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I^abbtn'e Journal anb (Drbed;} Book0. 
 
 / 
 
 JOURNAL KEPT IN CANADA 
 
 AND 
 
 UPON BURGOYNE'S CAMPAIGN 
 
 IM 1776 AND 1777, BY 
 
 LIEUr. JAMES \1. HADDEN, Roy. Art. 
 
 Alio 
 
 Orders kept by him and issued by Sir Guy Carlhton, Lieut 
 
 General John Burgoyne and Major General 
 
 William Phillips, in 1776, 1777 and 1778. 
 
 WITH AN explanatory CHAPTER AND NOTES BY 
 
 HORATIO ROGERS, 
 
 Bre^c, Brigadier General U. S V., and formerly ColoLl Second Rhode bland 
 
 Injantry ; Member of the American Antiquarian Society, and 
 
 Author of Private Librariet of Providence. 
 
 ALBANY, N, Y, 
 JOEL MUNSELL'S SONS, 82 STATE ST. 
 
 M. DCCC. LXXXIV. 
 
 / t H^ 
 
TO 
 
 milliam JL. S)tone, 
 
 tAe enthusiastic Burgoyne-studenty 
 
 but for whose unfailing interest and urgent 
 
 zeal this volume would probably never 
 
 have been published, the work, now 
 
 completed, and in print, is afFec- 
 
 tionately dedicated by his 
 
 old College friend, 
 
 the Editor. 
 
I 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Preface, - - - 
 Calendar for 1776, 
 
 Pagb. 
 
 ix 
 
 XV 
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 Page. 
 
 lii. For John W.tson Powell, read Henry W.Uon Powell. 
 
 367. For 3d Earl of Chesterfield, read 4th Earl of Che«terfie;d. 
 
 468. For , , 3th. or Royal Highland Volunteers, read 1 , 3th, or Royal Highlanders. 
 
 
J 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Preface, ------.... |- 
 
 Calendar for 1776, ----__ jjy 
 
 Calendar for 1777, ------ xvi 
 
 Authorities, ^y- 
 
 An Explanatory Chapter, by the Editor, xxxv 
 
 Hadden's Journal, -----.. j 
 
 Hadden's Orderly Books, - . - . ,5- 
 
 Appendix, ^^^ 
 
 I"^e^- 563 
 
^ggjjgJSS rWBWffli B ^W ii rT^fff ^^^wwr j) •, , ^ ^ ,^ w:^ - -.^ v< -.» n ni , I -wEB in u iiti .i^ mmiiimmmf!mmmmmm0mmmSSIi 
 
 MAPS, ETC., IN FAC-SIMILE. 
 
 »•• 
 
 On, or to face 
 First page of Hadden's Journal, - - - Title 
 
 Sketch of the action on Lake Champlain, 1 1 
 
 Oct., 1776, -------- 23 
 
 Lake Champlain about Crown Point, - 33 
 
 British Gun Boat, ------- jj6 
 
 Ticonderoga and its vicinity, - - - - 83 
 
 Country between Lake Champlain and Still- 
 water, including Lake George, - - - 90 
 Burgoyne's Order of March, Sept. 17, 
 
 ^777^ 152 
 
 Burgoyne's Order of March, Sept. 19, 
 
 ^777* 164 
 
 Burgoyne's Order of Battle Sept. 1 9, i jjy. 1 64 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 « • ■ ■ I 
 
 A knowledge of the British, no less than of 
 the American participants in Burgoyne's cam- 
 paign, being necessary to the proper understand- 
 ing of that great event, has led me to investigate 
 the personnel oi Burgoyne's army, and to annotate 
 the text far more fully than had, at first, been in- 
 tended. No reference in the notes has been 
 made to characters like Stark, Schuyler, Heath, 
 Warner, Morgan, Lord Stirling, etc., as they arc 
 presumed to be familiar to the American reader ; 
 and though Dr. O'Callaghan, in Burgoyne's 
 Orderly Book, has sketched, with more or less 
 fullness, some of the British officers annotated in 
 the following pages, yet, in nearly, if not quite, 
 every instance, some facts have been added to 
 those the Doctor has given ; hence, for complete- 
 ness, notes on such personages have not been ex- 
 cluded from this volume. So little is known of 
 Burgoyne's Canadian and Provincial officers, and 
 especially of the leader of Burgoyne's Indians, 
 that no pains have been spared to glean all possi- 
 ble information in regard to them. Notwith- 
 
X Preface, 
 
 standing much has been written relating to 
 Burgoyne, yet no biographer has been sufficiently 
 precise to give the exact date of his birth, or to 
 inform us of the facts on which rests the scandal 
 in regard to his parentage, so that the reader can 
 judge for himself of the merits of the case. 
 The looseness which has characterized other 
 portions of the various memoirs of this offi- 
 cer's life and character, accounts for so full a 
 sketch of Burgoyne in the notes. As various 
 writers have confused bearers of the same name 
 with some of Burgoyne's officers, brief sketches 
 of a number of such contemporaries have been 
 given, in order to aid, as far as may be, in ob- 
 viating such confusion hereafter. 
 
 Though writing of Englishmen, and others, 
 engaged in a cause in which my proclivities are 
 all against them, as my grandfather and one of 
 his brothers were officers in the Rhode Island 
 Line, and another brother was a brigade chaplain 
 in the Pennsylvania Line, on the patriot side 
 during the Revolutionary War, yet I have striven 
 to write as one without prejudice, both in stating 
 facts without coloring, and in drawing conclu- 
 sions without improper bias. 
 
Preface. 
 
 XI 
 
 If I have gone too much into artillery details. 
 It must be borne in mir.J that Lieut. Hadden was' 
 an artillery officer ; and, it may be, the fact that 
 I served as first-lieutenant, captain, and major, in 
 the Third Rhode Island Heavy Artillery during 
 the early years of our late civil war, has whetted 
 my interest in such matters to a degree not shared 
 by the majority of readers. My aim has been, 
 editorially, to write for historical students, more 
 than for the general reader ; hence no dates and 
 no precision of statement of any fact have been 
 omitted, merely to add to rhetorical effect. 
 
 The Orders, contained in the latter part of this 
 work, reflect much light upon Burgoyne's cam- 
 paign, and, consequently, upon Hadden's Journal ; 
 since Orders issued in 1776, in regard to the 
 formation and regulations of the army in Canada, 
 applied very largely to the troops under Burgoyne 
 the next year. 
 
 Calendars for the years 1776 and 1777, have 
 been inserted in the introductory matter, so that 
 readers desiring to refer to them, may readily do 
 so ; the table of * Contents ' showing exactly 
 where they may be found. 
 
 Save in a very few cases, I have made no refer- 
 ence in the notes to the topography of the 
 
 "^ r/.: i r 'v^. 9 w >s t'*«' v ■ 
 
xii Preface, 
 
 country, as others personally familiar with it, 
 have fully and clearly explained it ; far more so, 
 than I could hope to do. 
 
 The authorities for the editor's work have been 
 intended to be given as fully as possible, as, in 
 historical writing, the importance of furnishing 
 them is thoroughly realized ; and if, in any case, 
 it shall be found that they have been omitted, 
 it is due solely to oversight, as some of the 
 notes were originally written without noting the 
 authorities at the time, thus necessitating their 
 subsequent addition. Where the authorities for 
 a note are few, or where they are so intermingled 
 that it would be well nigh impossible to refer to 
 them accurately, save in mass, they have been 
 inserted at the end without special reference to 
 them in the body of the note. To save space and 
 expense the name of every volume of authority 
 referred to, has been lettered in the table of 
 'Authorities,' and subsequent references are to the 
 letters, and not to the name of the volume ; the 
 table of * Authorities ' serving as a key. As but 
 comparatively few readers will care for the 
 authorities, while those who do, will care for 
 them very much, and as the notes have expanded 
 far beyond the bounds originally set for them. 
 
Preface. xiii 
 
 making it necessary to resort to some method to 
 keep the volume within reasonable limits, it is 
 hoped that this device for economizing space 
 will cause but little inconvenience. 
 
 I return my heartiest thanks to Mr. William 
 L. Stone, of Jersey City, for his unfailing interest 
 in this work, as well as for much valuable aid 
 and counsel. I am also under obligations to 
 Gen. J. Watts de Peyster, and Dr. Thomas 
 Addis Emmet, of New York; Hon. Wins- 
 low C. Watson, of Port Kent, N. Y. ; Dr. A. 
 W. Holden, of Glens Falls, N. Y. ; J. M. Le 
 Moine, Esq., President of the Literary and Anti- 
 quarian Society of Quebec ; Major L. A. Huguet- 
 Latour, and the Abbe Verreau of Montreal ; and 
 the Abbe Tanguay, of Ottawa, Canada. For the 
 use of valuable manuscripts I am indebted to 
 many parties ; and especially to the Massachu- 
 setts Historical Society, for the Heath Papers, 
 and the Military Papers of Capt. Moses Green- 
 leaf; to the New York Historical Society, for 
 the Gates Papers ; to the American Antiquarian 
 Society, of Worcester, Massachusetts, for various 
 Order and Letter Books ; and to the Department 
 of Agriculture of the Dominion of Canada, for 
 the Haldimand Papers. In this latter connection 
 
 l»IIUaiJHll»iSJlibuyB<aiH.iWB 
 
 P T-f.jJi ' i. ^ tf T nt ' afi ' it -tf 
 
xiv Preface. 
 
 I cannot refrain from referring to the unwearied 
 zeal and unfailing courtesy of Mr. Douglas 
 Brymner, of Ottawa, the Archivist of the Do- 
 minion of Canada, in affording me the fullest 
 and most satisfactory use of the Haldimand 
 Papers, and the other manuscripts confided to 
 his charge. Would that all public officials in 
 custody of valuable manuscripts, might take a 
 lesson from him. To these and to various others, 
 too numerous to mention, who have been of ser- 
 vice to me in preparing this work, I return my 
 most grateful acknowledgments. It would, 
 indeed, be an omission, not to specially com- 
 mend the typographical excellence displayed by 
 the Messrs. Munsell in this work; — surely, 
 none of its faults can justly be attributed to 
 them. 
 
 The limits of an ordinary preface are far too 
 circumscribed to admit of many matters it has 
 seemed desirable to advert to, in editing a work 
 of this character ; hence the reader is referred to 
 An Explanatory Chapter, by the Editor, for infor- 
 mation, that, but for the space it requires, would 
 have been included in the so-called preface. 
 
 H. R. 
 
 Providence, R. I., March 31st, 1884. 
 
CALENDAR FOR 
 
 1776. 
 
 JANUARY. 
 
 FEBRUARY. 
 
 MARCH. 
 
 S. M. T. W. T. F. S. 
 
 S. M.T. W.T. F.S. 
 
 S. M.T. W.T.F.S. 
 
 ... 123456 
 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 
 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 
 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 
 28 29 30 31 
 
 123 
 
 4 5 6 7 8 910 
 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 
 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 
 25 26 27 28 29 
 
 I 2 
 
 3456789 
 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 
 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 
 31 
 
 
 
 APRIL. 
 
 MAY. 
 
 JUNE. 
 
 S. M. T. W. T. F. S. 
 
 S. M.T. W.T. F.S. 
 
 S. M.T. W.T.F.S. 
 
 ... 123456 
 7 8 ^ 10 II 12 13 
 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 
 21 2223 2425 26 27 
 28 29 30 
 
 1234 
 
 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 
 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 
 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 
 26 27 28 29 3031 ... 
 
 I 
 
 2345678 
 
 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 
 
 16 17 18 19 2021 22 
 
 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 
 
 ^0 ••• *•• ■•• ••• ,,, ,,, 
 
 
 
 JULY. 
 
 AUGUST. 
 
 SEPTEMBER. 
 
 S. M.T. W.T. F.S. 
 
 S. M. T. W. T. F. S. 
 
 S. M. T. W. T. F. S. 
 
 ... 123456 
 7 g 9 10 II 12 13 
 
 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 
 28293031 
 
 123 
 
 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 
 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 
 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 
 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 
 
 » 2 3 4 5 6 7 
 
 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 
 
 15 16 17 18 192021 
 
 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 
 
 2930 
 
 OCTOBER. 
 
 NOVEMBER. 
 
 DECEMBER. 
 
 S. M.T. W.T. F.S. 
 
 S. M. T. W. T. F. S. 
 
 S. M. T. W. T. F. S. 
 
 1234567 
 
 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 
 
 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 
 
 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 
 
 293031 
 
 12345 
 
 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 
 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 
 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 
 27 28 29 3031 
 
 I 2 
 
 3456789 
 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 
 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 
 
CALENDAR FOR 1777. 
 
 JANUARY. 
 
 FEBRUARY. 
 
 MARCH. 
 
 S. M.T. W.T.F.S. 
 
 S. M.T. W.T.F.S. 
 
 S. M.T. W.T.F.S. 
 
 1234 
 
 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 
 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 
 19 20 21 22 23 2425 
 26 27 28 29 3031 ... 
 
 I 
 
 2345678 
 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 
 
 16 17 18 19 20 2f 22 
 23 2425 26 27 28 ... 
 
 I 
 
 2345678 
 
 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 
 
 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 
 
 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 
 
 3031 
 
 
 
 APRIL. 
 
 MAY. 
 
 JUNE. 
 
 S. M.T. W.T.F.S. 
 
 S. M.T. W.T.F.S. 
 
 S. M.T. W.T. F S. 
 
 12345 
 
 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 
 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 
 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 
 27 28 29 30 
 
 123 
 
 456 7 8 9 10 
 fi 12 13 14 15 16 17 
 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 
 25 26 27 28 29 3031 
 
 1234567 
 
 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 
 
 15 16 17 18 19 2021 
 
 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 
 
 29 30 
 
 JULY. 
 
 AUGUST. 
 
 SEPTEMBER. 
 
 S. M. T. W. T. F. S. 
 
 S. M.T. W.T.F.S. 
 
 S. M.T. W.T. F.S. 
 
 > 2 3 4 5 
 
 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 
 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 
 2021 22 2324 25 26 
 2728293031 
 
 I 2 
 
 3456789 
 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 
 17 18 19 2021 22 23 
 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 
 ■ji 
 
 ... 123456 
 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 
 14 15 16 17 18 1920 
 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 
 28 29 30 
 
 3' 
 
 
 OCTOBER. 
 
 NOVEMBER. 
 
 DECEMBER 
 
 S. M.T. W.T.F.S. 
 
 S. M.T. W.T.F.S. 
 
 3. M. T. W. T. F. S. 
 
 1234 
 
 5 6 7 8 9 ID II 
 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 
 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 
 2627 28 29 3031 ... 
 
 I 
 
 2345678 
 
 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 
 
 16 17 18 19 2021 22 
 
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 10 
 
 123456 
 
 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 
 
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 28 29 3031 
 
 j*^ 
 
 
AUTHORITIES. 
 
 [Future references to volumes of authority in this work, will 
 for economy of space and expense, usually be to their letters 
 and not to their names.] 
 
 . Vou 
 
 A. Allen's Battles of the British Navy, i 
 
 B. Allen, Narrative of Ethan. 
 
 C. American Archives, 4th Series, 
 
 D. 
 
 £. »i 
 
 F. u 
 
 G. u 
 H. »« 
 I. u 
 
 J. 
 
 K. »» 
 
 (( 
 
 «< 
 
 <( 
 
 (I 
 
 (( 
 
 tt 
 
 l< 
 
 tt 
 
 5th 
 
 u 
 
 (( 
 
 (C 
 
 (I 
 
 {( 
 
 I 
 
 a 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 I 
 
 a 
 
 3 
 
 L' American Historical Record, t 
 
 M. «« »t J 
 
 N. " *t J 
 
 N.N. American Military Pocket Atlas. 
 
 O. Anburey's Travels through the Interior Parts 
 
 of America, ist Ed., 
 *• Idem. 
 
 Q. Anderson's Scottish Nation, 
 
 I^' Annual Biography and Obituary, a 
 
 S. •' «» 
 
 T. «« u 
 
 U. " IC 
 
 8 
 
 14 
 
 16 
 
'f''"' Authorities. 
 
 V. 
 
 Annual 
 
 w. 
 
 t( 
 
 X. 
 
 <» 
 
 Y. 
 
 M 
 
 2. 
 
 «l 
 
 A.A. 
 
 « 
 
 A.B. 
 
 fC 
 
 A.C. 
 
 M 
 
 A.D. 
 
 « 
 
 A.E. 
 
 •C 
 
 A.F. 
 
 i< 
 
 A.G. 
 
 Badffaiiv 
 
 Vot. 
 
 " 1773. 
 " '787. 
 " 1794. 
 " 1795. 
 
 " »799- 
 " 1801. 
 
 " 1802. 
 
 " »8o4. 
 
 " 1808. 
 
 " 1822. 
 Badeaux. Invasion du Canada par Les Amer- 
 icams en ,775. Journal de J.-Bte. Badeaux. 
 In vol. I, Invasion du Canada, par M. 
 I'Abbe Verrcau. 
 
 A. H. Bancroft's History of the United States, 
 
 A.I. «« u ♦ 
 
 AJ. «. „ „ ^ 
 
 A.K. u „ ^^ 7 
 
 A.L. « „ ^^ 9 
 
 A.M. Beatson's Chronological Register of both 
 
 Houses of the British Parliament. 
 A-N. Idem. 
 
 A-O- Idem. 
 
 A.P. Beatson's Military and Naval Memoirs. f 
 
 A.Q. « „ » 3 
 
 A.R. «« „ - 4 
 
 A.S. Beatson's Political Index to the Histories of 
 
 Great Britain and Ireland. 
 AT. Idem. 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
Authorities. xix 
 
 Vot. 
 
 A.U. Beaton's Political Index to the Histories of 
 
 Great Britain and Ireland, ^ 
 
 A.V. Bell's Translation of Garneau's THistoire du 
 
 Canada, 2 
 
 A.W. Berthelot. Extraits d' un Memoire de M. 
 
 A. Berthelot sur I'Invasion du Canada en 
 1775. In vol. I, Invasion du Canada, par 
 I'Abbe Verreau. 
 
 A.X. Bibaud's Le Pantheon Canadien. 
 
 A.Y. " Les Institutions de I'Histoire du 
 
 Canada, l 
 
 A.Z. Boston Evening Post. Oct. 17, 1778. 
 
 B.A. Boston Gazette. July 28, 1777. 
 
 fi-fi- " Sept. 8, 1777. 
 
 BC. " '» 29,1777- 
 
 B.D. «« Oct. 6,1777. 
 
 ^•E- " Nov. 10, 1777. 
 
 B.F. Bouton's History of Concord, N. H. 
 
 B.G. Brenton's Naval History of Great Britain, 2 
 
 B.H. British Army Lists. 
 
 B.I. Brooks' History of Mcdford, Mass. 
 
 B.J. Browne's History of the Highlands and Clans, 4 
 
 B.K. Burgoyne. Fonblanque's Political and Mili- 
 
 tary Episodes of. 
 
 B.L. Burgoyne's Works. 2 vols. 
 
 B.M. " Orderly Book. 
 
 B.M.M. " Speech on Vyner's Motion. 
 
 B.N. " State of the Expedition. 
 
 B.O. " Supplement to the State of the 
 
 Expedition. 
 
XX Authorities, 
 
 Vot. 
 B P. Burk's History of Virginia, 3 
 
 B.Q. " « 4 
 
 B.R. Burke's Peerage and Baronetage. 
 
 B.S. " Extinct and Dormant Baronetcies. 
 
 B.T. " Landed Gentry. 
 
 B.T.T. Burke. Works of Edmund. Rivington's 
 
 . Ed. of 1852, I 
 
 B.U. Campbell's Annals of Tryon County, N. Y. 
 
 B.V. «* History of Virginia. 
 
 B.W. Canada. Conquest of. By the Author of 
 
 ** Hochelaga," 2 
 
 B.X. Canadian Monthly and National Review, 5 
 
 B.Y. Carrington's Battles of the American Revo- 
 
 lution. 
 B.Z. Chamber's Biographical Dictionary of Eminent , 
 
 Scotsmen. Ed. of 1835, 1 
 
 B.Z.Z. Idem. 
 
 C.A. Chipman's Memoir of Col. Seth Warner. 
 
 C.B. Colden Papers. [Publication Fund Series, 
 
 N. Y. Hist. Society.] j 
 
 C.C. Idem. 
 
 CD. Collins' Peerage. Brydges' Ed., 8 
 
 C.E. Congress, Journals of. [For 1774-5,] i 
 
 C.E.E. " " [For 1777,] 
 
 C.F. «♦ " [For 1776,] 
 
 C.F.F. «* *» [For 1781,] 
 
 C.G. Connecticut Colonial Records, 9 
 
 C.H. «* " 
 
 C.I. " " 
 
 C.J. ** Courant. May 27, 1776. 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 II 
 
Authorities, xxi 
 
 Vot. 
 
 C.K. Connecticut Courant, Sept. 23, 1776. 
 
 C.L. »* " April 10, 1777. 
 
 CM. " Historical Society. Collections of, 1 
 
 C.N. Continental Journal for Sept. 19, 1776. 
 
 CO. " " May 22, 1777. 
 
 CP. " " July 24, 1777. 
 
 CQ. « " July 31, ,777. 
 
 C.Q.Q. « " Aug. 7, 1777. 
 
 CR. «« " Sept. 18, 1777. 
 
 C.S. « " Oct. 2, 1777. 
 
 CT. Cook. Orderly Book of Col. Thaddeus. 
 Manuscript in the American Antiquarian 
 Society's Library. 
 
 CU. Cornwallis' Correspondence, I 
 
 CV. " " a 
 
 CW. «♦ »» 3 
 
 C.W.W. Cumberland. Memoirs of Richard. Boston, 1806. 
 
 ex. Debrett's Peerage. 
 
 CY. Dodd's Manual of Dignities. 
 
 CZ. Duncan's History of the Royal Artillery, i 
 
 D.A. '* " " a 
 
 D.B. Elizabethtown [N. Y.] Post and Gazette for 
 
 Dec. 4, 1879. 
 
 D.C. Encyclopedia Britannica. 9th £d., a 
 
 D.D. European Magazine, 66 
 
 D.E. Farmer and Moore's Historical Collections, i 
 
 D.F. " " " 
 
 D.G. Fitch's SuTi'ey of Washington County, N. Y. 
 
 D.H. Fitzmaurice's Life of Lord Shelburne. 
 
 D.L Fletcher. Narrative of Ebenezcr. 
 
 3 
 
^^^^ Authorities. 
 
 DJ. Foster's Baronetage and Knightage. 
 
 " Peerage and Orders of Knighthood. 
 FrankJin's Works, by Sparks, 
 Fraser. Journal of Operations before Quebec 
 
 in 1759, by Malcolm. 
 Frothingham's History of the Siege of Boston 
 Fullom's Life of Sir Howard Douglas 
 ^•0. Gaine's Universal Register for ,779. 
 
 Vot. 
 
 D.K. 
 
 D.K.K 
 
 ^U 
 
 D.M. 
 DN. 
 
 ' '* " 1782. 
 
 D.Q. Gaspe. Memoires par Philippe de 
 
 iJ.R. Gates' Papers. Manuscript in New York 
 
 Historical Society's Library. 
 
 D.S. Gentleman's Magazine 
 
 D.T. « », '7 
 
 D.U. «i „ ii 
 
 D.V. « „ # 
 
 D.W. u „ ^^ 
 
 D.X. cc „ 49 
 
 D.X.X. « „ - :i* 
 
 D.Y. u „ 5* 
 
 D.Z. « „ ^^' '• 59 
 
 D.Z.Z. «« « ^^- '• 60 
 
 E.A. « „ ^^•2- ^2 
 
 E.B. .. „ ^^' 2. 66 
 
 E.G. cc „ ^t. 2. 71 
 
 E.D. « „ ^^' '^' n 
 
 E.E. »t « Pf- 2. 75 
 
 E.F. u c» ^'- '• 78 
 
 E.G. «i « ^^- 2- 79 
 
 E.H. «^ .. ^f- '• 80 
 
 Pt. 2. 80 
 
Authorities. xxiii 
 
 E. I. Gentleman's Magazine 
 
 E.J. " " 
 
 E.K. " «• 
 
 E.L. " «* 
 
 EM. « « 
 
 E.N. " « 
 
 E.O. " «• 
 
 E.P. «« « 
 
 Ct 11 
 
 11 *1 
 
 
 
 Vol- 
 
 Pt. 
 
 2. 
 
 83 
 
 Ft. 
 
 I. 
 
 84 
 
 Pt. 
 
 2. 
 
 84 
 
 Pt. 
 
 2. 
 
 85 
 
 Pt. 
 
 I. 
 
 87 
 
 Pt. 
 
 2. 
 
 87 
 
 Pt. 
 
 2. 
 
 91 
 
 Pt. 
 
 2. 
 
 92 
 
 Pt. 
 
 2. 
 
 93 
 
 Pt. 
 
 2. 
 
 95 
 
 Pt. 
 
 I. 
 
 97 
 
 Pt. 
 
 I. 
 
 98 
 
 Pt. 
 
 2. 
 
 99 
 
 N. 
 
 S. 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 tior 
 
 >> 
 
 
 E.P.P. « 
 
 E.Q. 
 
 E.R. 
 
 E.S. ^ 
 
 E.T. «» 
 
 E.U. " 
 
 E.V. Georgian Era, 
 
 E. W. Gordon's History of the American Revolution, 
 
 London Ed. of 1 788, 
 
 E.W.W. Idem. 
 
 E.X. Greenleaf. Military Papers of Capt. Moses. 
 
 Manuscript in the Massachusetts Historical 
 Society's Library. 
 
 E. Y. Graham's Life of General Daniel Morgan. 
 
 E.Z. Hadden's Journal and Orderly Books. 
 
 F A. Haldimand Papers. Copy in the Parliament 
 
 Library, Ottawa, Canada, of the Manu- 
 script in the British Museum. 
 
 F.B. Idem. Register of Letters from Sir Guy 
 
 Carleton to Various Persons, 1 776-1 778, i 
 
 F.C. " Idem. 2 
 
 F.D. " Correspondence of the Ministers with 
 
xxiv Authorities, 
 
 Vol. 
 
 Gens. Amherst, Gage and Carleton, 
 1 760-1 778. 
 F.E. Idem. General Orders by Sir Guy Carleton and 
 
 Gen. Haldimand, 1776-1783. 
 *'.F. « Register of Warrants issued for the Ex- 
 
 traordinary Service of the Army, 1778- 
 1780, , 
 
 F.G. " Idem, 1 77 1- 1 782, - 
 
 F.H. »* Letters to the Ministry, 1778-1781, f 
 
 F-I. " Letters to Gen. Haldimand from the 
 
 Boards of Admiralty and Ordnance, 
 1778-1785. 
 FJ- " Letters from Various Persons to Gen. 
 
 Haldimand, . 
 
 F.K. " Letters from Officers commanding at 
 
 Niagara, 1777-1778, , 
 
 F.L. " Letters to Various Persons. 1778. 
 
 F.M. " Register of Naval dnd Military Commis- 
 
 sions, I 778-1 782. 
 F.N. Hall's Early History of Eastern Vermont. 
 
 F.N.N. Haskell and Smith's Gazetteer of the United States. 
 F.O. Haydn's Book of Dignities. 
 
 F.P. Heath Papers. Manuscript in the Massachu- 
 
 setts Historical Society's Library. 
 F.P.P. Heath's Memoirs. 
 
 F.Q. Henley, Proceedings of a General Court 
 
 Martial upon the trial of Col. David. 
 F.R. Henry's Arnold's Campaign against Quebec. 
 
 F.S. Hinman's Part sustained by Connecticut during 
 
 the War of the Revolution. 
 
Authorities, 
 
 XXV 
 
 F.T. 
 
 F.U. 
 
 F.U.U. 
 
 F.V. 
 
 F.W. 
 
 F.X. 
 
 F.Y. 
 
 F.Z. 
 
 G.A. 
 
 G.B. 
 
 G.C. 
 
 G.D. 
 
 G.E. 
 
 G.F. 
 
 G.G. 
 
 G.H, 
 
 G.I. 
 
 GJ. 
 
 G.K. 
 
 G.L. 
 G.M. 
 G.N. 
 G.O. 
 
 G.P. 
 G.Q. 
 G.R. 
 
 Histoire des Grandes Families Fran^aises du 
 Canada, 
 
 Idem. 
 Historical Magazine, 
 
 (t 
 
 C( 
 
 (( 
 t< 
 « 
 
 (4 
 C( 
 ti 
 
 (( 
 
 cc 
 <i 
 c< 
 
 id Series. 
 
 C( 
 
 Historical Record of the 9th Foot. British. 
 
 " 20th « 
 
 Vol. 
 
 I 
 2 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 9 
 I 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 ti 
 
 Ci 
 
 (( 
 
 <c 
 
 tt 
 
 {( 
 
 (( 
 
 (C 
 
 <( 
 
 (( 
 
 1( 
 
 I( 
 
 cc 
 
 C( 
 
 IC 
 
 « 
 cc 
 (( 
 
 2lst 
 31st 
 34th 
 46th 
 
 Holden's History of Queensbury. 
 
 Hough's Northern Invasion, 1780. Bradford 
 
 Club Series, No. 6. 
 Howe. Narrative of Lieut. Gen. Sir William. 
 Huntingdon's History of Stamford, Conn. 
 James' Military Dictionary. 2 vols. Ed. of 1810. 
 JefFerson's Memoirs, Correspondence, &c. 
 
 2d Ed., Boston, 1830, Gray & Bowe'n, i 
 
 Jesse's Memoirs of the Pretenders, | 
 
 Johnson. Orderly Book of Sir John. 
 Jones' History of New York during the Revo- 
 lutionary War, 
 d 
 
XXVI Authorities, 
 
 G.S. Jones' History of New York during the Revo- 
 
 lutionary War, 
 G.T. Junius' Letters. 
 
 G.U, Kane's Artillery List. 
 
 G.V. 1 
 G.X. / Lamb's Journal of the American War. 
 
 G. W. «* Memoir of His Own Life. 
 
 G.X.X. Le xVIoine. Title Deeds of J. M., Manuscript 
 
 '" possession of J. M. Le Moine. 
 ^- Y. " Maple Leaves of J. M., 3d Series. 
 
 ^•^•^- " " " New Series, 
 
 1873. 
 G.Z Lindsay's Lives of the Lindsays, 
 
 H.A. Lippincott's Magazine, 
 
 H.B. List of Officers serving in North America 
 
 under Sir Henry Clinton in 1779, 
 H.C. List of Officers serving in North America 
 
 under Sir Guy Carleton in 1783. 
 Livingston. Orderly Book of Heniy B., 
 
 Manuscript in the American Antiquarian 
 
 Society's Library. 
 
 H.D. 
 
 Vot. 
 
 H.E. 
 
 London C 
 
 hroni 
 
 H.F. 
 
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 (C 
 
 H.G. 
 
 ct 
 
 <c 
 
 H.H. 
 
 (( 
 
 (( 
 
 H.L 
 
 I* 
 
 C( 
 
 HJ. 
 
 t( 
 
 « 
 
 H.K. 
 
 *( 
 
 i( 
 
 H.L. 
 
 tt 
 
 (t 
 
 H.M. 
 
 C( 
 
 (t 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 39 
 4' 
 42 
 43 
 
 45 
 46 
 
 47 
 
Authorities, xxvii 
 
 H.N. London Chronicle, ,o 
 
 H.O. u » * 48 
 
 H.P. *c ., 49 
 
 H.Q. « „ . 50 
 
 H.R. « (( 53 
 
 H.S. Lorimier. Mes Services pendant La Guerre 
 
 Americaine de 1775. Memoire de M. de. 
 In vol. I, Invasion du Canada, par M. I' 
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 H.T. Lossing's Field Book of the Revolution. 2d 
 
 Ed. 
 H.T.T. Lowell's The Hessians and the other Ger- 
 man Auxiliaries of Great Britain in the 
 Revolutionary War. 
 H.U. McDonnell. Orderly Book of Capt. ArchL 
 
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 of Major L. A. Huguet-Latour, Montreal. 
 
 H.V. Mackintosh. Memoirs of Sir James. , 
 
 H.W. Maclean. An Historical and Genealogical 
 
 ; Account of The Clan Maclean, from its 
 
 first settlement at Castle Douart, in the 
 
 ; Isle of Mull, to the present period. By a 
 
 Seneachie. London, 1838. 
 H.X. Magazine of American History, 
 
 H.Y. '» u <» „ 
 
 H.Z. ** «« u {( 
 
 I.A. « tt ti u 
 
 LA. A. Marshall. Extracts from the Diary of Chris- 
 
 topher. 
 
 I 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 6 
 
xxviii Authorities. 
 
 Vol 
 
 i.B. Marshall's Royal Naval Biography, i 
 
 I.e. " «« (i it D» , « 
 
 I.D. « « « u p^ ^ ^ 
 
 I.E. Maseres' Additional Papers concerning the 
 
 Province of Quebeck. 
 I.F. Morgan's Sketches of Celebrated Canadians. 
 
 I.G. Munday's Life and Correspondence of the 
 
 late Admiral Rodney, 2 
 
 I.H. Naval Chronicle. [For 1810,] 23 
 
 I.I. New England Historical and Genealogical 
 
 Register, ^ 
 
 I'J' Idem. I* 
 
 ^•^' Idem. ,^ 
 
 '•L- Idem. 25 
 
 ^•M. Idem. 3, 
 
 I.N. New Hampshire Adjutant General's Report 
 
 for 1866, 2 
 
 ^•^- " " Historical Society's Collec- 
 
 tions, m 
 
 lO.O. " " State Papers, g 
 
 I.P. New York. Documents relating to the 
 
 Colonial History of, y 
 
 I'R. Idem. g 
 
 I'S. Idem. IQ 
 
 I.T. Osier's Life of Admiral Viscount Exmouth. 
 
 I.U. O'Byrne's Naval Biographical Dictionary. 
 
 I.U.U. Palmer's History of Lake Champlain. 
 I.V. Parliamentary Register. 
 
 I.W. Pennsylvania Gazette. Aug. 2, 1775. 
 
 I.X. Play fair's British Family Antiquary, ^^ 
 
Authorities. xxix 
 
 T ■V ni ^^^ 
 
 i.Y. Playfair'g British Family Antiquary, » 
 
 I.Z. ♦« «i (i jl 
 
 J.A. Providence Gazette. Aug. 16,1776. 
 
 J.B. Quebec Gazette. Sept. 22, 1774. 
 
 1^- " " Oc .3, ,774. 
 
 JD. « « Feb. 2, .775. 
 
 ^•^^^ Aug. 24,1775. 
 
 J°- " " Oct. 5. ,775. 
 
 J-"- " '• Nov. ,4, ,776. 
 
 J-I- " " May 8, ,777. 
 
 i-y- ' " May 29,1777. 
 
 {f- " " J"" 5.1777- 
 
 Im " " J""' ^5. .778. 
 
 JN- " " July 2,1778. 
 
 J-O- " " Aug. 6, ,778. 
 
 If u " °«- ^''' ■"9- 
 
 {f • " Nov. 25, .784. 
 
 J?: " Oct. ,,,.786. 
 
 J-^- " June 21,1787. 
 
 I"- " " J"'y *6.'787. 
 
 {•X: " J"'y •7.1788. 
 
 J.^. Quebec. Journal of the Principal Occur- 
 rences during the Siege of , by the 
 
 American Revolutionists. Edited by W. 
 T. Shortt of H. B. M. 17th Foot. 
 
K.I. *• 
 
 K.I.I. V «« 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 XXX ^ Authorities. - 
 
 Vbt. 
 K.A. Quebec. Rituel du Diocese de — , public par 
 
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 Paris, 1703. 2d Ed. 
 
 K.B. Randolph's Domestic Life of Thomas Jeffer- 
 
 son. 
 
 K.B.B. Rainsford. Journal of Commissary. [N. Y. 
 
 Hist. Soc'y Pub. Fund Series. Vol. 1 2.] 
 K.C. Remembrancer, i 
 
 K.D. *« 
 
 K.E. " 
 
 K.F. •* 
 
 K.G. •« 
 
 K.H. " , 6 
 
 II 
 12 
 
 KJ. " .it 
 
 K.K. 
 
 K.L. Riedesel. Letters and Journal of Madame 
 
 Stone's Translation. 
 K.M. Riedesel. Memoirs, Letters and Journal of 
 
 Gen. Stone's Translation. i 
 
 K.N. Idem. 
 
 K.O. Rivington's Royal Gazette. Oct. 13, 1781. 
 
 K.P. Royal Kalendar for 1787. 
 
 K.R. " Military Academy. Records of the — 
 
 1741-1840. Woolwich, 185 1. 
 K.S. " Military Chronicle, 
 
 K.T. Ruttenber's Catalogue of Manuscripts and 
 
 Relics in Washington's Head Quarters, 
 
 Newburgh. 
 
 >4 
 
 % 
 
Authorities. xxxi 
 
 Vol. 
 
 K.U. Ryerson's Loyalists of America and their 
 
 Times, 
 K.V. Sabine's Loyalists of the American Revolu- 
 
 tion, 
 K.V.V. Idem. 
 
 K.W. St. Clair Papers, 
 
 K.X. St. Luc. Journal du Voyage de M. Saint 
 
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 L'Augu8te,cnl'an 1761. 2d Ed. Quebec, 
 
 1863. 
 
 K.Y. Sanguinet. Temoin Oculalre de I'lnvasion 
 
 du Canada par Les Bastonnois. Journal 
 de M.— In vol. i, Invasion du Canada, 
 par M. I'Abbe Verreau. 
 K.Z. Schomberg's Naval Chronology, 
 
 L.A. Schuyler. Letter Book of Gen. Manu- 
 
 script in the American Antiquarian Society's 
 Library. 
 L.B. Simcoe's Journal. Ed. of 1787. 
 
 L.C. Simpson's Obituary and Records for the 
 
 Counties of Lincoln, Rutland, and North- 
 ampton. 
 L.D. Smith's History of Canada, 
 
 L.E. Stedman's History of the American War, i 
 
 L.F. Stark's Memoir-and Official Correspondence 
 
 of Gen. John Stark. 
 L.G. Stewart's Highlanders, jl 
 
 L.H. Stone's Life of Sir William Johnson, 
 
 ^'^' " Burgoyne's Campaign and St. Leger's 
 
 Expedition. 
 
 a 
 
 2 
 
Xxxii Authorities. 
 
 Vol. 
 
 L.J. St6ne's Life of Brant, 
 
 L.K. Stuart's Three Years in North America, 
 
 L.L. " Life of Jonathan Trumbull, Sen. 
 
 L.M. Swift's History of Middlebury, Vt. 
 
 L.M.M. Sylvester's Saratoga and Kay-ad-ros-se-ra. 
 
 An Historical address delivered at Saratoga, 
 
 July 4, 1876. 
 L.N. Tanguay's Dictionnaire Genealogique deg 
 
 Families Canadiennes, | 
 
 ^•0« " Manuscript for subsequent vols, of 
 
 same, in the Abbe Tanguay's possession, 
 
 Ottawa, Canada. 
 L.P. Tasse. Les Canadiens de I'Ouest, par Joseph, i 
 
 L.Q. Trumbull's Reminiscences of his own Times. 
 
 L.R. Tuttle's History of the Dominion of Canada. 
 
 L.S. United Service Journal. 1830, Part 1. 
 
 L.T. '« « 4* ,830, »« 2. 
 
 L.U. *' '* « ,835, *t ,. 
 
 L.V. " « .. ,835, - 3. 
 
 L.X. " " Magazine. 1865, »* 3. 
 
 L.Y. «* «• it ,868, « I. 
 
 L.Z. " " « ,869, " 2. 
 
 MA. " «« »« ,876, " 2. 
 
 M.B. «* « «. ,878, « 2. 
 
 M.C. Universal Magazine. London, 45 
 
 M.D. " " « 
 
 M.E. " " a 
 
 M.F. « « «t :^ 
 
 M.G. *» «« (t g 
 
Authorities, 
 
 XXXlll 
 
 M.H. 
 M.I. 
 M.J. 
 M.K. 
 
 M.L. 
 
 M.M. 
 
 M.N. 
 
 M.O. 
 
 M.P. 
 
 M.P.P. 
 
 M.Q. 
 
 M.R. 
 
 M.S. 
 
 M.T. 
 
 M.U. 
 
 M.V. 
 
 M.W. 
 
 M.X. 
 
 Universal Magazine. London, 
 
 ti 
 
 <t 
 
 « 
 
 II 
 
 (I 
 
 Upham's Memoir of Gen. John Glover. [In 
 vol. 5, of the Historical Collections of the 
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 Vermont, Records of the Governor and Coun- 
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 Idem 
 *' Historical Magazine, 
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 " Pioneer History of the Champlain 
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 Wrottesley. Life and Correspondence of Field 
 
 Marshal Sir John Burgoyne, Bart., by his 
 
 «on.in-law, Lieut. Col. the Hon. George 
 
 Wrottesley, Royal Engineers. 
 
 Vol. 
 62 
 
 63 
 
 64 
 
 1 
 
 t 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 6 
 8 
 
AN EXPLANATORY CHAPTER, 
 
 By the Editor. 
 
 On the loth of August, 1875, the editor pur- 
 chased of Mr. J. W. Bouton, the well known 
 bookseller of New York, two moroceo book 
 formed cases, which had just been received by 
 him from Mr. Henry Stevens, of London. They 
 were nearly eight inches high, about five inches 
 wide, and contained eight pocket memorandum 
 books two of which were a manuscript journal 
 kept bv Lieut. James M. Hadden of the Royal 
 Artillery, from his embarkation for Canada 
 March 4, 1776, to the close of the battle of 
 freeman's Farm, Sept. 19, 1777; Lieut. Hadden 
 having served under Gen. Carleton in Canada in 
 1776, and participated in Burgoyne's campaign 
 the following year. The other six memorandum 
 books were filled with copies of orders issued 
 during 1776, 1777, and the early part of 1778. 
 Inside the cover of one of the journal volumes 
 Mr. Stevens has written a few lines of descrip- 
 tion, and, after noting what they are, he goes on 
 as follows : — ^ 
 
 "I bought them in 1873 of Hall Pringle, Esq., 
 34 Bessborough Gardens, Pimlico, London, to- 
 
xxxvi Explanatory Chapter, , 
 
 gether with 6 MS. Orderly Books, ^77(>-^777t 
 kept by the same Capt. Hadden. These 8 vol- 
 umes were formerly in the possession of Wm. 
 Cobbett. 
 
 Henry Stevens 
 
 4 Trafalgar Square, London 
 Aug. 12, 1874." 
 
 Immediately upon acquiring these volumes the 
 editor addressed a note to Hall Pringle Esq., ask- 
 ing for any information he might be able to 
 afford in regard to them, or their former owner- 
 ship; but the enquiry failed to elicit a reply. 
 The journal contains inherent proof of its authen- 
 ticity, and it is here printed in full, with its maps, 
 just as it is, without any misleading, so called 
 emendations or corrections, in order that the 
 reader may have the full benefit of his own con- 
 clusions as to what manner of man Lieut. Had- 
 den was, so far, at least, as can be deduced from 
 his work. 
 
 The handwriting of the journal, a page of 
 which, reproduced in fac-simile, serves as the 
 frontispiece for this volume, corresponds exactly 
 with Lieut. Hadden's signature to the Cambridge 
 Parole. All cuts and maps to be found in this 
 volume, are fac- similes of the drawings and maps 
 contained in Lieut. Hadden's journal. 
 
 Though the Orderly Books are not in Lieut. 
 Hadden's writing, yet they have corrections by 
 
Explanatory Chapter, xxxvii 
 
 him, and, from their contents, it is clear that they 
 were copied by an orderly sergeant or a company 
 clerk for the use of an artillery officer. They 
 are respectively entitled on the covers : « Orders 
 Canada, 1776, Part i." Same, '^Part 2." ^'Or- 
 ders America, 1777." ''Extracts from General 
 Orders m Canada by Sir Guy Carleton, General 
 Burgoyne &c in 1776 and 1777.. Also Orders 
 ajter the Convention in New England:' Two are 
 duplicates, and are entitled ''Extracts from the 
 Brigade Orders of Major General Phillips in 
 Canada ^r," but the orders therein are not con- 
 fined to Canada, as some of them were issued 
 upon Burgoyne's campaign. All the orders con- 
 tained in these Orderly Books are not printed in 
 this volume, but only those that are not to be 
 found in Burgoyne's Orderly Book «, or are not 
 to be found there entire. 
 
 As this work will chiefly, if not solely, interest 
 the historical student, much care has been taken 
 to give the reader detailed information to enable 
 him to judge of its genuineness, and its value as a 
 contribution to history. The greater pains has 
 been taken in this respect, because Burgoyne's 
 Orderly Book purports to have been "printed from 
 the original manuscript deposited at Washington's 
 
 «. Orderly Book of Lieut.Gcn. John original n.ann«:ript depo«ted at W..I,. 
 
 of New York until hit surrender at Edited bv E B fi'f .lu k Zi A 
 Saratoga. i6th Oct.. ,777. Fron, th. SlSy. 'j. M.^!^ Si^'""' **-°' 
 
XXXV iii Explanatory Chapter, 
 
 Head-Quarters, Newburgh, N. Y. ; " * whereas a 
 comparison of the Hadden orders with those 
 contained in Burgoyne's Orderly Book, satisfied 
 the editor of this volume that that work was not 
 only not printed from the original manuscript, 
 but was printed from an extremely defective copy 
 of it: a conclusion strongly confirmed by a 
 critical examination of the so called "original 
 manuscript " itself The alleged " original man- 
 uscript " has more or less words and phrases 
 stricken out and others interlined, just such 
 errors as an inexpert copyist would be liable to 
 make, and presents a general appearance that at 
 once raises in the mind a question of its genuine- 
 ness ; unless, indeed, Burgoyne's Adjutant-Gen- 
 eral's office was incompetently conducted, — a 
 presumption entirely without proof, and which 
 Major Kingston's experience and reputation 
 would seem to forbid. As the general, or his 
 adjutant-general under his direction, composed 
 the orders which were carefully copied into the 
 Orderly Book by a clerk for preservation and 
 reference, an Headquarters Orderly Book would 
 present a neat and precise appearance. The 
 following extracts from Major James' Military 
 Dictionary, show clearly the mode of proceeding 
 
 b. Mr. E. M. Ruttenber, in referring N. Y., with Historical Sketch prepared 
 
 to the nianascript Burgoyne Orderly for the Trustees, under Act of May 1 1, 
 
 Book, No. 53, page 27, of hit " Cata- 1874," says: — "This is the Original 
 
 logae ot Manuscripts and Relict in Order Book." 
 Washington's Head-Quarters, Newburgh, 
 
Explanatory Chapter. xxxix 
 
 in issuing orders and multiplying copies of them 
 in the British army a hundred years ago "Gen- 
 eral Orders," he says, " are such as are issued 
 out by the general who commands, who gives 
 them in writing to the adjutant-general, who 
 farst sends exact copies to the general officers of 
 the day, and distributes them at his own quarters 
 to all the brigade-majors, who daily go to head- 
 quarters for that purpose, where they write down 
 everything that is dictated to them: from thence 
 they go and give the orders, at the place ap- 
 pointed for that purpose, to the different majors 
 or adjutants of the regiments which compose 
 that brigade, who first read them to their col- 
 onels and lieutenant-colonels, or majors, and 
 dien dictate them to the Serjeants of companies. 
 Thip IS more frequently done by the scrjeant- 
 major. The different Serjeants write them cor- 
 rectly down in their respective orderly-books, 
 and bring them to all the officers belonging to 
 the company. * * * 
 
 " Orderly non-commissioned officers, are those 
 who are orderly, or on duty for the week; who, 
 on hearing the drum beat for orders, are to re' 
 pair to the place appointed to receive them, 
 and to take down in writing, in the orderly 
 book, what is dictated by the adjutant or ser- 
 jeant-major; they are then immediately to show 
 those orders to the officers of the company, and 
 afterwards warn the men for duty. 
 
xl Explanatory Chapter, 
 
 «i 
 
 *Orderly-^0(?/^. Every company has such a 
 book in which the Serjeants write down both 
 general and regimental orders for the specific in- 
 formation of the officers and men. This book 
 is provided and paid for by the captains of com- 
 panies." 
 
 Then, too, in the printed Burgoyne*s Orderly 
 Book are parts of orders, that are not to be 
 found in the "original manuscript" at all, but 
 which have been taken verbatim and unacknowl- 
 edged, from a work published in London, in 1780, 
 entitled " A Supplement to the State of the Ex- 
 pedition from Canada, containing General Bur- 
 goyne's Orders, respecting the principal move- 
 ments and operations of the army to the raising 
 of the siege of Ticonderoga." For illustration 
 of this the reader is referred to the order herein- 
 after contained, dated Aug. 18, 1777, and to that 
 dated Oct 3, of the same year. The omissions, 
 likewise, in the Burgoyne's Orderly Book sup- 
 plied by the Hadden Orderly Books, do not speak 
 well for an " original manuscript." In the reg- 
 ular course of procedure, as shown by James, 
 there must have been a considerable number of 
 Orderly Books made by different officers for Bur- 
 goyne's army, and the copy at Washington's 
 Headquarters was, doubtless, one of them ; but 
 the original manuscript, or original orderly book, 
 was the one kept in the office of Burgoyne's adju- 
 tant-general, and we hazard nothing in saying 
 
i. 
 
 Explanatory Chapter, xli 
 
 that the manuscript orderly book at Washington's 
 Headquarters in Newburgh, is not that original 
 one. Mr. E. M. Ruttenber, of Newburgh, in- 
 formed the editor that the Burgoyne's Orderly 
 Book at Washington's Headquarters, formerly 
 belonged to Gen, James Clinton, who lived and 
 died at Little Britain, about eight miles from 
 Newburgh, N. Y. After his death his books 
 and papers passed to his son, James G. Clinton, 
 in whose hands they remained until his death, 
 when they were temporarily removed to the 
 residence of a friend. They subsequently went 
 to James Clinton Bolton, a grandson of Gen. 
 James Clinton, by whom they were presented, 
 with a number of other papers, to Washington's 
 Headquarters. 
 
 James Murray Hadden, the writer of the jour- 
 nal alluded to, was a son of Capt. John Hadden 
 of the Royal Marines.' He entered the Royal 
 Military Academy at Woolwich, as a gentleman 
 cadet, April 2, 1771, and was commissioned a 
 2d lieutenant in the Royal Regiment of Artillery 
 Jan. 26, 1774, and assigned to the Second Bat- 
 talion, then serving at Gibraltar and Minorca.* *' 
 While holding this rank he embarked at Eng- 
 land, in a government transport, for Quebec, 
 March 4, 1776, and landed at his place of desti- 
 nation on the 1 2th of July following. In Oct. 
 of that year, he had command of a gunboat on 
 Lake Champlain in the naval affair which ended 
 
xlii Explanatory Chapter, 
 
 in the destruction of the greater part of Gen. 
 Benedict Arnold's flotilla. The next spring he 
 participated in Burgoyne's campaign. When 
 the army arrived at Ticonderoga he and three 
 non-commissioned officers and thirty men were 
 detached from Capt. Borthwick's company, and 
 with this detachment he served throughout the 
 campaign ; the remainder of the company, with 
 Capt. Borthwick and First Lieut. Barnes, being 
 left at Ticonderoga to do garrison duty. July 
 26th, Lieut. Hadden with his detachment, 
 together with the rest of the artillery, and an in- 
 fantry force under Lieut.-Col. Anstruther of 
 the 62d Foot, were dispatched to capture Fort 
 George, — a task easily accomplished, as the 
 Americans abandoned it at the approach of the 
 British. July 30th, Lieut. Hadden, with his de- 
 tachment, was ordered to join Capt. Thomas 
 Jones' company in the Right Wing of the army, 
 and to this company he was attached during the 
 rest of the campaign. At the battle of Freeman's 
 Farm, Sept. 19th, Lieut. Hadden fired the first 
 shot from the main body of the British army; 
 and, during the early part of that bloody action, 
 his detachment served two guns on the left of the 
 62d Regiment. Of twenty-two artillerists under 
 him, nineteen were shortly either killed or 
 wounded, and while he was applying to Gen. 
 Hamilton for a supply of infantry to work his 
 guns, his cap was shot through at the front. 
 
A) 
 
 Explanatory Chapter, xliii 
 
 Being referred to Gen. Phillips he obtained a 
 reinforcement, with Capt. Jones to aid him ; but 
 the captain soon fell mortally wounded into his 
 arms, all the reinforcement were killed or 
 wounded, and the Americans swept over the 
 ground and captured the guns, -Lieut. Hadden 
 narrowly escaping being taken a prisoner. Later 
 m the day the guns were re-captured.* Capt 
 Jones, and Lieuts. Hadden and Reid, of this 
 company, were handsomely mentioned in Gen. 
 Fhillips official report of the artillery's share in 
 the engagement.^ These details have, for the 
 most part, been gathered from Lieut. Hadden's 
 own narrative. 
 
 Though the reason of his journal's terminating 
 with the account of the battle of Freeman's 
 1^ arm is unknown to us, yet it is highly prob- 
 able that the press of duties devolving upon him 
 by the death of his captain, he being the ranking 
 subaltern in the company, prevented its further 
 continuance. Lieut. Hadden became a prisoner 
 at the surrender at Saratoga, and his name is at- 
 tached to the Cambridge Parole When he was 
 exchanged is unknown, except that it must have 
 been before the the close of 1781, as his name is 
 tound in Gaines Universal Register for 1782 
 
 page 113 in the Brigade of Artillery under Si^ 
 Henry Clinton. 
 
 He became a ist lieutenant in the artillery 
 July 7, 1779, and adjutant of the First Battalion 
 
xliv Explanatory Chapter, 
 
 April 4, 1783, his successor having been ap- 
 pointed March 15, 1793- ^^ ^^^ promoted to 
 be a captain-lieutenant, March 7, 1784, and a 
 captain Aug. 15. i793'» ^^^ being No. i com- 
 pany, 2d Battalion, now "7" Battery, 21st Brig- 
 ade. The Royal Horse Artillery was formed 
 in 1793, Troops A and B having been ordered in 
 January of that year, and Troops C and D in 
 the following November, and Capt. Hadden was 
 appointed to Troop D.* As the Horse Artillery 
 was officered with great care, the selection of 
 Capt. Hadden for the command of a troop in it, 
 speaks well for his merit. He was also during 
 the year 1793, according to the Gtntleman's 
 Magazine\ selected by the Duke of Richmond, 
 then Master-General of the Ordnance, as his sec- . 
 retary. He became a major in the army March 
 I, 1794*, and about this time, or a little later, he 
 served on the home staff, as his successor as brig- 
 ade major-general to the forces in the Southern 
 District, under the command of Sir Charles 
 Grey, was gazetted Sept. 10, 1796.^ He re- 
 ceived the local rank of lieutenant-colonel in 
 Portugal only, Nov. 30, 1796, and he became a 
 lieutenant-colonel in the army, April 9, 1797. 
 There seems to be some confusion in regard to 
 the record of his appointments about this time. 
 The last two dates are from the Army Lists, 
 which are, of course, the highest authority. 
 Kane, in his Artillery List, states.—" He was 
 
Explanatory Chapter. xlv 
 
 brevetted Lieut-Colonel 9 Apr. 1797, out of the 
 regular course of succession, as Deputy Quarter 
 Master General to the Forces ;" and the London 
 Gazette, under date of Sept. 5, 1797, gives the 
 promotion of '' Major James Hadden, of the 
 royal artillery, to be adjutant general to the army 
 serving in Portugal, with the rank of lieutenant- 
 colonel in the army, vice Sir James St. Clair 
 Erskine, resigned." He was certainly adjutant- 
 general in Portugal, but exactly when, or for 
 how long, is not perfectly clear. 
 
 His subsequent promotions were as follows: 
 
 major in the artillery Aug. i, 1800 ; lieut-colonel 
 therein, Oct. 14, 1801 ; colonel in the army 
 Oct. 30, 1805; in the artillery June i, 1806; 
 and major-general June 4, 1811. From June 
 16, 1801, to Nov. 8, J 804, he served as secretary 
 to the Master-General of the Ordnance ; and from 
 July 5, 1804, to July 3, 18 10, as Surveyor-Gen- 
 eral of the Ordnance.* ' He died at Harpenden 
 Oct. 28, 1 8 17.7 He must have been an officer of 
 great merit, or he would never have received the 
 several staff appointments he held, at a time too, 
 when Capt. Duncan tells us, " it was too often 
 made a great favor on the part of the Master- 
 General to allow officers" (of the Royal Artillery) 
 " to be so employed." When he was appointed 
 Surveyor-GeneraloftheOrdnance— the third offi- 
 cer in rank in that important department — he 
 
xlvi Explanatory Chapter, 
 
 was only a licut.-colonel, and he succeeded a 
 lieut.-general. 
 
 Though sketches of those referred to in the 
 Journal and Orders, will be given in foot notes, 
 or the appendix, yet a brief comprehensive view of 
 the personnel of Burgoyne's officers, indicating 
 the character and composition of his army, may 
 not be without interest. When it is considered 
 that, even at the outset, Burgoyne's whole force, 
 including the sick, did not exceed 8,000 men, 
 only about half of whom were British regulars, 
 it must be admitted that rarely has so brilliant an 
 array of British officers been marshalled under 
 one commander, as that which followed Burgoyne 
 across Champlain, on his memorable expedition 
 of 1777. Among them were several English 
 and Scotch lords ^, four members of the House 
 of Commons f', and upwards of thirty, not in- 
 
 c. Thete were : — ». Alexander Lindtay, Earl of Bal- 
 
 I. Charles Stanhope. Vwcount Peter- carres, a Scotch peer, who WitS the 
 
 (ham, who was a captain in the a9th major of the 5 3d Foot. 
 Foot. He was only a titular Viscount, as 3. James Sandilands, Lord Torpichen, 
 
 his father was still living. Earls eldest a Scotch Baron, who was a second 
 
 ions bear a viKounty by courtesy, and, lieutenant in the aist Foot, or Royal 
 
 like the eldest sons of Dukes and North Britisli Fuzileers. 
 Marquises, take one, or other, of the 4. Francis Napier, Lord Napier, a 
 
 various secondary titles which their Scotch Baron, who was a lieutenant in 
 
 Others enjoy; and, in general, assume the 3iBt Foot." [»C. Y. ao»-ao6. 
 
 that which is next in degree to the >A. S : B. H.] 
 highest, except in cases where the first 
 
 and second, though of different degrees d. These were : — 
 in the peerage, are identical in name.' ist, Lieut.-Gen. John Burgoyne, M.P. 
 
 Thus Charles Stanhope's father was for Preston, in Lancaster. 
 Earl of Harrington, Viscount Petersham, ad. Maj.-Gen. William Phillips, M.P. 
 
 and Baron Harrington ; and Charles, for Boroughbridge, in York, 
 therefore, took by courtesy, the title of 3d. M'ajor John Dyke Acland, M.P. 
 
 Viscount Petcnham. for Callington, in Cornwall. 
 
u 
 
 Explanatory Chapter, xlvii 
 
 eluding the Germans, who subsequently became 
 general officers.^ 
 
 4th. Captain, the Viscount Peteriham, 
 MP. for Westminitter, in Middleiex. 
 
 Ai none of the Scotch Lords with 
 Burgoyne were representative peers, in 
 1777, they then, of course, had no seats 
 in the House of Lords. Wilicinson 
 is mistaken, in his Memoirs, when, in 
 spealcing of Sii Francis Carr Gierke, he 
 says, " Sir Francis * * was, I think, 
 a member of Parliament." Sir Francis 
 never had a seat in Parliament, though 
 there was a Sir Phillip Jennings Gierke 
 in the House ofConmons in 1777, as 
 well as prior and subsequent thereto. 
 
 The Rev. Dr. William Gordon in the 
 second volume of his History of the 
 American War, page 578, says, — 
 *' Among the prisoners taken were six 
 members of Parliament." As Gordon's 
 History was published in 1788, many 
 writers have since followed his state- 
 ment. Gordon, however, it is believed, 
 is in error, as there is a contemporaneous 
 paper, to be found in the New 
 Hampshire State Papers, vol. 8, page 
 
 708, entitled, " Account of the British 
 army under the command of Oen'l 
 Burgoin, who was entirely defeated by 
 our brave Americans," which is supposed 
 to have been forwarded or presented by 
 Col. Langdon to the New Hampshire 
 authorities, the very first item of which 
 is as follows, vis : — ** General Burgoyne 
 and staff, among which were four 
 members of Parliament." 
 
 The editor of this work, after a 
 diligent search of various authorities, is 
 unable to find more than the four 
 M.P 's enumerated at the beginning of 
 this note; though a number of Bur- 
 goyne's ofiicen were subsequently mem- 
 bers. In 1777 there were several 
 members, other than those above men- 
 tioned, bearing the names of some of 
 Burgoyne's officers, but they were, never- 
 theless, not those olficen, if the notes to 
 Beatson's Chronological Register arc 
 reliable authority, as they are believed to 
 be. [A. N. 59, 60, 132, 150, jio.j 
 
 (. The following list of officers on Burgoyne's campaign, who became general 
 officers in the British army, gives the rank they held at the beginning of that cam- 
 paign, and the date of their promotion as general officen in the highest grade they 
 attained. The regimental figures in all cases refer to regiments of foot, unleaa 
 otherwise stated. 
 
 Oenirals. 
 
 Henry Watson Powell, Lt.-Col. 53d, and Brig.-Oeneral, Jan. i, 1801. 
 
 JIames Hamilton, Lt.-Gol. list, and Brig.-General, April 29, 180a. 
 
 Earl of Balcarres, Major 53d, . Sept. 25, 1803. 
 
 Earl of Harrington 
 
 [Lord Petersham],Capt. 29th, and A. D. C, Sept. 25, 1803. 
 
 William ShirreflT, Capt. 47th, Sept. 25, 1803. 
 
 Gordon Forbes, Major 9th, Jan. i, 1812. 
 
 Paulus iCmilius Irving,Major 47th, Jan. i, 1812. 
 
 Ellis Walker, Capt. Royal Artillery, Jan. i, 1812. 
 
 William Maxwell, Capt. 20th, an. i, 1812. 
 
 James Henry Craig, Capt. 47th, an. i, 1812. 
 
 Alexander Campbell, Capt. 62d, Jan. 1, 181 2. 
 \ John Money, Capt. 9th, and Dep. QV Muter General, June 4, 18 14. 
 
xlviii Explanatory Chapter. 
 
 Burgoyne himself was a polished gentleman of 
 good family. He was connected with the aris- 
 tocracy, having married a daughter of the 
 eleventh Earl of Derby. He was an ambitious 
 writer, and a popular dramatist. He was an 
 effective speaker, and had taken an active part in 
 the House of Commons, of which he was then a 
 member. He was, withal, a gallant cavalry 
 commander that had seen service, and, by a bold 
 and successful dash in Portugal, had won much 
 
 John A. Harris, Capt. 34th, 
 
 Richard Rich Wilford, Lieut. 2d, and A. D. C, 
 Capt. 3i8t, and A. D. C, 
 Capt.-Lieut. Royal Artillery, 
 Lieut, Royal Engineers, 
 Ensign Z4th, 
 
 Charles Green, 
 Thomas Blomeiield, 
 William Twiss, 
 Quia John Freeman, 
 
 June 4, 1 8 14. 
 June 4, 1 8 14. 
 Aug. 12, 1819. 
 Jan. 19, 1821. 
 May 17, 1825. 
 July 22, 1830. 
 
 LlEOTBNANT GeNERALS. 
 
 Col. 1 6th Dragoons, Maj. Gen. in the army 
 
 and Lieut.-Gen. in America, Aug. 29, 1777. 
 
 Capt. 47th, Sept. 25, 1863. 
 
 Capt Roys! Artillery, Jan. i, 1805. 
 
 Lieut. 62d, June 4, 1813. 
 
 Ensign 47th, June 4, 18 14. 
 
 Lieut. 20th, Aug. 12, 18 19. 
 
 Lieut. 24th, Aug. 12, 1 8 19. 
 
 2d Lieut. Royal Artillery, Aug. 12, 18 19. 
 
 2d Lieut. Royal Artillery, July 19, 1821. 
 
 Major Generals. 
 William Phillips, Major Royal Artillery, Colonel in the army. 
 
 John Burgoyne, 
 
 Richard England, 
 William Borthwick, 
 Gonville Bromhead, 
 William Buchanan, 
 Daniel O'Meara, 
 William Doyle, 
 Edward Howarth, 
 Samuel Rimington, 
 
 Mackay Hugh Baillie, 
 John Barnes, 
 John Keymis, 
 James M. Hadden, 
 Robert Kingston, 
 
 and Maj. Gen. in America, 
 Lieut. 20th, 
 
 1st Lieut. Royal Artillery, 
 Lieut. 9th, 
 
 2d Lieut. Royal Artillery, 
 Capt. of Invalids, Maj. in the army, and 
 
 Dep. Adj. Gen., 
 
 Aug. 29, 1779. 
 Jan I, 1798- 
 Oct, 25, 1809. 
 June 4, 1811. 
 June 4, 181 1. 
 
 June 4, 1 8 14. 
 
 It ii, by no means. Improbable that some of Burgoyne's officers who attained the 
 rank of major-general, or higher, have been omitted in the preceding lists. [B. Ht 
 A. T. 118 etfott: F. O.] 
 
Explanatory Chapter, xlix 
 
 prestige. Such a leader naturally attracted a 
 brilliant staff. His adjutant-general was after- 
 wards a major-general ; and his quarter-master 
 general, Capt. John Money, and one of his aids, 
 Lieut. Richard Rich Wilford/, subsequently be- 
 came generals in the army, the latter likewise 
 becoming an aid-de-camp to the king. His sec- 
 retary, Capt. Sir Francis Carr Gierke, was a 
 baronet who was esteemed one of the most 
 promising young officers in the service, and who 
 proved his heroism with his life, which he lost 
 at the battle of Bemus' Heights. His super- 
 numerary aid-de-camp, Capt. Charles Stan- 
 hope, Viscount Petersham, afterwards the third 
 Earl of Harrington, had, in his veins, " noble 
 blood enough to have inoculated half the king- 
 
 /. Richard Rich Wilford entered the of Light Dragoons; and April 2, 1794, 
 
 British army Oct. 4, 1770, as an ensign he exchanged into the 3d, or Prince of 
 
 in the 2d, or Queen's Royal Regiment Wales' Regiment of Dragoon Guards, 
 
 of Foot, which was then stationed at He became a colonel in the army, and 
 
 Gibraltar; and he was promoted to a aid-decamp to the king, Feb. 26, 1795 ; 
 
 lieutenancy Dec. 16, 1771. He ac- and a brigadier in the West Indies only, 
 
 companied Burgoyne, as an aid de-camp, on the 3d of the following September, 
 
 to America, in 1775, '77^ *"■! '777» He was commissioned colonel of the 
 
 returning with him to England, ths first York Hussars, a newly raised regiment 
 
 twoyears, to spend the winter. He served oi light dragoons, July i, 1796, and he 
 
 throughout Burgoyne's camp.iign ; shared became a major-general Jan. J, 1798. 
 
 in his surrender; and signed the Cam- His regiment was reduced in 1802, when 
 
 bridge parole. He was advanced to a he went upon half-pay, but returned to 
 
 captaincy in the 2d Foot March 26, active service again April 2, 1804, as the 
 
 1778 ; exchanged into the 9th Dragoons colonel of the 25th (Light) Dragoons. 
 
 Aug. 20, 1782; and became major of He became a licut. general Jan. i, 
 
 the 3d Horse, or Carabineers, in Ireland, 1805 ; the colonel of the 7th (or Princess - 
 
 May 6, 1783; which latter regiment Royal's) Regiment of Dragoon Guards^ 
 
 subsequently became the 6th Dragoon Nov. 20, 1813 ; ageneral June 4, 1814; 
 
 Guards. Oct. 31, 1789, he was pro- and he died in Dec, 1822. [B. H : 
 
 moted to the lieutenant-colonelcy of the A. T. 155 : C. V. 367.] 
 8th, or the King's Royal Irish Regiment 
 
 % 
 
1 Explanatory Chapter. 
 
 dom." He was a kinsman of the celebrated 
 Philip Dormer Stanhope, fourth Earl of Chester- 
 field. Both his father and his grandfather had 
 been generals in the army. His grandfather, 
 the first Earl of Harrington, had likewise been 
 Lord President of the Council, Secretary of State 
 twice. Viceroy of Ireland, and had filled several 
 important diplomatic positions. Through his 
 mother, who was the eldest daughter of the 
 second Duke of Grafton, he was directly de- 
 scended from royalty, as his great grandfather, 
 the first Duke of Grafton, was an illegitimate 
 son of Charles H, by the Duchess of Cleveland. 
 Though his lineage doubtless gained him many 
 honors, he seems to have deserved them, and he 
 became a general in the army, and the colonel of 
 the First Regiment of Life Guards, besides 
 holding with credit, many distinguished civil 
 and military positions. 
 
 Burgoyne's second in command. Major Gen- 
 eral William Phillips, of the Royal Artillery, was 
 likewise at this time a member of Parliament. 
 As a soldier he had had much experience and 
 had won high distinction in Germany. He ren- 
 dered conspicuous service at the famous battle of 
 Minden, in 1759, where he commanded the 
 British artillery. At VVarberg, the next year, he 
 astounded every one by bringing up the artillery 
 on a gallop at a critical moment, which then 
 seemed, — so unwieldy was the movement of ar- 
 
Explanatory Chapter. li 
 
 tillery in the field during the Seven Years War, — 
 ahout as remarkable as transporting artillery in 
 balloons would now appear. Gen. Phillips' staflF 
 was little less distinguished than that of his chief. 
 His aid-de-camp, Capt. Charles Green'' '°, and 
 his chief engineer, Lieut. William Twiss, both 
 became generals, the former likewise winning a 
 baronetcy by his meritorious services. His 
 major of brigade, Capt. Thomas Blomefield of 
 the Royal Artillery, afterwards became a lieut.- 
 general in the army, and, in 1807, commanded 
 the artillery at the siege and capture ot Copen- 
 hagen, for which he was thanked by both Houses 
 of Parliament, and created a baronet. 
 
 Burgoyne's Brigadiers were tried and ex- 
 perienced soldiers. Simon Fraser, the lieut.- 
 colonel of the 24th Foot, who commanded the 
 Advance, or Light, Brigade, was an object of ad- 
 miration to Burgoyne's whole army. At the 
 battle of Bemus' Heights, on the 7th of October, 
 so conspicuously efficient was he in inspiriting 
 the British troops, that the Americans deemed his 
 death necessary for victory, and he soon fell mor- 
 tally wounded, the victim of one of Morgan's 
 sharpshooters. Burgoyne said of the deceased 
 general — " As a soldier I avow a pride in having 
 possessed Brigadier Fraser's esteem. * * * 
 Devoted to glory and prodigal of life, earnest for 
 the general success of the campaign, and par- 
 ticularly anxious for every plan adopted by the 
 
Hi Explanatory Chapter. 
 
 man he loved, he grudged a danger or care in 
 other hands than his own." James Hamihon, 
 the lieut.-coloncl of the 2ist, or Royal North 
 British Fuzileers, who commanded the First 
 Brigade, and John Watson Powell, the lieut.- 
 colonel of the 53d, who commanded the Second 
 Brigade, had both been soldiers for more than 
 twenty years, and both afterwards became gen- 
 erals in the army. As the latter was posted at 
 Ticonderoga at the time of Burgoyne's surrender, 
 he escaped the fate of his chief. 
 
 The Earl of Balcarres, who commanded the 
 light infantry companies in Eraser's Brigade, suc- 
 ceeded to the command of that brigade, and also 
 to the dead Eraser's regimental rank. He like- 
 wise became a distinguished soldier, attained the 
 rank of general in the army, and for thirty vears 
 had a seat in the House of Lords as one of the 
 representative peers of Scotland. 
 
 Major John Dyke Acland, a member of Par- 
 liament, who commanded the grenadiers in the 
 Light Brigade, was the eldest son of a baronet 
 who traced his lineage back, it is said, to the 
 middle of the twelfth century. His wife, the 
 third daughter of the first Earl of Ilchester, and 
 one of the most romantic figures in our Revolu- 
 tionary struggle, accompanied him on his cam- 
 paign. The grenadiers were well commanded 
 for desperate fighting, and their valor is illus- 
 
Explanatory Chapter. liii 
 
 trated by a sentence from Wilkinson, who was 
 an eye witness, and who, in writing of the battle 
 of Bemus' Heights, says — *' In the square space 
 of twelve or fifteen yards lay eighteen grenadiers 
 in the agonies of death, and three officers propped 
 up against stumps of trees, two of them mortally . 
 wounded, bleeding, and almost speechless." One 
 of these officers was Major Acland, who was 
 twice wounded on Burgoyne's campaign, and 
 who, on being paroled the following winter, 
 returned to England, with a shattered constitution, 
 to linger for a few months, for he died before 
 the close of 1778, and thus prematurely closed 
 what, had life been prolonged, could hardly have 
 failed to have been a brilliant career..^ 
 
 g. The family of Acland is of great where Sir Guy Carleton, on the 6th of 
 
 antiquity. Major John Dyke Acland June, appointed him to command the 
 
 was the eldest son of Sir Thomas Acland, grenadiers.* He served that year in 
 
 Bart., by his wife, Elizabeth, only daughter Canada, and participated in Burgoyne's 
 
 and heir of Thomas Dyke, Esq., of campaign the following year. Com- 
 
 Tetton, in Somersetshire.' He was born maiiding the grenadiers he was ever in 
 
 February 21, 1747,=* and entered the the advance, and was wounded at the 
 
 British army as an ensign in the 33d battle of Hubbardton, having been shot 
 
 Foot, March 23, 1774. He purchased in the thighs ; and, again, at Bemus' 
 
 speedy promotion, for, being allowed to Heights, where he was shot through the 
 
 jump the grade of lieutenant, he was ad- thick part of both legs, and taken pris- 
 
 vanced to a captaincy in the 33d, March oner.*- 7 
 
 ^S^i* I77S» *"^ '° '*** m.ijoiity of the Lady Harriet Acland, who was born 
 aoth Foot, on the i6th of the following January 3d, 1750, accompanied her 
 December.3 In 1771, he married husband to America ; and many interest- 
 Christian Harriet Caroline Fox Strang- ing detdils about the major and his wife 
 ways, third daughter of the first Earl of are to be found in the State of the Ex- 
 Ilchesterj the Earl, whose family surname pedition, Wilkinson's .Memoirs, Lamb's 
 was Fox, having, in pursuance of a deed journal of the American War, Mrs. 
 of settlement on his marriage with the General Riedesel's Journal and Letters, 
 heiress of the Strangways, assumed their and in two very entertaining articles en- 
 name and arms.' titled respectively, " Lady and Major 
 
 Major .Acland accompanied his regi- Acland," in the Magazine of American 
 
 ment to Canada in the spring of 1776, History for January, 1880, and " Lady 
 
liv 
 
 Explanatory Chapter. 
 
 Capt. Alexander Fraser, a nephew of Brigadier 
 General Fraser, commanded the British sharp- 
 shooters, which Burgoyne denominates " the 
 select light corps of the army, composed of 
 chosen men from all the regiments, and com- 
 manded by Captain Fraser, one of the most dis- 
 tinguished officers in his line of service that ever 
 I met with." 
 
 Harriet Acland," in Upf'tncotd Mag- 
 atint for Oct., 1879, ^'^^ from the pen 
 of Mr. William L. Stone. Lady Harriet 
 bad a brother, the Hon. Stephen Digby 
 Strangways, who wai a captain in the 
 Xfth, and was wounded October 7, 1777, 
 in the (ame action in which her husband 
 was wounded.^ 
 
 Geo. Gates thus wrote to Gen. Put- 
 nam, at appears by a draft of a letter 
 found among the Gates Papers: — 
 
 '• Albany, Z3d Decern; 1777. 
 *' Dear Sir : I have Granted a pass 
 to Major Ackland, and His Lady The 
 Honourable Lady Harriet Ackland, with 
 their servants to go into New York, 
 convinced it will be for the Interest of 
 the United Sutes that they should be 
 permitted to go there in their way to 
 England, with all convenient Expedition. 
 The Major, who in the strictest sense of 
 that Character, is a Man of Honour, has 
 promised me to use his utmost endeavours 
 to procure the Enlargement of Col. 
 Ethan Allen, in return for the Indul- 
 fcence I now grant Him, and his Family. 
 The particular situation of the Honour- 
 able Lady Ackland, makes the Major 
 the more desirous of immediately geting 
 into New York as soon as possible. 
 That Favour to Her Ladyship at this 
 Critical Juncture will the mere enhance 
 the Obligation, and be the strangest in- 
 ducement to The Major to exert all hit 
 Idtered to procure the release of Col. 
 
 Allen and his restoration to his afflicted 
 Family. I beg you will not sufier the 
 Major to be delayed as I shall directly 
 upon my Arrival at Yorktown, transmit 
 you their Approbation of His being al- 
 lowed to pass thither. 
 
 " I am Sir, Sec, 
 
 " H. G." 
 
 The major, on being released, at once 
 procieded to New York with bis wife, 
 where a son was born early the next 
 years, and whence they returned to Eng- 
 land. Major Acland represented Cal- 
 lington, County of Cornwall, in Parlia- 
 ment, at the time of his death, having 
 been elected to the 14th Parliament, 
 which commenced its first session Nov. 
 29th, 1774'° J and his parliamentary 
 speeches ' in 1775, show that he held 
 pronounced tory views in regard to the 
 American war. He died at Pixton, in 
 Somersetshire, Nov. 22d, 1778." So 
 many contradictory statements have been 
 made in regard to hit death, that a con- 
 temporaneous account, taken trom the 
 London Chronicle of Dec. 5-8, 1778, 
 and seeming to bear the impress of au- 
 thenticity, is here inserted in Aill. and it 
 as follows : — 
 
 " Saturday last, the 29th ult., were 
 interred in the family vault at Broadclift 
 in Devon, amidst the tears of a grateful 
 country, the beloved and respected remaint 
 of John Dyke Acland, Esq., colonel of 
 the first regiment of Devonihire militia 
 
Explanatory Chapter. 
 
 Iv 
 
 Capt. James Henry Craig, of the 47th, one of 
 the officers entrusted with making arrangements 
 for the surrender at Saratoga, who was wounded 
 both at Bunker Hill, and at Hubbardton, after- 
 wards became a lieut.-general in the army, Gov- 
 ernor of the Cape of Good Hope, and Governor 
 General of Canada, and received the order of the 
 Bath." 
 
 and Major of the 20th regiment of foot. 
 Such untrue accounts have been circu- 
 lated of an affiir that happened with a 
 Mr. Lloyd previous to Col. Ackland's 
 last fatal illness, that it becomes nec- 
 essary to assure the Pu!)lic the dispute 
 did not originate from a private quarrel 
 or misunderstanding. Mr. Lloyd was 
 not of Col. Ackland's acquaintance, and 
 absolute necessity could only reconcile 
 such a measure to the Colonel's excellent 
 understanding. , Mr. Lloyd called on 
 him, as Colonel of the ist regiment of 
 Devonshire militia, to answer for the 
 corps declining his company at the public 
 mess before, as well as after, the Colonel's 
 return from America, which he consid- 
 ered as the occasion of the universal 
 neglect he experienced. In consequence 
 of a demand so extraordinary, the Colonel 
 received the fire of a pistol from Mr. 
 Lloyd, and snapped both his pistols in 
 return. A friend of Mr. Lloyd's then 
 interposed, and Mr. Lloyd acknowledging 
 he had no personal cause of complaint, 
 and was sorry for what had happened, 
 the affair thus ended. Col. Ackland re- 
 turned home by the usual time of break- 
 fast, and was amusing himself in 
 directing some improvements about his 
 place, to all appearance as well as for 
 tome days before, when he was seized 
 to suddenly, that, though standing be- 
 tween his particular friends, they could 
 not prevent his receiving injury from a 
 fall. After this seizure there remained 
 
 little hope, though he continued till 
 the fourth day. The exertions of hit 
 active mind and the severity of two 
 American campaigns had entirely ex- 
 hausted a good constitution, and hit 
 fannily, country, and fiends, are left to 
 lament a loss that must forever be de- 
 plored." 
 
 Major Acland left two children, named 
 respectively, John, and Elizabeth Kitty, 
 John succeeded his grandfather as eighth 
 baronet, in 1785, but dying the same year 
 without issue, the baronetcy and a portion 
 of the estates reverted to his uncle 
 Thomas, whose grandson is the present, 
 or eleventh baronet. The daughter, 
 Elizabeth Kitty, received a portion of the 
 family estates at her brother's death j and 
 on the 26th of April, 1796, she married 
 Henry George, second Earl of Carnar- 
 von. She died the 5th of March, 1831, 
 leaving two sons and three daughters ; 
 and one of her grandsons is the fourth or 
 present earl.' 
 
 Lady Harriet Acland died July 11, 
 18 1 5, after thirty-seven years of widow- 
 hood, for she never married again. 
 Wilkinson, in his Memoirs, vol. I, p. 377, 
 and Fonblanque, in his biography of 
 Burgoyne, page 302, state that Lady 
 Harriet married Chaplain Brudenel, who 
 accompanied her on her night adventure 
 to join her wounded husband after the 
 battle of Bemus' Heights ; and the for- 
 mer also says that she became insane 
 after Major Adand's death. Mr. W. 
 
Ivi 
 
 Explanatory Chapter, 
 
 The British artillery with Burgoyne was com- 
 manded by Major Griffith Williams, who attained 
 the rank of colonel in the Royal Regt. of Ar- 
 tillery, and who commanded the artillery at 
 Gibraltar during the latter part of its great siege. 
 Of some twenty-two officers of the Royal Ar- 
 tillery with Burgoyne, six became general officers. 
 One of them, afterwards Sir Edward Howarth, 
 commanded the artillery at the battles of Tala- 
 vera, Busaco, and Fuentes d'Onor, on the Penin- 
 sula under the Duke of Wellington, for which 
 he was rewarded with a medal with two clasps, 
 and made a Knight Commander of the Bath. 
 
 The Germans with Burgoyne under the veteran 
 Riedesel, had many experienced officers, like Gall, 
 and Specht, and Baum, and Breymann. Rather 
 than surrender, Baum fought infantry with the 
 sabres of his dismounted dragoons at Bennington, 
 
 L. Stone, however, has effectually ex- 
 ploded both these fictions, in the arti- 
 cles already alluded to. Gen, Gates, 
 in writing to his wife, said of Lady 
 Harriet — " She is the most amiable, de- 
 licate piece of quality you ever beheld " j " 
 and a writer in the Gentleman's Magazine 
 says, — " the person of her Ladyship was 
 highly polished and delicate, and her 
 manners elegantly feminine. "'3 
 
 Major Acland was, undoubtedly, one 
 of the bravest of the many distinguished 
 ofEcers that accompanied Burgoyne j and 
 the fact that he was twice wounded in a 
 tingle campaign, shows the imminence of 
 his danger. Gen. Gates spoke of him, as 
 " ■ learned sensible man though a con- 
 
 founded Tory.'" The Baroness Riede- 
 sel's '* reflection upon his intemperate 
 habits, must, probably, be taken with con- 
 siderable allowance; for, otherwise, he 
 could not have won, and, certainly, could 
 not have retained the favor and position he 
 seems to have achieved. His gallantry 
 with his ancient lineage and powerful 
 connections, would doubtless have rapidly 
 pushed him onward and upward, had hii 
 life been longer spared. ['B. R. *D, 
 S. I02. 3B. H. 4F. E. 8. 50. 332. 
 6B. N. 127. 7M. T. 269. "C. X: 
 G. V. 176. 9H. I. 294. «oA. N. 59, 
 60. "D. V. 551. "F. W. 9. '3E. 
 L. 186. MK. L. 120.] 
 
Explanatory Chapter, Ivii 
 
 till mortally wounded.^ Breymann redeemed his 
 reputation, sullied by his failure to relieve Baum, 
 by the valor with which he defended his redoubt 
 at Bemus* Heights, and which was only cap- 
 tured after his fall, by the fiery Arnold, who was 
 wounded in the assault. 
 
 Though the Provincials and Canadians with 
 Burgoyne, like the volunteers in our late civil 
 war, receive but slender praise from the regulars, 
 yet there were some able officers among them, 
 like the brothers Jessup, Lieut.-Colonel John 
 Peters, and Capt. Justin Sherwood. The latter 
 was a man of culture and commanded a company 
 in Peters' Corps ; and, in the words of Burgoyne, 
 " was forward in every service of danger to the 
 end of the campaign." Subsequently he was one 
 of the instrumentalities Gen. Haldimand, the 
 British Governor of Canada, used in his attempt 
 to seduce Ethan Allen and many of the leading 
 men of the Hampshire Grants from their allegi- 
 ance to the American cause. 
 
 " The Canadians," Burgoyne tells us, " were 
 officered by gentlemen of great condition in 
 their country." M. de Lanaudiere, a Canadian 
 
 h. Riedesel, in writing of Baum and this way he endeavoured to cut his way 
 
 the regiment of dragoons at the battle of through the third time ;" and Max Von 
 
 Bennington, says^-" Twice he cut his Eelking adds, " but bravery was now in 
 
 way through the enemy. None of the vain, and tlie heroic leader, himself 
 
 dragoons having another shot, he ordered severely wounded, was forced to surrender 
 
 them to sling their guns over their with his dragoons." [K. M. 131, 151.] 
 shoulders and draw their swords. In 
 
Iviii Explanatory Chapter, 
 
 officer, had been Sir Guy Carleton's atd-de-camp 
 a year and a half before. He had accompanied 
 Sir Guy on his night escape from Montreal to 
 Quebec, who had thus avoided capture by 
 Montgomery, — an escape that doubtless prevented 
 the Americans from effecting the conquest of 
 Canada. 
 
 Burgoyne's Indians, from whom so much was 
 anticipated and so little realized, were under La 
 Come St. Luc, in Burgoyne's words, " a Canadian 
 gentleman of honour and parts, and one of the 
 best partizans the French had last war." He 
 had been present at Baron Dieskau's defeat in 
 1755 ; and in the French expedition against 
 Fort William Henry, in 1757, ^^ ^*^ command 
 of the Indians of the Left Column, and had 
 witnessed the massacre of the garrison, after its 
 surrender. He was with Montcalm on the 
 Plains of Abraham when defeated by Wolfe ; 
 and, for years under the French regime, he had 
 been Superintendent of the Indians in Canada. 
 The second in command of Burgoyne's Indians 
 was Charles de Langlade, a Canadian officer who 
 had projected and achieved the defeat of Gen. 
 Braddock with some of the very nations that 
 served under Burgoyne.* 
 
 f. LetCMnatUtmi detOuestfpar Joteph Mrs. Sarah Fairchild Dean, it to be 
 
 Tatii, vol. I, p. 73 [2 volf. Montrea), found in vol. tii of the Witcontin 
 
 1878], (onuins a memoir of Charles Historical Society's Collections, at page 
 
 de Langlade, a translation of which, by 1x3. 
 
Explanatory Chapter. lix 
 
 The strength of Burgoyne's army when it 
 crossed Champlain, as authenticated by its adiu- 
 tant-general, was as follows : '» 
 
 total Rank and File \st of July, 1777. 
 
 [Sick included.] . ' 
 
 British 
 
 542 
 528 
 
 528 
 
 524 
 537 
 541 
 
 9th 
 
 regiment 
 
 20th 
 
 <t 
 
 2lSt 
 
 i< 
 
 24th 
 
 « 
 
 47th 
 
 « 
 
 SZ^ 
 
 (( 
 
 62d 
 
 « 
 
 Grenadiers and light infantry compani 
 from 29th, 31st and 34th regiments 
 
 329 
 
 Left in Canada out of the above ^^Jx 
 
 British Total 3.724 
 Germans, ist July ,7,- 
 Leftin Canada ^ ^^2? 
 
 For the campaign, Germans ^ 0,5 
 
 Regular troops, total ^ 
 
he Explanatory Chapter, 
 
 Garrison left out of the above at 
 
 Ticonderoga. 
 British rank ^nd file 462 
 
 German rank and file 448 910 
 
 To force a passage to Albany 5 830 
 
 ist July, British artillery ' 257 
 
 German artillery 100 
 
 Bat men, servants, &c in the above. 
 
 Recruits under Lieut. Nutt 154 
 
 Canadians 148 
 
 Indians never more than 500 
 
 Before Septemb. fell off to 90 
 
 Provincials at most 682 
 
 I St October, no more than 456 
 
 In September the additional companies 
 joined near Fort Miller, in all 300 
 
 The British troops with Burguyne, therefore, 
 consisted of seven regimental organizations, the 
 light companies of three others, and a detach- 
 ment of 154 recruits under Lieut. Nutt of the 
 33d. The British artillery, though only equal 
 to about two and a half companies, comprised 
 enlisted men from both the Royal, and the 
 Irish Artillery, but all the officers' belonged to 
 the former. The artillery officers were largely 
 in excess of the complement of enlisted men 
 with them, so that Lieut. Nutt*s whole detach- 
 
Explanatory Chapter, Ixi 
 
 ment was detailed to serve as artillerists. Not- 
 withstanding Burgoyne had seven regimental 
 organizations, it is doubtful if he had a single 
 whole regiment, as fifty men from each of six of 
 his regiments were ordered to remain in Canada 
 for its defence, and as the adjutant-general's 
 report shows that the number actually left 
 behind, was 343, it is probable that a detachment 
 was likewise left from the 24th, although Lord 
 Germaine's order in regard to leaving detach- 
 ments in Canada, did not apply to the 24th. 
 With the present ideas of military organization, 
 it seems a little difficult to understand why the 
 battalion companies, or as many as were re- 
 quired, of a single regiment, were not taken for 
 this purpose, instead of a detachment being 
 broken off from tiach regimental organization. 
 The same fragmentary, or disintegrating process 
 was also followed with regard to the Germans, 
 for the same purpose. / 
 
 The regiments themselves, however, were of 
 the highest character. The organization of most 
 
 J. Maj. Gen. Riedetfl gives ut a clue the different regiments composed of those 
 
 to the reason of detachments drawn from recruits and invalids that are too young 
 
 each regiment being used for garrison or feeble to stand the hardships of a 
 
 duty. The Regiment of Prince Frederick campaign."' It is possible that this 
 
 was reputed to be the best of all the reason had its weight at the beginning of 
 
 German regiments, and Gen. Riedesel the next campaign, it speaks poorly for 
 
 wrote to Gen. Carleton from La Prairie, the health and morale of the Germans, 
 
 under date of September 31, 1776, as and as tne young, sick and feeble were 
 
 follows : — " I wish your excellency would not alone detached, but a given number 
 
 kindly allow Prince Frederick's regiment firom each regiment, the general's sugges- 
 
 to rejoin the army. Its place in the tion could have been but a portion of the 
 
 garrison at Quebec could be quickly reason for detaching from each organisa- 
 
 replaced by drawing detachments from tion. ['K.. M. 6z.] 
 
Ixii Explanatory Chapter, 
 
 of them reached back to the beginning of the 
 century, and three of them extended into a prior 
 one ; while the two youngest of all were more than 
 twenty years old. The records of some of these 
 regiments were full of glory; so that traditional 
 association united with military discipline to 
 elevate the morale of their members and to incite 
 them to enthusiastic emulation. The record of 
 Burgoyne's oldest regiment, the 2ist, or Royal 
 North British Fuzileers, will serve as an illustra- 
 tion.* It was raised in Scotland, in 1 678, during 
 the reign of Charles II, and was first called into 
 action, the following year, at Bothwell Bridge. 
 In 1685, it assisted in defeating the Duke of 
 Monmouth's army in Devonshire, when that 
 nobleman attempted to usurp the British throne. 
 
 k. Numerical titles of British regi- was substantially increased in 1740 ; but 
 ments were not generally used until the in 1748-49 all junior to the present 49tb, 
 reign of King George II.' The numer- were reduced. In 1755 another large 
 ical designation of a British regiment addition to the army was made, both by 
 does not, in all cases, indicate its com- forming new regiments, and by joining 
 parative age, though it does so in regard additional battalions to the old organiza- 
 to the first six regiments of foot. The tioni. In 1758 the new battalions were 
 numerical designations of regiments were detached from the old, and were re- 
 first determined by a board of officers numbered as separate regiments, and the 
 auembled by order of King William III, other recently formed regiments were 
 in 1694. This board further recom- then likewise renumbered; but at the 
 mended that all regiments, raised in peace of 1763, a reduction took place as 
 future, should take rank from the date far as the 70th. During our Revolu- 
 upon which they were placed on the tionary War and the war between Great 
 English establishment. This recommen- Britain, France and Spain, growing out of 
 dation was confirmed in 1713-15, 1751, our struggle, the British army was again 
 and 1768. The regiments raised pre- largely increased. At the peace of 1783 
 Ttous to the reign of Queen Anne, were it was proposed to reduce the number of 
 thus numbered from i to 27. Those Line Regiments to 64, but the reduction 
 raised during Queen Anne's reign were was not carried beyond the present 73d.* 
 numbered from 18, upwards. All junior [<G. E. p. 7. •B. H : L. X. X38, 
 to the present 39th, were reduced in ti pott.'\ 
 1712-13. The number of regimenti 
 
' Explanatory Chapter, Ixiii 
 
 It took part in the battle of Killikranky, in 1 689 ; 
 and the next year it embarked for Flanders and 
 had a share in many memorable victories where 
 King William commanded in person. At the 
 conclusion of the treaty of Ryswick, in 1697, it 
 returned to Great Britain; but, in 1702, it again 
 embarked for the continent, where, under the 
 great Duke of Marlborough, it shared in most of 
 the actions of the war, particularly at Blenheim, 
 in 1 704, where its colonel was killed ; at Ramillies, 
 in 1706; at Oudenarde, in 1708; and at Mal- 
 plaquet, in 1709, where it again lost its colonel. 
 After the peace of Utrecht it returned to Scotland 
 and participated in the battle of SherifFmuir, 
 which put an end to the rebellion of 171 5. For 
 several years it remained in Scotland, and for a 
 brief period in England ; but it again embarked 
 for Flanders in 1741. It was in the front line 
 at Dettingen, in 1743, and it was at Fontenoy, in 
 174 J, where it suffered so severely that it brought 
 but two officers off the field. The regiment be- 
 ing much depleted, was sent first to Bruges, and 
 then to Ostend, at which latter place it was cap- 
 tured by the French. Its next service was to 
 aid in quelling the rebellion of 1745, at the battle 
 of . Culloden. In 1746 it embarked once more 
 for Flanders, and it was present at the battle of 
 Val, in 1746, and in that of Lafeldt, in 1747. 
 The peace of Aix la Chapelle brought it back to 
 Great Britain, but, in 1749, it went to Gibraltar, 
 
Ixiv Explanatory Chapter, 
 
 where it spent upwards of eight years. In 1761 
 it participated in the capture of Belleisle, on the 
 coast of France, and then proceeded to the 
 Mobile, remaining in America till 1772. Early 
 in the spring of 1776 it again started for Amer- 
 ica, with the troops intended to relieve Gen. 
 Carleton at Quebec. It assisted in driving the 
 Americans from Canada, and, in 1777, shared the 
 fortunes of Burgoyne. This concluded its service 
 during the American Revolution, as it was not 
 exchanged till 1781. Its subsequent services 
 concern us but little. Though inscribing upon 
 the regim.ental flag the names of victories in 
 which a regiment has shared, is of comparatively 
 recent date, yet the colors of the 21st now bear 
 upon them, the Thistle, with the Circle of St. 
 Andrew, and the legend " Nemo me impune laces- 
 sit^' together with the King's Cypher and 
 Crown, and the names — *' Bladensburg," ** Al- 
 ma," "Inkerman," ** Sevastopol."" 
 
 Many of the other regiments had rendered 
 services little less brilliant. The 20th had 
 opened its career at the battle of the Boyne, and 
 had been at Fontenoy, and Culloden, and upon 
 the expeditions against St. Maloes, and Rochfort. 
 In 1758 it went to Germany and served through 
 the Seven Years War. During that memorable 
 period it was at Minden, Warberg, Campen, and 
 the surprise of Zierenberg. At Minden alone 
 
Explanatory Chapter, 
 
 Ixv 
 
 its casualties comprised 17 officers and 304 en- 
 listed men. This corps owed not a little to Maj.- 
 Gen. Wolfe, who, as captain, major and lieuten- 
 ant-colonel, did much to make it a model 
 regiment, and who was appointed colonel of the 
 2d Battalion in 1758, which was then renum- 
 bered as the 67th.'* 
 
 The records of the other British regiments 
 with Burgoyne, were likewise conspicuous for 
 gallantry. ^ All these regiments, with the ex- 
 
 /. Though no extended record oi 
 Burgoyne's regiments can be given, for 
 lack of space, yet a few words in regard 
 to each, may nut be without interest. 
 
 The 9th Foot was raised June 12, 
 1685. It now bears on its colors the 
 figure of Biitannia, with the words 
 " Roleia " " Vimiera " " Corunna " 
 " Busaco " " Salamtnca " " Victoria " 
 "St. Sebastian" •• Nive " '{Peninsula" 
 "Cabool 1842" " Moodkee " " Feroz- 
 eshah " " Sobraon" and "Sevastopol."'* 
 
 The 20th Foot was raised Nov. 20, 
 
 1688, shortly after the landing of King 
 Willijm at Torbay. Its colors are now 
 inscribed with "Minden" " Egmont- 
 opZec " " Egypt " [with the Sphynx] 
 " Maida " " Vimiera " " Corunna " 
 " Vittoria " '« Pyrenees " " Orthes " 
 " Toulouse " " Peninsula " " Alma " 
 " Inkerman " " Sevastopol " " Luck- 
 now." « 3 
 
 The 24th Foot was raised March 18, 
 
 1689, and its colors now bear the words 
 " Egypt " [with the Sphynx] " Cape of 
 Good Hope " " Talavera " " Fuente* 
 d'Onor " " Salamanca " " Vittoria ' 
 " Pyrenees " " Nivelle " " Orthei " 
 " Peninsula " " Punjaub " " Chillian- 
 wallah " and " Goojerat,"' 
 
 The 29th Foot was organized Feb- 
 ruary 12, 1702.' It was in Boston at 
 
 i 
 
 the time of the " Boston Mastacre," in 
 1770, in which it was discreditably con- 
 spicuous.* Its colors now have inscribed 
 upon ihem " Roleia " " Vimiera " « Tal- 
 avera " *" Albuhera " " Peninsula " 
 "Ferozeshah" "Sobraon" "Chillian. 
 wallah " and " Goojerat."* 
 
 The 31st Foot was embodied Feb- 
 ruary 12, 1702. This regiment, with its 
 women and children, was on the ill- 
 &ted " Kent," East Indiaman, at the 
 time of its famous double disaster by wreck 
 and by fire, in 1825, when its officers, by 
 their heroic conduct, gained more credit 
 than they could have done in many bat- 
 tles. It now bears on its colors the 
 words " Talavera " " Albuhrra " " Vit- 
 toria " " Pyrenees " •* Nivelle " " Nive " 
 " Orthes " •• Peninsula" " Cabool 1842 " 
 " Moodkee " " Ferozeshah " " Aliwal " 
 '•Sobraon" "Sevastopol" and " Taku 
 Forts."'-5 
 
 The 33d Foot, likewise, dates from 
 February 12, 1 702. It served actively 
 and sutFered severly in our Revolutionary 
 War. Among the battles in which it 
 participated in that struggle, were Long 
 Island, Brandywine, Germantown, Cam- 
 den, and Guildtbrd Court House ; and 
 it was finally captured under Cornwallis, 
 at Vorktown, in 1781. The Duke of 
 Wellington saw much service in this reg. 
 
Ixvi Explanatory Chapter, 
 
 ception of the 47th, embarked at Great Britain 
 for Quebec, in the spring of 1776. The 29th 
 was the first to sail. It embarked at Chatham 
 in February, the grenadiers on board the Isis, 
 man of war of 50 guns, and the remainder of the 
 companies on the Surprise and Triton frigates, 
 the Marten, sloop of war, and two large navy 
 transports named the Lord Howe, and Bute; 
 which fleet, with the victuallers British Queen, 
 Agnes, and Beaver, sailed for Quebec from Ports- 
 mouth, March 7th, and Portland, March nth, 
 though it did not finally get- clear of the 
 British coast till several days later. The Isis, 
 
 iment, became its colonel, and gave it his 
 name.'-' Its colors bear the Duke's 
 crest and motto, and the following 
 names of battles : " Seringapatim " 
 " Waterloo " •• Alma " " Inkernian " 
 "Sevastopol " and •' Abyssinia." 
 
 The 34th Foot was another of the 
 numerous regiments organized February 
 iz, 1702. Its flag bears a laurel wreath, 
 and the words " Albuhera " " Arroyo dos 
 Moiinos " " Vittoria " " Pyrenees " 
 " NiveUe " " Nive " " Orthes " " Pen- 
 insula" "Sevastopol" and "Lucknow."'-' 
 
 The 47th Foot was raised January 15, 
 1741, ^nd was originally numbered as 
 the 58th, but was renumbered in 1758. 
 In the rebellion of 1745 it was at Edin- 
 burgh, and the bulk of it was captured by 
 the Pretender's army. It took part in 
 the expedition against Louisbourg, and 
 was with Wolfe on the Heights of Abra- 
 ham. Col. Barre, the adjutant-gen- 
 eral of Wolfe's army, in a speech in the 
 House of Commons, Oct. 16, 1775, 
 speaks of it as " the very corps that broke 
 the whole French column and threw 
 them into such disorder at the siege of 
 Qoebeck.*** In colors are inKribed with 
 
 '« Tarife " " Vittoria " " St. Sebastian " 
 " Peninsula " " Ava " " Alma " " Inker- 
 man " and " Sevastopol."'* 
 
 The 53d Foot dates from December 
 21, 1755, when it was designated as the 
 55th, its present number having been as- 
 signed it in 1758. Its colors bear the 
 words" Nieuport " "Tournay" "St. 
 Lucia " " Talavera " " Salamanca " 
 " Vittoria " " Pyrenees " " Nivelle " 
 "Toulouse" •• Peninsula" "Aliwal" 
 '•Sobraon " " Punjaub " " Goojerat " 
 and " Lucknow." The 53d did not 
 leave Canada, to return home, until 
 July 31st, 1789, after -"»rc than thirteen 
 years continuous ser<. . . North Amer- 
 ica '•» 
 
 The 62d Foot was raised as the Second 
 Battalion of the 4th, or King's Own, in 
 I75S> ^^^ W3B detached from it and 
 numbered as a distinct regiment April 
 21, 1758. Its colors are inscribed with 
 (c Nive " " Peninsula " " Ferozeshah " 
 "Sobraon" and "Sevastopol."' ['B. 
 H, »G. C. 3G. D. *A. I. 334-340. 
 5G. F. «L. Z, 494«r/oj/. »G. G. »L. 
 Y. ao-26: D. T. 170, 384 tt pottf 
 499 ! H. 40. »G. I : J. W.] 
 
Explanatory Chapter, Ixvii 
 
 Surprise, and Marten, arrived at Quebec, May 6th, 
 and the Triton with the transports and victuallers. 
 May loth.'* The 21st Foot embarked on board 
 six transports at Plymouth, March 31st, prepara- 
 tory to joining the German troops when they 
 should pass by The first division of Bruns- 
 wickers under Gen. Riedesel embarked at 
 Staade, on the Elbe, March 13th — i8th, and 
 sailed the iQth for England, arriving at Spithead 
 on the 28th, but the Hanau regiment did not 
 arrive till the 31st. The fleet sailed from Ply- 
 mouth, according to Lord George Germaine, 
 April 7th, but according to Gen. Riedesel, two 
 or three days earlier, and consisted of thirty-six 
 vessels. The frigate Juno, Capt. Dalrymple, 
 took the lead and formed the advance ; then 
 came sixteen ships having the Brunswickers on 
 board ; four with the Hanau regiment ; six with 
 four companies of the Royal Artillery, with their 
 train on two transports; and six with the 21st 
 Regiment. The Blonde, of 36 guns, com- 
 manded by Capt. Pownell, and having Gen. 
 Burgoyne, Gen. Phillips and other officers 
 aboard, brought up the rear. The date of the 
 fleet's arrival at Quebec was June ist. The 9th, 
 20th, 24th, 31st, H^^» 53d ^"cl 62d regiments, 
 under Lieut.-Col. Eraser of the 24th, completed 
 their embarkation at Cork on April 5th, sailed 
 on the 8th, and arrived at Quebec, May 29th. '^ 
 The transports with the second division of 
 
Ixviii Explanatory Chapter, 
 
 Brunswick troops and the Hanau artillery, under 
 convoy of his Majesty's ships Amazon and Gar- 
 land, sailed from St. Helen's June 26th. The 
 vessels became separated, and the Hanau ariil- 
 lery reached Quebec July 29th ; but it was Sept. 
 17th, before the Brunswickers arrived.'^ 
 
 The 47th regiment embarked for America in 
 1773. At the opening of the Revolutionary 
 War it was stationed at Boston, and it partici- 
 pated in the battle of Bunker Hill, and its light 
 companies in the battle of Lexington. Upon 
 the evacuation of Boston in March. 1776, 
 it accompanied Sir William Howe's troops 
 to Halifax, whence it was dispatched on the 
 20th of the next month, in three transports 
 under convoy of the Niger frigate, to aid its 
 colonel. Sir Guy Carleton, at Quebec, where it 
 arrived May 8th. '" As this regiment was de- 
 tached from his army by Sir William Howe 
 without orders from the War Office, he was 
 ordered on the nth of June, 1776, to have it 
 returned to him, but not without commendation 
 for his zeal for the service in forwarding it to 
 Carleton's assistance. Ten days later, however, 
 that order was countermanded, and Carleton was 
 directed to retain it ; the Waldeck regiment, 
 which had originally been intended for Canada, 
 being sent to Howe instead.'' 
 
 The 33d regiment, of which Lord Cornwallis 
 was colonel, was intended to have been ulti- 
 
\* 
 
 Explanatory Chapter. Ixix 
 
 mately sent to Canada, as Lord George Ger- 
 maine wrote to Gen. Carleton under date of 
 Feb. 17, 1776, as follows : — " That embarcation 
 will consist of six Regiments from Ireland, and 
 two from Great Britain, together with four 
 companies of Artillery, and a large battering 
 train ; the whole to be under the command of 
 Major General Burgoyne, who, together with 
 Major General Lord Cornwallis, is appointed by 
 the King to serve under you on the side of 
 Canada ; but it will possibly be sometime before 
 you can have the assistance of Lord Cornwallis, 
 as he is at present appointed to serve under 
 Major General Clinton, upon an expedition to 
 the southward, but he will proceed to Quebeck 
 with his regiment as soon as that service is 
 over."" The 33d, with several other regiments, 
 embarked on transports at Cork, Dec. 29th — 
 Jan. I St, 1775-6, expecting to proceed at once 
 to America in Sir Peter Parker's expedition 
 against Charleston, S. C. Owing to protracted 
 delays, however, the fleet did not leave Cork till 
 Feb. loth, and it was May 3d before it arrived 
 off Cape Fear. It will be remembered that Sir 
 Peter Parker's attack on Fort Moultrie, in Char- 
 leston harbor, was repulsed ; and after a few 
 weeks, the expedition was abandoned, the fleet 
 sailing for New York." The intention of send- 
 ing Cornwallis and his regiment to Canada was 
 given up, and it is presumed that the recruits 
 
Ixx Explanatory Chapter, 
 
 under Lieut. Nutt, for the 33d, were sent to 
 Quebec before the design of ultimately sending 
 that regiment there, had been abandoned; but 
 the time of sailing or arrival of Lieut. Nutt's 
 detachment has not been ascertained. These 
 recruits, according to Hadden, were detailed for 
 service in the Artillery. 
 
 The strength of each infantry company was 
 between fifty and sixty enlisted men; and ten 
 companies constituted a regiment. The right 
 flank company was composed of grenadiers, and 
 the left flank company of light infantry. The 
 remaining eight companies composed the bat- 
 talion proper, and were called battalion com- 
 panies." But though this was the ordinary 
 peace establishment, yet, early in 1776, an order 
 was issued from the War Office that the 
 marching regiments for the American ser- 
 vice were to consist of twelve companies of three 
 sergeants, three corporals, two drummers, and 
 fifty-six effective rank and file each, besides com- 
 missioned officers.*' Sergeant Lamb of the 9th, 
 and afterwards of the 23d Foot, says that two 
 companies of each battalion were to remain in 
 Great Britain for the purpose of recruiting.*^ In 
 Burgoyne's adjutant general's report, it is stated 
 that " in Sept. the additional companies joined 
 near Fort Miller, in all 300."*^ This must mean 
 one company per regiment, which would make 
 
Explanatory Chapter, Ixxi 
 
 about the number, for there were six regimental 
 organizations with Burgoyne in Sept., 1777, one 
 having been left at Ticonderoga as a garrison ; 
 and we have somewhere seen it stated that one 
 company per regiment remained permanently in 
 Great Britain on recruiting service. Indeed, an 
 item from London, dated Feb. 3, in the issue of 
 the Continental journal for May 22, 1777, s^X^* 
 " An additional company to every regiment in 
 Canada is ordered to be ready for embarkation." 
 The Remembrancer under date of March 19, 1776, 
 [Vol. 2, p. 366] says : — " The officers who are 
 ordered for America are to wear the same uni- 
 form and their hair is to be dressed in like manner 
 as the men, so that they may not be distinguished 
 from them by the riflemen, who aim particularly 
 at the officers." 
 
 The light infantry were active, strong men, 
 selected from the battalion companies, and from 
 thf; most promising recruits that were occasion- 
 ally enlisted. They were the skirmishers of the 
 regiment, and acted, so to speak, as the eyes of 
 an army. When serving with the regiment the 
 light infantry company was posted on the left 
 flank. The grenadiers were clothed differently 
 from the rest of the battalion, by wearing a high 
 cap fronted with a plate of brass, on which the 
 king's arms were generally represented, and by 
 having a piece of fringed or tufted cloth upon 
 
Ixxii Explanatory Chapter, 
 
 their shoulders, called a wing.*^ They were 
 always the tallest and stoutest men in the regi- 
 ment, and, being on the right flank, were usually 
 the first in all attacks." When a number of regi- 
 ments were serving together, the flank companies 
 were usually detached and formed into a light 
 brigade, these companies being then numbered 
 entirely irrespective of their original regimental 
 connection. Eraser's Light Brigade, in Bur- 
 goyne's army, consisted of ten grenadier com- 
 panies and ten light infantry companies, together 
 with the 24th Regiment ; and, being picked 
 troops, of course led the advance. 
 
 m. Though the uniform of the British 
 regiments of foot was red, yet each or- 
 ganization had trimmingi peculiar to 
 itself. At one time the popular des- 
 ignations of regiments were derived from 
 this peculiarity ; and, to this day, the 3d 
 Foot is called " The Buffs," because of 
 the color of its trimmings and accoutre- 
 ments two centuries ago. At the time 
 of Burgoyne'i campaign the uniforms of 
 the regiments taking part in it, were aa 
 follows, viz — 
 
 9tb Foot. Red faced with yellow, 
 white lace, with two black stripes. 
 
 20th Foot. Red faced with pale yel- 
 low, white lace, with a red and black 
 stripe. 
 
 2 1 St Foot. Red faced with blue, 
 white lace, with a blue stripe. Fusileer 
 regiments wore tall caps unlike those of 
 other regiments of the line, and which 
 Were not ({uite as tall as grenadier caps. 
 
 24th Foot. Red lined with white, 
 faced with willow green, white lace, one 
 red and one green stripe. 
 
 29th Foot. Red faced with yellow, 
 white lace, with two blue and one yel- 
 
 low stripe. 
 
 3 1 St Foot. Red faced with bufF, 
 white lace, blue and yellow worm, and 
 small red stripes. 
 
 33d Foot. Red faced with red. lined 
 with white, white lace, a red stripe in 
 the middle. 
 
 34th Foot. Red faced with bright 
 yellow, white lace, a blue and yellow 
 worm, and red stripes, 
 
 47th Foot. Red faced with white, 
 white lace, one red two black stripes. 
 
 53d Foot. Red faced with red, white 
 lace, one red stripe, white lining. 
 
 6zd Foot. Red faced with yellowish 
 buff, white lace, one blue and one straw- 
 colored stripe. 
 
 The uniform of the Royal Artillery 
 consisted of blue coats with scarlet trim- 
 mings ; white waistcoats and breeches ; 
 white stockings; black spatter dashes or 
 gaiters; white accoutrements; cocked 
 hat with a gold band, button and loop 
 for the officers. The men's hair was 
 clubbed : the officers wore theirs in a 
 queue well powdeied. [B. H : G. N : 
 G. U: C. Z: D. A.] 
 
Explanatory Chapter, Ixxiii 
 
 Each regiment had a colonel, a lieut.-coloncl, 
 and a major ; but the colonelcy was practically a 
 sinecure, as the colonel was usually an old general 
 officer, who rarely, or never, served with his corps. 
 The direct command of the regiment, therefore, 
 devolved upon the lieut.-colonel, and as the brig- 
 adier-generals were taken from the lieut.-colonels, 
 some of the regiments would be led by majors, 
 as was the case on Burgoyne's expedition. Each 
 of the three field officers was supposed to com- 
 mand a company, so that a regiment often com- 
 panies would have but seven captains ; but as the 
 colonel rarely or never served with the regiment, 
 there was an officer styled a captain-lieutenant, 
 who commanded the colonel's company.* Prior 
 to 1772, this was a distinctive grade between 
 lieutenant, and captain, but in that year an order 
 was issued giving a captain-lieutenant the rank 
 of captain, though the ** Capt. -Lieut, and Cap- 
 tain," as he was afterwards designated in the 
 Army Lists, was always the junior captain.'* The 
 subalterns of a British infantry company were 
 usually a lieutenant, and an ensign. Fuziieer 
 corps, grenadiers, and light infantry, had second 
 lieutenants, and no ensigns; hence the companies 
 
 a. fVar Office^ May 26, 1772. Captain-Lieutenants shall take the said 
 
 The King has been pleased to rank from this day ; and all future 
 
 direct that, for the future, the Captain- Captain-Lieutenants from the date of 
 
 Lieutenants of the Cavalry and Marching their respective commissions. 
 
 Regiments shall have rank, as well in Barkinoton. 
 
 the army as in their respective regi- [M. D. 3 32.] 
 
 ments, as Captains j that the present 
 
•Ixxiv Explanatory Chapter, 
 
 of the 2 1 St Foot, or Royal North British Fuzi- 
 leers, with Burgoyne, had second lieutenants, and 
 no ensigns. 
 
 An important part of Burgoyne's army was the 
 artillery Indeed, Burgoyne was attacked by his 
 enemies at home for having with him a dispro- 
 portionate train of artillery. Of the Royal Regi- 
 ment of Artillery with Burgoyne, there were live 
 captains, the senior of whom, Griffith Williams, 
 held the army rank of major. Gen. Phillips, a 
 major in the Royal Artillery, is not included in 
 this number as he was serving as a major general. 
 There were also three captain-lieutenants, two 
 1st lieutenants, and twelve 2d lieutenants, though 
 one of the latter was killed at Skenesborough in 
 July, 1777, soon after the British occupation of 
 Ticondcroga. Capt. Jones was killed at Free- 
 man's Farm, Sept. 19th, and Captain-Lieut. 
 Blomefield and 2d Lieuts. Smith and Howarth 
 were wounded at Bemus' Heights, Oct 7, 1777.** 
 Capt. Borthwick and First Lieut Barnes, with a 
 part of one company, remained at Ticonderoga 
 and did not further participate in the campaign.*^ 
 Burgoyne's adjutant-general states that there 
 were 257 of the British artillery on the expedi- 
 tion.** Seventy of the enlisted artilleiists belonged 
 to the Irish Artillery, which, in 1801, was in- 
 corporated into the Royal Artillery, as the 7th 
 Battalion.** The Royal Regiment of Artillery 
 originated in 17 16, and then consisted of two 
 
Explanatory Chapter, Ixxv 
 
 companies. In 1872 it had expanded to twenty- 
 nine brigades, containing over two hundred bat- 
 teries, and 34,943 officers and men.*' There has 
 been no battle of importance in the last one 
 hundred and sixty years, in which the British 
 arms have participated, where the Royal Artillery 
 has not been represented. At the time of Bur- 
 goyne's campaign this corps consisted of four 
 marching battalions of eight companies each ; 
 and it likewise had eight invalid companies. An 
 artillery company comprised a captain, a captain- 
 lieutenant, a first-lieutenant, three second-lieu- 
 tenants, and one hundred enlisted men.^ June 
 22d, 1772, it was ordered by Royal Warrant that 
 captain-lieutenants in the artillery, and engineers, 
 should rank as captains in the army. Those who 
 were then serving, were to have their commis- 
 sions as captain dated May 26th, 1772; and those 
 who might be subsequently commissioned, from 
 the date of their appointment. The title of 
 captain-lieutenant was abolished in 1804, and 
 that of second captain substituted. Prior to 
 1 77 1 there was a grade of commissioned officer 
 in the artillery, below that of second lieutenant, 
 called Heutenant-fire-worker, but it was abolished 
 in that year. Those intended for engineer, or 
 
 0. In addition to the one hundred 
 enlisted men mentioned in the text, all 
 of which were eft'ectives, so called, there 
 were three non-eftectives allowed to each 
 company. These latter were fictitious 
 names borne on the company rolls for 
 
 the sake of drawing pay for three more 
 men than were actually members of the 
 company. Two of these non-effectives 
 were allowed the captains, and one for 
 the non-effective or company fund. 
 [G. U. 8s.] 
 
Ixxvi Explanatory Chapter, 
 
 artillery officers, were sent, when mere lads, to 
 the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich, the 
 Headquarters of the Royal Regiment of Artillery, 
 and entered as gentleman cadets Those ranking 
 highest in attainments during their cadet course, 
 entered the Royal Engineers, the others the 
 Royal Artillery. Though the Master- General 
 and the Lieutenant-General of the Ordnance were, 
 ex officio^ the two highest in command of the 
 sister corps of Engineers and Artillery, yet each 
 artillery battalion had a colonel commandant, a 
 lieut.-colonel, and a majc.~; but these officers in- 
 terest us little in arriving at an understanding of 
 the organization of Burgoyne's force.'" 
 
 But two officers of the Royal Engineers ac- 
 companied Burgoyne, both of whom were sub- 
 engineers and lieutenants. The senior of these 
 was William Twiss, who served throughout the 
 campaign ; the other was Andrew Durnford, 
 who was with Baum at Bennington, where he 
 was taken prisoner, when his service with Bur- 
 goyne terminated. 
 
 Some naval officers, likewise, accompanied 
 Burgoyne, and rendered good service, not only 
 in navigating the batteaux, but also in engineer- 
 ing matters. We find Capt. Schank of the navy, 
 afterwards an Admiral of the Blue, constructing 
 a pontoon bridge across the Hudson as late as 
 Sept. 2ist and 22d ;" and young Edward Pellew, 
 
Explanatory Chapter. ...xvii 
 
 afterwards Lord Exmouth, an Admiral of the 
 White, and Vice-Admiral of England, then a 
 midshipman only twenty years of age, who had 
 distinguished himself on the Carleton at the 
 Battle of Valcour, for which he had received a 
 letter of thanks from the first Lord of the Ad- 
 miralty, commanded a detachment of sailors on 
 Burgoyne's expedition and rendered gallant 
 service in retaking a provision vessel that had 
 been captured by the Americans, for which Bur- 
 goynesent him a letter of commendation. After 
 the surrender, Mr. Pellew, after having shared in 
 the attentions and hospitality of Gen. Gates, was 
 sent to England by Gen. Burgoyne with des- 
 patches, a distinction to which his services in the 
 campaign were considered to have entitled him. 
 He sailed from Quebec early in November, 1777, 
 and arrived in England about the middle of the 
 next month.'* 
 
 It is not easy to determine the strength of the 
 German regiments with Burgoyne, as Major 
 Kingston has given us only the gross number, 
 and not the detailed figures of each organization. 
 All the troops furnished Great Britain, in 1776, 
 by the Duke of Brunswick and the Hereditary 
 Prince of Hesse Cassel, Reigning Count of 
 Hanau, were sent to Canada. The treaty with 
 the Duke of Brunswick embraced a corps of 
 Infantry of 3964 men, and a corps of unhorsed 
 ** Light Cavalry" of 336 men, which bodies 
 
 >^^r 
 
Ixxviii Explanatory Chapter, 
 
 were organized into five regiments and two bat- 
 talions ; while the Hanau treaty included a regi- 
 ment of infantry of 660 men, and a company of 
 artillery of 1 28 men, with six field pieces." This 
 would make 5088 German troops sent to Canada 
 in 1776, but Major Kingston accounts for but 
 3827 of them, and it would seem the discrepancy 
 was too great to be accounted for by a year's 
 service, notwithstanding the unaccustomed rigor 
 of a Canadian winter. The German troops with 
 Burgoyne, therefore, consisted of an artillery 
 company, a dragoon regiment, and seven in- 
 fantry regiments or battalions. The following 
 facts relating to the composition of the Bruns- 
 wick regiments have been largely deduced from 
 the number of officers attached to those regiments 
 in the lists to be found in Burgoyne's Orderly 
 Book, and in vol. 2 of Riedesel's Memoirs, 
 Letters and Journals. Riedesel's Dragoons — so 
 called from their colonel's name — were not 
 mounted ; and as they were armed with carbines 
 and heavy sabres and equipments, they could only 
 act as the heaviest kind of dismounted cavalry. 
 Lieut. -Col. Baum commanded this regiment, 
 which was divided into four troops, each of 
 which was officered by a captain, a lieutenant 
 and a cornet. Lieut.-Col. Breymann's Grena- 
 diers were divided into four companies, each of 
 which had a captain, and three lieutenants. 
 Each of the other five regiments consisted of 
 
Explanatory Chapter, Ixxix 
 
 five companies/' each officered by a captain, two 
 lieutenants, and an ensign. Earner's Battalion 
 was composed of chasseurs, or light infantry, save 
 one company, which consisted of jagers, or rifle- 
 men. The mode of detaching from each regi- 
 ment a given number of men with proper officers 
 to remain in Canada, as before referred to, of 
 course interfered somewhat with the establish- 
 ment as just given. The Left, or German 
 Wing of Burgoyne's army, under Maj. Gen. 
 Riedesel, was brigaded exactly like the Right, 
 or British Wing under Maj. Gen. Phillips; 
 Lieut. -Col. Breymann commanded the German 
 Advance, or Light Brigade, and Specht, and Gall, 
 respectively, the P'irst and Second Brigades. The 
 dragoons were not brigaded, but served as a 
 headquarter guard." The Hesse Hanau Ar- 
 tillery Company was under Capt. Pausch. It 
 suflfered terribly at Bennington, where it lost two 
 of its guns. Lieut. Hadden refers so fully to the 
 organization of the regulars, both British and 
 German, that it is unnecessary to further advert 
 to it here. 
 
 Of irregular troops there were two provincial 
 battalions commanded, respectively, by Lieut.- 
 Colonel John Peters, of the Hampshire Grants, 
 and Lieut.-Colonel Ebenezer Jessup,of New York. 
 The number of companies in each battalion is 
 unknown, but they were not sufficient to con- 
 stitute a regiment; and Peters* Corps was sent on 
 
Ixxx Explanatory Chapter, 
 
 the expedition to Bennington in the hope of 
 swelling its ranks by the accession of recruits in 
 that neighborhood. There were also two Cana- 
 dian companies, commanded, respectively, by 
 Capt. Boucherville, and Capt. Monin ; and Capt. 
 Samuel McKay, a half pay officer of the 6oth, 
 or Royal American Regiment, acted as major. 
 Capt Eraser's marksmen, or rangers, and the 
 Indians already mentioned, made up Burgoyne's 
 force." 
 
 Rarely had a braver or better officered little 
 army been sent to its destruction than this of 
 Burgoyne ; and yet it would seem that there was 
 something radically wrong, both in its leader, 
 and in its composition. Lieut.-Gen. Burgoyne, 
 notwithstanding his brilliant dash in Portugal 
 with a handful of cavalry, was not the man to 
 surmount unexpected difficulties, and wring 
 success out of adverse circumstances. His pur- 
 suit of the Americans, after their evacuation of 
 Ticonderoga, was rapid and brilliant, it is true, 
 but his stay at Skenesborough, and his determina- 
 tion to sacrifice real to seeming progress by 
 hewing a way through the woods to Fort Edward, 
 instead of returning by water to Ticonderoga, 
 and then crossing Lake George, was feeble in- 
 deed, his only excuse being the alleged fear that 
 anything that lookfd like retracing his steps 
 would serve to inspirit the defeated Americans ; 
 whereas the course he pursued gave his enemies 
 
Explanatory Chapter. Ixxxi 
 
 much more time to recover their spirits and 
 assemble troops to oppose him, than the other 
 would have done. Then too, when celerity of 
 action was called for to strike the enemy advan- 
 tageously, as well as to husband his provisions, 
 which were brought from Canada when trans- 
 portation was scarce, he permitted his army to 
 be encumbered with unnecessary camp followers. 
 Among them were a number of women, and 
 some children ; for it is notorious that the 
 Baroness Riedesel and her young family and 
 maids. Lady Harriet Acland and her maid, Mrs. 
 Harnage, Mrs. Reynal, and other officers' and 
 soldiers' wives accompanied Biirgoyne.'^ The 
 London Chronicle for Dec. 20-27, 1777, says — 
 " There were many women and children in Gen. 
 Burgoyne's camp when he surrendered, all of 
 whom were ordered to be provided for by Gen. 
 Gates ; the women at a whole ration, the children 
 at an-half." A " Return of the British Troops 
 who draw Provisions, Prospect Hill 22 Nov., 
 1777," found among the Heath Papers, gives 
 215 women ; while a Provision Return of the 
 German troops, about the same time, gives 82 
 women ; making 297 women, besides officers' 
 wives, and servants, with Burgoyne at Cambridge, 
 a month after his surrender. 
 
 Gen. Phillips' order of Aug. 19, 1777, to be 
 found /»5J"/, page 314, in regard to Gen. Burgoyne's 
 k 
 
Ixxxii Explanatory Chapter, 
 
 baggage, has a very unpromising look for the 
 lieut. -general's self denial ; and it is known that 
 he loved good eating and drinking, and was sen- 
 sual and self indulgent. After the disastrous 
 affair of Oct. 7th, Burgoyne seemed smitten with 
 fatal indecision. Instead of actively retreating as 
 he might then have done, he did little more than 
 talk about it ; at one time tardily ordering a re- 
 treat, then inexplicably deferring it, meanwhile, 
 if Madame Riedesel can be believed, toying with 
 his mistress — courting Venus instead of Mars.'' 
 
 This not doing the right thing at the right 
 time appears to have been Burgoyne's cardinal 
 defect in his American campaign ; and it seems 
 to have grown upon him. Illustrations of this 
 are numerous. He did not hurry his advance 
 through to Albany when his capture of Ticon- 
 deroga and his brushing the Americans from 
 before him at Hubbardton, Fort Ann, Fort 
 George and Skenesborough, had so demoralized 
 them as to enable him to accomplish well nigh 
 whatever he should dare to attempt. He did 
 not dispatch light, quick moving troops on the 
 Bennington raid, where mobility was all import- 
 ant ; but sent cumbrous dismounted German dra- 
 goons ; and when the Americans, inspirited by 
 St. Leger's repulse and the victory at Bennington, 
 had been allowed time to recover from their 
 July panic occasioned by the reverses of that 
 month, and to concentrate a heavy force on Bur- 
 
Explanatory Chapter, Ixxxiii 
 
 goyne's front, the latter proposed to advance. 
 What he had failed to do with a stricken foe 
 before him, he now attempted to do when con- 
 fronted by a victorious army, and when the 
 golden opportunity had vanished. He had lost the 
 prestige of uninterrupted success ; he had lost 
 many men on the campaign ; the Indians had 
 deserted him ; and Howe had unaccountably left 
 him to his fate ; still he proposed to advance ; 
 and his only reason, as afterwards given, was that 
 he felt bound by orders that he considered im- 
 perative. If he could tarry so long on the road, 
 on the score of obstacles to be overcome, it is a 
 little difficult to understand why even his con- 
 struction of orders would not have warranted a 
 further delay, if necessary, to successfully accom- 
 plish his purpose. His delay in July cost him all 
 chance of success : his advance in September was 
 fatal to his army. What his adversary. Gates, 
 thought of this movement, is clearly indicated in 
 a letter he addressed " To the Honorable the 
 Chairman of the Committee at Bennington to 
 be forwarded to the Committees to the East- 
 ward thereof," which reads as follows — 
 
 "Camp on Bemus' Heights, Sept. 17, 1777. 
 
 I have rec'd certain intelligence that Gen'l 
 Burgoyne has caused Skenesborough, Fort Ann, 
 Fort George, Fort Edward, and the post he 
 lately occupied to the southward of Lake George 
 
Ixxxiv Explanatory Chapter. 
 
 and Skenesboiough, to be evacuated, and the 
 Artillery stores and provisions to be brought to 
 his army now at Van Veder's Mills, seven miles 
 north of this camp, except some heavy cannon 
 which are carried to the five mile island in Lake 
 George. From this it is evident the Gen'l de- 
 signs to risque all upon one rash stroke, it is 
 therefore the indispensable duty of all concerned 
 to exert themselves in reinforcing this Army 
 without one moment's delay. The militia from 
 every part should be ordered here with all 
 possible expedition. 
 
 I am S*r your 
 
 Most obedient h'ble ser't 
 Horatio Gates." '^ 
 
 On the 4th of October Gates wrote still more 
 significantly of the character of Burgoyne, in a 
 letter of that date to Gen. Clinton — ** Perhaps 
 his despair," said Gates , " may dictate to him 
 to risque all upon one throw ; he is an old 
 gamester, and in his time has seen all chances. 
 I will endeavour to be ready to prevent his good 
 fortune, and, if possible, secure my own."" 
 
 It would seem from the testimony given in 
 ^he State of the Expedition^ that Burgoyne was 
 popular with many, if not most of his officers, 
 and yet the evidence, taken together, is far from 
 conclusive on that point. Gen. Glover, whose 
 brigade guarded Gen. Burgoyne's troops from 
 
Explanatory Chapter, Ixxxv 
 
 Saratoga to Cambridge, wrote to Gen. Gates 
 from Marblehead, Dec. 21st, 1777, as follows: — 
 " Many of Gen. Burgoyne's officers are very 
 bitter against him — have been heard to say 
 * Damn him, he could call a Council at Saratoga, 
 if he had call'd one at Fort Edward they should 
 not have been made Prisoners, but they would 
 do his business for him when they got home."" 
 
 Another unfortunate element in Burgoyne's 
 army was its mixed character That the Ger- 
 mans were jealous of the British, is indubitably 
 indicated in the Memoir, Journal and Letters of 
 Major General Riedesel. On the other hand, 
 there is little less doubt that the British enter- 
 tained a poor opinion of, if indeed they did not 
 despise the Germans. Burgoyne greatly under- 
 rated the intelligence of his provincial officers, 
 and they on their part, were justly annoyed at 
 having their commissions withheld from them. 
 Being required by the government to employ 
 Indians, Burgoyne speedily disgusted them and 
 their leaders ; and though this was to the credit 
 of his humanity, yet, in a military view, it lost 
 him a part of his force, already too small. The 
 organization of his troops, also, lacked cohesion, 
 for there were too many petty bodies, too many 
 small battalions and unregimented companies. 
 
 Whatever may have been Burgoyne's errors 
 and shortcomings, however, the government 
 
Ixxxvi Explanatory Chapter, 
 
 itself was the real cause of the failure of the 
 expedition, as it promised Burgoyne co-operation 
 from New York, which he absolutely required 
 and demanded, and then it neglected to give Sir 
 William Howe peremptory orders to do, what it 
 is unaccountable that any officer, calling himself 
 a general, should not have done, even in the 
 absence of orders. Had as able a commander 
 as Sir Guy Carleton been in the place of either 
 Burgoyne or Sir William Howe, it is not im- 
 probable that the campaign of 1777 would have 
 had an entirely different termination. 
 
 A few words in regard to British army rank 
 may assist some readers in understanding allu- 
 sions in the orders and notes. The volunteers 
 alluded to in the following pages, were young 
 gentlemen joining a regiment going upon ser- 
 vice, and doing duty with that corps until they 
 could get commissions. In the Austrian, Prus- 
 sian and Russian service such a volunteer would 
 be termed a cadet." There were several kinds 
 of rank in the British army. Regimental rank 
 was, of course, an officer's rank in his regiment. 
 Army rank, as it is denominated in the Army 
 Lists, was usually brevet rank, and was conferred, 
 in the vast majority of cases, after a given num- 
 ber of years service in a subordinate grade, 
 though it was sometimes conferred lor special 
 merit. If an officer, however, who had served 
 in one regiment, was transferred to another for 
 
"Explanatory Chapter, Ixxxvii 
 
 any reason, he would take his regimental rank 
 from the date of hie commission in the regiment 
 to which he had been transferred, but his army 
 rank in that grade would date from his earliest 
 promotion to it in any regiment. After having 
 been borne a certain number of years on the 
 active list as a captain, an officer was promoted 
 to the army, or brevet rank of major, and so on 
 in each successive grade up to the rank of gene- 
 ral ; but a majority was usually, but not always, 
 the lowest brevet.;" As a colonel was the high- 
 est regimental grade, of course, all above that 
 was only army rank.'" The grade of brigadier- 
 general was formerlv a distinctive one in the 
 army, but it was abolished as such, about the 
 year 1748 ; after which time it was only con- 
 ferred temporarily, and (Ordinarily upon regimen- 
 tal lieutenant-colonels.*" It was usually con- 
 ferred for a war, or for as long as the bearer 
 should serve in practically the same field of ope- 
 rations ; as, for example, during the American 
 War, as the British termed our Revolutionary 
 struggle. Burgoyne's brigadiers, however, were 
 confined to much more narrow limits, as indi- 
 
 p. Although brevet rank is usually " JVar Office, jfulf i, 1783. 
 stated as having been conferied only on " John Wemyss, l.Ue Colonel of the 
 officers of the rank of captain, or above, Sutherland regiment of fencibles. Cap- 
 yet the following promotions copied from tain in the army by brevet" 
 the London Gazette, plainly show that " ff^ar Office, December f^, 1783. 
 the lower grades were also brcvetted. " To be Captain in the army by 
 " /far Office, November 28, 1780. brevet, Lieut. John Thomas Layard, of 
 
 " George William Ricketts, Ensign in the 54th regiment."* [»H. N. 513. 
 
 the Army by Brevet."* »H. R. 10, 577.] 
 
Ixxxviii Explanatory Chapter, 
 
 cated by the following letter from Lord George 
 Germaine to Gen. Carleton. 
 
 " Whitehall, August 22, 1776. 
 
 "Sir: I had the honour to lay before the 
 King your letter of the 22d of June, wherein 
 you acquaint me that you had formed the Army 
 into four Brigades, and given the command of 
 them to Lieutenant-Colonel Nesbitt of the 
 Forty-Seventh Regiment, Lieutenant -Colonel 
 Frazer of the 24th Regiment, Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Powel of the Fifty-Third, and Lieuten- 
 ant-Colonel Gordon of the Twenty-Ninth ; and 
 his Majesty was pleased to observe thereupon, 
 that these officers might continue to act as 
 Brigadiers until part of your Army should be 
 ordered to join the troops under the command 
 of General Howe, and that then their rank of 
 Brigadiers must cease, in order to prevent the 
 impropriety of their having higher rank and pay 
 than several of the Lieutenant Colonels who arc 
 their seniors in that Army. 
 
 " You will here permit me to inform you 
 that the King, upon reading that part of your 
 letter of the 20th June, where you take notice 
 of the troops under the command of Major- 
 General Phillips, was pleased to observe, that 
 although officers of Artillery, when ordered on 
 duty, certainly command according to their rank 
 and the dates of their commissions, yet that it has 
 
Explanatory Chapter. Ixxxix 
 
 never been the custom of the British service, 
 nor, as it is apprehended, of any other in Europe, 
 that either General officers or others of Artillery, 
 should roll in duty with the officers of the line ; 
 and that Major-General Phillips having acted 
 under you in that predicament, must not in 
 future be considered as a precedent. 
 
 " I am &c &c George Germaine"*' 
 
 This arrangement caused Burgoyne and his 
 brigadiers, much chagrin, and Burgoyne in a 
 letter to Adjutant-General Harvey, dated from 
 the Camp on the River Bouquet, near Lake 
 Champlain, June 22, 1777, states the case as 
 follows : — " I have been exceedingly distressed 
 in regard to the brigadiers of this army. Sir 
 Guy Carleton, the day I took leave of him, put 
 into my hands an extract of a letter from the 
 Secretary of War, approving the appointment of 
 those gentlemen, but observing, that when- 
 ever any of them should lead their brigades out of 
 the province of Canada ^ in order to join the troops 
 under General I iowey there would be a necessity 
 for their command ceasing as brigadiers, &c. 
 
 "Were this to be put in execution, according to 
 the letter of the order, and the geographical 
 limits of Canada, and supposing Major General 
 Phillips at the same time to be employed solely 
 in the artillery, I should find myself at the head 
 of an army to undertake a siege, and afterwards 
 1 
 
xc Explanatory Chapter. 
 
 pursue objects of importance, and possibly of 
 time, without a single intermediate British offi- 
 cer between the Lieutenant General, command- 
 ing pro tempore in chief, and a Lieutenant 
 Colonel. It would be preposterous and imper- 
 tinent in me to say one word more to you as an 
 officer, upon the impossibility of methodizing or 
 conducting such an army with such a total defi- 
 ciency of staff Had Lord Barrington conde- 
 scended to have communicated his intentions to 
 me in London, I think I could have convinced him 
 of the impropriety. As it is, I must conclude 
 that the spirit of the order goes only to prevent 
 those gentlemen bearing a higher rank and pay 
 than senior lieutenant colonels serving in the 
 same army ; and that therefore there can be no 
 fault in keeping it dormant till the junction 
 takes place. In other words, I look upon mine 
 to be the Canada army till such time as I am in 
 communication with General Howe, so as to 
 make part of his force, and consequently with- 
 out measuring degrees north and south, that the 
 arrangements made in Canada, and approved by 
 the King, remain in force till that time. 
 
 ** I am persuaded, my dear General, you will 
 support me in this liberty, if such it is to be 
 called, not only as the absolute order and 
 method of the service depends upon it, but also 
 to avoid to these gentlemen, who have really 
 great merit, the vexation and the ridicule of 
 
Explanatory Chapter, xci 
 
 being deprived of their rank and pay in the hour 
 of that very service, with a view to which their 
 appointment was originally made. I think I 
 can answer, that the junction made, and the 
 reasons for reverting to their former ranks, be- 
 come obvious, they will submit to his Majesty's 
 pleasure without a murmur."** 
 
 In a subsequent letter to the same correspond- 
 ent, written at Skenesborough, July iith, Bur- 
 goyne again adverts to the matter in this wise: — 
 " After what I have publicly mentioned of 
 Fraser I am sure I need not press you in his 
 favour. I cannot but feel confident in the hope 
 that his Majesty's grace will find its way through 
 all obstacles to prevent so discouraging a circum- 
 stance as the return of this gallant officer to the 
 mere dutv of lieutenant colonel, at the head of 
 one battalion, after having given ascendancy to 
 the King's troops, and done honour to hie pro- 
 fession, by the most spirited actions in critical 
 periods of two successive campaigns."*' 
 
 Local rank was confined to certain territorial 
 limits, and was held by an officer until he ob- 
 tained the same army rank, when, of course, 
 the local merged in the broader army rank, 
 which latter applied to the officer in all parts of 
 the world. Some of the officers referred to in 
 this volume, will serve as illustrations of the ex- 
 planations attempted. For instance, in the 
 
xcii Explanatory Chapter, 
 
 spring of 1777, Sir Guy Carleton had the regi- 
 mental rank of colonel of the 47th Foot, the 
 army rank of major-general, and the local rank 
 of " general in America." Major-General 
 Phillips was a major in the Royal Regiment of 
 Artillery, a -"Monel in the army, and a "major- 
 general in America." The final illustration 
 shall be Capt. Thomas Aubrey of the 47th Foot. 
 At the time of his death, in 1814, he was a half- 
 pay captain in the 73d Foot, a major in the 
 army, and a lieutenant-colonel in the Bucks 
 County Militia.* 
 
 • 
 
 The officers of the Guards had a double rank 
 which was conferred on the following occasions. 
 The rank of lieutenant-colonel in the army was 
 granted by James II, in 1688, to the captains; 
 that of captain by William III, in 1691, to the 
 lieutenants ; and that of lieutenant to the en- 
 signs, after the battle of Waterloo.^ As officers, 
 when serving in their regiments, serve in their 
 regimental rank, but when serving on detach- 
 ment or with other regiments, have the benefit 
 of their army rank, much difficulty ensued 
 from this double rank of the Guards, and not 
 a little embarrassment was caused by it in the 
 detachment of Guards serving in America under 
 Sir William Howe.** This extra rank will not 
 be enjoyed by those who obtained their com- 
 missions since the abolition of the purchase 
 system, July 20th, 1871.** There were various 
 
Explanatory Chapter ^ xciii 
 
 other intricacies of rank in the British service a 
 century ago, some of which still exist ; but an 
 explanation of them is not necessary for a proper 
 understanding of either the text or the notes. 
 
 As but two journals by British participants in 
 Burgoyne's campaign, other than Hadden's, have 
 found their way into print, a i^vf words in re- 
 gard to their writers, may not be amiss. Roger 
 Lamb — the author of An Original and Authentic 
 "Journal of Occurrences during the late American 
 War^ from its commencement to thi year 1783, 
 published in Dublin in 1809, and of a Memoir of 
 ///jOi£'«Z///t',publishedat Dublin in 181 1, — anon- 
 commissioned officer in the 9th Foot,was born in 
 Dublin, Jan 17, 1756, and was the youngest of 
 eleven childen " of humble, industrious and 
 virtuous parents," to adopt his own words. 
 When but seventeen years of age he enlisted in 
 the 9th Foot, then stationed at Waterford, in 
 Ireland, which he joined Aug. 24, 1773. He 
 was promoted to be corporal in 1775, and 
 being too weak, from sickness, to march with 
 his regiment when it left Dublin to embark for 
 America, he followed on as soon as he was able, 
 and reached Cork before its departure. His zeal 
 secured his promotion to Serjeant, and he em- 
 barked, as he tells us, April 3, 1776, on the 
 transport Friendship, at the cove of Cork ; sailed 
 with the rest of the fleet on the 8th ; and ar- 
 rived at Quebec, May 26th. He served in 
 
xciv Explanatory Chapter, 
 
 Canada in 1776, and on Burgoyne's campaign 
 in 1777, taking part in the battles of Hubbard- 
 ton, Freeman's Farm, and Bemus* Heights, and 
 being included in the Saratoga Convention. He 
 escaped from the Americans, arrived in New 
 York Nov. 25, 1778, and immediately joined the 
 23d Foot, or Royal Welch Fuzileers, in which 
 he was at once appointed a Serjeant. He served 
 with this regiment at the south, and again be- 
 came a prisoner upon Cornwallis' surrender. 
 After one unsuccessful attempt, he finally made 
 good his escape from the Americans, and again 
 reached New York, as an escaped prisoner, 
 March 23, 1782. At the British evacuation of 
 New York, in November, 1783, he returned to 
 England, and received his discharge, after twelve 
 years service. After the war he became a 
 schoolmaster, and it is easy to see that his educa- 
 tion was far superior to the great majority of his 
 rank at that time in the British army ; indeed, he 
 says in his Journal, [p. 388.] — " After the 
 army under Lord Cornwallis became prisoners, I 
 was attached to the general hospital. I had 
 frequenily officiated as an assistant surgeon, both 
 in the 9th and 23d regiments ; and sometimes, 
 when we h ad not a professional surgeon, I had 
 endeavoured to do that duty, to the best of my 
 knowledge." His petition for a pension, 25 
 years after his discharge, gives his own summary 
 of his military career. 
 
Explanatory Chapter, xcv 
 
 " Dublin, January 7, 1809. 
 "To His Royal Highness the Duke of York, 
 Commander in Chief of His Majesty's Forces ; 
 the Memorial of R. Lamb, late Serjeant in the 
 Royal Welch Fuzileers, 
 
 " Humbly shewcth, 
 
 " That Memorialist served in the Army 
 twelve years, in the 9th and 23d Regiments of 
 Foot, eight years of which was in America, 
 under the command of Generals Burgoyne and 
 Cornwallis; during which time he was in Six 
 pitched Battles, Four Sieges, several important 
 Expeditions, was twice taken prisoner, and as 
 often made his escape to the British Army : viz. 
 First, in 1778, when prisoner with General Bur- 
 goyne's Army, he escaped, with two men, whom 
 he brought with him to General Sir "Henry 
 Clinton, at New York; Secondly, in 1782, 
 when taken with Lord Cornwallis's Army, he 
 eluded the vigilance of the American guards, 
 and conducted under his command, seven men 
 to Sir Guy Carleton, the then Commander in 
 Chief in said City, to both of whom he gave 
 most important Intelligence respecting the 
 enemy's Army, for which service he was ap- 
 pointed by General Birch, then commandant of 
 the City, his first Clerk, and Adjutant to the 
 Merchants* Corps of Volunteers there. 
 
 "That in the battle of Camden, in South 
 Carolina, he had the honour of carrying the Regi- 
 
xcvi Explanatory Chapter, 
 
 mental Colours, and immediately after was ap- 
 pointed temporary Surgeon to the Regiment, 
 having had some little knowledge of physic, and 
 received the approbation of all his Officers for 
 his care of the sick and wounded. 
 
 "That at the battle of Guilford Court- House, 
 in North Carolina, he had the heartfelt pleasure 
 of saving Lord Cornwallis from being taken 
 prisoner, and begs leave with profound deference 
 to state, that he was always chosen one of the 
 first Serjeants to execute any enterprise that re- 
 quired intrepidity, decision, and judgment for its 
 accomplishment. 
 
 " That Memorialist being now far advanced 
 in life, humbly solicits your Royal Highness to 
 recommend him for a military pension, which 
 would smooth his declining years, and be most 
 gratefully received as a remuneration for the 
 many times he has risked his life and limbs in 
 his Majesty's service. 
 
 " That for the truth of these facts, he most 
 humbly refers to General H. Calvert and 
 Colonel Makenzie." 
 
 " To which Memorial the following Answer 
 was received : 
 
 Adjutant General's Office. 
 
 The Adjutant-General informs Serjeant 
 Roger Lamb, that the usual Authority has 
 
 « 
 
Explanatory Cfiapter, xcvii 
 
 been given by the Secretary at War, for placing 
 him upon the Out Pension of Chelsea Hospital, 
 dispensing with his personal appearance before 
 the Board. 
 
 " Horse- Guards, 25th Jan., 1809." 
 
 Thomas Anburey was the author of Travels 
 through the Interior Parts of America. In a Series 
 of Letters. By an officer — published in London in 
 1789, a new edition of which appeared in 1791. 
 Two French translations of this work were 
 issued at Paris, one in 1790, and the other in 
 1793; and a German translation, published 
 at Berlin, appeared in ^792. Anburey em- 
 barked at Cork for Quebec, as a volunteer, with 
 the care of some recruits for the 47th Foot, on 
 board the transport Howe, about the middle of 
 August, 1776; and, after a fatiguing passage of 
 eleven weeks, attended with no little danger, 
 safely arrived at his destination. He spent the 
 winter at Montreal, and in 1777 ^^^^ P*''^ *" 
 Burgoyne's campaign, being attached, as a 
 volunteer, to the grenadier company of the 29th 
 Foot, then commanded by Lord Petersham. 
 He was at the battle of Hubbardton ; and 
 August 10, i777f he received a commission as 
 ensign in the 24th Foot.* He was at Freeman's 
 Farm and Bemus' Heights, was included in the 
 Saratoga Convention, and remained in captivity 
 till Sept., 1 78 1, the last of which month he em- 
 m 
 
xcviii Explanatory Chapter, 
 
 barked at New York, on the packet Swallow, 
 for England, arriving at Falmouth on the 1 5th 
 of the following December.** His name appears 
 in the British Army Lists for the last time in 
 1782; and he must have left the army late in 
 1782, or early in 17S3, as John Britland Hol- 
 lings was gazetted Feb. 19, 1783, as an ensign 
 in the 24th Foot, vice Anburey. No trace of 
 this officer's subsequent jareer has been found. 
 The United Service Journal for Dec, 1840, 
 part 3, p. 517, contains a sketch of Sir Thomas 
 Anburey, K. C. B., of the Bengal Engineers, 
 who was commissioned as ensign of engineers 
 by the Court of Directors, July 9, 1783 ; and 
 who died March 31, 1840, aged 80 ; ^j years 
 of his life having been spent in the East India 
 Company's service. Sir Thomas might well 
 enough have been the ensign of that name on 
 Burgoyne's campaign, for when he entered the 
 East India service he must have been 23 ; and, 
 had he entered the British army in 1776, he 
 would then have been 16, which was not too 
 young for him to have joined the service, as 
 Lamb, in his Memoir, in speaking of the battle 
 of Hubbardton, says — "Three subalterns of the 
 20th regiment on this occasion, the oldest of 
 whom did not exceed the age of seventeen years, 
 were buried together." The sketch of Sir 
 Thomas, above alluded to, makes no mention of 
 his having served in the British army, nor to his 
 
Explanatory Chapter, xcix 
 
 having written a book of travels in America, 
 which militates against the probability of his 
 being the same person as the ensign in the 24th 
 Foot, of the same name. 
 
 Before concluding, some mention of two of 
 the authorities, frequently referred to in this 
 volume, should, likewise, be made. The Haldi- 
 mand Papers used by the editor, is the copy in 
 the Archives of the Dominion of Canada at 
 Ottawa, made from the original in the British 
 Museum, and which have never been printed. 
 When the editor was in Ottawa, in 1881, but 
 about one hundred of the two hundred and 
 thirty odd volumes composing the set, had been 
 copied, and hence that is all to which he has 
 had access. 
 
 The British Army Lists, which have fur- 
 nished a vast fund of information for the bio- 
 graphical sketches of officers mentioned in this 
 volume, date, by authority ^ from 1741 ; but the 
 set in the Astor Library — the one used by the 
 editor — only extends back to 1754. The early 
 volumes do not contain the regiments on the 
 Irish Establishment, and the first twenty-four 
 volumes have no indexes. Indeed the Army 
 List of 1765 is the first to contain an index of 
 officers of cavalry and infantry regiments on 
 active service; and that of 1789, an index of 
 half-pay officers. The List of 1785 is the first 
 to include in its index, the officers of the Royal 
 
c Explanatory Chapter, 
 
 Artillery and Royal Engineers on active service; 
 and it was not until i 803 that the indexes were 
 sufficiently perfected to include officers on full, 
 and half-pay, all together. The indexes for 
 years were wretched affairs, and the Lists them- 
 selves are full of errors and omissions ; so that it 
 becomes a writer, that delves in them for infor- 
 mation, and relies on them for facts, to have the 
 distinct understanding with his reauers, that his 
 statements are, in accountants' parlance, made 
 " with errors and omissions excepted." [*B. T. 
 under Bremer of the Priory. *B. H. 'G. .U 
 *E. Z, ^H. I. 'C. Z. 179,399. ^E. N. 475. 
 'E. A. 1118. 'U. 439, '°B. S. '4C. S. 400. 
 "B. N. 96, app. 27. "B. H : K. S. 133 : G. E. 
 •*L. T. 852 : G. D. '^G. 939-941 : H. 456-458: 
 K. D. 346, 370. '^G. 1186: H. F. 198, 305, 
 342, 368, 387 : K. M. 32, 33, 38, 39, 42: G. 
 V. 71. '^K. E. 147: K. L. 61, 66. '*G. 1081 : 
 H. 458. "G. 940 : H. 803, 1005. "'G. 940 : F. 
 903. "H. F, 90: C. U. 21, 23. "G. N. ^'E. 6. 
 •^G. V. 65. ^'B. N. app. 28. ^'G. V. ^^E. Z. 
 ^Q. Z. 164, 316, 417. ^^C. Z. 281 : D. C. i-]-]. 
 »°C.Z. "K. M. 154. '*I. T. 12, 15, 25, 28, 29. 
 "H. 271, 276, 358. '*K. M: K. N: .BM. 
 155-164: H. 273-276. "B.N. app. 34: K. M : 
 K. N: B. M: E. Z. '"K. L. 112-115, 129, 131: 
 B. N 87. "K. L. 125. '*M. L. 170. "D. R. 
 *"A. T. 118, 150. *'I. 1104. '♦^B. N, app. 32. 
 «B. N. app. 33. ^M. B. 455-457. '^^H. J. 123. 
 **0. P. ^'H. T. T. 296.J 
 
LIEUT. HADDEN'S JOURNAL. 
 
 ARCH 4th 1776, I embarked on 
 board an Ordnance Transport, des- 
 tined for iluebec, and lost sight of 
 England May 2nd, 1776. 
 
 After a pleasant passage 1 arrived on the Coast 
 of America and discover'd Land the 21st June, 
 and on the 1 2th July landed at Quebec. 
 
 The T3th July I disembarked the Light Ar- 
 tillery &c., and putting them on board Batteaux's, 
 with the Detachment proceeded up the St. Law- 
 rence. In Lake St. Piere, we met with such 
 violent weather as to oblige us to run the Bat- 
 teaux's on the Lee Shore, where we landed the 
 Stores, as many of the Batteaux's filled with 
 water ; the day tbllowing being more moderate we 
 proceeded on our route. Arriving at the conflux 
 of the St. Lawrence and Sorei Rivers we proceeded 
 up the latter ; there being a very strong current, 
 the Canadian Boat-men landed and drew us up 
 with Cords. 
 
2 
 
 Lieut, HaddetCs JournaL 
 
 July 23d, I arrived at Chamblee Fortj errected 
 at the lower part of the Rapids which break off 
 the water communication to St. Johns, a distance 
 of 15 miles. 
 
 The Fort at Chamblee or rather the Shell of a 
 large square House loop holed, is an ancient 
 structure raised about 50 Feet, totaly of Masonry 
 and intended as a defence against the sudden 
 attack of the Savages. It was surrender'd by 
 Major StopfordQ (last year) to the Rebels (who 
 brought I Gun & a Horse load of powder 
 against it,) after firing a few Shot : and he neg- 
 
 q. The Honorable Joseph Stop- 
 ford was the fourth ton of Jame* Stop- 
 ford, first Viscount Stopford and Earl of 
 Courtown, in the Irish Peerage, by his 
 wife, Elizabeth, only daughter of Doct. 
 Edward Smyth, Lord Bishop of Down 
 and Connor, and was baptized Nov. ii, 
 1 74 1.' He probably entered the mili- 
 tary service Nov. 6, 17S9» ** * cornet. 
 in the i8th Light Dragoons; but this 
 cannot be affirmed positively, as no Chris- 
 tian name of the Stopford in the 
 
 1 8th Dragoons is given in the Army 
 Lists. Be that as it may, however, he 
 was commissioned as captain in the 107th 
 Foot, or Queen's Own Royal Regiment 
 of British Volunteers, Oct 12, 1761, a 
 new regiment just raised, and which was 
 reduced at the peace of 1763, the officers 
 going upon half pay. He soon returned 
 to service again as he was commissioned 
 as captain in the 7th Foot, or Royal 
 Fuzileers, March 10, 1764, and major, 
 Oct. 27, 177a, accompanying his regi- 
 ment to America in 1774.' As stated in 
 the text, he was captured at Chambly, 
 but he seems not to have been over 
 mindful of the obligations of his parole 
 
 while a prisoner, as we find in the doings 
 of Congress for Dec. 4, 1775, the fol- 
 lowing entry j — " Information being 
 given to Congress that Major Stopford, 
 notwithstanding his parole, is endeavour- 
 ing to debauch the minds of the people, 
 Resoi-ved, That the Delegates of New 
 Jersey be directed to write to the Com- 
 mittee of Trenton, and desire them to 
 inquire into the conduct and behaviour of 
 Major Stopford and the officers there, 
 and report to Congress. "3 He became 
 a lieut.-col. in the army, Aug. 29, 
 1777, and lieut.-col. of t.he 15th Foot 
 Jan. 31, 1778, which regiment was then 
 in America. His last commission was ai 
 colonel in the army, and was dated Nov. 
 20, 1782.' He died unmarried at Wex- 
 ford, in Ireland, June 29, 1786. Hit 
 eldest brother, James, was the second Earl 
 of Courtown, in the Irish Peerage, and 
 first Lord Saltersford, in the British Peer- 
 age. His second brother, Edward, be- 
 came a major-general ; and his third 
 brother, Thomas, became Lord Bishop of 
 Cork and Ross, the family consisting of 
 six sons and six daughters.' [' C. D. 449. 
 •B. H. 3E. 1941.] 
 
Lieut, Hodden's JournaL 3 
 
 lecting to destroy a large quantity of powder 
 then in the Forty they were enabled to return 
 and attack Fort St. John. The powder might 
 have been thrown into the Rapids as the Fort is 
 immediately above them. There was also a fVell 
 in the Fort. Timidity and Folly in this instance 
 seems to have been the cause of all the succeed- 
 ing misfortunes in Canada. I did not learn that 
 any Men were Killed or wounded in the Fort, 
 and it certainly might have held out long enough 
 for the Enemy to have expended all thetr ammu- 
 nition, in which case they must have abandoned 
 their enterprise. On the contrary with the above 
 supplies they besieged and took St. Johns in 
 about Six weeks. 
 
 July 24th I waited on M. Gen'l Phillips'* & 
 made my report, and on the 25th he was 
 pleased to give out the following order. 
 
 Brigade Orders. Chamblee 
 Camp 25th July 1776. 
 
 "Lieut. Hadden having joined the Detachment 
 and made his report to Major Gen'l Phillips, the 
 Major Gen'l in justice to him declares himself 
 perfectly satisfied with every step he has taken in 
 which he has conducted himself in all respects 
 like a good Officer" 
 (Signed) T. Blomfield.« Maj*r of Brig. &c. 
 
 r. Sec Appendix I. i. See Appendix i. 
 
4. Lieut, HadderCs JournaL 
 
 About the 2nd of August, Brigadier Gen'l Gor- 
 don ' was wounded and died. Lord Petersham «* 
 
 t. Pitrick Gordon wai commisiioaed 
 capt. -lieutenant of the Royals, or ist 
 Foot, Jan. 12,1755. He was promoted 
 to be captain in the ad Battalion of that 
 regiment, Feb. 16, 1756, and major of 
 the 108th Foot, Oct. 17, 1761. At 
 the peace of 1763 the io8th was dis- 
 banded, and he went upon half pay. 
 He became a lieut.-colonel in the army 
 May 25, 1772; and on the 7th of 
 Feb., 1777, he returned to active ser- 
 vice as lieut.-colonel of the 29th Foot, 
 which was then under orders for Can- 
 ada. He crossed the Atlantic with his 
 corps in the spring of that year, and soon 
 after his arrival in Canada was appointed 
 a brigadier general, his brigade consist- 
 ing of the 2ist, 62dand 29th regiments. 
 He was posted at Montreal until June 
 1 8th, 1776, when he was ordered to La 
 Prairie, at which post he commanded 
 when he died. 
 
 The British version of Gordon's death 
 as given by Anburey in the first volume 
 of his Travels, p. 256, is as follows: 
 ^'In my last I mentioned to you the 
 name of one, Whitcomb, a native of 
 ■Connecticut, and a great partizan of the 
 Americans, who, after the defeat upon 
 the Lakes, offered his service to venture 
 through the woods, and bring in prisoner 
 an English ufiicer, for which purpose he 
 ^stationed himself among the thickest 
 copses that are between La Pratri and St 
 John's. The first officer who happened 
 to pass him was Brigadier General 
 Gordon ; he was mounted on a spirited 
 horse, and Whitcomb thinking there 
 was little probabllty of seizing him, fired 
 at and wounded him in the shoulder. 
 The General immediately rode as fast as 
 he could to the camp at St John's, which 
 he had but just reached, when with loss of 
 
 blood and fatiane, be fiell from hU hone; 
 some soldiers took him op and carried 
 him to the hospital, where, after hii 
 wound was dressed, and be wa* a little 
 at ease, he related tbe circumatance, 
 which being immediately made known 
 to General Carleton, a party of Indians 
 were sent out to Koor tbe woods, and 
 search for Whitcomb, bat in vain, as he 
 hastened back to Ticonieroga. General 
 Carleton, however, imagining be might 
 be lurking about tbe w<m>1s, or secreted 
 in the house of some disaflected Can- 
 adian, issued out a proclamation among 
 the inhabitants, oflcring a reward of 
 fifty guineas to any one that would bring 
 Whitcomb, alive or dead, to the camp. 
 A few days after tb'^s General Gordon 
 died of his wound, in wboae death we 
 sincerely lamented tbe la» of a brave and 
 experienced officer. When Whitcomb 
 returned to Ticonderoga, and informed 
 the General who commanded there, that 
 although be could not take an officer 
 prisoner, he believed be bad m irtally 
 wounded one, the General expressed his 
 disapprobation in the highest terms, and 
 was so much displeased at the trans- 
 action, that Whitcomb, in order to ef- 
 fect a reconciliation, oflned bis service 
 to go again, professing be would forfiut 
 his life, if he did not return with a pris- 
 oner." 
 
 The American account as given by 
 Wilkinson, Gates's aid, reflects much 
 more strongly upon tbe perpe tra tor. 
 Wilkinson calls bim an assassin, inti- 
 mates that he ibot the British general 
 in the hope of plunder, which is un- 
 doubtedly incorrect, and closes hia nar- 
 rative of the affair in this wise — "Thi« 
 abominable outrage on the customs of 
 war and the laws of hnminitj, produced 
 
 u. See Appendix 3. 
 
Lieut, Hadde?i*s yQurnaL 
 
 narrowly escaped the same fate. The distance 
 between St. Johns 2indi Montreal, passing by Cham- 
 bleey is about 30 Miles : on this Road the Army 
 lay encamped or Canton'd, but there was a shorter 
 route by La Prairie, and this tho. unguarded, was 
 thought secure from the distance & panic of 
 the Enemy, and Officers constantly trnvell'd it 
 without escorts. The Rebels having information 
 of this circumstance and wishing for intelligence, 
 detached one Whitcomby with four others to way 
 lay this Road, and they succeeded but too well. 
 Whitcomb shot Gen'l Gordon when he might have 
 taken him Prisoner. The day following he seized 
 
 a sensation of strong disgust in the army, 
 ■nd men of sensibility and honour did not 
 conceal their abhorrence of its perpe- 
 trator. Yet it was impossible, in the tem- 
 per of the times, to bring him to punish- 
 ment, without disaffecting the fighting 
 men on that whole frontier. But if he 
 could not be punished consistently with 
 sound policy, yet his promotion to a 
 Biajority the ensuing winter, not only 
 sanctioned the murder but rewarded the 
 murderer." 
 
 Whitcomb's own report of his con- 
 duct is to be found in the American 
 Archives, 5 Series, Vol. I, 828, and is 
 entitled "A journal of a Scout from 
 Crown-Point, to St. John's, Chambly, 
 ftc„, &c., by Lieutenant Benjamin Whit- 
 comb and four men, as follows"; &c., 
 &c. It covers the time from July 
 I4tl), the day of his setting out, to Au- 
 gust 6th, the day of his return. Th« 
 journal for July ajd, a+th, and a5th, is 
 u follows : "Twenty-third, early in the 
 morning, I returned to my former place 
 of abode, staid there the whole day, saw 
 
 twenty three carts laden with barrels 
 and tents going to St John's. Twenty- 
 fourth, staid at the same place till about 
 twelve o'clock, then fired on an officer, 
 and moved immediately into Chambly 
 road ; being discovered, retreated back 
 into the woods and staid till night; 
 then taking the road and passing the 
 guards till I came below Chambly, find- 
 ing myself discovered, was obliged to 
 conceal myself in the brush till dark. The 
 15th instant, on which I made my es- 
 cape by the guards, I saw upwards of 
 forty carts preparing to go to St. John'i, 
 and I judge there were lying at that place 
 and on the road about one full regiment 
 of Regulars." From Whitcomb's man- 
 ner of writing it would seem that he 
 was ignorant of the character of the 
 officer he had shot, at the time of mak- 
 ing the entry in his journal. 
 
 Gen. Gordon died of his wounds Aug. 
 1st, and was buried at Montreal on thi 
 3d, with full military honors. [B. H. 
 M. T. 6y. H. y. 45. K. M. 58. 
 F. E. »9. F. B. zo. ] 
 
6 Lieut. HadderCs Journal, 
 
 & carried off, the Qr. Master « of the 29th Reg't 
 and a Noncommissioned Officer, who knew 
 nothing of the late accident. Whitcomb returned 
 by the edge of Lake Champlain and got safe into 
 Tyconderoga with his Prisoners tho. pursued by 
 the Savages. 
 
