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Un des symboles suivarts apparaitra sur la dernlAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols -^^ signifie "A SUIVRE". le symbols V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Los cartes, plenches, tableaux, etc., peuvent fttre fiimis A des taux de reduction diffirents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichA, 11 est filmA A partir de I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 PKOTESTANT LANDMARKS. THE HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF ORANGE: WILLIAM AND MARY, KINO AND QUEEN OP ENGLAND, 8COTLAND, FRANCE, IBELAND ETC., rxo. ' X WITH A BKETCH OF THE ORANGE INSTITUTION, TO THE PRESENT DAY. TORONTO: MACLEAR AND 00., PUBLISHERS. ST. JOHN, N. B.: R. A. H. MORROW & CO. LP HUMTKB, Robe ft Co., PBINTERa AKD BINDRBS, TOEONTO. ^//7/o I k i PROTESTANT LANDMARKS. We need not; at this momentous crisis in the his- tory of our country, offer any apology to the Pro- ov^//^." ^7- X°<*™°/for the benefit of the loyal and patriotic Orangemen of Canada, a reliable condensed, and perfectly trustworthy his oi^ of the Sw Trine?''? n™' "^ *^ ^y°«' ^-^a^ h^ sS tw ?! ^"^T- ^' ^'" ^ ■■ea'lily under- stood that such a work as the present caimot fail to prove extremely useful, particularly tHhe intell^ Cs oTwhn'""."^ *''? °™"8« In^titulion, Wgenum- a^ol tn "u"^' frequently expressed thelselves aimous to obtain a convenient work of hiatori,. "^TT^yT^'t^ should con,- ine, not merely a hS- toiy of the heroic achievements of " the Gloriov^ Pious and Immortal Prince of Orange," but onetCt would also give m convenient fom aU th« more ^ro^ftlVo'^'^V?'* •'''^^ marked the "r dZuJit v™°^^ ^u^-^'^'y '^'^ '^ inception.*^ A detailed work on a subject of such magnitude would exnens^ve? ^P^'^jl-ility. «<> cumbrous, not tT^ expensive, as to render its possession next to useless UDoniL*'''.-''' ''"""^^^ '' «^« P^«-«« too h^:X Zf + •i*^''^"*'^ ?° "^ mankilid, to allow them dry details, which, however interesting in themselves 8 PROTESTANT LANDMARKS. can possess but little practical influence on the issues at present before the nations of the earth. The great drama is proceeding with ever-varying details. The actors and incidents of the present shall soon have passed into the realm of history, but still the great conflict in all its essential features must remain the same until "the mighty angel" proclaims to the star- tled nations of the earth — " Babylon the Great is FALLEN, IS FALLEN !" "Rejoice over her, thou heaven and ye holy apostles and prophets ; for God hath avenged you on her." Under these circumstances, it would be a mere waste of time to dwell upon subor- dinate issues, or seek to elevate into importance men or events which, at best, are but mere "settings" on the historic canvas. Except as a mere matter of curiosity, and that only to a literary antiquarian, it is not important to the Orangemen of the present day to be informed that the Rev. Mr. Boanerges was Grand Chaplain in Ireland in 1844. The fact may be perfectly indisputable, and perhaps even interesting to a few friends who have had the honour of Mr. Boanerges' acquaintance; but such, we submit, is not the class of information that Orangemen should be called upon to pay for. Unfortunately, Orange litera- ture has very largely suffered from the vicious and objectionable habit of giving undue prominence to local and very subordinate characters, to the neglect, or, what ii^ almost worse, the overshadowing of the grand principles for which, as units in a great army, they did noble and gallant service. The imperishable memory of William III. is justly revered by the mem- bers of the Orange Institution, not merely on account of those virtues which, in a remarkable degree, he pos- sessed, but especially because the Prince of Orange stands "a head and shoulders" over all his compeers as the exponent, or rather, it should be said, the em- INTEODUCTION. 9 bodiment of those principles of "Civil and Religious Liberty," the very mention of which sends the blood coursing through loyal hearts with redoubled energy. If the principles that obtained at the time of the Reformation had been left unassailed, and if a per- fidious, weak, dishonest and Papisti^jal King had not sought to destroy the glorious heritage of British freedom, there would have been no necessity for the formation of the celebrated "Protestant Asso- ciation." But the spirit of Popery, then as now, is incompatible with the free exercise of civil rights ; and so James II. must needs array himself on the side of the " apostate tyrant " of Rome, in order, if possible, to restore Britain's independent Church as well as Britain's independent nationality to the See of Rome. But the British Church, after asserting herself against the tyrannical usur|)ations of the " Man of Sin," and after having baptized her liberties in the best and purest blood of her children, was in no humour to listen to the arrogant pretensions of the man who blasphemously proclaims himself the Vicar of Christ. Nay, more : sooner than resume the galling yoke of Rome, British Protestants counted not their lives dear unto them ; but with the Bible in one hand and the sword in the other, they taught Rome such a lesson that the very mention of it, even to the present, sends a cold shudder through the whole system of Popery. The man who fails to see a Divine Providence working in all the events of this period must be in a worse than Egyptian dark- ness ; ai-d it is therefore no matter for surprise that when the Orangemen and Protestants of Ireland assemble each July in their thousands to comme- morate the victories of the past, that their feelings should find vent, as a favourite channel for expres- sion, in the following words of the Psalmist ; — ! f f i 11 10 PROTESTANT LANDMARKS. " O Lord, our fathers oft have told m our attentive ears, Thy wonders in their days oerformed. And elder times than theirs ; J^or not their courage nor their sword lo tiiem possession gave, Nor strength that from unequal force ilieir fainting troops could save :— " w1* '^^^ "^^* ^^°^ »°d powerful arm Whose succour they implored- wr^c""^ ^'^^ *^^ chosen race, T ^u .7 ^''®** "*"^« adored. , lo Ihee the triumph we ascribe, ^ rom whom the conquest came : In Goa we will rejoice all day. And ever bless His name." It would be ajbout as sensible to ignore God in their shadows before"- " ir^f' ."""?! '^T*' ™^' an approximate Cci.t?A]fel.tr t^^^^'iTstT lw"';rr''*''y*<' g*"g« *e presenXThe p^t' W nn tK ' ''PPf-'^ *° "^ disconnected, and not m^J^' mgonthe same line, are only so relafaVelv^ ;^^? words, they .ppea , so to us, Cu e ouTi^ite mMs between trath L? Providence. The conflict aisappear in the great vortex of the past Not ^o INTRODUCTION. 