CIHM Microfiche Series (IVIonographs) ICMH Collection de microfiches (monographies) Canadian Inatituta for Historical Microraproductiona / inatitut Canadian da microraproductlona hiatoriquoa 1995 Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes technique et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming are checked below. 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Mapa. plates, cham. etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames ss required. The following diagrams Illustrate the method: Lea cartas, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent itra filmto * des taux da rtduction diffirents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour ttra reproduit en un seul elich*. il est film* * partir da Tangle sup*rieur gauche, de gauche * droite. et de haut en baa. an prenant le nombre d'imagea n*cassaire. Les diegrsmmes suivants illustrent la m*thoda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 MIOOCOPV tiSOWTION TBI CHA«T {«NSI and ISO TEST CHAUT No. 21 ^1^1^. ^ APPUBC B— -^ 165 J fg»( Jain S'.a Rocl^est«r, Nam Vl ■^g ("6) *a2 - OJOO - ^S t^'6) 188- 5989 -F ^GE / NAirli^M. iin-'ARV ONTARIO PROVINCIAL ELECTIONS, 1902 MA/IUMAU! ' Ontirio as a Pioneer and Leader in Legislation and Departmental Organization. Ontario under Liberal rule has long been recofnized as a pioneer and leader in legislative reforms, and dupartraental work, but the extent to which this is true may not be generally linown. The following facts selected from a large number wil] be of interest : CROWN LANDS DEPARTMENT. Tke Ontario Grown Timber Begv'ations have beet, largely copied by the other Provinces. The Ontario Fire Act has suggested similar legislation to Quebec, New Brunswick and British Columbia. The Ontario Fire Ranging System (in which this Province was the pioneer) has been adopted, in whole or in part, by Quebec, New Brunswick, and the Dominion as regards the western timber lands still controlled by the Department of thu Interior. The Qovemment of the United States, in establishing a fire ranging system to cover its public lands, practically copied the Ontario system. Culler's Examinations. — This system has been copied by Quebec. Pulpwood Policy. — The Crown Lands Policy regarding Crown pulpwood lands of granting leases or concessions, conditional upon the erection of mills, the employment of a minimum number of men, and o'ther features, hiis been adopted by Nova Scotia, British Columbia and Newfoundland, although the rights of the public are more carefully safeguarded under the Ontario system in that the rate of dues may be increased from time to time, whereas in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland a fixed rental is charged according to area, no dues being required. Quebec BUILD UP ONTARIO .y .1 i ONTARIO AS A PtUNEEH AMD LEAOEB. >"V! copied Ontario by impaling a net rate of 40 centa per cord M dues. The Ontario ai{reements are much more strict in every respect than the concessions granted by any other Province. Saw Log Policy. — Ontario was the first Province to adopt the policy of requiring saw logs cut on Crown lands to be manu- factured in Canada. British Columbia has followed suit by prohibiting the export of pine cut on their Crown lands and the export of pulpwood cut under lease, Newfoundland stipulates, in her leases of timber lands, that the timber cut shall be manufactured at the mills of the leesee. The Dominion has only recently (in May of 1901) prohibited the ^xport of pine saw logs cut on Indian Reserves, and later still, logs cut on the timber belt of Dominion timber lands in British Columbia. A TRIBUTE TO ONTARIO'S MANAGEMENT OF HER CROWN TIMBER. R. H. Roys, of the Saginaw Lumber and Salt Co., at a recent meeting of the Saginaw Lumber Dealers' Association, said : — " I cannot refrain f re n. speaking about the wise system pur- sued by the Ontario Government in handling thoir timber, as eompared to that of the United States, where the Government obtained only $1.25 an acre for land and timber. In Ontario, they put up the timber separate from the land, at auction, the highest bidder obtains a license to cut whenever he chooses, but when t'.ie timber is cut he is obliged to pay the Government 81 a thou.%and for the stumpage, or even more. In the sale of 1892 the Province of Ontario realized 82,250,000 from the timber offered and still kept the land, such as it was." FOREST RESERVES. Pennsylvania is setting apart forest reserves for which she has to buy the land at from 8* to 84.50 per acre — land on which the pine and hemlock have been cut and burnt over. Ontario has had a great advantage in this respect, having originally disposed of the timber only, but retaining the fee simple in the land for the Crown, and in such Ontario Reserves therefore as have been set apart, which were cover d by timber licenses, the land has not hod to be purchased back. BUILD UP ONTARIO i i ONTARIO AS A PIONEER AND LEADER. 