 A Flag of Truce arriving from the Rebels occa- 
 sioned the following production. 
 
 •V. Alexander Saunders became the 
 quarter-master of the 29th Foot, Sept. 
 17, 1775, and an eniign Feb. 27, 1776.' 
 The American Lieut. Whitcomb with 
 two men disguised a* countrymen, left 
 Ticonderoga on a scout in August, 1776, 
 and the following extract from his jour 
 nal for Sept. 1 3, and tome subsequent 
 days, refers to Quarter-master Saunders. 
 "13th, saw seventy-two /n^aiii, armed, 
 returning from St. Ji.hnt for Montreal. 
 Before they were out of my tight, I saw 
 two persons coming after them; when 
 they came against me, I found them to 
 be the enemy ; I immediately stepped out 
 and told them they were my prisoners, 
 and must immediately go to Ticonderoga 
 and see General Gates. They asked me 
 whether I was not a Canadian, at they 
 were sure I was no soldier. I told them 
 soldier or not, they must go with me ; 
 and I immediately ordered tbem to march 
 out of the road ; and they then offered 
 me sums of money to let them go. I 
 told them I would not for all the money 
 King George was worth. We marched 
 that night about eight miles. The 14th, 
 marched about twelve miles; iSth, 
 came to the place where the vessels lay 
 when I left them, and found them gone, 
 which surprised the prisoners very much, 
 at we were just out of provitiont, and we 
 were greatly afraid of itarving. I told 
 them their fleet had most certainly taken 
 
 ours or drove them off, with an intent to 
 try them. They asked me the strength 
 of our fleet ; I told them ; they said it 
 was impossible for them to drive ut, that 
 our fleet had not gone far. We marched 
 about six miles, and came in sight of a 
 fleer, to a river which we could not pats. 
 The Indians frequently came there to 
 view our vessels, and the ground being 
 so wet in other places we were obliged to 
 lie there that night, and tent off a man 
 to the vessels, who arrived next day 
 about ten o'clock with a batteau — he 
 crossed the river on a small raft. i6tb, 
 we immediately went on board the bat- 
 teau, and in about two hours got to the 
 vessels." On the 2itt they arrived at 
 Ticonderoga.' G«n. Gates, in forwarding 
 Lieut. Whitcomb't report to the preti- 
 dent of congress under date of Sept. 30th, 
 says ; "Your Excellency will find in the 
 packet an extract of Lieutenant ff^bit- 
 comb's journal of his last scout to St 
 John's. I have taken Ensign and Quar- 
 ter-master Saunders's parole, and ordered 
 him and his servant, the corporal, to 
 Lancaster in Pennsylvania. I must now 
 beg leave to recommend Lieutenant fVbit- 
 comb as a very proper person to have 
 the command of two independent com- 
 panies of fifty men each, to be recruited 
 by himself, and the officers to be com- 
 missioned agreeable to his recommenda- 
 tion. I never knew any man more 
 
Lieut. HaddefCs Journal » 
 
 Orders by Gen'l Carlton. 
 Head Quarters Quebec Augt. 4th, 1776. 
 
 "The commanding Officers of Corps will take 
 especial care that every one under their command 
 be informed, that Letters, or messages from Rebels, 
 Traitors in Arms against the King, Rioters, dis- 
 turbers of the public Peace, Plunderers, Robbers, 
 Assassins, or Murderers, are on no occasion to 
 be admitted : That shou'd emmissaries from such 
 lawless Men again presume to approach the 
 
 capable of doing good service in the 
 ranging or scouting way, than Lieutenant 
 fyhitcomb ; and his sobriety, honour, and 
 truth, illustrate his military talents."3 
 
 The British Ensign Anburey, in his 
 Travels, under date of June 12th, 1777, 
 gives Saunders* version of his experience 
 as follows, the extract from Anburey 
 being a continuation of that given in 
 the sketch of Gen. Gordon. "He," 
 (», e. Whitcomb) "accordingly, with two 
 other men, proceeded down Laice Cham- 
 plain, in a canoe, to a small creek, where 
 the" secreted it, and repaired to the 
 wooa . to the same spot where Whit- 
 coikt'i had stationed himself before ; the 
 two men lay concealed a little way in the 
 wood, whilst he skulked about the bor- 
 ders of it. The regiment of which our 
 
 firiend S is Quarter-master, having 
 
 occasion for some stores from Montreal, 
 he was going from the camp at St. John's 
 to procure them ; he was advised not to 
 go this road, but by way of Chamblee, on 
 account of the late accident, but you 
 know him to be a man of great bravery 
 and personal courage, joined with uncom- 
 mon strength; resolving not co go so 
 many miles out of his road for any Whit- 
 
 comb whatever, he jocosely added, that 
 he should be very glad to meet with him, 
 as he was sure he should get the reward ; 
 in this, howevet, he was greatly mistaken, 
 his reward being no other than that of being 
 taken prisoner himself. Previous to his 
 setting out he took every precaution, har- 
 ing not only loaded his fusee, but charged 
 a brace of pistols ; when he came near 
 to the woods I have already described, 
 he was very cautious, but in an instant, 
 Whitcomb and the two men he had with 
 him sprung from behind a thick bush, 
 and seized him before he could make the 
 least resistance ; they then took from 
 him his fusee and pistols, tied his arms 
 behind him with ropes, and blind-folded 
 him. It was three days before they 
 reached the canoe that had been con- 
 cealed, during which time they had but 
 very scanty fare ; a few hard biscuit! 
 served to allay hunger, while the fruit of 
 the woods was a luxury ! When Whit- 
 comb had marched him to such a dis- 
 tance as he thought he could not make 
 his escape, were he at liberty, through 
 fear of losing himself, for the greater ease 
 on his own part, and to facilitate their 
 march, they untied his hands, and took 
 
Lieut, Hadden*s yot^rnai. 
 
 Army, whether undc the name of Flag of Truce 
 Men or Ambassadors except when they come to 
 implore the King's mercy, their persons shall be 
 immediately seized and committed to close con- 
 finement to be proceeded against as the Law di- 
 rects : Their Papers & Letters for whomsoever 
 directed ( even this Com'r in Chief ^) are to be 
 deliver'd to the Provost Martial, that unread and 
 unopen'd they may be burnt by the hands of the 
 common Hangman ; at the same time the Com'r 
 in Chief expects, that, neither the assasination of 
 
 the cloth from his eyes. Only picture to 
 yourself what must have been his feelings, 
 at seeing himself in the midst of a thick 
 wood, surrounded by three desperate fel- 
 lows, and uncertain as to their intentions ! 
 At night, when they had partaken of their 
 scanty pittance, two out of the three used 
 to sleep, whilst the other kept watch. 
 The first night he slept through fatigue; 
 on the second, as you may naturally sup- 
 pose, from his great anxiety of mind, he 
 could not close his eyes, in the middle of 
 which an opportunity occurred whereby he 
 could have effected his escape, for the 
 man whose watch it was, fell fast asleep. 
 He has since told me how his mind wa- 
 vered for a length of time, what measures 
 to pursue ; he could not bear the idea of 
 putting them to death, though justified 
 by the rules of war : if he escaped from 
 them, they might in all probability re- 
 take and ill-treat him. The great haz- 
 ard of all, which determined him to abide 
 by his fate, was, that by being so many 
 miles in a tract of wood, where he could 
 not tell what direction to take (having 
 been blind-folded when he entered it) he 
 might possibly wander up and down till 
 he perished with hunger. In this restless 
 state, he remained till day-break, when 
 they returned their march, and in the 
 
 evening came to the creek where the 
 canoe was concealed; they then secured 
 him again, put him in the canoe, and 
 proceeded up the lake to Ticonderoga, 
 where they arrived early the next morn- 
 ing. When they landed him he was 
 again blind-folded, that he might not see 
 their works, and thus conducted to the 
 General, whose only motive for endeav- 
 ouring to get an ofHcer was, either by 
 threats or intreaties, to gain information 
 relative to our army. In this, however, 
 he was greatly disappointed, and as he 
 could not obtain the least intelligence 
 from our friend, he ordered him at 
 prisoner of war upon his parole, to some 
 of the interior towns, from which place, 
 as I informed you in my last, he is just 
 returned, as hearty and well as ever."^ 
 
 Ensign Saunders was promoted to be 
 lieutenant, May lo, 1781, and captain, 
 Aug. 25, 1790. He appears as quarter- 
 master for the last time in the Army List 
 of 1 792, and his name appears in the 
 Army Lists for the last time in 1794.' 
 ['B. H. »J. 482. 3 J. 615. ♦O. 
 258-263.] 
 
 tv. Sir Wm. Howe was Com'r in 
 Chief to the Southward of Canada. 
 [Haddtn't JVoM.] 
 
Lieut. HadderCs ^JourtiaL 9 
 
 Brig'r Gen'l Gordon, nor the late notorious 
 breach of Faith in resolving not to return the 
 Troops & Canadians taken at St John's in ex- 
 change for Rebels who fell into the hands of the 
 Savages at the Cedres and ^inchen^ purchased 
 from them at a great price and returned on the 
 express conditions, be imputed to the Provinces 
 at large but to a few wretched and designing Men 
 who first deceived, then led the credulous Multi- 
 tude to the brink of Ruin ; afterwards usurp'd 
 authority over them & established a despotic 
 Tyranny by the general destruction of their 
 Country. Let their crimes pursue these faith- 
 less bloody minded, who assert that black is ivhite^ 
 and white black ; it belongs to Britons to distin- 
 guish themselves not less by their humanity than 
 their Valour. It belongs to the Kings Troops to 
 save the blood of his deluded subjects whose 
 greatest fault perhaps is having been deceived by 
 such Men, to their own destruction : It belongs 
 to the Crown, and it is the duty of all faithful 
 Servants of the Crown to rescue from oppression 
 and restore to liberty the once happy. Free and 
 Loyal People of this Continent, 
 
 All Prisoners from the Rebellious Provinces who 
 chuse to return home are to hold themselves in 
 
 X, The reader ii referred to the sketch some of the prisoners taken at the Cedars 
 
 of Major Forster, to be found later on, were butchered by the savage allies of the 
 
 for some description of the affair at the British. The reference in the text is. 
 
 Cedars. Quinchen, a corruption of the practically, to but one affiur, and that i» 
 
 French Sluinsu Chitni, was a place where to the Ceidars. 
 
JO Lieut. HadderCs Journal, 
 
 readiness to be embarked at a short notice ; Mr 
 Commissary Murrayy shall visit the Transports 
 destined for them and see that wholesome Provis- 
 ions, necessary Cloathing with all possible conve- 
 niences for their passage be prepared for those un- 
 fortunate Men; they are to look on their respective 
 provinces as their Prison, and there remain 'till 
 further enlarged or summon'd to appear before the 
 Commander in Chief of this Province or any other 
 Com'r in Chief for the time being, which sum- 
 mons *hey shall obey; Gen'l Howe^ will regulate 
 their place of landing. These Orders to be read 
 by a Non commissioned Officer to every Com- 
 pany three different days, 
 
 (Signed) Edw'd Foy «« 
 
 Dep'y Adj. General. 
 
 ^ebec is the capital of Canada a very strong 
 tho. miserable looking place when in it. Sailing 
 towards it, it has a very beautiful appearance. It 
 is divided into an upper & lower Town, the pas- 
 
 y. Commiisary Murray, it it pre- in the Saratoga Convention, his name ap> 
 
 sumed, was Lieut. J^mes Murray, who pearingon the Cambridge parole. He wa< 
 
 was quarter-mancr of the 9th Foot. He promoted to be a captain March 31,1787, 
 
 became quarter master of the 9th, Jan. and he appears on active service for the 
 
 18, 1770, and so continued till 1783, or last time in the LUt of 1789, when he 
 
 early in 1784. He became an ensign in exchanged into the 94th Foot on half 
 
 that regiment Sept. 26, •77», and a lieu- pay. He never re-entered active service, 
 
 tenant March z, 1776. He accompanied and he appears on the Army Lists for 
 
 his regiment to Canada in the spring of the last time in 1819. [ B. H. 6. 
 
 1776, where he served the remainder of V. 175.] 
 that year; and he participated in Bnr- 
 
 |oyne's campaign the next year. He was z. See Appendix 4 
 wounded in Lieut. CoL HilFs attack on 
 Fort Ann, July 9, 1777, and was included aa. See Appendix 5. 
 
Lieut, HadderCi Journal, 1 1 
 
 sage from one to the other is very steep, and be- 
 ing unpaved is dirty in wet weather and slippery 
 in Frosty : at the time I saw it many of the 
 Houses in the lower Town (which lays at the 
 waters edge) were burnt. In the upper Town, 
 there is a Bishop's Palace, House for the Governor, 
 Barracks for Regiments, and some Convents of 
 Nuns & Friars. The defences of the upper 
 Town are seperated from those of the lower. 
 Like most other American Town's, this is situate 
 on a point of Land between the St Lawrence and 
 Charles Rivers. these secure its Flanks and 
 make an attack only possible towards the Country, 
 on the Plains of Abraham, a little above which 
 Gen'l Wolfe 'anded last War, and the French 
 chose rather to risque a Battle than quietly give 
 him possession of those heights, he was killed 
 but the Army proved victorious, and the Gar- 
 rison surrendered soon after. Batteries may be 
 erected on Point Levi the opposite head land, 
 the St Lawrence being here about looo yds. 
 wide, and the two banks are nearly of a height, 
 a numerous Garrison wou*d probably occupy both 
 places, as otherwise they cou'd not effectualy 
 secure the Shipping. 
 
 The Falls of Montmorency are within a few 
 Miles of Quebec & seen from it. Trois Rivieres 
 so called from three Rivers meeting at that place, 
 is but a Village containing about lOO Houses & 
 a place of no Trade. As Quebec receives and for- 
 
12 Lieut, Hodden's Journal, 
 
 wards up the Country all European produce, so, 
 Montreal, the second Town in the Province, and 
 1 80 Miles above ^ebec^ receives all the Furs &c. 
 coming from the Indian Country thro, the upper 
 Lakes, from whence it is sent to Quebec or for- 
 warded to the European Markets, most of the 
 Indian Traders reside here, and the Congress's of 
 Savages are usually held in this Place. 
 
 The Town of Montreal i« built on an Island of 
 that name 15 Miles long & about 9 Broad, very 
 fertile and more highly cultivated than any other 
 part of Canada : The Town contains several 
 Convents and about 700 Houses, including the 
 three suburbs, it is secured on one side by the 
 River St Lawrence, and all around the Town is a 
 Ditch defended by a Wall which can only repel 
 a sudden attack being commanded in many places 
 and every where liable to enfilade. There is a 
 Citadel of more moddern work, and in the Town, 
 near to it Barracks for about 1000 Men. The 
 Situation is pleasant and healthy. The Water is 
 uncommonly deep near the Town, and the Navi- 
 gation only interrupted by a strong current, how- 
 ever. Vessels of 300 Ton come up and with a 
 good Wind make way against the current. 
 
 As a proof of the Fertility of the Soil, the 
 People throw all their dung on the Ice in order 
 that it may float away when the Winter breaks up. 
 
 I was present at a Congress of Savages held 
 here. The Men are in general tall, active & 
 
Lieut, Maddens Journal » 13 
 
 well made, qualifactions absolutely necessary for 
 a Race of Hunters : a small Tuft of Hair is left 
 on the back part of their Heads, To which they 
 fasten & wear a feather for every Scalp taken in 
 War, the rest being pluckt out as soon as they 
 arc of an Age to go to War, during this operation 
 the young Hero sings a War Song : Their Ears 
 are slit and they wear a number of small Rings 
 round their seperated Gristle, they also wear mock 
 jewels &c. by way of Ear Rings, and the Gristle 
 of the Nose being bored serves to support a small 
 kind of Silver Bob & Ring. When prepared for 
 War they paint themselves with Vermilion & 
 other colours. Their dress is a Blanket and Arse 
 Clout, or covering for the Privities ; at great 
 War Dances they are sometimes totaly Naked, 
 at the end of the Penis the head & Neck of some 
 handsome bird is fasten'd, the Nation of Fox In- 
 dians were thus equiped on the present occasion, 
 and some others had their Bodies painted in 
 Stripes of different coulours. The Women wear 
 no ornaments except to their Blankets, Leggings 
 
 or Maugisons, all their Hair except on the 
 
 is suffered to grow unmolested and tied in a kind 
 of long Club, with pieces of Red or Blue Cloth : 
 The sprouts on a certain part are carefully pulled 
 out with what is called an Indian Razor. This 
 resembles a cork Screw except in having many 
 more turns ; and being made of wire when com- 
 pressed together lays hold of the devoted Hairs, 
 
14 Lieut, Hadden's JournaL 
 
 and being suddenly pulled off from the part car- 
 ries them with it. The Men get rid of their 
 Beards & all other superfluous Hair in this way. 
 It is to be remarked that the natural inhabitants 
 of the Southern parts of America and indeed 
 all over it have few hairs except those on the 
 Head. Their complexions are swarthy, and their 
 Hair very coarse & black. They (particularly the 
 Women) cover themselves with greese as a de- 
 fence against ye Mousqueeto's & other Flies, this 
 makes them far from tempting and we are there- 
 fore not surprised to see their Women employed 
 in all Laborious occupations (even carrying their 
 Provisions) except Hunting. The Barter with 
 them is Blankets Cloth, Rum and Trinkets, these 
 go up in Canoes which return loaded with Furs 
 of various kinds. The Savages are immoderately 
 fond of SpirritSy of this the Traders make their 
 advantage, tho' sometimes in a state of intoxica- 
 tion the whole is seized and the unhappy Traders 
 scalped. If the Indians have any Religion 'tis 
 Roman Catholic and in many Towns a Priest of 
 that persuasion lives with them. All the Inter- 
 preters are of that Religion ; This might prove 
 bad policy in case of a French attack. 
 
 The Indians are cunning and Treacherous, 
 more remarkable for rapid marches and sudden 
 attacks than Courage. I heard Gen'l Burgoyne '^'^ 
 
 ab. See Appendix 6. 
 
Lieut, Hadden's yournal. 15 
 
 declare that a Thousand Savages brought into 
 the Field cost more than 20.000 Men. The 
 Presents to them are usualy Silver Bracelets, Gold 
 laced Hats, & Coats, Feathers, Paints, Arms of 
 various sorts &c, in all of which both Govern- 
 ment and the Indians are much cheated by the 
 Traders who on these occasions are Interpreters. 
 The Time of amusing them with Tinsel & such 
 Baubles is over they want useful or valuable 
 Trinkets, and will always point to the Broach in 
 their Shirt (a present some of the Nations occa- 
 sionally use) that being Silver & of intrinsic value. 
 
 Their Arms are a Wooden Ball fixed to a 
 handle, a Tommy hawk or hand hatchet, and a 
 Scalping Knife. Those employed in our Service 
 had a kind of light Musquet which they use 
 very skilfully. 
 
 I shall conclude remarking that the most mis- 
 chievous and treacherous Nations are those who 
 are nearest & mix most with the Europeans ; they 
 acquire only our Vices & retain their ferocity. 
 
 The Navy were employed in attempts to carry 
 Flat-bottom'd Vessels from Chambke to St Johns, 
 there to be launched for the expedition across 
 Lake Champlain. They did not however succeed, 
 and therefore Transported the Vessels in Pieces, 
 & Batteaux's only were sent on Carriages. 
 
 During this time the Rebels with a Brigg they 
 had taken from St. Johns, and Five other Vessels 
 
1 6 Lieut, Had den's Journal, 
 
 advanced to Point Au Per, in Lake Champlain 
 but returned without attempting anything. 
 
 About the 5th of October everything being 
 ready, a Fleet consisting of One Ship, Two 
 Schooners, One Radeau oo. One Gondolas, and 22 
 Gun Boats, proceeded from St. Johns, up the Sorel 
 Rivery to the entrance of Lake Champlain, at the 
 Isle Aux Noix 1 5 Miles from St. Johns. They took 
 in their Guns there being in many parts only 8 or 
 9 Feet water between those places. Is/e Aux 
 Noix is about a Mile in Length and 5 hundred 
 Yds wide, very defensible, rising in the middle 
 and being marshy near the water on both sides 
 & ends ; indeed on the Sorel side the opposite 
 shore (about 600 yds) Batteries might be errected 
 and of course greatly facilitate the reduction of 
 the Island, which is the Frontier of Canada on 
 that side, and prevents the passage of Shipping 
 &c. to attack St. Johns the Frontier on the Con- 
 tinent. Works were thrown up here, a Depot 
 of Provisions made & a Garrison left to secure it. 
 The Fleet proceeded to Point Au Per 18 Miles, 
 leaving the Army encamped at River La Cole 9 
 Miles short of it on the Eastern "<^ shore of the 
 
 ac. "The Thunderer (a radeau), of it was a powerful and effective craft." 
 
 14 heavy guns The Radeau was [N. 440.] 
 
 an unique structure which is often men- 
 tioned in the naval annals of the northern ad. The river la CoUe, or la Cole as 
 lakes. It was scarcely more than a raft Hadden calls it, is on the western .ind 
 or floating battery, but constructed with not on the eastern shore of the lake, 
 great solidity and strength. It was pro- Hadden seemed to think he was going 
 tected only by low and slight bulwarks, north instead of south, as he more than 
 but armed with the heaviest ordnance; once calls the west the east shore. 
 
Lieut, HadderCs JournaL 17 
 
 Lake. There was also a post taken at point Au 
 Fer, a Block House errected and four Companies 
 left to defend it. The 1 oth Oct'r the Fleet pro- 
 ceeded to the Southern end of Isle au Mot on the 
 Eastern side of Lake Champlain, which after- 
 wards widens very considerably, to about 1 2 or 
 15 Miles in many places. The iith Oct'r the 
 Army arrived at Point Au Fer under Gen'l Bur- 
 goyne, and early in the morning the Fleet pro- 
 ceeded under Gen'l Carlton «« & Captain Prin- 
 gle f'f of the Navy. 
 
 at. See Appendix 7. 
 
 of. Thoma« Pringle came from an 
 old Scotch family, many of whose mem- 
 bers attained high and honorable posi- 
 tions. He was a great-grandson of Sir 
 Robert Pringle, Bart., of the house of 
 Stitchel, and the only son of Walter 
 Pringle, an eminent West India merchant 
 and planter in St, Kitt's, who married a 
 Miss Liderdale.' 
 
 Mention of Thomas Pringle in con- 
 nection with the British navy is first 
 found as commander of the armed ship 
 Lord Howe, in Sept., 1776." Later in 
 that month the British squadron on Lake 
 Champlain was put under his command, 
 and he took the Maria, of 14 guns, as his 
 flag-ship. He was ready to sail about Oct. 
 1st; and Oct. iith-ijth he signally de- 
 feated the American Heet under Benedict 
 Arnold, capturing or destroying a num- 
 ber of vessels, and forcing the remainder 
 to take refuge under the guns of Crown 
 Point. ' Towards the middle of Novem- 
 ber he sailed for Europe as the bearer of 
 despatches'*, and he became a post-captain 
 Nov. 25, 1776.5 In the following Jan- 
 uary, when the Ariadne, a new ship of 
 10 guns, was put in commission at Chat- 
 ham, Capt, Pringle was assigned to com- 
 
 mand hei', and the next month he tailed 
 to join the fleet of observation.^ A little 
 later he proceeded with the conroy for 
 Portugal and Gibraltar^, and then joined 
 the West India fleet. During this year the 
 Ariadne captured two American armed 
 vessels, the St. Peter, of 26 guns, and the 
 Gen. Washington, of 18 guns.^ On the 
 9th of March, 1778, Capt. Pringle in the 
 Ariadne, together with the Ceres, of 18 
 guns, under Capt. Dacres, engaged and 
 captured the American cruiser Alfred, of 
 20 nine-pounders, and 108 men. The 
 Alfred's consort, the Raleigh, of 32 guns, 
 abandoned the Alfred without a shot and 
 made good her escape.'" Throughout 
 this year the Ariadne was attached to 
 Admiral Young's, afterwards Rear- 
 Admiral Barrington's fleet at the Lee- 
 ward Islands, where she took many 
 prizes, among them the Moskets, John 
 Harris, commander, of 98 tons and 74 
 men, belonging to Virginia; the 
 Marangoin, John Welsh, command- 
 er, of 70 tons and 50 men, like- 
 wise of Virginia ; and the Johnstone, 
 Charles Strachehen and Thomas Wil- 
 liams, commanders, of 60 tons and 
 30 men — "a piratical armed vessel ;** 
 betides driving two American pnTateers 
 on shore at the island of Guadaloupe." 
 
1 8 Liieut, Haddeii": ^Journal. 
 
 A large Detachment of Savages under Major 
 
 Capt. Pringle's most important service 
 during this year, however, was in captur- 
 ing a French frigate, of 28 guns and 248 
 men, which he touk twenty-four leagues 
 to the north of Jamaica, after an engage- 
 ment of an hour and a half. The 
 Frenchman had 24 men killed and 47 
 wounded, her bowsprit carried away by 
 the first broadside, and her fore and miz- 
 zen masts shut away by the board. The 
 Ariadne had 8 men killed and 16 
 wounded, and the lieutenant of Marines 
 slightly wounded in the foot." Capt. 
 Pringle also bore a part in the naval en- 
 gagement of Dec. 15, 1778, when Count 
 D'Estaing's French fleet twice unsuc- 
 cessfully attacked Rear-Admiral Barring- 
 ton. '3 The Mriadne continued to form 
 a part of the West India fleet in 1779, 
 then under the command of the Hon. 
 John Byron, vice-admiral of the Blue ; 
 and in the sea fight oflf Grenada with the 
 French fleet under the Count D'Estaing 
 July 6th, Capt. Pringle participated, his 
 vessel being in the Center Division.''* In 
 July, 1780, he was appointed to the com- 
 mand of the Daedalus, a new ship of 31 
 guns, then fitting for sea at Liverpool. 'S 
 In this vessel he sailed fur North America 
 and formed part of Vice-Admiral Ar- 
 buthnot's fleet in 1781'*, and of Admiral 
 Digby's fleet in 1782, returning to Eng- 
 land at the close ut that, or the beginning 
 of the following year. 
 
 Capt. Pringle was a member of the 
 court-martial to try the mutineers on 
 board the Raisunable at Chatham in the 
 sprini; of 1783'? ; and then all trace of 
 him is lost till 1790, when he was cap- 
 tain of the Royal George, of 100 guns, 
 then Admiral Barrington's flag ship.'^ 
 April I. 1794, he was commissioned as 
 colonel of his Majesty's Marine Forces'9; 
 and in the naval operations of the Chan- 
 nel fleet under Lord Howe, which culmi- 
 nated on the 1st of June, 1794. in a bril- 
 liant victory over the French fleet under 
 
 Admiral Villaret off Uthant, be bore a 
 distinguished part, for which he received 
 a medal, being then in comnund of the 
 Valiant, of 74 guns ^ Jane 4tb <A this 
 year he was made a rear-admiral oi the 
 Blue'', and June i, 1795, a rearadmiral 
 uf the Red", ab<jut which time he bad hit 
 flag in the North Sca.*^ In May, 1796, 
 Rear-Admiral Pringle sailed to take 
 command at the Cape of Good Hope, 
 and in October of the fbUowiog year his 
 fleet broke into acts of mutiny while ly- 
 ing at anchor in Table Bay. The trouble 
 originated on board the flag-«hip Tremen- 
 dous, of 74 guns, by the crew's rising 
 upon and cunfining the olficeis and threat- 
 ening to try Capt. Stephens by a court- 
 martial composed of seamen and dele- 
 gates, on charges of cmelty and mJKonduct 
 as their captain. In the first instance 
 the mutiny was quickly suppressed, and 
 a free pardungrantcj, but, a linle later, 
 upon one of the crew of the Tremendous 
 being ordered into confinement for a 
 month for drunkenness, it broke out 
 anew. The crew showed great indig- 
 nation at this sentence, and rase again in 
 open mutiny. A council was held on 
 shore, at which the governor. Lord M* 
 Cartney, Gen. Dundas, and Admiral 
 Pringle were present, and it was resolved 
 tu uie force and the most deciiive meas- 
 ures to reduce the mutineers to obedience, 
 and punish the ring leaders. All the 
 bjtteries were manned, and furnaces were 
 prepared for firing hot shot. One hun- 
 dred pieces of cannon were pointed at the 
 Tremendous, and every thing being ready 
 to begin the attack, a procdamadon was 
 isiued at seven o'clock in the morning, 
 and two hours were allowed to the crew 
 to determine whether thcj would submit. 
 Ten minutes before the expiration of 
 the time, finding they had no alter- 
 native but to be sunk or surrender, they 
 huisted the s'gnal uf submission. The 
 delegates were given up, some of whom 
 
Lieut. Hadden's Journal, 19 
 
 Carlton ^u also moved with the Fleet in their 
 Canoes, which were very regularly ranged. 
 These Canoes are made of the Birch Barky and 
 some of them brought 1500 Miles down the 
 
 were hanged, anj others flogged through 
 the fleet, and perfect good oider was 
 tpeedilv restored. '3 
 
 Feb. 14, 1799, Rear- Admiral Pringle 
 was promoted to be a vice-admiral of the 
 White, and Jan. i, 1801, to be a vice-ad- 
 miral of the Red.** He died at Edinburgh 
 Dec. 8, 1803. »5 [> I. Zk App. 191 et 
 fost. = A. Q. 145 : G. V. no. 3 M. 
 F. 270272: K. F. 220, 221. ^K. 
 M. 83. 5 A. T. 47. 6H. G. 106. 
 
 1H. G. 202. 
 
 8 
 
 H.G 
 
 r. 406, 
 
 , 9 
 
 H. 
 
 I. 186. 
 
 "■M. 
 
 H. 274. 
 
 "M 
 
 . H. 1 
 
 [40. 
 
 
 ■=H.J. 
 
 458. 
 
 ■3H. 
 
 K. 
 
 286. 
 
 '*A 
 
 . R 
 
 . I 
 
 60. note 
 
 127. 
 
 ■5H 
 
 N. 
 
 58. 
 
 •6 A. 
 
 R. 
 
 270, note 
 
 219. 
 
 ■7 A. 
 
 R. 
 
 418, 
 
 note 
 
 338 
 
 . 
 
 ■8 J. X. 
 
 19 Y. 
 
 68*. 
 
 7' 
 
 °K. 
 
 Z. 253: 
 
 A, 
 
 • 357 « 
 
 pOit. 
 
 "Y. 
 
 «Z. 
 
 67.* 
 
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 B. 
 
 G. 4*. 
 
 169, 
 
 170. =*A, 
 
 . A.: 
 
 A. B.; 
 
 ; E. 
 
 C. 
 
 "93-] 
 
 ag. Thomas Carleton was a younger 
 orother of Sir Guy Carleton, Lord Dor- 
 chester, being the fourth son of Christo- 
 pher and Catherine (Ball) Carleton, of 
 Newry, Ireland.' He was born in 1731', 
 and like his elder brothers entered the 
 army ; his first commission, that of en- 
 sign in the 20th Foot, bearing date Feb. 
 12, I7SS- He was promoted to be a 
 lieutenant, Dec. 27, 1755 , adjutant, Feb. 
 26,1756; and a captain, Aug. 7.7, 1759. 
 He became a major in the army, July 
 23, 17723; accompanied his regiment to 
 Canada in the spring of 1 776 ; and on the 
 8th of May, in that year, was appointed 
 quarter-master general of the army in 
 that province. 4 Major Carleton became 
 a lieut.-t.olonel in the army, July 31, 
 1776; and the lieut. -colonel of the 29th 
 Foot on the 2d of the following August. 3 
 For a characteristic anecdote of this 
 officer see Anburey's Travels in America, 
 Vol. I, p. 183. During the pursuit of 
 
 the Americans in the autumn of 1776, 
 Lieut. -Col. Carleton seems, from Hadden, 
 to have been in the advance, and to 
 have had command of the Indians. He 
 accompanied Burgoyne on his expedition 
 in 1777, but returned to Canada in 
 August, as Sir Guy Carleton required the 
 services of his quarter-master general in 
 making up his accounts preparatory to 
 his being relieved, as he was then ex- 
 pecting his successor at an early day.S 
 
 Campbell, in his Annals of Tryon 
 County, says, — " In the spring of 1778 
 Lafayette was stationed at Albany ; in 
 March he went up to Johnstown, from 
 which place he wrote Col. Gansevoort a 
 letter, dated March 6th, 1778. This 
 letter was encloscH in a letter from Col. 
 Livingston of the same date, of which 
 the following is an extract : 
 
 " ' Enclosed you have a letter from Major 
 Gen. Marquess De Lafayette, relative to 
 Col. Carleton, nephew to Gen. Carleton, 
 who has for sometime been in this part 
 of the country as a spy. The general 
 apprehends he has taken hit route by 
 way of Oswego, and begs you'll send out 
 such parties as you may judge necessary 
 for apprehending him.* 
 
 " The following is the letter of La- 
 fayette : — 
 
 " ' Sir : As the taking of Col. Carleton 
 is of the greatest importance, I wish you 
 would try every means in your power to 
 have him apprehended. I have desired 
 Col. Livingston, who knows him, to let 
 you have any intelligence he can give, 
 and join to them those I have got by a 
 tury about the dress and figure of 
 Carleton. You may send as many 
 parties as you please, and everywhere 
 you'll think proper, and do every con- 
 venient thing for discovering him. I 
 
20 Lieut. HadderCs yournal. 
 
 Country, several of which wou'd contain 30 
 People. The Savages paddle them across the 
 Lakes & down the Rivers with great dexterity, 
 and being very light they are carried across any 
 
 dare say he knows that we are after him, 
 and has nothing in view but to escape, 
 which I beg you to prevent by all means. 
 You may promise, in my name, fifty 
 guineas hard money, besides all money, 
 &c., they can find about Carleton, to 
 any party of soldiers or Indians who will 
 bring him alive. As every one knows 
 now what we send for, there is no incon- 
 venience to scatter them in the country, 
 which reward is promised in order to 
 stimulate the Indians. 
 
 " I have the honour to be. Sir, 
 " Your most obedient servant, 
 " The MAR<yiis D« Lafayettk.' 
 
 " Col. Carleton was not apprehended." 
 
 Col. Livingston was undoubtedly mis- 
 taken in calling the officer referred to, a 
 nephew of Gen. Carleton, as Christopher 
 Carleton, the General's nephew, was 
 only a major at this time. 
 
 Mr. F. B. Hough, in referring to the 
 above incident in the Northern Invasion 
 of October, 1780, it seems to us, like- 
 wise confuses Thomas Carleton with 
 Christopher Carleton when he says. — 
 *' Although mentioned under a diffovnt 
 rank we conjecture that he was the 
 same officer that led the expedition by 
 way of Lake Champlain in the autumn 
 of 1780." As Thomas Carleton was a 
 ieutenant-colonel at that time, and Chris- 
 topher a major, and both were in Canada 
 and belonged to the same regiment, it is 
 quite unnecessary to conjecture that, when 
 Col. Carleton is mentioned, Major Carle- 
 ton is intended. 
 
 In 1778 Lieut.-Col. Carleton had com- 
 mand at Montreal ; and he continued to 
 serve in Canada till Sept. ix, 178a. when 
 he obtained Sir Frederick Haildimand's 
 permission to go to New York, where Sir 
 
 1786, says: — 
 own attention 
 a well chosen 
 good govera- 
 
 Guy Carleton was serving as commander 
 in chief of the British forces in America.^ 
 
 When the new province of New 
 Brunswick (so called out of compliment 
 to the reigning family of England) was 
 created in 1784, Lieut.-Col. Carleton 
 was appointed its first governor, and he 
 arrived at St. John's, the seat of his new 
 government, on the 21st of November in 
 that year. 7 'Cul. Thomas Dundas, who, as 
 a member of the Board of Commissioners 
 for deciding upon the claims of the 
 American Loyalists, was engaged in in- 
 vestigating some of the details on the 
 spot, in writing about the country to the 
 Earl Cornwallis from St. John's, N. B. 
 under date of Dec. 28, 
 " Mr. Carleton, by his 
 and firmness, assisted by 
 council, has established 
 ment."» 
 
 On the 2d of May, 1783, Lieut.-Col. 
 Carleton married Harriet, daughter of 
 
 Van Horn of New York, and 
 
 widow of Capt. Edward Foy of the 
 Royal Artillery, by whom he had issue 
 a son, William, and two daughters*.*" v 
 
 He became lieut.-col. of the 5th Foot 
 Sept. 26, 1788; a major general, Oct. 
 12, 1793; colonel commandant of the 
 2d Batulion of the 60th, or Royal 
 American Regiment, Aug. 6, 1794; a 
 lieut.-general, Jan. i, 1798; and a 
 general, Sept. 25, 1803.3 He died Feb. 
 2, 1 8 17, aged 85 years.9 
 
 As this officer in often confused with 
 his nephew, Christopher Carleton, some 
 notice of the latter, in this connection, 
 may not be amiss. 
 
 Christopher Carleton was a nephew of 
 Sir Guy Carleton. being the son of Sir 
 Guy's eldest brother, William, a captaia 
 
Lieut, HadderCs journal, 21 
 
 breaks in the Water communication ; they land 
 every Night most of which they dance and Sing: 
 In wet weather they prop up one side & lay un- 
 der the Canoe. 
 
 in the i8th, or Royal Irish Regiment of 
 Foot, who, with his wife, the mother 
 of Christopher, was drowned at sea 
 about the year 1753.'° Christopher 
 Carleton was born at Newcastle upon 
 Tyne, in 1749, and entered the British 
 army as an ensign, Dec. 12, 1761 ; but 
 the Army Lists do nor inform us to 
 what regiment he was attached prior to 
 Feb. 12, 1762, whe;i he was com- 
 misioned as an ensign in the 31st Foot. 
 In that corps he was promoted to be 
 lieutenant, July 29, 1763; captain-lieu- 
 tenant, Dec. 25, 1770; captain. May 25, 
 1772; and major of the 29th Foot, Sept. 
 13, 1777.3 He accompanied th« 31st 
 to America in the spring of 1776, was 
 appointed an aid de camp on the staff of 
 Sir Guy Carleton, May nth of thit 
 year^, and served in Canada and on the 
 northern firontier during the remainder 
 of the Revolutionary war. When the 
 Bridth invaded the northern frontier of 
 New York in October, 1780, Major 
 Carleton had command of the force 
 which crossed Champiain, and which 
 consisted of about 1,000 men, regulars, 
 Loyalists and Indians. He proceeded up 
 the lake from St. John's with a fleet of 
 eight vessels and twenty-six boats, and 
 having landed in South Bay, suddenly 
 appeared before Fort Ann on the loth 
 of October, and demanded its surrender j 
 to which demand the garrison acceded, 
 as it consisted of only 75 men, officers 
 included, with but a scanty supply of 
 ammunition. This fort, which was only 
 a block house rudely built of logs and 
 enclosed by a stockade was burned ; and 
 marauding parties were sent out, who 
 burnt and destroyed portions of the settle- 
 ments of Kingsbury, Queensbury and 
 Fort Edward. Major Carleton appeared 
 ibefore Fort George on the nth, though 
 
 not without some lots from the fire of 
 the garrison ; but as this post was not 
 in condition for vigorous resistance, or a 
 protracted siege, and no relief being in J 
 prospect, it speedily surrendered." 
 
 Gen. Haldimand, the governor general 
 of Canada, in writing to Lord George 
 Germaine about this expedition, under 
 date of Oct. 25, 1780, sayi : — «« Major 
 Carleton, who has, as well as his detach- 
 ment, shown great zeal and activity in 
 this affair, having fully answered the 
 purposes for which he is sent, is returned 
 to Crown Point, where he it to remain 
 as long as the season will permit the 
 vessels to navigate the lake, in order to 
 draw the attention of the enemy."'' 
 Major Carleton was charged with cruelty 
 on this expedition by the American Col. 
 Oansevoort, an accusation which was 
 vigorously denied, and the correspondence 
 relating thereto can be found in Stone's 
 Life of Brant, Vol. II, p. 133 it post. 
 
 Major Carleton became a lieutenant- 
 colonel in the army Feb. 19, 1783 ; and 
 he died at Quebec, Thursday night, June 
 14,1787." Fur the last eleven years of 
 hit life he served in Canada with an 
 occasional visit only to England, and he 
 returned to Quebec for the last time from 
 one of these visits Oct. 18, 1786, in the 
 ship Carleton, accompanied by his wife, 
 Lady Anne Carleton, who was the second 
 daughter of the second Earl of Effingham, 
 and an elder sister of the wife of Sir Guy 
 Carleton, and who, after the death of 
 her husband, returned to England in the 
 ship^ondon, sailing from Quebec, July 
 II, I788.'°.'4 ['B. R. «C. U. 291 note. 
 3B. H. *F. E. I. 5F. B. 629, 666. 
 6F. L. 163: F. E. 203. 
 8C. D. 113. »E. M. 
 112. "G. K. "H. O. 
 '♦J. S.i J. v.] 
 
 'L. 
 
 R. 329. 
 
 187. 
 
 •"C. D, 
 
 as- 
 
 "J. T, 
 
22 Lieut* Hadden's Journal, 
 
 About 1 1 o'clock this morning One of the 
 Enemies Vessels was discover'd, and immediately 
 pursued into a Bay on the Eastern «^ shore of the 
 Lake, where the rest of their Fleet was found at 
 an Anchor in ye form of a Crescent, between 
 Valcour Island and the Continent. Their Fleet 
 consisted of 3 Row Gallies, 2 Schooners, 2 Sloops, 
 and 8 Gondolas, carrying in all 90 Guns. That 
 of the British carried only 87 Pieces of Ordnance 
 including 8 Howitzers. The pursuit of this 
 Vessel was without order or regularity, the wind 
 being fair to go down «* the Lake enabled us to 
 overtake the Vessel before she cou'd (by Tacks) 
 get in to the rest of their Fleet ; but lost to us 
 the opportunity of going in at the upper end of 
 the Island and attacking the whole at once. The 
 Vessel which proved to be the Royal Savage 
 taken by them from St. John's last year, carrying 
 14 Guns, was run on shore and most of the Men 
 escaped on to Valcour Island, in effecting which 
 they were fired upon by the Gun Boats, this firing 
 at one object drew us all in a cluster and four of 
 the Enemies Vessels getting under weigh to sup- 
 port the Royal Savage fired upon the Boats with 
 success. An order was therefore given by the 
 
 ah. This clearly is a clerical error as Lake Champlain, unlike the Hudson 
 
 Valcour Bay is on the west, and not on river which is so near it, running from 
 
 the east shore of the lake, and in that south to north and emptying into the 
 
 way Hadden, in his map, correctly river St. Lawrence. We have already 
 
 delineates it. seen from his calling the west shore the 
 
 east, that he had confused the points of 
 
 ai. Hadden means up and net down the compass, 
 the lake, as the context clearly shows j 
 
■>■ , •> 
 
 
 ? 
 
 » 1< ' .t* ^■' 9i} <m '^ 
 
 /'' 
 
 5,/ - 
 
 .<. 
 
 t, ^ y 
 
 /^^ 
 
 *f^ 
 
 v 
 
 a:^ 
 
 
 ■35* 1.^ ^ 
 
 ^/ t^ - 
 
 -..^^ ^^ 
 
 r^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 ^^■^ 
 
 
 
 •^^ 
 
^4l#iyWWk *S0M^fl 
 
 
 4 
 
 .^•^ 
 
 ■ a - ^ ? ?■ ; ■»? 
 
Lieut. HadderCs JournaL 23 
 
 Commanding Officer for the Boats to form 
 across the Bay : this was soon effected tho' 
 under the Enemies whole fire and unsupported, 
 all the King's Vessels having dropped too far 
 to Leeward. This unequal combat was main- 
 tained for two Hours without any aid, when the 
 Carlton Schooner of 14 Guns 6 Prs got into the 
 Bay and immediately received the Enemies whole 
 fire which was continued without intermission 
 for about an hour, when the Boats of the Fleet 
 towed her off, and left the Gun Boats to maintain 
 the conflict, this was done 'till the Boats had ex- 
 pended their Ammunition when they were with- 
 drawn, having j««>^ one of the Enemies Gondolas, 
 (Killed or Wounded Seventy Men) and consider- 
 ably dammaged others. Being small objects the 
 loss in the Gun Boats was inconsiderable, 20 
 Men^ (a German Gun Boat blown up). Each Gun 
 Boat carried i Gun in the Bow (or Howitzer) 7 
 Artillery Men, and 1 1 Seamen, the whole under 
 an Artillery officer. It was found that the Boat's 
 advantage was not to come nearer than about 700 
 yards, as whenever they approached nearer, they 
 were greatly annoyed by Grape Shot, tho' their 
 Case could do little mischief. Each Boat had 
 80 Rounds of Ammunition, 30 of which were 
 Case Shot, & cou'd not be used with effect. The 
 Boats were now form'd between the Vessels of 
 the British Fleet, just without the Enemies Shot; 
 being withdrawn a little before Sunset & the 
 
24 Lieut, HaddetCs 'Journal, 
 
 Royal Savage blown up : this last was an unnec- 
 essary measure as she might at a more leisure 
 moment have been got off, or at all events her 
 stores saved, and in her present position no use 
 cou'd be made of her by the Enemy, Night com- 
 ing on 6c a determination to make a general 
 attack early next morning. The Rebels having 
 no land Force, the Savage's took post on the 
 Main & Valcour Island, thus being upon both 
 Flanks they were able to annoy them in the 
 working of their Guns, this had the effect of now 
 & then obliging the Rebels to turn a Gun that 
 way, which danger the Savages avoided by get- 
 ting behind trees. The Boats having received a 
 small supply of Ammunition were unaccountably 
 order'd to Anchor under cover of a small Island 
 without the opening of the Bay. 
 
 The Enemy finding their force diminish'd and 
 the rest so severely handled by little more than \ 
 the British Fleet determin'd to witi^ ' aw towards 
 Crown Point, and passing thro, our Fleet about lo 
 o'clock at Night effected it undiscover'd ; this, 
 the former position of the Gun Boats wou'd 
 probably have prevented. All the Enemies Ves- 
 sels used Oars & on this occasion they were muffed. 
 This retreat did great honor to Gen' I Arnold «i, 
 
 aj. Benedict Arnold's career is to Some queition has been raised at to the 
 
 familiar to American readers that refer- course Arnold's fleet took on the retreat 
 
 ence will be made only to two or three from Valcour Bay. Notwithi.tanding 
 
 points about which historians are not Gen. Waterbury's very explicit statemen 
 
 agreed. that "we immediately held council to 
 
Lieut, Haclclen*s JournaL 25 
 
 who acted as Admiral to the Rebel Fleet on this 
 occasion ; The wind changing prevented the suc- 
 cess of his attempt and making but little way in 
 
 aecure a retreat through their fleet, to get 
 to Crown Point, which wai done with so 
 much secrecy that we went through them 
 entirely undiscovered," Mr Winslow C. 
 Watson, in an article entitled "Naval 
 Campaign on Lake Cliamplain in 1776," 
 printed in the Amtrican Hhtorica! Re- 
 cord tor November, 1874, p. 502, and 
 again in an article entitled "Arnold's Re- 
 treat after the Battle of Valcour," printed 
 in the Magazi'ie of American History, 
 Vol. VI, p. 414. [June, 1881,] contends 
 that Arnold's fleet escsped by rounding 
 the northerly end of Valcour Island ; 
 thus evading the enemy's fleet, and not 
 passing through it at all. 
 
 Palmer's History of Lake Champlain, p. 
 129, likewise says, — "At seven o'clock 
 in the evening Colonel Wigglesworth got 
 the Trumbull under way, atk* beiiing 
 around the north end of Valcour, directed 
 his course towards the upper end of the 
 lake, passing outside of the British line." 
 
 Hadden, in the text, like Waterbury, 
 uses the word through^ which would or- 
 dinarily seem to be explicit enough to 
 avoid misapprehension, and he has fortu- 
 nately left a drawing showing the petition 
 of the British (hips and gunboats, and 
 giving the course of the American fleet. 
 His drawing and his explanation of the 
 circumstances that made the escape of 
 the Americans through the British fleet 
 possible, effectually settle a mooted point. 
 
 Hadden's map, or " Sketch of the 
 Action in Lake Champlain 1 1 Oct., 
 1776," is evidently taken from "A 
 Survey of Lake Champlain, including 
 Lake George, Crown Point and St. John. 
 Surveyed by Order of His Excellency 
 Major General S'r Jeffery Amherst. 
 Knight of the most Hon'ble Order of 
 the Bath, Commander in Chief of His 
 Majesty's Forces in- North America, 
 ^now ' Lord Amherst) by William 
 
 Brassier, Draughtsman. 1762." That 
 survey, with additions showing the 
 naval operations of the year 1776, 
 including the battle of Valcour Bay, 
 together with the formation of the two 
 fleets, the line of the American retreat 
 t.) Crown Point, the place of the action 
 on the 13th, the place where Arnold 
 ran the Congress ashore, and the subse- 
 quent withdrawal to Ticonderoga, is to 
 be found in "The American Military 
 Pocket Atlas ; being an approved Col. 
 lection of Correct Maps, both general and 
 particular, of The British Colonies, Es- 
 pecially those which now are, or prob- 
 ably may be. The Theatre of War ; T.iken 
 principally from the actual Surveys and 
 judicious Observations of Engineers De 
 Brahm and Romans j Cook, Jackson, 
 and Collet ; Maj. Holland, and other 
 Officers, employed in His Majesty's Fleets 
 and Armies. London." There is no 
 date on the title page, but, as the editrr'i 
 dedication to Gov. Pownall it dated 
 "Fleet Street, 1776," the Atlas wa» 
 undoubtedly issued in London in the 
 winter of 1776-7. 
 
 Two things are plain : one is that 
 Hadden had Brassier's Survey of 1762 
 as the basis of his map j and the other 
 is that the revision in the Atlas was either 
 made from Hadden's map, or else both 
 were drawn from a third source, of which 
 we are ignorant. The fact that Hadden's 
 map does not show the •whole course to 
 Crown Point and Ticonderoga, possibly 
 militates against the Atlas's revitioa 
 having been taken from it, though the 
 part Hadden does not give, is to simple 
 that it could easily enough have been 
 traced or described roughly without a map 
 to go by to enable one to delineate it on 
 Brassier's Survey. It must be remembered 
 that Hadden, having been at the Royal 
 Military Academy at Woolwich, had 
 
26 Lieut, HadderCs JournaL 
 
 the Night, they were scarcely out of sight when 
 their retreat was discover'd at day break ; the 
 British Fleet stood after them, and gain'd ground 
 
 received the same education ai the 
 membjrs of the Engineer Corps, the only 
 difference being that the cadets of highest 
 rank in their class entered the Royal 
 Engineers, while the rest went into the 
 Royal Artillery. 
 
 Clearly Hadden's map was not taken 
 from the Atlas revision ; for, being on a 
 little more than four times the scale of 
 the latter, it gives many details of out- 
 line and position that does not give. 
 Thus Hadden represents the position of 
 the whole fifteen American vessels, 
 twelve being in line, two in rear of the 
 line, probably to look out more particu- 
 larly fur the approach around the north 
 end of Valcour Island, and the Royal 
 Savage having been forced on shore by 
 the British while trying to join the 
 American fleet. Hadden, also, shows a 
 small islet just at the south point of 
 Valcour Island on which the Roya' 
 Savage was run ashore and destroyed, 
 whereas the Atlas, instead of showing 
 it, uses these words in regard to Valcour 
 Island — "Isle de Valcour almost one 
 rock." Hadden, in representing the line 
 the gunboats formed the latter part oi 
 Oct. nth, while they were in action, 
 delineates, whether intentionally or not, 
 twenty boats ; but as he states that 
 twenty-two left St. Johns, and as one of 
 them had been blown up in action, he 
 leaves one unaccounted for if his drawing 
 intended to portray the exact number. 
 Capt. Douglas, however, commodore of 
 the British war vessels ii the St. Law- 
 rence, reported twenty gunboats and four 
 long boats, each carrying a single gun, in 
 the British fleet on Lake Champlain. 
 The Atlas does not attempt to show the 
 exact number of gunboats in line, but 
 says, in the marginal reference, there 
 were twenty-one. 
 
 If the American Military Pocket 
 Atlas's revision of Brassier 's Survey was 
 not taken from Hadden's map, it con- 
 stitutes another contemporaneous au- 
 thority against the view of Watson and 
 Palmer, that Arnold rounded the 
 northerly point of Valcour Island on his 
 escape to Crown Point ; and as Gen. 
 Waterbury and the crews of the galley 
 Washington and gondola Jersey were 
 captured, the British must have known 
 the exact line of retreat as well as 
 though they themselves had been on 
 board the American fleet. 
 
 Not only is the weight of authority, 
 but a nautical reason also, it seems to us, 
 is opposed to the view that Arnold 
 retreated round the north end of Valcour 
 I'li/.-* That island, according to 
 Haskell and Smith's Gazetteer of the 
 United States, is two and a-half miles 
 long, and half a mile wide, and the two 
 maps we have of the action, portray 
 Arnold's fleet drawn up across the bay 
 about midway of the island, or a mile 
 and a quarter, at the least, from its 
 northerly end. The several accounts 
 of the battle that refer to the wind, Oct. 
 nth, show that it was f>'Oin the north- 
 ward — at all events, so that sailing 
 vessels could not make progress towards 
 the north without beating or tacking, 
 Arnold, the American commander, 
 speaks of the Royal Savage falling to the 
 leev/ard of the fleet and being attacked. 
 He also says " some of the enemy's ships 
 and all their gondolas beat and rowed up 
 within musket shot of us." Capt. 
 Pringle, the British commander, says, 
 " the wind was so unfavourable, that for a 
 considerable time nothing could be 
 brought into action with them but the 
 gunboats," though the Carleton by much 
 perseverance at last got to their assistance 
 
Lieut, HadderCs "Journal, 27 
 
 considerably 'till the violence of the wind and a 
 great swell obliged both Fleets to Anchor : to- 
 wards evening the weather was more moderate 
 
 but none of the rest oi the Heet could 
 then get up. Hadden in speaking oFthe 
 Royal Savage, says, " the wind being 
 fair to go down the Lake enabled us to 
 overtake the Vessel before she cou'd 
 (by Tacks) get into the rest of their 
 Fleet ; but lost to us the opportunity of 
 going in at the upper end of the hland 
 and attacking the whole at once." 
 Hadden's mistake in using do'wn for up 
 the lake, is tra^soarent, and we have 
 already seen frc .is calling the western 
 shore, the eastc.n, that he had confused 
 the points of the compass. Fortunately 
 his error exposes itself, and can mislead 
 no one. What wind there was evidently 
 came from the north, for Hadden, after 
 according praise to Arnold for his retreat, 
 lays, " the wind changing prevented the 
 success of the attempt;" and Arnold, in 
 speaking of the wind on the 12th, says, 
 it was '• small to the southward." The 
 wind bemg irom the northward on the 
 evening of the nth, was just right to go 
 up the lake towards Crown Point, but 
 would have prevented Arnold's fleet 
 from going north round Valcour Island 
 except by beating or tacking — a slow and 
 not very easy way of proceeding in the 
 night, and, moreover, a longer course by 
 several miles. Hadden says Arnold's 
 fleet .used mufiled oars ; but whether 
 because the wind was so light, cr because 
 spreading sail would cause the vessels to 
 be more easily discovered, he does not 
 say. While oars would assist materially 
 in a calm, or light favoring wind, or 
 without any sail being set, yet, if Arnold 
 had been rounding the northerly end of 
 Valcour Island against the wind, they 
 would hardly have served his purpose, 
 especially with his heaviest and most 
 dilapidated vessels. For these reasons, 
 apart from the maps showing the exact 
 
 course, it seems to us that when Gen. 
 Waterbury said they went through the 
 British fleet, he meant just what he said ; 
 and it also appears to at a perfectly 
 natural and characteristic act for a bold 
 man, like Arnold, who had everything 
 tu gain and nothing to lose, for it was 
 his only chance ; and it was no mure 
 daring or desperate than many naral fisats 
 during our late civil war, indeed, not so 
 much so ; and its success prored its 
 entirs feasibility. 
 
 Much discussion has taken place as to 
 whether Arnold was personally present at 
 the battle of Freeman's Farm Sept. 19, 
 1777. Col. (afterwards General) Wilkin- 
 son is authority for the assertion that 
 Arnold was not on the battle field, as 
 under date of Sept. 21st, he wrote to St. 
 Clair in regard to the afllair of the 19th, 
 "General Arnold was not out of camp 
 during the whole action."' It is to be 
 regretted that we have a no more reliable 
 statement than Wilkinson's on which to 
 rest one side of a mooted point, as his as- 
 sertions are not unfre^uently warped by 
 prejudice and conceit, and in some cases 
 are utterly unreliable. In writing the 
 above he was addressing an avowed enemy 
 of Arnold, while he himself was strongly 
 prejudiced against him. Oct. 7th Wil- 
 kinson again wrote to St. Clair and said, 
 "Generals Gates and Arnold have difiered 
 beyond reconciliation. As I, too, hare 
 a quarrel with the little man, I will not 
 expose his conduct."' Unfortunately Ar- 
 nold's subsequent career destroyed all re- 
 spect for him, and prepared every patriotic 
 mind to believe anything to his discredit ; 
 but the truth of history is not to be sac- 
 rificed in order to cast odium, however 
 well merited, upon any man, and it is br 
 no means easy for an American calmly 
 to weigh and judicially determine fact. 
 
28 Lieut. Hadden's Journal, 
 
 & the Fleet proceeded, the Boats using their Oars 
 to make head against the Wind ; the Rebel Ves- 
 sels gaining little way when under Sail from the 
 
 that may enure to the credit of Benedict 
 Arnold. 
 
 If it be true, as stated by some writers, 
 that no general was on the field during 
 the action, and that regiment after regi- 
 ment was allowed to engage in the ab- 
 sence of a general officer, it was a most 
 remarkable state of things and a striking, 
 but by no means flattering, commentary 
 upon Gen. Gates, as few commanding 
 generals would have been guilty of allow- 
 ing a division to engage in the absence 
 of all general officers and without the 
 troops being under some recognized head. 
 No wonder that the military instincts of 
 Gen. Carrington, in his " Battles of the 
 American Revolution," led him to say, p. 
 342 — "To what extent General Arnold 
 accompanied the successive portions of 
 his division, which bore the brunt of thit 
 day's fight, is not clearly or uniformly 
 defined by historians. That contempo- 
 raneous history gave his division credit, is 
 nowhere questioned : and that he was a 
 listless observer or remained in camp re- 
 gardless of the fact that he was responsible 
 for the entire left wing, which was then 
 assailed, is perfectly inconsistent with his 
 nature and the position he occupied." 
 Gen. Jacob Bailey wrote from ''Castle- 
 town" to the Committee of Safety of New 
 Hampshire, Sept. 22d, three days after 
 the battle, as follows — "General Arnold 
 has fought the right wing of General 
 Burgoyne, won three field pieces, and 250 
 prisoners — great loss on both sides.' ' It 
 is clear, therefore, that Gen. Arnold was 
 reported and credited, at the time, by the 
 troops in the Northern Department, as 
 commanding in the action. 
 
 The newspapers of the day evidently 
 believed that Arnold was present, as the 
 Boston Gazette in its issue for September 
 19th, 1777, in describing the battle of 
 
 the !9tb, among other things, (ayi, — "At 
 three o'clock the enemy being re-inforced, 
 renewed the attack ; our troops being 
 at the same time supported by the left 
 wing of the army, consisting of the whole 
 of Gen. Arnold's division, received them 
 warmly ; and though the enemy brought 
 on their whole force against not more 
 than half oars, maintained their ground 
 till night, when both parties retired." 
 
 The following order issued by Arnold 
 the day after the action, fbnnd in a manu- 
 script Orderly Book kept by Colonel 
 Thaddeos Cook of Wallingford, Conn., 
 now in the possession of the American 
 Andqaarian Society of Worcester, for the 
 use of which we are under obligations to 
 that ancient and honorable socTety, and 
 which order we have never seen in print, 
 seems to be inconsistent with Gen. Ar- 
 nold's absence from the battle field ; 
 though the thickness of the roods' may 
 have prevented his taking ar.y very con- 
 spicuous part. The oroer, in Col. 
 Cook's copy of which there doubtless 
 were some clerical errors, reads as follows : 
 "Division Orders zoth Septr. A. D. 1777. 
 
 '' Gen'l Arnold retanu his thanks to 
 the Officers dcSoldie.-i of his Division for 
 their brave spirited conduct yesterday in 
 withstanding the force of the British 
 army, whose lots a Deserter from their 
 army says b upwards of one thousand 
 men kill'd and woanded — which ours is 
 very trifling, not one fourth Part of the 
 Enemies — a convincing Proof of the 
 Mercitull Interposition of Heaven in 
 Covering our heads in the day of Battle 
 and loudly calls for our grateful acknowl- 
 edgements. The Gen'l observ'd yester- 
 day that two many officers that Zeal and 
 Spirit pusti'd on in the front of their 
 Companies, whose busineu it was to 
 have broaght ap those in the Rear, and 
 
Lieut. HadderCs JournaL 29 
 
 Violence of a contrary Wind and thinking we 
 were at an Anchor remain'd so all Night, and 
 tho. the British Fleet gained but little by a con- 
 trary conduct that little enabled them to overtake 
 the Enemy next day when the wind proved fair, 
 our Ship & Schooners being better Sailers first 
 came up with the Rebel Fleet and retarding their 
 movements 'till the whole were in sight. Three 
 of the Stern-most Vessels "^ struck their Coulours, 
 in one of which was Brig'r Gen'l Waterbury ^^ 
 their second in Command, Arnold tdiW his own Ves- 
 sel & 5 others on shore and set fire to them, the 
 three foremost only escaped to Tyconderoga; as 
 did Gen'l Arnold with most of the Crew's of the 
 burnt Vessels. Next morning the Rangers & 
 Indians landed and took possession of Crown 
 Point, evacuated by the Enemy the preceding 
 Night. Two or tnree days afterwards the Army 
 
 hopes they will in fiiture observe their 
 proper itationi and suffer no man to 
 Retreat untill an order is given by the 
 Commanding officer of the Regt's or 
 Detachments — those who are found to 
 have deserted their Posts in time of 
 Action may expect Instant Death. 
 
 "The Gen'l makes no doubt the Troops 
 will act with a spirit and firmness becom- 
 ing fireemen strugling for their just Rights 
 tt Liberties when they are call'd out 
 .ain which they may expect every mo- 
 ment and wishes them to make every nec- 
 essary Preparation." 
 
 If Gen. Arnold was not present, how 
 could he have noticed that their zeal and 
 spirit pushed too many officers on in front 
 of their companies, whose business it was 
 to have brought up those in the rear i 
 [ 'K. W. 443. 444. 'C. S : B. D.] 
 
 ak. These were the galley Wash- 
 ington, and the gondolas Jersey and 
 Lee. Sir Guy Carleton reported to 
 Lord Cermaine, Oct. 14, 1776, the 
 capture of the Washington and Jersey. 
 Of the Lee he said — " Run into a bay, 
 and not known whether destroyed." 
 The Lee proved to have been captured, 
 though Sir Guy did not then know it j 
 and in Beatson's Naval and Military 
 Memoirs, Vol. 6, p. 65, note 55, we 
 find the brig Washington and sloopi 
 Jersey and Lee included in "A List of his 
 Majesty's armed Vessels, Boats, &c., 
 which brought the army under General 
 Burgoyne, over Lake Champlain, in 
 campaign 1777." 
 
 al. See Appendix 8. 
 
30 Lieut, Haddens Journal* 
 
 arrived and took post on Crown Pointy and Wind- 
 mill Point immediately opposite to it at the dis- 
 tance of about 1400 yards : the Lake here 
 narrowing into a River. Gen'l Carhon thank'd 
 the Officers &c for their spirrited conduct, and 
 Gen'l Burgoyne gave out the following order to 
 the Army on the occasion. 
 
 Camp at Sandy Creek, Lake 
 Champlain i6th Oct'r 1776. 
 
 Lieut. Gen'l Burgoyne having received in- 
 telligence of the late victory obtained by the 
 Commander in Chief in Person, takes the first 
 moment to communicate to the army, that of 
 Sixteen Vessels «'" of which the Rebel Fleet con- 
 sisted before the Action Three only escaped, all 
 the rest being taken or destroyed. The impor- 
 tance of the conquest is not greaterto the National 
 cause than is the glory atchieved to his Majesties 
 Arms, conspicuous by the general Bravery of the 
 Officers & Men. 
 
 It is a part of magnanimity to spare publick 
 demonstrations of triumph upon the present oc- 
 casion, but it is not doubted the Army will be 
 affected with every sentiment the Brave are 
 accustomed to feel, for great and glorious ex- 
 amples. 
 
 Finis. 
 
 am. There wai one not engaged and taken with Provisioni. [HaJJen't Nol*.'] 
 
Lieut. Hadderi's Journal, 3 1 
 
 Upon the whole the British Fleet was fully a 
 match for the Enemy, and the exertions were 
 those of individuals, no orders being given to 
 withdraw the Boats 'till their Ammunition was 
 expended, and the impossibility of a supply, made 
 a reserve for a second Action absolutely necessary 
 to prevent the Fleet fighting in detail. The 
 Enemy not knowing this circumstance and fort- 
 unate changes of Wind completed their Ruin. 
 The Sailors in the Gun Boats in general shew'd 
 a backwardness, and the gallantry of the rest was 
 only conspicuous in Capt'n Dacres ^"* commanding 
 
 an. Jamet Richard Dacrei wai born in 
 February, 1 749, and was the eldest ton of 
 Richard Dacres, a native of Cumberland, 
 England, and secretary of the garrison 
 «f Gibraltar, by his wife Mary, daughter 
 of William Bateman of Bury St. Edmund's 
 in the county of Suffolk. Young Dacres 
 entered the British navy in 1761', and 
 he was a lieutenant on the Blonde 
 frigate, which sailed for Quebec early in 
 April, 1776, with Burgoyne on board. 
 On the nth of the following June, Sir 
 Guy Catleton appointed him an assistant 
 quarter-master general, a position h* 
 held till the 8th of the next September, 
 when he assumed command of the Carle- 
 ton, armed schooner of 12 guns, in which 
 he participated in the naval encounter of 
 the British fleet with Benedict Arnold's 
 flotilla on Lake Champlain, and bore a 
 very active and honorable part.* Of the 
 three commissioned officers on tht Carle- 
 ton, Mr. Brown lost an arm early in the 
 action, and, soon after, Lieut. Dacres fell 
 severely wounded and senseless. He 
 would have been thrown overboard as 
 dead but for the interference of young 
 Edward Pellew, afterwards Lord Ex- 
 mouth, who succeeded to the command 
 
 and maintained the unequal contest till 
 Capt. Pringle, baffled in all his efforts to 
 bring up the squadron, made the signal 
 of recall. The Carleton, with two feet 
 of water in her hold, was not in a con- 
 dition to obey, so she was towed by thi 
 artillery boats out of range of the Ameri- 
 can guns. 3 Sir Guy Carleton, who was 
 on board Capt. Fringle's flag ship, in 
 writing of the action of Oct. nth, and 
 the chase and action of the 13th, thus 
 reports to Lord George Germaine. ''For 
 further particulars I refer your Lordship 
 to Lieut. Dacres, who will be the bearer 
 of this letter, and had a share in both 
 actions, particularly the first, where his 
 gallant behaviour in the Carleton schooner, 
 which he commanded, distinguished him 
 so much as to merit great commendation, 
 and I beg to commend him to your Lord- 
 ship's notice and favour. At the same 
 time I cannot omit taking notice to your 
 Lordship of the good service done in the 
 first action by the spirited conduct of a 
 number of otficerg and men of the corps 
 of artillery, who served the gun boats, 
 which, together with the Carleton, sus- 
 tained for many hours the whole fire of 
 the enemy's fleet, the rest of our vessels 
 
32 Lieut, Hadden's Journal. 
 
 the Carlton Schooner. The Com'r in Chief was 
 on Board the Commodore, which prevented 
 that Vessel attempting to get into a partial en- 
 gagement. 
 
 not being able to work up near enough 
 to join eftectually in the engagement." 
 Capt. Pringle, in forwarding his dis- 
 patches, bore this testimony to the worth 
 of the subject of this sketch. " Many 
 particulars," he writes, " which their 
 Lordships may wish to know, I must at 
 present take the liberty of referring you tu 
 Mr. Dacres for ; but, as I am well con- 
 vinced his modesty will not permit him 
 to say how great a share he had in this 
 victory, give me leave to assure you, that 
 during both actions nothing could be 
 more pointedly good than his conduct."* 
 
 Dacres is next found in command of 
 the sloop of war Ceres, of i8 guns, which, 
 together with the Ariadne of lo guns 
 under Capt. Pringle, on March 9, 1778, 
 engaged and captured the American man 
 of war Alfred, Capt Elisha Hinman, of 
 20 guns ; her consort, the Rkleigh, of 
 31 guns, having abandoned her to her 
 fate. 5 The Ceres immediately proceeded 
 to the Leeward Islands and joined the 
 West India squadron under Rear-Admiral 
 Barrington, who, under date of Jan. 6, 
 1779, thus writes to the Admiralty from 
 the Island of St. Lucia: — " I am sorry to 
 add that the Ceres appears, by the Marti- 
 nique Gazette, to have been taken after a 
 chase of 48 hours, by the Iphigenie, a 
 French frigate of 36 guns, but I have no 
 account of it from Capt. Dacres, or any 
 iif her officers. I cannot help regretting 
 the loss of this sloop, not only as she sailed 
 remarkably well, but as Capt. Dacres is 
 an officer of infinite merit."* The 
 Ceres was retaken in Lord Rodney's vic- 
 tory over the French, April la, 178a.' 
 
 Dacres became a post-captain in the 
 Royal navy, Sept. 13, 1780^, and was at 
 once assigned to the command of the ship 
 
 Perseus of 20 guns, which was then be- 
 ing fitted out for sea with all dispatch at 
 Chath.'im.s On the ist of the following 
 December, the Perseus, together with the 
 schooner Racehorse and cutter Expedition, 
 engaged and captured, about three leagues 
 ofi Beechy Head, the French brig priva- 
 teer Count du Bois, of 12 guns. The 
 prize was so cut up that she sunk soon 
 after she struck.'" Capt. Dacres seemed 
 to be successful in taking prizes, as the 
 Perseus, and the Fortune, sloops, arrived 
 in the Downs, Jan. 7, 178 1, with the 
 Catherina Wilhclmina, a Dutch East In- 
 dia ship of 900 tons, bound from Rotter- 
 dam to Batavia, laden with large masts 
 and other naval stores, and having on 
 board $130,000 in specie. The Perseus 
 had also shortly before that, taken and 
 sent into Portsmouth, the Friendship, a 
 Dutch vessel, laden with fruit." The 
 next month Capt. Dacres went as com- 
 modore of a small squadron consisting of 
 the Perseus, Zebra, Helena, and Martin 
 sloops, on a cruise to the northward in 
 quest of some privateers seen in that quar- 
 ter." 
 
 Mention of him is next found in 
 June, 1795, when he had command of 
 the Barfleur of 98 guns, in which ship he 
 took part in Lord Bridport's victory over 
 the French fleet in the Bay of I'Orient, 
 June 23d. «3 In February, 1797, Capt. Da- 
 cres, still in the Barfleur, left the Channel 
 Fleet and joined the fleet under Sir John 
 Jervis, which had sailed from the Tagus 
 Jan. 18, 1797 i and he participated in 
 Sir John's great naval victory over the 
 French fleet off Cape St. Vincent on St. 
 Valentine's day of that year, when Viee- 
 Admiral (of the Blue) Waldgrave had 
 his flag on the Barfleur.'^ For hit 
 
Lieut. HadderCs JournaL 33 
 
 There is a Square Fort at Crown Point, 
 Built by the English and now out of repair; 
 within it are Barracks for about 800 Men, these 
 also are out of repair being in part burnt by 
 accident some years ago. The Rebels neglected 
 these and threw up a Work near the Water to- 
 wards Wind- Mill Point, as a protection for their 
 Vessels. The old Fort stands in the middle of 
 a spot of cleared ground about a Mile every way, 
 and between the Point opposite Windmill Point, 
 and a kind of Bason on the opposite side, called 
 South Bayy this Bay (is on the western side) 
 will not admit Vessels, and [s^uth] 
 
 Gun Boats were sent to 
 protect that Flank of the . 
 
 Army which lay encamped ^^n^^ 
 
 across this rongue of Land "^^pH-^^ 
 extend'g from the Point ^^ "^ 
 where the Rebel works j^ V 
 were errected, to South A M 
 Bay. * [North.] 
 
 It appearing too late in the Season for an attack 
 on Tyconderoga 16 Miles from hence, where 
 
 gallantry in this action Capt. Dacres re- 
 ceived a gold medal 'S 
 
 He became a Rear-Admiral of the 
 Blue, Feb. 14,I799'*5 a Risr /^dmiral of 
 the White, Jan i, 1801 •'; and tie was ap- 
 pointed to the command at Plymouth in 
 June, 1802. '5 He became a Rear- Admiral 
 of the Red, April 23, i8o4'8jand the same 
 year he was assigned to the command of 
 the Jamaica station, a position he held 
 
 during four years.'' Admiral Dacres be- 
 came a Vice-Admiral of the White, Nov. 
 9, 18050°, and he died in Stanhope St., 
 May Fair, London, Jan. 5, 18 10", or, 
 at the Naval Chronicle for 18 10, vol. 23, 
 p. 88, puts it, "on the 6th of January, 
 in consequence of a ^11 from hit horse," 
 after having rendered much valuable ser- 
 vice. O'Byrne's Naval Biographical 
 Dictionary, p. 156, tays that he died 
 
34- Lieut, HadderCs Journal, 
 
 report said the Enemy had from 12 to 16 Thou- 
 sand Men, Gen'l Carlton ordcr'd Fascines to be 
 made (4.000) for the repair of the old Fort, and 
 prepair'd to put the Barracks in order. Gen'l 
 Carlton reconnoitr'd the Enemy's Works from 
 the Water and the Boats went near enough to be 
 fired at. Altering his determination about re- 
 pairing the Works &c. at Crown Point, the 
 Stores were sent Back, and the whole Armament 
 returned abt. the 13th, 14th or 15th Nov. 76, 
 Wiih so favorable a wind that the Radeau a 
 Square Built Vessel Sailed from Crown-point to 
 Isle Aux Noix (90 Miles) in 9 Hours. 
 
 On our return we found the Works at St. 
 'Johns (which originally consisted of a Square 
 Fort) very much encreased, a Dock Yard being 
 completed sufficient to Build a Ship of 24 Guns 
 then on the Stocks, and another Fort and 
 Lines began for its defence with Barracks for 
 1000 Men in tolerable forwardness. St. Johns 
 can scarcely be called a Village being only two 
 or three Houses, (not near the Fort) it is how- 
 ever from its frontier situation and the Works 
 carrying on, likely to increase. The ground is 
 
 "worn out by length of service and the E. 7, 43. 31. T. 12. *M. F. 270-272. 
 
 baneliil eflfect* of a We»t India climate." 5M. H. 274. "H. K. 286. 71. G. 
 
 He married Eleanor Blandford, daugh- 243, nott. ^A. T. 51. 9H. N. 282. 
 
 terand heiress of Pearce of Cam- "°H. N. 552. "H. O. 40. "H. O. 214 
 
 bridge i and the Capt. James Richard Da- 'SA. 391. •♦A. 415. 'SK. Z. 259. 
 
 cres that commanded the Guerriere when '«A. A. '/A. B. 'SA. D. '9F. O. 
 
 captured by the American ship Constitu- 278. ^E. D. 1232. "E. G. 93. 
 
 tion, was a son of the subject of this "I. D. 972.] 
 sketch." [«I. C. 29 : I. U. 256. 'F. 
 
Lieut, HadderCs jfournaL 35 
 
 level & Marshy, the most unhealthy spot in 
 inhabited Canada, and during the Summer 
 Months, swarms with Musquceto's. There is 
 no road beyond this, all farther communication 
 to the Southward being by Water. The De- 
 tachment at Point au Per, was withdrawn, a Regi- 
 ment & half a (Company of Artillery left to occupy 
 the Works at the Iste au Noix : another Regt. 
 & half a Company of Artillery at St. Johns, 
 both places being under the immediate inspection 
 and orders of a Brigadier Gen'l. The Barracks 
 at these places not being completed 'till the 
 beginning of January, the Troops & Artificers 
 sufFer'd very much from the Cold. The rest of 
 the Army was Canton'd in different parts of 
 the Province during the Winter, and the Artill's 
 spent their time very agreeably at Montreal^ 
 Provisions being everywhere cheap and plenty. 
 
 The Com'r in Chief finding Lady Maria 
 Carlton at Quebec on his return, remained there 
 during the Winter. Gen'l Burgoyne went to 
 Europe early in November, and Gen'l Phillips 
 resided at Montreal which was by Public orders 
 consider'd as the Head Quarters of the Prov- 
 ince, and all business transacted by the General. 
 
 The Officers amused themselves in their dif- 
 ferent Quarters, with Balls and Concerts com- 
 posed of the best performers in the British and 
 German Bands. The Soldiers were quarter'd on 
 
3 b Lieut, Haddens yournaL 
 
 the inhabitants and giving up the Kings Rations 
 of Provisions to the Landlord's, lived with the 
 Families and were remarkably healthy. 
 
 The Army, about lo.ooo Men, was composed 
 of nearly an equal number of British and Ger- 
 man Troops. 
 
 One Regiment of Germans and a Company of 
 Artillery, were Hessians and commanded by Brig- 
 adier Gen'l Goll. ^ The rest were Brunswtckers 
 
 ao. Colonel Gall, or Von GaO, [aoc 
 Goll or Vangall as printed ia the test] 
 was colonel of the Regi-ncatof Hchc 
 Hanau, which, with the Brvanricken, 
 composed che German croopi sent o«er 
 to Sir Guy Carleton in the *prin{ at 
 1776. Col Gall, with his regiment, ar- 
 rived at Spithea.i, England, Marcb 31, 
 1776', and, a few days later, Stflc4 fat 
 Canada with the Englbh reinlbrcements 
 and the lirst German diriston. On the 
 19th of the following Aa^ost be was ap- 
 pointed an acting brigadier by Sir G«y 
 Carleton, and awigned 10 a German bri- 
 gade, in 1777 Gall, with his command, 
 known as the id German Brigade, cofn- 
 poked of the Regiments Prince Frederick 
 and Hc;i3e Hanau, participated in Bor- 
 goyne's campaign j and for this p w ip t we he 
 left his winter quarters and crumeJ tbc St. 
 Lawrence, June 4th.' Sharing tlietortanet 
 of his chief. Gall was inclodcd in tbc 
 Saratoga surrender ; and on the marcb of 
 the Convention troops to Virpnia, in 
 1778, commanded the 3d German divit- 
 ion composed of the Battalion Bamer, 
 the Regiment Hesse Han^n and the 
 Hanau Artillery.3 He wasezdiaaged late 
 in 1780, or early in 1781, ami m m md 
 to Europe only to encounter an enraged 
 prince, who dismissed him from the 
 service for returning home without the 
 royalleave; though the prince's dirpleaMuc 
 was greatly heightened because he had 
 heard that Gall had been ** accmed ot re- 
 
 taining money and appropriating it to his 
 own use. and also of partiality." Gen. 
 Ricdesel's report to the Hereditary Prince 
 of Hesse Hanau shows that while Col. Gall 
 had been guilty of gross irregularity, it 
 was not due to any desire for seltish gain 
 but solely to benefit his men. Max 
 Won Eelking, in commenting upon Ried- 
 esel's 'report, says : "The soldiers were 
 those mostly qU'irtered on the inhabitants, 
 tu whom they sold their rations, and by 
 whom they were boarded in -exchange. 
 The soldiers were also furnished with 
 rice, dour and ither articles ; and the 
 inhabitants, having in Colonel Gall's 
 ofunion, the advantage, he desired to turn 
 the sca'e in favor of his men by cutting 
 down those rations which the inhabitants 
 received from the soldiers, hoping to turn 
 the surplus into money out of which a 
 fiind could be created for the benefit of 
 the men in unforeseen emergencies. 
 Colonel Gall had taken this idea from 
 the Brunswickers, who had a reserve 
 iimd oi this nature made up by the 
 month'y contributions of the men, a 
 small amount being deducted from their 
 
 regular monthly pay . This atfair 
 
 of Col. Gall attracted great attention, not 
 only in Hessia, but throughout Germany. 
 It was even discussed in the public jour- 
 nals."* ['K. iM. 38. "K. M. too, 
 105, 107. 3K. N. 47. ■♦K. N. 101- 
 105, xi6-2i8.] 
 
Lieut, Hadderi's yournaL 37 
 
 under Major Gen'l Baron de Reidesil, ^P who 
 took up his Quarters at Trots Rivieres^ half way 
 between Montreal & ^ebec. 
 
 In February M. G'l Phillips reviewed the 21st 
 Reg't at St. John's and 12 Men were taken away 
 Frost bitten^ but recover'd by being kept from the 
 fire, in a warm Room & chaPd with Snow. 
 
 ap. Friederich Adoiphus Riedetel be- 
 longed to one of the oldest and richest of 
 the baronial families in the interior of 
 Germany, and was burn June 3d, 1738, 
 in the ancrstral castle of Lauterbacb, in 
 Rhinehesse. His father was John Wil- 
 liam Riedesel, who, at the time of Fried- 
 crich's birth, was government assessor and 
 page to the prince of Eisenach ; and his 
 mother was Sophie Hedwig, a daughter 
 of Baron Von Burke, a Prussian lieuten- 
 ant-general, and the governor of Stettin. 
 In his early youth Friederich was sent to 
 a clergyman in Frischborn (near Lauter- 
 bach) to be educated; and at hftern he 
 entered the law school at Marburg, as 
 his father intended him for the legal pro- 
 fession. A Hessian battalion of infantry 
 in garrison at Marburg, however, so 
 aroused the boy's military ardor, that he 
 abandoned the law for the army, and be- 
 came a vice-ensign in a regiment which 
 was shortly after received into the English 
 establishment and quartered in a town 
 near London, where he became proticict 
 in both the French and English languages. 
 When the Seven Years War broke out, 
 in 1756, the regiment Riedesel was at- 
 tached to, was recalled to Germany, and 
 he was appointed an aid to Prince Fer- 
 dinand of Brunswick. He bore himself 
 10 gallantly at Minden, Aug. i, 1759, 
 that the prince made him bearer of dis- 
 patches and recommended him for pro- 
 motion. Accordingly he was made a 
 captain in a new Hessian regiment of 
 
 Blue Huuars, but he never led hit 
 troop as Prince Ferdinand still retained 
 him upon his statf. The landgrave of 
 Hcssia iiaving overlooked Riedesel in 
 the promotions of 1761, the latter re- 
 signed his commission, but the slight 
 having been repaired in the May of that 
 year by his appointment as lieut.-colonel 
 ai the Black Hussars he did not leave 
 the army. Two months later the com- 
 mand of Biuer's regiment was likewise 
 conferred on him, the two being equal 
 to a cavalry brigade. Riedesel saw 
 much service and gained much credit 
 durint; the Seven Years War, in which 
 be was wounded. On the disbanding of 
 his regiment in 1767 he was appointed 
 adjutant general uf the Brunswick army, 
 and in 177Z he was made colonel of 
 carbineers, which corps was subsequently 
 formed into a dragoon regiment. 
 
 He was advanced to the rank of major- 
 general and given the command of the 
 Brunswick troops hired by George III for 
 service in America. Riedesel sailed from 
 the Elbe with the fiist detachment of his 
 Brunswickers, March 21, 1776, and ar- 
 rived at Spithead on the 28th, whence 
 after a few days delay he sailed with a 
 fleet containing English troops, to (Quebec 
 where he arrived June I St. The year 
 1776 he spent in Canada, and in 1777 par- 
 ticipated in Burgoyne's campaign, being 
 included in the surrender at Saratoga. 
 He left Albany, Oct. 22, and arrived 
 with the other German prisoners at Cam- 
 
38 Lieut, Hadden*s JournaL 
 
 Previous to this all the Troops were provided 
 with Blanket Coats and Leggins, as also a 
 Woolen or Fur Cap & Mittens to protect 
 the Face, Ears, & Hands ageinst the in- 
 clemency of the Season. The 29th Reg't and 
 Artillery in Garrison at Montreal were reviewed 
 on the Ice by the Com'r in Chief, who during 
 this excursion, visited & reviewed the Troops in 
 most of the Cantonments. 
 
 bridge, Nov. yth. In Nov., 1778, the 
 Convention prisoners were transferred to 
 Virginia, and with them Gen. Riedesel 
 and his family. He was exchanged Ort. 
 15, 1780, and Sir Henry Clinton at once 
 conferred the command of Long Island 
 upon him, with headquarters ?t Brook- 
 lyn. July 29th, 1781, he with his family 
 and guard sailed in the transport Little- 
 dale for Halifax and Quebec, at which 
 latter place he arrived a second time, 
 Sept. loth, 1 78 1, and again took pos- 
 session of his old quarters at Sorel. All 
 the foreign troops were at once ordered to 
 report to him, and he was placed in 
 charge of the district which lies south 
 of the St. Lawrence between Sorel and 
 Lakt Champlain. In 1783 an order 
 having been received to send Lome the 
 German troops, he sailed from Quebec 
 in August ot that year, and arrived in 
 England after a remarkably quick pas- 
 gage. Tlience he proceeded to his home 
 in Wolfenbiittel, which city he entered 
 at the head of his troops. 
 
 March 5th, 1787, he was promoted to 
 be a lieut, -general j and in the following 
 year he was appointed to the command of 
 the Brunswick contingent, which formed 
 a part of the German army that was 
 tent to Holland to support the cause of 
 the stadtholdcr. He served with brief 
 intervals in Holland until the close of 
 1793, when be retired to his ancestral 
 castle in Lauterbach. In 1794 he re- 
 
 turned to Brunswi-rk, having been ap- 
 pointed commandant of that city, but 
 he d. ■ "t live long to enjoy the honors 
 and eii. • iments of the position, as he 
 died in that town after a brief sickness, 
 Jan. 6th, 1800. 
 
 Gen. Riedesel in addition to his military 
 promotions, was decorated with the grand 
 cross of the Order of the Golden Lion. 
 Although a brave officer he gained no 
 particular laurels in Amciica, and it is 
 easy to see from both British and German 
 accounts, that a jealousy existed between 
 the troops of the different nations upon 
 Burgoyne's campaign. 
 
 In December, 1762, Gen. Riedesel 
 married Frederica, second daughter 
 of Commissary General Von Massow, 
 by which union he had nine children, 
 two of whom were born on this con- 
 tinent, viz — America, born in New 
 York city, March 7, 1780, and Canada, 
 born at Sorel in Canada, Nov. i, 178a. 
 His wife and family joined him in 
 Canada in 1777 and accompanied him 
 on Burgoyne's campaign and in all his 
 subsequent movements. Madame Ried- 
 esel's journals and letters furnish many 
 graphic descriptions of affairs in Bur- 
 goyne's army, and are by no means al- 
 ways flattering to the character or capacity 
 of that notable British officer. [H. P. 
 310 : F. E. 166. 208 : K. L, : K. M 8 
 K. N.] 
 
Lieut, Had den's Journal, 30 
 
 The Winter, for that climate was very mild 
 and tho* the Rivers were frozen over & passable 
 for Carnages from the beginning of January 'till 
 the Month of April we did not miss parading 
 twice a day in the Champ de Mars a very bleak 
 situation, above 12 or 14 Times during the Win- 
 ter. The cold always increased with the wind 
 from Its passing over the Frozen Lakes, and high 
 winds were usualy accompanied with a snow 
 storm, against which there is no Travelling In 
 calm weather the Sun was powerful and pleasant 
 tho It had but a trifling efl^ect on the Snow or 
 Ice, which latter was several Feet thick being in 
 many places, from the rapidity of the Current 
 thrown up in heaps before the whole was frozen 
 over : As soon as the River is passable Roads of 
 communication are maue between the Towns or 
 Villages on the opposite Banks of the River, and 
 all Frozen obstacles removed. Montreal is 70 
 Miles above Sorel, that is where the Sorel River 
 falls into the St. Lawrence. 
 
 During the Winter a Scout was sent across the 
 Lakes under Captain Af<r^^y «<? and brought in 
 
 Brilh ^"""' n ^"-^^ "'"''* ""= batulions, were disbanded and he went 
 
 He wa, promoted to a lieutenancy, Dec. breaking out of the American Revolu ion 
 
 6th, 1756, and continued to serve in and upon the American inva.ion of S 
 
 America t.11 the peace of 1763, when province in ,775, he wa, an active d* 
 
 twobattahonsof the 60th and the ad- ticipant in thV measured devi«rfoft. 
 
 d.t.onal compan-e, of the other two defence. Sanguinet in hi. jTuma r.nS 
 
40 Lieut. Hadderis "JournaL 
 
 some Prisoners from the Partage (or carrying 
 place) at the entrance of Lake George : we learnt 
 from them that the Enemy were preparing 
 against an Attack from us at Tyconderoga. 
 
 The latter end of April the River began to 
 free itself from the Floating Ice, which had 
 broken loose about a fortnight before. The 
 moment the Snow is off the ground Summer 
 commences, and vegetation is uncommonly quick. 
 
 Berthelut and Lorimier in their 
 Memoirs, to be found in vol. I of Ver- 
 reau's Inuaston du Canada, make frequent 
 mention of McKay as he was often dis- 
 patched upon scouis and petty expeditions 
 for prisoners or information. The latter 
 part of May, 1775, Sanguinet tells us, 
 '•Lieutenant Samuel Makaye, officier de 
 distinction " set out from Montreal with 
 fifty Canadian volunteers to occupy the 
 fcrt at St. John's, where he remained 
 till its caprure in September, 1775, when 
 he was made a prisoner.^ Gen. Mont- 
 gomery wrote to Gen. Schuyler from 
 Montreal, Nov. 19, 1775, as follows — "I 
 wish I could have apprized you in time, 
 of your obligations to Captain McKay. 
 He generously offered Mr. Carleton, if 
 he would give him 200 men, to go and 
 burn the new church at Sartigan, last 
 summer j he is so inveterate a fellow 
 that I think if the other prisoners ^huuid 
 be indulged in returning to their families 
 this winter, he ou^ht not to be permitted 
 to enter this Province."' Gen. Schuyler, 
 in a letter from Albany to Gov. Trum- 
 bull of Connecticut, under date of Dec. 
 1 2th, in that same year, wrote, — " Mr. 
 McKay, who was taken at St. John's, 
 hat behaved in such a manner that 
 the Committee of this place have re- 
 quested his removal. I have discharged 
 him from his parole of honour, and he 
 goes under an eKort to Lebanon^," Con- 
 
 necticut. He was . .. rdingly forwarded 
 to Hartford, and March aist, of the 
 next year, he and nine other British 
 officers, prisoners there, memorialized 
 Congress to be removed from Hartford, 
 because, as they say, " notwithstanding 
 it is their earnest wish and design to 
 avoid giving any just and reasonable 
 cause of offence to the inhabitants in 
 their neighbourhood, yet the most trivial 
 incidents are industriously misrepresented 
 and maliciously propagated through the 
 country, insomuch that their personal 
 safety is actually endangered by mobs, 
 there being none of the Continental 
 Troops here to grant them a safeguard. "S 
 Illustrations of the kind of treatment 
 complained of, are given by the British 
 Major French of the 2ad Foot, then a 
 prisoner at Hartford, in his Journal to be 
 found in vol. I, of the Collections of 
 the Connecticut Historical Society. The 
 memorial proving ineffectual, we next 
 find Capt. McKay applying to Gen. 
 Washington on the 9th of April for a 
 release by exchange or on parole ; but 
 without success.' Failing to secure his 
 liberty in any other way Capt. McKay 
 broke hit parole on Saturday night, May 
 19th, and, in the garb of a clcvjiyman, 
 attempted to escape to Canada." Under 
 date of Wednesday, May 22u, Major 
 French wrote in his Journal — " Capt. 
 McKay and his servant, one McFarlan 
 
Lieut. HadderCs yournal, 41 
 
 The Snow usualy goes away the beginning of 
 May & by yune you have ripe Strawberries, even 
 before the Snow is gone the Climate & Sun is 
 almost unpleasantly warm. Upon the whole the 
 Winter in Canada may be passed very pleasantly 
 the weather being in general settled, and the 
 amusement oiCabrioling (or driving m a Carriage 
 without Wheels supported by pieces of wood 
 shod with Iron) which is healthy and much fol- 
 
 of the Royal Artillery, were brought 
 back in company with one Graves, of 
 Pittsfield in the Province of Massa- 
 chuietts Bay, about 70 miles distant, 
 whom, they alledged, was his guide, 
 having been taken at Laneiborough, four 
 or five miles beyond Pittsfield, by tome 
 country fellows who suspected tiiem, and 
 who after having tied him, knocked him 
 down, and beat and abused him in the 
 grossest manner. In the evening they 
 were all sent to the common gaol in- 
 discriminately." Major French, in re- 
 ferring to Capt. McKay's bruises, states 
 that the captain was refused the services 
 of the surgeons he desired, and adds — 
 "In consequence of the behaviour of 
 the mob on the 20th, and the inflamed 
 appearan'-^ we observed among them 
 when Capt. McKay was brought back, 
 we all signed a paper, and I gave it to 
 the Governor, requesting protection from 
 the fury of the populace." 
 
 The Connecticut Courant and Hartford 
 fFeekly Intelligencer for May 27, 1776, 
 characterized McKay's violation of his 
 parole in the following vigorous man- 
 ner — " The infamous Capt. McKay, 
 who i> to lost to every principle of honor 
 as to violate his parole and endeavour 
 to make his escape as mentioned in our 
 last, was last Monday apprehended and 
 taken by a number of gentlemen at 
 Lainiborough, Berkshire county, and on 
 
 Wednesday following was safely brought 
 to this town and lodged in the common 
 goal. His servant, McFarland, together 
 with a certain John Graves of Pittsfield, 
 were likewise taken with him, and both 
 are committed to prison. Graves is an 
 inhabitant of Pittstield, in the province 
 of Massachusetts Bay, where he hat 
 considerable property : but being in- 
 stigated by the devil, and his own wicked 
 heart, he had undertaken to pilot Mc 
 Kay to Albany, and had procured fresh 
 horses at proper stages on thr road to 
 expedite his flight. Quere. fVhat dae% 
 the lait mentioned •villain deserve? " 
 
 Notwithstanding the captain was com- 
 mitted to close jail in Hartford, neither 
 bolts nor ban were effectual to restrain 
 him long, as Major French records un- 
 der date of "Tuesday, loth Sept., 
 Capt. McKay and Mr. Graves made 
 their escape this night in a manner 
 which surprized all without, as much as 
 us their fellow prisoners, since there 
 was no appearance of any breach, and two 
 strong prison doors were bolted and the 
 outside one locked." 
 
 The advertisementof the reward otfered 
 for McKay's arrest taken from the Con- 
 necticut Courant for Sept. 23, 1776, 
 affords us a glimpse of this worthy's per* 
 sonal appearance, at least as he appeared 
 to the patriot authorities to whom he 
 had given the slip. It is as follows — 
 
4-2 Lieut » H add en's Journal, 
 
 lowed by all Ranks above the very poor. They 
 can enjoy every fine day, and necessity is the 
 parent of many home amusements. 
 
 Skating may sometimes offer but tho' there 
 is plenty of Ice you cannot always find a 
 clear spot. To obviate this, the officers at many 
 places hired people to sweep away the Snow 
 as it fell upon certain situations fixed for that 
 exercise. 
 
 ♦' Se-vtnty Dollars Reward' 
 
 "Escaped from Hartford goal, in the 
 State of Connecticut, in the night 
 following the loth instant, one Samuel 
 McKay, a Lieut, in the British ser- 
 vice, taken at St. John's and confined 
 by the Committee for having before 
 broke his parole by running away. 
 And one yohn Graves of Pittsfield, who 
 was imprisoned for being a vile tory, and 
 assisting said McKay in getting away zs 
 aforesaid. Said McKay has a wife in 
 Canada, is of light complexion, light 
 coloured hair and eyes, considerably pitted 
 with the small pox, has a long nose, is 
 tall in stature, has a droll fawning way 
 in speech and behaviour, uncertain what 
 clothes he wore away ; had with him a 
 blue coat with white cuH^ and lapels, a 
 gray mixt coloured coat, and a red coat 
 white waistcoats, a brown camblet cloak 
 lined with green baize, and a pair of 
 brown corduroy breeches. Graves is 
 short in stature, has long black hair, 
 brown complexion, dark eyes, one leg 
 shorter than t'other, appears rather simple 
 n talk and behaviour ,• had a snufF 
 colour'd surtout and coat, green waist- 
 coat, and white flannel ditto, leather 
 breeches and white trousers. Whoever 
 shall take up and return to the goal in 
 Hartford, the aforesaid McKay and 
 Graves, shall be entitled to 50 dollars 
 
 reward for said McKay, and zo dollars 
 for said Graves, by 
 
 EZEKIEL W|LLIAM^ Sheriff. 
 
 Hartford, September 11, 1776." 
 
 Capt. McKay hastened to Canada, and 
 as early as Nov. 20tb, in that same year 
 (1776), was authorized to raise a com- 
 pany of Canadians for the following year's 
 
 campaign.' 
 
 His zeal and the kind of 
 
 warfare he waged is indicated by the 
 following extract from a letter dated 
 Albany, March 29th, 1777, and printed 
 in the Continental Journal for April 10, 
 1777 : — " A boat a week ago." says the 
 letter, *' the famous McCay (who broke 
 out of Harttbrd Goal last September and 
 made hh escape) with a party of Indians 
 attack'd thirty odd unarmed recruits 
 with two ofScers, at Sabbath-day-point, 
 a little before day, as they were asleep 
 round a fire; tbey were on their way 
 from Ticonderoga to Fort George to join 
 their corps. They tomahawked four of 
 the men on the spot and fired a ball 
 through the upper part of the breast of 
 Capt. Heny, of which he is getting 
 better. Capt. Whitcomb with 40 men 
 was dispatch'd as soon as the account 
 reached Ticonderoga with a design to 
 fall in with the enemy on their way to 
 Canada, and I am just now informed he 
 succeeded in his plan, and has killed 
 several of the Indians and wounded sev- 
 eral more : I hope ic may be true. Only 
 
Lieut, Hadden's yournaU 43 
 
 The 6th of May Gen'l Burgoyne arrived at 
 Quebec from England, it is remarkable that, that 
 very day twelve-months the Garrison was re- 
 lieved, and that no Ships ever arrived sooner, the 
 Passage up the River be'g obstructed by the Ice. 
 Preparations were now made for an Expedition 
 under his Command, against Tyconderoga. 
 Contracts for Horses were made and Carriages 
 
 two of the party, beside the wounded 
 officer, got clear of the Savages, the re- 
 mainder that were not killed were taken 
 prisoners." 
 
 Having raised a company of one hun- 
 dred men, which in the spring of 1777 
 was attached to St. Leger's expedition, he 
 declined the appointment as captain, 
 and went upon Burgoyne's campaign as 
 a volunteer. This he did, according to 
 Sanguinet, because he was dissatisfied with 
 Sir Guy Carleton's unwillingness to com- 
 mission him, for it must be remembered 
 that being appointed an officer, and being 
 commissioned as one, were two very 
 different things in the loyal provincial 
 corps. He was a brave and active par- 
 tisan, and with a party of troops and 
 Indians demolished a number of wagons 
 at Skenesborough which were carrying 
 stores to the .Americans, and took the 
 drivers prisoners.^ He rendered much 
 like service throughout Burgoyne's cam- 
 paign, and returned to Canada upon that 
 general's surrender. The following letter 
 from Gen. Haldimand to Capt. McKay 
 shows what a stumbling block the dec- 
 lination of the command of the Canadian 
 company afterwards became in the latter's 
 path. 
 
 "^ebec, tie 13M Ju/y, 1778. 
 " Lt. Mackay. 
 
 " Sir. I have rec'd a letter from you 
 dated the nth of this month and in 
 answer to it I can only inform you that 
 
 as you refused the offer which Gen'l 
 Carleton made you of a Canadian com- 
 pany last summer, the General did not 
 think proper to employ you afterwards 
 in any other military capacity. As to 
 the command of Phister's which you 
 aJledge was given you by Gen'l Burgoyne 
 you must be sensible that upon its en- 
 tering this province Gen'l Carleton only 
 was to judge of the propriety of keeping 
 it up or not, or of making what alter- 
 ations he thought proper in it. No 
 charge, or accusation is brought against 
 you, neither is your character in any 
 respect impeached. Gen'l Carleton did 
 not receive the men you brought as 
 troops, but as People who from their 
 distressed situation wanted that some 
 provision should be made for them, and I 
 see no reason at present for making any 
 change in the arrangements he has 
 thought proper to settle in regard to this 
 matter made by Sir Guy Carleton in this 
 respect.'"" 
 
 Capt McKay died in the summer of 
 1779, leaving a wife and family in dis- 
 tress, according to Gen'l Haldimand, who 
 pronounced the deceased officer to be 
 "an exceeding good soldier."" ['B. H. 
 »K. Y. 33,41,143: A. W. 229: H. S. 
 287. 3E. 1683. 4F. 248. 5G. 452. «G. 
 858. 71- 133: H. 563, 574, 601,633. 
 «F. B. 270. 9H. G. 614. i°F. L. 4. 
 "F. H. 134.] 
 
44 Lieut, Haddens Journal, 
 
 purchased, the Batteaux's were put in repair, and 
 the New Ship, called the Royal George was 
 launched and fitted up to carry 24 Guns. 12 
 P'rs. Some of the Rebel Vessels taken last year, 
 were also put in condition to act offensively and 
 went thro' several alterations. 
 
 Gen'l Burgoyne arrived at Montreal, and the 
 following Corps were order'd for the expedition, 
 (viz) the 9th, 20th, 2ist, 24th, 47th, 53rd and 
 62nd British Regiments with the Flank Com- 
 panies of the 2v^th, 31st & 34th Regiments, 
 British. The Regiments of iJ^^'/z, Specht, Reidesily 
 Prince Frederick, and Hesse Hanau and the Com- 
 pany of Artillery, German, with about 40 Jagers, 
 & as many English Marksmen selected from 
 the different Regiments, & called Rangers. 
 Also some few Canadians, and Provincials in all 
 about 7000 Men ; including 250 British Artillery, 
 & some Recruits for Gen'l Howe's Army under 
 a Lt. Nutt. «?• Under General Burgoyne, were, 
 Maj'r Generals Phillips & Reidesil, Brigadiers 
 
 ar. George Anson Nutt w« com- 
 missioned as ensign in the 33d Foot, 
 Aug. a8, 1771, and was promoted to a 
 lieutenancy, Oct. 26, 1775. How he 
 happened to be in Canada in 1776, and 
 with Burgoyne in 1777, has been ex- 
 plained in the Editor's Eiplanatory 
 Chapter. He and hi* recruits were 
 attached to the artillery on Burgoyne's 
 campaign, and were included in the 
 capitulation at Saratoga, his name being 
 
 attached to the Cambridge Parole. He 
 was promoted to be capt. -lieutenant, Oct. 
 I, 1780, and he was exchanged Sept. 
 3, I7£i. At the peace of 1783 he 
 went upon half- pay, and did not return 
 to active service till 1787, when he be- 
 came a captain in the 65th Foot, hit 
 commission bearing date on M^y 30th 
 of that year. He appears in the Army 
 Lists for the last time in 1789. [B. H. : 
 K. J. 64.] 
 
Lieut, Hadden's Journal. 4.5 
 
 Frazer<i^y Powell^t^ Hamilton f^^^ Specht^^^, and Goll. 
 Another expedition was also prepared under 
 Brigadier Gen'l 5/. Leger^f^^'^ consisting of about 
 
 at. See Appendix 9. 
 
 at. See Appendix 10. 
 
 au. See Appendix 11. 
 
 av. Johann Friedcrich Specht was 
 colonel of the Regiment Specht, and was 
 the second in command of the Bruns- 
 wickers tent to Canada in the spring of 
 1776, to re-inforce Gen. Carleton, ranlc- 
 ing next to Maj.-Gen. Riedesel. The 
 Germans, it will be remembered, went 
 to Canada in two divisions ; the first, 
 commanded by Gen. Riedesel, arrived at 
 Quebec, June I, 1776; and the second, 
 under Col. Specht, reached there on the 
 17th of the following September. As 
 loon as Col. Specht arrived in Canada 
 he assumed command of a brigade con- 
 sisting of his own regiment, and tiie 
 Regiment Rhetz, though he was not 
 appointed a brig. -general, till Oct. 28, 
 1776. The winter quarters of his 
 brigade in 1776, and '77, occupied the 
 parishes of Champlain, Batisca, and St. 
 Anne, and there he passed the winter. 
 In 1777 he and his command formed 
 part of Burgoyne's expedition, and on 
 the 7th of June they crossed the St. 
 Lawrence en route to the place of ren- 
 dezvous of Burgoyne's furce,the Regiment 
 Riedesel being added to Specht's brigade, 
 which was known as the First German 
 Brigade. He shared in the dangers, 
 misfortunes and capitulation of Bur- 
 goyne's army, and on the march of the 
 Convention troops to Virginia he com- 
 manded the German divisions. When 
 in the autumn of 1779, ^"^ Riedesel 
 left Virginia for New York on parole 
 preparatory to being exchanged, Gen. 
 Specht assumed entire command of the 
 Germans remaining in Virginia, which 
 
 he retained until he was himself ex- 
 changed in Oct., 1780. Gen. Specht 
 went to Canada after his exchange, as 
 we find him serving there in June, 1 78 1 ; 
 and in September of that year he com- 
 manded the German troops in the vicin- 
 ity of Montreal. He served in Canada 
 during the remainder of the war, and 
 returned home with the German troops, 
 entering Brunswick at the head of the 
 second division (Riedesel led the first), 
 in Oct., 1783. He died at Brunswick 
 as a pensioned colonel, June 24, 1787. 
 Unfortunately, the editor, or translator, of 
 the memoirs of Maj. Gen. Riedesel, hag 
 confused Col. Specht, of ''he Regiment 
 Specht, aftei wards a brigadier-general, 
 with Lieut. -Col. Speth of the Regiment 
 Riedesel, by frequently calling the latter 
 Lieut. -Col. Spetht, which interferes with 
 the usefulness of that work in regard to 
 the subject of this sketch. [K. M. 
 26, 62, 66, 68, 76, 82, 100, 107 : K. 
 N. 47. 73. 100, 138, 184, 206, 207, 
 248: K. L. 160 : F. E. 53.] 
 
 atv. Barry St. Leger, a nephew of the 
 fourth Viscount Doneraile, was of Hu- 
 guenot descent, and was born in or about 
 the year 1737.' He entered the British 
 military service as an ensign in the 28th 
 Foot, April 27th, 1756, and the next 
 year accompanied his regiment to Amer- 
 ica where it served under Gen. Aber- 
 cromby. He seems to have been allowed 
 to jump the grade of lieutenant, and he 
 was promoted to a captaincy in the 48th 
 Foot, then likewise in America, March 
 24th, 1758.^ He participated in the 
 siege and capture of Louisbourg in 1758, 
 and accompanied Wolfe to Quebec in 
 1759, participating in the battle on the 
 Heights of Abraham. The last order 
 given by the dying Wolfe was — " Go, 
 
 1 
 
^b Lieut. HadderCs Journal, 
 
 2 Hundred Regulars, a Provincial Reg't of 200 
 More and 3 or 4 hundred Wirtemburg Chasseurs, 
 and to be joined by about 4 or 500 Savages in 
 all it was expected he wou'd have 1 2 or 13 hun- 
 dred Men bearing arms. He carried with him 
 2 — 6 Pounders, 2 — 3 Pounders, 4 — 4^ Howitzers 
 and 40 Artillery Men, under two Subalterns. 
 This Detachment was destined to pass by Niagara 
 across Lake Ontario to Oswego and attack Fort 
 
 one of you, my lads, to Colonel Burton, 
 tell him to march Webb's regiment" 
 (the 48th) " with all speed to Charles's 
 river to cut off the retreat of the fugi- 
 tives from the bridge," St. Leger, whc 
 was in Webb's regiment, behaved gal- 
 lantly near the bridge in checking the 
 flight of the French, and was slightly 
 wounded.' In July, 1760, he was ap- 
 pointed brigade major preparatory to 
 marching to Montreal^, and he became 
 major of the 95th Foot Aug. i6th, 1762. 
 Upon that regiment's being reduced at 
 the peace of 1763, he went upon half- 
 pay. He became a lieut. -colonel in the 
 army, May 25, 1772, and the lieut.- 
 colonelofthe 34th Foot, May 20, 1775."'' 
 
 •''' The Annual Register for 1773, under 
 date of April 7th, contains a notice of 
 the marriage of " Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Barry St. Leger, nephew of the late 
 Lord Viscount Doneraile, and fellow of 
 St. Peter's College, Cambridge, to Lady 
 Mansel, widow of the late Sir Edward 
 Mansel of Trinsaran, South Wales." 
 
 '"^tn the spring of 1776, his regiment 
 formed a part of the reinforcement sent 
 over to Sir Guy Carleton, and he ac- 
 companied it to Canada. He took part 
 in Sir Guy's operations in 1776, and the 
 next year, acting as a brigadier, he led the 
 force which was intended to move 
 from Oswego by the way of Oneida 
 Lake and Wood creek to the Mohawk, 
 
 thence down the river to Albany, 
 where a junction was to be effected 
 with Burgoyne.* The termination 
 of the affair so unfortunate for its 
 commander, is well known. Hit 
 report to Gen. Burgoyne of his opera- 
 tions before Fort Stanwix (or Schuyler), 
 u^'ed Oswego, Aug. 27, 1777, is to be 
 iuund in the appendix of the State of the 
 Expedition. Sir Guy Carleton evi- 
 dently thought St. Leger lacking in 
 vigor in disciplining his troops as shown 
 by the former's letter to Gen. Maclean, 
 which is as follows : 
 
 " HtAU {Quarters Quebec, 
 
 24M7«/)', 1777. 
 
 . . . Lieut.-Culonel St. Leger may be 
 informed that he ought to have seized 
 and sent down here in irons, those 
 Canadians whom he mentions having 
 held such conversations to and occa- 
 sioned the desertion of Capt. Rouville's 
 Company. Two men for each deserter 
 are to be demanded, upon pain of mili- 
 tary execution, from the parishes to 
 which the deserters belong, and the Cap- 
 tains of Militia are to be enjoined to find 
 the deserters themselves, and safely con- 
 duct them to where you shall direct, in 
 order to their being sent prisoners to the 
 companies from which they have de- 
 serted, there to be tried and punished. "S 
 
 Sept. 23, 1777, St. Leger's force 
 was sent to Ticonderoga to be subject to 
 
Lieut, Hodden's JournaL 4.7 
 
 Stanijoixy after which Gen'l St. Leger was to 
 proceed down the Mohawk^ and join Gen'l Bur- 
 goyne at Albany. 
 
 June the 4th being the Kings Birth day the 
 Town (Montreal) was illuminated, and Thurs- 
 day June the 5th 1777 I crossed the St. Lawrence 
 (here near two Miles wide) and arrived at Lon- 
 geiui on the opposite shore, with the Detachment 
 of Artillery destined for the expedition. In the 
 
 Gen. Burguyne's orders, but, as commu- 
 nication with Burgoyne was inteiruptcd, 
 it did not proceed si'Utii of Ticonderoga, 
 and whien that Fortress was abandoned in 
 November of that year it returned to 
 Canada." He became a colonel in the 
 army, Nov. 17th, 1780''', and a brigadier- 
 general in the army in Canada Oct. 2l$t, 
 1782, his command consisting ot the 
 troops "on the Island of Montreal, Isle 
 of Jesus, Miller Island as far as Couteau 
 du Lac upon the north, and from thence 
 to La Prairie exclusive on the touth side 
 of the River St. Lawrence."'' He was 
 commandant of his majesty's forces in 
 Canadi in the autumn of 1784,'' and his 
 name appears in the Army Lists for the 
 last time in 1785. J A writer in the 
 American Historical Record for 1 874 
 (p. 435) says he died in 1789. when he 
 was a little past fifty years of age. 
 
 It it not easy, from the data that hare 
 come down to us, to form a clear idea of 
 St. Leger's character. His letter to Gen. 
 Schuyler dated Nov. 7th, 178 1, in re- 
 ference to some of the latter's silver that 
 had been plundered by a British scouting 
 party, does not reflect upon St. Leger 
 discreditably', but his duplicity in trying 
 to induce the garrison of Fort Schuyler 
 to surrender, cannot legitimately be in- 
 cluded under the tei.i', military strategy; 
 and his message holding out the terrors 
 of unrestrained savage allies, was so bar- 
 
 barous, that Col. Willett characterized it 
 as " a degrading one for a British otficer 
 to send, and by no means reputable for • 
 British otficer to carry."* 
 
 St. Leger's message prepares us to be- 
 lieve the otherwise well nigh incredible 
 deposition of Dr Moses Younglove who 
 was taken prisoner at Orislcany, where 
 he says he was informed by several ser- 
 geants orderly on Gen. St. Leger that 
 $20 were oflered in general orders for 
 every American scalp.'" 
 
 The testimony of Squire Ferris, like- 
 wise, who was an American prisoner in 
 Canada in the spring of 1779, is of tht 
 most unflattering description. Speaking 
 of a party of fellow prisoners who had 
 attempted to escape, Ferris says — " For 
 four days before they were retaken, they 
 had nothing tor food but tea, and were 
 so weak they could hardly walk. The 
 forces at St. John's were then com- 
 manded by Col. St. Leger, a brutal 
 drunkard, who ordered the prisoners to be 
 ironed together, and put them in a dun- 
 geon for fourteen days, at the end of 
 which time, and ironed hiind in hand to 
 each other, they were sent to Chamblee 
 and from there by the rivers Sorel and St. 
 Lawrence to Quebec."" ['N. 435. 'B. 
 H. n , R. 714. 
 »F. B. 617. "F. 
 ^F. E. 107, ao8. 8j. R. 9M. U. 
 '• L. J. App. 10.. "'L. M 92.] 
 
 ♦L. I : G. 2, 
 C, 24; F. E. 
 
 66. 
 
 85. 
 58. 
 
48 Lieut. HadderCs yournal. 
 
 Evening I rode over to Boucherville a very pleas- 
 ant Village also on the Banks of the River and 
 Six Miles from hence. 
 
 Gen'l Carlton passed here this day on his way 
 to St. Johns : He, with Maj'r Gen'l Jones «* 
 
 ax. Valentine Jones was born in or 
 about the year 1723, and entered the 
 British army in 1741 as an ensign in the 
 33d Foot. He wai present at the battle of 
 Dettingen in 1743 ; and at Fontenoy, in 
 1745, ^^ ^^ ""^ °^ ^^^ ^^'^ officers of 
 the 33d left alive. He was promoted to 
 a lieutenancy, May I, 17451 during 
 which year he returned to England and 
 assisted in suppressing the rebellion in 
 Scotland. He became capt. -lieutenant 
 of the 33d. Sept. a6, 1754, and a captain 
 in the 54th Foot, Oct. 13, 1755. In 
 1758 this regiment was re-numbered as 
 the 52d, and he became its major, Oct. 
 14, 1758, and its lieut. -colonel, March 
 4, 1760. During the war which ended 
 at the peace of 1763 this officer was 
 stationed in Ireland, where he was of 
 essential service in defending many parts 
 of that kingdom from the outrages of 
 the White Boys. In the memorable riot 
 near the parliament house in Dublin, 
 which threatened the destruction of the 
 Duke ot Bedford, his activity and atten- 
 tion were the means of preserving the 
 live$ of the viceroy and the secretary, he 
 being the commanding officer of the party 
 which quelled the disturbance. For his 
 conduct on that occasion he received the 
 thanks of the House of Commons. 
 He became a colonel in the army. May 
 25, 1772, and in 1774, when his 
 regiment was ordered away from Quebec, 
 where it had long been stationed, the 
 following gratifying address was pres- 
 ented to him, viz. — 
 
 " To Valentine Jones, Esq., Lieut.- 
 Colonel of his Majesty's 5 2d Reg't of 
 Foot. 
 
 " The Address of the Subscribers, Mer- 
 chants, and other Inhabitants of the city 
 of Quebec. 
 
 "Sir : It is with much concern we 
 learn that his Majesty's service at this 
 time calls for you and the Regiment 
 under your command from this province; 
 and we should on this occasion be much 
 short oi thi: respect due to you, and 
 which Truth demands of us, if we did 
 not take this public method of returning 
 you our most sincere and hearty thanki 
 for the obliging, regular and humane 
 conduct you have ever observed for the 
 many years you have resided among us ; 
 during which you have always paid that 
 just regard to the protection of our 
 Civil Rights, and the proper Discipline 
 of the Troops under your Command, ai 
 became the prudent and experienced 
 officer. 
 
 •' We heartily wish you and the 
 gentlemen of the Corps under yoor 
 Command a safe and pleasant voyage, and 
 doubt not that in your next quarters hit 
 Majesty's Subjects may have equal cause 
 to bear Testimony of the uprightness of 
 your conduct as the citizens of Quebec. 
 We have the honour to be, &c." 
 
 In December, 1774, Gen. Gage, then 
 commander-in-chief in America, ap- 
 pointed Col. Jones a brig. -general, and 
 Capt. Edward Cane of the 43d Foot, his 
 major of brigade. Gen. Jones was 
 appointed a major-general in America 
 Jan. I, 1776; colonel of the 62d Foot 
 Jan. 15, 1776) and a major-general in 
 the army, Aug. ?9, 1777. He arrived 
 in England from America early in 
 November, 1778, and on the i8th of 
 
Lieut, Hodden's Journal, 49 
 
 remains in Canada, and for the defence of that 
 Province retains the 29th, 31st & 34th Regi- 
 ments except a hundred from the latter going 
 with Brigadier Gen'l St. Leger. He has also 2 
 German Reg'ts °y and 50 Men from Six of the 
 Regiments going with Gen'l Burgoyne, in all 
 
 that month had a conference with hi* 
 majesty. He died at LUnidloei, Mont- 
 gomerj'sbire, Scotland, in November, 
 1779. The Gtnt/eman't Magazine i»yi: — 
 " He had been in the army thirty- 
 eight years, and during that period had 
 lerred his country on many important 
 and trying occasions. ... At the 
 close of last year [1778] he returned 
 from America, where he had served 
 fourti -n years, and where he had been 
 employed on many services, botb civil 
 and military, and distinguished for his 
 bravery, humanity, and evtry other virtue 
 which can adorn the soldier and the 
 man. Increasing infirmities, the conse- 
 quences of an active and laborious litie 
 wholly spent in the duty of his station, 
 necessarily requiring those assistances 
 which could only be afforded to him in 
 his own country, he died at the age of 
 56, honoured with the confidence of 
 men of the ablest judgement and highest 
 rank in his profession ; respected and 
 beloved by the army in general ; while 
 his iou will be long deplored, and his 
 memory revered by every domestic 
 connection." [B. H.: J. C: J. D.: 
 H. J. 462, 486: H.L. 466: D. W. 
 566.] 
 
 ay. The Hanau Chaueurs muit have 
 been one of the two German regiments 
 Hadden referred to. It probably arrived 
 in Canada late in the spring or early in 
 the summer of 1777, and an extract 
 from a letter from Hanau, Jan. 24, 
 >777» printed in the Continental 
 yournal of May 22, 1 777, speaks of it 
 
 in this 
 
 " A corps of volunteer chasseurs are 
 raising here for the service of, and to be 
 in the pay of Great Britain, destined to 
 join the corps of troopt of Hesse Hannau 
 in America. They will have the same 
 high pay which the Court of London 
 hath given to the Hessian Chasseurs." 
 
 Lord George Gcrmaine's letter to Gen. 
 Carleton, d<ted at Whitehall, 26th 
 March, 1777, to be found in the State 
 of the Expedition, A pp. ix, directs that 
 342 Hanan Chasseurs be put under St. 
 Leger tor bis expedition against Fort 
 Stanwix. 
 
 In Cul. Ra-asford's Journal of " Trans- 
 actions as Commissary for embarking 
 Foreign Troops in the English service 
 from Germany," tot the years 1776- 
 ' 777> to be found in vol. 1 2, of the New 
 York Historical Society's Publication 
 Fund Series, we find that three com- 
 panies of HaiMu Chaueurs sailed from 
 S* Graverdael near Dort, April 16, 1777, 
 for Poramoath, England, and thence 
 for Canada, where they subsequently ar- 
 rived, serving under Sir Guy Carleton. 
 
 P? 430. 43 >. 43*. 469. 542- 
 
 The other German regiment Hadden 
 reficrred to in the text, must have been 
 composed of the details from the seven 
 German infantry regiments accompany- 
 ing Burgoyne, the names of which are 
 to be found on page loi of vol. i, of 
 Gen. Riedesel's .Vfemoirs, Letters and 
 Journals, and which details, according to 
 Riedesel, amoanted to 667, but accord- 
 ing to the State of the Expedition, 
 App. XXVIII, to 711. 
 
50 Lieut. Hadden^s JournaL - 
 
 3500 Men including the Sick in Hospital, which 
 are by no means numerous. 
 
 Number of Artillery Men stationed at the 
 different Forts & Posts in Canada after the sur- 
 render of St. Johns & Chamblee, and previous 
 to our arrival last year. 
 
 at Niagara 
 
 at Detroit 
 
 at Oswegatchie 
 
 at Michilimachina '* 
 
 Sab'a, 
 
 Non Cont'd officer. 
 
 Gunners. 
 
 MatiOMc* 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 « 
 
 5 
 
 I 
 
 « 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 « 
 
 u 
 
 « 
 
 I 
 
 <i 
 
 (( 
 
 « 
 
 I 
 
 13 
 
 Total a I 2 
 
 Of Col. Phillips's Company. 
 
 Serg'l Gun'rt Dmai'r 
 
 at Quebec during the Siege i 2 i 
 
 These last under Cap't Tho's Jones, «2 and 
 his whole command during the Siege. 
 
 a-z. Thomas Jones catered the Royal was in America long prioi to the 
 
 Military Academy at Woolwich as a arrival of the artillery detachment that 
 
 gentleman cadet, March i8, 1755, and was sent out in the spring of 1776. 
 
 was commiatioaed a lieoc-fireworker in The artillery present at Quebec at the 
 
 the Royal Artillery Dec. 27, 175 5 ; a zd time of Montgomery's attack, and 
 
 lieut. April X, 1757; a ist Ucut. Jan. during the subsequent siege of the town 
 
 I, 1759; a capC-liestenaat Oct. 23, by Arnold, belonged to No. 3 Company, 
 
 1761; and a cape Jan. I. 1771.' He 4th Battalion, but they were very few 
 
 served in the ist Battalion ontO he got in number. They were under the com- 
 
 a company, when be was transferred to mand of Capt. Jones, whose services on 
 
 the 4th BattalJoB.* He took part in the occasion received the highest praise, 
 
 the siege of BeUstsie on the coast oi In the operations to expel the Americans 
 
 France in 1761, and proceeded with his from Canada in 1776, Capt. Jones took 
 
 battalion to America in 1773.* He was an active part and was attached to the 
 
 stationed in Canada in 1775, so that he right wing of the army.* In the abtumn 
 
Lieut, Hadden's JournaL 51 
 
 Friday, June 6th I received a letter from Bob^** 
 dated April 1 3th he was then at Kinsale on his way 
 to America, to join S'r Wm. Howe. June 7th the 
 Detachment marched to La Prairie Nine Miles 
 from Longeiul, above Montreal, and pleasantly 
 situate on the banks of the St. Lawrence. A few 
 Miles (4 or 5) above this place is a Town & set- 
 tlement of Indians, called the Cochnawauga's. 
 Sunday the 7th we proceeded to St. Johns^ 18 
 Miles, by the road on which Gen'l Gordon was 
 killed. Being incumber'd with many Carts &c 
 destined for the expedition our march was much 
 retarded by the badness of the Roads, which 
 were uncommonly so notwithstanding the late 
 fine weather : more than half the Carriages were 
 broken & we did not get to St. John's 'till night. 
 June loth M. Gen'l Phillips came to St. John's^ 
 
 of that year he returned to England, 
 and on the 31st of the following January 
 was married to a Mils Ibbetson, of 
 Greenwich, at St. James Church, Picca- 
 dilly, London.' He returned to Canada 
 in the spring of 1777, arriving at Quebec 
 early in June with a company of artillery*, 
 and that year participated in Burgoyne'* 
 campaign, on which he was attached to 
 Gen. Hamilton's Brigade in the right 
 wing of the army. Lieut. Hadden was 
 attached to his company, and has given 
 us, post, an interesting account of the 
 almost complete annihilation of Capt. 
 Jones' company, and of the captain's death 
 at Freeman's Farm, Sept. 19. Stedman 
 in his History of the American War, in 
 (peaking of the artillery in that engage- 
 ment, says — "The intrepidity of Capt. 
 
 Jones, of the British artillery, who fell 
 in this action, was particularly dis- 
 tinguished." Lieut. -Col. Kingston, Bur- 
 goyne's adjutant-generil, in testifying 
 before a committee of the House of 
 Commons, speaks of Capt. Jones as 
 " a very gallant man," and Gens. 
 Burgoyne' and Phillips,^ in their reports, 
 give him conspicuous mention. ['G. U. 
 *B. H. 3C. Z. 229, 270. *C. Z. 304: 
 E Z. 'H. G. 3. 'J. K. 'B. N.79, 
 App. 49. ^H. I. 10.] 
 
 ba. Robert Hadden entered the 
 British army as an ensign in the 4th, 
 or King's Own Foot, Jan. 6, 1776, the 
 regiment then being in America. He 
 was promoted to a lieutenancy Nov. 3, 
 1777, but his military life seems to have 
 
52 Lieut, Hadden' s Journal, 
 
 the iith Gen'ls Burgoyne and Reidesely June 
 1 2th S'r Guy Carlton. June 13th the Stand- 
 ard of England ** was hoisted on board the 
 Radcau, and saluted by the rest of the Ship- 
 
 bren brief, as his name appears in the 
 Army Lists for the last time in 1778. 
 He was, undoubtedly, a brother of the 
 author of the text. [B. H.] 
 
 bb. 1 his, it is believed, must mean the 
 Royal Standard, as, technically, there is 
 no standard of England. The Royal 
 Standard o? Greit Britain is a square flag 
 with the national arms covering the entire 
 field without any external accessories. Its 
 appearance dtnotes the presence of a 
 member of the royal family, and, when- 
 ever it is hoistei, it is saluted by every 
 British ship :n harbor. The British 
 national ensign is the Union Jack ; but 
 as each infantry regiment had a pair of 
 colors, one called the King's [or, in a 
 Queen's reign, the Queen's] color, being 
 the Union Jack charged with some orna- 
 mental device, and the other, the Regi- 
 mental color, with the cypher, number, 
 device, motto and honors of the corps 
 cantoned with a small Union Jack, and 
 as every British vessel carried an Union 
 Jack, we do not think the ordinary 
 national ensign can be referred to in the 
 text. The opinion thit the Royal 
 Standard is referred to in the text, is the 
 more Armly entertained, because under 
 the news from London in the Continental 
 Journal and ffeekly yiJ-vertiser of Boston 
 for September 19, 1776, the following 
 item appears, viz : — •' When all the 
 troops that are gone out arrive in America, 
 it is said that the Royal Standard is 
 to be hoisted in three different parts of 
 the country, when, it is thought, many 
 thousand people, friends to government, 
 finding themselves likely to be supported 
 (who were afraid before to take [i(</»] ) 
 will flock to it." 
 
 Although St. John's, where the Stand* 
 ard was hoisted, was in Canada, yet the 
 British government was scarcely lesi 
 exercised about the loyalty of the Cana- 
 dians than for that of those across the 
 border. Then, too, the British fleet was 
 about to enter American waters, and 
 Burgoyne's was one of the principal 
 British armies on this side the Atlantic, 
 so that if three Royal Standards were to 
 have been unfurled in America, his army 
 might properly enough have been selected 
 as a lit locality for one of them. As the 
 object of unfurling these Royal Standards 
 was to inspire loyalty and fidelity to the 
 king's person, and was intended to in- 
 dicate, if not the actual bodily presence 
 of royalty, at least the royal trust and 
 confidence that the king could safely rely 
 on the support of his American subjects, 
 just as members of the royal family are 
 not unfrequently sent to distant parts of 
 the British empire as a mark of favor and 
 confidence, the sending of these symbols 
 of royalty was an ingenious device to 
 arouse a spirit of loyalty, which, it was 
 hoped, only slumbered and was not dead. 
 
 Stedman in the second volume of his 
 History of the American War, in 
 writing of Cornwallis' advance northward 
 through South Carolini in 1781, says, 
 " Lord Cornwallis, having thus driven 
 General Greene out of the province of 
 North Carolina, returned by easy marches 
 from the banks of the Dan to Hillsbor- 
 ough, where he erected the king's stand- 
 ard, and invited by proclamation all loyal 
 subjects to repair to it, and take an 
 active part in assisting him to restore 
 order and constitutional government." 
 
Lteut. Hadden's Journal. 53 
 
 ping & Forts. The Fleet now consisted of The 
 
 Royal George iTGun^' Jnl'^iui '-^''^ 
 
 Brigg itr^ Inflextble 20 Guns. 
 
 Washington^^ 16 ' Mal^a"' " ,/^''- 
 
 Jersey^' y 
 
 and 24 Gun Boats, Mann'd and armed as last 
 year with Brass Artillery, besides these 4 Gun 
 Boats, as on the former Campaign, were attached 
 to the advanced Corps under B. G. Frazier and 
 never acted with the Fleet, carrying only the 
 Artillery of that light Brigade. The Army wa! 
 now advanced with part of the Shipping to Is/e 
 au hotx and Point a Per. The Barracks, and Dock 
 lard at St. Johns were now complete for every 
 necessary purpose, and the Works in a state of 
 defence. June 15th The Loyal Convert, Wash^ 
 tngton and L.. Cuuer took out their Guns and 
 were laden with Artillery, Stores, & Provisions, it 
 being known the Enemy had no Fleet sufficient 
 to oppose us : Several Gun Boats on a new con- 
 struction lately sent in pieces from England, were 
 left uncompleted for the same reason. This day 
 Gen Is Burgoyne & Reidesil set off for the Army. 
 Monday Jnn^ i6th 'jy, I embarked on board 
 the same Gun Boat, I served in last year, carry- 
 
 I'c. These vc«el, were taken from the enemy last year. [ifW</,„'. Nou.^ 
 
14 Lieut, HadderCs yournaL " 
 
 ing as before a medium 1 2 P'rs Brass, and in 
 company with ye RadeaUy also serv'd by Artillery, 
 and 23 other Gun Boats sailed from St. Johns ; 
 and came to an anchor at the Isle Au Noix^ 15 
 miles. The Commanding officer of Artillery 
 with one Company was on board the Radeau. 
 Last year this Vessel was commanded by a Lieut. 
 Scott of the Navy and this year by a Midship • 
 man the management of the Guns being both 
 years under the Com'g Officer of Artillery's 
 orders. This Vessel appears to be improper for 
 the Service as she will neither Row or Salt even 
 tolerably, is large and unwieldy. 
 
 Isle Au Noix. Here we found several Block 
 Houses finish'd and the Island in a tolerable state 
 of defence. The 20th Regiment, in Garrison at 
 this place were compensated for a scarcity of 
 Fresh Provisions by the immense quantities of 
 all kinds of Fish taken every where round the 
 Island, which in itself is extremely barren affi)rd- 
 ing a bare subsistence for a few Horses & Cows : 
 before this supply of Fish was to be had (The 
 Lake being Frozen) the Men were much af- 
 flicted with the Scurvey and many of them were 
 brought to the General Hospital^ which during 
 the last year was quarter'd at Montreal : A few 
 Men died, but the majority recover'd, and sup- 
 plies of Fiesh Provisions were latterly sent to 
 them across the Ice from St. Johns : The Spruce 
 Beer was also served to them & with success. 
 
Lieut, HadderCs Journal, 55 
 
 Wednesday June i8th 1777. We proceeded 
 to the Rtver La Cole, 9 Miles : this is a small 
 settlement on the Eastern *^ shore of the Lake 
 The Man who lived here was a Baylor, and 
 having received a sum of Money which he 
 shewed to some of the Soldiers at the Isle Au 
 iV,,;, during the last Winter, he was pursued and 
 murder d, the perpetrators of this horrid deed 
 were discover'd and one of them Executed 
 th^e not being sufficient proof against the rest! 
 Thursday June 19th. Early this mornine wc 
 sailed with a very fair wind, passed Point au fer 
 where a Post of 4 Companies was again estab- 
 lished fpr a Depot, (9 Miles) we passed Isle au 
 Mot, and I made a sketch of a Range of Moun- 
 tains seen from that part of the Lake. We also 
 passed the Army encamped at Cummerland head; 
 passed Valcour Island, Point au Sable, Schuylers 
 Island^nd some other small Islands called the 
 four Brothers, and in the afternoon came to an 
 anchor at Bouquet Ferry where the Elite of the 
 Army under BrigV Gen'l Frazer had taken post 
 on the Eastern shore of the Lake. This day was 
 very fine and the passage pleasant, the Lake afford- 
 ing many beautiful prospects. It is thought the 
 Lake IS wider opposite to Cummerland Bay than 
 
 to the full as wide near Schuylers Island, h^mg 
 
56 Lieut, Hadden's yournaL 
 
 there about 1 2 or 15 Miles across, and for about 
 60 Miles it does not increase or diminish con- 
 siderably except under the immediate influence 
 of an Island. 
 
 The situation of one Gentleman in a space of 
 35 Feet by 16 F and 18 Soldiers or Sailors does 
 not appear the most eligible or comfortable as 
 they cannot always be restrained nor wou'd one 
 wish it : the experience of last year taught us to 
 make several little conveniences particularly a 
 kind of seperate Tiit over the Magazine in the 
 Stern of the Boat. This space, about 6 Feet by 
 5 — was sufficient to contain a small Table & 
 your Baggage &c and cou'd be kept constantly 
 cover'd when not Rowing against the IVind, that 
 being necessary the Cover was removed and the 
 necessary Sticks remain'd bent & standing : in 
 Wet weather this was a very considerable incon- 
 venience. Soldiers meet with many and temporary 
 reliefs are all he can hope in this kind of War. 
 When at an Anchor the Men & Officer put up 
 each their cover and except one Sentry went to 
 rest. The Men put up 
 two lashed Oars at each \ / \f 
 
 end and by means of IRFW^WriSS^f 
 
 a Fifth communicating <i^B ^HlLj-^ / ^ I "^J 
 with these spread the ^^^^^=^ =- ' s k 
 Sail over them, which 
 
 proved a sufficient defence against most Rains. 
 The rest of the Fleet were now Anchor d at 
 Split Rock in sight of this Post and Six Miles 
 
Lieut. HadderCs JournaU , 57 
 
 from it. The Maria excepted, she remained to 
 bring up the Generals. 
 
 June 20th Gen'l Burgoyne came up in the 
 Maria. This day I visited a detached post of 
 the light Infantry, two Miles up the River at 
 Galinels Farm, *^ this is situate a;: the foot of a 
 small Water Fally where a great number of small 
 Salmon were caught. ¥ The River is not above 
 
 he. Galinel'g Farm isi, undoubtedly, a 
 corruption of Oilliland's farm, as 
 William Oilliland not only owned the 
 farm in question, but also a large tract 
 of land embracing that immediate section. 
 He was born in Ireland about 1734, and 
 received a liberal education at the literary 
 institution of Armagh. He was a man 
 of cultivated mind, fine person, and 
 polished manners, but the result of an 
 unfortunate love affair drove him to 
 enlist in the afmy. After his discharge 
 in 1758 he emigrated to New York 
 where he achieved mercantile success and 
 married. After the peace of 1763 he 
 bought up a number of military land 
 claims so that he became possessed of a 
 domain on and about the river Boquet, 
 having a front on Lake Cham plain of 
 mure than six miles and ranging from 
 three to four miles in the interior. There 
 he established a colony similar to that of 
 Col. Skene at Skenesborough. He was 
 a patriot in the struggle for independence, 
 and Gen. Carleton offered a reward of 
 $500 for his apprehension. He incurred 
 the enmity of Benedict Arnold who sought 
 to throw a cloud upon his patriotism, 
 but in vain, though the attempt caused 
 Gilliland no little inconvenience and 
 embarrassment. At the beginning of the 
 Revolution he was rich and prosperous, 
 but the war destroyed nis mills, houses 
 and crops, and drove him from his estates ; 
 and after the war he fell into pecuniary 
 
 8 
 
 decay, and died in Feb., 1796, in reduced 
 circumstances. His descendants still 
 survive, and some of his grandchildren 
 occupy a portion of the original estate. 
 For an interesting sketch of this enter- 
 prising pioneer the reader is referred to 
 Mr. Winslow C Watson's " Pioneer 
 History of the Champlain Valley ; being 
 An Account of the Settlement of the 
 Town of Willsborough by William Gilli- 
 land, together with his Journal and other 
 papers, and a Memoir, and Historical and 
 Illustrative Notes." 
 
 bf. " The early settlers of the valley of 
 Lake Champlain, found the streams upon 
 both sidei filled with salmon. They were 
 very large, and among the most delicate 
 and luscious of all fish. At that period 
 they were abundant and so fearless as to 
 be taken with great ease and in immense 
 quantities. A record exists of five hun- 
 dred having been killed in the Boquet in 
 one afternoon, and as late as 1823 about 
 fifteen hundred pounds of salmon were 
 taken by a single haul of a seine, near 
 Port Kendall. They have been occa- 
 sionally found within the last twenty 
 years, in some of the most rapid streams, 
 but have now totally disappeared. The 
 secluded haunts they loved, have been in- 
 vaded ; dams have impeded their wonted 
 routes ; the filth of occupied streams has 
 disturbed their cleanly habits, or the 
 clangor of steamboats and machinery has 
 
58 Lieut, HadderCs 'JournaL 
 
 150 yards wide, the Troops at this and the main 
 post of this Corps on the edge of the Lake, 
 were encamped on seperate sides of the Bouquet 
 River. I did not learn from what cause this 
 upper Post was taken, but as the mouth of this 
 River is sometimes called Bouquet Ferry possibly 
 the above Farm may have communication with 
 the Country & a Ferry across the Lake has been 
 formerly kept here. % The soil tho. sandy seems 
 fertile. It may not be improper to remark that 
 there are but very few settlements on the Lake 
 (not 20) and those only single Houses. 
 
 alarmed their rears. Each of these 
 causes is assigned as a circumstance that 
 has deprived the country of an important 
 article of food and a choice luxury." 
 [M. 2., 351] 
 
 bg. Although the topography of Bur- 
 goyne's campaign has eng.iged the atten- 
 tion of many writen and is generally so 
 well known, yet none of them make 
 any mention of the ferry, alluded to 
 in the text. The only reference to 
 it, seen by the editor, is contained 
 in " The Eliz^hethuiun Post and 
 Ga-zttte" for December 4, 1879, pub- 
 lished in Essex county. New York, for 
 a copy of which we are indebted to Wins- 
 low C. Watson, Esq Under the Wills- 
 borough news in that paper is a descrip- 
 tion of a Thanksgiving dinner given 
 at Willsboro. Point by Mrs. Solomon 
 Clark, in which this passage occurs : 
 " Old times, and new, were discussed 
 in a way to put the current historical 
 accounts of the Champlain Valley quite 
 in the shade. Experience and every day 
 life through a period of eighty years or 
 more, Airnish great variety of incident, 
 and the nanatives of the afternoon wo'd 
 
 make a volume. One story of the early 
 settlement of Willsboro* Point arrested 
 our attention, and we noted the facts 
 with a good deal of interest. As a mat- 
 ter of course exact dates were wholly 
 ignored on this free and easy occasion, 
 but it appears that at a very early period 
 a man named Wilson obtained a parent 
 of land from the Crown of England, and 
 with his family, consisting of a wife and 
 three children, came over and settled on 
 a portion of the land, a little north of 
 Flat Rock, on what has since been 
 known as the Capt. Landon farm, now 
 occupied by David Jones. The log 
 cabin stood on the old road that follows 
 the bends of the lake all the way along, 
 and being spliced by a ferry at the mouth of 
 the Bouquet, branched off toward the 
 Point, closely following the lake shore 
 on the east side. The old inhabitants 
 all remember this road, traces of which 
 are still visible." Then follows an ac- 
 count of the Wilson family as told by 
 'Grandpa Clark,' who has been as- 
 certained by Mr. Watson to be Orrin 
 Clark, and who was eighty-two years of 
 age, January 2, 1880. 
 
Lieut. Haclden's Journal. ca 
 
 Copy of Gen'l Burgoyne's Proclamation. 
 ^ By John Burgoyne Esq'r ; Lieut Gen'l of His 
 Majesties Armies in America. Col. of the Queens 
 Keg t ot Lt. Dragoons, Governor of Fort Wil- 
 ham ,n North Britain, one of the Representa- 
 «ves of the Commons of Great Britain in 
 Parliament, and Commanding an Army and 
 
 &c &c &c°^ °" ^" ^""P^"^"'"" fr""" Canada 
 
 The Forces entrusted to my command are 
 designed to act in concert, and upon a common 
 principle, with the numerous Armies and Fleets 
 which already display in every quarter of Amer- 
 ica, the power, the justice, and when properly 
 
 whfchM P^'-l^ f "^"^ '^'"S- The cause in 
 which the British Arms are thus exerted applies 
 
 to the most affecting interests of the human heart • 
 ^Zt 'h "V'fy Servants of the Crown, at first' 
 called forth for the sole purpose of restoring the 
 rights of constitution, now combine with love of 
 their Country, and duty to their Sovereign, the 
 other extensive incitements which spring from a 
 due sense of the general privileges of Mankind. 
 
 the Public, and to the breasts of suffering Thou- 
 sands in the Provinces, be the melancholy appeal 
 whether the present unnatural Rebellion has not 
 been made a foundation for the completest system 
 of Tyranny that ever God in his displeasure suf- 
 
6o Lieut, Haddens yournaL 
 
 fer'd for a time to be exercised over a froward 
 and e ibborn Generation. Arbitrary imprison- 
 ment, :onfiscation of property, persecution and 
 torture, unprecedented in the inquisitions of tlie 
 Romish Church are among the palpable enormi- 
 ties that verify the affirmative. These are in- 
 flicted, (by Assemblies & Committees who dare 
 to profess themselves friends to Liberty,) upon 
 the most quiet Subjects, without distinction 
 of age or Sex, for the sole crime, often for the 
 sole suspicion, of having adhered in principle to 
 the Government under which they were born, 
 and to which by every tye divine and human 
 they owe allegiance. To consummate these 
 shocking proceedings the profanation of Religion 
 is added to the most profligate prostitution of 
 common reason, the consciences of Men are set 
 at naught and multitudes are compelled not only 
 to bear Arms, but also to swear subjection to an 
 usurpation they abhor. Animated by these 
 considerations ; at the head of Troops in full 
 powers of health, discipline, and Valour ; deter- 
 mined to strike where necessary, and anxious to 
 spare where possible, I by these presents invite 
 and exhort all persons, in all places where the 
 progress of this Army may point — and by the 
 blessing of God I will extend it far — to main- 
 tain such a conduct as may justify me in protect- 
 ing their Lands, habitations, and Families. 
 The intention of this address is to hold forth 
 
Lteut. Hadden"! Journal. f^i 
 
 security not depredation to the Country To 
 those whom spirrit and principle may induce to 
 partake the glorious task of redeeming their 
 Coun rymen from Dungeons, and reistablishing 
 the blessings of legal Government I offer en- 
 couragement and employment ; and upon the 
 iirst intelligence of their associations I will find 
 means to assist their undertakings. The domes- 
 ^^A \ '"d"«"ous, the infirm, and even the 
 timid inhabitants I am desirous to protect pro- 
 vided they remain quietly at their Houses, that 
 they do not suffer their Cattle to be re- 
 moved, nor their Corn or forage to be secreted or 
 destroyed, that they do not break up their Bridges ■ 
 or Roads; nor by any other acts directly or in- 
 directly endeavour to obstruct the operations of 
 the Kings Troops, or supply or assist those of 
 the hnemy. 
 
 Every species of Provision brought to my 
 
 r^sTid^'cii'r ''"' '"' " ="" ^""^'^"'^ -- -^ 
 
 In consciousness of Christianity, my Royal 
 Masters clemency, and the honor of Soldiership 
 I have dwelt upon this invitation, and wished foi^ 
 more persuasive terms to give it impression ; and 
 
 \V,l PT ' '"' ^f '° '^'''^S^"^ "by consider- 
 ing their distance from the immediate situation 
 
 Indian Forces under my direction, and they 
 amount to Thousands, to overtake the harden^ 
 
62 Lieut. Hadden's Journal 
 
 Enemies of Great Britain and America, (I con- 
 sider them the same) wherever they may lurk. 
 If notwithstanding these endeavours, and sincere 
 inclinations to effect them, the phrenzy of hostility 
 shou'd remain, I trust I shall stand acquitted in 
 the Eyes of God & Men in denouncing and 
 executing the vengeance of the state against the 
 wilful outcasts. The messengers of justice & of 
 wrath await them in the Field, and devastation, 
 famine, and every concomitant horror that a 
 reluctant but indispensible prosecution of Military 
 duty must occasion, will bar the way to their 
 return. 
 
 By order of his (Signed) John Burgoyne, 
 
 Excellency the Lt. Gen'l 
 (Signed) Rob't Kingston. *^ 
 Secretary. 
 
 Camp at Bouquet Ferry June 20th, 1777. 
 
 bk. Robert Kingston entered the 
 British army as an ensign in the nth 
 Foot, Sept. 3, 1756, and was promoted 
 to a lieutenancy in the zd Battalion of 
 that regiment, Jan. 26, 1758, which 
 battalion was re-numbered, April aist oi 
 that year, as the 64th. Aug. 8, 1759, 
 he exchanged into the 1 6th, or the 
 Queen'* Regiment of Light Dragoons, 
 then commanded by Lieut. -Col. John 
 Burgoyne, with whom he served in 
 Portugal ; and April 27, 1 761, he became 
 a capuin, and July 15, 1768, a major in 
 that corps. He exchanged, in 1774. 
 with a captain on the half-pay list of the 
 1 1 2th Foot; but two year* later he re- 
 turned to active service, and, April 17, 
 
 1776, became a captain of Invalids in 
 Ireland.' The next year he accompanied 
 Burgoyne to Canada as his deputy-ad- 
 jutant-general', and he became a lieut.- 
 colonel in the army, Aug, 29, 1777.* 
 As Burgoyne's chief of staff he occupied 
 a prominent position during the cam- 
 paign, and succeeded Sir Francis Gierke, 
 who was mortally wounded at B mus' 
 Heights, Oct. 7th, as secretary of the 
 lieut. -general.^ 
 
 When Burgoyne opened the negotia- 
 tions with Gates that eventuated in a 
 surrender, Lt.-Col. Kingston was an 
 active instrumentality; and Gen. Wil- 
 kinson, in his Memoirs, atfords us some 
 interesting details of the British adjutant- 
 
Lieut, Hadderis Journal, 63 
 
 June 2 1 St The Gun Boats joined the rest of 
 the Fleet at ^plit Rock (6 miles). 23d : The 
 Fleet warpt up to Otter Creek (3 miles) on the 
 
 general. " At the hour appointed," lays 
 Wilkinson " I repaired to the advanced 
 post, accompanied by Mr. Henry Liv- 
 ingston, of the upper manor on the Hud- 
 son's river. The bridge across 'he Fish- 
 kill had been destroyed, but the sleeper* 
 remained. We did not wait many 
 minutes before the chamade was beat at 
 the advanced guard of the enemy, and an 
 officer descending the hill, stepped acroM 
 the creek on one of the sleepers of the 
 late bridge ; it was ' Major Kinpton, 
 with a message from Lieutenant-general 
 Burguyne to Major-general Gates.' I 
 named to him * Colonel Wilkinson, on 
 the part of General Gates, to receive the 
 message.' He paused a moment, pulled 
 out a paper, looked at it, and observed, 
 'My orders direct me to Major-general 
 Gates'. 'It is to save time and trouble 
 that I am authorised to receive the mes- 
 sage you bear.' He then took General 
 Gates's note to General Burgoyne from 
 his pocket, read it, and said 'General 
 Gates has agreed to receive the message, 
 and I am not authorised to deliver it to 
 any other person.' 'Well then. Sir, you 
 must submit to be hood-winked.* He 
 affected to start at the proposition, and 
 objected, on the ground of its being an 
 indignity : I could but smile at the ex- 
 pression, and observed, that ' I had under- 
 stood there was nothing more common, 
 than to blindfold military messengers, 
 when they were admitted within the 
 walls of a place, or the guards of a 
 camp.' He replied, ' Well, Sir, I will 
 submit to it, but under the express stipu- 
 lation, that no indignity is intended to 
 the British arms.' I then carefully bound 
 up his eyes with his own handkerchief; 
 he took my arm, and in this way we 
 walked upwards of a mile to headquarters. 
 Major Kingston appeared to be about 
 
 forty ; be was a well formed, ruddy, 
 handsome man, and expatiated with taste 
 and eloquence on the beautiful scenery of 
 the Hudson's river, and the charms of 
 the season : when I introduced him into 
 General Gates 'stent, and named him, the 
 gentlemen saluted each other familiarly, 
 with 'General Gates, your servant,* — 
 'Ah ! Kingston, how do you do P' and a 
 shake of the hand. Being seated a few 
 minutes, he arose and observed he had 
 certain communications to make Major- 
 general Gates from Lieutenant-general 
 Burgoyne, and tognard against inaccuracy 
 of memory, be bad committed them to 
 paper, and with permission would read 
 them. The General consented, and the 
 Major took from hb pocket and read. 
 ..." So soon as he had finished, to my 
 utter astonishment. General Gate« put 
 his hand to his side pocket, pulled out a 
 paper, and presented it to Kingston, 
 observing *Tktre, Sir, are the terms on 
 tohich General Burgtjne must surrender." 
 The Major appeared thunderstruck, but 
 read the paper, wbiUt the old chief sur- 
 veyed him attentively through his spec- 
 tacles. Having finished the perusal of 
 the propositions of General Gates, Major 
 Kingston a|.peared exceedingly mortified, 
 and said to the General,'] must beg leave 
 to decline delivering ibis paper to Lieu- 
 tenant-general Bnrgoyne, because, al- 
 though I cannot presume to speak for 
 him, I think the propositions it contains 
 cannot be submitted to.' The General 
 observed that be might be mistaken, and 
 that there could be no impropriety in 
 bis delivering them. Kingston requested 
 they might be sent by one of his own offi- 
 cers, which the General declined, and re- 
 marked, Uhat as he had brought the met- 
 uige, he ought to take batk the ansiver ; * 
 to which the Major reluctantly consented, 
 
64 Lieut. Hadden's JournaL 
 
 Western Shore of the Lake. This Creek is here 
 about 100 y*ds wide, and runs up the Country 
 more than a hundred & fifty Miles towards New 
 
 took lea*e and I agaia fiUetted him, and 
 at his requeat conducted him to our ad- 
 Tanced guard. Very difiirrent was his 
 conversation in retuining, be complained 
 of General Gates's propoaitioiu, to which 
 I was still a perfect srraager ; talked of 
 the pride and spirit of hit army, and 
 called mjr recoUection to the feats per- 
 formed by tix BritiiA rtgiwKmn at ti* 
 battle of Mimden. I Iclt A>r hb chagrin, 
 and said nothing to increase it ; and 
 having passed him bevood our guards, I 
 hastened back to hcadijaarten, filled with 
 uneasiness by the coarse which General 
 Gates had adopted. . . . 
 
 " About sun-set the same day it was 
 notified to me that a flag waited at the 
 advanced guard, aad I proceeded to re- 
 ceive it. I again met Major Kingston, 
 who presented another message from 
 Lieutenant-general Bnrgorne to Major- 
 general Gates, accompanied by the prop- 
 ositions of the latter, which had been 
 transmitted by Major Kingston, and the 
 answers of the former annexed, together 
 with the preliminary articles, proposed by 
 General Burgoyne, which were substan- 
 tially assented to by General Gates.3*' 
 
 We do not know when Lt.-Col King- 
 ston returned to England, bat June 3, 
 1779, he testified before a committee of 
 the House of Commons in regard to 
 Burgoyne's expedition.' He became the 
 lieut.-col. of the 86th Foot, Sept. 30th, of 
 that year, and was transferred to the 28th 
 Oct. 13, of the following year.' A little 
 later he was Lieot.-Go«. ot Dcmerara, 
 and when that island surrrndered to the 
 French expedition under Covnt Kysaint 
 Feb. 3, 1782, he, with the British naval 
 commander at that place, signed the 
 capitulation. Lient.-Gov. Kingston's 
 proposals for terms contained the 
 following rather singolar proposition : 
 
 " VI. The Lieut.-Gov. for himself 
 requires, that not having truops with 
 him, he may be considered in a civil 
 capacity, and at liberty tu join and do 
 duty with his Britannic Majesty's 28th 
 Regt., ot which he has the honor to be 
 Lieut. -Col." To this the following 
 answer was refjrned : '* vi. Lt.-Gov. 
 Kingston having retired himself to his 
 Britannic Majesty's squadron, firom 
 whence he has made his particular pro- 
 posals which were rejected, I cannot 
 but consider him in a military capacity, 
 jointly with the commander of the squad- 
 rjn."< 
 
 Lieut.-Col. Kingston became a colonel 
 in the army Nov. 20, 1781', but bis 
 next impoitant service was in a quasi 
 civil capacity. A bill was introduced 
 into the British parliament, and passed 
 without opposition in June, 1783, en- 
 titled " An Act appointing Commis- 
 sioners to inquire into the losses and 
 services of all such persons who have 
 suffered in their rights, properties and 
 possessions during the late unhappy dissen- 
 sions in America, in consequence of their 
 loyality to his Majesty and attachment to 
 the British Government." The com- 
 missioners named were John Wilmot, 
 M.P., Daniel Parker Coke, M.P., CoL 
 Robert Kingston, Col. Thomas Dundas, 
 and John Marsh, who, after preliminary 
 preparations, began their inquiry in the 
 first week of Oct., 1783, and proceeded 
 with short intermissions through the fol- 
 lowing winter and spring. The time 
 for presenting claims was first limited by 
 the Act to the 25th of March, 1784; 
 but, by subsequent acts, the powers of the 
 commissioners were extended, persons 
 were authorized to be sent to America to 
 procure information in regard to claims, 
 and the time for presenting claims was 
 
Lieut, HadderCs journal. 65 
 
 England.'"" Tuesday, June 24th, a large detach- 
 ment of Savages and Rangers (i. e. British Marks 
 men) were sent up Otter Creek to bring in 
 Forrage. The Fleet proceeded to Crown Point 
 (about 20 miles) where we came to an Anchor. 
 June 25th Gen'l Frazer came up with his 
 Brigade, and encamp'd at Crown Point. I re- 
 ceived a Letter from Bob dated Chatham Barracks 
 March 5th-77. Thursday June 26th Gen'ls 
 Burgoyne, Phillips & Reidesil came up with the 
 army, and we received the following order Given 
 out at Cummerland Head June i8th 1777. 
 General disposition of the Army. The advanced 
 Corps of the Army under the Command of Brig'r 
 Gen'l Frazer will be joined by the Canadian 
 Corps of Capt'ns Monin ^'i & Boucherville ^^', 
 
 extended frt m time to time until 1789, whom was a captain, and the others sub- 
 on May 15th of which year the commis- alterns. Some went on half-pay at the 
 tioners presented their twelfth and last peace of 1763, and the officer referred to 
 report; and Parliament finally disposed of in the text was probably one of these, 
 the whole matter in 1790, seven years but which one, has not been ascertained, 
 after its commencement. s Sanguiner, in his Journal, frequently 
 
 Col. Kingston became a major general speaks of an officer of this name in 
 
 Oct. 12, 1793, and his name appears in referring to Montgomery's invasion of 
 
 the Army Lists for ihc lust time in this Canada, and calls him an officer of dis- 
 
 latter year.' [' B. H. ' F. E. 77: B. tinction — " officier dt distinction.'" Ac- 
 
 N. 72. 3M. T. 299. « K. K. 333, cording to Sanguinet this officer must 
 
 SK. U. 168-170 ] have been well skilled in irregular 
 
 warfare, for he was dispatched on 
 
 hi. Otter Creek is on the eastern, and many scouts and petty expeditions. 
 
 not on the western shore. Oct. 9, 1775, McKay, referred to in 
 
 the text, and Monin, with 20 Canadian 
 
 bj. There were at least three offi- Tolunteers, were dispatched to the camp of 
 
 cers of the name of Monin, or Mo- Gen Montgomery to take some prisoners, 
 
 nins, in the 60th, or Royal American They encountered eight Americans with 
 
 Reg't of Foot, during the war that re- whom they had a skirmish [" un fctit 
 
 suited in the conquest of Canada, one of ccmbat"'] in which some of the Amer- 
 
 bi. Sec Appendix 12. 
 
66 Lieut, Haddens Journal, 
 
 Cap't Frazer's *^ detachment and a body of 
 Savages. The German Grenadiers and L't In- 
 fantry under the command of Lt Col. Brymen *^'*, 
 form a Corps of reserve, and the Regiment of 
 Reidesil's Dragoons is also out of the Line, and 
 for the present will be employed to cover head 
 
 icans were wounded, and one taken pris- 
 oner. On the 29th of the same month 
 a similar force, under the same leaders, 
 likewise pounced upon a prisoner in the 
 neighborhood of the American camp.' 
 Sir Guy Carleton wrote from Quebec 
 to Gen. Phillips, under date of Nov. 20, 
 1776, as follows: " With respect to Mr. 
 Monin you may let him knuw that he 
 and the officers who served under him 
 shall be paid in like manner according to 
 their ranks, as the officers ot the English 
 Troops. If Mr. Monin can raise a corn- 
 pleat company for the ensuing campaign 
 I shall approve of its being employed."' 
 This active partizan was undoubtedly the 
 officer of that name that accompanied 
 Burgoyne on his campaign in 1777. 
 ['K.Y., 69-75. »F. 6,270,27,.] 
 
 bl See Appendix 13. 
 
 bm. Lieut. -Colonel Heinrich Christoph 
 Breymann commanded the grenadier bat- 
 talion which formed a part of the German 
 troops sent to re-inforce Gen. Carleton in 
 the spring of 1776. He was the third 
 ranking officer among the Brunswickers ; 
 and, as in case of accident to Col. Specht 
 it was the Duke of Brunswick's orders 
 that he should assume command of 
 Specht's regiment, it is presumed that he 
 was the lieut.-colonel of the Regiment 
 Specht, detached to the command of a 
 temporary battalion of light troops. 
 Lieut.- Col. Breymann participated in 
 Burgoyne's campaign, on which he com- 
 manded the German light brigade. 
 He was ordered to the relief of Baum at 
 
 Bennington, and much adverse criticism 
 has been made upon his tardy advance 
 whereby it is asserted Baum was sacri- 
 ficed. Breymann's own report upon the 
 matter is to be found at page 256 0/ vol. 
 I. of Max Von Eelking's Memoirs, Jour- 
 nals and Letters of Majc: General Ried- 
 esel and of it Gen. Burgoy >.', under date 
 of Aug. 25, 1777, wrote to Gen. Ried- 
 esel, as follows : " I have had the honor 
 of receiving your three letters, and have 
 thoroughly considered the leport of 
 Colonel Breymann, Nothing can be 
 said against the troops in regard to 
 bravery. It is certain that the march of 
 Mr. Breymann was very slow. It would 
 have been better if he had left his artillery 
 behind to follow after him under an 
 escort, than to have delayed re-enforcing 
 the troops." After Baum's defeat Brey- 
 mann was attacked and repulied with 
 heavy loss, but managed to withdraw 
 under cover of approaching darkness, 
 himself being wounded. 
 
 In the affair at Bemus' Heights, Oct. 
 7, 1777, Bieyniann was assaulted by 
 Benedict Arnold and the former was 
 killed and the latter severely wounded. 
 Max Von Eelking, after referring to the 
 attack on Burgoyne's great redoubt, says : 
 "Another b<'dy at the same time attacked 
 the embankments of Breymann's division 
 in front and on the left flank. The 
 grenadiers comprising this corps, fought 
 bravely, but being only two hundred 
 strong, and their commander — the chiv- 
 alric Breymann — being shot dead, they 
 were compelled to retreat. This latter 
 misfortune was owing to fact tjat 
 
Lieut. Hadden's JournaL 67 
 
 Quarters. The Provincial Corps of Peters, ^^ & 
 Jessop ^^ are also out of the Line. The Recruits 
 of the 33d and other Regiments under Lieut. 
 Nutt, are for the present to serve on board the 
 Fleet. The Line upon the next movement will 
 
 the Can idian companies, belonging to the 
 reconnuitering expedition, were absent 
 from their place, by the side of this 
 corps, part of them being in the great 
 redoubt, and the others not having re- 
 turned to their position. Had they been 
 in their places, it would have been im- 
 possible to surround the left Hank of 
 Breymann." [ K. M., 26, 63, 165, 
 251, 256, 272 : K.. N., 266.] 
 
 bn. See Appendix 14. 
 
 bo. Dr. A. W. Holden, in his valua- 
 ble History of the Town of Queensbury, 
 in the state o( New Vork, thus refers 
 to the Jessup brothers, one of whom is 
 mentioned in the text, and both of whom 
 were on Burgoyne's expedition. " At 
 the outbreak of the revolution," '.v rites 
 the Doctor, "there was probably no 
 where in this vicinity a stronger tory nest 
 than that existing across the west moun- 
 tain, some ten miles distant from Queens 
 jury settlement, under the favor and 
 encouragement of the brothers, Ebenezer 
 and Edward Jessup, sharp, enterprising 
 and apparently unscrupulous business 
 men, who had, from time to time, secured 
 the grant of various patents of land not 
 only within tlie limits of the present town 
 of Luzerne, but also the extensive tracts 
 known is the Hyde township and Totten 
 and Crosstield's purchase, which em- 
 braced the greater portion of the north- 
 ern p.irt ijf Warren, as well as part of 
 Essex and Hamilton counties. It has 
 •j'readv been shown that they held title 
 to b Is in the town of Queensbury, and 
 that lumber had been sawed for them at 
 an early date at tae J^ueensbury mills. 
 
 The private accounts of Abraham Wing 
 als3 exhibit charges against them for 
 entertainment of a verv liberal and 
 generous character, at Wing's tavern. 
 Somewhere about the year 1770, Ebene- 
 zer removed to this then wilderness 
 region, and built him a spacious log 
 dwelling on the farm now occupied by 
 Thurlow Leavins, and on the brook near 
 by, erected a saw and grist mill. From 
 him, the cataract a few miles below on 
 the Hudson derived the commonly re- 
 ceived name of Jessup's falls. There, 
 until after the commencement of the 
 revolutionary war he maintained a state 
 and style of living which bespoke opu- 
 lence, taste, culture, and familiarity with 
 the elegancies and customs of the best 
 provincial society. If tradition is tOybe 
 credited, his commodious and comforta- 
 ble dwelling, however rude may have 
 been its exterior, was the frequent theatre 
 of hospitable entertainments, its rooms 
 garnished with elegant furaituie, its 
 walls embellished with costly paintings and 
 choice engravings, its capacious tables 
 arrayed in spotless linen and imported 
 covers, and loaded with massive silver 
 plate. All of this, with the many costly 
 fittings and adjuncts of such a house was 
 at a later date plundered and carried 
 away. 
 
 "Edward Jessup, whose patent included 
 and covered the site of the present vil- 
 lage of Luzerne also erected at this point 
 a dwelling and mills, the first in the 
 vicinity. The picturesque rapids and fall, 
 which has altogether a descent of eigh- 
 teen or twenty feet, hence derived the 
 name of Jessup's little falls. . . The 
 Jessup brothers owned a ferry across the 
 
68 Lieut. Hadden's journal. 
 
 encamp in order of Battle as follows, and will 
 continue the same order, (viz) — 
 
 Lef' Wing. Germans 
 
 lit Brigade zd Brigade 
 
 Reg'ts of 1 Reg'ts of ] 
 
 Rheitz .1 ( I. Prince Frederick ( 
 
 Specht .1 j and j 
 
 Reidesil 3. J ^. Hanau J 
 
 under 
 
 B. G'l Specht. Br'r Gen'l Coll. 
 
 Riglit Wing, 
 ad Brigade 
 
 Reg'ts 
 
 20th I. 
 