11 the whole line ; then again the distant cannonading IS heard, and we know that 30me outpost is fighting it may be to the death; presently the trumpet sound^ the advance, and a regular pitched battle ensues. Gradually, the sounds of conflict cease, and then over-sanguine people tell us that we have reached that blessed time when " war shall be no more;" but this pleasing assurance is no sooner made than it is% belied, because the conflict has only slumbered, to burst forth with tenfold fury at some other point. Thus the ceaseless strife goes on. Yesterday it was at the north, to-day at the south, and to-morrojv it may rage under the burning suns of Asia or Af 'ca. This continent has been comparatively free from those mighty conflicts which have shaken older com- munities to the very centre. But it may be per- mitted us to ask how long is this state of thmgs going to last ? What reasons have we to hope for immunity from the conflict ? None. In all proba- bility the contest on the American continent will be a bloodless one. We trust that it may be ; but we have no guarantee that it will be so ; because if the Church of Rome ever comes to imagine that she can, on this continent, gain the mastery over Bible truth and Protestant liberty by physical force, that mo- ment she will have recourse to it. What was that infamous scoundrel Riel, but an accurate exponent of the kind of liberty that Rome loves ? Contem- plate, if you can, the horrible cruelties of that infer- nal system of torture which Rome, in the profound goodness of her soul, calls " the Holy Inquisition." An interesting sketch of Rome's patent method of making converts accompanies this volume. It is enough to make our blood curdle to think of what Rome would do if she only had the power; but, for-* tunately for the sanctity of our homes and altars, 12 PROTESTANT LANDMARKS. she has not that power, and with the Massing of God ctaTa'nd^h". tH '.* ^? 1°"« '^ -"' ^oJilStt ca^da and the United States are true to the memory of the mdomiteWe heroes who crushed her pow w" net/ :„rd- ""^ ■ *'t^ ^'^^- ^* *« «»S mitteH 1 .n T'i^ ^™?' ourselves the fa^t^ad- sWerltio^ /w ° ^^""^ ^^*"' *« «"l'j«<=t ''"y con- have nottitf "^^ ?re approaching, if ind^d we nerioZw r"^ ''^^"^- ''^ °^ *« -no^t critical and iF™ J^l "^'^u'y V"7 serious statement, and It made by an ultra-Protestant writer some Sued ir'" '^ Probability he would ha^eWn f^ thett n? "'""w'"' Z " *°°1' °^ P«^'>aps both, ;,«Llf -a of. 7?'?cty- Yet such is the language whthLyf:- *'''-'°'™^^"''^ *''^ Montreal! " Follox^ closely upon the Postmaster-General's totelfTr ^'"^ ^r^^"* ArgenteuilandTl House of Commons, the pamphlet of Sir Alexander ottenrr'^l' '".*>'^ 4*'^"^*'°° of very aWe men of the t?>ni "i ?f *r' *^/ '=^^' "glrt^ a^d "Gerties ot the people of Quebec, if not of the Dominion are seriously meni«;ed. The declarations ofTe PoT master-General and Sir A. T. Gait mark the com SEL1 " Berry and at the Boyue. Why does Kome seek to undo all that was done during the Revolution of I 14 PROTESTANT LANDMARKS. called "ProtSL" ?. ^?T,^'*^«<' to l>e ties; he; c^ntt^^f'^Xt^- -=--adf Dei? cal abrogation of aT^f ^ ^""^ ' ''«•' J«s"it'- to 'oreet t W p J?""^® precepts of Chris<>-. kindled the &1 If *LSm' *? ^''S^* ^'^'^ «^« has crushed the vel UfeSl*"- *fSf *»«'* «he sitions; in fact to Smlttwc ^P^'" ^^'*«'' %"!- the Monk^f'^tl Va1^?'r> ^''f'f «f J"gation to priceless heriWe rf S^i^t^W ° *^''' ^^* «>« as slaves beneatf th^^^i • 3^ freedom, and bow I^tin priest What ck^r'^p'*' '^"'P'"*^'" "^ a testant^s of the DomLWaTt^n "^5° *" P™' ather b-'ddinff ■ or ZfwWK ^'''?"^'' surrender thing, to the\ ddine of k1V'"T*' *° *« ^"""^ programme of ^ Syltbus j^^f V ''^ '^T °"' *« apprehend, however tl^tK ? ^ ''°""*''>' ' ^e given to those X's^k to !r' ""^I'' ^' ^^ • the Pflnonxr „r ru ^ *^ advance the cause of oL^^ZePrt.Sr "' "^n "b^^r The ih^ ^.n__.^*^ -^^essputs the case with munhr^r.ir.i. i^ INTRODUCTION. 15 " If the issue be forced, there can be but one re- sult ; and recent indications oughs to assure those of the Catholic clergy who desire to pursue the course of Bishop Bourget that the great Protestant majority of the Dominion— liberal though it be, tolerant to the last degree, desirous even to sacrifice something of its own prejudices in order to assure the minority of its generous and just disposition, of its desire to maintain equal rights for all, irrespec- tive of creed, race, or language— is yet fully alive to the importance of maintaining all the safeguards which establish the freedom and liberties of our people and our institutions, and will not be slow, if the occasion is forced upon it, to place itself in a stem and uncompromising attitude to prevent ag- gressions which would seem to threaten the security and disturb the harmony of the people of Canada." Equally explicit is the language adopted by the Toronto Leader : — "With the sentiments expressed in the letter of Su- A. T. Gait, .which will now be a historic docu- ment, we (Leader) entirely concur. He has ex- pressed his views on an important and urgent ques- tion plainly, and there is no misunderstanding his views, and that gentleman may be congratulated upon having fairly met a most momentous and try- mg question. We do not hesitaLe to say, from our own experience, that two-thirds of the Liberal-Con- servatives of Ontario will endorse the views Sir A. T. Gait has expressed. * ♦ * The world is evi- dently on the eve of a conflict, arising out o' the pretensions and insolence of the emissaries of the Church of Ronifi Tf T^Ou aunr^^ac^A +V^«^ 4.U^ £-„x -- f--'-ii--pvou-.j. uiiau wit; lusb shots had been fii-ed in Germany. But it will in no 16 PEOTESTANT LANI)MAB.KS. nent of 'Saint' Columbus will be one great scene ^the great strife. Itis well that the pufufshoX be in the meantime we 1 educated on the subject. TTie speech of Mr. Huntington and the letter of Sir A. 1. lialt are good pnmers for the uninitiated." We have no doubt that the sentiments of the Pro- testants of Canada are accurately reflected in the above extracts; at the same time it mu^t be borne m mmd that when the Free Press speaks of a great Protestant majority/' we are not at liberty to i^ore the very backbone of that majority— the members of t^ie Orange Institution. The Orangemen ot Uanada, as the avowed conservators of the prin- ciples of cml and religious Hberty, are imperatively called upor to declare, in clear and unambiguous laiiguage, that they can have no affinities, political or otherwise, Tath the Ultramontane party m this or a^y other country. We have been told that such a combmation is not alone possible, but that it has been actually consummated. We shall presently vmdioate the members of the Orange Institution fW V, T^ ^"""^^ ^*^^^ ^^"^% ^0^1 aspersions that have been cast upon them. The point, how- ever, that we wish to direct attention to is this: namely, that those who make such charges do so apparently on the supposition that the Orangemen as a body are Ignorant of the history of the Institution !L . w^ ^^^^""^ ' ^^^^«® i* i« ^ot possible to suppose that any Orangeman, no matter liow hum- ble, knowing the history of the past, would for a moment lend himself to countenance a political alliance with Ultramontanism. Those who talk and write about such an alliance are wilfully or igno- J .v^.iv=rwiiviiig aviiiv u£ ine moao prominent INTBODUCTION. 