3 i i New York State has spent six millioni) thu.i far in buying back land m the Adirondacks and other repent for the e«tab- liihment of forest reserves and for the conserving of their water reservoirs, pyine therefore at the rate of 83.50 per acre. Uaine and Massaclmsetts are considering similar action Strong agitations on the same lines are manifest in Michigan and Uinnesota. " THE BUREAU OF MINES. The Provincial Asaai/ Offi.ce. In 1901 the authorities of the Province of Quebec wrote for full particulars respecting the Provincial Assay Office at Belle- ville, stating that they had in contemplation the establishment of such an office for the Province of Quebec. Full particular, were furnished, and as to the benefits which the office in Ontario had upon the mining industry of this Province. Shortly after- wards the Quebec Government opened an Amhv Office in Mon- treal, no doubt as the direct result of the example set by Ontario. Diamond Drillt. Two or three yours ago the Government of Nova Scotia applied for information respecting the diamond drills operated by the Ontario Bureau of Mines. About the same time the Government of that Province had authority from the legislature topurghase one or more such drills for use in testing the mineral deposits in that Province. It is most likely the esample of Ontario influenced in this direction, although the idea of aiding the mining industry in this way was not original with this Pro- vince, having been some time before adopted in New Zealand and one or more of the colonies in Australia. Praise of the Ontario Mining Law. T ^: ?■ ^•,^^""'°^' "^ ^^"^ ^°''^' Secretary of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, recognized as the great American authority on mining law., said in the Ottawa Mining Review of October, 1897, "The Ontario Mining Act, as framed in 1802 seems to me to embodv a very judicious attempt to continue the encouragement of exploration and mining, with the retention rf sovereign control and supervision." After dealing with tha vari- ous provisions of the Act, Dr. Raymond remarks: "I trust also that the CKoellent features I have uiken the liberty of pointing BUILD UP ONTARIO 4 ONTARIO AS A PIOll«K« AMD L«AD1R. out Will not be «criflced either to p.Um.1 authority on the on. hand or «oci»liitio clamor on the other. AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT. Agrioultv.ral Stati.«io».-M . n i t o b . »dopte<^ »he Ontjirio ,y,t?mTiti. the only other Province 'hat collect, |NBnr.cultnr.l .tatUtica The other Provinces are conndenng the matter. Ca S^tia hM confined her effort, in thU direction to uiuing merely general reports. , i j k_ Ontario's ."armers' ImtUute SyiUm has been adopted bj JlKiitoba and New Brunswick. Ontario » a pioneer in this mXr. The Dominion Government is also sendrng delegation, of Ontario Farmer Institute lecturen. to the other Provinces. The Ontario Live Stock Associations have been copied in all theProv^n^is to general methods of working and organ.za- ^'°The Ontario Winter Live Stock Show haa been itnitated^by the Dominion establishing one. in 1901, for the Maritime Pro- vinces at Amherst, N.S. . « • Ontario'. Dairy Schools have been copied by one m Mani- toba, ODe in Quebec and one in New BrAnswick. Ontario's Agruyaltural CoUege is likelv soon ^ be copi«l. The three Maritime Provinces have in fact. »l"«fy beaded upon having one. Manitoba is considering the matter through a commission. „ . ■ . • i The mccess of the Dcdr-j DepaHr,unt of the Ont"'o *«"«"•: tural CoUeRe was such that the Dominion Department of Agriculture^established a Dominion Dairy Department. Ukmg Ontario's dairyman. . d ■ Jlfos* of the Inatructori in Dairying in the other Provinces have been drawn from Ontario, and some have been taken to New Zealand-a tribute to the training they received here. OtheVs again have ueon employed in Scotland. 5uU««in«.-These are ahead of other province, in numbw and variety of contents. They are eagerly sought ' <>' «> »t^ provinces, and by special arrangement some of the reports wb SrcuUted in British Columbia by the Government of that Pro- vince, the latter paying therefor. BUILD U«> ONTARIO 1 ONTARIO AH A PIOMEER AND IIADIR. AN AMERICAN OPINION OF THE GUELPH AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. irof. W. L. Amou, Director of Maryland Farmtrs' InititutM and Profanor at the Viiyland Asricultural College, on returning from a viait to the Untirio Agricultural College at Quelph, wrote : " I ahall long entertain pleasant memories of my viait to Quelph. Dr. Mills' institution ii. I think, the best of the twelve I have viaited in the United States and Canada /w educating the far inert' eon for the farm. Each member of the y>octor's faculty seems to thoroughly understand his work and to bi doing all in his power for t^e young men under his charge. The neatness of the place is also very noticeable. I quite agree with the Doctor in keeping before the students a high ideal in farming. In this respect, when compared with some of our northern institutions of the same kind, there is a very noticeable contrast." PROVINCIAL BOARD OF HEALTH. The Ontario Public Health Act has been copied by Quebec, Manitoba, British Columbia, Nova Scotia and Now Brunswick. Several of the American States have alno drawn freely upon itn provisions. The Act respecting Sanitary Regulations for Unorganited Territoriee (with special reference to lumber and mining camps), has, although only passed during the session of 19UU, already been utilized as a precedent by several States where similar con- ditions prevail, such as Minnesota, Michigan, Maine and Penn- sylvania. Quebec has practically adopted the Ontario regula- tions. The Law relating to the Supervition of Wateni'orka and Drainage has been copied by Ohio. The Ontario System of Regittraiion of Vital Statistics is far ahead of that of any other Province and, with possibly one exception, every State in the Union. Other Provinces have