 21st 2. 
 
 62d ■?. 
 
 British 
 1st Brigade 
 
 fReg'ti 
 I 9th- 
 
 53d 
 
 I. 
 
 2. 
 
 B. G. Powel. 
 
 I 47th 3. 
 
 B. G. Kamilton. 
 
 If it becomes necessary to form two Lines, the 
 second Line is to be formed by the 2d Brigade 
 British doubling on the 1st, and the 2d Brigade 
 
 Hudson above the Hi^h falls, and the 
 name of Jessup's landing on the Corinth 
 side of the river is perpetuated to this 
 day." After referring to divers other 
 prominent Tory families in the same 
 vicinity, Dr. Holden proceeds as follows : 
 '* According to the tradition, in the 
 month of April or May, 1777, Indian 
 runners were despatched to these families, 
 notifying them of Burgoyne's intended 
 approach, and probably with some sug- 
 gestions in regard to their cooperation 
 with certain bands of tories gathering in 
 the lower part of the Saratoga district. 
 However this may be, notice of their in- 
 tentions was received, and a party of 
 Whigs were despa ched in pursuit, the 
 latter coming from the direction of 
 Ballston. So hot was the chase, that it 
 is said one of the Jessupsonly secured his 
 •escape by jumping across the river at 
 the Little Falls. From thence he escaped 
 across the town of J2"eenibury to Skenes- 
 borough, at the head oi Lake Champlain, 
 and eventually found his way to Bur- 
 goyne's camp at Willsborough falls. 
 After Gates had assumed command of 
 the army, he sent Lieut. Ellis with a 
 party of men to arrest the Jessups and 
 other fories in that vicinity, but finding 
 them gone he, in pursuance of orders, 
 
 destroyed the settlement, laid waste their 
 grain fields and left nothing standing of 
 their improvements but the mills. It is 
 believed that these were afterwards de- 
 stroyed. The houses had already been 
 pillaged, and everything of value carried 
 away " 
 
 Dr. Holden asserts that Ebenezer was 
 the Major Jessup that had a command in 
 Burgoyne's army, and that Edward must 
 be the one referred to as fleeing from the 
 Whig party in April or May, 1777, as at 
 that time Ebenrzer was in Canada with 
 his command. The above is, substantially, 
 all that we have iicen able to find in print 
 in regard to the Jessups, no mention of 
 them occurring in Sabine's *' Loyalists 
 of the American Revolution;" and 
 even Dr. Holden has confused the two 
 brothers somewhit. Both brothers fled 
 to Canada in 1776, and as they were 
 led by Gov. Tryon, of New York, to 
 believe that they would have important 
 commands, their presence in Canada 
 caused Sir Guy Carleton no little per- 
 plexity as shown by letters written by 
 him and others at that period, and which 
 throw light upon the movements of the 
 Jessups and the formation of provincial 
 corps in Canada. These letters tell their 
 own story so authoritatively chat they 
 
 
Lieut. Hadden's JournaL 69 
 
 of Germans doubling in the same manner on 
 their ist. Gen'l Orders. Ligonier Bay June 20th. 
 Lt. Gen'l Burgoyne takes the occasion of the 
 Army assembling to express publickly the high 
 opinion he entertains of the Troops which his 
 Majesty has been graciously pleas'd to intrust to 
 his Command, they cou'd not be selected more 
 to his satisfaction ; and the Lieut'n General trusts 
 it will be received as one mark of his attention 
 
 are given at length, and are as follows : 
 
 "Sir Guy Carleton to Mr. Jessup. 
 " Head Quarters at Quebec, 
 
 l()th No-vembcr, 1 776. 
 
 "Sir: I am commanded to acquaint 
 you that Sir Guy Carleton has received 
 your letter of the 1 5th Instant and will 
 in a few days answer it fully ; in the 
 meantime His Excellency desires you 
 will send him a list of the persons who 
 accompany you, and the particulars of 
 the information which you mention to 
 have given relative to the operations of 
 General Howe's army &c., General 
 Phillips not having transmitted them. 
 
 " I am &c. 
 " To Mr. Jetsup" 
 
 "Sir Guy Carleton to Maj. Gen. 
 Phillips. 
 
 " Head Quarters at Quebec, 
 
 *' 29M No-vemhcr, 1776. 
 
 " Sir : The plan approved by Gov. 
 Tyron as Mr. Jessop reports seems to 
 me very judicious ; it is to be wished 
 this Gentleman and his followers had re- 
 mained at their own homes till it re- 
 mained practicable ; it cannot now take 
 place before next sun.mer; in the mean- 
 time I should recommend it to them 
 to join Sir John Johnson's regi- 
 ment and enclosed is an order for Major 
 Grey to take them under his command, 
 
 to pay three of those destined by Gov. 
 Tryon to be officers as Captains, half the 
 remainder as Lieutenants, the other half 
 as Ensigns, three of the remainder as 
 Serjeants, three as Corporals, and the 
 rest as privates. 
 
 " Mr. Jessop will declare upon his 
 honour who are destined as officers and 
 rank them according to merit. Major 
 Grey will pay them at that rate from the 
 day they joined the King's forces, and 
 may either doath them as the Royal 
 Reg't of New York, or buy them tome 
 cheap uniform cloathing to keep them 
 from the severity of the weather as you 
 shall be pleased to direct. 
 
 "This is not intended to interfere with 
 any project of Mr. Tryon's to advance 
 them higher but merely as an asylum, 
 till they can do better for themselves ; 
 they will then be at liberty both men 
 and officers, if, on reflection they do not 
 think it more advisable to be incorporated 
 with that corps." 
 
 " Sir Guy Carleton to Mr. Eben. 
 Jessop. 
 
 " Head Quarters, Quebec, 
 
 " 1st December, 1776. 
 "Sir: I have it in command to ac- 
 quaint you that His Excellency, the 
 Com'd'r in Chief, has been pleased to 
 make provision for the present for your 
 party, after a manner :he particulars of 
 
70 Lieut. Haddens JournaL 
 
 to their glory and welfare, that with the 
 promise of every encouragement the Service will 
 allow, He declares a determination, and he calls 
 on every officer to assist him to maintain a steady, 
 uniform system of subordination and obedience. 
 The following standing regulations are laid down 
 to prevent the necessity of lengthening the daily 
 orders, and are to be invariably observed. 
 
 Officers of all Ranks commanding Posts, and 
 Detachments, are constantly to Fortify in the 
 
 which will be communicated to you by 
 Maj. Gen. Phillips whom you will accord- 
 ingly apply to for that purpose. 
 
 "I am likewise to signify to you that 
 Mr. Jones is to be paid as a Surgeon's 
 Mate " 
 
 •' Sir Guy Carleton to Major Grey. 
 " Heap ([Quarters, 2"^bec, 
 
 " i«t Dec.^ ^11^- 
 
 "Sir: His Excellency, the Com'd'r 
 in Chief, having made provision, the 
 particulars of which have been com- 
 municated to Maj, Gen. Phillips, for the 
 party of the inhabitants of New York 
 who have joined the King's corps under 
 the conduct of the Messrs. Jessops, I am 
 commanded to acquaint you that upon 
 the said parties joining your reg't you are 
 to receive them under your command, to 
 victual them in like manner as the troops 
 and pay them as officers, non-commis- 
 sioned officers and privates according to 
 a list which shall be delivered to you by 
 Mr. Ebenezer Jessop, approved by M.ij 
 Gen. Phillips." 
 
 " Sir Guy Carleton to Maj. Gen. 
 Phillips. 
 
 *' Head Quarters, Quebec, 
 " 1 2th Ciicember, 1 776. 
 "Sir; I have rec'd your four letteii 
 of the 7th of this month. 
 
 '-It is my intention that the Messrs. 
 Jessops should be two of the three Cap- 
 taint I have mentioned, if they chuse to 
 accept of it, as a provision for them in 
 their present situation ; if they do not 
 the number of Captains will be so much 
 the less. 
 
 " I cannot enter into Mr. Tryon's 
 designs with regard to these gentlemen, 
 nor can I form Battalions of officers upon 
 every application, especially where the 
 appearance of men for them is so little. 
 If hereafter from a concourse of people 
 to join the army I should find that it 
 may be of use for His Majesty's service 
 to form corps of them it will be time 
 enough to consider then of the proper 
 persons to set at their head, but at present 
 I cannot alter the regulations I have 
 made and tignitaed to you above and by 
 my letters of 29th Nov'r. Mr. Adams 
 I think, may be satisfied with the rank 
 and allowance of a Lieutenant.'' 
 
 "Sir Guy Carleton to Maj. Gen. 
 Phillips. 
 
 " Head Quarters, Quebec, 
 
 " 23d March, 1777. 
 *' Sir : . . I have upon several 
 occations acquainted you that neither the 
 Jessup's party nor any of the others taking 
 refuge with the army belong to the Corps 
 of Sir John Johi.ston, but are only 
 
Lieut. Hadden's JournaL Ji 
 
 best manner the circumstances of the place, and 
 the implements at hand will permit ; Felling 
 Trees with their points outwards, Barracading 
 Churches and Houses ; Brest works of earth and 
 Timber are generally to be effected in a short 
 time, and the Science of Engineering is not 
 necessary to find and apply such resources. The 
 practice of Fortifying which is very useful in all 
 
 attached to it in order to be under the 
 care of Major Gray ; the paying there- 
 fore Atherton and Smith as officers can 
 have no relation to that reg't, and I gave 
 Major Gray directions again when I was 
 in Montreal to account with them for 
 their allowance." 
 
 " Sir Guy Carleton to Maj Gen. 
 Phillips. 
 
 ''Head Quarters, Quebec, 
 "3d April, 1777. 
 
 "Sir: . . I know no such thing 
 as Jessup's Corps, mentioned by Major 
 Gray, nor did I direct that Adams' party 
 should be compelled to join Mr. Jessup's 
 and his followers ; they are at liberty to 
 follow what plan of life they please except 
 that they must be obliged to continue in 
 a fixed residence, and not move from it 
 but by permission from you or Major 
 Gray, as it is improper for many reasons 
 that they should straggle about the 
 country. I have given full directions 
 about all these people in my former 
 letters to which I must refer you." ' 
 
 By an " Abstract of Subsistence claimed 
 by the several Corps of Loyalists for the 
 Campaign 1777, under Lieut. -Gen'l 
 Burgoyne, and likewise private claims 
 for provisions furnished to his army as 
 adjudged by a Board of Officers assem- 
 bled at St. John's in February, 1781," 
 £1028 131. 8^(/., were allowed " to 
 Eben'zr Jetsup, Esq., Sub'ce for the Corpi 
 under his command." * 
 
 It is not quite easy to get at Burgoyne's 
 real opinion of the provincial corps under 
 him. In writing to Lord George Ger- 
 main from Skenesborough under date of 
 July II, 1777, when everything had 
 gone well with him, Burgoyne says : — 
 " Mr. Peters and Mr. Jessup, who came 
 over to Canada last autumn, and pro- 
 posed to raise battalions, one from the 
 neighbourhood of Albany, the other from 
 Charlotte county, are confident of success 
 as the army advances. Their battalions 
 are now in embryo, but very promising j 
 they have fought, and with spirit. Sir 
 Guy Carleton has given me blank com- 
 missions for the officers, to fill up occa- 
 sionally, and the agreement with them 
 is, that the commissions are not to be 
 so effective, till two-thirds of the bat- 
 talions are raised. Some hundreds of 
 men, a third part of them with arms, 
 have joined me since I have penetrated 
 this place, professing themselves loyalists, 
 and wishing to serve, some to the end of 
 the war, some for the campaign. Though 
 I am without instructions upon this sub- 
 ject, I have not hesitated to receive them, 
 and as fast as companies can be formed, I 
 shall post the officers till a decision can be 
 made upon the measure by my superiori. 
 I mean to employ them particularly upon 
 detachments, fur keeping the country in 
 awe, and procuring cattle, their real use 
 I expect will be great in the preservation 
 of the national troops : but the impression 
 which will be caused upon public opinion, 
 
72 Lieut, Hadderi^s Journal. 
 
 Services is particularly so in this, where the enemy 
 infinitely inferior to the Kings Troops in open 
 space, and hardy combat, is well fitted by dis- 
 position and practice, for the stratagems and en- 
 terprizes of little War ; and neither the distance 
 of Camps, nor the interference of Forrests and 
 Rivers, are to be looked upon as security against 
 his attempts; upon the same principle must be a 
 constant rule, in or near Woods to place advanced 
 
 should provincials be seen acting vigor- 
 ously in the cause of the King, will be 
 yet nnore advantageous, and, 1 trust, fully 
 justify the exp€nce."3 When reviewing 
 the evidence taken by the House of 
 Commons in 1779, after having been 
 embittered by defeat, Burgoyne says : — 
 "The Provincial Corps, of which I had 
 two in embryo, and several detached 
 parties, were yet a heavier t«x upon time 
 and patience. They were composed of 
 professed Loyalists, many of whom had 
 taken refuge in Canada the preceding 
 winter, and others had joined as we 
 advanced. The various interests which 
 intiuenced their actions rendered all 
 arrangement of them impracticable. One 
 man's views went to the profit which he 
 was to enjoy when his corps should be 
 complete; another's, to the protection of 
 the district \n which he resided ; a third 
 was wholly intent upon revenge against 
 his personal enemies ; and all of them 
 were repugnant even to an idea of 
 subordination. Hence the settlement 
 who should ict as a private man, and 
 who as an officer, or in whose corps 
 either $h(>uld be, was seldom satis- 
 factorily made among themselves ; and 
 as surely as it failed, succeeded a refer- 
 ence to the Commander in Chief, which 
 could not be put by, or delegated to 
 another hand, without dissatisfaction, 
 
 encrease of confusion, and generally a 
 loss of such services as they were really 
 fit for, -viz. searching for cattle, ascertain- 
 ing the practicability of routes, clearing 
 roads, and guiding detachments or columns 
 upon the march." 
 
 In a note he adds, — " I would not be 
 understood to infer, that none of the 
 Provincials with me were sincere in their 
 loyalty ; perhaps many were so. A few 
 were of distinguished bravery. . . I 
 only maintain that the interests and the 
 passions of the revolted Americans con- 
 center in the cause of the Congress; and 
 those of the Loyalists break and sub- 
 divide into various pursuits, with which 
 the cause of the King has little or 
 nothing to do." * 
 
 The loyalist corps that served under 
 Burgoyne, seem to have led a precarious 
 existence after their return to Canada, 
 as we find a warrant evidently antedated 
 i)uebec, July 19, 1779, issued by order 
 of Gen. Haldimand for the payment of 
 £163481. lod. ster'g, "being the allow- 
 ance made for the present relief of several 
 Corps of Royalists belonging to Gen. 
 Burgoyne's Army, and sundry other 
 persons who have taken refuge in this 
 province from the Rebellious Colonies be- 
 tween the 25th June and 24th August, 
 1779, inclusive." The "Subsistence 
 Return for Royalists commanded by 
 
Lieut. Hadden*s yournal, 73 
 
 Gentries, where they may have a Tree or some 
 other defence to prevent their being taken off 
 by single Marksmen. Together with these pre- 
 cautions, Officers will ever bear in mind, how 
 much the publick honor & their own are con- 
 cerned in maintaining a Post, and that to justify 
 a retreat, in the present War the numbers of the 
 Enemy must (be) superior to that which wou'd 
 make their justification, when acting against Brave 
 
 Capt. McAlpine," on which the above 
 warrant was issued, shows that the money 
 was for the following parties, as the 
 Return denominated them — 
 
 
 men 
 
 " Capt. Daniel McAlpine 
 
 78 
 
 Mr. Jessups 
 
 98 
 
 Mr. Peteis 
 
 61 
 
 Part of Capt'n Leake's 
 
 30 
 
 " Mr. Adams's 
 
 34 
 
 Those not attached to parties 
 
 36 
 
 337" 
 
 Of these Capt. McAlpine, Eben'zr 
 Jessup, Edward Jessup, John Peters, and 
 Justus Sherwood, the latter being in 
 Peters's party, as well as some others, 
 each received £30.5 
 
 Later on, in 1779, Gen. Haldimand 
 determined to reorganize these loyalist 
 corps, if possible, as shown by his letter 
 to Lord George Germaine, dated Quebec, 
 Nov. i»t, 1779, ^"'^ which is as follows : 
 
 "Mv Lord: I have the honor to 
 represent to your Lordship that several 
 Gentlemen amongst whom are Capt. 
 McAlpin (formerly a Capt'n in the 60th 
 Reg't), Mr. Leake (son of the late 
 Commissary General), Messrs. Peters and 
 Jessup, having in consequence of Gov. 
 Tryon's Proclamation raised corps, with 
 whom they joined Gen. Burgoyne's Army, 
 but having been by his misfortune dis- 
 
 10 
 
 persed, they took refuge in this Province, 
 with part of their men, and made appli- 
 cation to me to have their corps re-estab- 
 lished and put upon the same footing 
 with the Provincial Corps that have 
 joined the Southern Army, but the 
 difficulty I found in procuring men for 
 the Royal Emigrants, and Sir John 
 Johnson's Corps, and fearing tliat raising 
 others might interfere with their success, 
 I from time to time put them off. Find- 
 ing these Reg'ts have not benefitted by 
 my design and seeing that the Trial may 
 be made without much Expense to Gov- 
 ernment (these Gentlemen with a number 
 of other Refugees Loyalists, being indis- 
 pensably supported at the public expense) 
 and that such Curps once raised would be 
 useful, particularly as they will be re- 
 cruited upon the Frontiers of Hampshire, 
 and give an influence towards Vermont 
 and that neighb(jrhood, I have thought 
 it expedient to make the attempt and 
 shall begin with Two Battalions. 
 
 " I shall not give the officers commis- 
 sions until their men are raised, and in 
 proportion to tlieir success, I shall enlarge 
 the Flan, trusting I shall be fortunate to 
 obtain the King's approbation of what I 
 do for the best, and that I shall be 
 enabled to fulfil the expectations of these 
 Gentlemen by putting them upon the 
 footing with the other Provincials serving 
 with the Army. As soon as the Winter 
 
74 Lieut. Hadden's JournaL 
 
 and disciplined Forces ; The Officers will take all 
 proper opportunities to inculcate in the Men's 
 minds a reliance on the Bayonet; Men of their 
 bodily strength and even a Coward may be their 
 match in Firing; But the Bayonet in the hands 
 of the Valiant is irrisistable. The Enemy con- 
 vinced of this will place their whole dependence 
 in Intrenchments and Rifle Pieces ; It will be 
 our glory, and our preservation to Storm when 
 possible. 
 
 The attention of every officer in action is to 
 be employed in his Men ; to make use of-a Fusil 
 except in very extraordinary occasions of im- 
 mediate personal defence, wou'd betray an igno- 
 
 sets in I shall permit them to send out 
 people and to employ their Friends upon 
 the Frontiers in raising men and shall 
 give them every assistance in my power 
 to effect their purpose 
 
 *' I shall at the same time set about 
 raising some companies ot Canadians . . 
 and shall need arms for the purpose."* 
 
 How rapidly success attended this en- 
 terprise we do not know, save that we 
 find a list of " Officers in a Corps of 
 Royalists to be Commanded by Major 
 Edward Jessup," whose commissions bore 
 date in November, 1781, Major Jessup's 
 being dated Nov. 12th. This corps was 
 called rhe Loyal, or Royal Rangers, and 
 its list of officers likewise contains Pen- 
 sion and Invalid Lists, which latter list 
 la as follows : 
 
 "Lieut. Col. Jessup as Cap- 
 tain 17th Not., 1781 
 
 ..■n . I Gilbert Sharp as Lieut. 
 
 •• Pensioners. -{ ... ^ „ 
 
 I 23d Nov., 178 1 
 
 I Edward Jessup, Ensign, 
 
 [ 24th Nov., 1781 "' 
 
 [■ 
 
 Edward Jessup must likewise have 
 commanded a corps in 1780, as in the 
 "Return of the killed and wounded of 
 the detachment under the command of 
 Major Carleton, the nth of October, 
 1780," in the Northern Invasion of 
 New York in that year, we find re- 
 ported in "Major Jeisup's corps i private 
 wounded " ^ 
 
 Both Ebenezer and Edward Jessup 
 were included in the New York Act of 
 Attainder, all their property being con- 
 fiscated. 
 
 Ebenezer probably settled in Canada 
 at the end of the war, and Edward un- 
 doubtedly did, as, in the ^ebcc Gazette 
 for Jan. 13, 1791, in a list of civil pro- 
 motions we find the name of Edward 
 Jessup, Esq., as a Justice of the Peace for 
 the District of Montreal. [» F B. 266, 
 279, 28a, 283,298,391, 401. •?. 
 G. 94. 3 B. N. App. 20. ■♦ B. N, 
 102. 5 F. F. 150, 152, 154. * F. 
 H. 266. 'F. E. 180, 181 : F. M. 
 81. 8G.K. 136.1 
 
Lieut, Hadden's yournaU 75 
 
 ranee of his inr portance, and of his duty. No 
 occasion can make it necessary to keep the Arms 
 loaded in the Bell Tents, '''/' nor are the Battalions 
 of the Line ever to be loaded upon the March 
 'till very near the time when they may be ex- 
 pected to engage. No parties are to go from 
 Camp with or without arms without a propor- 
 tionable number of officers Not only discipline 
 and honor but also the safety of the Troops 
 require the strictest prohibition from straggling 
 and plundering, and the Savages and Provost 
 will have orders to punish offenders in these 
 respects instantly, and with the utmost rigour. 
 The Camp will always be extended as widely as 
 the ground will admit for the sake of cleanliness 
 and health, but as it must often happen that the 
 extent will be insufficient for the Line to form 
 in the front of the encampment according to the 
 present established rule of open Files^ and two 
 deep. The Quarter Master General will there- 
 fore mark at every new Camp a portion of 
 ground each Battalion is to clear, over and above 
 its own front in order to make the work equal ; to 
 clear this ground must be the immediate business 
 after arriving in Camp, and in this Country it 
 may often be necessary to have an alarm post H 
 
 bp. Bells of Arms, or Bell Tents, in front. [G. N.] 
 were a kind of tents in the ihape of 
 
 a cone, where the company's arms were hq. Alarm post, in the field, was the 
 
 lodged in the field. They were giinerally ground appointed by the quarter-master 
 
 painted with the color of the facing general for each regiment to march to, 
 
 of the regiment, and the king's arms in case of an alarm. [G. N.] 
 
76 Lieut. HaddetCs yournaL 
 
 clear'd in the Rear as well as in the Front. By 
 clearing is meant removing such obstructions as 
 might prevent the ready forming of the Troops 
 to receive, or advance upon the Enemy. It is 
 not necessary to cut the large Trees for that 
 purpose, except where they may afford shelter 
 for the Enemy. Quarter Guards ''^ are always 
 to face outwards and at the distance of a hundred 
 yards from the Bells of Arms, and to have a 
 flech^^ of earth or Timber thrown up before 
 them. When the encampment of the Line is 
 with the front to the water, and too near to admit 
 of this Regulation, the Quarter Guards are to be 
 Posted in the Rear, and of the Flank Regiments 
 occasionaly on the Flanks. Tho' the ground 
 will seldom admit of strict regularity in pitching 
 Tents they are never to be placed so as to in- 
 terfere with the Line of defence. All Deserters 
 from the Enemy, suspected Spies, or other 
 persons, piesenting themselves at the out Posts, 
 or otherwise stopp'd, are to be sent forthwith to 
 head Quarters without questioning them. In 
 all duties by Detachment the Corps will furnish 
 according to their effective strength. When the 
 
 hr. Advanced or quarter-guards are each battalion, at 222 feet before the 
 
 soldiers entrusted with the guard of a front of the regimpnt. f G. N.] 
 post, under the command of onr or more 
 
 officers. This word, quarcer-guard, also hi. Fleche, in field fortification, is a 
 
 signifies the place where the guard work of two faces, usually raised in the 
 
 mounts. It was also sometimes used to field, to cover the quarter-guards of a 
 
 d;«ignate a small guard commanded by a camp or advanced post. [G. N.] 
 subaltern officer, posted in the front of 
 
Lieut, HadderCs yournaL 77 
 
 Lieut't General visits an outpost, the men are 
 not to stand to their Arms or pay him any com- 
 pliment. The Articles of War which regard 
 the Men are to be read at the head of every 
 Regiment tomorrow evening at the Parade, and 
 afterwards these Regulations. The daily duties 
 will be as follows, One Brigadier General for the 
 day, who will visit the out posts and have a 
 general inspection over the Camp, all reports are 
 to be made thro' him, except when any alarm 
 or exigency require instant notice to the Com'r 
 in Chief. 
 
 A Major of Brigade for the day, who is to 
 parade all Guards, Detachments &c. 
 
 The Picquet when the last Brigade arrives, 
 will consist of one Field officer for each Wing, 
 
 Sub'rn Serg't Corp'l 
 
 one Captain from each Brigade, i 1 1 
 and 25 Privates from each Regiment, a Drum- 
 mer to be furnished by the Regiment that gives 
 the Captain. The whole Picquet to assemble 
 half an hour before Gun Firing at the Centre of 
 the Line, and to be exercised in marching and 
 charging Bayonets, under the inspection of the 
 Brigadier of the Day, in order that the British 
 and German Troops may acquire an uniformity 
 of pace and motion when acting together in 
 Line. Half the picquet is always to lye posted 
 during the Night at some distance from the 
 Camp and at such places as may be exposed to 
 
78 Lieut, HadderCs JournaL 
 
 the secret approach of the Enemy. It will be 
 the care of the Brigadier of the day to post them. 
 
 Finis. 
 
 Thursday June ye 26th upon the arrival of 
 the rest of the Army Gen'l Frazer's Corps moved 
 towards Tyconderoga and landing at Putnams 
 Creek, 7 miles higher up on the Western side 
 were joined by the Savages &c v/ho went up 
 Otter Creek and made this Tour under Captain 
 Frazer, nothing of consequence occurr'd during 
 their expedition. I was this day order'd on Shore 
 with Cap't Borthwick's *' Company and 4 — 6 
 
 bt. William Borthwick was connected 
 with the Royal Artillery for more than 50 
 yean. He entered the Royal Military 
 Academy at Woolwich as a gentleman 
 cadet, Feb. i, 1756, and was coromis- 
 lioned as a lieut.-fireworker in the Royal 
 Artillery, April i, 1756, a ad lieut., 
 April 2, 1757, a ist lieut., Sept. 10, 1759, 
 a capt.-lieutenant in the 4th Battalion. 
 Dec. 7, 1763, and a captain in the 3d Bat- 
 talion, Jan. 29,1773, his being No. 8 Com- 
 pany, 3d Battalion, now " D " Battery, 
 4th Brigade. He served in Canada in 
 
 1776, and on Burgoyne's expedition in 
 
 1777, on which, however, he saw little 
 service, as he with a portion of his company 
 formed part of the garrison of Ticonderoga, 
 while Burgoyne with the bulk of his army 
 moved down the Hudson. In Nov., 
 1777, after Burgoyne's surrender, the 
 garrison of Ticonderoga abandoned the 
 fort and returned to Canada, where 
 Capt. Borthwick served during the re- 
 mainder of the American war. The 
 only other notice of this officer, during 
 that war, found by us, is in an order 
 issued (com headquarters at Montreal, 
 
 Aug. 24, 1778, wherein he, with 60 
 men of the Royal Artillery, was directed to 
 march forthwith from Quebec and take 
 up quarters at Sorel. Capt. Borthwick 
 became a major in the artillery, Dec. i, 
 1782, lieut.-colonel March 16, 1791, 
 colonel Oct. 20, 1794, and colonel-com- 
 mandant Nov. 12, 1800, his successor 
 having been appointed Oct. 14, 1801. 
 He was made a major-general Jan. i, 
 1798, and a lieut. -general Jan. i, 1805. 
 He died at Greenwich, in Kent, Eng- 
 land, June 27, 1808, aged 76 years. 
 
 This officer must not be confounded 
 with another of the same name in the 
 Royal Artillery, who entered at Wool- 
 wich, as a gentleman cadet, Oct. 22, 
 1772, became a 2d lieut. in the Royal 
 Artillery March 26th, 1777,3 ist lieut , 
 Nov. II, 1779, a capt.-lieutenant March 
 24, 1791, a captain Oct. 20, 1794, a 
 major in the army, Jan. i, i798,amajor 
 in the artillery. Sept 12, 1803, a lieut.- 
 colonel in the army Sept. 25, 1803, 
 a lieut.-colonel in the artillery July 20, 
 1804, a colonel therein April 30, 1809, 
 and a major-general Jan 1,1812. This 
 
Lieut, HaddetCs Journal. 79 
 
 Pounders to join the Right Wing of the Army 
 at Crown Point. Two Medium 12 P'rs were 
 landed and Posted on the Right Flank of the 
 Army, as also Two in the Center of the Right 
 Wing. Capt. Pauch *" of the Hessian Artillery 
 was sent with his own Company and Four 6 
 Pounders to join the Germans, now encamped 
 on Windmill Point. Two Gun Boats were order *d 
 round to South Bay to secure the Right of the 
 Army and Capt. Mitchelson (R. Ar'y) *^ with 
 Ten others proceeded after Gen'l Frazer, the 
 Vessels destined for his protection being de- 
 tained at Crown Point by contrary winds. 
 
 Utter officer commanded the artillery at 
 Ciudad Rodrigo in i8i2, where he was 
 wounded, and for his services received a 
 medal. [B. H : G. U : C. Z : D. A : 
 F. E. 108.] 
 
 bu. Capt. Pausch, who commanded 
 the Hanau artillery with Burgoyne, was 
 at the battle of Bennington where he 
 lost two guns. He was included in the 
 Saratoga Convention and signed the 
 Cambridge parole. 
 
 b-v, Walter Mitchelson entered the 
 Royal Military Academy at Woolwich, as 
 a gentleman cadet, Sept. a, 1756. He 
 became a lieut. -fireworker in the itt 
 Battalion of the Royal Artillery, June 8, 
 1757 ; a id lieut., Aug. i;, 1760; a itt 
 Heut. in the id Battalion, May 13, 1764 ; 
 and a captain-lieutenant, Jan. i, 1771, 
 that being the highest rank to which he 
 attained. He was quarter-master of the 
 lit Battalion of the Royal Regiment of 
 Artillery, March 8, 1776, and so continued 
 until his death. He doubtless went to 
 Canada with the artillery detachment in 
 
 the spring of 1776; at all events he wai 
 in Canada at that time, and the next 
 year took part in Burgoyne's expedition. 
 Kane in his Artillery i^ist, says he died 
 in North America, Sept. 7, 1777. 
 Lieut. Hadden, writing in his Journal 
 under date of Sept. 17, 1777, giving the 
 artillery arrangements for the march on 
 the west side of the Hudson, states that 
 Capt. Mitchelson commanded the right 
 brigade of the Park of Artillery under 
 Capt. Carter, and gives the composition 
 of his brigade. This, however, by no 
 means proves that he was then with his 
 brigade, as the order was doubtless de- 
 termined on before, and this was the 
 propoud disposition. Though he had 
 been sick, yet if expected to join hit 
 command shortly, the order would not 
 necessarily have been changed, and had 
 he been left behind on the march sick, 
 he might have died several days before 
 the news would have reached an ad- 
 vancing column. Hii name appears for 
 the last time in the Army Lists in 1777. 
 [B. H : G. U : R. Z.] 
 
8o Lieut, Hodden's jfournaL 
 
 June 28th Gen*l Orders. Signals, 
 
 Two Guns, the whole to form in front of the 
 encampment leaving their Tents standing : Four 
 Guns, the Mens Tents, Provisions, and Ammu- 
 nition to be put in the Batteaux's, the Officers' to 
 be left in charge of a Guard and brought up 
 afterwards, the number of Batteaux's allotted in 
 this case, is, to each Battalion British 17 : to 
 each German Battalion 22 the rest are to bring 
 up the Officers* Tents and Baggage. These are 
 standing orders during the Campaign. 
 
 N. B. Each Batteaux was calculated originaly 
 to carry from 25 to 30 Men. 
 
 The following list of Intrenching Tools were 
 attached to Capt. Borthwick's & Pauche's 
 Brigades, [viz.J 
 
 Spades 
 
 No 
 80 
 
 Each Wcigbiog 
 
 6 lbs. 
 
 Total Wei(ht,lbi. 
 480 
 
 Shovels 
 
 20 
 
 8 
 
 160 
 
 Felling Axe's 
 
 50 
 
 8 
 
 400 
 
 Pick-Axe's 
 
 60 
 
 7 
 
 420 
 
 Hoes 
 
 20 
 
 7 
 
 140 
 
 Hand Bills 
 
 25 
 
 2 
 
 50 
 
 Hand Hatch'ts 
 
 25 
 
 2 
 
 50 
 
 Hand Barrows 
 
 5 
 
 18 
 
 90 
 
 Wheel Barrows 
 
 H 
 
 40 
 
 560 
 
 Sand Baggs 
 
 180 
 
 IS 
 
 150 
 
 Gen'l Orders. Any Tools that the Regiments 
 may want for clearing their Camps &c will be 
 
Lieut, Hodden's JournaL 81 
 
 deliver'd them on proper application and receipt, 
 and so soon as done with are to be returned to 
 the Artillery. 
 
 June 30th B. G'l Frazer's Brigade moved 
 forward, and disembarked on a point of Land on 
 the Western Shore Three Miles from Tycon- 
 deroga from which circumstance 'tis called Three 
 Mile Point, The Army Received Provisions to 
 the 8th July inclusive. 
 
 G. O. The Army embarks tomorrow, to ap- 
 proach the Enemy. We are to contend for the 
 King, and the constitution of Great Britain, to 
 vindicate Law, and to relieve the oppressed — a 
 cause in which his Majesty's Troops and those of 
 the Princes his Allies, will feel equal excitement. 
 The Services required of this particular expedition, 
 are critical and conspicuous. During our progress 
 occasions may occur, in which, nor difficulty, 
 nor labour nor Life, are to be regarded. This 
 Army must not Retreat. The General ^^ to beat 
 tomorrow in place of the Revalley at the dawn 
 
 bv). Major James, in his Military Tat-ito or laf-too, to order all to retire 
 
 Dictiunary, in speaking of the drum calls to their quarters. 
 
 during the period of our Revolutionary The rexftil/i, always beats at break of 
 
 war, says ; day, and is to warn the soldiers to rite, 
 
 " The various beats are as follows, and the sentinels to forbear challenging, 
 
 viz. : and to give leave to come out of quarters. 
 
 Tie general, is to give notice to the To arms, for soldiers who arc dispersed, 
 
 troops that they are to march. to repair to them. 
 
 to order the troops to Tie retreat, a signal to draw off from 
 
 Tie attembly, repair to the place of the enemy. It likewise means a beat in 
 
 The irMf, rendezvous, or to their both camp and garrison a little before 
 
 J colors. tun-set, at which time the gates are shut, 
 
 The march, to command them to move, and the soldiers repair to their barracks, 
 
 always with the left foot first. The alarm, is to give notice of sudden 
 
 II 
 
82 Lieut, HadderCs jfournaL 
 
 of Day, the Assembly to beat an hour afterwards 
 at which time the whole will embark. A Field 
 Officer with loo British, and loo Germans to 
 remain at Chimney Point to take charge of the 
 provisions & Stores at that place. The Wings 
 are to take up their new encampment in Two 
 Lines. So soon as the Regiments are encamp'd 
 a working party of 20 Men and a Subaltern from 
 each will parade in front of their respective 
 Regiments. 
 
 Tuesday. July \st This day the Army em- 
 barked, the weather being fine and the River, in 
 general about a Mile wide between Crown 
 Point and Tyconderoga, was in a manner cover'd 
 with Boats or Batteaux's ; some of the Armed 
 Vessels accompanied us, the Music and Drums 
 of the different Regiments were continually 
 playing and contributed to make the Scene and 
 passage extremely pleasant. The British Troops 
 disembarked on the Eastern or Tyconderoga *« 
 side about Four Miles Short of it; and the 
 Germans on the Western or Mount Indepen- 
 dence side. Except Col. Brymen's Corps attached 
 to Geni Frazer as a reserve, and Reidesil's 
 Dragoons to cover Head Quarters remained with 
 the British Troops. 
 
 danger, that all may be in readineii for bx. This is an error. Ticonderoga 
 
 immediate duty. is on the west side, and Lieut. Hadden's 
 
 The farley, 1 is a signal to demand map so delineates it, and Mount Inde- 
 
 > some conference with pendence is on the east side of Lake 
 
 TAe ihamade, ) the enemy." Champlain. 
 

 

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Lieut, Haciden's Journal, 83 
 
 Position of the Army. Gen'l Frazier con- 
 tinued in his post at Three Mile Point. The 
 British and Germans encamped on the opposite 
 shores about i J or 2 Miles below. The Troops 
 were employed in clearing the Front of their 
 encampments and cutting Roads of communica- 
 tion between the different Brigades. 
 
 July 2d Maj'r Gen'l Phillips, taking command 
 of Brig'r Gen'l Frazers Corps, and one British 
 Brigade advanced to a Hill called Mount Hope 
 about 1400 y'ds from the Enemies Works, and 
 gained possession of it without opposition. 
 Owing to a mistake I was all last Night em- 
 ployed in Landing the Guns & Stores. One of 
 the men stumbled over the small stumps in the 
 new clcar'd Road & broke three of his Ribs : I 
 remark this to shew the necessity of cutting the 
 small Bushes very close to the ground where 
 men are to pass and repass in the Night time. 
 
 July 2nd The Savages getting drunk advanced 
 too near the Enemies Lines, in the Evening. 
 This folly terminated in an Officer being sent 
 to bring them off, in doing which he was 
 wounded : *y One Savage Killed & another 
 Wounded. 
 
 July 3rd The L't Artillery of the Brigades 
 advanced and join'd them at Mount Hope, In 
 
 by. The officer wounded July ad, re- ton, 53d regiment. [G. X. 174.] 
 ferred to in the text, was Lieut. Haugh- 
 
84 Lieut, HadderCs Journal, 
 
 doing which the Enemy fired on us from their 
 Batteries, (thro, openings in the Woods on the 
 Road) and one Man was Killed : They also Bred 
 upon our new encampment which was on that 
 account retired a little. 
 
 July 4th The Artificers were employed in 
 repairing the Bridge at the Saw Mills burnt by 
 the Enemy, and making a Road to the top of a 
 high Mountain called Sugar Loaf HiU. This 
 height commands both Mount Independence^ and 
 Tyconderoga — The former at the distance of 1600 
 Yards, and the latter at 1400. 
 
 July 5th Two Medium 12 Pounders were 
 landed and taken up Sugar Loaf Hilly and a 
 working party of 400 Men, order'd from the 
 Right Wing in order to erect a Battery the next 
 evening. About the middle of this day, two of 
 our Gun Boats were order'd to proceed towards 
 the Enemies Works 'till fired upon, in order to 
 form a judgement of the number of Guns bearing 
 on the Water. It was found impracticable to 
 force their Boom with our Shipping. B. Gen'i 
 Hamilton's Brigade moved to Three Mile Point, 
 and it was determined for the Germans to move 
 across the Creeii in their Front and cut oflF a 
 retreat towards Huberton, as also to prevent any 
 supplies being thrown in from that Quarter. 
 During this night the Rebels about 3 or 4 
 Thousand in number abandon'd their Works at 
 
Lieut. HadderCs Journal, 85 
 
 Tyconderoga and Mount Independence leaving 
 behind them all the Guns, Stores, and Provisions, 
 except 300 Barrels of Powder on board one of 
 their Vessels ; a large Detachment of them pro- 
 ceeded towards Huberton and the rest embarking 
 on board their Vessels, and Batteaux's proceeded 
 towards Skeensborough. 
 
 July 6th At daybreak this Morning the 
 retreat of the Enemy was discover'd, and B. 
 Gen'l Frazer, with about 8 or 900 of his own 
 Corps (leaving the rest with the Tents Batteaux's 
 &c &c) pursued them towards Huberton, leaving 
 his Artillery which the Road was not capable of 
 receiving. 
 
 About 8 o'clock in the morning the Fleet 
 being in readiness, and the Troops embarked, 
 proceeded (thro, a passage between the Piles in 
 the Enemies Boom) towards Skeensborough. 
 
 About 2 o'clock, B. G'l Frazer came up with 
 the party he pursued, who having been joined 
 by some reinforcements intended for the Garri- 
 son, considerably out number'd him, and the 
 affair was at least doubtful the Enemy having 
 nearly turned his Flank, when a Detachment 
 under Maj'r Gen'l Reidesil (The Chasseurs & 
 Jagers) sent as a support very fortunately came up, 
 and checking this attempt of the Enemy they 
 immediately gave way on all sides. Col. Francis *« 
 
 h». Ebeaezer Francit came from «n ren of Ebenezer Francii, by bit wife« 
 old Musachutettt family. He wj* the Rachel Whitmore, the widow of Ebene- 
 eldest ton and the fifth of the nine child- cer Tuftt ; and wai born in Medford, 
 
86 Lieut, Hadden's JournaL 
 
 who commanded with 200 others were killed, 
 about as many wounded and taken Prisoners. 
 This Detachment being fatigued and having their 
 wounded to take care of, who were dispersed in 
 the Woods, took post here, and no farther 
 pursuit was attempted by that Route. The 
 
 Dec. xz, 1743' He lived in Medford 
 4«riiif bu minority and wai very diii- 
 geat ia tlh; pars'iir of knowledge. He 
 ■M>Tcd to Beverly, and, in 1766 married 
 Ja4ith Wor^L by wbom he had one son 
 aad fear daughters. He was com- 
 as captain July I, 1775; ^^^ 
 : colonel of a regiment raised for the 
 dcfeace of Boston July 28, 1776; and 
 was stationed on Dorchester Heights 
 ■nnl December of that year.' The Con- 
 dneatal Congress on Sept. 16, 1776, 
 aotborueed the raising of 88 battalions to 
 aerre during the war, 1 5 of which were 
 wsignird to Massachusetts, and Col. 
 Frauds was appointed to one of them.' 
 Each state appointed the officers for its 
 own quota, and Col. Francis's letter to 
 Jamci Bowdoin, in acknowledgment of 
 bk appointment, will give us a little 
 gi'wp*^ of the man. 
 
 " Dorchester, 
 ** November ye 28M, 1776 
 
 ** Hoiiooi:ABLC SiR : Permit me to 
 l e ^ii e st of you the favour of returning 
 the honourable Board my most hearty 
 tkanki fur the honour done me in ap- 
 foissting me Colonel of one of the new 
 icgjments now raising for the defence of 
 these States. It will ever be my greatest 
 flofidtade to honor the station in which 
 dbejr ate pleased to place me, and hope I 
 ■laj be to happy as to do real service to 
 my coantry. 
 
 ** I have the honour to be, with great 
 atrrm, your most humble servant 
 
 "Ebkn'r Francis. 
 •• T» the Hmeurable the Pretident of the 
 Council Board 3'* 
 
 The nth Massachusetts, under Col. 
 Francis, proceeded to Ticond^roga, in 
 Jan., 1777, and when that fort was 
 evacuated the following July upon the 
 approach of the British under Burgoyne, 
 Col. Francis, with his regiment, formed 
 a part of the rear ^uard under Col. Seth 
 Warner, and was killed at the battle of 
 Hubbardton, July 7, 1777. His chap- 
 lain says " No officer so noticed for his 
 military accomplishments and regular life 
 as he was. His conduct in the field is 
 spoken of in the highest terms of praise."' 
 The British Ensign Anburey, who 
 participated in the action, gives us some 
 interesting items in regard to Col. Fran- 
 cis. " After the action was over," says, 
 Anburey, *< and all firing had ceased for 
 near two hours, upon the summit of the 
 mountain I have already described, which 
 had no ground any where that could 
 command it, a number of officers were 
 collected to read the papers taken out 
 of the pocket book of Colonel Francis, 
 when Captain Shrimpton, of the 6ad 
 regiment, who had the papers in his 
 hand, jumped up and frll, exclaiming, 
 'he was severely wounded* ; we all heard 
 the ball whiz by us, and turning to the 
 place from whence the report came, saw 
 the smoke : as there was every reason to 
 imagine the piece was fired from some 
 tree, a party of men were instantly de- 
 tached, but could find no person, the 
 fellow, no ajubt, as soon as he had fired, 
 had slipt down and made his escape."'* 
 
 The same officer, when a piisoner 
 in New England, under date o( May 10, 
 1778, relates this interesting incident. — 
 
Lieut, H add en's Journal, 87 
 
 Troops British and German behaved well on this 
 occasion, unfortunately we gained nothing but 
 honor, and the immediate movements of the 
 Army were incumber'd or rather prevented, it 
 being absolutely necessary to detain this Detach- 
 
 " A few days lince, walking out with 
 tome officers, we stopped at a house to 
 purchase vegetables, whilst the other offi- 
 cers were bargaining with the woman of 
 the house, I observed an elderly woman 
 sitting by the fire, who was continually 
 eyeing us, and every now and then 
 shedding a tear. Just as we were quit- 
 ting the house she got up, and bursting 
 into tears, said, 'Gentlemen, will you let 
 a poor distracted woman speak a word to 
 you before you go ?' We. as you must 
 naturally imagine, were all astonished, 
 and upon enquiring what she wanted, 
 with the most poignant grief and sobbing 
 as if her heart was on thi- point of break- 
 ing, asked if any of us knew her son, 
 who was killed at the battle of Huber- 
 ton, a Colonel Francis. Several of us 
 informed her, that we had seen him 
 after he was dead. She then enquired 
 about his pocket-book, and if any of his 
 papers were sate, as some related to his 
 estates, and if a.iy of the soldiers had got 
 his watch ; if she could but obtain 
 that in remembrance of her dear, dear, 
 son, she should be happy. Captain Fer- 
 guson, of uur regiment, who was of the 
 party, told her, as to the Colonel's papers 
 and pocket-book, he was fearful they 
 were either lost or destroyed ; but pulling 
 a watch from his fob, said, * There good 
 woman, if that can make you happy, 
 take it, and dGo bless you.' We were 
 all much surprized, as unacquainted, as 
 he had made a purchase of it from a 
 drum-boy. On seeing it, it is impossible 
 to describe the joy and grief that was 
 depicted in her countenance ; I never in 
 all my lifi;, beheld such a strength of 
 pauion ; she kissed it, looked unuttera- 
 
 ble gratitude at Captain Ferguson, then 
 kissed it again ; her feelings were inex- 
 pressible, she knew not how to express or 
 shew them ; she would repay bis kind- 
 ness by kindness, but could only sob her 
 thanks ; our feelings were lifted up to an 
 inexpressible height ; we promised to 
 search after the papers, and I believe, at 
 that moment, could have hazarded life 
 itself to procure them."s This watch i* 
 now in the possession of the Massachu- 
 setts Historical Society, to whom it was 
 presented by two of Col. Francis's 
 grand-daughters. 
 
 But one opinion was entertained of Col. 
 Francis by friend or foe, and that is well 
 expressed by one who fought against him 
 in the battle that ended his life. An. 
 burey fitly sums up Col. Francis's char, 
 racter, when he says, — " thi*t brave 
 officer. Col. Francis, whose ieath, though 
 an enemy, will ever be regretted by those 
 who can feel for the loss of a gallant and 
 brave man."* Three of Col. Francis's 
 brothers were officers during the Revolu- 
 tionary war •'nd served with much 
 credit.* The k. jlonel's only son, Ebene- 
 zer Francis, died in Boston, Sept. zi 
 1858, in the 83d year of his age. He 
 left a fortune estimated at between three 
 and four millions of dollars, which he 
 had made himself; and he Ailed some of 
 the most honorable positions in the 
 commonwealth. His descendants still 
 survive, and are among the most respect- 
 able and influential people in Massa- 
 chu$etts.7 f'B. I. 194-196. 513. *l 
 L. 187. 3K. 900. ■•O. 331. sp. 208- 
 10. H). 336. 71. J. 88: F. U. U. 
 347] 
 
88 Lieut, H add en's Journal, 
 
 ment as a cover for the Wounded, till they cou'd 
 be removed to Tyconderoga & this from many 
 difficulties was not effected for some days, in 
 which time the Enemy recover'd from their 
 panic ; this wou'd not have been the case had 
 they been pursued towards Fort Edward by the 
 way of Skeensborough, the Route of the Army 
 pointing that way, whatever ground we drove 
 them from, was gained, and in place of retiring 
 such Detachments the Army wou'd necessarily 
 have moved forward to them. Our loss in ye 
 above Affair was 17 Officers t" and 109 Rank & 
 File Killed or Wounded. As a proof of what 
 may be done against Beaten Battalions while 
 their fears are strong upon them, an Officer and 
 15 Men detached for the purpose of bringing in 
 Cattle lell in with 70 Rebels, affecting to have 
 the rest of his party concealed and assuring them 
 they were surrounded, they surrender'd their 
 Arms and were brought in Prisoners. ^'^ 
 
 About 4 o'clock in the afternoon Some of our 
 Gun Boats came up with the Enemies Vessels 
 
 ca. The casualty list of British 
 officers at Hubbardton was as follows : 
 
 Killed. 
 
 
 Major Grant, 
 
 a4th Reg't. 
 
 Lieut. Douglas, 
 
 a9th " 
 
 " Haggart, 
 
 Marines. 
 
 Wounded. 
 
 
 Light Infantry 
 
 . 
 
 Major Lord Balcarres, 
 
 53d Reg't. 
 
 Capt. Harris, 
 
 34th " 
 
 " Craig, 
 
 47th " 
 
 Lieut. Cullen, 
 
 53d " 
 
 " Jones, 
 
 6ad •• 
 
 Grenadi 
 
 ers. 
 
 
 Capt. Stapleton, died 
 
 of 
 
 his 
 
 wounds, 
 
 
 9th •' 
 
 Major Acland, 
 
 
 aoth «« 
 
 Capt. Ross, 
 
 
 34tb " 
 
 " Shrimpton, 
 
 
 61.1 " 
 
 Lieut. Rowe, 
 
 
 9th «• 
 
 " Steele, 
 
 
 a9th «• 
 
 " Richardson, 
 
 
 34th «« 
 
 Volunteer Lindsay. 
 
 
 
 Only 16 names &re 
 
 given in the lilt. 
 
 [G. X. 1 74-] 
 
 
 
 th. See Appendix 
 
 IS- 
 
 
Lieut, HadderCs Journal, 
 
 89 
 
 near Skeensborough 36 Miles from Tyconderoga, 
 a smart Action ensued for half an hour when the 
 rest of our Fleet appearing in sight, the Enemy 
 abandon'd their Vessels, Five in Number, and 
 one Skow with an Iron Howitzer, thus ended 
 their irrisistable Naval Armament Built last year. 
 Our loss was One Artillery Officer Killed, and a 
 Volunteer Wounded. <^<' The Fleet came up to 
 Skeensborough notwithstanding the commu- 
 nication is so narrow in some places that the 
 Ships Yards almost touched the Precipices which 
 over hung them ; The Enemy might have done 
 great execution by leaving a Detachment on the 
 shore to harrass them, and this Party cou'd have 
 retired and concealed themselves from any force 
 landed against them. 
 
 July 7th Lt. Col. Hill <^<^ was detached with 
 the 9th Reg't to Fort Anne, 14 Miles, on the 
 Road to Fort Edward and the same distance 
 from it. 
 
 cc. The British officers killed at 
 Skenesbornugh, were Second Lieut. 
 Clelland, Royal Artillery, aiul Volunteer 
 Sutton. [G. X. 174] 
 
 cd. Three John Hills appear in the 
 British Army Lists at the same time. 
 The first entered the army as an ensign 
 in the ist Foot, or the Royals, March 
 24, 1746-7 , became a lieutenant April 
 9, 1756; a captain Sept. 3, 1766; and 
 major July i, 1774; his name appearing 
 for the last time in the Army List of 1776. 
 Another John Hill appears as a lieu- 
 
 12 
 
 tenant in the 19th Foot Sept. 4, 1756, 
 and drops out of the Army Lists in 
 1758. 
 
 The John Hill referred to in the text 
 wjs first commissioned, so far as we can 
 ascertain, as a lieutenant in the 24th 
 Foot March 15, 1747-8. He became 
 the adjutant of his regiment Aug. 25, 
 1756, and capt.-lieutenant of it March 
 9, 1757- He was promoted to a 
 captaincy in the 13th Foot Dec. I, 1758, 
 and to the majority Oct. 10, 1765. Hit 
 regiment was stationed at Gibraltar from 
 '759 t*> '7^3i *ndat Minorca from 1770 
 
9© Lieut, Hadderi's JournaL 
 
 July 8th The Gun Boats returned to Tycon- 
 deroga, and thence proceeded up the Creek 
 towards Lake George as far as the Bridge at the 
 Saw Mills. The Brigade of Artillery attached 
 to the Advanced Corps, only, remained with the 
 Aimy to wait its return, it being determined for 
 the rest to proceed across Lake George. 
 
 Wednesday July 9th We began disembarking 
 Guns & Stores from the Gun Boats at the Bridge 
 in Saw Mill Creek. 
 
 July loth Capt Borthwick's Company moved 
 to the other end of the Portage at the entrance 
 
 to 1775, inclusive. He became a lieut.- 
 colonel in the army Sept. ii, 1775, and 
 the lieut.-colonel of the 9th Foot Nov. 
 10, of the same year.' This regiment 
 formed part of the re inforcements to Sir 
 Ouy Carleton, and arrived in Canada in 
 the spring of 1776. The following year 
 it shared in Burgoyne's disastrous cam- 
 paign. When the Americans evacuated 
 'Ticonderoga, llurgoyne, with the gunboats, 
 pursued by water to Skenesborough ; 
 "Gen. Fraser with the light troops followed 
 by Gen. Riedesel, pursued by way of 
 Hubbardton; and Col. Hill, with the 
 9th, was dispatched in the direction of 
 Fort Anne in pursuit of Col. Long, who, 
 with his regiment and the invalids, had 
 retreated in that direction. The Ameri- 
 <:ans ascertaining the weakness of Col. 
 Hill's force boldly attacked him, and he 
 was hard pressed and beaten back; 
 though the British phrase it, in Bur- 
 goyne's language, as follows : — "Lieut.- 
 Col. Hill found it necessary to change his 
 position in the heat of action."' The 
 American Gen. Wilkinson, in hit 
 Memoirs, says, Lieut. -Col. Hill " was 
 obliged to retreat, and Col. Long, for 
 want of ammunition, could not pursue 
 
 him."s Sergeant Lamb of the 9th, 
 who took part in the affair, says that 
 Capt. Money's sounding the Indian war 
 whoop threw the Americans into con- 
 sternation just as the British ammunition 
 was failing ; and he would have us infer 
 that the Americans withdrew, and not 
 the British, as he says, "after the 
 Americans had retreated we formed on 
 the hill."4 Lieut.- Cul. Hill served 
 through Burgoyne's campaign, and was 
 included in the Saratoga Convention, his 
 name being signed to the Cambridge 
 Parole. He saved the colors of the 9th 
 Regiment by secreting them in his pri- 
 vate baggage ; as private baggage was, 
 by the terms of the convention, secured 
 to its owners, the colors were not dis- 
 covered by the Americans, and on his 
 return to England Lieut.-Col. Hill pre- 
 sented them to the king, who rewarded 
 services of such questionable merit by 
 appointing Hill as one of his aids.S Hill's 
 last promotion seems to have been as 
 colonel in the army May 16, 1781; 
 and his name appears for the last time in 
 the Army Lists in 1783.' ['B, H. »B. 
 N. App. 19. 3M. T.I 90. «0. V. 
 141, tt pott. *G. C. 31.] 
 
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 v.. 
 
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 ^^cM^ 
 
 
 
 

 *TS^«-il«»- ■*.*«», . 
 
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 ■•:a- 
 
 «5i 
 
 I 
 
Lieut, Hodden's jfournal. gi 
 
 of Lake George, carrying with us all the Artillery 
 then landed. 
 
 Gen'l Orders Skeensborough House July i ith. 
 
 On the 6th July The Rebels were dislodged 
 from Tyconderoga by the mere continuance and 
 activity of the Army, and on the same day driven 
 beyond Skeensborough on the Right — to Huber- 
 ton on the left with the loss of all their Artillery ; 
 five of their Armed Vessels taken or blown up, 
 by the spirrit'd conduct of Capt Carter ^« of the 
 
 ce. John Carter entered the Royal 
 Military Academy at Woolwich, as a 
 gentleman cadet, Feb. 1 8, 175a. He 
 became a lieut. -fireworker in the Royal 
 Artillery, March I,i755j a zd lieut., 
 April I, 1756 J a ist lieut., April 2, 
 1757; a capt. -lieut.. Jan. i, 1759; and 
 a captain, Dec. 7, 1763;' and for five 
 years after getting a company, his was 
 No. 7 Company, ist Battalion, now "4 " 
 Battery, 5th Brigade.^ After the peace 
 of 1763 he was, for a time, stationed at 
 the regimental headquarters at Wool- 
 wich. ^ He was in Canada in the spring 
 of 1776, when he helped to drive the 
 Americans out of that province. Next 
 to Major Williams he was the oldest 
 artillery captain on Burgoyne's expedition.^ 
 He had command of the gun boat.i an 
 the pursuit of the Americans toSkcjc- 
 borough after the evacuation of Ticon- 
 deroga, and he succeeded in destroying 
 five of their armed vessels, with all their 
 baggage and a large amount of ammuni- 
 tion. 5 August 4, 1777, Gen. Phillips 
 appointed him commissary of horses to 
 the Royal Artilleiy; and, when the 
 army approached the American force on 
 the west bank of the Hudson, he com- 
 manded the park of artillery.*^ He was 
 included in Burgoyne's capitulation, and 
 
 his name is attached to the Cambridge 
 Parole. Capt. Carter became a major in 
 the army, Aug. 29, 1777*; and when 
 a part of the Convention troops were 
 moved from Cambridge to Rutland he 
 was the senior officer of the Rutland 
 troops. 7 Anburey, in his travels, refers 
 to the * humanity of Major Carter ' while 
 at Rutland in interesting himself very 
 warmly in behalf of three British officers 
 .who had resented an American ' insult ' 
 with blows, and thereby got themselves 
 confined in the guard house. Major 
 Carter " frequently remonstrated with the 
 C'^iiimanding Officer of the guard, at the 
 cruelty and injustice of their conduct 
 towa: Is them, but not being able to ob- 
 r.ain redress, demanded a pass to send an 
 officer to Cambridge, in order to repre- 
 sent the affair, through General Phillips, 
 to the Commandmg Officer at Boston. 
 Major Carter then informed these Gentle- 
 men, that as he thought it necessary for 
 the good of the troops in general, to make 
 their treatment a public concern, it was 
 hii orders they should wait the result of 
 General Phillips's interference with the 
 American General, and not act for them- 
 selves in the business on any account." 
 After three days Major Carter received » 
 reply from Gen. Phillips, " which re- 
 
92 Lieut. HaadetCs ^Journal, 
 
 Artillery with a part of his Brigade of Gun 
 Boats, a very great quantity of Ammunition, 
 Provisions, and Stores of all sorts and the greatest 
 part of their Baggage fell into our hands. On 
 the yth B. Gen'l Frazer at the head of a little 
 more than half the advanced Corps without 
 Artillery (which with the utmost endeavours it 
 was impossible to get up) came up with near 
 two Thousand of the Enemy strongly posted 
 attacked 6c defeated them with the loss on the 
 Enemies part of many of their principal Officers 
 Two hundred Men Killed on the spot a much 
 larger number wounded and about 200 made 
 Prisoners. Major Gen'l Reidesil with his ad- 
 vanced Guard consisting of the Chasseur Com- 
 pany and Eighty Grenadiers arrived in time to 
 sustain B. G'l Frazer and by his judicious orders 
 and spirrited execution of them obtained a share 
 for himself and his Troops in the glory of the 
 Action. On the 8th Lt. Col. Hill at the head 
 of the 9th Regiment was attacked at Fort Anne 
 
 probated in the strongest terms, the im- General^ than they had the justice of the 
 
 prudence aX thuce gentlemen, in paying Americans."' Major Carter died in Amer- 
 
 attention to the insolence or abuse of the ica, March 17, 1779', and though his 
 
 people of the country, the General ob- name disappears from the Royal Artillery 
 
 serring 'that they should listen to the after the Army List of 1779, it is carried 
 
 abase oi the Americans, as to the mere on the list of majors in the army till 
 
 cackling of gttte \* and concluded with 1782. Burgoyne's Orderly Book is 
 
 saying, ' He should not concern himself in error in saying "he reached the rank 
 
 with a boxing matck.' " Consequently of Lieutenant-Colonel in the Army in 
 
 the incarcerated officers had to employ 1783, when his name is dropped," as his 
 
 a lawyer on ' exhorbitant terms * " to highest regimental rank was that of 
 
 relieve themselves from the horrors of a captain, and his highest army rank that 
 
 <langcon, on quitting which, it was their of major.' ['O. U. 'B. H. 30. Z. 
 
 observation, that they had little more 176. ^C. Z. 244. SL. £. 324: B. 
 
 to txtal ti* Aumaaitj of that ov/n N. 97. 'E. Z. ??. 238, «f ^tr.j 
 
Lieut, Hadden's yournai, 93 
 
 by more than six times his number «/ and repulsed 
 the Enemy with great loss after a continued fire 
 of Three Hours. In consequence of this action 
 Fort Anne was burnt and abandon'd and a part 
 of this Army is in possession of the Country on the 
 other side. These rapid successes after exciting 
 a proper sense of what we owe to God, entitles 
 the Troops in general to the warmest praise and 
 in a particular manner distinction is due to B. 
 Gen'l Frazer who by his conduct & Bravery 
 supported by the same qualities in the Officers 
 and Soldiers under his command, effected an ex- 
 ploit of material service to the King and signal 
 honor to the profession of Arms : This Corps 
 have the further merit of having supported 
 fatigue & bad weather without bread and without 
 murmur. Divine Service to be performed on 
 Sunday morning next, and a Feu de joye in the 
 Evening, at the head of the Line, the advanced 
 Corps, Tyconderoga, Crown Point, the Camp at 
 Castleton and the post of Brymens Corps. These 
 orders will be read to every Battalion. 
 
 July 1 2th, Brig. Gen'l Frazer and the Corps 
 detached at Castleton &c joined the Army at 
 Skeensborough. One German and one British 
 Regiment were left in Garrison at Mount Inde- 
 
 cf. Hadden has greatly magnified the rank and file on itt casualty list, it 
 
 the number of the Americans at Fort had one officer killed, and four wounded ; 
 
 Ann. Had not their ammunition given one of the latter, Capt. Montgomery, 
 
 out, the British 9th regiment would have being likewise taken prisoner, 
 had a sorry time of it. As it was, besides 
 
94- Lieut. HadderCs Journal, 
 
 pendcnce and Tyconderoga : Governor Skccnc <y 
 was appointed to act as Commissioner and to ad- 
 minister the Oaths of Allegiance, and grant cer- 
 tificates to such inhabitants as sue properly for the 
 same, and regulate all other matters relative to 
 the supplies and assistances required from the 
 Country or voluntarily brought in. It was deter- 
 mined by Gen'l Burgoyne that all the provisions, 
 and Stores, Artillery &c (except one Lt. Brigade) 
 shou'd be passed over Lake George to the Right, 
 under the escort of one Reg'mt and the Coros of 
 Royal Artillery ; as the Enetny had Vessels on 
 this Lake a sufficient number of the Gun Boats 
 were kept armed and clear for Action, the rest 
 were loaded with Stores and Provisions. The 
 Army was to pass by Fort Anne carrying with 
 them, thro. Wood Creek as many Batteaux's 
 as wou'd be necessary to Transport their Provis- 
 ions down the Hudsons River, After the 
 Action at or near Fort Anne^ the 9th Regiment 
 were withdrawn and joining the Army at Skecns- 
 borough, no other Detachment was sent out, 
 and the Enemy tho. not victorious were the 
 real gainers by this affair, the advantage they 
 made of it, was to Fell large Tree's across IVood 
 Creek^ and the Road leading by the side of it to 
 Fort Anne. The clearing of which cost the Army 
 much labour and time, and gave the enemy spir- 
 rits & leisure to wait those reinforcements which 
 
 eg. See Appendix i6. 
 
Lieut, HadderCs 'JournaU 95 
 
 enabled them to retire deliberately, always keep- 
 ing near enough to prevent our sending out 
 small Detachments : a large Corps advanced to 
 Fort Anne (in place of the 9th Reg't) wou'd 
 have encreased the Enemies Fears and prevented 
 these delays. The proper Corps for this purpose 
 had taken another Route, (G*l Frazer's) and 
 whatever footing the General might wish to put 
 the Action near Huberton upon, that Corps cer- 
 tainly discover'd that neither they were invincible, 
 nor the Rebels all Poltroons; On the contrary 
 many of them acknowledged the Enemy behaved 
 well, and look'd upon General Reidesel's fortu- 
 nate arrival as a matter absolutely necessary ; 
 This eclaircisement should have taken place when 
 something more than honor was to be gained ; 
 We were now at Skcensborough, having lost 
 near 200 Men, and this post was gained with 
 the loss of One officer & One Volunteer, all our 
 other posts being relinquished, & the communi- 
 cations in front to be repaired before we cou'd 
 proceed. 
 
 July 13th G. Orders. A working party to 
 parade tomorrow morning at daybreak to make 
 Roads & communications towards Fort Anne 
 and also to draw Batteauxs over the carrying 
 place into the Creek, whatever number of Men 
 may be required for these purposes Brig'r Gen'l 
 Frazer's Corps and the Line will furnish. 
 
96 Lieut, HadderCs journal 
 
 Monday July 14th On the Right. The rest 
 of the Artillery being Landed proceeded from 
 the Saw Mills to the other end of the Portage at 
 Lake George, 
 
 July 15th Carriages resembling a Waggon 
 without the Body, (of two sizes, the larger for 
 Transporting Gun Boats, and the lesser for Bat- 
 teaux's) being put together and some Horses 
 arrived from Canada several Gun Boats and Bat- 
 teaux's were brought over the Portage and 
 launched in the Lake George : This business 
 was much retarded for want of Horses which 
 agreeable to a Contract were to be sent across 
 Lake Champlain in Floats. 
 
 July 2 1 St. Nothing extraordinary happen*d 
 'till this period. The Troops being employed in 
 rcpair'g the Communications &c &c &c. 
 
 July 22nd the Roads being complet'd and the 
 Creek cleared Gen'l Burgoyne gave out the fol- 
 lowing order. The Guards of the Advanced 
 Corps to be relieved by the same numbers of the 
 Line this Evening at Sun-sett. 
 
 July 23rd The advanced Corps moved to Fort 
 Anne, 14 Miles. G. Orders. When the Army 
 moves a Detachment of 50 British, 50 Germans 
 and 50 will remain posted at Skeensborough for 
 some days. Lt Hetherington cA (of a Provin- 
 
 ch. Provost Marshal Hetherington, Saratoga Convention, and was exchanged 
 •r Etbcrington, was included in the Sept. 3, 1781. fK. J. 64.] 
 
Lieut, HaddeTis JaurnaL 97 
 
 cial Corps) is appointed Provost Mirtial to the 
 Army and will at all times have a guard of 10 
 British and 10 Germans. 
 
 July 24th : G. Orders. Skeensborough. 
 The Provisions &c of the Army (Tents ex- 
 cepted) to be loaded this afternoon. The 
 General to beat tomorrow instead of the Re- 
 valley, The Tents are then to be put on board 
 and the Batteauxs proceed immediately under a 
 proper escort. The assembly to beat an hour 
 afterwards and the Troops will then march. 
 Reidesils Dragoons makes the advanced Guard 
 and the rear Guard to be composed of one Cap- 
 tain and Company from the Rear Regiment ; 
 The Provincials are in the Rear of the British ; 
 The Carts are to fall in between the main body 
 and the rear Guard, and the Provost Guard a 
 Quarter of a Mile in the Rear of the whole. 
 
 This movement of the Army was deferred 'till 
 the day following, when it moved to Fort Anne 
 14 MileSy and B. Gen'l Frazers Corps proceeded 
 to Jones's Farm (about 7 Miles farther) in the 
 Pitch Pine Plains. 
 
 G. Orders, at Fort Anne July 27th 
 
 The 21st Regiment will immediately join the 
 advanced Corps leaving a Subaltern and Twenty 
 Men as an escort for Gen'l Burgoyne; Two 
 Pieces of Cannon are to go with the Regim't. 
 (The Germans remained here.) The Right 
 
 '3 
 
98 Lieut, HadderCs JournaL 
 
 Wing to hold themselves in readiness to march 
 in the same order as from Skeensborough on the 
 shortest notice. 
 
 The 28th B. Gen'l Frazer's Corps moved to 
 the cross Roads about 2 Miles short of Fort 
 Edward. 
 
 July 29th He was joined by all the British 
 except the 21st Reg't and two Pieces of 
 Cannon under Capt Jones. (R. Ar'y). This 
 Detachment were left at Jones's Farm to secure 
 the communication with the Post at Skeens- 
 borough. In the afternoon the R't Wing moved 
 forward to Fort Edward 14 Miles from Fort 
 Anne, 
 
 July 29th Gen'l Orders : The Advanced 
 Corps will encamp on the height beyond Fort 
 Edward^ The Indians, Canadians and such of 
 the Provincials as are armed, in their front and 
 on their flanks ; The head Quarters will be at 
 the Red House near the Fort cover'd by Reid- 
 esils Dragoons who will encamp on the plain ; 
 The Right Wing will encamp on the rising 
 ground on this side the plain. The left Wing 
 (Germans) will remain at Fort Anne till further 
 orders to aid in the Transport of Provisions &c. 
 Nothing material happen'd on this march ; the 
 Country is in general barren, a Sandy Soil & 
 cover'd with tall Pine Trees. 
 
Lieut, Hadden*s Journal. 99 
 
 Memorandum. Four Companies of the 21st 
 Reg't being detached about 300 yards across a 
 Bridge, with the Two Guns Cap't Jones, R. A., 
 took command of the whole ; in consequence of 
 which Major Foster ^'^ Commanding the Reg't 
 left the other Six Companies to join these four 
 and supersede Capt Jones — " Sic transit gloria 
 Mundi." 
 
 ci, George Forster began bis military 
 career Oct. 2, '755« as an ensign in the 
 8th, or King's Regiment of Foot, in 
 which be was promoted to be a lieut., 
 Sept. 26, 1757. He served in Germany 
 during the Seven Years War, and was 
 further promoted to a captaincy in his 
 regiment, Dec. 25, 1770.' At the 
 breaking out of the American revolution 
 the 8th was stationed on the frontier of 
 Canada, and early in 1776 Capt. Forster 
 was posted at Oswegatchie, now Ogdens- 
 burgh. He c immanded the mixed force 
 of British, Canadians and Indians, that 
 captured the American post at the Cedars 
 in May, 1776, as well as the force under 
 Major Sherburne a few days after, and 
 his treatment of the prisoners thus taken, 
 excited much feeling and controversy at 
 the time. The British and Canadian 
 accounts acquit Capt, Forster of all 
 blame, and accord him great praise for 
 his conduct^; and Sir Guy Carleton thus 
 wrote to him from Montreal, under date 
 of June 20, 1776, '• Your last expedition 
 has acquired you great honour, the next I 
 hope will prove no less fortunate."' 
 
 The American version, however, is very 
 different, as shown by the action of Con 
 gress July 10, 1776, to be found at length 
 in the Journals of Congress, vol. 2, pp. 
 256-260. [See also Am. Arch., 5th 
 Ser., vol I, pp 158-170.] The report 
 of the committee of Congress upon the 
 matter states, among other things, " That 
 
 immediately on the surrender, the garri- 
 son v/as put into the custody of the 
 savages, who plundered them of their 
 baggage, and even stripped them of their 
 cloaths. . . . That two of them " 
 (/. e. of Major Sherburne's force) •' were 
 put to death that evening " (May 20th), 
 " four or five others at different time* 
 afterwards, one of whom was of those 
 who surrendered on capitulation at the 
 Cedars, and was killed on the 8th day 
 after that surrender ; that one was first 
 shot, and while retaining life and sensa- 
 tion, was roasted, as was related by his 
 companion now in possession of the 
 savages, who himself saw the fact j and 
 that several others being worn down by 
 famine and cruelty, were left exposed in 
 an island naked and perishing with cold 
 and hunger: . . . That on Sunday, the 
 26th" (May, 1776), "the prisoners 
 were carried to Quinze Chenes, when it 
 was discovered that general Arnold was 
 approaching, and making dispositions to 
 attack them : That Captain Forster 
 having desired Major Sherburne to attend 
 a flag, which he was about to send to 
 general Arnold for confirmation of the 
 cartel, carried him into the council of 
 Indians, then sitting, who told him, that 
 It was a mercy never before shewn in 
 their wars, that they hnd put to death so 
 few of the prisoners ; but that he must 
 expect and so inform general Arnold, that 
 they should certainly kill every man. 
 
loo Lieut. Haddetis 'Journal, 
 
 I shall now give an account of the operations 
 of the Detachment to the Right of the Army 
 coming across Lake George, as, the two blended 
 together wou'd have created confusion From 
 July ye 14th to the 25 We were employed in 
 bringing forward the Guns, Stores, and Provis- 
 ions ; and in transporting Gun Boats & Bat- 
 teaux's from ye Saw Mill's Creek to Lake 
 
 who should thereafter fall into their 
 hands : That captain Forster joined in 
 desiring that this bloody message should 
 be delivered to general Arnold, and more- 
 over that he should be notified, that if 
 he rejected the cartel, and attacked him, 
 every man uf the prisoners would be put 
 to instant death : . . . That, during the 
 time of their captivity, not half food was 
 allowed the prisoners ; they were con- 
 tinually insulted, butfetted and ill treated 
 by the savages ; and vhen the first parties 
 of them were carried off from the shore 
 to be delivered to general Arnold, balls 
 of mud were fired at them, and at the last 
 parties musket balls. 
 
 " The Congress taking into considera- 
 tion the foregoing report, came to the 
 ibllowing resolutions : 
 
 »« Resol-ved, That all acts contrary to 
 good faith, the laws of nature, or tne 
 customs of civilized nations, done by 
 the officers or soldiers of his Britannic 
 ■majesty, or by foreigners or savages taken 
 into his service, are to be considered as 
 4lone by his orders, unless indemnification 
 be made in cases which admit indemnifi- 
 cation, and in all other cases, unless im- 
 mediate and effective measures be taken 
 by him, or by his officers, for bringing 
 to condign punishment the authors, 
 abettors and perpetrators of the act .■ 
 
 " That the plundering the baggage of 
 the garrison at the Cedars, stripping them 
 of their cloaths, and delivering them into 
 
 the hindt of the savages, was a breach of 
 the cjf'itulation on the part of the enemy, 
 for whivh indemnification ought to be 
 demanded : 
 
 " That the murder of the prisoners of 
 war was a gross and inhuman violation 
 of the laws of nature and nations ; that 
 condign panbhment should be inflicted 
 on the authors, abettors and perpetrators 
 of the same ; and that, for this purpose, 
 it be required that they be delivered into 
 our hands : 
 
 *' That the agreement entered into by 
 general Arnold, was a mere sponsion on 
 his part ; he not being invested with 
 powers for the disposal of prisoners not 
 in his possession, nor under his direction 
 and that, therefore, it is subject to be 
 ratified or annulled, at the discretion of 
 this house : 
 
 " That the shameful surrender of the 
 post at the Cedars, is chargeable on the' 
 commanding officer; that such other of 
 the prisoners, as were taken there, shewed 
 a willingness and desire to fight the 
 enemy; and that major Sherburne and 
 the prisoners taken with him, though 
 their disparity of numbers was great, 
 fought the enemy bravely for a considera- 
 ble time, and surrendered at last, but on 
 absolute necessity; on which considera- 
 tion, and on which alone it is resolved, 
 that the said sponsion be ratifieJ ; and 
 that an equal number of captives from 
 the enemy, of the ume rank and con- 
 
Lieut, HadderCs JournaL loi 
 
 George. The Road is tolerably level, and where 
 it wanted repairs the Rebel Prisoners were em- 
 ployed being furnished with Tools and working 
 under a Guard : We had about Two hundred of 
 them confined in a Barn, and those who were 
 not wanted either for the above purpose or Re- 
 moving Guns and Stores, amused themselves in 
 beating Hemp : These measures certainly were 
 not justifiable, they were it is true allowed Rum 
 in common with other fatigue Parties and upon 
 the whole 'twas better than close confinement, 
 but it ought to have been optional ; they shou'd 
 
 dition, be restored to them, as stipulated 
 by the said sponsion : 
 
 "That, previous to the delivery of the 
 prisoners to be returned on our part, the 
 British commander in Canada be required 
 to deliver into our hands the authors, 
 abettors, and perpetrators of the horrid 
 murder committed on the prisoners, to 
 suffer such punishment as their crime 
 deserves ; and also to make indemnifi- 
 cation for the plunder at the Cedars, taken 
 contrary to the faith of the cap'tulation ; 
 and that until such delivery and indem- 
 nification be made, the said prisoners be 
 rot delivcied : 
 
 "That, it' the enemy shall commit 
 any further viol.tnces, by putting to death, 
 torturing, or otherwise ill treating the 
 prisoners retained by them, or any of th; 
 hostages put into their hands, recourse b • 
 had to retaliation, as the sole means of 
 stopping the progress of human butchery ; 
 and that for that purpose, punishments 
 of the same kind and degree be inflicted 
 on an equal number of the captives from 
 them in our possession, 'till they shall be 
 taught to respect the violated rights of 
 nations : 
 
 " That a copy of the above report and 
 
 resolutions be transmitted to the com 
 mander in chief of the continental forces, 
 to be by him sent to generals Howe and 
 Burgoyne." 
 
 The receiL<t of this report and these 
 resolutions just after the shooting of Gen, 
 Gordon, was the occasion of Gen. 
 Carleton's issuing his violent order of 
 Aug. 4, 1776, which Hadden has given 
 in full. 
 
 Capt. Forster was promoted to be major 
 of the 2ist, or Royal North British 
 Fuzilecrs, Nov. 5, 1776.' The next 
 year he participated in Burgoyne's expe- 
 dition, and his name is signed to the 
 Cambridge parole. He was one of the 
 witnesses at the trial of the American 
 Col. Henley for cruelty towards the 
 Convention troops^ and he seems to 
 have been a brave and active, even if 
 not always a judicious officer. He be- 
 came a lieut. -colonel in the army Nov. 
 20, 1782; and the lieut.-colonel of the 
 66th Fjut, Dec. 31, 1784. His name 
 appears in the British Army Lists for the 
 last time in 1787. « [' B. H. » L. D. 
 135-140: B. X. 316. 3 F. B. 17. 
 ♦ F- 2] 
 
I02 Lieut, HadderCs JournaL 
 
 either have been consider'd as Prisoners of War, 
 or Rebels. The Brutality of Major W. 9 induced 
 him to bring out these unhappy wretches and 
 parade them in the Rear of the Troops when the 
 Feu dejoye was fired upon our late successes, some 
 of them felt the insult but others threw up their 
 Caps & Huzza'd with the Troops in spite of 
 many pushes from their Comrades. Their Offi- 
 cers were sent to Canada on Parole. 
 
 Portage, Lake George, Saturday July 26th 
 1777 — Maj'r Gen'l Phillips was pleased to order 
 me to choose 3 Noncom'd officers & 30 Men from 
 Capt'n Borthwick's Company, of these I was to 
 take Command & proceed with the rest of the 
 Artillery, (except Capt. Borthwick and the re- 
 mainder of his Company left for the defence of 
 Tyconderoga &c) across Lake George, and this 
 day I embarked with them on board the Gun 
 Boats. 
 
 Sunday July 27th Being embarked on 
 board 26 Gun Boats, we proceeded with 100 
 Men from the 62nd Reg't and Capt Monins 
 Company of Canadians under the Command of 
 Lt. Col. Anstruther. <^^ This expedition was to 
 
 cj. The officer referred to in the text cruelty during the Revolutionary war 
 
 was Major Griffith Williams, command- was not practiced by the Britijii, as will 
 
 ing the detachment of the Royal Artiller) be seen by reference to the note upon 
 
 vith Burgoyne, a notice of whom will be Cul. Stirkney to be found later on. 
 found later on. Hadden's disapproval of 
 
 the major's conduct shows that all the ck. John Anstruther was the third 
 
 British officers were not actuated by the son of Sir Fhilip Anstruther, of Balcas- 
 
 lame feelings. Unfortunately all the kie, Scotland, by his wife, Catharine, 
 
Lieut. Hadden's Journal, 103 
 
 have been larger and under the orders of Maj'r 
 Gen'l Phillips, but the Enemy having (a few 
 days since) destroyed their Vessels (5 in number) 
 including two on the Stocks; and destroying the 
 defences of the Fort, abandon'd it retiring 
 towards Fort Edward. 
 
 The first 4 or 5 Miles the water is extremely 
 shallow (4 or 5 Feet deep) but after that it grows 
 very deep and will everywhere admit Vessels of 
 
 only daughter of Lord Alexander Hay, 
 of Spott, a son of John, first Marquess 
 of Tweeddale, by Lady Jane Scott, 
 daughter of Walter, Earl of Buccleugh.' 
 John Anstruther was commissioned as 
 ensign in the 26th Foot May 2d, 1 75 1, 
 and was promoted to a lieutenancy in the 
 8th, or King's Regiment of Foot, 
 August 28, 1756; and when the 2d 
 Battalion of that organization was re- 
 numbered as the 63d Foot, in 1758, 
 that became the number of his regiment. 
 [There was another John Anstruther 
 who was made a ist lieut. in the 107th, 
 or Queen's own Royal Regiment of 
 Volunteers, Oct. 20th, 1761.] He 
 became a captain-lieutenant September 
 25th, 1761 ; a captain July 23d 1762; 
 and a major November 5th, 1766. He 
 obtained the lieut. -colonelcy of the 62d 
 Foot October 21st, 1773; and to that 
 corps he was attached during the re- 
 mainder of his military career." He 
 accompanied his regiment to Canada in 
 1776, served under Carleton that year; 
 and the following year took part in 
 Burgoyne's campaign. The 62d was 
 badly cut up at Freeman's Farm Septem- 
 ber 19, 1777, and after the action it 
 numbered, according to Gen. Burgoyne, 
 " less than 60 men, and four or five 
 officers," Lieut.-Colonel Anstruther being 
 
 among the wounded. He was again 
 wounded the next month at Bemus* 
 Heights. 3 He was included in Bur- 
 goyne's surrender, but was paroled or 
 exchanged the following year. He and 
 a number of other British officers on 
 their way to England in the Eagle 
 packet, were captured by the American 
 privateer Vengeance of 20 guns, in 
 September, 1778, and taken into Co- 
 riinna.4 A letter written by this officer 
 to Gen. Gates from Cambridge Dec. 8th, 
 1777, discloses the fact that they were 
 old West India acquaintances, and shows 
 Anstruther to have been a man of good 
 education. S He became a colonel in 
 the army Novembfj 17, 1780, and his 
 name appears in the Army Lists for the 
 last time in 1782.' 
 
 Col. Anstruther married Grizel Maria, 
 daughter and heiress of John Thomson, 
 of Charleton, Fifeshire, and heiress of 
 line of the St. Clairs, Earls of Orkney, 
 and of the Lords Sinclair and Ravens- 
 heugh. By her he had a daughter, after- 
 wards married to General James Durham 
 of Largo, and two sons, theelder of whom, 
 John Anstruther Thomson, assumed his 
 mother's surname, and succeeded to her 
 estates.'.* ['B. R. ^-B. H. 3B. N.: G. V. 
 17s, 176. "H. J. 418, 440. 5D. R. 
 
104- Lieut. Maddens JournaL 
 
 any kind. We passed Rugers^s Rock^^ famous 
 for his descending a part of it with his Detach- 
 ment (during the last War) where it appears 
 almost perpendicular. This was his only alter- 
 native to escape falling into the hands of a superior 
 Corps of Savages in the French Interest ; It 
 happen'd during the Winter which no doubt 
 facilitated his descent by jiakes of Snow &c col- 
 lected on the Rock^ as in its present state one 
 wou'd doubt the fact if not so well authenti- 
 cated. He afterwards crossed the Lake on the 
 Ice. We passed Sabaoth day Point so called 
 from an Action which happen'd here on a Sun- 
 day. This is the only cleared land we have yet 
 come to ; it is Seven Miles from the Portage, & 
 on the Eastern Shore of the Lake.'"* In 
 the evening (there being no wind) we came 
 to an Anchor at 14 Mile Island, so called be 
 cause it is 14 Miles from Fort George : Here 
 we encamped there being only one House on 
 
 cl. The story is usually told of Major Indians coming up ju«t after he had 
 
 Robert Rogers individually, and not of escaped, and seeing tracks to the cliffj 
 
 his whole party as in thetext. Its founda- and none from it, owing to the Major's 
 
 tion is as follows. In one of his expedi- clever device of reversing his snow shoes, 
 
 tions, before the British conquest of supposed that he had slidden down the 
 
 Canada, Major Rogers, with some of his face of the precipice j and concluding 
 
 rangers, encountered a superior force of that he must be under the protection of 
 
 French and Indians and was defeated, his the Great Spirit as he glided sifely away 
 
 party being scattered and compelled to fly. on the lake, they at once gave up further 
 
 Major Rogers was himself pursued to the pursuit. Since then the precipice in 
 
 clitf mentioned in the text, where escape question has gone under the n.ime of 
 
 seemed well nigh impossible. Quickly Roger's Slide, or Roger's Rock, 
 reversing his snow shoes he retraced his 
 
 steps a short distance and then swung cm. Sabbath Day Point is on the 
 
 himself into a ravine, whence he made western shore of Lake George, and not 
 
 his way to the surface of the lake. The on the eastern shore as stated by Haddcn. 
 
Lieut, H addends JournaL 105 
 
 the Island ; we saw and killed a great number 
 of Rattle SnakeSy in the Stomach of one of them 
 we found two whole ground Squirrels, on one of 
 which the Hair was quite perfect, it appeared 
 to have been swallowed the preceding day, the 
 effecting of which must have been a work of 
 some time as the Mouth of the Serpent appeared 
 infinitely too small to receive it suddenly ; This 
 Snake had 6 Rattles. One was killed which 
 had 1 3 Rattles. I apprehend one reason for our 
 discovering so many, was the number of Fires 
 and removing old Logs to supply Fuel. On an 
 Island near this, an Artillery Man was stung to 
 Death some years ago, and that Island is so 
 famous for them as to be called Rattle Snake Is- 
 land. The Rattle is only used when the Snake 
 is coiled, it is then twirl'd round more or less 
 as his fears or anger increase or diminish, and by 
 no means makes so great a noise as people 
 imagine : in fact little more than any other 
 Reptile moving thro, dry Leaves.*^'* We met 
 with no accidents, and having a fair wind 
 arrived at Fort George about Noon on the 
 28th July. Lake George is 36 Miles in length, 
 and a little more than two in width ; it lays in 
 a Valley between two immense Ridges of Moun- 
 tains the bottoms of which border on the Lake, 
 from this circumstance it is extremely deep 
 quite up to the landing near Fort George, and 
 
 en. The inhabitants dry and eat the snakes. [^HaJJen's Note.'] 
 
io6 Lieut, HadderCs yournal, 
 
 has seldom more than two prevailing winds but 
 is very liable to sudden squals, in one of these the 
 Rev'd Mr Brudenell <^^ was very near lost in a 
 Man ot War's Barge. Towards the middle there 
 are a great number of small Islands uninhabited, 
 nor are there above 5 or 6 Settlements on the 
 whole Lake. The Mountains are plentifully 
 supplied with Deer the few Inhabitants hunt 
 them with Dogs 'till they take the Water and in 
 attempting to cross the Lake are picked up by 
 People laying wait in Boais or Canoes. Our 
 passage across this Lake was very pleasant and it 
 affords many pleasing & romantic prospects. 
 Were we to retain a Post at Tyconderoga the 
 little depth of water towards that end of Lake 
 George wou'd be a great obstacle to our keeping 
 up a Fleet. Gun Boats appear to be well calcu- 
 lated for this Lake the water being in general so 
 smooth that they could always act ; and at the Fall 
 of the Year they might take advantage of the 
 encrease of Water in the Saw Milt Creek to pass 
 the Rapids and Shallows which interrupt the 
 
 (0. Rev. Edward Brudenel, chaplain service, when shelled by the American 
 
 to the artilleiy, accomf^anied Lady Harriet batteries, is specially mentioned by Bur- 
 
 AcUnd tu the American lines when she goyne." 
 
 ioioed her wounded husband who had We find no further notice of him save 
 
 been taken prisoner at Bemus' Heights the announcement of the death of the 
 
 Oct. 7, 1777- He likewise officiated Rev. Edward Brudenel, rector of 
 
 at the burial of Gen. Frascr, who was Hougham and Marston, Lic(^lnshire, 
 
 mcrtally wounded in the same action, June 25, 1805, in Berkeley street, 
 
 and hit " steady attitude and his unaltered London^ though, whether this notice 
 
 Toice though frequently covered with applies to the subject of this sketch, we 
 
 dost which the shot threw up on all sides are not able positively to affirm. ['B. N. 
 
 of him," during that eventful funeral 126, 129. »L. C. 52.] 
 
Lieut. HadderCs Journal. 107 
 
 communication with Lake Champlain, and be 
 secured under the Guns in Tyconderoga, or 
 Mount Independence. So soon as we arrived at 
 Fort George The Infantry were employed in 
 clearing a post on Gage's Hill which commands 
 the Fort at the distance of about 1500 Yards, 
 on the Road to Fort Edward. This is a very 
 strong position, the Road being in a manner cut 
 thro, the height on which the post is taken. 
 
 Fort George which stands near the water at 
 the end of the Lake, is a small square Fort faced 
 with Masonry and contains Barracks for about a 
 hundred Men secured from Cannon Shot. This 
 Fort cou'd not stand a Siege, being commanded, 
 & too confined not to be soon reduced by Bom- 
 bardment. The Rebels before they abandon'd 
 it had endeavour'd to destroy the defences and 
 actualy blew up the Magazine on the side next 
 the Water, which demolish'd that Face. 
 
 The Ruins of Fort Henry are on the Eastern 
 shore ^y^ of the Lake, this was never much more 
 than a small stockaded Fort. The Land is 
 cleared for about a Mile Round the Fort on 
 both sides of the Lake, and on it are built 5 
 Farm Houses. We found that the Enemy had 
 carried off a large Magazine of Flour & other 
 
 cf. Hadden's confusion of the points refers to under the name of Fort Henry, 
 of the compass again shows itself here, is on the western shore of Lake George, 
 u Fort William Henry, which Hadden 
 
io8 Lieut, Hadden^s Journal. 
 
 Provisions, during the time the British Army 
 lay at Skeensborough to repair the communica- 
 tions to Fort Anne^ destroyed by the Enemy's 
 felling Trees across them after the 9th Reg't 
 were withdrawn : Had a large Corps been ad- 
 vanced to the Cross Roads near Fort Edward, or 
 more properly the greater part of the Army 
 leaving a Detachment at S keens borough we 
 shou'd have got an immense supply of Provision's 
 thus far on our Route, and gained much time; 
 Gen'l Burgoyne had intelligence of these circum- 
 stances, as the Storekeeper of Fort George (origi- 
 nally in the British service & whose Son was with 
 us) came in, and saw him. From what we cou'd 
 learn the Enemy had made two or three trips 
 with 40 or 50 Waggons ; having full time they 
 carried off or destroyed the minutest articles, and 
 also drove with them the Cattle belonging to 
 the Inhabitants : Indeed, an attempt was made 
 on the last Division of Waggons by a Detach- 
 ment of Savages, they Seized one Waggon which 
 had broken down, began to plunder it of the 
 Horses &c, and cou'd not be prevailed on to pur- 
 sue the rest of them. July 28th (continued) we 
 landed and encamped. I was taken very ill this 
 night. 
 
 July 30th most of the Guns & Stores being 
 disembarked, I was order'd with my Detach- 
 ment and Six Pieces of Lt. Artillery to join Capt. 
 
Lieut. Hadden's Journal, 109 
 
 Jones & remain attached to the Right Wing of 
 the Army. I was attacked with the Ague when 
 I set out, but recover'd on changing the Air, 
 which from the Fires to destroy the Storehouses, 
 Barracks, Shipping on the Stocks &c and a 
 quantity of bad Provisions dispers'd about, was 
 very hot & unpleasant, the Soil being sandy en- 
 creased these. Here I first tasted Windsor Beans 
 of any size, those in Canada being scarce and 
 very small. We also took great quantities of 
 Trout in a Creek near here. I marched 14 Miles 
 this day & encamped at the cross Roads about 2 
 Miles short of F't Edward. 
 
 Thursday. July 31st I marched to Fort 
 Edward and encamped with the first Brigade 
 British. Fort Edward; here are the Ruins of 
 a small Fort thrown up near the Hudson River 
 to cover a part of it which is here Fordable. This 
 is at present totally dismantled and does not ap- 
 pear ever to have been calculated for a further 
 purpose than repelling a sudden attack being 
 commanded on both flanks within Cannon Shot ; 
 The Army encamped on these heights, The Ad- 
 vanced being on the far side (towards Albany) 
 and the Right Wing about the same distance in 
 the Rear of the Fort ; The fires of these encamp - 
 ments were uncommonly beautiful at Night. 
 A small Detachment remained at the Cross 
 Roads to prevent small parties of the Enemy 
 crossing a Ford there and interrupting our com- 
 
no Lieut. Haddefi's yournal. 
 
 munications with Fort George, Skeensborough 
 
 He. 
 
 The Germans remained at Fort Anne. 
 
 Monday, August 4th Capt yones came up with 
 2 — 6 P'rs & Lieut ReidS'i He joined me and 
 took command of the whole. On the day fol- 
 lowing 2 — 6 and 2 — 3 Pounders were sent from 
 us to Capt Pauch of the Germans, his Brigade 
 then consisting of 4 — 6 and 4 — 3 P'rs, Capt 
 Jones's of 4 — 6 Pounders and 60 Artillery Men. 
 This Proportion allowed a Com'd Officer to each 
 2 guns, and i Non-Com'd OfFr & 1 5 Men to each 
 Gun, a much greater proportion of Men than 
 was attached to any other Guns in that Army, 
 and tho. by no means more than was requisite 
 greatly exceeds what is usualy allowed. 
 
 August 6th The German Troops marched 
 from Fort Anne and encamped at the Cross 
 Roads 2 Mi'es in our Rear. 
 
 Saturday - ug't 9th B. Gen'l Fraziers Corps 
 moved forward to Fort Miller, or rather Duer's 
 
 cf. George Reid entered the iMili- 
 tirjr Academy at Woolwich as a gen- 
 tleman cadet April i, 1 77 1. In the 
 svminer of 1776, while still a cadet, he 
 mas sent out to Canada, where by order 
 of Sept. 24th ofth.it year, he was ap- 
 pointed an acting zd lieut.j and Feb. 
 zi, 1777, he was commissioned as a 2d 
 liest. in the Royal Artillery. He 
 pjrtkipated in Burgoyne's campaign, on 
 wbidt be was attached to Capt. Jones* 
 company, and at the battle of Freeman's 
 Farm he was very severely engaged, his 
 
 captain being killed, and all hii company 
 except five, being either killed or 
 wounded, though he and his brother 
 subaltern, Lieut. Hidden, escaped unhurt. 
 He was included in jjurgoyne's surrender 
 and signed the Cambridge parole. He 
 must hive been exchanged in 1778,31 
 his name appears among Sir Henry 
 Clinton's artillery officen in 1779. 
 He was promoted to a first lieutenancy 
 July 7, 1779, and he retired on a pension 
 of 51. per diem Sept. i, 1787. [G. U.: 
 H. I. io: D. O.j 
 
Lieut, Hadderis JournaL 1 1 1 
 
 House immediately opposite (7 miles) ; And a 
 Detachment from the Army, consisting of Reid- 
 esel's Dragoons, 150 Provincials, 100 Savages, 
 and a part of Capt. Frazer's Rangers, in all 556, 
 with 2-3 Pounders, were Detached towards Ben- 
 nington under the Command of Lt. Col. 
 Baume of Reidesils Dragoons. 
 
 Copy of Gen'l Burgoyne's private instructions 
 to Lt. Col. Baume.^''* 
 
 " Instructions for Lieut. Col. Baume. 
 
 The object of your expedition is, to try the 
 affection of the Country ; to disconcert the coun- 
 cils of the Enemy, to mount the Reidesils Dra- 
 goons, to compleat Peter s Corps and obtain 
 large supplies of Cattle, Horses & Carriages. 
 
 The several Corps of which the enclosed is a 
 list, are to form your Command. The Troops 
 must take no Tents and what little Baggage is 
 carried by officers must be on their own Bat- 
 horses. You are to proceed from Batten Kill to 
 ArlingtoHy and take post there 'till the Detach- 
 er. Lieut. -Colonel Fre.lericic B^um, inurtjily wounded at Bennington, August 
 of the Dragoon Regiment of Bruns- 17 177?) wliere he died two days after- 
 wickers, arrived in Canida June I, 1776, wards, and was buried with military 
 with the first division ot Germans that honors. He was undoubtedly a brave 
 came over that year to re-inforce Gen. man and a good officer, though not the 
 Carleton He was at once appointed tvi one to have been entrusted with the 
 the command of the garrison of Quebec command of such an expedition. The 
 consisting of Prince Frederick's Regiment German Gen. Riedesel writes — "All, 
 and his own dragoons, which latter came who were present, testify that Baum and 
 to America without horses and therefore the troops did well." [K.. M. 113-131, 
 served as dismounted cavalry. He was 250,283, 284: K N 265.] 
 
112 Lieut, Hadden*s JournaU 
 
 ment of Provincials under the command of 
 Capt. Sherwood <'* shall join you from the South- 
 ward. You are then to proceed to Manchester, 
 where you will again take post, so as to secure the 
 pass of the Mountains on the Road from Manches- 
 ter to Rockingham ; from hence you will detach 
 the Indians and light Troops to the Northward 
 toward Otter Creek. On their return and re- 
 ceiving intelligence that no Enemy is upon the 
 Connecticut River, you will proceed by the 
 Road over the mountains to Rockingham, where 
 
 ct. Justin, or, as sometimes written, 
 Justus Sherwood, of New Haven, in the 
 Hampshire Granis, was actively engaged 
 in the land troubles with New York 
 growii.;^ out of adverse patents during the 
 few yearj immediately preceding the 
 Revolutionary war. He was pro- 
 prietor's clerk of New Haven from the 
 first meeting in 1774 until late in 1776, 
 when he removed to Shaftesbury on 
 account of the war. He was then an 
 avowed royalist and as such was punished 
 at Bennington. In his exasperation he 
 raised a company of loyalist: for Lieut. - 
 Col. John Peters* Battalion, and joined 
 the British army in Canada. Col. 
 Thomas Johnson, of Newbury, compli- 
 mented Capt. Sherwood for humanity to 
 him when a prisoner in Canada. Capt. 
 Sherwood participated throughout Bur- 
 goyne's campaign, and took an active 
 part in the battle of Bennington. Bur 
 goyne, in the State of the Expedition, 
 refers to the " distinguished bravery" of 
 gome of the Provincials with him, 
 among them " Capt. Sherwood, who was 
 forward in every service of danger to the 
 end of the campaign." Upon Burgoyne's 
 surrender Capt. Sherwood, with the 
 other provincials in that army, retired 
 to Canada. This officer was employed 
 
 by Gen Haldimand, who succeeded Sir 
 Guy Carleton as commander in chief in 
 Canada, in the negotiations with Ver- 
 mont in 1780-83; ana Capt. Sherwood's 
 letters to various parties, and his reports 
 to Gen. Haldimand while conducting hii 
 delicate duties as a commissioner in the 
 attempt to detach Vermont from the 
 other colonics, show that he was a man 
 of superior education. When several 
 provincial corps were consolidated by 
 Gen. Haldimand in November, 1781, 
 under Maj. Edward Jessup, Capt. 
 Sherwood became the senior captain of 
 that organization, his commission dating 
 from Nov, 19th in that year. The 
 various warrants for the payment of 
 money to Capt. Sherwood in 1781 and 
 '8z *' on account of Expresses and other 
 Expenses incurred by fitting out Scouts," 
 and as " Agent for carrying on Secret 
 Service," to be found in the Haldimand 
 papers, clearly indicate his activity and 
 the large measure of confidence reposed 
 in him by his superiors. Unfortunately 
 we have not been able to trjce this 
 officer after the termination of tlie war, 
 though it is highly probable that be 
 settled and died in Canada. [M. L: 
 M. M: B. N: F. E. 180: F. F. 152: 
 F. G. 177, 407 : F. M. 81.] 
 
 I 
 
Lieut, Hadderi^s Journal, 113 
 
 you will take post. This will be the most dis- 
 tant part of the expedition, and must be pro- 
 ceeded upon with caution, as you will have the 
 defile of the Mountains behind you, which 
 might make a retreat difficult. You must there- 
 fore endeavour to be informed of the force of 
 the Enemies Militia in the neighbouring Country; 
 Should you find it may with prudence be effected, 
 you are to remain there while the Indians & 
 Light Troops are detached up the River ; and 
 you are afterwards to descend the River to Brat- 
 tleborough and from that place by the quickest 
 march you are to return by the great road to 
 Albany. During your whole progress your de- 
 tachments are to have orders to bring in to you 
 all horses fit to mount the Dragoons under your 
 command, or to serve as bat-horses ^^ for the 
 Troops, together with as many Saddles and 
 bridles as can be found. The number of Horses 
 requisite besides those necessary for mounting the 
 Regiment of Dragoons ought to be Thirteen 
 Hundred. If you can bring more for the use of 
 the Army it will be so much the better. Your 
 Parties are likewise to bring in Waggons and 
 other convenient carriages, with as many draft 
 
 ct. Bat, in French, signifiei pack artillery, bakery, baggage, etc., and they 
 
 saddle, and Bat-Horses, or Baw-Horses, generally wore the king's livery during 
 
 are baggage horses belonging to the officers their service. Men who were excused 
 
 when on actual duty. from regimental duty, for the specific 
 
 Bat-Men, or Baw-Men, were originally purpose of attending to the horses belong- 
 
 servants hired in war time to take care ing to their officers, were called Bat-Men., 
 
 of the horses belonging to the train of [G. N.] 
 
 15 
 
 1 
 
114 Lieut, HaddetCs JournaL 
 
 Oxen as will be necessary to draw them, and all 
 Cattle fit for slaughter, milch Cows excepted, 
 which are to be left for the use of the Inhabi- 
 tants. Regular receipts in the form hereto sub- 
 joined, are to be given in all places where any of 
 the above mentioned articles are taken, to such 
 persons as have remain'd in their habitations and 
 otherwise complied with the Terms of (Gen'l 
 Burgoyne's) ye manifesto. But no receipt is to 
 be given to such as are known to be acting in 
 the service of the Rebels. As you will have 
 with you persons perfectly acquainted with the 
 Country, it may perhaps be advisable to tax the 
 several districts with their proportions of the 
 several articles, and limit the hours of delivery ; 
 and shou'd you find it necessary to move before 
 such delivery can be made, hostages of the most 
 respectable People shou'd be taken to secure 
 their following next day. All possible means to 
 be used to prevent plundering. As it is probable 
 that Capt. Sherwood who is already detached to 
 the Southward, and will join you at Arlington, 
 will drive a considerable quantity of Cattle and 
 Horses to you ; you will therefore send in those 
 cattle to the Army, with a proper detachment 
 from Peters Corps to cover them, in order to dir 
 incumber yourself, but you must always keep the 
 Regiment of Dragoons compact. The Dra- 
 goons themselves must ride and take care of 
 the Horses of the Regiment. Those Horses 
 
Lieut. Hadden^s JournaL nc 
 
 which are destined for the use of the Army 
 must be tied together by strings of Ten each 
 m order that one Man may lead Ten Horses. 
 You will give the unarmed Men of Peters 
 Corps, to conduct them, and the Inhabitants 
 whom you can trust. You must always 
 take your Camps in a good Position, but at the 
 same time where there is good pasture ; and you 
 must havea chain of Centinels around your Cattle 
 when graizing. 
 
 Con Skeene will be with you as much as pos- 
 sible in order to assist you with his advice to 
 help you to distinguish the good Subjects from 
 the bad, to procure the best intelligence of the 
 h,nemy, and choose those people who are to 
 bring me the accounts of your progress and suc- 
 cess. 
 
 When you find it necessary to halt for a day 
 or two, you must always entrench the Camp of 
 the Regiment of Dragoons, in order never to 
 risque an attack or affront from the Enemy As 
 you will return with the Regiment of Dragoons 
 mounted, you must always have a detachment of 
 Capt. Frazers or Peter's Corps in front of the 
 Regiment of Dragoons, in order to prevent your 
 tailing into an ambuscade when you march thro 
 the woods You will use all possible means to 
 make the Country believe that the Troops under 
 your command are the advanced Corps of the 
 
ii6 Lieut, HadderCs yournaL 
 
 Army, and that it is intended to pass to Con- 
 necticut on the Road to Boston. You will like- 
 wise insinuate that the main Army from Albany 
 is to be joined at Springfield by a Corps of Troops 
 from Rhode Island. 
 
 It is highly probable that the Corps under Mr 
 Warner, <^** now supposed to be at Manchester, 
 will retreat before y^u ; but should they con- 
 trary to expectation be able to collect in great 
 force, and post themselves advantageously it is 
 left to your discretion to attack them or not, 
 always bearing in mind that your Corps is too 
 valuable, to let any considerable loss be hazarded on 
 the occasion. Should any Corps be moved from 
 Mr. Arnold's <^^ main Army in order to interrupt 
 your Retreat, you are to take as strong a Post as 
 the Country will afford and send the quickest 
 intelligence to me, and you may depend on my 
 making such movements as shall put the Enemy 
 between two fires, or otherwise effectually sustain 
 you. 
 
 It is imagined the progress of this expedition 
 may be executed in about a fortnight ; but every 
 movement of it must depend on your success in 
 obtaining such supplies of Provisions as will 
 enable you to subsist for your return to this 
 Army in case you can get no more ; and should 
 
 cv. The person alluded to in the text 
 cu. Col. Seth Warner ii the person is Benedict Arnold, then a brigadier 
 alluded to in the text. general on the American side. 
 
Lieut, Hadden's Journai i\n 
 
 not the Army be able to reach Albany before 
 your expedition shou'd be completed, I will find 
 means to send you notice of it, and give your 
 Route another direction. 
 
 All persons acting in Committees, or any Offi- 
 cers under the direction of the Congress, either 
 civil or Military, are to be made Prisoners. 
 
 I heartily wish you success, and have the honor 
 to be. Sir Your most obed't 
 
 Extract from a Rebel | humble Serv't 
 
 News Paper— | John Burgoyne 
 
 Lieuft Getil 
 
 Sunday August ioth-77. The 53rd Reg't were 
 order'd back to Garrison Tyconderoga, The 6 2d 
 Reg't being to join the Detachment under Lt. Col. 
 Anstruther at Fort George. The Army there- 
 fore is now diminish'd i British and i German 
 Battalion, left at Tyconderoga and Mount Inde- 
 pendence, as also nearly a Company of Artillery. 
 Brigadier Gen'i Powel returns to command at 
 these Posts. 
 
 August 13th Gen'l Orders. The Army 
 marches to-morrow by the right in one Column 
 to Fort Miller. 
 
 Aug't 14th The Army marched to Duers 
 House (usualy called Fort Miller in Gen'l 
 Orders) and encamped on the adjacent heights : 
 Brig'r Gen'l Frazer moved yesterday to Batten 
 
 Be 
 
ii8 Lieut, HadderCs yournaL 
 
 Kill. There is little worth remarking here, ex- 
 cept that Mr Duer^ married to one of Lord 
 Sterling's Daughters is building a very good 
 House, and being with Congress Gen'l Burgoyne 
 has made it his head Quarters. 
 
 Aug't 15th an express arrived to acquaint 
 Gen'l Burgoyne that Lt. Col. Baume was at- 
 tacked near Bennington about 25 Miles from 
 hence, and had taken Post to act as occasion 
 might require, the Enemy being superior in 
 Numbers. The Reserve to the advanced Corps 
 consisting of the German Grenadiers & Chas- 
 seurs, about 7 or 800 Men, with two 6 Pounders 
 were order'd to march and support him under the 
 command of Lt. Col. Brymen. 
 
 Aug't 1 6th Lt. Col. Baume was attacked, 
 defeated, and taken, owing to the tardiness 
 of Lt. Co'i. Brymen, who did not march a 
 Mile an hour to his support ; Lt. Col. 
 Brymen was afterwards attacked on his 
 march, in which action he lost his Cannon. 
 Brig'r Gen'l Frazer proposed for the advanced 
 Corps to sustain Baume in place of the Corps 
 
 cv). Wm. Duer married Catherine the this country, but from a necessity that 
 
 youngest of Lord Stirling's two daugh- results from the particular state of his 
 
 ters. July 27, 1775, he was appointed private affairs. ' 
 
 deputy adjutant-general of the Conti- He held various civil offices at different 
 
 nental Army, with the rank of colonel, times, and an interesting sketch of him 
 
 but a committee of Congress reported is to be found in Jones's History of New 
 
 August 23, 1775, that he ought to be York during the Revolutionary War, Vol. 
 
 allowed to decline the appointment, 2, 587, De Lancey's note xlvii. ['£. 
 
 though satisfied "his so declining pro- I39> 548.] 
 ceeds not from any motive unfriendly to 
 
Lieut » Hadden*s yournaU 119 
 
 under Brymen^ this was rejected because the ad- 
 vanced Corps was too considerable to be risqued 
 and the loss's which followed were the conse- 
 quences of this refusal. 
 
 Aug't 17th. Early this morning the Army 
 marched to Batten Kill to cover the retreat of 
 Lt. Col. Brymen's Corps : About Noon they 
 returned across the Ford over the Creek, and in 
 the evening we returned to our old encamp- 
 ment at Duers House, when the following Gen'l 
 Order was given out. 
 
 " It was endeavoured amongst other objects by 
 the late expedition which marched to .the left 
 to supply such a supply of Cattle as might have 
 enabled the Army to proceed without waiting 
 the arrival of the Magazines. That attempt 
 having failed of success thro, the chances of War, 
 the Troops must necessarily halt some days, for 
 bringing forward the Transport of Provisions, 
 and the several Corps will employ that time to 
 collect their Sick and convalescents, and such 
 other scatter'd parties as are merely on Regi- 
 mental duties." 
 
 Aug't 24th A deserter Shot, and a reward of a 
 Hundred Dollars ofFer'd for the discovery of any 
 Emmissary of the Enemy enticing Men to desert. 
 
 August the 26th Gen'l Orders. 
 
I20 . Lieut, Hadden's Journal, 
 
 " The Lieut't General having received the 
 report from Lt. Col. Brymen (commanding the 
 German reserve) relative to the affair of St. 
 Coicks Mills (near Bennington) and also having 
 obtained every collateral information possible, 
 thinks it justice to declare publickly that he has 
 no reason to be dissatisfied with the personal 
 spirit, of the Officers or Troops in the action, 
 that on the contrary the Officers who com- 
 manded the different Corps acted with intre- 
 pidity. The failure of the enterprize seems to 
 have been owing in the first instance to the 
 credulity of those ^^ who managed the depart- 
 ment of intelligence, suffer'd great numbers of 
 the Rebel Soldiers to pass and repass and per- 
 haps count the numbers of the Detachment, and 
 upon an ill founded confidence induced Lieut. 
 Col. Baume to advance too far to have a secure 
 retreat. The next cause was the slow move- 
 ment of Lt. Col. Brymens Corps which from 
 bad weather, bad Roads, tired Horses, and other 
 impediments stated by Lt. Col. Brymen, cou'd not 
 reach Twenty four Miles from Eight in the 
 morning of the 1 5th, to four in the afternoon of 
 the 1 6th, the succour therefore arrived too late. 
 The failure of ammunition in the management 
 of which there appears to have been improvi- 
 dence, was another misfortune. The rest seem'd 
 common accidents of War upon the whole 
 
 ex. Lieut Col. Skeene. [HaJJen's I^ote.] 
 
Lieut, HadderCs JournaL 121 
 
 the Enemy have severely felt their little success, 
 and there is no circumstance to affect the Army 
 with further regret or melancholy than that 
 which arises from the loss of some Gallant Men, 
 but let the Affair of the Mills at St Coick <"y re- 
 main henceforward as a lesson against the impo- 
 sitions of a treacherous Enemy (many of whom 
 in the very hour of swearing allegiance to the 
 King, fought against his Troops) and against ex- 
 pending ammunition too fast by which conquer- 
 ing Troops were obliged to retire with loss. 
 The reflection upon this affair will moreover 
 excite alertness and exertion in every Corps 
 marching for the support of another, by shewing 
 in whatever degree these qualities may be 
 possess'd by the commanding Officers (and they 
 are not doubted in the present instance) yet 
 unless they are general, common accidents may 
 become fatal and the loss of Two hours may 
 decide the turn of an enterprize, and it might 
 happen in some cases the fate of a Campaign.*' 
 
 Brigadier Gen'l Stark, who commanded the 
 Rebels in the above Action gave the following 
 account of it, and which was thus publish'd in 
 their News Papers, viz 
 
 " Extract of a Letter from Brig'r General 
 Stark, to the Council of the State of New 
 Hampshire, dated Bennington i8th August 
 1777.— 
 
 cy. Where the action happened, near Bennington. [HadJen't Note.] 
 16 
 
 "■'"""—-'•"■"- 
 
122 Lieut, HadderCs journal. 
 
 " I congratulate you on the late success of your 
 Troops under my command, by express I pro- 
 pose to give you a brief account of my proceed- 
 ings since I wrote to you last. 
 
 I left Manchester on the 8th inst, and arrived 
 here the 9th, the 13th, I was informed that a 
 party of Indians were at Cambridge, which is 
 twelve Miles distant from this place, on their 
 march hither. I detached Col'l Gregg, ^^^ with 
 
 c%. Lieat.-Colonel William Gregg 
 wat a grancUon of Capt. Jamei Gregg, 
 who was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, 
 married Jane Cargil, embarked with hit 
 ftmily for America in 1718, landed at 
 Cape Elizabeth, spent the winter there, 
 and wat afterwards one of the first sixteen 
 settlers of Londonderry, N. H. William 
 Gregg was the fourth ion of Capt. John 
 Gregg (the second son of Capt. James 
 -Gregg), by Agiies Rankin, his wife, and 
 was born at Londonderry, Oct. 21, 1730.' 
 *' Col. Gregg," says Farmer and Moore's 
 Historical Collections, toI. 3, p. 311, 
 '*at the commencement of the Revo- 
 lutionary war, commanded a company 
 of minute men in the town of London- 
 derry, which he marched to the relief of 
 his countrymen in Boston, early in the 
 year 1775; and tarried there till more 
 urgent rails required his presence at home, 
 as muster-master for his regiment, and a 
 member of the committee of safety. 
 
 " The ensuing year he was commis- 
 ■ioned by the Council of the State, to 
 be Major in the first regiment of militia 
 raised in New Hampshire, to recruit the 
 army at New York, where he performed 
 various laborious services, and suffered 
 numerous privations and hardships. In 
 the year 1777, Col. Gregg and James 
 Betton, Esq., were appointed agents to 
 proceed to the seat of government, then 
 at Baltimore, where they obtained and 
 
 brought to the New England states, «p. 
 wards of $1,100,000, for the porpose of 
 prosecuting the war. After making dis- 
 bursements to Gen. Clinton in New 
 York, and at Hartfcrd, Conn., be re- 
 turned to Boston, and from thence to his 
 native state, where he received the thanks 
 of the Legislature for his services. 
 
 " In the same year he sustained a com- 
 mission of Lieut.- Colonel in the briga4le 
 commanded by the intrepid and immortal 
 Stark, a id commanded the van-guard in 
 the mei orable battle of Bennington, 
 where he was honored by the confidence 
 and approbation of that dbnnfoished 
 officer. 
 
 " At the close of the war be retired 
 to his farm, and emploved himself in the 
 delightful pursuits of husbandry, till 
 within a few years of his death. He 
 deceased at Londonderry, on the 1 6th 
 September, 1824, at the age oi 93. 
 
 " The leading feature in the character 
 of Col. Gregg was perseverance. What- 
 ever he undertook, he saw accotnpiithcd. 
 In the prime of life, his industry and 
 resolution in the discharge oi bis affairs 
 was unrivalled. Those who were in bis 
 employ, partook of the same spirit, for 
 he went forward and cheered them, 10 
 the midst of severe toil, with talcs of 
 ' high em prize ' and pleadng anecdote. 
 He inherited the spirit oi hospitality, fat 
 which the emigrants of Ireland have long 
 
Lieut. HadderCs yournal. 123 
 
 200 Men under his command, to stop their march. 
 In the evening I had information by express, that 
 there was a large body of the Enemy on their 
 way, with their field Pieces, in order to march 
 thro, the country, commanded by Governor 
 Skeene. The 14th I marched with my Brigade, 
 and a few of this State's Militia to oppose them, 
 and to cover Greggs retreat, who found himself 
 unable to withstand their superior number; 
 about four miles from this Town I accordingly 
 met him on his return, and the Enemy close in 
 pursuit of him, within half a Mile of his rear, 
 but when they discover'd me, they presently 
 halted on a very advantageous piece of ground ; 
 I drew up my little Army on an eminence, in 
 open view of their encampment but could not 
 bring them to an engagement ; I marched back 
 about a Mile and there encamped. I sent out a 
 few Men to Skirmish with them, killed thirty of 
 them and two Indian Chiefs. The 15th it 
 rained all day; I sent out parties to harrass them. 
 The 1 6th I was joined by this State's Militia, 
 and those of Berkshire County. I divided my 
 Army into three divisions, and sent Colo'l 
 Nicholas ''" with 250 men on the rear of their 
 
 been signalized. His home w.is alw.iys the good he had done his country." 
 
 the resting place of the weary, and none [» B. I., 516, 517.] 
 
 left it without feasting on the bounties 
 
 of his board. Youth and age were da. The following notice of Colonel 
 
 deliglued in his company, and his hos- (afterwards General) Nichols is taken from 
 
 pitality gained him numerous friends, in an Historical Sketch of Amherst, Hilli- 
 
 addition to those who esteemed him for borough Co., New Hampshire, by John 
 
124 Lieut. HadderCs ^Journal, 
 
 left Wing, Col. Henrick, ^^ in the rear of their 
 Right with 300 men, order'd when joined to 
 attack the same. In the meantime I sent 300 
 
 Freeman. *' On the 23d of May, 1790, 
 died the Hon. Moses Nichols of Am- 
 betst, N. H. He wai a native of Read- 
 ing, Mattachusetts. He had serveJ. Hit 
 itowa«mea in the capacity of delegate to 
 tliie Convention which assembled in 1778 
 Um forming a pernaanent plan, or system 
 of ^oTcmment, on certain established 
 pr. -,"-le», and a representative to the 
 gcne.^ court three years. Ardently 
 attacbci to the principles of liberty, he 
 took a conspicuous part in the revolution 
 which established our independence. He 
 WMapp<Mnted Colonel of the Sixth Regi- 
 ment of militia 6tb December, 1776, and 
 commanded a regiment under Gen. 
 Stark, and was in the engagement at 
 Bcnniogtun. 
 
 ** Betide hit military services, he was 
 mehil at a physician in this place, where 
 be practised many years. He was 
 register of deeda for the county of Hills- 
 boroagh, from 1776 to his death. This 
 office with many others oi trust and re- 
 sponsibility, it is believed, he discharged 
 with fidelity 
 
 "Gen. Nichols left nine children: 
 Hannah, Moses, Joseph, Elizabeth, 
 Eaton, Perkins, Mary, Pearson and 
 Cbaritj. Mote* is a physician and re- 
 ■det [1837] in Sherbrooke, Lower 
 Canada."' One of Gen. Stark's letters 
 to Pietident Weare, of New Hampshire, 
 shows that Gen. Nichols was in service 
 if arch 18, 1 78 1.* ['I. 0.97. «L. F. 
 zio.J 
 
 ib. Col. Simuel Herrick, not Hen- 
 rick at Madden has it, is the person 
 referred to in the text. He went 
 to Bennington, in that state, about the 
 y^ar 17^8, and resided about two miles 
 west ai the meeting house, but left the 
 town and state saan after the close of the 
 
 Revolutionary war, removing to Spring- 
 field, Montgomery Co., New York ; and 
 nothing is known of his previous or sub- 
 sequent life. Early in 1775 he was a 
 captain, and to him was entrusted the 
 duty of arresting Major Skene, the 
 younger, which constituted a part of the 
 expedition against Ticonderoga and Crown 
 Point under Ethan Allen and Seth 
 Warner. Accordingly on the 9th of 
 May, 1775, Capt. Herrick, with 30 men, 
 proceeded to Skenesborough and took 
 Skene the younger, his aunt, two sisters, 
 and a man named Brook, prisoners, and 
 seized a schooner and several batteaux, 
 which were sent to Ticonderoga. 
 
 " Major Skene's estate," wrote Capt. 
 Elisba Phelps, commissary of the expedi- 
 tion, to the Connecticut General Assem- 
 bly, " we have put into the care oi Capt. 
 Noah Lee, a man of good character and 
 capable of taking care of the business 
 well. The people on the grants are in 
 much distress for want of provisions. 
 The iron work mutt be carried 0.1 for 
 the benefit of the people here, but it 
 would not do by no means to have .Mr. 
 Brooks stay here, as he was looked upon 
 to be a bigger enemy to his country than 
 Major Skene, and 'tis an easy matter to 
 send an Indian to Canada, and inform 
 them on all schemes and plans. One 
 enemy in the city is worse than ten out- 
 side." July 15, 1777, the Vermont 
 Council of Safety commissioned him 
 " Lieuten.int Colonel Commandant of a 
 Regiment of Rangers Raised within this 
 State for the Immediate defence thereof, 
 and to be under the Special direction of 
 this Council or the Commander in Chief of 
 the Army Commanding the department 
 on the East side of the Hudson's River." 
 and his commission remained in force till 
 the first day of the next January. He 
 
Lieut, Hadden s JournaL 125 
 
 men to oppose the enemies front to draw their 
 attention that way ; soon after I detached the 
 
 took an active part in the atfair at Ben- 
 nington, and Gordon, in his history, in 
 giving an account of the action, speaks 
 of ' the superior military skill ' oi Colonels 
 Warner and Herrick at being of great 
 service to Gen. Stark. Col. Herrick 
 with his rangers in conjunction witii Col. 
 John Brown of PittsAeld, made an 
 attempt in September, 1777, to cut Bur- 
 goyne's communication with Canada. 
 Though the attack on Diamond Island 
 in Lake George, and on the main works 
 ■t Ticonderoga, failed of success, yet they 
 captured some minor posts as well as 
 some of the outworks of Ticonderoga, 
 took 293 prisoners, including eleven 
 officers, a quantity of provisions, and a 
 number of arms, and released 100 Amer- 
 icans who had been made prisoners at the 
 battle of Hubbardton. The Council re- 
 turned Col. Herrick and his corps "sin- 
 cere thanks " for their spirited conduct 
 in this enterprise, and, on Nov. aoth. 
 Col. Herrick received this appreciative 
 letter : 
 
 " In Council, Bennington, 
 
 20th Nov.^ ^111- 
 " Dka* Col'o : In consequence of your 
 Letter of the 14th Inst., requesting to be 
 removed to this or some place Nigh this, 
 the Council immediately Sent an Express 
 to General Gates with a Copy of your 
 Letter, as also a Copy of Gen. Powels 
 Letter to you, it your answer. The ex- 
 press has this moment Returned. In- 
 closed you have a Copy of the General's 
 letter, which I think does you and the 
 State of Vermont great honor, & by 
 which you will find the General's appro 
 bation on your Regiments being Dis- 
 missed. The Council therefore order 
 that your Regiment be Dismissed imme- 
 diately as soon as this Comes to hand 
 unless it will be a means of Frustrating 
 some plans which you have in prosecu- 
 tion. You will be able to judge in that 
 
 affair. I am directed by Council to 
 return you and the Regiment under your 
 Command, both officers & soldiers, their 
 Hearty thanks for their good services to 
 this & the United States. The Council is 
 also requested by the Hon'ble Major 
 General Gates to return you his thanks 
 for the good services of your Regiment, 
 which you will see by his Letter inclosed. 
 I am Sir. sincerely 
 
 your Humble Servant, 
 by order of Counsel, 
 Colo. Herrick. Josefh Fay, Sec'y." 
 
 Gen. Gates's epistle, referred to in the 
 above letter, elicited this response from 
 Col. Herrick. 
 
 " Pawlet, November a7th, 1777. 
 
 " Dear General : The Honour you 
 have been pleased to confer on the State 
 of Vermoni, and the Troops under my 
 Command which were raited by authority 
 of that State, in giving your approbation 
 and applause to the service performed by 
 them, not only compensates for the 
 fatigues and Injuries we have sustained, 
 but call upon me for returns of Gratitude. 
 Such unexpected Tokens of your gene- 
 rosity, I consider as an Earnest to Engage 
 us with double Zeal and faithfulness at 
 any future Period in the Service for the 
 Interest of the free and Independent 
 States of America. Be pleased Sir, to ex- 
 cept of my Humble and Harty Thanks, 
 accompanied with those of the officers 
 and soldiers of my regiment, for the 
 Honour conferred on us by your applause 
 and approbation of our Services. Heartily 
 Wishing that you may Live Long a re- 
 warder of Merrit, and Whilst you 
 continue Commander in Chief in the 
 Northern department, may you never 
 want faithfull Men to assist your Military 
 Opperations nor Good Soldiers to fight 
 Victorious Battles with you, and when 
 satisfied with the thanks. Good wishes, 
 
126 Lieut, HadderCs 'Journal, 
 
 Colonels Hubbard ^^^ and Stickney ^^ on their 
 Right Wing with 200 Men to attack that part ; 
 all which plans had their desired effect. Col 
 Nichols sent me word that he stood in need 
 
 and acclamations of Thousands, whu 
 calls you friend, Benefactor and Saviour 
 of this Country, may succeeding endless 
 Ages proclaim your Virtues, and your 
 unparalld Actions fill the splendid Pages 
 of American Annals with unfading Glory 
 and Lustre. 
 
 I have the Honour to be Dear General 
 Your honour's most 
 
 Obedient Hum'le Ser't 
 
 Sam'l Herrick. 
 The Hon'ble Maj. Gen'l Gates." 
 
 It was proposed to send an expedition 
 to Canada in the spring of 1778, and as 
 early as in January of that year recruiting 
 for it commenced, but the expedition 
 being speedily abandoned, the recruiting 
 ceased. Lieut. -Colonel Herrick, how- 
 ever, became colonel of the Second Regi- 
 ment of Vermont Militia in the spring 
 of 1778, after which date no further 
 notice of him has been found. [M L. 
 13s, i6o, 176, 185, 198, an, 259: 
 G. B. 29s : C. M. 170, 176 : D. R.] 
 
 dc. Col. David Hobait, and not 
 Hubb-^rd as Hadden has it, is the person 
 referred to in the text. 
 
 The following is borrowed from a foot 
 note to p. 320, vol. 11, of the report of 
 the Adjutant General of New Hamp- 
 shire for 1866. 
 
 Col. David Hobart was of Plymouth, 
 and had command of "the nth regi- 
 ment of N. H. militia." He was ori- 
 ginally from HoUis, and moved to Ply- 
 mouth under the patronage of Samuel 
 Cummings Esq., of Hullis, who was a 
 large proprietor in the township of Ply- 
 mouth. Col. Hobart fought with great 
 bravery in the battle of Bennington, and 
 eceived due credit from his general on 
 
 that occasion. He, with Col. Stickney, 
 led the detachment against the tory breast 
 work where there was the most desperate 
 fighting. The Tories expected no quarter, 
 and gave none — fighting to the last like 
 tigers. They were completely sur- 
 rounded within their fortifications, and 
 the work of death was finished with 
 bayonets and clubbed muskets. Hobart 
 and Stickney saw the work thoroughly 
 done. Stark had ordered the men, as 
 thry passsed through a field of corn, to 
 put a husk of corn in each one's hat. 
 This precaution was a great benefit. As 
 the Tories were dressed like themselves, 
 in their 'working clothes,' the corn 
 husks, under the hat band, served to 
 distinguish friends from foes, and a man 
 without a husk in his hat was 31 re to be 
 visited by a bayonet or the breech of a 
 musket. 
 
 After the war was over, Col. Ho- 
 bart, having lost his wife, married a 
 widow of Haverhill, Mass., and moved 
 to that town where he died soon after. 
 This fact accounts for the mystery that 
 has existed as to him. Gen. Stark, in 
 his report, called him Col. Hubbard, and 
 Dr. Belknap and other historians have 
 followed his error. Living and dying 
 out of the state, there was little chance 
 of correcting the error, and not until 
 lately, did any one know who was Col. 
 Huhbard, tiiat led in the att. V upon 
 the Tory breastwork at Bcnning', n. 
 
 dJ. Tiionias Stickney was the eldest 
 son of Jeremiah Stickney by i^lizabeth, 
 his wife, and was burn in Bradford, 
 Massachusetts, probably about the year 
 1729, as it is known that his next younger 
 brother was born April 24, 1 731. When 
 Thomas was about two years old his 
 
Lieut, HaddetCs JournaL 127 
 
 of a reinforcement, which I readily granted, 
 consisting of 100 Men at which time he com- 
 menced the attack precisely at 3 o'clock in the 
 afternoon, which was followed by all the rest. 
 I pushed forward the remainder with all speed. 
 
 father remo\*d with hii family to Pena- 
 cook, New Hampshire, which, in the 
 latter part of 1733-4, was incorporated ai 
 the township of Kumford, and in 1765, 
 became the parish, and lubaequently the 
 town, and then the city of Concord. 
 Jeremiah Stickney, the father, wai a 
 Taluable citifen, and held many offices, 
 both civil and military, until his death in 
 1763. As early as January 1731-3, he 
 is referred to as ensign, in 1746, as 
 lieut., and in 1761 as Col. Jeremiah 
 Stickney. In that fi-ontier settlement in 
 those early days Indian depredations were 
 frequent, and the first mention found 
 of Thomas Stickney is in 1746, when 
 by the " committee of militia fni set- 
 tling the Garrisons in the frontier Towns 
 and Plantations in the Sixth Regiment 
 of Militia in this Province," (New 
 Hampshire), he was " ordered and 
 stated" to "the Garrison round the 
 house of Lieut. Jeremiah Stickney," his 
 father. His brother William was cap- 
 tured by tlie Indians in 1746, and after 
 a year's captivity, was drowned while 
 making his escape. 
 
 Between 1767 and 1797, Thomas 
 Stickney was rarely without a town office 
 of some sort, for he held all kinds and 
 descriptions from Moderator to Ho^reeve, 
 and frequently several at a time ; thus, 
 in 177 1, he was aTythingman, a Fence- 
 vjewtr, and a Hogreeve; in 1774, a Se- 
 lectmen, a Tytliingman, and a Surveyor 
 of Highways; and in 1777, Moderator, 
 Representative to the General Assembly, 
 and a member oi the Committee of 
 Safety. He seems likewise to have been 
 active in the militia, as he is referred to in 
 1767, as lieut., in 1770 as captain, and in 
 
 1774, as Col. Thomas Stickney. Jan. 
 20, 1774, he was commissioned as lieut - 
 colonel of the ijth Regiment of New 
 Hampshire militia, the colonel being 
 Andrew McMillan. The militia offi- 
 cer of that day must have presented a 
 striking appearance according to the fol- 
 lowing order prescribing the uniform of 
 the 15th New Hampshire, viz : — "The 
 officers to wear red coats, cuft'd, lin'd, 
 and lapel'd with sky-blue. Sky-blue 
 waistcoats and breeches, all trim'd with 
 white. Black hats with silver hat-bands, 
 button and loops, without lace. White 
 stockings, cockade, sash and white gor- 
 gets. Swords with silver hilts. Captains 
 and Lieutenants to carry fusees. Field 
 officers to wear silver shoulder knots. 
 " By order of His Excellency, 
 '* John Wentworth, EsQ;, 
 
 *■ Captain-General. 
 " February 15, 1 774. 
 
 " The exercise or discipline ordered to 
 be observed and practised in this regi- 
 ment is that composed for the use of and 
 practised by the Militia of the County 
 of Norfolk, in Great Britain. 
 " By order of His Excellency," &c. 
 
 The fact that Col. Stickney was upon 
 the committee of safety for several years 
 and commanded a militia regiment, 
 proves that he was an active patriot in 
 the Revolution.' He signed himself 
 in a communication to the New Hamp- 
 shire committee of safety dated Aug. 28, 
 1776, "Colonel of the 13th Regiment 
 of the Colony of New Hampshire,*" but 
 the next year, according to the Report 
 of the Adjutant General of New Hamp- 
 shire for 1866, Tol. 1, page 3SI, note, he 
 commanded "the nth regiment of 
 
128 Lieut » Hadden's yournaL 
 
 Our People behaved with the greatest spirit and 
 bravery immaginable ; had they been Alexanders 
 or Charleses of Sweden, they cou'd not have 
 behaved better ; the Action lasted two Hours 
 at the expiration of which time we forced their 
 Breast-work at the muzzles of their Guns, took 
 two Pieces of Brass Cannon, with a nujiiber of 
 Prisoners ; but before I cou'd get them into 
 
 militia.*' He did good service under 
 Stark at the battle of Bennington, where 
 his regiment with Col. Hobart's at- 
 tacked and carried the tory redoubt.3 
 
 Much has been written by American 
 writers about the cruelty of American 
 loyalists to their patriot neighbors, but 
 less stress has usually been laid, by such 
 writers, upon the cruelty of American 
 patriots to their loyalist neighbors. 
 Caleb Stark in his Memoir and Official 
 Correspondence of Gen. John Stark, in 
 speaking of the prisoners taken at Ben- 
 nington, says, — " The Hessians and Eng 
 lish were treated as prisoners of war, 
 and marched from the field in their 
 ranks ; but the tories, 152 in number, 
 were tied in pairs ; to each pair a horse 
 was attached by traces with, in some 
 cases, a negro, for his rider ; they were 
 led away amid the jeers and scold's of the 
 Tictors — the good house-wives of Ben- 
 nington taking down beds to furnish 
 cords for the occasion. Many of their 
 neighbours had gone over to the enemy 
 the day before the battle." [p. 63.] In 
 the same volume a soldier ot Col. Stick- 
 ney's regiment describes the battle of 
 Bennington, and among other things, 
 says, " One tory, with his left eye shot 
 out, was led in, mounted on a horse, 
 who had also lost his left eye. It seems 
 to me cruel now — it did not then." 
 [p. 69]. The Council of Bennington in 
 Jan. 1778, devised a punishment for 
 tories that possessed more ingenuity than 
 humanity. The Council's order pro- 
 
 ceeds as follows : — " Let the overseer of 
 the tories detach ten of them, with 
 proper officers to take the charge, and 
 march them in two distinct files from 
 this place through the Green Moun- 
 tains, for breaking a path through the 
 snow. Let each man be provided with 
 three days provisions ; let them march 
 and tread the snow in said road of suita- 
 ble width for a sleigh and span of horses ; 
 order them to return, marching in 
 the samr manner, with all convenient 
 speed. Let them march at 6 o'clock to- 
 morrow morning." [Idem, p. 63, 
 note.] 
 
 Col. Stickney lived and died in Con- 
 cord, his death occurring Jan. 26, 1809. 
 He married Anna Osgood, by whom he 
 had eight children, the eldest having 
 been born Dec. 7, 1753; and some of 
 his descendants still survive. Col. Stick- 
 ney was manifestly one of the richest 
 residents in the town in 1778, as the 
 town rates fur that year show that but 
 three individuals and two Arms paid 
 more tax than he. The old Stickney 
 mansion, which was built b^ Col. Jere- 
 miah Stickney, the father of Col. Thomas 
 Stickney, and was formerly a garrison- 
 house, is still standing in Concord. 
 From time to time it has been enlarged 
 and modified, but it still retains its 
 venerable appearance, and it hat been 
 occupied from the beginning down to the 
 present day by successive generations of 
 the Stickney family.i ['B. F. '1,1205. 
 31. N. 321, note.] 
 
Lieut, Hadden's yournal, 129 
 
 proper form, I received intelligence, that there 
 was a large reinforcement within two Miles of 
 us on their march, which occasioned us to renew 
 our attack ; but luckily for us Col. Warners 
 Regiment came up which put a stop to their 
 Career. We soon rallied and in a few minutes 
 the Action began very warm and desperate, 
 which lasted 'till night ; we used their own 
 Cannon against them, which proved of great 
 Service to us. At Sunset we obliged them to 
 retreat a second time, we then pursued 'till 
 dark, when I was obliged to halt for fear of 
 killing my own Men ; we took two Pieces 
 more of their Cannon, together with all their 
 Baggage, a number of Horses, Carriages, &c, 
 killed upwards of 200 of the Enemy on the Field 
 of Battle ; the number of the wounded is not yet 
 known, as they are scatter'd about in many 
 places. 
 
 I have I Lieut. Col'l since dead, i Major, 7 
 Captains, 14 Lieut'ts, 4 Ensigns or Cornets, i 
 Judge Advocate, i Baron, 2 Canadian Officers 
 6 Sergean . i Aid de Camp, i Hessian Chaplain 
 3 Hessian Surgeons and 700 Prisoners. I en- 
 close you a copy of Gen'l Burgoyne's instructions 
 to Col. Baume, who commanded the detach- 
 ment that engaged us ; our wounded are 42, 
 10 Privates and four Officers belonging to my 
 Brigade are dead ; The dead and wounded of 
 the other Corps I do not know, as they have not 
 
 17 
 
130 Lieut, Hadden*s Journal, 
 
 brought in their return as yet, I am Gentle- 
 men with the greatest regard and respect, 
 Your most obedient humble serv't 
 
 John Stark 
 Brigadier Gen'l. 
 
 P. S. I think we have returned the Enemy a 
 proper compliment in the above action for the 
 Hubbartown engagement." 
 
 Extract from a Rebel paper — the above being 
 with Baume's instructions published by order. 
 The following Resolve may serve to show the 
 situation of the Gen'ls wardrobe and what the 
 General Assembly thought a proper reward for 
 Victory. Extracted as above. 
 
 " The following Letter to the Honorable 
 Brigadier Gen'i Starks, and Resolve passed the 
 General Assembly of this State (New Hampshire) 
 on Friday last. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 The General Assembly of this State, take the 
 earliest opportunity to acknowledge the receipt 
 of your acceptable present — The tokens of victory 
 gained at the Memorable Battle of Bennington. 
 The events of that day strongly mark the bravery 
 of the Men, who, unskilled in War, forced from 
 their intrenchments, a chosen number of Veteran 
 Troops, of boasted Britons ; as well as the address 
 & valour of the General, who directed their 
 
Lieut, Hadden's Journal, 131 
 
 movements and led them on to conquest. This 
 signal exploit open'd the way to a rapid suc- 
 cession of advantages most important to America. 
 These trophies shall be safely deposited in the 
 archives of the State, and there remind posterity, 
 of the ir resist able power of the God of Armies ^ 
 and the honors due to the memory of the Brave. 
 Still attended with like successes may you long 
 enjoy the just reward of your grateful Country. 
 
 Resolved unanimously, that the Board of War 
 of this State, be, and hereby are directed in the 
 ' name of this Court, to present to the Honorable 
 Brigadier General Starks, a compleat suit of 
 Clothes becoming his Rank, together with a 
 piece of Linnen ; As a Testimony of the high 
 sense this Court have of the great and important 
 Services render'd by that brave Officer, to the 
 United States of America. 
 
 Finis 
 
 It was remarked upon the above reward That 
 either the General was Stark naked or Congress 
 stark mad. 
 
 J. H. 
 
 From everything the Army could learn, the 
 plan of operations for this expedition was in- 
 finitely too large for its numbers, and it might 
 have been known that the Inhabitants were in 
 general unfriendly. The meeting Gen'l Stark 
 
132 Lieut, Hadden's yournal, 
 
 was accidental, he being on his way to join their 
 main Army near Albany. 
 
 As for Col. Skeene, with the best intentions 
 in the world, he was a famous marplot, 
 and Ministry were highly culpable in recom- 
 mending him to the confidence of Gen'l 
 Burgoyne which I hear is the case. He acted 
 
 like a showing his powers to every Man 
 
 who pretended to be friendly, among which 
 number were many of the Rebel Soldiers, who 
 to remove doubts took the Oath's of allegiance 
 and were told to wear White Papers in their 
 Hats, that, being the distinguishing mark of 
 Friends, to crown the folly of this farce they 
 were permitted immediately to return, in fact, 
 to join their respective Corps in the Rebel 
 Army. 
 
 The trusting so important an affair to a Man 
 who cou'd not utter one word of English when 
 " insinuations " were required and address ex- 
 pected certainly can hardly be palliated by the 
 jealous} of Gen'l Reidesil from a wish to employ 
 the Germans on some important enterprize. '^^ 
 Because the Regiment of Dragoons were to be 
 mounted surely it was no reason they shou'd 
 be detached with Swords weighing at least 10 or 
 
 de. This statement is utterly incon- that the British sought to cast as much 
 
 tistent with Gen. Riedesel's to be found responsibility for the Bennington failure 
 
 in vol. I, of his Memoirs, Letters and upon the Germans as possible, and not 
 
 Tournali; and it must be borne in mind always with strict justice. 
 
Lieut. Hadden's JournaL 133 
 
 12 Pounds, particularly as Dragoons cannot be 
 expected to march or manouvre well on Foot 
 and be expert at Treeing or Bush fighting, a 
 task the British Light Infantry of this Army are 
 not fully equal to. Tho. Col. Baume (as might 
 be expected from a good Officer in his own line 
 of Service) took an advantageous post, he ex- 
 tended his front too much (occupying above \ a 
 Mile) and thus weaken'd the whole ; He had 
 an English Engineer with him Lieut D — ^f 
 who very judiciously threw up his works on the 
 side of the Hill and the Enemy coming in his 
 Rear of course soon made an attack in front 
 certain of success. 
 
 The day of the Action (very unfortunately for 
 himself & Party) a half Pay Captain in the 
 British Army with 90 Men on their way to the 
 Army met with Lt. Col. Baume and remain'd 
 with him, these unfortunate Men made a 
 noble resistance from behind a Stone Fence, but 
 overpower'd by numbers their leader, whose 
 
 df. Andrew Durnford, whom Had- 
 den refer* to in the text, entered the 
 corps of Royal Engineers July 28, 1769, 
 as a practitioner engineer and ensign, 
 and was promoted to be a sub-engineer 
 and lieutenant March 6, 1775.' He 
 was onz of the engineers on Burgoyne's 
 expedition, and accompanied Baum to 
 Bennington where he was taken pris- 
 oner.' One of the maps in Burgoyne's 
 State of the Expedition was drawn by 
 this officer, and is entitled " Position of 
 the Detachment under Lieut.-Col. Baum, 
 at Walnnscock near Bennington. Shew- 
 
 ing the Attacks of the Enemy on the 
 i6th of August, 1777. Drawn by 
 Lieut. Durnford, Engineer." Fro-n 
 1779 to 1782 he was an assistant deputy 
 quarter-master-general, at first in New 
 York, and afterwards in Georgia. 3 He 
 became a captain-lieutenant and captain 
 in the Engineers Oct. i, 1784; a major 
 in the army May 6, 1795 ; and his 
 name appears in the Army Lists for the 
 hat time in i799.« [ ' B H. »K,. M. 
 255 : D. R. 3D. P: H. B; G. S. 
 4S7-] 
 
 \..% 
 
134- Lieut, Hadden's yournal. 
 
 name was Depeyster ^9 and most of the Party 
 fell ; of those who escaped the first onset and 
 were taken many were killed in Cool blood or 
 otherwise treated with the utmost cruelty : this 
 at once held forth a shocking example and 
 deterr'd any others of our friends from join- 
 ing us. 
 
 It does not appear that the Dragoons made 
 any violent efforts, the Indians to a Man, and 
 most of the Canadians Ran away at first and got 
 safe in to us. Luke Le Corn <'^^ and his Son in 
 
 dg. No officer named Depeyster be- 
 ing known to have participated in the 
 battle ot Bennington it is believed that 
 Hadden confounded the name with that 
 of Pbister, as an half-pay officer of this 
 latter name joined Baum very much as 
 he attributes to " Depeyster." Francis 
 Phister, or Pfiiter, as he is called 
 in the earlier Army Lists, entered the 
 6oth, or Royal American Reg't of Foot, 
 as an ensign Sept. 15, 1758, and was 
 promoted to a lieutenancy Sept. 18, 
 1760. Although his name does not ap 
 pear on the half pay list prior to 1773, 
 yet he undoubtedly went upon half-pay 
 and returned to active service, or else he 
 IcMt prioriiy in regimental rank for some 
 unexplained reason, as in later Army Lists 
 his regimental rank in the 60th is given 
 as Oct. 9, 1767, with army rank from 
 Sept. 18, 1760, the date of his original 
 regimental commission in that grade. 
 He was present March 11, 1768, at a 
 council with the Six Nations,Coghnawaga 
 Confederacy and the Cherokee deputies, 
 held in the cojncil room at Johnson 
 Hall; and in 1773, ^^ exchanged on to 
 the half-pay of Capt. Joseph Hopkins' 
 Independent Company of Rangers, his 
 name appearing on that list as late as 
 
 1783, some half dozen years after his 
 death. Upon retiring from active mili- 
 tary service he settled about half a mile 
 west from Hoosick four corners, Ver- 
 mont. In the early part of 1776 there 
 seemed to have been some doubt which 
 side he would espouse, as Gen. Schuyler 
 was then expecting to obtain his services 
 for the Americans, as appears from that 
 officer's letter to the President of Con- 
 gress dated Albany, Feb. 20, 1776, and 
 which contains this language ; — " I find 
 that Mr. Phister, whom I mentioned at 
 an Engineer, cannot be procured. What 
 shall we do for proper persons to fill that 
 branch }" Burgoyne's successes decided 
 Phister's course, however, and he com- 
 manded a party of tories in the battle of 
 Bennington, where he was mortally 
 wounded. Hon. L. B. Armstrong of 
 Dorset, Vt., has this officer's commission 
 as a lieutenant in the Royal Americans, 
 dated Sept. 18, 1760, his draughting in- 
 struments, and a beautifully drawn map 
 of the route from St. John's via Lake 
 George and the Hudson, to New York 
 city. [M. N. 154, 158, 186: M. L. 
 176: F. 1215: B. H: I, R. 51.] 
 
 dh. See appendix 17. 
 
Lieut, HadderCs JournaL 135 
 
 Law M. Lenodter^ '^» the former Commanding 
 the Indians (famous for his cruehies to the 
 English Prisoners during the last War) and the 
 latter the Canadians were among the first who 
 got in, and scarce making a stop at the Army 
 their panic made them proceed to Canada, where 
 they were followed by most of the Indians : 
 Had Gen'l Burgoyne known of this, further 
 flight he declared he wou'd have secured the 
 Heroes as Deserters ; in Canada they were out 
 of his power and cou'd tell their own Story. 
 
 A di. Charles Louis Tarieu de Lanaudiere 
 ii the persun alluded to by Hadden in 
 the text as M. Lenodier. He was de- 
 scended from one of the oldest and most 
 distinguished families of the Canadian 
 noblesse. His great-grandfather, who 
 originally belonged in Guienne, in France, 
 went to Canada towards the middle of 
 the 17th century as an officer in the 
 Regiment de Carignan, and settled 
 there. His father was a military officer, 
 became aide major of Quebec, and served 
 against the English at the battle before 
 Ticondtroga July 8, 1758, and in the 
 campaign of 1759; receiving as a reward 
 the cross of the Royal and Military 
 Order of St. Louis. Charles Louis 
 Tarieu de Lanaudiere, the only child 
 that attained majority, of Charles Fran- 
 cois Xavier Tarieu de Lanaudiere by his 
 first wife, Genevieve Deschamp de Bois- 
 hebert, was born October 15, 1743. 
 Following in the footsteps of his ancestry 
 he embraced a military life and very 
 early entered the Regiment de la Sarre, 
 in which he was a lieutenant and aide 
 major at the battle of St. Foy, April 28, 
 1760, where he was severely wounded. 
 When Canada became a British pos- 
 session Lanaudiere, with his father, 
 paued OYcr into France ; but, resigning 
 
 his commission in the French army, ha 
 returned to Canada in 1763, and became 
 a British subject. He visited Europe 
 more than once, and after the conquest 
 resided sometime in EnglaTtd where he 
 entered the most aristocratic society and 
 spent his money like a lord among the 
 British noblemen, so that his father 
 laid, — Should I put my son in one scale 
 and the gold that he has cost me before 
 receiving his portion, in the other, the 
 latter would much outweigh him. He 
 married Elizabeth de Chapt de la Corne, 
 daughter of La Corne St. Luc, at Mon- 
 treal, April 10, 1769. At the outbreak 
 of hostilities between Great Britain and 
 her American colonies, he sided with 
 the former, and, on the invasion of 
 Canada, he took an active part in in- 
 citing the Canadians to arms and in re- 
 pelling the invaders. When in No- 
 vember, 1775, it became apparent that 
 Montreal must fall into Montgomery's 
 hands, Lanaudiere, who was one of Gen. 
 Carleton's aids, accompanied his chief on 
 the flight to Quebec ; and during the 
 siege of the latter city he was inde- 
 fatigable in aiding in its defence. His 
 zeal in this behalf is well illustrated by 
 one of his letters to the Canadian captains 
 of militia written January 4th, 1776, in 
 
136 Lieut, HadderCs journal. 
 
 A report is current in the Army that an old 
 picque between Brymen &c Baume might oc- 
 casion his tardiness, as he was heard to say " We 
 will let them get warm before we reach them," 
 when he heard the firing : It seems to have been 
 reserved for him to give the last blow, as, to lay 
 the fault wholly on his Shoulders wou'd certainly 
 be unjust when almost every person concerned 
 seems to have had a principal share in the 
 disaster. It is also said & the Gen'l Orders 
 seem to countenance such a report, that, the 
 Support grumbling, induced Lt. Col. Brymen to 
 wait unnecessarily for them to Cook their Kettles. 
 Had they arrived in time it is probable the 
 
 which he refers to Montgomery's un- 
 luccesiful assault in this wise : " We have 
 drubbed the Rebels. We have taken 
 seven hundred killed, wounded and pris- 
 oners, and their General, Montgomery. 
 It remains with you to completely diuc 
 away our enemies. We fear nothing 
 here, and will soon give you proofs, 
 my dear (ellow i-itizens. Signalize your- 
 selves to retrieve the honour of the 
 Canadians, and to gain every happiness 
 to your Parish. The others will all 
 follow your example. Two hundred 
 men will destroy the remains of these 
 miserable wretche.", for you will raise all 
 the other Parishes coming down." 
 
 In 1777 M. Lanaudiere accompanied 
 his father in law, La Corne St. Luc, 
 with a mixed band of Indians and Can- 
 adians, upon Burgoyne's expedition ; but 
 he seems not to have taken a very 
 prominent parr in that campaign, and 
 he returned to Canada before the ca- 
 pitulation was consummated. According 
 to Mr. Le Moine, he accompanied Sir 
 
 Guy Carleton to England in 1778, where 
 Geur^-? Ill rewarded him handsomely, 
 as he was cilled to the Legislative Coun- 
 cil of Quebec and appointed deputy post 
 master general of Canada. When it 
 was proposed to change the old French 
 tenure ul land in Canada, Lanaudiere, as 
 a representative of one ot the oldest 
 seignories, cook an active part in the 
 discussions attending that reform. He 
 seems by some to have been conf-iundei 
 with his father, and different u liters as- 
 sign different offices to him. Having 
 lived much in England he spoke English 
 fiuently, and his relatives called him tke 
 Englhhman, as he possessed the colder, 
 less demonstrative manners than the 
 French, that marked the English gentle- 
 man. He died in the Autumn of igii, 
 leaving one daughter that never married. 
 [L. O : F. T. 511-544: A. Y. 129, 
 299. 305. 3°6, 4«4: D. 0^40-4*, 9a- 
 99: G. Y. Y. 106: A. G. 170, i-i, 17a, 
 176: H. S. 284: I. E. 77: F. 854, 
 855.] 
 
Lieut, H addends yournaL 137 
 
 Enemy wou'd have retired, but being attacked 
 severally the Enemy only fought about half their 
 own numbers and Night preserved the Rein- 
 forcement from Baume's fate. 
 
 Wednesday Aug't 27th Gen'l Burgoyne gave 
 orders against employing the Kings Horses or 
 Carriages without being authorised an Officer 
 disobeying these orders to be Cashiered, a Con- 
 ductor or Camp Follower to be tried by a Camp 
 Court Martial. 
 
 N. B. I forgot to mention that, on or about 
 the 14th August a Bridge made of JLo^j chain'd 
 together was completed by Capt Laws (Capt of 
 Artificers), '(^ and the advanced Corps passed over 
 
 d}. George Law, or Lawes, entered 
 the British army Nov. z2, 1756, as a 
 2d lieut. in the 6 lit Foot, which, in 
 1759, formed part of the expedition 
 against the French West India Islands. 
 Dec. 1 3th, in that year, he was promoted 
 to bt 1st lieut. in the 76th Foot, which 
 lerved in the expedition against Belleisle, 
 on the coast of France, in 1761, and 
 against Martinico in 1762, when he 
 obtained a company. He was afterwards 
 stationed in one of the Leeward Islands 
 until the peace of 1763, when his regi- 
 ment W.1S disbanded and he went upon 
 half-pay, where he remained for about 
 five years, his name appearing for the 
 last time on the half pay uf the 76th, in 
 1768.' 
 
 He probably emigrated to Canada prior 
 to the American Revolution, as in a 
 letter from Gen. Carleton to Gen. Howe 
 dated at Quebec, Jan, 12, 1776, the 
 writer, in speaking of Arnold't attack on 
 that part of the lower town called the 
 
 18 
 
 Saut au Matelot, in Montgomery's as- 
 sault on Quebec, Dec. 31, 1775, says, — 
 " A sally from the upper town, under 
 Capt. Laws, attacked their rear, and sent 
 in many prisoners."' It should be borne 
 in mind that during the American inva- 
 sion of Canada, Gen. Carleton was in 
 such sore straits for troops he pressed 
 every one capable of bearing arms into 
 the service ; hence an old retired officer, 
 under such circumstances, would loom 
 into prominence. We likewise find 
 other mention of Capt. Lawes about this 
 time. The following extract from " A 
 journal of the Principal Occurences during 
 the siege of Quebec by the American 
 Revolutionists," edited by W. T. Shortt 
 of H. B. M. 17th Foot, gives us quite a 
 glimpse of the character of this officer. 
 The Journal speaks of the officer making 
 the sortie ordered by Gen. Carleton to 
 issue from the Palace Gate during the 
 siege, as "Capt. Lawes of the Royal 
 Engineers }" but there was no officer of 
 
138 Lieut, H add en's Journal, 
 
 it across the Hudsons River to Saratoga; The 
 swells of the River occasioned by the heavy 
 Rains on the 15th made it break in the middle 
 ye 1 7th, and Aug't 1 8th, the Advanced Corps re- 
 crossed to Batten Kill, the Germans fell back to 
 Fort Edward and the communications with Fort 
 George and Skeensborough were kept up as 
 before the whole were prepared to move forward 
 previous to ye Bennington business. 
 
 dot name in the Royal Engineers at or 
 afccwt that time, nor did Capt. George 
 Lawes eicr belong to that corps : the 
 f£c£T -neftrTcd to, howevr, is unques- 
 tioiiably the subject o\ this sketch. 
 "How »e were conquerors at a juncture 
 whra we imagined all lost," says the 
 jovnaltst, ^ and at a time when we so 
 Ettk expected it, you will now be in- 
 fortDcd, Tiz : — The governor being ap- 
 prised by repeated messengers, some 
 Tolnntary, while others were ordered to 
 cairy him intelligence to the Cistle, in 
 rotatiaa of (^uty, how likely th.; lower 
 was tu tall into the hands of the 
 Bjr, they having lorced our outpost, 
 and nearly gained cur last barrier, he, in 
 consequence of this, with the greatest 
 coolness, ordered an immediate sortie 
 to be made h-om Palace Gate to outflank 
 them, conducted by Captain Lawes of the 
 Royal Engineers, which party was 
 csvcred by a Captain McDougal of the 
 Royal Emigrants, and this body had no 
 aooaer gained the bottom of the hill than 
 they (^ in with the rearguard of the 
 enemy, who were so much confounded 
 at so anezpected an attack, that they 
 immediately threw down their arms, and 
 ■sbmitted themselves prisoners without 
 firing a shot. Capt. Lawes kept boldly 
 advancing (leaving McDougal to dispose 
 of the eaemy who had fallen into his 
 I was thought proper) and toon 
 
 gained the outpost at Saut au Matelot, 
 which he entered without opposition, 
 none of his paity having as yet come up, 
 and rushed into the midst of the rebels 
 crying out, with the greatest mng froid^ 
 'You are all my prisoners.' If the rear 
 party which consisted of upwards of 300, 
 were astonished at being made prisoners 
 so unexpectedly, you may well conceive 
 the surprise of those who had made 
 themselves masters of our post at being 
 addressed in such language. ' How,* 
 said they, ' your prisoners ! you are ours.* 
 ' No, no, my dear creatures,' replied he, 
 'I vow to God >ouare all mine, don't 
 mistake yourselves.' 'But where are 
 your men .?' ' O, ho!' says he, ' make 
 yourselves easy about that matter, they 
 are all about here, and will be with you 
 in a twinkling.' Conversation to that 
 purpose, for near ten minutes, was carried 
 on, during which period a proposal 
 was made to kill him, which w.-.s 
 overruled ; in the interim his party 
 arrived, made themselves masters of the 
 post, and placing the enemy between two 
 lires, secured it, with the assistance of 
 Capt. McDougal. Thus the whole body 
 of the enemy which had taken possession 
 of the Saut au Matelot were made 
 prisoners. In this manner we within 
 the town were released from impending 
 ruin through this unexpected manouvre 
 of the general, by which means their 
 
Lieut, HadderCs JournaL 139 
 
 Battmtn 
 
 2 
 I 
 I 
 
 Thursday 28th — Aug't 29th The following 
 rcf^ulations respecting Servants &c were given 
 in publick Orders (viz) 
 
 Senrantt 
 
 Field Officers i 
 
 Captains i 
 
 Sub'ns of a Company (2) 2 
 
 When the Men's Tents are carried upon Batt- 
 horses a Batt-Man to be allowed each Company, 
 the Batt-men to be always armed and to form 
 the Baggage Guard. 
 
 Aug't 30th — Gen'l Burgoyne order'd a publick 
 Sale of the Horses brought in by the Inhabitants 
 
 whole party wai either killed, wounded 
 or taken prisoners ; among the former 
 were three officers and fifty privates ; 
 forty were wounded." For his brave con- 
 duct in the defence of Quebec, Capt. 
 Lawes received the royal approbation. 3 
 
 He probably joined a provincial corps 
 in 1776, as he was appointed an assist- 
 ant engineer Sept. 14th, in that year ; 
 and in 1777, he was commissioned as a 
 captain in the ist Battalion of the Royal 
 Highland Emigrants, afterwards the 84th 
 Foot, his commission bearing date June 
 list.' He certainly stood high, in 
 Sir Guy Carleton's opinion, as shown by 
 a letter from one of his staff to Major 
 Kingston, then deputy-adjutant-general 
 with Burgoyne, which is as follows : 
 
 "Quebec, 17th August, 5777. 
 
 " The general has lately given a com- 
 pany in fhe Emigrants to Capt. Lieut. 
 Law serving with your army, and if his 
 activity should be so much taken notice 
 of by General Burgoyne (as I make no 
 doubt it will) as it was by General Carle- 
 ton, and he shoulr! be inclined to reward 
 him further by removing him into an 
 
 old corps, I know Sir Guy Carleton if it 
 should be referred to him, would gladly 
 concur with Gen'l Burgoyne."* 
 
 When Capt. Lawes went on Bur- 
 goyne's expedition in 1777, and served as 
 a captain of artificers, he was only a pro- 
 vincial officer, as the Emigrants^ after- 
 wards the 84th, had not then been put 
 upon the regular establishment. H« re- 
 turned to Canada after Burgoyne'i dis- 
 aster, and was appointed Barrack-Master 
 of Montreal and Fort Chambly Nov. 
 20th, 1777.* He is mentioned in the 
 Memoirs of Pierre du Calvet, whom he 
 arrested on suspicion of treasonable prac- 
 tices in 1780.' His name appears in tb 
 Army Lists for the last time in 1782, 
 and he is supposed to have died in the 
 latter part of that year, as Lieut. Laugh- 
 Ian Maclean was gazetted captain of a 
 company in the 84th, vice George 
 Lawes," Jan. 3d, 1783', and Cape. 
 Maclean's commission was dated Oct. 
 17th, 1782 ' ['B. H. ^-F. 656. 3F, 
 B. 188. 'F. B. 671. 5F. E. 88 
 •B. M 76. 'H. Q. 25.] 
 
140 Lieut, Hadden's Journal. 
 
 every day, and forbid any being bought privately 
 as it wou'd prevent a general supply. 
 
 Sept. 2nd General Burgoyne order'd a Corps of 
 Marksmen to be formed, consisting of i Non- 
 commission'd Officer & 16 Men from each of the 
 Fiiie British Regiments : they are to be robusty 
 sober y and Men of good characters. Capt Frazer 
 is to command them and they are to act with the 
 Savages. 
 
 Sept. 3rd The Park of Artillery ^^ came up 
 from Fort George and encamped about 2 
 Miles in our Rear. The additional Companies 
 of the different Regiments joined us from Canada 
 these were about 300 Men. An attempt was 
 made to bring one of the Canadian built Gun 
 Boats from Lake George, but failed of success, 
 the Road being in many places Hilly & Rocky. 
 A number of Batteaux's were brought from Fort 
 Anne to Fort Edward & there launched into the 
 Hudsons River, they were afterwards taken out 
 
 Jk. The Park of Artillery was a place 
 selected by the general of an army to 
 /brm the grand depot of gum, ammuni- 
 tion and icorei, to be in readiness as 
 occasion might require. Attached to the 
 park there were generally as many officers 
 and men of the Royal Artillery as were 
 sufficient to man the reserve guns in the 
 park, and to replace casualties that might 
 happen in the detached guns and bri- 
 gades. If a siege was to be undertaken the 
 number of oHicers and artillery men in 
 the park had of course to be augmented. 
 
 The reserve officers, drivers, and horses, 
 the principal commissary with his assist- 
 ants, and the several necessary artificers 
 were also stationed there. To the park 
 all the brigades and field pieces detached 
 with the army, looked for their resources \ 
 and when anything was requisite, the park 
 was the place whence all supplies were 
 forwarded. The reserve ammunition for 
 the troops was also deposited at the park 
 of artillery, and supplied upon requisi- 
 tion under the orders of the command- 
 ing officer of artillery. [O. N.] 
 
Lieut, HadderCs Journal, 141 
 
 near Fort Miller on account of some shallows 
 and carried 2 or 300 yards on Rollers pushed by 
 Fatigue Parties were again put into the River. 
 
 Sept. 5th The additional Companies wereorder'd 
 to fire Ball and attend drill 4 Hours a day. The 
 Regiments to collect convalescents and settle 
 their Regimental arrangements so that the Ranks 
 may be as strong as possible the next march of 
 the Army. 
 
 Sept. 6th. Gen'l Orders. 
 
 " Ten Men from the Provincials to be em- 
 ployed as Storekeepers and orderly Men to the 
 General Hospital, the Surgeons of Reg'ts to send 
 to the Gen'l Hospital a return of the number of 
 Sick they will be obliged to leave on the Army's 
 moving. A Surgeon of the Hospital will reyiew 
 the Sick upon these Returns, in order to know 
 their exact state, and what time they will again 
 be fit for Service. A noncommiss'd officer to 
 attend the reception of the Sick in the Gen'l 
 Hospital, who is to deliver to the Clerk of the 
 Hospital their Arms, accoutriments & necessaries 
 for which he is to receive a receipt from the 
 Clerk, who will preserve a list in his Orderly 
 Book. Lt. England <^^ of the 47th Reg't is ap- 
 
 ■^ dl. Poole England received three He wai with hit regiment in America at 
 
 commistions in the British army, all in the breaking out of the Revolution, and 
 
 the 47th Foot, and dated at follows, viz ; was wounded at the battle of Bunker 
 
 ensign Njv. 6, 1769; lieutenant April Hill.' He crossed Lake Champlain 
 
 <fi| 1773 i ^■^^ captain May 17, 1782.' with Burgoyne'i expedition in 1777, and 
 
142 Lieut. HadderCs yournal. 
 
 pointed to act as Fort Major at Tyconderoga. 
 The Ammunition to be immediately completed 
 to the original order of 100 Rounds pr. Man. 
 