17 landmarks of the Institution. And here we take occasion to spy that the history unfolded in the follomng pages is pregnant with the most valuable instruction ; but to no one more valuable than to the honest and conscientious members of the Loval Orange Institution. It wiU be seen that James II was a most devoted slave of the Fope, and that the great object of his life was to destroy the Protestant- T" -i. Hx^^^'^lit^ ''^*^^''' ^^^ re-establish the Romish faith. Why, it may be asked, did James imperil the best interests of the kingdom by acting m the way he did ? The answer is not difficult to discover. James was what woT^ld now be termed 'an Ultramontane;" that is to say, a man whose patriotism is extinct, and whose better feelings have been sacrificed at the nod of a foreign priest. James fawned on the Pope, and the Pope blessed James in return. Does not the Pope claim to be the Vicar of Uirist, and to have all power committed to him ? He does. Then surely, a3 Heaven's first favourite James had just grounds for expecting an unusual share of human prosperity ; and, indeed, it is on re- cord that when he was informed of the disaster which befell the combined fleets under Admiral Herbert and Vice- Admiral Everson, that he held up his hands m pious exultation and said, " At length then, the wind has declared itself a Papist ; " and on the same occasion James told Barillon, the French Ambassador, very confidentiaUy, that nothing else was possible, "because," said he, "you know that tor these three days I have caused the holy mass to go m procession. It is almost impossible to con- template such gross superstition without a shudder Illustrating as it emphatically does the truth of that bcripture which affirms : « And for ihi^ no„.. cl^a shall send them strong delusion, that they"sho^d 18 PROTESTANT LANDMARKS. Sl^Ji'i ^f!t ^"^ "e* '^'^ fi"^* «""« that Kome put a he into the mouth of a Kins' nor has it been the last. What foUowed ? WTiy^to^elh! ^^guage of an Msh G^nd Chaplain, tfc ^0^ ^Xr"' r "^ ^'f'^^'^^r''^'^^ and eloquent divines James II. had his croAvn ignominiouslv kicked into the Boyne," and he became a Zper dZ the"„^'?rr *K, ^^"'''^ "^ ^^™«- eZ «int na«nn HlT*'P'\'^'?'Ti°'' *"■''"'=« •'^^ teen to the nation that sought it of the most disastrous character. Most people are aware that during the nresent generation Isabella of Spain was, of' aU EuCean sovereigns, the most blessed by the Pope • yet soT she, too hM to seek a refuge in France. Nor i^ this NanoWn m P™***^'"?' ^^'^i". the Emperor iMapoleon III. was secretly incited by the Vati- can into one of the most bloody of^andent or modem wars ; and we are not usiniany unmeTninff hyperbole when we say that the pmye^ of Xm sh Chnstendom went up unceasingly for the suceeS of r the second son of t£e Church," Ld the correspond ing defeat of the old heretic, the Emperor WiCm fviJ^e Jt?^*'".^.""!!^ ^'-^^^e wa. Wd into a curse of the most deadly nature ; the power of France Id fCY '■;*" "•^''T '''•'"''* *« Protestant ST and the Napoleomc dynasty shattered into a thou- sand fragments. The veiy stars in their Curses appeared to fight against the French armL whTcT rnTthe7rt'^f*",^''-,-T"* impregnable fo^t and then out of them, like so many sheep ; until at W, like a pack of well-whipped curs, they sumn- dered en masm at Sedan. Surely th^ French who have ymdicated their valour on i thousand bloody helds, were not wanting in soldierly qualities. Then what was the cause of the repeated defeats which INTRODUCTION. 19 they suffered from the victorious Landwehr of Prus- sia ? The cause was this : France, as the conqu™or of Genaany^ wou d have been the most arroSv dictatonal Power in Europe ; in fact, she v^ZdhZ ordered thmgs pretty much after her own fancy or ZZIT?'^ "i^il' ^SS*^*: »>"*' "nquestiomWy the restoration of the temporal power of the Pope was one of those measures that such a contilencv would have g^ven birth to, and this accounts ffr?he &X^r* rr^ intemgible fact that Cnan Catholics almost to a man sympathized with France and against Germany. But here again the p™ of Heaven sself-sty'.ed Vicar were aSortive. a^T^SS the humiliation of Sedan and the exile of the Em- peror perished the last hope of the Pope to re^klL his temporal power and his mischievoushiflueS European politics. But if the Pope's bCk,™ are nugatory, how n^uch more so are his curses P Jot vSf^" ^"^ kept cursing and excommunicato ^f whvTr"!"".*'' P'°P'« ^^^^ '^^'^ wonder? ing why the «irth does not open and swaUow the STstT^f m M"^-'' *° give to the Man: liWv" Nn .^ blessings, "civil and religious liberty. Now, strange as it mav apnear from th^ moment the Pope tool? to cursing ih?SL™Wote ces^^hts'aCT*^ "^^ t* '^' "O^* -narC su^ cess has attended them. We might multiolv ex- went into power a few years ago with perhaos the mos overwhelming majority fhat everO^lSh Se of \Z^'fl '^ 1?'^'^"<=«- What Wthe party ? Answer^-ALUANCE with Rome. There ^.r\.r. F "•{ '"° "'^ ^°'^'' ' ^^^ -LfOiniiuon politicians who, for party purposes, are disposed toc^uet ^ft' 20 PROTESTANT LANDMARKS. Ultramontanism will do well to note the fact. On the other hand the Conservative party were never so strong in the British House of Commons a^ they are at present. Why ? Because they have not hesitated to declare themselves opposed to the intolerant preten- sions of the Komish Hierarchy ; and furthermore, that they wiLl,as a party, uncompromisingly resist them. Ihus It IS mamfest that the nation, or the political party which forms an alliance with Romish Ultra- montamsm, is but taking an effectual step towards its own destruction. It was true in the time of James 11., and we have seen that it is equally true to-day I'opery, wherever H predominates, exercises a bane- tul and peymcious influence, even down to the most minute details of every-day life. It drove away, through Its cursed intolerance, some of the best workmen m a leadin^r French industry. Go to Ire- land, and contrast the state of Protestant Ulster as compared with Popish Connaught. Ulster was an ungenial and stenle wilderness, as compared with the nch pasture lands of other parts of the country • but, notwithstanding its sterility, Protestant industry has made it to blossom like the rose, while the other provinces, cursed by the iron despotism of Popery are in a state of the most hopeless and abject misery.' bo obvious is this, that writers without any Irish sympathies--or if they had any, were sympathies againsttheProtestantminority—havebeen compelled to acknowledge the immeasurable superiorityof the Protestant peasant over the Roman Catholic. But to come nearer home. Contrast Protestant Ontario with Popish Quebec, and exactly the same state of things 18 observable ; in fact, wherever or whenever youtmd a people slavishly devoted to the interests ot the Papacy, there you will find superstition, is- f. .„..^^, ^^i^^iciaiiuo, ana an absence ot" that active INTRODUCTION. 21 and industrious energy which is one of the mos+ charactenstic features of a Protestant community. Bearing these facts in mind, we will not be at much loss to account ^or the signal defeat which overtook the runaway King and his Irish auxiUa- ries at the Boyne. In discussing the issues of that day on our own times, we can hardly overrate their impoi-tance ; and well, indeed, will it be if those en- trusted with the destinies of this new Dominion iceep before them, as steadily as did the Prince of * -fiT/i *^T ^"""^"^^ political principles which, when taithfully adhered to, must tend inevitably to na- tional prosperity and greatness. It should at the same time be borne in mind that Popery is not alone a huge blot on the religious world ; but also, that her political prmciples are quite as vicious as her religxous ones, and so inextricably are they inter- woven the one with the other, that it is impossible to speak of them separately. In fact, when Roman- ism ceases to be political, it must cease to exist en- tirely ; and thus it comes to pass that if a Roman Uthohc makes profession of liberal opinions, he is in proportion to the extent of those opinions, at va- riance with his Church. If it can be shown that there IS any wide divergence amongst Roiiian CathoUcs. that section of them which takes ground against the pernicious teachings of Ultramontanism should be encouraged and assisted by all the moral in- fluence which Protestants can bring to bear .upon the controversy Unfortunately, Romanism is not n harmony with sound political maxims, so that to the ordinary Ultramontane mind nothing, for ex- ample, can be more obnoxious than Cavour'i doctrine, A tree Church m a frpo Sfofo " i? j.v„ t>.