copied some of it' provisions in so far as they have developed a registration systeu.. The Ontario system has also been copied in whole or in part by several States, notably in methods of collect- ing vitt\l statistics. The Conference of Vital Statistics, held in BUILD UP ONTARIO 6 ONTARIO A8 A PIOMIIR AMD ISADEB. Wa»hington, D.G, two ynn »go, oomin«Da*.l MpecUlly tb« On- Urio plan (or collecting iUtisticn, »nd th« ■yitem M • wholo WM iniormitlly approved of. The Ontario 8y$ttm hai further lupplied sufi^geetiont for the improvement of local resiatratioD syntemi in many citiee of Canada, where ProTinciaT Registration ha» not yet been adopted. Tilt Ontario plan of xmiting the Rtgintratiun and Publie Health Brancliei is another forward movement, since the Health Branch can make constant use of the information regarding deaths to take measures for preventing outbreaks of disease. The Act of I'JOO re Sanatoria for Coneumptivs was an ad- vanced step supplying provision for Qovernment assistance to municipalities ; depenJent upon inspection and supervision of county sanatoria when establiHhed. No European country or State of the Union has as yet formally undertaken to deal with this important subject on these broad lines of legislation. THE GOOD ROADS BRANCH. New Brunswick, Quebec and British Columbia have followed Ontario's example in the formation of Provincial Good Roads Associations. . . Quebec has also followed in Onts'io'a .steps by appointmg a Provincial Good Roads (Commissioner. PROVINCIAL MUNICIPAL AUDITOR Manitoba and British Col'imbia are considering the appoint- ment of a similar officer in their respective Provinces. The Municipal WorU)^ January, 1902, says : " The appoint ment of a Provincial Municipal Auditor and the efficient manner in which he discharges the duties of his office, has had the effect of improving municipal treasurers' accounts throughout the Province. The special cash books are a success." The Monetary Timea, March 1, 1901 : " It is satisfactory to learn Tom the report of the Ontario Auditor of municipal accounts that there is a remarkablo improvement in the methods of municipal bookkeeping since 1892. And not oiily this, but a BUILD UP ONTARIO ONTAtIO AJ A PIOMKER AND LIAOCR. 1 marktd lenaniDg of low to rounioiptlitin by tb* adoption of m uniform aei-ien of book* and •eoountt for trMuiiram, aJded to re- gulv intpseiioii by oflioiAli of tb* Provinot." Tht Eookkuptr, Auguat 1, 1899: "In Unt4rio, wiibin the put three yeant, great etridei have been made along the line of an improvement in municipal aeooub keeping, to which end a uniform lyatem of aeoountK hae been adopted, and ita iiee made eompulaory by all munlcipalitiea." Tht NEGLECTED CHILDREN'S BRANCH. Children'H Protection Act of 189J (under which 30 Children'a Aid Societ.iea havo been organized, deallnt; thua far with over 2,(HJ0 uc cted children) haa been recognized aa one of the moat advanced meaaurea of philanthropic Tegialation on any atatute buok. It haa, moreover, accompliahed tneao reeulta at mu:h leaa coat than aimilar eflbrta in the failed Statea. The Ontario Syntem haa been adopted by Manitoba and Brit- iah Columbia, a aimilar law is row under consideration by Quebec, while no lean than ton Str a have embodied aom* of ita proviaiona. JOINT STOCK COMPANIES ACT. TlieJoir.: Stock Compania Act of Ontario car i into force iu 1874. Quebec has since copied it to a certain e. \t, Manitoba almoat entirely, and Prince Edward Island and ; Northwest Territoriea in ita entirety. Th* Act relating to Bxtra-Proviruiial Corporationt haa alio been copied by Manitoba and the Northweat Territoriea. SUCCESSION DUTIES ACT. Ontario, among the Canadian Provinces, has taken the initia- tive in ita Succession Duties Act. ONTARIO'S SOURCES OF PROVINCIAL REVENUE. In his annual messafre to the Ohio Legislature, on Januarv 6th, 1902, Governor Nash recommended a new system of taxa- BUILD UP ONTARIO 8 ONTABIO AS A PIONEER AND LKADER. tion based in general on the Ontario system, under which all taxes for State purposes are to be raised from corporations, franchises, liquor licenses, etc., leaving county and municipal taxes to be raised by the counties and municipalities. ONTARIO SCHOOL BOOKS. A comparison of the price of school books in the leading States of the Union and Ontario is very much to the advantage of the Province. In New York State a full series costs $9.96 as against S4i.96 in Ontario. Ontario is aheitd of the States in the matter of uniformity in its school books. Different sets of books are frequently in use in different counties iu the same State. The best tribute to the Ontario school books is that many of them are in use in other Provinces, viz.: In Quebec: UcFaul's Drawing, Casselman's Vertical Copy Books, the Practical Spellur, Spotton's Botany, Gage's practical system of Vertical Writing. In Manitoba : The Public School Clrammar, Arithmetic and Geography, the High School Geography, the Practical Speller, Spotton's Botany, and the system of Vertical Writing. In Nova Scotia : McFaul's Drawing, High School Drawing, Practioal Speller, Spotton's Botany, Vertical Writing system. In New Bruna^oick : McFaul's Drawing, Practical Speller, Spotton's Botany, and Vertical Writing system. In BrUish Columbia : The same as in New Brunswick. In Prince Edward Island : Model School Geography, Prac- tical Speller, Spotton's Botany, and Vertical Writing system. In Northwest Territories : Practical Speller, and Vertical Writing system. The Ontario Public School text book on Agriculture is author- ized in all the Provinces. THE ONTARIO GAME LAWS. The Province is becoming known as the sportsmen's paradise, mainly due to wise and common-sense laws enacted for the pro- tection of all kinds of game animals and birds. BUILD UP ONTARIO ONTARIO AS A PIONEER AND LEADER. 