 Sept. 7th: G. Orders. All Prisoners, except 
 the Military, in the Provost Guard to be brought 
 before the Board of Commissioners ^»» tomorrow 
 morning at 9 o'clock, all witnesses to attend. 
 
 [Two pages left blank here in Lt. Hadden's 
 Journal.] 
 
 Sept. 8th : G. Orders. "A Gen'l Court Martial 
 to sit tomorrow. The Army to receive Provis- 
 ions to the 1 3th Inst. A working Party of 50 
 Men to parade tomorrow morning at 6 o'clock 
 to repair the Roads between this and Fort 
 Edward. 
 
 Sept. 9th — The Gen'l Orders. The Commis- 
 saries to preserve the Salt in the provision Barrels. 
 The whole to march from hence tomorrow 
 morning. The General to beat at 8 o'clock, the 
 Assembly at Nine. The Regiments to march 
 by their Right, the Germans to furnish rear 
 Guards. The Baggage and B. Horses to follow 
 the Line. One Serjeant and Twelve Men to 
 be furnished for a Guard to the Pay Master 
 
 was appointed to act as Fort Major at 
 Ticonderoga Sept. 6, 1777.' Where 
 Lieut. England was captured has not 
 been ascertained, but he was a prisoner 
 on his parole at Montreal Oct. 29, 1777, 
 at which time negotiations for his ex- 
 change were in progress.* His name 
 
 appears in the Army Lists 
 time in 1783.I ['B. H. 
 3E. Z. «D. R.] 
 
 for the 
 •M. E. 
 
 last 
 47- 
 
 dm. Inhabitants who had joined us^ 
 of which Col. Skeene wu president. 
 [HaddttTi Note] 
 
Lieut. HadderCs JournaL 14.3 
 
 General, a Serj't and twelve Men for the Hos- 
 pital, who are also to give every assistance in the 
 removal of the Sick and Wounded. The Gen'l 
 Court Martial is dissolved." 
 
 Brigade Orders by B. G'l Hamilton. 
 
 "The Quarter Masters and Camp Coulour 
 Men <^^* to march at 7 o'clock." This move- 
 ment was deferr'd. 
 
 Sept. loth. Gen'l Orders. The Regiments will 
 march tomorrow in the same order as directed 
 yesterday, the Gen'l will beat tomorrow morning 
 at 8 o'clock and the Assembly at Nine. 
 
 Sept. I ith The Right Wing moved forward 3 
 Miles, and took post near the Cranes^ to which 
 place the Park of Artillery had been advanced 
 some days : Here also about 5 Weeks Provisions 
 for the Army was collected, having been for- 
 warded from ^ebec upwards of four hundred 
 Miles by Land or water. The Batteaux's in 
 which it is to be floated down the River were 
 brought the like distance. 
 
 The Left or German Wing extended in our 
 Rear as far as Duers House ; The Advanced 
 
 dn. Camp-Colouri were a small sort Camp-Colour-men were men who 
 
 of colours placed on the right and left of carried the camp-colours. Each regiment 
 
 the parade of the regiment when in the had generally six, and sometimes one to 
 
 field; they were eighteen inches square, each company: they always marched with 
 
 and of the colour of the facing of the the quarter-matter, to assist in making 
 
 regiment, with the number of the regi- the necessary preparations against the 
 
 ment upon them. The poles were 7 arrival of the regiment in a new en- 
 
 feet 6 inches long, except those of the campment. [G. N.] 
 quarter and rear guards, which were 9 feet. 
 
144 Lieut, HadderCs Journal, 
 
 Corps remained in their post at Batten-Kill. 
 Gen'l Orders. **The Army will be ready to 
 
 move forward tomorrow morning . '* A 
 
 fatigue party of 50 British and 50 Germans to 
 parade at 4 o'clock to load Batteauxs. They 
 will take directions from Cap't Schanks^'^ (of 
 the Navy) and work 'till 9 o'clock. 
 
 Saturday Sept. 1 3th : The Advanced Corps and 
 Right Wing of the Army, with all the Artillery 
 cross'd the Hudsons River on a Bridge of Bat- 
 teauxs near Batten Kill, and encamped at Sarag- 
 toga : we began our march at 2 in ye afternoon. 
 The left wing remained on opposite side of the 
 River, occupying Gen'l Frazer's old post near 
 Batten Kill. 
 
 Gen'l Orders. " The Army may be required 
 to take Arms at the shortest notice, Officers there- 
 fore are not to quit Camp. No Soldier nor 
 follower of the Army is to pass the Fish Kill 
 under pain of the severest punishment. The 
 present post of the Six Companies ^P of the 47th 
 Reg't being destin'd to cover the Depot of Pro- 
 visions, those Companies are not to take any 
 duties in the Line, but will augment their own 
 Picquet to 40 Men, which during the Night will 
 occupy a Post upon the Island, and upon the point 
 of Land on the South side of the Fish Kill where 
 
 dp. The rest were left at Fort George do. See Appendix i8 
 and Diamond Island in Lake George. 
 IHaddtn's Note.'] 
 
Lieut, Hadden*5 JournaL 145 
 
 it falls into the main River. The 20th Reg't will 
 advance four Companies to cover Head Quarters 
 (in Schuylers House), they will bring their Tents 
 and take their orders from Lt. Francis Clark. ^ 
 The Picquets and Quarter Guards of the Line are 
 
 dq. Sir Francis Carr Gierke was 
 a great-great-grandson of Sir John 
 Gierke, first baronet, of Hitcham, 
 in Buckinghamshire, the baronetcy 
 having been created July 13, 1660. Sir 
 Francis was descended from a younger 
 ion, and, upon the extinction of the 
 elder lines, succeeded to the title Feb. 
 12, 1769, as seventh baronet. He was 
 born Oct. 24, 1748, in the parish of 
 St. George, Hanover Square, London, 
 and was the eldest son of Francis Gierke 
 by his wife, Susannah Elizabeth, daughter 
 of Thomas Henry Ashurst, Esq. of Water- 
 stock, in Oxfordshire.' He entered the 
 British military service as an ensign in the 
 Third Foot Guards Jan. 3, 1770; and 
 was promoted to a lieutenancy, July 26, 
 1775, which, owing to the double rank 
 of the Guards, gave him the army rank 
 of captain. He became the adjutant of 
 his regiment Feb. 3, 1776'; and that 
 same year accompanied Gen Burgoyne 
 to America as an aid-de-camp, returning 
 to England with him in November. In 
 1777, when Burgoyne embarked for 
 America to take command of his famous 
 expedition. Sir Francis again accompanied 
 him as private secretary and aid-de-camp.3 
 As a member of the military family of 
 the commander in chief he bore an 
 active part throughout the campaign ; 
 in the last decisive action of which, on 
 the 7th of October, he received a fatal 
 wound. 
 
 Burgoyne's adjutant-general, Lt.-Col. 
 Kingston, testified before the House of 
 Gommons, as follows : — 
 
 '' What was the last time you saw Sir 
 Francis Clarke in that action, and do you 
 know what orders he was carrying? 
 
 19 
 
 " It was after the retreat was become 
 very general. Sir Francis Clarke asked 
 me, if I had given any orders to the 
 artillery to retreat P I tuld him, that as 
 there was a major-general of the artillery 
 in the field, who was confessed by the 
 army to be a very excellent ofHcer, I 
 would not take on myself, as adjutant- 
 general, to give orders to any part of the 
 artillery. Sir Francis Clarke told me, 
 that a disposition had been made for a 
 general retreat, and that he was going 
 with orders from General Burgoyne to 
 bring off the artillery. About the instant 
 we were parting, a very heavy fire came 
 upon us from the enemy, and I have 
 since had reason to believe, that Sir 
 Francis Clarke received his wound at that 
 t me."* 
 
 Gen. Wilkinson gives the following 
 circumstances of Sir Francis's last mo- 
 ments : — 
 
 " When I returned to head -quarter* 
 from the field of battle, I found Sir 
 Francis Clark reposing on General 
 Gates's bed, and those gentlemen engaged 
 in a warm dispute, on the merits of the 
 revolution. Sir Francis admitting that 
 every procedure on our part, short of the 
 declaration of independence, was war- 
 ranted by the conduct of the British 
 administration ; that he had on this 
 ground vindicated us in public and private, 
 but that the sudden act of severance, 
 convinced him that the contest had 
 originated in a premeditated view to in- 
 dependence, into which the colonies had 
 been cheated by the puritans of New 
 England ; and that he, of consequence, 
 had changed his opinion, and taken part 
 against us. On the other hand, Gates 
 
14-6 Lieut, Hadden^s Journal. 
 
 to be posted upon the Right Flank of the en- 
 campment so as to form a Front in the same line 
 of direction with the British Light Infantry : 
 Should it be necessary to form a line of Battle 
 to that Front, the Regiments of the Line will 
 march to it by Two columns, the 9th Regiment 
 
 contended, that the idea of disunion had 
 never entered into the head of any 
 American, until the menaces of the 
 parliament, the repeated oppressive acta of 
 the British government, and the manifest 
 vindictive resentment of the sovereign, 
 left the colonists no alternative between 
 abject vassaiage and self-government. 
 
 " The old General became quite in- 
 censed, and calling me out of the room, 
 asked me if I had ever heard so impudent 
 a son of a b — h. Sir Francis, who was 
 I think a member of parliament, appeared 
 to be an impetuous, high-minded, frank, 
 fearless fellow, for suddenly changing the 
 conversation he inquired of me, 'whether 
 our surgeons were good for anything, as 
 he did not like the direction of his wound, 
 and was desirous to know whether it was 
 mortal or not ?' The following extract 
 of a letter from Dr. Hayes to General 
 dated the 9th October, de 
 Francis's particular case. ' I 
 Sir Francis Clark, and am 
 sorry to inform you that I form some 
 unfavourable opinion of his case. The 
 ball entered his right flank, struck the 
 two last of the fahe ribs, penetrated the 
 cavity of the abdomen, and seems to run 
 towards the spine ; a tension of his belly, 
 and involuntary discharges of urine are 
 bad symptons. He has been attended 
 with great care and tenderness ; I stay by 
 him this night and shall not omit any 
 
 attention for his recovery.' Sir 
 
 Francis died I think the 1 3th, and the 
 day before, questioned Doctor Townsend 
 who attended him, as to the probable 
 issue of the wound, the Doctor felt a 
 reluctance in announcing hit doom, he 
 
 Burgoyne, 
 scribes Sir 
 have seen 
 
 observed it, and remarked ' Doctor why 
 do you pause? do you think I am afraid 
 to die ?' The Doctor then advised him at 
 an act of prudence, to arrange his private 
 afl^airs ; ' thank you Doctor,' replied he, 
 ' I understand you, as to my private 
 aflPairs, my father settled them for me, 
 and I have only a few legacies to bequeath,' 
 among them he gave twenty ^ineat to 
 the matron of our hospital, who had paid 
 particular attention to him. "5 
 
 Wilkinson was mistaken in supposing 
 that Sir Francis then was, or ever had 
 been a member of parliament. 
 
 Sir Francis was a very promising 
 officer. Lt.-Col. Kingston said — ''I 
 never saw an officer more attentive to 
 the duties of his station than Sir Francis 
 Clarke*;" and Burgoyne bore this testi- 
 mony to the merit of the deceased 
 officer — "Sir Francis Clarke, my aid- 
 de-camp, had originally recommended 
 himself to my attention by his talents 
 and diligence : as service and intimacy 
 opened his character mote, he became 
 endeared to me by every quality that can 
 create esteem. I lost in him an useful 
 assistant, an amiable companion, an 
 attached friend : the state was deprived 
 by his death, of one of the fairest prom- 
 ises of an able general. "7 
 
 Sir Francis was never married, and at 
 his death his brother succeeded to the 
 baronetcy. His remains were carried to 
 England in 1777, and deposited in the 
 church at Albany.' ['B. R: I. X. 
 ^pp. 196. 'B. H. 3H. G. a86, 338 : 
 K. 1134: J. H : J. I. 4B. N. 81. 
 5M. T. Z69 note. 'B. N. 75, rB. N. 
 115.] 
 
Lieut. HadderCs yournal, 14.7 
 
 followed by the 21st making the Column of the 
 Right, and the 62nd followed by the 20th 
 making the column of the left, in order to fill 
 up the space between the Corps of Gen'I Frazer 
 and Col. Brymen. Brig. Gen'I Hamilton will 
 order the proper communications for this move- 
 ment, and mark it in such manner to the com- 
 manding officers, that it may be made in the 
 night time and free from confusion. 
 
 When Major Gen'I Phillips shall have directed 
 the Roads proper to be taken for the part the 
 Artillery is to bear in this movement, they are 
 also to be reconnoitred by the respective Officers, 
 that their march may not clash with the columns. 
 If this movement is made the 47th Reg't keeps 
 its ground, and is to defend it to the last against 
 any attack from the other side of the Water; and 
 the four Companies are to take post in the Redout 
 above the Bridge that leads to Head Quarters. 
 In case of any movement on this side the 
 Hudson's River Maj'r Gen'I Reidesil will form 
 the left wing of the Army at the head of their 
 encampment, but not march off the ground. 
 The Quarter Masters and Camp Coulour Men 
 of the left Wing will mark out their ground to- 
 morrow morning, but that Wing is not to pass 
 the River 'till the last of the Depot shall have 
 passed the Bridge ; for the expediting of which 
 purpose all the Departments concerned are to 
 use their utmost diligence. 
 
14.8 Lieut, H addends Journal, 
 
 Sunday Sept. 14th. Geni Ord'rs " Enormous 
 mismanagement has been committed in respect 
 to the Kings Carts which have been allowed for 
 the carriage of Camp Equipage only. Upon the 
 next March the commanding officers of Corps 
 are to be responsible that the Reg'l Q'r Master, 
 or in his absence some other Officer deputed to 
 act for him, inspect the loading of the Carts and 
 suffer no Article beyond the extent of the Order 
 to be put thereon. A Field officer for each 
 Wing is to review the Carts as they pass off, and 
 in case he finds any overloaded he is to direct 
 the improper articles to be thrown off, and left 
 upon the ground, and afterwards report the Regi- 
 ment to which they belong. Any soldier or 
 other person detected in ill treating any Drivers 
 or Horses may expect to be severely punished. 
 During the next marches of the Army the Corps 
 are to move in such a state as to be fit for instant 
 action, it therefore becomes unavoidably neces- 
 sary to circumscribe more than at present, Regi- 
 mental convenience in regard to the attendance 
 upon Baggage, Cattle, & other inferior pur- 
 poses. 
 
 "The Brig. Gen'ls will collect this Evening 
 from ye Commanding Officers of Corps under 
 their command, a Report of the number of Rank 
 & File each Corps can march tomorrow in the 
 Ranks, and account how the absent men are dis- 
 posed of. 
 
Lieut, HadderCs Journal. 149 
 
 It is to be a standing order for the rest of the 
 Campaign, that all Picquets, and Guards are under 
 Arms an hour before daylight every morning and 
 remain so 'till it is compleatly light. All out 
 Posts and Picquets are to send out patroles at this 
 time. The Army will be in readiness to march 
 tomorrow." 
 
 Brig'e Orders. " For the future a line of Pickets 
 is to be made in the Rear of each Regiment at 
 which the Horses are to be tied, and none sufFer'd 
 to go loose, the Carts are also to be arranged 
 there." 
 
 Monday Sept. 15th: Gen'l Orders. The Tents 
 to be struck at 1 2 o'clock and Baggage loaded 
 immediately. The Army to march in three 
 Colums after having passed Schuylers House. The 
 Right Column consisting of the British on the 
 Right of the Road — The left column consisting 
 of the left Wing along the Meadows on the left 
 of the Road. The Artillery forming the centre 
 Column, followed by the Baggage. The two 
 Brigades of Artillery of the Line to lead. Lt. 
 Col Brymens Corps to form the Rear Guard of 
 the Army and wait upon their Ground till they 
 receive an order from an Aid de Camp of the 
 Command'r in Chief, or from Maj'r Gen'l Rei- 
 desil. The Provisions are to be floated down 
 under the care of Cap't Brown of the Navy. 
 ** The 47th Reg't to move with the Rear of the 
 
150 Lieut, HadderCs Journal. 
 
 Provisions. The Hospital to move as quick as 
 Carts can be provided for them. The Bridge to 
 be broke up and floated down immediately after 
 the Army is marched under the direction of 
 Capt Shanks (of the Navy)." 
 
 Yesterday Gen'l Phillips called the Officers of 
 Artillery together and exhorted them to be 
 cautious of expending their Ammunition in case 
 of an Action, reminding them of the impossibility 
 of a fresh supply and requesting they wou'd rec- 
 ollect that one Action wou'd not probably 
 decide the Campaign, he therefore begg'd they 
 wou'd avoid firing on a retreating Enemy unless 
 almost certain of great success. He observed 
 that, tho. they were under the command of every 
 Senior Officer, yet, even to Commanding officers 
 of the Battalion's they were serving with, they 
 must remonstrate against firing when required 
 if contrary to their own opinions, and make him 
 responsible for the consequences of their com- 
 pliance if he persists. This line of conduct was 
 to be pursued to all persons except the immediate 
 bearers of official orders from the Com'r in Chief, 
 M. G. Phillips, or the Brig. Gen'l Commanding 
 the Brigade of Infantry to which the Guns were 
 attached at the time. Orders from the Com'g 
 Officers of the Brigade, or Corps of Artillery, of 
 course were to be obeyed, these being in fact the 
 orders of the Brig'r Gen'l Com'g the Brigade, as 
 
Lieut^ Hodden's Journal, 151 
 
 his consent is absolutely necessary for all move- 
 ments after the Guns are attached to his 
 Brigade. 
 
 Sept. 15th (continued) Agreeable to this day's 
 Orders, the Army marched and the Bridge was 
 broken up. We halted and encamped in one 
 Line at a Farm called Dovegot, nearly 3 Miles 
 from our former ground. 
 
 Dovegot. Tuesday Sept. i6th. Gen'l Orders, 
 
 " No Forragers are at anytime to go out in 
 small parties, nor till the Fog is cleared up. 
 When forage is wanted the Brigadier Generals 
 will send a report to the General of the numbers 
 proposed and the time they are meant to be 
 absent from the Camp, that a judgement maybe 
 formed whether the numbers can be spared for 
 that time. The Foragers when out are to keep 
 together, and upon the firing of Three Guns are 
 to return to Camp with all possible expedition. 
 The Carts that are lent to the Regiments for 
 carrying the Regimental Baggage, are to be re- 
 turned to the orders of the Deputy Q'r M'r 
 General, as soon as they arrive in Camp, except 
 at such times as the march of the Army is likely 
 to be continued in a few hours. The Army 
 marches tomorrow, the disposition of march will 
 be given to the leaders of Columns early in the 
 morning." 
 
152 Lieut, Hadden^s jfournal. 
 
 This day about i o'clock, a Detachment of 
 about 2,000 Men, with Capt. Jones Brigade of 
 Artillery (4— 6 P'rs) advanced about 2 Miles, to 
 reconnoitre a Road to the Right, and cover the 
 workmen repairing some broken Bridges and 
 other bad places in tne main Road. The Gene- 
 rals Burgoyne, Phillips & Frazer were out, we 
 returned in the afternoon about 5 o'clock, 
 nothing extraordinary hav'g happen'd. 
 
 Wednesday Sept. 17th. The Army marched to 
 Sword's Farm (3^ Miles). The order of March 
 was Frazer s Corps and the Right JVing with 
 their Artillery & ^^ggage upon the heights to 
 the Right of the main Road, (as reconnoitred 
 yesterday) forming the Right Column. The 
 Park of Artillery & Baggage of the Army on 
 the main Road formed the Centre Column : 
 and part of ye Left Wing moved on their left, 
 being the left Column. The Provisions were 
 floated down the River under the 47th Reg't. 
 
 The Army now consisted of the follow'g 
 Corps — (viz) — The 9th 20th, 21st, 24th and 62H'i 
 Regiments: 6 Companies of the 47th Reg't, 10 
 Companies of Grenadiers & 10 of Lt. Infantry, 
 300 Artillery Men, 150 Additional, Recruits for 
 the Southern Army, and about 50 Marksmen, 
 under Capt, Frazier, British. 
 
 The Regiments of Rhetz, Spechty Reidesil 
 (Infantry) and Hesse Uanau, Lt. Col. Brymen's 
 Corps of Grenadiers & Chasseurs & about 40 
 Jagers, German. 
 
I';'^'' 
 
 
 "'fc , ^" 
 
 %yT^rAcj( 
 
 
 <t/^ 
 
 
 1^ |\l >/l^^JS}^y^^?^TA-/4> 
 
 
 
.1 "l A^ 
 
 f ■ ■ ' i 
 
 t"!- 
 
 H. , ', 
 
 :> 
 
 '%-. 
 
 ..% 
 
 ;;;J« 
 
 LWi?^- 
 
 H 
 
 «i 
 
Lieut. Hadden's Journal. 153 
 
 a>t'^^^ tTr^^'l^ forming a Corps of about 6,000 
 Men. We had about 50 Savages (all that re- 
 mained of near 500 who crossed the Lake with 
 us, the rest having deserted under various pre- 
 tences till Msr. Luke Le Corn's departure, when 
 the defection became almost general) and be- 
 tween One and 200 Provincials exclusive of 70 
 or 80 Canadians bearing arms under Capts. 
 Monin & Bcucherville— including these & Vhe 
 residue (about 40) of Reidesils- Dragoons, the 
 whole might amount to something more than 
 6,000 Men & Officers. The Sailors employed 
 with the Batteauxs, Canadian Drivers, Artificers 
 &c not bearing Arms or included in the above 
 were I apprehend, about 300. It is to be 
 recollected that the Artillery, Additional Gun- 
 ners, Sick, Servants & Batt-Men are to be ex- 
 tracted from the number bearing arms, which 
 woud probably reduce it to nearly 5,000 Effec- 
 tives including the officers. 
 The Guns & Ordnance were 
 
 2 Lt. 24 Pounders. ' 
 
 4 Medium 12 P'rs 
 18— Light— 6 P'rs 
 
 2— Howitzers 8 Inch I Brass 
 
 4— " --5|In'ch ^ 
 
 6— Light — 3 Pounders 
 
 I— Light— I 2 Pounder 
 
 Total 35 on Travelling Carriages dr 
 
 » fL r'^*'' *'!-'""°" '' ' ''"'" defective, as Hadden gives it. 
 ai the ligures foot up 37, instead of 35 ^ 
 
 20 
 
154 Lieut, Haddens yournaL 
 
 Also — 2 Mortars — 8 Inch ] „ 
 
 J .. I >■ Brass 
 
 and— 4 " — 5^ J 
 
 They were disposed of as follows, (viz) 
 With B. G. Frazer under Capt. Walker da 
 
 4 — 6 Pounders — ] Served by his Company and 
 4 — 3 Pounders — \ 40 additional from ye 
 2 — 5J Howitzers — J Adv'd Corps. 
 
 Each Piece of Ordnance had an Am'n Cart — 
 and he was allowed 2 Country Carts for the 
 Mens Tents, Artificers Tools &c. 
 
 A Forge Cart travelled with this Brigade, as 
 also I Collar Maker, i Smith & i Wheeler for 
 the use of this and the Brigades of Jones & 
 Pauch. 
 
 Capt. Jones's Brigade Attached to the Right 
 Wing — 
 
 di. Ellis Walker entered the Royal was included in the Saratoga Convention, 
 Military Academy at Woolwich, as and his name is attached to the Cam- 
 a gentleman cadet, March i, 1755. He bridge Parole. His subsequent promo- 
 was commissioned in the Ruyal Artillery tions were as follows ; major in the 
 as a lieut. -fireworker Oct. 29, in that army June 7, 1782; lieut. -colonel in the 
 year; a 2d lieut. April 2, 1757; a ist artillery Dec. i, 1782; colonel in the 
 lieut. Jan. 1, 1759; and a capt.-iieuten- army Oct. 12, 1793; in the artillery 
 ant Aug. 5, 1761 ; in which latter year Nov. i, of the same year; major-general 
 he took part in the siege of Belleisle on Feb. 26, 1795; colonel-commandant in 
 the coast of France. He became a cap- the artillery Sept. 25, 1796, his successor 
 . tain Jan 1, 1771, his being No. 7 being appointed July 13, 1799; lieut.- 
 company, 3d Battalion, now "3" general April 29, 1802; and general 
 Battery, 7th Brigade. He belonged to Jan. i, 1812. He appears in the Army 
 the artillery detachment that served in Lists for the last time in 1820, at which 
 Cancda, in 1776, and he participated in date there was only one officer in the 
 Burgovne's campaign the next year, artillery that ranked him. [O. U : 
 having command of the guns attached B. H : C. Z. 224, 229 : £. Z.J 
 to Gen. Fraser'i Light Brigade. He 
 
Lieut. Hadden's JournaL 155 
 
 4 Lt. 6 Pounders 
 
 5 Ammunition Carts 
 
 4 Country Carts laden with Intrenching Tools 
 & spare Harness, and 2 ditto for the Camo 
 t!-quipage. These were commanded and served by 
 
 of Jones'. Company ^■'■/"V" "27 T 
 Lt. Hadden' s Detachment i ^ 26 
 
 Capt. Pauche's Brigade. Left Wine 
 
 6—6 Pounders ^' 
 
 each cZ? ^°""''^"-«" Ammunition Cart for 
 each Gun— 4 Country Carts laden with In 
 trenching Tools-2 ditto for Camp ZL "" 
 and one for each officer, these Gem^n not bel ' 
 allowed Artillery B & F.* ^ 
 
 This Brigade had already lost 2-6 and 2—7 
 Pounders with Baume & Brymen at or near Ben 
 
 a^o^L Jcetlr-'"- -PP"^^ 'on. 
 
 Park- of Artillery under Capt. Carter. 
 Divided into three Brigades (viz) 
 
 'i'. An abbreviation for Bat ,„d Forage. n.eaning bat and forage ..one,. 
 
15^ Lieut, Hadderis Journal, 
 
 Left Brigade. 
 
 Centre Brigade. 
 
 Right Brigade. 
 
 Capt. Hosmer^" 
 
 Capt. Blomfield 
 
 Capt. Mitchelson 
 
 1— Med'm la P'rs 
 
 2 Lt. 24 Pounders 
 
 '2 Med. 12 Pounders 
 
 a_Lt— 6 P'rs 
 
 I Am'n Waggon 
 
 2 Lt. 6 P'rs 
 
 1—8 In. How'r. 
 
 
 I — 8 In. Howitz'r 
 
 I — 5j ditto 
 
 The whole of these were 
 
 I — 5i ditto. 
 
 English Waggons 
 
 served by Maj'r Williams's''" 
 "& Capt. Carters Companies &" 
 
 Waggons. 
 
 for M. 12 P'rs 2 
 
 2 for M. 12 P'ri 
 
 for 8 In. How'r. 2 
 
 about 130 Additionah under 
 
 2 for 8 In. How'r 
 
 Am'n Carts 
 
 Lt. Nutt 33rd Regt. 
 
 Ammunition Carts 
 
 for Lt. 6 P'rs % 
 
 2 Eng'h Waggons for Camp 
 
 2 for Lt. 6 P'rs 
 
 for e,\ How'rs I 
 
 Equipage 
 
 I for 5 i How'rs 
 
 Also with the Park- 
 Intrenching Tools : 
 
 —2 Waggons loaded with 
 2 Waggons loaded with 
 
 du. Thomas Hosmer, entered the 
 Royal Artillery as a lieut. -fireworker 
 June 8, 1757 ; and was promoted to be 
 a 2d lieut Oct. 23, 1761 ; a ist lieut. 
 Dec. 20, 1765; and a capt.-lieuten.mt 
 June 17, 1772. He served in the 2d 
 Battalion until he became a ist lieut. 
 when he was transferred to the 3d 
 Battalion ; and upon his promotion tv. a 
 captain-lieutenancy he was transferred 
 again, this time to the ist Battalion. 
 He was with the artillery detachment 
 that served in Canada in 1776, and 
 under Burgoyne in 1777. In this latter 
 campaign he commanded the left 
 brigade of the Park of Artillery, and 
 served actively until Burgoyne's surrender, 
 in which he was included, his name 
 being attached to the Cambridge Parole. 
 He obtained a captaincy Nov. 12, 1779, 
 and for sometime commanded No. 2 
 Company, ist Battalion, now " B " Bat- 
 tery, 1st Brigade, and afterwards No. 4 
 Company, ist Battalion, now " 3 " Bat- 
 tery, 5th Brigade. He became a major in 
 the army March 19, 1783 ; was invalided 
 for home duty March 16, 1793 ; became 
 a lieut. -colonel in the army March i, 
 1794; and was attached to the Invalid 
 Battalion Oct. 2, 1795. He died at 
 Greenwich April 8, 1805. [G. U : 
 C. Z. 173, 174: B. H: E. Z.] 
 
 rff. Griffith Williams entered the 
 British military service as a private in the 
 Royal Artillery fan. 27, 1743, and on 
 the 4th of April of the following year he 
 became a gentleman cadet in the Royal 
 Military Academy at Woolwich.' The 
 following extract from a manuscript by 
 this officer, deposited, in the Royal Ar" 
 tillery Regimental Library, furnishes 
 some interesting information in regard to 
 the Royal Military Academy in 1744, 
 when he belonged to it. "In 1744," he 
 wrote, " His Grace the late John, Duke 
 of Montague, was Master- General of the 
 Ordnance, to liim the chief Master of 
 the Academy reported the first of every 
 month what progress the Cadets, Non- 
 commissioned Officers, and Private men, 
 who were his Pupils, made, and in what 
 manner they distinguished themselves 
 most ; the names of the Officers who 
 attended was likewise carried to his 
 Grace by the chief Master. At this time 
 the Regiment of Artillery consisted of 
 seven Companies only, and five Cadets to 
 each Company ; they were distinguished 
 by Cadet Gunners, and Cadet Mattrosses; 
 the Cadet Gunners (of which I was one) 
 had Sixteen Pence per day, and the Cadet 
 Mattrosses Twelve Pence per day ; the 
 Cadet Gunners, when the Companies 
 were formed, took the right of the 
 
Lieut, Haclclen*s yournal, 157 
 
 spare Harness : 8 Country Carts laden with Ar- 
 tificers Tools & Camp Equipage — 2 Country 
 
 Gunners ; and the Cadet Mattrosses the 
 right of the Mattrosses ; they were 
 mustered in t' e Companies to which 
 they belonged, and the Captain of the 
 Company had the sole command of them, 
 in like manner with every other part of 
 his Company ; they were treated as 
 Officers and Gentien en by all Officers of 
 the Regiment^ who frequently had them 
 to dine with them, when their spare 
 hours from their studies permitted ; the 
 Cadets lodged and boarded at the most 
 creditable houses in and near Woolwich, 
 which many of them were able to do on 
 their pay ; Government was at no other 
 expense, except the Uniforms that were 
 given the Cadets, without any stoppages 
 being made out of their pay.'"' 
 
 Williams was commissioned a lieut.- 
 fireworker April 6, 1745, * "' lieutenant 
 March 1, I755,acapt.-licut., Jan. 1, 1759, 
 and a captain Feb. 12,1760.' A portion 
 of the time while acaptain he commanded 
 No. 5 Company, ist Battlion, now " 4" 
 Battery, i 3th Brigade. A fter the peace of 
 1763 he was stationed in America. 3 He 
 became a major in the army Feb. 17, 
 1776,' and he was, after Gen. Phillips, 
 the ranking artillery officer servini; in 
 Canada under Carleton in 1776, and on 
 Burgoyne's expedition in 1777; and, as 
 such, he had the immediate command of 
 the whole artillery detachment, though 
 he was more particularly attached to the 
 Park.'* 
 
 Gen Phillips reported to Lords Town- 
 tend and Amherst from Albany, Oct. 22, 
 1777, as follows, ''In the affair of Oc- 
 tober 7th, Major Williams kept a battery 
 in action, until the Artillery horses were 
 all destroyed, and his men either killed 
 or wounded ; being unable to get off 
 their guns, he was surrounded and taken, 
 with two officers. Lieutenants York and 
 Howorth, the latter wounded. ''5 Gen. 
 Gate* wrote from Saratoga to Gen. Bur- 
 
 goyne in a letter dated Oct. 11, 1777, U 
 follows : " At the solicitation of Major 
 Williams, I am prevailed on to offer him 
 and Major Meibon, in exchange for Col. 
 Ethan Allen. Your Excellency's objec- 
 tions to my last proposals for the exchange 
 of Col. Allen, I must consider as trifling, 
 as I cannot but suppose that the Generals 
 of the royal armies act in equal concert 
 with those of the Generals of the armies 
 of the United States."* This offer was 
 rejected. Major d'Meibon, of the Bruns- 
 wickers, was exchanged Sept. 3d, 1781,' 
 but the date of Major Williams' exchange 
 has not been ascertained. The following 
 letter, written by this officer to Gen. 
 Gates, gives a little insight into his char- 
 acter, and some of his troubles. 
 
 " 25 Off'r, 1777. 
 
 " My Dbar General : I am much 
 concern'd at being informed by Gen'l 
 Phillips that from what was at that time 
 look'd upon at Gen'l Burgoyne's Table 
 to be no otherwise meant than to promote 
 mirth and Laughter should at this time 
 be represented to you as serious. Gen'l 
 Burgoyne was i>resent the whole time 
 therefore I could not have presum'd to 
 have meant to say anything that should 
 give offence; nor did I perceive that the 
 Capt'n (whose name I do not remember) 
 the least displeas'd but rather joyned in 
 the laugh. I remember saying to the 
 Capt'n that this was an odd world we 
 liv'd in that we were there the best of 
 friends drink'g our wine and the day 
 before trying to put one another to death : 
 the Capt'n said very true and that if he 
 had met me he would have kill'd me if 
 he could : this brought on a laugh all in 
 good humour. 
 
 " I press'd the Capt'n to drink a Glass 
 of wine which he declin'd by saying that 
 he was feverish. I say'd that my way 
 was always to keep the blood above fever 
 heat ; and to heat it so much as to pre- 
 
158 Lieut, HadderCs JournaL 
 
 Carts for the Conductors,<^^ and several Wag- 
 gons laden with Laboratory Stores, Musquet 
 Cartridges, Corn Powder''*, Ball, Twine, Paper 
 &c for making up Cartridges — Grease 6cc — and 
 all the small articles necessary for the Train or 
 Army, in about 10 or 12 Waggons. 
 
 There was a Lt. 12 P'r, 2 — 8 Inch and 4 — 5J 
 Inch, with several Coehorn Mortars on board a 
 Skow with the Provisions, and likewise a supply 
 of dead Shells'^//. 
 
 vent Bug, Flee or musketo to touch me 
 without burning their feet, in short Sir 
 the whole at far as I can remember 
 amounted to something of this kind. 
 
 " After the Civility I met with from 
 you and your Officers I am bound as a 
 man of honor to declare that I did not 
 intend to give the least offence to the 
 Capt. and much shall I be distressed 
 ihould you have a doubt of the truth of 
 what I have said. 
 " I have the honor to be, my Dear Gen'l 
 
 " Your most obedient humble Servant 
 " G'th Williams, Major. 
 *' Albany 25th Octob'r, 1777. 
 
 " Major Gen'l Gates." « 
 
 Williams became a major in the ar- 
 tillery March aj, 1780, lieut. -colonel 
 Jan. 9, 178a, and colonel of the id 
 Battalion Dec. i, 1782.' During the 
 latter part of the great siege of Gibraltar 
 Col. Williams had command of the 
 artillery there.9 Col. Williams was the 
 commanding officer of the garrison at 
 Woolwich, the headquarters of the Royal 
 Art'y, Oct. 20, 1783, upon his return 
 from Gibraltar, and so continued until 
 Feb. 8, 1786. He commanded the 
 garrison again July 23, 1789, his suc- 
 cessor being appointed three days after 
 
 hit death. Previous to 1781 the com- 
 mand of the garrison devolved upon the 
 senior officer on the spot, but after that 
 date he was appointed by the Master 
 General of the Ordnance. After forty- 
 seven years of service in the Royal Ar- 
 tillery Col. Williams died at Woolwich, 
 March 18, i790.«> [' G. U: B. H. 
 »K. R. 5. 3 C. Z. 175, 244. 4E. Z. 
 SC. Z. 315. «K. G. 462. 7K. J. 65. 
 8D R. fC. Z. 288. '"G. U: D. Z. 
 373] 
 
 diu. Conductors were assistants to the 
 commissaries of stores, to conduct depots, 
 or magazines, from one place to another ; 
 they also hail the care of the ammu- 
 nition wagons i.-i the field ; they reported 
 to the commissary, and were under hit 
 command. [G. N.] 
 
 dx. Corn powder is supposed to be 
 priming powder, deriving its name from 
 the French word Corne, pronounced corn, 
 and signifying horn, as priming powder 
 was frequently carried in powder horns. 
 
 dy. Shells, charged or lo.ided, are 
 call-^d filled or live shells ; those, not 
 charged or loaded, are called empty, or, as 
 Hadden terms them, dead shells. 
 
Lieut. Hadden's Journal. 159 
 
 of I*"* ^A r°""'J*" were completed to 70 R'ds 
 of Round Shot & 30 R'ds of Case each. The , 
 
 Ss"e"' Fi.ed A ''^ °' R.-nd-a„d RouLs o^ 
 ^ase — i^ixed Ammunition. 
 
 [Here follows 2 blank pages in the Journal.] 
 The Advanced Corps of the Army under B G 
 
 ^i^fdeofG:tr^" '^'' ^'"^ ^^p'- ^^'k- 
 
 The Right Wing, since the departure of B 
 G. Powel & the 53rd Regt. was considered as' 
 one Brigade under Brigadier Gen'I Hamilton 
 and consisted of the 9% aoth, " st & 6and 
 Regim'ts, w,th Capt. Jones's Brigade of Guns 
 
 .7}^ Ge™an reserve under Lt. Col. Brvmen 
 connnued to encamp and march near to iT'r 
 
 Brfgad; '''' "'"'' '-^ '"■"^*"^''™ ^^^P'- P'-uchf's 
 
 Rel'l'nf^f^y'"§ ""T"''^^ °^ 'he Brunswick 
 Gef ' t.f'h/ '!^t'' ^ ^"''"''' ""'le^ Brig'r 
 
 -anded b/Maj'r GenTLdel^ The^'^emZ- 
 ■ng few of Reidesils Dragoons were sha"bi?v' 
 mounted and attended (occasionally) the Generaf 
 
i6o Lieut, Haddens yournai. 
 
 The six Companies of the 47th Rcg't con- 
 tinued as an escort for the Provisions. 
 
 Sept. 17th (continued) The Army being ar- 
 rived at Swords's Farm encamped en potence^^^ 
 the left flank being secured by the River. 
 
 Thursday Sept. 18th — About 10 o'clock this 
 morning some Soldiers & Women having stroled 
 in front of the Encampment about 4 or 500 yards 
 to gather Potatoes, were fired upon by a Party of 
 the Enemy several were killed or wounded 
 and about 20 made Prisoners, which occasioned 
 the following Gen'l Order — 
 
 ** To the great reproach of discipline and of 
 the common sense of the Soldiers who have been 
 made Prisoners, the Service has sustained a loss 
 within Ten days, that might have cost the lives of 
 some hundred of the Enemy to have brought 
 upon it in Action. 
 
 The General will no longer bear to lose Men 
 for the pitiful consideration of Potatoes or For- 
 rage — The life of the Soldier is the property of 
 the King and since neither friendly admonition, 
 repeated injunctions, nor corporal punishment 
 have effect, after what has happen'd, ye Army is 
 
 d'z. Troops are ranged tn fotence by securing that line. An army may be 
 
 breaking a straight line, and throwing a posted en potetjce hy means of a village, a 
 
 certain proportion of it either forward or river, or a wood. The disposition en fo- 
 
 backward, from the right or left, accord- fence is frequently necessary in narrow 
 
 ing to circumstances, for the purpose of and intersected ground. [G. N.] 
 
Lieut, Hadderi's Journal, i6i 
 
 now to be informed, (and it is not doubted the 
 commanding Officers will do it solemnly) that 
 the first Soldier caught beyond the advance Sen- 
 tries of the Army will be instantly hanged. 
 
 If the Army does not march this afternoon, 
 two days more provision will be issued, to victual 
 them to the 21st inclusive. 
 
 It is possible that some flour may have re- 
 ceived dammage from water carriage, in that 
 case care must be taken that a distribution 
 be made equally, that no particular mess may 
 suffer. 
 
 The Baggage is ""o remain loaded as the Army 
 will march as soon as the Bridges are repaired. 
 
 in case of an action the Lieut't General will be 
 found near the center of the British line, or, he 
 will leave word there where he may be followed. 
 
 In case of an action one Orderly Subaltern 
 Officer is to be sent from each of the following 
 Corps, (viz.) one from the British line, one from 
 Brig'r Gen'l Frazers Corps, and one who speaks 
 French from the left wing — These Officers are 
 to be on Horse-back. 
 
 Friday Sep'r 19th — Between 9 & 10 o'clock 
 in the forenoon the Army advanced in three 
 Columns agreeable to former Orders. 
 
 About a mile from our last ground (the center 
 column) we came to a deep Ravin with a run of 
 21 
 
i62 Lieut, Haddeifs jfournaL 
 
 water sufficient to work a Saw-mill in the middle ; 
 here the enemy having neglected to destroy a 
 small Bridge we passed the Ravin and creek 
 without opposition. 
 
 The whole of this column and Baggage having 
 gained the opposite height, the army halted at 
 12 o'clock for near an hour, during which time 
 several shot were fired & returned by our advanced 
 Sentries. 
 
 Nearly a quarter of an hour before we resumed 
 our march the Picquets of the British line (ioo 
 Rank & File) advanced under Major Forbes *<* 
 
 ta. Gordon Forbet was born in, or 
 about, the year 1738. He entered the 
 British military service Aug. 27, 1756, as 
 an ensign in the 33d Foot, and was pro- 
 moted Oct. 1, 1757, to a lieutenancy in 
 the 7ad Foot, which corpj had previously 
 been the 2d Battalion of the 33d. He 
 obtained a captaincy Oct. 17, 1762, and 
 served with the 72d in the Havannah 
 until 1764, when it returned to England 
 and was disbanded ; whereupon Capt. 
 Forbes exchanged into the 34th Foot, his 
 commission therein bearing date April 
 1 2th in that year. He served with that 
 regiment in Louisiana and other parts of 
 America, and returned to England with 
 it in 1773. In the spring of 1776 Capt. 
 Forbes accompanied hii regiment to 
 Canada, and on Nov. nth of that year 
 was promoted to the majority of the 9th 
 Foot, which was alio in Canada. In the 
 following year he participated in Bur- 
 goyne's campaign ; and July 9th took an 
 active part in the aftair near Fort Ann. 
 In the battle of Freeman's Farm, Sept. 
 I9tb, he commanded the British pickett 
 and was wounded very early in the day. 
 Speaking of this officer's cooduct during 
 
 Burgoyne'i campaign. Cannon, in hit 
 Historical Record of the 9th Regiment, 
 page 32, says — " Major Gordon Forbes 
 behaved with great gallantry and was 
 twice wounded." As we find his name 
 in no casualty list except that of Free- 
 man's Farm, and as he himself sayi, 
 " after the action of the 19th, I went to 
 the hospital to get my wounds dressed, 
 and did not join the regiment till the 8th 
 of October," he could not have taken 
 part in the action of Bemus' Heights, 
 Oct. 7th ; hence he must have received 
 two wounds at Freeman's Farm. He waa 
 included in Burgoyne's capitulation, and 
 his name is attached to the Cambridge 
 Parole. He was exchanged, or paroled, 
 in 1778, and sailed for England ; but the 
 Eagle packet, on which be, with other 
 British officers, bad embarked, was cap- 
 tured Sept. 29tb of that year, by the 
 American privateer Vengeance, of 20 
 guns, and carried into Corunna. Late 
 in 1778 and early in 1779 he aided in 
 raising the 74th Foot, or Argyle's High- 
 landers — so named because it was raised 
 under tbe auspices of the Duke of 
 Argyle, and mostly from bis cUn, and 
 
Lieut. HaddetCs JournaU 163 
 
 (9th Regt.) and were repulsed with loss by a 
 corps of Rifle-men commanded by the Rebel 
 Colonel Morgan. 
 
 Major Forbes was wounded and the retreat of 
 his Detachment was secured by the Battalion of 
 Light Infantry sent from the column on the 
 Right commanded by Brig'r General Frazer. 
 
 The British troops halted & formed 'till the 
 whole of Major Forbes's party came in — and 
 having commenced a fire without orders (by 
 which many of our own people were killed in 
 retreating) Maj'r Kingston proposed the firing a 
 Gun to check it, which had the desired efl^sct and 
 by that accident I fired the first Shot from the 
 main body of this Army. 
 
 About 2 o'clock in the afternoon the British 
 Regiments arrived opposite to Freemans House 
 
 the 105th Foot. Oct. 3d of the lame 
 year he became a major general ; and he 
 remained colonel of the 105th until it 
 was disbanded in 1796, though he was 
 continued un full pay after that event. 
 Jan. 24, 1797, he was appointed colonel 
 of the 8i8t, or Loyal Lincoln Volunteers, 
 but his stay with that regiment was short, 
 as he was transferred to the 29th Foot 
 Aug. 8th, 1797; and of that corps he 
 remained colonel for thirty years. Gen. 
 Forbes commanded the troops at St. 
 Domingo for two years. He became a 
 lieut. -general Jan. i, 1801 ; and a 
 general Jan. i, 1812. He died at Ham 
 in the county of Middlesex, Jan. 17, 
 1828, in the 90th year of hit age. 
 [B. H: £.3. 188: H. J. 418, 440: 
 B. N. 63: B. M. 86, note] 
 
 in 1779 he testified before a committee 
 of the House of Commons in regard to 
 Burgoyne'd disastrous campaign. He 
 became the lieut. colonel of the newly 
 raised I02d Foot Sept. 24, 1781, and 
 served with it in the Ease Indies, where 
 he received the local rank of colonel in 
 the East Ind'es only, June 13, 1782. 
 At the general peace of 1783 the io2d 
 was disbanded, and Col. Forbes went 
 upon half-pay. He became the lieut.- 
 colonel of the 74th Foot Oct. 12, 1787, 
 but in the Army List ai 1789 he dis- 
 appears from the regimental list of that 
 organization, and in the list of lieut. - 
 colonels in the army he appears as latt 
 lieut. -colonel of that corps He became 
 a colonel in the army Nov. 18, 1790, 
 and he remained unattached till April 
 18, 1794, when he was made colonel oi 
 
164. Lieut, Haclden's Journal, 
 
 thro, which I was ordered to fire a Shot and it 
 not taking effect Capt. Jones laid the second him- 
 self with success, but there being no Enemy in 
 it (tho. it was from hence Major Forbes was 
 first attacked) the Troops passed a small bridge 
 (over a hollow way or large gutter apparently 
 made by heavy falls of Rain) and took post at 
 the skirt of a wood a little beyond it. 
 
 Sep'r 19th continued. [See Maps.] 
 
 The Enemy being in possession of the wood 
 almost immediately attacked the Corps which 
 took post beyond two log Huts on Freemans 
 Farm. Capt. Jones's Brigade was hasten'd to 
 their support, I was advanced with two Guns to 
 the left of the 62nd Regt and ye two left com- 
 panies being formed en potence I took post in the 
 Angle. Lieut. Reid who remain'd with Capt 
 Jones and the other two was posted between the 
 9th 6c 2 1st Rcgts: — 
 
 In this situation we sustained a heavy tho. in- 
 termitting fire for near three hours, and Gen'l 
 Frazers Corps being also attacked, tho. partially, 
 Five companies of the 24th Regt. were advanced 
 into the wood in their front, and being repulsed 
 a second attempt was made with whole Regi- 
 ment, in which they succeeded with the loss ot 
 about fifty Men. 
 
 The Enemy continuing the heat of their at- 
 tack on the flank (and occasionally the rear) of 
 the 62nd Regt., that Corps suflfer'd very much. 
 
li!!!!'/,! I ! If; 
 
 '"'M^^t*:.^^;^ 
 
 
 
 ■*■" 
 
 
 
N 
 
 (- 
 
 
 ( 
 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 'I' 
 
 (5 
 
 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
 I 
 
 J 
 
 
Lieut. Hodden's jfournal. 165 
 
 and having lost in killed or wounded Nineteen 
 out Twenty two Artillery attached to my two 
 Guns Posted in the Angle, I applied to Brig'r 
 Gen'l. Hamilton for a supply of Infantry, and 
 (while speaking to him my cap was shot thro, 
 in the front) not being able to obtain relief was 
 rcferr'd to Gen'l. Phillips who was with Gen'l 
 Burgoyne just beyond one of the two log Huts. 
 
 On making known my situation Capt. Jones 
 was order'd to let me have all the Men from one 
 of Lt. Reids Guns with a view I believe to re- 
 tire mine a little, Capt. Jones was order'd to 
 accompany me himself 
 
 The Enemy being reinforced and advancing 
 closer since the fire of the flank Guns were 
 silenced I found on my return that the 62nd 
 Regiment had made an unsuccessful effort to 
 force them, by which that Regt. lost 25 Pris- 
 oners, and being worn down had begun to get 
 into confusion, in which situation I found them. 
 Capt. Jones immediately began firing, but being 
 himself very soon wounded as were also the 
 whole of the men we brought up, I was desired 
 to endeavour to eflfect the Retreat of my Guns, 
 but before I cou'd accomplish it, the 62nd Regt. 
 having lost 1 87 Killed or Wounded and 25 Pris- 
 oners (out of between 3 & 4 hundred of which 
 the EflFectives of the Batt'n consisted) were forced 
 to abandon the Hill & on it my Guns. Having 
 supported Capt. Jones in my arms for some time 
 
1 66 Lieut, Hadden*s Journal. 
 
 I carried him into one of the Huts which was 
 filled with wounded and being sometime before 
 I cou'd find a place to lay him in, the whole of 
 the Troops had quitted the height and it was 
 with difficulty I got within our own line which 
 was advancing under Gen'l. Phillips, and at that 
 time not more than a hundred yards from the 
 Enemy, who were following the retreating troops. 
 
 During this attack the 20th Regt. was thrown 
 into the wood on the left of the corn field and 
 repulsed the Enemy which saved the Rear of the 
 62nd Regt. from being galled by them. 
 
 As the attack was so much on the left the 
 9th Regt. not being useful in their original situa- 
 tion, was retired across the Bridge and continued 
 as a Corps of reserve, 'till the retreat of the 62nd 
 Regt. when Geni Phillips arriving with some 
 more Guns under Col. Williams, advanced at the 
 head of the British line (with two German Regi- 
 ments on their left) repossessed the height and 
 my Guns. The Grenadiers under Gen'l Frazer 
 moving forward on the right at the same time a 
 very heavy fire commenced, the Rebels thus 
 pressed retreated on all sides, and being driven 
 across the Field made the best of their way to 
 their works. By this time it being nearly dark 
 no further pursuit was attempted. 
 
 During the attack on the 62nd Regt. two 
 Companies of light were advanced on our left 
 and effectually cleared us of attack which was 
 not renewed 'till they were withdrawn 
 
 End of Journal. 
 
HADDEN'S ORDERLY BOOKS. 
 
 [As the General Orders in Hadden's Orderly Books are 
 frequently unaccompanied by the name of the general issuing 
 them, the names in such cases are not attempted to be supplied 
 by the editor, save in very rare instances when they are put in 
 brackets, although the known absence of Gen. Carleton from, 
 and the presence of Lieut. Gen. Burgoyne at, the place of the 
 date of the order, often furnishes a clue to the author. The 
 General Orders without the names of the persons issuing them, 
 are almost without exception those of Burgoyne or Phillips, the 
 majority being by Burgoyne. General Orders were issued 
 by the officer of highest rank at the place of issuance on the 
 date of the order. Thus, if a General Ordtrr was issued at 
 Chambly, and Gen Carleton was there at the date of it, it was 
 issued by him : otherwise by Lieut. Gen. Burgoyne, were he 
 present. Should both be absent, however, then Major Gen. 
 Phillips would issue the order. As Carleton and Burgoyne, in 
 1776, were constantly going from place to place, it is not 
 always easy to say exactly who issued some of the orders. As 
 Sir Guy Carleton was commander in chief in Canada in 1776 
 and 1777, all orders issued by him anywhere in that province 
 applicable to troops within it, were paramount to General 
 Orders issued by any other officer ; General Orders 
 
i68 HaddetCs Orderly Books. 
 
 being only more or lets general, or relatively general, 
 according to circumstances. The king's orders, or those o( 
 the secretary of state for war, applied to British troops every- 
 where, if applicable to them. The General Orders of the 
 commander in chief of a province, applied to all the troops 
 within that province if applicable to them ; and the General 
 Orders of the general of highest rank in a particular locality, 
 applied simply to the troops within tluit district or restricted 
 locality. If an inferior officer desired to issue an order he could 
 only issue a Division, Brigade or Regimental Order, and only 
 of such a character as would not conflict with the orJers of his 
 superiors. Editor.'] 
 
 [By Sir Guy Carleton.J 
 
 General Orders, June yd, 1 776. 
 
 Captain Edward Foy of the Royal Artillery is 
 appointed Deputy Adjutant General to the 
 Army in Canada. 
 
 All Reports from the Ordnance either concern- 
 ing the Engineering Branch, or Artillery De- 
 partment to be made to Major General Phillips, 
 through whom all Orders will be communicated 
 to them. 
 
 Captain Bloomfield of the Royal Artillery is 
 appointed Major of Brigade to Major General 
 Phillips. 
 
HadderCs Orderly Books, 169 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 Brigade Orders. June yd, 1 776. 
 
 Lieutenant Twiss*'* is to proceed to Three 
 Rivers, and give his directions for constructing 
 of Boats. The description of one of these Boats 
 
 W tb. William Twist wm born in ur 
 •bout the year 1745.' He entered the 
 military department of the Ordnance in 
 July, 1760, and was commiMiuned a 
 practitioner engineer and eniign in the 
 Royai Enginecri in 1764. All hit We 
 be remained connected with the engineer 
 corpt in tvhich he w.t promoted to be a 
 lub-engineer and lieutenant April I, 
 1771.' From 1762 to 1771 he served 
 ai an engineer in the garrison at Gibraltar, 
 and from 1771 to the end of 1775 he 
 was employed on the new tbrtiAcations 
 then constructing for the defence uf the 
 dock yard at Portsmouth. Early in 
 1776 Litut. Twis* embarked with the 
 reinforcements sent out to Gen. Carlcton.^ 
 He landed at Quebec late in May of that 
 year, and on the loth of the next month 
 he was appointed on the staff of Major 
 Gen. Phillips. 4 He assisted in expelling 
 the Americans from Canada, and tiien 
 Sir Guy Carleton appointed him comp- 
 troller of works. In conjunction with 
 Lieut. Schanck, the superintendent of 
 the naval department, he was set about 
 constructing a fleet for Lake Champiain, 
 with gun boats and batteaus for convey- 
 ing the army across the lake. They 
 began their arduous undertaking the 
 middle of July, when the British govern- 
 ment had neither vessel nor boat on 
 Lake Champiain, nor the smallest build- 
 ing for barracks, storehouses, or work- 
 (hops. Notwithstanding all difiiculties 
 the fleet v/as built; and, Uct. nth, it 
 fought and beat the Americans ac Valcour 
 Island, thus winning for Great Britain 
 
 22 
 
 the naval supremacy on Lake Champiain, 
 which it retained throughout the war.3 
 The following sentence it from Sir Guy 
 Carleton's order issued from Isle aus 
 Noix Oct. 4th, 1776, relating to '• • 
 disposition being made for the army to 
 proceed in search of the enemy," vix ; 
 "Captain Pringle, Captain Dacres, and 
 Captains Schanks and Starke of the 
 Navy, and Lieut. Twiss of the Corps of 
 Engineers deserve particular distinction 
 in this acknowledgment, it being to the 
 indefatigable attention uf these g:.'ntlemen 
 that the surprisingly expeditious advance- 
 ment of the important works carried on 
 is owing." 5 Lieut. Twiss accompanied 
 the army to Crown Point in the autumn 
 of 1776, and also returned with it and 
 wintered in Canada. 
 
 In the spring of 1777 he was appointed 
 chief engineer of Burgoyne's army. To 
 his zeal and activity at the investment 
 of Ticunderoga was due the precipitate 
 evacuation of that post by the Americans, 
 as he reported to Gen. Phillips that he 
 could cut a road to the top of Mount 
 Defiance in twenty-four hours and plant 
 a battery there which would command 
 the American fortifications. He set 
 about his work with characteristic earnest- 
 ness, but the Americans did not wait to 
 tee him finish it. He served throughout 
 Burgoyne's campaign and was present at 
 all the general engagements. He was 
 included in the Saratoga Convention, but 
 was exchanged a few days afterwards, and 
 returned to Ticonderoga, which post he 
 assisted in evacuating in November, 1777. 
 
 i 
 
I/O Hadderi's Orderly Books, 
 
 is a common flat bottom called a King's Boat or 
 Royal Boat, calculated to carry from 30 to 40 
 men with stores and provisions, with this only 
 difference, that the Bow of each Boat is to be 
 made square resembling an English Punt, for the 
 
 In the autumn of 1778, he, together with 
 Capt. Aubrey of the 47th, and Lieut. 
 Schank of the navy, was sent by Gen. 
 Haldimand, Sir Guy Carleton's successor, 
 to establish a post at the entrance of 
 Lake Ontario', and, on the i8th of 
 December of that year, he was promoted 
 to be a capt. lieutenant and captain, 
 which gave him the full rank of captain 
 oi engineers."^ The high opinion enter- 
 tained of this officer by his superiors is 
 shown by the two following letters from 
 Gen. Haldimand, then commander in 
 chief in Canada, the first to Lord Towns- 
 hend, and the second to Lord George 
 Xvermaine, 
 
 "i^H*A«, June \%th, 1779. 
 ^ ...."Capt- Marr, who is at present 
 the senior Engineer in the Province 1 
 found stationed at Quebec by Gen. 
 Carleton, and the entire direction of all 
 the other Forts &c. put under Lieut. 
 Twiss. I continued this Regulation 
 both because I thought it for the good 
 of the service, and as far as I could learn, 
 that it was also your Lordship's inten- 
 tions it should be so. A more thorough 
 knowledge of these Gentlemen has con- 
 vinced me that I was right, and as Capt. 
 Marr is now old and intirm, I have this 
 summer consented to 'he request (he 
 made last Fall tho. too late) of returning 
 to England, and 1 shall order him to lay 
 before your Lordship his remarks upon 
 Cape Diamond together with his Pro- 
 posals for a Citadel, and I do earnestly 
 request that your Lordship will apply to 
 Hit Majesty to have Lt. Twits appointed 
 the Chief Engineer of this Province, at 
 I have found his xeal, activity and abil- 
 
 ities equal to the important trust, and 
 although he has the Misfortune of being 
 low in Rank, 1 am informed he hat been 
 19 years in the service, and being actively 
 employed during the whole of that time."' 
 
 Sfuebtc. \%tk yune, 1779. 
 "I have the satisfaction of in- 
 forming your Lordship that every Branch 
 of the Engineer Dept. which is carried 
 on under the direction of Lt. Twiss it 
 performed with great judgment and econ- 
 omy, and I have such confidence in hit 
 abilities and integrity that I request he 
 may be appointed the Chief Engineer for 
 this Province, and Capt. Marr who has 
 been employed as Engineer at Quebec 
 having applied for leave (tho. too late) 
 latt Fall to return to England I have 
 now permitted to go home by the next 
 ship. 
 
 " The several posts established for the 
 security of the Country are so very dis- 
 tant, that it not only requires an uncom- 
 mon share of activity in the Chief 
 Engineer, but also great dependence upon 
 the application of each officer under him, 
 as they have separate stations," &c.' 
 ^During the remainder of our Rev- 
 olutionary struggle Capt. Twiss served in 
 different parts of Canada as commanding 
 engineer, and at the peace of 1783 he 
 obtained leave to return to England. 
 In 1785 he was employed as secretary to 
 the Board of Land and Sea otficert, ap- 
 pointed under the King's sign- manual, 
 to report upon the defonces of the dock 
 yardt at Portsmouth and Plymouth. 
 From 1785 to 1791 he terved as an 
 engineer at Portsmouth where many new 
 workt were being conttructed, par- 
 
HadderCs Orderly Books* 171 
 
 conveniency of disembarking the Troops, by the 
 means of a kind of broad gang board, with Loop- 
 holes made in it for Musquetry, and which may 
 serve as a Mantelet when advancing towards an 
 Enemy, and must be made strong accordingly. 
 
 ttcularly Fort Cumberland at the entrance 
 of Langston Harbor.^ He became a 
 lieut.-colonel in he Royal Engineers 
 July 16, 1794'; and Dec. 26th of the 
 tame year he was appointed lieut.-gov- 
 ernor of the Royal Military Academy at 
 Woolwich, the duties of which position 
 he assumed Jan. I, 1795. 'This office, 
 which was worth £300 a year, he con- 
 tinued to hold until he became colonel 
 commandant of the Royal Engineers in 
 1809, when, by the rules of the service, 
 he was superseded, Lieut.-Colonel Mudge 
 of the Royal Artillery being appointed 
 his successor Aug. 16, 1809.9 He was 
 during all this time, however, employed 
 on various services. Between 1792 and 
 1799 he was engaged in increasinj and 
 strengthening the defences on the cojsts 
 of Kent and Sussex, particularly at Dover 
 Castle. When Col. Hay of the En- 
 gineers was killed in Holland, in 1799, 
 Lieut.-Colonel Twiss was sent there as 
 commanding Royal Engineer, and served 
 under the late Duke of York, remaining 
 there until the evacuation of that country 
 was completed. 3 The reputation of 
 Lieut.-Colonel Twiss with his brother 
 officers at this time is well illustrated by 
 the following extract from a letter written 
 by the Marquis Cornwallls to Major 
 General Ross.'° The Marquis, after re- 
 ferring to Col. Hay"s death, says : — " The 
 force destined to serve in Holland, which 
 is one of the most considerable in number 
 of our national troops that has ever been 
 employed on the Continent, has now no 
 Engineer of rank or character. Should 
 not the Ordnance say something to the 
 Duke of York, even if H. R. H. 
 should make no application } I should 
 have thought that Twiss, who is certainly 
 
 our best, should have the direction, with 
 some assistants who would be more able 
 in point of bodily fatigue." 
 
 Jan. I. 1800, he became a colonel in 
 the army-, and during that year he was 
 sent to visit the islands of Guernsey and 
 Jersey. 3 April 18, 180 1, he was pro- 
 moted to be colonel of Engineers^ and 
 the next year he was ordered 10 make 
 the tour o( Ireland and report respecting 
 its defences. In 1803 he was again sent 
 to the coasts of Kent and Sussex. In 
 1804 he was appointed a brigadier-gen- 
 eral3, and Oct. 30, 1805, a major-general.' 
 During this latter year he was directed 
 to carry into execution the system of de- 
 tached redoubts and towers, which gov- 
 ernment had adopted for the defence of 
 some of the sea coast, and which was 
 finished about 1809. He was also one 
 of the engineers sent to report how hr 
 the same system was applicable to the 
 eastern coast. 3 He became colonel com- 
 mandant of the Royal Engineers June 
 24, 1809' j and in 1810, after an active 
 service of fifty years, he obtained leave to re- 
 main unemployed and retired into the 
 country. 3 He became a lieut. -general 
 Jan. I, 18 1 2, and a general May 27, 
 1825.' His only child, Katharine Maria, 
 wife of Walker Ferrand, Esq., died Feb. 
 15, 1827, and Gen. Twiss survived her 
 scarcely a month, as he died at Harden 
 Grange, Yorkshire,on the I4ih of March 
 in that year, aged 82 years3, there being 
 but one officer above him on the Royal 
 Engineer List at the time of his death. ^ 
 ['C V. 313. »B. H. 3E. R. 364. 
 *¥. E. 6. SF. E. 50. «F. H. 26, 27. 
 7F. H. 102. 8F. H. 108. »K. R. 54» 
 58, 84. '"C. W. ia8.] 
 
172 HadderCs Orderly Books, 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 
 B. O. June 6M. 
 
 T/ie Genera/ having directed Major General 
 Phillips to take the Department of Artillery and 
 Corps of Engineers under his command ^ he is assured 
 the utmost Harmony and good Disposition will 
 subsist between the two Corps so very necessary 
 for his Majesty's Service. Major Williams being 
 Commanding Officer of the Detachment of 
 Artillery, under Major General Phillips, will 
 have the ordering all detail, and ordinary duties, 
 and he will receive his orders from, and report 
 to Major General Phillips on all occasions. 
 
 Major Gordon ^'' will make such arrangements 
 in the Corps of Engineers as he shall see proper. 
 
 ec. Harry Gordon of Knockespock, 
 in the parish of Clatt, Aberdeenshire, 
 came from an old Scutch family, that 
 obtained from James IV, in 1508, a grant 
 of the barony of Clatt, which was re- 
 newed by Jdmes VI, in 1604, "to his 
 beloved James Gordoun of Knockes- 
 poke."' The early British Army Lists 
 do not mention the Engineer Corps, so it 
 is impossible to state when Major Gor- 
 don entered the Royal Engineers. In 
 the Army List of 1756 he is down as a 
 sub-engineer, which grade was equivalent 
 to a lieutenant of Foot, but no date of 
 commission is given. He became an 
 engineer in ordinary and captain Jan 4, 
 1758, and a major in the army July 23, 
 1772.' He was serving in Canada in 
 Sept., 17763, and he had probably been 
 stationed there for several years prior 
 thereto. A letter written from Quebec, to 
 be found in the London Chronicle for Aug. 
 7-9, 1777, says, ''Major Gordon, Chief 
 
 Engineer, goes home, and is succeeded by 
 Capt. Twiss of the same corps;" and 
 the same pjper for Aug. 5-7, 1777, 
 under date of Aug. 6, says, " Col. Gor- 
 don, lately arrived from Quebec, was 
 presented to the King at St. James, and 
 had the honour of a conference with 
 his Majesty." He became a lieut, -col- 
 onel in the army Aug. 29, 1777, and a 
 sub-director of engineers and major in 
 that corps Dec. 18, 1778. Hie last pro- 
 motion was Nov. 20, 1780, when he 
 was made a colonel commandant of En- 
 gineers, or simply colonel, as that grade 
 afterwards was known, and his name 
 appears in the Army Lists for the last 
 time in 1787.' He married a Phil- 
 adelphia lady named Hannah Meredith, 
 by whom he had four sons and two 
 daughters, and one of his sons subsequently 
 became a major-general in the army. 
 His descendants still survive.' [<Q. 321. 
 "B. H. 3F, E. 49.] 
 
' HadderCs Orderly Books, 173 
 
 and will be so good to order an Officer to receive 
 orders from the Major of Brigade every Day. 
 
 The Major General informs the Officers that in 
 common detail Duties^ he means to adhere to a 
 Roster y but tn particular cases not ; as he shall 
 always employ such Officer s^ as he shall think most 
 proper from Experience in the Service; and he 
 makes no doubt but the young and newly ap- 
 pointed Officers will use every means to make 
 themselves intelligent in the service, and by 
 activity, and a strict attention to their duty, 
 render themselves useful and good Officers ; and 
 he does assure them he shall study to give them 
 every possible mark of regard and favour accord- 
 ingly. 
 
 The Major General relies on the Captains for 
 the strictest attention to their Subalterns and 
 men, that they will discourage all Ideas of dif- 
 ficulty, and prepare them for a fatiguing cam- 
 paign, which the Major General is assured will 
 be entered upon with Zeal, and pursued with all 
 manner of Activity, Subordination, and strict 
 Discipline. 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 B. O. June jth. 
 
 Second Lieutenant Collier '^^ will act as Secre- 
 
 ed. William Collier entered the He was appointed a zd lieutenant in the 
 Royal Military Academy at Woolwich, 3d Battalion of the Royal Artillery 
 u a gentleman cadet, March i, 1768. March 15, 1771 ; a ist lieutenant July 
 
174 HadderCs Orderly Books, 
 
 tary to Major General Phillips during this Cam- 
 paign, all Orders signified by him from the 
 Major General are therefore to be obeyed. 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 
 B. O. June 8M. 
 
 Major Gordon on completing two armed 
 Boats, and having given such orders relating to 
 the rest, as also with regard to the large Boat, 
 so that the completing of the whole may go on 
 under the direction of the Engineer who is left 
 at Quebec, will set out as soon after as he pleases 
 for the Army : he will direct Engineer Wade 
 to take such plans, and make such inspection of 
 the works at Quebec, as may be necessary to 
 form a report for the General, of the present 
 situation of the place, so that arrangements may 
 be taken to put it into that state of defence as 
 may be thought proper. 
 
 Captain Jones will remain at Quebec taking 
 upon him the command of the Garrison Artil- 
 lery. 
 
 German additional Gunners at Quebec are to 
 receive 6^ per day and non-commissioned Officers 
 yd per day. 
 
 7i 1779 > 3 capt. -lieutenant Dec. i, March i, 1794, be was made a major 
 
 1782; and a captain March 16, 1791. in the army, and he died in Corsica July 
 
 He served under Burgoyne, and was in- ai, 1796. [O. U.] -^ 
 eluded in the Saratoga Convention. 
 
Hadden's Orderly Books, 175 
 
 As all orders in detail go through Major 
 Williams, he is to have an Officer constantly 
 att?.whed to him, who will receive Brigade 
 Orders, and the Detachment will obey any 
 orders delivered in Major Williams' name by 
 this Officer during the Campaign, Major Williams 
 will appoint who he pleases to this duty. 
 
 By Sir Guy Carleton, 
 
 General Orders. 'Three Rivers, June 1 oM, 1 776. 
 
 Lieutenant Twiss of the Engineers is appointed 
 an Aid de Camp to Major General Phillips. 
 
 General Officers appointed to serve in the 
 Army in Canada under the Command of his Ex- 
 cellency Guy Carleton, General, Governor, &c. 
 
 Lieutenant General Burgoyne, Majors Gene- 
 ral Phillips and Reidesil ; Lieu'ts Colonels 
 Nesbit, ^^ Eraser, Powel and Gordon, are ap- 
 
 tt. William Nesbit entered the Own, and on the i6th oF the following 
 
 British military service April 20, 175 1, April he exchanged into the 59th Foot. 
 
 as an ensign in the j6th Foot. He was On the list of March, 1765, he again 
 
 promoted to a lieutenancy in his regi exchanged, this time into tha 47th Foot, 
 
 ment Oct. 15, 1754, and to a captaincy This latter regiment was in America at 
 
 in the 2d Battalion of the 31st Foot the beginning of the Revorutionary war, 
 
 Sept. 2, 1756. This battalion was de- and for nearly a year prior thereto, and 
 
 tached from the 3i8t in 1758 and re- took part in the battles of Lexington 
 
 numbered as a separate organization, and Bunker Hill. In the order issued 
 
 whereupon his regimental number be- by Gen. Gage two days after the latter 
 
 came the 70th Foot. May i, 1760, he action thanking the troops for their 
 
 became the major of his regiment, and gallantry, Lieut.-Col. Nesbit it men- 
 
 on the 6th of the following February he tioned by name. The 47th was des- 
 
 exchanged into the 69th Foot. Nov. patched to {Quebec in the spring of 
 
 14th, 1762, he was promoted to the 1776, and its lieut.-colonel went with it. 
 
 lieut.-colonelcy of the 4th or King's June 10, 1776, Lieut.-Col. Nesbit wai 
 
176 Hadden^s Orderly Books, 
 
 pointed to act as Brigadier Generals, till the 
 King's pleasure is known. 
 
 By Sir Guy Carleton, 
 
 General Orders. J^fi^ iithy 1 776. 
 
 Ensign Freeman ^/ of the 24th Regiment is 
 appointed to act as Major of Brigade to the 
 
 appointed to act as brigadier-general till 
 the King's pleasure could be known, and 
 was assigned to the First Brigade, com- 
 posed of the 9th, 47th, and 31st regi- 
 ments, to which, upon the death of 
 Gen. Gordon, the 2i8t was added. 
 During the following September, he 
 was so seriously attacked with illness 
 that, on the 15th of that month, Lieut. - 
 Colonel Hamilton, of the zist, was ap- 
 pointed to relieve him during his sick- 
 ness ; and late in the succeeding Octo- 
 ber, or the early part of November, he 
 died. Some Americans have reflected 
 severely upon Col. Nesbit's humanity. 
 Col Irvine, in recounting his adven- 
 tures after the battle of Three Rivers 
 upon the retreat from Canada, when he 
 and some of the other baffled Americans 
 took to the woods to escape capture, 
 wrote in his journal as follows : " Gen. 
 Thompson, Bird and I then concluded 
 it would be better to deliver ourselves up 
 to British officers, than to run the risk of 
 being murdered in the woods by the 
 Canadians. Indeed, we were so ex- 
 hausted as to be unable to march fur- 
 ther; accordingly, we went up to a 
 house where we saw a guard, and sur- 
 rendered ourselves ' prisoners at discre- 
 tion.' Colonel Nesbitt commanded here, 
 by whom we were cruelly treated. His 
 party marched hence for Trois Rivieres. 
 A strong guard marched with the whole 
 of the prisoners. General Thompson 
 
 and I had the honor of being marched 
 for six miles in the common crowd, 
 without further distinction than being 
 placed near the front. The command- 
 ing officer would neither allow us horses 
 or a carriage, though we requested it, 
 and represented to him our miserable 
 condition. Notwithstanding, we were 
 hurried off in a few minutes, and pushed 
 exceedingly fast for six miles, when we 
 arrived at head-quarters. Generals Carle- 
 ton and Burgoyne were both here, who 
 treated us very politely. They ordered us 
 refreshments immediately; indeed, Gene- 
 ral Burgoyne served us himself." A writer 
 of a letter from Boston, dated Dec. 5, 
 1776, to be fouad in the American Ar- 
 chives, 5th series, vol. 3, 1089, animad- 
 verts upon "the noted Colonel Nesbit," 
 in this manner : "His skill in military 
 matters we are strangers to ; but this we 
 can say of him, that he was master of 
 the art of tarring and feathering, as he 
 tried his hand on a pour countryman in 
 this town some time before the Lexing- 
 ton battle." [B. H : E. Z : D. M. 
 200: F. E. 7, 38, 55 : F. X. 117.] 
 
 ef. Quin John Freeman began his 
 military career as an ensign in the 24th 
 Foot, July 7, 1775'. ^^^ "^"^ y**"" he 
 accompanied his regiment to Canada, 
 where, on June nth, he was appointed 
 brigade major to Brig. Gen. Fraser's 
 brigade". In 1777, he participated in 
 
KaddetCs Orderly Books. 177 
 
 Corps commanded by Brigadier General Fraser. 
 Lieutenant Dacres of his Majesty's Ship Le 
 Blond*, is appointed an Assistant Quarter Master 
 General. 
 
 Lieutenant Thomas Story ^.<7 of the 47th Regi- 
 ment is appointed to act as Major of Brigade to 
 Brigadier General Nesbit. 
 
 Burgoyne'g expedition and was embraced 
 in the Cambridge parole. AFter Gen. 
 Fraser' death he served on Gen. P.ifH. 
 esel't statf, and that otficer, in writing to 
 Lord Shelburne, in 1782, uses this lan- 
 guage : '' I have in my suite two Eng- 
 lish officers — one in the capacity of an 
 assistant, by the name of Willoe, cap- 
 tain of the 8th Regiment, and another, 
 Lieutenant Freeman, my adjutant, of the 
 24th Regiment, who was formerly brig- 
 adier major to Brigadier-General Frazer 
 who fell October 7th, 1777, in the en- 
 gagement near the school house. Both 
 of these officers were detailed to me by 
 Lord George Germaine by the orders of 
 his majesty, the king of Great Britain. 
 While the other generals have found 
 means for doing something for their ad- 
 jutants, I have been unable to do any- 
 thing to show my gratitude to my two 
 officers, who consequently, hold to this 
 day the same rank as when I first had 
 the pleasure of having tl.em assigned to 
 mc. Both are officers of talent, and 
 both are full of zeal for the service, and 
 can be employed with profit, should an 
 opportunity offer. 1 am convinced that 
 it would be of the greatest advantage to 
 them if they should be remembered by 
 your excellency when a chance of pro- 
 motion occurs ; and such a favor, on 
 your part, would lay me under the 
 greatest oblig-xtions, which I should en- 
 deavor to reciprocate whenever an oppor- 
 tunity offered."* Freeman became a 
 lieutenant in his regiment Oct. 8, I777» 
 
 23 
 
 and a captain Jan. 25, 1786; and he 
 was promoted to be major of Lord Bel- 
 vedere's Foot, the 93d, July 9th, 1794. 
 There is some confusion in the Army 
 Lists as to the date of his becoming a 
 lieut. -colonel in the army, some giving 
 it as Oct. 27, 1794, and others as 
 March 10, 1795. He became lieut.- 
 colonelofthe i6th Foot Sept. i, 1795J 
 Deputy Barrack-Master-General in 
 Ireland, May 10, 1799, a position hs 
 held till 1822; colonel in the army 
 Jan. I, 1801; major-general April 25, 
 1808; lieut. -general June 4, 18 13; 
 and general July 22, 1830.' He died at 
 Liverpool Dec. i, 1834, in the 80th 
 year of his age, after a connection with 
 the British army of nearly sixty years. ^ 
 ['B. H. »F. E. 7. 3K. N. 137. 4L. 
 U. 144]. 
 
 eg. Thomas Storey was commissioned 
 a lieutenant in the 99th Foot April 29, 
 1763 His regiment was reduced the 
 same year, and he went upon half-pay, 
 where he remained till June 6, 1770, 
 when he was commissioned as a lieu- 
 tenant in the 47th Foot, then in Ireland. 
 He undoubtedly participated in the bat- 
 tles of Lexington and Bunker Hill, and 
 accompanied his regiment to Canada in 
 1776. June II, 1776, he was ap- 
 pointed brigade major to Brigadier Gen. 
 Nesbit, who commanded the FirstBrigade, 
 Lt.-Col. Hamilton succeeding to the brig- 
 ade on Nesbit's death. He served through 
 Burgoyne's campaign, and waa included 
 
 1 
 
178 Haddens Orderly Books, 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 
 Brigade Orders. Lake St. Peter* s, i/^thjuney 1776. 
 
 The two Pieces of Canfion under Lieutenants 
 Smith «^ and Yorke^*' are to be put under the 
 Command of Captain Mitchelson, who will go 
 on with the Grenadiers and Light Infantry, and 
 will act with them, taking his Orders from the 
 Commanding Officer of the Troops, whoever he 
 shall be on Landing. 
 
 in that otiicer't surrender, his name ap- 
 pearing on the Cambridge Parole. He 
 became a captain April 6, 1778, and he 
 exchanged into the 20th Foot April I, 
 1780. At the peace ot" 1783, when 
 the addition?! companies of the aoth 
 were reduced, he went upon half-pay, 
 but the next year he exchanged with 
 Capt. William Culliford on to the active 
 list of his regiment, his second commis- 
 tion 9S captain in the zoth bearing date 
 June 9, 1784. He appears for the last 
 time on the Army Lists in 1794. [B. 
 H.] 
 
 ch. William P. Smith entered the 
 Ro)al Military Academy at Woolwich, 
 as a gentleman cadet, April I, 1768, and 
 was commissioned a 2d lieutenant in the 
 Royal Artillery March 15, 1771. He 
 served through Burgoyne's campaignj was 
 wounded in the action of Oct. 7, 1777 ; 
 was included in the Saratoga surrender 
 and signed the Cambridge Parole. He 
 became a ist lieutenant July 7, 1779; a 
 capt.-lieutenant Feb. 28,1782; acaptain 
 May 24, 1790; and he commanded No. 
 6 Company, 2d Battalion. His subse- 
 quent commissions were major in the 
 army March i, 1794; in the artillery 
 April 25, 1796; lieutenant-colonel in 
 the army Jan. 1, 1798, in the artillery 
 
 Jan. 8, 1799; and colonel in the artillery 
 July 20, 1804. He died at Leith fort, 
 July 23, 1806. [ B. H : G. U : C. Z. 
 181 : G. V. 176.J 
 
 ci. John H. York entered the Royal 
 Military Academy at Woolwich, May i, 
 1768, as a gentleman cadet; and March 
 '5> I77i> h"- W9 commissioned as a 2d 
 lieutenant in the ist Battalion of the 
 Royal Artillery, which was stationed in 
 America in 1772 and 1773. When he 
 went to Canada is not known, but he 
 was with Burgoyne in 1777, during the 
 latter part of whose campaign he was 
 attached to the left division of the artillery; 
 and he was taken prisoner in the battle 
 of Bemus' Heights, Oct. 7. He became 
 a 1st lieutenant July 7, 1779; a capt.- 
 lieutenant April 9, 1782; and a captain 
 May 26, 1790, his being No. 3 Company, 
 4th Battalion, now " 8 " Battery, 2d 
 Brigade. He became a major in the 
 army March I, 1794; a major in the 
 artillery Dec. 9, 1796; a lieut. colonel 
 in the army Jan i, 1798; a lieut.- 
 colonel in the artillery July 16, 1799; 
 and a colonel in the artillery July 20, 
 1804. He was drowned on the coast of 
 Brazil Nov, I, 1805. [G. U : B. H : 
 H. I. 10: C. Z. 257, 315.] 
 
HadderCs Orderly Books. 179 
 
 Two Ammunition Carts to be added to those 
 two Guns, that a greater proportion of Ammuni- 
 tion may be carried with the Guns on Shore, the 
 rest of the Ammunition and Stores are to be so 
 loaded in the Boat or Boats, as to be got at with 
 the greatest ease in order to supply the Guns on 
 Shore without delay. 
 
 Two Brigades to be formed immediately and 
 to be ready for landing under Major Wil- 
 liams, each Brigade to consist of four Six 
 Pounders, the ist, Captain Carter and his Com- 
 pany, the 2nd, Captain Walker and his Company. 
 The rest of the Officers and men are to be 
 so divided as to render the two Brigades equal. 
 A Conductor of Stores to be appointed to each 
 Brigade, — an Ammunition Cart with each Gun 
 with its proper proportion of Ammunition and 
 Stores for Action. 
 
 The rest of the proportion of Ammunition 
 and Stores to correspond as nearly as possible to 
 that given by the Major General at Quebec. 
 The Brigades to be divided, and Officers attached 
 to each directly, so that when Guns are ordered 
 to be separated from either of the Brigades, it 
 may be instantly done, with the proper number 
 of Officers and Men ; to do this, each Brigade 
 must be divided and subdivided. 
 
 A proportion of Entrenching Tools to be 
 taken with each Brigade as it may be necessary 
 to form Batteries on Shore. 
 
i8o Hadden*s Orderly Books, 
 
 One Long Boat filled with Entrenching Tools 
 to attend the Landing of the Troops with a 
 careful Conductor, who will deliver Tools in 
 such quantities as may be demanded, taking down 
 the names of the Officers who demand them, 
 and the quantities delivered to each. 
 
 The greatest precision is to be observed by the 
 Officers in giving their Orders, the greatest Cool- 
 ness and Subordination by the men in obeying 
 them, and as the use of Artillery in action will 
 depend on a clear arrangement and management 
 of the Guns, and a strict attention of the men to 
 their Officers, in order to which the most pro- 
 found Silence is absolutely necessary ; Major 
 General Phillips therefore orders the Officers to 
 punish on the Spot during the time of Action 
 any disobedience of these Orders. 
 
 The Officers in the Field being separated, arc 
 to command according to Seniority, but are not 
 to detach themselves from the Brigade to which 
 they are posted by Major Williams according to 
 this Order. 
 
 Particular Instructions in the Field when 
 landed, relative to the Nature of the ammunition 
 to be employed at particular times, whether 
 Round or Grape, the posting of Guns in par- 
 ticular Situations, will fall under the Orders of 
 Major Williams, the Captains Commanding 
 Brigades, and the eldest Officers, as they may 
 happen to be detached. 
 
HadderCs Orderly Books, i8i 
 
 Major General Phillips relies on Major 
 Williams, and the Detachments continuing that 
 Zeal and good Conduct for which the Corps of 
 Artillery have hitherto been so fortunately dis- 
 tinguished. 
 
 The utmost care to be taken that the Artillery 
 do not uselessly fire away their Ammunition, 
 nor even fire at all, but when some Object ap- 
 pears to make it necessary. The great con- 
 sequence of this Order will be evident from 
 considering how difficult it will be to supply 
 regularly the Ammunition on Shore. This 
 Order particularly addressed to the young Officers, 
 who are to take care not to fire their Guns too 
 quick, and not without being well spunged and 
 carefully pointed. 
 
 Whenever it may be necessary to call for the 
 assistance of the Infantry in deep roads or marshy 
 grounds or in steep ascents or descents, appli- 
 cation must be immediately made to the 
 Brigadier General, if with the Brigade, or 
 otherwise to the Commanding Officer ot the 
 nearest Regiment, if the situation is so critical 
 as to prevent an application to the Commanding 
 Officer of the Troops on the spot. 
 
 Whenever there is in General Orders anything 
 relating to the delivery of Ammunition, Powder, 
 Entrenching Tools &c. &c. to the Troops, the 
 
1 82 HadderCs Orderly Books, 
 
 Commanding Officer of Artillery will direct the 
 Commissary to issue them without waiting for 
 Brigade Orders from the Major General. 
 
 G. O. Sorely June 1 5M, 1 776. 
 
 Parole — St. Paul. C. S. — Varenne. 
 
 The remainder of the first Brigade will land 
 at Sorel as soon as the weather will permit : 
 Brigadier General Nesbitt will follow the rear 
 of the Rebels with the Light Infantry, Grena- 
 diers, and Canadians of his Brigade as far as 
 St. Denis, where he will take post till further 
 Orders. 
 
 Brigadier General Nesbitt will take fourteen 
 Days provisions and the Camp Equipage for all 
 his Corps. 
 
 If the Weather or any other circumstances 
 occasion delay in collecting the Boats with 
 Provisions and Camp Equipage, Brigadier Nes- 
 bitt will march without it, and leave a proper 
 Officer and Detachment to bring it after him 
 with all possible expedition. A Detachment of 
 the Royal Regiment of Artillery, with two 
 Field Pieces, will march with Brigadier Nesbitt 
 in his Service. 
 
 The Surgeons, Apothecaries, and Mates of 
 the general Hospital on board the diflferent 
 
Hadden's Orderly Books, 183 
 
 Transports to immediately repair on board the 
 Monimia Transport to receive Orders. 
 
 G. O. Off St. Sulpice, June 16M, 1776. 
 
 Parole — St. Simon. C. S. — Bie. 
 
 The 29th Regiment is to disembark im- 
 mediately on the North Shore with Provisions 
 to the 20th Instant inclusive, and they are to 
 march forthwith to take possession of Montreal, 
 at which place they are to wait for further 
 Orders. 
 
 The rest of the British, and the Troops of 
 Brunswick and Hanau are to disembark im- 
 mediately on the South Shore with Provisions 
 likewise to the 20th inclusive, and they are to 
 assemble with all expedition near the Church of 
 Vercheres which is opposite the headmost Ships. 
 
 The Brigade of Artillery as ordered yesterday 
 by Major General Phillips is to disembark with 
 these last Troops, to be provided in the like 
 manner, and to assemble as fast as possible at the 
 same place. 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 
 G. O. Verchere, \6th June, ^11^' 
 
 Parole — Carleton. C. S. Canada. 
 
 An Officer of each Corps to attend during 
 the Night with the Captain of Militia in the 
 
184 Hadden's Orderly Books, 
 
 Town the arrival of the Troops, which are 
 immediately to be cantoned in the Neighbour- 
 ing Houses and Barns, and to be in readiness to 
 march early in the Morning : the strictest Disci- 
 pline to be observed. 
 
 A Subaltern's Guard of Twenty four Men to 
 form the Guard now mounted on the great 
 Road towards Varenne, this Guard to make 
 frequent Patroles, at least half a Mile towards 
 Varenne and to be extremely vigilant. 
 
 A Subaltern and 30 Men to mount near the 
 Church who will give Centinels to Brigadier 
 General Powel, and the Field Officers : Patroles 
 are to go continually from this Guard about the 
 Village, and not to suffer any Soldier to straggle 
 out of their Quarters, it will likewise patrole as 
 far as the advanced Guard. 
 
 In case of an Alarm or when the Troops are 
 ordered to assemble, it is to be on the grand 
 Road near the Church. 
 
 The Artillery will mount the Guard already 
 ordered. 
 
 G. O. Vercherres, \jth June^ ^77^- 
 
 Parole — Quebec. C. S. - Britain. 
 
 The Corps to march this morning. 
 
 The advanced Guard consisting of two Com- 
 panies of the 2oth, and three of the 24th, with 
 
HadderCs Orderly Books. 185 
 
 two Six Pounders to proceed to Boucherville 
 under the Orders of Major Carleton, who will 
 receive Orders from, and report to Major Gen- 
 eral Phillips. 
 
 Brigadier General Powell with the Grenadiers 
 of the 24th, and three Companies of the 21st, and 
 the 53rd Regiment to march to Varenne and 
 Canton there. 
 
 The Quarters to be formed close together, so 
 that the Men may be able to assemble on the 
 shortest notice at the alarm Posts, which will be 
 fixed at Varenne : A Piquet of 2 Subalterns and 
 36 Men to be posted towards the Woods looking 
 on Chamble. The Piquet will advance 400 
 Yards, two small Piquets as Posts of Intelligence, 
 and will make frequent and strong Patroles in the 
 Front, and on their Flanks. 
 
 A Piquet of a Captain, two Subalterns, and 50 
 Men, is to form as near the alarm Post as possible and 
 to make frequent Patroles about Varenne, towards 
 the advanced Subaltern's Piquet and also on the 
 road for a Mile or two towards Boucherville. 
 
 The 21st Regiment will take this Duty. 
 
 A Return of the Provisions is to be given in, 
 and what is not cooked to be done to-day. 
 
 The Men are to clean and oil their Feet and 
 Shoes, and take every means to refresh, and 
 
i86 HadderCs Orderly Books. 
 
 be prepared for long Marches. Should any of 
 the Men be left behind, they are to be sent for 
 up to night to Varennes. 
 
 The 24th Grenadiers to mount Guard on the 
 General at 2 o'Clock. 
 
 General after Orders. i 0^ Clock. 
 
 The Piquets not to assemble till 5 o'Clock. 
 His Excellency General Carleton will then be 
 here and will give his Orders. 
 
 After Orders. VarrenneSy 6 o'Clock. 
 
 The Corps which arrived here this Day to 
 march tomorrow morning at 4 o'Clock, to as- 
 semble at i past 3. Brigadier General Powell 
 will march towards Longueil where further 
 Orders will be given. 
 
 The advanced Guard under Major Carleton to 
 march tomorrow morning at 5 o'Clock to Lon- 
 gueil : It is to take up its Cantonments at the 
 extreme part of Longueil towards La Prairie 
 where it may refresh, but to be prepared to renew 
 the March at the shortest notice : Major Carle- 
 ton will send a Report to meet the March of 
 Brigadier General Powell. 
 
. Hadden's Orderly Books. i8j 
 
 G. O. 
 
 J'"-^n„es, imjune, .776. 5 H. A. M. 
 When Brigadier General Powel arrives at 
 ten th^'^ii' -"'-'he ..St Regiment, ; 
 
 Barns ^onZ ^TT, """""S "'^ "°"^«« ^"d 
 ChZuv A '& °J Longueil which leads to 
 Chamble and this Regiment will give a Cap- 
 tain 2 Subalterns and 50 Men for the General's 
 Guard, which will afterwards form the pfnue 
 or Piquets for the night. ^ 
 
 rJ}% ^""'"■^' '^^ ^+"' Grenadiers, and the 
 53rd Regiment to be quartered as near toother 
 a^ possible in the Centre of Longueil^ A„ 
 
 Zf:r who' ""n '°"""r ' i^ ^'■■■''"S^ *h« Canton- 
 ment who will mark Houses for the Head 
 
 Quarters, the Majors General, and the BrigadTer 
 
 Major Carleton and the advanced Guard will 
 
 ro'clockThk P ''° 'l^P^^P^^d to march at 
 furtht Orders ""'"^' '" "°''°--'nble till 
 
 Longueii, i past 8. 
 A Return to be given in directly of the num- 
 ber of Carnages that will be necessary for the 
 baggage, and the sick Men of each C^rZ i 
 what Calashes will be wanted" tcSl^^' S 
 
1 88 Hadden^s Orderly Books, 
 
 Commanding Officers of Corps, and such other 
 Officers as may be unable to march by Lameness 
 or Sickness. The Artillery to make a Return of 
 what Horses they will want. 
 
 Should there be a few men of each Corps 
 unable to march quick from being very much 
 foot sore, they may compose the Baggage Guard. 
 
 The Arms and Ammunition to be inspected 
 into, and put into complete Order this Afternoon. 
 
 G. O. Longueily 1 8M June, 1 776, 5 o'clock P. M, 
 Parole — St. Matthew. C. 5. — Montreal. 
 
 Brigadier General Powel with the Troops 
 under his Orders will march tomorrow morning 
 to La Prairie where further Orders will be 
 given. 
 
 The whole to assemble at i past 3 o'Clock and 
 march as soon after as possible. 
 
 Horses for the Artillery, Charettes for the 
 Baggage, and Calashes, as many as can be got, 
 will be at the Church tomorrow Morning at 3 
 o'clock: Any man absolutely incapable of 
 marching, may remain here under the care of a 
 Non Commissioned Officer — a Return of such 
 men to be made to Major General Phillips at 
 la Prairie. 
 
Haddetis Orderly Books. 189 
 
 f 7^"" Grenadiers to lead, then the Artillery, 
 followed by the 21st and 53rd Regiments. 
 
 .u ^i^'^^f °^9"e Subaltern, and 20 Men from 
 the Guard to be advanced at Sun set a small 
 distance m the front of the Quarters of the 
 Grenadiers. This Piquet to keep continual 
 Patroles in their Front during the Night. An 
 House or Barn to be found to lodge this Piquet in. 
 The advanced Guard is to continue accoutred 
 and ready to be under Arms at the least notice 
 or Alarm A strong Piquet is to be posted 
 towards the Road of St. John, and small Parties 
 of Intel igence posted forward not exceeding 
 two Miles ; the utmost attention taken to avoid 
 Surprize. A great party of Canadians will join 
 Major Carleton this Evening to assist in making 
 Roads, and repairing Bridges, the utmost dili- 
 gence to be used, and if possible, the Work to 
 be continued all Night. The Canadians about 
 la Prairie are to be employed on the Roads 
 torward at a distance : These Canadians are to 
 be obliged to work, and are not to have anv 
 covering Party, but still it is to be insisted on 
 tnat the most vigorous exertion is to be used • 
 bhould any Indians of the Saut de St. Louis 
 arrive to offer their Services, they are to be 
 ordered to return to their Villages and remain 
 there ; and should any of the Indians, who have 
 gone to the Rebels yesterday or have favoured 
 
190 Hadden's Orderly Books, 
 
 the Rebels, and are not returned to their Vil- 
 lages, are to be ordered to return, and remain, on 
 pain of being treated as Rebels. Any material 
 Intelligence to be forwarded directly. 
 
 G. O. La Prairie, 20 June, 1776. 
 
 Parole — St Luc. C. S. — Ostend. 
 
 The British Troops shall take up the follow- 
 ing Cantonments as soon as conveniently they 
 can. 
 
 Brigadier Frazer's Corps to relieve the Guard 
 at St. Johns, and to be cantoned on the two 
 Roads leading to that Post as follows. 
 
 The Grenadiers next St. Johns, and the 24th 
 in their rear on the Road from Chamblee. The 
 Light Infantry in the road from La Prairie. 
 
 Gordon's Brigade except the 29th shall can- 
 ton in the rear of the Light Infantry on the 
 same road. 
 
 Nesbitt's Brigade shall canton in the rear of 
 the 24th Regiment at Chamblee, and Powell's 
 Brigade in the rear of Nesbitt's at Belloiel. 
 
 Major General Phillips wil! give Orders con- 
 cerning the Artillery, which will occupy St. 
 Charles on the Sorell. 
 
 The Brigadiers will canton their Brigades, 
 attending to the convenience of the Troops, 
 
Hodden's Orderly Books. 19 1 
 
 fame^fi'"' '° those next St. John's, and at the 
 same time so as to be ready to support each 
 other, should any Attack be made by ?L Rebels 
 Bread for four Days will be delivered to the 
 
 the T.L T^r"'"S ""'* to-morrow morning to 
 the 24di Inclusive,_they will apply to Mr. 
 Wier Commissary near the Church at La 
 Prairie: Every Regiment may receive at the 
 
 trih ,} I' Z^'""^ "'^y "-i" k"l. and dis- 
 
 fresh M.» ' "!." ^."°""'^ '° >'« l^^Pt °f the 
 tresh Meat received and delivered. 
 
 ^ Every Regiment and the Corps of Artillery is 
 to send Its general Return to the Deputy Adju- 
 tant General as soon as possible. 
 
 G.O. Montreal, 22„a June, iyj6 
 
 Par,/e~St. Luc. C. ^.-SorelL 
 
 G.O. Montreal, 2yd June, 1776 
 
 W._St.Mark. c. ^.-Hesse. . 
 
 Those Regiments who have not already got 
 up their Camp Equipage, will send for it as^soC 
 
 down the River, and soon return to Europe 
 It IS recommended to the officers to deposit the.V 
 heavy Baggage at Montreal, Quebec, or SorcT 
 
192 Hadden's Orderly Books, 
 
 It is the Commander in Chief's express Orders 
 that the Monthly Returns of the first of June 
 be given in immediately by the British Regi- 
 ments and Artillery to the Deputy Adjutant 
 General, and also that they do prepare, and 
 make their returns of the ist of July to be given 
 in on that Day. 
 
 G. O. Montreal^ 24M June, 1 776. 
 
 Parole— ^t. Philip. C. ^.— Beck. 
 
 All the Surgeons of the different Regiments, 
 to collect the sick of their respective Corps, and 
 make out a state of their Cases, that such as 
 stand in need of it, may be sent to the general 
 Hospital at Montreal. 
 
 All men sent to the general Hospital to be 
 sent with their Arms, and necessaries, the Clerks 
 of the Hospitals granting a receipt to the Regi- 
 ments for the same : The Regiments are to pay 
 into the general Hospital the Men's Pay, a 
 certain sum excepted, which is to be left to 
 furnish them with necessaries, which sum is to 
 be hereafter regulated by the Commander in 
 Chief. 
 
 Any non-commissioned Officer or Soldier 
 detected in trafficking with the Indians in Rum, 
 or anything else is to be punished in the severest 
 manner. 
 
Hadden's Orderly Books, Tg7 
 
 Brigade Orders. 24M June, 1 776. 
 
 A Return is immediately to be made out and 
 transmitted to Major General Phillips of such 
 men as have not had the Small Pox, and the 
 Surgeon of the Detachment is to be ordered to 
 prepare them, to prevent as much as possible the 
 III consequences that may attend their catchine 
 It m the natural way. ° 
 
 The clothing of such men as have not been 
 properly fitted, are to be immediately completed 
 and the Detachment is to be furnished with 
 such necessaries, as they may stand in want of 
 in order that they may appear perfectly clean' 
 and dressed in a Soldier-like manner to which 
 particular attention must be had. 
 
 *> ' " ■ '' ■"'■'"■-■'.■■-■- r 
 
 G^. 0. - Montreal, z^th June, 1776. 
 
 Parole— -%i, Andrews. C. *S.— Bristol. 
 
 Mr. Landrief is appointed Inspector of the 
 Batteaux at Montreal, and is to assist the Com- 
 missary General in transporting Forage and 
 Provision to the upper Country. All applica- 
 ^IT\ \ Batteaux at Montreal to be made to 
 Mr. Landrief, and none to be taken without his 
 permission. 
 
 No officers on any pretence whatever to ask 
 tor, or take any Cart or Calash without paying 
 for them : Any Officer or Non-commissioned 
 25 
 
19+ Hadden's Orderly Books, 
 
 Officer detected in taking any, exclusive of pay- 
 ing the price, which is one Shilling pr. League 
 will be punished. 
 
 G. O. ChambUey Tjih^June^ ^11^- 
 
 Parole — St. Samuel. C 5, — Bruges, 
 
 The ten British Regiments to furnish two 
 Tents each for the use of the Light Infantry and 
 Grenadiers of the 47th Regiment, which are to 
 be sent to them as soon as possible. 
 
 G. O. Chamblie, 2StA June, 1776. 
 
 Parole — St. Paul. C. S. — Newport. 
 
 The causes of the deficiency of a Market, as 
 alleged by the People of the Country are, that 
 the Articles which they would have been in- 
 clined to bring to public Sale, have been taken 
 from them in their Houses: that Women in 
 Canoes have been insulted, and discountenanced 
 by Men bathing, with other irregularities which 
 have discouraged this useful Plan. 
 
 It is therefore Ordered, that no Person bring- 
 ing Refreshments to Market be stopped, or their 
 Articles interrupted on any pretence whatever. 
 
 That the Market be held at the Church at 
 Chamblee, and be open Monday, Wednesday 
 and Friday from the Hours of Six to Nine in the 
 
Hadden's Orderly Books. 195 
 
 morning. An officer's Guard to be mounted for 
 the protection and regularity of the Market and 
 M le hL °"" '^' ^'}^^' '° ""= extended to o"e 
 the r C^n?o' '° "'"'' '''''"''• ""'' '° '^e rear of 
 Fo"estamnL~ '" '"""' ^oX.u.^on or 
 
 bathe'r^'" tT^ '^"?''"""' ^^° ='^'= billing to 
 Datne in which pract ce thev shonIH k. 
 
 couraged as highly ';eneficialt7heaTthlreVb; 
 assembled at a certain hour every Mo nTnV and 
 
 orTwl; c'" ''-^ '"Pr""" °f ' Co„irsfio„"ed 
 more ,h^; hTT""'^ Officer, and not allowed 
 M^n , r u'"^'" ''°'"' ^^-^ '''" purpose, and no 
 Man to bathe at any other time of the Day 
 
 as ^rA,f"Z »'^IT''"' P'' ^"g^'l^ '° "'end 
 as ^rderly at Head Quarters, to carry all Order, 
 to the different Brigades. ^ ' 
 
 G. O. Chamblee, 2^th June. 1 776, Saturday. 
 
 P«r«/._Matthew. C. 5.-Crown Point. 
 
 It being necessary for the distribution of Pro 
 2'ons to the Army, that assistance be given «; 
 the Commissary General, ^ 
 
 BrSde^of Z' f""' '^"' ^f "PP-^'-d to each 
 Brigade ot the Army one under Assistant Com- 
 
 Brigade for the receipt and delivery of Provis- 
 
196 HadderCs Orderly Books, 
 
 ions, as also, when such Brigade may be far 
 distant from the general Magazine, for providing 
 I'ro visions for it. 
 
 This under Assistant Commissary to be sub- 
 ject to all Instructions from the Commissary 
 General, the Deputies and Assistants, and is also 
 to receive Orders for the security of Provisions 
 on particular occasions from the Brigadiers 
 General of the Brigade to which he is attached. 
 This appointment to be allowed five Shillings 
 per day, during its continuance, and the General 
 allows the Brigadier General to recommend an 
 Officer of each Brigade for this Service, taking 
 care that he be Active and Intelligent, and as a 
 further Assistance to the Army in this particular, 
 the General directs that a very careful, sober, 
 active, honest Non-commissioned Officer be 
 recommended from each Regiment, who is to 
 act as a distributor of the Provisions to his re- 
 spective Regiment. 
 
 He is to be immediately subordinate to the 
 under Assistant Commissary of the Brigade in 
 which his Regiment is, and to be answerable to 
 him for all provisions received, and all delivered to 
 the Regiment: He is to keep a most exact Account 
 of the Rations, with the weight of each par- 
 ticular Species, which Account he is to deliver 
 in on the 24th of each Month to the under 
 Assistant Commissary, to be laid before the Com- 
 
Hadden^s Orderly Books. 197 
 
 missary General, and it is to be certified by the 
 Non-commissioned Officers so appointed upon 
 Oath. One Shilling and Sixpence per diem is to 
 be allowed to these Non-commissioned Officers. 
 
 A Return to be given in immediately, what 
 Artificers are to be had from every Regiment, 
 noting the different branches of Masons, Smiths, 
 Carpenters, Wheelwrights, and, particularly. Saw- 
 yers. 
 
 No Officers or others are to make demands for 
 Horses or Carriages, but by an Order from 
 Brigadiers General, and the Country is on no 
 account to be distress'd, as the Service will suffisr 
 from it : All carriages to be suffered to return 
 home after the Service is performed, and are not 
 to be stopped on the way : One hundred men to 
 be ordered from the Parishes of Contrecoeur and 
 Vercherres to work on the Roads between St, 
 John's and Chamblee : They will be furnished 
 with Provisions, and relieved every fortnight. 
 
 The Regiments to be under Arms in their 
 several Cantonments for two hours, and no more 
 in the cool of every Morning to prepare them- 
 selves for active Service : No Exercise need be 
 practised, except Loading, Levelling, charging 
 with Bayonets, and marching, in which it is 
 meant to comprehend changing front by Divis- 
 ions, and by Files ; suffering the Regiment to 
 break and form upon one given point, either by 
 
198 HadderCs Orderly Books. 
 
 a file from Right, Left or Centre : The Order of 
 forming is to be at two deep, and the Files 1 8 
 Inches asunder. 
 
 All Parades of the Regiments to be with 
 Arms : The men not to be kept more than one 
 hour at an Evening Parade. 
 
 A weekly State from each Brigade to be given 
 in every Monday, beginning next Monday 
 Se'night : The form to be taken from the Ad- 
 jutant General. 
 
 Chamblee 
 June, 1776. 
 
 1 
 
 Rank and File. 
 
 
 REGIMENTS 
 
 Q 
 
 C 
 
 8 
 
 a. 
 
 2 S 
 
 -s g 
 
 *i 4-* 
 
 •0 
 
 c 
 « 
 
 E 
 
 E 
 
 ,0 
 
 e 
 
 
 S 
 e 
 
 > 
 U 
 
 w 
 kl 
 w 
 
 « 
 
 
 e 
 
 u 
 
 2 
 
 'H. 
 
 X 
 e 
 
 u 
 
 < 
 
 Alterations in 
 Officers since 
 last Return. 
 
 39th 
 47th 
 
 &C&C 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 G. O. Chamblee y iptn^june^ ^77^' 
 
 Parole — St. Mark. C. S. — Isle aux Noix. 
 
 Mr. Rousseaux V is appointed*Quarter Master 
 to the Commander in Chief at[ Head Quarters, 
 and is to be obeyed as such. 
 
 tj. Assistant Commissary J. Rousseau 
 was included in the Saratoga Convention 
 and signed the Cambridge Parole. He 
 
 was exchanged Sept. 3, 178 1. [K. J. 
 64.] 
 
HadderCs Orderly Books, 199 
 
 G. O. ChambUe, 1st July, 1776. 
 
 Parole — St. Luke. C. S. — Sorel. 
 
 A List of all the Volunteers in the Army is 
 immediately to be given in to the General, speci- 
 fying the Regiments to which they respectively 
 belong. 
 
 Such Regiments as have not given in a list of 
 their Artificers to give it in without delay. The 
 Brigades to be more attentive in sending their 
 Orderly Officers to Head Quarters. 
 
 Brigadier Powel's Brigade to send an Orderly 
 Officer to Head Quarters to receive 4 days' 
 Orders, viz't from the 27th of June to the ist of 
 July. 
 
 ' ♦ 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 
 Brigade Orders. C ham b lee, ist Juiyy 1776. 
 
 Captain Carter's Company with either 
 Captain Walker's or Captain Borthwick's 
 Company (whichever is the strongest of the 
 two) are to march immediately to Cham- 
 blee, and encamp upon the ground which is 
 marked out for them near the Fort. Their 
 Baggage, Tents, Camp Equipage, four Light Six 
 Pounders, with their Stores, and as many rounds 
 as two small Ammunition Carts can carry are to 
 accompany them, and are to be conveyed in five 
 
200 H addends Orderly Books. 
 
 Batteaux, which are sent for that purpose : If 
 there is any overplus it must be sent by Land, 
 hiring Horses and Carriages at the usual Rate. 
 
 One of the remaining Companies is to con- 
 tinue at St. Charles with the rest of the Stores 
 till further Orders : The other is to canton as 
 near the Artillery Transports at Santour as possi- 
 ble in order to assist and direct the disembarka- 
 tion of the Stores from the Ships agreeable to 
 such Orders as they may receive from tirr . to 
 time, which Stores are to be embarked in Boats, 
 and transported up the River either by towing or 
 otherwise. 
 
 The Howitzers (both 8 Inch and Royal) with 
 the Heavy and Medium 12 Pounders, and the 
 Shells and Shot belonging to them are to be dis- 
 embarked and sent up to Chamblee, as soon as 
 possible after the arrival of the Company at Sant- 
 our : Such Batteaux or Boats as may be wanted 
 exclusive of the Gondola (which will be sent 
 down as soon as she is unloaded) and the Boats 
 belonging to the Artillery Transports are to be 
 applied for to the Commanding Officer of the 
 Navy at Sore) or the Agent of the Transports. 
 Those Ships that draw most Water are to be first 
 unloaded in preference to the others, where the 
 nature of the Stores demanded will allow of it. 
 
 Articles which are to be ordered to Chamblee 
 by the first conveyance. 
 
 _JiiiiiiiiilikiifeiiMi 
 
Hadden's Orderly Books. 201 
 G^rdon^^ ^^^^^'s Tent and Marquee for Major 
 
 Six Officer's Do. con^plete. 
 
 shire ^^^"^^^ ^ Instruments from the Devon- 
 
 G- O. ChambUe, 2nd July. 1776 
 
 P«r«/._St. John. C. 5._Three Rivers. 
 
 G. O ChamiUe, yd July, lyyt. 
 
 Parole— St. Augustine. C. S.— La Prairie 
 
 Four Companies of tlie 29th Regiment are to 
 
 remam at Montreal : Tlie Officerf and Men to 
 
 be quartered m the Barracks : The other four 
 
 Companies of that Regiment to March and 
 
 Quarter at La Chene : They will taice the"r 
 
 Camp Equipage with them, that they may en- 
 
 greabl" Cantonments become disa- 
 
 29th Regiment on the Road leading up the 
 River : and Sir John Johnston's Regiment higher 
 up than the 8th Lieutenant Colonel Sir Thn 
 Johnston ek „,„ command the Cantonments. 
 
 26 * 
 
202 Hadderi's Orderly Books. 
 
 Major French ^^ will command at Montreal 
 till further Orders : he will make strict enquiry 
 into the conduct of all strangers : attention should 
 also be paid to the Conduct of certain Persons 
 residing there, well known to all the creditable 
 Inhabitants of the Town to be little better than 
 Traitors to the King. 
 
 and while on a visit to the mother 
 country Nov. 22, 1765, was knighted 
 by George III. in his father's lifetime as 
 a mark uf favor to the father.' He was 
 married to Mary Watts, daughter of the 
 Hon. John Watts of his Majesty's Coun- 
 cil, June 30, 1773, and on the death of 
 his father, Sir William Johnson, July 
 lith of the next year, he succeeded to 
 Johnson Hall and large landed estates in 
 the neighborhood, in Tryon county, about 
 twenty-four miles from Schenectady, on 
 the Mohawk River. He likewise auc- 
 cr.:ded his father as major-general in the 
 '/lilitia of New York, his appointment 
 bearing date in November of that year.' 
 His family was so prominent, and his 
 influence was so great, that, upon the 
 beginning of hostilities with Great Britain, 
 so much solicitude was felt as to his course, 
 a watch was set upon him, and pledges 
 exacted for his pacific conduct. It was 
 only natural that a family that had re- 
 ceived so much from the crown should 
 favor the royal cause, and Sir John 
 was viewed with suspicion from the (irsc, 
 and all his movements were construed as 
 inimical to the popular cause. Accord- 
 ingly in May, 1776, steps were taken to 
 apprehend him, but he received timely 
 notice of the preparations being made, 
 and hastily packing up a few of his 
 effects, and summoning a number of his 
 tenants and neighbors who sympathized 
 with him, he escaped with them to 
 Canada, after enduring nineteen days 
 
 el. See Appendix 19 
 
 terrible suffering in the woods through 
 which they travelled. Sir John now 
 became a pronounced tory of the molt 
 bitter type. Lady Johnson was removed 
 to Albany and detained as a kind of 
 hostage for the peaceable conduct of her 
 husband, but she nevertheless gave much 
 information to him, and to the tories, 
 both in New York and Canada, so that 
 the Albany Council ordered her removal 
 from that part of the country. She 
 finally made her escape to New York 
 and joined her husband in Canada. 3 
 
 Arrived in Canada .Sir John was at 
 once appointed a colonel in the British 
 service, and actively set about raising an 
 organization of loyalists, who either had 
 accompanied him from New York, or 
 who soon followed him. This corps was 
 divided into two battalions, and was 
 known as the Royal Regiment of New 
 York, and as the Queen's Loyal Ameri- 
 cans: it was, likewise, popularly known as 
 Johnson's Royal Greens, and it acquired a 
 most unenviable notoriety in the Mohawk 
 valley on account of its barbarity. Sir 
 John, with his regiment, formed part of 
 St. Leger's «—>edition in 1777', and the 
 inglorious ic^- '•; of the British before 
 Fort Schuyler (ur Stanwix land their sub- 
 sequent return, not to say flight, to 
 Canada, did not tend to diminish Sir 
 John's bitterness towards his neighbours 
 of the Mohawk valley that espoused the 
 popular cause. Sir John's corps formed 
 a part of the force which in the latter 
 
HadderCs Orderly Books, 203 
 
 He will order to be confined all Persons whose 
 behaviour may require it : and Reports are to be 
 made of all extraordinaries to Head Quarters. 
 
 All the Carpenters and Sawyers, and one good 
 Smith from each Regiment, except Brigadier 
 Frazer's Corps, to be sent to Chamblee so as to 
 arrive on the 5th Instant. A Proportion of 
 
 part of Sept., 1777, was sent under Oen. 
 Maclean to the relief of Ticonderoga 
 when menaced by an American force. 
 Sir John'^ corps was to have proceeded 
 southward and effected a junction with 
 Burgoyne, but the toils of adversity so 
 quickly tightened round the latter officer, 
 that Sir John's force did not get beyond 
 Ticonderoga, where it remained until 
 that fort was abandoned, when it re- 
 turned to Canada. 4 
 
 In 1780, Sir John made a predatory in- 
 cursion into his native villey which he 
 ravaged with fire and swori ; and the 
 Indians, that accompanied him, spared 
 neither age nor sex. Sir John having 
 been defeated at Fox's Mills, was forced 
 to abandon his spoils, and to retreat in 
 haste, though Sir Frederick Haldimand, 
 the Governor General of Canada, in his 
 official report to Lord George Germaine of 
 this affair, says — "I cannot finish without 
 expressing to your Lordship the perfect 
 satisfaction which I have from the zeal, 
 spirit and activity with which Sir John 
 Johnson has conducted this arduous en- 
 terprise." 5 
 
 On the 14th of March, 1782, Sir John 
 was appointed " Commissioner, Superin- 
 tendent General and Inspector General 
 of the Six Nations of Indians and their 
 Confederate3,and of all the Indian Nations 
 inhabiting the Province of Quebec and the 
 Frontiers,"' a position he held a number 
 of years, though the name of the office 
 was afterwards abbreviated to " Inspector 
 
 General and Superintendent General of 
 Indian Affairs throughout America."^ 
 October 21st of the same year he was 
 appointed a brigadier-general of provin- 
 cial troops, and Capt. Scott of the 53d 
 Regt., was made his major of brigade.^ 
 Sir John was included in the New York 
 Act of Attainder, and all his estates were 
 confiscated. At the close of the Revo- 
 lution he settled in Canada, where he 
 received grants of land from the crown, 
 and where in addition to other offices held 
 by him he was colonel of the six battalions 
 of the militia of the eastern townships 
 of Lower Canada, and a member of the 
 Legislative Council.9 J' 
 
 Stone, in an appendix o his Life of Sir 
 William Johnson, vol. 2, 529, says that 
 Sir John was the last provincial grand- 
 master for the upper district of the colony 
 of New York. 
 
 yiThe following is extracted from a very 
 interesting paper upon Sir John Johnson 
 in the American Historical Record for 
 August, 1874, from the pen of William C. 
 Bryant. •' The Baronet during his long 
 and busy life, had no permanent and 
 fixed abode, but resided at different 
 points in Canada, at Montreal, Lachine, 
 Kingston, &c. It was his custom to 
 spend the hot months at his shooting- 
 box, or country house, located at a spot 
 called Mount Johnson, on a large tract 
 known as the Seignory of Monnoir, in the 
 county of Iberville, and which had been 
 granted him by the British government. 
 
204 Hadden's Orderly Books, 
 
 Tents &c to be sent equal to the number of men, 
 and each Regiment is to send a careful Serjeant 
 to take charge of the Men. 
 
 These Soldiers, working as Artificers, are to 
 have one Shilling British a day, and to be allowed 
 Grog with their Provisions. The Serjeant from 
 each Regiment to be allowed one Shilling and 
 
 He pofseued also a imall countty 
 
 •eat at Twickenham, near London, Eng- 
 land, which he made his residence dur- 
 ing hit frequent and protracted visits to 
 the old country. Not a vestige now re- 
 mains of Sii John's residence at Mount 
 Johnson, the. estate, which was sacrificed 
 for a quartei of its real value, having 
 pasted out of the family in 1827. Hit 
 hospitality was proverbial. In fact the 
 financial embarrassments which clouded 
 hit later years, and wrecked hit fortune 
 at latt, were mainly due to his princely 
 and prodigal manner of living, and the 
 tacriiices he made to place his children, 
 at they arrived at maturity, in positions 
 
 of comparative independence Sir 
 
 John died at the residence of his daugh- 
 ter, Mrs. Bowers, in the city of Mont- 
 real, January- 4, 1830. His funeral was 
 attended by a larger concourse of people 
 of all classes than ever assembled in the 
 Canadas to pay respect to the memory of 
 an eminent citizen. His remains were 
 deposited in the family vault at Mount 
 Johnson, and on one of the stones, over 
 the entrance, it the simple inscription : 
 'To the Memory of Sib John Johnson, 
 who died on the 4th January, 1830, in 
 the 89th year of his age.*/ 
 > " Hit family consisting of eight sons 
 and three daughters, are all deceased. 
 The latt, an unmarried daughter, died at 
 Montreal on the itt day of January, 
 1868. Of the lontteven were in the 
 Britiih army, and one, the father of the 
 prettnt baronet, tcrvcd a thort time in the 
 
 British navy. Sir John was an old man 
 at the period of the last war with Eng- 
 land, but it is somewhat singular that 
 none of his sons were engaged in that 
 struggle." 
 
 In the hittorical introduction to the 
 Orderly Book of Sir John Johnson, 
 [Munsell's Historical Series, No. 11,] 
 the trenchant pen ot General J. Watti 
 de Peyster has given a vigorous and 
 elaborate defence of the conduct and 
 character of Sir John. This wat a 
 veritable labor of love with General de 
 Peyster, who was connected by family 
 tiet with Sir John Johnson, and a 
 number of whose kinsmen, moreover, 
 served as officers under the crown durin^, 
 our Revolutionary struggle. While not 
 sharing General de Feyster's views to 
 any considerable extent as to Sir John 
 Johnson in particular, yet it does seem, 
 in regard to loyalists in general, during 
 the war for independence, that as undue 
 violence is the invariable accompaniment 
 of all rebellions, so that of our forefathers 
 was no exception to the general rule; 
 and though the bitterness of a family 
 quarrel characterized both sides alike, 
 yet the acts of attainder and confiscation 
 with which our patriotic ancestors drove 
 their relatives and former friends and 
 neighbors into exile and poverty for a no 
 more heinous offence than adhering to a 
 government under which they had all 
 grown up together, even if some of itt 
 acts were utterly unjustifiable, — were 
 harth to a degree far beyond the necesti- 
 
HadderCs Orderly Books. 205 
 
 three Pence per diem. These Detachments arc 
 to assemble at the Camp of Artillery at Cham- 
 blee where Orders will be given to t:hem. 
 
 The Brigades may use Cartridges for Exercise, 
 but the Ball is to be most carefully preserved 
 except twenty for each Recruit, and ten for every 
 other Soldier of each Regiment, which may be 
 expended for firing at marks, or otherwise, at the 
 orders of the Brigadier General. 
 
 A Return to be given in from each Regiment 
 to Major General Phillips on Saturday next of 
 the number of Ball in Store, that Powder, Paper 
 and Twine may be ordered for the Regiments to 
 make into Cartridges. 
 
 The Brigades will take care to preserve eight- 
 een Rounds for Service. 
 
 Lieutenant Harrington «"* of the 20th Regi- 
 ment is appointed Assistant Quarter Master Gen- 
 tles of the case. The riper experiences those who were in their day, as we 
 of our country in our own day have think, a too law abiding people; — an 
 doubtless tended to somewhat mollify unjust law being a form of oppression to 
 former asperities of judgment, and to con- which a refusal to submit is justifiable 
 vince many holding widely different in theory, though very difficult to put 
 views, that mere difference of opinion, into practice. ['G. R. 573-593: G. S. 
 however sturdily upheld, after having 641, et pott: G. A. 41. "W. l6o : 
 been submitted to, and settled by, the K. V. 577-582. 3£, jo : F. 818-830: 
 final arbitrament of the sword, was no H. 447, 641-648, 913. ^F. C. 24. 
 adequate justification for wholesale pro- SH. O. 25. *H. U. »K. P 'F. E. 
 scription and enforced banishment and 207. 'I. F. 91.] 
 confiscation. It seems, likewise, as if 
 
 the great majority of American writers, em. Henry Harrington entered the 
 
 content with contemplating the actors British service Oct. 15, 1759, as an en- 
 
 in our great initial struggle on their own sign in the 5th Foot, then in Germany, 
 
 side alone, have meted out but scanty He was promoted to be a lieutenant 
 
 justice to the motives and conduct of April 2, 1762; but at the peace of 
 
2o6 Hadden's Orderly Books, 
 
 eral, and is to be obeyed as such. Captain 
 Alexander Scott ^'^ of the 53d Regiment is ap- 
 pointed Assistant Commissary to Brigadier Gen- 
 eral Powell's Brigade. 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 
 Brigade Orders. Chambl^e, \th 'July, 1 776. 
 
 First Lieutenant Dunbar «^ is immediately to 
 proceed down the River Sorel, and to inform 
 
 1763, when the: additional companies 
 of hit regiment were reduced, he went 
 upon half-pay, and 80 remained till Jan, 
 21, 177Z, when he was commissioned a 
 lieutenant in the 20th Foot', which 
 regiment he accompanied to Canada in 
 the spring of 1776. He was appointed 
 an assistant quaster-m aster-general July 
 3, 1776, and in this capacity he seems 
 to have acted through that year, as well 
 as the following year on Burgoyne's ex- 
 pedition." He became a captain in the 
 62d Foot March 18, 1777, and his name 
 appears in the Army Lists for the last 
 time in 1786.* ['B. H. »E. Z.] 
 
 tn. Alexander Scoct belonged to the 
 Amily of Scott of Logie. He was a 
 lineal descendant in the seventh genera- 
 don, of Sir James Scott, Knt., of 
 Balweiry, and was the eldest son of John 
 Scott, by his wife, Margaret Wood. 
 The date of hit birth we cannot fix, but 
 his next younger brother, William Scott, 
 was born June 23, 1736. Alexander 
 entered the British service as an ensign 
 in the 2d Battalion of the 37th Foot 
 Oct. 3, 1757; and when that battalion 
 wat detached and renumbered in 1758, 
 hit regimental designation became the 
 75th Foot. He was promoted to a 
 lieutenancy May 17, 1759, but at the 
 peace of 1763, hit regiment was dis- 
 
 banded, and he went upon half-pay. 
 He returned to active service Feb. 11, 
 1767, when he was commissioned at a 
 lieutenant in the 53d Foot, though 
 some of the Army Lists give iihe date at 
 Dec. 25, 1765, which is doubtless a 
 mistake. He was promoted to a cap- 
 taincy May 24, 1775, *"<' accompanied 
 the 53d to Canada in the spring of 
 1776, on the 1 2th of June in which 
 year he was appointed assistant com- 
 missary of Powell's Brigade. He went 
 on Burgoyne's expedition in 1777, but 
 as his regiment was ordered back to Ti- 
 conderoga Aug. loth, he escaped the 
 fate of the main army. On the British 
 evacuation of Ticonderoga in Nov., 1777, 
 Capt. Scott returned to Canada with 
 the portion of the regiment not captured 
 in the American attack on that fortress 
 in the preceding September. He died 
 in the spring of 1778, leaving one son, 
 John, who died without issue in 1801. 
 Capt. Alexander Scott must not be con- 
 fused with Capt. Thomas Scott, who 
 was transferred from the 24th to the 
 53d Foot, Oct. 8, 1777. [B. H : B. 
 T: F. E. i8,9S.] 
 
 to. James Dunbar entered the Royal 
 Artillery as a private in May, 1752, and 
 after sixteen years of faithful service wat 
 rewarded with a comroittion, having 
 
HadderCs Orderly Books. 207 
 
 himself particularly by every means in his power, 
 what Ordnance Stores are arrived in any part of 
 the River, in Vessels, or Boats, either from 
 Quebec, or Three Rivers, which are to be taken 
 an Account of, and assistance applied for either 
 from Major Williams', or Captain Borthwick's 
 Company (if necessary) to forward them up the 
 River, as soon as possible. 
 
 He will then proceed to wherever the Hope- 
 well may be, and inform Captain Hosmer that 
 Major General Phillips directs a Report to be 
 immediately transmitted to him, of the causes 
 of the delays, which have so long retarded that 
 Transport behind the Fleet, particularizing every 
 step that has been taken in their progress up the 
 River, from their departure from Quebec down 
 to the present time. The Noncommissioned 
 
 been promoted to be a lieut -fireworker burey mentions him as having charge of 
 in the 2d Battalion of the Royal Artil- the American Capt. Van Swearingham 
 lery Jan. i, I759' He became a 2d of Morgan's Rifle Corps, who had been 
 lieut. Jan. 23, 1765, and a ist lieut. taken prisoner at Freeman's Farm Sept. 
 Jan. I, 1771.' He belonged to the de- 19, 1777. Lieut. Dunbar was pro- 
 tachment of artillery that served in moted during his captivity to a capt.- 
 Canada in 1776, and formed a part of lieutenancy, his commission bearing 
 Burgoyne's force in 1777. Aug. 13, date Nov. 21, 1777'; and he was m- 
 1777, he was attached by order of Gen. changed Sept. 3, 1781.3 After his ex- 
 Phillips, to Capt. Walker's company, change he served in New York.* He 
 and Aug. 4, 1777, he was appointed became a captain Dec. 3, 1781, and 
 assistant commissary of horses of the commanded successively No. 5 Corn- 
 artillery, and had charge of the brigades pany 2d Battalion, now " 8" Battery, 
 belonging to the wings of the army, and 3d Brigade, and No. i Company, 3d 
 to the advanced corps and German re - Battalion, now " A " Battery, 4th 
 serves.' He served throughout the Brigade.! He died in New York, Aug. 
 
 campaign and was embraced in Bur- 11, 1783.' ['G. U: B. H. *£. Z 
 goyne's surrender, his name being at- 'K. 
 tacbed to the Cambridge Parole. An- 220, 
 
 goyne's surrender, his name being at- >K. J. 64. ^b. P. 113. SC. Z. 181, 
 
2o8 HadderCs Orderly Books, 
 
 Officers and Privates are to disembark, and march 
 to Chambl6e under Lieutenant Dunbar. Cap- 
 tain Hosmer will remain on board till the Ship 
 joins the Fleet. 
 
 G. O. Chamblie, \th July, 1776. 
 
 Parole — St. Columbus. C. S. — Longueil. 
 
 The weekly State to be given in next Monday : 
 there must be two Copies from each Brigade ; 
 one Copy for Lieutenant General Burgoyne, and 
 the other for Major General Phillips. 
 
 Lieutenant Samuel Curry «P of the 21st Regi- 
 ment, is appointed assistant Commissary to Brig- 
 adier General Gordon's Brigade. 
 
 G. O. ChambUe, ^th July, 1776. 
 
 Parole — St. Paul. C. S. — Montreal. 
 
 The Troops in the Cantonments not to be 
 alarmed at the firing of Cannon, as the Artillery 
 will practise with Powder at Chamblee. 
 
 The different Corps to send in immediately to 
 the Quarter Master General a Return of what 
 
 ep. Samuel Currie entered the British Quebec, he accompanied it thither. July 
 
 military service March 14, 1766,33 a 2d 4, 1776, he was appointed assistant com- 
 
 lieut. in the 21st Foot, or Royal North roissary to Brigadier General Gordon's 
 
 British Fuzileers, which was then in brigade, and the next year he accom- 
 
 America; and he was promoted to a panied Burgoyne upon his expedition. 
 
 1st lieutenancy Feb. 21, 1772. He re- He was killed at the battle of Freeman's 
 
 turned home with his regiment from Farm Sept. 19, 1777. [B. H : G. V. 
 
 America, and when, in the spring of 175 : £. Z.] 
 1776, it was ordered to Canada tu relieve 
 
HadderCs Orderly Books. 209 
 
 B^t, Baggage, and Forage money they have re- 
 ceived before they arrived in Canada. 
 
 The Staff is to give in immediately a Return 
 of the Ration, Bat, and Baggage money, that 
 will become due to them for One Hundred 
 Days, to the Quarter Master General for which 
 a Warrant will be immediately granted. 
 
 G. O. ChambUe, July 6th, 1776. 
 
 Parole — St. Morris. C. S. — Quebec. 
 
 A Guard consisting of a Noncommissioned 
 Officer, and Six Privates, are to be sent tomorrow 
 morning to the Portage, which Guard is to take 
 care of Batteaux, Cordage, Casks, or Stores of 
 every kind which may occasionally be left there. 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 
 Brigade Orders. Chamblee, 6th July, ^77^" 
 
 Major General Phillips has appointed Second 
 Lieutenant Houghton «!/ to be Firemaster to the 
 
 eq. William Houghton commenced 
 hit long service in the Royal Ar- 
 tillery as a private, in Dec, 1745. 
 He was commissioned a lieut.-Areworker 
 June 27| 1762; a 2d lieut. Jan. i, 
 1771; a 1st lieut. June 25, 1777 i a 
 capt. -lieutenant July 17, 1779; and a 
 captain Nov. 21, 1783. He served in 
 the artillery on Burgoyne's campaign, 
 was included in the Saratoga Convention, 
 and remained a prisoner till Sept. 3, 
 1781, when he w-is exchanged ^ after 
 which he served in New Yorlc. May 21, 
 
 27 
 
 1790, he was transferred to the Invalid 
 Battalion of the Royal Artillery, and he 
 died at Guernsey, Aug. 22, 1803.' 
 
 The fire-master, to which position 
 Lieut Houghton was appointed by the 
 order in the text, attended to the mak- 
 ing up of all kinds of ammunition, 
 whether for practice or service ; and if 
 there was a laboratory he bad charge of 
 it, and was accountable for all tools and 
 materials used therein.* ['G. U : K. J. 
 64: D. P., 113. »G. N.] 
 
2IO H add en's Orderly Books. 
 
 Detachment of the Royal Artillery in Canada, 
 and he is to be obeyed as such. 
 
 The Serjeants and Corporals are for the future 
 to use Carbines instead of Halberts ^ when on 
 Duty. 
 
 G. O. ChambUe, -jth 'July, 1776. 
 
 Parole — St. Thomas. C. S. — Chambl6e. 
 
 It is the Commander in Chiefs Orders that 
 all the different Regiments of the Army in 
 making up their Returns for each month, shall 
 set down as present with their Regiment, all the 
 Officers, and Noncommissioned Officers now 
 present in Canada, whether on Detachment or 
 Command, and also that they omit stating in 
 their Monthly Returns, any of the Officers or 
 Noncommiss! ")ned Officers belonging to the ad- 
 ditional Companies in Great Britain or Ireland. 
 
 Captain Arthur James Pomeroy ^ of the 9th 
 Regiment of Dragoons is appointed to act as 
 Aide de Camp to Major General Phillips. 
 
 er. An halbert was a weapon for- 
 merly carried by the lergeants of foot and 
 artillery. It wai a sort of spear, the 
 shaft of which was about five feet long, 
 generally made of ash. Its head was 
 armed with a steel point, edged on both 
 sides. Besides this point, which was in 
 a line with th? shaft, there was a cross- 
 piece of iron, flat and turned down at 
 one end, but not very sharp, so that it 
 served equally to cut down or thrust 
 writh. [G. N.] 
 
 a. Arthur James Pomeroy entered 
 
 the British service as a cornet of the 5tb, 
 or Royal Irish Dragoons, Feb. lo, 1770, 
 and was promoted to be a lieutenaist May 
 I9i i773t 'n<i capt.-Iieutenant of the 
 9th Dragoons, Feb. 24, 1775. He was 
 appointed an aid to Maj. Gen. Phillips, 
 then in Canada, July 7, 1776, and he 
 so acted throughout that year. Oct. 5, 
 1776, he became a captain in the ist 
 Regt. of Horse, which was then in Ire- 
 land, and he was promoted to be major 
 of the 9th Dragoons Feb. 14, 1779. 
 He appears in the Army Luts for the 
 last time in 1784. [B. H.] 
 
Hadden's Orderly Books » 211 
 
 Mr. Edward Merida«' is permitted to do duty 
 as Volunteer in the Royal Regiment of Artillery 
 
 G. O. ChambUe, HtA July, \jj6— Monday. 
 Parole — St. Anne. C. S. — Pointe aux Trembles. 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 Brigade Orders. 8th July, 1776. 
 
 Captain Mitchelson is to detain as many Bat- 
 teaux at St. Charles, as will be required for the 
 Guns, and all the Artillery Stores still remaining 
 there, which with the heavy Baggage of the 
 Company is to be immediately sent to Chambl^e 
 under the care of a Guard commanded by a 
 careful Noncommissioned Officer : The rest of 
 the Batteaux will proceed to Santours to take in 
 another loading from the Ships. 
 
 Upon the Stores being all embarked at St. 
 Charles, Major Williams* Company is to march 
 to Chamblee and encamp there. 
 
 ct. Edward F. Merida entered the hisn amc being attached to the Catn- 
 
 Bricish military service as a volunteer bridge Parole. Oct. 31, 1781, he was 
 
 July, 7, 1776, in the d<:tachinent of the promoted to a lieutenancy in Capt. Wm. 
 
 Royal Artillery serving in Canada, and Thomas's Independent Company of Foot, 
 
 on the 24th of the following September which was soon after regimented into 
 
 he was appointed an acting zd lieut. in " a Corps of Foot " under Major Com- 
 
 the artillery, but he was never commis- mandant Benjamin Fish. At the peace 
 
 sioned in that corps. His first com- of 17S 3 Fish's Corps was disbanded, and 
 
 mission was as ensign in the 24th Foot, Lieut. Merida went upon half-pay, and 
 
 and bore date Nov. 27, 1776. The never again entered active service Hii 
 
 next year he served with his regiment name appears in the Army Lists for the 
 
 through Burgoyne's campaign, and wai last time in 1780, [B. H. E. Z.] 
 embraced in the Saratoga Convention, 
 
212 Hadderi's Orderly Books. 
 
 The Surgeon is to bring the Sick up to Cham- 
 blee in the Batteaux provided they can be re- 
 moved without danger, and that the itchy 
 Patients are perfectly recovered, otherwise he is 
 to remain with them at St. Charles till they are 
 so. 
 
 The Commissary of Artillery is to be particu- 
 larly attentive that the Guns, Carriages, and Stores 
 are complete and in good order when landed, and 
 if otherwise, that they be immediately reported 
 to the Commanding Officer for their being re- 
 placed or repaired. 
 
 G. O. Chamblee,()thjuly, 1776. 
 
 Parole — St. Francis. C. S — Varenne. 
 
 In making out the weekly State of Brigades, 
 the Grenadiers and Light Infantry are not for 
 the future to be inserted, and it must be specified 
 what alterations of Recruits or otherwise have 
 taken place since last Return. 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 
 Brigade Orders. Chamblee, ()th July^ ^77^- 
 
 The Commissary of Artillery is immediately 
 to make the best of his way to ^ebec, where he 
 will probably meet with two Artillery Transports 
 from England^ which arc to be ordered to pro- 
 
Hadden^s Orderly Books, 213 
 
 ceed up to Santour in the river Sorely provided 
 their draught of Water will permit, otherwise, that 
 they go up as high as possible, and convey their 
 Stores to Chamblee in such Boats and Batteaux as 
 can be procured, applying to the Captains of 
 Parishes for Canadians to navigate them under 
 the direction of careful men belonging to the 
 Detachment of Artillery. If time will permit 
 before the Ships leave ^uebec^ the Powder is all to 
 be disembarked, and left there, but no time is to 
 be lost for this. 
 
 If the Ships should be delayed in the River by 
 contrary Winds, or other accidents, the same 
 Steps as are above directed must be taken for 
 forwarding the Stores to ChambUe without loss 
 of time. 
 
 Lieutenant Hadden will see these Orders 
 strictly adhered to : and he is not to fail report- 
 ing from time to time the progress he has made 
 and any Extraordinaries that may occur, to the 
 Commanding Officer of Artillery at Chamblee, 
 as will also Mr. Commissary Schaw.^" 
 
 G. O. ChambUe, loth July, 1776. 
 
 Parole — St. Louis. C. S. — Vercherre. 
 
 Ensign John Rotten «" of the 47th Regiment 
 
 *u. CommiMary Schaw was, undoubt- ev. John Rotton, or Rutten was doubt- 
 
 edly, Alexander Schaw, who, in 1782, lest a nephew of Sir Ouy Carleton, whoM 
 
 was a commttsary and paymaster in sister Catherine married John Rotton of 
 
 New York under Sir Guy Carleton. Dubiin>; the person referred to in the test 
 
 [H. C.J without doubt being her son. John 
 
214- Hadde?i*s Orderly Books. 
 
 is appointed Lieutenant in the room of Lieuten- 
 ant French, «"' and Volunteer Gustavus Hamil- 
 ton ^ is appointed Ensign in the room of En- 
 
 Rotton, the subject of this sketch, was 
 commissioned Jan. 28, 1775, as an 
 ensign in Sir Guy Carleton's Regiment, 
 the 47th Foot, then in America, and, 
 he with some other British officers, em- 
 barked at Cork, in the ship Hope, to 
 join his regiment. These officers landed 
 at Gloucester, below Philadelphia, in the 
 early part of August, ignorant apparently 
 of the commencement of actual hostili- 
 ties, and that their landing at that place 
 would sacrifice their liberty. The Penn- 
 sylvania Committee of Safety imme- 
 diately took them prisoners and sent them 
 on parole to Gen. Washington, who 
 ordered them to Harttbrd. Major 
 French, in his Journal, affords us some 
 glimpses of how these officers passed their 
 time in captivity, by giving an account 
 of some of their excursions and of one 
 of their dinners with Gov. Skene, who 
 was likewise a prisoner there. Ensign 
 Rotton must have been very young at 
 this time, as Major French seem3 to have 
 had charge of his money matters. In 
 one of his letters to his wife the testy 
 major wrote as follows : — "Pray acquaint 
 Mr. Roiton and Mrs. McDermott that 
 as their sons have taken the conduct of 
 their money affairs into their own hands, 
 that I cannot take upon me to be 
 accountable for anything that may 
 happen in future, cr that has for some 
 time past. In their difficulties, when 
 taken prisoners, they depended on me ; 
 these over, they cast me off." 
 
 These captive British officers, accord- 
 ing to their own version, received much 
 ill-usage, so that they represented the 
 matter to Congress, and petitioned to be 
 removed elsewhere. Ensign Rutton 
 signed this memorial, which bore date 
 March 2 1, 1776, and was read in 
 Congress on the 7th of the following 
 
 May ; for an account of which the 
 reader is referred to the sketch of Capt. 
 Samuel McKay. Ensign Rotton wai 
 promoted to a lieutenancy July 10, 
 1776, and he remained in Hartford on 
 parole as late, certainly, as July 22, 1776. 
 He served with his regiment throughout 
 Burgoyne's campaign, and was included 
 in that general's capitulation, his name 
 appearing on the Cambridge Parole. 
 July I, 1782, he was made a captain in 
 the 4th Battalion of the 60th, or Royal 
 American Regiment ; and when that 
 battalion was disbanded at the peace of 
 1783, he went upon half-pay, and so 
 remained as long as his name was borne 
 on the Army Lists, its last appearance 
 beingini839. [C. D. 112. B. H: 
 C. M. 188-225: E. 148, 149, 499, 
 639, 1529 : G. 452 : I. 621 .] 
 
 eiv. Arthur French entered the 
 British army as an ensign In the 47th 
 Foot, Dec. 16, 1 77 1, and was promoted 
 to a lieutenancy July 25, 1775. Hii 
 name is borne on the Army Lists as a 
 lieutenant in the 47th, as late as 1783, 
 though from the above order it would 
 seem that he must have left that regi- 
 nent on or before July lo, 1776, when 
 ; ; successor was appointed. [B. H.] 
 
 ex. Gustavus Hamilton entered the 
 British army as a volunteer, and was 
 commissioned as an ensign in the 47th 
 Foot July 10, 1776. Upon Burgoyne's 
 expedition he was, doubtless, with one , 
 of the companies of his regiment at 
 Diamond Island at the time of the 
 Saratoga Convention, as he does not 
 appear to have be*n included in it. He 
 was promoted to a lieutenancy April i, 
 17805 and April 17, 1784, he exchanged 
 with Lieut. Charles Baldwin on to the 
 half-pay of his regiment. He returned 
 
Hadden's Orderly Books. 215 
 
 sign Rotten. George Clairges, ^y Volunteer in 
 the 34th Regiment to succeed Ensign Mc- 
 Farlan ^^ promoted, and George Stevens /« Vol- 
 unteer in the 47th Regiment is appoint ed 
 Ensign to succeed the Honorable Lord Pitt/* 
 resigned. 
 
 to active service July 29, 1796, when he 
 was commissioned as a lieutenant in the 
 30th Foot, and his name appears in the 
 Army Lists for the last time in 1797. 
 
 There was a contemporary Gustavus 
 Hamilton, who was commissioned Oct. 
 ^^> >775> 3' 3" ensign in the 17th 
 Foot, then servint; in America. Nov. 
 18, 1775, he exch.inged into the 15th 
 Foot, likewise in America, in which he 
 became a lieutenant June 20, 1777. 
 Hit name appears in the Army Lists for 
 the last time in 1778. [B. H.] 
 
 ey. George Clerges entered the British 
 army as a volunteer in the 34th Foot, and, 
 according to the above order he became 
 an ensign in the 53d Foot July 10, 
 1776; but on the first of the follow- 
 ing January he exchanged into the 34th 
 Foot, in which he was promoted to a 
 ieutenancy Nov. 5, 1782. His regi- 
 ment went to Canada in the spring of 
 
 1776, but whether he belonged to either 
 of its two light companies that partici- 
 pated in Burgoyne's campaign we have 
 not ascertained. His name appears for 
 the last time in the Army Lists in 
 1783. [B. H.] 
 
 t%, William McFarlane became the 
 quarter-master of the 53d Foot June 
 21, 1772, an ensign therein May 24, 
 1775, *"^ * lieutenant July 10, 1776. 
 He accompanied his regiment to Canada 
 in the spring of 1776. and, doubtless, 
 participated in Burgoyne's campaign, 
 though we find no reference to him in 
 
 1777. Dec. 23, 1785, he exchanged 
 
 with Lieut. Alexander MaitUnd into the 
 half-pay of the looth Foot, and he 
 remained on half-pay as long as he was 
 borne on the Army Lists, his name ap. 
 pearint; for the last time in 1798. [B. H.] 
 
 fa. George Stephens — we adopt the 
 spelling of the Army Lists^-entered the 
 British service as a volunteer, and when 
 Lord Pitt, afterwards the 2d Earl of 
 Chatham, resigned rather than serve 
 against the American Colonies, he was 
 appomted an ensign in the 47th Foot, 
 his commission bearing date July 10, 
 1776. He served in Canada under Gen. 
 Carleton in 1776, and took part in 
 Burgoyne's campaign in 1777, his name 
 being attached to the Cambridge Parole. 
 He became a lieutenant May 17, 1782, 
 and captain-lieutenant Feb. 7, 1794, 
 getting a company of his own the next 
 year He became a major in the army 
 Sept. 25, 1803, and a captain in the 4tb 
 Royal Veteran Battalion Oct. 10, 1805. 
 In the Army List of 18 12 he appears as 
 a captain among the '' ofEcers of the 
 Royal Veteran Battalions receiving Full 
 Pay," and he continues so to appear ai 
 long as his name is to be found in the 
 Army Lists, it appearing for the last time 
 in 1827. [B. H.] 
 
 fb. The Right Hon. John Pitt, 
 second Earl of Chatham, Viscount Pitt 
 of Burton Pynsent, Sumertetshire, and 
 Baron Chatham, a Knight of the Gar- 
 ter, a Privy Councillor, a General in the 
 army , Colonel of the 4th Rrg't of Foot, 
 Governor of Gibraltar, High Steward of 
 
2i6 Haciden's Orderly Books, 
 
 G. O. Chambliey i Uh 'July, 1776. 
 
 Parole — St. Anthony. C. S. — Boucherville. 
 
 His Majesty having ordered to be paid in 
 England to the 21st and 31st Regiments the Bat 
 and Baggage money for the Campaign, and one 
 Hundred Days Forage Money ; 
 
 Colchester, an Elder Brother of the 
 Trinity House, a Governor of the Char- 
 ter House, &c., &c., was the eldest son 
 of William, the great Earl of Chatham, 
 by Lady Hester Grenville, Baroness 
 Chatham, only daughter of Richard 
 Grenville, Esq., and Hester, Countess 
 Temple. He was born Sept. lo, 1756, 
 at a time when his father was Secretary 
 of State, and in the zenith of his glory. 
 Upon William Pitt's obtaining an earl- 
 dom, in 1766, his eldest son became, by 
 courtesy, John, Viscount Pitt. The sub- 
 ject of this sketch entered the army 
 March 14, 1774, as an ensign in the 
 47th Foot, and a few months later ac- 
 companied Gen. Carleton as an aid-de- 
 camp to Canada, where he arrived Sept. 
 17th. The next year when the Amer- 
 icans invaded that province he came 
 very near being captured, and Col. Barre 
 stated in the House of Commons that 
 he had been advised that Gen. Carleton 
 and Lord Pitt were within a quarter of 
 an hour of falling into the hands of the 
 Americans. He resigned his commission 
 in the autumn of 1775, and embarl^ed 
 for England on the ship Pomona, Oct. 
 2d, 1775, arriving in London on the 2d 
 of November. The London Chronicle 
 for Feb. 1-3, 1776, says — "An officer 
 who is just arrived from America, gives 
 an account, that so great a respect and 
 veneration do the people of that country 
 pay Lord Chatham, that upon Lord 
 Pitt's first landing there, they got an 
 exact description of his person, which 
 was given in order* to the riflemen, 
 
 with an intent to spare him upon all 
 engagements : it was likewise given in 
 constant orders, should he be taken pris- 
 oner, to treat him with all imaginable 
 respect, the etiquette of which was even 
 settled in every particular." 
 
 The same paper, in its issue of Feb. 
 20-22, of the same year, says — " We 
 hear, what ultimately decided Lord 
 Chatham in favour of Lord Pitt's resig- 
 nation, was the account this young 
 Nobleman gave of the general respect and 
 veneration paid the name of Chatham 
 all over the American continent; and 
 particularly the standing orders both to 
 the main army and detached parties 
 ' that should Lord Pitt become their 
 prisoner, to treat him with all imaginable 
 respect.' " 
 
 Lord Pitt succeeded to the peerage, 
 as the second Earl of Chatham, soon 
 after he became of age, by the death of 
 his father, May 11, 1778 ; and he thus 
 came into the possession of an annual 
 pension of £3,000, which was conferred 
 on the first earl in 1761 for three lives. 
 An additional pension of £4,000 a year 
 was settled on this peerage by act of 
 Parliament soon after the great Earl of 
 Chatham's death in 1778, so that the 
 subject of this sketch, besides the emol- 
 uments of the various offices he held 
 during his life, enjoyed an annual income 
 of £7,000, or about $35,000. 
 
 June 6, 1778, his lordship again en- 
 tered the army, this time as a lieutenant 
 in the 39th Foot, and he wont to Gib- 
 raltar as aid to Sir Robert Boyd. June 
 
fladderi's Orderly Books. 217 
 
 The Lieutenant General, Majors General, and 
 Brigadiers General with the Staff and officers of 
 the Army, except such as have already received, 
 may give in the abstracts for Bat and Baggage 
 
 30, 17791 ^^ '*" promoted to a cap- 
 taincy in that reg't, from which he ex- 
 changed into the 86th, a new reg't, on 
 the 30th of the following September. 
 Dec. 18, 1782, he became a capt -lieuten- 
 ant in the 3d Foot Guards, which gave 
 him the rank of lieut. -colonel in the 
 army. On the 6th of July, 1788, his 
 brother appointed him First Lord of the 
 Admiralty, and he presided over the 
 Admiralty until the middle of Dec, 
 
 1794. He was sworn a Privy Council- 
 lor April 3, 1789, and he was elected a 
 Knight of the Garter Dec. 15th, 1790. 
 At the time of his death he was the 
 senior knight of that most noble order, 
 with the exception of the sovereign and 
 his royal brothers. He became a 
 colonel in the army Oct. 12, '793, and 
 Lord Privy Seal, the fifth great officer of 
 state, Dec. 17, 1794. He was com- 
 missioned a major-general Feb. 26, 
 
 1795, and he was declared Lord Presi- 
 dent of the Council, the fourth great 
 officer of state, Sept. 24, 1796, the Duke 
 of Portland succeeding him July 30, 
 1801. Thecolonelcy of the 4th Foot, 
 or King's Own, was conferred on him 
 Dec. 5, 1799, and he became a lieut. - 
 general April 29, 1802. He was ap- 
 pointed Master-General of the Ordnance 
 in June, 1801, in which position he 
 continued until the dissolution of the 
 ministry, consequent on his brother's 
 death in Feb., 1806. On the death of 
 his mother April 3, 1803, he succeeded 
 to the Barony of Chatham. In the 
 Army Lists of 1806, and 1807, he ap- 
 pears as Governor of Plymouth ; and 
 in the Lists of 1808, to 1820, inclusive, 
 as Governor of Jersey. On the 31st of 
 March, 1807, he was reappointed to the 
 Master Generalship of the Ordnance, 
 
 28 
 
 which he then held until May, 18 10. 
 In 1809 he was entrusted with the 
 military command of the unfortunate 
 Walcheren expedition, the first and last 
 active command ii.-^ ever held. His 
 lordship attained the foil rank of general 
 Jan. I, 1812, and ht was appointed 
 Governor of Gibraltar Ja.i. 29, 1820, on 
 the death of the Dukf. of Kent. He 
 died at his house in Charles st. Berkeley 
 sq., London, Sept. 24, 1835. 
 
 The Earl of Chatham married the 
 Hon. Mary Elizabeth Townsend, second 
 daughter of Thomas, first Viscount Sid- 
 ney, July 9, 1 7*^3, bu' a!^ she died May 
 21, 1821, leavi.ig no issue, ana he never 
 married again, the peerage became ex- 
 tinct. His Lordship was the last sur- 
 viving peer of the family of Pitt, which 
 has been raised to that dignity in the 
 four titled branches of Rivers, Camel- 
 ford, Chatham, and Londonderry ; and 
 at his death there were but five generals 
 above him on the Army Lists. 
 
 The Earl of Chatham owed his num- 
 erous appointments and exalted position 
 to his distinguished birth and influential 
 connection, rather than to any merit of 
 his own ; and it is very clear that 
 he possessed no military genius. A 
 writer in the London Chronicle at the 
 time of the death of the great Earl of 
 Chatham and the elevation of the son to 
 the peerage, thus refers to the latter, and 
 we fancy with great justice : " Those 
 who have the honour of knowing him 
 say, he is a very quiet character, and 
 much more calculated for the exercise of 
 the milder virtues, than the bustle of a 
 public station." [B. H : E. U. 546 : 
 L. V. 528 : A. S: F. O : K. D. 51 : 
 E. 925: H. 39: H. I. 567: H. f. 
 134: J.G] 
 
2 1 8 HadderCs Orderly Books. 
 
 for the campaign, as also for one Hundred Days 
 Forage Money. 
 
 The Paymasters of the several Regiments to 
 attend with their abstracts on the Quarter Master 
 General and Deputy Adjutant General on the 
 1 3th Instant at 9 o'clock in the Morning. 
 
 A ship is to sail for England in two Days ; any 
 Letters that the Officers or Soldiers of the Army 
 want to send, are to be sent immediately to Head 
 Quarters, where they will be taken care of 
 
 His Excellency the Commander in Chief has 
 been pleased to appoint Doctor Robert Knox f*^ 
 to be Physician, and the Reverend Edward Bru- 
 denell/(? to be Chaplain to the Staff. 
 
 A Serjeant and 12 Men from the ist Brigade 
 to be sent immediately to the Portage, with 2 
 Days Provisions, to carry Boats to St. John's : 
 The Serjeant is to put 3 Men in each Boat, that 
 are to be joined by 3 Canadians. 
 
 /c. Dr. Robert Knox was among 
 the officer* of hospitals for the British 
 forces in No.th America appointed in 
 1776. He held the rank of "Physician" 
 at the first', but Lord George Germainc 
 wrote to Sir Guy Carleton fiom White- 
 hall, March a6th, 1777, as follows : — " I 
 have the satisfaction to acquaint you 
 that his Majrsty has been pleased to ap- 
 point Dr. Knox Inspector General of 
 the Hospitals to the Army under your 
 command, of which he will receive the 
 proper notice from the Secretary of 
 War."- Dr. Knox was transferred from 
 active service to half- pay as inspector 
 general at Canada in 1781, and his 
 
 name appears in the Army Lists for the 
 last time in 1792.' ['B. H. "F. D. 
 167.] 
 
 fJ. It should have been stated in 
 the note on Rev. Edward Brudenel, ante^ 
 page 106, that in " A List of the Officers 
 of the Army serving in North America 
 under the command of His Excellency 
 General Sir Guy Carleton, K B.," for 
 the year 1783, he is found as " Chaplain 
 to the staff," page 18. It will be 
 remembered that at that time Sir Guy 
 Carleton's headquarters were in the city 
 of New York. 
 
Hadden's Orderly Books, 219 
 
 This Party is to be given always at the requi- 
 sition of the Quarter Master General. 
 
 The Serjeant's Party for the Boats to Day are 
 to have Provisions for this Day and tomorrow. 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 
 Brigade Orders. Chamblhy nth July, 1776. 
 
 One Subaltern with twenty Men and a pro- 
 portion of noncommissioned Officers from the 
 Park, are to form a Working Party every Day, 
 to assist in Landing Stores, Mounting Guns, &c. 
 The Major General's intention by this Order is 
 not only to give the Artillery Men a share of 
 this Fatigue with the Line, but likewise for the 
 Instruction of the young Officers and men in so 
 necessary a part of their Duty. 
 
 Conductor Johns with two experienced men 
 per Company are to be fixed with the Laboratory 
 under the direction of Lieutenant Houghton. 
 
 It is Major General Phillips positive Order 
 that no man is suffered to straggle out of Camp, 
 after retreat-beating, and that the Roll is to be 
 called at uncertain hours at Night to see that 
 none are absent. 
 
 In the quick firing Motions the man who 
 rams home, is on falling back, to give the word 
 Fire as usual, but is on no Account to turn his 
 
220 HadderCs Orderly Books. 
 
 head, but keep his Eyes fixed on the Muzzle of 
 the Gun, so that he may be certain when the 
 Gun has fired, before he steps forward to Spunge. 
 
 The Gunner who fires, although he hears the 
 word Fire from the man who rams, is yet not to 
 put the Port-fire to the Vent, but by the Order 
 of the Officer, or non Commissioned Officer, who 
 is at that Gun. 
 
 In quick-firing Practice the Gun is to be 
 spunged between every firing, except now and. 
 then by order of the Commanding Officer, a few 
 rounds may be fired without Spunging to practise 
 the men for a time of Action when this may be- 
 come necessary. The Officers will order Spung- 
 ing again by word of Command. 
 
 The Detachment to practice the quick-firing 
 Motions with Powder on Monday next. 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 
 Brigade Orders. ChambUe^ nth July ^ 1776. 
 
 The Quarter Guard to consist of an Officer, 
 Serjeant, two non Commissioned Officers, and 24 
 Privates; to furnish eight Sentries, one at the 
 Laboratory, one upon the Stores on the Beach, 
 Two on the Flanks of the Encampment, Two 
 upon the Park, One upon the Guard, and one 
 upon the Commanding Officer in Camp. 
 
HadderCs Orderly Books. 22 i 
 
 It is expected that this Guard be very alert 
 and turn out upon all occasions ; to the General 
 with Rested Arms, Officers Salute, Drums beat a 
 march : The Lieutenant General the same. 
 
 TK^^aV ^'""^ ^""'^"g ^"^y three Ruffles: 
 The Majors General, the Officers do not salute. 
 Two Ruffles : The Brigadiers, one Ruffle. To 
 the Commanding Officer in Camp, turn out once 
 a day with rested arms, at other times stand to 
 their Arms. 
 
 The Officer nor any of the men to be absent 
 trom the Guard, but for a certain time at Meals. 
 
 The Picket for Duties of Fatigue to consist of 
 the same number as the Guard, and are to take 
 that Duty on the preceding Day to their Mount- 
 
 The Officer's Guard is to commence on Mon- 
 day next. 
 
 The hours of Exercise in the morning with 
 the Guns to be from Six to Eight under the 
 Orders of a Captain, and all the Subalterns to 
 attend. 
 
 The Evening Parade, as usual, an hour and a 
 nait before retreat beating. 
 
 When the Commanding Officers of Com- 
 panies have occasion to employ any of their Men 
 U must be in those hours when there are no 
 
222 HadderCs Orderly Books, 
 
 Two Second Lieutenants to attend in turn 
 from ten to twelve in the Laboratory, to instruct 
 themselves in that branch of the Service ; they 
 are to prepare Tables, Minutes and Mem- 
 orandums : as an Examination will be held be- 
 fore the Campaign on the Lakes, which the 
 Second Lieutenants are to prepare themselves for. 
 
 G. O, Chamblie, 12th Juiy^ ^11^- 
 
 Parole — St. Cecilia. C. 5. — Point aux Trembles. 
 
 The Guard that is to mount Lt the little 
 Portage tomorrow is to consist of a Subaltern 
 Officer, a Serjeant, two Corporals, and 24 Men ; 
 this Guard is to furnish 3 Men to be put into 
 every Batteaux that goes from the little Portage 
 to St. Johns. 
 
 This Duty to be done by Brigadier General 
 Powel's Brigade and by the Regiments of that 
 Brigade alternatively, and is to be relieved every 
 4 Days. 
 
 The Offals &c. of the several Butcheries to be 
 buried deep in the Ground, and not to be thrown 
 into the River. 
 
 The 100 Workmen for Captain Laws to be 
 continued till further Orders from the ist 
 Brigade. 
 
Hadden's Orderly Books. 
 
 223 
 
 Second Lieutenant William P^^ f. c x. 
 Royal Redmenf nf A .11 ^ ^^*^ °^ ^he 
 AssltanVSLs/rv/f P ""^-^ "PP^^"^^^ Under 
 of ArtilleryrcSa """ ^° '''' ^"S^^^ 
 
 G. O. 
 
 Chamblee, 13th July 1776 
 P-./.- St. Patrick. C...-'d£: 
 
 ?w; r '^''^"'""' Hth July. ,776. 
 rarole — George. re tt 
 
 6 tv.»>. — Hanover. 
 
 P^r../^— Bristol. r- / T^^^' 
 
 rru T^- . ^ *^* — Canada. 
 
 ^^rl^LercT^^^^ ^\ Parishes as 
 
 Horses, or utC'^^TiJ^',^ exc"e"'. ''^^^^ ^"^ 
 Provisions. ^orvees,# except to transport 
 
 Mm;, if ^"* "'"*'* '*"= Royal 
 
 Military Academy at Woolwich, a, a 
 
 camea 2d lieutenant in the ist Battalion 
 KKf"y" Artillery June ,7, ,77," 
 which battalion was stationed in Amer-' 
 .« m 1773 He served with the 
 artillery in Canada in ,776, and ac- 
 
 3'oT' l-T'"'' '" '777 on July 
 I2th, of which year, he was appointed 
 .nder assistant commissary of provisions 
 ^ the brigade of artillery i„ Canada 
 
 r^nH ''"."'•'"''''' •" Burgoyne's sur-' 
 render and signed the Cambridge parole 
 He resigned from the artillery in March, 
 177», to accept promotion in the in- 
 ftntry arm of the ,„vice, having been 
 
 iast time in 1793. 
 
 WiSm r '"""°'!i" "nt'n'porary Capt. 
 William Lox m the 5th Foot. Fusiliera 
 who afterwards exchanged into the 8rH, 
 Foot on half-pay. [B. H : G° u J ^ 
 
 . ff- Corvee is a French word, mean- 
 
 ng .n English, statute labor, hisb";;; 
 
 service, an ungrateful task, drndgeiy, . 
 
224- Hadden's Orderly Books, 
 
 The Inhabitants of St. Therese arc to be em- 
 ployed with their Carts and Horses only, be- 
 tween that place and St. Johns, at the requistion 
 of Brigadier General Frazer. 
 
 G.O. Chamblee, i6th July, xf-jt. 
 
 Parole — London. C. S. — New York. 
 
 The Commanding Officers of Corps will take 
 every opportunity to exercise the Troops in the 
 use and management of Boats, in Embarking, 
 Rowing, Landing, and forming with Celerity ; 
 also in attacking and boarding Boats, or Armed 
 Vessels, that they may be expert in those Ex- 
 ercises should the Rebels be foolish enough to 
 attempt opposition on either Element. 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 
 Brigade Orders. ChambUe^ \6th July, 1776. 
 
 Two ten Inch IVIorters, and eight heavy 24. 
 Pounders with their Stores are to be sent up by 
 the Gondola to Chamblee in such proportions 
 as she can carry with safety. 
 
 job. In Canada it designated the tervice ownen, which Litter furnished this labor 
 which the peasants, or tenants, were to the British. Hence the peasants 
 bound to render their seigneurs, or land doing this work were called corvees. 
 
Madden s Orderly Books. 225 
 
 With the last Embarkation of the above men- 
 tioned Artillery, Captain Borthwick will embark 
 with the remainder of his Company after having 
 left Lieutenant Duvernet/?/ with twenty men 
 and a proportion of Noncommissioned Officers 
 at Saintour ; Such men are to be picked to form 
 this Detachment as can be trusted with the care 
 of the Batteaux that are sent up ; and Orders are 
 to be left for Lieutenant Hadden to proceed 
 with his Detachment to Chamblee upon his 
 arrival at Saintour. The Quarter Master will 
 remain with the Transports till further Orders. 
 