„x_. ' tant standpoint, antipathy to such a sound maxim 11' ill 22 ' PROTESTANT LANDMARKS. Idr^^^hiAr^. ^PP«^r« altogether unrea^sonable : and undoubtedly it is so in truth ; but a little reflec- tion will show that, however unreasonah/r ?f 1o . least perfectly consistent, becausTrrmaV r^^ IhJt"^! *' wiU enforce her views in ZTwt PouH tte ^ One distinguishing feature^oS poucy IS this : it the circumstances are verv miirh against her, an immediate reeoui^e is had to^^ous s^etai,env^no, negiecttul of the warnings of the naat «pn.l all over this continent, and theultimate object lobe achieved is, not the conversion of so many heretics but the sapping away of the Protestantism of the CO mtiy, in order that when some gi^d "k is pr^AnTtheTlI T\^S'^*'- ^ "af fallln ea.y ?hn{ rl^ all-ubsorbing maw of Romanism. And thus It comes to pass that we have in our midra system as vicious and disturbing in poS as go^pd. ""='""^"*'^'^ ^'* *« simVit^of the' INTRODUCTION. 23 James the Second was as great a bungler as he was a coward, and it is extremely fortunate for Europe and the world that he was so. The Pope mtended that James should, by a display of consti- tutional and liberal conduct, so win upon the nation as to cause it to disavow its Protestantism, and agam restore to its religious worship the incrusta- tions which the National Church had been at so much pains to lay aside. Rome is not scrupulous as to the means, provided she can accomplish her pur- pose ; and its defeat on this occasion was owing, perhaps, as much to the bungling incapacity of James as to any other assignable cause. The scheme was worthy of the Jesuitical subtlety of Rome, and we are not astonished to know hat the Pope' was indignant and incensed at the Ki^ig on account of its failure. Immediately after James had been pro- claimed King, he made the following speech before the Privy Council : " I shall preserve the govern- ment, both in Church and State, as it is now by law estabUshed. I know the principles of the Church ot England are for monarchy, and the members of it have shown themselves good and loyal subjects; theretore I shall always take care to defend and support it." But, as already intimated, James was a bungler, and so in the course of a few days he made It sutiiciently clear what his intentions on the mat- ter really were. Disguise, if needed, was no longer possible. The Protestants of England felt that a great crisis had amved in their histoiy, and so they wisely banded themselves together, adopting the » w '"? " Platform," as we would now term it :— We whose names are hereunto subscribed, who have now joined the Prince of Orange for the de- lenceof the ProtfisfnTif i-oii^.;/^,. ««^ *^„ at,„ ___•_ taimng the ancient government and laws and liber- I ? ill I I V 24 PROTESTANT LANDMARKS. I ;i!; ties of England Scotland and Ireland, do engage t n^T^^t^''^'^^}' ^^g^^^«« the Prince ^afd to one another, to stick firm to this cause in the reli^n 1 ' ^^^'^^T ^ ^"P^^ ^^^^ i* tiU our religion, xaws and hberties are so far secured to us in a free Parliament that they shaU be no more m danger of falling under Popeiy and slaver^" Thisis unquestionably the gem of what subsequently became the Orange Institution, as we shall have oc casipn to shew further on. It is unnecessaiy to e^- ter into the details of the results which followed • they are matters of history. What we are concerned with just now are the principles involved in th-^ con- test, m order that we may see what changes, if an^ have since taken place. If we view tl^B^ttle of the iSoyne as a mere military event, we will be ra- ther surprised to learn that it was, comparatively speaking of much less importance than a hundred other battxes that have since been fought. At best there could hardly have been more tlian two thou sand four hundred men killed out of the combined iw'ft. K ^^ many other events, its importance IS not to be estimated by ordinary standards, and so we come to discover that " the Boyne " was, from Its ultimate effects on the destinies of Europe on^ ot the most remarkable contests inthehistory of the world. And m relation to this point, wo m4 notice a charge that is^frequently made against ul 'Zw celebrations/' It is said that such co^ni..,.moi..tioi^ Wnl r '*^.'t'T'^ *^^ victory was obtained by one section of Irishmen over another, and that it is consequently unfair, as it is uncharitable, to keep ahve such memories. Now, without stopping tS discuss the propriety or the impropriety of Cele- brations m the abstract, it will be sufficient to sav tnat tnose annual rlisr^laxro tvI^-'-i- i«i 1- i .j^.,,vj.r^ Aiiiuii taji-t; pxace unaer INTRODUCTION. 26 the auspices of the Orange Institution are neither intended as an insult to the Roman Catholics per- sonally nor yet to the religion they profess, and, no doubt, conscientiously believe. The victory of the Boyne is not celebrated as a mere feat of arms ; if it were, we venture to think that there are few 'in- telligent men who would for a moment hesitate in saymg that its perpetuation was un advisable. When Orangemenspeak of the victories that were achieved at "Enniskillen," "Aughrim," "Derry," and thd " Boyne," they emphatically re-assert the principles which nave rendered the Revolution of 1688-90 for ever memorable ; nor need we have the slightest hesitation in saying that if the members of the Roman Catholic Church were candid enough to doal with the subject apart from the intolerable bigotry of their political and religious training, they would be the first to confess the deep debt of gratitude they owe to the memory of William III. If, for example, it be asked why are the Roman Catholics ot this Province more enlightened and possessed of a greater degree of religious freedom than their co- religionists of Quebec, we say in answer that they owe It to the Revolution of 1688. As we have already intimated, it does not lie within the scope of this Introduction to deal specifically with any of the nunute incidents which mark that ever-memorable period in the history of the mother country ; it is only necessary to point out the striking landmarks as we pass ; and most noticeable of all these is, per- haps, what may be termed Rome's change of policy atter the defeat which she sustained at the Boyne. It was on that ever-memorable day she was taught at the point of the bayonet that Popish superstition or fana- ticism is no match for "freemen whom the truth makes tree." Rome, as matchless in her craft asshe is uns<;ru- 26 I i I I 'illi- ;li!