9 In no other portion of this vast Continent can eame be pro- cured with so little trouble and expense. During the open season of fifteen days, in eight or ten of the northern counties of Ontario, there are ten thousand Virginia deer killed, at an estimated cost of not more than $10 per deer killed, while the estimated cost of each deer killed by the tourist hunter in the State ol Maine is 8200, and each moose S500. It is proposed to have an open season for moose and caribou in the northern portion of the Province each year, where these noble animals have become very numerous and can be found in close proximity to the railroads, from llattawa to Sault Ste. Mane and Foit William. Duck shooting at the numerous resorts cannot be excelled Many ba^ of 100 ducks and upwards have been made by sports- men per day to each gun. The abundance of wild fowl in the Province result.^ from the prohibition of spring shooting, allow- mg them to nest and propagate in accordance with the laws of nature and common sense. The necessitv for the adoption of this part of the Ontario Game Laws is fully realized by all true sportsmen in the United States, who are working hard to have similar measures passed in their respective States Ontario is far in advance of its neighbors in wise and restric- tive game laws. The licensing of Cold Storage firms, Game Dealers and Hote -Keeper-, to use and deal in game, giving the Chief Game Warden supervision of the most efiective charlcter over them, 18 a most advanced feature of game protection not yet adopted elsewhere. THE INSURANCE LAW. »i,°2*"rn''*^ '"'*° * pioneer in insurance legislation. It was the tirst Province to introduce statutory conditions in fire insur- ance contracts, by which unjust and oppressive conditions were eliminated, and in many other ways protecting the insured. The Act has been adopted, in whole or in part, by most of the Pro- S^St' r '' ''«<=<"'>« *he basis of legislation in many of The feature of the Act allowing thirty days' grace on -the pay- ment of life insurance premiums, has also been largely copied aa has the clause protecting widows and children against creditors in tiie matter of life insurance. A aouna sy,stem of Farmers' Mutual Insurance Companies was BUILD UP ONTARIO 10 ONTARIO AS A PIONKER AND LEADER. inaugurated by the Qovernment, which has effected a substantial saving in agricultural insurance. The Ontario system of insurance registration, enabling the Insurance Department to enforce necessary laws and regulations upon foreign insurance corporations, was a step in advance of the oul licensing system, which is still in vogue in many States. The codification of the insurance law in 1897 further made Ontario a loader in this department of governmental administra- tion. This code covers more ground than any other insurance law, and not only relates to the formation and regulation of companies,)but protects the rights of the insured under contracts of various kinds. The Ontario legislation relating to building societies and loan and trust companies (by which they were brought under a system of annual registration, a proper audit of accounts and the publi- cation of full returns), has been made the basis of similar legisla- tion in Great Britain, the United States and Canada. CARE OF DESTITUTE CHILDREN. At the Canadian Conference of Charities held in Toronto last September, the Ex-President of the American Conference of Charities, who was present, said in his address ; " I consider that Ontario has the best Children's Protection Law on the Continent, and I say this with a full knowledge of the laws of the various States of t Union. In addition to right principles of action it unites Go\ ""Timent assistance and private benevolent enter- prise in a manner that is almost ideal.' This law, drawn up in 1893 by the Hon. J. M. Gibson, has been copied by many of the adjoining States, and has been put into operation in Manitoba and British Columbia with marked success, while other provinces are taking up similar methods. Its two fundamental principles are, first, the protection of every child from cruelty and neglect ; and second, the placing of homeless or dependent children in family homes instead of institutions. Mr. J. J. Kelso, the Superintendent, deals with all matters pertaining to the thirty-five Children's Aid Societies that have been formed. Industrial Schools and Juvenile Immigration. In addition to this, many requests are received for advice and assist- ance regarding neglected children in various rural districts of BUILD UP ONTARIO CAKE OF DESTITUTC CHILDREN. 