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SHORT NOTES ON SOME CANADIAN 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 ^1 
 
 By W. P. Fmedbb, BjL.Sc., F.Q.S., Gbolooical SuBvm of Canada. 
 

 <MI v'i.'l.. -.■>.. 
 

 SHORT NOTES ON SOME CANADIAN 
 
 MINERALS, 
 
 By W. F. Febribr, B.A.Sc., F.G.S., Gbological Survey op Canada. 
 
• v 
 
 
 '^ / a h, o 
 
" Reprinted from thk Canadian Record of Science, December, 1891." 
 
 Short Notes on some Canadian Minerals.' 
 
 By W. F. Fhrribr, B.A.Sc., F.G.S., Geological Survey of Canada. 
 
 (Communicated by permission of the Director.) 
 
 It is the intention of the writer in the following short 
 notes to place on record a few new localities of some Cana- 
 dian minerals, and also to call attention to the intere.sting 
 forms in which, in several instances, they occur at these 
 and other localities already known. 
 
 1. Native Arsenic. 
 
 A year ago a specimen was received from Mr. Charles 
 Brent, Mininij Engineer, of Port Arthur, Ont., which con- 
 tained this mineral in some quantity. 
 
 The locality is given as Kdwards Island, Thunder Bay 
 District, Lake Superior, nine miles east of Silver Islet, and 
 the ore, of which the arsenic forms a part, is said to have 
 yielded in selected samples as high us 130 oz. silver to the 
 ton, the average being abont TS oz. 
 
 The arsenic occui-s, in the specimen examined, in small 
 reniform masses, tarnished to a dark-grey color and imbed- 
 ded in a white cleavable calcite which forms small patches 
 in a dark-grey, fine-grained, crystalline limestone. 
 
 It greatly resembles in appearance that found at Joachim s- 
 thal, in Bohemia. , 
 
 Blende, galenite, pyrite, and chalcopyrite were observed 
 as associated minerals, and native silver is also said to occur 
 rather pl^ntiftilly with it. 
 
 The Silver Islet Consolidated Mining and Land Co. dming 
 
 ' One of the species described, the Molybdenitei is from Labrador, 
 
4Y2 Canadian Record of Science. 
 
 the past year did considemble development work on the 
 property with a view to working the ores for silver, but 
 nothing is being done at present. 
 
 Only one other recoi*ded occurrence of this interesting 
 species in Canada has come under the writer's notice, viz : 
 that from the Fi'aser Eiver, British Colambia. ' 
 
 2. Molybdenite. 
 
 Some time ago a specimen of this mineral, collected by 
 Mr. J. D. Frossard, Mining Engineer, Montreal, in La- 
 brador, was placed in my hands by Mr. B. T. A. Bell of the 
 " Cana'lian Mining Review." 
 
 It is interesting as a contribution to our knowledge of the 
 minerals of that little known land. It occurs in broad 
 foliated plates and nodules in a light colored, rather coarsely 
 crystalline granitic rock which at first sight closely re- 
 sembles a crystalline limestone, or dolomite, but is almost 
 wholly composed of quartz and felspar. 
 
 3. Sphalbeite or Blende. 
 
 During the past summer several good specimens of this 
 sulphide of zinc were collected by the writer from the 
 quartz veins in the townships of Risborough and Marlow, 
 Beauce Co., Quebec, described by Dr. Ells in his report on 
 that region. ^ 
 
 Some very fine crystals were observed, but it was found 
 impossible to obtain perfect specimens of them, as they are 
 exceedingly fragile and imbedded in a very hard and com- 
 pact quartz. 
 
 Twinned octahedra up to an inch in diameter occur, hav- 
 ing the planes very smooth and angles sharply defined. 
 
 The best specimens were obtained from the " Armstrong " 
 vein, mentioned in Dr. Ell's report. 
 
 4. Ptritb. 
 
 Crystals of this well-known mineral lately found by Mr. 
 
 > Ann. Report G«ul. Surv. Can. 188a> Part T. p. 9. 
 
 " 1887-88, Part R, pp. 106, 161. 
 
 - Ann. Report Geul. Suiv. Can. 1886, Part Ji p. 59. 
 
 •• '< •• " " 1888-89, Part. K, p. 7!, 
 
 -^ A 1^ ^7 
 
 J 
 
J 
 
Notes cm some Canadian Minerals. 478 
 
 H. M. Ami at Perking Mills, Templeton, Ottawa Co., (jue- 
 bec, thoagh not of very large size, (about \ in. diameter) 
 are remarkable for their perfection, and brilliancy of lustre. 
 They exhibit the faces of the cube and octahedron (oo 0,0) 
 the former being mo 'C extensively developed than the 
 latter. 
 
 5. Martitb. 
 
 Mr. A. M. Campbell of Perth, Ont., sent mo some octahe- 
 dral crystals from the Dalhousie Iron Mine, on lot 1, range 
 4 of the township of Dalhousie, Lanark Co., Ontario. 
 