( 11 PKOTESTANT LANDMARKS. pulous in her code of morals, sawthat it was useless! o' by Tr^ f ^rr^rt" f ^^^*^«^ pTSn^r uy lorce ot arms, and so, to use a ". itarv nhra<.P she cunnmgly changed her " Base o/mSriltw'' and proceeded upon In entirely new hneTatteck The Gunpowder Plot, the fires of SmitKfi u .1 massacre of 1641 and th. ;!f »mitlifield, the of which thp rL^ 1, . innumerable atrocities r,-„7t B i • ^°""''h party had been guilty in £\f^n^^Uuy%eSS 'Swstl' spirit In this connection "the Penal Law^'' we'a^' "rcaZd""" *^ *f '"'"'^- but fortunrty Zt fu J- , ■* "P°n *« justify them even if only rifer'' ''.^^1 'P- ^' tl^^^--^ «me" s sued bSl, tt^ *'"'> .™ ^'^^ "f t^« course pur- even the P^t Tr*"*^ '"""" *'^''* unfortunate time, urii;fi»/ ^'j ^^^ *'■'' not deserving of the StfapTp'oTt^^r t'^' ^'^^^ ^'•°*«^*^"* tx6 '^"> *^^* ^^ ^-^^^ Bo^tntrorthS or Chanty which he was bound not alone to tolerate to find Urstr r' '"^'"j ^""'^l i* •'•^ ™S kind? WetXlr^r^ '°»t(^9fc«^<|»^ !»sw«*«l»«i!>.a«5a! INTRODUCTION. 27 spirits in that mischievous system knew perfectly well that they could hope to make but little head- way against the liberties of the nation. Rome, however, can always afford to wait, and in this in- stance, at all events, she pursued this policy to some advantage. Time being on her side, she well knew that by the misrepresentation of facts, the falsifica- tion of history (where possible), and the almost in- numerable wiles of her Jesuit preachers and writers a change would ultimately be produced in the as- pect of affairs, until at last simple-minded Protes- tants, who had heretofore looked upon her with detestation would come to consider her as not being near so black as she had been painted, and that so far from being the embodiment of persecution, tyranny and despotism, Rome was, above all other systems, the most tolerant, forbearing and gentle. It may be convenient for modern Romanists to Ignore the facts of history ; but, as Protestants, we cannot in justice to ourselves afford to forget them. Not, of course, that we pretend to charge against Roman Catholics, as individuals, any of the wrong- doing of which their Church has been guilty in the fif^^u^^ Religion. The charges we make against the Church of Rome have referenea to the denation- alizing system of Ultramontanism, which has been compreiiensively termed " Vaticanism." Amongst other prerogatives claimed by the audacious Priest ot Rome was the right of deposing Sovereigns ac- cording to the good pleasure of his will. Anythino- more monstrous cannot be well imagined; and yet Cardinal Bellarmin, one of the most distinguished writers of the Romish Church, denounced the denial ot this^power as heretical. But bad as was the mere v^eposition of a Sovereign, there was worse yet behind it. Not alone was a King deposed, but from \\ Hi j» 28 PKOTESTANT LANDMARKS. the moment of his deposition he was declared by the Pope to have forfeited his throne; his lulXZ dom the teaching of the Church of Rome on this wTthont"?^ f r"^ P?'^"'^ ""^y be murdered ItlTX'^ of temporal or eternal punishment If to this we add that other maxim of the same taith with heretics, we have a system of religion or ^Tj-tl ^?" '"^^ "'^'' t*^ ««" ^t. «° intensfly evU in thel .( • /'"P'*' ^''*' ^"""l 0^ -"'""ing matters and PrnlT f^'^ ^ consequence, both Romanists derived w"™ ^•\'"'^'«d, and not unfrequently nnW r ■• 7 T° '^''?'*' '^"ty 't is to instruct thi St wh"v . ^* 'T "^ ^''"■'y ^'^ '^ V the modern l-apist, why do you charge against the religion which iQ I rT ^'^'^ ^^''^' ^ ^"^ "i^t assoSateland ^.nt\ I.-^^-demn. perhaps, as strongly as you do" ward 1T'*'T */ '■'^^ '^ '^"^'tled tS a straightC: ward and explicit answer. Your Church claims Swavs f.y ■^•'^'f tion that she is ser,^per tZi tZ^^^ .i **™e)-holding the same principles iindev"^.*''" »»«doetrinesrand maintaining vvth ucai policy This claim is an inevitable result of her pretensions to "Infallibility." The reasonim T':'^'- V",rKf \"y^ «»"'<' '« infalhble to-day'- she >.a« infallible when she murdered the HuguenX' sfa^J'rhMr'""*^ °^ ^'''^'"^' --l-nertilessly S M . "^ Albigenses and Waldenses: she was infalhb le when she burnt the heretics in En 'laid or crushed them in the dungeons of the Spanish fmm «11 "?t" f.''=»''''^th, and relieved her subjects hom all obligations of loyalty_in fact, according to INTRODUCTION. 29 her own theory, there never was a time since the days of the Apostles when she was or could be any- thing but what she professes to be to-day. The conclusion is inevitable : if it was lawful in Papists to murder deposed Sovereigns three hundred years ago, it is lawful to do so to-day. If Romanists were then under no obligations of loyalty to a Protestant htate, it IS the merest moonshine to say that they are under such obligations now. If we believe in their loyalty, we are driven to the alternative of sup- posing that they look upon infallibility as " a sham." and that semper eadem is an unmeaning term em- ployed by their theological writers. But as a practi- cal test of this. Are there ten honest Roman Catholics in the whole of Canada who are prepared to adopt the latter alternative ? We think not. This then is the ground we take in regard to the Church of Rome, and every candid man must admit that it is perfectly unassailable. Three hundred years ago the public mind was but struggling "to free itself from the grasp of the Papacy, the iron of whose despotism had entered into its very soul and Rome was not then so cautious as she has since become: at that time her principles had comparatively speaking, free play, but the advance i-i •* ^^^ Protestant liberty rendered a modification of them absolutely necessary. The Mglish Roman Catholics, whose honesty cannot tor a moment be questioned, led the way, and so early in 1608, Archpriest Blackwell advocated the adoption of the oath of allegiance. " When the Koyal remonstrance of 1661 had been signed by certain Bishops and others in Ireland, it was con- demned at Rome, in July, 1662, by the Congrega- tion (ie rroDae-andfl. • n.nni in fl,« a„w.« ^^^xi ru^ fapal JMuncio at Brussels, who superintended the 30 PHOTBSTANT LANDMABKS. noui!^ed^ i!"* ^"T ^'■'^"^^'^ ^<' that time de- nece^sa^ to dtvt^'tt t^S^ofTeir cC' ^* that th". v'^t "^T '^^y e^aMly d^dZd government rf ^3™ ' '*Y^' ««"«t't»tion or were made in Ireland W Z '^l P^'^^t^tion^ the Roman CathoKc Churi.^D DovleT"'^"*''' L^'dTZdrr' '^'°:i^ committ^eTttt:nhe- ISa'? ff^ T • u S subjects. So late as the year not an article of the Sthohc toh^? 'T^i'"'''^' T rations were all neeea^rv i^ f , ^^ '^'"'^- word advisedlv t-f T^'- °?^«''-and we use the of ^eafSr T? "''*' f"". Protestant rulers perfeetj, i^Shle '^f%Sp: was^^tf ji^^n^ p^rn- srxr^ tc-n^r for the accomplishment: nf «it"i- ^f ' ^^^ /«.*' r -TV ... ^.v-xiaiix purposes 01 their INTRODUCTION. 31 own tncv do not hesitate to swear that the Pope is not ' infalhble. On the other hand, if they swore i""!. .