11 the Province, and in tindinfr homes for orphan or destitute children. Through the instrumentality of the central office and the various auxiliary Societies, over two thousand children have been placed in foster-homes or situations where they are cared for without expense to the country — an immense saving as com- pared with institutional care. To make sure that these children would receive every reason- able advantage in their respective homes, Mrs. L. J. Harvie and Mr. William O'Connor have been appointed to make personal visits to each of the children. Their reports are carefully con- sidered by the Superintendent, and indicate that the children, as a rule, are doin^ remarkably well, and that an extension of this class of work would be desirable. The annual report and other literature of the Department is furnished to applicants without charge, and in this way an ex- tensive educational work is carried on in the interests of home- less or neglected children. The influence of this work has made itself felt in a material reduction of the number of children sent to Reform Schools, and the improvement of home life for childhood generally. Importation of Children. Another important piece of legislation was the Act introduced by the late Hon. A. S. Haidy, regulating the importation of English children. For years this class of work was loosely car- ried on, and children were brought to Ontario whose proper place was in the institutions of the Old Land. An Act was passed by the Government requiring careful selection of children intended for this Province, and the Ontario agent at Liverpool now personally inspects and passes each in- dividual child. The work of supervising immigration on this side was intrusted to Mr. Kelso, and the result has been that the evils of the system have been removed without entirely prohi- biting the work. Undoubtedly there are many farms in the Province where the services of those growing boys and girls are in demand, and in time they become good citizens, adding to the wealth and prosperity of the country. BUILD UP ONTARIO The Qovernment and Corporations Mr. Whitnej' and his friends are endeavoring to create the im- pression that the Government is in league with corporations and straining every point to promote their welfare regardless of the public interests. So far not a tittle of evidence has been produced to warrant that conclusion, as the following statements of tact show ;— (1) For many years railway subsidies were granted uncondi- tionally, that is to say, if the Government Engineer reported that a railway was constructed according to the conditions of the Railway Act as to roadbeds, culverts, etc., the subsidy was paid and the railway was left free to impose such charges for passen- gers, freight, etc.. as might be approved by the Railway Commit- tee at Ottawa. Now if the Government wanted to strengthen itself with such corporations specially, it would not have altered the conditions upon which subsidies, amounting to about ten millions of dollars, had been granted prior to 1900. But, contrary to the practice of the previous twenty-five years, and contrary to the conditions of the subsidies promised by Sandfield Macdonald and the subsidies granted by the Dominion Government until a couple of years ago, the Government in 1900 imposed as a condition that all rail- ways receiving subsidies should furnish special rates for pros- pectors and settlers going into New Ontario, and also that set- tlers' effects, such as their stock, household goods, etc., should be conveyed at reduced rates, such rates to be agreed upon before the subsidies were paid over. Is there ai.y temporizing with railway corporations in this legislation ? New Provisions in Railway Charters. (2) In the railway charters granted to Mr. F. H. Glergue for the construction of the Algoma Central and the Manitoulin and North Shore railways, Mr. Clergue is required as one of the oon- ditions on which a land subsidy is granted to place 1,000 male '2 BUILD UP ONTARIO THE OOVERNMENT AND CORPORATIONS. 13 settlors a year, over 16 years of age, for a period of 10 years, on the lands so granted, and to erect stations and school houses at such points as may be designated by the Commissioner of Crown Lands. Mr. Clergue is also required to establish and maintain a line of not less than four steel ships of not less than 2,000 ton- nage each, for carrying freight between Michipicoten, Sault Ste. Marie and other points on the Northern lakes, and to build pulp works and smelting works in addition to any previously under- taken. As a result of these conditions, about 50 miles of the proposed railway have already been constructed and $1,5,000,000 expended on pulp works, rolling mills, steamships and other en- terprises subsidiary to the railway. Condition.^ of settlement were also imposed in connection with the Manitoulin ami North Shore Railway, together with the erection of a smelter near Sud- bury and a boat for freight and passengers touching along the western shores of the Province at all important points between Windsor and Sault Ste. Marie. Can it be .shown that any concession has been made to the great corporation of which Mr. Clergue is the head, in which the public interest has not been carefully guarded ? Supplementary Revenue BUI (3) In 1899 a "ill for the purpose of supplementing the reve- nue of the Province was introduced by the late Mr. Hardy. This Bill provides for the taxation of the following class of corpora- tions : Life and Fire Insurance Companies, Banks, Trust Com- panies, Loan Companies, Steam Railway Companies, Street Rail- way Companies, Express Companies, Sleepinj; and Parlor t^ar Companies, Natural Gas Companies, Gas and Electric Light Com- panies, Telephone Companies, and Telegraph Companies. The capital of the Companies concerned would exceed a hundred mil- lions of dollars. Their Directors and shareholders consist of the most influential men ia Canada. They had