 G. O. ChambUe, \yth July, 1776. 
 
 Parole — Liverpool. C. S. — Philadelphia. 
 Captain Money /^ of the 9th Regiment is ap- 
 
 fg. Abram Duvernet became a 
 gentleman cadet at the Royal Military 
 Academy at Woolwich March I, 1774; 
 a 2d lieut. in the Royal Artillery Jan. 
 II, 1776; a ist lieut. July 7, 1779; a 
 captain lieutenant March 22, 178$ ; a 
 captain Nov. i, 1793; a majur in the 
 army May 6, 1795 ; a major in the 
 artillery April 18, 1801 ; a lieut. -colonel 
 in the army Jan i, 1800; and a lieut.- 
 colonel in the artillery Feb. 11, 1802. 
 He died at Ringmer in Sussex, England, 
 Oct. 23, 1806. [G. U.] 
 
 fk. John Money was born in Nor- 
 wich, England, in or about the year 
 1740*. As early as 1760 he was an 
 ensign in the Norfolk militia,' and he 
 afterwards served as a volunteer in the 
 
 29 
 
 15th, or the King's Regiment of Light 
 Dragoons, and as such was at the 
 battle of Felinghausen, and other engage- 
 ments in 1761.' March 11, 1762, he 
 was commissioned as a cornet in the 6th, 
 or Enniskillen Dragoons, with which 
 regiment he served until Feb. 10, 1770, 
 when he was promoted to a captaincy in 
 the 9th Foot.3 He accompanied his 
 regiment to Canada in the spring of 
 1776, and took part in the operations 
 against the Americans that year under 
 Sir Guy Carleton. July 17, 1776, he 
 was appointed deputy-quarter-master- 
 general, ^ and the next year he accom- 
 panied Burgoyne on his expedition a* 
 such, and had full charge of the quarter- 
 master's department of that army. Capt. 
 Money acted quite an important part, 
 
226 Haddens Orderly Books, 
 
 pointed Deputy Quarter Master General, and is 
 to be obeyed as such. 
 
 according to the British Sergeant Lamb, 
 in Lieut. -Col. Hill's affair with the 9th 
 Regiment, against the Americans, near 
 Fort Ann. Sergeant I^amb, who was in 
 the 9th, gives this version of the matter 
 in his Journal : — " When the troops 
 arrived at the summit of the hill they 
 formed in Indian file, and kept up a well 
 directed fire till all the ammunition was 
 expended ; the enemy observing that the 
 firing ceased, was encouraged to press 
 forward with redoubled vigour, and 
 endeavoured to surround them in order to 
 cut ot}' all retreat. Just at this critical 
 moment a war hoop was heard, which 
 resounded through the wood j this sound, 
 which w.is so obnoxious at th it time to 
 ths Americans, threw them into the 
 utmost consternation. The war hoop 
 was Sounded by captain Money, deputy- 
 quarter-master-general ; he had been 
 detached by general Burgoyne early in 
 the morning from Skeensborough, with 
 a party of Indians, in order to join this 
 detachment} when they came within 
 four miles of Fort Ann, they heard the 
 firing ; Captain Money ordered them to 
 advance as fast as possible to assist, but 
 they refused to obey him, and either 
 stood still or advanced very slow. Being 
 anxiou;i to join the party at all events, 
 he ran forward by himself with all his 
 might, and came to the bottom of the 
 hill where, just as all the ammunition 
 was expended, he gave the war-hoop."* 
 The real cause of the Americans retreat- 
 ing was that they had expended all their 
 ammunition ; ani if the British had done 
 the same, as Anburey asserts, neither 
 knew the other's predicament, so each 
 wished to get away from its antagonist. 
 Capt. Money was at the battles of 
 Freeman's Farm and Bemus' Heights, at 
 the latter of which he was taken pris- 
 oner.* He testified before a Committee 
 of the House of Commons on the ayth 
 
 of May, 1779, in regard to Burgoyne's 
 unfortunate expedition ; but whether he 
 had then been exchanged, or was simply 
 on parole, we do not know.7 As we 
 find one of Lord Cornwallis's proclama- 
 tions issued in 5touth Carolina Sept. 15, 
 1780, attested by "J. Money, Aid de 
 Camp," we infer that Capt. Money 
 returned to America and served on the 
 Earl Cornwallis's staff.* He became a 
 major in the army Nov. 17, 1780, and 
 the major of the 9th Fo..t Sept. 28, 178 1. 
 In 17S4, or early in 1785, he exchanged 
 on to the half pay of the 91st Foot, and 
 he continued on half-pav, as major, from 
 the Army List of 1785 to that of 
 1815.3 
 
 When the people of Belgium took up 
 arms against Austria in 1789-90, Major 
 Money otfered his services to the p.itriots, 
 from whom he received a commission of 
 major-general \ but the resistance not 
 proving successful he returned to Eng- 
 land, and proposed to raise a force of 
 three or four thousand men from the 
 wreck of their army for the British 
 service. His offer was declined, because, 
 it is said. Lord Cornwallis. the com- 
 mander-in-chief in India, desired that 
 no more foreigners might be sent out to 
 him, the Hanoverians under his com- 
 mand being unfit for service.".' He 
 became a lieut.-col-inel in the army Nov. 
 18, 1790-% and in 1792 he presented a 
 memorial to the king earnestly recom- 
 mending the establishment of a corps of 
 riflemen. On the 6th of April, in the 
 next year, be addressed a letter to Lord 
 Amherst, then commander in chief, in 
 which after stating that he had just 
 returned from serving in the French 
 army as maresctal de camp, and had 
 dc .ined the rank of lieut. general in the 
 Brabant service, he endeavoured, but 
 without efiect, to procure a command in 
 the army then raising to join Prince 
 
Hadden^s Orderly Books, 227 
 
 Captain Littlejohn fi is appointed Master At- 
 tendant and Naval Storekeeper from the mouth 
 of Sorel up to St. John's. 
 
 Cobourg. He is taid to have vainly 
 lolicited employment in various subse- 
 quent expeditions ; and on the return of 
 the British troops sent to the Helder 
 under the Duke of York, whose failure 
 he had confidently predicted, he proposed 
 to raise a regiment of ririemen at his own 
 expense, but his otfer was rejected. 
 
 At this time he published " A Treatise 
 on the necessity of having Sharpshooters 
 in the British Service "; and the wjnt 
 of such troops having been sensibly felt 
 by the forces in Holland, two regiments 
 of them were shortly after organized 
 His next publication, of which only forty 
 copies were printed, was ' A Military 
 Description oi the County of Kent 'j 
 and h^ subsequently drew up accounts of 
 the military positions in various other 
 parts of the kingdom, by which he 
 appears to have matetialiy increased his 
 reputation ' He became a culoncl in 
 the army Aug. 21, 1795, and a maj.>r- 
 general June 18, 1798.' In 1799 he 
 addressed a letter to the Right Hon. 
 William Windham on a reorganizati >n 
 of the British army, in which he showed 
 the value of irregu'ars as shirpshooters 
 in an enclosed country. About the 
 same time he addressed another letter to 
 Mr. Windham, in which he strongly 
 censured the practice of Hogging, for 
 which he proposed, in case of desertion, 
 to substitute branding on the shoulder. 
 He also published an address to the 
 people of Norfolk and Satfolk on the 
 threate.ied invasion, which produced 
 such an effect, it is said, that shortly 
 after, three companies of riflemen were 
 raised in Norwich, twelve battalions of 
 volunteers in Norfolk, and almost as 
 many in SulFolk. In addition to these 
 productions he wrote a treatise on the 
 
 use of Martello towers ; a treatise on the 
 use of portable guns for the protection of 
 the coast ; and < An Account of the 
 Revolutionary War oi 1792,* in which 
 he censured the conduct of Dumouriez, 
 although that distinguished general had, 
 it is said, offered him the command of 
 the army of Brabant.' 
 
 He became a lieut.-general Oct. 30, 
 1805, and a general June 4, 18143 On 
 the return of the Bourbons to France he 
 received a cross of St. Louis as a token of 
 gratitude from the restored monarch, 
 having, as it is related in his History of 
 the Revolution, risen from his bed on the 
 night of the 9th or" August, 1792, and 
 proceeded to the Tuileries to assist in 
 protecting Louis XVI, whom, his aid 
 de camp had informed him, the mob of 
 St. Antoine was preparing to massacre. 
 It is alleged that while he was in Paris, 
 about this turbulent period, he regularly 
 transmitted to Gen. Rainsford accounts 
 of every important event that occurred, 
 and that his letters were invariably for- 
 warded, through Lord Granville, to the 
 king, whom, in one of them, he seems 
 to have greatly otfended, by stating that 
 ministers would be either madmen or 
 fools, to engage in a war with France 
 under existing circumst.inces.' 
 
 He was colonel o." the East Norfolk 
 Veomanry Cavalry at the time of his 
 death, which, according to the Gentle- 
 man's Magazine, took place at Trowse 
 Hall, Norfolk, on the 26th of March, 
 1817, when he was in the 78th year 
 of his age. The Georgian Era state* 
 that he died at his estate called Crown 
 Point, near Norwich, in Norfolk, Eng- 
 land.' 
 
 He was eminently instrumental in 
 establishing the title corps, but doubts 
 
 fi. See Appendix 20. 
 
228 Hadden^s Orderly Books. 
 
 G. O. Chamblee, i8M July, 1776. 
 
 Parole - Howe. C. S.~ New York. 
 
 Some Brigades having omitted sending in 
 their weekly State on Monday last, they are de- 
 sired to do it punctually for the future. 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 
 G. O. Chamblee, 19th July, 1776. 
 
 Parole — Clinton. C. S. — Virginia. 
 
 When any Carts loaded with his Majesty's 
 Stores pass from Montreal or elsewhere they are 
 to be put under the charge of a careful Non- 
 commissioned Officer from the different Canton- 
 
 mand j and 
 enjoyed the 
 He appears, 
 considerable 
 
 exist as to his qualifications for com 
 it is clear that he never 
 confidence of government, 
 however, to have possessed 
 talent as a military man, 
 and in animal courage he had few equals. 
 On one occasion during a violent thunder 
 storm, which deterred one who had agreed 
 to accompany him on an aeronautic excur- 
 sion, he entered the car alone, uttering a 
 brutal definnce to the elements, and 
 ascended. After having been carried a 
 distance of thirty miles, the gas in the 
 balloon by some accident rapidly escaped 
 and the balloon fell into the sea. 
 Money, however, though up to his neck 
 in water, clung to the wrecic until 
 rescued by the crew of a vessel, who had 
 luckily discovered his perilous situation. 
 One other incident will serve to illustrate 
 the physical courage of this man. The 
 cause of the sudden death of .Broughton, 
 the celebrated pugilist, which had pre- 
 
 viously been hidden in mystery, was fully 
 revealed on an inspection of Gen. 
 Money's papers. It appeared that Brough- 
 ton, having fallen into difficulties, had 
 resorted to highway robbery, and, un- 
 fortunately for himself, had stopped the 
 general. " 1 know you, Broughton," 
 said Money, " and will not be plundered. 
 Go about your business, and I will never 
 discover you." Broughton, however, 
 insisted on having the general's purse. 
 •' Well, if you will, you must," said 
 Money, producing a pistol and instantly 
 lodging its contents in Broughton't 
 body ; — " There," added he, " now go 
 home Broughton, and keep your own 
 secret; I'll never discover you." The 
 pugilist soon after died of his wound, and 
 the secret did not transpire until after 
 Gen. Money's death.' ['E. V. 97 : 
 E. M. 376. "B. M. 84. 3B. H. 
 ♦E. Z. SO. V. 142. eO. V 176. 
 7B. N. 39. *K. I. 28.] 
 
Hadderis Orderly Books. 229 
 
 ments, who are to relieve each other on the 
 Road, and are to be answerable that the Stores 
 are safely delivered over, for which purpose a 
 List of them must be taken. . 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 G. O. Chamblee, 20th July, 1776. 
 
 Parole — Cornwallis. C. S, — Albany. 
 
 G. O. 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 
 Chamblee, 2is.t July, 1776. 
 C. S. — Maryland. 
 
 Parole — Percy. 
 
 Doctor Kennedy,/^ Physician to the Hospital, 
 is appointed by the General, Inspector of the 
 
 f'j. Dr. Hugh Kennedy, one of the 
 officers oi hospitals for the British forces 
 in North America, appointed in 1776, 
 ranked as a " Physician," until the last 
 year of the war, when he seems to have 
 been promoted to "Inspector General of 
 Regimental Infirmaries," as in the Army 
 List of 1784 he is found on half-pay 
 with this increased rank. He continued 
 on half-pay for ten years, as his name 
 appears in the Army Lists for the last 
 time in 1793. When the Riedesels 
 returned to Europe at the close of the 
 war, the Kennedys accompanied them, 
 and Madame Riedesel, in her Letters and 
 Journals, gives this not very Mattering 
 mention oi them in connection with her 
 efforts in their behalf; the general she refers 
 to, being Gen. Haldimand, governor gen- 
 eral of Canada. Says Madame Riedesel 
 
 in describing hur preparations for de- 
 parture, — " Our ,'hysician, Doctor Ken- 
 nedy, on our passage through Three 
 Rivers, pressed us to arrange it in such a 
 manner that his family, namely, his 
 wife and tl/ree daughters, two maid serv- 
 ants and an attendant, could go with us 
 to Europe. We promised him, accord- 
 ingly, to speak with the general, for he 
 was very skillful, and we thought it 
 would be a capital idea to have such a 
 man with us. The general replied to me, 
 when I asked him, ' The ship is yours, 
 arrange matters as you please ; but you 
 do not know the pretentions of these 
 people, who will make you a good deal 
 of trouble.' I learned afterward, by 
 dear experience, that he knew his man 
 w^U." [p. aio.] 
 
230 Hadden's Orderly Books, 
 
 Regimental Hospitals, and he is to be obeyed as 
 such. 
 
 The Officer commanding the Guard at St. 
 Therese is not to suffer any Carts with 
 Stores to pass on towards St. Johns, without 
 they bring with them an Order in writing from 
 either Major General Phillips, the Quarter 
 Master General, or Officers authorised by 
 them: all other Carts are to be unloaded at 
 St. Therese and sent back to Chamblee. 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 G. O. Chamblee, 22nd July, 1776. 
 
 P^ro/^ — St. George. C. 5.— England. 
 
 Mr Richard Huntley is appointed by the 
 General to be Surgeon to the Garrison ot 
 Montreal. 
 
 All Recruits now at Montreal belonging to 
 the Regiments in Canada to be marched forth- 
 with under their respective Officers to their 
 several Cor>.v 
 
 The Recruits of Regiments not in Canada, 
 are to be marched to the Head Quarters of the 
 Army at Chamblee in Order to be incorporated 
 into the weakest Corps. 
 
 For the future Prisoners confined for Crimes 
 are to receive from the Commissary no other 
 
Hadden's Orderly Books. 231 
 
 Provision than a full allowance of Bread, unless 
 their Health should render any other food nec- 
 essary, which must be certified under the Hand 
 of a Surgeon or Apothecary of the Hospital. 
 
 The Complaints still continue of the Inhabi- 
 tants being ill treated by those who have the 
 transports of Horses or Provisions, and m par- 
 ticular that the Sailors use the People ill and 
 plunder the Farms. It is ordered thai those 
 lirigades which are on the River Sorei take every 
 means to prevent these Disorders. That it be 
 signified to the Inhabitants to apply to Officers 
 for redress, who are enjoined to give it, and to 
 use every means for preventing such Disorders. 
 Patroles are to be sent occasionally from the 
 Cantonments on the Sorel, who are to coast the 
 River, and be ready to stop any violences used 
 towards the Inhabitants. 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 
 Brigade Orders. ChambUe.Juiy 22nd, 1776. 
 
 A four Gun Battery and a Battery for four 
 Mortars to be constructed immediately ; for this 
 purpose Fascines and Pickets are to be made and 
 the Batteries to be finished by Saturday Evening 
 The Gun Battery to be constructed at about 
 500 Yards from the River, taking its line of 
 direction over the Bason of Chambl^e to where 
 
232 Hadden's Orderly Books, 
 
 the River takes its course. The Mortar Battery 
 to be so constructed that a clear Range of about 
 600 Yards may be gained, and the direction may 
 be either towards the River, towards the Country, 
 or across it, as may be most convenient. This 
 work to be carried on in the Morning, and the 
 Gun practice in the Evening during the Week. 
 At all general Parades of the Detachment, all 
 the Officers to be present, except by particular 
 leave of the Commanding Officer in Camp. At 
 the Evening Roll-calling, the men having re- 
 ported the State of their Companies to the Com- 
 manding Officer, are to take post at the head of 
 their Companies, and wait the Commanding 
 Officer's Orders. 
 
 On Thursday Evening next at 6 o'clock the 
 whole Detachment to be under Arms; the Com- 
 missary, Clerks, Conductors, Artificers, and all 
 the civil Branch to attend, when the Articles of 
 War are to be read. The Major General has 
 reason to believe there is a want of Attention in 
 the Conductors ot Stores, and great irregularities 
 among the Artificers. 
 
 Major Williams is directed to call for such 
 reports, and have such roll-calling as he may 
 see necessary to keep up a strict Discipline in the 
 Civil Branch. 
 
 Any misbehaviour will be punished with the 
 utmost Severity. 
 
Hadden's Orderly Books, 233 
 
 ^y Major General Phillips. 
 ^ O. ChambUe, July 23^, 1776. 
 
 P^r./.- St. Anne. ^ C 5.- York. 
 
 G- 0. Chambl^e, 2^th July, 1776. 
 
 Parole— ^t. Michael. C. 5.— Worcester. 
 
 The Troops concerned in the followine Dis- 
 position are to hold themselves in readiness to 
 march accordingly. 
 
 The 2ist and 62nd Regiments to St. Therese 
 trom whence the 21st will detach two Com- 
 panies to Haze^ouse, and the 62nd two Com- 
 panies across the Sorel opposite to St. Therese 
 
 Orders for the conduct of these Companies 
 will be given at the time. Three Companies of 
 the 34th from the 6 now at Sorel are to occupy 
 Saintours, St Denis, and St. Charles, one Com- 
 pany at each place, from whence they are to 
 establish a chain of small Patroles to prevent 
 marauding and other irregularities committed by 
 Sailors, and others, of which there are daily 
 complaints. -^ 
 
 Two Companies from the 2nd Brigade to 
 canton on the South Side of the Sorel opposite 
 Belle Oeil to continue the Chain of Pa^role! 
 towards the Parish of Chamblde. 
 
 30 
 
234 Hadderi's Orderly Books. 
 
 Besides the common Patroles all Detachments 
 on the South of the Sorel will be prepared to 
 push Parties into the Woods to a considerable 
 distance, for the Conduct of which they will 
 receive further Orders. 
 
 Boats will be ordered for keeping proper com- 
 munication between the Corps of the different 
 sides of the River. 
 
 An Officer and 25 Men from Colonel Mac- 
 lean's/'''^^ Corps to take post at the Ferry- house at 
 Longueil to prevent irregularities in forcing 
 Boats and Carriages. The Quarter Masters of 
 all Regiments are to be responsible that the 
 empty Flour Casks are always returned to the 
 Deputy Commissaries by the first opportunity. 
 
 G. O. Chambleey July 25M, 1776. 
 
 Parole — St. John. C. S. Florence. 
 
 The 53 recruits now at St. Therese, are to be 
 incorporated into the 47th and 53rd Regi- 
 ments, being the Corps weakest in numbers, in 
 the following proportion, viz't. The 47th Regi- 
 ment 48 Recruits, and the 53rd Jive^ and those 
 Regiments are to send Officers to receive their 
 men tomorrow morning at 8 o'clock. The 
 Officer now Commanding the Recruits will 
 throw them into Sizes and Lots for the impar- 
 tiality of the Distribution. 
 
 fk. See Appendix 21. 
 
Hodden's Orderly Books. 235 
 
 othTJ' Co!!'"^"-' "• ^ '° '■"P"''' "•« Bridges and 
 other Comaiunications with their refoectiire 
 
 Cantonments and they are afterwards trkeen 
 
 ine v_ountry for this purpose. 
 
 The Commanding Officer of each Reeiment 
 will .mmedtately make a strict search into h" 
 Corps in order to find out some upper Sawyer 
 which are very much wanted at p^e^sent fo/the 
 King . Service. If any are foundf they are im- 
 
 Sent lU?ir' f-f;° Lieutenant' Twi^s (M™ 
 General Philhps Aide de Camp) at St. Johns. 
 
 The Demand made by Officers for Horses and 
 Calashes upon all the Roads, being more than 
 ^he Country (..„) supply without fnjury to the 
 King s Service, the Brigadiers commanding in 
 
 be o7 ol?"'°"r"'^ ""' ^^^'-'" 'he n^um- 
 ber ot Officers making excursions from their 
 
 Regiments except in Cases of real Lusiness. 
 
 Horses or Calashes to Officers except they pro- 
 duce an Order from the Brigadier Genera7o? in 
 h.s absence the Officer Coi^mandi^g a Camon- 
 
 f™r" t the Po t'^t'^K"^ "°^^^^ "- '" b'^M 
 lor at the l^ost where they are taken. 
 
 The two Companies of the 21st Regiment 
 which were in yesterday's Orders to hoxTZZ 
 
236 HaUderCs Order iy Books, 
 
 selves in readiness, will march immediately with 
 their Camp Equipage to St. John's, where they 
 will receive Orders from Brigadier General 
 Frazer. 
 
 G. O. Chamblie, 26th July, 1776. 
 
 Parole — St. Thomas. C. S. — Canterbury. 
 
 The Rebel Runaways not having dared to 
 shew their Faces as Soldiers, have now taken the 
 part of the vilest Assassins, and are lurking in 
 small Parties to murder, if any single or unarmed 
 Officer or Soldier may be passing the Roads, near 
 the Woodside. 
 
 Brigadier General Gordon was dangerously 
 wounded yesterday by one of these infamous 
 Skulkers. Precautions are taken to get intelli- 
 gence of other Parties, and in order to be expe- 
 ditious in the pursuit a Serjeant's Guard (which 
 is quite sufficient to quell such an Enemy) is to 
 be ready, distinct from the Picket in every Can- 
 tonment. This Guard are not to take off their 
 Accoutrements or Shoes in the Night, but are at 
 all times to be prepared to turn out at the in- 
 stant. 
 
 The Person who commanded the Party which 
 attacked General Gordon is Whitcomb of Con- 
 necticut calling himself Lieutenant. He is 
 
Hodden's Orderly Books. 237 
 
 hX k ?i^-''' '■"''"■ *hin than oelierwise 
 
 ght brown Ha>r tied behind, rough Face no; 
 sure whether occasioned by the small Pox or' no° 
 
 I^^pV '"1'* °[ ""'^" -f^^ket without Sleeve ■ 
 slash Pockets, leather Breeches, grey woolen or 
 yarn Stockings, and Shoes. Hat^flapped a goH 
 
 Po,^ch '^;'^""'*J'- "<='^'"''' Firelock Blanket 
 Pouch and Powder Horn. "■"■■Kei, 
 
 nat?r^'co^ °'- l"^ °^ ''[' ^"'V' °^ 'he same 
 nature, come within reach of our Men it is 
 
 tehs ifTh"'" "°* """-ir "'<="' -"h Sold! r" 
 them for dJp'"''r^^^ T"^ ''■ but reserve 
 eff:LlVtbe SfmT ''T'^'^^ -" -'^ b^ 
 
 Fascint'!rf'r'""r "■' "°' "P<=« '" ™='king 
 i'ascines are to send a proper portion of Com 
 
 theTtinerv"'p''r ^r-'^-ed Office^rs'^- 
 
 some na"7 ^^■^' ^^''^ ''''" ^°^k vvill for 
 some Days be going on. As soon as the Officr^ 
 are instructed, the Regiments will p actL unde 
 their Inspection some part of each Day. 
 
 By Lieutenant General Burgoyne. 
 ^•O. (^''ambUe,July2jth,ijj6. 
 
 P^'rok-St. M.rk. C. ^.-Venice. 
 
 r-J*"^ ■'''"°°P' °"^"^'^ '° hold themselves in 
 readiness to march in the Orders of t^eih of 
 
238 HaddetCs Orderly Books, 
 
 July, will take up their Quarters on Monday 
 next. Where the Cantonments arc not suffi- 
 cient they will encamp. 
 
 By Lieutenant General Burgoync. 
 G. O. ChambUe, 'July 2^th, 1776. 
 
 Parole — St. Cecilia. C. S. — Milan. 
 
 By Lieutenant General Burgoyne. 
 G. O. Chamblee, July 29th, 1776. 
 
 Parole — St.Jude. C. S. — Naples. 
 
 The Prisoners taken on the 25th are to be 
 conveyed by Water tomorrow to Sorel, under the 
 Escort of an Officer, and twenty men of the ist 
 Brigade, who will deliver them to the charge of 
 the Commanding Officer there, and they are to 
 be sent from thence on board a Transport for 
 Quebec under the Escort of a Serjeant, and 12 
 Men, which the Post of Sorel is to furnish. 
 Two days' Provisions for the Prisoners, and 
 four for the Escort, who are to return with the 
 Coals from Sorel, are to be taken from hence. 
 Provisions for the rest of the Passage will be 
 furnished at Sorel. The Majors of Brigade, 
 Orderly Officers &c are to attend for Orders 
 tomorrow, and the day after upon Major 
 General Phillips. 
 
Hodden's Orderly Books. 239 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 ^ O- Chamblde. July 30th, ,776. 
 
 PW.-St. Margaret. c. ^.-Chester 
 
 corporai.::?;iv:r'\tLii7j-'. 
 
 Tohn'«; Tk« t\^ ^'"g ooats and Stores to St 
 
 jonns. The Quarter Master General ^nA W 
 
 Assistants, will inform th^ n "^f?'» ^"d his 
 
 at St Therrse oAhl Commanding Officer 
 
 ot. inerese of the particulars of these Duties 
 
 £ ment ?he Jr"?"'"' ''^^^"^^ ^^^'-n^ 
 ixcgiment. 1 he greatest attention is to he hoA 
 
 in endeavouring to apprehend them by the Corns 
 in the several Cantonments. ^ P 
 
 P^ro/?_Bernard. r <;■ d , 
 
 i>. o.- — Brussels. 
 
 <^-0- ^^"'"t'^e. 2na August, lyyb 
 
 P^ro/e-St. Amhony. C. 5.-Hume. ' 
 
240 Haddens Orderly Books. 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 
 Brigade Orders. 
 
 The Commissary of Artillery is to go to Mont- 
 real to tix upon proper Magazines and Store- 
 houses to receive Powder, and such Stores as will 
 be ordered there from the Transports, and a 
 careful Conductor is to be placed there to take 
 charge of them and see them safely lodged. 
 
 All the Musquet Cartridges and Materials for 
 making them are immediately to be sent up to 
 Chamblee. 
 
 As the Rain laying upon the surface of the 
 Ground in Camp is extremely prejudicial to the 
 Health of the men, drains are to be made (if 
 possible) to carry it off, and if that cannot be 
 easily effected. Major Williams will fix upon the 
 driest Spots he can find in the neighbourhood of 
 the Park, to remove any part of the Detachment 
 to. A strict regularity in pitching the Tents 
 must not be adhered to if by that means they are 
 exposed to a damp Soil. 
 
 The Carpenters &c of the Detachment are to 
 be employed in collecting f^ny materials to lay 
 at the bottoms of the Tents, that may tend to 
 keep the ground dry, and every possible means 
 must be used for that end that can be devised. 
 
Hada r Orderly Books. 241 
 
 By Lieutenant General Bnrgoyne. 
 
 %^U St ,.'^'^'"'""' ^' August, ,776. 
 /-^r./.- St. Simon. C. 5.- Ludlow. 
 
 By Lieutenant General Burgoyne. 
 
 L?/:_stT?"""^''''''"^""''776- 
 
 ^'- ^■^"■""s- C S.~ Bedford. 
 
 L^:-_StG^'"'''''^"^"'^''''77<^- 
 -ir '^'- ^- '^- Warwick. 
 
 Paȣ-/rHnryS?n tt^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 preserve their respeci^L TZ, "^^^''"y '" 
 
 munications wiK^. ^""'"""^"K, and Com- 
 
 from a po"s b^tv o^ "^^''^^f ""? <^°^P'' free 
 order a^p op '^art o^ti'' P^'^'^ T'" "^^-i^^ 
 be formed in proportion . f."'"" (^^'''^'' '^ '° 
 Brigade) to L'ZTmZ^'^'^^^f^ofjh. 
 of the Dav .-Q t^ A T< ^^^?"^^- A FieJd Officer 
 
 there areTh;°of ^Cr': T'^ ''"'"''• ^'^-'^ 
 that Duty is to^^/tat b;fhePc:pt"ai'nr'^%r 
 are to visit the Out-posts and fffp J ^ 
 post the outlying Por'^/fhe^'pi/u^ In^h" 
 Evening, examine Prisoners and suspYc!ou:Ver! 
 
242 Haddeti's Orderly Books, 
 
 sons, and inspect all Duties within the Compass 
 of their Cantonments, and report to the Brig- 
 adier. The Parishes to be informed that every 
 Person found out of his House after dark, unless 
 employed upon the King's business will be 
 taken up. 
 
 G. 0. ChambUdy August 6M, 1776. 
 
 Parole — St. Stephen. C. S. — Hanover. 
 
 A Return to be given in from each Regiment 
 immediately to Captain Gardner,/ Aid de 
 Camp to Lieutenant General Burgoyne, of the 
 
 fl. Henry Farringdon Gardner, or 
 Harry Farrington Gardner, the name 
 being found both ways in the Army 
 Lists, entered the Britisli army May 22d, 
 1761, as a corrst in the i6th (or the 
 Queen's) regiment of (Light) Dragoons, 
 of which Lt.-Col. John Burgoyne, with 
 whom he participated in the Portuguese 
 campaign of 1762, wa. commandant. 
 He became a lieutenant June 8th, 1768, 
 and the adjutant of his regiment on the 
 20th of th' next month. He was promoted 
 tn be captain-lieutenant and captain Nov. 
 6th, 1772, and he obtained a troop of 
 his own six years later He became an 
 aid to Gen. Burgoyne when the latter 
 was appointed to the American staf}', 
 and he went with his chief to /imer- 
 ica in the spring of each year ind re- 
 turned with him in the autumn. Capt. 
 Gardner accompanied Burgoy.'<e upon 
 the campaign of 1777 as far as Sl'enes- 
 borough, whence he departed for England 
 as bearer of despatches of that gene; al's 
 first successes. Sir Guy Carleton v rote 
 Burgoyne from Q.uebec, July 24, 1777, 
 as follows : — *' I received your letter of 
 
 the 17th and the copy of that which 
 you sent to the Secretary of State by 
 Capt. Gardner, who arrived here the 
 22d, and there being a ship held in 
 readiness for him nothing prevented his 
 sailing as soon as he thought proper, 
 which was accordingly on the morning 
 early' of the 23d Ins't in one of the 
 Victuallers of considerable force, and a 
 remarkably fine sailer; so that he has all 
 likelihood of an expeditious and safe 
 passage, and certainly will be the first 
 from Canada with the news of the prog- 
 ress made by the Forces under your com- 
 mand." The Royal George, armed 
 transport, containing Capt. Gardner, ar- 
 rived in England about the 22d of Au- 
 gust, and thus this officer's connection 
 with Burgoyne's campaign ceased. He 
 became the major of the i6th Dragoons 
 Sept. nth, 1781, and a lieut.- colonel in 
 the army Nov. i8th, 1790. His name 
 appears in the Army Lists for the last 
 time in 1792. [U. H: K. 1134: H. 
 G. 338 : M. G. loi : J. L: O. 354: 
 F. B. 620: " 
 
 1. G. loi : J. 
 J. H : J. Lj 
 
Hadden-s Orde-ly Books. 24.3 
 
 quantity of Ammunition in Store, specifying 
 what m,mbe. of Cartridges they 'ha^e rZ^ 
 
 ^- O. ChambUe, August jth, \jjb. 
 
 P«m. _ St. Jerome. C. 5.— Paris! 
 
 from O^T"'"/^ ^'"''''' Carleton's Orders sent 
 from Quebec August 4th. 
 
 airStll""""^ ?."• ^-'--■-^''""f Aug. 4,h, which has 
 aireadv been pr,„,ed ,„ Hadde„>s Journal, ««,page 7. E4u„.-^ 
 
 By Lieutenant General Burgoyne 
 G. O. 
 
 thaT^he^'fo^ni"''"' '° t'' ^™y ''"^'"g represented 
 that the following change in the Ration will be 
 
 very essential towards the Healths of the Men 
 
 that ha^f a Pound be taken off the Beef Radon 
 
 and a Quarter of a Pound of Rice be added in 
 
 It out accordingly. 
 
 ^- 0. Chamhlee, August ^th, 1776 
 
 PW.- St. Peter. C ^.-London. 
 
 Jacques Pois ) 
 
 Louis de Rosier [ of Yamarca. 
 Joseph de Rosier J 
 Francois Poinir of Belloeil. 
 
244 H addends Orderly Books, 
 
 The abovenamed Prisoners having been ex- 
 amined by a Commissary of Police, and found 
 guilty of Disobedience of the Orders of their 
 Captains of Milice, and various other Offences 
 proving them to be bad and dangerous Subjects, 
 they are to be forthwith conducted to St. John's 
 by a Serjeant's Guard, in order to be sent from 
 thence by the first Opportunity to the Isle aux 
 Noix where they are to be compelled to work 
 at the Fortifications during the Pleasure of the 
 Commander in Chief. 
 
 Aimable le Beau of St. Therese and Toussaint 
 Lorrette of St. Charles having been convicted 
 before the Commissary, the one of having been 
 privy to the arrival of a Party of the Enemy 
 without giving any Notice to the King's Troops, 
 but on the contrary favouring and assisting the 
 said Party, the other of having concealed a De- 
 serter from the Army three Days in his House, 
 changed Cloaths with him, and assisted his 
 Escape, they are to be conducted at the same 
 time to St. John's, in order to suffer the same 
 punishment, but on account of the enormity of 
 their Offences they are to be marched in Irons. 
 The other Canadian Prisoners are to be released 
 upon Promise of good Behaviour. These Orders 
 are to be translated into French at each Canton- 
 ment and circulated by the Captains of Militia. 
 
 Every Regiment to demand of the Command- 
 ing Officer of Artillery in Camp the Powder, 
 
Hadden's Orderly Books. 245 
 
 dees when mZ I '° Pu'"'' "P '^"^1"« Cart- 
 "ccIuZaT. ' ^"' '^^'^ Barrels are to be 
 
 accounted for. or returned after the Campaign. 
 
 The number each will hold, well nut in i. 
 nearly 2000 Cartridges P ' '^ 
 
 100 Rounds a/ways comtlete tC r ^^^"^ }^^ 
 Officer nf^o^k D . '"^'/'^^^^- ^ «€ Commandine 
 
 and the Offi. K^'"^'"' ^^" ^^S" '^^ ^^"^^nd! 
 ana tne Ufiicer who is sent with the Parf,. -n 
 
 g.ve a Receipt for the Powdlr &c &c &"^' """ 
 
 By Lieutenant General Burgoyne. 
 ^- O. ChambUe, August <)th, 1776 
 
 P^r./._St. Christophers. C. ^.-Oxford 
 
 ArmvTT' ''"' P''^ general S- sfaction to the 
 Army to know that the whole Cano- nf n 
 
 from Colonel Maclean's Relimenf who'f"? 
 to redeem their Perfidy to the Rebel! in J^ 
 cause they were once bLre en^gfgt ^ betm! 
 
246 Hadden's Orderly Books. 
 
 ing a second time Traitors to their King, and 
 their Lawful State, have been taken by the Out 
 posts and are all in safe Custody, except one, who 
 received too honorable a Death from the Firelock 
 of one of his Guards, whom he attempted to 
 murder after he was his Prisoner. It appears by 
 Brigadier General Frazer's report, that the Con- 
 duct of the Detachment employed in this Pursuit 
 has been truly exemplary. Lieutenant General 
 Burgoyne takes this occasion to express his fullest 
 Approbation and Thanks to Lieutenant Nor- 
 man/"^ of the 20th Regiment who commanded 
 it, and General Frazer will please to direct a 
 Dollar to be given to each man of the Party, in 
 consideration of the Activity, Perseverance, and 
 Spirit with which they seconded those Principles 
 in their Officer. 
 
 G. O. ChambUe^ loth August ^ ^77^- 
 
 Parole — St. James. C. S. — Westminster. 
 
 fm. Richard Norman began his mili- was exchanged Sept. 3, 1781, and 
 
 tary service Feb. 22, 1771,35 an ensign returned to England. At tlie peace of 
 
 In the 20th Foot, which was then at 1783, when the additional companies 
 
 Gibraltar, where it remained until 1774.. were reduced, he went upon half-pay 
 
 He was promoted to be a lieutenant Feb. from July 30, 1783, as a captain, though 
 
 24, 1775, and he accompanied his regi- the Army Lists do not give the date of 
 
 tnent to Canada in the spring of 1776. his captain's commission. He remained 
 
 The next year he served through Bur- upon half-pay as long as his name is 
 
 goyne's carr.paign, and was included in borne upon the Army Lists, it appearing 
 
 the Saratoga Convention, his name be- for the last time in 1837. [B. H : K.. 
 
 ing signed to the Cambrige Parole. He J. 64.] 
 
Hodden's Orderly Books. 
 
 2+7 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 Brigade Orders. ChambUe, . , th August, , 776 
 
 Pound: Jw.hl""S's!x'p'°"^. '"'^'^'"'" - 
 Royal Howi.erfwSc"h 'Z ^^^t^ 
 
 Urdersofthe Brigadier General. The 12 PonnH 
 
 ^^r fir/^^^f Orders. 
 
 3 Pounder, an 8 Inch Hol^l "".'^"■' " "«'»' 
 tars at the Battery to 3""^ ""d two Mor- 
 
 '' '° "^g'n tomorrow, and to 
 
248 Hadden's Orderly Books. 
 
 continue all the week, Morning and Evening. 
 As it is possible this will be the only Practice 
 before the Companies separate, it is to be carried 
 on with great attention, and to be practice for 
 Service and not Experiment ; and it is intended 
 to make the Officers and Men perfect in the use 
 and ready manageing the Artillery in the Field. 
 In the course of the week an Experiment will 
 be made to fire Royal Shells from 24 Pounder 
 Guns ; the Mortars are to be fixed at small 
 Ranges, and each Day a fixed quantity of 
 Powder, by which from the different Ranges 
 may be formed a mean Range of each Day's 
 Practice. The latter part of the week will be 
 firing of Grape Shot. 
 
 G. O. Chamblhf August i \ih, 1776. 
 
 Parole — St Lawrence. C. S. — Bristol. 
 
 A Serjeant and 20 Men from the first Brigade 
 to attend at fhe Fort tomorow Morning at 5 
 o'clock, and take the Orders of Captain Laws. 
 They are to have Provisions for the Day with 
 them, and will be, as a Working Party, allowed 
 Grog. This to continue till Orders to the con- 
 trary. 
 
 Any British Regiment having Bricklayers, are 
 to send them to St. John's, directly to Major 
 Gordon's chief Engineer. 
 
HaddefCs Orderly Books. 249 
 
 G'. 0. ChambUey August iithy 1776. 
 
 Parole— ^i. Ours. C. 5.— Dublin. 
 
 The 62nd Regiment will hold themselves in 
 readiness to cover the Works at St. John's, and 
 when General Frazer's Brigade is removed, will 
 take up the most convenient part of their 
 Ground ; a Detachment of the Brunswick 
 Troops will encamp on the Plain lower down 
 the River. The Quarter Master General will 
 give them their Ground. These Corps will 
 furnish Working Parties in proportion to their 
 Numbers. 
 
 A Company from each Regiment of the first 
 Brigade to parade on Wednesday Morning at 7 
 o'clock on the Shore opposite their Cantonments 
 with their Camp Equipage and Officers requisite 
 Baggage. Boats will be ready to receive them, 
 and they will exercise upon the Water. The 
 design of this Order is to ascertain the number 
 of Boats necessary for the whole Army. The 
 Companies are therefore to be chosen from such 
 as are complete in Officers, and whose numbers 
 of Rank and File square with those of the Regi- 
 ment at large. 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 B. O. Chamblk, i 2th August , 1776. 
 
 Twelve light ammunition Carts are to be im- 
 3» 
 
250 HadderCs Orderly Books. 
 
 mediately made ; Six for three Pounders, and 
 Six for Royal Howitzers. 
 
 G. O. Chamblee, August 13M, 1776. 
 
 p^,,/,„St. Denis. C. 5. - Carlisle. 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 
 B, O. Chamblee, August i^^th, 1776. 
 
 The following Disposition will take place for 
 the Artillery for the Campaign. 
 
 1^12 Pounders Medium. 4 
 Captain Carter's I ^ do Light 4 
 
 brigade. JHowitzers j Scinch. 4 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 Captain Borthwick's j ^ pounders Light. 
 Brigade attached to the < ^^ do. 
 
 RightWingoftheArmy. I'' 
 
 Cantain Mitchelson's ( . t • u* . 
 
 bSc attached to the \ 6 Pounders Light. 4 
 
 LeftWingof the Army. ( 
 
 Captain Walker. Brig- ( 6 Pounder. Light. 4 
 
 S^^'pire^'iS.I Howitzers sHnch. . 
 
Haddens Orderly Books, 251 
 
 The heavy Artillery for the service will be 
 communicated in particular to Major Williams. 
 
 Captain Walker with his Company complete, 
 to march tomorrow Se'night to join Brigadier 
 General Frazer's Corps. First Lieutenant Dun- 
 bar is to be added to Captain Walker's Company 
 for the Campaign. 
 
 Captain Mitchelson's Brigade to be composed 
 of two Subalterns, and a Detachment of two non- 
 commissioned Officers, and eight men from 
 Williams', Carter's, and Captain Borthwick's 
 Companies : Lieutenant Dysart,/" and the young- 
 est Lieutenant of Captain Carter's Company for 
 this Brigade. 
 
 Captain Borthwick will have his own Com- 
 pany with Lieutenant Barnes/" added to it for 
 the Campaign for his Brigade. 
 
 fn. Richard Dysart entered the Royal 
 Artillery as a lieutenant-fireworker Nov. 
 I, 1762; and he was promoted to be a ad 
 lieutenant Jan. I, 1771, a ist lieutenant 
 Dec. 18, 1777, a capt. -lieutenant Dec. 
 3, 1779, ^"<' * captain Feb. 14, 1786. 
 He served in the artillery during the 
 Burgoyne invasion, but, as his name is 
 not signed to the Cambridge Parole, we 
 have no means of ascertaining whether he 
 served through that campaign. In 1779 
 his name appears on the list of officers 
 serving in America under the command 
 of Sir Henry Clinton. March i, 1794, 
 he was made a major in the armyj was 
 invalided for home duty Oct. 13, i", 93 ; 
 entered the Invalid Battalion of the 
 Royal Artillery Oct. a, 1795; *"'' '^'^'^ 
 Feb. s, 1797. [G. U : H. B.] 
 
 fo. John Barnes became a gentleman 
 cadet at the Royal Military .'Vcademy 
 at Woolwich, August 16, 1760. 
 He was commissioned a lieutenant fire- 
 worker August 5, 1761, and assigned to 
 the First Battalion of the Royal Ar- 
 tillery. He became a 2d lieutenant 
 Jan I, 1771, aiid a ist lieutenant 
 Sept. 8, 1774, and .erved in North Amer- 
 ica. He subsequei tly went to Canada, 
 and on the 8th of Sept., 1776, Sir Guy 
 Carleton appointed him an assistant 
 quarter- master-general to the army there. 
 He crossed Lake Champlain with Bur- 
 goyne's expedition in 1777, but took 
 little part in it, as he belonged to the 
 detachment that was left to garrison 
 Ticonderoga ; and after leaving that fort- 
 ress he served in Canada. He became 
 
252 Hadden^s Orderly Books, 
 
 Captain Carter's Brigade to consist of his own 
 Company, and Major Williams'. 
 
 Major Williams commands the whole wher- 
 ever he happens to be, but he will be par- 
 ticularly attached to the Artillery of the Park. 
 
 Whenever Detachments are made it will be 
 by Brigades, Divisions, or Subdivisions of Bri- 
 gades, as the Service may require, but the Officers 
 and Men are to be attached as they are now 
 Brigaded till furthers Orders. 
 
 Whenever the Service of heavy Artillery re- 
 quires Detachments of Officers and Men, they 
 will be taken by Divisions and Subdivisions of 
 Brigades, and it is to be observed that none of 
 these detached Duties will be done by Roster ; 
 but the Officers and Men taken in the manner 
 before mentioned, as the only method by which 
 the Service can be carried on with Propriety and 
 Precision. 
 
 Captains Commanding Brigades will take care 
 that their Subalterns and noncommissioned Offi- 
 cers are perfectly acquainted with every part 
 which concerns them. 
 
 a capt. -lieutenant July 7, 1779, and a one of iti second lieut. -coloneli. Hebe- 
 captain Dec. I, 1781, hi^ being No. 8 came a colonel in the army April 29, 
 Company, 3d Battalion, now "D" 1802, and in the artillery Sept. 12, 1803, 
 Battery, 4th Brigade. He wai promoted when he was transferred to the Invalid 
 to be major Aug. 14, 1794, and lieut.- Battalion. He was commissioned • 
 colonel March 6, 1795 ; and on the major-general Oct. 25, 1809, and he 
 formation of the 6th Battalion of the died at Bath, April 30, 18 10. [B. H: 
 Royal Regiment of Artillrry,be was made O. U : C. Z. 225, 411 : F. E. 43 ] 
 
HaddetCs Orderly Books. 253 
 
 Captain Walker will exercise his Company 
 every Day with the 3 Pounders which have 
 Shafts, in the Mounting, Dismounting, and carry- 
 ing of them, and in every other particular for 
 which they are intended. 
 
 Proportion of Ammunition, 
 
 Round. C»»e. SMb. 
 
 12 Pounders Medium. 120. 80. 
 
 6 do Light. 120. 80. 
 
 3 do do. 220. 80. 
 
 Howitzers { ^ ^^f^' 40. 60. 
 
 (53 do. 50. 100. 
 
 A Proportion equal to this to form a Reserve 
 which will be carried in the Radeaux with the 
 heavy Artillery. 
 
 A Proportion also equal to this to be lodged 
 at St. John's as a Depot. 
 
 Major Williams will take care that the Pro- 
 portion of Laboratory, and other Stores, and 
 every Particular necessary to compose the Pro- 
 portion of Ammunition &c &c &c for the 
 Brigades, for the Reserve, and for the Dep6t, is 
 prepared as soon as possible. 
 
 Two Conductors of Stores to be attached to 
 Captain Carter's Brigade, and two to Captain 
 Walker's Brigade, one Conductor to Captain 
 Borth wick's, and one to Captain Mitchelson's 
 Brigade. 
 
254 Hadden's Orderly Booh. 
 
 One ammunition Cart to be for each light 
 Gun and Royal Howitzer. 
 
 The Medium 12 Pounders and 8 Inch How- 
 itzers, one Ammunition Waggon each. 
 
 A number of entrenching Tools equal to two 
 Waggon Loads to be sent with Captam Walker s 
 Brigade; the remainder with the Park of Ar- 
 tillery. 
 
 Particular Orders will be given relating to 
 the Powder, Musquet Shot, Musket Cartridges, 
 Paper, &c &c &c. 
 
 The Commissary will take care that all 
 materials in his Department are taken upon the 
 Lakes. 
 
 G. O. Chamblie, August \^th, ^77^' 
 
 Parole-Si. Denis. C 5.- Liverpool. 
 
 Any British Regiments having Brickmakers, 
 
 are ordered to send them forthwith to Major 
 
 Blometld at Major General Phillips Quarters 
 
 at Chambl6e. 
 
 G. O. Chamblee, 15th August, 1776. 
 
 Paro^e-St. Croix. C. ^.-Denmark. 
 
HadderCs Orderly Books, 255 
 
 G. O. Chamblie^ August 1 6M, 1 776. 
 
 Parole— St. Martin. C. 5. — Holland. 
 
 The Commanding Officers will go round the 
 Cantonments of their respective Regiments, to 
 see what arrangement can be made to accommo- 
 date the Inhabitants with room for their Crops 
 of Corn, after their Harvest, and when Corn 
 cannot be lodged in Barns, without moving the 
 Troops, those Troops must encamp. 
 
 The Commanding Officers of Regiments will 
 make a Report to their Brigadier Generals. 
 
 G. O. Chamblie, ijth August ^ ^77^' 
 
 Parole — St. Barnabas. C, S. — Flanders. 
 
 The preservation of Health in all Armies and 
 in all Countries, depends so obviously upon 
 Cleanliness and dry Lodging, that hitherto it has 
 been thought superfluous to give any particular 
 Orders upon that subject, but the Reports of the 
 medicinal Gentlemen now make it necesssary to 
 call upon the Commanding Officers of Corps to 
 establish and enforce a diligent Inspection into 
 those two essential Circumstances. 
 
 Where the Men lie in Barns, care is to be 
 taken that proper Drains are opened to carry off 
 any Wet, that may penetrate, and if Damp still 
 
256 Hadden's Orderly Books. 
 
 remains. Hurdles are to be provided for the men 
 to lie upon. When the men lodge in Tents, 
 Hurdles are on no occasion to be omitted. 
 
 New and convenient Necessaries are to be 
 made in the Rear of every Cantonment and 
 Encampment every Week, and the old ones 
 filled up ; at least six Inches depth of Earth 
 should also be thrown into the Necessaries in 
 use every Morning. 
 
 If after these Regulations any Man is found 
 to contribute to the Filth of the Neighbourhood, 
 and unwholesomeness of the Air, by neglecting 
 to make use of those Necessaries he is to be 
 punished severely. These Orders to be read to 
 every Company repeatedly by a Noncommis- 
 sioned Officer, and the necessity of them, with 
 regard to Health, impressed upon them. 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 
 G. O. Chambl6e, i8th August, 1776. 
 
 Parole. — St. David. C 5. — Germany. 
 
 It being observed that the usual and common 
 Centinels of the Camp and Cantonments demand 
 at night the Countersign of those, who pass 
 their Posts, which if practised, the ordinary 
 Communications between Regiments, and the 
 
HadderCs Orderly Books, 257 
 
 Intercourse of the Cantonments would be inter- 
 rupted, it is directed that the Centinels upon 
 Common Posts of Camp or Cantonments, upon 
 Challenging, who goes there, suffer any who 
 answer, A Friend^ to pass. 
 
 This does not affect Parties in Arms, who 
 may become subject to an Examination and 
 Alarm. The Countersign is demanded upon 
 out Posts, advanced Piquets, Detached Guards^ or 
 Patrotes, which are posted round, or iii Front, 
 Flanks, or Rear of the Army, to preserve Com- 
 munications and prevent Surprize. 
 
 The Centinels of such Posts are never to suffer 
 any Person to pass without giving the Counter- 
 sign, and are to be in every respect alert. At 
 these Posts, Centinels should be frequently 
 doubled, sometimes three Men, Centinels together, 
 as a Security where the Enemy is suspected to 
 be near, and in these situations there ought to 
 be no Interruption, and therefore the demanding 
 the Countersign, becomes necessary for Intelli- 
 gence and Security. 
 
 The 2 1st Regiment will send 60 men to the 
 Portage with Officers tomorrow morning at 5 
 o'clock to assist in drawing Long Boats through 
 the Rapids. Lieutenant Harrington will be 
 there to inform what is to be done. 
 
 The first Brigade to send a Non-commissioned 
 Officer and 20 men with Lieutenant Harrington 
 
 33 
 
258 Hodden's Orderly Books, 
 
 tomorrow morning at 5 o'clock, towards St. 
 Therese, to clear the side of the River from 
 Bushes. They are to carry Hand- Bills, and 
 Hand Hatchets with them. 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 G. O. Chambl6e, August 19th, 1776. 
 
 Parole — St. Andrew. C. S. — Poland. 
 
 By Lieutenant General Burgoyne. 
 
 G. O. Chamblie^ 20th August, 1776. 
 
 Parole — St. Aubins. C, S. — Gibraltar. 
 
 The 9th Regiment to hold themselves in 
 readiness to march on Thursday next to 
 take up the Ground at St. Therese, lately occu- 
 pied by the 62nd Regiment. A return of 
 the Carts necessary for the removal to be sent to 
 the Quarter Master General this Evening, that 
 they may be furnished separately, and without 
 interfering with the other Services. All Regi- 
 ments who have the use of Batteaux for exercise 
 are to endeavour to provide, in their Quarters, 
 two Planks for each Batteau to be fitted with 
 Cross Pieces to prevent slipping, and to serve as 
 Gang-Boards, and the Men are to be practised 
 every Day, to embark and disembark methodi- 
 
Hodden's Orderly Books, 259 
 
 cally and expeditiously with their Knapsacks and 
 Haversacks. When the embarkation is made 
 the Gang-Boards are to be placed along each side, 
 and as large a proportion of Men, as can sit 
 without interrupting the Rowers, are to be seated 
 upon them fore and aft, and are to be practised 
 to give their fire broadside. 
 
 One cross Bench at each end of the Boat, be- 
 fore or behind the Rowers, as may be most con- 
 venient, to be filled with Men, who are to give 
 their fire fore and aft. 
 
 By General Carleton. 
 
 G. O. Chamblee, 21st August, 1776. 
 
 Parole — St. Charles. C. 5.— Turkey. 
 
 The 2ist Regiment is to be attached to the 
 first Brigade commanded by Brigadier General 
 Nesbitt. The 62nd Regiment to the 2nd Bri- 
 gade commanded by Brigadier General Powel, 
 and the 29th Regiment, though not at present 
 fixed to any Brigade, is to hold itself in readiness 
 for Employment upon the shortest notice. 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 
 Brigade Orders. 
 
 The Subaltern's Guard to be discontinued this 
 Day, and for the future the Quarter Guard is to 
 
26o Hadden's Orderly Books. 
 
 consist of 2 noncommissioned Officers and 12 
 Men ; four Centinels are to be posted viz't. One 
 on the Laboratory, One on the Commanding 
 Officer, One on the Camp Colors, and one on 
 the Front of the Park Line and Guard. 
 
 Any Wheelers, Carpenters, Turners, or Tin- 
 men, as are to be found in the Detachment of 
 the Royal Artillery, are to be immediately 
 ordered to work with the Ordnance Artificers, 
 and are to apply to Sayers for Directions. 
 
 Captain Walker's Company is not to march 
 to St. John's till Friday morning next. 
 
 G. O. ChambUe^ 22nd of August , 1776. 
 
 Parole — St. Thomas. C. S. — America. 
 
 A general Court Martial is to sit on Monday 
 next, the 26th Listant, to try the Deserters from 
 Lieutenant Colonel Maclean's Corps, and any 
 other Prisoners that may be brought before it. 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton of the 21st 
 Regiment, Majors Sutherland ./> and Bolton fQ 
 
 ff. See Appendix 12. 
 
 fq. Mason Bolton, a native of Dublin, 
 Ireland, was commitisioned as ensign in 
 the 9th Foot, Jan. 5, 1750-51, and was 
 promoted to a lieutenancy Oct. 2, 1755. 
 He became the quarter-master of his 
 regiment Feb, 11, 1756; capt. -lieutenant 
 July 31, 176a; a captain March 13, 
 
 1764; and major May 31, 1773. ^*"' 
 more tiian 15 years he served in the 9th 
 Foot, curing which term he thrice ac- 
 companied it to America, the last time, 
 after the breaking out of the American 
 Revolution ; that regiment being det> 
 patched to Canada in the spring of 1776. 
 Nov. nth of that year, Major Bolton 
 was made the lieut. -colonel of the 8th, 
 
HadderCs Orderly Books, 261 
 
 and two Captains from each of the six Regiments 
 at St. Therese, Belloeil and Chambl6e, are to 
 compose the members. 
 
 Lieutenant Duport/^ of the 47th Regiment 
 is appointed Assistant Quarter Master General. 
 
 or King's Regiment of Foot', then gar- 
 risoning the Canadian outposts on the 
 Lakes, and he made his headquarters at 
 Niagi'ra. He wiott lo Gen. Haldimand 
 from Niagara, under date of Sept. 30, 
 1780, as follows: '* I am now not well, 
 and am convinced when the cold 
 weather sets in 1 shall again be confined 
 with the same complaints, which will 
 put it out of my power to attend to any 
 business. I therefore request your Ex- 
 cellency's permission to return to Canada 
 as soon as possible, for here I cannot get 
 that advice and many other things nec- 
 euary for me in my best state of health."' 
 In compliance with this request, leave of 
 absence was granted him, and early in 
 November of that year, he, with a num- 
 ber of other officers and soldiers, took 
 passage on the schooner Ontario from 
 Niagara for Carleton Island, on his way 
 to Quebec to embark for England. A gale 
 of wind rising soon after the vessel sailed, 
 caused her to founder, and all on board 
 perished. 3 Serjeant Lamb, in his Me- 
 moir of his own Life, p. 67, thus refers to 
 this oHicer : " The author cherishes an 
 interest for the honoured memory of 
 this gentleman, of whom the reader may 
 be inclined to receive some particular 
 account. Major Bolton was born in the 
 city of Dublin, commenced his military 
 Ufie very young, and served with ability 
 in the years i7S9i 1760, 1761, and 
 176a. He held the rank of captain 
 in the 9th regiment of foot, for seven- 
 teen years before he obtained a majority. 
 Having fought under him in Canada, 
 
 during the entire campaign of 1776, I 
 had opportunities of witnessing his gal- 
 lantry and worth. About the end of that 
 year he was promoted to the lieut. -col- 
 onelcy of the 8th foot, at that time on 
 service in Detroit and Niagara; and 
 having taken the command accordingly, 
 he was as usual, distinguished for spirit, 
 talent, and the attachment of the men. 
 Soon after his being appointed Colonel, 
 lamented by the army and all who knew 
 him, he was unfortunately drowned in 
 the lakes while coming down to Mont- 
 real. Too much could not be said in 
 praise of Cul. Bolton, estimating him in 
 his profession or in society. With all 
 the intrepidity and ardour of the military 
 character, he possessed the most honour- 
 able mind and benevolent heart."/ ['B. 
 H. »F. K. 475,494. 3H. O. 14.] 
 
 fr. Robert Duport was commissioned 
 Sept. 15, i7S9i a* an ensign in the 47th 
 Foot, then serving in America. Sept. I, 
 1 77 1, he was promoted to a lieutenancy { 
 Aug. 2Z, 1776, while in Canada, 
 he was appointed an assistant quarter- 
 master-general ; and he became the 
 captain-lieutenant of the 47th, Aug. 3, 
 1 78 1. Dec. 26, 1787, he exchanged 
 into the 28th Foot; and May 31st 
 following, he exchanged again, this time 
 into the 20th Foot. He seems to have 
 got no higher than the rank of captain, 
 and his name appears in the Army Lists 
 for the last time in 1792. [B. H : E. 
 Z.] 
 
262 HadderCi Orderly Books. 
 
 G, O. ChambUe, 2yd August, 1776. 
 
 Parole.— ^i^ Philips. C. 5.— Scotland. 
 
 Lieutenant Alexander Frazer of the 9th Regi- 
 ment is appointed to act as Judge Advocate at 
 the General Court Martial to be held on 
 Monday the 26th Instant, as yesterday given out 
 in Orders. 
 
 G. 0. Chamblie, 24/A of August, 1776. 
 
 Pflro/^— St. Quentin. C 5.— Ireland. 
 
 All the British R egiments are to send imme- 
 diately to the Deputy Adjutant General, the 
 names of their Chaplains, specifying whether 
 present or absent, and if absent, whether they 
 have Deputies, and their Names, and what 
 allowance is made to them. 
 
 G. O. Chamblee, 25th August, 1776. 
 
 Parole —St. Paul. C. 5.— Sweden. 
 
 G. O. Chamblee, 26th August, 1776. 
 
 Parole — St. Catherine. C. 5.-- -Florence. 
 
HadderCs Orderly Books, 263 
 
 G. O. Chamblie^ 2jth August, 1776. 
 
 Parole — St. Magdalen. C. S. — Rome. 
 
 The Surgeons of the different Regiments are 
 to send to Doctor Kennedy at Chambl^e, In- 
 spector of the Regimental Hospitals, a List of 
 tneir Sick, specifying their Names, Regiments, 
 and Diseases. 
 
 G. O. Chambl6e, 28th August, 1776. 
 
 Paro/e — St. Mary. C. S.— Spain. 
 
 G. O, Chambl6e, August 29th, 1776. 
 
 Paro/e — St. Agnes. C. 5, — Portugal. 
 
 In the next weekly State of the Brigades, Com- 
 panies which may happen to be detached are 
 notwithstanding to be returned in their Battalions. 
 The weekly State of the Brigades must in future 
 be sent separate to the Commander in Chief, 
 Lieutenant General, and Major General. 
 
 The Order of the 8th Instant for completing 
 100 rounds a Man of Musket Cartridges should 
 by this time be perfected. It is therefore di- 
 rected that small Barrels, or well secured Boxes 
 covered with painted Canvass, be provided by 
 each Regiment, to pack these Cartridges very 
 carefully, and secure them against Damp. 
 
264 HadderCs Orderly Books. 
 
 As the keeping the Regimental Ammunition 
 in good Order is of the most essential con- 
 sequence, it is hoped and expected that the 
 utmost attention be observed in this particular. 
 
 The Regiments will be reimbursed such Ex- 
 pences as may be incurred on this occasion. 
 
 Colonel Vangall of His Serene Highness the 
 Prince of Hesse's Regiment is appointed to act 
 as a Brigadier General. 
 
 Major Carleton, Captain in the 20th Regi- 
 ment is appointed Lieutenant Colonel to the 
 29th, in the room of Lieutenant Colonel Gor- 
 don, deceased. 
 
 Captain Lieutenant Bolton Power/* of the 
 20th Regiment is appointed Captain of a Com- 
 
 ft. Thomas Bolton Power, or Bol- 
 ton Power, as he was sometimes called, 
 was descended in the fifth generation 
 from Sir Henry Power, Knt., who was 
 Master of the Horse in Ireland, under 
 j^ueen Elizabeth, and whose wife, a Miss 
 Bullen, was related to her Majesty. Bol- 
 ton Power's father was Thomas Power, 
 captain in the Battle Axe Guards, 
 ■nd his mother was Sarah, a daughter 
 of Capt. John Bolton of Co. Kilkenny. 
 He was the youngest of three sons, and 
 wai born at Killmurray, Co. Wicklow, 
 Ireland, Sept. 4, 1735. He entered the 
 army as an ensign in the 20th Foot, Sept. 
 16, 1757, and accompanied his regiment 
 to Germany, where he participated in 
 the famous battle of Minden, in 1759. 
 He became a lieutenant Aug. a6th of that 
 year ; and, though a lieutenant, yet he ap- 
 pears by the Army List of 1764, and 
 
 those of the four following years, to have 
 served as an ensign for that period, hii 
 company probably having been an ad- 
 ditional one that was reduced at the peace 
 of 1763, and Lieut. Bulton preferring 
 active service as an ensign, to going on 
 half-pay as a lieutenant. After the zoth 
 Foot left Germany, at the peace of 1763, 
 it was stationed for six years at Gibraltar, 
 whence it returned home in 1770, 
 Lieut. Bolton was promoted to be a capt.- 
 lieutenant March 2,1776; and in the 
 spring of that year he accompanied hit 
 regiment to Canada and served under 
 Gen. Carleton. Whether he served 
 with hit regiment the next year under 
 Burgoyne we have no means of knowing, 
 as we find no mention of him during that 
 period. He was connected with the 
 zoth Foot until the latter part of 1785, 
 or the early part of 1786, when he ex- 
 
HadderCs Orderly Books. 265 
 
 pany in the same Regiment in the room of 
 Major Carleton, and Lieutenant Alexander 
 Frazer is appointed Captain Lieutenant in the 
 room of Captain Bolton Power. 
 
 G. O. Chamblie^ August Tpth, 1776. 
 
 Parole — St. Lucia. C 5. — Naples. 
 
 The Commander in Chief approves of the 
 proceedings of the general Court Martial, 
 whereby Ensign Power/'' of the 24th Regiment 
 is acquitted of the Crime laid to his Charge, and 
 three Soldiers of the Royal Emigrants tried on 
 suspicion of intending to desert, are likewise 
 acquitted. The General Court Martial is dis- 
 solved. 
 
 G. O. Chamblee, August 31st, 1776. 
 
 Parole — St. Joseph. C. S, — Isle aux Noix. 
 
 changed into the 95th Foot on half-pay ; 
 and he continued a half-pay captain dur- 
 ing the remainder of his life, his retire- 
 ment from active service being ne- 
 cessitated by his eye sight becoming im- 
 paired. He died at Greenwich Nov. 9, 
 1801, leaving descendants. His son, Sir 
 Manly Power, became a K. C. B., a 
 lieut.-general of the Forces, and lieut.- 
 governor of Malta. [B. H : B. T : E. 
 B. io6z.] 
 
 34 
 
 ft. James Power was commissioned 
 an ensign in the 24th Foot March 28, 
 1775, and this seems to have been hii 
 only commission, as he appears in the 
 Army Lists last in 1782, and still as an 
 ensign. He accompanied his regiment 
 to Canada in the spring of 1776, and 
 served under Sir Guy Carleton during 
 that campaign. He was with Burgoyne 
 the next year and was included in that 
 officer's surrender, his name appearing on 
 the Cambridge Parole. [B. H.] 
 
266 Hodden's Orderly Books. 
 
 G. O. ChambUe, ist September, 1776. 
 
 Paroie — St. Benedict. C. S.— Sorel. 
 
 Ensign Joseph Stavely/" of the 9* Regiment 
 is appointed a Lieutenant in the same, m the 
 room of Lieutenant Alexander Frazer promoted ; 
 and George Clarges late Volunteer m the 34th 
 Rcgiment^o be Ensign in the 9* Regiment m 
 the room of Joseph Stavely. 
 
 G. O. Chamblee, 2nd September, 1776. 
 Paro/e— St. Hubert. C. 5.— Montreal. 
 
 Chamblee, 3rd September, 1776. 
 [The page is left blatik after the date, in the Orderly Book. 
 Editor.'] 
 
 St. John's. After Orders by 
 
 Major General Phillips, September 5th, 
 half after 6 at night. 
 
 C. 5.— Albany. 
 
 An Armed Boat will be advanced towards the 
 Post, called Montgomery's Battery, on board ot 
 
 ^/ Joseph SteveUy^^r^^^hc ^^^^TSSj,^^ 
 
 regimint to C.nad. m ^^^J^^uLTJ^ SV to th Ct^bndge Parole , and It 
 and wai promoted to a lieutenancy Sept. wc«c j^^ 
 
 ', in thaf year, though hU com..„.on a pear, .n^the Army ^ ^ ^ ^^^^ 
 bore date only from Uec. 19, i??"- 
 He accompanied his regiment upon Bur- 
 
Hadden's Orderly Books. 267 
 
 which will be an Officer, should any Rebel ap- 
 pear, a Gun will be fired three times from the 
 armed Boat, which will be repeated from Major 
 General Phillips Tent ; on firing the last signal 
 Guns, the Regiments will immediately strike 
 their Tents, leaving them on the Ground, and 
 will form under Arms. 
 
 The 62nd occupying the Ground between the 
 two Redoubts facing towards the Wood outwards 
 from the River ; the 9th Regiment will march 
 3 Companies into the lower Redoubt, and will 
 post the remaining part of the Regiment as a 
 Flank to the 62nd, facing towards the Road of 
 Chamblee, forming within the Angle of the 
 Redoubt. 
 
 The 2 1st Regiment will march two Companies 
 into the upper Redoubt, and will post the re- 
 maining four as a Flank to the 62nd Regiment, 
 facing towards the Wood leading to the Isle aux 
 Noix, forming within the inner Angle of the 
 Redoubt. 
 
 The Artillery will be posted close to the 
 Redoubts, and on the Front and Flanks of the 
 Troops, the out-Posts will maintain their sit- 
 uation, should they be attacked, as long as 
 possible, and then retire so as to march through 
 the Intervals of the 62nd, and the two Regiments 
 on the Flanks, by which means the Fronts of 
 the whole will be kept clear, and the Picquets in 
 
268 HaddetCs Orderly Books, 
 
 Retiring will not be in Danger of being fired 
 upon, as the Regiments will take care not to 
 fire till the Piquets are safe. The 62nd takes 
 the duty of the Night, and is to post a Captain, 
 two Subalterns, and 60 Men on the left of the 
 Camp, at the Entrance of the Road, leading to 
 the Isle aux Noix. 
 
 A Subaltern and 20 Men to be detached to 
 relieve the Subaltern of the 21st, and a Serjeant 
 and 12 Men to be advanced still forward to 
 Montgomery's Battery. A Captain, two Sub- 
 alterns, and 60 Men for the Right to be posted 
 near the Rebel Battery, on the high Ground, 
 who will detach a Subaltern and 20 Men to the 
 Road leading to Chamblee, from which a Ser- 
 jeant and 6 Men will be within hearing of what 
 may happen at the Camp of Brunswicks, which 
 has Orders to dispute their Post, but if forced to 
 retire are to do it by their Left to St. Johns. An 
 Officer and 20 men to be posted within the Line 
 of Shipbuilding who will keep a constant Patrole, 
 to prevent any attempt to burn or destroy the 
 Craft there, and in case of Alarm this Guard to 
 continue there posted. 
 
 A Subaltern and 20 Men to be posted in each 
 Redoubt, but upon being relieved upon an Alarm, 
 are to join their Regiment. 
 
 The remaining part of the 62nd to remain 
 under Arms in the Centre of the Ground, be- 
 
Hadden^s Orderly Books. 269 
 
 tween the two Redoubts facing to the Wood j 
 the detached Posts are considered as Posts of 
 Intelligence, but are not however to retire unless 
 severely pressed, and are then to do it upon the 
 Posts of the Captains, who are to observe the 
 Orders already mentioned. 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel Anstruther, and Major 
 Harnage/y being Field Officers upon the Picquet 
 
 Jv. Henry Harnage came of a very 
 ancient family, which, it it laid, held a 
 high rank in the county of Salop, Eng- 
 land, at fu bacic at the time of Edward 
 in, A. D. 1330. Hit grandfather wai 
 John Harnage, a colonel of marines, 
 who wat killed at the battle of Almanza, 
 in Spain, in 1707, and whose fifth son 
 wat the ^ther of this sketch. Henry 
 Harnage was the only son of Henry and 
 Anne (South) Harnage, and wat born 
 Oct. 10, 1739.' He was commissioned 
 an ensign in the Fourth, or the King's 
 Own Foot, June 7, 1756, and was pro- 
 moted to be a lieutenant Sept. 29, 1757. 
 The second battalion of the Fourth Foot, 
 in which Lieut. Harnage was serving, 
 was renumbered in 1758, then becoming 
 the 62d Foot, and hence, subsequent 
 thereto, that became the designation of 
 hit regiment. He served in the Caribbee 
 Islands with his corps, in which he be- 
 came a captain May 4, 1767, and major 
 Dec. zi, 1775. He became a lieut, -col- 
 onel in the army Nov. 17, 1780, and the 
 lieut.-colonel of the 104th Foot, March 
 18, 178a. He must have left the army 
 late in that, or early in the following 
 year, at hit name appeart in the Army 
 Lists for the last time in 1782.' 
 
 Major Harnage accompanied the 62d 
 to Canada in the spring of 1776, where 
 he served under Gen. Carleton ; and the 
 next year he took part in Burgoyne't 
 
 expedition. He wat twice wounded} 
 once on the 19th of September, at Free- 
 man't Farm, and again, October 7th, at 
 Bemus' Heights. 3 Madame Riedetel in 
 speaking of the affair of Sept. 19th, thus 
 writes in her Journal : — " I taw a great 
 number of wounded, and what was still 
 more harrowing, they even brought three 
 of them into the house where I wai. 
 One of these was Major Harnage, the 
 husband of a lady of our company ; an* 
 other, a lieutenant, whose wife, also, was . 
 of our acquaintance ; and the third a 
 young English officer of the name of 
 Yuung. Major Harnage, with his wife, 
 lived in a room next to mine. He had 
 received a shot through the lower part of 
 the bowels, from which he suflFered ex- 
 ceedingly." Again in describing Gen. 
 Fraser's wound on the 7th of October, she 
 alludes to Major Harnage in this wise : — 
 " The ball had gone through his bowelt, 
 precisely as in the case of Major Harnage. 
 Unfortunately, however, the general had 
 eaten a hearty breakfast, by reason of 
 which the intestines were distended, and 
 the ball, so the surgeon said, had not 
 gone, as in the case of Major Harnage, 
 between the intestines, but through 
 them." One would hardly suppose that 
 a man shot through the bowels at Major 
 Harnage is said to have been — escaping 
 death, as it were, by a miracle — could 
 recover to rapidly at to be on duty again 
 
270 tiadderCs Orderly Books, 
 
 of this Night, will make frequent Visitations of 
 their Posts. The Carleton Armed Vessel, and 
 the Armed Boats under the command of Cap- 
 tain Dacres, will support on the Water the 
 Operations of the Troops. The three Regiments 
 will take up their Ground, tomorrow, as soon as 
 the Camp Equipage of the 9th and 21st arrives. 
 The 9th will encamp on the Right, the 21st on 
 the Left, and the 62nd in the Centre, and will 
 
 eighteen days after. Be that as it may, 
 however, he was reported as again wounded 
 in the action of Oct. 7th. 
 
 Madame Riedesel affords us another 
 glimpse of this officer, for she thus 
 writes of Burgoyne's retreat on the night 
 of Oct. 8th :— «« The order had gone 
 forth that the army should break up 
 after the burial " (of Gen Fra8er),"and 
 the horses were already harnessed to uur 
 calashes. I did not wish to set out be- 
 fore the troops. The wounded Major 
 Harnage, although he was so ill, dragged 
 himself out of bed, that he might not 
 remain in the hospital, which was left 
 behind protected by a flag of truce. As 
 toon as he observed me'in the midst of 
 the danger, he had my children and 
 maid servants put into the calashes, and 
 intimated to me that I must immediately 
 depart. As 1 still begged to be allowed 
 to remain, he said to me, ' well, then 
 your children at least must go, that I 
 may save them from the slightest dan- 
 ger.* He understood how to take ad- 
 vantage of my weak side. I gave it up, 
 seated myself inside with them, and we 
 drove off at eight o'clock in the even- 
 ing."* 
 
 Mrs. Harnage accompanied her hus- 
 band on bis American campaign ; and 
 two of hit letters, which have come 
 down to us, afford gratifying testimony of 
 the pleasant relations that existed be- 
 
 tween some of Burgoyne's officers, and 
 the American general having the Con- 
 vention troops in charge. These letters 
 addressed to Gen. Heath are taken 
 from his Memoirs, and are as follows : — 
 
 "Cambridge, October 30/A, 1 778. 
 "Sir : With great pleasure I acknow- 
 ledge the favour of your obliging letter ; 
 .ind Mrs. Harnage joins me, with Capt. 
 Hawker, in returning you our sincere 
 thanks for your kind representation of 
 us, and solicitation in our favour, to the 
 Honorable Congress. With your leave, 
 we shall with patience wait the result; 
 and, let the Congress determine in what 
 manner they please, our obligations to 
 you, Sir, will be ever acknowledged. 
 
 " Believe me. Sir, with respect 
 "Your obliged humble servant, 
 " Henry Harnage. 
 " Maj. Gen. Heath." 
 
 *' Cambridge, jfune 10, 1 779. 
 " Sir : Being this moment informed 
 that you are about to quit Boston, I must 
 beg leave, previous to your departure, to 
 trouble you with these our acknowledg- 
 ments, for the civility and attention you 
 have been pleased to shew us ; and to 
 assure you that Mrs. Harnage, Capt. 
 Hawker and myself shall ever retain s 
 due sense of all favours, by which yoa 
 have kindly endeavoured to alleviate, 
 
HadderCs Orderly Books. 271 
 
 take up the Ground, so that each Regiment may 
 be as conveniently situated as possible, and equally 
 partake of the dry Ground. A regular Order of 
 Encampment is not required but the Pitching of 
 the Tents to be done so as to preserve the Men's 
 Health. 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton will fix the 
 Order of Encampment with the Commanding 
 Officers of the other Corps on this Plan. 
 
 The 2 1 St gives the working Parties tomorrow ; 
 the 9th takes the Piquet at five in the Evening. 
 
 and make easy, the restraints and dis- 
 agreeable circumstances that unavoidably 
 attended our present situation. 
 
 " We hope you will mention us to the 
 gentleman who is to succeed to the com- 
 mand in the Eastern Department. 
 
 "Wishing you all personal happiness, I 
 remain with respect, Sir, 
 
 " Your most obedient and 
 
 " Obliged humble servant 
 " Henry Harnage.s 
 «The Hon. Maj. Gen. Heath." 
 
 Major Harnage arrived in London 
 Nov. 30, 1780, with dispatches from 
 Sir Henry Clinton to Lord George Ger- 
 maine, in which are the following sen- 
 tences : — " Major Harnage of the 62d 
 Regiment will have the Honour of de- 
 livering my Dispatches. This Officer's 
 Services with the Northern Army will, I 
 doubt not, insure him your Lordship's 
 Favour and Protection."* 
 
 After leaving the army Lieut.-Col. 
 Harnage seems to have retained some in- 
 terest in military affairs as he was ap- 
 pointed Inspecting Field Officer of Yeo- 
 manry and Volunteers Sept. 14, 1803.T 
 
 When a lieutenant, he married Mary 
 Honour Paynter, Dec. 11, 1758; and 
 by her be had two sons and seven daugh- 
 ters, but only two of his daughters sur- 
 vived him. Mrs. Harnage died May 27, 
 1790, and her husband survived her till 
 Nov. II, 1826. Lieut.-Col. Harnage's 
 eldest daughter, Mary, married her cousin, 
 George Blackman, who was created a 
 baronet in i8zi, and thereupon assumed 
 the name of Harnage ; and one of their 
 sons. Sir George Harnage, succeeded 
 to the baronetcy Nov. 19, 1836. One 
 of Lieut.-Col. Harnage's grandsons, a 
 captain in the Coldstream Guards, fell 
 at the battle of Waterloo.* 
 
 The William Henry Harnage, a cap. 
 tain of dragoons, whom the editor of 
 Burgoyne's Orderly Book conjectures 
 may have been a son of Lieut.-Col. Har- 
 nage, was only a cousin's son ; but on 
 his death without descendants in 18x0, 
 Lieut.-Col. Harnage inherited the old 
 family estate of Belswardyne.' ['B. R. 
 •B H. 3G. V. 17s, 176. «K. L. 114, 
 119, 121. SF. P. P. 184,18s. 'H. 
 N. 529. 7B. M. 27.] 
 
272 HadderCs Orderly Books, 
 
 The 62nd may return to tht'r Camp, except 
 a Subaltern's Party on each Flank, at 7 o'clock 
 in the Morning. 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton will send Orders 
 that the two Companies of the 21st, on the other 
 side the River, take the Posts and Patroles on 
 that side, one of which Posts is to be a Serjeant 
 and 1 8 Men, to be sent on board the Carleton 
 armed Vessel ; these Posts to return to their 
 Camp at 7 o'clock in the Morning. 
 
 Major General Phillips will be found in his 
 Tent, but in case of Alarm in the upper Re- 
 doubt. 
 
 Genera/ Orders. September 6M, 1 776. 
 
 Paro/e — St. Anthony. C. S. — Belleul. 
 
 It is his Excellency the Commander in Chief's 
 Orders that the 21st Regiment encamp on the 
 other side the River, where the two Companies 
 at present are. Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton 
 will therefore make a Disposition, for the Pur- 
 pose of taking up for his Camp the strongest and 
 healthiest Ground. 
 
 The several Duties and Posts on that side the 
 River, are to be taken by this Regiment. 
 
 A Captain and fifty men are to go at Gun 
 firing every Evening in Batteaux along that side 
 
HadderCs Orderly Books. 273 
 
 the River, and frequently to land at different 
 Parts to discover if the Rebels have any small 
 Parties lurking in the Woods near the River ; 
 which, should there be, they are directly to be 
 attacked, and if possible Prisoners to be taken. 
 
 An Officer and 24 Men to be sent every Even- 
 ing on board the Carleton, who is to give a Cor- 
 poral and 6 Men for a Party in a Cutter to Patrole 
 on the River, these Piquets to be withdrawn at 
 seven o'clock every Morning. 
 
 The Guards of the Camp, and Piquets of 
 Security for it. Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton will 
 regulate. 
 
 The Duty at St. John's to be (during the night) 
 a Captain, three Subalterns, and 80 Men from 
 which is to be detached a Subaltern and 18 
 Men to the Post in the Wood on the Left, and 
 a Noncommissioned Officer and 6 Men at Mont- 
 gomery Battery. 
 
 A Subaltern and 18 Men at the Works upon 
 the Hill on the Right, a Noncommissioned Offi- 
 cer, and 6 Men advanced to the road of Chamblee. 
 
 The Captain, Subaltern, and remaining Men 
 to be posted in the Centre. Frequent Patroles 
 are to be made from these Posts ; these Piquets 
 will return to their Camp at 7 o'clock in the 
 Morning, leaving a Serjeant and 9 Men at each 
 Flank Post. The daily Guards as usual, and the 
 
 35 
 
274 Hadden's Orderly Books, 
 
 Subaltern's Guard in the Redoubt will make the 
 Patrole of the Shipbuilding Line between the 
 Redoubts during the night. Lieutenant Colonel 
 Hill Field Officer for the Night. In case of 
 Alarm the 9th Regiment will march three Com- 
 panies into each redoubt, a Company also to 
 cover the Artillery of each Flank. The 62nd 
 will form as before ordered. 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton to keep Twenty 
 six Boats with his Regiment to be ready to move 
 to the support of St. John's if ordered. 
 
 Mr. Corbin has the charge of the Batteaux 
 under the Orders of Lieutenant Twiss, Major 
 General Phillips' Aid de Camp ; application for 
 Boats to be made to Lieutenant Twiss. The Men 
 off Duty of the Regiment which forms the Piquets 
 and Guards, to give what men can be spared to 
 Major Gordon for the Works. The 9th Regi- 
 ment will do this tomorrow Morning at half 
 after Five. The Regiment off Duty to make 
 Fascines from 7 o'clock in the morning untill 
 Twelve, but not in the Afternoon, as it must pre- 
 pare for the Guards and Piquets. 
 
 The 62nd Regiment for this Duty tomorrow ; 
 as soon as the Artillery are posted, according to 
 Orders, Major of Brigade Bloomefield will attend 
 on Lieutenant Colonel Hill to shew him the 
 Disposition. 
 
H addends Orderly Books, 275 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 
 Orders. St. John's, September 6th, 1776. 
 
 The Artillery having much fatigue Duty are 
 to be allowed Grog, as is the Men of each Regi- 
 ment at St. Johns, who are on the working 
 Parties, and cutting Piquets. The Commissary 
 Mr. McLean to deliver Rum accordingly, at the 
 requisition of the Commanding Officer of the 
 different Corps, who will make the Demand for 
 the number of Men required. 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 
 Sr, Johns, September jth, 1776. 
 Paro/e—St. Chrysostom. C. 5.— La Chine. 
 
 General Orders by his Excellency the Com- 
 mander in Chief 
 
 The Coraces> furnished from the different 
 Parishes being regulated at Head Quarters with 
 the Major of Militia attending for that Purpose, 
 and Orders issued accordingly from thence. 
 
 It is directed that no Officers whatever in the 
 Cantonments of the Army interfere^ with these 
 Regulations, and the Requisitions made in con- 
 sequence of them from the different Parishes by 
 
 fw. It u believed that •' coracet " in the text, it a clerical error for correct. 
 
 S^g^^^gg 
 
276 Haddens Orderly Books. 
 
 Major St. George Dupret \J^ nor are any Officers 
 to demand Horses, Carriages, Men for any service 
 from any Parish, otherwise than by application 
 first to, and an Order obtained from, the Lieu- 
 tenant General, Major General Phillips, or the 
 Quarter Master General. It is expected that this 
 Order be strictly attended to. 
 
 Signed E. FoY, D. A. G. 
 
 Major General Phillips orders that all Officers 
 or Messengers, who arrive from the upper Posts, 
 
 ^ fx. St. George Dupree, not Dupret, 
 ai Hadden hat it, wm major of the mili- 
 tia for the city and precinct of Montreal, 
 where he lived.' When, on Nov. iitb, 
 1775, after the British troopt had retired 
 from Montreal, the inhabitants of that 
 city desired to capitulate to the advanc- 
 Ing Americans, St. George Dupree was 
 one of twelve citizens, duly elected for 
 that purpose, who signed the capitulation 
 entered into with Gen. Montgomery. 
 Many officers of the Canadian militia 
 surrendered their commissions received 
 from Gen. Carleton, and took out new 
 ones from the American general, but the 
 militia field officers did all in their power 
 to prevent this; so Gen. Wooster sent 
 several of these officers, including Major 
 St. George Dupree, "to the fort of 
 Chambly, as a place of security and to 
 put it out of their power to do us the 
 injury which might justly be apprehended 
 firom them." This act of Gen. Wooster 
 was disapproved by the commissioner! 
 of Congress, who, on their arrival in 
 Canada, allowed the militia officers to 
 return to Montreal, much to the disgust 
 of Gen. Wooster, at evinced in bis letter 
 to a committee of Congren dated Phila- 
 delphia, July 5, 1776.' April 14th, 
 1777, Major St. George Daprei wm ap- 
 
 pointed a commissary *< for forwarding 
 the Transports for the army and for regu- 
 lating the Corvees of the Inhabitants."^ 
 He served in this capacity during Bur- 
 goyne's campaign, and though the cor- 
 vees caused the British general much 
 trouble and uneasiness, yet through the 
 efforts of Major St. George Oupree they 
 were somewhat abated, we should judge 
 from the following letter from Sir Guy 
 Carleton to Gen. Phillips, via : 
 
 " Hd. !^t. Slutbee, 241A July, 1777. 
 
 " Sia : I have received your letter 
 from Tyconderoga dated the i8th In- 
 stant. The presrnce of Mr. St. George 
 Dupre is so necessary in Canada for col- 
 lecting and forwarding the Corvees and 
 for assisting the several Transports, all 
 which would, without him, go into the 
 greatest confusion, that his going up to 
 you would be attended with much more 
 detriment than use to your army. I 
 shall endeavour to send you some person 
 to oversee the men you have upon Cor- 
 vee, but in the meantime that end 
 might be answered by your appointiag 
 some officer of the Troops or other per- 
 son that can speak French for that pur- 
 pose." 3 [»J. E. •£. 1597 : I. I a. it. B. 
 6»i.] 
 
H addends Orderly Books, 277 
 
 are not suffered to pass St. John's without first 
 seeing him. 
 
 The 62nd Regiment takes the Guards and 
 Piquets for this Night ; the Adjutant of this 
 Regiment will inform Major Gordon, what 
 Number of men can be spared for the Works to- 
 morrow Morning. The 9th Regiment furnishes 
 the Party for making Fascines. 
 
 The 2 1 St Regiment to send out their Piquets 
 as usual, and the several Duties will continue 
 untill further Orders. 
 
 The Artillery to forward these Orders to the 
 9th Regiment, the 9th to the 62nd, from them 
 to the 2ist, and the 21st will send them to the 
 Corps of Engineers, who will return them to 
 Captain Pomeroy. 
 
 It is Major General Phillips' Orders that there 
 be an Adjutant of the Day, who will give out 
 the Orders of the Day for the future ; the Ar- 
 tillery send their Adjutant tomorrow. Orders at 
 the lower Redoubt at five o'clock in the After- 
 noon. 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel Anstruther Field Officer 
 for the Piquet this Evening. 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 General Orders* St. JohrCs, September 8M, 1776. 
 Parole — St. Timothy. C. S. — Crown Point. 
 
 The Carleton Armed Vessel will begin Exer- 
 
278 Hadden*s Orderly Books. 
 
 cise with her Guns tomorrow morning betvyeen 
 Six and Twelve. The Soldiers are to be strictly 
 enjoined not to give any Drink to the Indians, 
 and any Women who shall be detected m haying 
 given or sold Rum to the Indians, shall be 
 directly turned out of the Cannp. The same 
 Alertness is to be observed, as before ordered. 
 
 The oth Regiment will send to Major Gordon, 
 the number of men which can be given for the 
 Works tomorrow. The 62nd to furnish Parties 
 for Fascines till noon tomorrow. 
 
 Major Bolton Field Officer for the Night. 
 
 QO. September 9M, 1776. 
 
 The Detachment of the 29th to parade at 
 Evening Roll calling when Major General 
 Phillips will review them. 
 
 Morning General Orders. 
 p^y.o/^_St. Valentine. C. 5.— Ticonderoga, . 
 
 The Countersign will be given to Major Har- 
 nage who is Field Officer for this Night. 
 
 The Order is repeated not to give Rum to the 
 Indians ; it is requested Officers will endeavour 
 to prevent this, and on seeing Indians among the 
 Tents will examine whether they get Liquor. 
 
Hadden's Orderly Books. 279 
 
 The Duty and Piquets as usual. 
 
 The 62nd gives a Working Party tomorrow. 
 
 The 9th makes Fascines. 
 
 Major General Phillips will be absent from St 
 John's untill Gun firing. 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton will remain in 
 Camp. 
 
 By the Commander in Chief. [Gen Carleton.] 
 
 G. O. Chamblee, September loth, 1776. 
 
 The different Corps may send such Baggaee 
 as IS not intended to cross the Lakes, to Mont- 
 real without Delay. 
 
 Let 26 Boats a Battalion be delivered to the oth 
 2ist, 31st, 53rd, 62nd: they must be marked 
 and numbered, and kept in Order, to proceed at 
 an Hour's notice. 
 
 Major General Redhazel will make a De- 
 mand necessary to embark the left Wine 
 Brigadier General Frazer will also make a De- 
 mand for the Boats necessary for his Corps, 
 which shall be sent him. 
 
 The 34th will take their Boats at Sorel, and 
 proceed up the River in them to Chamblee, as 
 Lieutenant Colonel St. L-^er shall direct. 
 
 fy. Major General Riedesel ia, of name ii Re-day-xel. with accent on ik. 
 <our.e.the per,on alluded to in the .econd .yliable ' " ""* 
 
 text. The proper pronunciation of hit 
 
 feSSSSli^ 
 
28o HadderCs Orderly Books, 
 
 G. O. St. John's, nth September, 1776. 
 
 Parole — St. Athanasius. C. S. — Esopus. 
 
 All Children belonging to the Army that 
 crosses the Lakes, or are in Distress, shall be 
 taken care of at Montreal. 
 
 The different Corps will send in a Return to 
 the Adjutant General, as soon as may be, of the 
 Number the Parents propose sending there, that 
 suitable Accommodations may be provided for 
 them. 
 
 G. O. St. John's, 1 2th September, 1776. 
 Parole — St. Juis. C. S. — New York. 
 
 ... Guards and Working Parties as usual. 
 
 G. O. St. John's, 13th September, 1776. 
 
 Parole — St. Jacob. C. S. — Philadelphia. 
 
 The Regiments when their Batteaux are de- 
 livered them, are to embark Officers and Men, 
 in order to make Trial whether the Number be 
 sufficient or greater than is necessary, and are to 
 report thereupon to Major General Phillips. 
 An Evening and Morning Gun will be fired by 
 the Carleton at 9 at Night, and at Daybreak in 
 the Morning. 
 
Hadden*5 Orderly Books, 281 
 
 There being reason to suspect that some of the 
 Soldiers sell their Allowance of Rum to the 
 Indians, it is ordered that all Rum, drawn for 
 Soldiers in Camp, be mixed with Water, under 
 the Inspection of an Officer before they re- 
 ceive it. 
 
 G. O. St. John's, \ ^h September y 1776. 
 
 Parole — St. Matthew. C. S. — Quebec. 
 
 All the Batteaux are, according to former 
 Orders, to be forwarded to St. John's, at which 
 Place being put into the State necessary for the 
 Army, will be delivered to the several Regi- 
 ments, by the Quarter Master General, who will 
 give notice when the Quarter Master of Corps 
 may receive them. 
 
 No Corps is on any Account to retain any 
 Batteaux before the general Distribution is made, 
 this order to be forwarded to St. John's from 
 Regiment to Regiment as quick as possible. 
 
 G. O. St. John's, 15M September, 1776. 
 
 Parole — St. Judith. C. S, — Bristol. 
 
 All the Horses of the neighbouring Parishes 
 being wanted for the Service of the Army, it is 
 hoped that Officers will complete all their 
 36 
 
282 Hadden's Orderly Books, 
 
 private Business by Tuesday next, as after that 
 Day no Horses, Calashes, or Carriages can be 
 allowed to any Person. 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton is appointed to 
 the Inspection of the ist Brigade during the 
 Illness of Brigadier General Nesbitt. 
 
 Orders by Major General Phillips. 
 
 G. O. St. Johns, itth September, 1776. 
 
 Parole. — St. Maria. C. S. — Windsor. 
 
 The Duty at St. John's to be directly by 
 Battalions. The 29th Battalion to take the 
 Guards and Piquets in their Turn. Lieutenant 
 Colonel Hamilton will regulate the Duty. 
 
 G. O. St. John'sy ijth September, 1776. 
 
 Parole — St. Ann. C. S, — Boston. 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton . having the 
 Command of the First Brigade, during the Ill- 
 ness of Brigadier General Nesbitt, need not alter 
 his present Encampment, but Brigade report will 
 be made to him at Husill's house, and the Regi- 
 ments of other Brigades at St. John's are also to 
 report to Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton. 
 
Hadden's Orderly Books. 283 
 
 The 29th Regiment gives the Duty for this 
 Night, but the Day after tomorrow, will take a 
 Part of Duty only, as will be regulated by Lieu- 
 tenant Colonel Hamilton. 
 
 The 9th and 62nd for the Works tomorrow. 
 
 G. O. St, John's, 18M September, 1776. 
 
 Parole— ^t. Christian. C. ^S*.— Lebanon. 
 
 The 29th Regiment are to embark on board 
 the Carleton, tomorrow Morning at 7'oclock, one 
 of their weakest Companies, and if there is such 
 commanded by one Subaltern, they are to take 
 the upper Redoubt Guard this Evening, the 
 General's Guard, New work and Batteaux 
 Guards tomorrow Evening, and to continue to 
 take those Guards alternately, till further Orders. 
 The 9th and 62nd Regiments will take the re- 
 mainder of the Guards and Piquets by turns, the 
 62nd for this Duty to night. The 9th and 29th 
 for the Works tomorrow. 
 
 The Captain of the Piquet, and Officer of the 
 lower Redoubt Guard, will report to Lieutenant 
 Colonel Hamilton at 1 2 o'clock ; he will always 
 be found at the Mess house of the 9th Regi- 
 ment. 
 
284. HadderCs Orderly Books. 
 
 A Garrison Court Martial tomorrow morning 
 at 1 1 o'clock. ' 
 
 Detail. 
 9th . 
 
 2 1 St . 
 
 29th . 
 62n(i . 
 
 c. 
 
 S.A 
 
 I. 
 
 I. 
 
 
 I. 
 
 
 I. 
 
 
 I. 
 
 Major Nairn ^« Commanding in Montreal is 
 to order an Officer of his Regiment to take 
 
 yis. C. is an abbreviation fur Captain, 
 and S. for Subaltern. 
 
 r ga. John Nairne became a lieutenant 
 in the 63d, afterwards the 78th Foot, or 
 Second Highland Battalion, (Eraser's 
 Highlanders) July 16, 1757, was pro- 
 moted to a captaincy April 4, 1 76 1, and 
 served in America. His regiment was 
 reduced at the peace of 1763, and he 
 went upon half-pay. When his old 
 regimental commander, Major General 
 Simon Fraser, raised the 71st Foot for 
 service in America, Capt. Nairnfrreceived 
 a commission dated Nov. 27^ 1775, as a 
 lieutenant in the First Battalion.' He 
 probably never served under this commis- 
 sion as he was then in Canada aiding to 
 form the Royal Highland Emigrants, and 
 the 71st was being formed in Scotland. 
 Be that as it may, however, he tendered 
 excellent service to the crown in the 
 defienceof j^uebec when besieged by Gens. 
 Montgomery and Benedict Arnold, and 
 his loyalty was rewarded by government 
 
 with the grant of a considerable tract of 
 land.' His appointment as a captain in 
 the First Battalion of the Royal High- 
 land Emigrants dated from June 14, 
 
 1775, and that was the date of his com- 
 mission, when, three years later, the 
 regiment was received into the British 
 establishment, and numbered as the 84th. 
 He served in Canada throughout our 
 Revolutionary war, and in September, 
 
 1776, was in command at Montreal. 3 
 He became a major in the army Aug. 
 29, 1777', and Sir Frederick Haldimand, 
 the British commander in chief in 
 Canada, ordered him to do duty as a 
 major Aug. 15, 1778.* Sir Frederick's 
 high opinion of Major Nairne appears in 
 a letter he wrote to Lord George Ger- 
 maine, dated Oct. 14, 1778, in which 
 he says : — ♦' At the departure of Lt. Col. 
 McLean " (who had gone to Europe on 
 a leave of absence) " the cor^mand of 
 bis Battalion fell to a Capt. Nairne, a 
 very old ofHcer, and who distinguished 
 himself very much at the siege of {Quebec, 
 
HadderCs Orderly Books, 285 
 
 charge of the Soldiers of the different Corps, as 
 they are discharged the Hospital in that Place, 
 until they are ordered to join their respective 
 Corps or Detachments. 
 
 This Officer is to see they are lodged in the 
 Barracks, and that they attend Parades duly, and 
 behave orderly : he is to have Power to draw 
 upon the Paymasters of the Regiments to which 
 the Soldiers belong, for their Subsistence, which 
 is to be paid them, if necessary, from the time of 
 their quitting the Hospital, and each Brigade is 
 to send a careful Noncommissioned Officer to 
 attend the General Hospital, to take care of the 
 men of their Brigade there, their Arms and Ac- 
 coutrements, and Necessaries, and to receive 
 Orders from the Officer abovementioned. 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 
 G. O. St. John's, 19th September, 1776. 
 
 Parole — St. Sophia. C. S. — Three Rivers. 
 
 The Regiments to make fresh Necessary 
 Houses, and are to fill up all the old Ones. 
 
 on which 'ccount and to prevent the 1783. He sold out to Capt. Robert 
 
 mortification to him of being commanded Matthews Sept. 22, 1783, and retired 
 
 occasionally by Majors of Provincials I from the army.' He continued to live 
 
 have given him the nominal rank of in Canada, and on, or about July z6, 
 
 Major till further orders."' Aug. 31, 1787, Lord Dorchester, then governor- 
 
 1780, Sir Frederick Haldimand assigned general of Canada, appointed him a lieut.- 
 
 Major Nairne lO the command of the colonel in the British militia for the city 
 
 corps of royalists lately commanded by and banlieu of Quebec. '•f'The date of his 
 
 Major Daniel Mc Alpine, deceased." He death has not been ascertained. ['B. H. 
 
 became the major of the 53d Foot Oct. »J. Z. 24, note. 3F. E. 44. *F. E. 107. 
 
 4, 1780, then serving in Canada, and a SF. H. 29. 'F. £, 139. 1]. U.] 
 lieutenant-colonel in the army Feb. 19, 
 
286 Haclden's Orderly Books, 
 
 The Commanding Officers to send round the 
 Camp, to have all the Earth filled into any 
 Holes about it, and to render the Camp as Clean 
 and Healthy as possible for the Corps, which are 
 to march in upon the present Camp moving. 
 
 A certain quantity of Junk will be delivered 
 to the 9th, 29th, and 62nd Regiments, which 
 they are to pick and make into Oakum, and for 
 which they will be paid four Shillings Halifax 
 per Hundred; when done Lieutenant Dysart of 
 the Artillery is to be acquainted. 
 
 G. O. St. John's, 20th September, 1776. 
 
 Parole — St. Cecilia. • C. S. — Virginia. 
 
 . Brigade Orders. , 
 
 Major General Phillips orders that those men, 
 who are incapable of serving the Campaign be 
 sent to the General Hospital at Montreal, and he 
 hopes the Number will be very few ; the Sick of 
 the Regimental Hospital will be left according 
 to Directions which will be given. Every Man 
 is to immediately join his Company, and no man 
 is to be employed on any Pretence whatever, but 
 those who work as Artificers ; the Officers are to 
 observe that Orders having been given relating 
 to Servants, that it be strictly adhered to, and 
 
 — d 
 
Haddetis Orderly Books, 287 
 
 the Servants are to do their Duty in Action, and 
 to be considered as part of the Effective. 
 
 As little Baggage to be taken on the Lakes, as 
 possible ; the Winter Clothes, Caps &c. &c. now 
 w^orking up for the Men to be very carefully 
 packed and preserved, that w^henever the Army 
 halts, that work may go on. The remaining 
 Hessian Artillery at Chamblee to march to St. 
 John's on Sunday next. Captain Borthwick's 
 Company with the Artillery at Chamblee to 
 march on next Wednesday, the Laboratory will 
 remain till further Orders. 
 
 Fire Master and Quarter Master to fit out the 
 Radeau, and armed Boats, and will receive their 
 Orders from the Major General ; when they are 
 completed the Detachment will be ordered on 
 Board. As every man left the Transports with 
 a Rug or Blankets, the Commanding Officers of 
 Companies are to examine the men to see 
 they have Blankets — those who have lost, or 
 made away with any, are to have them bought 
 at Montreal, and charged to their Expence ; 
 this Order to be most strictly observed. The 
 Sea Bedding and Bolsters, are to remain in Store^ 
 on Board of the Ships, until ordered for Winter 
 Quarters. The Companies are to take all the 
 Watch Coats; a return of the Number to be 
 made to the Major General. 
 
 \ 
 
288 Hadden^s Orderly Books, 
 
 G. O. St. John's, 2 1 St September, 1776. 
 Parole — St. Agatha. C. S, — Carolina. 
 
 G. O. St. John's, 22nd September, ^77^- 
 
 Parole — St. Bridget. C. S. — Georgia. 
 
 The 47th Regiment is to march, and to take 
 up its Ground at St. John's, as soon as convenient ; 
 the Brigades are reminded of the non com- 
 missioned Officers, which by the Order of the 
 1 8th Instant, are to be sent to attend the general 
 Hospital at Montreal. 
 
 G. O. St. John's, 23rd September, 1776. 
 
 Parole — St. Lucretia. C. S. — Florida. 
 
 Brigade Orders by Major General Phillips. 
 
 As soon as the Quarter Master reports that the 
 Radeau is ready to receive the men, Captains 
 Mitchelson and Hosmer will go on board, and 
 regulate how the Men may be best disposed of. 
 All the Men of the Two Companies are to be 
 on board, including the Additional, except 
 twenty four Men from each, and forty of the 
 Additional. 
 
 The Hessian Artillery will furnish fifty men. 
 There will be also two Companies of the 29th 
 Regiment on board, so that the Radeau will be 
 
Hadden*s Orderly Books, 289 
 
 prepared for three Hundred men ; half of whom 
 must be supposed on Deck all night. The 
 Stern will be for the Officers, and the forepart 
 for the Sailors. 
 
 G. O, Chamblie. 
 
 Frazer's Brigade will move forward, and take 
 post at the River La-CoUe, the 26th in the 
 morning, the 1st Brigade under the command of 
 Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton, will occupy the 
 Isle aux Noix, and the Brunswickers under the 
 Command of Major General Redhazel with the 
 62nd Regiment, will occupy the Post at, and 
 near St. John's ; at the same time let those 
 Corps, who want Boats apply to Major General 
 Phillips. The Commissary General will send a 
 proper Person, forthwith, to the Isle aux Noix, 
 to see that Provisions are prepared for the Troops 
 that advance. 
 
 A Court consisting of Five Captains of the 
 Artillery, and 20th Regiment to enquire into 
 the Circumstances of the Fire, which happened 
 to a Barn in Chamblee, and of the Robbery 
 committed at the Fort last Night, is to sit to- 
 morrow at the House of the Person whose Barn 
 was burnt, and to report their Proceedings to the 
 Deputy Adjutant General. 
 
 37 :•...-■ 
 
 aiiiiHaMiaiaMMiMMn 
 
290 Hodden's Orderly Books, 
 
 A List of the Officer's Names with their Rank 
 in the Regiment and Army to be sent into the 
 Deputy Adjutant General as soon as possible. 
 
 Captain Lieutenant Power of the 20th Regi- 
 ment having been promoted by his Majesty to a 
 Company in the same Regiment in the room of 
 Major Macdonald.^* 
 
 gb. John Macdoneir* manner of 
 tpelling hit name indicates that he 
 belonged to the Lochgarry branch of the 
 clan Macdonald, which was the case.' 
 He was commissioned Jan. 13, 1757, ai a 
 captain in Frater'i Highlander*, known 
 alio, at different timet, a« the Second 
 Highland Battalion, the 63d, and the 
 78th Foot.' This regiment proceeded to 
 America in June, 1757, and took part 
 in the capture of Louiibourg in 1758, 
 and the battle on the Heights of Abraham 
 in 1759, where Capt. Macdonell was 
 wounded through both thigh*. The 
 next year the regiment participated in 
 the battle of Sillcry, or St. Foy, and, in 
 1762, in dn expedition to retake St. 
 John's, Newfoundland.3 At the peace 
 of 1763 Fraser's Highlanders were re- 
 duced, and Capt. Macdonell went upon 
 half-pay, but returned to active service 
 again Dec. 23, 1771, as a captain in the 
 20th Foot. He became a major in the 
 army July 23, 1772, and the major of the 
 First Battalion of the 71st Foot (Fraser's 
 Highlanders) Nov. 23, 1775.' 
 
 Fraser's Highlanders bore different 
 numbers during different wars. Simon 
 Fraser, son of the Lord Lovat that was 
 executed in 1745, ^** commissioned 
 Jan. 5, 1757, as lieutenant-colonel com- 
 mandant of Fraser's Highlanders, which 
 he had been authorized to raise among 
 his clansmen. This organization wa* 
 first designated as the Second Highland 
 Battalion ; then it was numbered in the 
 
 Army List of 1758 as the 63d ; and in a 
 later edition of the same work for that 
 year, a* the 78th Foot. Its uniform 
 was the full Highland garb, and the 
 regiment saw mi> h service in America. 
 At the peace of 1763 a number of the 
 officers and men settled in America, th« 
 remainder being returned to Scotland, as 
 the regiment was then disbanded, the 
 officers being put upon half-pay. Up- 
 wards of 300 of these men that had 
 remained in America, enlisted in the 
 Royal Highland Emigrants in 1775. 
 Lieut. -Col. Fraser, who had been pro- 
 moted to be a colonel in the army Feb. 
 19, 1762, and major-general May 25, 
 1772, was, on Oct. 25, 1775, commis- 
 sioned colonel of the 71st Foot, a new 
 regiment of two battalions, which he had 
 been authorized to raise among the 
 Highland clans for service in America 
 during our Revolutionary war, and which 
 was also known as Fraser's Highlanders. 
 Gen. Fraser became a lieut.-general 
 Aug. 29, 1777, and, at the peace of 1783, 
 his regiment was disbanded.* Thlr> 
 officer, by some writers has been con- 
 fused with his kinsman of the same 
 name, who was one of Burgoyne't 
 brigadiers.^ 
 
 Major Macdonell's regiment proceeded 
 to America shortly after its organization 
 and bore an active part in many actions 
 during the Revolutionary war.' Let- 
 ters of service were granted in December, 
 1777, to Lord Macdonald, to raise a regi- 
 
HaddetCs Orderly Books, 291 
 
 The Commander in Chief has been pleased to 
 appoint Captain Lieutenant Farquhar.V'' to be 
 Captain of a Company in the room of Major 
 Carleton promoted, and Lieutenant Baillie^^ of 
 
 ment in the Highlandi and ialei, of 
 which corps hit lordihip wai offered 
 the command; but he declined the 
 commiision though he exerted hit in- 
 fluence in the format'on of the corpt ; 
 and on hit recommendation IVlajor Joltn 
 Macdonell of Luchgarry was appointed 
 lieut. -colonel commandant of the regi- 
 ment, which was numbered at the 76th, 
 and known as Macdonald's Highlanders.' 
 John Macdonell's regimental cummission 
 at lieut. -colonel commandant bore date 
 Dec. 15, 1777, though he had been 
 brevetted lieut.-colonel on the 29th of 
 the preceding August.' Upon being 
 commissioned in the 76th, Lieut.-Col. 
 Mac.*onell, who was then in America 
 with Fraser's Highlanders, emb.irl<ed for 
 England ; but he was captured un hit 
 passage home, and so did not serve at all 
 with his corps, which went to America 
 and ended its active service with Corn 
 wallis' surrender, in which it was in- 
 cluded. It returned to Scotland and was 
 disbanded in 1784', when Lieut. -Colonel 
 Macdonell went upon half-pay and never 
 again returned to active service. He 
 became a colonel in the army Nov. 20th, 
 1782", and died in 1789.' ['Q. 7*8. 
 'B. H. 'B. J. 249-261 : D. L. 24. 
 *M A. 223-226. 5B. J. 262 et post. 
 «B. J. 297, 298 : F. Y. 241 et post.'] 
 
 gc. William Farquhar's first com- 
 mission in the British army, that we are 
 able to trace, is that of a lieutenant in 
 the 47tb Foot, Sept. 25, 1759, whicn 
 regiment was then serving in America. 
 As he was attached to one of the 
 additional companies, reduced at the 
 peace of 1763, he then went upon half- 
 pay. He returned to active service 
 
 May 3, 1765, as a lieutenant of the s6th 
 Foot, then at Gibraltar. He became 
 captain of a company in the 20th Foot 
 May 13, 1776, and served with his 
 regiment in Can.ida and on Burguyne's 
 expedition, receiving a wound at the 
 battle of Freeman's Farm, Sept. 19, 
 1777. He became a major in the army 
 March 19, 1783, and his name appears 
 in the Army Lists for the latt time in 
 1794.' ['B. H : G. V. 175.] 
 
 gti. Alexander Baillie entered the 
 British Army as an ensign in the 62d, 
 afterwards the 60th, or Royal ^vmerican 
 Regiment of Foot, December 9th, 1756.' 
 He served through the French war, and 
 was present with the ist Battalion of hit 
 regiment at the unsuccessful attack on 
 Ticonderoga, July 8th, 1758, where he 
 was wounded.' He was promoted to a 
 lieutenancy July 27th, 1758 ; but in 
 1763, soon after the declaration of peace, 
 the 3d and 4th Battalions of the 60th 
 were reduced, and he went upon half-pay, 
 where he remained until November 29th, 
 1771, when he was commissioned a ist 
 lieutenant in the 21st Foot, or Royal 
 North British Fuzileers, then serving in 
 North America. He became a captain 
 in the 9th Foot September 23d, 1776 j 
 a major in the army November 18th, 
 1790; the major of his regiment February 
 17th, 1794, and a lieut-colonel in the 
 army March ist, 1794. His name ap- 
 pears in the Army Lists fur the last time 
 in 1795.' 
 
 There was another contemporary 
 Alexander Baillie, who became an en- 
 sign in the ist, or Royal Regiment of 
 Foot, in 1756, a lieutenant in the 2(1 
 Battalion of that regiment, then serving 
 
292 HadderCs Orderly Books, 
 
 the 2 1 St Regiment is appointed Captain Lieu- 
 tenant ir the 9th Regiment in the room of Cap- 
 tain Lieutenant Fraser, who remains in the 20th 
 Regiment. 
 
 G. O. St. John's, 2^th September, 1776. 
 
 Paro/e — St. Eliza. C. S. — Louisiana. 
 
 The 31st Regiment will march tomorrow to 
 St. John's, and encamp on the Ground marked 
 for them by Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton. 
 
 The Detachments which are to be left behind 
 from the First and Second Brigades, will remain 
 where the Regiments now are but to prepare to 
 remove on Sunday next to Chamblee, and en- 
 camp there. Orders for which will be given by 
 Lieutenant Colonel St. Leger. The Officers of 
 each Regiment commanding the Detachments 
 are to meet Lieutenant Colonel St. Leger on 
 
 in America, February 2, 1757, and a the captain of an independent cmnpany of 
 
 captain tlierein Nov. 30, 1761. He Invalids, at Guernsey, Marcli 12th, 
 
 exchanged with Capt. Hugh Mont- 1789, and on October 20th of the next 
 
 joinery into the half-pay of the 78th year the captain of an independent com- 
 
 Foot, Fraser's Highlanders; and he pany of Invalids, at Jersey. His company 
 
 became Fort Major of Fort George (near was soon after reduced, notwithstanding 
 
 Inverness) in 177S, a major in the army which he was continued on full pay ; 
 
 August 29, 1777, and a lieut. -colonel and from December 25th, 1790, until 
 
 therein February 19, 1783.' He was his death in 1814, he received full pay 
 
 gazetted a captain in Lord Strathaven's without holding any command. He be- 
 
 corps April 8, 1783'', an infantry organi- came a colonel in the army March i, 
 
 tation then recently raised, but which 1794, and at his death, twenty yean 
 
 saw no active service, as it was reduced later, he was the fourth colonel on the 
 
 soon after the peace of 1783, when Capt. List.' ['B. H. "H. E. 176. 3H. Q^ 
 
 Baillie went upon half-pay. He became 338.] 
 
Had den's Orderly Books. 293 
 
 Saturday next at 10 o'clock at Head Quarters at 
 Chambke. The 24th and 29th Regiments are 
 not included in this Order, as they are to take 
 their Effectives on the Lake. 
 
 Lieutenant Beacrofti^e of the 24th Regiment, 
 Lieutenant Vallency^/ of the 62nd, and Lieu- 
 
 ge. Richard Beacroft was commis- 
 sioned as an ensign in the Z4th Foot, then 
 in Germany, May ^^, 1761, and was 
 promoted to a lieutenancy Feb. 13, 1766, 
 the 24th meanwhile having been trans- 
 ferred to Gibraltar. He accompanied his 
 regiment to Canada in the spring of 
 1776, where he served that year under 
 Gen. Carleton, and the next year par- 
 ticipated in Burgoyne's cr.mpaign. The 
 fact that he was detailed as an assistant 
 engineer Sept. 24, 1776, and so acted 
 during the remainder of that year, and 
 the following one, is strong proof that ht 
 wa» an officer of merit. Upon Bur- 
 goyne's campaign he was left as an as- 
 sistant engineer at Ticonderoga, and in 
 the American attack on that fort and 
 Mount Independence Sept. 18, 1777, he, 
 with the artificers in arms, in the Half 
 Moon Battery, prevented the Americans 
 from surrounding the fort. His gal- 
 lantry in thisalTair was recognized by his 
 commanding officer, Gen. Powell, and 
 Oct. 8, 1777, he was promoted to a 
 captaincy. When the garrison was with- 
 drawn from Ticonderog.i, after Bur- 
 goyne's sui render, Capt. Beacroft retired 
 to Canada with the remaining British 
 troops, where he served as an assistant 
 engineer until June 18, 1779, when, nt 
 his own request, he was allowed to re- 
 turn to England. June 20, 178 1, he 
 was commissioned as captain of one of 
 the new independent companies, some 
 of which were regimented in the autumn 
 of that year, as the loist Foot, his 
 among the number ; and his commission 
 
 in that regiment bore date Sept. 22, 
 17 8 1. The loist was disbanded in 1783, 
 after the conclusion of peace, and Capt. 
 Beacroft went upon half-pay, where he 
 remained as long as his name appeared 
 on the Army Lists ; it appearing last in 
 1795. [B. H : F. H. 114: E. Z.] 
 
 gf. George Preston Valiancy was 
 commissioned Sept. i, 1771, as a 
 lieutenant in the 62d Foot, then in 
 Ireland.' He accompanied his regiment 
 to Canada in the spring of 1776, and on 
 the 24th of September of that year he 
 was appointed an assistant engineer. The 
 next year he accompanied Burgoyne's 
 expedition, and May 5th, 1777, he wag 
 appointed to act as an assistant quarter- 
 master-general.' He served through 
 Burgoyne's campaign, and was included 
 in that unfortunate officer's surrender. 
 Oct. 21, 1777, he was sent by Burgoyre 
 to New York with dispatches for S:r 
 William Howe, stopping on his return 
 at Washinjiton's headquarters, which 
 lie left Nov. 12th. The American 
 commander in chief must have treated 
 the young British ofricer with much 
 consideration, as Gen. Heath in writing 
 to Gen. Washington from B< ston, Nov. 
 26, 1777, says: " Gen'l Burgoyne ia 
 much pleased with your Treatment of 
 Lieut. Vallency which he says was 
 Polite and noble."3 Valiancy's name is 
 signed to the Cambridge Parole, and he 
 appears to have been a witness against 
 the American Colonel Henley on the 
 trial of Burgoyne's famous charges by 
 
294 HadderCs Orderly Books, 
 
 tenant Wintersmidt 5'^' of the Brunswicks, to- 
 gether with Captain Lawe, are appointed assist- 
 ant Engineers, under Major Gordon. 
 
 Mr. George Reade, Mr. Daniel Davids 5^^ 
 Gentlemen Cadets in the Royal Regiment of 
 Artillery, sent out by the King's Command to 
 serve in Canada, are appointed to act as 2nd 
 Lieutenants in the Corps of Artillery, as is Mr. 
 Merida, a Volunteer in that Corps to the same. 
 
 Captain O'Connell^'* of the Brunswick 
 
 court martial against that officer. He was 
 commissiuned as adjutant of his regi- 
 ment Oct. 12,1777, his successor having 
 been commissioned April 6, 1782, 
 though he was promoted to be captain- 
 lieutenant and captain Aug. 18, 1778.' 
 At the peace of 1783 the additional com- 
 panies of the 62d Foot were reduced and 
 Capt. Valiancy exchanged with the 
 captain of one of them and went upon 
 half-pay, where he remained until May 
 31, 1787, when he was commissioned 
 as a captain in the 46th Foot, with 
 which regiment he served till he 
 disappeared from the Army Lists, his name 
 appearing last in 1 79 1.' ['B. H. *F. E. 
 49, 69. "H. I. 66 : F. P : K. M. 
 193, 227.] 
 
 gg. Lieut. Gottfried Jul Winterschmidt 
 belonged to the Brunswick Grenadier 
 Battalion commanded by Lieut. -Col. 
 Breymann. He deserted from his bat- 
 talion in 1779. [K. N. 267.] 
 
 gh. Daniel Davids entered the Royal 
 Military Academy at Woolwich, as a 
 gentleman cadet, July 21, 1772. He 
 was appointed a 2d lieutenant in the 
 Royal Artillery Feb. 21, 1777, and a 
 1st lieutenant July 7,1779. He served 
 
 through the Burgoyne campaign, and 
 was included in the Saratoga Convention. 
 He must have been exchanged the next 
 year, as his name appears on the list of 
 Sir Henry Clinton's Artiller} Officers in 
 1779. He died at Quebec Jai. 18, 
 1787. [G. U : H. B.] 
 
 gi. Capt. Laurentius O'Connel, of 
 the Brunswick Guards, an Irishman, and 
 a subject of Great Britain, arrived at 
 Quebec Sept. 21, 1776, with the second 
 division of German troops sent over that 
 year to re-inforce Sir Guy Carleton ; and 
 as he came over to serve on Riedesel'i 
 staff he reported for duty at that general's 
 headquarters four days later. He ac- 
 companied his chief on Burgoyne's cam- 
 paign in 1777, and was sent as an in- 
 terpreter with Baum on his disastrous 
 expedition to Bennington, where he was 
 made a prisoner. In January, 1778, he 
 was confined at Woburn, Mass., and in 
 the middle of the following June he 
 received permission from Congress to re- 
 turn to Europe on parole. Riedesel took 
 this opportunity to send his dispatches 
 to his court, and also the German flagi 
 which he had clandestinely saved at the 
 surrender at Saratoga. For some un- 
 known reason the captain left the flags 
 
 / 
 
Hadden's Orderly Books, 295 
 
 Guards is appointed Aide de Camp to Major 
 General Reidesel, and he fi to be obeyed as such. 
 
 St. John's, 25M. 
 Parole— ^t. Helena & Detroit. 
 
 St. John's, 26M. 
 Parole— ^t. Charlotte. C. 5— Michilimacinue. 
 
 Chamblie, 27M. 
 St. Ruth and Oswego. 
 
 St. John's, 2^th. 
 St. Eugenia and Oswegatchie. 
 
 isle aux Noix, 2gth. • 
 P.— St. Beatrix. ana C. 5.— The Cedars. 
 
 Isle aux Noix, 30th September. 
 P.— St. Margarite. C. ^.— La Galette. 
 
 Isle aux Noix, OQX.o\i^Y \^t, 
 Parole—St. Charles and Windsor. 
 
 Isle aux Noix, October 2nd. 
 Paro/e — Ferdinand and Magdeburg. 
 
 in Rhode Island, and they were after- a pensioned lieutenant-colonel in Irel.nrf 
 wards carried to Canada by Lieut.-Col. fC N • K """^"; '=^'**"*''"' ^«'»no- 
 Speth. Capt. O-Conncl died'in 18,9. - K.'n. ^t^^s.{ ^'' '*^' '" ' 
 
296 HadderCs Orderly Books. 
 
 Isle aux Notx, October 3rd. 
 Parole — Charles and Brunswick. 
 
 Is/e aux Notx, October 4/^, 1 776. 
 Parole — Charles and Brunswick. 
 
 A Disposition being made for the Army to 
 proceed in search of the Enemy, the Com- 
 mander in Chief takes the occasion to thank 
 Major General Phillips, and all his Department, 
 for the Zeal and Activity with which the prepara- 
 tions have been concluded, and likewise Captain 
 Douglass:/ for the cheerful and great assistance 
 
 gj. Sir Charles Douglas was a Scotch- 
 man, and was lineally descended from 
 one of the Earls of Morton, though 
 there seems to be some confusion as to 
 which one.' The Gentleman i Mag- 
 azine vol. 59, part I, p. 276, says, that 
 Sir Charles was origir^ally in the Dutch 
 service, and that it was not without 
 lome difficulty that he was able to ob- 
 tain rank in the English navy. Fullom*, 
 the biographer of Sir Howard Douglas, 
 Sir Charles' youngest son, makes no 
 mention of Sir Charles having been in 
 the Dutch service, but states that at 
 one time during his naval career, upon 
 the recommendation of the British gov- 
 ernment, he was employed in organizing 
 the navy of Russia, which he succeeded 
 in placing on a good footing before his 
 return to England. 
 
 He became a lieutenant in the British 
 navy Dec. 4, 1753, and a commander 
 Feb. Z4, 1759. He was promoted to 
 be a post-captain March 13, 1761, and 
 was at once appointed to the command 
 of the Syren of 20 guns. In this ship 
 he proceeded under Lord Colville to 
 Newfoundland to disperse M. de Ter- 
 nay's French fleet and to recover that 
 
 island. The Syren attended the trans- 
 ports and covered the landing of Lieut.- 
 Colonel Amherst and his troops, a duty 
 Capt. Douglas very diligently preformed.3 
 In 1767 he assumed command of the 
 Emerald frigate of 32 guns, and in her 
 the next year made an expedition to the 
 North Cape of Lapland to observe the 
 transit of Venus.* Towards the close of 
 1770 he was commissioned to the St. 
 Albans, of 64 guns, and in 1775 to the 
 Isis, of 50 guns, in which latter vessel 
 he proceeded, in the spring of 1776, 
 with several other men of wur and a 
 convoy, to Canada, to relieve Sir Guy 
 Carleton then beleagured at (Quebec. 
 FulIomS thus refers to Sir Charles' 
 activity in equipping his ships for sea 
 and in navigating them to their des- 
 tination. " Capt. Douglas worked day 
 and night to hasten the equipment of 
 the ships, and the Admiralty urged him 
 to even greater exertion. • For God's 
 sake, get the Isis down to Blackstakes 
 the next spring-tide,' wrote Lord Sand- 
 wich, the First Lord ; ' Your being ready 
 to leave early in February is of the ut- 
 most importance to the public service. 
 I think the htt of Quebec depends upon 
 
 i 
 
Hadden's Orderly Books. 297 
 
 afforded from the Naval Department. Captain 
 Pringle, Captain Dacres, and Captain Shanks 
 and Stark of the Navy, and Lieutenant Twiss of 
 the Corps of Engineers, deserve particular dis- 
 tinction in this acknowledgment, it being to the 
 indefatigable Attention of these Gentlemen that 
 the surprisingly expeditious advancement of the 
 important Works carried on is greatly owing. 
 
 it.' The squadron sailed at the ap- 
 pointed time, and the beginning of April 
 found it on the cuast of Newl'uundland, 
 waiting for the breaking up of the ice to 
 make for the St. Lawrence. But Capt. 
 Douglas was not content to wait lung. 
 There seemed no prospeit of the nav- 
 igation opening, and he knew that 
 C^uebec must be in the last extremity, 
 as it had now been invested some months, 
 and subjected to repeated assaults. It 
 occurred to him that he mij^ht drive his 
 thip through the ice, and he took advan- 
 tage of a rising g^lc to put her before the 
 wind, and run against a block twelve 
 feet thick as .in experiment. The shock 
 had a greater effect than he expected, 
 crumbling the ice in pieces. ' We now,' 
 he says in his despatch tt> Mr. Stephens, 
 •thought it an enterprise worthy of an 
 English ship of the line in our King and 
 Country's sacred cause, .ind an eH'ort due 
 to the gallant defence of {Quebec, to make 
 the attempt of pressing her by force ot 
 tail through the thick, biuad, and closely 
 connected fields of ice (as formidable as 
 theGulf of St. Lawrence ; exhibited), 
 to which we saw no bounds.' Tlic 
 frozen tract was found to cxteiul sixty 
 leagues; but he persevered in his design, 
 undeterred by gales and snowstorms and 
 innunierable perils and accidents, and 
 nine days of unwearied labour brought 
 the thip to open water. Here she was 
 joined by the < Surprise ' and ' Martin,' 
 
 which had followed in her track; and 
 the little squadron entered the St. Law- 
 rence under a heavy fall of snow." Sir 
 Charles' arrival in the b.rsin of Quebec, 
 the 6th of May, at once raised the siege ;' 
 and he immediately became commodore 
 of the British fleet in the St. Lawrence.' 
 Jan. 13, 1777, soon after his return to 
 England, he was created a baronet in 
 recognition of his important service in 
 relieving Quebec.^ Fullom says '* His 
 activity excited the wonder of his Russian 
 friends, as they w re aware that the death 
 of a relative had brought him an inde- 
 pendence, and he had refused the most 
 tempting offers to remain in Russia. 
 Admiral Greig wrote to him from St.. 
 Petersburg in 1777, ' 1 have just beea 
 dining with Count Panim, who inquired 
 after you with professions of grrat esteem, 
 and regard. He said th.it he was sur- 
 prised to find that you still served at 
 home, .iftcr having declmed service here^. 
 from the easy and atliuent fortune be- 
 queathed to you. I told him 1 did not 
 imagine any change of foitune or circum- 
 stances would make you decline the ser- 
 vice of your njtive country, whenever 
 your services were required.'"' March: 
 18, 1777, the Stirling Castle, of 64 guns,, 
 was put into commission, and Sir Charles, 
 was appointed to command her.'° This, 
 ship was the slowest sailer of the fleet,, 
 being in the nautical parlance of that day^ 
 a haystack ; but her commander managed 
 
 38 
 
J 
 
 298 H addends Orderly Books. 
 
 Provisions may be drawn for the Women of 
 the different Regiments, not exceeding 16 per 
 Battalion or 2 per Company, but these Rations 
 are to be accounted and paid for to the Pay- 
 Master General in like manner for those of the 
 Soldiers and others. 
 
 to get her up so as to participate in 
 Admiral fCeppel's great victory over the 
 French fleet off Ushant, July 27, 1778, 
 ■he being in the division of Sir Robert 
 Harlind, Vice-Admiral of the Red." 
 In the memorable courts martial of Ad- 
 miral Keppel ani Vice-Admiral Sir Hugh 
 Palliser, growing out of that naval en- 
 gagement, Sir Charles was a witness." 
 Soon after this action, upon Capt. Brere- 
 ton of the Duke, of 98 guns, being dis- 
 missed for misconduct. Sir Charles was 
 appointed to the command of that ship, 
 and served in the channel fleet. In the 
 Duke he applied his mechanical ability 
 to improving the serving of guns, by 
 using locks instead of matches, and to 
 «uch good purpose that the impiuvement 
 was universally adopted throughout the 
 navy.'3 
 
 Upon the death of Lord Rodney's 
 favorite officer, Capt. Young, Sir Charles 
 Douglas was recommended by the Lords 
 of the Admiralty as a fit successor ; and 
 accordingly, in 1781, he became first 
 captain of the Formidable, the flagship of 
 Lord Rodney, the commander in chief 
 on the West India station. As captain 
 of the fleet, an officer whose functions 
 nearly correspond with those of adjutant- 
 general of an army, he distinguished 
 himself in the engagement with the 
 Count de Grasse on the 9th and 12th of 
 April, 1782 ; and to his advice and assist- 
 ance, it is said, the commander in chief 
 attributed no small share of the success 
 achieved. The claim of Sir Charles' 
 credit of breaking the line in thit action 
 it put forward by his son. Major General 
 
 Sir Howard Douglas, who gives the state- 
 ment of Sir Charles Dashwood, an aid de 
 camp to the commander in chief, though 
 then only a buy of 13 years. If that 
 letter is worthy of credit Sir Charles 
 Douglas is entitled to the honor of being 
 instrumental in breaking the French 
 line. '4 Sir Charles when pressed upon 
 the subject, always replied — '* We had a 
 great deal to do, Sir; and I believe you 
 will allow we did a great deal." Lord 
 Rodney thus spoke of him in public dis- 
 patches ; — •' My own Captain, Sir Charlei 
 Douglas merits everything I can possibly 
 say : his unremitting diligence and ac- 
 tivity greatly eased me in the unavoidable 
 fatigue of the day." 
 
 The manner in which Sir Charles met 
 the attempts of some to detract from 
 Lord Rodney's fame by attributing an 
 undue share of the credit of the victory 
 to Sir Charles himself, is best shown in 
 a letter to Major Gen. Munday from Sir 
 Gilbert Blane, who was Lord Rodney's 
 medical attendant, and accompanied him 
 in the action of April 12, 1782. Sir 
 Gilbert says — " Sir Charles Douglas 
 always, in so far as I ever heard him 
 speak on the subject, rejected alt com- 
 pliments to himself at the expense of 
 Lord Rodney. This is perhaps imprinted 
 on my memory the deeper from what 
 occurred after dinner one day at my 
 house, when one of the company como 
 plimented Sir Charles on the superior 
 share he had in the great victory. Sir 
 Charles answered that he would accept 
 of no compliment at the expense of Lord 
 Rodney; and added the words I alluded 
 
Haclden*s Orderly Books, 299 
 
 After G. O. 
 
 The Commander in Chief delayed to repri- 
 mand in Orders, the insolent, shameful, and un- 
 grateful Clamour made at the Evening Parade of 
 Tuesday last, by the 31st and 47th Regiments, in 
 
 to, namely, ' to tell the person who told 
 him 80 to keep his breath to cool his 
 pudding.' " '5 The testimony of Richard 
 Cumberland on this point, as contained 
 in his Memoirs, page 170, is as Follows — 
 " My friend, Sir Charles Douglas, captain 
 of the fleet confessed to me that he him- 
 lelf had been advcse to the experiment, 
 and in discussing it with the admiral had 
 stated his objections ; to these he got no 
 other answer but that < his counsel was 
 not called for ; he required obedience 
 only, he did not want advice.' " The 
 tame writer adds in the Supplement, page 
 329, this further statement — '' I must 
 also beg leave to add t.iat my friend Sir 
 Charles Douglas, upon his return to 
 England, expressly declared to me that 
 the merit of cutting the French line, 
 rested entirely with his admiral, and that 
 his own opinion ever went against it." 
 Cumberland also relates this anecdote, 
 page 170 — «* Sir Charles also told me 
 that whilst this project was in opera- 
 tion " — viz., that of forcing the enemy's 
 line — '• (the battle then ragmg), his own 
 attention being occupied by the gallant 
 defence made by the Glorieux against the 
 ships that were pouring their fire into 
 her, upon his crying out, ' Behold, Sir 
 George, the Greeks and Trojins con- 
 tending fur the body of Patroclus ! ' the 
 admiral then pacing the deck in great 
 agitation, finding the experiment of the 
 manoeuvre, which, in the instance of 
 one ship, had unavoidably miscarried, 
 peevishly exclaimed, ' D — n the Greeks, 
 and d — n the Trojans ! I have other 
 
 things to think of When in a few 
 minutes later, the supporting ship having 
 led through the French line in a gallant 
 style, turning with a smile of joy to Sir 
 Charles Douglas, he cried out, ' Now my 
 dear friend, I am at the service of your 
 Greeks and Trojins, and the whole of 
 Homer's Iliad, or as much of it as you 
 please; for the enemy is in confusion, 
 and our victory is secure.'" 'S 
 
 In October, 1783, Sir Charles hoisted 
 his broad pendant on board the Assist- 
 ance, of 50 guns, in which ship he pro- 
 ceeded to assume the chief command on 
 the Nova Scotia station, but getting dis- 
 gusted at some proceedings of the Ad- 
 miralty and Naval Boards, he begged to 
 be recalled ; »' and consequently he wa» 
 relieved by Commodore Herbert Sawyer 
 the next year.'" The Georgian Era, vol 
 2, p. 506, says he was not relieved until 
 1786. Sept. 24., 1787, during the pre- 
 parations fur war. Sir Charles was pro- 
 moted to be a rear-admiral of the Blue,'^ 
 and about a month before his death he 
 was again appointed to go to Nova Scotia 
 as commander in chief. 
 
 He died March 10, 1789. One 
 account says he fell in a fit of apoplexy 
 as he was entering a public meeting at 
 Edinburgh, and instantly expired. Hit 
 son's biographer, however, gives this 
 relation of his last illness : '• In the 
 spring of 1789 Sir Charles Douglas was 
 appointed commander in chief on a 
 foreign station and hoisted his flag at 
 Portsmouth, when he paid a hasty visit 
 to Scotland, to bring away Howard (hit 
 
300 Had a en's Ordei^ly Books, 
 
 hopes, and in expectation that the Displeasure 
 he expressed to the Commanding Officers of 
 those Corps, with his Orders to communicate the 
 same immediately to the Officers of Companies, 
 would have produced such visible and equal 
 marks of Contrition, as might have justified him 
 in suffering the matter to rest thenceforward in 
 Silence. His Excellency has been in some 
 measure disappointed, and he has therefore in 
 justice to both Regiments, left it in charge to 
 take public notice of the diffisrence of their be- 
 haviour. 
 
 son), and take him un board his own 
 ship to sea. He arrived at Musselburg 
 in the midst of the excitement caused by 
 the recovery of George III from his first 
 illness, and intended to take part in the 
 rejoicing, but a sudden attack of illness 
 confined him to his room. This was 
 not allowed to interfere with the enjoy- 
 ment of his children, and they went to a 
 juvenile ball at a neighbour's, given in 
 honor of the occasion. It is indicative 
 of the thoughtful kindness inherent in 
 Howard tliat he ran over from the dance 
 to see his f.ithe- several times during the 
 ■evening. He found him complaining of 
 pain in the head, and saw that he was 
 disturbed by the glare of the illumination, 
 which he proposed to shut out by d.irken- 
 ing the window. ' God forbid that my 
 window should be the first darkened on 
 such a night as this ! ' said the old Ad- 
 miral, showing b's ruling passion of 
 loyalty strong in death ; for these were 
 his last words. He was seized with 
 apoplexy during the night, and the morn- 
 ing found him dead."'* 
 
 His first wife was a Dutch lady of 
 rank who died in 1769, and who bore 
 him two sons and a daughter. Hissecond 
 wife was- Mrs. Jane Wood, daughter of 
 John Baillie, and by her he had another 
 
 son. Sir Charles was succeeded by his 
 eldest son, William Henry, a vice-admiral 
 of the Blue; at whose death, in 1809, 
 unmarried, the title devolved upon Sir 
 Charles' son by his second wife, Howard, 
 a lieutenant-general in the army, colonel 
 of the 15th Foot, and governor of New 
 Brunswick.' 
 
 Sir Charles Douglas was an officer of 
 much merit ; indeed, Sir Gilbert Blanc 
 calls him the most enlightened and 
 scientific officer with whom he was ever 
 acquainted.'' Sir Charles, likewise pos- 
 sessed considerable mechanical ability, 
 and he was so excellent a linguist that 
 he spoke six languages with great correct- 
 ness A writer in the Gentleman's 
 Magazine says, " Sir Charles was a very 
 good, a very brave, and a very honest 
 man."'« [' B. R : D. J: D. N. a. 
 ' D. N. 3. 3 E. V. 506: A. T. 18, 
 43. •♦ I. B. 324. 5 D. N. 4, 5 « H. 
 456. 7 H. F. 6oa. 8 B. R. " D. N. 
 6. '" H. G. 270. " E. V. 506: M. I. 
 147. " M. J. 121, 228. '3 D. Y. 
 277 : M. J. 333 : H. K. 74, 266. 
 »« D. N.7-9 : B. Z. Z. 86: B. Z, 
 540, Article on John Clerk. »S I. G. 
 305. '6 E. V. 506 : D. Y. 277. '7 X. 
 234. '8 D. N. 14. ■» I. G. 231 
 «> F. O. 
 
HadderCi Orderly Books, 301 
 
 The 47th Regiment have not ceased through 
 their Commanding Officer to acknowledge their 
 offence and to testify their penitence, and in such 
 terms of Decency and respect, as make due atone- 
 ment, and restore them to the good opinion they 
 before deserved. 
 
 The 31st have not only been deficient in such 
 representations, but the Lieutenant Colonel suf- 
 fered Rum to be delivered, notwithstanding he 
 had received an express prohibition upon the 
 subject from the General's own mouth. 
 
 It is a painful necessity to include other Officers 
 in this regimental Censure, but it can hardly be 
 supposed, if the Subject of Rum had been properly 
 explained, that men could be so devoid of Duty 
 and Reason as to expect indulgencies never 
 granted to any Army ; absolutely impossible to 
 be complied with in the present service, and 
 were it otherwise, improper and prejudicial. 
 
 The Officers are required and ordered to make 
 these truths known to the men, and those who 
 want recollection are to be taught to reflect on 
 the numerous and unprecedented favours already 
 heaped upon this Army, by the King, their 
 Countrymen at Home, and their own Officers. 
 
 The impression of just principles carefully in- 
 stilled, soon becomes visible and certain, and 
 Soldiers so prepared, will ever consider that 
 Decency, Regularity, Subordination and respect 
 
302 H add en's Orderly Books, 
 
 to their Officers, when out of Action, are the 
 best and most honorable pledges they can offer 
 to their Superiors for trusting to their hands, 
 when they shall meet the Enemy, the Glory of 
 His Majesty's Arms, and the Vindication of the 
 Rights of Great Britain. 
 
 Rum will be allowed to the Regiments to Day, 
 the 31st Regiment excepted. 
 
 Isle aux NoiXf 5th October, 1776. 
 
 Parole — William and Stade. 
 
 The Brunswick and Hessian Troops will fur- 
 nish Men for the Duties of the Island in propor- 
 tion to their Numbers. 
 
 When the Regiments move they will carry in 
 each Boat, at least fourteen Days Provision for 
 the Number of Men the Boats contain. They 
 will therefore prepare and accommodate their 
 Baggage, so as to be sure of leaving Stowage for 
 that essential Article. 
 
 All the Batteaux are to be examined imme- 
 diately and such as are leaky to be reported. 
 
 The Quarter Master General and Camp Color 
 Men of the British at the Isle aux Noix to be 
 ready to go forward tomorrow Morning. 
 
Hodden's Orderly Books. 303 
 
 Camp at the Isle aux Noix, October 6th, 1776. 
 
 Parole — Phillip. C. S. — Munster. 
 
 The Troops to receive Biscuit for to Day, 
 instead of Bread and the British are besides to 
 receive Bread and Provisions for tomorrow. 
 
 The Quarter Masters and Camp Color Men 
 of the I St Brigade, British, are to proceed to the 
 Riviere La Colle this afternoon, to take up the 
 Ground that shall be given for their respective 
 Regiments by Captain Harrington, Assistant 
 Quarter Master General. 
 
 The Brigade v/ill load their Store of Provisions, 
 according to the Orders of yesterday, this Even- 
 ing, Bread excepted, which will be kept back 
 till Morning to prevent its being damaged. 
 
 The British will beat the General, instead of 
 the Reveille at Daybreak tomorrow, and strike 
 their Tents immediately. An Hour will be 
 allowed for loading the Baggage, after which the 
 Assembly will beat, and the Regiments embark. 
 
 The Brunswick and Hessian Troops will take 
 the whole Guards of the Island at 5 o'clock this 
 Evening. 
 
 Isle aux Noix, jt/i October. 
 Parole — Henry and Hanover. , 
 
 ' •Tirriir' I '' ' 
 
304 Maddens Orderly Books, 
 
 Riviere a ia CoUe, 8th October. 
 Parole — Francis and Friezland. 
 
 Riviere a la Colle, 9th October. 
 Pj^o/^_Ignatius and Julien. 
 
 Riviere a la Colli, i oth October, 
 Parole — Lewis and Lorraine. 
 
 ha Colley iiM. 
 Moses and Moselle. 
 
 La ColUy 1 2th. 
 Parole — Stephen and Sweden. 
 
 La Pointe au Per, 13th October. 
 Peter and Prussia. 
 
 Pointe au Per, 14M. 
 Pjro/^— Rodolph and Russia. 
 
 Isle a la Motte, 15M. 
 Parole — Lazarus and Lapland. 
 
 Pointe au Sable, October i6th, 1776, 
 Parole— ?'\\xs and Prague. 
 
Hadden's Orderly Books, 
 
 305 
 
 Evening G. O. 
 
 [This is given in the Journal ante p. 30.] 
 
 Crown Point, ijth October, 1776. 
 Ptfr(?/^__Augustus and Austria. 
 It is the Commander in Chief's nnQiVIu- n 4 
 that no Soldier or FoHower of IheTr/do pr? 
 
 sume to .„oIe« any of the Inhabitants at cXn' 
 Point, or on either side of the Lake, in their P^r 
 sons or Property ; they are to be cons Se ed I 
 Br. jsh Subjects, who have already suffered much 
 by the residence of a lawless BanHiff; , 
 
 ^^ The inhabitants a:^ S'llLf^g^ , - 
 
 offer to all. whatever they can spare, and readv 
 
 money IS to be paid for i't. OffiWcommand- 
 >ng Regiments are to give ereat »».„/■• 
 
 explaining these Orders fo :he'Ml,ThrEx- 
 
 cellency IS determined to give directions to puni'h 
 the transgression of them with the utr^ost 
 Severity of Martial Law. utmost 
 
 Crown Point, 18M. 
 P/7n?/;?— Hughes and Hesse. i 
 
 |; 
 
 Crown Point, igth^ m 
 
 P^r^/^AIexander and Aleppo. ji 
 
 39 '1 
 
 
3o6 Hadden's Orderly Books, 
 
 Sunday, 7.0th, 
 Parole — Leopold and Lyons. 
 
 [Here follows a break in the Orders until June, 1777, but 
 as the Orders in Burgoyne's Orderly Book begin June 20th, 
 1777, no order printed in that volume, or in Lieut. Hadden's 
 Journal, will be printed here ; and hence there will be many 
 and, frequently, long breaks in the continuity of dates here- 
 after. — Editor 7\ 
 
 By Major General Phillips. , 
 
 B. O. [Crown Point, June 30th, 1777.]^^ 
 
 The Regiments will strike Tents and put them 
 on Board their Batteaux immediately on the 
 General beating, and when the Assembly beats, 
 they will embark. The Camp Guard will strike 
 their Tents and join their respective Regiments 
 a little before the Assembly beats. 
 
 Captain Hosmer's division of Gun Boats con- 
 sisting of those le+L with the Army after Captain 
 Mitchelson was detached from Crown Point, is 
 to assemble afloat in the Gun Boats in the middle 
 of the stream between Crown Point and Chim- 
 ney Point at day break in the morning, and 
 move between the two wings of the Army and 
 as near with the heads of the Columns as possible. 
 
 gk. The date of this Brigade Order By reference to Hadden's Journal it will 
 
 is not given as it follows a Ger-ral be seen that the British army, then at 
 
 Order of the same place and date, wmc'i Crown Point, embarked July ist, the day 
 
 were doubtless intended to apply to this, after the order in the text was issued. 
 
Hadden's Orderly Books. 307 
 
 When the Army encamps they will lay off at 
 about one hundred yards advanced from the Line 
 of Encampment and wait for orders. Should the 
 water be too deep to unchor in the middle of the 
 Channel, they are to divide in two divisions, one 
 of which is to anchor on the West side at the 
 head of the right wing of the Army ; the other 
 on the East shore at the head of the left wing, 
 but to be prepared to land the Guns immediately. 
 (Signed) Wm. Phillips, 
 
 M. G. 
 
 ' Division Orders by Capt Hosmer. 
 
 The Guns to be got down to the water side 
 and the Camp struck immediately and embark'd 
 after Gun fire; the Guns to be put on board at 
 two in the morning, and the Boats moved to the 
 station assign'd them in the Brigade Orders of 
 this day. 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 
 Extract of Brigade Orders, ist July, 1777, 
 
 Major General Phillips is sorry he is under the 
 Necessity of repeating what he thought would have 
 been sujjiciently impressed upon the Officers minds^ 
 that Fatigues and Dijiculties would certainly attend 
 this Campaign^ but that he expected, and made no 
 
3o8 Hadden^s Orderly Books, 
 
 doubt they would go through both with Cheerfulness, 
 with Credit to themselves, and with due Obedience 
 and Zeal for the Kings Service. 
 
 The Major General desires the utmost Alert- 
 ness & Dispatch in all the different Movements 
 of the Army, and particularly upon coming to 
 fresh Ground, and in a Campaign such as this, 
 that Officers act, from their own lights, and not 
 tediously wait for fresh Intelligence, and new 
 Orders, in Matters which should go on from 
 day to day ; & it is to be observed that all Orders 
 and Regulations are to be considered as Standing 
 Orders, unless contradicted. He hopes no Offi- 
 cer during the present critical Situation of the 
 Army be ever out of Camp unless upon Duty, & 
 that they will every morning, as soon as it is 
 light, reconnoitre, and become perfectly ac- 
 quainted with the Ground all round their own 
 Camp, and also as it bears towards any other of 
 the Army. 
 
 The Major General does not wish to have it 
 supposed that he is dissatisfied with the Corps he 
 has the honor particularly to command, but they 
 cannot but be sensible that some things have 
 happened not quite to his satisfaction : he does 
 assure them that when they give him Cause to 
 Interest himself for their Credit and Honor, he 
 will do it with indefatigable Zeal, and the most 
 Cordial Friendship. 
 
Hadden's Orderly Books, 309 
 
 All orders to be most Carefully read to the 
 men every day, and the particulars explained to 
 them by an Officer. 
 
 \ By Major General Phillips. 
 
 Skeenesborough, 18 July. 
 
 A Captain's Guard to mount with the Colors 
 of the eldest Regiment tomorrow morning upon 
 the Congress with the Indian Nation. 
 
 It is Maj'r Gen'l Phillips most positive orders, 
 that the Officers are in a particular manner at- 
 tentive in the examination of Ammunition Carts 
 upon a March, and whatever they find loaded in 
 any of them, which is not a part of Artillery 
 Proportion, it is to be taken out and burn'd, and 
 the offisnder punished on the spot by the sen- 
 tence of a Field Court Martial. 
 
 The Men are to carry their Knapsacks, Haver- 
 sacks and Blankets as is usual with the Troops ; 
 their Tents and Poles will be put into Country 
 Carts appointed for that use. The General and 
 his Major of Brigade will also inspect the Line 
 of March, and should any Officer (which can 
 scarce be imagined) be neglectful of his Duty in 
 these instances, he must expect without distinc- 
 tion to his Rank, to be brought to a Public ex- 
 amination. 
 
310 Maddens Orderly Books. 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 
 Brigade Orders. Fort George, August 4th, 1777. 
 
 Captain Carter is appointed Commissary of 
 Horses to the Royal Artillery : Lieutenants Dun- 
 bar and Rimington are to act as Assistant Commis- 
 saries till further Orders ; Lieutenant Dunbar to 
 have charge of the Brigades attached to the 
 Wings of the Army and to the advanced Corps 
 and German Reserve ; Lieutenant Rimington i/^ to 
 have charge of the Brigades of the Park and all 
 the Trains attending of it. 
 
 ■ , ^ 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 Brigade Orders. Fort Edvi^ard, August 7th, 1777. 
 Major General Phillips signifies to the Com- 
 
 gl. Samuel Rimington, enlisted as a captivity he was promoted to a first 
 private in the Royal Artillery in January, lieutenancy, his commission bearing date 
 1757} and attcr t'uurteen years service July 7, «779. He became a captain- 
 was commissioned as a 2d lieutenant lieutenant Dec. i, 1782, and a captain 
 March 5, 1771, in the First Battalion March 24, 1791, his being No. 8 Corn- 
 then in America. He belonged to the pany, 4th Battalion, now " E " Battery, 
 artillery detachment that served in Canada ist Brigade. He became a major in the 
 in 1776, and under Burgoyne in 1777. army March i, 1794; and a lieut.- 
 Aug. 4, 1777, by order ct Gen. Phillips, colonel therein Jan. i, 1798; a major 
 he was appointed Assistant Commissary in the artillery July 13, 1799; and a 
 of Horses to the Royal Artillery, nnd had lieut. -colonel Nov. 12, 1800. He was 
 charge of" tlie brit,ade8 of the Park of transferred to the Invalid Battdlion Feb. 
 Artillery and all the trains attached tu it. 10, 1802. He became a colonel in the 
 On the march of the army after crossing army April 25, 1808, and a major- 
 the Hudson, he was attached to the general June 4, 181 1; and he waa 
 artillery of the Right Division. He wa» placed on major-general's pay June 25, 
 included in the Saratoga Convention and 1814. He became a lieut.-general July 
 remained a prisoner until Sept. 3, 1781, 19, 1821, and he died in January, 1826, 
 when he was exchanged ; after which he leaving issue. [G. U: C. Z. 261: 
 lerved in New York. During his K. J. 64: £. Z : ,B. H : D. P. 113.] 
 
HadderCs Orderly Books, 3 r i 
 
 manding Officers of Brigades, that he has reason 
 to suppose that the Ammunition and Canadian Carts 
 breaking down have been owing to their being 
 overloaded, whereas the proportion of Ammuni- 
 tion and Stores for each does not amount to more 
 than 800 Weighty a calculation which they will 
 very well bear ; the overplus weight must there- 
 fore have been Baggage, or some other improper 
 Loading ; and the Commanding Officers of 
 Brigades must be sensible that nothing ought to 
 be loaded upon Artillery Carriages, but such 
 Stores as absolutely belong to the Service : it is 
 the Major General's most positive Orders that 
 the Officers are in a particular manner attentive 
 in the Examination of the Ammunition Carts 
 upon a March, and whatever they find loaded in 
 any of them, which is not a part of the Artillery 
 proportion it is to be taken out, a fire to be 
 made, and such Baggage or Luggage is to be 
 immediately burned ; and in order to prevent 
 intirely any infraction of this order, the Officers 
 are to make this inspection of Ammunition 
 Carts very frequently in a Day's March, and 
 whatever Non Commissioned Officer, Soldier, or 
 Artificer, shall be detected in having put any- 
 thing in an Ammunition Cart or Waggon, he is 
 to be tried upon the Spot by a Field Regimental 
 Court Martial, when it is not doubted but the 
 most severe punishment will be inflicted ; and 
 
312 Hadden^s Orderly Books, 
 
 the Major General does, in the most positive 
 and direct manner, make the Commissioned Offi- 
 cers of Brigades and the other Officers answerable 
 for strict Observance and due Obedience to this 
 Order, that the King's Service may not suffer or 
 be retarded from any motive of private Con- 
 venience, contrary to every Custom, and every 
 strict Rule of Discipline and of Service. 
 
 The Men are to carry their Knapsacks, Haver- 
 sacks, and Blankets as is usual with the Troops, 
 but thfir Tents, Poles &c. are to be carried for 
 them in Country Carts, a proportion of which is 
 fixed to each Brigade. 
 
 Orders are given to the Major of Brigade to 
 visit the Artillery on their March, and to report 
 whether these regulations are adhered to, and 
 the Major General will himself inspect the 
 Order of the March, and if he finds any disobe- 
 dience to this most serious, necessary and positive 
 Order, he will, if a Non Commissioned Officer, 
 or Soldier, order him to be punished on the 
 Spot ; if it should unfortunately happen (which 
 can scarce be imagined) that an Officer should 
 be in any Shape neglectful of his Duty in these 
 Instances, he must expect without distinction to 
 Person or Rank, to be brought to a public Ex- 
 amination. 
 
H addends Orderly Books. 313 
 
 G. O, August 1 8M, I jjy. ^'« 
 
 // having been a practice for Officers to order to 
 be taken from the Provision Train in the Service of 
 the King for this Army^ the Carts and Horses for 
 carrying Baggage and other purposes^ by which the 
 Transport of Provisions has been destroyed, the 
 Carts broken, and the Horses destroyed ; to avoid 
 for the future these dangerous inconveniences for the 
 Service, 9"' it is in the most positive manner ordered, 
 that no Carts or Horses are to be used but for the 
 public Transports of the Army, nor are any to be 
 employed without the knowledge of the Com- 
 missary and assistant Commissary of Horse, and 
 of the Waggon Master to the Army, and these 
 Officers are on no account to suffer any of the 
 Provisions and Train to be used for any other 
 purpose but in the Transport of Provisions, Bat- 
 
 gm. In Burgoyne's Orderly Book this " It having been a practice for officers 
 
 order has, over the date, as the place to order to be taken from the Provision 
 
 where it was issued, " Camp at Duer's Train in the service of the King," — are 
 
 House." It also has preceding the to be found in the manuscript Burgoyne's 
 
 body of the text as given above, — Orderly Book. The remainder of so much 
 
 " Parole St. Louis. of the order as is contained in the printed 
 
 Countersign, Paris. Burgoyne's Orderly Book, has been 
 
 " Field Officer British Picquet, Lieut.- copied, without acknowledgment, from 
 
 Colo. Hill." " A Supplement to the State of the 
 
 The printed Burgoyne's Orderly Book Expedition " 
 contains only as much of the above order 
 
 as is in Italics. Of the parts in Burgoyne's gn. In " A Supplement to the State 
 
 Orderly Book only the following words, of the Expedition," and therefore in the 
 
 viz. — printed Burgoyne's Orderly Book, for 
 
 "CampatDuer's House, i8fh Aug., 1777. ^^^ words — "these dangerous incon- 
 
 " Parole, St. Louis. veniences for the service," — as found in 
 
 Countersign, Paris. Hadden's Orderly Books, is printed, — 
 
 "Field Officer British Picquet, Lieut.- "this danger and inconvenience to the 
 
 Col'o. Kill." service." 
 
314- HadderCs Orderly Books, 
 
 teaux, or public Stores, without the immediate 
 order of his Excellency the Lieutenant General, 
 the Quarter Master General, or his Assistants ; 
 nor is any Officer being accidentally Commanding 
 Officer at any Post, to interfere with the Provision 
 Train in any other manner than to give it every 
 Aid and Assistance 9^ which he is on all occasions 
 to do. 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 General Orders. OP August 1 9M, i J'J'J. 
 
 Major General Phillips has heard with the 
 utmost astonishment, that notwithstanding his 
 most serious and positive Orders of the i6th 
 Instant, ()<l that no Carts should be used for 
 any purpose whatever, but the Transport of 
 Provisions, unless by particular Orders from the 
 Commander in Chief, &c. &c. as expressed in 
 
 go. In " A Supplement to the State 
 of the Expedition," and therefore in the 
 printed Burgoyne's Orderly Book, 
 the words, — "in his power," — follow 
 — •' every aid and assistance," — and pre- 
 cede, — " which he is on all occasions to 
 do." 
 
 gf. This order was probably issued 
 at Fort Edward, as in the order of 
 August 17th in Burgoyne's Orderly 
 Book, issued at Camp at Duer's House, 
 this clause occurs: — "The 47th Regi- 
 ment is to march tomorrow morning to 
 Fort Edward, where they will receive 
 Orders from Major General Phillips." 
 
 No order for August 19th, is contained 
 in Burgoyne's Orderly Book, but the 
 following explanation of the omission is 
 given : — " [Orders of the 19th missing 
 in the MS. at Head Quarters.]" 
 
 In the MS. referred to, at Head 
 Quarters, two or three piges have been 
 torn out, 
 
 gq. It would seem as if this date was 
 a mistake, and should read the i8th, 
 and refer to the next preceding order, 
 which was probably issued by Major 
 General Phillips in the temporary absence 
 of the lieut,- general, as well as this order 
 of the 19th. 
 
Hadden's Orderly Books, 315 
 
 the Order, there are this day about thirty Carts 
 on the Road loaden with Baggage, said to be the 
 Lieutenant General's. 
 
 Major General Phillips being perfectly ac- 
 quainted with his Excellency's Sentiments upon 
 this subject, that he would on no account suffer 
 his private conveniency to interfere with the 
 public Transports of Provisions, to the great 
 amount of it, if true, as it has been reported, is 
 sure his Excellency will mark the strongest re- 
 sentment at this very indecent disobedience of 
 General Orders. 
 
 The Major General orders the Commanding 
 Officer at Fort George to make a most strict 
 report how this could possibly have happened 
 after the Orders had been given out to send the 
 Name or Names of Persons, who ordered these 
 Carts to take Baggage, and unless it is an Order 
 of some superior to the Commanding Officer at 
 Fort George he ought not to have suffered such 
 a Transaction. 
 
 The Report to be made immediately and these 
 General Orders to be given out directly, as a 
 strong reproof to those who have been guilty of 
 this shocking neglect to the public Service ; and 
 to mark that the General Officers of this Army 
 do not mean to countenance such Conduct. 
 
3i6 Haddens Orderly Books. 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 „Q September 7th, 1777. 
 
 Bv Major General Phillips there is reason to 
 
 8UDP0se that the Park of Artillery does not get 
 
 ^General Orders of the Day. and that even 
 
 the Parole and Countersign .s not known m the 
 
 Camp of the Park. 
 
 This seems to be so very uncommon a neglect 
 that it must be owing to some P""^"'"^,""^ ' 
 which Major Williams w.ll pomt out. that it 
 
 may be remedied. 
 
 The dangerous consequences of a want of 
 Orders are to'o plain to "eedexp am.ng When- 
 ever the Adjutant cannot go for Orders, a iNon 
 cor^missionid Officer should be sent to the 
 Major of Brigade for them. 
 
 By Major General Phillips. 
 
 Brigade Orders. 
 
 Sara Toga, September 14th, 1777. 
 
 To all Brigades of Artillery there are certain 
 proportbns o^f Powder and Stores allotted that 
 ircase any Division is detach'd, it -^y dways 
 have with it every necessary material for the 
 service- and the Waggons, Carts, and Horses 
 Sing to such pro^rtions of Stores, are to be 
 
Haddens Orderly Books, 317 
 
 under the immediate care of the Conductor of 
 Horses belonging to such Brigade to which they 
 are allotted : the remaining Waggons and Carts 
 containing Powder, Entrenching Tools, and 
 other various Stores, is usually called the Reserve 
 of the Park, is to be drawn up in the rear of the 
 Brigade of Artillery, is to have a Conductor of 
 Horses for its service, and has attached to it such 
 Clerks of Stores, Conductors and Artificers as do 
 not immediately belong to the Brigades. 
 
 When all the Park division are together, they 
 form one Brigade, and the Line of March should 
 not be intermixed with any Carts or Waggons 
 containing any other Stores than the Ammuni- 
 tion : the Baggage, Powder, Entrenching Tools, 
 and Waggons belonging to the several Divisions 
 are to fall into the rear immediately after the 
 Guns and Ammunition. 
 
 Captain Carter's Brigade of the Artillery of 
 the Park under Major Williams is to be formed 
 into three Divisions. — 
 
 A Right. Centre. Left. 
 
 The right and left Divisions to consist of the 1 2 
 and 6 Pounders as before. The Centre Division 
 to consist of the Howitzers and 24. Pounders : the 
 line of the Park is to be drawn up as before, the 
 two 24 Pounders being the Centre Pieces of the 
 Artillery. 
 
 I 
 
3 1 8 Hadden*s Orderly Books, 
 
 Line of March by the Right, 
 Right Division, j 2 Light 6 Pounders 
 
 2 Medium 12 do. 
 
 f I Royal Howitzer. 
 
 I I Eight Inch do. 
 Centre Division. -{ 2 24 Pounders. 
 
 I Eight Inch Howitzer. 
 I Royal Do. 
 
 Left Division, f 2 Medium 12 Pounders. 
 
 I 2 Light 6 Pounders. ' 
 
 The Ammunition Waggons and Carts belong- 
 ing to each nature of Artillery to follow im- 
 mediately after their proper Guns and Howitzers. 
 
 To follow immediately this Line of March. 
 
 Baggage Waggons of the Companies. 
 
 Spare Carriages. 
 
 Entrenching Tool Waggons. 
 
 Powder Waggons. 
 
 Conductors and Artificers Carts of the three 
 Divisions 
 
 I Forge Cart. ■''■ '\\, _ ^' ^ '''':''■ '':■/■'': 
 
 Surgeons and Mates Medicine Carts. 
 
 Major Williams* Baggage. 
 
HadderCs Orderly Books, 319 
 
 Captain Carter's do. 
 
 • Officers' do. 
 
 Baggage of the Civil Branch. 
 
 The Reserve Train. 
 
 Whenever the Artillery is ordered to march 
 without Baggage, there will nothing presume to 
 follow the line of March but the Artillery, its 
 Ammunition, spare Carriages, and Entrenching 
 Tools, and Surgeons and Medicine Carts, Carts 
 with Artificers Tools and Forge. 
 
 Major Williams' and Captain Carter's Com- 
 panies to furnish an equal proportion of Men for 
 the Centre Division : Subalterns for the Right 
 Division are Lieutenants Rimington and Cox ; 
 Left Division Lieutenants York and Davids : 
 Centre Division Lieutenants Houghton, Dysart 
 and Collier. 
 
 These Officers are on this day to make a 
 general Survey of the Ammunition Waggons and 
 Carts, to see that the Stores are all in order, and to 
 instruct the Noncommissioned Officers in what 
 manner they are to be got at when wanted ; the 
 Arms of the Guns as well as their Boxes and 
 Vents, are to be examined to see that no dirt be 
 lodged, or any obstacle to their service. 
 
 A general Exercise of the Detachment to be 
 on this day at the most convenient Hour, and 
 
320 Haddeti^s Orderly Books, 
 
 everything to be prepared for immediate Service 
 and Action, that Major Williams may report it 
 accordingly at Gun firing this Evening, in order 
 that the Major General may make his report to 
 the Commander in Chief. 
 
 Whatever men may be wanting to make up 
 the number of Eighteen to each piece of Artillery, 
 are to be given this day by the Detachment of 
 the 33rd Regiment. 
 
 Lieutenants Dysart and Collier to immediately 
 join the Park, and encamp with it till further 
 orders. 
 
 Captain Bloomfield, Major of Brigade, having 
 desired in the present want of Captains to do his 
 Duty in the Park, the Major General allows of 
 it, and he will be ordered to such parts of the 
 Artillery occasionally as may most require it : 
 he is therefore to make himself acquainted 
 with the Right and Centre Divisions, in order 
 that he may be posted to either of them when 
 ordered. Captain Hosmer will have such parts 
 of the Artillery as move with the Left Wing as 
 uspal. Captain Carter will inspect every part of 
 his Brigade. Major Williams will take his Post 
 and change it as he sees most for the good of the 
 Service. 
 
 The detached Brigades will take their orders 
 from the Generals with whom they immediately 
 serve, and report directly to the Major General. 
 
Hadden's Orderly Books. 321 
 
 [But little of" the following Order of October ist, 1777, is 
 printed in Burgoyne's Orderly Book, and the fragment given 
 therein ends with the announcement "[Two leaves missing from 
 the original manuscript]." The order therefore, as found in 
 Lieut. Hadden's Orderly Books, is produced in full. The part 
 in Italics is printed in Burgoyne's Orderly Book. — EditQr.'\ 
 
 By Lieutenant General Burgoyne. 
 
 G. O. October ist, 1777. 
 
 In consequence of authentic Letters received by 
 the Lieutenant General from Brigadier General 
 Powel at Ticonderoga^ and Captain Aubery v^ of 
 the \']th Regiment commanding at Diamond Island 
 in Lake George. 
 