^.ThT.i^ ,^? ^ ^^"*' ^^^^ ^b« recent dogma of Infallibihty is a novelty in the Church ot Koine, as weU as a burlesque upon our common humanity. Roman Catholics may be left to choose whichever horn of the dilemma they like best • in the meantime we proceed to say that, owing to such representations as the above, the " Penal Laws " were relaxed, and finaUy " Catholic Emancipation" was accomplished, and accompanying it we can- not help thinking that many of the safeguards which surrounded the British Throne were need- lessly swept away. Looking at the history of the past hlty years, Protestant statesmen may well ask themselves what have we been doing? Con cession after concession has been made to the demands of the Papacy, but yet, as a spirit of evil it moves about, ever restless, ever dissatisfied, and thwarting by its unhallowed presence the no- blest efforts of man for the improvement of his tellow. What has become of all the guarantees that Popery so freely gave for its good behaviour before Emancipation ? Swept away like the chaff before the wind ; and if there is any Protestant curious to ascertain the reason, we will call upon that illustrious pervert, John Henry Newman, to rise and explam. He says, in his reply to Mr. Glad- stone s pamphlet, "No Pledge from Catholics is OF ANY VALUE TO WHICH RoME IS NOT A PARTY" Ihis sentence ought to be printed in legible charac- teis wherever Protestants have intercourse with Romanists, but m no place ought it to be more carefully noted than in fhe Hallf of our Leg slXe Assemblies and in our Pnblin SnT.^.i. K"-i^ Bishops may swear, Romish journalists may explain' 32 PROTESTANT LANDMARKS. ■I, ' and Romish laymen may promise, but unless von thTeontaTT"' *"* ^°"« '^-^^'f is a party to the contract, it possesses no value whatever So ftotestLT^'l* "' r-^^™ ^o'^'^'' auXritiS^ l^rotestants have been always willing to give Roman Catho ics the greatest possible freelom zllf^^er for the niT» "" f T"' ^??^''l>' ^"*' unfortunately witn religious toleration, and it hardly makes nre tence to deny that it never can be satisfieT^thC than complete domination, and that, too, in matS Romlt'^tr:" '^ '^^'""'^ ■' ^ ^^'=*' ^'t"^ theXS other To nil?.! '\f^ '^*™^ consequence of the the « F J^h^ about LlBERAUSM is simply to insult desienlte the^ f ^ ^tramontanes are pleased to S^nf And 'r»f ""' '"^\ intolerable preten- represent^thi ,-r '"''^"''* ^ ^"PP<««<» ^ '^^- rStmtrkabirpS JUer ITuot'^ '""^ Bishop Bourget, dated it ^/eW^y,'^^^^": "Liberalism is a false and dangerous sentiment • t IS a factious party, which conspires in fact against the Church and against civil society. A Literal Catholic IS a man who, to a certain degree partakes of this sentiment, whether in this p^y 'o?1„ tWs doctnne ; the more sick is he as he is more L beral ftof^y. f-r^l^"^ '''' ^""^^^y *^ defend religion and that the laity have not thi° 'ni«"'— • ^vi\- J -*«ve uuo w.io imsaiuu ; since that the INTBODirCTION. 33 Pope declares, in his EncycUcal of 1853, that the aity fulfil in that a filial duty from th^ moment aat they combat under the direction of the eW Modern LiberaUsm pretends that religion should Si' W the sacnsty, nor go beyond th?Iimits of pri- vate piety But the l>ope declares that CathoC can only efficaciously defend their rights and theS Ktlil- T .f ^'■?5*«™tie traits you will recognise i?ot d„ w^7'"'-'"; .? '' ^o"- «>^* ^« ha^e deemed s derltfon^it' Tf *?w ""* *" ^""^ ««™™ «<>"- stond the definition of them which we have given i. "1" PT'°^ ^'"'""^'^ *^«^« ^^ times and Uvins in these days of scandals, attach yourself whh afl your heart to the piuctical rules which we trTce out obL^ ^f "* *''• P'''''"'=" "^ ^'^' ''"d with the^l objec of securing your greatest good. Ist. Hear Jesus Christ in hearing the Church To this end penetrate the sacred Sraeles wS fell from the mouth of the Divine Master 'H^ who hears you heai. Me ; and he who doeTnJt he^r ^n ^k"""^' I'* '^^ ^ ^ ^^^^^^ or a pub i«^' tice. Each one of you can and ought to sav in the mterior of his soul, • I hear my Cur^ rSL^ hea,^ the Bishop; the Bishop hea^ the Po7 Id ffis Z'v S^ -n I"'"-^J«'™? Christ, who S^^h ttis Holy Spirit to render them infaUible on tho teaching and government of His Church With this rfma^cW • "T"' ^ Y^'^y- *»<» lamcerZ ot marching m the way of justice and of truth.' fearing that in despiSngthem^y;;i„;u/SCrM, V I 34 PROTESTANT LANDMARKS. anathema pronounced by our Lord, ' He who despises ^ you, despises Me.' Oh ! and what words ; to despise Jesus Christ in despising His priests. They are worthy of attention, and deserve to be seriously con- sidered. As it has just been observed, he who hears the Priest hears the Bishop, and he who hears the Bishop hears the Pope, and he who hears the Pope hears Jesus ChrioO. He hears then all the clergy, ^whose chief is Jesus Christ. In the same way, he ^who despises the Priest despises the Bishop, he who despises the Bishop despises the Pope, and he who despises the Pope despises Jesus Christ. He despises then all the clergy, whose chief is Jesus Christ. After all which has been reproduced above of the instruc- tions given by the Pope and the Bishops against Catholic Liberalism, it is evident that the priests, in their instructions regarding this detestable error, scrupulously attach themselves to the principles which are dictated to them by their pastors. It is then all the clergy who thus speak through the mouth of their members. Thus, to despise this organ of the clergy is to despise Jesus, who made them His ambassadors. It is to despise the Eternal Father, who sent Jesus Christ, His only Son, into the world, to teach and to save jt. But how must we consider him who, upon the hustings, be it at the polls, upon the platform, or in papers, dares to prefer insults to the person and to the character of the priest, to despise or make his words and his conduct to be despised, in order to take away from him, if it be possible, all the estimation and the consideration which he enjoys among the people ; and how ought he to be treated ? We invoke, to reply to it, the authority of the Holy See, against which it is not permissible for any one to reply and to make an attack." INTRODUCTION. S5 Here then we have a Roman CathoUc Bishop in this Protestant Dominion of Canada setting 2 11 ecc es.ast.^1 despotism so absolute, that we a^e a c tuaJly confounded at the thought of it. But.^or- tunately tins is not aU. Romanism and Libert^rre isrf I? , ^^^.^' *'"* ^l^"* °^ Pope Pius IX in 1864, tWe who maintain the libert/ of the pres^ the taitk Th s statement was recently denied bv Roman Catholic wiiters ; but, as we hive alreadv shown, It mattei^ little what such people S deny or affirm, because they can'^ hardly call their immortal souls their own, much iL ?hp reason ,rith which God has blessed them Thus speafa_the Bishop on the " Liberty of the "For about three years, the Holy Congreffation of the Propaganda, charged with ApostoC funeT mtendence over this countiy, has teen nfZld " that certam papei-s allowed themselves to pubhsh nsults to the ecclesiastical authorities. Th^e fte to w^l tn'^tlf 'p^ Congregation was constraSed mnTtlf *?" ^'''"?P' °* *'^ Province to impress upon them the necessity of doing all in their power LT\- V"'^ ^. ^^P"* *° '^°^ uXppy dS- toZtT H-""^''*-''"'^ '^^""^ '^' triumpLf Pro- testants His Eminence recommended in his letter the Bishops to compel, if it were necessarv tbn!! who were guilty in this particular to submU to tW^ 36 PROTESTANT LANDMARKS. fidelibus prohibere non omittant.' (Rescript of 23rd March, 1873.) " We publish herewith this rule of conduct, and we order all those who have charge of souls to ex- actly conform themselves to it, by refusing admis- sion to the Sacrament to all those who read or efficaciously encourage the newspapers in which they take to task or cover with insults the shepherds of souls, because they oppose the dissemination of erroneous principles, reproved by the Sovereign Pon- tiff or by the early Fathers, charged by Jesus Christ to teach all people those holy doctrines which are placed in the bosom of the Church. Especially must the Sacraments be refused to those editors who write such insults, cmd to those who employ them to edit the newspapers of which they are pro- prietors." 