enjoyed immunity from taxes ever since they were organized — some of them for forty or fifty years. It was believed to be in the public interest that they should contribute to the revenue of the Province as they derived an income from their business engagements from all parts of the Province and shared in the protection of legislation at every turn. The lemands upon the revenue of the Govern- ment of Ontario for education and public institutions were urgent. These corporations could afford to pay, as their large investments and generous dividends attested. Accordingly a slight tax was BUILD UP ONTARIO 14 THE OOVUMHENT AND COBPORATIONS. impoMd upon them— to alight as not to derange their biuinees nor seriously, if at all, interfere with the working of the Com- panies, with the following result to the Treasury Department : Income from Corporations. }SS •217,069 94 tSjr 229.774 44 '"" 236,611 49 TotsI in thfM yun f683,346 87 When the Bill came up for a second reading on the 14th of March Mr. Foy moved, seconded by Mr. Miscampbell, the six mrnths hoist, for which Mr. Whitney and all his followers vot- f^ J;?' '"''sfie'J """i being defeated on the second reading of the Billon Mr. Foy's motion, Mr. Whitney himself moved, sec- onded by Mr. Matheson, the six months' hoist on the third read- ing, which also failed. Now, had Mr. Foy and Mr. Whitney been successful, the Province would have lost in the last three years over $683,345 ^ Bill Taxing Brewers and Distillers. In the same session a Bill was also introduced imposing a tax upon brewers and distillers, somewhat similar to the taxes impos- ed upon corporations. The sale of liquors has been a«onsider- able source of revenue to the Province. In Great Britain and in fact, in every country in the world intoxicating liquors are considered a fair subject for reasonable taxation. Everybody knows the influence which brewers and distillers are supposed to carry at elections as well as at other times. Had the Govern- ment been regardless of the public interest, it would have sur- rendei-ed to these corporations. Nevertheless the Bill went on stage by stage, until it reached ite third reading, and here Mr Whitney, who disclaims being friendly to corporations, in the sense m which the Government is, moved that the Bill (No. 164> taxing brewers and distillers, should also receive the six months' hoist Brewers^ and DiatUlera' Liceniet, Etc. }S?? S 66,183 32 JJxr 61,905 83 ""' 61,141 66 To4«l for three j»tn (188,230 81 BUILD UP ONTARIO THE aOVEBNMENT AND CORPORAnOMS. 15 Had the Qoverament yie'ded to Mr. Whitney with regard to either of these two measures, there would have been some ground for the complaint that it was controlled by the corporations. Was Mr. Whitney acting in the public interest when he opposed the Government in regaid to these measures, and was he bidding for the support of the corporations concerned ? Had he succeeded the Treasury would have lost $871,476.68. Mr. Whitney's Speech at New Hamburg, Mr. Whitney has put himself on record, at least, as to one feat- ure of his policy, should he be returned to power. At New Ham- burg he declared that if the opportunity were granted to him, he would repeal the law by which Insurance Companies and Banks were taxed, that is, he would repeal the Revenue Act of 1899, from which, as above stated, we receive an average of near- ly a quarter of a million of dollars annually. Is the country prepared to lose a quarter of million of dollars in revenue for the sake of returning Jlr. Whitney to power ? Are there no inter- ests of the utmost urgenc}- requiring the expenditure of consider- able sums of money for which every dollar of the public revenue should be preserved ? If the revenue is cut down, how is Mr. Whitney going to build fjur or five Agricultural 8chools,and how is New Ontario to be developed ? If taxation is to be lightened, what necessity is there for beginning with the corporations, which, in proportion to their wealth, contribute so little ? Electric Power of Niagara FalU. By an Act of Parliament passed in 1885, the Government ap- pointed a commission with power to remove the old buildings from the neighborhood of Niagara Falls and otherwise improve the grounds with a view to the establishment of a public park at the Falls in harmony with the other natural attractions of the place. To meet the expense of doing this, the commissioners en- tered into an agreement with the Niagara Falls Electric Power Company to install an electric plant for which the Power Com- pany was to pay an annual rental of $25,000, with such increases rom year to year as the power generated would warrant. The residents of the town of Niagara Falls complained that this action of the Government delayed the erection of the works, and in the autumn of 1900, owing to the retirement of Mr. German from the Local Legislature, a bye-election was held for the I BUILD UP ONTARIO 16 THE aOVIKNMENT AND OORPORATIOHS. County of Welland. The Government was strongly preaned to surrender its rental of this electric power, but steadfastly refus- ed, although the apparent effect uf the refusal might be to alien- ate some of its own supporters in the town of Niagara Falls which constituted part of the electoral district of Welland. At a meeting during a bye-election in the County of Welland in 19U0, Mr. Whitney, in a speech delivered in the town hall at Niagara Falls, advocated the remission of all charges by the Qoverninent