 They proved, on examination, to consist of magnetite, 
 partially, and in a few cases, completely, altered to hematite, 
 though still retaining the sharp outlines of the original 
 octahedi-ons of magnetite. 
 
 The crystals in which the alteration is complete may 
 properly be referred to Martite, defined by Breithaupt as 
 sesquioxide of iron occurring under an isometric form. 
 
 The completely altered crystals are not magnetic or only 
 very feebly so. 
 
 Some of them are an inch and more in diameter. 
 
 Specimens which have been exposed to the weather are 
 externally of a bright brick-red color. 
 
 6. ESRMESITB. ' - 
 
 Occurs in small radiating tufts of capillary crystals on 
 stibnite from Eawdon, Hants Co., Nova Scotia, and exhi- 
 bits all the ordinary characters of the species. 
 
 It results no doubt from the alteration of the stibnite. 
 
 Mr. C. W. Willimott first called my attention some time 
 ago to its occurrence at this locality. 
 
 7. Quartz. 
 
 Of this familiar mineral some good ciystals have lately 
 been brought to light. Mi*. A. P. Low, during the past 
 summer found transparent crystals in a red pegmatite at 
 Lac aux lies, Portneuf Co., Quebec, which shew the com- 
 
474 Canadian Record of Science. 
 
 bination a = /- P, b=P, c = 2 P2, the 2 P 2 faces being re- 
 markably well developed. (See Fig. 4.) 
 
 Fig. 4. Quartz Crystal— Lac aux lies, Portneuf Co., P. Q. 
 
 Mr. John Stewart, of Ottawa, has also presented me with 
 some interesting crystals of smoky quartz, from lot 44, 
 range 6, Bouchette township, Ottawa Co., Quebec. 
 
 In these both prismatic and pyramidal faces are concave, 
 giving the crystal the peculiar appearance shown in Plate 
 II, which is reproduced from a drawing kindly made for me 
 by Mr. L, M. Lambe, the artist of the Survey. 
 
 When a straight edge is laid across one of the prism faces 
 (^ in. wide), the deflection of the face from its normal posi- 
 tion, at a point half way across it, is seen to be about ^j^ of 
 an inch, the curvature being quite symmetrical. 
 
 Similar crystals have been found in Orange County, New 
 York State. 
 
 8. Spinel, 
 
 Beautiful, brilliant, jet-black octahedrons of spinel were 
 lately found by Mr, John Stewart, in Aylwin township, 
 Ottawa county, Quebec, imbedded in a crystalline limestone. 
 
 Perfect crystals in ray possession measure f in, in dia- 
 meter, and some of them exhibit the combination of octahe- 
 dron and dodecahedron (o,oo o). 
 
 A complete alteration of the mineral to some species of 
 mica has been observed in a few instances, 
 
 9. Anhtdritb and Gypsum. 
 
 Mr. H. Lundbohm of the Geological Survey of Sweden, 
 who has recently been in Canada studying the mode of 
 occurrence of our apatite, placed in my hands for determ- 
 
Plate J I. 
 
 QUARTZ CRYSTAL, with Curved Faces (concave.) 
 BoucHKTTE TnwNsuii', Ottawa Co., Qve. 
 
Notes on some Canadian Minerals. 
 
 4t6 
 
 ination some very interesting specimens of these minerals, 
 collected by him at the ♦• 100 ton pit," McLaren's Phosphate 
 Mine, lot 4, concession 8, North Burgess, Lanark Co., Ont. 
 
 They present all the ordinary physical characters of 
 these species. 
 
 The anhydrite is in cleavable masses of a light pm*ple or 
 lilac color, and shews alteration to a snowy white gypsum, 
 being in places, ti-aversed by a network of little cracks filled 
 by that mineral, a process of alteration apparently analo- 
 gous to that of the serpentinization of olivine. Sometimes 
 the alteration has taken place only in the direction of the 
 cleavage planes, giving rise to a most beautiful banded 
 structure, anhydrite and gypsum arranged in alternate 
 layers. 
 
 Some good sized masses of fine-gi'ained white gypsum 
 occur with the anhydrite, probably derived from its altera- 
 tion. 
 
 Both the anhydrite and gypsum occur in crystalline 
 limestone, associated with apatite, and their presence in 
 the Laurantian limestones is of special interest, opening 
 up, as it does, many interesting questions regarding the 
 origin of these limestones. 
 
 Hitherto the sulphates of lime seem to have been over- 
 looked in enumerating the minerals of the Laurentian. 
 
 It is purposed to make a careful study of the mode of 
 occurrence of these sulphates in the Laurentian limestones, 
 and to publish any interesting facts which may be ascer- 
 tained regarding it. 
 
 Ottawa, Nov. 24, 1891.