1 i a Anything more monstrous, more out of harmony with the spirit of the times, more unlike Christianity, more intolerably Popish, has never been attempted against an unfortunate people. Yet this is Roman- ism undisguised — tho identical Romanism that would, if it dare, again imbrue its hands down to the very elbows in the life blood of " those editors" who have dared to " Avrite such insults." Let any intelligent man ask himself what is the meaning of the sentence we have marked in italics ? From a Roman Catholic standpoint it is something dreadful. To deprive a man of the Sacraments is simply to consign him to the torments of eternal death ; and if Bishop Bourget, in the exercise of that Christian " charity which suffereth long and is kind," can send these unfortunate editors, and printers like Guibord, to the devil with such complaisance, would he not ,1,1. 4-^ INTRODUCTION, 37 rack, in order, if possible, to save them from future .woes. That Dominion statesmen should have at last become aroused to the importance of this ques- tion is, in itself, a gratifying omen. The letter of Sir Alexander T. Gait on " Civil Liberty in Lower Canada " is remarkably opportune. The case is very well put in these word^ : — " I am," he says, " much concerned to observe the attitude taken by the Ultramontane party, not only towards liberal Roman Catholics, but also towards us Protestants. I refer more immediately to the manifesto by the Roman Catholic Bishop of Mont- real, but remotely, though not less directly, to the ecclesiastical pressure which has been put upon the press of the country, and the claim advanced, with ever-increasing arrogance, to the right of the Roman Cathohc Church and its hierarchy to control and direct the scope of political action and public law withm the Province of Quebec, treating it as their own peculiar domain, and regarding us as strangers and ahens, holding no status of our own, but sim- ply tolerated in their midst. The legislation of last session at Quebec on the School question, placing that of Roman Catholics wholly under the control of the clergy, was not re- assuring ; but the repeated and aiTogant interference ot bishops and clergy in elections has seemed to me to threaten the civil rights of all, both Catholic and mtestant, and to require united and vigorous efforts to repress it. There is no question of religious faith involved--let any one worship God as his conscience dictates bnt +.1ia nlnr-nnr ,,^U^AT T»_-j._.i , Latholic, must be forbidden to interfere with secular 38 PROTESTANT LANDMARKS. affairs in any other character than as ordinary citi- zens. It is repugnant to all proper feeling that the tremendous weapons of religious anathema should be lightly used in mere secular warfare, or that the hold over the human conscience entrusted to the minister of God should be exercised for any other purposes than those of piety and moral purity. Nor can it be believed that such a severe and cruel pres- sure is put upon the consciences of our Roman Catholic fellow-subjects for the paltry object of se- curing the ephemeral triumph of a temporary poli- tical party. The conclusion is inevitable, from the nature of the means employed, that a deep-laid plan exists for the coipplete subjugation of Lower Cana- da to ecclesiastical rule, with the view of extending the same baneful influence hereafter to the whole Dominion. In this view, the importance of early and stern opposition to the schemes now being gra- dually disclosed, becomes the duty of all good citi- zens, be they Catholic or Protestant." But +he eflforts of the Romish Church against civil and religious liberty are not to be confined to Lower Canada, as wiU be seen from the following, which we take from the Toronto Olohe of Feb. 22nd, 1876 :— "Spanish Roman Catholic Bishops on Elec- tions. — The Bishops of Catalonia, having been con- sulted by their clergy as to the course of conduct they were to pursue in reference to the elections which were just about to take place, returned the following reply : — " ' Dear Brethren in Christ : " * In gathering up into one question the difierent requests which you have addressed to us in refer- INTRODUCTION. 39 enoe to the course to be followed by all ecclesiastioe in the approaching elections of Deputies, and of the delegates who are to nominate the Senators, we be- lieve it to be our duty to answer you briefly and pointedly as follows : — " * That liberty of worship is condemned in the 77th, 78th, and 79th Propositions of the Syllabus of the reigning Pontiff, the immortal Pius IX. ; that no Catholic can vote for this disastrous liberty, nor send by his vote, to the Cortes, those who are de- termined to establish such liberty of worship in Spain. " * That we are bound in duty to employ every legal means in our power to drive from the Assem- bly and Senate all who cherish such a design. " * And that we must have recourse to every legi- tirrate and honest instrumentality at our disposal to secure that the Spanish people shall be represented in the Legislature only by men who, setting aside all political opinions, are firmly resolved to re-estab- lish, and, in case of need, to defend, religious unity in our dear native country. " ' May God have you in His holy keeping, as we humbly pray. " ' t CONSTANTINE, Archbishop of Tarragona. " ' t Frere Joaquif, Bishop of Barcelona. " ' t Isidore, Bishop of Gironne. " * And for Messrs. the Bishop of Tortosa, and the Vicars-General of Lorida, Vich, and Solsona. "'The Archbishop op Tahragona. " ' Barcelona, 18th January, 1876.' " It is scarcely necessary to say that this docu- ment proclaims in the most absolute and unmia- 40 PROTESTANT LANDMARKS. ■ :lil- takable terms that toleration to any form of reli- gion or worship which is not in accord with the Koman Catholic Church is 'disastrous/ and that every ' good Catholic ' in Spain is bound to elect only those who will * put down ' such toleration and suppress every form of religious dissent, if necessary, by force f arms. Le Nouveau Monde quotes this declaration of the Spanish Bishops with cordial approbation. Is it prepared to recommend the same policy and the same measures for Canada as it thus declares to be best for Spain ? Will Le Noixveau Monde tell us shortly and categorically whether or not it would, if it had the power, suppress all liberty of Protestant worship in Quebec, for instance, or in Manitoba, as it declares ought to be done in the Spanish Peninsula ? Let it say Yes or No ; not Yes and No, and we shall know where we are." The Editor omitted to give what Le Nouveau Monde said in reply, but as this will form a re- markable page in the future histoiy of the Do- minion, we shall put it upon record. Le Monde says : — " Blind with Suisse fanaticism, the Editor of the Witness (Montreal) will not understand the differ- ence that exists between Spain and Canada. It is, however, striking enough. The State in Spain has always been strictly united to the Catholic Church. Catholicism has up to this been the only State re- ligion, and has always formed part of the political and civil constitution of the country; while in Canada there is no State religion, and one has long lived there under the regimie of toleration, which INTRODUCTION. 