 • gr. Thomas Aubrey belonged to a 
 very ancient family, and was the second 
 son of Sir Thomas Aubrey, Bart., by 
 his wife, Martha, eldest daughter of 
 Richard Carter, Esq , of Chilton, in 
 Buckinghamshire." He entered the 
 British army Oct. 26, 1762, as an ensign 
 in tile 9th Foot, and served in Florida. 
 March 27, 1765, he was promoted to a 
 lieutenancy in the 62d Foot, then at, or 
 about to embark for, the Caribbee Is- 
 lands, and May 17th, 1766, he ex- 
 changed into the 4th, or King's Own. 
 April 30, 1771, he became a captain in 
 the 47tli Foot, then in Ireland, and two 
 years later, he accompanied his regiment 
 to America, where he served through 
 the Revolutionary war.' He was under 
 Gage in 1775, and commanded a com- 
 pany of the 47th ai the battle of Bunker 
 Hill. 3 Sir William Howe sent the 47th 
 to Canada, in the spring of 1776, to re- 
 inforce Gen. Carleton, and Capt. Aubrey 
 
 4' 
 
 went with it, taking part in the expulsion 
 of the Americans from that province. 
 In 1777, he accompanied Burgoyne's 
 disastrous expedition, but escaped the 
 fate of the bul'. of that general's army, 
 as, when it crossed the Hudson, Sept. 
 13th and 14th, he, with two companies 
 of the 47th, was posted on Diamond 
 Island, about the centre of Lake George, 
 for the purpose of forwarding provisions 
 across the lake. Sept, 24th, the Amer- 
 icans attacked Capt. Aubrey's command, 
 but were repulsed with loss, greatly to 
 the captain's credit.* After Burgoyne's 
 surrender all the British posts between 
 Saratoga and Canada were hastily aban- 
 doned, and the troops withdrawn to the 
 latter province j in which Capt. 
 Aubrey served during the remainder of 
 the war. In the summer of 1778 he 
 was sent by Gen. Haldimand with the 
 three companies of the 47th regiment 
 remaining in Canada, a detachment of 
 
1. " 
 
 32 2 Hadden*s Orderly Books, - ' 
 
 The Army is informed that the Enemy having 
 found means to 'cross the Mountains between Skenes- 
 borough and I^ake George, and having marched 
 with another Corps from Hubbertown, a sudden 
 and general Attack was made in the morning of 
 the 1 8th upon the carrying Place at Lake George, 
 Sugar Hill, Ticonderoga, and Mount Independ- 
 ence. . 
 
 Sir John Johnson's corps, together with 
 a body of artificers under Lieut. Twiss, 
 of the Engineers, to establish a post at 
 the entrance of Laite Ontario ; of which 
 post Capt. Aubrey remained in command 
 for a long time. 5 Gen. Haldimand 
 wrote to Lord George Germaine as 
 follows ; 
 
 " Camp at Sorel, 14/A Oct., »778. 
 
 " My Lord I sent Mr. Twiss 
 
 of the Engineers with Capt. Aubrey and 
 three Go's remiining of the 47th Reg't 
 in Canada, a Detachment from Sir John 
 Johnson's Corps, together with a Body 
 of Artificers, to establish a Post at the 
 entrance of Lake Ontario, to serve the 
 purposes of a safe place for the Traders 
 to send tlieir goods to, which go from 
 Montreal in Boats, till the King's vessels, 
 now the only craft allowed to navigate 
 the Lakes, can be spared from the more 
 urgent services, to transport them to 
 Niagara, a secure harbor for these vessels, 
 and a defence against the enterprises of 
 the Rebels upon this province by that 
 great avenue into it. I also sent up 
 with the same party Lieut. Shanks of 
 the Navy (who has been employed upon 
 Lake Champlain) and is the Commis- 
 sioner of the Dock Yards, for the benefit 
 of his judgment with regard to the best 
 places for a Harbor, and with orders to 
 construct as soon as possible for that 
 Lake, a number of Gun Boats which are 
 uieful in so many respects. I sent him 
 
 also the Inspection and arrangement of 
 the King's vessels tliere. 
 
 " The Place pitched upon by these 
 Gentlemen, after having been carefully 
 examined, Cataraqui, is an Island about 
 12 miles below the entrance of Lake 
 Ontario, having Grande Isle on one side 
 from which it is divided by a Channel of 
 something less than a mile, and the 
 South Continent on the other at the 
 distance of one mile and a quarter from 
 it. 
 
 '• This Island had gone for some time 
 by the name of Deer Island having been 
 mistaken for that called by the French 
 Isle aux Chevrents which is found to be 
 higher up, and the name of Carleton's 
 Island is now given to this in question. 
 Very favorable ground for fortifying, 
 commanding a commodious and safe 
 Harbor which this Island possesses at 
 the upper end of it looking towards the 
 Lake, induced the Gentlemen sent on 
 this Service to fix upon this spot, where a 
 Fort is begun, and Barracks are building 
 for the Troops, and the place will be in 
 a tolerable state of defence, and Habita- 
 tions by the Winter, A Plan of which 
 shall be transmitted to your Lordship a« 
 soon as possible."* 
 
 Capt. Aubrey became a major in the 
 army June 7, 1782 ; and Feb. 28th, 1788, 
 he exchanged with Capt. John Irving 
 of the 73d Foot on half-pay, and he re- 
 mained on half-pay as a captain during 
 the rest of his life." Burgoyne'i Orderly 
 
Haddens Orderly Books. 323 
 
 The Enemy so far succeeded as to surprize the 
 armed Boat, stationed to defend the carrying 
 Place, as also the Posts on Sugar Hill and at the 
 Portage, where a considerable part of four Com- 
 panies of the 53rd Regiment were made Prisoners. 
 
 A Blockhouse commanded by Lieutenant 
 Lord '.f^ wai the only Post on that side that had 
 time to make use of their Arms, and they made 
 a brave Defence till Cannon (supposed to be 
 taken from the Surprize Vessel) was brought 
 against them. 
 
 After stating and lamenting so fatal a want of 
 Vigilance, the Lieutenant General has to con- 
 gratulate the Troops upon the Event which 
 followed. , ^ 
 
 Book errs in stating that he rose to the ['B. R. "B. H. ^E. J. 201. *G. V. 
 
 rank of colonel in the army, as his 174. SF. L. 96, 121. *F. H. 26. 7 A. 
 
 highest regimental rjnk was that of cap- N. 7, 10. ®B. R : I. X. 475.] 
 tain, and his highest army rank that of 
 
 major, there being but three majors above gs. Simeon Lord entered the British 
 him on the list at the time ot' his death." army July 14, 1762, as .1 lieutenant in 
 He was a lieut. colonel in the militia, the nth Foot, which was then serving 
 however, iiaving been an Inspecting Field in Germany. As he was an additional 
 Officer r'or the County of Bucks.' He officer he went upon half-pay at the 
 represented Wallingford in the i6th peace of 1763, but returned to active 
 Parliament, wliich met May 18, 1784, service April 25, 1766, as a lieutenant 
 and was .dissolved June 19, 1790.' in the 53d Foot. His regiment pro- 
 He died at his residence on Carmarthen ceedcd to Canada in the spring of 1776, 
 St., London, Jan. 15, 1814', leaving a and he took part in Burgoyne's campaign 
 daughter, Sophia Elizabeth, who, shortly in 1777. According to the text he be- 
 after her father's death, married Charles haved very creditably when the Americans 
 Spencer Ricketts, Esq., of Dorton House, endeavoured to break Burgoyne's corn- 
 Bucks, by whom she had issue.* Sir munications in September, though taken 
 John Aubrey, Bart., who was a lord of a prisoner. He was advanced to be 
 the Admiralty in 1782, and a lord of the capt. -lieutenant and captain, Oct. 8, 
 Treasury in 1783, and " father of the 1777, and his name appears in the Army 
 House of Commons " in 1826, was an Lists tor the last time in 1785. [B. H.} 
 older brother of the subject of this sketch.* ^ . ^^ 
 
324 Hadde7is Orderly Be h* 
 
 The Enemy having twice summoned Brigadier 
 General Powel, and received such answers as 
 became a gallant Officer intrusted with an im- 
 portant Post, and having tried, during the course 
 of four Days, several Attacks, and being repulsed 
 in all, retreated without having done any con- 
 siderable damage. 
 
 Brigadier General Powel gives great com- 
 mendations to the Regiment of Prince Frederic, 
 and the other Troops stationed on Mount Inde- 
 pendence. The Brigadier also mentions with 
 great applause the Behaviour of Captain Taylor i7« 
 of the 2ist Regiment, who commanded 100 
 men in the Fort of Ticonderoga, and that he 
 was well supported by Lieutenant Beacroft of 
 the 24th Regiment, who with the Artificers in 
 Arms, in the Half Moon Battery, prevented the 
 Enemy from surrounding the Fort. On the 24th 
 Instant the Rebels with the Gun Boats and Bat- 
 teaux which they had surprised at the carrying 
 
 gi. William Thomas Taylrr was he accunipanied his regiment to Canada 
 
 commissioned as a lieutenant in the 7 lit in the spring of 1776 we have been 
 
 Foot Oct. 18, 1761. This regiment unable to ascertain, as also what part he 
 
 was previously t-he 2d Battalion of the bore in Burgcyne's campaign further 
 
 32d Foot, and was reduced at the peace than as the order in the text attests hit 
 
 of 1763, when Lieut. Tayler went upon gallantry during the American attack on 
 
 half- pay, where he remained till Oct. Ticonderoga. This attack prevented 
 
 II, 1766 ; at which time he was com- his joining the main army, and he thus, 
 
 missioned a ist lieutenant in the 21st, fortunately for himself, escaped its un- 
 
 or Royal North British Fuzileers. The happy fate. May 19, 1780, he ex- 
 
 2i8t was in North America from 1766 changed into the 92d Foot, and his 
 
 to 1773 when it was ordered home, name appears in the Army Lists for the 
 
 Lieut. Tayler was promoted to be capt.- last time in 1783. [B. H : G. V. 17] : 
 
 lieutenant Feb. 26, 1773; but whether £. Z.] 
 
t 
 
 Hadden's Orderly Books, 325 
 
 Place at Lake George, attacked in two Divi- 
 sions, Diamond Island, where Captain Auberry 
 and a Detachment of the 47th Regiment were 
 posted with some Cannon and Gun Boats : the 
 Rebels were repulsed with great Loss, and pursued 
 by the Gun Boats to the East Shore, where the 
 principal Vessel and a Gun Boat were retaken, 
 together with all the Cannon, except two which 
 had burst; the Enemy, having had time to set 
 fire to the other Batteaux, retreated over the 
 Mountains. 
 
 [A considerable portion of the Order of October 3d, 1777, 
 as found in Lieut. Hadden's Orderly Books, being omitted in 
 Burgoyne's Orderly Book, only so much thereof from Hadden 
 as is not found in Burgoyne's Orderly Book is inserted, together 
 with the preceding and succeeding clauses to fix its position. 
 The Italics indicate yhat is in Burgoyne's Orderly Book. 
 Editor.'] 
 
 [By Lieutenant General Burgoyne.] 
 
 G. O. October 3rd, 1777. 
 
 There is reason to be assured that other powerful 
 Armies of the King are actually in co-operation 
 with these Troops^ and although the present supply 
 
326 Haddens Orderly Books, 
 
 of Provisiom is atnple^ it is highly desirable to be 
 preparedi for any continuance in the Field that the 
 Kings Service may require, without the delay of 
 bringing forward Jurther Stores, for these pur- 
 poses gu the ration of Bread or Flour is Jor the 
 present fxed at one Pound. 
 
 The Lieutenant General is confident he shall 
 meet with universal and cheerful Obedience to this 
 Order, and as a testimony of his Attention to the 
 Spirit and good wi)l of the Troops upon all 
 occasions, and confident of his Majesty's Grace 
 towards s ch merit, the Lieutenant General will 
 take upon himself to suspend the usual Stop- 
 pages during the Diminution of the ration, or 
 for one Month, and the Soldier will be ac- 
 counted with for his whole pay during that time, 
 the Stoppages then to take place again in their 
 usual Course. 
 
 With the same Confidence in the King's Grace, 
 the Lieutenant General has ventured to order the 
 Deputy Pay Master General to issue One Hundred 
 and Sixty five Days Forage Money to the Officers 
 
 of the Army. .</" 
 
 ' ' ' * . 
 
 gu. In Burgoyne's Orderly Book in- gv. In Burgoyne's Orderly Book the 
 ttead of a comma after storei, there is a next to the last word of this order is tAis, 
 semicolon after purposes ; and — for these instead of the, as in the text. 
 purposes — as in the text; it reads in 
 Burgoyne's Orderly Book — for those pur- 
 poses. ' ■• ' 
 
H add en's Orderly Books. 327 
 
 [By Lieutenant General Buigoyne. 
 
 G. O. Cambridge^ New England. 
 
 November 12M, 1777. 
 The great number of Soldiers that have been 
 permitted to flock to Town, has been productive 
 of many irregularities, and gives the public a 
 bad impression of the Discipline of the British 
 Troops. 
 
 During the present unsettled state of things, 
 there is to be a Field Officer of the Day, who is 
 to superintend the regularity of the Cantonment 
 in all respects, but particularly with regard to 
 the absence of men : no Soldier is to be allowed 
 to go out of the Barracks without a Pass signed 
 by the Field Officer of the Regiment he belongs 
 to, which Passes are to be granted only from 
 Eight to Three o'clock. 
 
 The Rolls are to be called four times a Day, 
 at the hours the Field Officer shall appoint, and 
 a report of all Absentees is to be made to him. 
 
 [By Lieutenant General Burgoyne.] 
 
 G. O. November i^th, ^777' 
 
 It has been reported to the Lieutenant General 
 that one or two Disputes have arisen between 
 
328 Haddens Orderly Books, 
 
 some Officers and the Provincials ; as this is so 
 entirely derogator to Order and good Disci- 
 pline, the Lieutenant General was in hopes he 
 should not have had occasion for any Complaint 
 of the kind, and Officers should consider that not 
 only the private reputation of every Individual 
 suffers by such conduct, but that the general 
 Good of the whole is endangered by the incon- 
 siderate behaviour of any who break the Rules 
 of Discretion. 
 
 ' The Lieutenant General relies on the Coni- 
 manding Officers of Corps to prevent all possi- 
 bility of any further Disputes, and should any 
 Officer in future be guilty of any irregularities 
 the strongest reprehension must be expected. 
 
 [By Lieutenant General Burgoyne 
 Q O. November i6M, iJJJ* 
 
 The Army is informed that all possible means 
 are employed to procure Blanketting, Mittens, 
 and such other necessaries as are essential to the 
 Health and Comfort of the Men during the 
 Winter. 
 
 The impossibility of procuring these Articles 
 at Boston, at any price, makes all Efforts pre- 
 carious and at best tedious. 
 
Haddens Orderly Books, 329 
 
 An equal diligence has been used by the 
 superior Officers of the Army to obtain a more 
 regular and more ample delivery of Wood, and 
 every favor and preference has been refused by 
 the Officers in general till Justice could be done 
 to the Private Men. 
 
 Under these circumstances where the whole 
 Army are fellow suffisrers, it is equally for the 
 Honor and Interest of the Service that there 
 should appear a general conformity of Patience 
 and Fortitude ; there is the greatest reason to 
 believe that the inconveniences the Army have 
 suffered (which in some cases have been una- 
 voidable) will happen no more. 
 
 The Lieutenant General is willing to believe 
 that some of the Men who have absented them- 
 selves from their Corps, have not meant finally 
 to desert, but have been induced to seek Shelter 
 from the present Hardships, by offering them- 
 selves to labor in the Country for a limited time. 
 
 It will be the duty of the Officers to warn 
 their men against so false a principle, and so 
 deceitful an expectation, as that they will be 
 permitted to return. 
 
 The Country now abounds with examples of 
 Soldiers with whom no faith has been kept in 
 point of Pay, and who receive but a very scanty 
 allowance of Provisions for very hard Labour. 
 42 
 
330 Hadden^ Orderly Boohs, 
 
 Soldiers will also be led to consider that to 
 abandon their Officers and Comrades in times of 
 Difficulty and Distress is to add to the Treason, 
 and Perjury of Desertion, the most unmanly and 
 ^^V<r/ deficiency of Spirit. 
 
 [By Lieutenant General Burgoyne.] 
 
 G. O. Cambridge, December ^th, 1777. . 
 
 It is now some days since Lieutenant General 
 Burgoyne had advice from Sir William Howe, 
 that Transports were preparing with all possi- 
 ble diligence in the Delaware, and at New 
 York, to proceed to the Port of Boston, and to 
 convey the Troops of this Army to Great Britain 
 in conformity to the Convention. 
 
 The Lieutenant General takes this occasion to 
 give the Troops the further satisfactory Intelli- 
 gence that their fellow Soldiers are continuing 
 the Campaign in the Southern Quarter, with 
 unremitting Spirit, and that in the midst of 
 Fatigue and Danger, and sometimes scarcity, 
 Desertion in that Army is almost unknown. 
 
 He leaves to the breast of every Soldier of the 
 Convention, to draw the dishonorable Compari- 
 son, and to consider what Answer can be given 
 to the King, and to the British Nation for the 
 
Haddens Orderly Books, 331 
 
 unprecedented Disgrace into which these Troops 
 are sinking. 
 
 The numbers of unmanly Cowards, who have 
 wanted Fortitude to endure some temporary in- 
 convenience in common with their Officers and 
 Comrades, are most justly punished in the treat- 
 ment they receive in the Country : instead of 
 Food, Clothing and Encouragement, they are 
 confined in Prisons, suspected and despised. 
 
 Such as have been drawn off from their Alle- 
 giance by delusive hope of finding high Pay or 
 Preferment in the Provincial Troops are equally 
 disappointed, it being a Law of the Continental 
 Congress, and it will be fully enforced by their 
 Commander in Chief, to reject all Deserters. 
 
 Let the wretches therefore, of both Classes 
 above described, be left to their fate with the 
 Ignominy upon their Memory their Conduct 
 deserves ; but let Officers reflect how much their 
 own Reputation is involved while this Evil con- 
 tinues. 
 
 The Attachment, Respect, and Confidence 
 which a proper Intercourse between the Officers 
 and Soldiers never fails to create and to support, 
 does not seem to exist ; and it is with great Con- 
 cern the Lieutenant General finds it necessary to 
 insist, with the Commanding Officers of Corps 
 that they establish the most precise and assiduous 
 Attention in the visiting and inspecting the 
 
332 Harden s Orderly Books. 
 
 Barracks and Messes of the Men, and in the 
 Enquiries into the Manner in which the men 
 pass their time when out of their sight. 
 
 For these purposes as many Officers as can 
 possibly be lodged in the Barracks without 
 danger to their Health, or very unusual Incon- 
 venience, must for the present constantly reside 
 there, and it is expected they will cheerfully 
 forego the prospect of any extension of Quarters 
 in Cambridge that could interfere with their 
 constant Attendance while the present exigency 
 of Duty and of Honor requires it. 
 
 The regimental inspecting Officers of Messes 
 are to take care that the proper proportion of 
 Garden Stuff is purchased of the proper Com- 
 missary, and nowhere else, for the respective 
 Messes, and in the proportion of three Days or 
 more at a time, that there may be no pretence 
 of Straggling from the Barracks for that purpose. 
 
 No Passes are to be granted to private Men 
 upon any Account soever, but should any par- 
 ticular regimental Purposes require Messengers 
 to be sent to Cambridge, a return of the number 
 is be given to the Field Officer Commanding, at 
 Eight o'clock every morning, and he is to order 
 the whole to be assembled and marched regularly 
 by a Commissioned Officer, with Non-Commis- 
 sioned Officers in proportion, and the Com- 
 
Hadden's Orderly Books, 333 
 
 manding Officer is to be responsible for taking 
 back the whole before Two in the Afternoon. 
 
 All Officers are required to make Prisoner 
 every man they meet with, absent from the 
 Barracks, to whatever Regiment he may belong, 
 and if they cannot conveniently do so, they are 
 at least to take his name in writing, and send a 
 report to his Regiment, that he may be brought 
 to Punishment for disobedience of Orders. 
 
 Any man that is seen conversing with any con- 
 tinental Soldier, or drinking or otherwise keeping 
 Company with any people of the Country, is to 
 be treated in the same manner for disobedience 
 of Orders. 
 
 The Soldiers of the Grenadier Company of 
 the 29th Regiment having represented that they 
 have not been regularly accounted with since the 
 24th April last, notwithstanding dutiful repre- 
 sentation made to the Lieutenant commanding 
 the Company, and Major, Lord Balcarres O"' 
 
 gtv. Alexander Lindsay, the 6th Earl his tutelage the future earl embarked in 
 
 of Balcarres, came from an old and dis- the Aeolus frigate for Gibraltar. He 
 
 tinguished Scotch lineage. He was born obtained a two years leave of absence and 
 
 Jan. i8, 1751, and was the eldest son of went to Germany and studied at the Uni- 
 
 James, the 5th Earl of Balcarres in the versity of Gottingen. On his return he 
 
 peerage of Scotland, by his wife Anne, purchased a company in the 42d, or 
 
 daughter of Sir Robert Dalrymple, of Royal Highland Regiment, his captain's 
 
 Castleton, Knt. ; succeeding his father in commission bearing date Jan. 28th, 1771 ; 
 
 the earldom in 1768. He entered the and with this corps he remained attached 
 
 army July 15th, 1767, as an ensign in for five years, commanding the grenadiers, 
 
 the 55th Foot, then under the command Dec. 9th, 1775, he was appointed, by 
 
 of Lieutenant-Colonel John Liijdsay, a purchase, major of the 53d Foot, then 
 
 warm friend of the family ; and under stationed in Ireland j and the next spring 
 
334 H add en's Orderly Books. 
 
 having upon enquiry into the fact, confirmed the 
 truth of the Representation, the Pay-Master 
 
 he accompanied his regiment to Canada, 
 where on the 12th ot" June, 1776, Sir 
 Guy Carleton appointed him to the com- 
 mand of the light infantry. He aided 
 in expelling the Americans from Canada 
 in 1776, taking part in the battle of 
 Trois Rivieres, and in 1777 he com- 
 manded the light infantry in Fraser's 
 Brigade on Burgoyne's Expedition. 
 
 At the battle of Hubbardton, in which 
 he bore a conspicuous part, he was slightly 
 wounded in the left thigh, but he had a 
 most narrow escape, as thirteen balls 
 passed through his clothes, the lock of 
 his fusil was shot off and the barrel 
 doubled together. 
 
 Lord Balcarres took an active part in 
 the engagement at Freeman's Farm, Sept. 
 19th, and at Bemus' Heights, Oct. 7th, 
 where he and his command were hotly 
 engaged. Lord Lindsay, in his Lives of 
 the Lindsays, gives the following account 
 of the earl's conduct in the latter action. 
 " The army being in a most dangerous 
 situation he fortified his battalion, with- 
 out any orders, in a very strong mannir, 
 giving injunctions to his men thjt, in 
 great probability, their lives would depend 
 upon their diligence in completing that 
 small work. The very day it was finished 
 the army marched to attack the enemy's 
 works and were most completely defeated. 
 • Gen Frazer at the head of six battalions 
 was killed, and the rout was universal. 
 In thi situation did the command de- 
 volve on Lord Balcarres, who having 
 gained his own little work, brought his 
 light infantry about, and received their 
 whole army j and although repeatedly 
 stormed, and all the neighboring works 
 taken, they had the good fortune to re- 
 pulse them finally, and by this success 
 the British army was saved on that day." 
 On Gen. Fraser's receiving a mortal 
 wound in this action the Earl of Balcarres 
 
 succeeded to his brigade, and to his regi- 
 mental position as lieut. -colonel of the 
 24th Foot, his lordship's commission 
 bearing date Oct. 8, 1777. 
 
 He was included in Purgoyne's capitu- 
 lation, and was sent to New York as an 
 exchanged prisoner, but finding that a 
 general exdiange of the whole army was 
 not perfected, as he had expected, he 
 would not accept his liberty, " at the 
 expense," as he expressed it in his letter 
 to the authorities, "of the pleasure I feel 
 in sharing the unhappy fate of the regi- 
 ment I have the honor to command." 
 He therefore went to Cambridge where 
 Burgoyne's troops were then quartered. 
 •'My regiment," wrote Lord Balcarres at 
 this time to his sisters, " is my family, — 
 you can all do without me. The rebels 
 give me leave to go home if I please, but 
 1 will not accept a favour in which all 
 my officers cannot equally benefit, so I 
 will remain with them." Lord Balcarres 
 must have modified his views, however, 
 as he arrived in London on his parole of 
 honor Feb. 8, 1779, and later in that 
 year he testified before the House of 
 Commons in regard to the unfoitunatt 
 expedition in which he had borne him- 
 self so gallantly. 
 
 June I, 1780, he married hit cousin 
 german, Elizabeth, only daughter by a 
 second marriage, and heiress, of Charles 
 Ualrymple, Esq., of North Berwick, by 
 whom he acquired considerable estate. 
 His lordship had already succeeded one 
 Gen. Simon Fraser; now, he was des- 
 tined to succeed another. O i the death 
 of Lieut. Gen. Simon Fraser (son of Lord 
 Lovat of '45 tragic memory) the 7i8t 
 Regt., or Fraser's Highlanders, consisting 
 of two battalions, was formed into two 
 distinct regiments, the 7i$t, and the 2d 
 71st, and Lord Balcarres was appointed 
 lieutenant-colonel commandant of the 
 
Haddens Orderly Books, 335 
 
 General is ordered to furnish such Sums as shall 
 put that Company upon a footing with the rest 
 
 second yut, Feb. 13, 1782. He received 
 the rank of colonel in tiie army, and a 
 special commission to command in Jersey, 
 Nov. 20, 1782, and he was for one year 
 charged with the correspondence and com- 
 munications with the armies of /a y^ndee 
 and lei CAouans, in the absence of Marshal 
 Conway, the governor. He was first 
 elected one of the sixteen representative 
 peers for Scotland for the parliament that 
 met March 25, 1784; and he was re- 
 elected for every parliament during the 
 remainder of his life, with the exception 
 of the 1 8th parliament from May, 1796 
 to August, 1802. 
 
 He became the colonel of the 63d Foot, 
 Aug. 27, 1789, which position he held 
 until his death; and he was advanced to 
 the rank of major-general Oct. 12, 1793. 
 He continued on the staff at Jersey until 
 Oct. 20, 1794, when he was removed to 
 command the forces at Jamaica, being 
 also placed at the head of the civil ad- 
 ministration as lieutenant-governor ; and 
 he likewise had a general military super- 
 intendence over the St. Domingo districts 
 nearest to him. In the spring of 1795 
 the earl, accompanied by his brother 
 Colin, then Gen. J •..i.'.say, embarked for 
 his ni,w government in the West Indies. 
 
 Lord Lindsay thus sums up his kins- 
 man's West India career : — " Lord Bil- 
 carres' able conduct and indefatigable 
 exertions in suppressing the Maroon re- 
 bellion which broke out almost im- 
 mediately after his arrival in Jamaica 
 (exertions to which the empire owed the 
 lives of every white in the island and the 
 preservation of seventy millions of British 
 capital), were acknowledged by a vote of 
 seven hundred guineas for the purchase 
 of a sword, to be presented to him in 
 token of the gratitude of the colony. In 
 acknowledg'.ng it he congratulated the 
 Assembly that ' during their contest with 
 
 an enemy the most ferocious that ever 
 disgraced the annals of history — an army 
 of savages, who had indiscriminately 
 massacred every prisoner whom the fate 
 of war had placed in their power — no 
 barbarity, nor a single act of retaliation, 
 had sullied the brightness of their arms.' 
 He resigned the government in 180 1, 
 after having held it for nearly seven years, 
 during which, waging an incessant war. 
 fare against French revolutionary aggres- 
 sion, and with internal difficulties to 
 contend with enough to have disheartened 
 any one less confident in his own re- 
 sources, he saved Jamaica a second time, 
 and on quitting the island, was followed 
 to his home by the blessings of thousands, 
 whose children still revere his memory." 
 The Earl of Balcarres became a lieut.- 
 general Jan. i, 1798, and a general 
 Sept. 25, 1803. His West Indian 
 career was his last active professional 
 duty, as an accident, by which he was 
 lamed for life, incapacitated him from fur- 
 ther military service. He resided until 
 his death, at Haigh Hall, in Lancashire, 
 his wife's inheritance from the ancient 
 knightly family of Bradshaigh, devoting 
 himself to the improvement of that prop- 
 erty, then in a lamentable state of dilap- 
 idation, ' the mansion house being in 
 ruins, the furniture sold, pursuant to the 
 will of the last possessor, the mines of 
 coal and cannel forsaken, the lands un- 
 drained, and every farm house and fence 
 in the last stage of decay.' He lost his 
 countess Aug. 10, 18 16, and he him- 
 self died at Haigh Hall March 27th, 
 1825, aged 73. By his wife he had 
 four sons and two daughters. His eldest 
 son succeeded to the earldom, and like- 
 wise acquired the earldom of Crawford, 
 so that the title became Earl of Craw- 
 ford and Balcarres ; and soon after his 
 accession he was created a British peer 
 
33^^ 
 
 H add en's Orderly Books. 
 
 of the Army, and the Accounts of the Company 
 are to be immediately stated for the inspection 
 of Lord Balcarres who will afterwards make his 
 report. 
 
 No reprimand is given upon this Occasion, as 
 
 by the title of Baron Wigan. 
 
 The Earl of Balcarres was by no means 
 the least distinguished of that brilliant as- 
 semblage of officers that accompanied 
 Burgoyne on his American campaign. 
 In regard to the earl's character this is 
 the testimony of his mother, written 
 during his lordship's early years. " He 
 has without dispute the happiest and 
 most contented temper in the world, — 
 at the same time bold as a lion, and 
 ambitious — never letting slip an opportu- 
 nity of raising his family; but when his 
 efforts fail of success, his natural good 
 temper reconciles him at once to the 
 failure, <>iid makes him find resources of 
 pleasure at home that obliterates it from 
 his mind." His brother Colin, after- 
 wards General Lindsay, who also served 
 in America, wrote from Philadelphia, in 
 Feb., 1778, to the earl, then in captiv- 
 ity, in this wise. — " You leave me no 
 ••"'>m to wish you anything in your pres- 
 1; situatiun, since you must possess the 
 h» . rtfelt satisfaction of having discharged 
 yoir duty to your country in a conspicu- 
 ous and trying situation as completely as 
 the most rigid virtue could exact, and I 
 bnast the honour to be your brother," etc. 
 
 On more than one occasion during his 
 t arly life Lord Balcarres had reason to be 
 much displeased with the ministry which 
 employed him, and he made no secret of 
 it. An exclamation of Pitt's during a 
 consultation at a moment of great embar- 
 rassment, proves the estimation in which 
 that statesman held his generous loyalty. 
 *'BaIcarre8 was out of humour with us 
 when in prosperity, but staunch when 
 
 we were in danger — that is the man ! " 
 Thio confidence was justified by Lord 
 Balcarres going up from Scotland on 
 crutches with a shattered leg, to support 
 the government in his place in parlia- 
 ment during the crisis in question. The 
 following anecdote, which is character- 
 istic, whether true or not, is to be found 
 in Stuart's Three Years in North Amer- 
 ica, vol. I, p. 462. ''General Arnold, 
 resided in England after the war but was 
 treated at various times in a way, not 
 likely to lead others to imitate his trea- 
 sonable conduct. He was with the 
 king one day when Lord Balcarres, who 
 fought under General Burgoyne in the 
 Saratoga campaign, was presented. The 
 king introduced them. 'What Sire!' 
 said the Eari, drawing up his form and 
 retreating, ' the traitor Arnold ?' The 
 consequence was a challenge from Ar- 
 nold. Th:y met, and it was arranged 
 that the parties should fire by signal. 
 Arnold fired, and Lord Balcarres, turn- 
 ing on his heel, was walking away, when 
 Arnold exclaimed, ' Why dont you fire, 
 my Lord ?' ' Sir, said Lord Balcarres, 
 looking over his shoulder, ' 1 leave you 
 to the executioner ! ' " 
 
 Finally, the earl sums up his own 
 career in these words. " The efforts of 
 my life, both in my public and private 
 pursuits, have been successful ; we have 
 once more reared our heads j a hand- 
 some competence has again fallen to our 
 lot, — and praised be the Author of all 
 good for it!" [B. R : D. K : B. H.: 
 
 F. E. 8 : B. N : A. O., 140 et post: 
 
 G. Z: H. K. 134.] 
 
Hadden^s Orderly Books, 337 
 
 Lieutenant Steele's 9^ wounds and ill Health for 
 a long time prevented his attention to this Duty, 
 but for the future it is to be understood as a stand- 
 ing Order in all such Cases, with the Payment 
 as well as every other direction of the Company 
 devolves upon the senior Officer present. 
 
 The limits of the Parole having been shown 
 to the Quarter Masters of Regiments by the 
 Assistant Quarter Master General, it is under- 
 stood that every Officer will make himself a 
 thorough Master of the Extent. 
 
 G. O. 
 
 December 24M, 1777. 
 
 It has been alleged that some Prisoners of 
 War have found their way to the Barracks, and 
 remain with the Troops of the Convention, if so, 
 it is an unwarrantable proceeding, and conse- 
 quently supposed to be without the knowledge 
 of the Officers. 
 
 gx. Thomas Steele was cum missioned 
 June ai, 1769, as an ensign in the 29th 
 Foo'. then in America, and was pro- 
 moted to a lieutenancy Nov. 3, 1773. 
 His regiment returned home in I774> 
 and two years later went to Canada. 
 He was in the grenadier company of the 
 a9th, and hence accompanied Burgoyne 
 on his expedition, as only the .ight com- 
 panies of hii regiment went on that 
 campaign. He was wounded at the 
 
 43 
 
 battle of Hubbardton July 7, 1777 ; and 
 after his captain, Lord Petersham, was 
 detached as an aid to Burgoyne, he com- 
 manded the company. He served 
 throughout Burgoyne's campaign, and 
 was included in that officer's surrender, 
 his name being attached to the Cam- 
 bridge Parole. He appears in the Army 
 Lists for the last time in 1784. [B. 
 H : G. v. 174 : E. Z.] 
 
338 HadderCs Orderly Books, 
 
 The strictest Enquiry therefore is to be imme- 
 diately made, and if any Prisoners of War are 
 with the Troops, their names are to be reported 
 to the General in order to their being delivered to 
 the Commissary of Prisoners, and any Prisoners 
 of War having Permits to come to the Barracks, 
 are to be informed that they must return before 
 the expiration of their leave to the place they 
 came from. 
 
 [By Lieutenant General Burgoyne.] 
 
 G. ( January I othy iyy2,JW . 
 
 Among the Disputes and Frays, which have 
 lately prevailed, the Lieutenant General observes 
 
 gy. This order was issued by Gen. 
 Burgoyne, and was occasioned by a lettei 
 he received from Gen. Heath, the Amer- 
 ican commander at Cambridge. The 
 original draft of the letter in Heath's 
 handwriting, is in the collection of Dr. 
 Thomas Addis Emmet, of New York, 
 and reads as follows : 
 
 "Sir: 
 
 "It 
 
 inform 
 
 ♦' Head Quarters, Boston, 
 "Jan'y ^th 1778., 
 
 is with no Small Concern that I 
 your Excellency of the abusive 
 behaviour of the British Soldiery towards 
 the Guards and Sentrys at Prospect Hill, 
 which has for Some Time been Increasing, 
 and has at length arrived to a height no 
 longer to be born. Sentrys have been 
 repeatedly Insulted on their Posts and at 
 Some Times Beat, and Disarmed, (this 
 I must Confess reflects Dishonor on 
 themselves for a Sentry is never to allow 
 
 himself to be Insulted or abused) Prison- 
 ers have been frequently rescued from the 
 Guard, and the behaviour of the Soldiery 
 mutinous and Disorderly in the Extreme, 
 of which there was a most Singular In- 
 stance the night before last, a number of 
 the Rioters are Sent on Board the Prison 
 Ship. As your Excellency Informed Me 
 Soon after your arrival that you would 
 do all in your Power to preserve order 
 among the Troops I must Call upon you 
 Sir, to Exert yourself for that purpose, 
 for if the Present Disorderly behaviour of 
 so many of the Soldiery Continues, the 
 Consequences will be Serious for the 
 Guards and Sentrys shall no longer be 
 Insulted — a most Scandalous Practise 
 of Counterfeiting Passes has lately been 
 Detected, — I must desire you would En- 
 quire into the matter, or the Innocent 
 will, unavoida'jly, suffer Inconvenience — 
 a Sentry was knocked Down the night 
 before last and his Fire lock Carried off. 
 
HaddetCs Orderly Books. 339 
 
 with infinite Concern, there are too many im- 
 putable to the Indiscretion of our own Troops; 
 of this, the Attacks upon the Provincial Sentries, 
 and the forging of Passes, are particularly glaring. 
 Upon the Principles of Rectitude and Discipline, 
 our own Officers should be the first to detect and 
 punish Offences of this sort, and they will more- 
 over consider how greatly, by such examples, 
 they would strengthen their claims whenever it 
 is their part to demand redress of Injuries. 
 
 The Lieutenant General makes known to the 
 Troops that he is using every possible means to 
 bring to justice the Provincial Officer who 
 wounded two men of the 9th Regiment on 
 Thursday last, and they may ever depend upon 
 his Efforts to vindicate the Rights of British 
 Soldiers, and their Allies ; but he cannot too 
 often call to their reflection, that circumstances 
 grow daily more critical and alarming, and the 
 times require the most minute circumspection of 
 conduct on their part. 
 
 In order to give further effect to these Injunc- 
 
 I expect that effectual Measures will be are at some Distance. I have ordered 
 
 taken for the return of the Firelock Im- him again to Complete thenf being ai 
 
 mediately. I must desire your attention anxious as your Excellency fur their ad- 
 
 into these matters. justment. 
 
 " I have this moment received your " I am 
 
 favor of yesterday, I have repeatedly " Your Excellency'i 
 
 Directed the Commissary to state his " most obt. servt." 
 
 acco'ts, he has been Endeavouring to Endorsed, " To Gen. Burgoyne relative 
 
 Complete them, but has been Delayed on to abuses offered to the Sentries Jan'y 
 
 •ccount of Some Bills in the Hands of 9, 1778." 
 Some of the Purchasers of Cattle who 
 
34-0 Hadden's Orderly Books, 
 
 tions the Lieutenant General requires an invaria- 
 ble Observance of the following Orders. 
 
 All Insults, Indecencies, or Improprieties 
 offered to Officers, by any Provincials whatsoever, 
 are in the present situation of things, to be 
 esteemed matters of public Grievance, and not to 
 be compromised or accommodated by any private 
 Decisions either of resentment or apology ; they 
 are therefore to be reported as soon as con- 
 veniently may be, to the Adjutant General, to- 
 gether with the Evidence that can prove the 
 Facts. 
 
 In order further to enforce Discipline and 
 Regularity, there are to be two general Parades 
 every week at which all Officers and Soldiers 
 are to attend: they will be at 12 o'clock at 
 noon on Sundays and Thursdays, the Weather 
 permitting, otherwise on the first following fair 
 day : these Parades are to be exclusive of the 
 Roll callings, and other Parades at present estab- 
 lished. 
 
 The Lieutenant General is informed that 
 Orders are given by General Heath to all Pro- 
 vincial Patroles and Guards, to make Prisoners 
 all Non-Commissioned Officers and Soldiers (ser- 
 vants not excepted) who shall be found out of 
 their own or their Master's Quarters between the 
 Hours of Sunset and Sunrise. 
 
Hadden's Orderly Books. 34.1 
 
 G- O. Pi 
 
 February jth, 1778. 
 
 the^Reld* Offi?'"^r-''"" ""''^ '° "»« General by 
 uie riejd Officer Commandino- af fJi,> r i 
 
 that a Soldier of the nth p . ^ ^^ /^^^ Barracks 
 
 gerousl, .ab;:I\t'tS^l;^'™a'„^"fr 
 provincia Guard William W.: J ?^ * '"* 
 
 Surgeons of the IVmy ire orl'dTn P""'^' 
 
 End of Orderly Books. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 NO. 1. 
 
 Maj. Gen. William Phillips. 
 
 William Phillips was connected with the Royal Regiment of 
 Artillery throughout his military career. Aug. ist, 1746, he 
 entered the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich, when a 
 mere boy, as a gentleman cadet, and he was commissioned a 
 lieutenant Hreworker in the Artillery January 2d, 1747. He 
 was quarter-master of the First Battalion April ist, 1750, his 
 successor having been appointed June i, 1756. He became a 
 2d lieutenant March ist, 1755, and a ist lieutenant April ist, 
 1756.' Capt. Duncan tells us that Phillips when a ist lieutenant 
 was appointed to the command of a company of Miners, raised 
 in 1756, for duty in Minorca, but which was no longer required 
 after the capitulation of Port Mahon. Instead of disbanding 
 it, however, the Board of Ordnance converted it into a 
 company of artillery, and added it to the regiment. Greatly 
 to the indignation of the officers of a corps, whose promotion 
 then, as now, was by seniority, Lieut. Phillips was transferred 
 with the company, as a captain, without having passed through 
 the intermediate grade of captain-lieutenant*, his captain's com- 
 mission bearing date May 12th, 1756.' 
 
34-4 Appendix No. i. 
 
 Capt. Phillips commanded the three companies of the 
 Royal Artillery present at the battle of Minden, August ist, 
 1759, where he gained much distinction ; Prince Ferdinand 
 particularizing him in General Orders issued t:he day after the 
 battle thanking the army for its gallantry. Subsequently, as a 
 further proof of his appreciation, the prince directed a gratuity 
 of one thousand crowns to be presented to him. At Warberg, 
 on the 30th of July, 1760, Capt. Phillips gained great credit by 
 the rapidity with which he brought the artillery into action and 
 the efficiency with which he handled it. He commanded No. 
 5 Company of the ist Battalion, which, after a long and glorious 
 service, became, on July 1st, 1859, " 7 " Battery, 14th Brigade. 
 January ist, i860, it was rechristened and became *' 4 " Bat- 
 tery, 13th Brigade, and such it still remains.' 
 
 After the war Capt. Phillips was stationed at the regimental 
 headquarters at Woolwich, and he was the first to originate a 
 band in the Royal Artillery — not a permanent one, however, 
 as the existing band dates only as far back as 177 f« when the 
 4th Battalion was formed, and with it the nucleus of what has 
 developed into one of the best military bands in the world." 
 Capt. Phillips became a lieut. -colonel in the army August 15th, 
 1760 ; lieut. -governor of Windsor in 1768 ; a colonel in the 
 army May 25, 1772 ; and a major-general in America only, 
 January 1st, 1776.' He was likewise a member of the parlia- 
 ment which met November 29th, 1774, and was dissolved July 
 8th, 1780, being one of the two members from Boroughbridge.* 
 
 Having received an appointment on the American staff he 
 embarked with Gen. Burgoyne on the man-of-war Blonde for 
 Quebec, where he arrived the latter part of May, 1776. Gen. 
 
Appendix No. i. 345 
 
 Phillips had command at St. John's from July to December, 
 1776, when he was transferred to Montreal'; and the following 
 letter from him to Gen. Riedesel, in Dr. Thomas Addis 
 Emmet's collection, affords us a pleasant glimpse of some of 
 the festivities that helped to while away the winter. 
 
 '* Montreal, January the ^th, 1777. 
 " My dear General : 
 
 " There will be a publick Ball given on the 13th instant in 
 honour of her Majesty's Birth day. It would add very con- 
 siderably to the pleasure and honour of the day if you were to 
 be present. — I dare not presume to expect you will take so 
 long a journey but should you be enclined I shall be very 
 happy — I set out on the 15th for Quebec to attend the com- 
 mands of our Commander, — 
 
 " I hope you are perfectly well and am, 
 
 *' My dear General, with most sincere respect 
 and regard, 
 
 " Your faithfull Servant, 
 
 "W. Phillips. 
 "Major General Redesel." 
 
 In the spring of 1777, Sir Guy Carleton appointed him 
 second in command to Burgoyne, in the following appreciative 
 letter. 
 
 " HEAOqUARTERS, QuEBEC, 
 
 " Sth Jpril, lyjj. 
 
 " Sir : My dispatches from the Secretary of State inform me 
 that it is His Majesty's pleasure I should remain in Canada } 
 
 44 / 
 
346 Appendix No. i. 
 
 and that I should detach Lieut.-Gen. Burgoyne with a certain 
 part of the army, which is so particularly detailed that nothing 
 is left to me but the seeing these commands put into execution, 
 and, in the case of the death or illness of Gen. Burgoyne, the 
 naming of his successor. As it is my intention to provide 
 everything for this detachment with the same care and attention 
 to the good of the service as if I was to command it myself, I 
 shall propose that you accompany Gen. Burgoyne, and doubt 
 not he will be happy in the thought of having such able 
 assistance, while I can only express my sorrow at not having 
 it in my power to testify to you, by a greater mark, the high 
 sense I entertain of the zeal and activity with which you have 
 constantly executed the orders which occasions have required 
 my giving you, as well as of the obligations I am under to you 
 for the great trouble which you have so cheerfully taken upon 
 you in the management of our public works, which by your 
 diligence I have the satisfaction of finding in such forward- 
 ness as that the expedition under Gen. Burgoyne will be able 
 to proceed without delay."' 
 
 Gen. Burgoyne bore testimony to Gen. Phillips* zeal in 
 preparing for the then approaching campaign of 1777, in this 
 wise, in a letter to Lord George Germaine. '*It is a duty in 
 this place," wrote Burgoyne, *^ to do some justice to the zeal 
 and activity of Major General Phillips . . . , and having men- 
 tioned that most valuable officer, I trust it cannoj be thought a 
 digression to add, that it is to his judicious arrangements and 
 indefatigable pains during the general superintendency of prep- 
 aration, which Sir Guy Carleton entrusted to him in the 
 winter and spring, that the service is indebted for its present 
 forwardness. The prevalence of contrary winds and other 
 
Appendix No. i. 347 
 
 accidents having rendered it impossible for any necessaries 
 prepared in England for the opening of the campaign, yet to 
 reach the camp."' 
 
 As second in command to Burgoyne, in 1777, General 
 Phillips bore a prominent part ; and his skill and energy as an 
 artillery officer are illustrated by his locating a battery on Sugar 
 Loaf Hill, despite the natural obstacles, and thus commanding 
 Fort Ticonderoga and forcing its evacuation without a battle. 
 ** Major-General Phillips," wrote Burgoyne after the battle of 
 Freeman's Farm, September 19th, 1777, '* upon first hearing 
 the firing found his way through a difficult part of the woods to 
 the scene of action, and brought up with him Major Williams 
 and four pieces of artillery, and from that moment I stood in- 
 debted to that gallant and judicious second, for incessant and 
 most material services, particularly for restoring the action in a 
 point which was critically pressed by a great superiority of fire, 
 and to which he led up the 20th regiment at the utmost personal 
 hazard."' Referring to the gloomy period after the battle of 
 Bemus* Heights, October 7th, 1777, when the doom of the 
 British army seemed well nigh sealed, the Lieutenant General 
 says : — ** It is a justice to Major General Phillips, to inform 
 your Lordship, that when the crisis of our situation at Saratoga 
 arrived, he very handsomely offered to hazard his person by 
 making a circuit through the woods, and attempt to throw him- 
 self into Ticonderoga, to defend that place, should it be the 
 object of the enemy to endeavour the retaking it."* During 
 the year 1777, this officer was promoted to be a major in the 
 artillery, April 25th, and a major-general in the armv, August 
 2qth.*.» 
 
348 Appendix No, 1 . 
 
 After Burgoyne's return to England, in the spring of 1778, 
 the command of the convention troops devolved upon General 
 Phillips, and two letters (in the editor's possession), written at 
 this time, one from General Heath, the American commander, 
 to Phillips, and the other from Phillips to Heath, show General 
 Phillips' attention to duty, and give us glimpses of the character 
 of the man. Heath's letter is as follows. 
 
 " Hbad Quarters, Boston, 
 « April 19/A, 1778. 
 ♦»Sir: Your favour of the 17th & i8th Came safe to 
 hand, and should have been sooner answered had it been 
 in my Power, no one can be more Inclined to preserve good 
 humour & good order than I am and I am fully satisfied with 
 your Intentions to promote them also. The appointment of 
 Major Brown to act as Town Major was not designed to 
 give umbrage, it was rather a Temporary appointment by 
 necessity, Capt. Lyman being Called upon to Joyn his Corps, 
 no abuses offered to the officers will be Countenanced by me 
 but will ever meet with rebuke & Punishment. However in 
 Justice to Major Brown I must say thatjl have ever found him 
 ambitious to do his Duty, and to Deserve the character of a 
 good officer. His former situation and some other Circum- 
 stances may have rendered him disagreeable to the officers, and 
 I shall give the matter a proper Consideration. 
 
 «' The matter Complained of in your last Letter I hope is 
 redressed. It was occasioned by the arrival of a Colo. Armand, 
 and a number of French officers of his Corps from the South- 
 ward, one of whom I believe opened a Rendezvous at Water- 
 
Appendix No. i. 349 
 
 town. But I Immediately broke it up and strictly forbid the 
 Colo. Inlisting either German or British Troops of the Con- 
 vention or Prisoners or Deserters. But the Arts and Decep- 
 tions made use of by your People, by .dressing themselves in 
 uilors & peasants habit and by the most solemn Protestations 
 of having no Connections with the army are Constantly Im- 
 posing upon the recruiting officers, to their great Embarrassment. 
 " I am Sir 
 
 " Your Ob't Serv't 
 
 " W. HiATH. 
 
 " M. Gbn'l Phillips." 
 
 The next letter is from Phillips to Heath, and is as follows. 
 
 "Cambridge, 2ix/ Junt^ 177S. 
 
 " Sir : I have received your letter upon the Subject of 
 Accompts, dated from Boston June 20th, 1778. Mr. Leonard 
 the British Commissary from Rhode Island in delivering to me 
 the certified and signed Accompts of Mr. Richardson your 
 Commissary General, made no mention of any further Pay- 
 ment than what is expressed in that signed Accompt and it was 
 impossible for me to conceive that any further charge remained. 
 But I am willing, Sir, to have it examined, and Mr. Commissary 
 General Clarke shall, whenever you will please to permit it, 
 meet any Person from you, in order to know what this new 
 charge may be, and report it to me : And the Amount being 
 finally settled, Mr. Clarke shall have Authority from me to 
 receive the Ballance from you. 
 
 ** In the agreement made between you and Major General 
 Pigot, or in that made by your aid-de-camp and Commissary 
 
350 Appendix No. i. 
 
 General with Major Morrison, whereby a Deposit of a Sum of 
 Money was left in your hands to discharge the deficiencies in 
 the delivery of Provisions, it was stipulated that such Ballance 
 as might remain in favour of the British Government after the 
 Provisions were certified to be received, should be paid imme- 
 diately into my Hands. In this case I am no other way a Prin- 
 cipal than relates tc receiving the Money of the Deposit, and 
 as it was necessary I should Report upon it to General Pigot 
 the immediate demand of Payment need not appear extraor- 
 dinary. 
 
 " The Accounts of Supplies for the Troops of the Conven- 
 tion, for the last three Months, I have before informed you 
 should be liquidated as soon as possible after you please to send 
 them— and you may recollect, I oflPered some time since to send 
 with your permission, an officer directly to Sir Henry Clinton 
 with the Accounts to prevent delay— I apprehend you have had 
 no reason to complain of the correctness or willingness of Lieu- 
 tenant General Burgoyne in settling your Accounts— You may 
 depend on the same punctuality on my part. 
 
 "British Officers are and the British Government is ex- 
 tremely nice and pointed in what regards private Bargains or 
 publick Treaties — private Trust or Publick Faith. 
 
 " I am Sir, 
 " Your most obedient, humble Servant 
 
 " W. Phillips 
 
 ♦♦ Major General Heath." 
 
 Some of General Phillips' correspondence with General 
 Heath, however, as well as Ensign Anburey's testimony in his 
 Travels, reveal the disagreeable fact that the general possessed 
 
Appendix No. i. 351 
 
 a highly choleric temper. June 17, 1778, Lieutenant Richard 
 Brown of the 21st Regiment, in company with two women in 
 a chaise, attempted to drive past the line of American sentries ; 
 and though he knew it was against positive orders, and was 
 warned of the consequences of persisting, he, neverthelesa, 
 continued his efforts, and consequently was shot by the sentry 
 on duty, and died the same night ; whereupon General Phillips 
 addressed General Heath this letter. 
 
 " Cambridgt^ June 17, 1778. 
 
 " Murder and death has at length taken place. An officer 
 riding out from the barracks on Prospect Hill, has been shot by 
 an American centinel. I leave the horrors inciuent to that 
 bloody disposition, which has joined itself to rebellion in these 
 Colonies, to the feelings of all Europe. I do not ask for 
 justice, for I believe every principle of it is fled from this 
 Province. 
 
 *^ I demand liberty to send an officer to Gen. Sir Henry 
 Clinton, by way of the head-quarters of Gen. Washington, 
 with my report of this murder. 
 
 " W. Phillips, Maj. Gen. . 
 
 " Maj. Gen. Heath." 
 
 The next day, Phillips thus wrote to Heath in regard to 
 the body of the deceased lieutenant : — *' If it is to be allowed 
 Christian burial, I would wish to deposit it in the vault ap- 
 propriated for strangers, in the Protestant church at Cam- 
 bridge. '*' * * As I am totally ignorant to whom it may 
 be necessary to apply for leave to open the church, it obliges 
 me to give you this trouble ; and I hope, if permission is 
 
352 Appendix No, i. 
 
 granted, that it may be done so fully, as will prevent the 
 sanguinary people of this country from insulting and treating 
 with indignity the dead body of the unfortunate officer, who, 
 in their rage, revengeful tempers, and barbarity, they have put 
 CO death." 
 
 General Heath took exception to this language as reflecting 
 upon the honor and dignity of the United States, and con- 
 fined Phillips to the limits of his house, gardens and yard, and 
 to the direct road from his quarters to the quarters of the troops 
 of the convention on Prospect and Winter Hills ; " expecting 
 from you," wrote Heath to him, " a parole, for propriety of 
 conduct within those limits ; which if you refuse, I shall be 
 under the necessity of ordering you to narrower limits, until 
 I can obtain the pleasure of the Honorable the Congress 
 touching the matter, to whom I shall transmit your letter, and 
 crave their directions." 
 
 General Phillips refused to sign the parole, and General 
 Heath, in his Memoirs, after detailing the correspondence, thus 
 gives the sequel of the affair : ** The whole of the foregoing 
 correspondence was published by order of Congress ; and our 
 General was informed that it was left for him to conduct to- 
 wards the British General, as to the continuance of his arrest, 
 as he might judge the honour of the United States required. 
 Gen. Phillips continuing to exhibit the same temper, or it 
 rather growing upon him, he was continued in his arrest, un- 
 til the troops of the Convention were ordered to be removed 
 to Charlotteville in Virginia."*" 
 
 The relations of Gen. Phillips with Gen. Heath were not 
 characteristic of those of all the generals of the Convention 
 
Appendix No, i. 353 
 
 troops with the American commander, as indicated by the 
 following letter from the collection of Dr. Thomas Addis 
 Emmet. 
 
 "Cambridge, May i^th^ 1778. 
 
 "Sir. 
 
 "Major Hopkins, Dept. Quar. Mast'r General, has informed 
 me, that you intended doing me the Honor of a visit at Cam- 
 bridge. Give me leave to assure you that I shall be very happy 
 in seeing you at my House, and beg that you will favor me 
 with your Company at Dinner, on any Day which you will be 
 so good as to fix. 
 
 " I have the Honor to be with Esteem 
 
 « Sir, 
 " Your most obed't 
 
 " humble Serv't 
 
 " RiEDESEL. 
 
 " The Hon'ble 
 
 "Maj. Gen'l Heath, 
 
 " Boston." 
 
 General Phillips appeared to better advantage in captivity in 
 Virginia than he did in Massachusetts. Burgoyne's troops 
 were quartered only a few miles from Monticello, the home 
 of Thomas Jefferson, and the relations between him and 
 them were highly courteous. They had not been settled 
 there many months before the governor, Patrick Henry, was 
 urged to have them moved to some other part of the country, 
 on the plea that the provisions they consumed were necessary 
 for the American troops ; and the order for removal was about 
 45 
 
354 Appendix No, i. 
 
 to be issued when prevented by the earnest protest of Jeffer- 
 son ; which interest in their behalf called forth the warmest 
 expressions of gratitude from the British and German officers. 
 
 The hospitalities of her house were gracefully and cordially 
 tendered to these unfortunate strangers by Mrs Jeffrrson ; 
 and her husband threw open his library to them whence they 
 got books to while away the tedium of their captivity. When 
 General Phillips wrote his thanks to Jefferson for his generous 
 kindness, we find the latter replying as follows : " The great 
 cause which divides our countries is not to be decided by in- 
 dividual animosities. The harmony of private societies cannot 
 weaken national efforts. To contribute by neighbourly inter- 
 course and attention to make others happy, is the shortest 
 and surest way of being happy ourselves. As these sentiments 
 seem to have directed your conduct, we should be as unwise 
 as illiberal, were we not to preserve the same temper of mind." 
 The pleasant reciprocity of courtesies is also shown by a little 
 note that has come down to us, addressed by Phillips to Jefl^er- 
 son, August 12, 1779. *'The British officers," says the 
 writer, '* intend to perform a play next Saturday at the 
 Barracks. I shall be extremely happy to have the honor to 
 attend you and Mrs. Jefferson in my Box at the Theatre should 
 you or that lady be inclined to go."" 
 
 General Phillips was allowed to go to New York and reside 
 on parole, in November, '779, nearly a year before his ex- 
 change"; and he received his last promotion, that of lieutenant- 
 colonel in the Artillery, July 6th, 1780.'.' He was finally ex- 
 changed for General Lincoln, then recently captured by the 
 British at Charleston \ and he wrote from New York under 
 
Appendix No, i. 355 
 
 date of October 31st, >7^o, to Lord George Germaine as 
 follows : ^^ Major General de Riedesel and myself were ex- 
 changed on the 25th Instant, as you will perceive, my Lord, 
 by the inclosed Copies of the Certificates of our Exchanges. 
 The Commander in Chief has been pleased to put me in 
 Orders to serve with this Army. 
 
 ** Sir Henry Clinton having directed me to transmit to your 
 Lordship a Report of the present Transaction relative to 
 Exchanies, I take great Pleasure in having the Honor of com- 
 municating it to your Lordship: This Gratification arises as 
 well from my own personal Feelings individually upon this 
 happy Occasion, as from the general Satisfaction a Completion 
 of this humane Business must diffuse in the Minds of those of 
 his Majesty's Officers who will be released from their 
 Captivity. 
 
 "Sir Henry Clinton has judged proper to direct, that the 
 Troops of Convention be still considered as under my Orders ; 
 and that all Reports concerning their Situation should be sent 
 to me, in order to be laid before his Excellency as usual. I 
 take the Liberty of inclosing a Copy of Sir Henry Clinton's 
 Letter to me, containing his Commands upon this Subject : 
 I shall continue to pursue their Interests and Welfare with the 
 same unwearied Zeal I have ever done. 
 
 ti 
 
 I beg Leave to repeat to you, my Lord, the high and 
 grateful Sense I entertain of the many Favours conferred by 
 your Lordship' upon me and the Troops of Convention. The 
 kind Protection and Solicitude your Lordship has constantly 
 manifested, both to me personally, and to those Troops in 
 general, Claim our best Acknowledgments and warmest Thanks. 
 
356 Appendix No. i. 
 
 t( 
 
 entreat you will, my Lord, represent me to the King 
 under the most perfect Attachment to his Royal Person and 
 Government, as one whose Heart is replete with Gratitude 
 for his Majesty's most gracious Expressions of Approbation of 
 my Conduct, and entirely devoted to his Majesty's Service."'^ 
 
 It is evident that the writer of this letter shared none of the 
 bitterness of his former chief against the British ministry. 
 Indeed, the testimony of Phillips and that of Burgoyne, in 
 regard to the government's treatment of the Convention 
 officers, seem to be of a diametrically opposite character. 
 
 The German General Riedesel wrote from New York, 
 under date of November lO, 1780, a? follows: — "General 
 Phillips, after his exchange^ was placed in command of the 
 grenadiers, the light infantry and the 42d British regiment. 
 This is the elite corps of the army. He is full of joy," &c.'« 
 
 Campbell, in his History of Virginia (p. 169) in writing of 
 Phillips, says, ^' he was an accomplished and able officer, but 
 proud and passionate Exasperated by a tedious cap- 
 tivity, upon his exchange he had been indulged by Sir Henry 
 Clinton in a desire to invade Virginia and wreak his vengeance 
 on a province where he had been so long detained, (unjustly, 
 as he not without some reason believed,) a prisoner of war." 
 He sailed for Virginia with about 2000 men, March 20th, 1781, 
 ciFected a junction at Portsmouth with General Benedict 
 Arnold, then wearing a British uniform, March 27th, and 
 being the ranking officer at once assumed command of the 
 combined force. He ^left Portsmouth, April iSth, marched 
 via Burwell's Ferry to Williamsburg, thence to Barrett's 
 ferry near the Chickahominy, and embarked for City Point, 
 
Appendix No, i. 357 
 
 whence he was to proceed by land to Petersburg and effect a 
 junction with Lord Cornwallis, who was marching northward. 
 General Phillips met with no substantial resistance and easily 
 carried out his plans, committing great ravages and destroying 
 much property on his route. Lieut. -Colonel Simcoe in his 
 Journal details these operations ; and General Phillips' orders 
 show great observance of drill and discipline. Colonel Simcoe 
 says that, at Barrett's Ferry, " General Phillips gave out the 
 strictest orders to prevent privateers, the bane and disgrace of 
 the country which employs them, from preceding the fleet, 
 and being found upon any rivers marauding or plundering."'^ 
 
 Arnold, who remained with Pnillips as second in command, 
 wrote to Sir Henry Clinton from Petersburg, under date of 
 May 12, 1 781, as follows : — "I am extremely sorry to inform 
 your Excellency that Major-Gener.il Phillips is reduced so low 
 by a Fever, which seized him on the 2d instant, that he is 
 incapable of Business, and the Physicians are not without Fears 
 for his safety." On the 2d of May, the British army was at 
 Bermuda Hundreds opposite City Point. Arnold gives a detail 
 of each days's proceedings, and says, under date of May 8th, 
 *' Remained at Brandon. Major General Phillips being very 
 ill, and unable to travel on Horseback, a Post-Chaise was pro- 
 cured for him." Towards the close of his letter Arnold 
 adds : *' Major-General Phillips is so weak and low, that it 
 will be some considerable Time before he can go through the 
 Fatigue of Business.'"' 
 
 We have often wondered with what feelings Phillips 
 regarded Arnold on the Virginia expedition, as during the 
 former's last previous active service he had been directly 
 
358 Appendix No, 1. 
 
 opposed to the latter ; and to Arnold, perhaps, as much as to 
 any other one man, Phillips owed his captivity. Though 
 American sources of information as to this feeling should be 
 received with very great distrust, yet the following from a 
 letter written by Charles Thomson, Secretary of the Con- 
 tinental Congress, to John Jay, while minister at Madrid, 
 dated Philadelphia, July 11,1781, possesses in a manner and 
 to a limited extent, some probability. The writer says, in The 
 Thomson Papers, to be found in the New York Historical 
 Society's Publication Fund Scries, vol. xi, p, 49, — "Clinton, 
 flattered with the success his arms had met with in Virginia, 
 and sensible how much weight the eclat of invading that state 
 would give to the measures of administration in England at the 
 openin2 of the new Parliament, sent Major General Phillips 
 with large reinforcements to take the command. If we may 
 credit reports, the two Generals were not very agreeable to 
 each other. Arnold now saw that he lost the opportunity of 
 enriching himself by plunder and the emoluments of command. 
 And Phillips held in the utmost Contempt the abilities and 
 character of the traitor. Thty continued some time together 
 and advanced from Portsmouth to Petersburgh, where Phillips 
 was suddenly taken ill and in two or three days expired. 
 Various reports were circulated respecting his death, some 
 attributing it to a fever, others to poison administered by 
 Arnold, on whom by this event the command again devolved. 
 However that might be, it is pretty certain that no good 
 understanding now subsisted between Arnold & his troops. 
 The officers who came with Phillips, and especially those of 
 his family, bore with reluctance the command of Arnold ; and 
 it is not improbable that this might have proved very advanta- 
 
Appendix No. i. 359 
 
 geous to us, had not Cornwallis in that critical moment come 
 up and assumed the command." 
 
 General Phillips made his headquarters in Petersburg at the 
 residence of Mrs. Boiling, called Bollingbrook, where he died 
 May 1 3. '7 Lafayette appeared on the heights opposite 
 Petersburg, May loth, and cannonaded the British quarters. 
 The British General Graham, then captain-lieutenant of the 
 76th Highlanders, which formed a part of Phillips' force, says 
 Lafayette directed "his fire principally against Mrs. Boland's 
 house in which the general lay dangerously ill. A cannon ball 
 passed through his bed chamber, but no further damage was 
 done than killing a black woman, a slave of Mrs. Boland's."*' 
 Campbell, in his History of Virginia, states that General 
 Phillips' quarters were so exposed during this cannonading that 
 he was removed into the cellar for safety. He lies buried in 
 the old Blandford church-yard in Petersburg. 
 
 The character of General Phillips, from the American 
 stand-point, is not altogether flattering. The relations between 
 him and Thomas JetFcrson, we have seen, were very cordial 
 and polite while the former was a prisoner, but their oflicial 
 relations, when Phillips came to invade Virginia, were of a far 
 different character, as shown by a letter from Jefferson, then 
 Governor of the Commonwealth, to the Virginia delegates in 
 Congress, dated May loth, 1781, in which he charged Phillips 
 with " rudeness ;" and, fioni his personal knowledge, styled 
 the British general " the proudest man of the proudest nation 
 on earth." Governor Jefferson concluded his letter in regard 
 to Phillips with this sentence : — " I would further observe to 
 you, that this gentleman's letters to the Baron Steuben tir^t, 
 and afterwards to the Marquis Fayette, have been in a style so 
 
360 Appendix No, i. 
 
 intolerably insolent and haughty, that both these gentlemen 
 have been obliged to inform him that if he thinks proper to 
 address them again in the same spirit, all intercourse shall 
 be discontinued. '"9 
 
 In pleasant contrast with the above is the following incident 
 told by ' jen. (then Captain-Lieutenant) Graham, in regard to 
 General Phillips during his Virginia expedition. *' While a 
 British column," says Graham, '* was crossing a road which ran 
 into the main one, two carriages, each with four horses and out- 
 riders, happened to come in contact with it ; a gentleman 
 jumped out of the leading carriage, and, mounting an outrider's 
 horse, dashed into the woods ; a shot or two were fired after 
 him by the troops, but he escaped. A lady remained in the 
 carriage, seemingly much agitated. The carriages were detained 
 until the arrival of the General. When the General came up 
 he immediately recognized the lady, having become acquainted 
 with her when detained as a prisoner of war on parole in this 
 part of the country. On asking her who the gentleman was, 
 she replied : ' He is my husband ; we are just married.' The 
 General said : ' It was foolish in him to run the risk he did by 
 trying to escape, for it was not possible that he could long do so.' 
 ' And if you get him,' she said, 'what will be done to him ?' 
 * Madam,' said the General, 'he shall be sent immediately back 
 to you, that you may enjoy the honeymoon.' As soon as the 
 column had passed, the carriages were allowed to proceed, not 
 a horse being touched, although our artillery horses had not 
 recovered from the effects of the sea-voyage."*" 
 
 Whatever may be the American view of General Phillips * 
 character, the British estimate of it is very high. 
 
Appendix No, 2. 
 
 361 
 
 Captain Duncan, in his History of the Royal Artillery, calls 
 him " as brave and honourable a soldier as ever served in the 
 regiment ;" and thus concludes in regard to him : — " From the 
 glorious day at Minden his professional career of more than one 
 and twenty years had been one of credit to his corps, honour 
 to himself, and usefulness to his country. He had been thir- 
 teen years in the Regiment before the battle of Minden, so 
 that his total service when he died, exceeded thirty-four years. 
 He was beloved by all who served with him, and was a model 
 for artillerymen to imitate, in gallantry, ability, and progress.** 
 [•G. U. «C. Z. 207-214. 3B. H. *A. M. sF. C. 128. 
 «F. B. 470. 7B. N. app. 16. 8B. N. app. 48. 'B. N. app. 
 54. "F. P. P. 166, 169, 175, 176, 177 : H. J. 194. "K. B. 
 50,53: G. O. 154-162: L. 33. "K. N. 201. 'JH. N. 
 530. "^K. N. 208. 'sL. B. 129-146. '"H. O. 601. ''B. V. 
 •F. Y. 247. ''G. O. 221.] 
 
 NO. 2. • 
 
 Capt. Thomas Blomefield. 
 
 Thomas Blomefield was born at Milton, in Kent, June 16, 
 1744'; and was the only son of the Rev. Thomas Blomefield, 
 A. M., rector, as well as patron, of Hartley and Chalk, both in 
 Kent, and chaplain to the Earl of Dorset, by his second wife, 
 Mary, daughter of John Matthews, and widow of William 
 Branch.".' Being originally intended for the navy, young 
 Blomefield was sent to sea in the Cambridge, commanded by 
 46 
 
362 Appendix No, 2. 
 
 his father's intimate friend, Sir Piercy Brett ; hut the boy's own 
 inclination was towards the army, so his father procured his ad- 
 mission to the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich,' which 
 he entered as a gentleman cadet Feb. 9, 1758.* His conduct 
 and abilities there soon attracted the notice of the celebrated 
 Muller, then professor of Artillery and Fortification, who ever 
 after entertained for him a strong friendship and regard. 3 In the 
 unusually short period of less than eleven months he obtained 
 a commission in the ist Battalion of the Royal Artillery as a 
 lieutenant fire-worker, Jan. i, 1759; *.' and soon after, when 
 only fifteen years old, he was appointed to the command of a 
 bomb vessel at the bombardment of Havre de Grace under 
 Admiral Rodney. Subsequently in the same year he joined the 
 fleet in Quiberon Bay under Sir Edwanl Hawke, engaged in 
 blockading the French force under M. de Conflans.3 He was 
 promoted to a 2d lieutenancy in the Artillery Aug. i, 1762;* 
 •went the same year to the West Indies with Admiral Rodney, 
 and was at the capture of Martinique and the Havannah ; and 
 subsequently of Pensacola and Mobile.^ May 28, 1766, he 
 became a ist lieut. in the 2d Battalion,^ and in 1771 he was 
 fortunate enough to be introduced to the notice of Gen, Con- 
 way, then Master General of the Ordnance, who appointed Jjim 
 one of his aids, and received him into his family upon terms of 
 parental kindness. ^ Jan. 29, 1773, he was advanced to a cap- 
 tain-lieutenancy in the 3d Battalion,5 and upon Lord Towns- 
 hend's succeeding to be Master General, Blomefield became 
 an aid to that nobleman. In the spring of 1776 he em- 
 barked with his company for Canada, though his position as 
 aid-de-camp would, according to the established usages of the 
 army, have exempted him from the necessity of leaving Eng- 
 
Appendix No. 2. 363 
 
 land. June 3d, 1776, immediately upon his arrival in Canada, 
 he was appointed major of briu;ade to Major General Phillips.* 
 
 In a letter written about this time by him to a near relative 
 at home, he says : — " General Phillips took the earliest oppor- 
 tunity after my arrival of appointing me Major of Brigade, a 
 post exceedingly eligible in my situation, as it puts it in my 
 power to render myself useful, though at the expense of my 
 ease, which in my case I do not in the least regret ; for had that 
 been my object, I might have possibly remained at home. I 
 am happily attached to a very genteel, intelligent, active man, 
 and as every detail of the service passes through my inspection, 
 and my duty is my first and sole object in coming over, I am 
 rather to be envied than not ; for however captivating a town 
 life may be to many, I declare I feci greater pleasure in the 
 bustle of a camp than in the dull round in which I should have 
 been involved -, and which nothing but the society of those I 
 esteem could give a relish to." Upon his arrival in Canada he 
 was employed in constructing floating batteries which he had 
 planned before he left England. When the army went into 
 winter quarters he returned to England, bearing with him to 
 Lord Townshend, the Master General of the Ordnance, a 
 most flattering letter from Gen. Phillips, in which the writer 
 referred to the " great advantage derived from his " [Capt» 
 Bh.mefield's] " knowledge in his profession," and expressed 
 the hope that his Lordship would permit the captain to return 
 to Canada in the spring. "1 think," wrote Gen. Phillips, 
 '' his own honour is concerned in his doing so, but a still more 
 material reason may be given, that the King's service will 
 suffer by his absence. "3 
 
 Early in the spring of 1777 Capt. Blomefield again sailed to 
 Canada, taking with him a gun and carriage calculated for the 
 
364 Appendix No. 2. 
 
 double purpose of land and water service, and which he had 
 constructed during the winter at the particular desire of 
 Sir Guy Carleton and Gen. Burgoyne.3 He joined Bur- 
 goyne's army at Ticondcroga July 23,' and took an active part 
 in the campaign, acting as major of brigade to Gen. Phillips 
 until that officer issued his order of Sept. 14, 1777, of which the 
 following is an extract ;— " Capt. Blonjefield, Major of Brigade, 
 having desired in the present want of Captains to do his Duty 
 in the Park, the Major General allows of it, and he will be 
 ordered to such parts of the Artillery occasionally as may most 
 require it : he is therefore to make himself acquainted with the 
 Right and Centre Divisions in order that he may be posted to 
 either of them when ordered."^ At the battle of Bemus' 
 Heights, Oct. 7, Capt. Blomefield was wounded, and Sergeant 
 Lamb in his Journal of the American War thus writes : 
 "Captain Blomefield of the artillery, received a woup.d which 
 was very remarkable, a shut passing through both cheeks, 
 without hurting the inside of his mouth. "9 Notwithstanding 
 Sergeant Lamb sometimes acted as an assistant to the surgeons, 
 Madame Riedesel's account of Capt. Blomefield's wound is 
 much the most probable. She says in her Letters and Journals, 
 page 132, — "One day I undertook the care of Major 
 Plumpfield " [Blomefield], " adjutant of General Phillips, 
 through both of whose cheeks a small musket ball had passed, 
 shattering his teeth and grazing his tongue. He could hold 
 nothing whatever in his mouth. The matter from the wound 
 almost choked him, and he was unable to take any other 
 nourishment, except a little broth, or something liquid. We 
 had Rhine wine. I gave him a bottle of it, in hopes that the 
 acidity of the wine would cleanse his wound. He kept some 
 
Appendix No, 2. 365 
 
 continually in his mouth ; and that alone acted so beneficially 
 that he became cured, and I again acquired one more 
 friend." He was included in the Saratoga Convention and 
 signed the Cambridge Parole. In the spring of 1779 he 
 returned to England and resumed his duties as aid-de-camp to 
 Lord Townshend, who, in the following year, appointed him 
 Inspector of Artillery and or the Br?^ss Foundery,^ his com- 
 mission bearing date March 5, 1780.^ This position he held 
 during the remainder of his life, and to his efforts and ability 
 are due many and great improvements wrought in the construc- 
 tion of ordnance. 3 
 
 He became a captain in tl e Royal Artillery Jan. 19, 1780 ; 
 and until 1785, his was No. 8 Company, 1st Battalion, now 
 *' A " Battery, nth Brigade; after that he was transferred to 
 No. 3 Company, ist Battalion, now ** 7 " Battery, 2d Bri- 
 gade. "^ He became a major in the army March 19, 1783, in 
 the artillery Sept 25, 1793, a lieut colonel Dec 5, 1793, a 
 colonel in the army Jan. 26, 1797, in the artillery Nov. 12, 
 1800, and a major general Sept, 25, 1803. On the formation 
 of the 9th Battalion of the Royal Artillery Gen. Blomefield 
 was appointed its colonel commandant, his commission bearing 
 date June i, i8o6.5.« His last and most important service was 
 at the siege of Copenhagen in 1803, the command of the 
 artillery destined for that service, having been conferred on him 
 July 28ih in that year. For his share of the complete success 
 that crowned that expedition he received the thanks of both 
 Houses of Parliament and a baronetcy ; his creation as a baro- 
 net dating from Nov. 3, 1807." Burke, however, says the 
 date of his creation as a baronet was Nov. 14, 1807. He 
 attained the rank of lieut.-general July 25, 1810;' and he 
 
366 Appendix No. 2. 
 
 died after an illness of only three days at Shooter's Hill, in 
 Kent, Aug. 24, 1822, in the 79th year of his age.3 By his wife, 
 Elizabeth, whom he married July 27, 1788, and who was the 
 second daughter of the Right Hon. Sir John JEardley Wilmot, 
 Knt., Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, he left an only son, 
 who succeeded him in the baronetcy.' 
 
 Capt. Duncan's History of the Royal Artillery contains this 
 summing up of the character of Sir Thomas Blomefield : ** He 
 was a good mathematician, an excellent chemise, and most 
 laborious in experiments in gunnery. His private character is 
 thus described by one who knew him intimately : — * There 
 was no display of his merits shown in his manner ; all his 
 duties and improvements were silently and unassumingly 
 carried on, with a natural reserve and undeviating correctness, 
 so that it was only the close observer who could duly appre- 
 ciate his value. His being generally and greatly esteemed 
 arose as much from his being the perfect gentleman as from the 
 ingenuous turn of his mind, for there was no glare or obtrusive 
 view, but rather a strong desire to improve the service with as 
 litjle parade as possible'."" ['I Y. 834. »B R. sfi P. 370 
 <5 U. 5B. H. «F. E. 4. 'B N. 67. «E. Z. ^G. V. 180 
 ~C Z. 177, 174. "D A. 158-167.] 
 
Appendix No. 3. 367 
 
 NO. 3. 
 
 Lord Viscount Petersham, 
 The third Earl of Harrington. 
 Lord Petersham, achieved a brilliant career. Among the 
 dignities, honors and offices he held at the time of his death, 
 were the following : — third Earl of Harrington, Viscount 
 Petersham and Baron Harrington; a Knight Grand Cross of 
 the Illustrious Guelphic Order ; a Knight Grand Cross of 
 the Bath ; a Privy Councillor of England and Ireland ; a 
 General in the army ; Colonel of the First Regiment of Life 
 Guards ; Captain, Governor and Constable of Windsor 
 Castle ; a member of the Consolidated Board of General 
 Officers ; a Commissioner of the Royal Military College', 
 &c., &c. 
 
 Charles Stanhope sprung from a distinguished line. He 
 was a kinsman of the celebrated Philip Dormer Stanhope, 3d 
 Earl of Chesterfield, having been descended from a half-brother 
 of the first earl. His grandfather, the first Earl of Harrington, 
 was a general in the army, and held many important civil and 
 military positions, having been entrusted with several embassies 
 to different courts, and having been Lord President of the 
 Council. His father was likewise a general in the army, and 
 both f^ither and grandfather were colonels of the 2d Troop of 
 Horse Grenadier Guards. He was the eldest son of William 
 Stanhope, 2d Earl of Harrington, by his wife, Caroline Fitzroy, 
 eldest daughter of the 2d Duke of Grafton, and was born 
 
368 Appendix No. 3. 
 
 March 17, 1753. On his mother's side he was the eleventh 
 in lineal descent from George, Duke of Clarence, brother of 
 King Edward IV.«. 3 
 
 Like several of his ancestors the subject of this sketch en- 
 tered the military profession. At the age of sixteen he became 
 an ensign in the Second, or Coldstream Foot Guards, his com- ■ 
 mission bearing date Nov. 13, 1769, his rank in the army 
 being that of a lieutenant. He was promoted to a captaincy in 
 the 29th Foot July 26, 1773s but did not join that organization 
 until its return from America at the close of that year, when 
 he was appointed to the light company. 
 
 In 1774 Lord Petersham was returned to Parliament just 
 before its dissolution, on a vacancy for the borough of Thet- 
 ford.' In December, 1776, a new writ was ordered for 
 Westminster upon the elevation of Lord Percy to the Duke- 
 dom of Northumberland, and Lord Petersham was elected to 
 the vacancy, and continued to represent Westminster till his 
 own elevation to the upper house in 1779, upon the death of 
 his father.5 
 
 Early in 1776 his lordship exchanged the light company for 
 the grenadiers of the 29th', and in February of that year the 
 regiment embarked at Chatham for Quebec, Lord Petersham 
 with the grenadiers being on board the man of war Isis, 
 which, however, did not sail from Spithead till the nth of 
 March. The Isis arrived in the bason of Quebec May 6th, 
 and was the first troop ship to reach Canada from England 
 that year. Upon the day of its arrival the grenadiers of the 
 29th landed, and, with the troops of the garrison and the ma- 
 rines of the ships of war, advanced against the Americans on 
 
Appendix No. 3. 369 
 
 the Heights of Abraham and compelled them to abandon the 
 investment of Qiiebcc. Lord Petersham served through 1776 
 in Canada, and the next year under Burgoyne ; acting from 
 July 12, 1777, as a supernumeryaid-de-camp to that unfortunate 
 general. He was included in the surrender at Saratoga, but 
 escaped captivity, as he was entrusted with despatches to Lord 
 George Germaine, authorized under the articles of capitulation. 
 He arrived in London, D;c. 24, 1777*, and testified before the 
 Committee of the House of Commons in 1779, in regard to 
 Burgoyne's disastrous campaign. ^ Jan. 16, 1778, he purchased 
 a captaincy in the 3d Foot Guards, which gave him the rank 
 of a lieut. -colonel in the army.'. ♦ 
 
 By the death of his father, April i, 1779, he became Earl 
 of Harrington, and on the 23d of the following May, he mar- 
 ried Jane, daughter and co heir of Sir John Fleming, Bart., of 
 Brompton Park. 
 
 The next year, letters of service were issued to raise a 
 number of new regiments, one of which, the 85th, was given 
 to his lordship', who soon completed it to upwards of 1000 
 men", and, accompanied by his countess, shortly after embarked 
 for Jamaica' with it as lieut. -colonel commanding, his com- 
 mission bearing date Aug 30, 1779* On his arrival at 
 Jamaica the Earl of Harrington was made an acting brigadier, 
 with the command of the flank companies of all the regiments', 
 though the London Chronicle tells us that his commission as a 
 brigadier-general was not signed till Sept. 5, 1 781.9 Xhe 
 tropical climate of the West Indies wrought great havoc in the 
 85th, and, within a few months after its arrival at Jamaica, 
 nine-tenths of the regiment died or became unfit for duty.** 
 
 47 
 
370 Appendix No. 3. 
 
 The remainder, after drafting such of the men as were fit 
 for service into other regiments, was ordered home and 
 embarked on board the ill fated Ville de Paris, though 
 fortunately its commander and a number of officers did not 
 accompany it. The carl's health having become impaired, he, 
 with his countess, returned to England, where he arrived June 
 19, 1781." 
 
 Nov. 20, 1782, he was appointed an aid-de-camp to the 
 king, which gave him the rank of colonel in the army ; 
 and March 12, 1783, he became the colonel of the 65th Foot, 
 which regiment he accompanied to Ireland ; but when it was 
 ordered to America in 1785 his lordship obtained his majesty's 
 permission to return to England." Jan. 28, 1788, he became 
 the colonel of the 29th Foot<, then just returned from America. 
 In the summer of 1792, a camp was formed on Bagshot Heath, 
 and the first of the two brigades into which the infantry was 
 divided, was commanded by Lord Harrington." Dec. 5, 1792, 
 the king evinced a further proof of his regard for his lordship 
 by appointing him colonel of the ist Regiment of Life Guards, 
 and he became a major-general Oct. 12, 1793.* During the 
 campaigns of the Duke of York in Flanders, the Earl of Har- 
 rington was sent on a private mission to the duke, and 
 remained with him for a short time," He became a lieut.- 
 general Jan. i, 1798'; and he was employed as second in 
 command of the London Staff, his Royal Highness, Field 
 Marshal, the Duke of Gloucester, being first. Oct. 24, 1798, 
 he was appointed a privy councillor'*, and Sept. 12, 1803, a 
 general in the army.* In the latter part of 1805 he was 
 employed as Ambassador Extraordinary to the Emperor of 
 Germany, and, early in the next year, to the King of Prussia.'* 
 
Appendix No, 3. 371 
 
 Later in 1806 he was sent to Ireland as commandc-in chief 
 of the forces in that part of the empire, of which hi$ grand- 
 father had twice been viceroy, viz. in 1747, and 1749. March 
 17, 1812, his lordship was appointed governor ot Windsor 
 Castle on the death of the Earl of Cardigan ; and he was the 
 same year succeeded in the chief command in Ireland by the 
 Earl of Hopetoun. At the coronation of George IV, in 1821, 
 the Earl of Harrington was the bearer of the Great Standard of 
 England. His Lordship died at Brighton Sept. 14th, 1829, 
 aged 76 years, and he was buried at Elvaston, the family seat 
 in Derbyshire, where a monument by Canova has been erected 
 to his memory. 
 
 By his countess, who was a conspicuous lady in court 
 circles, being a great favorite of Queen Charlotte, and who 
 died Feb. 3, 1824, the Earl of Harrington had eight sons and 
 three daughters. His eldest son succeeded to the earldom and 
 obtained the rank of major-general in the army. Several of his 
 other sons likewise entered the military service and obtained 
 high rank. 
 
 That the Earl of Harrington was an accomplished soldier 
 there can be no question. His skill as a tactician was great, 
 and, when he was with the 65th, General Sir David Dundas, 
 then adjutant general of the army in Ireland, wishing to bring 
 forward the system of tactics afterwards adopted in the army, the 
 Earl of Harrington, who approved highly of it, at once tried it in 
 his regiment, and so demonstrated its utility that it was introduced 
 into other regiments, and Bnally in June, 1792, it was, by his 
 majesty's orders, directed to be implicitly fallowed by every 
 regiment in the service.' 
 
372 appendix No. 3. 
 
 Unlike many officers of hio;h social rank in the British army, 
 his lordship seemed to cultivate the acquaintance, and to enjoy 
 the fellowship of those under his command. Anburey, who 
 served for a while in the grenadier company of the 29th, which, 
 he writes " I am proud in saying is commanded by Lord Peter- 
 sham," thus refers to the Earl of Harrington in the Dedication 
 of his Travels : — " Having had the honor to serve under your 
 Lordship, it was my fortune, in common with all who were in 
 the same situation, to become attached to your Lordship by 
 personal obligations. * * * Examples of bravery, though 
 none can be more conspicuous than those your Lordship 
 shewed, abound in every class of a British army : more rare, 
 though not less worthy of imitation, is the sort of attachment 
 your Lordship has always shewn to your corps. It has been 
 your praise, my Lord, when out of the field, to forego the 
 pleasures which high rank, fortune, youth and accomplishments 
 opened to your view, and to brave the severity of climate, 
 through tedious winters, in mere military fellowship. In 
 retired quarters, you found the care of your men to be at once 
 the true preparation for your country's service, and a most 
 gratifying enjoyment to your own benevolence : while on their 
 parts, they considered their leader as their best friend and bene- 
 factor." ['E. r. 365: L.S. 24-27: T.I 21. »B. R. \VI.H. 
 261. *B. H. »A. N. 150. «H. H.614. 'B. N. 48. »H. L. 
 187. 9H. P. 234. '°H. H. 624. "H. O. 585. '^F O.] 
 
Appendix No, 4. 373 
 
 NO. 4. 
 
 Sir William Howe. 
 
 Sir William Howe was the fourth son of Emanuel Scrope, id 
 Viscount Howe, by his wife, Mary Sophia Charlotte, eldest 
 daughter, according to Burke, of the Hanoverian Baron K.il- 
 mansegge, Master of the Horse to George I, as Elector of Han- 
 over. Sir William's mother, it is said, was an illegitimate 
 daughter of George I, by his mistress, the Hanoverian Baroness 
 Kilmansegge, and consequently first cousin once removed of 
 George HI ; a fact which doubtless explained the reason of 
 much promotion that merit, certainly, did not warrant. Sir, 
 William's eldest brother was George Augustus, 3d Viscount 
 Howe, who fell so bravely at Ticonderoga, July 6, 1758, 
 while commanding a brigade ; and his next older brother was 
 Richard, Admiral Lord Howe, 4th Viscount, who won such a 
 signal naval victory over the French. 
 
 Sir William was born Aug. 10, 1729, and was educated at 
 Eton ; but being intended for a military life he was taken from 
 that seminary very young and was presented with his fiist com- 
 mission by the Duke of Cumberland, who gave him a cor.ietcy 
 in his own regiment of light dragoons, in which he was promoted 
 to a lieutenancy Sept 21, 1747. This regiment was disbanded 
 in 1749, shortly after the conclusion of the treaty of Aix la 
 Chapelle, but he was promoted on ]m\t ist, 1750, to a cap- 
 taincy in the 20th Foot ; and on the 4th of January, 1 756, to be 
 
374- * Appendix No. 4.. .^ 
 
 major in the 6oth Foot, which regiment was afterwards renum. 
 bered as the 58th. He became the lieut-colonel of his regi- 
 ment Dec. 17, 1757, and a colonel in America only, Jan. 27, 
 1758. He served in the expedition against Louisbourg in 1758 ; 
 and in 1759 he commanded the light infantry under Wolfe at 
 the capture of Quebec. In 1761 he was one of the brigadiers 
 in the expedition against Belieisle on the coast of France, and 
 in 1762 he was the adjutant-general of the army operating 
 against Havana. He became a colonel in the army Feb. 19, 
 1762; the colonel of the 46th Foot, Nov. 21, 1764; lieut- 
 governor of the Isle of Wight in 1768 ; and a major-general 
 May 25, 1772. t 
 
 Embarking at Portsmouth, Gen. Howe, together with Gens. 
 Clinton and Burgoyne, left England for Boston, April 20, 
 1775, in the Cerberus frigate of 28 guns, arriving at his desti- 
 nation May 25th. The Cerberus became somewhat celebrated 
 for its freight of unsuccessful generals ; and among the nume- 
 rous squibs hit off upon it, this was one of the most clever : — 
 
 " Behold the Cerberus the Atlantic plough, 
 
 *' Her precious cargo, Burgoyne, Clinton, Howe, 
 
 *' Bow, wow, wow." 
 
 Gen. Howe became the colonel of the 23d Foot, or Royal 
 Welch Fuzileers, May 11, 1775, and the next month he com- 
 manded the British troops in their memorable assault on Bun- 
 ker Hill, where he displayed more personal bravery than sol- 
 dierly skill. He succeeded Gen. Gage in the chief command 
 of the troops in America in Oct., 1775. " The evacuation of 
 Boston," he tells us, " was the first material occurrence after 
 my appointment to the command of his Majesty's forces in 
 North America. On the 9th of Nov., 1775, I received the 
 
 ...i 
 
Appendix No, 4. 375 
 
 Secretary of State's order dated the 5th of September, to 
 abandon that town before winter, and to move the army to 
 New York, or to some other place to the southward; mv own 
 reasons, indeed, against opening the campaign from Boston, 
 had been in the meantime generally set forth in a letter to his 
 lordship of the 9th of October. The late arrival of the order 
 and the deficiency ot transport tonnage, rendered the removal 
 of the troops impracticable till the 17th of March following, 
 when I embarked with about 6000 rank and file fit for duty, 
 and about goo sick." Gen. Howe became a general in 
 America only, Jan. i, 1776, and a little later in that year he and 
 his brother Richard, Lord Viscount Howe, were appointed 
 commissioners •■* for restoring peace to his Majesty's Colonies 
 and Plantations in America." For gaining the battle of Long 
 Island he received many encomiums from his Majesty, together 
 with the order of the Bath. Lord George Germaine wrote to 
 him under date of Oct. 18, 1776, In these flattering terms : — 
 ** Those who in the early part of your life, from an observation 
 of the inborn courage and active spirit which you manifested in 
 inferior stations, were led to form favourable conjectures rel- 
 ative to your future exploits, will, with me, be happy to find 
 their expectations so fully answered, and will be agreeably sur- 
 prised to see you making such hasty advances towards mil- 
 itary excellence, by thus uniting to the fire of youth all the 
 wisdom and conduct of the most experienced commander." 
 Subsequently, on the same day, Lord George again addressed 
 him. " It is impossible," wrote Lord Germaine, "that any 
 person who has daily attended to your military conduct, and 
 found it from your entrance into the army invariably directed 
 by an unintermitted ambition to serve your King and country, 
 
37^ Appendix No, \» ' 
 
 can imagine that your meritorious behaviour has been unnoticed 
 by his Majesty, or that his gracious approbation has not been 
 frequently communicated to you by his mmisters in their re- 
 spective despatches. 
 
 " His Majesty, however, being desirous that the high sense . 
 which he has of your successful endeavours to serve him should 
 be of still greater notoriety, has thought proper to afford you a 
 more publick testimony of his Royal favour, and has, therefore, 
 out of his special regard for merit wherever it is found, been 
 graciously pleased to nominate you to be one of the Knights 
 Companions of the most honourable Order of the Bath." ^ 
 Sir William Howe became a lieut.-general in the army Aug. 
 29, i7y7, and a little later he was put upon a Board of Com- 
 milsioners " to treat, consult and agree upon the means of 
 quieting the disorders" then existing in certain of the American 
 colonies. His operations in America are too well known 10 
 need rehearsal here. His failure to cooperate with Burgoyne 
 interests us most. Gen. Howe says: " In my letter to the 
 Secretary of State of the 2d of April, 1777, I enclosed a copy 
 of a confidemial letter which I wrote on the 5th of the same 
 month spontaneously to Sir Guy Carleton ; I say spontane- 
 ously, because I had not at that time received any official in- 
 formation concerning the plan of the northern expedition, 
 which I conceived was to take place that year. It may be 
 recollected, that the substance of this letter was, that I should 
 probably be in Pennsylvania at the time when the northern 
 army would be ready to enter the province of New York ; 
 that little assistance was to be expected from me to facilitate 
 their approach, as a want of sufficient strength in my own army 
 
Appendix No, 4. 377 
 
 would probably not admit of my detaching a corps to act up 
 Hudson's River in the beginning of the campaign. On the 5th 
 of June I received a copy of the Secretary of State's letter to 
 Sir Guy Carleton, dated the 26th of March, 1777, wherein he 
 communicates to him the plan of the northern expedition, and 
 adds, * that . he will write to Sir Wiliam Howe by the first 
 packet.' I must observe, that this copy of a letter to Sir Guy 
 Carleton, though transmitted to me, was not accompanied with 
 any instructions whatsoever ; and that the letter intended to 
 have been written to me by the first packet, and which was 
 probably to have contained some instructions, was never sent." 
 The reason these instructions were never sent, is brought to 
 light in Lord E. Fitzmaurice's Life of Lord Shelburne. A 
 memorandum made by Lord Shelburne in regard to that disas- 
 trous blunder, says, — " 'The inconsistent orders given to Gener- 
 als Howe and Burgoyne could not be accounted for except in a 
 way which it must be difficult for any person who is not con- 
 versant with the negligence of office to comprehend. It might 
 appear incredible, if his own secretary and the most respectable 
 persons in office had not assured me of the fact, and what cor- 
 roborates it is that it can be accounted for in no other way. It 
 requires as much experience in business to comprehend the very 
 trifling causes which have produced the greatest events as it 
 does strength of reason to develope the very deepest designs.* 
 The memorandum proceeds to state that Lord George Ger- 
 maine, ' having among other peculiarities a particular aversion to 
 be put out of his way on any occasion, had arranged to call 
 at his office on his way to the country in order to sign the 
 despatches ; but as those addressed to Howe had not been ' fair 
 copied ' and he was not disposed to be balked of his projected 
 48 
 
37^ Appendix No, 4. . 
 
 visit into Kent, they were not signed then and were forgotten 
 on his return to town.'" 
 
 Sir William Howe was relieved as commander-in-chief in 
 America the latter part of May, 1778, by Sir Henry Clinton, 
 and on the 24th of that month he embarked at Philadelphia in 
 the frigate Andromeda, for England, where he arrived July ist 
 following. A few days preceding his departure a superb en- 
 tertainment called the Mischian%a (Italian for medley) was 
 given in his honor, by some of the officers of the army. Its 
 like was never seen in America before or since, and the unfor- 
 tunate Major Andre, then a captain in the 7th, or Royal Fuzi- 
 leers, has left a very full and graphic description of this mixed 
 entertainment in a letter written at Philadelphia to a friend in 
 London, and dated May 23, 1778. This letter was published 
 in the Gentleman s Magazine for August, 1778, vol. 48, p, 
 353, and his correspondent was probably Miss Seward. Judge 
 Jones, the tory historian of New York during the Revolutionary 
 War, and Mr. E. F. DeLancey, ihe editor of that interesting 
 work, likewise afford much insight to those brilliant festivities. 
 Judge Jones characterizes the affair as a ''triumphal raree show, 
 a raree show laughed at by one-half of the army, ridiculed by 
 the inhabitants, damned by the loyalists, and made a mockery 
 of, by the rebels." • 
 
 Sir William Howe won no laurels in America. His victories 
 were few, and the results reaped from them were small. His 
 behavior at Bunker Hill evinced much personal gallantry, but 
 he had no military genius, and he loved his ease. Judge Jones, 
 the loyalist, denounced his inactivity at Boston in these terms : 
 
 Nothing seemed to engross his attention but the faro table, 
 
 u 
 
Appendix No. 4. 379 
 
 the play house, the dancing assembly and Mrs. Lorlng,'' the 
 wife of Joshua Loring, whom the judge avers the general ap- 
 pointed a commissary of prisoners in return for his liberality in 
 the use of his beautiful wife. The judge later on, sums up Sir 
 William and Mrs. Loring, by referring "to the celebrated Mrs. 
 Loring, who as Cleopatra of old, lost Mark Antony the world, 
 so did this illustrious courtesan lose Sir William Howe the 
 honour, the laurels, and the glory of putting an end to one of 
 the most obstinate rebellions that ever existed." 
 
 Sir William was graciously received by the king on his return 
 to England, and the newspapers of the day inform us of his 
 having conferences of several hours in length with his majesty, 
 and of his receiving other marks of royal favor. Sir William 
 was elected a member of parliament for Nottingham, to succeed 
 his brother, who was killed at Ticonderoga. on a new writ 
 ordered Nov. 28th, 1758 ; and he was re-elected for three 
 succeeding parliaments, serving till July 8, 1780. On his 
 return from America he defended his conduct in the House of 
 Commons; and in 1780 was published "The Narrative of 
 Lieut. -General Sir William Howe, in a Committee of the 
 House of Commons, on the 29th of April, 1779, relative to his 
 conduct during his late command of the King's troops in North 
 America ; to which are added some observations upon a pamph- 
 let entitled Letters to a Nobleman ;" which ran through two 
 editions during that year. April 23, 1782, Sir William was 
 appointed lieut. -general of* the Ordnance, a position he held 
 until Nov ,, 1804 ; and he was sworn of the Privy Council, June 
 21 1782. He became the colonel of the 19th Light Dragoons 
 April 21, 1786; a general in the army Oct. 12, 1793; and 
 governor of Berwick in 1795, from which he was removed to 
 
380 Appendix No. 4. 
 
 the government of Plymouth in 1808. Admiral, Lord 
 Viscount Howe, Sir William's older brother, died August 5, 
 1799, when the Irish honors of Viscount Howe and Baron 
 Clenawly, with a baronetcy, reverted to Sir William as 5th 
 Viscount Howe, After a long severe illness, often attended 
 with the most excruciating pain, Sir William, or Lord Howe, 
 as he should now be called, died at his house at Twicken- 
 ham, on the I2th of July, 1814, in the 85th year of his 
 age. He married Frances, daughter of the Right Hon. William 
 Conolly, of Castletown, County Kildare, Ireland, by the Lady 
 Anne Wentworth, eldest daughter of William, 3d Earl of 
 Strafford, by whom he had no issue; and the titles of Viscount 
 Howe and Baron Clenawly, consequently, became extinct. 
 Doubtless Sir William Howe's left-handed connection with 
 royalty through his grandmother's frailty, rather than any merit 
 of his own, was the secret of his rapid getting on in the world ; 
 and every American owes a debt of gratitude to his military 
 incompetence. [B. H: E. K. 93: D. D. 85 : B. R : G. 
 H. 68 : G, R. 716, 252, 253, 351, 722: G. S. 86, 423 : 
 H. J. 8, 14, 16, 19, 319 : K. C. 13, 66 : B. M. xx : G. L. 3, 
 15 : F. O : A. S: A, N. 176 : A. P. 176, 227, 330, 395 : 
 A. R. 28, 32: J. nil.] 
 
Appendix No, ^, 381 
 
 Captain Edward FoY. 
 t 
 
 Edward Foy enlisted as a private in the Royal Regiment of 
 Artillery in July, 1750 ; and his connection with that corps 
 was severed only by death. He became a gentleman cadet 
 in the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich in March, 1754; 
 a lieutenant fireworker in the artillery IVIarch ist, 1755; a 
 second lieutenant May 12th, 1756; a first lieutenant April 2d, 
 1757 i and a captain-lieutenant January ist, 1759.' He served 
 with distinction at the battle of Minden, August ist, 1759, 
 where, though only a capt.-lieut. his command consisted of 
 four light 12 pounders, three light 6 pounders, and two how- 
 itzers. In the General Orders issued by Prince Ferdinand the 
 day after the battle, thanking the army for its gallantry, Capt. 
 Foy was particularized ; and subsequently a gratuity of 500 
 crowns was presented to him. He became a captain February 
 2d, 1764, and took command of No. 4 Company, 3d Battalion, 
 now "4" Battery, 3d Brigade, and served at Minorca." He 
 was bridge master of the Royal Artillery from 1761 to 1770.' 
 When the Earl of Dunmore assumed the governorship of 
 New York, in 1770, Capt. Foy accompanied him as private 
 secretary. A desire for pelf seemed to actuate these officials, 
 and some illustrations will best indicate the reciprocity of 
 service between them in a common object. The royal gov- 
 ernor, for example, made a grant of 51,000 acres of land in 
 
382 appendix No. 5. 
 
 the neighborhood of Lake Champlain to 51 associates, of whom 
 Foy was one; and within four duys thereafter the whole 51 
 had conveyed their interests to Lord Dunmore.3 Again upon 
 the earl's arrival at New York he appointed Goldsbrow 
 Banyar, Registc 01' the Prerogative Court, " upon terms," as 
 Gov. Tryon wrote to the Lords of the Committee of the Privy 
 Council, *■' beneficial to Capt. Foy, who came out as Private 
 Secretary to that nobleman."* 
 
 The advent of these two worthies. Lord Dunmore 
 and Capt. Foy, to Virginia, is thus not flatteringly related 
 by Burk in his History of Virginia. " Lord Dunmore, 
 was removed from the government of New York to 
 \ that of Virginia. From his conduct subsequent to this ap- 
 pointment, it would seem that this removal was not entirely 
 agreeable to him. Instead of hastening to his new govern- 
 ment, which longed to behold a man of whom fame had spoken 
 in flattering terms, he lingered for several months amidst the 
 pleasures and amusements of that gay and wealthy city, and 
 prepared the minds of the Virginians for that jealousy and 
 dislike, which afterwards were changed into the extremest 
 disgust and abhorrence. He arrived in 1772, having previously 
 sent on his lady and family under the care of his private secre- 
 tary, Capt. Edward Foy. Foy had distinguished himself at 
 the battle of Minden, and was one of the three captains, whom 
 Prince Ferdinand had praised for their gallantry on that day. 
 In the present agitation of the public mind, when incidents 
 otherwise trifling and apparently uninteresting, would become 
 from their connection with government, important, it was re- 
 garded as matter of speculation, that an officer of reputation 
 should abandon his government of New Hampshire, to which 
 
Appendix No, 5. 383 
 
 he had been appointed, for the obscure situation of clerk in 
 Virginia ; and there were not wanting many, who asserted 
 that the military talents of Foy were to be employed in carrying 
 into effect those measures of coercion devised by the British 
 parliament. Other circumstances served to strengthen those 
 suspicions. To render the situation of Foy more comfortable, 
 new fees were created, unknown to the constitution of the 
 colony, and a salary of £500 per annum created without the 
 cognizance of the assembly and directly contrary to established 
 laws and usages. The opinions of the favourite too, on the 
 subject of colonial claims, were highly offensive ; opinions 
 which, notwithstanding his supposed station of private adviser 
 to his lordship, and the obvious impolicy of the procedure, 
 he used no pains to conceal. Such was the situation of affairs 
 when the governor thought proper to summon an assembly. 
 The first proceedings of this body, after the customary formali- 
 ties, evinced their determined dislike and opposition. An attack 
 was made on the governor, in the person of his secretary, and 
 a list of the fees created for the benefit of clerks, demanded in 
 words strong and explicit. In canvassing these measures little 
 ceremony was used ; the conduct of the governor was pro- 
 nounced illegal, and a committee was immediately appointed 
 to lay before him the sense of the house, which on this occasion 
 was almost unanimous. The governor's answer was mild and 
 conciliatory. The fees coniplained of, he understood to have 
 been established by his predecessors, and ought, he said, to be 
 ascribed to his short residence in the country, which had not 
 yet enabled him to acquire that knowledge of the laws and con- 
 stitution so necessary for a just and able administration. He 
 concluded by declaring that the fees should be withdrawn."* 
 Burk must be in error in supposing that Foy's declining the 
 
384 appendix No, 5. 
 
 lieut.-governorship of New Hampshire awakened any suspicion 
 on the part of the Virginians, as he was not gazetted as lieut.- 
 governor of New Hampshire until July, 1774, nearly two 
 years after his arrival in Virginia, and four years after he had 
 become Lord Dunmore's secretary.* After the commence- 
 ment of actual hostilities in New England between the colonies 
 and the mother country, great distrust arose between the 
 Virginians and their royal governor ; and at last, about two 
 o'clock in the morning of June 8th, 1775, the earl with his 
 countess, family, private secretary, and some domestics, left 
 Williamsburg and went on board the man of war Fowey 
 lying at Yorktown, much to the indignation of the inhabitants 
 of the state. Several strong communications passed between 
 the earl and the House of Burgesses, in one of which presented 
 by the latter — " They disclaimed the idea of insinuating that 
 the governor would designedly misrepresent facts ; yet it was 
 much to be feared that he had too easily given credit to some 
 designing persons, who, to the great injury of the community, 
 possessed much too large a share of his confidence." '* This 
 attaches," says Burk in a foot note, "to Captain Foy, his 
 secretary, who was governor de facto — an Englishman of 
 violent passions and hostile prejudices against us."' Capt. Foy 
 proceeded to Boston in the Fowey, and, a little later, returned 
 to England.^ 
 
 He accompanied the Brunswick troops from Germany to 
 England, and thence to Quebec, where he arrived June ist, 
 1776, having gone to Canada as commissary of the troops 
 there.9 His service as commissary was very brief, however, 
 as he was appointed deputy adjutant-general to the army in 
 
Appendix No. 5. 385 
 
 Canada June 3, 1776'°) and, soon after, commissary of musters, 
 which latter position he resigned when promoted to adjutant- 
 general, June 6, 1777, on Lieut. -Col. Maclean's becoming a 
 brigadier." Gen. Burgoyne wished to have Foy join him 
 upon his expedition, but Sir Guy Carlcton, who had asked to be 
 relieved of his command and was preparing to return to 
 England, could nut then spare his adjutant-general, and so 
 wrote Burgoyne August i6th, 1777." 
 
 Capt. Foy felt that the important position of adjutant-general 
 should be filled by an officer of higher army rank than he 
 held, and as he had failed, though aided by Sir Guy Carlcton, 
 in securing the desired rank, he resigned the office and accepted 
 the position of barrack master general, Oct. 1 1, 1777.'' In the 
 latter part of that year he visited England for the last time. 
 The armed ship Genoa Galley, on which he took passage from 
 Quebec, was attacked by an American privateer, but young 
 Edward Pellew, then a midshipman, afterwards Lord Exmouth 
 and Vice-Admiral of England, who was a fellow passenger, 
 assumed command of the crew and beat off the assailant. '< He 
 landed at Lyme, in Dorsetshire, Dec. 14, 1777, and arrived at 
 London, three days later, with Sir Guy Carleton's dispatches, 
 where he had a long interview with his majesty at St. James, 
 being introduced by his old friend, the Earl of Dunmore'S; and 
 he sailed from Spithead, in his majesty's ship Montreal, on his 
 return, April 28, 1778,'* arriving at Quebec on the 26th of the 
 following June.'' 
 
 Capt. Foy was appointed secretary of the Governor Genera! 
 of Canada, July ist, 1778'^ and he died April 27th of the 
 next year.'' 'The following general order informs us how the 
 last sad rites were performed for this officer, whom Gen.^ 
 Haldimand pronounced an * able and faithful secretary.' 
 
 49 
 
386 Appendix No, 5. 
 
 "Head Quarters, Quebec, 28/* Aprils i779- 
 Parole, St. Francis. C. S. Vercherc. 
 
 A Detachment with arms from the Troops in Garrison in the 
 following proportions, to attend Capt. Foy's funeral to morrow 
 afternoon, and to parade at half an hour after four o clock. 
 
 Cpt. sub. Sergt. Drum. Private.. 
 
 Royal Artillery 1 » ^^ 
 
 34th Regiment 12325° 
 
 Anhalt Zerbit 1223^ 
 
 Total I. 4. 6. 4. »oo- 
 
 All the rest of the officers and soldiers are desired to attend 
 at the same hour."*" , u 
 
 C»p.. Foy married Miss Harriet Van Horn", and she 
 accompanied the Baroness Riedesel to Canada in th^ ;P"»S »/ 
 ,777, where both ladies went to join their husbands. The 
 b"o;.ss. in her Journal, however, gives -y-'^S ^"; ' 
 • Battering description of her travelling companion Mrs *oy 
 . rimed to England in the October following her husband 
 death" and remained a widow until May 2d, .783, when she 
 „,arried Colonel Thomas Carleton > for a sketch of whom see 
 
 .„ fn u 'C Z. 108, ii2, 2'+> »2». **♦• 
 
 500, 598. ■•J. M. -J. N. -F. E. .00. -.F H. .o». 
 -F. E no. »C. U. 19' note. "K. L. 50-5*. 6». 7*. 73- 
 
 •3 
 
 'J. Q-] 
 
Appendix No^ 6. ; 387 
 
 ;'/ , . \;';:; no. e. 
 
 ^ Lieut.-General John BuRGOYNE. 
 
 There were two kinsmen named John Burgoyne, in the 
 British army, at the beginning of our Revolutionary struggle j 
 one was colonel of the i6th, and the other was lieutenant- 
 colonel of the 14th [Light] Dragoons. The latter was a great- 
 grandson of Sir John Burgoyne, the third baronet, of Sutton, 
 Bedfordshire, through Roger, his eldest son, and eventually 
 succeeded to the baronetcy ;" while the former, who is the 
 subject of this sketch, was a grandson of the third baronet, 
 through John, his second son.' 
 
 John Burgoyne, who surrendered at Saratoga, in 1777, was 
 born February 4, 1722-23, and was baptized the next day at 
 St. Margaret's Church, Westminster, as the [eldest] son of 
 John Burgoyne, by his wife, Anna Maria, daughter of Charles 
 Burnestone, of Hackney, in Middlesex.' His father, accord- 
 ing to Miss Warburton, a niece of Lady Charlotte Burgoyne, 
 
 a. This officer was born Septembc- 1777, the colonel of the 23d [Light] 
 *0f '7391 an<l began his military career Dragoons, then stationed in the East 
 May 26, 1759, as a lieutenant in the 7th Indies, September 24, 1781 ; and a major- 
 Foot, or Royal Fuiileers. He was pro general in the army, November 20, 
 moted to be a captain in the 85th Foot, 1782. He married Charlotte, the eldest 
 March 4, 1761 ; the major of the 52d daughter of General Johnston, of Over- 
 Foot, February 1 3, 1762; the lieutenant- stone, near Northampton, July 13, 1772 
 colonel of the 58th Foot, December 19, and he succeeded his father as seventh 
 1764; the lieutenant-colonel of the 1 4ch baronet in 1781. He died in the East 
 Dragoons, July 15, 1773 j a major-gene- Indies, in 1785, leaving issue. [B. H :. 
 ral in the East Indies only, May 9, B. R : V. 158 : IX. 316, 317.] 
 1777 ; a colonel in the army August 29, 
 
7 88 Appendix No, 6. 
 
 the general's wife, was at one time a captain in the army, 
 and " was one of those many fine gentlemen about town 
 who contrive to run through their means, and finish their 
 days in the King's Bench. His mother was a co-hc.ress, 
 and brought a good fortune, which, however, her husband 
 dissipated ; " and " she was exceedingly beautiful." 3 
 
 The gossip of Burgoyne's own day assigned his paternity to 
 Lord Bingley,* and the majority of writers since have adopted 
 that version. The Baronetages, however, and Fonblanque, 
 Burgoyne's latest biographer, do not question his legitimacy i 
 and the latter scouts the idea " that a piece of idle gossip 
 originally traceable to a no higher source than the loose tongue 
 of a jealous woman, should have given rise to the belief that 
 General Burgoyne was of illegitimate birth." 3 
 
 As, therefore, different views exist in regard to the paternity 
 of so' prominent a figure in American history as General Bur- 
 goyne, the subject is surely important enough for some con- 
 sideration. 
 
 There being no question about General Burgoyne's having 
 been born in wedlock, it is certain that, in the eye of the law, 
 he was the son of the husband of his mother. • 
 
 Let us now consider the other aspect of the case. Miss 
 
 ^Warburton, before referred to, says—" It happened that when 
 
 •your father" (General Burgoyne) "was christened, Lord 
 
 Bingley w^s one of the sponsors ; upon which Lady Bingley 
 
 b Horace Walpole, in writing to the is a natural ion of Lord Bingley, who put 
 
 Rev wTman, Mason, under date of him into the entail of the estate, but 
 
 StobeM ™77. .ays: " Vou a.lc the when V--^ La»e c-e of age the en. 
 
 history of Burgoyne the Pompous. He ta.1 was cut off, etc. [M. P. 494.J 
 
Appendix No, 6. 389 
 
 raised a story to poor Mrs. Burgoyne's disadvantage, which, at 
 a late period, in some minds, gained a footing, in consequence 
 of Lord Bingley bequeathing your father a handsome legacy as 
 his godson." 3 
 
 It is only reasonable to infer that, if Lady Bingley started 
 such a siory, she probably had some ground for suspicion j and 
 it is but natural that she should have taken some, even if not 
 a very tender, interest in the supposed illegitimate offspring of a 
 man who should have been true to her. It must likewise be 
 acknowledged that certain bequests in that nobleman's will give 
 some color to the scandal. 
 
 Robert Benson, who had been M. P. for the city of York, 
 and commissioner, chancellor, and under treasurer of the ex- 
 chequer, was created Baron Bingley, July 21, 17 13, and was 
 subsequently ambassador to the court of Spain. He died April 
 9> '73^ leaving a wife, and one legitimate daughter, named 
 Harriet. The title then became extinct for lack of male issue. 
 His will dated June 27, 1729, with a codicil dated March 9, 
 1729-30, was proved April 13, 1731. After bequeathing his 
 house in Queen street, Westminster, to his wife, he left ^67,000 
 to trustees for the use of his illegitimate daughter, Mary 
 Johnson, then at the boarding school of Elizabeth Lewis, at 
 Stoke Newington, Middlesex, who was to take the name of 
 Benson after his death, and whom he particularly recommended 
 to the protection of his dear daughter Harriet. His next be- 
 quest was to Anna Maria, wife of John Burgoyne, of Park 
 Prospect, Westminster, Esq., to whom he gave ^6400 per 
 annum, his house in Park Prospect, and his house called 
 " The Nunnery " at Cheshunt, Herts, with all its plate, jewels, 
 
390 Appendix No. 6. 
 
 and other contents, for her separate use for life, forgiving her 
 husband what he owed him. The residue of his estate, except 
 small annuities to two or three widows, was to be invested in 
 lands in Yorkshire, to the use of his daughter Harriet, and the 
 heirs of her body ; with remainder to said Mary Johnson, and 
 her heirs male, then to his godson John Burgoyne, son of said 
 John and Anna Maria, who, if the estate came to him, was to 
 take the name of ' Robert Benson ' ; then to his godson Robert, 
 son of his cousin Samuel Benson, then toother godsons in suc- 
 cession, and finally to his right heirs.* His legitimate daughter 
 married, and had a son that took the residuary interest in his 
 grandfather's estate, thus cutting o(F the entails. ^' 
 
 The devises to Mrs. Burgoyne and her son, in Lord Bingley's 
 will, were certainly very remarkable; and, with their surround- 
 ings,were hardly of a character to allay suspicion already aroused. 
 So ample a provision for Mrs. Burgoyne, following immediately 
 after a generous provision for a daughter, his lordship frankly 
 admitted to>be illegitimate, and his including Mrs. Burgoyne's 
 son in the entail of the residuum of his estate immediately after 
 his avowed illegitimate daughter, who in turn directly followed 
 his legitimate daughter, and his placing young Burgoyne in the 
 entail before other godsons who were Lord Bingley's acknowl- 
 edged kinsmen, and one of whom was named after him, all 
 raise a su'ipicicn that there must have been some strong, though 
 hidden reason for such an unusual disposition of property. If 
 it is assumed that John Burgoyne's being Lord Bingley's godson 
 was the sole reason for his lordship's partiality to him, then the 
 questions naturally arise, why did he prefer him to other godsons 
 that were acknowledged kinsmen, and why did such partiality 
 extend to the boy's beautiful mother ? The morals of the age 
 
Appendix No, 6. 391 
 
 were extremely lax, and it was no uncommon thing for men to 
 provide for the objects of their illicit affection and the offspring 
 of such ; and Burgoyne did the same thing himself. The beau- 
 tiful young wife of a dissipated army captain in debt to a liber- 
 tine of high rank, might easily enough have become the prey 
 of such a creditor of such a husband ; and as Mrs. Burgoyne 
 was a wife, the purpose and object of the provision, if irregular, 
 could not be openly avowed. The gossip of the day, however, 
 interpreted its meaning. Though, in the eye of the law, young 
 Burgoyne was the son of his mother's husband, yet Lord Bing- 
 ley's will, coupled with the scandal circulated in his lordship's 
 lifetime, at least raises a suspicion in the mind that the question 
 of Burgoyne's paternity may belong to that numerous class of 
 cases where the mere presumption of law does not always cor- 
 respond with the grim matter of fact. 
 
 Burgoyne was educated at Westminster, and having entered 
 the army at an early age, succeeded to a troop in the 13th 
 Dragoons in 1744. While at school he formed an intimacy 
 with Lord Strange, the eldest son of the eleventh Earl of Derby, 
 and in this way became acquainted with Lady Charlotte Stanley, 
 a sister of Lord Strange ; and about the year 1 743, when his regi- 
 ment was quartered at Preston^ he eloped with her. Though the 
 earl's family at first resented the marriage, they soon became re- 
 conciled, and the match proved a happy one. The Earl of Derby 
 allowed his daughter .£300 a year during her life, and at his death 
 left her a legacy of £25,000.* As Burgoyne had no fortune, and 
 his pay was inadequate for the support of a wife even with her 
 father's allowance, he retired from the army in 1747, and took 
 up his abode on the continent for the space of seven years. 
 His reinstatement in the army, which, Fonblanque says, was " a 
 
392 Appendix No. 6. 
 
 rare, if not an unprecedented step," was doubtless " due to the 
 interest of the Derby family, who in common with two or three 
 other great Whig houses, exercised an all powerful influence in 
 the state under the first two Georges." 
 
 Burgoyne was commissioned as captain in the I ith Dragoons, 
 June 14, 1756 ; served under the Duke of Marlborough in the 
 attack upon Cherbourg in 1758; and, later in the same year, 
 was present at the unfortunate attack on St. Malo. On his 
 return to England he was appointed captain-lieutenant in the 
 Coldstream, or 2d Foot Guards, which gave him the army rank 
 of lieut, -colonel, his commission bearing date May 10, 1758. 
 In the next year, when George the Second determined to raise 
 two regiments of light horse, Burgoyne was selected for the 
 formation, and promoted to the command of the i6th Dragoons, 
 as lieut. -colonel commandant, under date of Aug. 4, 1759.' 
 The king gave him repeated proofs of his approbalion, and 
 George the Third, after his accession, used to take particular 
 pleasure in reviewing *' Burgoyne's Light Horse," as the corps 
 was commonly called. He was present at both attacks on 
 Belle Isle in 1761, and returned home in the latter part of that 
 year.3 
 
 He was elected to represent the borough of Midhurst in 
 the Twelfth Parliament, the first session of which began Nov. 
 25, 1762 } and he represented that borough until the dissolu- 
 tion of that parliament, March 12, 1768, when he was elected 
 for Preston, which constituency he uninterruptedly represented 
 until his death.^ 
 
 Early in 1762 England declared war against Spain, and soon 
 after that event Burgoyne's regiment received orders to hold 
 
Appendix No, 6^ 393 
 
 itself in readiness for foreign service. Burgoyne embarked 
 for the Tagus, with his light horse, early in May, with the 
 local rank of brigadier-general, and, on his arrival in Portugal, 
 he was placed in command of a brigade of 3,000 men, nearly 
 two-thirds of whom were Portuguese, requiring much discipline 
 to bring them up to anything like a soldierly standard. August 
 27th of that year, he gained great credit for himself by making 
 a brilliant dash into Valentia d' Alcantara with his light horse, 
 after a forced night march, and capturing the town, together 
 with a Spanish major-general, several officers of less rank, a 
 number of prisoners, three stands of colors, and a large quan- 
 tity of arms. This exploit gave him great eclat at home and 
 abroad, and the Portuguese king showed his appreciation of it 
 by presenting him with a diamond ring. The war ended early 
 in 1763, and, toward the end of that year, Burgoyne embarked 
 with his regiment for England, whither his reputation as a dash- 
 ing soldier had preceded him.' 
 
 He became a coioncri in the army Oct. 8, 1762, and the 
 colonel of the i6tn Dragoons March 18, 1763, his regiment 
 soon after being designated as " the Queen's " Light Dragoons.' 
 
 During the long period of tranquility that intervened between 
 the peace of Paris and the beginning of the American Revolu- 
 tion, there was no opportunity for winning laurels, so Burgoyne 
 applied himself to parliamentary duties and professional studies, 
 using his pen in the direction of the latter. Fonblanque draws 
 this flattering picture of him at this time: — " In 1768 the king 
 conferred another mark of favour on Burgoyne, by appointing 
 him to the government of Fort William, North Britain, an 
 honourable and lucrative post then rarely held by an officer under 
 50 
 
394 Appendix No, 6. 
 
 the rank of general, and which, together with the emoluments 
 of his other military appointments and the fortune to which 
 his wife had about this time succeeded, afforded him the means 
 of indulging his refined tastes and his love of society, not only 
 of the fashionable and the gay by whom he was feted, but of 
 all who were eminent in literature and art, and among whom 
 he was equally welcomed. 
 
 " With a handsome person, a manner the charm of which 
 reither man nor woman could, it was said, easily resist, a genial 
 kindly nature which drew all hearts towards him, a ready wit, 
 a cultivated mind, and the prestige derived from his reputation 
 as a soldier, a speaker, and a poet — many a man more highly 
 favoured by fortune, might have envied Burgoyne his position. 
 
 ** He was a favourite at court. The Derby family, who 
 had at one time resented his alliance with a member of their 
 house, had learnt to love him, and vied in showing him kind- 
 ness and in advancing his interests ; high military authorities 
 consulted him ; eminent politicians courted his support, and 
 literary men were pleased to call him one of themselves. 
 
 *■*■ Burgoyne's youth had not been free from cares and 
 anxiety ; his later years were darkened by a great sorrow ; 
 but at this period he basked in the full sunshine of life. Happy 
 in his home, universally popular in society, successful in his 
 profession, rising into prominence in Parliament, all surround- 
 ing circumstances justified him in indulging in the hope of 
 eminence in public life and of gratified ambition in time to 
 come." 'o,',-. .; -, ■'*,,.;, ;.'■'■ 
 
 Burgoyne took an active part in parliament at this period, 
 £specially in matters pertaining to India.' He had incurred the 
 
Appendix No, 6. 395 
 
 displeasure of Junius, and hence obtained a place in that famous 
 writer's letters.'" He became a major-general in the army May 
 25, 1772,' and he was now awaiting an opportunity to distin- 
 guish himself further in his chosen profession, of which he was 
 enthusiastically fond. 
 
 When it was determined to send reinforcements to America, 
 in the spring of 1775, before actual hostilities had commenced, 
 Burgoyne, Clinton and Howe were the three generals selected 
 for service there. They accordingly embarked in the Cer- 
 berus frigate, of 28 guns, April 20, 1775, and arrived at 
 Boston on the 25th of the following May." Burgoyne, from 
 the heights in Boston, witnessed the disastrous affair of the 
 British at Bunker Hill, but bore no active part in it. Much 
 has been written of the faultiness of the British plan of attack 
 in that action. It would seem from Gen. Burgoyne's letter to 
 his wife's nephew, Lord Stanley, dated Boston, June 25, 1775, 
 that the plan was approved, if not advised, by Burgoyne, in con- 
 sultation with the other British generals then in Boston. That 
 letter can be found in the American Archives, 4th Series, vol. 
 2, 1094. After spending the summer and most of the autumn 
 in America, Burgoyne returned to England in November, for 
 the winter. 
 
 Jan. 1st, 1776, he was appointed a lieut. -general in America 
 only ,7 and, on the 31st of March following, he, with Gen. 
 Phillips and a number of other officers, embarked on the Blonde 
 frigate, for Quebec, whither he sailed four days later, accom- 
 panied by a fleet of transports having large remforcements on 
 board for Gen. Carleton.'" Burgoyne took part in the opera- 
 tions of that year for expelling the Americans from Canada, and 
 
396 Appendix No, 6. 
 
 re-embarked, Nov. 9th, in the man of war Isis for England.'' 
 During his absence this year Lady Charlotte Burgoyne died, 
 for she was languishing of a decline when he sailed for Amer- 
 ica, and her death occurred at Kensington Palace, June 7.'* 
 By her Burgoyne had one child, a daughter, named Charlotte 
 Elizabeth, who died March 7, 1764, in the tenth year of 
 her age.'* 
 
 Burgoyne was received with great favor at court, and the 
 newspapers of the lime contain many indications of the royal 
 partiality for him, in such notices as the following, taken from 
 the London Chronicle of Jan. 7-9, 1777 : — " Yesterday morn- 
 ing his Majesty took an airing on horseback in Hyde-park up- 
 wards of an hour, attended by Gen. Burgoyne." 
 
 It was determined that this officer should command the 
 famous northern expedition of 1777 ; and, April 3d, he accord- 
 ingly embarked on the Apollo frigate for America, with his 
 two aids-de-camp, and arrived at Quebec, May 6th.'* The 
 prestige of Gen. Burgoyne at the opening of this campaign, is 
 well illustrated by a passage from the London Chronicle of 
 April 15-17, 1777. Says that paper, — " We hear that Gen. 
 Burgoyne, before his departure, was offered a red ribbon (Knight 
 of the Bath) but could not be prevailed with to accept it, before 
 his conduct was favoured with the approbation of his country j 
 that if he proved successful, he had no objection to any mark 
 .of distinction his Prince pleased to honour him with ; but to 
 receive unmerited honours he considered a reproach, and would 
 prove a disagreeable monitor of his undeserving.'^ 
 
 That paper, a year later, gives this remarkable incident in it» 
 issue of May 26-28, 1778: — "Before Mr. Burgoyne went out 
 
Appendix No, 6. 397 
 
 to take upon him the command of the Northern army, he had 
 the most sanguine expectation of being the chief instrument of 
 subduing the rebels ; insomuch that, in a conversation with 
 some gentlemen at Arthur's, he said he hoped to bring Amer- 
 ica to a proper sense of duty before he returned. Mr. Fox 
 being present, made the following prophetic observation : * Bur- 
 goyne, be not over sanguine in your expectations ; I believe 
 when next you return to England you will be a prisoner on 
 your parole.' " 
 
 It is not proposed to give the details of Burgoyne's campaign 
 here. Hadden has done that, and, in the Editor's Explanatory 
 Chapter, some considerations of the causes of Burgoyne's failure 
 have been presented. Neither are we going at length into the 
 much mooted point whether Burgoyne so far violated the pro- 
 visions of the convention at Saratoga as to justify congress in 
 detaining him and his army prisoners of war ; but it is difficult 
 to see how the British general could reconcile some of his 
 conduct with a high sense of honor, or a sound, healthy con- 
 science. Soon after the conclusion of the convention much 
 inquiry arose as to what had become of Burgoyne's ordnance 
 and public property ; and, on the 19th of November, Congress 
 ordered that Gen. Gates' return of ordnance, etc., taken from 
 the enemy, be referred to a committee ; which committee, three 
 days subsequently, reported, — '' That there is no mention, in the 
 said return, of standards, military chest, medicine or tents." * * 
 Whereupon Congress '* Resolved, That the president imme- 
 diately send an express to Gen. Gates, and desire answers to 
 the following questions, viz. 
 
 " What is become of the standards belonging to the respective 
 regiments in Gen. Burgoyne's army f * * ♦ 
 
398 Appendix No, 6. 
 
 " Was ther» any destruction, waste, removal or conceal- 
 ment of the arms, tents, colours, treasure or other military 
 stores, belonging to Gen. Burgoyne's army, from the time the 
 first proposal was made, on the 13th of October, to the time 
 of the surrender ?" '' 
 
 Gen. Gates, in his letter to the President of Congress, dated 
 Dec. 3d, in reply to the above resolutions, among other things, 
 wrote : — 
 
 '* Respecting the standards. General 'i^rgoyne declared 
 upon his honor, that the colors of the re^ '-'nts were left in 
 Canada." -8 ., 
 
 Max Von Eelking, in his Memoirs, Journal and Letters of 
 Riedesel, vol. i, p. 187, relates how the German general col- 
 lected his troops together on the 17th of October, 1777, when 
 the convention was completed, and informed them of their fate. 
 Then the biographer, on page 188, proceeds as follows : — 
 ** General Riedesel's next care was to save the colors. He, 
 therefore, had them taken down from the flag staffs, and gave 
 them to his wife, who had them sewed up by a faithful soldier 
 who was a tailor. Henceforth he slept upon them and fortu- 
 nately saved them." On page 28, of vol. 2, of the same work, 
 the writer says, — " Captain O'Connell " [of Gen. Riedesel's 
 staff] '* asked permission of Riedesel to return to Europe and 
 arrange some pressing family affairs. * * * In the middle 
 of June," 1778, "he received permission from congress to 
 return to Europe on parole. Riedesel took this opportunity to 
 send by him his dispatches to his court, also the flags which he 
 had saved. These flags the captain left in Rhode Island. 
 They were afterwards carried to Canada by Lieutenant-Colonel 
 
 t. 
 
I 
 
 appendix No. 6. 399 
 
 Specht." Lieut.-Col. Spcth, of the Regiment Riedesel, is un- 
 doubtedly meant, as there was no Lieut.-Col. Specht ; Colonel 
 Specht, of the Regiment Specht, usually being spoken of as gene 
 ral, as he was a brigadier, and never as lieut. -colonel, as he was 
 a full colonel. Madame Riedesel, in her Letters and Journals, 
 p. 143, tells the story of the concealment of the German flags 
 in this wise — " We lived," she writes, " very happily and con- 
 tented in Cambridge, and were, therefore, well pleased at the 
 idea of remaining there during the captivity of our troops. As 
 winter approached, however, we were ordered to Virginia. 
 Now I was forced to consider how I should safely carry the 
 colors of our German regiments still further, as we had made 
 the Americans at Saratoga believe that they were burnt up— a cir- 
 cumstance wh^ch they at first took in bad part, though, after- 
 wards, they tacitly overlooked it. But it was only the staves 
 that had been burned, the colors having been thus far concealed. 
 Now, my husband confided to me this secret, and entrusted me 
 with their still further concealment. I, therefore, shut myself in 
 with a right honorable tailor, who helped me make a mattresi 
 in which we sewed evry one of them. Captain O'Connell, 
 under pretense of some errand, was sent to New York, and 
 passed the mattress off as his bed. He sent it to Halifax, where 
 we again found it on our passage from New York to Canada, 
 and where — in order to ward off all suspicion in case our ship 
 should be taken — I transferred it into my cabin, and slept, 
 during the whole of the remaining voyage to Canada, upon 
 these honorable badges." There seems to be a little confusion 
 of time between Madame Riedesel's statement and that of her 
 husband's biographer, as Capt. O'Connell returned to Europe 
 in June, 1778, embarking from New York ; while the con- 
 
400 Appendix No. 6. 
 
 vention troops did not go to Virginia until late in the autumn of 
 that year. The exact date, however, is not importan., as both 
 agree as to the main facts of the concealment and clandestine 
 removal of the Gei man flags. General Burgoyne's statement 
 to the contrary, notwithstanding, it is clear that the German 
 colors were not left in Canada. . / - 
 
 How was it with the English flags .? Gen. Burgoyne 
 himself says, on page xvi of the Appendix to the State of 
 the Expedition, in reference to the retreat of the Americans 
 from Ticonderoga and the British advance under Gen. 
 Eraser, — " This movement was very discernible, as were 
 the British colours, which the Brigadier had fixed upon 
 the fort of Ticonderoga." Had the British flags been 
 left in Canada as stated by Burgoyne after his surrender, how 
 could they have been at Ticonderoga ? If it be said,however,that 
 these need not necessarily have been the regimental flags, and 
 hence Burgoyne's statement is not conclusive proof of their 
 presence, let us examine a little further. Tn the " Historical 
 Record of The Ninth, or The East-Norfolk Regiment of Foot, 
 containing an Account of the formation of the regiment in 1685, 
 and of its subsequent services, compiled by Richard Cannon, 
 Esq., Adjutant General's Office, Horse Guards, London, 1 848," 
 published under General Orders from the British Army Head- 
 quarters, dated Jan. ist, 1836, and *' By Command of his late 
 Majesty, William the IVth, and under the patronage of her 
 Majesty, the Queen," these sentences in regard to the Saratoga 
 afFair,occur : — "Lieut. -Colonel Hill of the Ninth, being anxious 
 to preserve the colours of the regiment, took them off the 
 staves, and concealed them in his baggage, which he was per- 
 
Appendix No, 6. 401 
 
 mitted to retain. The American government violated the con- 
 ditions of the convention, and detained the troops until 1781, 
 when the Ninth proceeded to England, and Lieut.-Colonel Hill 
 producing the colours presented them to King George III, who 
 rewarded his faithful services with the appointment of aide de 
 camp to His Majesty, and the rank of colonel in the army." It 
 matters not whether Wilkinson was correct, in writing of 
 the convention thirty-five years afterwards, and after he had 
 quarrelled with, and twice challenged, and once fought a duel 
 with Gen. Gates," where he says, — " Burgoyne made his own 
 convention, and saved his accoutrements, military chest and 
 colors, all of which were retained, notwithstanding Gen. Gates's 
 letter to Congress, * * which was unworthy of a soldier." '9 
 The truth, even, of Wilkinson's statement, does not help Bur- 
 goyne's veracity. But Wilkinson's assertion that the colors 
 were not included in the convention, is incompatible with 
 Madame Riedesel's statement that " we had made the Ameri- 
 cans at Saratoga believe that they were burnt up — a circum- 
 stance which they at first took in bad part ;" and is also in 
 striking contrast with the British and German officers' belief 
 on that subject as indicated by their studious concealment of 
 the flags, and by Burgoyne's denial that they were with the 
 army at all. Had Burgoyne's officers believed that their colors 
 
 c. For correspondence between Colo- Wilkinson tells us about in his Memoirs, 
 
 nel, afterwards General Kosciusko, Gen. vol. i, page ;}88, where he challenged 
 
 Gates' second, and John Carter, Gen. Gates Feb. 23, 1778; as then, the duel 
 
 Wilkinson's second, in the duel fought did not take place. Surely the word of 
 
 by Gates and Wilkinson on Friday after- a man who has twice challenged, and 
 
 noon, Sept. 4, 1778, copied from the once fought another, can possess but 
 
 Neiv York Packet, see the Boston Evening little weight in regard to that other 
 
 Poit and General Advertiser for Oct. 17, person ; and Wilkinson's word, as shown 
 
 1778. The duel above referred to, is an by his Memoirs, is, at best, entitled to. 
 
 entirely different affair from the one none too much weight. 
 
 51 
 
402 Appendix No, 6. 
 
 were not embraced in the terms of the convention, they would 
 have flung them to the breeze and proudly marched out under 
 them, as z.ii indication of how much of their honor they had 
 preserved, especially when they supposed that they were about 
 to embark for England ; for soldiers lay down their lives for 
 their flags, the loss, surrender, or concealment of which, save 
 in rare instances, is synonymous with defeat and humiliation. 
 Wilkinson's statement in this respect, as likewise in many others, 
 it seems to us, is utterly unreliable. 
 
 It is not surprising, perhaps, that British writers assert that 
 the Americans shamefully,and without cause,broke the Saratoga 
 coiwention. It is to be regretted, however, that some Amer- 
 ican writers have joined in such attacks on the national honor 
 without having first duly weighed all the considerations bearing 
 on the question, among which is this standard business. Had 
 proof of Gen. Riedesel's dealing with the German colors, and 
 the authorized statement of Lieut.-Col. Hill's concealment of 
 the colors of the 9th Regiment, been made in 1777, much 
 clamor would have been saved, and many letters like the follow- 
 ivg, sent from New York, then in possession of the British, 
 ■dated Jan. 29, 1778, and printed in the London Chronicle of 
 JVlarch 14-17, 1778, would never have been written. "Among 
 other detestable pretexts," says the letter, " fabricated by the 
 rebels to justify the detention of Lieut. -Gen. Burgoyne and 
 the troops under his command, the equivocal, revolted Yankees 
 pretend a discovery of several stands of colours, belonging to 
 British regiments, secreted by him, which they think a violation 
 of the treaty concluded between him and Gen. Gates. By 
 such assertions, which have no foundation in truth, they mask 
 their perfidy." 
 
Appendix No. 6. 403 
 
 Burgoyne was certainly very zealous for the comfort of his 
 men after the surrender, and his prosecution of the American 
 Colonel Henley, before a court martial, for alleged cruelty and 
 oppression, shows his earnestness in that behalf. 
 
 Early in 1778, Burgoyne obtained permission to return to 
 England on his parole, basing his application on the plea of ill 
 health'' and a desire to vindicate himself from blame on account 
 of his surrender. He embarked at Newport, Rhode Island, on 
 the Grampus sloop of war," and landed at Portsmouth, England, 
 May 13, 1778. How different the return, from the setting out ! 
 No ardent volunteers thirsting for fame, accompanied him now.*° 
 No rumors of real or imaginary red ribbons being conferred 
 upon him, now filled the air. No newspapers now chronicled 
 any royal favors being bestowed upon him — not even a solitary 
 morning airing with his majesty, — but on the contrary, they 
 announced that the king refused even tu give him an audience. 
 
 d. Gen. Glover, the American officer board the Grampus, in company with a 
 in charge of Burgoyne and his troops on fleet for England." ■ The London Chron. 
 the march from Saratoga, to Cambridge icle for May 12-14, 1778, vol. 43, page 
 after the surrender, wrote to Gen. 464, in a news-letter from Portsmouth, 
 Gates from Marblehead, Nov. 16, 1776, dated May 13, says: — " This morning 
 as follows : — "After a troublesome journey arrived the Grampus sloop of war from 
 of 13 days (some part of which time was Rhode Island, from which ship Gen. 
 very stormy — this with the badness of Burgoyne landed about twelve o'clock." 
 the roads was almost too much for Gen'l See also The Remembrancer for 1778, 
 Burgoyne's sh:;tter'd constitution) we ar- vol. 6, 207. 
 
 rived safe in Ca:nbridge. [D. R.] The ship that first bore Burgoyne to 
 
 America in 1775, *^^ '^^ ''^'P ^^■'^ '^^' 
 
 e. Foiiblanque, page 333, says : — "Bur- took him away from there, in 1778, both 
 goyne embarked at Rhode Island in the came to disastrous ends during the Amer- 
 Juno frigate. Captain Hew Ualrymple, in ican Revolution. The Cerberus was burnt 
 the middle of April," etc. On the other by the British to prevent its falling into 
 hand, however, 'A Diary of the Revo- the hands of the enemy ; and the Gram- 
 lution kept at Newport,' in 1778, says — pus, a worn out 70 gun ship which had 
 "April 7. Arrived a flag from Provid;'nce been cut down to 26 guns, and subse- 
 with Gen. Burgoyne and two provincial quently turned into a storeship, foundered 
 officers who are in town at Newfoundland.' ['F. W. 38. »H.. 
 
 "April 14. Sailed Gen. Burgoyne on M. 251.] 
 
404. Appendix No. 6. 
 
 When he clamored for investigation, all sorts of subterfuges 
 were resorted to for denying him justice ; and it was even at- 
 tempted to stifle his voice in the House of Commons, on the 
 plea that, as a paroled prisoner, he could not occupy his seat in 
 parliament. Fox's prophetic saying had, indeed, been verified ; 
 and the prisoner on parole now found how hollow were official 
 professions of friendship. If the government, however, turned 
 the cold shoulder to him, the opposition now took him up, and 
 his sturdy advocacy of his own cause at last obtained for him a 
 hearing, and a practical vindication. In 1780 was published 
 *' A State of the Expedition from Canada, as laid before the 
 House of Commons by Lieutenant-General Burgoyne, and 
 verified by evidence ; with a collection of authentic documents, 
 and an addition of many circumstances which were prevented 
 from appearing before the House by the prorogation of Parlia- 
 ment, Written and collected by himself, and dedicated to the 
 officers of the army he commanded." 
 
 Though Burgoyne,on his return to England,ceased to hold high 
 military command, he at once assumed prominent political import- 
 ance. He boldly and pertinaciously demanded an investigation 
 and a court martial. He did not hesitate to assail the ministry and 
 to charge his defeat as a sacrifice to their incompetency. He 
 •ever assumed the part of injured innocence j and the opposition, 
 many of the people, and, indeed, some of the parliamentary 
 friends of the ministry, regarded him as a victim of unjust per- 
 secution. Many of our American writers, with an inflation of 
 language that may be denominated spread eagle grandiloquence, 
 have incorrectly assumed that our national independence was 
 solely due to the bravery and devotion of our revolutionary 
 ancestors. Without detracting at all from their self sacrificing 
 
Appendix No, b, 4^5 
 
 patriotism, such a view would seem to be very far from the 
 truth, for we owe our nationality quite as much to the 
 wretched incompetency of Britian's ministers, as to the unflinch- 
 ing valor of our revolutionary patriots. It was one of this class 
 of ministers that thought it necessary to hound Burgoyne into 
 - well nigh military martyrdom, to conceal his own miserable 
 short-comings. Lord George Sackville, whose name was after- 
 wards changed to Germaine, the British Secretary of State for 
 War during the earlier years of our struggle for independence, 
 has almost as strong claims upon our gratitude (though not upon 
 our hearts), for what he stupidly failed to do, as have some 
 of our staunchest patriots for what they actually accomplished. 
 He commanded the British horse at the famous battle of 
 Minden, in 1759, where he acted the craven and disobeyed 
 Prince Ferdinand's order to charge the enemy at a critical 
 moment, for which George II summarily dismissed him f-^om 
 all his offices. The sentence of the court martial, to whic'i he 
 appealed, was, that he be cashiered ; though the influence of the 
 house of Dorset, to which he belonged, mitigated the sentence, 
 so that he was *' declared incapacitated from military employ- 
 ment," and not^ as usually expressed, from any erjployment 
 uncljr the crown, civil or military. By this saving clause a 
 man ignominiously incapable of drawing his sword in his 
 country's behalf, could, to the disgrace of a great nation, serve 
 as her war minister. No greater solecism could have been 
 committed ; and one can easily understand huw any blunder 
 could have been perpetrated by such a minister, even to neglect- 
 ing to send dispatches, the most important, like those to Howe, 
 commanding him to co-operate with Burgoyne. 3 At last, after 
 a protracted correspondence with the government, Burgoyne, 
 
4o6 Appendix No, 6. 
 
 to use his own words, felt himself '^ compelled to lay at his 
 Majesty's feet the appointment to the American staff, the 
 Queen's Regiment of Light Dragoons, and the government of 
 Fort William, the services of more than thirty years, and the 
 reward with which I acknowledged them to have been over- 
 paid by his Majesty and his Royal grandfather. The only com- 
 mission I still humbly request his Majesty's permission to re- 
 serve is that of Lieutenant-General in the army for the purpose 
 of being amenable to a court martial, and of properly fulfilling 
 my parole to Congress""' His resignation was accepted Oct. 
 15, 1779, and in a speech in the House of Commons, Dec. 17, 
 1 78 1, Burgoyne said, " it was rather singular, that of all officers 
 of the convention army he was, at present, the only one who 
 remained unexchanged ; not even a surgeon's mate of that 
 army was now a prisoner ; to be still one, was reserved only for 
 the general of that army. The prisoners at the Cedars had sur- 
 rendered under a capitulation, which the Congress had constantly 
 refused to sign, though he would not say that this refusal was 
 founded in justice. To offer these men, therefore, in exchange 
 for him, was offering nothing, because Congress would not 
 listen to any proposal about them. The order from Congress 
 for him to return to America, had been long known to him ; 
 but if he had not spoken of it before, it was because he would 
 have preferred death in a dungeon in America, to any favour 
 that he should be obliged to solicit from Ministry ; for when 
 they would not do him justice, he could not have expected 
 favours." Lord Geo.'-ge Germaine replied " that when he had 
 said that the Hon. General had been released, he thought 
 he had been speaking on very good grounds, for in a letter from 
 Sir Henry Clinton he had been informed that a proper number 
 
Appendix No, 6. 407 
 
 of men had been offered for the General's release ; and among 
 others, the Cedars prisoners ; and that he made no doubt but 
 Congress would accede to his proposal ; and therefore he took 
 it for granted that by this time the General was released. As 
 to the Cedars prisoners, he really did not remember to have heard 
 of them before as offered to exchange for the Hon. Lieuten- 
 ant General." *• Whether Lord George Germaine was entirely 
 frank in his remarks, and especially as to the prisoners taken at 
 the Cedars, is not free from doubt. Holding such views as 
 Burgoyne did in regard to his exchange, it must have been as 
 welcome to him, coming as it did at last, as it was probably 
 unwelcome to the government. 
 
 Though the exact date of Burgoyne's exchange has not bean 
 ascertained, yet at the time of making the speech just alluded 
 to, it had unquestionably taken place as Lord George Germaine 
 supposed. As two movements for the exchange of Burgoyne 
 were on foot at the same time and have been confused together, 
 mention of both becomes necessary. 
 
 Henry Laurens of South Carolina, formerly president of Con- 
 gress, was captured in October, 1 780, when on his way to 
 Europe as minister to the Netherlands. ** Among his papers," 
 when captured, says Bancroft, " was found the unauthorized 
 project for a treaty, concerted as we have seen between Neuf- 
 ville and William Lee. To Lord Stormont the ' transaction 
 appeared to be the act of individuals,' and the Earl of Hills- 
 borough owned * that the states-general had no knowledge of 
 the treaty, which had never been signed except by private 
 persons.' But the resolution was instantly taken to use the 
 Laurens papers so as to * give the properest direction to the 
 
4o8 Appendix No, 6. 
 
 war.* After an examination at the admiralty before the three 
 secretaries of state, Laurens was escorted through the streets 
 of London by a large guard, and confined as a state's prisoner 
 in the tower, where he was debarred from all intercourse, and 
 from the use of pen and paper, so as to produce upon the public 
 mind a strange and startling sensation." '^ 
 
 April 5th, 1 78 1, the president of Congress wrote to Gen. 
 Washington as follows : — " I have the honor of transmitting to 
 your Excellency the enclosed resolve of the 3d instant, direct- 
 ing the recall of Lieutenant-General Burgoyne, and all other 
 officers, prisoners of war, now absent on their paroles from 
 America, to return immediately. 
 
 " It is proper to inform your Excellency, that this resolution 
 is adopted in consequence of information, that the late Presi- 
 dent Laurens is confined in the Tower of London, as a state 
 criminal, under pretext of his being guilty of treasonable prac- 
 tices. Should this resolution embarrass or impede any measures 
 your Excellency may have adopted relative or preparatory to a 
 general exchange of prisoners, it is taken for granted that you 
 will please to represent the same to Congress, previously to any 
 proceedings for carrying the resolve into execution." Wash- 
 ington sent this reply to the president of Congress. 
 
 '' New Windsor, 16 Aprils 1781. 
 
 " Sir. Previous to the receipt of your letter, I had directed 
 the commissary of prisoners to renew a proposal, which was 
 sometime since made to the enemy, for exchanging General 
 Burgoyne, and a baknce of private prisoners due to us, for 
 the residue of our officers on Long Island, and as many of 
 
Appendix No, 6. 409 
 
 the southern officers as would make up the difference. My 
 motives for this proposal were these. General Burgoyne is 
 said to be in ill health ; his death would deprive us in exchanges 
 of the value of one thousand and forty private men, or officers 
 equivalent, according to the tariff which has been settled. I 
 thought it advisable not to risk so considerable a loss, when his 
 exchange would give relief to a number of our officers in cap- 
 tivity, and disembarrass the public of the inconvenience of 
 maintaining them there. 
 
 " The moment I received your letter I wrote to Mr. Skinner,'* 
 (the commissary general of prisoners) " countermanding his in- 
 structions. I believe the countermand will arrive before he has 
 done anything in the matter ; but if it does not, I am persuaded 
 the enemy will again reject the proposal. As soon as I hear 
 from him, if things are situated as I expect, I will execute 
 immediately the order for the recall of General Burgoyne. To 
 the best of my recollection, all the officers in Europe on 
 parole have been exchanged. I have the honor to be, &c." ** 
 
 Notice of the above requisition of Congress was accordingly 
 sent to Sir Henry Clinton with the request that the necessary 
 steps might be taken for a speedy compliance with it ; but 
 Washington's letter wrought a change in the views of Congress, 
 hence, on April 23d, it rescinded its former vote ; and General 
 Clinton was then requested to countermand the order if it had 
 already been transmitted to England."*' 
 
 Congress, and especially Laurens' brother Carolinians, were 
 
 desirous of effecting the release of their late president, and on 
 
 June 14, 1 78 1, that body voted, by 26 to 6, on motion of Mr. 
 
 Matthews of South Carolina, seconded by Mr. Sharpe of North 
 
 52 
 
410 Appendix No. 6. 
 
 Carolina, " That the minister plenipotentiary of these United 
 States at the court of Versailles, be authorized and empowered 
 to offer lieutenant-general Burgoyne in exchange for the hon. 
 Henry Laurens."** 
 
 In August, 1781, Edmund Burke wrote from London to 
 Dr. Franklin in France, as follows : " I have lately been in- 
 formed with great certainty, and with no less surprise, that the 
 congress have made an application for the return of my friend 
 General Burgoyne to captivity in America, at a time when the 
 exchange of almost all the rest of the convention officers has 
 been completed. It is true that this requisition has been for 
 the present withdrawn : but then it may be renewed at every 
 instant ; and no arrangement has been made or proposed, which 
 may prevent a thing, on all accounts so very disagreeable, as 
 to see the most opposite interests conspiring in tbc persecution 
 of a man, formed, by the unparalleled candour and moderation 
 of his mind, to unite the most discordant parties in his favour. 
 
 ** I own this proceeding of the congress fills me with aston- 
 ishment. I am persuaded that some unusually artful manage- 
 ment, or very unexampled delusion, has operated to produce an 
 effect which cannot be accounted for on any of the ordinary 
 principles of nature or of policy. 
 
 " I shall not enter into the particulars of the convention 
 under which this claim is made, nor into the construction of it, 
 nor the execution. I am not, perhaps, capable of doing justice 
 to the merits of the cause ; and if I were, I am not disposed to 
 put them upon any ground of argument, because (whatever 
 others might and possibly ought to do) I am not pleading a 
 
Appendix No, b, 4.11 
 
 point of strict right, but appealing to your known principles of 
 honour and generosity, with the freedom and privileges of an 
 old friendship ; and as I suppose you perfectly acquainted with 
 the whole history of the extraordinary treatment General Bur- 
 goyne has met with, I am resolved not to show so much dis- 
 trust in so sound a memory and so good a judgment as yours, as 
 to attempt to refresh the one or to lead the other. 
 
 " I am ready to admit that General Burgoyne has been, and 
 (as far as what is left him will suffer) is a very affectionate and 
 a very jealous servant of the crown ; and that in America he 
 acted as an officer of the king (so long as fortune favoured him) 
 with great abilities, and distinguished fidelity, activity, and 
 spirit. You, my dear sir, who have made such astonishing 
 exertions in the cause which you espouse, and are so deeply 
 read in human nature and in human morals, know better 
 than anybody, that men will and that sometimes they are bound 
 to take, very different views and measures of their duty from 
 local and from professional situation ; and that we may all have 
 equal merit in extremely different lines of conduct. You know 
 that others may deserve the whole of your admiration in a 
 cause, in which your judgment leads you to oppose them. 
 But whatever may be your opinions on the origin of this fataJ 
 war, I assure you, General Burgoyne has the merit of never 
 having driven it on with violence, or fostered or kept it alive by 
 any evil arts, or aggravated its natural mischiefs by unnecessa'ry 
 rigour j but has behaved on all occasions with that temper 
 which becomes a creat military character, which loves nothing 
 so well in the profession, as the means it so frequently fur- 
 nishes of splendid acts of generosity and humanity. 
 
4-12 Appendix No, 6. 
 
 '* You have heard of the sacrifices he has made to his nice 
 sense of honour, on this side of the water \ — sacrifices far 
 beyond the just demands of the principle to which they were 
 made. This has been no advantage to the country where he 
 was piqued to it. Shall America, too, call for sacrifices that 
 are still more severe, and of full as little advantage to those who 
 demand them ?"•* 
 
 Franklin sent Burke this reply. 
 
 **Passy, 15 October^ 1781. 
 " Sir, I received but a few days ago your very friendly 
 letter of August last, on the subject of General Burgoyne. 
 
 '* Since the foolish part of mankind will make wars from 
 time to time, with each other, not having sense enough other- 
 wise to settle their differences, it certainly becomes the wiser 
 part, who cannot prevent these wars, to alleviate as much as 
 possible the calamities attending them. Mr. Burke always stood 
 high in my esteem ; but his affectionate concern for his friend 
 renders him still more aimiable, and makes the honor he does 
 oie of admitting me of the number, stiil more precious. 
 
 ** I do not think the Congress have any wish to persecute 
 General Burgoyne. I never heard, till I received your letter, 
 that they had recalled him ; if they have made such a resolu- 
 tion, it must be, I suppose, a conditional one, to take place in 
 case their offer ot exchanging him for Mr. Laurens should not 
 be accepted ; a resolution intended merely to enforce that offer. 
 
 ** I have just received an authentic copy of the resolve con- 
 taining that offer ; and authorizing me to make it. As I have 
 no communication with your ministers, I send it enclosed to 
 
Appendix No, 6. 413 
 
 you. If you can find any means of negotiating this business, 
 I am sure the restoring another worthy man to his family and 
 frienus will be an addition to your pleasure. With great and 
 invariable respect and affection, I am, Sir, your most obedient 
 and most humble servant. 
 
 B. Franklin. "■» 
 
 The ignorance of Congress of the feelings the British ministry 
 entertained towards Burgoyne as exhibited by offering him in 
 exchange for Laurens, is clearly shown by the following ex- 
 tracts frt)m two of Edmund Burke's letters to Mons. Bour- 
 dicu, written in Dec, 1781. "I confess," wrote Burke, '* I 
 was extremely surprised at the proposal of that specific ex- 
 change by congress, as a means of obtaining the release of Mr. 
 Laurens. Hdd I attempted to act on that plan, before the 
 late event in America,*' (the surrender of Lord Cornwallis), 
 " I should infallibly have double-locked the gates of the Tower 
 on that gentleman. The ministers have long wished with as 
 much earnestness to send General Burgoyne into captivity, as 
 the congress could desire to free their late worthy president 
 from his present restraint ; and they would have the more 
 obstinately persevered in their strictness with regard to him, in 
 order to double their triumph, by making congress itself their 
 instrument in imprisoning the man they meant to free, and con- 
 fining the man these ministers meant to confine. I suppose 
 Mr. Laurens knows that the ministers had ordered General 
 Burgoyne into captivity previously to any requisition whatso- 
 ever ; and that General Burgoyne, from a sense of that un- 
 paralleled indignity, had thrown up all his valuable military 
 employments."'* Again Burke wrote a fortnight later: — 
 '* On the whole of this transaction as it stands, I am obliged to 
 
414- appendix No, 6. 
 
 suppose that a negative is put upon the exchange, and that 1 
 am charged and defied to produce any instance of ill-tieatment 
 which Mr. Laurens has received. Notwithstinding the change 
 in the circumstances of public affairs, ministers seem to me to 
 adhere, with as much obstinacy as ever, to their betraying and 
 ruining those who have had the indiscretion or the misfortune of 
 acting under them, and who are not willing to sacrihce their 
 honour, by bearing with a degenerate patience the blame of their 
 mismanagements. Their unwillingness to consent to this ex- 
 change, I must fairly say, does not arise from anv particular 
 animosity to Mr. Laurens, whom, (since they despair of an- 
 swering any purpose in their politics, by making him an object 
 of judicial proceeding,) they do not wish, I believe, any longer 
 to persecute. There are two causes for it, as I apprehended, — 
 the first, their implacable enmity to General Burgoyne, for his 
 having discountenanced the delusions by which they proposed 
 to carry on the American war, the principal of which consisted 
 in the representation of the numbers and zeal of those who ad- 
 hered to the royal cause, in opposition to the republican 
 governments which have been newly set up, and the smal'ness 
 of the numbers and pusillanimity of character of those who 
 supported those governments. General Burgoyne, in the inquiry 
 to which he forced them to submit in the House of Commons, 
 has done more than anybody towards detecting these im- 
 postures, among all those who have not been paid for still pre- 
 tending a belief in them. The next, is in the desire of keeping 
 open this exchange in favour of some general officer, who may 
 choose to merit their countenance and protection by a prudent 
 silence upon those delicate topics. This is the true spirit of the 
 transaction so far as it relates to General Burgoyne.*"' 
 
Appendix No. 6. 415 
 
 In acknowledging Franklin's letter of Oct. 15th, in the latter 
 part of December, 1781, Burke used this language ; — " I am to 
 tell you then, that I was honoured with yours of the 15th of 
 October ; but it did not come to my hands till more than a 
 month after it was written. I only waited to communicate 
 the contents to the gentlemen concerned, and then opened my 
 treaty with the ministers. I was not so fortunate as, in reason, 
 I ouj/,ht to have expected. All men are not of the description, 
 or of the sentiments, which you have mentioned in your letter. 
 The animosity against General Burgoyne continues. Mr. 
 Laurens is still in the Tower. I hope the former will find a 
 better resource in the magnanimity of a generous enemy, than 
 in the justice of those under whose direction he was brought 
 into a situation which makes such a resource necessary. * * * 
 The reason alleged for refusing that exchange voted by 
 Congress was, that they had apprehended General Burgoyne 
 was already exchanged for a thousand soldiers. It was to no 
 purpose that I pleaded the utter impossibility of that fact. 
 Congress had made a vote in favour of Mr. Laurens, and they 
 would never act in a manner repugnant to their own honot , 
 as well as so cruelly and treacherously by their late president, 
 as to falsify their own vote for his release. At that time they 
 had no officer of rank in their hands. It was, in confirmation 
 of this idea, represented that no such exchange for soldiers had 
 taken place, months after the vote, when Sir Henry Clinton 
 was off the Chesapeake. As to the exchange for soldiers, the 
 Ccdres were always included in the men. It was represented 
 
 to them, that had always made the offer when General 
 
 Burgoyne was concerned ; because they knew these prisoners 
 had always been refused in account, and we:^ sensible that they 
 
4i6 ' Appendix No, 6. 
 
 had taken efFectual means that no such exchange should ever 
 be made." 3° 
 
 Notwithstanding Lord George Germaine's reply to Burgoyne 
 in parliament, Burke undoubteuly struck the true reason for the 
 British ministry's willingness to exchange Burgoyne for his 
 equivalent in privates, provided the American prisoners taken 
 at the Cedars were included in the number ; for, as Congress 
 had refused since 1776 to receive those prisoners in exchange, 
 the ministry, not desiring at heart to effect Burgoyne's release, 
 confidently relied upon Congress remaining steadfast to the end 
 in the course it had adhered to for more than five years. For 
 an account of the affair at the Cedars the reader is referred to 
 the sketch of Major George Forster, ante page 99, note. Not- 
 withstanding Burke's scouting the idea that Congress, having 
 once offered Burgoyne for Laurens, would not consent to the 
 former's exchange until the latter was liberated, the reason 
 alleged by Lord George Germaine for refusing the Burgoyne- 
 Laurens exchange, viz., the apprehension of the ministers that 
 Burgoyne had already been exchanged, had a foundation in 
 fact, as shown by the following letter from Gen. Washington 
 to the president of Congress, and the congressional action 
 thereon. 
 
 "Head-Quarters, Dobbs's Ferry, 8 August, 1781. 
 
 " Sir, I do myself the honor to inform Congress, through 
 your Excellency, that, at a late meeting between the American 
 and British commissaries of prisoners, it has been proposed by 
 the latter to go into a full exchange of Lieutenant-General 
 Burgoyne and all the remaining officers of convention (by 
 
Appendix No. 6. 417 
 
 composition where rank will not apply) for the remainder of 
 our officers in this quarter, and after them for those taken at 
 the southward. One of the terms insisted upon is, that the 
 prisoners surrendered by the capitulation of the Cedars, to the 
 amount of four hundred and forty-three, shall be allowed. 
 
 " I have not thought myself at liberty to accede to these 
 proposals without the concurrence of Congress, for the follow- 
 ing reasons; that I imagine our minister at the court of 
 Versailles has been already directed to propose the exchange 
 of Lieutenant- General Burgoyne for the Honorable Mr. 
 Laurens ; that I do not know whether it would be agreeable 
 to Congress to release the whole of the convention officers, 
 before they have obtained a settlement for the subsistence of 
 those troops ; and lastly because the refusal of the ratification 
 of the convention of the Cedars has never been repealed. 
 
 ** I would beg leave to remark on the two last, that the ex- 
 change of our full colonels can never be obtained but by com- 
 position, and that it is better to effect this by a composition for 
 inferior officers than for men, because the enemy gain no re- 
 inforcement by such a mode. To relieve the full colonels in 
 this quarter only, who, all but one, have been prisoners since 
 '777' would take seven hundred privates. Should the security 
 for the convention debt still be urged, I would answer, that 
 we may perhaps deceive ourselves in supposing that the balance 
 upon a general settlement, for the subsistence of all prisoners 
 since the commencement of the war, will be much in our 
 favor. I am inclined to think we shall find it the contrary, 
 and owing to this, namely, that the British have constantly 
 kept their accounts with accuracy and have vouchers ready to 
 
 53 
 
41 8 Appendix No, 6. 
 
 support them. We, on the other hand, shall be found very 
 deficient on that score ; indeed, I fear almost totally so, except 
 in the instance of the convention troops and prisoners of war 
 latterly. ; 
 
 '* Congress will judge of the expediency of repealing their 
 act respecting the convention of the Cedars upon the present 
 occasion. Mr. Skinner, the commissary-general of prisoners, 
 will have the honor of delivering this to your Excellency. I 
 shall be obliged by an answer to the several points contained 
 in it, at his return, that I may instruct him accordingly. 
 "I have the honor to be, &c." 3' 
 
 Washington's letter was referred to a committee of Congress, 
 and the Journals of that body for August 2ist, 1 781, contain 
 the following entry. " The report of a committee, consisting 
 of Mr. Boudinot, Mr. Varnum, Mr. Sherman, to whom was re- 
 ferred a letter of the 8tn, from general Washington, was taken 
 into consideration; wherein the committee state, ^that at a 
 meeting of the commissaries of prisoners for both parties, at 
 Germantown, in the month of June, 1778, a demand was 
 made by the American commissary for payment of a number 
 of Canadian officers, taken at St. John's and Chamblee, and 
 sent into the British lines in 1776. The British commissary 
 at the same time demanding an allowance for 440 American 
 prisoners taken at the Cedars, and returned on parole : that it 
 was then agreed between the said commissaries that both these 
 demands should rest, one against the other, till the British com- 
 missary should obtain a certificate ; ' whereupon, 
 
 " Resolved^ That the commander in chief be, and he is 
 hereby authorized, to go into a full exchange of lieutenant- 
 
Appendix No, 6. 419 
 
 general Burgoyne, and all the remaining officers of the conven- 
 tion of Saratoga, with the enemy, in such manner as to him 
 shall appear most conducive to the general interests of the 
 United States. 
 
 *' Resolved^ That the prisoners taken by the enemy at the 
 Cedars, may be considered as subjects of exchange, notwith- 
 standing any former resolutions of Congress to the contrary ; 
 and that the commander in chief be, and hereby is instructed 
 to charge in the intended exchange, the several officers taken 
 in Canada, and whose ranks were disputed by the enemy and 
 engaged by their commissary to be settled and adjusted in 
 manner aforesaid, according to the ranks mentioned in their 
 paroles, unless the enemy produce sufficient proof of a different 
 rank." 
 