for the use by the Power Company of the Nia- gara River, although the Government had entered into an agree- ment for the payment by the Company of the sum of l$25,0O0 a year. The power, Mr. Whitney said, should be " free as air." Was be bidding for the support of that Company and for the political support of the elector? of Niagara Falls who were com- plaining because the Company was not proceeding with the work of development ? Putting it in the mildest manner, it does seem that $25,000 a year for all time to come was a large amount to pay for a single constituency. In order thr t liis position might oe perfectly clear, the exact words are here given iis contained in the Mail and Empire of December I2th : — " M r. Whitney agreed with Mr. McCleary that the -vater of the Falls should be free as air, . . . He agreed with Mr. Ross that the tnwn should have the power, but Mr. Ross lipd been careful not to say that the power should be free. Mr. Whit- ney declared his opinion that it should be free and anything that was ever in his power to make it free would be done." BUILD UP ONTARIO Railway Legislation. Recent railway legislation has steadily prooreased towards more compUte Governmental control, with a view to avoiding the evils of monopoly and preserving public rights, and in so doing to impede private enterprise no more than is necessary. The most radical measure in this regard has been the survey of a line from North Bay to the agricultural districts at the head of Lake Temiscamingue, by the Qovernment, with the intention of oonstrueting it as a Provincial work. This railway will touoh Lake Terai.'icamingae and permit the development of the rich mineral region adjacent to that Lake and its tributary waters. \s settlement advances it is proposed to extend the railway to James Bay, thus opening a direct route from the capital of the ProTince to the northern seaboard, a project equally advantageous to new and to older Ontario. Railwaye Incorporated, Since 1898 there have been incorporated by the Provincial Legislature twenty-five steam railway companies. With but a few minor exceptions, the proposed lines will be constructed in Northern Ontario, where they will open up for settlement Urge agricultural areas as well as permit the development of rich timber and mineral resources. Four proposed lines now have as their n>.rthem termini Hudson Bay, their southern termini being respectively at Missinaibi, Sudbury, North Bay and Roisport on the C. P. R. During this peiiod the Ontario and Rainy River Railway from Port Arthur to Winnipeg, opening up exceedingly valuable agricultural, mining and timber sections, has been sub- sidized and hastened to completion. Among other of the more notable lines has been the Manitoulin and North Shore Railway from Sadbury to Little Current, thence crossing Manitoulin Island and passing southerly through the Bruce Peninsula to Meaford, in the County of Grey. In spite of the apparently in- surmountable engineering difficulties, work on this road is being pressed forward. Other projected lines, such as the Al^oma Central Railway from Sault Ste. Marie to Uichipicoten Harbor, the Bruce Mines 17 BUILD UP ONTARIO IH BAtLWAY LE'JIHLATION. •nd Alffoma RulwAy, the MaDiU<„ and Rainv Uka Railway, tit Camp Bay and Crow Lake Railway, the Nickel Belt Railway, the NepigoD Railway, the Nickel Range Railway, the Theualon and Orsnd Portage Railway, the Thunder Bay, Nepigon and St. Joe Railway, and the Worthington and Onaping Railway, will open up diatriete hitherto ralueletii to the people of Ontario. Sailwayi Taxed. The Revenue Act of 1899 provides that every iteam railway company in Ontario ahall pay a Provincial tax of $5.00 per mile for each mile of line operated by the company ; railways to con- tinue liable, aa previously, to municipal aueasment. Subsidy Conditions. The granting of eubsidies has been made the means of secur- ing from railway companies a numlier of valuable concessions. In 1900 the General Railway Act was amended to provide as conditions attached to all unearned subeidies : Thst tubaidizad nilwsjs ihsll oompljr with ngulatinna hsmftor imiwa- •d bj Order-in-Ooundl ss to ntM charged aettlara or proapsetora traralTing on anjr auoh aubaidiaad railwa/ ; That warkmas aod laboraia amployad in tha oonatruetion of aubaidiiaV'''"'-°°x1 m'^,.;!)^^ wiion of 1900 two Bill, were introduced, one cy Mr. Marterand onebv Mr Caracallen, by which it wa. proposed to a-nend the ^Lent A^as to do away with the effect of the eo-called .^Tx™. " decision of the Court of Arp^tl. The» Bill, were referrSd to the Municipal Committee, and after a brief d'»=<"'«°° ISe Municipal Committee declared .gainst the Scrap Iron A.smss- ment. Ai$e»mnen' CommiMton. A. the system of asse^ment ha. for years been considered anomalous and incongruous and the decision of the Court of \p^al gave prominence to only one of it. many Jefects, the i!i BUILD UP ONTARIO 22 SCRAP IRON ASSESSMENT. Qovemment thought best to consider a complete revision of the whole Act and so appointed a Royal Commission consisting of Mr. Justice Maclennan, Chairman ; Mr. Justice MacMahon, T. H. Macpherson, of Hamilton ; K. W. McKay, Clerk of the County of Elgin ; A. Pratt, Assistant Corami.ssioner of Ottawa ; D. K. Wilkie, Manager of the Imperial Bank, iind M. J. Butler, Civil Engineer ; with instructions to consider such improvements in the Assessment law as would secure a more equitable assessment in the case of