 The following day, August 22d, Congress further 
 " Resolved^ That in case general Burgoyne shall have oeen 
 exchanged for the hon. Henry Laurens, credit shall be given 
 for the officers which may be received for him in the general 
 exchange, authorized by the resolution of the 2ist."3» 
 
 It was under the congressional authority of August 21, 
 1 78 1, that Burgoyne was exchanged, though the exact date of 
 the exchange is not known. From Burgoyne's speech in the 
 House of Commons, Dec. 17, 1781, before alluded to, and the 
 reason given to Burke, in the same month, by the British 
 ministry, for refusing Burgoyne for Laurens, viz., the belief 
 that Burgoyne had already been exchanged, — it is not unlikely 
 that the enmity of the North administration to Burgoyne caused 
 it to withhold from him formal notice of his exchange. Lord 
 North resigned March 20, 1782, and two days later his ministry 
 
 SSsmve^g" 
 
4-20 Appendix No. 6. 
 
 was succeeded by the Rockingham administration, which con- 
 tained a number of Burgoyne'? friends, Burke among the 
 number ; and then certainly, even if not earlier, his exchange 
 became known to him ; and on the i6th of the next month 
 he was appointed commander-in-chief of the forces in Ireland, 
 as well as a privy councillor there, which positions he held 
 until Jan., 1784.3-33 
 
 The Earl Fitzwilliam and Sir Richard Bourke, the editors 
 of Edmund Burke's works (Rivirgton's edition, 1852;, are 
 certainly in error where they say in a note on page 466 of vol. 
 I, — "To the exertions of Mr. Burke in this matter, may be 
 attributed the exchange of General Burgoyne for xVlr. Henry 
 Laurens," &c. On August 2d, 1782, Sir Guy Carleton and 
 Admiral Digby, the British military and naval commanders 
 then in New York, wrote a letter to Gen. Washington, in 
 which were these sentences. " With respect to Mr. Laurens, 
 we are to acquaint you, that he has been enlarged and dis- 
 charged trom all engagements without any conditions what- 
 ever i after which he declared of his own accord, that he 
 considered Lord Cornwallis as freed from his parole. Upon 
 this point we are to desire your Excellency's sentiments, or 
 those of Congress." 3* This caused Washington to write to 
 the secretaiy ot war under date ot August 18, 1782, as 
 follows : — '' i have had the pleasure ot receiving your private 
 letter ot the 1 2th instant. I cannot but think the conduct re- 
 specting the release of Lord Cornwallis very extraordinary. 
 Is it reasonable that Mr. Laurens should be at lull liberty, and 
 acting as a commissioner in Europe, while Lord Cornwallis, 
 for whose liberation he pledged his own honor, and consequently 
 AS a public man that of the States, is held bound by his parole ? 
 
appendix No. 6. 4.21 
 
 Either disavow the propriety of Mr. Laurens's conduct, and 
 let him be remanded by the British ministry, or set Lord 
 Cornwaliis at equal liberty. I am placed in a very delicate 
 situation. Sir Guy Carleton has given me official information 
 of the transaction, and has called for a confirmation of Mr. 
 Laurens's act. I have referred the matter to the proper place, 
 and I can obtain no answer. In my letters to General Carleton 
 I am obliged to be for the present silent, but I certainly must 
 expect to hear from him again. Do, my good Sir, endeavour 
 to obtain a decision upon this matter." The letter from Sir 
 Guy Carleton and Admiral Digby to General Washington was 
 referred by Congress to a committee, who *' proposed and re- 
 ported, that the General should be directed to empower his 
 commissioners " [for negotiating a cartel] " to release Earl 
 Cornwaliis from his parole in return for the indulgence granted 
 to Mr. Laurens ; but Mr. Rutledge, one of the committee, in- 
 veighed against this with so much warmth and indignation, 
 that it was rejected with a loud and general No from all parts 
 of the House " 35 
 
 Events on the other side of the Atlantic had already oc- 
 curred, of which, however, Congress seem to have been 
 ignorant when it passed its vote in August, just alluded to. Dr. 
 Franklin wrote from Passy, in France, June 28, 1 781, to 
 Robert R. Livingston, as follows : " In mine of the 25th 
 instant, I omitted mentioning, that, at the repeated, earnest 
 instances of Mr. Laurens, who had given such expectations to 
 the ministry in England, when his parole or securities were 
 discharged, as that he could not think himself at liberty to act 
 in public affairs, till the parole of Lord Cornwaliis was ab- 
 solved by me in exchange, I sent to that general the paper, of 
 
422 Appendix No. 6. 
 
 which the enclosed is a copy ; and I see by the English papers, 
 that his Lordship, immediately on the receipt of it, appeared at 
 court, and has taken his seat in the House of Peers, which he 
 did not before think was warrantable. My authority for doing 
 this appeared questionable to myself; but Mr. Laurens judged 
 it deducible from that respecting General Burgoyne, and, by 
 his letters to me, seemed so unhappy, till it was done, that I 
 ventured it, with a clause, however, as you will see, reservinfi; 
 to Congress the approbation or disallowance of it." The 
 following is the paper alluded to in the letter. 
 
 " The discharge of Lord Cornwallis from his Parole. 
 
 ^* The Congress having, by a resolution of the 14th of June 
 last, empowered me to offer an exchange of General Bur- 
 goyne for the Honorable Henry Laurens, then a prisoner in the 
 Tower of London, and whose liberty they much desire to 
 obtain, which exchange, though proposed by me, according to 
 the said resolution, had not been accepted or executed, when 
 advice was received, that General Burgoyne was exchanged in 
 virtue of another agreement; and Mr. Laurens thereupon 
 having proposed another lieutenant-general, viz., Lord Corn- 
 wallis, as an exchange for himself, promising, that, if set at 
 liberty, he would do his utmost to obtain a confirmation of that 
 proposal ; and Mr. Laurens being soon after discharged, and 
 having since urged me earnestly, in several letters, to join with 
 him in absolving the parole of that general, which appears to 
 be a thing just and equitable in itself; and for the honor there- 
 fore of our country, I do hereby, as far as in my power lies, in 
 virtue of the above resolution, or otherwise, absolve and dis- 
 
Appendix No. 6. 423 
 
 charge the parole of Lord Cornwallis, given by him in Virginia ; 
 setting him at entire liberty to act in his civil or military capacity, 
 until the pleasure of Congress shall be known, to whom is 
 reserved the confirmation or disapprobation of this discharge, in 
 case they have made, or shall intend to make, a different dis- 
 position. 
 
 " Given at Passy, this 9th day of June, 1782. 
 
 " B. Franklin, 
 " Minister Plenipotentiary from the United States 
 of America to the Court of France "^^ 
 
 We cannot find that Congress ever took any action upon 
 Franklin's discharge of Cornwallis ; and non-repudiation was 
 accepted as a confirmation, especially as the fast approaching 
 steps towards peace divested the matter of all interest and im- 
 portance. 
 
 Before leaving this matter of Burgoyne's exchange, which 
 has been gone into thus fully from its having been so obscure 
 and confused, it may not be amiss to allude to the subsistence 
 of prisoners, referred to in some of the communications. Gen. 
 Washington used this language in a letter to Sir Guy Carleton. 
 
 " Head Quarters, 2 October^ 1782. 
 " Sir. 
 
 " Your Excellency will have been informed by your com- 
 missioners, of the causes which obstructed their poceeding 
 upon business at the late meeting at Tappan. The com- 
 missioners on the part of the United States laid before 
 those appointed by your Excellency and Admiral Digby, 
 
424- 
 
 Appendix No. 6. 
 
 a remonstrance, on the subject of the immense expense arising 
 from the support of so great a number of British prisoners as 
 we now have in our possession, without any present compensa- 
 tion or proper security for the payment hereafter. This remon- 
 strance your commissioners did not think themselves at liberty 
 to accept. I am, therefore, under the necessity of furnishing 
 your Excellency with a copy of it, and of assuring you, agreea- 
 bly to my instructions, from the honorable the Congress of the 
 United States, ' that, if this, like former representations, should 
 produce no effect, it will be high time to take measures, how- 
 ever disagreeable, for diminishing a burthen which is become 
 intolerable,' 
 
 " I have the honor to be," &c. 
 
 Carleton's reply, dated New York, Oct. 25, 1782, was, in 
 part, as follows: *' I am much at a loss how to answer the 
 declarations of Congress communicated to me by your Excel- 
 lency's letter of the 2d instant, nor do I fully comprehend their 
 import. I understand, that the practice has been for nations 
 at war to provide at the conclusion of a peace for the liquidation 
 of all demands, made reciprocally for the maintenance of 
 prisoners ; at which time the whole has either been compen- 
 diously settled, or further time given to collect an account of 
 expenses of maintenance from all parts where they have been 
 incurred ; but we. Sir, on our part can have no objection to 
 appoint commissaries at this period for the purpose of liquida- 
 tion, if Congress earnestly desire that such liquidation shall be 
 so prematurely made, but it has not been usual I think since the 
 barbarous ages to use any menaces, however obscure, towards 
 prisoners, and still less to practice towards them any barbarity." " 
 
Appendix No, 6. 425 
 
 It seems from the foregoing, that, at the time of the Revolu- 
 tion, prisoners were either bound to provide for themselves, or 
 their government for them, and that the United States were for 
 having prompt settlements for subsistence, which is what was 
 referred to in regard to Burgoyne. 
 
 The notoriety Burgoyne attained in the political world is 
 well illustrated by an extract from a letter from Birmingham, 
 dated Aug. 17, 1778, printed in the London Chronicle for Aug. 
 15-18, in that year. The letter proceeds as follows : "On 
 Monday last," (Aug. 10, 1778) "in the afternoon, arrived here 
 from Bath, on his way to his seat in Lancashire, attended by 
 two servants only. Lieutenant-general Burgoyne. His arrival 
 was no sooner known, than the bells began ringing, and a great 
 number of people assembled before the Swan inn where the 
 General had stopped ; after some little refreshment, he pro- 
 ceeded to New-Hall-street, to view Clay's Paper Manufactory 
 there ; by which time the spectators were become very numer- 
 ous, both in the street, and at the windows of the houses there- 
 in, who all discovered an uncommon propensity to see this 
 unfortunate commander, whose conduct in America, had been 
 the subject of universal conversation in the political world. 
 The General after viewing the manufactory, came to the door, 
 and was received with loud acclamations, which he politely re- 
 turned by bowing ; then getting into his carriage, he pursued 
 his journey to Soho, (where he spent a considerable time) amidst 
 reiterated shouts of the populace, who seemed happy in the in- 
 dulgence of their curiosity." 
 
 On the 7th of June, 1782, Burgoyne was commissioned 
 colonel of the 4th, or Kings's Own Regiment of Foot ; ' and 
 
 54 
 
426 Appendix No. 6. 
 
 in April of the next year he was notified of his appointment as 
 colonel of the 8th Dragoons ; but as the colonel of that regiment 
 did not die as expected, Burgoyne's succession did not in fact 
 occur.3 During; the eight years of life remaining to him, after 
 resigning as commander in-chief of the forces in Ireland, Bur- 
 goyne constantly attended at the House of Commons, and upon 
 the impeachment of Warren Hastings, was put upon the com- 
 mittee of managers.3.9 
 
 In the summer of 1792, he was seized with a sudden attack 
 of gout which soon terminated his life, as he died at his house 
 in Hertford Street, London, Aug. 4th of that year.^^ In ac- 
 cordance with his request his remains were privately buried in 
 the cloisters of Westminister Abbey beside those of his wife 
 and daughter." 
 
 Some years after his wife's death Gen. Burgoyne formed a 
 connection with Miss Susan Caulfield, a professional singer of 
 some repute, who lived with him during the remainder of his 
 life ; and by her he had four children, all born out of wed- 
 lock, of whom the late Field Marshal Sir John Burgoyne was 
 the eldest. In Gen. Burgoyne's will, made in Dublin while 
 he was commander-in-chief in Ireland, he acknowledged his 
 children and made provision for their future by leaving the in- 
 terest of £4,000 to their mother for life, the principal to be 
 equally divided among the children at her death. The eldest 
 son, John, was baptized in the parish church of St, Anne's, 
 Soho, on the 15th of August, 1782, under the names of John 
 Fox Burgoyne ; Charles James Fox, the celebrated statesman, 
 and his father's intimate friend, acting as sponsor for him on 
 the occasion. As at Gen. Burgoyne's death the proceeds of 
 
Appendix No. 6. 427 
 
 his property barely sufficed to defray the debts he left behind 
 him» his intentions in regard to his family proved unavailing i 
 and their lot must have been one of penury had it not been 
 for the interposition of Lord Derby, Burgoyne's wife's nephew, 
 who removed the children from the custody of the mother and 
 took upon himself their entire maintenance and education. 
 The children were removed by Lord Derby to "the Oaks/' 
 near Epsom, a place which had formerly belonged to Burgoyne 
 and which had been sold by him to Lord Derby, after the loss 
 of all his appointments in 1778. A fete given by Gen. Bur- 
 goyne in June, 1774, at " the Oaks," on the occasion of the 
 marriage of this very Lord Derby with Lady Bettv Hamil- 
 ton, only daughter of the Duke of Hamilton and Bran- 
 don, was the oriojn of his drama of " The Maid of the Oaks." 
 This Lord Derby was Edward, twelfth Earl of Derby, who 
 succeeded his grandfather to the earldom in 1776, and who is 
 chiefly known to posterity as a distinguished patron of the turf 
 and the founder of the two great races at Epsom, which bear 
 respectively the names of his title, and place of residence. Six 
 weeks after the death of hi;; wife, in 1797, with whom he lived 
 unhappily, and from whom he had separated, he married Miss 
 Farren, the celebrated actress, with whom he became deeply 
 enamored during the life of his wife. Burgoyne's descendants 
 have filled many high and honorable positions in both the British 
 army and navy, and several of them are still living.39 
 
 Burgoyne possessed considerable literary taste, and his dra- 
 matic and poetic works were collected in 1808, and printed in 
 two volumes. The most popular of his dramatic compositions 
 was his comedy of The Heiress, written at Knowsley in 1785, 
 and performed at Drury Lane in 1786. It was acted for 
 
4-2 8 Appendix No, 7. 
 
 thirty nights during its first season, ran through ten editions in 
 one year, was tra.iblated into four foreign languages, and acted 
 upon the French and German stage/° 
 
 Burgoyne's life was essentially a disappointed one. His 
 greatest military effort ended in disaster, and unlike that other 
 British commander that lost an army in America, the Mar- 
 quis Cornwallis, no opportunity to efface the recollection of 
 defeat in the brilliancy of his after career, was ever afforded 
 him. Though his lawful wife was a daughter of one of the 
 most noble and influential families in England, yet no child of 
 hers survived h"m, and the offspring of his mistress, alone per- 
 petuates his name. The very splendor of the careers of some 
 of his descendants must at times have keenly reminded them of 
 the blemish on their lineage. Strangely made up must have 
 been that man, who, a father of illegitimate children, denying 
 lawful wedlock to their mother, could deliberately insert in his 
 will, . s did Burgoyne, such words as these : — "It has been a 
 comfort to me to hope that my sensualities have never injured 
 nor interrupted the peace of others." 
 
 No memorial now marks his grave, and the precise spot is 
 unknown.3 ['B. R. "M. S. 450. 3B. K. *U. S. 331 // 
 post. m. S. 413. «E. V. 82. ^B. H. 8A. M. n. V. 
 •°G. T. Nos. 33 and 34. "K. C. 13, 66. '»H. F. 318, 334. 
 '3j. H. "»H. F. 551. 'sM. S 404,422. '^H G. 388: J. I. 
 •7C. E. E. 407,412. '^E. W. W. 46. -sM. T. 303, 304. 
 •°H. G. 166. ="H. L. 444, 445 : B. K. 386. "H. P. 582. 
 •3A. L. 433. '^M. P. P. 15. "^C. F. F*; 99. '6B. T. T. 
 467. '7D. K. K. 84. '8B. T. T. 478. »9B. T. T. 481. 
 
 3°B. T. T. 483. 3'M. P. P. 125. 3aC. F. F. 135. 33A. U. 
 
Appendix No, 7. 429 
 
 345. 34M. p. p. 540. 35M. P. P. 333, 334, note. 3fiD. K. 
 K. 346, 327. 37M. P. P. 352, 541. 38D. Z. Z. 771. »M. 
 X. 2-5. ""B. K : B. L.] 
 
 NO. 7. 
 Sir Guy Carleton, 
 
 Afterwards Lord Dorchester. 
 
 / 
 
 The family of Carleton is very old. Guy Carleton was 
 
 the third son of Christopher Carleton, of Newry, County 
 
 Down, Ireland, by his wife, Catherine, daughter of Henry 
 
 Ball, and was born at Strabane, Ireland, Sept. 3, 1724.' 
 
 He began his military career in the Guards at an early age, and 
 
 was promoted to a lieutenancy in the First Foot Guards July 
 
 22, 1751, and to a captain-lieutenancy therein June 18, 1757; 
 
 which last promotion gave him the rank of lieutenant-colonel 
 
 in the army." In the campaign in Germany in 1757, he acted 
 
 as aid to the Duke of Cumberland3 ; and in 1758 he embarked 
 
 with Gen. Amherst tor the siege of Louisbourg, where his 
 
 active exertions obtained him considerable credit.'' On the 
 
 24th of August, 1758, he was made the li>?ut. -colonel of the 
 
 72d Foot.' The next year, when Gen. Wolfe was officering 
 
 his expedition against Quebec, he selected Lieut. -Colonel 
 
 Carleton for his quarter master general ; but as this officer had 
 
 given offence to the king, the appointment was secured only 
 
 through the persistence of the Earl of Chatham, then Mr. 
 
 Pitt. The anecdote is told at length in Beatson's Naval and 
 
f 
 430 Appendix No, 7. 
 
 Military Memoirs, vol. in, 226, nofe 142. At the same time 
 Lieut. -Colonel Carleton was likewise appointed a colonel in 
 America only.' On Wolfe's expedition he rendered important 
 services and was singled out as a proper officer to be detached 
 with an adequate force to secure a post on the western point 
 of the Isle d'Orleans, a service which he effectually performed. 
 Sometime after he was again detached to dislodge the French 
 from Point au>Tremp«, twenty miles distant from Quebec, 
 where he was equally successful^ j and at the battle on the 
 Heights of Abraham, Sept. 13, 1759, he was wounded, li,- 
 ceiving a ball in the head, which, it was feared, had fractured 
 his skull.* He took part in the battle of St. Foy, April 28, 
 1760, and continued to serve in Canada for some time under 
 Gen. Murray.' 
 
 On the expedition against Belle Isle, on the coast of France, 
 he acied as one of the brigadier generals ; and Gen. Hodgson, 
 who commanded, gave him flattering mention in the official 
 dispatches. ■♦ Feb. 19, 1762, he became a colonel in the army' ; 
 and he soon after embarked for the siege of Havannah, in 
 which expedition he acted as the quarter master general of the 
 British force under the Earl of Albemarle.^ On the loth of 
 the following June he was detached from the camp into the 
 woods between Coximar and the Moro, with a body of light 
 infantry and grenadiers, and on the nth he carried the Spanish 
 redoubt upon Moro Hill, est:iblishing a post there. His 
 success cost him a wound, for which, however, the brilliant 
 reputation and the ample share of prize money he gained were 
 doubtless sufficient compensation.* In 1763, he was com- 
 missioned as the colonel of the 93d Foot, but soon after the 
 peace of that year his regiment *yas reduced and he went upon 
 
Appendix No, 7. 431 
 
 half-pay." Sept. 24, 1766, he was made the lieut. -governor 
 of Q'-'.ehec, and when it was determined that the governor, 
 Lieut -Gen. James Murray, should not return, Lieut. -Gov. 
 Carleton was promoted to be governor, Oct. 26, I768.'*" ' 
 Oct. 3, 1766, he received the local rank of brigadier in North 
 America ; April 2, 1772, he became the colonel of the 47th 
 Foot ; and on the 25th of the following May a major-general." 
 
 During the agitations in America preceding the actual out- 
 break of the Revolutionary war, the British ministry called on 
 Gen. Carleton for advice,'° and a writer in the Annual Register 
 states that " it is supposed that it was upon his suggestion they 
 brought forward the celebrated Quebec bill. During the agita- 
 tion of this measure in the House of Commons, he was ex- 
 amined at the bar, and his evidence satisfying both sides of the 
 House of the expediency of the measure, it tended, of course, 
 to accelerate its adoption."^ Upon the passage of the Quebec 
 Act, Gen. Carleton at once repaired to his province, arriving at 
 Quebec, Sept. 18, 1774, in the ship Canadian, with his wife 
 and children." He was received with great rejoicing, and several 
 addresses of congratulation were presented to him.'* After 
 the Americans surprised Ticonderoga and Crown Point he 
 formed a plan for the recovery of those posts, but, for want of 
 British troops and the cordial co-operation of the Canadians, his 
 design failed. When, later in 1775, Gen. Montgomery in- 
 vaded Canada, Gen. Carleton's energies were taxed to the 
 utmost. For the defence of his whole province he had but a 
 handful of British regulars ; while the fidelity of the British in- 
 habitants was anything but assured.* He attempted to relieve 
 St. John's but was defeated in the attempt. When Montreal 
 fell into the hands of the Americans he escaped capture only by 
 
4-32 Appendix No, 7. 
 
 fleeing down the river at night in a birch bark canoe accom- 
 panied by the boatmen and his aids-de-camp.'3 His unceasing 
 activity in rousing the inhabitants, and his unshaken resolution, 
 alone preserved the capital ; and the baffled Americans, after 
 losing their brave commander, lingered through the winter in 
 Canada, only to be driven out of the province the following 
 spring upon the arrival of reinforcements from England.** '♦ 
 Gen. Carleton's humane treatment of American prisoners did 
 much to mitigate the horrors of war ; and had all the British 
 commanders in America adopted his wise moderation, the 
 achievement of American independence would have been a 
 much more difficult undertaking than it was. 
 
 Jan. I, 1776, when the military appointments for America 
 incident to the war were made, Gen. Carleton was commis- 
 sioned a genera] in America only.' His services in defending 
 his province, and especially its capital, obtained recognition by 
 his being appointed a Knight of the Bath, July 6, 1776." 
 Upon the defeat of Benedict Arnold's flotilla on Lake Cham- 
 plain in Oct., 1776, Carleton occupied Crown Point, which 
 the Americans had abandoned : deterred, however, by the late- 
 ness of the season he did not push on to Ticonderoga, but 
 returned to Canada Nov. 3d. 
 
 Though the appointment of Burgoyne to the command of 
 the force destined to invade New York in 1777, was not in 
 terms a supersession, yet Sir Guy Carleton fell that it was 
 practically so — at least such an exhibition of lack of confidence 
 as demanded his asking to be relieved of further command in 
 Canada.*- 's Sir Guy's letter to Gen. Phillips, printed in the 
 sketch of that officer, shows how little his sense of injury in- 
 terfered with his duty in regard to the expedition, as he wrote 
 
Appendix No. 7. 433 
 
 to Phillips, " it is my intention to provide everything for this 
 detachment with the same care and attention to the good of 
 the service as if I was to command it myself."'* His real 
 feelings find expression in the following letter from him to 
 Burgoyne. 
 
 " Head Quarters, Quebec, 
 
 " l()th July, 1777. 
 
 "Sir : I received your letter of the nth Instant in which 
 you submit the expediency to me of supplying from Canada a 
 garrison for Tyconderoga. 
 
 " I cannot think it has been left in my power to send any 
 more troops out of the province, and I am persuaded on read- 
 ing Lord George Germaine's letter to me of the 20th of March 
 last, marked separate, you must be of the same opinion. He 
 not only orders those I am to send and those I am to keep, 
 but points out where the latter are to be posted, and you must 
 observe the Isle aux Noix is the most advanced on your side. 
 
 " As to the grand division of the Troops his Lordship leaves 
 no room for our reasoning ; but issues orders, and I might with 
 as great propriety have disregarded the whole as part of his letter : 
 Whatever I may think of His Lordship as an officer, or a states- ' 
 man, 1 must respect his office, and as Secretary of State sig- 
 nifying to me the King's pleasure he must be obeyed. 
 
 " I am but barely authorized to send you the additional com- 
 panies, but as Lord Barrington tells me the men were tocompleat 
 the corps, and the officers to return home before winter, I shall 
 avail myself of that opening and send all those belonging to the 
 corps you took with you. 
 
 55 
 
434- Appendix No. 7. 
 
 *' I am very ready to acknowledge that I think the whole of 
 our Minister's measures, civil and military, very strange ; in- 
 deed, to me they appear incomprehensible, unless they turn 
 upon private enmity and resentment. I was so convinced of 
 this that 1 lost no time in entreating the King's permission to 
 resign and return home, in hopes that wiser measures might be 
 pursued by his Lordship after my departure; I will only add 
 on this head that part of the Troops his Lordship stations so 
 ably are mere paper."'' 
 
 Sir Guy's expressions to Lord George Germaine direct, were 
 far more emphatic than those behind his back, as testified by 
 the following letter from him to that nobleman. 
 
 " Quebec, isth June, 1778. 
 " My Lord : I formerly observed that under the disadvan- 
 tages your Lordship's displeasure and censure had placed me, 
 prudence required I should afford as little opportunity as pos- 
 sible to all who might desire and find the times favorable for 
 exciting disorder, to the great detriment of the King's service : 
 for these and other reasons I did not call together the Legisla- 
 tive Council before the 23d of March. * * * 
 
 " Thus on my departure, as on my arrival, I found it neces- 
 sary to exert some acts of severity : the last I hope, will be at- 
 tended with consequences as favourable to the tranquillity of the 
 province as the former, for from that event not the least appear- 
 ance of a cabal of this sort, till your Lordship's arrangements 
 and new system of politics brought them forth : with my re- 
 moval, I trust, those measures will change, and tho. the 
 distinguished character of my successor may be of no consid- 
 
Appendix No, 7. 4.35 
 
 eration with your Lordship, the tranquillity of the people, the 
 security of this important province, the dignity and d iminion of 
 the crown, will, I now ho()e, appear worthy of some attention; 
 but should all these still give place to private resejitment or 
 private favor, if the power of the crown within the province 
 must be trampled down to exalt the sway of the inferior ser- 
 vants and scribblers, and while callous to the merits of old and 
 faithful servants, all places disposed of like private property to 
 friends and followers, no matter how unqualified, or whom they 
 thrust out, or to such who loud in their own praise and abuse 
 of better men, tho. in both equally unjust ; if unconcerned 
 for the interest of the King, our master, his authority must be 
 here destroyed that the rapine and dirt of office may find no 
 restraint, 1 will venture to prognosticate that instead of subor- 
 dination, tranquillity and obedience, your Lordship will soon 
 perceive faction and sedition among both troops and people, 
 and this great province run headlong into the same disorders 
 our neighbors have experienced, with no less detriment to the 
 interests of Great Britain. 
 
 *' To prevent those evils I early wished to retire from before 
 your Lordship's high displeasure, lest the King's service and 
 public tranquility entrusted to my hands, should be destroyed 
 thereby ; I have long and impatiently looked out for the arrival 
 of a successor, happy at last to learn his near approach, that 
 into hands less obnoxious to your Lordship I may resign the 
 important command with which 1 have been honored. Thus 
 for the King's service as willingly I lay them down, as for his 
 service I took them up — the most essential, and, in truth, the 
 only service in my power to render under your Lordship's ad- 
 ministration.'"* 
 
436 . appendix No, 7. 
 
 Sir Guy's successor, Gen. Haldimand, was not immediately 
 appointed, and it was not until July 29, 1778, that Gen. Carle- 
 ton, with his family, sailed in the frigate Montreal, for England ; 
 and he did not arrive in London till the 13th of the following 
 September. The disastrous result of Burgoyne's campaign 
 created a revulsion of feeling in Sir Guy's favor, and his caution 
 about advancing on Ticonderoga in the autumn of 1776, which 
 had before been condemned, was then understood and appre- 
 ciated. Hence on his return to England he was honored by 
 the nobility : the Quebec merchants in London gave him, 
 together with General Maclean and Chief Justice Livius of 
 Quebec, who were present with him, an elegant entertainment 
 at the London Tavern, Oct. ist, as a mark of their respect ; 
 and the king received him with the most gracious condescension, 
 and appointed him Governor of Charlemont, in Ireland, a sine- 
 cure position. Indeed, when, on Sept. i6th. Sir Guy Carleton 
 was first presented at court, after his return, his majesty was 
 pleased to compliment him, at Burgoyne's expense, in these 
 significant terms: " Sir, I am perfectly satisfied with the whole 
 of your conduct during your government in Canada, and should 
 feel the most undescribable felicity had I to thank your judg- 
 ment for the preservation of an army that hath been unhappily 
 lost through a neglect of those precautions it suggested."'" 
 
 Sir Guy Carleton became a lieut. -general in the army Aug. 
 29, 1777 ;' and he was subsequently appointed at the head of a 
 commission for examining the Public Accounts."" 
 
 Early in March, 1782, Sir Henry Clinton was superseded 
 by Sir Guy Carleton, as commander-in chief in America, with 
 headquarters at New York. As the fighting was now over, 
 
appendix No, 7. 437 
 
 however, Sir Guy could only distinguish himself by reforming 
 abuses ; and many supernumerary officers were discharged, 
 whereby a large amount was saved to the royal treasury. 
 After the treaty of peace was concluded Sir Guy earned for 
 himself the gratitude of those who had remained loyal to the 
 British crown and were forced to abandon their homes, by his 
 firmness and sense of justice in protecting their interests as far 
 as possible. For a most interesting sketch of this important 
 period by one of the loyalists themselves, see Jones's History 
 of New York during the Revolutionary War. 
 
 In consideration of his eminent services during the American 
 war, Sir Guy Carleton was elevated to the peerage Aug. 21, 1786, 
 as Baron Dorchester, of Dorchester, Oxfordshire, having pre- 
 viously obtained a pension of £1000 per annum for his own life 
 and the lives of his wife and two eldest sons." April i r, 1786, 
 he was again appointed Governor of Quebec, Nova Scotia and 
 New Brunswick, and he continued in that government till 
 1796,' save a single year's absence's 
 
 He became the colonel of the 15th, or King's Regiment of 
 Light Dragoons, July 16, 1790; a general in the army, Oct. 
 12, 1793 ; the colonel of the 27th Dragoons, March 18, 1801 ; 
 and the colonel of the 4th, or Queen's Own Dragoons, Aug. 
 14, 1802, with which latter corps he remained connected until 
 his death.'' 
 
 After his return from America he lived a very retired life, 
 chiefly residing in the country ; first at Kempshot, near Basing- 
 stoke, in Hants, and afterwards at his seat in Berkshire, near 
 Maidenhead, where he died suddenly Nov. 10, i8o8.^' 
 
438 Appendix No, 7. 
 
 His lordship, though then without a title, married at the 
 bishop of London's Palace, at Fulham,on May 22, 1772, Lady 
 Maria, third daughter of Thomas Howard, second Earl of 
 Effingham, by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Peter Beckford, 
 Esq., of Jamaica; and by her ladyship, who was born Aug. 
 30, 1753, and hence twenty-nine years his junior, he had a 
 large family of children, several of whom died in his lifetime.' 
 His third son, Christopher, and his fourth son, George, were 
 lieut.-coloncls in the army, the latter of whom was killed at 
 Bergen-op-Zoom in 1814. Lord Dorchester was succeeded in 
 the barony by the son of his third son i and on the second 
 baron's death, in 1826, the barony passed to Guy, a son of the 
 first Lord Dorchester's fourth son." 
 
 The Georgian Era, vol. 2, p. 71, 6*^^^ this appreciative 
 estimate of Sir Guy :-" As a soldier, Lord Dorchester appears 
 to have deservedly obtained a high reputation for courage and 
 skill Misfortune animated him to redoubled exertion; he 
 always made the utmost of his resources ; and had the valuable 
 quality of adapting small means to the achievement of great 
 results." ['C. D. 112-117. '^- ^^- ^A. P. 226, note 142. 
 4A E. 162. ^B. W. 189. ^J. Z. 42. ^L F. 82 «A. P. 
 395, note 193- 'F. O. 277. ""C 189- "J- »• "^C. 791. 
 '3F. Z. 97 : F. 1 1 78. -"F- 456. '^B. N. App. 17. ''^ - B. 
 470 '^F. B. 609-611. -^F. D. 192-199. '9H. J. 258, 262. 
 »»H. J. 270, 274, 278, 3^3- "'H. N. 42. "B. R. '^K. 
 U. 288.] 
 
Appendix No, 8. 439 
 
 NO. 8. 
 Gen. David Waterhury. 
 
 David Waterbury, 3d, or David Waterbury, Jr., as he signed 
 himself later in life, was a son of John, and Susanna Waterbury, 
 and was born Feb. 12, 1722, at Stamford, Connecticut, where 
 his father had long been settled and had taken a prominent 
 part in town affairs.' David followed in the footsteps of his 
 ancestors and early developed an interest in public matters. In 
 1747 he was a lieutenant in the state militia, and in October 
 1750, he was appointed the captain of the first company, or 
 train band, in Stamford. He took an active part in the French 
 and Indian War in which he saw much service, ^.^ he was con- 
 nected with Connecticut regiments throughout six campaigns. 
 His commissions at this time were as follows : — March, 1755, ist 
 lieutenant Fourth Company, Second Regiment ; March, 1756, 
 captain 5th Company, 4th Regiment ; February, 1757, captain 
 6lh Company of the only regiment Connecticut sent into service 
 that year, and which consisted of fourteen companies of 100 
 men each, Israel Putnam being captain of the 4th Company ; 
 N4arch, 1758, captain 4th Company, 4th Regiment; March, 
 1759, major 3d Regiment ; March, 1760, major 3d Regiment, 
 the Connecticut regiments being raised for a campaign not ex- 
 ceeding one year.' He was under Sir William Johnson at 
 Dieskau's defeat in 1755, and he was present at Abercromby's 
 unsuccessful attack on Ticonderoga in 1758, besides taking 
 part in many less important operations. 3* ♦ 
 
4.4.0 Appendix No, 8. 
 
 % 
 
 He likewise served his town in various civil capacities. In 
 1747 he was a member of the School Committee,' and he was 
 a representative in the General Assembly during seven sessions 
 between 1769 and 1776, the elections being held semi-annually. 
 He was one of the selectmen of Stamford in I754» and agam 
 in 1771, and for seven years thereafter.' 
 
 At the session of the General Assembly of Connecticut in 
 March, 1775, he was commissioned as lieut.-colonel of the qth 
 Regiment ; and the next month, when a quarter of the state 
 militia was ordered forthwith to be enlisted, equipped and as- 
 sembled for the safety of the colony, he was appointed colonel 
 of the 5th Regiment.' Col. Waterbury at once put his com- 
 mand in condition to take the field, and June 15th, 1775, 
 reported it at Stamford ready for orders. Four days later. 
 New York, alarmed for its safety, called for Wooster's and 
 Waterbury^s Connecticut troops to march within five miles of 
 that city, and thither they immediately repaired." Being 
 ordered to the Northern Department, Col. Waterbury with a 
 thousand men marched from the camp at Harlem for Albany, 
 July 2ist.9 Continuing northward he and his command 
 reached Ticonderoga the middle of August, and, on the 28th 
 of that month, embarked with Gen. Montgomery on the 
 Canadian expedition.'" Col. Waterbury was present at the 
 siege of St. John's, and at the surrender of Montreal ; at 
 which latter place he remained until the expiration of his term ; 
 he and his regiment being discharged about Dec. i, 1775-" 
 During its brief service Col. Waterbury's regiment, in common 
 with the other troops under Mpntgomery, suffered much from 
 sickness i no less than 173 of the 5th Connecticut having been 
 
Appendix No, 8. 441 
 
 discharged for disability from July 25th to Sept. 20th ; and on 
 the 1 2th of Sept., it had but 500 men fit for duty.** 
 
 Dec. nth, 1775, Col. Waterbury, who had previously been 
 a member of the Committee of Safety of his town, was re- 
 appointed,' and he seems to have rendered active service in 
 that capacity, and as a committee of the Legislature, for the 
 defence of the colony. *3 Jan. 12th, 1776, Gov. Trumbull, of 
 Connecticut, issued a proclamation for raising two regiments 
 of 750 men each, to be commanded by Cols. Waterbury and 
 Ward, and to serve in New York under Gen. Lee, it then 
 being thought that New York city was iii imminent danger of 
 being attacked.'* Col. Waterbury speedily proceeded to that 
 city and was employed in disarming the disaffected in the 
 neighboring county of Westchester. He was evidently not 
 favorably impressed with the loyalty of the New Yorkers, as 
 Joseph Cheesman made an affidavit on the 2d of March, 1776, 
 that *' being on board of a boat in Peck's Slip, he heard 
 Colonel Waterbury say that he had for sometime thought that 
 things would not go well unless the City of New York was 
 crushed down, and that it must be done by their people before 
 things would go well.'"* 
 
 April 29th, 1776, Gov. Trumbull recommended Col. 
 Waterbury to Gen. Washington in these flattering terms : — 
 " David Waterbury, Jun. of Stamford, Esquire, Colonel of a 
 regiment from this Colony in the Northern Department the 
 last year, and at the taking of St. John's and Montreal, and 
 lately in service at New York, with Major General Lee ; at 
 all times behaved with bravery and honour. When you have 
 a vacancy in the Army answerable to his rank do heartily re- 
 commend him to your kind notice and regard.'"' 
 56 
 
44-2 Appendix No, 8. 
 
 This recommendation elicited the following letter from Gen. 
 Washington to Col. Waterbury :— 
 
 " New York, May 13, 1776. 
 " Sir : Governour Trumbull has been pleased to mention 
 you to me as a proper person to succeed to the command of 
 the regiment lately General Arnold's. If you incline to 
 engage in the service again, I should be obliged to you for 
 signifying as much, in order that I may lay the matter before 
 Congress for their approbation. 
 
 " I am, sir, with great respect, your most obedient servant 
 
 " George Washington."" 
 
 Col. Waterbury, though apparently flattered by the good 
 opinion of the commander-in-chief, felt, nevertheless, that he 
 had been overlooked too long, as he would now be ranked by 
 men who had been his juniors. His answer will perhaps afford 
 a better insight into the man's education and character, than any 
 thing of his that has come down to us, and hence it is here 
 inserted in full, and is as follows : 
 
 " Hartford, May 20, 1776. 
 « Dear Sir : After my best wishes to your Excellency, 
 praving God may preserve you through the many dangers and 
 difficulties that attend the calling you are now engaged m i 
 hoping your Excellency and the Army under your command, 
 may be the means, under God, to the saving of our land from 
 ruin- I received your Excellency's favour of the 13th instant, 
 and can answer 'the request : that is, I should take it as an 
 honour done to me to be an officer under your command i but 
 
Appendix No, 8. 44.3 
 
 as I am well assured that your Excellency delights to see 
 justice done to every officer and soldier in your Army, your 
 Excellency must know that I have not had justice done me. 
 I never had a Continental commission offered me, although it 
 is said, since I returned home, that I refused one while in 
 Canada. I never had the offer, although I took such an 
 active part in the Northern expedition last fall. There were 
 but four small companies that went down with the Generals, 
 besides me and my regiment. When we first took the ground 
 at St. John's, never man laboured through an expedition with 
 more fatigue and hardship than I did ; and now to take rank 
 under those that were but Lieutenant Colonels at that time, 
 and others that were Colonels that ranked under me, I should 
 think it would look as though I had done something that was 
 not to my honour, in being set back. If your Excellency sees 
 cause to lay the case before the honourable Congress, and they 
 see cause to give me my proper rank, I shall cheerfully accept 
 your Excellency's offer, and ever make it the height of my 
 ambition to render my services acceptable to your Excellency 
 and my bleeding country ; and if not, and your Excellency is 
 attacked, I shall come to your assistance as a volunteer, upon 
 the shortest notice. And am with every sentiment of respect 
 and regard, your Excellency's most obedient, humble servant, 
 
 " David Waterbury, Jun. 
 
 "P. S. My being at Hartford instead of being at Stamford 
 is the reason of my not answering your Excellency's favour 
 
 sooner.'"* 
 
 « 
 
 Here the correspondence seems to have ended, and Colonel 
 Waterbury never received a continental commission. At the 
 
444- Appendix No, 8. 
 
 May Session, 1776, the O-^ncral Assembly of Connecticut n 
 view of the alarming movements of the British troops, voted 
 to raise two regiments, and appointed David Waterbury, Jr. 
 to be colonel of one of them to be stationed at or near New 
 London/' Gov. Trumbull called the General Assembly 
 together again on the 14th of June to take into consideration 
 the requisitions of Congress of the ist and 3d of June, for re- 
 inforcements to the armies at New York and in Cana.Ja. It 
 accordingly met and cheerfully granted the reinforcements re- 
 quired. That for the Northern Department consisted of two 
 regiments, and Col. Waterbury was appointed a brigadier 
 general for that Department."" This force was promptly 
 raised, and arrived at New York July 5th and 6th, at Saratoga 
 July 1 2th, and two or three days later at Skenesborough, v/here 
 a dock yard had been established, in which a flee* was being 
 constructed for Lake Champlain ; and to the command of that 
 post Gen. Waterbury was assigned." There he remair.?d the 
 rest of the summer of 1776, actively engaged in pushing the 
 flotilla to completion, as indicated by the voluminous corres- 
 pondence carried on between him and Gen. Gates to be found 
 in the American Archives, 5th series, vols, i and 2. Under date 
 •of August 22d, he wrote to Gen. Gates as follows : — " You 
 may rely upon my diligence in forwarding the galleys as fast 
 as possible. The business has been much retarded by so many 
 of the carpenters being sick, and the misfortune I met with in 
 hurting my leg, which for some days has rendered me incapable 
 of attending upon the business ; but my leg is growing better 
 fast, and shall endeavour to forward the business wiih all 
 possible despatch."" Four days later he added this postcript to 
 a letter to the same correspondent : — " I have now got so well 
 
Appendix No, 8. 44.5 
 
 of my lameness that I am able to go among the workmen."** 
 Oct. 6th, Gen. Waterbury joined the fleet which was under 
 the command of Gen. Benedict Arnold'^, and was made second 
 in command, the third being Col. Wigglesworth, who, Arnold 
 says, ^^ is a good seaman, appears to be much of a gentleman, 
 and has, as far as I can learn, an unimpeached good character."** 
 The opinion entertained of Waterbury is shown by a letter 
 from Gates to Schuyler, dated Aug. i8, in which the writer 
 says : 
 
 " I expect General Waterbury by Saturday night with the 
 row galleys. As he is an able seaman and a brave officer, I 
 intend he shall join General Arnold with the rest of the 
 squadron the instant they can be armed and equipped. As 
 General Arnold and he are upon the best terms, I am satisfied 
 no dispute about command or want of confidence in each other 
 will retard the public service.** 
 
 Oct. II, 1776, the battle of Valcour Bay was fought 
 between the American and British fleets, the latter under the 
 command of Capt. Thomas Pringle, though Sir Guy Carleton 
 was likewise aboard the fleet, and, in a measure, shared the 
 responsibility of command. The Congress was Arnold's flag- 
 ship, and Gen. Waterbury was on the Washington. The 
 American fleet was so badly crippled that it was obliged to 
 retreat to Crown Point ; and to this end it eluded British 
 vigilance, passed unobserved through the opposing squadron 
 the night after the battle, and started up the lake. The next 
 day and the next night the British pursued, and captured or 
 destroyed the large majority of the American vessels, the 
 Washington, with Gen. Waterbury, being captured. Gen. 
 Wilkinson, who in his youthful days was an aid to Gates when 
 
44-6 Appendix No. 8. 
 
 in command of the Northern Department, seems not to have 
 meted out to Gen. Waterbury that justice, which he himself 
 so bitterly complained in his Memoirs, of not receiving in the 
 war of 1812 ; and his injustice to a meritorious officer abridges, 
 on the divine principle that " with what judgment ye judge, ye 
 shall be judged ; and with what measure ye mete, it shall be 
 measured to you again," the sympathy which his readers 
 might, perhaps, otherwise feel for him. Wilkinson, who, it 
 will be remembered, was not in the action at all, and whose 
 Memoirs were written nearly forty years after, says:— 
 "General Waterbury in the Washington galley, had been 
 ordered to keep abreast of the Congress, and to cooperate with 
 his battery, which was of equal weight i but he suffered a 
 schooner to run under his stern, and struck to her without 
 firing a gun. By this dastardly act Arnold was exposed to the 
 broadsides of the schooner, the battery of the captured galley, 
 and the bow chasers of the ship and other schooners," etc.*? 
 The inexcusable lack of accuracy in Wilkinson's statement 
 and his reprehensible disposition to cast unmerited blame upon 
 an unfortunate but gallant officer, is proved by the views and 
 reports of those who had the best opportunity of knowing the 
 truth of what they affirmed. Gen. Arnold in his report to 
 Gen. Gates of the affair in Valcour Bay, 0(;t. nth, and which 
 was written from Schuyler's Island Oct. I2th, during the 
 retreat, says :— " The Congress and Washington have suffered 
 greatly ; the latter lost her First Lieutenant killed, Captain and 
 Master wounded. The New York lost all her officers except 
 the Captain. The Philadelphia was hulled in so many places 
 that she sunk about one hour after the engagement was over. 
 The whole killedand wounded amounted to about sixty. * * * 
 
Appendix No. 8. 447 
 
 We suffered much for want of seamen and gunners. I was 
 obliged myself to point most of the guns on board the Congress, 
 which I believe did good execution. The Congress received 
 seven shot between wind and water ; was hulled a dozen times ; 
 had her mainmast wounded in two places, and her yard in one. 
 The Washington was hulled a number of times *, her main- 
 mast shot through, and must have a new one. On consulting 
 with General Waterbury and Colonel Wigglesworth, it was 
 thought prudent to retreat to Crown Point ; every vessel's 
 ammunition being nearly three-fourths spent, and the enemy 
 greatly superiour to us in ships and men. At seven o'clock 
 Colonel Wigglesworth, in the Trumbull, got under way ; 
 the gondolas and small vessels followed ; and the Congress and 
 Washington brought up the rear. The enemy did not attempt 
 to molest us. Most of the fleet is this minute come to an 
 anchor. The wind is small to the southward. The enemy's 
 fleet is under way to leeward, and beating up. As soon as our 
 leaks are stopped, the whole fleet will make the utmost de- 
 spatch to Crown Point, where I beg you will send ammunition, 
 and your further orders for us. On the whole I think we 
 have had a very fortunate escape, and have great reason to 
 return our humble and hearty thanks to Almighty God for 
 preserving and delivering so many of us from our more than 
 savage enemies."'* Gen. Arnold in his report to Gen. 
 Schuyler after the retreat was concluded, wrote as follows : — 
 
 " TicoNDEROGA, October I ^th^ i??^. 
 
 *^ Dear General : I make no doubt before this you have 
 received a copy of my letter to General Gates of the 12th 
 instant, dated at Schuyler's .Island, advising of an action 
 
44-8 appendix No. S. 
 
 between our fleet and the enemy the preceding day ; in which 
 we lost a schooner and a gondola. We remained nc longer 
 at Schuyler's Island then to stop our leaks, and mend the sails 
 of the Washington. At two o'clock P. m., the I2th, weighed 
 anchor with a fresh breeze to the southward. The enemy's 
 fleet at the same time got under way ; our gondolas made very 
 little way ahead. In the evening the wind moderated, and we 
 made such progress that at six o'clock next morning we were 
 about off Willsborough, twenty-eight miles from Crown Point. 
 The enemy's fleet were very little way above Schuyler's Island i 
 the wind breezed up to the southward, so that we gained very 
 little by beating or rowing, at the same time the enemy took a 
 fresh breeze from the north-east, and by the time we had 
 reached Split-Rock, were alongside of us. The Washington 
 and Congress were in the rear, the rest of our fleet were ahead 
 except two gondolas sunk at Schuyler's Island. The Wash- 
 ington was in such a shattered condition, and had so many 
 killed and wounded she struck to the enemy after receiving a 
 few broadsides. * * Of our whole fleet we have saved only 
 two galleys, two small schooners, one gondoh, and one sloop. 
 General Waterbury with one hundred and ten prisoners, were 
 returned by Carleton last night."*' 
 
 Nowhere has Arnold a word of censure for Waterbury, and 
 he was not a man to withhold it, had it been deserved. Gen. 
 Schuyler, who was close by the scene of action, and whose 
 duty it was to know whereof he spoke, thus wrote to Gov. 
 Trumbull within a week of the Lake Champlain affair : — 
 ** General Waterbury, who is prisoner on his parole, is on 
 his way from Albany to Connecticut. I have advised him to 
 go directly from Albany to you. H'^ is capable of giving you 
 
Appendix No, 8. 4+9 
 
 that information you requested in your last favour to me. He 
 is not only a brave and good officer, but a candid and honest 
 man, uninfluenced by any unbecoming prejudices. He will 
 also acquaint you with the state of our affairs at Ticonderoga."'* 
 Finally, Gen. Waterbury's own account addressed to John 
 Hancock, President of the Continental Congress, entirely 
 disposes of Wilkinson's injustice, were anything more needed. 
 It as follows : — 
 
 Stamford, October 24, 1776. 
 *' Honoured Sir : I have now returned home on parole. 
 Your Honour has undoubtedly heard of my misfortune of 
 being taken prisoner on the 13th instant, on Lake Champlain. 
 I shall give your Honour a short sketch of our engagement, 
 which is as follows : 
 
 "On Friday morning, of the i ith instant, our alarm-guns 
 were fired, that the enemy's fleet was off Cumberland-Head. 
 I immediately went on board of General Arnold, and told him 
 that I gave it as my opinion that the fleet ought immediately to 
 come to sail, and fight them on a retreat in main Lake, as they 
 were so much superiour to us in number and strength, and we 
 being in such a disadvantageous harbour to fight a number so 
 much superiour, and the enemy being able with their small 
 boats to surround us on every side, as I knew they could, we lying 
 between an island and the main. But General Arnold was of 
 the opinion that it was best to draw the fleet in a line where 
 we lay, in the bay of Valcour. The fleet very soon came up 
 with us, and surrounded us, when a very hot engagement 
 ensued from ten o'clock in the morning till towards sunset, 
 when the enemy withdrew. We immediately held council, to 
 
 57 
 
450 Appendix No, 8. 
 
 secure a retreat through their fleet, to get to Crown Point, 
 which was done with so much secrecy that we went through 
 them entirely undiscovered. The enemy finding next morning 
 that we had retreated, immediately pursued us. The wind 
 being against us, and my vessel so torn to pieces that it was 
 almost impossible to keep her above water; my sails was so 
 shot, that carrying sail split them from foot to head, and I was 
 ob.igcd to come to anchor at twelve o'clock, to mend my sails. 
 When we had completed that, we made sail, just at evening. 
 The enemy still pursued all night. I found next morning that 
 they gained upon us very fast, and that they would very soon 
 overtake me. The rest of the fleet all being much ahead of 
 me, I sent my boat on board of General Arnold, to get liberty 
 to put my wounded in the boat, and send them forward, and 
 run my vessel on shore, and blow her up. I received for 
 answer, by no means to run her ashore, but to push forward 
 to Split Rock, where he would draw the fleet in a line, and 
 engage them again ; but when I came to Split Rock, the 
 whole fleet was making their escape as fast as they could, and 
 left me in the rear, to fall into the enemy's hands. But before 
 I struck to them, the ship of eighteen twelve-pounders, and a 
 schooner of fourteen six-pounders, had surrounded me, which 
 obliged me to strike, and I thought it prudent to surrender 
 myself prisoner of war. As soon as I was taken. General 
 Arnold, with four gondolas, run ashore, and blew up the 
 vessels ahead of me. One thing I have omitted in the former 
 part of my letter, that is, the Royal Savage run ashore on the 
 Point of Valcour, in the first of the engagement, and was 
 lost. * * * Sir, I would have waited on the Congress 
 in person, had it not been that my parole confined me to 
 
Appendix No, 8. 451 
 
 Connecticut. But I hope that I shall not be neglected in 
 being exchanged, if any opportunity there be."3' 
 
 Sir Guy Carleton's treatment of Gen. Waterbury and the 
 other prisoners taken on Lake Cham plain, affords a good 
 insight into that officer's character. Col. J. Trumbull, in 
 Reminiscences of his own Times, page 36, writes as follows : 
 ** On this occasion Sir Guy Carleton, who commanded the 
 hostile fleet and army, behaved with a degree of humanity, as 
 well as policy, which, if it had been generally employed by 
 other royal commanders, might have exposed to great hazard 
 the success of America. As soon as the action was over. 
 Sir Guy gave orders to the Surgeons of his own troops, to treat 
 the wounded prisoners with the same care as they did his own 
 men. He then ordered that all the other prisoners should be 
 immediately brought on board his own ship, the Royal 
 Charlotte, where he first treated them to a drink of grog, and 
 then spoke kindly to them, praised the bravery of their conduct, 
 regretted that it had not been displayed in the service of their 
 lawful sovereign, and offered to send them home to their 
 friends, on their giving their parole that they would not again 
 bear arms against Great Britain until they should be exchanged. 
 He then invited Gen. Waterbury to go below with him to his 
 cabin, and requested to see his commission : the moment he 
 saw that it was signed by the Governor of Connecticut (my 
 father), he held out his hand and said, * General Waterbury, I 
 am happy to take you by the hand, now that I see that you 
 are not serving under a commission and orders of the Rebel 
 Congress, but of Gov. Trumbull. You are acting under a 
 legitimate and lawful authority. He is responsible for the 
 
4-52 Appendix No, 8. 
 
 abuse he has made of that authority. That which is a high 
 crime in him, is but an error in you ; it was your duty to 
 obey him, your legitimate superiour.' A few days after this 
 defeat, a number of row-boats approached our advanced post, 
 and there lay upon their oars with a flag of truce. I was 
 ordered to go down and learn their object. I found Capt. 
 Craig (afterwards Sir James Craig, and governor of Canada), 
 with Gen. Waterbury and the other prisoners who had been 
 taken in the recent action, dismissed, as Sir Guy had promised, 
 upon parole. The usual civilities passed between Sir James 
 and me, and 1 received the prisoners ; all were warm in their 
 acknowledgement of the kindness with which they had been 
 treated, and which appeared to me to have made a very 
 dangerous impression. I therefore placed the boats containing 
 the prisoners under the guns of a battery, and gave orders that 
 no one should be permitted to land, and no intercourse take 
 place with the troops on shore until orders should be received 
 from Gen Gates. I hurried to make my report to him, and 
 suggested the danger of permitting these men to have any in- 
 tercourse with our troops; accordingly they were ordered to 
 proceed immediately to Skenesborough, on their way home, 
 and they went forward that night, without being permitted to 
 land." 
 
 No accounts have been found of Gen. Waterbury's partici- 
 pating in any subsequent engagements during the war, though 
 he rendered more or less military service. He commanded a 
 brigade under Gen. Washington in the summer of 1781, and 
 the latest mention of him, so far as found, is in an order issued 
 by Washington Aug. 5tb, ijSi^", though he was in camp near 
 
Appendix No. 8. 4.53 
 
 Stamford as late as Aug. 24th in that year.33 After the Revo- 
 lution he spent the remainder of his days in his native town, 
 where he cultivated a farm. He seems to have been held in 
 honor by his fellow townsmen, whom he represented in the 
 general assembly in 1783, 1794 and 1795. He died June 29, 
 1 80 1, leaving a widow and two children surviving him.^* Gen. 
 Waterbury rendered much faithful service during our struggle 
 for liberty, and seems to have earned the confidence of all with 
 whom he came in contact, so that Gen. Schuyler's estimate of 
 him was undoubtedly just, when he said, in writing to Gen. 
 Gates from Albany, under date of Aug. 20th, 1776 — "I am 
 extremely happy that General Waterbury is to join General 
 Arnold. I know him to be a good man, as well as a good 
 officer." 3s ['G. M. 417. 'C. G. 556: C. H. 346, 473, 
 601 : C. I. 98, 226, 355. 3A. H. 206-211, 298. <C. H. 
 336, 473 : C. I. 240, 355, 363, 542. 5G. M. 347. «G. M. 
 467, 471. 'F. S. 163-168. 8G. M. 223. 9F. S. 45. "F. S. 
 49 : E. 13s, 467, 469. "F. S. 136. "E. 738, 797. '3F. S. 
 197. '-F. 1154. 'SF. 274, 342. ''F. 1133. ''H.436. -^G. 
 looi. ''F. S. 207. ""I. 28 : F. S. 221, 223. "I. 41, 237, 340. 
 •■I. 1 1 14. »3l. 1154. '^J. 633. "sj. 186. *«I. 1218. "'M. 
 T. 91. »8J. 1038. »9j. 1079. 30J. ,,25. 3- J. 1224. 3»N. 
 314. 33G. M. 230. 3<G. M. 423, 467, 468. 3*1. 1083.] 
 
4.54 Appendix No, 9. 
 
 NO. 9. 
 
 Brig. General Simon Eraser. 
 
 Simon Eraser's early years are clouded in obscurity. Jesse, 
 and some other writers, fall into the palpable error of confound- 
 ing him with Simon Eraser, the son of Lord Lovat.' " Simon 
 Frazer," says Dr. O'Callaghan, in Burgoyne's Orderly Book, 
 page 184 '* was the youngest son, it is said, of Hugh Frazer of 
 Balnain. His mother was daughter of the Frazer of Forgers." 
 Fonblanque, in his life of Burgoyne, page 241, note, says that 
 Simon Eraser was a younger son of Alexander Eraser of 
 Balnain and Glendo, of the Eerraline branch of the Lovat 
 family by a daughter of Angus Mackintosh of Killachy, from 
 whom the celebrated Sir James Mackintosh was directly de- 
 scended. Sir J.-^mes Mackintosh in writing about his ancestry, 
 says — " My father. Captain John Mackintosh, was the repre- 
 sentative of a family which had for about two centuries possessed 
 a small estate called Kellachie, which I inherited from him, and 
 which I was obliged to sell. He had served four and twenty 
 years in the army, into which he entered very young. He was 
 very severely wounded at Felinghaiisen in the seven years war ; 
 and his last place of service was Gibraltar, where he was during 
 the whole siege. My mother was Marjory, the daughter of 
 Mr. Alexander Macgillivray, by Anne Eraser, sister of Briga- 
 dier General Eraser, who was killed in General Burgoyne's 
 army in 1777 ; aunt to Dr. Eraser, physician in London ; and to 
 Mrs. Eraser Tytler, wife of Lord Woodhouselee, now (1805) a 
 judge of the Court of Session in Scotland." ' These contra- 
 
Appendix No, 9. 455 
 
 dictory accounts contain all we know of the parentage of this 
 distinguished officer. 
 
 Fonblanque says that Simon Fraser was born in 1729, and 
 entered the army at an early age. His entrance into the British 
 military service probably dates subsequently to the issue of the 
 Army List of 1754, as no subaltern of that name appears in that 
 List. It is very difficult, and perhaps impossible, to determine 
 the date of his first commission, as no less than eight Simon 
 Erasers appear in the Army List of 1757, six of whom belonged 
 to Fraser's Highlanders, as the Second Highland Battalion, 
 afterwards the 78th Foot, was called. In that organization, 
 besides the lieutenant-colonel coipmandant and a captain, there 
 were four subalterns of that name, the latter ranking as follows, 
 viz : — an ensign appointed Jan. 9, 1757, and three lieutenants 
 appointed respectively Jan. 5, Jan. 30, and Feb. 8, all in 1757. 
 Then, of the same name, there was an ensign in the 50th Foot 
 dating from Jan. i, 1756, and a lieutenant in the 60th, or Royal 
 American Regiment of Foot, dating from Jan. 31, 1756. 
 
 We think we can positively trace the commissions of the 
 subject of this sketch as follows : — in the 78th Foot, lieutenant 
 Jan. 5, 1757, captain-lieutenant Sept. 27, 1758, captain April 
 22, 1759 ; major in the army March 15, 1761 ; in the 24th Foot, 
 major Feb. 8, 1762, and lieut. -colonel July 14, 1768.3 June 10, 
 1776, less than a fortnight after his arrival in Canada, Gen. 
 Carleton appointed him to act as a brigadier till the king's pleasure 
 could be known^, an appointment which in due time received 
 the royal confirmation.' His last commission was that of a 
 colonel in the army, his appointment being gazetted July 22, 
 1777." He served with his regiment in the expedition against 
 
45 6 Appendix No. 9. 
 
 Louisbourg, a id accompanied Gen. Wolfe to Quebec. He 
 did garrison duty at Gibraltar for a few years, and then was 
 stationed in Ireland}, whence he embarked with the 24th on 
 the 5th of April, 1776, arriving at Quebec on the 28th of the 
 following May. Gen. Eraser assisted in driving the Americans 
 out of Canada. He commanded the British in the affair at 
 Three Rivers, and, in 1777, he participated in Burgoyne's cam- 
 paign, which he did not live to finish.' 
 
 Few letters from the pen of this gallant officer have come 
 down to us, and the following, therefore, is inserted for the light 
 it sheds on his education and character. It is addressed on the 
 outside — " To Major General Gates or officer commanding the 
 Forces near Half Moon," — and is sealed with an impression in 
 sealing wax of his coat of arms. It is as follows, viz : — 
 
 " "jth September^ *777- 
 
 ** Sir. It has been represented to me, by several deserters 
 from your army that Mr. Simon Eraser, a prisoner taken at 
 Bennington, is treated with an uncommon degree of severity. 
 If this report is true I am persuaded it must be owing to some 
 v',,)t^*! misrepresentation. This person is an Inhabitant on Hoosac 
 
 Creek, and is the Father of nine children ; he joined us at F. 
 Edward with other Loyalists, and I got him placed in a Civil 
 employment from which h^ could draw some temporary in- 
 come; he imagined the detachment under the late Lieut. -Col. 
 Baume would have passed near his house, he went along with 
 it, and as it did not go within many miles of his habitation was 
 taken in the action, I am told without arms. Now, Sir, I can 
 appeal to your humanity, if a person answering this description 
 is an object of resentment, or if he deserves to be distinguished 
 
Appendix No, 9. 457 
 
 by particular ill treatment, and if upon enquiry, you will find 
 his case to be, as thus staled, I hope you will have the good- 
 ness to give directions for his enia.gement, and putting him on 
 the same tooting with other prisoners of war. I send five 
 guineas by the Drummer Major of the 24th Regiment for the 
 use of Mr. Fraser, and must request the favor of some gentle- 
 man in your family to forward it to him. 
 
 " I have the honor to be Sir 
 
 " Your most obed't humble Servant 
 
 '* Sim. Fraser 
 
 " B. General."" 
 
 • 
 October 7, 1777, General Fraser was shot and mortally 
 
 wounded at Bemus* Heights by Morgan's riflemen pursuant to 
 special instructions, it is said, from Colonel Morgan himself.' 
 The particulars of his death and burial are thus related by 
 Madame Riedesel in her Journal : — " Suddenly, however, on 
 the 7th of October, my husband, with the whole general staff, 
 decamped. Our misfortunes may be said to date from this 
 moment. I had just sat dovvn with my husband at his quarters 
 to breakfast. General Frazer, and, I believe, Generals Bur- 
 goyne and Phillips, also, were to have dined with me on 
 the same day. I observed considerable movement among the 
 troops. My husband thereupon informed me, that there was 
 to be a reconnoissance, which, however, did not surprise me, 
 as this often happened. On my way homeward, I met many 
 savages in their war-dress, armed with guns. To my question 
 where they were going, they cried out to me, ' War ! war ! * 
 which meant that they were going to fight. This completely 
 overwhelmed me, and I had scarcely got back to my quarters, 
 58 
 
4-58 Appendix No, 9. 
 
 when I heard skirmishing, and firing, which by degrees, became 
 constantly heavier, until, finally, the noises became frightful. 
 It was a terrible cannonade, and I was more dead than alive. 
 About three o'clock in the afternoon, in place of the guests 
 who were to have dined with me, they brought in to me, upon 
 a litter, poor General Frazer (one of my expected guests), 
 mortally wounded. Our dining table, which was already 
 spread, was taken away, and in its place they fixed up a bed for 
 the general. I sat in a corner of the room trembling and 
 quaking. The noises grew continually louder. The thought 
 that they might bring in my husband in the same manner was 
 to me dreadful, and tormented me incessantly. The general 
 said to the surgeon, ' Do not conceal anything from me. Must 
 I die ? ' The ball had gone through his bowels, precisely as in 
 the case of Major Harnage. Unfortunately, however, the 
 general had eaten a hearty breakfast, by reason of which the 
 intestines were distended, and the hall, so the surgeon said, 
 had not gone, as in the case of Major Harnage, between the 
 intestines, but through them. I heard him often, amidst his 
 groans, exclaim, ' Oh, fatal ambition ! Poor General Bur- 
 goyne ! My poor wife ! ' Prayers were read to him. He 
 then sent a message to General Burgoyne, begging that he 
 would have him buried the following day at six o'clock in the 
 evening, on the top of a hill, which was a sort of a redoubt. 
 I knew no longer which way to turn. The whole entry and 
 the other rooms were filled with the sick, who were suffering 
 with the camp-sickness, a kind of dysentery. Finally, toward 
 evening, I saw my husband coming, upon which I forgot all 
 my sufferings, and thanked God that he had spared him to me. 
 He ate in great haste with me and his adjutant, behind the 
 house. We had been told that we had gained an advantage over 
 
Appendix No. 9. 459 
 
 the enemy, but the sorrowful and down-cast faces which I beheld, 
 bore witness to the contrary, and before my husbund again 
 went away, he drew me one side and told me everythiwg might 
 go very badly, and that I must keep m /self in constant readiness 
 for departure, but by no means to give any one the least inkling 
 of what I was doing. I therefore pretended that I wished to 
 move into my new house the next morning, and had every- 
 thing packed up. My lady Ackland occupied a tent not far 
 from our house. In this she slept, but during the day was in 
 the camp. Suddenly one came to tell her that her husband 
 was mortally wounded, and had been taken prisoner. At this 
 she became very wretched. We comforted her by saying that 
 it was only a slight wound, but as no one could nurse him as 
 well as herself, we counseled her to go at once to him, to do 
 which she could certainly obt^iin permission. She loved him 
 very much, although he was a plain, rough man, and was 
 almost daily intoxicated \ with this exception, however, he was 
 an excellent officer. She was the loveliest of women. I spent 
 the night in this manner — at one time comforting her, and at 
 another looking after my children, whom I had put to bed. 
 As for myself, I could not go to sleep, as I had General Frazer 
 and all the other gentlemen in my room, and was constantly 
 afraid that my children would wake up and cry, and thus dis- 
 turb the poor dying man, who often sent to beg my pardon for 
 making me so much trouble. About three o'clock in the 
 morning, they told me that he could not last much longer. I had 
 desired to be apprised of the approach of this moment. I, ac- 
 cordingly, wrapped up the children in the bed coverings, and 
 went with them into the entry. Early in the morning, at 
 eight o'clock, he expired. After they had washed the corpse, 
 
4.60 Appendix No, 9. 
 
 they wrapped it in a sheet and laid it on a bedstead. We then 
 again came into the room, and had this sad sight before us the 
 whole day. At every instant, also, wounded officers of my 
 acquaintance arrived, and the cannonade again began. A re- 
 treat '.vas spoken of, but there was not the least movement 
 made toward it. About four o'clock in the afternoon, I saw 
 the new house which had been built for me, in flames : the 
 enemy, therefore, were not far from us. We learned that 
 General Burgoyne intended to fulfill the last wish of General 
 Frazer, and to have him buried at six o'clock, in the place 
 designated by him. This occasioned an unnecessary delay, to 
 which a part of the misfortunes of the army was owing. Pre- 
 cisely at six o'clock the corpse was brought out, and we saw 
 the entire body of generals with their retinues on the hill assist- 
 ing at the obsequies. The English chaplain, Mr. Brudenel, 
 performed the funeral services. The cannon balls flew con- 
 tinually around and over the party. The American general, 
 Gates, afterward said, that if he had known that it was a burial 
 he would not have allowed any firing in that direction." 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel (afterwards Major-General) Kingston, in 
 his evidence before a committee of the House of Commons in 
 referring to the burial of General Fraser, said, — *' I never saw 
 so affecting a sight." General Burgoyne spoke of it in this 
 graphic manner — " About sun-set the corpse of General Fraser 
 was brought up the hill, attended only by the oflicers who had 
 lived in his family. To arrive at the redoubt, it passed within 
 view of the greatest part of both armies. General Phillips, 
 General Riedesel, and myself, who were standing together, 
 were struck with the humility of the procession : They who 
 
Appendix No, 9. 461 
 
 were ignorant that privacy had been requested, might construe 
 it neglect. We could neither endure th?.t reflection, nor indeed 
 restrain our natural propensity to pay our last attention to his 
 remains. The circumstances that ensued cannot be better 
 described than they have been by different witnesses. The 
 incessant cannonade during the solemnity ; the steady attitude 
 and unaltered voice with which the chaplain officiated, though 
 frequently covered with dust, which the shot threw up on all 
 sides of him ; the mute but expressive mixture of sensibility 
 and indignation upon every countenance ; these objects will 
 remain to the last of life upon the minds of every man who was 
 present. The growing duskiness added to the scenery, and the 
 whole marked a character of that juncture that would make one 
 of the finest subjects for the pencil of a master that the field 
 ever exhibited — To the canvas and to the faithful page of a more 
 important historian, gallant friend ! I consign thy memory. 
 There may thy talents, thy marily virtues, their progress and 
 their period, find due distinction \ and long may they survive ; — 
 long after the frail record of my pen shall be forgotten." '*' 
 
 Early in the autumn of 1769, Gen. Fraser was married to 
 Mrs. Grant" of Percy Street, London," who survived him. 
 
 a. The following notice of a novel prove t'le promises. The first, and prin- 
 trial, in which this lady was a party, is ey- cipal,-was the plaintiff's son; who de- 
 tracted from the London Chronicle for co-ed, that the Lady had acknowl- 
 July 4-6, 1780, vol. 48, page lo : edgesl to him her having consented to 
 *' Yesterday" (July 3 1780)," was tried marry his father. A man servant de- 
 before the Right Hon. Earl Mans- posed, thit his mistress had engaged him 
 field and a special Jury, a cause wherein to go 'broad with her to Germany, in 
 Mr. Schreiber, a merchant, was plaintiff, case cf the marriage taking place. Mr. 
 and Mrs Frazer, widow of the late Gen. Christie was brought to prove that the 
 Frazer, was defendant. The action was plaintiff bought a house in Portland Place, 
 brought for damages on a breach of prom- at the price of £4100, and on account of 
 lie of marriage. Mr. Dunning opened the marriage not taking place, had told 
 for the plaintiff, and brought witnesses to it again for £3600. A Horse-dealer 
 
4.62 
 
 Appendix No, 9. 
 
 From the testimony that has come down to us Gen. Fraser can 
 hardly be too highly extolled as a soldier. He commanded the 
 light brigade on Burgoyne's campaign, and thus was ever in 
 the advance, rendering throughout the most efficient services. 
 He defeated the Americans at Three Rivers, and at Hubbardton i 
 and had his views been followed at Bennington the stupid 
 blunder of employing heavy German dismounted dragoons on 
 an expedition requiring rapidity of movement and celerity of 
 action, would never have been committed." His successor in the 
 command of the light infantry, and his intimate friend, the Earl 
 of Balcarres, thus spoke of him : — " General Fraser's temper 
 
 proved he had bought 4 hone* at 35 
 guineas each, and sold them again all 4 
 tt 74 guineas. A Coach-malcer proved 
 he had bought two carriages for £200 : 
 A Taylor proved making a suit of livery, 
 on account of the promised marriage, 
 
 Mr. Solicitor General pleaded, that his 
 client had no objection to the person, 
 character, or fortune of the plaintiff, who 
 is certainly a very respectable wealthy 
 merchant, and in every respect a very 
 advantageous match for her ; that in the 
 course of the treaty, she began to think 
 Mr. Schreiber's temper and hers might 
 not agree; in that case, the match would 
 render both parties extremely unhappy, 
 for which reason she thought best to 
 retract, though evidently to her own loss 
 and disadvantage, his fortune being far 
 superior to hers. He further observed, 
 that no attempt had been made to prove 
 his client a woman of fortune ; therefore 
 it was much below the plaintiff to want 
 to take from her small pittance, and add 
 to his own great abundance. Here he 
 was stopped by Mr. Dunning, who ad- 
 duced proof that the Lady's fortune here, 
 in the East Indie8,and America, amounted 
 to £24,000, or upwards. 
 
 Mr. Solicitor General replied, that the 
 
 fortune in England might be ascertained, 
 but that abroad could not ; but with re- 
 gard to fortune, his client had suffered 
 most by breaking off the match, for she 
 was to have her own fortune at her own 
 disposal, £300 a year pin money, 
 £10,000 settled upon her, and the house 
 at Forty Hill, or at her option £5000 in- 
 stead of it, in all £15,000 in case of her 
 survival. 
 
 Lord Mansfield, in summing up the 
 evidence, observed, that the promise of 
 marriage was proved ; thjt certainly each 
 party, engaged to marry, has a right to 
 retract at any time previous to the cere- 
 mony, and even before the Priest, if they 
 apprehended unhappiness to be the event ; 
 but it was under this circumstance that 
 the party retracting, if able, should make 
 good the damages sustained by the other 
 through the treaty — the plaintiff had 
 proved some damages — it was for the 
 jury to assess the quantum. The jury, 
 after a consultation of a few minutes, 
 gave a verdict of £600 damages, with 
 costs." 
 
 This lady was married at Edinburgh, 
 April 16, 1 78 1, to an advocate named 
 George Buchan Hepburn. [D. X. 194]. 
 
Appendix No, 9. 463 
 
 was warm, open and communicative, but reserved in matters 
 of confidence." " Burgoyne never named him but to praise. 
 In his official report to Lord George Germaine, dated Skenes- 
 borough July ii, 1777* the lieutenant-general, in referring to 
 the affair at Hubbardton, says : *' I have only to add that the 
 exertions of Brigadier Eraser on this day were but a continuance 
 of that uniform intelligence, activity and bravery, which dis- 
 tinguish his character on all occasions, and entitle him to be 
 recommended in the most particular manner to his Majesty's 
 favour." In his report, dated Albany, Oct. 20, 1777, ^^ P'''*' 
 this tribute to the deceased brigadier : — " The British officers 
 have bled profusely and most honourably, but the extensive 
 merits which marked the public and private character of Briga- 
 dier-General Eraser will long remain upon the memory of this 
 army, and make his loss a subject of particular regret." 
 Finally in the State of the Expedition, page 118, when reviewing 
 the evidence produced before the committee of the House of 
 Commons, General Burgoyne uses this language : — " And here 
 I shall finally rest the support I have been so anxious to derive 
 from that grave which has been ransacked by my adversaries 
 for evidence against me. As a soldier I avow a pride in having 
 possessed Brigadier Eraser's esteem. As a defendant I am 
 sensible I have dwelt upon it to a fault. The precedent of a 
 Chief in Command suffering the comments of an inferior to be 
 a test of his actions, requires an apology to my profession. It 
 lies in the eminence of my friend's character. ['G. P. 128 : 
 L. I. 76. »H. V. 13. 3B. H. "E. Z. SB. N. App. 32. 
 «M. G. 222. 7B. M. 184. 8D. R. 9E. Y. 162. '"B. N. 
 82. 125. "M. C. 222. "B. N. 76. 'SB. N. 29.] 
 
464. Appendix No. 10. 
 
 NO. 10. 
 
 Brio. Gen. Henry Watson Powell. 
 
 Henry Watson Powell was commissioned a lieutenant in the 
 46th Foot March lo, 1753. He was promoted to a captaincy 
 in the 2d Battalion of the i ith Foot Sept. 2, 1756, but upon 
 that battalion's being detached from the nth and renumbered 
 in 1758, his regimental number became the 64th.' He served 
 in the expedition against the French West India Islands* in 
 1759, and went with his regiment to America in 1768. June 2, 
 
 1770, he became the major of the 38th Foot, and July 23, 
 
 177 1, the lieut. -colonel of the 53d Foot, which was then 
 stationed at Minorca.' He accompanied his corps to Canada in 
 the spring of 1776, and on June loth, of that year, a few days 
 after his arrival, Sir Guy Carleton appointed him a brigadier- 
 general and assigned him to the 2d Brigade, which consisted of 
 the 34th, 53d, and 20th Regiments. When Gen. Gordon's 
 brigade was broken up after the death of that officer, Aug. 
 2ist, 1776, the 62d was added to Powell's brigade, and in No- 
 vember of that year, upon Gen. Nesbit's death. Gen. Powell 
 was transferred to the command of the ist Brigade, consist- 
 ing of the 9th, 47th, 31st, and 2ist Regiments, save that the 53d 
 was substituted for the 21st. 3 Gen. Powell served under Gen. 
 Carleton in 1776, and the next year he accompanied Burgoyne. 
 In organizing the troops for Burgoyne's expedition in 1777, 
 Gen. Powell was assigned to the 2d Brigade, consisting of 
 the 20th, 2ist, and 62d Regiments. The 62d was left at 
 Ticonderoga, however, with Prince Frederick's (German) Regi- 
 
Appendix No, lo. 465 
 
 ment and a portion of Capt. Borthwick's company of the 
 Royal Artillery, July 5th, when the Americans evacuated that 
 fort } and August loth, Gen. Powell was sent back to assume 
 command at that post, his regiment, the 53d, being likewise 
 ordered to relieve the biA. Though he successfully repelled 
 the American Col. Brown's attack on Ticonderoga, and for 
 four days maintained a gallant defence, the Americans re- 
 treating Sept. 22d, yet, inasmuch as a considerable part of four 
 companies of the 53d were surprised and captured in the old 
 French lines and at the outposts by the American advance and 
 a number of American prisoners were recaptured, the affair 
 was not one of unmixed satisfaction to either side.* / 
 
 When the toils of adversity began to tighten round Bur- 
 goyne in October, Gen. Powell was sorely puz/lcd as to his 
 duty ; for though he was out of Sir Guy Carleton's military 
 jurisdiction, yet that officer was accessible, while Burgoyne, 
 his own proper commander, was not. The following letter, 
 therefore, written by Sir Guy to Gen. Powell after Burgoyne's 
 surrender, though in ignorance of that event, throws some light 
 upon the awkwardness of Powell's situation. The letter reads 
 as follows — 
 
 " Quebec 
 
 " The loth October^ ^111' 
 *' Sir. I have this moment received your letter of the i6th 
 instant wherein you demand orders from me for your guidance 
 in your present emergency. It is impossible that I should give 
 orders to you, not alone because the post you are in has been 
 taken out of my command, but the distance is too great for my 
 being able to judge of the situation of General Burgoyne or of 
 
 59 
 
4.66 Appendix No. lo. 
 
 the exigencies of the place you are at which must depend upon 
 the other, as if you were subject to my commands ignorant as 
 I am of the strength or weakness of your post I should under 
 all the other circumstances think it best for his Majesty's ser- 
 vice to suffer you to act by your own judgment, so you will 
 therefore easily see the greater necessity there is as matters are, 
 for my leaving you to pursue such steps as shall be suggested 
 to you by your own prudence and reason. I can only recom- 
 mend to you not to balance between two opposite measures 
 whereby you may be disabled from following the one or the 
 other with advantage, but that either you prepare with vigour 
 to put the place in such a situation as to be able to make the 
 longest and most resolute defence, or that you prepare in time to 
 abandon it with all the stores while your retreat may be certain. 
 Your own sense will tell you that this latter would be a most 
 pernicious measure if there be still hopes of General Burgoyne 
 
 coming to your post. 
 
 " I am Sir, Ac" s 
 
 / Though Sir Guy did not feel at liberty to issue orders to 
 Gen. Powell, yet he immediately despatched Gen. Maclean 
 with the 31st Regiment, the Royal Highland Emigrants, and a 
 detachment of -artillery with four guns, to take post and en- 
 trench at Chimney Point, near Crown Point, in order to keep 
 up communication with T.conderoga. Two or three weeks 
 later Gen. Powell abandoned Ticonderoga and withdrew to 
 Canada. After a short tarry at St. John's, he was posted at 
 Montreal where he commanded during the winter of 1777-8-' 
 Then he was stationed at St. John's, and a letter of his, written 
 there Sept. ^2. 1780, to Col. Van Schaick, is to be found in 
 
Appendix No, lo. 467 
 
 Stone's Life of Brant, vol. 2, page 130. In the autumn of 
 1780, after Lieut. -Colonel Bolton's unfortunate loss on Lake 
 Ontario, we find him in command of the upper posts, with his 
 headquarters at Niagara. ' By Gen. Haldimand's order of Oct. 
 2 1 St, 1782, Brig. Gen. Maclean was assigned to the command 
 of the upper posts, and Gen. Powell was appointed command- 
 ant of Quebec.® How long he remained at Quebec has not 
 been ascertained, but, in 1780, he bought a fine estate on the 
 St. Louis road, about a mile from Quebec, to which he 
 gave the name of Powell Place, and which he did not dis- 
 pose of until 1796, when he sold it to Francis Lehoullier. 
 This place was subsequently known as Spencer Wood ; but it 
 has since been divided, the larger portion being still known as 
 Spencer Wood and serving as the residence of the lieut.- 
 governor, while the smaller portion, consisting of about forty 
 acres, and known as Spencer Grange, belongs to, and is the 
 residence of J. M. Le Moine, Esq., President of the Literary 
 and Historical Society of Quebec.' 
 
 Gen. Powell became a colonel in the army Feb. 19, 1779 ; 
 a major-general Nov. 20, 1782 ; the colonel of the 69th Foot 
 April 16, 1792 ; the colonel of the 15th Foot June 20th, 1794, 
 [not April 20th, as printed in Burgoyne's Orderly Book]; a 
 lieut. -general May 3, 1796; and a general Jan; i, 1801. He 
 died at an advanced age at Lyme, England, July 14, 1814.'**^ 
 ['B. H. 'B. M. 10. 3E. Z: F. E. 7, 38,55. *E. Z. 
 5F. C. 89. «F. C. 91, 98, 130: F. E. 85, 89. ^¥, K. 494. 
 »F. E. 208. 9G. X : G. Y. 76-79. '^'E. K. 190.] 
 
4-68 Appendix No, 1 1 . 
 
 NO. 11. 
 
 Brig. Gen. James Hamilton. 
 There were so many James Hamiltons in the British army 
 that it is difBcult, if not impossible, to trace the early rank of 
 the officer referred to in the text. There was a Capt. James 
 Hamilton in the Sid Foot, dating from Nov. 13, I755» with 
 army rank from Oct. 30, 1751. Then there was a Capt. 
 James Hamilton in the loth Foot, dating from Aoril 27, 1756 j 
 and besides these there were two Capts. James Hamilton in 
 the 34th Foot, one dating from Aug. 25, 1756, with army 
 ' rank from Feb. 28, 1755, and the other from Aug. 30, 1756. 
 The annotator of Burgoyne's Orderly Book supposes the next 
 to the last mentioned officer to have been the lieutenant-colonel 
 of the 2 1 St Foot on Burgoyne's campaign. Presuming that 
 supposition to be well founded, it will be proper to remark that 
 the 34th formed part of the garrison at Fort St. Philip when 
 besieged by the French in June, 1756: it participated in the 
 expedition to St. Malo on the coast of France, in 1758 i and 
 in 1760 it served in the expedition against Belleisle, likewise 
 on the coast of France. 
 
 Whatever uncertainty there may be about the subordinate 
 rank of the officer referred to in the text, there is none at all 
 about that above the grade of captain. He was appointed 
 major commandant of the 113th, or Royal Highland Volun- 
 teers, Oct. 17, 1761,3 new organization then just formed; 
 and when it was disbanded at the peace of 1763, he went upon 
 
Appendix No, 1 1 . 4.69 
 
 half-pay. He became a lieutenant-colonel in the army May 
 25, 1772, and he returned to active service, March ii, I774» 
 as the lieutenant-colonel of the 21st, or Royal North British 
 Fuzileers. 
 
 Early in the spring of 1776 he accompanied his regiment to 
 Canada to reinforce Gen. Carleton, and he participated in the 
 operations of that general during that year against the Amer- 
 icans. Sept. 15, 1776, Lieut. -Colonel Hamilton was ordered 
 to assume command of Brig. -Gen. Nesbit's, or the First Brigade, 
 during the sickness of that officer, and upon Gen. Nesbit's 
 death, he was appolnfd a brigadier by order dated Nov. 5, 
 1776, and assigned to the Second Brigade, consisting of the 34th, 
 53d, 62d, and 20th Regiments, save that the 21st was substi- 
 tuted for the 53d. In organizing the troops, in 1777, for Bur- 
 goyne's campaign, Gen. Hamilton was assigned to the First 
 Brigade, consisting of the 9th, 47th, and 53d Regiments j but 
 Aug. lOth, the 53d under Gen. Powell, was sent to Ticonderoga 
 to relievi; the 62d and Gen. Hamilton, who had been left there 
 since its capture, and the 1st and 2d Brigades were consolidated 
 together, the 47th being detached, six of its battalion companies 
 forming a guard for the batteaux, and the other three battalion 
 companies doing garrison duty on the islands in Lake George, 
 so that Gen. Hamilton's brigade consisted of the 9th, 20th, 
 2ist, and 62d Regiments, with Capt. Jones's brigade of guns. 
 At Freeman's farm, *' Brig.-Gen. Hamilton," in the words of 
 Gen. Burgoyne, " was the whole time engaged and acquitted 
 himself with great honor, activity and good conduct." At 
 Bemus' Heights, Oct. 7th, the guard of the camp upon the 
 heights was left to the commands of Brig.-Gens. Hamilton and 
 Specht, so he was not as actively engaged as at Freeman's 
 
47^ Appendix No, 1 1 . 
 
 Farm. After the exchange of Gen. Phillips, Gen. Hamilton 
 was the commanding officer of the convention troops ; and 
 when in July, 1781, those troops were ordered to be removed 
 from Fredericktown, in Maryland, to Yorktown and Lancaster, 
 and the officers to be separated from the soldiers and quartered 
 at East Windsor, Connecticut, Anburey says, — *' Brigadier- 
 General Hamilton expressed great displeasure at this separation, 
 which is directly against the terms of the convention ; but after 
 Congress have broke the most essential point, it is vain to re- 
 monstrate against such proceedings. We are now in their 
 power, and they act with us as best suits their plan. The 
 general gave out in orders, that if it was the desire of the troops, 
 he woulcf protest to Congress against the separation ; at the 
 same time adding, he well knew it would be in vain. He 
 strongly recommended the soldiers to behave in every respect 
 the same as if their officers were present, and though separated, 
 they should remember that subordination was due to the non- 
 commissioned officers, who still had authority over them. The 
 general lamented he was unable to furnish supplies of cloathing 
 and other necessaries ; therefore directed officers who had the 
 payment of companies, to settle the men's accounts, and give 
 them their balance to provide themselves, which most of them 
 will be enabled to do, as the generality have £20 or ^£30 to 
 
 receive." 
 
 Gen. Hamilton was exchanged Sept. 3, 1781, and returned 
 to England. He became a colonel in the army Nov. 17, 1780 ; 
 a major-general &ept. 28, 17871 the colonel of the 15th Foot 
 Aug. 22, 1792; the colonel of the 21st Foot June 20th, 17941 
 a lieut. -general Jan. 26, 1797, and a general April 29, 1802. 
 He died at his house at Murdustown, July 27, 1803. In a 
 
Appendix No, 12. 471 
 
 notice of his death in the Gentleman's Magazine, he is called 
 Gen. James Inglis Hamilton, but in the Army Lists his name is 
 given simply as James Hamilton, and so he signed himself on 
 the Cambridge parole.' ['B. H : O. 436 : P. 318, 502 : B. 
 M. 22: E. C. 791: K. J. 64: B. N. App. 49: F. E. 7, 
 
 38. 55-] 
 
 NO. 13. 
 
 Capt. Boucherville. 
 
 Dr. O'Callaghan, in a note to Burgoyne's Orderly Book, 
 following Bibaud's Le Pantheon Canadien^ seems to think 
 that the Capt. Boucherville engaged in Burgoyne's expedition, 
 was Rene Antoine de Boucherville, or, as the Abbe Tanguay, 
 and the author of the Histoire des Grander Families Francoises du 
 Canada^ more properly call him, as we think, Rene Amable 
 de Boucherville. This latter personage was the fourth Seigneur 
 de Boucherville, and was the son of Francois Pierre de Bouch> 
 erville, third Seigneur de Boucherville, and of Louise Marguerite 
 Raimbault de St. Blain, his wife, and was born at Cadarakui, 
 formerly Fort Frontenac, and now Kingston, in the province of 
 Ontario, Feb. 12, 1735. 
 
 The third Seigneur's services during the French regime, were 
 rewarded with the government of Detroit and the cross of the 
 Order of St. Louis ; and he likewise wrote a book entitled 
 Relation des aventures de M. de Boucherville a son retour des 
 Sioux en 1728 et '29, suivie d'observation sur les moeurs des Sau" 
 vages. 
 
472 Appendix No, 12. 
 
 The fourth Seigneur, like his father, married into the family 
 of Raimbault de St. Blain, his wedding with the Mademoiselle 
 Madeleine taking place at Montreal, June 6, 1770; and ten 
 children were the fruit of the union, six of whom died young. 
 He became a member of the Legislative Council of Quebec, and 
 likewise held the office of Grand Voyer^ or Inspector of Roads. 
 He died at Boucherville, near Montreal, Sept. 2d, 181 2, and 
 his widow survived till August 18, 1825, when she died, aged 
 72. One of his sisters was the last wife of La Corne St. Luc. 
 
 Bibaud says the fourth Seigneur signalized himself in the first 
 American war (the Revolution). The author of the Histoirt 
 des Grandes Families Francoises du Canada states that he quitted 
 his hearth- stone to march to the frontier, and thus had the 
 honor of contributing to a victory which should have sealed 
 the union of the Canadians and the English j and Dr. 
 O'Callaghan writes that he distinguished himself at the siege 
 of St. John's. The proof of the Seigneur de Boucherville's 
 part in our struggle for independence seems to us by no 
 means clear. It is certain that a Canadian officer named 
 Boucherville was taken prisoner at St. John's, as an enclosure 
 in a letter from Gen. Carleton (to Lord George Germaine 
 probably), dated Nov. 5, 1775, a copy of which is in the pos- 
 session of the Abbe Verreau, of Montreal, gives a list of Cana- 
 dian officers and gentlemen taken prisoners at St. John's, and 
 in it is the name of an officer named Boucherville. The 
 Boucherviiles were very numerous in Canada, and if the Seig* 
 neur de Boucherville engaged in the war, then there was more 
 than one captain of that name that participated in it, as Lorimier, 
 in the memoir of his service during the American war, in re- 
 ferring to the affair at the Cedars, speaks of un Capt. des 
 
Appendix No. 13. 473 
 
 Milices^ Pitre dt Boucherville . Whatever the name of the 
 Captain Boucherville that accompanied Burgoyne, may have 
 been, his company was from the district of Quebec ; and May 
 19th, 1777, it was ordered to march with all possible expedi- 
 tion to Montreal, there to receive further orders as to its par- 
 ticipation in Burgoyne's campaign ; while the following extract 
 from a letter written by Sir Guy Carleton to Major-Gen. 
 Phillips from Quebec, Nov. 20, 1776, affords some insight into 
 its term of service and standard of discipline. " If Mr. Monin," 
 says the letter, "can raise a compleat company for the ensuing 
 campaign I shall approve of its being employed, and if Mr. 
 McKay and Mr. Boucherville can do the same it will be agree- 
 able to me, and vou mav give such directions for the forwarding 
 of them as you shall think necessary, but it must be explained 
 to the men that they are engaged for a whole year, and longer 
 if Exigency require it, and that they must We subject to order 
 and discipline in like manner as the Regular Troops." [B. 
 M: F. T. 307-312: A. X. 38-40: L. O : H. S. 251, 281, 
 285: F. B. 270, 271, 473,498.] 
 
 NO. 13. 
 
 Capt. Alexander Fraser, 
 
 It is said that Alexander Fraser was a nephew of Brig.-Gen. 
 
 Simon Fraser, who was killed at Bemus' Heights, Oct. 7, 
 
 1777. He was commissioned as a lieutenant in the 9th Foot, 
 
 Oct. 25, 1766. He then appeared in the 9th Foot for the 
 
 60 
 
474- Appendix No, 13. 
 
 first time, but it is impossible to state when he entered the 
 British army, owing to the numerous bearers of his name on 
 the Army Lists at that period, there being on the halt- pay of 
 the 78th, or Eraser's Highlanders, three lieutenants and two 
 ensigns, named Alexander Fraser, one of whom was, doubtless, 
 the subject of this sketch. The Army Lists inform us that he 
 was promoted to be capt. -lieutenant of the 9th, May 13, 1776% 
 but he was gazetted as capt. -lieutenant, of the 20th*, and the 
 orders printed hereafter, likewise indicate his transfer to that 
 regiment. He was transferred to the 34th Foot Nov. 11, 
 1776. He was detached from his regimental organization in 
 1776 and 1777, and served with the Indians, having been ap- 
 pointed Assistant Superintendent of Indian Affairs in Canada.' 
 In 1776 a company of sharpshooters was raised for Capt. 
 Fraser, which figured prominently the next year on Burgoyne's 
 campaign. / In speaking of the battle of Bennington, Gen. 
 Burgoyne thus wrote : — " The number of the British was 
 small ; but it was the select light corps of the army, composed 
 of chosen men from all the regiments, and commanded by 
 Capt. Fraser, one of the most distinguished officers in his line 
 of service that ever I met with."* The order organizing this 
 company was as follows : 
 
 "Chambly, bth Sept,y 1776. 
 
 " The regiments which compose the Brigades of Brig. 
 Gen. Nesbit and Powel are each to select one Sergeant one 
 Corporal and eight private men. The non comm'd officers to 
 be intelligent men. The privates to be taken one man from 
 each company. The commanding officers are to take care 
 that the capts. give a man of good character, sober, active. 
 
Appendix No, 13. 475 
 
 robust, healthy. The men are to be provided with a very 
 good Firelock and to be in every Respect proper to Form a 
 Body of Marksmen to be attached to Brig. Gen'l Fraser's 
 Corps under the command of Capt. Fraser of the 20th Reg't 
 and such Subalterns as the Brigadier General shall appoint 
 from his corps. 
 
 " Each reg't to furnish one Tent for the non commissioned 
 officers, and two for the private men, with proper camp 
 necessaries. 
 
 " An officer from Captain Fraser will go round the Regi- 
 ments to receive these different Detachments who are to be 
 furnished with Provisions for two Days from their Respective 
 Regiments. "5 
 
 May 13th, 1777, Sir Guy Carleton ordered Capt. Fraser to 
 report to Gen. Burgoyne *' in order to receive his commands 
 relative to the assembling the Indians, and such other direc- 
 tions as he shall think proper to give you in regard to that 
 department."^ Anburey, in his Travels, gives us this glimpse 
 of Capt. Fraser and some of his Indian subordinates. Writing 
 from Montreal under date of May 26, 1777, Anburey says — 
 " A few days since I was invited to dine with Captain Frazer, 
 who is superintendent over the Indians, and who gave us a dinner 
 entirely of wild-meats. Most of the dishes were only to set 
 off the table, there being such things there as very few of the 
 company could partake of. * * Just as the cloth was removed, 
 there came into the room a great number of Indians, (and 
 amongst them one very old) who not having much ceremony, 
 and seeing the bottles and glasses on the table, would drink 
 with us, and began to be extremely troublesome, when Capt. 
 
476 Appendix No. 13. 
 
 Frazer interfered, and to shew you the controul he h^.s over 
 them, the instant he spoke, they quitted the room, but not 
 without a present, for I did not understand the Indian language, 
 but as I thought, and as he afterwards told us he was obliged 
 to order his servant to give them a bottle of rum. ♦ * We had 
 scarcely drank five glasses, after Captain Frazer had finished 
 his narration, when the Indians returned, upon a pretence of 
 business to him, which was no other than that of procuring 
 more rum, which Captain Frazer refusing them, they grew ex- 
 tremely troublesome, and what, with the liquor they had already 
 drank, were much beyond any controul, for they paid no at- 
 tention to Captain Frazer, who, finding he could not pacify, 
 or any way get rid of them, made us an apology, and the com- 
 pany broke up." 
 
 Capt. Fraser served throughout Burgoyne's campaign, but, 
 doubtless, returned to Canada, just on the eve of Burgoyne's 
 surrender, with the Provincial and Canadian corps, as he served 
 in Canada during the remainder of the Revolutionary war, 
 and mention of him as Judge Advocate of Courts Martial there, 
 has more than once been found.' 
 / He became a major in the army Nov. i8, 1790, and a lieut.- 
 colonel March i, 1794- He was appointed the lieut.-colonel 
 of the 45th Foot Sept. i, 1795* and ^e appears in the Army 
 Lists for the last time in ijqj.'/i'B. H. 'M. G. 165. 3F. B. 
 278: F. C. 133. '•B. N. 13. 5F. E. 40. 'F. B. 482. 'F. E. 
 39, 100.] 
 
Appendix No, 14.. 4.77 
 
 NO. 14. 
 
 Lieut. Colonel John Peters, 
 Queen's Loyal Rangers. 
 
 John Peters was born at Hebron, Connecticut, in 174O', and 
 was the son of John Peters, " who was an inveterate Re- 
 publican and a confirmed Rebel," — in the words of the Rev. 
 Samuel Peters, the author of the History of Connecticut, and 
 a brother of the elder Peters, and hence an uncle of the subject 
 of this sketch. John Peters, referred to in the text, was a 
 cousin, likewise, of the John S. Peters who was governor of 
 Connecticut. He graduated at Yale College in the class of 
 1759, became a lawyer, and, in 1766, removed with his 
 family from Hebron to Gloucester County, New York, or the 
 Hampshire Grants, afterwards a part of Vermont, where he 
 erected some mills and cultivated his lands. He held various 
 civil offices at his new place of abode.' He was commissioned 
 a justice of the peace March 16, 1770, and county clerk, 
 and clerk of the Court of Common Pleas on the next day. 
 March 5, 1772, he was re-commissioned as county clerk, and 
 April 10, 1772, he became one of the assistant justices of the 
 Inferior court of Common Pleas.' On the 28th of the same 
 month of April he became the colonel of a regiment of militia, 
 and Oct. 26, 1774', he was re-commissioned as a justice of 
 the peace anJ was also appointed a judge of the Inferior 
 Court of Common Pleas." In 1774 he represented Gloucester 
 County as a member of the provincial congress, but he never 
 believed in independence, and while on his way to congress he 
 
4.78 Appendix No, 14.. 
 
 told his uncle, Samuel Peters, " that Independence was the 
 view of many people, especially of the Dissenting Ministers and 
 Smuggling Merchants ; but if he should find the Congress 
 inclined that way he would leave them and return home;" 
 and he subsequently wrote his uncle from Philadelphia, ** that 
 Independence was the sole aim of Congress, and to cover 
 their design had enjoined an oath of secrecy upon each member, 
 which he had refused and was then about to return home." 
 In a memorial to the Lords of the Treasury he wrote of this 
 period as follows — " that in the year 1772 (he) was appoint'd 
 by the Governor of New York, Colonel of the Militia, a Judge 
 of the Court of Quarter Sessions and Common Pleas, Surrogate 
 and Register of the County of Gloucester, in the Province of 
 New York, in which offices he continued to serve his Majesty 
 till 1776, when after being often Mobbed and once imprisoned 
 by the Malcontents he quitted his Family, Property, and Offices 
 and fled to Canada to avoid Personal Danger and to Support 
 the British Cause against its Enemies."' 
 
 He was in Canada as early as June 30, 1776, as shown by 
 the following letter from one of Sir Guy Carleton's staff to 
 Major French : — 
 
 Chambly, ipth June^ 1776. 
 
 " Sir: This will be delivered to you by a Mr. John Peters 
 and a Joseph Skinner, who have just left the Rebels, the first 
 having been among them some time, as he says, only to seek 
 an opportunity of escaping into a place of safety, from the 
 persecution of the Emissaries of the Congress, as he is at this 
 time a Colonel of Militia in the province of New York and a 
 friend of government, and he has never held any Commission 
 
Appendix No, 14. 479 
 
 or employment under the Rebels ; he says he is acquainted 
 with a Mr. Finlay, a Mr. Hay, Merchants at Montreal, and 
 Mr. Ferries, an Innkeeper, and President of the seminary, 
 people who all know the truth of his assertions : The 
 General has therefore allowed the said Peters and Skinner, 
 who has been a Surgeon's mate amongst the Rebels, but had 
 served against his inclination, to go to Montreal, and have it 
 in command to acquaint you that they may reside there, at 
 Liberty, provided their behaviour is conformable to their pro- 
 fessions, and that upon inquiry you find the gentlemen whom 
 Peters names, confirm the story in any degree. "> 
 
 Peters himself says that he went as a volunteer with Gen. 
 Carleton on Lake Champlain in the autumn of 1776.' In 1777 
 he was promised a lieutenant-colonel's commission when he 
 should have raised two-thirds of a battalion*, and under such 
 promise he assumed command of a skeleton battalion called 
 the Queen's Loyal Rangers, in the hope of recruiting it suffic- 
 iently to entitle him to demand the redemption of the promise. 
 Instead of strengthening his corps by the accession of loyalists 
 at Bennington where he was sent with Baum, it was very 
 badly cut up and depleted there. A monthly return of the 
 Queen's Loyal Rangers commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel 
 John Peters, Zadock Wright, Major, Justus Sherwood, 
 Jeremiah French, David McFall, captains,— made Aug. 7, 
 1777, shows 262 men. After this return Simeon Covil, 
 Andrew Palmitier, Francis Hogeland and James Pennock, 
 captains, with above 190 men, many of whom, however, 
 according to Lieutenant-Colonel Peters, were not mustered for 
 lack of time, joined the regiment and were in the battle of 
 Bennington. After the battle the monthly return of Oct. 2d, 
 
4.8o Appendix No, 14. 
 
 1777, was 154 remaining of the 452; consequently 298 men 
 were killed, wounded and made prisoners, or deserted. Gen. 
 Burgoyne thanked Peters for his braverv and good conduct on 
 his return to Saratoga, and he served throughout the campaign, 
 taking part in its various actions ; and, according to Burgoyne, 
 he - behaved with great spirit and zeal upon all occasions." On 
 the night before the Saratoga Convention was signed, Peters 
 and the other Provincial oflBcers, who were serving without 
 commissions, were granted permission to withdraw from 
 Burgoyne's army and attempt, if possible, their escape mto 
 Canada, which was accomplished in safety. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Peters, in his memorial to the Lords of 
 the Treasury, which has before been referred to, proceeds in 
 this wise:— "Your Memorialist on his return to Canada, 
 from the disastrous events at Bennington and Saratoga, was 
 allowed nine Shillings per diem on the Subsistence List by 
 Sir Guy Carleton, till 1 . Official return should be made by 
 General Burgoyne, anc ^ said Subsistence Money since con- 
 tinued was to be considered as part pay on the Commission of 
 Lieut. Colonel of the Queen's Loyal Rangers. 
 
 «' Your Memorialist at a Board of Commissioners appomted 
 by Gen. Haldimand in 1780, was allowed his Pay as Lieut.- 
 Col°. Commandam of the Queen's Loyal Rangers, to October 
 24th, 1777, except Batandforrage, and Warrant Money, which 
 was not allowed by the Commissioners in Consequence of 
 Gen. Haldimand's instructions, although General Burgoyne 
 (in General Orders) had promised the same pay to the Loyal 
 Provincials as the King's Troops received. 
 
Appendix No. 14. 481 
 
 " Your Memorialist continued to serve and Inlist Men as 
 Lieut-Colonel Commandant of the Queen's Loyal Rangers, 
 from his first appointment in 1777 till November 12th, 1778, 
 when General Haldimand was pleased (in General Orders) to 
 appoint Lieut. Colonel John Peters (of the Queen's Loyal 
 Rangers) * as Capt. of Invalids,' and since that time Gen. 
 Haldimand as your Memorialist is informed has returned 
 ' Lieutenant Col°. John Peters' for reasons unknown to your 
 Memorialist to the Secretary of States Office as Cap', in Major 
 Edward Jessup's Corps, and not as Lieu'. Colonel of the 
 Queen's Loyal Rangers. 
 
 '• Your Memorialist therefore prays your Lordship to take 
 his Case into consideration, and to give him that Justice which 
 h'j Services and Commission as Lieutenant Colonel Com- 
 mandant of the Queen's Loyal Rangers merrit — humbly con- 
 ceiving that the Justice of the British Nation will place him on 
 the List of half-Pay as Lieu'. Colonel and not as Captain only 
 in Major Edward Jessups Corps, and that if his Excellency 
 General Haldimand had meant in his Return to degrade your 
 Memorialist, his Excellency would first have taken care by a 
 Court-martial to have had him Cashiered."' 
 
 By an " Abstract of Sub'" claimed bv the several Corps of 
 Loyalists for the Campaign 1777 under Lieut. Gen'^ Burgoyne 
 and likewise private claims for prov'' furnished to his army as 
 adjudged by a Board of Officers assembled at St. John's- in 
 February 1781," X664.11.5f was allotted " To John Peters, 
 Esq., Sub'" for the Corps under his Command per acc't."' 
 By a warrant, evidently ante-dated Quebec, July 19, 1779, 
 issued by order of Gen. Haldimand for the payment of 
 61 
 
482 Appendix No, 14-. 
 
 £1634.8.10, " being the allowance made for the present relief 
 of several Corps of Royalists belonging to Gen. Burgoyne's 
 Army, and sundry other persons who have taken refuge in this 
 province from the Rebellious Colonies between the 25th June 
 and 24th August 1779, in^.," £299.7-8» was paid to "Mr. 
 Peters' Party," consisting of 61 men ; and of this amount £30 
 each, was paid to John Peters, Zadock Wright, Justus Sher- 
 wood and Francis Hogal.^ 
 
 Gen. Haldimand, clearly, did not have a high opinion of 
 Peters' military talents, as he wrote to Lord George Germaine 
 from Quebec, 13th Sept., 1779, ^^ follows: "The case of 
 Colonel Peters shall also be inquired into. I believe him an 
 honest man, and a good subject, but he was not reported to 
 me, nor have I found him the able Partizan he is represented 
 to your Lordship."' This opinion may account for Haldi- 
 mand's appointing Major Edward Jessup to the command, 
 when, in the latter part of 1781, he formed a new corps out of 
 former loyalists corps in Canada, an act of which Lt.-Col. 
 Peters, as we have seen, strongly complained. In the list of 
 the officers of that corps, with the dates of their commissions, 
 under the head of " Invalids," appears the name of " Lieut.- 
 Col. John Peters as Captain 18th Nov., I78i."8 
 
 Hard indeed, was the lot of the loyalists in the Revolution 
 after the war was over, and Lieut.-Colonel Peters' experience 
 is a fair illustration of the treatment they received. His prop- 
 erty in Gloucester County was confiscated by the Americans, 
 as he was included in the New York Bill of Attainder. Unable 
 to obtain even the pay due him for his military services, much 
 less his promised commission from the English officials, through 
 
Appendix No, 15. 483 
 
 an agent in London, Lieut.-Colonel Peters left his family at 
 Cape Breton, where he had settled after the war, and went 
 himself to England in 1785, but met with no better success. 
 He remained there about three years vainly urging his claims 
 for compensation for the losses of his estate before the " Com- 
 missioners of American Claims," and for his seven years back 
 pay as lieutenant-colonel of the Loyal Rangers. Burgoyne 
 never having given the Provincial officers their commissions, 
 the pay office declined to pay till the commissions were pro- 
 duced ; thus the unfortunate men were defrauded. He never 
 returned to America, but died at Paddington, London, of gout 
 in the head and stomach, while still pressing his claim. He 
 left a wife and eight children.9 ['G. R. 686-692. »F. N. 
 App. 769. 3F. B. 47. '•B. N. 102, App. 20. 5F. Q. 94. 
 «F. F. 150-154. 'F. H. 134. «F. E. 181. 9K. V. V., 183.] 
 
 NO. 15. 
 
 HUBBARDTON AND CoL. HaLE. 
 
 The seventy Americans captured by the stratagem of the 
 British officer with fifteen men, can, we think, refer only to 
 Col. Nathan Hale and a part of the Second New Hampshire 
 Regiment i for no considerable number of the Americans sur- 
 rendered in a bodv on the retreat from Hubbardton, other than 
 he and a portion of his battalion. 
 
 Col. Nathan Hale, the youngest son of Moses Hale, by bis 
 wife, Elizabeth Wheeler, was born in Hampstead, N, H., 
 
4.84. Appendix No, 15. 
 
 Sept. 23, 1743 i removed with his father to Rindge about 1760 ; 
 married Abigail, daughter of Col. John and Joanna [Boynion] 
 Grout, of Lunenburg, Mass., Jan. 28, 1766 ; was the first con- 
 stable of Rindge at its organization in 1768 ; was moderator of 
 the annual town meetings in 1773, 1774 and 1775; was cap- 
 tain of a company of minute men in 1774 1 marched his com- 
 pany to Cambridge on the alarm of the battle of Lexington in 
 April, 1775 ; was commissioned major of the 3d New Hamp- 
 shire Regiment June 2, 1775, lieut.-colonel of the 2d New 
 Hampshire Nov. 8, 1776, and colonel April 2, 1777- ^e was 
 at Bunker Hill in 1775, and served under Washington, in 
 1776, in New York and New Jersey. He was with St. Clair, 
 in 1777, at Ticonderoga until its evacuation, and he was taken 
 prisoner at Hubbardton.' 
 
 Col. Hale was a most unfortunate officer, as his conduct in 
 two actions was questioned. In the first he was fully vin- 
 dicated ; but he died under a cloud, a prisoner, after having 
 been arrested for treason, and without having been brought to 
 trial,-no opportunity having been afforded him to clear himself 
 of the charges against him. March 29th, 1777, the New Hamp- 
 shire legislature raised a committee "to make Enquiry mto the 
 character of Colonel Nathan Hale as to his behaviour m the 
 late action at Trenton, and to report thereon." The journal of 
 the New Hampshire House of Representatives for Tuesday, 
 April ist, 1777, contains this record : " The Com'tee appointed 
 to make enquiry into the character of Col». Nathan Hale as to 
 his behaviour in the late action at Trentown (Princetown) and 
 elsewhere made report : 
 
 «' That nothing appears to your Com'tee against the char- 
 
Appendix No, 15. 485 
 
 acter of the said Col°. Hale as an officer in the engagement 
 at Trentown or elsewhere. 
 
 '* Signed 
 
 " N. GiLMAN, Ch'". 
 
 t( 
 
 Which report being read, Voted That the same be not re- 
 ceived, but that it be Dismist." 
 
 The next day, April 2d, 1777, the legislature, " Voted, 
 That Col°. Nathan Hale be & hereby is appointed Colonel of 
 the Continental Battalion lately commanded by CoK Enoch 
 Poor, who is advanced."' 
 
 Hadden's version confirms Ethan Allen's statement, that 
 Hale surrendered to " an inconsiderable number of the enemy " ; 
 for Allen, in writing of the affair at Hubbardton, says: — '*lt 
 was by this time dangerous for those of both parties who were 
 not prepared for the world to come ; but Col. Hale being 
 apprised of the danger, never brought his regiment to the 
 charge, but left Warner and Francis to stand the blowing of 
 it, and fled, but luckily fell in with an inconsiderable number of 
 the enemy, and to his eternal shame, surrendered himself a 
 prisoner. "3 A letter, evidently written by a member of Col. 
 Cilley's New Hampshire Regiment (which was on the retreat 
 from Ticonderoga, but not in the engagement at Hubbardton), 
 dated Moses' Creek, July 17th, 1777, and indorsed, " Letter 
 from Cogan to Gen'l John Stark," &c., to be found in vol. 8, 
 of the New Hampshire State Papers, page 640, gives a very 
 graphic account of the disorder and confusion attending the 
 retreat from Ticonderoga. Although his regiment was not in the 
 action, Cogan writes as if he had been ; and undoubtedly many, 
 
486 Appendix No, 15. 
 
 who had straggled from their regiments, were with the rear- 
 guard. The letter is as follows : — 
 
 " Moses Creek, July 17, 1777. 
 
 " Dear Colonel. 
 
 "Our situation puts me in mind of what I have heard you 
 often say of Ticonderoga. Such a Retreat was never heard of 
 since the Creation of the world. I was ordered about five of 
 the Clock in the afternoon to draw forty-eight Rounds pr man : 
 afterwards, nine days allowance of provision which I compleated 
 about 2 of the clock in the morning, and about the time I got 
 home the Tents were struck, and all was ordered to retreat ; 
 but it was day light before we got below your old house ; such 
 order surprised both officers & soldiers ; then they wished for 
 General Sullivan to the Northern army again ; they left all 
 the Continental cloathing there ; in short every article that 
 belonged to the army ; which if properly conducted might be 
 easily saved. Surely we were fifty thousand times better off 
 than General Sullivan was in Canada last year ; our men was 
 in high spirits, and determined to a man to stick by the lines 
 till they lost their lives, rather than quit so advantageous a 
 Post } Drove us a long two or three & thirty miles that day, 
 till the Rear Guard got to Bowman's Camp ; the men being 
 so fatigued were obliged to stay, and were attacked in the morn- 
 ing by the Regulars, who travell'd all Night, and just got up 
 by the time we were beginning to march in a disorderly manner ; 
 our men being in confusion, and made no great of a Battle. 
 But some behaved & some did not. Col°. Reed acted his part 
 very well. Col°. Hale they said did not. Col°. Hale is either 
 kiird or taken. Little Dwyer behaved like a lusty fellow & 
 
Appendix No. 15. 487 
 
 died in the Bed of Honour j as nearly as I could conjecture, 
 we had odds of a thousand that attacked them ; our main body 
 was within six miles of us, the Indians took & killed a vast 
 number of our men on their Retreats ; then was hurried at an 
 unmerciful rate thro' the woods at the rate of thirty-five miles a 
 day, oblidg'd to kill oxen belonging to the Inhabitants wherever 
 we got them ; before they were half-skinned every soldier was 
 oblidged to take a bit & half Roast it over the fire, then before 
 half done was oblidged to March, — it is thought we went 100 
 miles for fear of seeing a Regular (I mean out of the way) 
 there never was a field officer consulted, whether we should 
 retreat or not, which makes them very uneasy ; so that the 
 blame of our Retreat must fall on our Commanders ; never 
 was soldiers in such a condition without cloaths, victuals or 
 drink & constantly wet. Caleb* and I are just as our mothers 
 bore us without the second shirt, the second pair of shoes, 
 stockings or coats, — but however its all in the Continenta/.f 
 Caleb does vastly better than he ever did with you. Col". 
 Cilley is very fond of us. Indeed, I suppose we are pretty 
 diligent for the most part. Give my compliments to Peggy, 
 Arch & Jenny & Martha. 
 
 " I am Respects Yours, &c.. 
 
 " N. B. The officers lost their Baggage, writings & all. The 
 Rear Guard were mostly Invalids, and our Gen" took away 
 the main Body, and even refused to send assistance when the 
 Cols, begged him to do it." 
 
 " Indorsed — ' Letter from Cogan to Gen' John Stark,' &c." 
 
 * " Caleb was the eldest son of Gen. John Stark. — Ed, 
 ^ " This word is mutilated. 
 
488 Appendix No, \S^ 
 
 Gen. Stark in writing to the New Hampshire Committee of 
 Safety from Charlestown, No. 4, July SO^h, I777> '^us refers 
 to the preceding letter : " As you informed me when I saw you 
 last, that you had not received any account from any Gentle- 
 man in the army since the desertion of Ticonderoga, I likewise 
 inclose you a Copy of a letter 1 received from Mr. Coggan 
 and by the best information is as near the truth as any you may 
 receive. I have shewed it to CoK Bellows and a number of 
 other officers that was present, and they say they could all 
 sign it." * 
 
 Col. Hale left Ticonderoga for his home in Rindge, July 20, 
 1777, on a limited parole, not to serve again until exchanged. 
 A letter from Gen. Lincoln, dated Bennington, Aug. 25, 1777, 
 to the " Council of New Hampshire " contains these sentences: 
 " On the 24th I received an order from Gen. Gates in the 
 words following : * Gen. Gates desires Gen. Lincoln will send 
 a letter to the State of New Hampshire to have Colonel Hale 
 immediately apprehended, and brought prisoner to Albany, to 
 answer an accusation of high treason exhibited against him.' 
 I must, Gentlemen, intreat your aid in this matter and that 
 Colonel Hale may be sent to Albany agreeable to the above 
 request." In compliance with this request the Committee of 
 Safety ordered the arrest of Col. Hale, Sept. 4th.5 No trial or 
 examination seems to have been had, so far as we can ascertain, 
 and Col. Hale remained at Rindge till June 14, 1779, when, 
 not having been exchanged, he returned within the enemy's 
 lines, pursuant to his parole ; and he remained a prisoner till 
 his death at New Utrecht, Long Island, Sept. 23, 1780.' 
 
 If Col. Hale was arrested for his conduct at Hubbardton, the 
 charge of cowardice, rather than treason, would seem to have 
 
Appendix No, 15. 4.89 
 
 been the most proper one. The preceding is all we have been 
 able to find derogatory to Col. Hale, except the mere repetition 
 of later writers ; and an unfortunate uncertainty hangs over 
 him. 
 
 Col. Hale has zealous defenders in Mr. Ezra S. Stearns, in 
 his History of Rindge, N. H., pages 148 to 155, and in the Hon. 
 Winslow C. Watson, in his History of Essex County, N. Y., 
 pages 183 to 185, and also in an article in The American 
 Historical Record for 1873, pag" 455 to 460. We should 
 infer that neither of these gentlemen had seen the papers printed 
 in vol. 8, of the New Hampshire State Papers, as neither refer 
 to Cogan's,or Coggan's, letter, reinforced by the one from Stark, 
 or to the fact that Col. Hale was ordered under arrest by 
 Gen. Gates ; both treating Ethan Allen's charge against Hale 
 as the only tangible one to their knowledge. 
 
 Mr. Watson has neglected to give his authority for the state- 
 ment that Col. Hale, on his retreat, " was intercepted by a 
 British column ;'' and we have been able to find none for it. 
 If we understand the testimony of the Earl of Balcarres, and of 
 the Earl of Harrington, then Lord Petersham*, both British partic- 
 ipants in the battle, there was no pursuit beyond Hubbardton. 
 According to Anburey, there could have been no pursuit after 
 the battle, at least by anything worthy the name of a column ; 
 and he, at that time, was serving as a volunteer in Lord Peter- 
 sham's company — the grenadiers of the 29th. This author 
 speaks of the grenadiers pursuing into the woods a party of 
 Americans that had fired upon them, and to whom they gave 
 no quarter ; but this was a part of the battle, more or less of 
 which took place in the woods ; and he says, alluding to the 
 62 
 
490 Appendix No, 15. 
 
 Americans, "even after the action was over, there were lurking 
 parties hovering about the woods." Anburey further says : 
 '^ When General f raser had posted the corps in an advanta- 
 geous state of defence, and made some log works, as he ex- 
 pected we should be attacked, his next thoughts were, how to 
 refresh the men after the fatigues of the day, provisions being 
 unable to be forwarded, on account of the country's being very 
 hilly ; a detachment was sent to shoot some bullocks that were 
 running in the woods, these were distributed in ratios to the 
 men, which they eat, dressed upon wood ashes, without either 
 bread or salt." ' Gen. Fraser's expectation of being attacked 
 seems to have been one reason why no pursuit was made ; and 
 the fatigue of his men, who were without provisions, was un- 
 doubtedly another. The cattle party, or a portion of it, referred 
 to in the above extract, was, doubtless, the very one that 
 Hadden speaks of as capturing Hale. We think it is clear from 
 Anburey, and indeed from the necessities of the case, that the 
 cattle party was sent out very soon after the engagement ; but 
 whether it was or not, may not be important, as we do not 
 know when Hale was captured, or how soon the fatigue of his 
 men lulled them into a sufficient sense of security to allow 
 them to lag upon the road, or to halt to rest. 
 
 In weighing the evidence upon this matter of Col. Hale's con- 
 duct at Hubbardton, too much stress must not be laid upon the 
 mere fact of personal presence or absence of the writers at or 
 from the battlefield ; for of those present in the action but very 
 few, comparatively, could speak of their own personal knowledge 
 any more positively than if they had been a hundred miles 
 away. Whoever has been in action knows, from experience, 
 how very limited, at best, is the range of one's observation ; and 
 
appendix No. 15. 491 
 
 when coupled with the utter occupation of mind and thought 
 with what is passing close at hand, even that narrow possible 
 range of vision becomes contracted indeed. Contemporaries 
 enjoying opportunities of converse with those presctjt who 
 saw whereof they affirmed, are far more full and valuable upon 
 a given point, than those who, though present, attempt to 
 describe of their own knowledge what they did not see, for 
 they had no personal knowledge ; and, if these latter describe 
 at all, they must necessarily relate from hearsay, and hence, 
 are on no better footing than persons not present, who enjoyed 
 opportunities of gleaning from those who were both present 
 and happened to see the particular point in hand. The two 
 British officers, Hadden and Anburey, fuinish good illustrations 
 of this. Hadden was an artillery officer, and, there being no 
 artillery at Hubbardton, of course was not present in that engage- 
 ment, though he had ample opportunities of conversing with the 
 British officers of Fraser's Brigade, when it rejoined the main 
 army. Anburey, as we have seen, was a volunteer in the 
 grenadiers of the 29th Foot, which took an active part in the 
 action at Hubbardton. Hadden tells us that a British officer 
 with fifteen men, by a ruse, captured seventy rebels, as he terms 
 the Americans ; and this is in accord with Ethan Allen's state- 
 ment. Anburey says, vol. i, p. 335 : " After the action was 
 over, a Colonel with the remains of his regiment, to the amount 
 of 230, came and surrendered himself prisoners." These 
 are the only two accounts of just how Hale was captured, that 
 have come down to us ; and there can be no question that the 
 version of the relator not in the action, is more reliable than 
 that of the one that was there present. No other author than 
 Anburey, puts the number of prisoners taken with Hale at more 
 
492 Appendix No. 15. 
 
 than 100. Burgoyne says the whole number of prisoners cap 
 tured at Hubbardton was only 210; and Capt. Enos Stone of 
 Col. Francis' regiment, the nth Massachusetts, who was him- 
 self a prisoner, gives it at 219^ \ and we know there were many 
 captured from other regiments than Hale's, If Hale volun- 
 tarily sought the British and surrendered himself and the 
 remnant of his command, as Anburey would lead us to infer, 
 then it is no wonder that he was ordered to be arrested for 
 treason. No one besides Anburey, that we can discover, 
 however, imputes any such conduct to Hale ; and though 
 this writer was present in the action and is reliable on many 
 points, his statement in regard to Hale is not from the proba- 
 bilities of the case, coupled with what facts are fully established, 
 nearly as worthy of credit as are the statements of Hadden and 
 Allen. 
 
 We believe that Hadden's version of the manner of Hale's 
 capture, corroborated as it is, in a measure, by ^than Allen, an 
 American contemporary, is practically correct ; but, while it is 
 clear that Hale won no laurels at Hubbardton, yet, whether 
 he is justly open to Allen's fierce denunciation on account 
 of his capture, admits of very great doubt. Ethan Allen was 
 constitutionally rash— indeed, utterly reckless— and his preju- 
 <lices would be roused against, and his charity entirely withheld 
 from, the victim of such a ruse as was practised upon Hale ; so 
 that no combination of adverse circumstances would serve in 
 his mind to extenuate Hale, or to soften his judgment. This 
 trait in Allen's character operated most injuriously against the 
 American cause in Canada, and resulted in his own capture 
 with a handful of men, before Montreal, in 1775. This dan- 
 gerous characteristic was well known to the men who knew 
 Allen best, for " the Committee of the several townships on 
 
Appendix No, 15. 493 
 
 the west side of the range of Green Mountains," when assem- 
 bled at Dorset in July, 1775, declined to nominate him to 
 command the regiment of Green Mountain Boys; the vote 
 standing 41 for Scth Warner, to 5 for Allen, though the latter's 
 zeal and activity in raising the corps had entitled him to believe 
 that he would be selected for the first position, and Warner for 
 the second, instead of being ignored entirely,' Gen. Schuyler, 
 in writing to the president of Congress from Ticonderoga, 
 Oct. 5, 1775, after Allen's fiasco before Montreal, gives this 
 unflattering estimate of Allen : " I am very apprehensive of dis- 
 agreeable consequences arising from Mr. Allen's imprudence. 
 I always dreaded his impatience of subordination ; and it was 
 not until after a solemn promise, made in the presence of several 
 officers, that he would demean himself properly, that I would 
 permit him to attend the Army ; nor would I have consented 
 then, had not his solicitations been backed by several officers.'"" 
 An unfortunate uncertainty exists as to the exact part Hale 
 acted at Hubbardton. Cogan's allusion in his letter, to Hale's 
 conduct, is too general to be very strong or authoritative ; and 
 it is by no means clear that the officers, whom Stark says con- 
 firmed his statements, meant to refer at all to the single hearsay 
 remark about Hale, but only to the general disorder, confusion 
 and hardship of the retreat from Ticonderoga, which made up 
 the substance of the letter. Had the charge of treason, upon 
 a sober consideration, had any foundation, even in cowardice, 
 lome light, certainly, it would seem, would have been afforded 
 us by a trial or examination ; but only a dead blank greets us. 
 Had Hale behaved unquestionably bad, as Allen asserts, surely 
 the evidence could not have been suppressed to posterity ; 
 and yet, where one would expect a flood of light, only an unccr- 
 
494- Appendix No. 15. 
 
 tain glimmer is given us. It is as confusing as it is surprising, 
 that where a question was raised, or could have been raised, in 
 regard to the conduct of one of the only three colonels at Hub- 
 bardton, so little authentic information in regard to it is to be 
 found. The newspapers of the day", — Warner, the immediate 
 commander at Hubbardton", — St. Clsir, who commanded all the 
 retreating troops from Ticonderoga, — the only three American 
 participrnt.3 in the action leaving journals or diaries that have 
 come dovw >- to us — all preserve an utter silence as to any mis- 
 behaviour on the part of Hale; while some of them reflect 
 upon others they deemed blameable. The Continental "Journal 
 for July 24, 1777, and the Boston Gazette for July 28, 1777, 
 contain the following extract in regard to Hubbardton, from a 
 letter from Albany dated July 14, 1777, viz : — " Never did nor 
 can troops behave better than ours on this occasion. We how- 
 ever lost some brave officers, among whom is Col. Francis 
 from Massachusetts. This gentleman behaved like a hero i 
 and so did the rest of the officers in general.' Gen. Schuyler 
 wrote to Col. Warner from Fort Edward, July 15th, 1777, as 
 follows — -" I am favored with yours of yesterday. * * 
 Thank the troops in my name for behaving so well as you say 
 they did at Flubbard Town." " Warner certainly must have 
 known whether Hale and his regiment behaved well or ill ; and 
 
 d. Cape. Moses Greeoleaf of Col. and Francis* regiments were in Brig. 
 
 Ebenezer Francis' regiment, the nth Gen. Patterson's brigade. How it hap- 
 
 Massachusetts, says that on July 6tb, penrd that Hale's regiment took the 
 
 1777, that being the day after the night place of Brewer's, and why Gen. Patter- 
 
 Ticonderoga was evacuated, " our Bri- son was not in command of his brigade 
 
 gade March'd in the rear this day.'' Ac- that day, especially when it was perform- 
 
 cording to Gen. St. Clair's order of ing to important a duty as covering a 
 
 June 13, 1777, brigading th« troops, retreat, we have not been able to uccr- 
 
 Hale was in Brig. Gen. DeRoche Fer- tain. [£. X : H. D.] 
 moy's brigade; and Warner's, Brewer's 
 
Appendix No, 15. 4.95 
 
 had cither behaved badly, truth would not have permitted him to 
 make such a report to his superior officer as would have elicited 
 the above reply from Schuyler. 
 
 i Agam, if Hale misbehaved as grossly as Allen asserts, it is 
 truly extraordinary that we have been informed of the unusual 
 display of emotion on the part of Warner when Francis' regi- 
 ment broke, but that no expression of disappointment or disap- 
 proval has come down to us when Hale retired ; for it must be 
 remembered that all three of the American regiments were, 
 sooner or later, forced to retire ; Warner's being the last. Chip- 
 man, who knew Warner personally, says: " Warner was dis- 
 tinguished for his cool courage, and perfect self possession, on 
 all occasions. But in one instance, was he ever known to be 
 agitated for a moment, or deprived of self possession, by any 
 disastrous occurrence, however sudden and unexpected. In 
 the battle at Hubbardton, Francis' regiment gave way, owing, 
 as it afterwards appeared, to the loss of their Colonel. Warner 
 had repulsed the enemy, who had rallied and renewed the 
 charge, but were again brou;^ht to a stand by a deadly fire from 
 his Green Mountain Boys. At this anxious and exciting 
 moment, Warner saw Francis' regiment retreating and the 
 battle lost. This was too much even for the nerve of War- 
 ner. He dropped down upon a log by which he stood and 
 poured out a torrent of execrations upon the flying troops j 
 but he instantly rose, and in a most collected manner, ordered 
 his regiment to Manchester."'^ 
 
 Another strange circumstance connected with this affair, if 
 Hale justly deserves Allen's censure, is that Gen. St. Clair 
 who commanded at Ticonderoga, and therefore was in the 
 
49^ Appendix No, 15. 
 
 general command of all the troops on the retreat, criticises 
 Warner, first, for halting at Hubbardton over night, and 
 secondl , having halted there, for not resuming his march earlier 
 the next morning. He also reflects severely upon Colonels 
 Bellows and Alcott for not obeying his orders to reinforce Col. 
 Warner. '< Nowhere, however, does St. Clair throw out so 
 much as an insinuation against Col. Hale ; but, on the contrary, 
 he indulges in a gen^.^l praise of the troops at Hubbardton 
 that would include Hale and his regiment. In writing to Gen. 
 Schuyler, July 8th, St. Clair says of those troops, — '* they 
 made a very obstinate defence, and I have good reason to think, 
 killed and wounded a great number of the enemy." Again he 
 says of them, in a letter to Gov. Bowdoin, dated July 9th, — 
 "they defended themselves very well, and though obliged to 
 retreat, killed and wounded a great many of the enemy." 
 Finally, in writing to Washington July 17th, he says, — "they 
 sustained the attack with great bravery, but were finally obliged 
 to give way. "'5 
 
 Neither Capt. Moses Greenleaf, nor Capt. Enos Stone, 
 both of Col. Francis' regiment, the latter of whom was taken 
 prisoner at Hubbardton, nor Ebenezer Fletcher, a fifer in 
 Capt. Carr's company in Col. Hale's regiment, who was also 
 taken prisoner there, make any disparaging allusion to Col. Hale 
 in their several journals or diaries. Belknap, the historian of 
 New Hampshire, who lived during the Revolution, and in 
 his own words [vol. 2, page 332, note] had "an intimate ac- 
 quaintance with many persons, of all ranks, who were instru- 
 mental of conducting the American revolution, through all its 
 stages," and was favored with '* a perusal of many of their 
 confidential letters" [vol. 2, page 411], must have known the 
 
Appendix No, 15. 4.97 
 
 truth, whatever it was, about so prominent a person as the 
 colonel of one of the Continental battalions from New Hamp 
 shire, and though he speaks of Hubbardton and Hale's capture, 
 yet he writes nothing about any misconduct. 
 
 Stearns, in his History of Rindge, pai^e 1 50, in writing of Col. 
 Hale, says with much force, — '* While visiting his family on 
 parole he was received with kindness and honor by his neigh- 
 bours and acquaintances. He was not only a participant in 
 the town-meetings held during the continuance of his parole, 
 but on two occasions he was appointed on important commit- 
 tees. Without the concurring testimony of tradition, this 
 fact is convincing evidence that his townsmen saw nothing in 
 his conduct to question or condemn. It is not to be presumed 
 that in a town meeting they would have recognized with favor 
 any citizen who had been guilty of unbecoming conduct in 
 presence of the enerny. except through ignorance, and this they 
 could not plead, since Lieut. James Crumbie, an officer in 
 Hale's regiment, and present at the battle of Hubbardston, 
 had been at home several months before these meetings were 
 held ; and many others had returned from a service in which 
 they were associated with the men in Hale's battalion, and 
 could not have failed in a knowledge of his misconduct, if such 
 had been current in the regiment." Stearns likewise says on 
 page 154, — " As soon as Col. Hale was apprized of these 
 charges, he firmly invited the most rigid examination of his 
 conduct, and made an instant appeal to General Washington 
 for an exchange and an opportunity of vindicating his character 
 before a court martial, affirming in the language of presump- 
 tive innocence, his ability to successfully defend himself against 
 any charges that could be made against him. His early death 
 63 
 
498 Appendix No, 15. 
 
 arrested all proceedings in answer to his appeal. It should not 
 be forgotten that, dying within the enemy's lines, he never had 
 an opportunity of vindicating his conduct before his country- 
 men or a military tribunal, or to refute an ex parte charge con- 
 cerning which his lips were sealed. The animus of the attack 
 upon Col. Hale is not clearly discerned through the accumu- 
 lating mist of a century ; but no evidence appears except his 
 own conjecture in his appeal to Washington, that it originated 
 in the jealousy of his inferior officers. It is certain that the 
 accusation, whatever may have been its source, has never been 
 sustained by the production, or even promise, of evidence," &c. 
 
 It is to be regretted that the exact terms of Hale's applica- 
 tion to Washington have not been given, so that each might 
 judge for himself of their significance. As the order for Hale's 
 arrest for treason was made September 4, 1777, and he re- 
 mained at Rindge until June 14, 1779 — more than a year and 
 nine months after the date of the order for arrest, it would seem 
 as if there must have been time enough for a trial, had there 
 been any charges in the mind of Washington sufficiently grave 
 to warrant one. If a paroled prisoner could have been arrested 
 for treason, he could equally well have been tried for it, and 
 the fact that Hale was not tried, shows to our mind that the 
 charges must have been withdrawn as baseless, almost as soon 
 as made. In those jealous and suspicious times, a man, who, 
 it was believed, could have been cashiered for treason or other 
 misconduct, would not have been continued along for two 
 years in the service as a colonel ; for Congress would have 
 grudged his pay, and ambitious subordinates would have 
 desired the vacancy for the sake of securing promotion. Hale's 
 not having been tried, appears to us a very significant and 
 
Appendix No, 15. 499 
 
 favorable circumstance for him, apart from the uncertainty it 
 leaves behind. A court of inquiry, which he probably sought, 
 seems not to have been thought by his superiors, necessary 
 enough to pay for the inconvenience it would occasion to con- 
 vene it ; so the uncertainty remains undispelled. The fact 
 that Col. Hale was at home in Rindge for two years after the 
 battle of Hubbardton, blunts, in a measure, the point of some of 
 Mr. Stearns' argument. 
 
 The following, it seems to us, is the most probable explana- 
 tion of Hale's conduct. The British invested Ticonderoga 
 July 3d, and, of course, the men were on active duty and were 
 under more or less strain from that date. July 5th, the British 
 were discovered on Sugar Loaf Hill, or Mount Defiance — 
 " the Mountain which overlooks Ti," as Capt. Greenleaf ex- 
 presses it, — and at 9 o'clock that evening the troops were 
 informed of the proposed evacuation. The *' night was em- 
 ployed in packing up stores and preparing for a retreat " — a 
 most demoralizing occupation, as every soldier knows. The 
 rear guard left Ticonderoga at 2 o'clock in the morning, and 
 Mount Independence ai 4'*, and the retreat commenced in 
 utter demoralization and confusion.'' Anburey, in speaking of 
 the British pursuit, says, " we marched * * in a very hot 
 and sultry day, over a continued succession of steep and woody 
 hills " ; and Capt. Greenleaf says, — *' after as fatigueing March 
 as I ever knew we arrived at a Town Call'd Hubbarton 22 
 Miles from the Mount." It should be borne in mind that 
 these retreating soldiers, with their arms, accout: • ments, knap- 
 sacks, canteens and haversacks, were in no pedestrian attire. 
 That night the tired, retreating Americans bivouacked in the 
 woods y but the night was disturbed, for, as Greenleaf says, 
 
500 Appendix No, 15. 
 
 *' the Indians took off a Gentry which Alarm'd our party which 
 were here " ; and Hale's regiment was with the rear guard, and 
 therefore there. The morning of the fight, according to Green- 
 leaf, they had heard that the British had captured Skenesborough 
 and all their baggage, so it would appear that there was no 
 element lacking to depress the morale of the troops ; and that 
 then was the time for their enemies to strike them a blow. 
 At that very moment the British improved their opportunity 
 and took the Americans by surprise. Anburey says, " At 
 three in the morning our march was renewed, and about five 
 we came up with the enemy, who were busily employed in 
 cooking their provisions." 
 
 The exact time of the beginning of the action is variously 
 fixed. Anburey says, five; Capt. Stone, seven*; Capt. Green- 
 leaf, a little after seven ; Ebenezer Fletcher, "just as the sun 
 rose," which, early in July, must have been about twenty 
 minutes before five j while Hadden gives it, at two, which is 
 palpably wrong, he probably having confused the hour of the 
 British beginning their march that morning, with the time of 
 their beginning the attack ; and two is an hour earlier even, 
 than Anburey says the British marched. The Americans all 
 admit that they were taken by surprise. Capt. Stone says, 
 ^' the Inemy came upon us without warning." Ebenezer 
 Pletcher, of Hale's regiment, gives this account of the action 
 until his regiment was driven back.'^ " The morning after our 
 retreat," he says, *' orders came very early for the troops to 
 refresh and be ready for marching. Some were eating, some 
 were cooking, and all in a very unfit posture for battle. Just 
 as the sun rose, there was a cry, ' the enemy are upon us,' Look- 
 
Appendix No, 15. 501 
 
 ing round I saw the enemy in line of battle. Orders came to 
 lay down our packs and be ready for action. The fire instantly 
 began. We were but few in number compared to the 
 enemy. At the commencement of the battle, many of our 
 party retreated back into the woods. Capt. Carr came up and 
 says, ' My lads advance, we shall beat them yet.' A few of 
 us followed him in view of the enemy. Every man was trying 
 to secure himself behind girdled trees, which were standing on 
 the place of action. I made shelter for myself and discharged 
 my piece. Having loaded again and taken aim, my piece 
 missed fire. I brought the same a second time to my face ; 
 but before I had time to discharge it, I received a musket ball 
 in the small of my back, and fell with my gun cocked. My 
 uncle, Daniel Foster, standing but little distance from me, I 
 made out to crawl to him and spoke to him. He and another 
 man lifted me and carried me back some distance and laid me 
 down behind a large tree, where was another man crying out 
 most bitterly with a grievous wound. By this time I had bled 
 so freely, I was very weak and faint. I observed the enemy 
 were like to gain the ground. Our men began to retreat and 
 the enemy to advance. Having no friend to afford me any 
 relief, every one taking care of himself, all things looked very 
 shocking to me ; to remain where I was and fall into the hands 
 of the enemy, especially in the conditional was in, expecting 
 to receive no mercy, it came into my mind to conceal myself 
 if possible. I made use of my hands and knees, as well as I 
 could, and crawled about two rods among some small brush, 
 and got under a log. Here I lay concealed from the enemy, 
 who came instantly to the place I lay wounded at. What 
 became of my distressed partner I know not. The enemy 
 
502 Appendix No, 15. 
 
 pursued our men in great haste. Some of them came 
 over the log where I lay. Some came so near I could almost 
 touch them. I was not discovered by the enemy till the battle 
 was over." Fletcher goes on to describe how he was dis- 
 covered by the British and conducted to their camp. " Here," 
 he says, ** I found a number of my brother soldiers in the same 
 situation as myself." Although there is no positive statement 
 to that effect, yet all the surrounding circumstances point to 
 the extreme probability, if not almost actual certainty, that 
 Hale's was the outlying and most exposed regiment, and was 
 in rear of Warner's and Francis' regiments, and so subject to 
 the enemy's first attack. 
 
 The accounts of all the participants above given, clearly 
 show that Warner's troops were taken by surprise, and St. 
 Clair so states. We have no means of knowing in exactly 
 what state Warner's regiment was when the enemy struck it, 
 as we have found no account by a member of that organization. 
 Francis' regiment had just been formed ; but Hale's regiment 
 was not formed, and the advancing enemy first struck this latter 
 regiment unformed, and, of course, in confusion, and hence 
 easily hurled it back ; while Warner and Francis being formed 
 and acting more in unison, were better able to resist. It is im- 
 possible to conceive exactly what Allen meant, by saying, 
 " Col. Hale being apprized of the danger, never brought his 
 regiment to the charge but left Warner and Francis to stand 
 the blowing of it, and fled." If he meant that Hale did not 
 form and fight in regimental formation at all, it was undoubtedly 
 true ; but the reason is apparent, and had the British attacked 
 but a^few minutes earlier, according to Greenleaf, they would 
 have found Francis' regiment likewise unformed. From a 
 
Appendix No, 15. 503 
 
 military stand-point, one would suppose that the commander of 
 the rear guard was to blame for not having pickets thrown far 
 enough out in his rear to have apprised him of the enemy's 
 advance in sufficient time to have formed his command to meet 
 them, and thus avoid a surprise ; and St. Clair certainly blamed 
 Warner, and did not mention Hale. 
 
 A quick, sharp, decisive action, beginning with a surprise 
 and ending with a rout, scattered the weary, retreating Amer- 
 icans, and hopelessly demoralized them. Francis' regiment 
 was ** overpowered by numbers," and broken to pieces ; and 
 Capt. Greenleaf brought off, of his company, only a wounded 
 sergeant and six men with him, a number of his company being 
 taken prisoners. Warner with less than one hundred and fifty 
 of his regiment, made his way to Manchester. Such a suc- 
 cession of demoralizing events begets a condition of mind 
 favorable to becoming a victim of stratagem, and a few 
 determined men, exhilarated by success just in proportion as 
 the other side was depressed by defeat, could effect vastly more 
 than could be accomplished under other circumstances. The 
 mountains were steep and woody, and afforded precisely the 
 position for such a ruse as Hadden describes. The combina- 
 tion of adverse circumstances had thickened round Hale darkly 
 enough to lead a discriminating student, to go with great caution 
 in weighing the justice of Ethan Allen's harsh judgment of 
 Hale's conduct. When Hale's band of about a hundred men, 
 therefore, came straggling on, as, under the circumstances, it is 
 not very strange it should, in no condition to form rapidly, and 
 unexpectedly encountered what by the nature of the position 
 and the arrangement of the British party seemed to be a sub- 
 
50+ Appendix No, 15. 
 
 stantial force intercepting it, and was Summoned to surrender, 
 Hale doubtless complied, with the idea of sparing the lives of 
 his men ; for, had the force been what he undoubtedly believed 
 it to be, it could easily have enforced its demand. The ruse 
 is not an uncommon one in war, and, under favoring circum- 
 stances, sometimes succeeds. Had not the conditions favored 
 in Hale's case, the British officer would not have had the 
 temerity to make the attempt. 
 
 Such, in our opinion, was the probable conduct, with its ex- 
 planation, of Col. Nathan Hale at Hubbardton. That his 
 superiors did not deem him very censurab'e, would seem to be 
 shown by his not having been court martialed, and by no more 
 reflections upon his behaviour having come down to us. It 
 could hardly be expected that the victim of so unfortunate a 
 capture, would escape unfavorable comment altogether. Who- 
 ever recalls the retreat from Bull Run, in the early days of the 
 late Rebellion, will, we fancy, understand what Hadden meant, 
 when, in speaking of the American troops after the defeat at 
 Hubbardton, he, unlike Ethan Allen, referred to Hale's capture, 
 not in words of contempt, but only, ** as a proof of what may be 
 done against beaten battalions while their fears are strong upon 
 them." ['I. M. 83-99 : D. I. 45. »I. O. O. 526, 527, 529. 
 3B. 106. '•I. O. O. 651. 5l. o. O. 672. «B. N. 27, 48. 
 »0. 330, 340. ^I. K. 301-303. 'M. L. 6. '°E. 951. "C. 
 Q. Q: C. Q. "L. A. "C. A. 80. mK. W. 423, 427, 
 432, 436. 'sK. W. 423, 426, 432. '«£. X. ''C, R : B. B. 
 '»D. I.] 
 
Appendix No, 16. 505 
 
 NO. 16. 
 
 Governor Philip Skene. 
 
 For a number of years preceding our Revolutionary struggle 
 there were three officers named Philip Skene in the British 
 army. During the war that effected the conquest of Canada, 
 one of them was a captain in the 26th Foot-," another, the 
 subject of this sketch, held the same rank in the 27th Foot ; 
 while the third appears in the Army List of 1765, as a lieu- 
 tenant on the half-pay of the 72d Foot, where he continues 
 so to appear down to and including the List of 1774'' 
 
 The Philip Skene referred to in the text, was a grandson of 
 John Skene of Halyards, in Fifeshire, Scotland, who married 
 Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Wallace, of Craigie, in 
 Ayrshire, the nearest collateral descendant of the celebrated 
 but unfortunate William Wallace. Philip Skene entered the 
 army in 1739, but as the only set of British Army Lists acces- 
 sible to the annotator, that in the Astor Library, does not ex- 
 tend back of the year 1754, it is, of course, impossible to give 
 the dates of his commissions prior to those held at that date. 
 Besides many actions of inferior note, he was at the taking and 
 
 a. This officer became a captain in a colonel in the army Feb. 19, 1779, and 
 
 the z6th Foot June 19, 1751, major of a major-general Nov. 20, 1782. Hit 
 
 the 52d Foot Dec. 19, 1764, lieutenant- name appears in the Army Lists for the 
 
 colonel of the 69th Foot April 20, 1771, last time in 1792. [B. H.] 
 
 64 
 
5o6 Appendix No, i6. 
 
 destroying of Carthagena and Portobello, at the battle of Cul- 
 loden, and afterwards at Fontenoy, Lafeldt, etc., under his Royal 
 Highness, the Duke of Cumberland ; and he was more than 
 once wounded.' He was commissioned a lieutenant in the ist, 
 or Royal Regiment of Foot, August i6, 1750, and he was pro- 
 moted to a captaincy February 2, I757> in the 27th, or Innis- 
 killing Foot, then in America ; ' and which regiment formed 
 part of the force under Lord Loudoun that year. He was at 
 Gen. Abercrombie's unfortunate attack on Ticonderoga July 
 8, 1758, where he was wounded. ^ The next year he was at 
 the capture of that fortress by Gen. Amherst, by whom he was 
 appointed major of brigade, July 31, 1759^; and on the loth of 
 the next October he was detailed to serve in that capacity to 
 the troops left under the command of Brigadier Ruggles at 
 Crown Point. 5 His service in that locality colored his 
 whole after-life, as it opened up to his knowledge a country 
 where he subsequently concluded to settle. In 1762, Capt. 
 Skene went upon the expedition against Martinico and Havana 
 under Lord Albermarle, he being one of the first to enter the 
 breach at the storming of Moro Castle ; and on the capture of 
 Havana he was appointed its town major.' Philip Skene 
 never attained a higher rank in the army than a captaincy', and 
 his title of major was, doubtless, obtained from his having been 
 brigade major and town major ; but his title of colonel is not 
 so easily accounted for, though it was, probably, purely com- 
 plimentary. When his regiment was ordered to Ireland Capt. 
 Skene exchanged with Capt. Henry Cowan of the 10th Foot, 
 in order to remain in America, his commission in this latter 
 regiment bearing date May 26, 1768. He did not remain 
 either in the lOth, or in the army, long after that, however, 
 
 h 
 
Appendix No. i6. 507 
 
 as he sold out Dec. 4, 1769,10 Lieut. Lawrence Parsons of the 
 lOth, and retired from the military service altogether.' 
 
 Dr. Fitch, in writing of Skene's land operations, says : — 
 ** It being now evident that the war was soon to terminate, his 
 enterprising spirit seems to have induced him to seek some 
 surer path to distinction and wealth than would be afforded him 
 in the army on the return of peace. The idea .of being the 
 founder and leading man of a considerable settlement at the 
 head of this most important lake " (Champlain) " occurred to 
 him, and on consulting with Gen. Amherst upon this subject, 
 his commander strongly encouraged him in this project. He 
 therefore resolved to embark in it witliout delay, and in the 
 year 1761, at his own expense, moved thirty families to the 
 mouth of Wood Creek, and supplied them with provisions for 
 their subsistence. But in the autumn of this year he left them 
 for a time, in order to accompany the expedition against Mar^ 
 tinique and Havana, that now drew off all the surplus troops 
 from our land. Deprived of his fostering care, the settlers be- 
 came discouraged with their lonely situation, so far in the 
 wilderness, and most of them abandoned the place. When 
 Col. Skene returned from the West Indies in 1763, he found 
 that of his infant colony, only fifteen persons were remaining. 
 But the project in which he had embarked had now become 
 too favorite a one with him to be abandoned. He accordingly 
 with twenty-four other persons, Nov. 12th, 1763, petitioned 
 for a grant of 25,000 acres at the mouth of Wood Creek, 
 stating that he believed he could, if duly encouraged by the 
 government, settle a hundred families within three years, upon 
 the lands applied for. March 13th, 1765, the patent was issued, 
 and the tract thus granted was incorporated into a township, 
 
5o8 Appendix No. i6. 
 
 named Skenesborough. * * In addition to this tract Skene 
 obtained, July 6th, 177 1, a further grant of 9,000 acres, known 
 as * Skene's little patent,' adjoining the north side of the great 
 patent." » 
 
 Skene, whom Dr. Fitch characterizes as " a man of intelli- 
 gence, wealth and enterprise, beyond any other person that was 
 in the country foi several years," sedulously devoted himself 
 to the settlement and improvement of his township and the 
 devolopement of the resources of the surrounding district. He 
 burned lime, quarried stone, and reared buildings of a character 
 far more substantial than any other private individual in the prov- 
 ince aspired to possess in those days. He erected and operated a 
 forge, and built and run saw mills. He constructed and navi- 
 gated vessels on the lake north of him, and laid out and opened 
 roads to communicate with the settlement south of him,' 
 
 In the collisions between the Yorkers and the Green Moun- 
 tain Boys, Skene does not seem to have been conspicuous ; yet 
 on the 24th of August, 1774, Governor Tryon, by advice of 
 his Majesty's Council, directed Philip Skene, J. Munro, 
 Patrick Smith, and John McComb, Justices of the Peace for the 
 County of Albany, to try Cockran and fourteen other armed 
 men for violently assaulting and dispossessing Donald Mc- 
 Intyre and other complainants, of lands granted by New York, 
 and improved by them near Argyle.^ 
 
 The expedition, which resulted in the capture of Ticon- 
 deroga by Ethan Allen, and Crown Point by Seth Warner, in 
 May, 1775, soon after the opening of hostilities between the 
 American colonies and the mother country, also included the 
 
 *. The name wai changed, in 1788, to Whitehall, its present appellation. 
 
appendix No, i6. 
 
 509 
 
 capture of Skencsborough. This part of the plan was entrusted 
 to Capt. Samuel Herrick, of the Hampshire Grants, who, on 
 the 9th of May, with thirty men, proceeded to Skencsborough 
 and took Skene, the younger, his aunt, two sisters, and a man 
 named Brook, prisoners, and seized a schooner and several 
 batteaux, with which they hastened to Ticonderoga. Skene, 
 the elder, had been in England where he had been appointed 
 * Lieutenant Governor of Ticonderoga and Crown Point, and 
 surveyor of his Majesty's woods and forests bordering on Lake 
 Champlain,'" and where he had married a lady with a fortune 
 of £40,000 ; but he sailed from London for Quebec, in the 
 ship Sally,' in May, 1775. Learning from a vessel which was 
 spoken on the banks of Newfoundland, of the loss of Ticon- 
 deroga, the vessel's course was changed so that he landed at 
 Philadelphia, June 7th. '" 
 
 The several votes of Congress in regard to Skene seem to 
 elevate him into an importance he scarcely merited. June 8th, 
 " the Congress being informed that a major Skene, with some 
 other officers, who arrived last evening, in a vessel from London, 
 
 c. Early in April, 1775, some of the 
 counties (Cumbsrland, Gloucester, etc.) 
 in New Hampshire, aroused against the 
 New York government by the West- 
 minster massacre, held a convention and 
 passed a vote of grievances, ' with an 
 humble petition to be taken out of to 
 oppressive a jurisdiction, and either an- 
 nexed to some other government or 
 erected and incorporated into a new one, 
 ai may appear to the said inhabitants, to 
 the royal wisdom and clemency, and till 
 tuch time as his Majesty shall settle this 
 controversy.' It is probable that the con- 
 templated prayer in the proposed petition 
 to the king, in the alternative of ' being 
 erected and incorporated into a new gov- 
 
 ernment,' had reference to a project 
 which had been formed by Cul. Allen, 
 William Gilliland, and others, in con- 
 junction with Col. Philip Skene, ^j es- 
 tablish a ruyal colony, which was to em- 
 brace the grants of New Hampshire west 
 of Connecticut River, and the country 
 north of the Mohawk and west to Lake 
 Ontario, and to reach north to the forty- 
 fifth degree of latitude, of which colony 
 Col. Skene was to have been the royid 
 governor. What the precise character 
 and extent of his authority was, or what 
 was really in contemplation by him, or 
 by the king's government, is not known. 
 [F.N, 244.] 
 
510 Appendix No. i6. 
 
 were, with their papers, in the custody of the troops of this 
 city ; that the said Skene has lately been appointed governor 
 of the forts of Ticonderoga, and Crown-Point ; that one of the 
 officers with him, is a lieutenant in the regulars, now in the 
 province of Quebec ; and moreover, that the said Skene had 
 declared, that he has authority to raise a regiment in America ; 
 from all this, apprehending that the said Skene is a dangerous 
 partisan of administration, and that his papers may contain in- 
 telligence of ministerial designs against America, very important 
 to be known : 
 
 " Resolved, That a committee be appointed to examine the 
 papers of the said Skene and lieutenant, in their presence : 
 
 " That the committee consist of Mr. J. Adams, Mr. Deane, 
 and Mr. Mifflin : 
 
 *' That the said committee be upon honour to conceal what- 
 ever, of a private nature, may come to their knowledge by such 
 examination ; and that they communicate, to this Congress, 
 what they shall discover relative to the present dispute between 
 Great-Britain and America." 
 
 Two days later the committee having reported. Gov. Skene 
 was released from confinement and permitted to go at large 
 anywhere within eight miles of Philadelphia, between Delaware 
 and Schuylkill, on his parole of honor not to pass those limits, 
 and that he would hold no correspondence with any person 
 whatsoever, on any political subject. June 27th it was resolved 
 that Gov. Skene be sent under a guard to Weathersfield, or 
 Middletown,in Connecticut, there to be confined on his parole 
 not to go out of the bounds prescribed to him by Gov. Trum- 
 bull. July 5th, " it appearing that governor Philip Skene and 
 
Appendix No, i6. 511 
 
 Mr. Lundy have designs inimical to America : Ordered, That it 
 be recommended to the delegates of the colony of Pennsylvania, 
 to have the order of Congress of the 27th of June last, respect- 
 ing the sending governor Skene to Connecticut, immediately 
 carried into execution." So Skene was despatched to Connec- 
 ticut under a guard of nineteen men." July 24, 1775, Jonathan 
 Trumbull, Jr., wrote to his brother Joseph, — '* Gov. Skene 
 has been very surly and turbulent, and is very much displeased 
 with his destination in the town of Hartford — swore, before he 
 left Philadelphia, that he would never come here — at least he 
 would not come alive. Mr. Ross, one of the Pennsylvania 
 Delegates, told him they "did not pretend to have power over 
 his soul — but that if he disengaged soul and body, his body 
 should go where it was ordered." '* 
 
 From Hartford Gov. Skene and his son, together with Major 
 French, were taken for better security, on an order of the 
 Connecticut Assembly, to West Hartford, where they boarded 
 for about a year at their own expense in the family of Widow 
 Hooker, Gov. Skene having his family with him. They were 
 often insulted by the inhabitants as enemies of the cqlony, and 
 Skene narrowly escaped being tarred and feathered by his 
 neighbors at West Hartford, for what they deemed his un- 
 patriotic and insulting demeanour.'^ William Pitkin wrote 
 from Hartford to Gov. Trumbull, under date of July 10, 1776, 
 as follows : — " I have since the first of this month, kept a guard 
 at my powder-mill, at the expense of seven shillings per night. 
 I was urged into the measure by a great number of gentlemen 
 that live forty or fifty miles distant. Threats have leaked out 
 from Skene, and other inimical monsters, that it should be de- 
 stroyed, if art or money could effect it." *' 
 
512 Appendix No, 16. 
 
 The Americans were so nervous and distrustful in those days 
 that little things often excited undue alarm. On May nth, 1776, 
 Gov. Skene's negro servant was elected governor for the negroes, 
 it then being the custom, as it had been for years previous, and 
 continued to be for some time after the war closed, for the 
 negroes of Connecticut, in imitation of their masters, to elect one 
 of their number for \.\\t\x governor, who was uniformly treated 
 with great attention and respect by them, and who never failed 
 to be addressed by his colored brethren as. Governor. This 
 occurrence so alarmed the citizens of Hartford, that Gov. Skene 
 was at once suspected of having been concerned in his negro's 
 election with some design upon the peace of the state ; where- 
 upon a committee was appointed to investigate the matter.'* 
 Though the captive governor was not inculpated by the com- 
 mittee, yet the nerves of the good citizens of Hartford were 
 doubtless greatly soothed, when, on the 23d of that month, Gov. 
 Skene was committed to gaol by the Committee of Prisoners, 
 for refusing to sign a parole.'^ 
 
 An extract from a letter written at Cambridge, Nov. 9, 1775, 
 and found in The Remembrancer, vol. I, p. 176, says — "Gen, 
 Washington sent a flag into Boston a day or two before Gen. 
 Gage left it, oftering an exchange of prisoners, viz Major 
 French for Col. Parker, Lieut. Knight (of the navy) for Capt. 
 Scott, and his Excellency Governor Skene for Corporal Cruise. 
 The two first were accepted, but the last was rejected with 
 scorn." Skene was finally exchanged for James Lovell, and 
 arrived in New York, Oct. 7, 1776, a free man once more.'* 
 After serving under Sir William Howe for a short time he 
 went to England, but returned to America in the spring of 
 1777 and proceeded to Canada, whence he accompanied Bur- 
 
Appendix No, i6. 513 
 
 goyne on his expedition where he was taken prisoner, being 
 included in the Saratoga surrender/ 
 
 If not always a judicious adviser, Slcpiie was, at least, a brave 
 officer, and during Burgoyne's campaign he had two horses 
 (hot under him.* The kind of advice Skene has the credit of 
 having give 3urgoyne, is indicated by a couple of extracts from 
 writers with ptonounced tory sympathies. Judge Jones, in vol. 
 I, page 202, of his History of New Tor k during the Revolutionary 
 War^ uses this language. " This is his " [Burgoyne's] " excuse 
 for taking the fatiguing, toilsome, harassing route he did, instead 
 of what he acknowledges to be ' the more commodious and easy 
 one by way of Fort George.' Had he fairly and openly told the 
 truth, he would have declared that the route he pursued was by 
 the advice of Colonel Skene, the proprietor of Skenesborough, 
 and whose estate there, by clearing out the Wood Creek, and 
 making a firm substantial road from thence to Fort Edward, 
 with strong bridges over all the creeks, and causeways through 
 the swamps and morasses, had Great Britain succeeded in the 
 contest, would have been rendered more valuable by several 
 thousand pounds." Dr. Gordon, in the 2d vol., page 571, of 
 his History of the American Revolution, in writing of Burgoyne's 
 retreat after the battle of Bemus* Heights, says : — '* It is be- 
 lieved, that gen. Burgoyne, when upon the point of retreating, 
 said to major Skeen to this purport — ' You have been the 
 occasion of getting me into this difficulty, now advise nre how 
 to get out of it,' — referring to the advice the major gave in 
 relation to the Bennington expedition : and that the major 
 answered — ' Scatter your baggage, stores and every thing else 
 that can be spared, at proper distances -, and the militia will be 
 
 65 
 
514 Appendix No. 16. 
 
 so engaged in collecting and securing the same, that the troops 
 will have an opportunity of getting clear off.' " 
 
 Lieut. Hadden, evidently, had no high opinion of the value 
 of Skene's services, and he undoubtedly represented the pre- 
 vailing sentiment in Burgoyne's army. It is clear that Skene 
 did not comprehend the deep rooted hostility of the Americans 
 to the British government, as he was fatally deceived by 
 superficial pretensions of loyalty that cost Col. Baum his de- 
 tachment and his life, at Bennington. '' A letter from 
 Philadelphia dated June 13, I775i" and printed in the Penn- 
 sylvania Gazette for August 2d in that year, to be found in 
 The Remembrancer, wo\. i, page 130, "reports that Major 
 Skeene (who was made prisoner upon his landing at Philadelphia 
 from England on his way to Crown Point, of which he was 
 appointed Governor) saw from a window, the militia of that 
 city exercise before the Congress, and that he was so as- 
 tonished at their excellent discipline and formidable appearance, 
 that in spite of his prejudice he could not forbear exclaiming 
 in the following words—* Well, if the Angel Gabriel had de- 
 scended from Heaven, and reported to me what I now behold, 
 I could scarcely, have believed it.' " 
 
 Skene seems to have had a most unfortunate experience with 
 the Americans. The following advertisement is extracted 
 from the Boston Gazette for Monday, November 10, 1777. 
 
 '* Springfield, November 7, 1777. 
 
 ^t Whereas Colonel Skeen is well known to be a notorious 
 
 Enemy to our Country's Liberties, and has broke his Fa.th 
 
 of Capitulation, and gone directly contrary to General Gates's 
 
 positive Orders to him in particular, when attempting to go to 
 
Appendix No, i6. 515 
 
 Albany against Orders— when General Gates took from him 
 his Sword, and ordered him to go directly to Boston, with the 
 English Troops, which was to go by the shortest Rout— He 
 has stroled thro' the Country to Hartford, where he said he 
 was taking his own Way to Boston, but is mistrusted to be 
 going to Long or Rhode Island— Therefore it is recommended 
 and desired, that every Friend to the Country will apprehend 
 said OfFender, wherever he may be found, and closely confine 
 him in some State-Gaol till General Gates's further Pleasure 
 and Orders may be known about him. 
 
 " Ebenezer Learned, B. G." 
 
 Though he finally arrived at Hartford under guard, yet 
 parole limits did not long contain him, as shown by the follow- 
 ing letter from the American Deputy Commissary of Prisoners, 
 found among the Heath Papers. 
 
 " Hartford, NovW ii, 1777. 
 " S'r : I take the freedom to inform your Hon'' that Maj'"" 
 alias Governer Skene has been strooting Down 6 miles west of 
 Hartford, from thence to East Winsor, thence towards 
 Springfield (this I have by information) : how he can acc't for 
 such conduct, after being sent back by Gen'l Gates under 
 Guard for like conduct at or near Albany— I mu^t leave to 
 your better Judgement,— for enquiry. I expect to be on in a 
 few Days. 
 
 " I am S'r Your Obedient Hum. Serv', 
 
 "Joshua Mersereau, 
 
 " D. C. of Prisoners. 
 '* The Honourable Gen' Heath." 
 
5i6 appendix No. i6. 
 
 In May and June, 1779, Skene was in England where he 
 was under orders of the House of Commons as a witness in 
 the investigation of Burgoyne's campaign, though his testimony 
 was not taken. Philip Skene and his son, Andrew Philip 
 Skene, were, by the New York Act of Attainder passed Oct. 
 22d, 1779, '* attainted of the offence of adhering to the enemies 
 of the State, and their estates forfeited to the People of this 
 state." After the war, it is said that Skene came to this 
 country during Gov. Clinton's administration and tried to re- 
 cover his property ; but, not succeeding, went back to 
 England where he lived in retirement and died at Addersey 
 Lodge, near Stoke Goldington, Bucks, on the 9th of October, 
 1 810, at an advanced age^ leaving a son and two daughters.' 
 