all cla-sses of property than then existed. The Commissioners sat at Toronto and received evidence affecting every class of property to which the Assessment Act applied or to which it was thought it should apply. The question being so comprehensive, however, the Commission was unable to submit a Bill dealing with the Act in detail, but in view of the urgency of the demand for an amendment to the law as to Scrap Iron, a short Bill was reported for the purpose of disposing of that par- ticular anomaly in the As-sessment Act. Draft Bill. This Bill was submitted in the usual way by the Premier and on the second reading was very freely discussed by both sides of the House. In the course of the discussion it appeared that the Bill proposed more extensive changes in the Assessment law than were required in order to dispose of the decision of the Court of Appeal. This is quite apparent from Clause (2) of the Bill, which reads as follows ; — " (2) In assessing lands having any buildings thereon the value jf the land and buildings shall be ascertained separately and shall be set down separately in column 12 of the assess- ment roll, and the assessment shall be the sum of such values. The value of the land apart from the buildings thereon, but including all other improvements, shall be its actual value, regard being had to its condition, situation and other advan- tages, and the use to which it is or may be applied ; and the value of the buildings .shall be their actual value, regard being had to the state of repair and the cost of reproduction thereof, and any other circumstances affecting their value." Had the Bill of the Assessment Commission been adopted, the effect would have been to greatly increase the assessment on real estate used for any purpose whatsoever and this the House did not seem to be prepared to acquiesce in. BUILD UP ONTARIO SCRAP IROK ASSESSMENT. 23 : Provincial Municipal Aeaociation. Accordingly the Bill was withdrawn and another Bill sub- mitted, embodying the recommendations of the Provincial Muni- <^ipal Association. The Government, while admitting its full responsibility for the measure, felt that an Association representing all the municipali- ties of the Province could have no other object in drafting any amendment to the Municipal Act than to serve a public purpose. Moreover, it may be remembered that Mr. Carscallen, member for the Hity of Hamilton, introduced a Bill containing the same clause for a similar purpose. The substitution of this Bill for the one originally submitted evoked considerable criticism from the Opposition, and although the first Bill of the Government was severely criticised, the Op- position, in order to obtain a party advantage, took it up byway of amendment to the Government measure. Action of County Court Judges. The Government measure passed and was assented to by the Lieutenant-Governor, on the 15th of April. The Companies, however, which it affected, did not accept it, and protested against increased assessment which it was expected would fol- low from its enactment. The question came up under the Statute before three County Court Judges, Judge Macdougall, Senior Judge County Court, York ; Judge McGibbou, County Judge of Peel, and Judge McCrimmon, Senior County Judge of Ontario County, and on the 4th of Nov. they gave judg- ment to the effect that the decision of the Court of Appeal with regard to assessment was still in force and that the action of the Ontario Legislature was ineffective. The Oovernment Charged luith Insincerity. Now it is said by the Opposition that the Government in amending the Assessment Act, with deliberate intention played into the hands of the corporations. As against this contention there may be urged : (1) That such a course would be so palpably dishonorable that nobody except the most unscrupulous would impute any such intention to the Government. (2) The clause dealing with scrap iron was in identical terms the recommendation of the Provincial Municipal Association and BUILD UP ONTARIO 14 SCRAP IRON A88I88MENT. approved by its solicitor, Mr. F. Macl^eloan, K.C., of Hamilton. Was the Municipal Association insincere ? (8) A Bill in precisely the same terms was introduced by Mr. Carscallen, member for Hamilton. Was Mr. Carscallen in- sincere ? (1) Were those who drafted the Assessmciit Act in 1853 and thus maintained it upon the Statute Book ever since, including the three Commissions who revised and consolidated the Statutes since Confederation, insincere when they allowed it to stand without alteration ? . . i. Everybody with any experience in the administration of the law knows that the intentions of Parliament as expressed in statutes are often frustrated by the decisions of the Court; that not only do lawyers differ, but Judges often differ as to the con- struction to be put upon an Act of Parliament. For instance. Sir John Macdonald believtu he had the right to control the issue of licenses for the Province of Ontario. Mr. D' Alton McCarthy concurred in that view and in 1885 a Bill was paised througU the House of Commons for that purpose. That Bill was held by the Privy Council to be lUtra viret of the Do- minion Parliament, and yet Sir John Macdonald and Mr. D' Alton McCarthy were great lawyers. In fact there is scarcely a sitting of the Courts of the Province or of Canada in which a construction is put upon an Act of Par- liament not originally intended by the promoters. BUILD UP ONTARIO