 Dr. Fitch gives this description of Skene's personal ap- 
 pearance, and the popular feeling entertained for him in his 
 lifetime by the Americans of his neighborhood. *' We are 
 surprised," says the doctor *'at the malignancy of the hatred 
 which most of our old people manifest towards this man *' 
 (Skene). ^' From one, who in his youth saw him repeatedly 
 in Burgoyne's camp at Fort Edward, we are told that he was 
 a large, fine looking person, with a pleasant countenance and 
 an affable deportment. Except what took place in open and 
 honorable warfare, we cannot learn that he was privy to any 
 acts by which the inhabitants here, were ever distressed or 
 molested in any way. But there is no doubt his power and 
 influence and the known energy of his character made the 
 leading whigs of the county from the very outset of our rev- 
 olutionary contest fear him, ten fold more than any other 
 friend of the King dwelling in this section of the state " (i. e. 
 Washington Co., N. Y.). " They saw that it was necessary 
 
appendix No. 17. 517 
 
 that his popularity among the inhabitants should be effectually 
 destroyed ; and the abhorrence with which he is commonly 
 spoken of, indicates as much as any fact within our knowledge, 
 the consummate tact and ability with which the affairs of those 
 times were here managed. Could we put the question to any 
 of the common people who were residing here in days that are 
 now gone by, who it was that they hated most, the reply we 
 know would be, * the devil ;' but if we further asked who next 
 to him they most execrated, we are in doubt whether the 
 answer would be ' the Pope,' or * old Skene.' ['B. H. ȣ. G. 
 672. m. E. 176. 4M. V. 106, note. 'M. V. 106. «G. 
 R. 692-695. 7D. G. 8F. Z. 281. 9l. A. A. 29. '"C. M. 
 170, 175, 176. "C. E. 107, 109, 119, 133, 203. "L. L. 
 217, note. '3l. 178. •♦F. S. 31. 'SH. 601, 602. '"J. 437, 
 465, 574» 919-] 
 
 NO. 17. 
 
 La Corne Saint-Luc, 
 
 The Leader of Burgoyne's Indians. 
 
 Luc de Chapt de la Corne Saint-Luc, or, as the name is 
 usually abbreviated. La Corne St. Luc, is most always spoken 
 of, either as La Corne, or Saint-Luc ; and he is the same person 
 referred to by Hadden, as Luke Le Corn. He belonged to a 
 family noted in the annals of Canada for the number of its 
 military members. St. Luc's grandfather was Louis de la 
 Corne, Sieur de Chapt ; and his grandmother was Antoinette 
 Dallemaigne de la Fort. Jean-Louis de la Corne, of the 
 
5i8 Appendix No. 17. 
 
 Diocese of Clermont in Auvergne, St. Luc's father, entered 
 the army, and lost an eye at the siege of Gerovane. While 
 yet a lieutenant he married, in June, 1693, Marie Pecaudy, 
 daughter of Antoine Pecaudy de Contrecoeur (a distinguished 
 captain), by his wife, Barbe Denis, and crv)ssed over to Canada 
 where he soon won distinction. Having been promoted to the 
 rank of captain and decorated with the cross of St. Louis, 
 St. Luc's father was successively appointed Town-Major of 
 Trois-Rivieres, and major of troops at Quebec. In 1724, he 
 received a pension of 400 livres ; and two years later he was 
 made lieutenant of the king at Montreal, where he died in 
 1731. By his marriage with Mile, de Contrecoeur he had 
 several sons who became heads of the families, de la Corne, de 
 la Corne de la Colombiere, de la Corne du Breuil, and dc la 
 Corne St. Luc." Five of the sons were promoted to the rank 
 of captain, and four of them were decorated with the cross of 
 St. Louis. The most celebrated of them were de la Corne, 
 called the Chevalier, and de la Corne St. Luc' The first 
 commanded in Acadie and rendered much service to the 
 French crown during the war that ended in the conquest of 
 Canada. The second was the subject of this sketch, who, 
 for a series of years during the French regime in Canada, was 
 an active partisan leader against the English, and who, during 
 our Revolutionary struggle, joined hands with his former enemies 
 and turned all his energies against the American colonies. 
 
 The earliest mention we find of St. Luc's military career is 
 
 a. If any one desires to make an at- and the son of a Boucherville, a Niver- 
 
 tempt to roaster the mystery of French ville, or a Montizambert ; he is referred 
 
 Canadian surnames, and to UEcertain how to the Abbe Tanguay't Diaionnaht 
 
 the son of a La Corne could become a Genealogiqit, vol. i, page xxxi. 
 Colunbieie, a Du Breuil, or a St. Luc ; 
 
Appendix No, 17. 519 
 
 in 1739, in a report sent to France of the officers serving in 
 Canada, where he is included in a list of Enseignes en Second ; 
 and against his name is the comment, tres capable.' In 
 January, 1746, while still an ensign, he was sent with a de- 
 tachment of French, Colonists, and Iroquois Indians, to re- 
 inforce St. Pierre, with whom he remained till April of that 
 year, making divers scouts on Lake St. Sacrament, and in the 
 neighborhood of Fort St. Frederic, as the French called Lake 
 George and Crown Point. 3 In June, 1747, he set out from 
 Fort St. Frederic, with 20 Frenchmen, and some Indians of 
 different nations, about 200 in all, to strike a blow at the Eng- 
 lish at Fort Clinton. He so successfully drew a portion of the 
 garrison into ambush as to totally rout them. So hard pushed 
 were the English that some of them threw themselves into the 
 river and were drowned ; and others, while struggling in the 
 water to make their escape, were shot or tomahawked. Forty- 
 one prisoners and twenty-nine scalps were taken. The number 
 of those drowned could not be ascertained, but of the 125, or 
 thereabouts, that made the sortie from the fort, only some 15 
 or 20 appear to have re-entered it.< During the remainder of 
 the war St. Luc was actively engaged in scouts and in ambush- 
 ing convoys and small parties of the enemy. 
 
 He was promoted to be a lieutenant of infantry as early as 
 1750 ; how much earlier, we have not been able to discover.* 
 He belonged to the troops of the Marine, of which, in 1755 
 certainly, he was a lieutenant ; and a captain the same, or the 
 following year. In 1755 he was present at Baron Dieskau's 
 defeat'; and in the French expedition against Fort William 
 Henry, in 1757, he had command of the Indians of the Left 
 Column. After Col. Monro's surrender, to quote from the 
 
 > 
 
520 Appendix No, 17. 
 
 French account, * M. dc Montcalm ordered out an escort and 
 directed M. de St. Luc de la Corne, commanding the Indians, 
 and several Colonial officers conversant with their languages, 
 to accompany the garrison in order to protect it against insult 
 from the Indians.' ^ Norwithstanding the escort a portion of 
 the garrison was massacred by the savages. 
 
 On the 30th July, 1758, St. Luc, with a detachment of 400 
 Canadians and Indians, attacked and captured on the Lydius, 
 or Fort Edward road, a convoy of about 150 men, with 54 
 wagons loaded with provisions. Not being able to save the 
 train it was destroyed, and 230 oxen were killed, 80 scalps and 
 64 prisoners — men, women and children, were taken ; while 
 St. Luc lost but one Iroquois killed, two others being slightly 
 wounded.^ He took part in the battle on the Plains of 
 Abraham Sept. 13. 1759'; and at the battle of St. Foy, 
 April 28, 1760, he commanded the Indians, and was slightly 
 wounded.'" 
 
 The war was over : Canada had passed into the hands of 
 the English \ and St. Luc, in recognition of his services, had 
 long since been created a Chevalier of the Royal and Military 
 Order of St. Louis, In 1761, he decided to remove with his 
 brother, his children and nephews, to France. Having ready 
 money, some £6000, he was about to purchase a vessel at 
 Quebec for that purpose, when the generosity of General 
 Murray, the English commander, made this unnecessary ; and 
 the Auguite was fitted up at government expense. In this ill- 
 starred ship St. Luc and one hundred and twenty of the chief 
 persons in the colony, including his two sons, his brother, the 
 Chevalier La Corne, and two nephews, besides several ladies. 
 
appendix No, 17. 
 
 521 
 
 officers and soldiers, sailed Oct. 17, 1761. St. Luc has left 
 an interesting journal, in French, kept by himself,* of the ap- 
 palling disaster which befell the Augmte on the coast of Cape 
 Breton. The captain, five of the crew, and St. Luc alone of 
 all the passengers, reached the shore alive. For more than 
 three months St. Luc journeyed from the scene of the wreck 
 during a Canadian winter, through foresis, over bays in a frail 
 canoe, and over a wilderness of snow on snow shoes, nearly 
 1700 miles, till, finally, his tall form reduced nearly to a 
 skeleton, he arrived at Quebec/ The loss of family and 
 
 b. Journal du Voyage de M. Saint- 
 Luc de Li Come, £cr. dans le Navire 
 L'Au juste, en I'an 1761. Second £d, 
 A Cute et Cie. (^ebec, 186}. 
 
 c. The following is extracted from 
 Le Moine's Maple Lea-ves, New Series, 
 page 119: — "We shall condense la 
 Corne's narrative of the shipwreck. The 
 ihip struck on the 15th November; U 
 Come and his six surviving companions, 
 including the captain, were washed 
 ■shore in a boat, more deid than alive ; 
 the 1 6th was enipljyed in digging graves : 
 none of his children, no.ie of the ladies 
 had been saved ; the young, the fair, the 
 highborn strewing in hideous confusion 
 a rock-bound cojst amidst fragments of 
 the wreck, — in all one hundred and 
 fourteen corpses. Such were the dismal 
 objects which met the gaze of la Corne 
 •nd of his fellow-sufferers on the morn- 
 ing of the 1 6th November. Amidst the 
 roar of the sea and of the tempest, the 
 last rites were performed by the sor- 
 rowing parent, and on the 17th, with a 
 feeling common to all they hurried from 
 a spot in which everything reminded 
 them of death, ^plurima mortis imaf^o,'' 
 and took to the woods, not knowing 
 where they were; on the 17th a snow 
 storm added to their misery ; three of 
 the party here gave out through fatigue, 
 
 66 
 
 but la Corne, who all along appears ai 
 the leading spirit, urged them on, and 
 with succeis ; on the 2;th, his Journal 
 mentions, as a godsend, the discovery 
 of some deserted huts ; — in them, they 
 found two dead men; on the 26th two 
 more of the party gave out, and were re- 
 luctantly left behind with gome provii - 
 ioni Twelve inches of snow had fallen 
 that day. 
 
 " On the 3rd December, after a 
 tedious tramp through the forest, not 
 knowing where they were, they struck 
 on the sea coast and discovered an old 
 boat, unseaworthy ; the captain of the 
 Au^uue set to work to caulk her, and 
 matters seemed likely to assume a more 
 hopeful aspect, when a fresh snow-storm 
 nearly caused the destruction of the 
 wh'jle party. 'Our provisions running 
 short,' adds la Corne, ' we h ad to live on 
 wild berries and sea weed. On the 4th, 
 thestorm having abated, we found our boat 
 imbeded in the snow, but when we came 
 to launch her, our captain, who until 
 then had held out, declared he could go 
 no further on account of the pains and 
 ulcers he labored under ; the three 
 others mostly as bad, sided with him, and 
 being alone, I was compelled, although 
 suffering much less, to remain with 
 them. I did not like to desert tbem, and 
 we trusted to Providence, when two 
 
522 
 
 Appendix No, 17. 
 
 friends seems to have entirely changed his plans. He bade 
 adieu to all thought of la belle France,, and remained in 
 Canada, a British subject. He does not seem to have at once 
 settled down to his new allegiance, for Lieut-Governor Colden 
 of New York, wrote to the Lords of Trade, Dec. 19, 1763, 
 as follows : — " The Indians, as I am inform'd, affirm that they 
 were at first incited to this Conspiracy by some of the Principal 
 Men in Canada, whom they have named ; with others, the 
 Vicar General & St. Luke le Corn, the last is now in 
 Canada." " 
 
 St. Luc was one of the first Legislative Councillors ap- 
 
 Indians made their appearance. Our 
 men hailed them with loud cries and 
 lamentations j in which I could catch 
 the words ' have mercy on us.* I was 
 then smoking, a quiet spectator of this 
 lorrowt'ul scene. Our men mentioned 
 my name, and the Indians greeted 
 me warmly. I hiid on several occasions 
 rendered service to these tribes. I 
 learned that we wfre ninety miles from 
 Louisbourg (Cap Breton). They told me 
 they were ready to conduct me to St. 
 Pierre. I had our men crossed over a 
 river which was there, and I left with 
 the InJians, for their wigwam about thrcr 
 leagues distant I'hry gave me dried 
 meat, and on the 5tb, I returned to my 
 friends.' 
 
 •'Thence, we follow the hardy adven- 
 turer to Saint Pierre, to Labrador Bay, 
 and finally we find him, in spite of all 
 remonstrance, starting in a birch canoe, 
 in that inclement season, with two 
 young men whom he had tempted to 
 this fool-hatdy enterprise, by oficring 
 theiTi twenty- five louis d'or ; they after- 
 wards landed at Cheda-Buuctju, and 
 afver encountering great privation, fatigue, 
 and divers perilous adventures, he ar- 
 rived at Fort Cumberland, formerly Fort 
 Beausejour, when after a sLort mx he 
 
 continued his journey on foot, having 
 worn out his strength and his tnow 
 shoes. The Temiscouata portage brought 
 him subsequently to the lower parishes, 
 then to Kamouraska ; and the night he 
 spei.t at the Manor of Saint JeanPort- 
 Joly is graphically described in the Cana- 
 dians of Old " [by M . de Gaspe]. " He 
 arrived at Quebec, on the 23rd Feburary, 
 laid an account of his shipwreck before 
 General Murray, and led for Montreal 
 to sec General Gage. This iron-framed 
 man closes his Journal by stating that 
 the fatigues, dangers and starvation he 
 was exposed to, were very great — that th^ 
 circuitous road he followed led him to 
 believe he must have walked at least 
 1650 miles in the severest season in the 
 year, and unprovided with any succour. 
 * I used to see my guides and com- 
 panions, the Indians and Acadians, 
 giving out after eight day's marching, 
 and often, less. During all this time, I 
 enjoyed excellent health, had no dread 
 of the consequences, and fortunately 
 withstood this excessive fatigue ; had I 
 had guides as vigorous as myself, ! would 
 have laved one hundred and thirty 
 pounds which it cost me, and I would 
 have arrived earlier.* " 
 
Appendix JSfo, 17. 523 
 
 pointed after the passage of the Quebec Act, in 1774, and he 
 was a strong stickler for the old Canadian forms of govern- 
 ment." In the fall of 1775 the governor and Legislative 
 Council of Quebec were assembled, but, after several meetings, 
 were not able to agree upon any ordinances. " Monsieur St. 
 Luc La Corne and others of the Councillors would not hear 
 of juries, but insisted on following the letter of the Quebec 
 Act. The Governor suddenly broke up the Council and re- 
 turned to Montre?.l.'3" 
 
 When hostilities between Great Britain and her American 
 colonies began, St. Luc at once efspoused the cause of the 
 crown; and as early as May, 1775, immediately after the 
 Americans captured Ticonderoga and Crown Point, we find 
 him sending presents to the savage tribes of the north and in- 
 citing them to take up arms against the colonies.'* A few 
 months later, when Montgomery appeared to be sweeping all 
 before him in his Canadian invasion, and it seemed as if Mont- 
 real was about to fall into his hands, the wily and politic St. 
 Luc dispatched an Indian embassy with his submission to the 
 American general. Befjre its return, however, the aspect of 
 affairs had changed. Ethan Allen's ill-judged attack on 
 Montreal had failed, and a number of the inhabitants of the 
 surrounding country had flocked to the city and put themselves 
 under Gen. Carleton to aid in repelling the invaders ; hence 
 matters looked much less desperate than a little earlier. At this 
 juncture assurances arrived from Montgomery that St. Luc's 
 submission was accepted, and protection was guaranteed to 
 him. Here was a dilemma. A icvr short days before, he 
 had deserted one side ; now, he found it convenient to renounce 
 his submission to the other. Accordingly, Montgomery's letter 
 
524 Appendix No. 17. 
 
 was treated with contempt and consigned to the flames. 
 Though this double dealing cost St. Luc the confidence of the 
 people, yet Gen. Carleton was wise enough to preserve silence, 
 and to extend to him the same apparent measure of confidence 
 as before. '5 
 
 St. Luc was with the party that captured Ethan Allen ; and 
 likewise with Gen. Carleton, when repulsed by Col. Seth War- 
 ner, at Longueil.'^ Montreal finally surrendered November 
 I2th, 1775, but Gen. Montgomery refused to include St. Luc in 
 the capitulation on account of his previous breach of faith.*? 
 A week later St. Luc was captured on Gen. Prescott's 
 flotilla with the fleeing British troops ; and again Montgomery 
 visited St. Luc's faithlessness upon him by sending him to 
 Boucherville, without permitting him to land at Montreal with 
 his fellow prisoners.'^ Early in December, owing to suspicions 
 that he, with others, was plotting the destruction of the Amer- 
 ican garrison at Montreal, his house and papers at Bouch- 
 erville were examined, and he himself was arrested and 
 taken thence, first to La Prairie, and then to Cognewaga. 
 The information which excited the suspicions proving false, a 
 few days subsequently, St. Luc, who was ill, was ordered to 
 take up his former quarters at Boucherville.'^ 
 
 St. Luc's presence in Canada excited the distrust and sus- 
 picion of the Indians that inclined to the American cause, and 
 under date of February 27, 1776, Stephen Moylan, one of Wash- 
 ington's staff, wrote from Cambridge to Gen. Wooster,^as fol- 
 lows : — " I have it in command from his Excellency General 
 Washington to acquaint you that the Indians, who were lately 
 here from Canada, are very much dissatisfied that Mr. St. 
 
Appendix No, 17. 525 
 
 Luke La Come is suffered to be at liberty ; he is, by all ac- 
 counts, a dangerous person, therefore think it will be better for 
 our own safety, and to quiet the minds of the Indians, to have 
 that gentleman sent out of that Province. Your compliance 
 herewith will be pleasing to his Excellency, and he is strongly 
 of opinion will be of very great service to the American 
 cause. ""^ Nine days before the date of this letter, however, 
 Gen. Wooster had sent St. Luc to Gen. Schuyler, at Albany, 
 who ordered him to Esopus, in Ulster County, New York ; 
 and he was detained as a prisoner for more than a year." 
 
 He finally returned to Canada the latter part of May, I777**» 
 with his apparent natural enmity to the American colonies 
 stimulated by his treatment in captivity, for when the British 
 ministry were enlisting the Indians in their behalf, he was a 
 willing and a powerful instrument in that barbarous undertaking. 
 This is clearly shown by the following letter from Major- 
 General William Tryon, late governor of North Carolina, and 
 New York, to Lord George Germaine, which is printed as 
 nearly as possible just as it was written, without change 
 cither in the French or the Enjilish of its author. 
 
 o 
 
 "New York, 9 April, '777- 
 
 " PHVATB, 
 
 " My Lord, 
 
 '* I have had many conversations with Mons. La Corne St. 
 Luc, lately exchanged (released) from his Captivity with the 
 Rebels. We agree perfectly in sentiments respecting the 
 propriety & importance of employing the Indians. He is 
 anxious to take the command of as many Canadians & Indians, 
 as S'' Guy Carleton will entrust him with & will pledge his 
 
526 appendix No, 17. 
 
 life & honor that he will raise them & be in the environs of 
 Albany in sixty days after he lands at Quebec, for which Port 
 he sails with other Canadian Gentlemen the first fair wind. 
 His expressions were emphatical. ' II faut, dit il, lacher les 
 sauvages sur les frontieres de ces Canals, pour imposer des 
 terreurs, et pour les faire soumetre, au pied de la Throne de sa 
 Majeste Britannic. II faut absolument mettre tous dehors, pour 
 finir la Guerre cet £te. Les Rebels commence a se guerrier, 
 et si la guerre continue plus long terns que cett'annee, il sera tres 
 facheuse pour toute L'Empire. Pour soi-meme il m'a assure, 
 qu'il ne voudroit jamais^ jamais^ (jusqu'a ce que son ame Bat 
 dans son Corps, et le Sang coule dans ses Veines,) oublier les 
 injures, et les Insults qu'il a recue de ces gueux "*— These were 
 his expressions ; and though in the sixty sixth year of his age 
 is in the vigour of health & animal spirits. 
 
 " A Pension or Salary of 500 pr ann. with some Distinction 
 among the savages to La Come St. Luc would I am persuaded 
 be productive of the best consequences to Govt at this Period- 
 s'. W"" Johnson was not an abler Partizan than St. Luc for 
 Indian services. 
 
 " I am respectfully 
 
 " Your Lordship's faithfull & ob"" hum'" Ser't 
 
 " Wm. Tryon 
 
 " Ld. Geo. Germain. 
 
 "received 8 May, 1777.""' 
 
 d. It is necessary, he said, to let longer than this year, it would be very 
 
 loose the savages upon the frontiers of damaging to the whole kingdom. For 
 
 these rascals to terrify them and to make himself, he assured me that, as long 
 
 them throw themselves a^ the foot of his as his heart beat in his body and the 
 
 Britannic Majesty's throne. It was blood flowed in his veins, he could never, 
 
 absolutely necessary to do ihis. in order never forget the injuries, and the insultl 
 
 to finish the war this summer. The that he had received from these beggars. 
 Rebels began the war, and if it lasted 
 
Appendix No. 17, 
 
 527 
 
 Gov, Tryon, in writing from New York to Secretary Knox, 
 under date of April 2ist, 1777, again alludes to St. Luc, and 
 in terms even more forcible than before. He writes — " I am 
 exactly of opinion with Colonel La [Corne] St. Luc, who 
 says j II faut lacher les sauvages contre les miserables Rebels, 
 pour imposer de terreur sur les frontiers ; II dit de plus (mais 
 un peu trop pour moi) ' qu'il faut brutalizer" les affaires,' as- 
 
 e. The brutalizing process referred to 
 in the text would seem to have been 
 carried out, if the following extact from 
 a letter found in the London Chronicle 
 for Oct. 7-9. 1777, vol. 42, p. 346, 
 written by an officer in St. Clair's army 
 at Saratoga, dated July 12th, 1777, and 
 said to have been printed in the Pro-vi- 
 dence Gazette for July 20th of that year, 
 is worthy of credence. 
 
 "You will," says the letter, "no 
 doubt have heard of our retreat from Ti- 
 conderoga before this reaches you; but the 
 horrid barbarity of o»r cruel enemies in 
 the pursuit is what you can have no idea 
 of. To give you one instan : of it will 
 be sufficient to make your humanity 
 shudder, though that only respects a 
 French officer. 
 
 " This poor gentleman, who was an 
 engineer that had lately come up from 
 Boston, being a stranger to the country, 
 and not able to speak English, or to un- 
 derstand it, lost his way, and got separa- 
 ted from the party he came oft with. 
 Two of that grand villain St. Luc la 
 Corne's hell-hounds, the Canada savages, 
 soon fell in with him, and finding him 
 to be a Frenchman, carried him back in 
 triumph to their leader. La Corne at 
 first pretended to take him out of their 
 hands ; but upon the Indians claiming 
 him as their prisoner, and insisting, that 
 as he was a Frenchman, and had nothing 
 to do with the quarrel among the En- 
 glish, they would not exchange him, or 
 sell him, but make him a day's sport for 
 all the Indians. He gave him up, 
 
 and accordingly they carried the poor 
 gentleman to their camp, and stripping 
 him naked, tied him to a tree, and made 
 a great fire near him : they then took 
 pieces of the pitch pine, and making in- 
 cisions in his flesh with the points of 
 their scalping knives, stuck them in, 
 so that his body looked like a larded 
 fowl, and setting them on fire, the boil- 
 ing rosin ran down as they burned, into 
 the wounds. The anguish of the pain 
 the poor gentleman suffered cannot be 
 described ; and to prevent the English 
 soldiers from being shocked by his cries, 
 these children of Satan kept dancing and 
 whooping round him while the pine 
 splinters were burning : when that was 
 over, they intended cutting off his burned 
 flesh with red hot knives, and had put 
 the blades of several in the fire for that 
 purpose ; but happily for the poor victim 
 an English officer who came past took 
 compassion of him, and snatching an 
 Indian's gun, ran up to the tree, and shot 
 him through the head. The Indians 
 were greatly vexed to be thus cut short 
 of their sport, and flying upon the dead 
 body, like so many ravenous beasts, tore 
 out the heart, and cutting it into as nr'M ^ 
 pieces as there were chiefs present. y 
 presented a piece to each, which ..ey 
 immediately devoured. 
 
 " The mangled carcase was then taken 
 from the tree, and thrown into the fire, 
 where it was presently consumed." 
 
 The genuineness of this letter is 
 questioned, as it is not to be found in the 
 Providence Gaxette^ whence it purports 
 
528 
 
 Appendix No. 17, 
 
 surement, il est bien enragee de la mauvais traitement, qu'il a 
 re^u de les avengles peuples-^ — but not to blunder longer on in 
 a language I know imperfectly, I shall express his other senti- 
 ments in the English dialect. He assured nie that upon the 
 opening of the first assembly with the Savages in Canada, his 
 feelings would be so poignant at their first interview, as would 
 impose a perfect silence upon him, while tears would run 
 down his cheeks ; & that when he should be able to expatiate 
 on the indignities and injuries he had experienced, they would 
 instantly take up the hatchet, and resent his affronts. So re- 
 ciprocal is the affection between the Father and his Children, 
 for such they style each other respectively, and by whom he is 
 as much cherished, as was Sir Wm. Johnson by the Indians of 
 the Six Nations."** 
 
 Those letters referred to the man, who afterwards became 
 the leader of Burgoyne's Indians. When Jane McCrea was 
 
 to have been taken. Dr. Benjamin 
 Franklin wrote a number of fictitious 
 letters tor efFect, and of such plausibility 
 that they were well calculated to deceive. 
 As he was at this time the Amer- 
 ican minister at the French Court and 
 was anxious to enlist the aid of the 
 French monarchy in behalf of the 
 American Colonies, it is believed that 
 this letter was written and caused to be 
 printed in the English papers, for its double 
 efFect upon the British Whigs and the 
 French Government. Whether this 
 letter is genuine or not, howt :r, it is 
 hardly an exaggeration, for letter, 
 
 about the authenticity of which there is 
 no question, written by an officer at the 
 American headquarters at Moses' 
 Creek, six miles from Fort Edward, 
 under date of July a8, 1777, and printed 
 in the Ft -vidence Ga%ette for August 
 1 6th, of that year, gays :— " The savages 
 
 have lately acquitted themselves quite in 
 character. A couple of ladies who chose 
 to remain behind the army and enjoy 
 Burgoyne's proffered protection, have 
 been scalped and mangled in a shock- 
 ing manner. They make nothing of 
 ripping out a man's heart, cutting off 
 hands," etc., etc. 
 
 It may be that this latter letter 
 suggested the former, which may be the 
 reason why it was attributed to the 
 Pro'vidence Gazette. 
 
 f. It is necessary to let loose the 
 savages against the miserable Rebels to 
 impose terror upon the fioniiers ; he 
 further said (but a little strongly fur me) 
 that it was necessary to brutalize 
 matters: — assuredly he is much enraged 
 at the ill treatment he received from 
 these misguided people. 
 
appendix No. i^j . 529 
 
 massacred, and Burgoyne, in his indignation, demanded that 
 the murderer should be given up to punishment, it was St, Luc 
 who reminded him of the consequences, and thus secured im- 
 munity for his brutal followers. '^ He seems early to have 
 become a thorn in Burgoyne':; side," for the British general ac- 
 cused him of deserting with his savages, at the critical moment 
 at Bennington, and, from the floor of the House of Commons, 
 denounced him as a runaway and a fugitive. St. Luc, on his 
 part, cordially reciprocated Burgoyne's dislike. When in 
 England, in 1778, he freely expressed to the ministers his 
 opinion of the discomHted general. Burgoyne was a fine 
 officer with the regulars, said St. Luc, but he did not seem to 
 like the savages, nor did he take the proper steps to retain their 
 good will: he was * «« brave homme, mats lourd comme un 
 Alletnand^ — a brave man but as heavy as a German.'^ 
 
 After his return to Canada, St. Luc addressed a letter to 
 Burgoyne in reply to some of the denunciations heaped upon 
 him by the latter. This letter sheds so much light upon the 
 characters of both St. Luc and Burgoyne that it is given in 
 full, and is as follows : — 
 
 "Quebec, Oct. 23, 1778. 
 
 '* Sir : 1 do not know whether this letter will reach you ; 
 but, if it should, it is to inform you that I am surprised at your 
 forgetfulness respecting myself, as well as towards my com- 
 
 g. Burgoyne in a private letter to gentleman of honour and parts, and one 
 
 Lord George Germaine, dated Skenei- of the best partizans the French had 
 
 borough, July ii, 1777, thus speaks of last war, and of one Langlade, the very 
 
 St.Luc, when referring to the Indians com- man who projected and executed with 
 
 posing a part of his army. "They" these veiy nations the defeat of General 
 
 (the Indians) he writes, ''are under the Braddock." [B. N. App. ai.] 
 directions of a M.St. Luc, a Canadian 
 
 67 
 
^30 Appendix No, 17. 
 
 panions the Canadians and the Indians. I cannot think what 
 could be your motive, unless it was to sink into obscurity my 
 reputation along with your own, in which you will never 
 succeed. I was known long before you was in the train, 
 which has given you the occasion to lose one of the finest 
 armies that my country had ever seen. 
 
 " You say. Sir, that I was unqualified to give you any in- 
 formation ; I am more than pleased that you have told the 
 public that you never asked my opinion. Permit me, Sir, 
 however, to inform you, that I have served under general 
 Officers who have honoured me with their confidence ; men 
 who had a just right to that name, who sustained their dignity, 
 and were distinguished for their talents. 
 
 '* You accuse me also of quitting your army ; you will 
 permit me. Sir, to say, that those who left it, as well as my- 
 self, had no more fear of the danger of carrying arms than 
 yourself. Fifty years of service will clear me from such 
 suspicions ; but you know better the person that made me 
 quit the army, which was yourself. 
 
 "The 1 6th, the day of the action at Bennington, you sent 
 orders by Major Campbell to hold myself ready to march the 
 17th, in the morning, with the corps of Canadians and Indians, 
 which was to precede the brigade of General Frazer, to take 
 post at Still-water ; but the same morning, at four o'clock, M. 
 de Lanaudiere informed you of the defeat of the detachment 
 under Lieutenant-colonel Beaume and that of Lieutenant- 
 colonel Breyman, which marched to sustain it. He informed 
 you that these two corps had lost at least 700 men i you gave 
 little credit to this report, and you said to me that the loss was 
 
Appendix No, 17. 531 
 
 not 150 ; nevertheless the real loss justified the first report. 
 You then, Sir, gave counter-orders to the whole army which 
 was to march that day, and the next day ordered us to pass the 
 North-river with the brigade of General Frazer, to encamp at 
 Batin-guild. The Indians astonished, and unaccustomed to 
 your grand manoeuvres, having observed that you detached no 
 corps to collect the remains of the two scattered detachments 
 at Bennington, and to succour those that were wounded, and 
 in part perishing ; some of the former of whom I saw enter 
 your camp five days after. This conduct. Sir, gave no high 
 idea of the care which you should have taken of the men 
 destined to fight under your command. This indifference 
 towards the Indians also, who had served in the affair at Ben- 
 nington, who amounted to 150, disgusted them ; many of 
 whom, with their grand Chief, were killed, and of 61 Canadians 
 only 41 remained. 
 
 *' Recollect yourself. Sir, what was said in the Council, 
 when you represented our loss as trifling, that you should not 
 impose on yourself in that matter. I told you on. the part of 
 the Indians that their merits were great : I was your interpre- 
 ter. They said many things which it is useless to repeat; 
 among others that they would demand to speak to you in very 
 absolute terms, from which I told you the consequences that 
 would result from it. In fine, Sir, they were so greatly dis- 
 satisfied, that they immediately departed, notwithstanding you 
 refused to furnish them with provisions, shoes, or an inter- 
 preter. Two days after this you saw your error. 
 
 ** Brigadier Frazer had foreseen what would he the result of 
 your behaviour towards them. At length you sent for me, 
 
532 Appendix No, 17. 
 
 and I had the honour to meet you in the Brigadier's tent, when 
 you requested me to return to Canada with dispatches with 
 which you charged me, to engage his Excellency Gen. 
 Carleton to treat the Indians well, and to send them back ; 
 this I did, and should have returned to the army, if the com- 
 munication had not been totally shut up. After this of what 
 service coald I be ? I, whom you represent as unqualified for 
 any office, and only one among the departed Savages. Alas ! 
 Sir, having ceased to be a General, do not cease to be a 
 Gentleman ; I am the same with you ; you have the title of 
 General ; and though I may not be endowed with the same 
 talents with yourself, yet, being made of the same stuflF, I 
 have a right to be treated like a Gentleman. 
 
 «' As to the rest. Sir, I am ready to cross the sea, though at 
 an advanced age, to justify myself before the tting my Master, 
 and my country, from all the falsities which have been laid to 
 my charge ; it is very indifferent to me what you think 
 
 of me. , 
 
 " I am, Sir, your very humble servant, 
 • "La Corne St. Luc. 
 
 *' To General Burgoyne."" 
 
 Burgoyne was not the only British general whose distrust 
 St. Luc excited, as the following letter from Gen. Haldimand 
 to Lord George Germaine, plainly indicates. 
 
 " Quebec 13/A Sept., 1779. 
 »' My Lord : I think it necessary to inform your Lordship 
 of certain difficulties which have arisen respecting the com- 
 mand of officers appointed by his Majesty to superintend and 
 
Appendix No, 17. 533 
 
 direct the operations of the several savage nations, who are in 
 or near the Province. I shall without reserve communicate to 
 your Lordship my opinion of the matter and request to have 
 His Majesty's order upon the subject as soon as convenient. 
 
 " In the month of January Monsieur St. Luc waited upon me 
 and claimed as his undoubted right, in consequence of the 
 Kings's Commission, to be declared in the Public Order of the 
 Army a Colonel, expecting by that to have Rank and receive 
 Pay accordingly. I pointed out to him that his request was 
 unprecedented and that his commission would only be declared, 
 when a large Body of Savages were in the Field, and he placed 
 to command them, and also that I was convinced such were 
 His Majesty's Instructions. However as Monsieur St. Luc 
 persevered in his claim, I thought it my duty positively to refuse 
 him, upon which he advertized his horses and effects for sale 
 not that I believe he either had, or has any Intentions of quit- 
 ting the Province. I have no reason to complain of any other 
 part of Mons. St. Luc's conduct, but when I consider the 
 time of his claiming his Rank and compare some part of his 
 conversation with Mons. D'Estaing's Proclamation, considering 
 at the same time his former attachment to the French Govern- 
 ment I cannot suppose him so thoroughly changed as to author- 
 ize the King's Governor to entrust him with the Superintend- 
 ence of Savages, amongst whom artful men may for a long 
 time carry on dangerous Intrigues undiscovered — much less can 
 I suppose it was His Majesty's intention to allow him a High 
 Rank in the Line."'^ 
 
 After peace was proclaimed St. Luc, who was a member of 
 the Legislative Council of Canada, seems to have taken an active 
 
53+ Appendix No, 17. 
 
 part in the political issues of the day. At that time two oppo* 
 site views divided the Canadians on a vital question, each hav- 
 ing many earnest supporters, so that petiti£>:is to the king were 
 strongly pressed on both sides. One party demanded the 
 habeas corpus, legislative assemblies, and, generally, all the 
 rights, privileges, and immunities belonging to Britons all over 
 the world. The other party was suspicious of the proposed in- 
 novations and favored the retention of the Quebec Act of 
 1774. St. Luc belonged to the latter, and, in 1784, during this 
 agitation, he moved in the Legislative Council (members of 
 which were appointed for life) that an address should be pre- 
 sented to the king, thanking his majesty for the protection of 
 Canada during the American Revolutionary War, and praying 
 that he would maintain intact the government of 1774 After 
 a long discussion St. Luc's address was adopted by a majority 
 of about two-thirds, the number of votes being I'j.'^ 
 
 St. Luc was buried at Montreal, Oct. 4, 1784, aged 72 years. 
 The Parish Registers, from which we glean this information, 
 give rhe date of sepulture, and not of death, and the date of 
 baptism, but not of birth. Sepulture succeeded death but 
 two or three days ; and the regulations of the Bishop of 
 Quebec, established prior to 1703, provided that parents should 
 cause their children to be baptized within three days of birth, 
 or four, at latest, under peril of excommunication.* *• 
 
 k. There ii lome confusion u to the firit wife of the subject of this sketch, 
 
 date of St. Luc's birth. The Abbi If La Corne St. Luc was born in 1703, 
 
 Tanguay, in his Diclionnairt Gtnealo- he would have been 74 years old in 
 
 gifut, vol. I, p. 167, gives the birth of 1777, whereas Guv. Tryon represented 
 
 Louis-Luc, a son of Jean-Louis de la him to be in his 66th year, and "in the 
 
 Corne, as 'jne 6, 1703, but no mention vigour of health and animal spirits." 
 
 h made of any other sun named Luc. The record of the sepulture of M'r Luc 
 
 He also says that Louis-Luc married it Chap dt Lacarnt, Colonel, Citva- 
 
 Maric-Annc Hervieux, the name of the liir, ttc, Conutller du Roi, &c., under 
 
Appendix No, I'j. 535 
 
 St. Luc was married three times ; first, at Montreal, Dec. 
 10, 1742, to Marie Anne Hervieux ; second, at Montreal, 
 Sept. 3, 1757, to Marie Josephe Guillemin, widow of Le 
 Gardeur de St. Pierre ; and third, to Marie Anne Marguerite 
 Boucher de Boucherville, daughter of Pierre, the third Seig- 
 neur de Boucherville, and sister of Rene Amable, the fourth 
 Seigneur de Boucherville, who is sketched elsewhere in this 
 volume. His last wife survived him. He left several children ; 
 one of whom, Elizabeth, was married to Charles Louis Tarieu 
 de Lanaudiere, who is sketched elsewhere in this volume ; 
 another, Marie Anne, to Major, afterwards Lieut.-Col. John 
 Campbell, Superintendent of Indians in Canada ; another, 
 Marie Louise, to George Dupre St. George ; and still another, 
 Marie Marguerite, to Major John Lennox, a son of Lord 
 Alexander Lennox.3' 
 
 The character of St. Luc was by no means an enviable one, 
 at least from an American standpoint. Gen. Montgomery in 
 writing to Gen. Schuyler from camp near St. John's, Oct. 6, 
 1775, says : " Mr. St. Luke's character gives me all the reason 
 in the world to be on my guard against him. I shall insist 
 upon some substantial proof of his sincerity." Samuel Mott 
 wrote to Gov. Trumbull from the same place, and under the 
 same date, as follows : — " St. Luke La Come, (that arch 
 devil incarnate), who has butchered hundreds, men, women 
 
 date of Oct. 4, 1784, in an abstract of children, seven of which were boyi.' 
 
 the Parish Register of Montreal, in the As the Dictiotinaire Genialogiqut does not 
 
 possession of the Abbi Verreau of that mention all the children, the subject of 
 
 city (the original register we have not this sketch was undoubtedly one of those 
 
 seen), gives the age as 72 years, which not mentioned in that work. We feel 
 
 would correspond with Gov. Tryon's confident that the Louis-Luc de la Corne 
 
 •tatment in 1777. St. Luc's mother, in born in 1703, was not the leader of 
 
 applying for a pension after his father's Burgoync's Indians. ['F. U. 194.] 
 death, represented that the had twelve 
 
53 6 Appendix No. 17. 
 
 and children, of our Colonies, in the late war, in the most in- 
 human manner ; who has been a head and leader of the 
 Canadians, and all the Indians, now finding, that notw.th- 
 standing all his wiles and falsehoods," &c., &c.3» That St. 
 Luc was a man of education his letter to Burgoyne, and his 
 journal of the voyage of the Auguste, clearly indicate -, while 
 the offices, civil and military, held by him, prove that he had 
 high standing in Canada. Le Moine says of him—" Being a 
 man of rank, talent and courage, high civil and military honors 
 were soon within his reach."« His modes of warfare show 
 that he was brutal and sanguinary ; and his unrelenting hostility 
 to the Americans, though so recent a subject of the British 
 king himself, manifests the most bitter vindictiveness. He 
 was grasping, avaricious and unprincipled ; for Mrs. Johnson, 
 of Charlestown, N. H., who, with her family, was captured 
 by the Indians in the summer of 1754, and retained m Canada 
 till the autumn of I757> "-^la^"' '" "^^ narrative of her 
 captivity, that St. Luc defrauded her out of four hundred and 
 thirty-eight dollars, and withheld from her an order for seven 
 hundred livres more.^* The very fact of his cheerfully leading 
 savages denotes that he himself was at heart but little better 
 than they. Bancroft characterizes him, as " a man who joined 
 the reHective malice of civilization to the remorseless cruelty 
 of the savage." 35 ['F. T. 309, 310 : L. N. 167. 'F. U. 
 202. 3LS. 32. -L S. 112, 132: L.M. M. 31. »I S. 
 183, 213. «I. S. 345, 500, 9'4. ^I- S. 629. «I. S. 750, 
 817,850. 9G.Y.Y. 118. -LS. 1086. "L P. 590 • C. B. 
 269': G. Y. Y. 119. "J.F. ''K. D. I35-- E. 924, 925- 
 ^♦M. O. 337. '^K. Y. 51-53 : E- 973* >095> 1096, 1098. 
 •*E.973, 1342. "K. Y.,8i. '^K. Y. 88. "H. X. 104: 
 
Appendix No, i8. 537 
 
 F. 156. "°F. 1515, "K. Y. loi : F. 1482 : H. 609, 769. 
 -K. Y. 143. -sA. K. 326. •«!. R. 707. 'sG. V. 146 : B. 
 N. 49, 50. •'M. H. 308-312. '^M. I. 324. '"F. H. 124. 
 •5»A. V. 185. 3»K. A. 14. J'L. N. 167: L. O: F. T: A. 
 X. 142. 3»E. 973, 1095. 33G. Y. Y. 117. mD. E. 218. 
 35A. J. 365.] 
 
 , NO. 18. 
 
 Lieut., afterwards Admiral, John Schank. 
 
 John Schank was descended from a very ancient family in 
 Mid Lothian, a branch of which settled at Kinghorn, in 
 Fifeshire, Scotland, and got lands there in the reign of Robert 
 Bruce, in 13 19. He was the son of Alexander Schanic of 
 Castlereg, Fifeshire, by his wife, Mary, daughter of John 
 Burnet, minister at Moniemusk, Aberdeenshire, and was born 
 about the year 1740. He went to sea in the merchant service 
 at an eirly age; and in 1757 served for the first time on a 
 man of war, the Elizabeth, of 74 guns, commanded by Sir 
 Hugh Palliser. He subsequently sailed in the frigate Emerald 
 under Capt., afterwards Sir Charles Douglas, with whom he 
 went to the North Cape of Lapland, in 1768, to observe the 
 transit of Venus. After his return he gallantly saved the life 
 of Mr. Whitworth, a son of Sir Charles, and brother of Lord 
 Whitworth, who was upset in a small boat in Portsmouth 
 harbor, and afterwards lost in America while serving under 
 Lord Howe. About 1771 he joined the Princess Amelia, of 
 80 guns, then fitting for the flag of Sir George B. Rodney, 
 68 
 
538 Appendix No, 18. 
 
 who had recently been appoii.r?HI lo the command on the 
 Jamaica station. He was subsequently a midshipman for some 
 time on the Barfleur, of 98 guns, in which he came to America, 
 where he met Earl Percy, afterwards the Duke of North- 
 umberland, in conversation with whom he first suggested the 
 idea of centreboard boats. In illustration of his idea he built 
 a boat, in 1774, for Lord Percy, then in Boston; and it 
 realized all his expectations. He afterwards very greatly and 
 very successfully developed this invention.' v 
 
 The following letter from Schank to Gen. Haldimand shows 
 the writer's whereabouts and desire to get on, in the autumn of 
 
 '775- 
 
 *' On Board the Preston in Boston Harbour 
 
 " October the Sth^ 1775. 
 
 " Sir : 1 Beg the liberty of your excusing the liberty I have 
 taken in writing you, as also in troubling you with a list of the 
 killed and wounded : I beg you'll be so good as to mention me 
 to Sir Hugh Palliser with whom I sail'd last War (and as Pro- 
 motions are more frequent than usuall I may get a commission 
 soon. Please to present my compliments to Capt. Prim and 
 excuse the liberty of me who is with 
 " Respect Your 
 
 *' Most obed't 
 
 " Humble servant 
 
 " John Schank.* 
 »' To Gen. Haldimand." 
 
 After eighteen years laborious service in subordinate posi- 
 tions, in which he conspicuously distinguished himself, he was 
 
Appendix No, i8. 539 
 
 promoted to a lieutenancy in June, 1776, and appointed to the 
 command of the Canceaux, an armed schooner of ten guns, 
 and then employed on the River St. Lawrence. This command 
 he retained for a considerable time, at least in name, for almost 
 immediately after assuming it, being recommended by Admiral 
 Vandeput, under whom he had served in India, as a proper 
 person to fit out a flotilla, he was appointed superintendent of 
 the naval department at St. Johns.' Sir Guy Carleton thus 
 wrote to Gen. Burgoyne about this officer : — 
 
 "Quebec, 26M July^ ^n^- 
 ** ♦ * Timber and materials compleat for another vessel 
 is going to be sent up to you from hence, with all possible 
 expedition. A Lt. Shanks is to have the inspecting of the 
 building of it, and afterwards to command it on the Lake, 
 subject, however, to the command of Captain Pringle, and 
 Major-Gen. Phillips, in like manner as the officers on that 
 service. Mr. Shanks promises and will struggle hard to have 
 his vessel the first upon the Lake."^ 
 
 Schank, evidently, fulfilled the promise in Carleton's letter, 
 as the building of the ship Inflexible of over 300 tons, mount- 
 ing eighteen 12 pdrs., which he afterwards commanded and 
 fought, was a marked feat of celerity. She was originally put 
 on the stocks at Quebec where her floors were all laid, and 
 some of her timbers put in. Then she was taken apart and 
 carried up the St. Lawrence to Chambly, and from there to 
 St. John's where she was set up again and finished. Her keel 
 was laid the second time on the morning of Sept. 2d, 1776, and 
 by sunset on that day, not only was she as far advanced in her 
 
540 Appendix No, i8. 
 
 new location as she had been at Quebec, but a considerable 
 quantity of fresh timber was also got out and formed into 
 futtocks, top timbers, beams, planks, &c.; as it was no un- 
 common thing for trees, growing at dawn of day, to form parts 
 of the ship before night. Twenty-eight days from laying the 
 keel, being Sept. 30th, the Inflexible was launched ; and, in 
 the evening of Oct. ist, she sailed completely manned, 
 victualled, and equipped for service. Ten days later she 
 formed part of the fleet which engaged and beat Gen. Arnold's 
 flotilla on Lake Champlain, so that Lieut. Schank's ship building 
 exploit consisted in constructing a ship in six weeks from the 
 time of his laying her keel to the time he fought her success- 
 fully against the enemy. One of the most remarkable parts 
 of this feat was that there were only sixteen ship-wrights to 
 build her, one of whom, on the third day, was so badly cut 
 with an adze as to be of little service.' 
 
 All of Lieut. Schank's endeavours, however, were not 
 equally successful, for Anburey says, in writing from 
 Montreal, — *' There are two schooners here, the Carltton and 
 Maria^ which were built in England upon a construction to 
 take to pieces, in order to be transported across a carrying- 
 place of about two miles. After their sailing from England to 
 the mouth of the rapids, which prevented their proceeding up 
 to St. John's, rather than lose the time of taking them to 
 pieces, and re constructing them, Lieutenant Schank, of the 
 navy, an ingenious officer, informed General Carleton, that 
 they might be conveyed upon a cradle over land to St. John's 
 entire, provided there was a good road made for them. The 
 General acquiesced in this gentleman's proposal, and the whole 
 army were employed in making a road. One of the vessels was 
 
Appendix No, i8. 54.1 
 
 near half a mile on it, by means of cables fixed to windlasses 
 every twenty yards } but the General perceiving this mode of 
 conveyance would take up more time than the other, gave 
 orders to have the schooners taken to pieces and rebuilt, 
 which was accomplished in as short a space of time as they 
 had been creeping that small distance upon land."^ 
 
 His services, however, were not solely confined to the 
 naval department : he attended the army under Gen. 
 Burgoyne^ and became not only the inventor, but the con- 
 structor of several floating bridges, by the assistance of which 
 its progress was materially aided j and without which it would 
 have been, in all probability, totally impeded much sooner than 
 it really was. They were so constructed as to be capable of 
 navigating themselves ; and were not only absolutely equipped 
 with masts and sails for that purpose, hut having been built at 
 the distance of seventy miles from Crow) Point, were actually 
 conveyed thither without difficulty for the purpose of forming 
 a bridge at that place. These floating bridges, like the army 
 intended to pass over them, fell into the hands of the 
 Americans.' 
 
 j^ Besides fitting out and equipping armaments on the great 
 lakes, Lieut. Schank had the direction of four dock yards at 
 the same time, located at St. John's, Quebec, Carleton Island, 
 and Detroit. His mechanical skill and energy were most 
 creditably united to a thoroughly economical expenditure of the 
 public money ; a trait deserving the highest praise at a time 
 when pelf and peculation were the well nigh invariable charac- 
 teristics of British disbursing officers. He was, practically, 
 the civil commander-in-chief, as he discharged all the conjunct 
 
54-2 Appendix No, i8. 
 
 duties of the Admiralty and Navy Boards ; and with such con- 
 spicuous energy and merit as to elicit the highest encomiums 
 from the admiral commanding on that station, as well as the 
 governor general of Canada and military commander-in-chief.'^ 
 
 Though he rendered such laborious and meritorious service 
 in America, his field of action rather retarded his promotion, 
 and we find Gen. Haldimand writing to Lord George Ger- 
 maine as follows : — 
 
 Quebec, 2\th March ^ ^779' 
 " My Lord. 
 
 " The great Promotions in point of rank throughout the 
 Navy and the great prospect of Prize Money when Hostilities 
 were commenced against France, brought me numerous appli- 
 cations from the several sea officers serving on the Lakes, for 
 my Permission to return into their own line of Duty, and I 
 have complied with those applications as far as in every degree 
 consistent with the Naval Defence of this Province, insomuch 
 that I have now only Two Sea Officers left _nder my Com- 
 mand ; they are both Gentlemen of great merit and long 
 services. Lieut. John Schank distinguished himself, in 1776 
 in the construction of the Naval Armament on Lake 
 Champlain, and in its successful operations, has since been 
 very actively employed as Senior Naval Officer and Commis- 
 sion.'r on the Lakes Ontario and Erie. 
 
 " Lieut. Wm. Chambers commands on Lake Champlain. * * 
 " I hope your Lordship will not think me troublesome if I 
 request your interest to obtain for these Gentlemen the Rank 
 of Master and Commander which will still add to the Authority 
 they receive from me, and with which these gentlemen have 
 
Appendix No, i8. 54.3 
 
 promised to serve with cheerfulness in their present station 
 during the present War and contest, without the chance of 
 sharing any part of the numerous prizes we hope their Brother 
 Officers will become masters of." • 
 
 /^Aprii 8, 1780, after more than a year's delay, the desired 
 commissions promoting Schanic and Chambers to be masters 
 and commanders in the navy, were forwarded from the Ad- 
 miralty to Gen. Haldimand' ; although the former had held 
 that position by local appointment for about two years.' 
 
 Capt. Schank was promoted to the grade of post-captain Aug. 
 15, 1783.' He became a member of the Board of Transport 
 Service Sept. 25, 1793'; and, in 1794, he was appointed prin- 
 cipal agent of transports composing a part of the formidable 
 expedition to the West Indies under Sir John Jervis, after- 
 wards Earl of St. Vincent, and Gen. Sir Charles Grey, after- 
 wards Lord Grey de Howick ; the duties of which arduous 
 post he discharged with singular fidelity and ability. When the 
 British troops were compelled to quit Flanders and retire into 
 Holland, whither they were followed by the armies of the 
 French Convention, Capt. Schank was appointed superintendent 
 of all transports or vessels employed in the various services of 
 conveying either troops, stores, or property, from one country 
 to the other. When the French acquisition of coast caused 
 the British to apprehend an invasion of their own country, a 
 new and formidable system of defence was, by the orders of 
 the Board of Admiralty, perfected, arranged, and completely 
 carried into execution under the direction of Capt. Schank, 
 to whom was confided the defence of the whole coast from 
 Portsmouth to Berwick upon Tweed. This extensive and 
 
54+ Appendix No, i8. 
 
 important command was a signal tribute to his ability ; and the 
 manner of its discharge gave him a further claim on the grati- 
 tude of his country.' He was again appointed a Commissioner 
 of the Board of Transport Service on its reorganization, Dec. 
 13, 1798, which position he held until 1802', when an opthal- 
 mic complaint compelled his retirement from active duty. 
 
 After more than forty years service he obtained his flag, 
 being promoted to rear-admiral of the Blue Nov. 9, 1805." 
 His subsequent promotions were as follows — rear-admiral of 
 the White April 28, 1808" i rear-admiral of the Red Oct. 25, 
 1809'*; vice-admiral of the Blue July 31, 181 o''; vice admiral 
 of the White Dec. 4, 1813'^; vice-admiral of the Red June 
 4, 1814'' i and admiral of the Blue July 19, 1821.'* 
 
 He was a Fellow of the Royal Society, and was one of the 
 original members of the Society for improving Naval Archi- 
 tecture. Some of the papers published by this latter society 
 were his ; and in 1793 he published " A Sketch of two Boats, 
 and a Cutter with sliding keels." folio. Though a gallant 
 officer, yet his mechanical and engineering genius was his dis- 
 tinguishing characteristic. In his earlier years he invented a 
 cot so arranged by means of pulleys and castors that the occu- 
 pant could raise or lower it, or change its location at will. 
 Later in life, besides his sliding keels already adverted to, he 
 seems " to have been the inventor of gunboats with movable 
 sides, for firing guns in any direction. He likewise fitted the 
 Wolverine sloop with the inclined plane in her gun carriages, 
 which is justly considered as the greatest modern invention in 
 gunnery." V 
 
Appendix No, 19. 545 
 
 The subject of this sketch married, first, Mrs. FitzGerald, 
 widow of Gen. FitzGerald ; and, second, Miss Margaret 
 Grant, sister of the late Master of the Rolls, Sir William 
 Grant. By his first wife he left one daughter, Margaret, who 
 married Capt. John Wight of the royal navy, afterwards a vice- 
 admiral of the White. This daughter died in 1812, leaving 
 three sons and a daughter. Her third and surviving son, John 
 Mackellar Skeene Grieve Wight, assumed by royal license 
 dated June 13, 1840, the surn%me and arms of Schank, in lieu 
 of his patronymic, Wight, and succeeded to the Schank ances- 
 tral estate of Barton House. 
 
 / Admiral Schank died March 6^ 1823, at Barton House, 
 Dawlish, in Devonshire, in ihe 83d year of his age.'*''/['S. 
 392-402: I. B. 324-332: E. P. P. 81: B. M. 107-112. 
 •F. J. 228. 3F. B. 85. «0. 133. sK. M. 154. «F. H. 
 218, 219. ?F. I. 97. "F. L. 12. 9A. T. Ill, etpm. '"E. 
 D. 1232. "E. E. 551. -E. F. 1229. '^E- H. 182. '^E. I. 
 697. -sE. J. 695. ••E. O. 174. '^B. T. 1067.] 
 
 NO. 19. 
 
 Major Jeremiah French. 
 
 Jeremiah French was commissioned as ensign of the 59th 
 Foot March 4, 1760; as lieutenant Feb. 13, 1762; as 
 captain of the 29th Foot Dec. 7, 1764 ; as major therein July 
 26, 1773; and as lieut.-colonel of the 31st Foot Sept. 13, 
 1777.' Both the 29th and 31st Regts. went to Canada in the 
 69 
 
546 Apfmdix No, 20. 
 
 spring of 1776 to reinforce Gen. Carleton, and both remained 
 in that province throughout the Revolutionary War, save only 
 their flank companies, which formed a part of the light-brigade 
 on Burgoync's expedition. Lieut.-Cc'.onel French served in 
 Canada throughout the war, and in June, 1776, had command 
 of the town of Montreal.* He became a colonel in the army 
 Nov. 20, 1782, and iiis name appears in the Army Lists for 
 the last time in 1788.' I^e died at Parsons-Town, King's 
 County, Ireland, in 1819, in his 89th year. 3 ['B. H. 'F. B. 
 20. 3R. 461.] 
 
 NO. 550. 
 
 Capt. Littlejohn. 
 
 All we have been able to glean in regard to Mr. [or Captain, 
 so called,] Littlejohn, is that he subsequently came to grief, as 
 appears by a letter from Sir Guy Carleton to Gen. Phillips, 
 dated June 17, 1777, in which, after directing that Littlejohn 
 be immediately suspended, Sir Guy goes on to say, "that you 
 will order with respect to him what further you shall think 
 necessary to oblige him to account for the money he has been 
 entrusted with. It was never," Sir Guy adds, " with my 
 approbation nor do I know by what means any came into his 
 hands ; I must beg you will find a proper person to replace 
 Mr. Littlejohn." [F. B. 530.] 
 
Appendix No, 21. 547 
 
 NO. 31. 
 
 \ ■• , 
 
 Brig. Gen. Allan Maclean. 
 J 
 
 ^ Allan Maclean was the third son of Donald, the fifth 
 
 Maclean of Torloisk, in the west of Scotland, by his wife 
 Mary, a daughter of Campbell of Sutherland. Allan began 
 his military career in the service of Holland, the Scotch 
 Brigade to which he belonged, being sometimes called the 
 Dutch Brigade, because it was in the pay of the States 
 General.' At the siege of Bergen-op zoom, in 1747, a portion 
 of the Scotch Brigade cut its way with great loss through the 
 French, who had forced an entrance into the streets of the 
 town, but Lieuts. Francis Maclean and Allan Maclean of that 
 brigade, were taken prisoners and carried before Gen. Lowcn- 
 dahl, who thus addressed them : " Gentlemen, consider 
 yourselves on parole. If all had conducted themselves as you 
 and your brave corps have done, I should not now be master 
 of Bergen-op zoom."' , 
 
 Allan Maclean subsequently entered the British service, 
 and, on January 8th, 1756, became a lieutenant in the 4th 
 Battalion of the 62d (afterwards the 60th), or Royal American 
 Regiment,3 of which he was for sometime adjutant. He was 
 present at Abercromby's unsuccessful attack on Ticonderoga, 
 July 8th, 1758, where he was severely wounded < January 
 l6th, 1759, he was commissioned as captain of an Independent 
 Company then stationed at New York^ ; and with this com- 
 pany he was present at the action preceding the surrender of 
 Niagara, where he was again dangerously wounded. After 
 
5+8 
 
 Appendix No, 2 1 . 
 
 active iighting in Canada and on the northern frontier had 
 
 ceased, Capt. Maclean returned to Great Britain, where the 
 
 government shortly after granted him " letters of service " for 
 
 embodying a battalion of six hundred men, with the privilege 
 
 of nominating its complement of officers.' This battalion, 
 
 which was numbered the 114th Foot, and known as the Royal 
 
 Highland Volunteers, and of which he was appointed major 
 
 commandant October i8th, 17613, saw no active service; and 
 
 from its ranks recruits were drawn for the Highland regiments 
 
 in America and Germany.' It was reduced at the peace of 
 
 1763, when Major Maclean went upon half-pay. He became 
 
 a lieut. colonel in the army May 25th, 1772'; and early in 
 
 1775 he devised a colonization scheme which brought him to 
 
 America, landing in New York the latter part of May in that 
 
 year.'" He next visited Boston, where, on the 13th of June, 
 
 he received from Gen. Gage, the British commander-in-chief 
 
 in America, power to raise a battalion of provincials for the 
 
 King's service ; this being the inception of what subsequently 
 
 became the Royal Highland Emigrants.' His intentions 
 
 getting wind* he hastened back to New York where he was 
 
 arrested by order of Congress, but he obtained his release by 
 
 denying that he was interfering in the dispute between the 
 
 colonies and the mother country .» Leaving New York he 
 
 repaired to Col. Guy Johnson on the Mohawk, and thence 
 
 proceeded to Oswego, and so to Canada, where under the 
 
 auspices of Gen. Carleton, he at once set about organizing his 
 
 corps." 
 
 a. The Royal Warrant and Articles of found in vol. viii, of Documenti, relating 
 Aiiociation giving the full details of Col. to thr Colonial History of the State of 
 Maclean's colunisation scheme, can b« New York pp. 561-564. 
 
Appendix No. 21. 549 
 
 The Royal Highland Emigrants consisted of two battalions, 
 and the commander-in-chief in America was colonel ex officio, 
 Allan Maclean was appointed lieut.-colonel commandant of 
 the First Battalion, which was to be raised from the Highland 
 emigrants in Canada, and the discharged men of the 42d Foot, 
 or Black Watch, afterwards the Royal Highland Regiment, and 
 from Montgomery's and Fraser's Highlanders, who had settled 
 in that country after the peace of 1763. Capt. John Small, 
 formerly of the 42d, and then of the 21st Foot, was appointed 
 major commandant of the Second Battalion, which was to be 
 completed in Nova Scotia from emigrants and discharged 
 Highland soldiers, and where it afterwards served under Brig.- 
 Gen. Francis Maclean, who, when a lieutenant in the Dutch 
 service, was taken prisoner at Bergen-op-zoom, in 1747, with 
 the subject of this sketch. The establishment of each 
 battalion was seven hundred and fifty-men, with officers in pro- 
 portion", until Dec. 25, 1780, when the establishment of the 
 First Battalion became twelve companies, each consisting of 
 three sergeants, four corporals, two drummers, and fifty-six 
 privates, including; three contingent men, with two fifers for 
 the Grenadier company, and the usual commissioned and staff 
 officers." Great inducements were offered for recruits, as will 
 be seen by the following circular, issued in 1775 over Col. 
 Maclean's own signature, and which corresponds with the 
 terms of the Royal warrant conferred on him in the coloniza- 
 tion scheme. 
 
 " Conditions to be given to such soldiers as will engage in 
 the Royal Highland Emigrants. 
 
 " They are to engage during the present trouble in America 
 only. Each soldier is to have two hundred acres of land in 
 
550 Appendix No. 21. 
 
 any Province in North America he shall think proper, the 
 King to pay the Patent fees, Secretary's fees, and Surveyor 
 General's ; besides twonty years free of quit rent ; each 
 married man gets fifty acres for his wife, and fifty for each 
 child on the same terms. And as a gratuity, besides the above 
 great terms, one guinea levy money. 
 
 *' Allan Maclean, 
 
 /" Lieutenant-Colonel Commandant."'* 
 
 According to Henry, a private in Smith's Riflemen, who 
 was taken prisoner in the American assault on Quebec, the 
 ranks of the Royal Highland Emigrants were likewise 
 attempted to be recruited by other and more questionable 
 means. In his account of Arnold's Campaign against Quebec, 
 Henry writes, — " January 4th, [1776] or the next day, we were 
 visited by Colonel Maclean, an old man, attended by other 
 officers, for a peculiar purpose, that is., to ascertain who among 
 us were born in Europe. We had many Irishmen, and some 
 Englishmen. The question was put to each ; those who 
 admitted a British birth, were told they must serve his majesty 
 in Colonel Maclean's regiment, a new carps called the emigrants. 
 Our poor fellows, under the fearfu'. penalty of being carried to 
 Britain, there to be tried for treason, were compelled by 
 necessity, and many of them did enlist.''* Joseph Ware, who 
 likewise accompanied Arnold through the wilderness, and was 
 also taken ?t the assault upon Quebec, has given us the 
 names of 94 of his fellow prisoners who *' listed in the King's 
 service ;" the majority, if not all of whom, doubtless entered 
 the Emigrants as the result of Col. Maclean's peculiar argu- 
 ment.'s The value of such methods of recruiting is shown by 
 
Appendix No, 2\, 551 
 
 a British officer who wrote in his Journal during the same siege, 
 under date of Feb. i6, 1776, as follows : '* This morning all 
 the prisoners that had entered into Colonel McLean's corps 
 (in consequence of the frequent desertion among them) were 
 again sent to gaol, a circumstance which has seemingly ^iven 
 great satisfaction to all the other members of the garrison, as 
 this plan is the only effectual one that can be devised to frus- 
 trate their traitorous designs."** 
 
 'Quebec would undoubtedly have fallen into Gen. Arnold's 
 hands when he suddenly appeared before it, in November, 1775, 
 had not Col. Maclean, hearing of the American advance, pre- 
 cipitately thrown himself with a part of his corps into the city.'' 
 During the siege by Montgomery and Arnold, the Royal 
 Highland Emigrants took an active part in resisting the in- 
 vaders. Gen. Guy Carleton, the British commander-in-chief, 
 being occupied in preparations for the general defence of the 
 colony, the immediate defence of the town devolved upon 
 Lieut. -Col. Maclean who conducted it with much ability, 
 for which he was honored with the royal approbation.'* 
 During the siege he suffered an injury to his leg whereby he 
 lost the use of it in a great measure for the rest of his life'' 
 After the American retreat from Canada the First Battalion of 
 the Emigrants remained in the province during the war, and 
 was principally employed in small but harassing enterprises.** 
 Lieut.-Col. Maclean was appointed adjutant- general of the army 
 in Canada May 11, 1776, a position he continued to hold till 
 his appointment as a brigadier-general, June 6, 1777, when he 
 was placed in command at Montreal.*' On the 23d of the 
 following September he was ordered, with St. Leger's force and 
 
552 Appendix No, 21. 
 
 the 31st Regt., to the relief of Gen Powell at Ticonderoga, 
 which post was being threatened by the Americans. That 
 service was to be of short duration, and he was to send 
 forward St. Leger's force to Burgoyne, and return with the 
 31st, when Ticonderoga had been relieved. As dangers 
 thickened round Burgoyne's command, Maclean, on the 
 20th of October, was ordered with the 31st Regt. and his 
 own battalion of the Royal Highland Emigrants, to Chimney 
 Point, to fortify there, to preserve communication with Ticon- 
 deroga ; and there he remained until the latter post was 
 abandoned the next month, when he was ordered to 
 Quebec." 
 
 As Lieut. -Col. Maclean had been promised rank and estab- 
 lishment for his corps, which had not been conferred, he left 
 Quebec July 27, 1776, for England, and arrived in London on 
 the 2d of the following September, in order to get the promises 
 redeemed, if possible.'^ He returned to Canada the following 
 spring, arriving at Quebec May 28, 1777, in his Majesty's 
 ship Tartar.'* His mission was unsuccessful, and it was not 
 till nearly two years later that he accomplished his purpose. 
 In 1778 he accompanied Sir Guy Carleton to England's, and 
 made a personal, and this time a successful appeal to the king 
 in behalf of the regiment, which was then received into the 
 regular British army*', and numbered as the 84th Foot. His 
 commission as lieut.-colonel of the 84th dates from June 12, 
 17753, that being within a day of the date of his appointment 
 by Gen. Gage. 
 
 The London Chronicle of Oct. 1-3, 1778, informs us that 
 "Yesterday" (Thursday, Oct. i)"the Quebec merchants 
 
Appendix No. 21. 
 
 s^: 
 
 gave an elegant entertainment at the London Tavern to Sir 
 Guy Carleton, General Maclean, and Peter Livius, Esq., Chief 
 Justice of that Province, lately arrived from thence, as a mark 
 of their respect for gentlemen who behaved s .j gallantly in de- 
 fence of the city of Quebec when besieged by the rebels in 
 1775." Gen. Maclean sailed from Spithead, with his family, 
 on his return to Canada, May i, 1779, and arrived at Quebec 
 on the i6th of the following August.'' 
 
 He became a colonel in the army Nov. 17, 1780^, and in the 
 winter of 1782 he had cc^mmand of the posts from Oswe- 
 gatchie to Michilimackinac.*^ About this time he had some 
 difficulty with the German Major-General Riedesel, in which 
 Gen. Haldimand seems to have sympathized with the latter, as 
 he speaks of Maclean's " bad conduct," and writes to Riedesel, 
 under date of Dec. 19, 1782, as Follows : — "1 believe, also, 
 that his majesty has too good an opinion of my honor, than to 
 pay no attention to the reports I have sent him \ and I hope, 
 tlierefore, that Mr. McLean's true character will then be found 
 out." Again, under date ot Jan. 13, 1783, Haldimand wrote 
 to Riedesel in this wise : — '"■ McLean, inflated with arrogance, 
 will omit nothing to gain adherents ; and, if the least oppor- 
 tunity is given him, will soon consider himself a man of import- 
 ance. I should stir him up myself if he would stay here ; but 
 I will communicate to you some information showing you his 
 character in a yet different light." "9 
 
 Soon after the peace of 1783, the 84th was reduced and the 
 
 officers went upon half-pay', when General Maclean retired 
 
 from the service. He married Janet, daughter of Donald 
 
 Maclean of the house of Brolas, and sister of General Sir Fitz- 
 
 70 
 
5 '54 
 
 /Appendix No. 2 
 
 roy Maclean, of Maclean, and died in London in March, 1797 
 without issue. " Few men of his day," says the historian of 
 the Clan Maclean, " were more universally respected than 
 General Allan Maclean j pre-eminently distinguished for the 
 high attributc-'< of the brave soldier and the good man, he has left 
 a name which will long continue to be spoken of with the re- 
 spect so justly due to the memory of the good and the brave."" * 
 
 Allan Mack-an of Torloislc, whose life has just been sketched, 
 has been confused by some wiiters — notably by Major-General 
 Stewart, in his Sketches of the Highlanders, 11, 78, 82 ; by 
 Browne, who has borrowed very largely from Stewart, in his 
 History of the Highlands and the Highland Clans, iv, 242 note 
 and 244 ; by Dr. O'Callaghan, in his note to vol. viii, 363, of 
 Documents relating to the Colonial History of the iitate of 
 New York ; and by Gen. de Peyster, in Wilson's Orderly 
 Book, p. 9, note, — with Allan Maclean o\ iirolas, who suc- 
 ceeded to a baronetcy in October, 1750. This latter officer 
 embraced a military life in his youth, and served in difFeient parts 
 of the globe. The first notice of his military career is as captain 
 under the Earl of Drumlanrig in the service of Holland. July 
 i6th, 1757, he became a captain in Montgomery's Highlanders 
 (known also, at different times as the First Highland Battalion, 
 the 62d Foot,*" and the 77th Foot), and major in the 1 19th Foot, 
 
 b. As both Montgomery's Highlanders date Jan. 4, 1757. Not being numbered 
 
 and the Royal American Regiment, are it was designated in the Army List of 
 
 spoken of in the above note as the 62d, 1757, as the First Highland Battalion, 
 
 a few words of explanation may not be In the first edition of the Army List of 
 
 amiss. '758 it was numbered as the 62d Foot, 
 
 The regiment popularly called Mont- but, in a subsequent edition for that year, 
 
 gomery's Highlanders, was raised among it* number was changed to the 77th, 
 
 the Highland clans of Scotland by which designation it retained until it was 
 
 Archibald Montgomery, whose commis- disbanded shortly after the peace of 
 
 ■ion as lieut. -colonel commandant bore 1763. 
 
Appendix No. 21. 
 
 S55 
 
 or the Prince's Own, June 25th, 1762. His corps being re- 
 duced at the peace of 1763, he went upon half-pay ; and 
 though he attained the rank of lieut. -colonel in the army, May 
 25th, 1772, he never returned to active service, but remained 
 on half-pay as major of the late 1 19th, until his death December 
 lOth, 1783. Sir Allan Maclean marrifij Anna, daughter of 
 Hector Maclean of Coll, by whom he had three daughters and 
 a son ; but as the latter died in childhood, he was succeeded 
 in the baronetcy bv a collateral branch. 3° ['H. W. 35>-356. 
 •L. G. 78. 3i}. H. ••H. E. 176. 5B. J. 368, note. «C. C. 
 426: I. R. 562, etpost, 583. ^V. E. 124. ^I. R. 589. 'F. 
 290. '"K. U. 262. "L. G. 209. "F. E. 166. '3E. 4. '••F. 
 R. 136. '3l. I. 133. '*J. Z. 49. '^L. G. 210. '*H. 1005 : 
 F. B. 188. '9K. H. 258. *^L. G. 211. "F. E. r, 77: F. C. 
 129. "F. C. 23, 24, 91, 98, 529: F. E. 85, 89. »3l. 
 626. '^J. J. "5j. o. "^H. J. 278, 339. »7j. p. .sp E^ 
 208. »9K:. N. 148, 149, 154. 30B. H: H. W. 207, 209 : 
 I. Z. App. 348, 349.] 
 
 The Royal American Regiment was 
 raised in 1756, and waj numbered as the 
 62d Foot; but in 1758 its numlicr was 
 changed to tiie 60th, and so it now 
 remains. It originally hai four battalions, 
 but iti 3d and 4th were disbanded at the 
 peace ot 1763. Third and fourth battal- 
 ions were added in 1778, and reduced in 
 1783. The number of battalions was 
 raised to ten during the war ot 1804-15, 
 eight of which were reduced in 1817-18. 
 The present 3d and 4th Battalions were 
 raised in 1855-58. The designation of 
 the 60th, as " The Royal American Reg- 
 iment," gave place to " The Duke of 
 York's Own Rifle Corps," in the Army 
 
 List of iS25,and that, in turn, was super- 
 seded in the Army List of 183 1, by 
 " The King's Royal Rifle Corps," which 
 litter name the 6orii still retains. 
 
 The regiment on Burgoyne's expedi- 
 tion whieh was numbered as the 62d, was 
 raised in 1755 as the 2d Battalion of the 
 4th, or K-ing's Own Regiment of Foot. 
 In 1758 it was detiched from the 4th, 
 and numbered as the 62d Foot, and this 
 number it has ever since retained Shortly 
 after the peace of 1783 county designa- 
 tions were conferred, and the 6zd hat 
 since then been also known as the Wilt- 
 shire Regiment. [B. H : L. X. 337.] 
 
556 
 
 Appendix No, 22. 
 
 NO. 23. 
 
 Lieut. Colonel Nicholas Sutherland. 
 
 Nicholas Sutherland entered the British army June 14, 
 1755, as an ensign in the Royal Americans, 01 62d, afterwards 
 the 60th Foot. On the formation of the First Highland Bat- 
 talion (Montgomery's Highlanders), subsequently numbered as 
 the 62d, and then as the 77th, he was promoted to a lieuten- 
 ancy therein Jan. 8, 1757, and to the captain-lieutenancy Sept. 
 15, 1758.' He served with his regiment in America, and 
 took part in the expedition against Fort Du Quesne, which 
 was crowned with success, as the fort surrendered in Novem- 
 ber of that year. His regiment formed part of the army under 
 Gen. Amherst in 1759, and was detached against the Chero- 
 kees in 1760, in which operations Capt. -Lieut. Sutherland was 
 wounded.' He was promoted to a captaincy Dec. 31, 1761', 
 and served in the expedition against Martinico and Havana in 
 1762.' At the peace of 1763 his regiment was reduced, and 
 he went upon half-pay, but returned to active duty March 14, 
 1765, as captain in the 21st, or Royal North British Fuzileers, 
 ■which regiment was then serving in America.' Feb. 21, 1772, 
 he sold out his captaincy and purchased the majority of his 
 regiment'- 3; and when it embarked for Canada in the spring 
 of 1776 to reinforce Sir Guy Carleton, he accompanied it. 
 Nov. 5, 1776, he became the lieutenant-colonel of the 47th 
 Foot in place of Gen. Nesbii deceased, and this position he 
 held until his death.' 
 
 He took part in Burgoyne's campaign and his name is at- 
 tached to the Cambridge Parole. He seems, according to 
 
Appendix No, 22. 557 
 
 Wilkinson, to have been an active instrumentality in bringing 
 about the conclusion of the Saratoga Convention. The pre- 
 liminary articles having been agreed upon between the opposing 
 commanders, Burgoyne desired more time to settle ''the several 
 subordinate articles and regulations necessarily springing from 
 these preliminaries, and requiring explanation and precision, 
 between the parties, before a definitive treatv could be safely 
 executed,'' and he therefore wrote to the American commander 
 that he was willing '' to appoint two officers immediately to 
 meet two others from Major-general Gates, to propound, 
 discuss, and settle those subordinate articles, in order that the 
 treaty in due form may be executed as soon as possible." 
 Lieut. -Col. Nicholas Sutherland, and Capt. James H. Craig 
 of the 47th regiment, accordingly met Col, Wilkinson and 
 Brig.-Gen. W hippie (of the militia), at a tent which had been 
 pitched between the advance guards of the two armies just 
 above Gen. Schuyler's saw mill, on the afternoon of Oct. J5th. 
 Wilkinson says : — " Having produced and exchanged creden- 
 tials, we proceeded to discuss the objects of our appointment, 
 and at 8 o'clock p. m., we signed and exchanged articles of 
 capitulation, and separated to report to our respective Generals. 
 Having performed this service, and received the approbation of 
 my superior, I proceeded to my daily duty, and on returning to 
 headquarters about 1 1 o'clock P. M. found the following note 
 from Captain Craig, to which I by order immediately returned 
 the annexed answer. 
 
 ** * Camp at Saratoga, 15th Oct. \ past 10 o'clock. 
 
 ••*SiR. 
 
 " ' Upon reporting the proceedings of this evening to Lieuten- 
 ant-general Burgoyne I was happy to receive his approbation 
 
558 
 
 Appendix No, 22. 
 
 and ready concurrence in every article that has been agreed on 
 between us ; it however appears upon a retrospect of the 
 treaty, that our zeal to complete it expeditiously has led us 
 into the admission of a term in the title very different from his 
 meaning, and that of the principal officers of this army, who 
 have been consulted on this important occasion. We have, Sir, 
 unguardedly called that a treaty of capitulation^ which the army 
 means only as a treaty of convention. With the single altera- 
 tion of this word, Lieutenant-colonel Sutherland and myself 
 will meet you at the stipulated time tomorrow morning with 
 the fair copy signed by General Burgoyne. 
 
 '* ' I hope Sir, you will excuse my troubling you so late, but 
 I thought it better than by any delay to prevent the speedy 
 conclusion of a treaty which seems to be the wish of both 
 parties, and which may prevent the further effusion of blood 
 between us. I beg your immediate answer, and am 
 
 " ' Sir. Your obedient and humble servant 
 
 " * James Henry Craig. Capt. 47th Reg. 
 
 " 'Colonel Wilkinson' 
 
 " * Colonel Wilkinson's compliments to Captain Craig, 
 Major general Gates will admit the alteration required. 
 " * Oct. 15th, — at night.* 
 
 " On the morning of the i6th. General Gates received 
 another message from General Burgovne, which excited a 
 good deal of surprise and some indignation."* 
 
 It seems that Bi /goyne had received information that some 
 of Gates' New York militia had left the preceding night, but 
 the real motive of the British commander is thus explained by 
 Gen. Riedesel. — '* The unexpected arrival of a provincial in 
 
Appendix No. 22. 559 
 
 the night at once put a stop to the completion of the treaty. 
 Indeed it came very near being entirely overthrown. This man 
 stated that he had heard, through a third party, that General 
 Clinton had captured the fortifications on the highlands, and 
 had arrived with the troops and fleet at i^sopus eight days 
 previous ; and further, that by this time, he was very likely at 
 Albany. Burgoyne and a few other officers were so en- 
 couraged by this news, that they were greatly in favor of 
 breaking the treaty. The council of war was accordingly 
 once more called together, and the following questions laid 
 before it: 
 
 *' ist. Whether a treaty, which was about being completed 
 by his deputies, and which he himself had promised to sign, 
 could be broken ? Fourteen voices against eight decided this 
 question in the negative. 
 
 " id. Whether the report of a man, whom nobody knew, 
 was sufficient in our present situation to justify our refusal of 
 so advantageous a treaty ? The same number of votes decided 
 this also in the negative. Nor could the decision have been 
 different. Everything rested on mere hearsay. Had this 
 man been sent by Clinton, or had he seen the army himself, 
 the matter would have been very different. 
 
 " 3d. Whether the common soldiers possessed sufficient 
 spirit to defend the present position of the army to the last 
 man ? All the officers of the left wing answered this in the 
 affirmative. Those of the centre and left wings gave a similar 
 answer, provided the enemy were attacked ; but the men were 
 too well acquainted with their defective position to display the 
 same bravery in case they were themselves attacked. 
 
560 
 
 Appendix No, 22. 
 
 " Finally, in order to gain time, it was resolved that 
 Burgoyne should inform Gates by letter that he had been told 
 by deserters and other reliable persons that he had sent a con- 
 siderable corps of his army towards Albany, and that this being 
 contrary to all faith, he (Burgoyne) could not give his signature 
 without being convinced that the American army outnumbered 
 his own by at least three or four to one ; Gates could there- 
 fore name an officer of our army who might see for himself 
 the number of the enemy ; and should Burgoyne, after hearing 
 this officer's report, be convinced of the superior numbers of 
 the Americans, he would at once sign the treaty. General 
 Gates received this letter with considerable nonchalance^ but 
 replied that he would give his word of honor that his aimy 
 was just as strong now as it was previous to the treaty, and 
 that having since then been reinforced by a iew brigades, it 
 certainly did outnumber ours four to one, and this, too, 
 without counting those troops that were on the other side of 
 the Hudson and at Half Moon. He also gave Burgoyne to 
 understand what it meant to break his word of honor, and 
 offered to show his whole army to Burgoyne after the latter 
 had signed the treaty, when he would find that everything he 
 had stated was true. He then closed by giving Burgoyne no 
 longer than one hour in which to answer, stating that at the 
 expiration of that time he would adopt the most stringent 
 measures. "5 
 
 The one hour referred to by Gen. Riedesel was extended 
 to two hours, and Wilkinson says : — " The interview with 
 General Burgoyne had been spun out to such length, that 
 General Gates became uneasy, and I found a messenger 
 waiting at our picket, to know what I had done. I reported. 
 
Appendix No. 22. 
 
 561 
 
 in brief, what had passed, and what was depending ; and took 
 a station near the ruins of General Schuyler's house, where I 
 walked, and expected with much anxiety, the result of General 
 Burgoyne's consultation : the two hours had elapsed by a 
 quarter, and an aid-de-camp from the General had been with 
 me, to know how matters progressed ; soon after I perceived 
 Lieutenant-colonel Sutherland oppcjite to me, and beckoned 
 him to cross the creek ; on approaching me he observed, ' Well, 
 our business will be knocked on the head after all.' I in- 
 quired why ? He said, * the officers had got the devil in their 
 heads and could not agree.' I replied gaily, ' I am sorry for it, 
 as you will now not only lose your fusee ' (which he had 
 owned thirty-five years, and had desired me to except from the 
 surrendered arms and save for him, as she was a favorite 
 piece), * but your whole baggage.' He expressed much sorrow 
 but said he could not help it. At this moment I recollected 
 the letter Captain Craig had written me the night before, and 
 taking it from my pocket, I read it to the Colonel, who 
 declared he had not been privy to it ; and added with evident 
 anxiety, * Will you give me that letter.' I answered in the 
 negative, and observed, ' I should hold it as a testimony of the 
 good faith of a British commander.' He hastily replied, 
 * Spare me that letter. Sir, and I pledge you my honour I will 
 return it in fifteen minutes.' I penetrated the motive, and 
 willingly handed it to him ; he sprang ofF with it, and directing 
 his course to the British camp, ran as far as I could see him : 
 in the meantine I received a peremptory message from the 
 General to break off the treaty, if the convention was not 
 immediately ratified. I Informed him by the messenger, that 
 I was doing the best I could for him, and would see him in 
 
 7» 
 
562 
 
 Appendix No. 22. 
 
 half an hour. Colonel Sutherland was punctual to his promise, 
 and returned with Captain Craig, who delivered me the con- 
 vention, signed by General Burgoyne, with an additional 
 article specifically to include himself, which I engaged should 
 be admitted by General Gates, and immediately sent to 
 General Burgoyne. I then returned to head quarters after 
 eight hours absence, and presented to General Gates the im- 
 portant document, that made the British army conventional 
 prisoners to the United States."* , 
 
 Exactly when Lieut. -Col. Sutherland returned to England 
 has not been ascertained, but there is no doubt of its having 
 been prior to February, 1779, as he was commissioned lieut.- 
 colonel of the Sutherland Regiment of Fencible men in North 
 Britain, Feb. 8, 1779.' Gen. Burgoyne in the State of the 
 Expedition, when reviewing the evidence taken before a com- 
 mittee of the House of Commons in May and June, 1779, uses 
 this language : — *' Of forty officers or more, belonging to the 
 Convention troops, then in England, one only was proposed 
 to be called on his Lordship's (Lord Germaine's) part, viz.: 
 Lieutenant Colonel Sutherland, of the 47th regiment, upon 
 parole from the Congress, and acting with a corps of the 
 Fencible Men in North Britain ; but, upon further reflection, 
 his Lordship thought proper to dispense with the attendance of 
 this officer."" 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel Sutherland died July 18, 1781.' ['B. H. 
 •B. J. 246, 247. 3M. D. 222. '•M. T. 309-317. 5K. M. 
 183. «B. N.93. ^K.O.] 
 
INDEX 
 
 96, 97. 
 144 
 
 98, 
 
 ACLAND, Lady Harriet, liii, Iv, 
 Ixxxi, 106, 459. 
 Maj. John Dyke, xlvi, lii, 88. 
 Adams, Mr., 70. 
 
 P»«y. 71, 73- 
 Additionals, 152, 288. 
 Additional companies, 140, 141 
 Advanced corps, 90, 93, 
 
 1091 '37, 138, 143. .. 
 composition of, 159. 
 Alarm Post, 75. 
 
 Albany, 46, 47, 71, 1,3, 116, 117, 132, 
 202, 488, 526, 559. 
 Eng., 146. 
 Alfred, Am. Cruiser, 17, 32. 
 Allen, Ethan, liv, Ivii, 157, 485, 4^2^ 
 
 502, 509, 523, 524. 
 American Antiquarian Society, xiii, 28. 
 
 prisoners, treatment of, 10 1. 
 Ammunition to be inspected, 188. 
 carts to be made, 249. 
 . . how distributed, 254. 
 
 ■ _ order relating to, 311. 
 
 instruction as to, 180, 181. 
 orders as to, 205, 242, 244, 247, 
 
 *S3. 254, 263, 264, 316. 
 rounds of, per gun, 159. 
 to be conveniently stored, 1-79. 
 Amusements of British officers, 35. 
 Anburey, Thomas, xcvii, 7, 86, 372, 
 
 475,489, 491,499, 500. 
 Andre, Major, 378. 
 Anhalt Zerbet, Regt., of, 386. 
 Anstruther, Lt. Col. John, xlii, 102, 
 
 117, 269, 277. 
 Apothecaries to report for orders, 182. 
 Arlington, m, 114. 
 Armand, Col., 348. 
 Arms to be inspected, 188. 
 Army Rank, Ixxxvi. 
 Arnold, Benedict, 17, 29, 31, 57, 99, 
 "6,336, 357, 356,445, 447,448, 
 45O1 453- 
 
 Arnold, Benedict, assault on Quebec, 50. 
 order after battle of Free- 
 man's Farm, 28. 
 regt. of, 442. 
 
 retreat from Valcour bay, 
 24- 
 Articles of war to be read, 232 
 Artificers, 84, 153, ,97, ,99, '^o^^ ^^^ 
 
 206, 324. 
 Artillery, 38, 83, 9,, 92, ,4, ^g, 144, 
 
 147, 149, 150. 15*, iSh 189, 
 
 *77, 289. 
 ammunition, 179, 180. 
 and stores, disposition of, 200, 
 boats, 31. 
 brigade, 90. 
 
 to disembark, 183. 
 with Fraser's corps, 247. 
 brigades, composition of, 179. 
 
 entrenching tools for, 170 
 cantonment, 190. 
 carts, how to be loaded, 309. 
 comm'y of horses, 310.' 
 detachments, how made, 252. 
 disposition for campaign of i-^ne 
 250. " ' 
 
 exercise, 319. 
 fault found with, 307. 
 horses, 188. 
 
 men to serve in working parties. 
 219. ' 
 
 order relating to, 17a. 
 
 Park, 140, 143, 319. 
 
 position at St. John's, 267. 
 
 practice, 208, 247. 
 quarters, 187. 
 returns called for, 192. 
 silence urged in use of, 180. 
 stores, order relating to, 316. 
 to be inspected on march, 312, 
 transports, 200, 212. 
 under comm'y of provisions, an, 
 Atherton, Mr., 71. ^ 
 
5^ 
 
 Index, 
 
 'V 
 
 Aubrey, Capt. Thomas, xcii, 170, 321, 
 
 3^5- 
 Auguste, the ship, 520. 
 wreck of, 521. 
 Authorities, xii, xvii. 
 
 BAGGAGE, carriages required for, 
 187. 
 guard, 139. 
 
 to be sicic men, 188. 
 money, 209, 216, 217. 
 officers advised to deposit heavy, 
 
 191. 
 to be burned, when, 311. 
 Bailey, Gen. Jacob, 28. 
 Baillie, Lt. Alex., 291. 
 
 Maclcay Hugh, xlviii. 
 Balcarres, Earl, xlvi, xlvii, Hi, 88, 333, 
 
 336, 462, 489. 
 Baldwin, Lt. Charles, 214. 
 Barner Battallion, Ixxix, 36. 
 Barnes, Lt. John, xlii, xlviii, Ixxiv, 251. 
 Barre, Col., 216. 
 Barrington, Lord, xc, 433. 
 Bat horses, iii, 113, 139, 142, 153. 
 men, 113, 139. 
 monty, 209, 216, 217. 
 Batting regulations, 195. 
 Batteaux, i, 44, 80, 82, 85, 94, 95, 96, 
 97, 100, 140, 143, 144, 153, 
 200, 211, 258, 281. 
 allotment of, 80. 
 
 carrying capacity to be tested, 280. 
 Mr. Corbin in charge of, 274. 
 Mr. Landrief inspector of, at Mon- 
 treal, 193. .., 
 to be examined, 302. 
 Batten Kill, iii, 117, 119, 138, 144. 
 Battle, Order in prospect of, 161, 
 Baum, Lt. Col., Ivi, Ivii, Ixxviii, 66, in, 
 118, 120, 129, 130, 133, 136, 
 
 ^Sii =94. 479. 514. 530- 
 Bayonet, advantages of, 74. 
 Beacroft, Lt. Richard, 293, 324. 
 Beau, Aimable le, 244. 
 Beef rations ordered, 243. 
 Belloeil (Belleisle), 243. ', ^ 
 
 Bell tents, 75. 
 Bells of arms, 75, 76. 
 Bemus Heights, Battle of, li, Uii, 334. 
 
 347, S>3- 
 
 Bennington, Battle of, Ivi, Ixxvi, Ixxix, 
 
 66, III, 118, 474, 530. 
 Bingley, Lord, 388, 389. 
 Biographical notices : 
 Acland, John Davids, Daniel, 
 
 Dyke, liii. =94 
 
 Anburey, Thomas, Douglas, Sir Chas., 
 
 xcvii. 296. 
 
 Anstruther, John, Duer, Wm., 118. 
 
 102. Dunbar, James, 
 Arnold, Benedict, 206. 
 
 24. Duport, Robert, 
 Aubrey, Thomas, 261. 
 
 321. \ Dupree, St. Geo., 
 
 Baillie, Alex., 291. 276. 
 
 Balcarres, Earl of, Durnford, Andrew, 
 
 333- '33- 
 
 Baum, Frederick, Duvernet, Abram, 
 
 III. 225. 
 
 Beacroft, Richard, Dysart, Richard, 
 
 293. 251- 
 
 Blomefield, Thos., England, Poole, 
 
 361. 14'- 
 
 Bolton, Mason, Farquahar, Wm., 
 
 260. 291. 
 
 Borthwick, Wm., Forbes, Gordon, 
 
 78. 162. 
 
 Boucherville,Capt., Forster, George, 99. 
 
 471. Foy, Edward, 381. 
 
 Breymann, Hein- Francis, Ebenezer, 
 
 rich C, 66. 85. 
 
 Brudenel, Edward, Eraser, Alex., 473. 
 
 106, 218. Simon, 454. 
 
 Burgoyne, John, Freeman, Quinn 
 
 387. John, 176. 
 
 Carleton Christo- French, Arthur, 
 
 pher, 20. 214. 
 
 Sir Guy, 429. Jeremiah, 545. 
 
 Thomas, 19. Gall, Col., 36. 
 
 Carter, John, 91. Gardner, Henry F., 
 
 Chatham, 2d Earl 242. 
 
 of, 215. Gilliland,Wm., 57. 
 
 Clerges, George, Gordon, Harry, 
 
 215 17=. 
 
 Clerke, Sir Francis Patrick, 4. 
 
 C, 145. Gregg, Wm., 122. 
 
 Collier, Wm., 173. Hadden, Jas. M., 
 
 Cox, Wm., 223. xli. 
 
 Currie, Sam'l, 208. Robert, 51. 
 
 Dacres, James R., Hale, Nathan, 
 
 31- 483- 
 
Index, 
 
 5^5 
 
 Hamilton, Gusta- 
 
 vus, Z14. 
 James, 468. 
 Harnage, Henry, 
 
 269. 
 Harrington, Earl 
 
 oFxlix, 367. 
 Herrick, Samuel, 
 
 124. 
 Hill, John, 89. 
 Hobart, David, 
 
 126. 
 Hosmer, Thomas, 
 
 156. 
 Houghton, Wm., 
 
 209. 
 
 Sir Wm., 
 
 Ebenezer, 
 
 Howe, 
 
 373- 
 Jessup, 
 
 67. 
 
 Edward, 67. 
 Johnson, Sir John, 
 
 201. 
 Jones, Thos., 50. 
 
 Valentine, 48. 
 Kennedy, Hugh, 
 
 229. 
 Kingston, Robert, 
 
 62. 
 Knox, Rob't, 218. 
 Lamb, Roger, xciii. 
 Lanaudiere, Chas. 
 
 L. T.,de, 135. 
 Law, George, 137. 
 Littlejohn, Capt., 
 
 546. 
 Lord, Simeon, 323. 
 Macdonell, John, 
 
 290. 
 McFarlane, Wm., 
 
 215. 
 McKay, Samuel, 
 
 39. 
 Maclean, Allan, 
 
 547- 
 Merida, Edward F., 
 
 211. 
 Mitchelson, Walt., 
 
 79- 
 Money, John, 225. 
 
 Monin, , 65. 
 
 Murray, Jas., 10. 
 Nairne, John, 284. 
 Nesbit, Wm., 175. 
 Nichols, Moses, 
 
 123. 
 Norman, Richard, 
 
 246. 
 Nutt, George A., 
 
 44- 
 O'Connell, Lauren- 
 
 tius, 294. 
 Pausch, Capt., 79. 
 Peters, John, 477. 
 Petersham, Lord, 
 
 see Harrington, 
 
 Earl of. 
 Phillips, William, 
 
 343- 
 Phister, Francis, 
 
 134- 
 Pitt, John. See 
 
 Chatham. 
 Pomeroy, Arthur 
 
 J., 210. 
 Powell, Henry W., 
 
 464. 
 Power, Jas., 265. 
 T. Bolton, 
 
 264. 
 Pringle, Thomas, 
 
 17- 
 Reid, Geo, no. 
 Riedesel, Fred. A., 
 
 37. 
 Rimington, Sam'l, 
 
 310. 
 Rotten, John, 213. 
 St. Leger, Barry, 
 
 45- 
 St. Luc, La Corne, 
 
 S'7- 
 Saunders, Alex., 6. 
 Schank, John, 537. 
 Scott, Alex., 206. 
 Skene, Philip, 505. 
 Smith, Wm. P., 
 
 178. 
 Specht, Johann F., 
 
 45- 
 Steele, Thomas, 
 
 337- 
 
 Twl«s, Wm., 169. 
 Valiancy, George 
 
 P., 293. 
 Walker, Ellis, 154. 
 Waterbury, David, 
 
 439- 
 Wilford, Richard 
 
 R., xlix. 
 Williams, Griffith, 
 
 .56. 
 
 John 
 
 York, 
 178. 
 
 H., 
 
 xlviii, li, 
 '54, a74j 
 
 Stephens, George, 
 
 215. 
 Stevelly, Joseph, 
 
 266. 
 Stickncy, Thomas, 
 
 126. 
 Stopford, Jos., 2. 
 Storey, Thomas, 
 
 177. 
 Sutherland, Nich., 
 
 Tayler, Wm. T., 
 
 324. 
 Birch bark canoes, 19. 
 Biscerne, Capt., 191. 
 Blandford churchyard, 359. 
 Blane, Sir Gilbert, 298, 300. 
 Block-houses, 54. 
 Blomefield, Capt. Thomas, 
 Ixxiv, 3, 156, 168, 
 320, 361. 
 Boat drill, 224, 249, 258. 
 Boats to a battalion, 279. 
 Bolton, Jamei Clinton, xli. 
 
 Lt. Col. Mason, 260, 278, 467. 
 Borthwick, Capt. Wm., xlii, xlviii, Ixxiv, 
 78, 102, 225. 
 
 brigade of, 90, 199, 207, 
 
 251, 287, 465. 
 company of, 80, 250, 253. 
 Boston, 116, 330, 374, 378, 395, 548. 
 Boucherville, 48, 185, 472, 524. 
 family, 518. 
 
 Capt., Ixxx, iS3t 471,473- 
 corps of, 65. 
 Marie Anne M. B. de, 535. 
 Bouquet Ferry, 55, 58, 62, 
 
 "»er, 57, 58. 
 Bouton, J. W., XXXV. 
 Braddock, Gen., 529. 
 Brattleborough, 113. 
 Bread for rhe troops, 191. 
 Breymann, Lt. Col., Ivi, Ixxviii, Ixxix, 
 66, 118, 120, 136, iss, 530. 
 corps of, 82, 93, 119, 147, 
 
 149. 153. 159- 
 Bricklayers wanted, 248, 254. 
 
 Bridge of logs, 137. 
 
 over Hudson river, 147, 150, 151. 
 
 Bridget to be repaired, 235. 
 
 Brigade ais't comm'y, 195. 
 
S66 
 
 Index, 
 
 Brigades* weekly return, how made, 
 
 212. 
 
 British army in Canada, 36, 49. 
 
 army lists, xcix. 
 
 contempt for German troops, Ixxxv. 
 
 fleet on Lake Champlain, 53. 
 
 foot reg'ts, organization, Ixx. 
 
 national ensign, 52. 
 
 officers to dress like privates, Ixxi. 
 
 prisoners, treatment of, 40. 
 British Regts : 
 
 i6tli [Queen's] Dragoons, xlviii, 59, 
 
 387, 39*, 393- 
 Foot. 
 
 8th [King's], 201. 
 9th, 44, 68, 89, 90, 92, 94, 146, 1 52, 
 159, 163, 164, 166, 176, 2*6, 
 258, 267, 270, 271, 274, 277, 
 278, 279, 283, 286, 339, 341, 
 401, 402, 464, 469, 
 colors saved, 90, 400. 
 embarks for Canada, Ixvii. 
 record, Ixv. 
 strength, lix. 
 uniform, Ixxii. 
 20th, 44, 54, 68, 145, 147, IS*. 159. 
 166, 184, 289, 464, 469. 
 embarks fur Canada, Ixvii. 
 record, Ixiv, Ixv. 
 strength, lix. 
 uniform, Ixxii. 
 aist, [Royal North British Fuzileers], 
 Ixxiv, 44, 68. 97, 98, 99, 147, 
 152, 159, 164, 176, i8Si 187, 
 189, 216, 233, 23s, 257, 259, 
 267, 268, 270, 271, 272, 277, 
 
 *79. 464. 469- 
 embarks fur Canada, Ixvii. 
 record, Ixii. 
 strength, lix. 
 uniform, Ixxii. 
 24th,lxi, 44, 152, 159, 164,184,185, 
 
 186, 187, 190, 293, 
 embarks for Canada, Ixvii. 
 record, Ixv. 
 strength, lix. 
 uniform, Ixxii.. 
 aytli, 38, 49, 183, 190, 201, 259, 278, 
 
 282, 283, 286, 288, 293, 372. 
 embarks fur Canada, Ixvi. 
 
 British Regts : 
 
 29th, Flank Co's.. lix. 44. 
 grenadier Co., 333, 368. 
 record, Ixv. 
 uniform, Ixxii. 
 3i8t,lix, 49, 176, 21 6, 279, *9*.464. 
 466, 552. 
 embarks for Canada, Ixvii. 
 Flank Cos , lix, 44. 
 record, Ixv. 
 
 trouble about rum, 299, 302. 
 uniform, Ixxii. 
 
 33d. 48. 
 
 detachment in Canada, Ix, 44, 67, 
 
 320. 
 
 embarks for America, Ixix, 
 
 ordered to Canada, Ixviii. 
 
 record, Ixv. 
 
 uniform, Ixxii. 
 34tk, lix, 44, 49, 233, 279, 386, 464, 
 469. 
 
 embarks fur Canada, Ixvii. 
 
 Flank Co's., lix, 44. 
 
 recurd, xlvi. 
 
 unifurm, Ixxii. 
 47th, 44, 68, 144, 147, 146, 152, 
 
 160, 175, 194, 288, 321, 325, 464, 
 
 record, Ixvi, Ixviii. 
 - strength, lix. ■ 
 
 trouble about rum, 299. 
 uniform, Ixxii. 
 53d, 44, 68,117,159,185, 187, 189, 
 
 *34. *79. 464. 465, 769. 
 embarks for Canada, Ixvii. 
 record, Ixvi. ' • 
 
 strength, lix. 
 uniform, Ixxii. 
 60th [Royal American, 62d], account 
 
 of. 55S- 
 62d, 44, 68, 102,103, U7, 147. I5*» 
 159, 164, 165, 166, 233, 249, 
 258, 259, 267, 268, 270, 272, 
 274, 277, 278, 279, 283, 286, 
 289, 464, 465, 469. 
 
 embarks for Canada, Ixvii, 
 
 record, Ixvi, 555. 
 
 strength, lix. 
 
 uniform, Ixxii. - \ 
 
 74th [Argyle's Highlanders], l6z. 
 
Index. 
 
 567 
 
 British Regts : 
 
 76tb [Macdonald's Highlanders], 
 
 290. 
 77th [Montgomery's Highlanders, ist 
 
 Highland Batt.,62d], account of, 
 
 554- 
 78ca [Fraser's Highlanders, 2d High- 
 land Bjtt., 63d] account of, 
 290. 
 84th [Royal Highland Emigrants], 
 73. 190. 466. 
 formation of 548, 549, 152. 
 85th [Royal volunteers], 369. 
 114th [Royal Highland Vols.], 548. 
 Queen's Luval Rangers, 477, 479. 
 Royal Regt., of N. Y. [Queen's 
 Loyal Americans, Johnson's 
 Greens], 69, 202. 
 Royal artillery, Ivi, Ix, 44, 50, 78, 79, 
 91, 102, no, 140, 154, 156, 
 168, 172, 178, 182; 209, 211, 
 223, 225, 250, 310, 343, 386. 
 band, 244. 
 detachment embarks for 
 
 Canada, Ixvii. 
 orgai.ization, Ixxiv. 
 uniform, Ixxii. 
 • borse art'y, xliv. 
 engineers, Ixxvi. 
 British regiments, when iirst numbered, 
 Ixii. 
 royal standard, 52. 
 soldiers quartered on Canadians, 36. 
 troops' cantonments, 190. 
 British war ships : 
 
 Aeolus, 333. Cerberus, 374, 395, 
 
 Amazon, Ixviii. 403- 
 
 Andromeda, 378. Ceres, 17, 32. 
 Apollo, 396. Daedalus, 18. 
 
 Ariadne, 17,18,32. Duke, 298. 
 Assistance, 299. Elizabeth, 537. 
 
 Barfleur, 32, 538. Emerald, 296, 537. 
 Blonde, Ixvii, 31, Expedition, 32. 
 
 177, 344, 395. Formidable, 298. 
 Cambridge, 361. Fortune, 32. 
 
 Canceaux, 539. Fowey, 384. 
 
 Carleton, Ixxvii, Garland, Ixxiii. 
 23,26, 31, 32, Genoa Galley, 385. 
 53, 270, 272, Grampus, 403. 
 273, 277, 280, Guerriere, 34. 
 2^3« S4°- Helena, 32. 
 
 Inflexible, 53, 539, Princess Amelia, 
 
 .540. 537. 
 
 Isis, Ixvi, 296, Racehorse, 32. 
 368, 396. Raisonable, 18. 
 
 Jersey, 29, 53. Roy?l Charlotte, 
 
 Juno, Ixvii, 403. 451. 
 
 Lee, 29, 53. George, 18, 
 
 Lord Howe, 17. 44, 53. 
 
 Maria, 17, 53, 57, St. Albans, 296. 
 
 540. Surprise, Ixvi, 297. 
 
 Marten, Ixvi, 32, Syren, 296. 
 297. Tartar, 552. 
 
 Montreal, 385, Tremendous, 18. 
 
 436. Valiant, 18. 
 
 Niger, Ixviii. Wa8hington,29,53. 
 
 Perseus, 32. Wolverine, 544. 
 
 Preston, 538. Zebra, 32. 
 
 Bromhead, Lt. Gonville, xlviii. 
 Broughton, the pugilist, death of, 228. 
 Brown, Mr., wounded, 31. 
 Col. John, 125, 465. 
 Capt., in British navy, 149. 
 Town Major of Cambridge, 348. 
 Lt. Richard shot, 348. 
 Brudenell, Rev. Edward, Iv, 106, 218, 
 
 460. 
 Brunswick, 38, 45. 
 Duke of, 66. 
 dragoon reg't, 1 11. 
 grenadier batt., 294. 
 guards, 294. 
 Brunswickers, Ixvii, Ixviii, Ixxvii, 37, 45, 
 66, 159, 183, 249, 289, 302, 
 303, 384. 
 first detachment, 37. 
 in Canada, 36. 
 Brymnur, Douglas, xiv. 
 Buchanan, Ensign Wm., xlviii. 
 Bunker Hill, battle of, Iv, 395. 
 Burgoyne, Gen. John, xlvi, xlviii, Ixix, 
 Ixxx, 17, 35, 43,47,49,52, 53, 
 65. 69, 94, 96, 138, 162, 139, 
 140, 146, 152, 165, 167, I7S, 
 176, 208, 346, 376, 385, 387, 
 433. 460, 463. 465.475' 5«3. 
 557- 
 
 another, 387. 
 Sir John Fox, 426. 
 Burgoyne's army organization, 68, 152. 
 strength, lix. 
 art'y, Ixxiv. 
 
568 
 
 Index, 
 
 Burgoyne's baggage, Gen. Phillips order 
 on, 314. 
 biographers' looseness, x. 
 Brig. Gens., Ixxxvii. 
 Canadians, Ivii, Ix. 
 engineers, Ixxvi, 
 errors, Ixxx. 
 escort, 97. 
 
 expedition's embarkation, 306. 
 German troops, Ixxvii. 
 Indians, Iviii, Ix, Ixxx, 15. 
 instructions to Col. Baum, ill. 
 naval officers, Ixxvi. 
 officers' personnel, xlvi. 
 Orderly Book criticised, zxxvii. 
 orders, 30, 237, 238, 241, 343, 
 
 24Si »S8, 3»'. 3*6, ^^^, 3*8. 
 
 330, 338. 
 popularity with his officers, Ixxxiv. 
 provincials, Ivii, Ix, Ixxix, Ixxxr, 
 
 7'- 
 proclamation, 59, 114. 
 
 troops, 44. 
 
 uniforms, Ixxii. 
 
 Burke, Edmund, 410, 412, 413, 420. 
 
 CABRIOLING, 41. 
 Cadariqui or Catariqui, 471. 
 Calashes, 188, 235. 
 
 returns of, cal jd for, 193. 
 fine for taking without leave, 187. 
 Calendar for 1776. 
 1777. 
 Cambridge, Mass., 349, 399. 
 
 orders issued at, 327, 328, 
 
 330. 337, 338. 341. 
 
 N. H., 122. 
 Camp cleanliness enjoined, 75. 
 
 colours, 143. 
 
 colour men, 143, 147, 302, 303. 
 
 equipage to be sent for, 191. 
 Campbell, Capt. Alexander, xlvii. 
 
 Maj. John, 530, 535. 
 Canada, dept. of agriculture of, xiii. 
 
 headquarters, 35. 
 Canadian climate, 39, 40. 
 
 deserters, 46. 
 
 political parties, 534. 
 
 staff under Sir G. Carlcton, 175. ' 
 
 troops, 44, 65, 476. 
 
 under Burgoyne, Ivii. 
 
 Canadians, 98, 134, 136, 153, 159. 
 
 to work on roads, etc., 189. 
 Cannon, Richard, 400. 
 Cantonments for British troops, 190. 
 Cape Diamond, 170, 
 Capt. -Lieut , grade discontinued, Ixxiii, 
 
 Ixxv. 
 Carbines for Serjeants and corporals, 210. 
 Carleton, Christopher, 20. 
 
 Island, 261, 322, 541. 
 
 Lady Anne, 21. 
 
 Maria, 21, 35, 438. 
 
 Sir Guy, Ixviii, xcii, 4, 17, 19, 30, 
 
 3', 34. 35. 46, 481 51. S7i 69, 
 '39i '67, 175, 176, i86, 242, 
 ^76, 345, 377, 385. 4iOi 419, 
 44S, 45', 465. 524. 
 
 orders by, 7, 168, 175, 176, 
 259, 279. 
 Thomas, j^, 185, 186, 187, 189, 
 264, 265, 291, 386. 
 Carriages for baggage, return of, 187. 
 
 and horses, order as to, 197. 
 Carrying Place of Lake George, see 
 
 Portage. 
 Carter, Capt. John, 79, 91, 155, 179, 
 
 ^47, 3>o, 3'9, 3^0. 
 
 art'y brigade of, 250, 
 
 =^52- 153, 3'7- 
 company of, 199,251. 
 John, 401. 
 Cartridges for exercise, 205. 
 Carts, cha'ge of, 228. 
 
 fine for taking without paying for, 
 
 193. 
 order as to, 149, 151, 311, 313, 
 
 314- 
 
 misuse uf, 148. 
 return of called for, 258. 
 Castleton, 93. 
 Caulfield, Miss Susan, 426. 
 Cedars, 9, 99, 223, 472. 
 
 prisoners taken at, 406, 415. 
 Centre column, 149, 152. 
 Chambers, Lt. Wm., 542, 543. 
 Chambly, 2, 5, 15, 50, 185, 187, 190, 
 197, 205, 208, 211, 213, 225, 
 230, 240, 254, 261, 263, 267, 
 268, 279, 287, 289, 292, 293, 
 
 539- 
 artificers for, 203. 
 
Index, 
 
 5(^9 
 
 Chambly, artillery and store! sent to, 199, 
 aoo, 201. 
 
 guns to be sent to, 224. 
 
 batteries to be constructed, 131. 
 
 sick to be sent to. 
 Chaplains' names to be reported, 161. 
 Charettes for the baggage, 188. 
 Charles River, 1 1. 
 Charleston, S. C, Ixix. 
 Chasseurs, 85, 92, 118, 152. 
 
 Wirtemburg, 46. 
 
 tee Hanau. 
 
 Hessian. 
 Chatham Barracks, 65. 
 
 2d Earl of, 215. 
 Chesterfield, 4th Earl of, 1, 367. 
 Children to be taken to Montreal, 
 
 »8o. 
 Chimney Point, 306, 466, 552. 
 
 force at, 82. 
 Civil Branch, discipline of, 232. 
 Cleanliness to be enforced, 255, 256. 
 Clerges, George, 215, 266. 
 Clerke, Sir Francis Carr, xlvii, xlix, 62, 
 
 US- 
 Clinton, Sir Henry, 271, 355, 374, 
 
 378. 39S. 436- 
 Clothing for British army, 38, 193. 
 convention troops, 328. 
 Cochnawau^'as, 51. 
 Cogan, letter to Gen. Stark, from, 435, 
 
 488. 
 Colden, Lieut. -Gov., 522. 
 Collier, Litut. Wm., 173, 319, 320. 
 Commission on Am. Loyalists' claims, 
 
 20, 64. 
 Comm'y Gen'l., 196. 
 
 of Artillery's duties, 212, 213. 
 material to go on the lake, 254, 
 Conductors, 158. 
 of horses, 317. 
 
 stores for Art'y Brigade, 179. 
 how attached, 253. 
 Connecticut River, ill, 509. 
 Continental battalions, 86. 
 Convalescents, order relating to, 285. 
 Coolness urged upon the troops, 180. 
 Cook, Orderly Book of Col. Thaddeus, 
 
 28. 
 Convention troops, account! of supplies 
 for, 350. 
 
 7a 
 
 Convention troops, British ministry'i 
 treatment of, 355, IJ356. 
 
 clothing for, 328.i^i^.^.j 
 
 desertion of, 329, 331. 
 
 discipline of, 317, 328, 329, 
 338. 
 
 liniiti of parole of, 337. 
 
 parades of, 340. 
 
 passes for. 331. 
 
 Phillips commands, 348. 
 
 prisoners of war mixed with, 
 
 337- 
 
 transports for, 330. 
 
 vegetables for, 332. 
 Coraces, 275. 
 Corbin, Mr., in charge of the batteaux, 
 
 *74- 
 Cork, Ireland, Ixvii, Ixix. 
 Corn, crops of inhabitants to be accomO' 
 dated in barn*, 255. 
 powder, 158. 
 Cornwallis, Earl, Ixix, xcvi, 52, 171. 
 
 exchange of, 420, 422. 
 Corvees, 223, 275, 276. 
 Countersigns : 
 
 Albany, 229. Detroit, 295. 
 
 Aleppo, 305. Dublin, 223, 249. 
 
 America, 260. England, 230. 
 
 Austria, 305. Esopus, 280. 
 
 Beck, 192. Flanders, 255. 
 
 Bedford, 241. Florence, 234, 262. 
 
 Belleul, 272. Florida, 288. 
 
 Bie, 183. Friezland, 304, 
 
 Boston, 282. Georgia, 288. 
 
 Bouchcrville, 216. Germany, 256. 
 Bristol, 193, 248, Gibraltar, 258. 
 
 281. Hanover, 223, 242, 
 
 Britain, 184. 303. 
 
 Bruges, 194 Hesse, 305. 
 
 Brunswick, 296. Holland, 255 
 
 Brussels, 239. Hume, 239. 
 
 Canada, 183, 223. Ireland, 262. 
 Canterbury, 236. Isle aux Noix, 198, 
 Carlisle, 250. 265. 
 
 Carolina, 288. Julien, 304. 
 
 Cedars, 295. La Chine, 275. 
 
 Chamblee, 210. La Galette, 295. 
 
 Chester, 239. La Prairie, 201. 
 
 Crown Point, 195, Lapland, 304. 
 
 277. Lebanon, 283. 
 
 Denmark, 254. Liverpool, 254. 
 
570 
 
 Index, 
 
 London, 243. Poland, Z58. 
 
 Longueil, ao8. Portugal, 263. 
 
 Lorraine, 304. Prague, 304. 
 
 Louiiiana, 19a. Prussia, 304. 
 
 Ludlow, 141. Quebec, 209, 281. 
 
 Lyons, 306. Rome, 263. 
 
 Magdeburg, 295. Russia, 304. 
 
 Maryland, 229. Scotland, 262. 
 
 Michilimac!ne,295. Sorcl, 191, I99» 
 Milan, 238, 266. 
 
 Montreal, 188,208, Spain, 263. 
 266. Stade, 302. 
 
 Moselle, 304. Sweden, 262, 304. 
 
 Munster, 303. Three Rivers, 201, 
 
 Naples, 238, 265. 285. 
 
 Newport, 194. Ticonderoga, 278. 
 
 New York, 224, Turkey, 259. 
 
 228,280. Verenne, 182,212. 
 
 Ostend, 190. Venice, 237. 
 
 Oswegatchie, 295. Vercherre, 213. 
 Oswego, 295. Virginia, 228, 286, 
 
 Oxford, 245. Warwick, 241. 
 
 Paris, 243, 313. Westminster, 246. 
 
 Philadelphia, 225, Windsor, 282, 295. 
 180. Worcester, 233. 
 
 > Pointc aux Trem- York, 233. 
 bles, 211, 222. 
 Countersigns, when use of relaxed, 256. 
 
 required, 257. 
 Court martial to try deserters, 260. 
 judge advocate of, 262. 
 proceedings of, 265. 
 of inquiry, 289. 
 Couteau du Lac, 47. 
 Cox, Lt. Wm., 223, 319. 
 Craig, Capt. James H., xlvii, Iv, 88, 
 
 45». 557. 56'- 
 Cranes, The, 143. 
 Crown Point, 24, 29, 30, 34, 65, 79» 
 
 82, 93, 305, 306, 431. 43*. 
 
 509- . . - 
 
 description of, 33. 
 
 orders issued at, 305, 306. 
 
 Cruelty to loyalists, 128. 
 
 Cummerland Head, 55, 65, 449. 
 
 Richard, 299 
 
 Cumberland, see Cumberland. 
 
 Curry, Lt. Samuel, 208. 
 
 ACRES, James Richard, 31, 169 
 
 177. 170. »97- 
 
 D 
 
 Davids, Daniel, 294, 319. 
 Dead shells, 158. 
 Deer, 106. 
 
 island, 322. 
 Delaware river, 330. 
 Demerara, surrender of, 64. 
 
 Depeyster,— 134- 
 
 Gen. J. Watts, xiii, 204. 
 Depot of provisions, 144. 
 Dep. Comm'y Gen'l, 196. 
 Derby, nth Earl of, 391. 
 
 1 2th Earl of, 427. 
 
 family, 392, 394. 
 
 races, 427. 
 Deserters caught, 245. 
 
 to be court martialed, 160. 
 Details by roster, 173. 
 Detroit, 541. 
 
 force at, 50. 
 Devonshire, transport, 201. 
 Diamond Island, 125, 144, 214, 3x1, 
 
 3»5- 
 Discipline of convention troops, 327, 
 
 318, 329, 330, 338. 
 Dorchester, Lord, see Carleton, Sir Guy. 
 Douglas, Sir Charles, 26, 296, 537. 
 Dovegot, 151. 
 Doyle, Lt. Wm., xlviii. 
 Dragoon regt. of Brunswickers, III. 
 Drill, boat, 224, 249, 258. 
 style of ordered, 197. 
 with guns, 221. 
 Drum calls, 8x. 
 Duer, Wm., 118. 
 
 Duer's house, in, "7. "9. »43. 3*3' 
 Dunbar James, 206, 208, 251, 310. 
 Dundas, Col. Thomas, ao, 64. 
 
 Gen,, 18, 371. 
 Dung, Canadian waste of, H. 
 Dunmore, Earl of, 381. 
 Duport, Lt., Robert, 261. 
 Dupret, see Dupree 
 , Dupree, St. George, 276. 
 
 Durnford, Lt. Andrew, Ixxvi, 133. , 
 Duvernet, Lt. Abram, 225. 
 Dysart, Lt. Richard, 251, 186, 319, 
 320. 
 
 ELBE, German troops sail from, 37. 
 Emmet, Dr. T. A., xiii, 338, 
 
 345.353- 
 
Index. 
 
 S7^ 
 
 England, Lt. Poole, 141. 
 Capt. Richard, xlviii. 
 Engineer corps, 277. 
 En potence explained, 160. 
 Entrenching tools, 180, 181. 
 
 for art'y Brigades, 179. 
 how distributed, 254. 
 t Ethrington, see Hetherington. 
 
 Excursions by officers to be be restrained, 
 
 Exmouth, Lord, Ixxvi, 31, 385. 
 
 FARQUAHAR, Capt.-Lt. Wm., 
 291. 
 Farren, Miss, the actress, 427. 
 Fascines to be made, 237, 274. 
 Feet, order relating to, 185. 
 Ferris, Squire, 47. 
 Feu de joie, 93, 102. 
 Firemaster's duties, 209. 
 Firing, orders for quick, 219, 210. 
 First Brigade, British, 68, 109, 176, 218, 
 238, 248, 249, 257, 259, 282, 
 489, 292, 303, 464, 469. 
 
 brigade major, 177. 
 
 German, Ixxix, 45, 68. 
 Fish, 54. 
 
 Fishkill, the, 63, 114. 
 Fitch, Dr. on Philip Skene, 507, 516. 
 Five mile island, Ixxxiv. 
 Flags of Burgoyne's army, 397. 
 Flat Rock, 58. 
 Fleche, 75. 
 
 Fletcher, Ebenezer, 496, 500. 
 Flour casks to be returned empty, 234. 
 Foot Guards' double rank, xcii. 
 Forage money, 216, 326. 
 
 for staff, 218. 
 Foragers, order relating to, 1 5 1. 
 Foraging, order against, 160. 
 Forbes, Maj. Gordon, xlvii, 162,163,164. 
 Forestalling to be prevented, 195. 
 Forster, Maj. George, 9, 99, 4»6. 
 Fort Ann, Ixxxii, Ixxxiii, 21, 89, 90, 
 
 9*. 94, 9S» 96. 97. 98, 110, 
 140, 226, 
 
 order issued at, 97. 
 Fort Edv.'ird, Ixxx, Ixxxiii, Ixxxir, 88, 
 89, 98, 103, 107, 108, 109, 
 438, 140, 142. 
 
 order issued at, 310. 
 
 Fort George, ilii, Ixxxii, Ixxxiii, 105, 
 107, 108, no, 117, 138,140, 
 
 •44, JiS'. 
 
 order issued at, 310. 
 Fort Henry, 107. 
 Fort Miller, Ix, no, 117, 140. 
 Fort Stanwix (Schuyler), 46, 47, 202. 
 Fort William Henry, Iviii, 107, 519. 
 Fortifying recommended, 70. 
 Four Brothers Island, 55. 
 Fourteen Mile Island, 104. 
 Fox, Charles Jaires, 397, 404, 426. 
 Fox's Mill's, 203 
 Foy, Capt. Edward, 10, 20, 276. 
 
 Dcp. Adj.-Gen., 168, 
 widow of, 20. 
 Francis, Ebenezer, 85, 485, 494, 495. 
 regt. of, 494, 495, 496, 
 502, 503. 
 Franklin, Benj., 410, 422, 528. 
 to Burke, 412, 415. 
 R. R. Livingston, 421. 
 Eraser, Capt. Alexander, liv, 66, 78, 
 140, 262, 265, 266, 292, 473. 
 corps of, 115, 152. 
 rangers of, Ixxx, 1 1 1, 474. 
 Brig. Gen. Simon, li, Ixvii, Ixxxviii, 
 «■'. 45. 53. 55. 65. 79. »». 83, 
 85. 9>. 93. 95. "7. «i8, 144, 
 152, 154, 163, 166, 175, 177, 
 224, 236, 246, 269, 179, 334, 
 
 400.454. 473.490- 
 
 Lt. Grn. Simon, 290, 334, 454. 
 
 Eraser's Brigade, Ixxii, 81, 82, 83, 176, 
 
 249. 289, 334. 
 
 corps, 78. 95, 97, 98, no, 147, 
 
 152, 161, 164, 203, 247, 251, 
 
 475- 
 
 art'y with, 250. 
 
 cantoment of, 190. 
 
 composition of, 159. 
 
 guns attached to, 154. 
 Freeman, Quin John, xlviii, 176. 
 Freeman's Farm, battle of, xlii, 27, 103, 
 
 «6». 347- 
 house, 163. 
 French, Lt. Arthur, 214. 
 
 Maj. Christopher, 40, 41, 114. 
 Jeremiah, 202, 545. 
 Frostbitten men, 37. 
 Fuzileer corps subalterns, Ixsiii. 
 
572 
 
 Index. 
 
 GAGE'S HILL, 107. 
 Galineri Farm, 57. 
 Gall, Brig.-Gen., l»i, Uxix, 36, 45, 68, 
 
 1 59. a64- 
 Gardner, Capt. Henry F., 142. 
 Garrison, courtmartial detail, 284. 
 Gates, Gen., liv, Ixxxi, Ixxxiv, 27, 62, 
 103, 125,145,397,445.488.557- 
 duel with Wilkinson, 401. 
 opinion oF Burgoyne's delay, 
 Ixxxiii. 
 papers, xiii. 
 General Hospital, 141. 
 
 order as to, 192. 
 orders defined, xxxix, 167. 
 Germaine, Lord George, Ixix, Ixxxvii, 
 49. 355. 375. 377. 405. 4>6, 
 434. 
 Germans, 36, 97, 98, no, 132, 138, 
 142, 143, 
 with Burgoyne, Ivi, lix. 
 see Hessians and Brunswickers. 
 German brigade, ist, 45. 
 division, ist, 45, iii. 
 2d, 45, 
 3d, 36. 
 flags secretly saved, 294. 
 grenadiers, 118, 152. 
 gunners, pay of, 174. 
 jealousy of the British, Ixxxv. 
 light brigade, Ixxix, 66. 
 regts., 49. 
 
 strength, Ixxvii. 
 troops hired by George III, 37. 
 in Canada, station of, 38. 
 Gibraltar, Ivi. 
 Gilliland, Wm., 57, 509. 
 Gilliland's farm, 57. 
 Glover, Gen., Ixxxix, 403. 
 Goll, Gen., see Gall. 
 Gondolas, 22, 23. 
 
 Gordon, Maj. Harry, 172, 174, 201, 
 248, 274, 277, 278. 
 Gen. Patrick, Ixxxviii, 4, 5, 7, 9, 
 51, loi, 175. 176, 264. 
 
 order issued at shooting 
 of, 236. 
 Gordon's Brigade, 208, 464. 
 
 cantonment, 190. 
 Graham, Gen., 359, 360. 
 
 Grande Isle, 322. 
 
 Graves, capture and escape of John, 41. 
 Green, Capt. Charles, xlviii, li. 
 Greenieaf, Capt. Moses, 494, 496, 499, 
 500, 503. 
 
 military papers of, xiii. 
 Gregg, Lt.-Col. Wm., 121, 123. 
 Grenadiers, Iii, Ixx, Ixxi, Ixxxiii, 92, 
 152. ■59. i^^. '78, 189, 212. 
 cantonment of 190. 
 Grey, Major, 69, 7°. 7i. 
 Grog allowed to fatigue parties, 275. 
 Guards, orders relating to, 184. 185, 
 189, 218, 221, 222, 273, 283. 
 ste pickets. 
 
 foot guards. 
 Gun boats, i6, 22, 24, 25, 31, 33, 53, 
 54. 63, 79. 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 
 100, 102, 106, 140. 
 
 armament and ammunition 
 
 for, 23. 
 description of, 56. 
 complement of men for each, 320. 
 practice, 232. 
 
 HADDEN, Lt. James M., xxxr, 
 xli, xlviii, I, 3, 51, 102, 108, 
 109, no, 213, 225. 
 
 detachment of, 155. 
 
 fires first gun at Freeman's 
 
 Farm, 163. 
 position at Freeman's Farm, 
 
 164. 
 narrow escape, 165. 
 Robert, 51, 65. 
 Hadden's Journal, how obtained, xxxr. 
 Halberts superseded by carbines, 210. 
 
 description of, 210. 
 Haldiroand, Sir F., Ivii, 21, 43, 73, 112, 
 170, 203, 229, 284, 322, 436, 
 482, 532, 542, 553. 
 papers, xiii, xcix. 
 Hale, Col. Nathan, 483. 
 Half Moon, 560. 
 
 battery, 293, 324. 
 Hamilton Gustavus, 214. 
 
 Lieut.-Col. or Gen., xlvii, Iii, 45, 
 68, 147. 159, 165, 176. 260, 
 271, 272,273, 274, 279,282, 
 283, 289, 292, 468. 
 
Index* 
 
 S7Z 
 
 Hamiltun GutUvui, brigade of, 51,68, 
 
 84. 
 Nanau Artillery, li»iii, l«xi«, 36, 44, 79, 
 187, 388. 
 chuieun, 49. 
 regt., lx»ii, 36, 44, «8, 152, 159, 
 
 264. 
 troops, 49, 183, 302, 303. 
 itrength of, Ixxviii. 
 Hanoverians, 226. 
 Harnagr, Maj. Henry, 269, 278,458. 
 
 Mr*. Henry, Izxii. 
 Harrington, Lieut. Henry, 205, 303, 
 earl of, xlvi, xlvii, zlix, xcvii, 4, 
 
 337, 367, 489- 
 Harris, Capi. John A., xlviii, 88. 
 Hartford, 40, 42, 214, 511, 512, 
 Harvey, Adj.-Gen., Ixxxix. 
 Hawkes, Capt. Erie, 270. 
 Hayes, Dr., 146. 
 Hazelshouse, 233. 
 Heath, Gen. Wm., 270, 293, 340, 352, 
 
 353- 
 
 letter to Gen. Burgoyne, 
 
 from, 286. 
 Gen. Philips, from, 348, 
 from Gen. Phillips, to 349, 
 
 35'- 
 papers, xiii. 
 
 Health, order relating to, 243, 255, 256, 
 
 286. 
 Heavy Artillery, 251. 
 Henrick, Col., see Herrick. 
 Herrick, Col. Samuel, 124, 509. 
 Hesse Hanau, see Hanau. 
 Hessians, see Hanau. 
 Hetherington, Lieut., 96. 
 Hill, John, 89, 92, 226, 274, 313, 400, 
 
 401, 402. 
 Hobart, Col. David, 176, 128. 
 Holden, Dr. A. W., xiil, 67, 68. 
 Horses and carriages, order as to, 
 
 »97. 
 afs't com'y of, 207. 
 conductor of, 317. 
 for artillery, 188. 
 orders as to, 148, 149, 313. 
 public sale of, 1 39. 
 regulations about the king's, 137. 
 wanted for army, 281. 
 
 Hosmer, Capt. Thomas, 156, 208, 288, 
 306, 320. 
 
 Brigade of, 156. 
 division orders by, 307. 
 Hospital, 150. 
 
 officers to leport for orders, 182 
 order a to general, 192 
 Houghton, Lieut. Wm., 209, 219, 
 
 319. 
 Howarth, Lieut. Edward, xlviii, Ivi, 
 
 Ixxiv, 157. 
 Howe, Sir William, Ixviii, Ixxxvi, 
 Uxxviii, xc, xcii, 8, 10, 51, 330, 
 
 373- 
 
 army of, 44, 69. 
 Richard, Adm. Lord, 18, 373,375. 
 Hubbjrd, Col., see Hobart. 
 Hubbardton, 84, 85, 95, 125, 130, 322, 
 463. 
 casualties at, 88. 
 battle of, considered, 483. 
 Huberton, see Hubardton. 
 Hudson River, 94, 109, 138, 140, 144, 
 
 147. 3ai- 
 
 bridged, 137. 
 crossed, 144. 
 Huguet-Latour, Maj. L. A., xiii. 
 Huntley, Richard, Surgeon-Gtn'l to 
 
 Montreal garrison, 230. 
 Husill's house, 282. 
 
 ICE on St. Lawrence, 39. 
 break up of, 40. 
 review of troops on, 38. 
 Indian arms, 15. 
 manners, 20. 
 razor, 13. 
 Indians, 98, III, 134, 135, 136, 153, 
 159. 
 and rum, 192,278, 281. 
 Burgoyne's opinion of, 15. 
 
 treatment of, Ixxxv. 
 conduct at Bennington, 531. 
 congress of, 12, 309. 
 description of, 12. 
 drunk, 83. 
 
 leader of Burgoyne's, 135. 
 to remain in their village, 189. 
 under Burgoyne, Iviii, Ix. 
 Capt. Eraser, 474,475. 
 
574- 
 
 Index, 
 
 Inhabitants complain of ill treatment, 
 231. 
 at Crown Point not to be molested, 
 
 SOS- 
 Intrenching tools, 80. 
 
 Invalid Batt. Artillery, 156, ao6. 
 Invalids, corps of, 62. 
 Irving, Maj. Paulus ^., xlvii. 
 Isle aux Chevrents, 322. 
 Isle au Mot, 17, 55. 
 
 a la Motte, orders issued at, 304. 
 Isle aux Noix, 34, 35, 53, 54, l'=n 169, 
 244, 247, 267, 289, 302, 433. 
 description of, 16. 
 orders issued at, 295, 296, 
 302, 303. 
 
 JAGERS, 44, 85, 152. 
 Jefferson, Thomas, 353, 359. 
 letters to Gen. Phillips from, 
 
 354. 
 Mrs., 354. 
 Jessup brothers, Ivii. 
 
 Lt.-Col. Ebenezer, Ixxix, 67. 
 
 Maj. Edward, 67, 112,482. 
 Jessup's corps, 67, 74, 480. 
 
 falls, 67. 
 
 ferry, 67. 
 
 landing, 68. 
 
 little falls, 67, 68. 
 Jesus, isle of, 47. 
 Johns, conductor, to be with laboratory, 
 
 ii9- 
 Johnson, Col. Guy, 548. 
 hall, 134. 
 Sir John, 20 1. 
 
 reg't of, 69, 70, 73, 202, 
 322. 
 Wm., 201, 202, 439, 526, 
 528. 
 Jones, Capt. Thomas, xliii, Ixxiv, 50, 
 98,99,109,110,164,165,174. 
 Judge Thomas, 378. 
 Gen. Valentine, 48. 
 Jones' brigade, no, 152, 154, 159, 
 164, 469. 
 company, xlii, no, 155. 
 farm, 97, 98. 
 Junk delivered to regulars, 286. 
 
 ENNEDY, Dr. Hugh, 229, 263. 
 Keymis, Lt. John, xlviii. 
 
 K 
 
 King's birth day, 47, 345. 
 or Royal Boat, 170. 
 color, 52. 
 Kingston, Maj. Robert, xxxviii, xlviii, 
 Ixxviii, 51, 62, 139, 145, 146, 
 163, 460. 
 Knox, Dr. Robert, 118. 
 
 secretary, 527. 
 Kosciusico, Gen., 401. 
 
 LABORATORY, 219. 
 instruction in, 2x2. 
 Lachine, 201. 
 La Colle River, 16, 55, 289, 303. 
 
 order issued at, 304. 
 La Come, see St. Luc. 
 Lake ChampUin, 6, 15, 16, 17, 30, 33^ 
 96, 107, 509, 542. 
 
 Brassier's survey of, 25, 26. 
 description of, 55. 
 naval action on, 22. 
 size of, 51. 
 Lake George, 40, 90, 94, 96, 100, 102, 
 104, 140, 321, 322, 469, 519. 
 description of, 
 Portage at, 96, 102. 
 Lake Ontario, 46, 170, 322, 509, 542. 
 Lake St. Pierre, I. 
 
 Lake St. Peter's, order issued at, 178. 
 Lamb, Sergt. Roger, xciii, 90, 226, 261, 
 
 364. 
 bunaudiere Charles L. T. de, Ivii, 135, 
 
 530. S3S- 
 ^:idrief, Mr., Batteaux inspector at 
 
 Montreal, 193. 
 Langlade, Charles de, Iviii, 529. 
 La Prairie, 5, 51, 186, 187, 188, 189. 
 
 order issued at, 190. 
 Laurens, Henry, 407, 408, 410, 412, 
 413. 
 
 exchange of, 421. 
 Law, Capt. George, i 37, 222, 248, 294. 
 Leake's party, 73. 
 Learned, Gen. Eben'r, 515. 
 Le Corn, Luke, see St. Luc. 
 Lee, gondola, 29. . 
 
 Left Brigade Art'y, 156. 
 
 Column, 149, 152. 
 
 Wing, Ixxix, 98, 143, 144, I47f 
 
 composition of, 159. 
 
 guns attached to, 154, X50. 
 
Index, 
 
 Le Moine, J. M., xiii, 136, 467. 
 Lenodier, M., see Lanaudiere. 
 Lieut. Fireworker grade abolished, Ixxv. 
 Light Brigade, li, Hi, ixxix, 53, 94. 
 
 Infantry, Ixx, Ixxi, Ixxiii, 146, 152, 
 
 »59. »63i '78, ZI2. 
 cantonment, 190. 
 Ligonier Bay, orders at, 69. 
 Lincoln, Gen. Benj., 354, 488. 
 Lindsay, Alexander, see Balcarres, Earl of. 
 Line of Battle, British formation of, 146. 
 Littiejohn, Capt , a master attend't and 
 
 naral storekeeper, 227, 546. 
 Livingston, Col., 19 20, 61. 
 
 R. R., 421. 
 Lloyd, Mr., duel of with Maj, Acland, 
 
 Iv, 
 Long, Col., 90. 
 Longeuil, 47, 51, 186, 187, 234. 
 
 orders issued at, 187, 188. 
 Long Island, battle of, 375. 
 
 prisoners on, 408. 
 Riedesel commands at, 38. 
 Lord, Lt. Simeon, 323. 
 Loring, Joshua, 379. 
 
 Mrs., hi wifcf, 379. 
 Lorrette, Toussaint, 244. 
 Loyal convert, 5 3. 
 Rangers, 74. 
 Loyalist Corps, 71, 72, 73. 
 Loyalists, commission on losses of, 64. 
 cruelty to, 128. 
 
 McALPIN, Capt. Daniel, 73, 285. 
 McAlpin's Loyalist Corps, 73. 
 McDonell, Maj. John, 290. 
 McDougal, Capt., 138. 
 McFarlane, Wm., 215. 
 McFailan, Capt. McKay's servant, 40, 
 
 41. 
 McKay, Capt. Samuel, Ixxx, 39, 65, 
 
 . 473- 
 Mackintosh, Sir James, 454. 
 Maclean, Gen. Allan, 46, 203, 234, 
 260, 284, 38 s, 4.J6, 466, 467, 
 S47. 
 
 Regt. of, 239, 245. 
 Sir Allan, 554. 
 commissary, 245. 
 Manchester, 112, 116, 122, 495, 503. 
 Marching orders, 312. 
 
 575 
 
 Market regulations, 194. 
 Marksmen, 152, 159. ' 
 
 British, 64, 65. 
 
 Fraser's, 140. 
 Marr, Capt., 170. 
 Martello towers, 227. 
 Massachusetts, nth Regt., 86,492, 494, 
 
 Historical Society, xiii, 87. 
 Maxwc I, Capt. Wm., xlvii. 
 Merids, Col. Edward F., 211, 294. 
 Mersereau, Joshua, D. C. of prisoners, 
 
 . ..5'5- 
 Michilimackinac, 553. 
 
 force at, 50. 
 Miller Island, 47. 
 Minden, battle of, 1. 
 Mischianza, 378. 
 
 Mitchelson, Walter, 79, 178, 211, 288, 
 306. 
 
 art'y brigade of, 156, 250, 
 
 *5»« »53- 
 Mohawk river, 46, 47, 509. 
 
 Money, Capt. John, xlvii, xlix, 90, 
 
 225. 
 Monimia, transport, 183. 
 Monin, Capt., Ixxx, 65, 153, 473. 
 company of, 65, 102. 
 Montgomery, Lt.-Col. Archibald, 554. 
 Gen. Richard, 40, 276, 431, 440! 
 
 5»3, S24, 535- 
 Montgomery s assault, 50. 
 
 battery, 266, 26«. 
 Monthly returns called for, 192. 
 
 how to be made, zio. 
 Montmorency, Falls of, n, 
 Montreal, 4, 5, 35, 37, 38, 39, 44^ 45^ 
 51, 183, 191, »oi, 202, 228, 
 230, 240, 276, 280, 284, 286, 
 288, 322,466, 524, 551. 
 baggage to be sent, 279. 
 description of, 1 2. 
 
 how inhabitants of, to be employed, 
 223. 
 
 island of, 47. 
 
 orders issued at, 191, 192, 193. 
 Morgan, Col. Daniel, 163, 457, 
 Mott, Samuel, 535. 
 Mount Defiance, 169, 499. 
 Mount Hope, 83. 
 Mount Independence, 82, 84 93, 107, 
 
 "71*93. 3"f 3*4,499- 
 
Sl^ 
 
 Index, 
 
 Mount Independence, evacuation of, 85. 
 Moylan, Stephen, 524. 
 Murray, Comm'y, 10. 
 
 Gen. James, 430, 431, 520, 522. 
 s Lt. James, 10. 
 Munsell, Messrs., xiv. 
 
 NAIRNE, Maj. John, 284. 
 Navy on Lake Champlain, 15. 
 Nesbit, Gen. Wm., Ixxxviii, 175, 282, 
 464,469,556. 
 
 to pursue Americans, 182. 
 Nesbit's Brigade, 177, 190, 259, 474. 
 New Brunswick, 20. 
 Netherlands, proposed treaty with, 407. 
 New Hampshire's isth Regt. of mili- 
 tia, 127. 
 resolutions on Stark's victory, 130, 
 
 131- 
 Newport, R. I., 403. 
 New York, liv, xcv, 330, 354, 381, 
 420, 440, 441. 
 
 act of attainder, 516. 
 Historical ."»"'-iety, xiii. 
 northern invas"nn of in 
 
 1780, 20, 21, 74. 
 Royal regt. of, 69. 
 Niagara, 46, 261, 342, 467, 547. 
 
 force at, 50. 
 Nichols, Col. Moses, 123, 126. 
 Norman, Lt. Richard, 246. 
 North, resignation of Lord, 419- 
 River, see Hudson river, 
 shore, troops to disembark at, 
 183. 
 Nutt. Lt. George Anson, Ix, Ixx, 44, 
 67. 
 
 OAKUM, made by reg'ts, 486. 
 O'Callaghan, Dr., Ix. 
 O'Connell, Capt. Laurentius, 294, 398, 
 
 399- 
 OfFal to be buried, 222. 
 O'Meara, Lt. Daniel, xlviii. 
 Order of March, 149. 
 Orderly book defined, xl. 
 
 non commssioned officers defined, 
 
 xxxix. 
 men, 141. 
 
 officers for brigade, Hd. Qrs. Cham- 
 bly. 195. 
 
 Orderly Book to be sent morft regularly, t 
 
 199. 
 Orders defined, 167. 
 
 imperfectly distributed, 316. 
 Ordance stores, inquiry for, 207. 
 Oriskany, 47. 
 Oswegatchie, 99, 553. 
 
 force at, 50, 
 Oswego, 46. 
 
 Otter Creek, 63, 65, 78, 112. 
 Out posts, order relating to, 241. 
 Oxen for the troops, 191 . -^ 
 
 PALMER'S Hist, of Lake Cham- 
 plain, supposed error of, 25. 
 Parade, evening, 221. 
 Parades of reg'ts., ordered, 198. 
 
 who to attend, 232. 
 Park of artillery, 79, 14°. H3. »S*. 
 
 15s. 237. *S*, 3»o- 
 entrenching tools with, 254. 
 
 composition of, 155. 
 
 lack of orders in, 316 
 Paroles : 
 
 Alexander, 305. Rodolph, 304. 
 
 Augustus, 305. St. Agatha, 288. 
 
 Bernard, 239. St. Agnes, 263. 
 
 Bristol, 223. St. Andrew, 258. 
 
 Carleton, 183. St. Andrews, 193. 
 
 Charles, 296. St. Ann, 282. 
 
 Clinton, 218. St. Anne, 21 1,233. 
 Cornwallis, 229. St. Anthony, 21G, 
 
 Ferdinand, 295. 239, 272. 
 
 Franci;, 304. St. Athanasius,28o. 
 
 Grorge, 223. St. Aubins, 258. 
 
 Henry, 303. St. Augustine, 201. 
 
 Howe, 228. St. Barnabas, 255. 
 
 Hughes, 305. St. Beatrix, 295. 
 
 Ignatius, 304. St. Benedict, 266. 
 
 Lazarus, 304. St. Bridget, 288. 
 
 Leopold, 306. St. Catharine, 262. 
 
 Lewis, 304. St. Ceceii i, 222, 
 
 Liverpool, 225. 238, 286. 
 
 London, 224. St. Charles, 2^9, 
 
 Matthew, 195. 295. 
 
 Mioses, 304. St. Charlotte, 295. 
 
 Percy, 229. St. Christian, 283. 
 
 Peter, 304. St. Christopher!, 
 
 Phillip, 303. 245. 
 
 Pius, 304 St. Chrysostem, 
 
 Quebec, 184. 275. 
 
Index, 
 
 S77 
 
 St. Columbus, 2o8. St. Mark, 191, 198, 
 
 St. Croix, 254. 237. 
 
 St. David, 256. St. Martin, 255. 
 
 St.Denis, 250, 254. St. Mary, 263. 
 
 St. Eliza, 292. St. Matthew, 188, 
 
 St. Eugenia, 295. 281. 
 
 St. Francis, 212. St. Michael, 233. 
 
 St. George, 230, St. Morris, 209. 
 
 i4'- St. Ours, 249. 
 
 St. Helena, 295. St. Patrick, 223 
 
 St. Hubert, 266 
 St. Jacob, 280. 
 St. James, 246. 
 St. Jerome, 243 
 
 St. Paul, 182, 194, 
 
 208, 262. 
 
 St. Peter, 243. 
 
 St. Philip, 192. 
 
 St. John, 201, 234. St. Philips, 262. 
 
 St. Joseph, 265. St. Quentin, 262. 
 
 St. Jude, 238. St. Ruth, 295. 
 
 St. Judith, 281. St. Sarriuel, 194. 
 
 St. Juis, 280. St. Simon, 183, 
 St. Lawrence, 248. 241. 
 
 St. Louis, 213, 313. St. Sophia, 285. 
 
 St. Luc, 190, 191. St. Stephen, 242 
 
 St. Thomas, 210, 
 
 236, 241, 260. 
 St. Timothy, 277. 
 St. Valentine, 278. 
 Stephen, 304. 
 William, 304. 
 
 St. Lucia, 265 
 
 St. Lucretia, 288. 
 
 St. Luke, 199. 
 
 St. Magdalen, 263 
 
 St. Margaret, 239 
 
 St. Margarite, 295 
 
 St. Maria, 282. 
 
 Patroles, order relating to, 241, 
 
 Patterson, Gen., 494. 
 
 brigade of, 494. 
 Pausch, Capt , Ixxix, 79, no. 
 
 brigade of, 80, no, 154, 155, 
 159. 
 Pellew, Edward, see Lord Exmouth. 
 Peters, Lt.-Col. John, Ivii, Ixxix. 71, 73. 
 Peters' corps, 67, in, n2, 114, 115. 
 
 F-Tty, 73. 
 Petersham, Lord, see Earl of Harrington. 
 Pfister, see Phister. 
 Philadelphia, 514. 
 
 Phillips, Gen. Wm , xlvi, xlviii, 1, Ixii, 
 Ixxiv, Ixxix, Ixxxix, xcii, 3, 35, 
 
 37,44i 50.51. 65, 83. loa. 103. 
 »47, 150. 15*. 157. 165, 166, 
 167, 168, 172, 174, 175, 185, 
 188, 190, 208, 210, 230, 238, 
 272, 278, 279, 280, 289, 290, 
 343. 363- 
 
 73 ' ■' 
 
 Phillipi Gen. Wm., 
 
 orders by, 150, 169, 172, 
 
 173. 174. 178, 183, 
 
 199, 206, 209, 211, 
 
 212, 219, 220, 224, 
 
 228, 229, 230, 231, 
 
 *33. ^39. 240, 247, 
 
 !*49, ^50. 256, 258, 
 
 259, 266, 275, 277, 
 
 282, 285, 286, 288, 
 
 306, 307, 309, 310, 
 
 r.L. r< 314. 3'6, 539 546. 
 
 Phister, Francis, 134. J^^- 3* 
 
 command of, 43 
 Picket boat, 266. 
 
 of fatigue, 239. ^ 
 
 Pickets, duty of, 77. . ^ 
 
 size of, 77, 221. 
 
 orders as to, 184, 185, ,86, 187, 
 189, 241. 
 
 to be under arms before daylight, 140 
 
 see guards. 
 Pitch pine plains, 97. 
 Pitt, Rt. Hon. John, 215. 
 Poinir, Francois, a Canadian prisioner. 
 
 243- 
 Point auFer, 16, 17, 35, 53, 55. 
 orders issued at, 304. 
 Point Levi, n. 
 Point au Sable, 55, 
 
 orders issued at, 304. 
 Pomeroy, Capt. Arthur, 210, 277. 
 Portage at Lake George, 40, 90, 322, 
 
 323. 325- 
 guard, 209, 222. 
 
 Powder magazine at Montreal to be lo- 
 cated, 240. 
 
 Powell, Gen. Henry Watson, xlvii, lii, 
 Ixxxviii, 45, 68, 117, 159, 175, 
 184, 185. 186, 187, 188, 321, 
 
 324, 464, 552. 
 
 Powell's Brigade, 68, 199, 206, 221, 
 *39. 259, 467, 474. 
 cantonment, 190. 
 Power, James, 265, 290. 
 
 Thomas Bolton, 264, 265. 
 Precision in giving orders inculcated 
 180. ' 
 
 Prince Frederick's Reg't, 1x5, 36, 44 
 68, III, 324, 464. 
 
578 
 
 Index, 
 
 Pringle, Hall, xxxv. 
 
 Capt. Thomas, 17, 26, 31, 32, 
 169, 297, 445i 539- 
 Prisoners, order as to, 142. 
 
 provisions for, 231. 
 
 to work on fortificat'ons 244. 
 Prospect Hill, 351, 352. 
 Providence, R. I., 403. 
 Provincial corps, 67, 71, 72, 73, 476. 
 
 troops, 44, 66. 
 Provincials, 97, 98, ill, 112, 141, 153, 
 159. 
 
 under Burgoyne, Ivn. 
 Provision train, order as to, 314. 
 
 trains not to be interfered with, 313. 
 Provisions, a return of called for, 185. 
 
 for army, aid in issuing, 195. 
 
 guard for, I 52, 1 60. 
 
 orders as to, 298, 303. 
 
 regulations for, 196, 
 
 transportation of, 223. 
 Provost Marshall, Lieut. Etherington, 
 
 97- 
 Guard, 97. 
 Putnam, Gen., liv, 439. 
 Putnam's Creek, 78. 
 
 QUARTER guards, 76, 145. 
 how composed and posted, 
 220, 259. 
 honors paid by, 221. 
 master gen'ls duty, 75. 
 master's men, 147. 
 Quebec, Ixvi, Ixvii, Ixviii, Ixix, 1, 11, 12, 
 35. 37. 43. 48.50. >"> '37. 
 143, 174, 179, I9'» *o7, a". 
 213, 238, 243,285,296,420, 
 
 43'. 437. 541- 
 
 Act, 431, 523, 454. 
 
 description of, 10. 
 
 inhabitants' address to Col. Val. 
 Jones, 48. 
 
 orde.s issued at, 7. 
 
 royal artillery at, 50. 
 Queen's color, 52. 
 Quinchen, 9. 
 Quinze Chenes, 99. 
 
 R 
 
 ADEAU, 34.S». 53. 54- 
 
 description of, 16. 
 sailing qualities of, 34. 
 
 Radeau, to be fitted up, 287, 288. 
 number to be carried by, 289. 
 artillery reserve, ammunition on, 
 
 a53- 
 Rainsford, Gen, 227. 
 
 journal of, 49. 
 Raleigli, an American cruiser, 17, 32. 
 Rangers, 44, 65, 
 
 royal. 74. 
 Rank, various kinds of, Ixxxvi. 
 Ration money, start return of, 209. 
 Rations reduced, 326. 
 Rattlesnakes, 105. 
 Rattlesnake Island, 105. 
 Recruits, how distributed, 234, 
 ordered to regiments, 230. 
 Red House, 98. 
 Regimental Color, 52. 
 
 returns, how to be made, 210. 
 required, 208. 
 Reid, Lieut. George, xliii, no, 164, 165, 
 
 294. 
 Reports (or States) weekly, how to be 
 
 made, 263. 
 Reserve of the Park, 317. 
 Return of ammunition, etc., 205. 
 see reports, 
 state. 
 Returns, Brigade, 208. 
 Reynal, Mrs., Ixxxi. 
 Rhet«, Reg't 44, 45. ^8, »S». »S9- 
 Rice to be issued to soldiers, 243. 
 Reidesel, Baroness, Ixxxi, 229, 269, 
 270, 364, 386, 399, 401. 
 Maj.-Gen., Ixi, Ixvii, Ixxix, 37, 44» 
 45.5a. 53.65,85, 9^,95. I3», 
 147. 149. '59. '75. '77. a79» 
 289, 294, 295, 345, 353, 35S» 
 356, 398, 402, 553. 
 Riedesel's Dragoons, Ixxviii, 66, 81, 97, 
 98, III, 132. 134, 153. 159- 
 Reg't, 44, 45. 68, 152, 159, 399- 
 Rifle corps, establishment of, 227. 
 Right Brigade, Art'y, 156. 
 column, 149, 152. 
 division, 310. 
 wing, Ixxix, 97, 98, 109, I43> '44» 
 
 147. 15*. 
 artillery with, 250. 
 composition of, 159. 
 guns attaehed to, 1 54. 
 
Indi 
 
 ex. 
 
 579 
 
 Rimington, Lt. Samuel, xlviii, 310, 319, 
 River, La Colle, see La Colle. 
 River, St. Lawrence, see St. Lawrence. 
 River, Sorel, see Sorel River. 
 Roads, to be worked on, 197. 
 Rockingham, 112. 
 
 administration, 420. 
 Rogers, Robert, 104. 
 
 Rock, 104. 
 Roil, Jacques, a Canadian prisoner, 243. 
 Roll call, evening, 232. 
 
 irregularly at night, 219. 
 calls ordered, 327. 
 Rosier, Louis de, a Canadian prisoner, 
 143. 
 Joseph de, a Canadian prisoner, 243. 
 Roster, to govern details, 173. 
 Rotten, John, 213, 215. 
 Rousseaux, Mr. appointed Q'r Master to 
 
 Hd. Qrs., 198. 
 Rouville's company, Capt., 46. 
 Royal artillery, see Br Regts. 
 Royal (or King's) IJoat, 170. 
 engineers, see Br. Regts. 
 Military Academy, Ixxvi, 156. 
 Savage, 22, 24, 26, 27, 450. 
 Standard, 52. 
 Rum, allowance to be diluted, 281. 
 rations, 302. 
 
 traffic with Indians forbidden, 192, 
 Ruttenber, E. M., xxxviii, xli. 
 
 SABBATH Djy Point, 42, 104. 
 Sa:kville, see Germaine. 
 Sailors, 153. 
 
 St. Charles, 190, an, 233, 244. 
 artillery at, 200. 
 Itchy patients to stay at, 
 212. 
 St. Clair, Gen., 27, 484, 494, 495, 496, 
 
 . 503- 
 St. Coick's mills, 120, 121. 
 St. Denis, 182, 233. 
 St. George, George Dupre, 535. 
 St. John's, 2, 4, 7, 9, 15, 16, 34, 35, 
 
 37. 48, 5°. 5'. 52. S3. 54, i89f 
 190, 191, 197, 218, 222, 224, 
 
 227, 230, 23s, 236, 239, 244, 
 
 247, 248, 249, 260, 268, 273, 
 
 *74, 175. *77, ^79. a8>, 282, 
 187, 288, 289, 292, 345, 541. 
 
 St John's, 
 
 ammunition depot at, 253. 
 
 troops posted at, 267. 
 orders issued at, 266, 277, 
 280, 281, 282, 283, 285, 
 286, 288, 292, 295. 
 surrender of, 3. 
 St. Lawrence, Gulf of, 297. 
 
 River, I, II, 12, 22, 26, 36, 38, 
 
 39, 45, 47, 51, a97. 
 St, Leger, Barry, 45, 47, 49, ^79, j^j^ 
 
 St. Leger's expedition, 43, 202. 
 
 St. Luc, La Corne, Iviii, 135, 136, 153, 
 
 47*, 517. 
 Santour, 211, 213, 225, 233. " 
 
 artillery at, 200, 
 St. Pierre, Lake, i. 
 St. Sulpice, orders issued off, 183. 
 St. Therese, 230, 233, 234, 239, 244, 
 258, 261. 
 inhabitants of, how to be employed, 
 223. 
 Salmon, in Boquet river, 57. 
 Sandilands, Janes, see Lord Torpichen. 
 Sandy Creek, order issued at, 30. 
 Saratoga, 138, 144. 
 
 convention, 62, 557. 
 orders issued at, 316. 
 Saunders, Qr. Master Alex.. 6. 
 Saut de St Louis, Indians of. 
 Saw Mills, the, 84, 96. 
 
 creek, 90, 96, 100, 106. 
 bridge, 90. 
 Sawyers wanted, 235. 
 Scalps, reward for American, 47. 
 Schank, Lt. John, Ixxvi, 144, 150, 169, 
 
 170, 297, 322, 537. 
 Schaw, Comm'y Alex., 213. 
 Schuyler, Gen., 40, 47, 134,448,453, 
 
 493. 494- 
 Schuyler's house, 145, 149, 561, 
 
 Island, 55, 446, 447, 448. 
 Scott, Lt., 54. 
 
 Capt. Alex , 206. 
 
 Thomas, 206. 
 Scout in winter of 1776, 39. 
 Scurvy, 54. 
 
 Second brigade, Eng., 68, 233, 259, 
 292, 464. 469. 
 
 German, Ixxix, 68. 
 Seniority to govern command, 139. 
 
5^0 
 
 Index . 
 
 Servant!, orders as to, 139, 286, 
 Shelli, dead, I 58. 
 Sherburne, Major, 99, 100. 
 Sherwood, Capt. Justin, Ivii, 73, 111, 
 
 114,479.482. 
 Shrimpton, Capt., 86. 
 Sick, carriages for, 187. 
 
 lists sent to Dr. Kennedy, 263. 
 regulations for, 141. 
 sent to Chamblee, 212. 
 
 general hospital, 192. 
 Montreal, 286. 
 to form baggage guard, 188. 
 Shirreff, Capt. Wm., xlvii. 
 Signals, 80. 
 Silence in working artillery inculcated, 
 
 180. 
 Skating, 42. 
 Skene, Gov. Philip, 94, 115. I»0, I23> 
 
 132, 142, 214, 505. 
 Skenesborough, 85, 88, 89, 91, 93, 94. 
 95, 96, 98, 108, no, 124, 138, 
 444,508,513. 
 orders issued at, 97, 309. 
 house, orders issued at, 91. 
 Skinner, Com.-Gen. of prisoners, 409, 
 418. 
 Joseph, 478. 
 Small, Major John, 549. 
 Small pox, 193. 
 
 Smith, Lt. Wm. P., Ixxiv, 178. 
 Sorel, 39, 182, 191, 200, 227, 233, 238, 
 279. 
 River, i, i6, 39, 206, 2IJ, 231, 
 
 *33, *34- 
 South Bay, 21, 33, 79. 
 
 shore, troops to disembark at, 183. 
 Sp«cJit, Gen., Ivi, Ixxix, 45, 66, 68, 
 
 '59, 399- 
 Brigade of, 45, 68. 
 
 Regt 44,45, 66, 68, IS», 159- 
 Speth, Lt.-Col., 45, 399. 
 Split Rock, 56, 63, 448, 450. 
 Springfield, 116. 
 Spruce beer, 54. 
 Stamford, Conn., 439. 
 Standard of England or Royal, 52. 
 Stanhope, Charles, see Earl of Har- 
 rington. 
 Stark, Caleb, 128. 
 
 Capt., 297. 
 
 Stark, Gen. John, 121, 130,131,485, 
 
 488. 
 State Brigade, weekly, 198, 208. 
 Stearns, Henry S., 489, 497. 
 Steele, Lt. Thomas, 88, 337. 
 Stephens, Ensign George, 215. 
 Stevelly, Lt. Joseph, 266. 
 Stevens, Henry, xxxv. 
 Stickney,Col. Thomas, 102, 126, 1x8. 
 Stirling, Lord, 118. 
 Stone, Capt. Enos, 492. 496, 500. 
 
 Wm. L., vi, xii, Ivi. 
 Stopford, Maj. Joseph, 2. 
 Storekeepers. 141. 
 Storey, Lt. Thomas, 177. 
 Straggling forbidden, 75, 219. 
 Strangers to be inquired about, 202. 
 Strangways, Capt. Stephen D., liv. 
 Strength of corps to be reported, 148. 
 Subaltern's guard discontinued, 259. 
 Sugar Loaf Hill, 84, 322, 323, 347, 
 
 499. 
 Sullivan, Gen. John, 486. 
 Surgeons to collect sick, 192. 
 
 report for orders, 182. 
 Sutherland, Lt.-Col. Nicholas, 260, 556. 
 Sword's farm, 152, 160. 
 
 TANGUAY, Abbe, xiii. 
 Tayler, Capt. Wm. T., 324. 
 Tents for Light Go's, of 47th Foot, 
 
 194. 
 how pitched m wet weather, 240. 
 Thompson, Gen., 176. 
 Three Mile Point, 81, 83, 84. 
 
 Rivers, 11, 37, 176, 207, 229, 333, 
 518. 
 
 battle of, 456. 
 orders issued at, 175. 
 Ticonderoga, xlii, lii, Ixxi, Ixxiv, 29, 33, 
 40,43,78,81,82, 84, 88, 89, 
 9O' 91, 93, 'o*, '°6, 107, 117, 
 142, 293, 321, 322, 324, 347, 
 373, 400, 464, 465, 466, 486, 
 
 499.. 547- 
 
 evacuation of, 85. 
 
 force at, Ix, 1 17. 
 Torpichen, Lord, xlvi. » 
 
 Tory breastwork at Bennington, ia6, 
 
 '33- . . ^ 
 
 families in Saratoga district, 61. 
 
 C> 
 
Index, 
 
 581 
 
 Traitors, suspected, to be investigated, 
 
 202. 
 Trois Rivieres, see Three Riven. 
 Trout, 109. 
 Trumbull, Gov., 441, 444. 
 
 Col. J., 45,. 
 
 The, 25, 447. 
 
 Tryon, Gov. Wm.,68, 69, 70, 73, 382, 
 
 . 525. 527. 
 Twiss, Lieut. Wm., xlviii, li.lxxvi, 169, 
 
 172, I7S- 235. 274,297, 322. 
 
 UNDER commissaries, 195. 
 Upper Sawyers, see Sawyers. 
 
 VALCOUR bay, naval action of, 22, 
 445i 446, 449- 
 island, 22, 24, 27, 55, 169. 
 size of, 26. 
 Valiancy, Lieut. George P., 293. 
 Vangall, see Gall. 
 Van Veder's Mills, Ixxxiv. 
 Varennes, 184, 185, 186. 
 
 orders issued at, 186, 187. 
 Verchere, 183, 197. 
 
 orders issued at, 183, 184. 
 Verreau, Abbe, xiii, 472, 535. 
 Volunteers defined, Ixxxvi. 
 list of, called for, 199. 
 Von Gall, see Gall. 
 
 WADE, Engineer, 174. 
 Waldeck reg't, Ixviii. 
 Walker, Ellis, Capt., xlvii, 154, 179, 
 
 251.253 
 Walker's Brigade of guns, 159, 250, 
 253, 254. 
 company, 199, 207, 260. 
 Walpole, Horace, 388. 
 Warburton, Miss, 387, 388. 
 Warner, Col. Seth, 116, 129, 485, 495, 
 
 494, 495. 496. 
 Warner's Reg't, 494, 502. 
 Washington, Gen., 293, 408, 44a. 
 to Congress, 416. 
 secretary of war, 420. 
 Sir Guy Carleton, 423. 
 the galley, 26, 29, 445. 
 
 Waterbury, Gen. David, 25, 26, 27, 29, 
 
 439- 
 Watson, Winslow C, xiii, 25, 58, 
 
 489. 
 Weir, Wm., 341. 
 
 Wellington, Duke of, li.. 
 
 Westminister Abbey, 426. 
 
 Whipple, Gen,, 557. 
 
 Whitcomb, Lt. Benj., 4, 5, 6, 7, 42. 
 
 description of, 237. 
 
 Wier, Mr., Commissary, 191. 
 
 Wig^lesworth, Col., 25, 445, 547, 
 
 Wilford, Lt. Richard Rich., xlviii, xlix. 
 
 Willkinson, Gen. James, 4, 27, 62, 90, 
 
 145- 445, 558- 
 
 Wilkinson's, duel v/ith Gen. Gates, 401. 
 
 Wiilett, Col., 47. 
 
 Williams, Maj. Griffith, Ivi, Ixxiv, 102, 
 156, 166, 172, 175, 179, 180, 
 181, 207, 232, 240, 247, 251, 
 252,253, 316, 317, 320, 347. 
 
 Williams' Artillery Company, 211, 251, 
 
 252, 3'9- 
 Willsborough, 448. 
 Willoe, Capt., 177. 
 Windmill Point, 30, 33, 79. 
 Windsor Be.nns, 109. 
 Winter clothes to be packed, 287. , 
 
 hill, 352. 
 Winterschmidt, Lt. Gott J., 294. 
 Wirtemberg Chasseurs, 46. 
 Wolfe, Gen., Ixv, 11,45,429. 
 Women insulted by men bathing, 
 194. 
 
 provisions for, 298. 
 
 with Burjjoyne's army, Ixxxi. 
 Wood Creek, 46, 94, 507, 513. 
 
 for Convention Troops, 329. 
 Woolwich, Ixxvi. 
 Wooster, Gen., 276, 524, 525. 
 Working parties, 219, 222, 248. 
 how composed, 219. 
 
 YAMARCA, 243. 
 York, Lt. John H., 157, 178, 
 
 319- 
 
 Younglove, Dr. Moses, 47. 
 
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