41 These pra^^* *^^^^ "i« ^^ State religion m that Province. Coming from the asZ: ?hi^>' -^'^'T T "^^ -* — o" 4^ assume that it is as trustworthy and reliable as soured ^^'^ "'"'" ""^ statements from the same reJ^rL'' ^^^fy^^^^j^ making strenuous efforts to regain her past ascendency over the nation. With tMnk%W ^l.'"''*'^^ ^^^^^?*' Protestants must not think that the victory will be an easy one The events comiected with the Revolution of 1 688 demon- 7oitl ^' f f ««^*y of tl^at combined and united action which James II. so much djead^d M^r. J? especially Orangemen, must be intelligent^ alivelg *****^^.*fe«« « J i if 42 PROTESTANT LANDMARKS. the issues of the hour. The Provincial Grand Lodges of Eastern and Western Canada were recently in session ; their proceedings would indicate that they are fully conscious of the importance of the present crisis. The Grand Orange Lodge of Western Ontario has adopted the following resolution : " That in the opinion of the Grand Lodge, the time has arrived when the Orangemen of Canada, without reference to politics or political parties, must unite in one grand political phalanx, in order to stop the encroachments of the Roman hierarchy upon the body politic, and that the following platform be adopted: (1.) Un- swerving and untiring allegiance to the Mother Country and British connection. (2.) ^o grants of money from the public purse for sectarian purposes. (3.) No separate schools, but free secular education for all. (4.) Taxation for all ; taxation of all property held by religious bodies upon its fair assessed value. (5.) The opening of all public institutions in the land, religious or otherwise, to public inspection by Government officials. (G.) That it shall be the duty of the County Master in every Orange County, in the event of a general election or other election taking place, either for the Local or Dominion Par- liament, to submit the platform to the candidate or candidates to ascertain if they will support them or not, and then to call a county meeting before the day of polling, and if neither of the candidates will suppoi-t the said platform, then it shall be the duty of the County Lodge to bring out a candidate." Equally to the point was the speech of the Grand Master of the Orangemen of the Province of Quebec, who said : — " In this Province we have a mighty foe to con- tend against — one which is luaking itseli leit not INTRODUCTION. 4a Lodges itly in at they present Ontario } in the arrived ference e grand hments bic, and 1.) Un- Mother [•ants of iirposes. ucation Toperty i value, in the ;tion by he duty inty, in election Lon Par- idate or them or fore the ites will .he duty be." le Grand Quebec, J to con- i» 1 i i only amongst us, but throughout the Dominion. It behoves you then, my brethren, to arise and quit yourselves like men, when you see the men of both political parties toadying to this wily and insidious enemy, Ultramontanism. Of what use is it to you to meet m your lodge rooms from month to month, and transact the mere routine business of the Order' if you do not by your votes and influence make your representatives to the halls of legislation feel that you have rights to uphold and interests to protect ? And if they permit these rights and interests to be infringed upon, they shall not have your support Let the bond of union which binds us for our com- mon Protestantism be drawn more closely and thereby make our power felt not only for good to ourselves, but for those who are bound by the yoke of a religious system which we consider is a burden and an oppression upon them. Desirous of living at peace with all men, let us cultivate more and more that love which inspires us with kindly feelings to our Ronian Catholic citizens, thus showing to them we are not enemies, but their friends; and, above aU, let us be of that band of freemen whom the truth makes free." At a subsequent stage of the proceedings, the tollowing resolution was unanimously adopted :-— Resolved^'' That in view of recent events, it is the !S^j^^j®^®^^ ^^^^^ British citizen, by both word and deed, to manifest his disapproval of the pre- dominant ecclesiasticism that has brought about such an unconstitutional state of affairs in this Pro- vince, particularly by refusing to vote for any can- didate to the Legislature, Dominion or Provincial, who is not cjear on the point of stout resistance to 44 PROTESTANT LANDMARKS. all sectarian laws, grants of money, or immunity from taxation." We cannot close without referring to the persis- tent efforts that Rome is making to have the educa- tion of the country handed over to her precious keeping. We know only too well what such a course would involve. To entrust the Romish priest- hood with the education of the people is to have the Bible kicked out of the public schools, and as Protestants we are not just yet prepared to submit to anything of the kind. Yet this is part of Rome's programme. With these facts in view, it is clear that theye can- not be an alliance on the part of the members of the Orange Society with Romish Ultramontanes. The loyal men of Canada must set themselves to oppose vigorously the ever-increasing demands of the Papacy, and at the same time to render as nugatory as possible the concessions already made to the pro- fessors of this insatiable system. The safety of our homes, the prosperity and happiness of our country, and the sanctity of our altars demand this ; because the Ultramontane doctrine, publicly declared, is: " No PLEDGE FROM CATHOLICS IS OF ANY VALUE TO WHICH Rome is not a party." Illi lis THE HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF ORANGE: TO WHICH IS ADDED, THE HISTORY OF WILLIAM AND MARY, KINO AND QUEEN OP ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, PEANCE, IRELAND, &G.y &C. BY EICHARD BURTON. FROM THE ORIGINAL EDITION. TORONTO : MAflT.Tr.Al?. ATJn nr\ nTTr>T totttit^o -t-^-s-iJ-r \J\^,, X XJ •L«.UXO£lijlii3, NOTK The principal part of this volume having been written during the lifetime of the great and good King William, the plain and somewhat quaint phraseology of that period is perceptible throughout ; though, in this re- spect, it is likely some modifications were made in our former edition, twenty-two years ago, a circumstance which we regret, as we would prefer now to let the sturdy old historian speak in his own words, rather than in those of the present day. III! TO THE READEE. I AM very sensible that the greatness of the subject is a snf - cient reason to deter me from adventuring to publish my mean endeavours, in relating the glorious and magnanimous achievements of His Majesty's renowned ancestors, as weU as to has own ; or for the excellent conduct of their Majes- ties smce their happy accession to the throne. But because we have such a furious generation of murmurers, who if they had their desires, would ruin both themselves and their country, and reduce us to IVench Popeiy and sUvery : ft deceive those whom these miscreants would delude, since both our eternal and temporal happiness very much d pend" upon the supporting the present government against ^ it. rTd , ™'" '°^"'"- ^ «°™"'»-' folded upln aw ^d justice ;-a government calculated for thesupport of the Protestant inter«t throughout the world, wh«ein wt ouTer r'*^""" °' *^ ""^ -eU-treligJIwi^ ou^e ves, a happiness which we have been deprived of for t^ZZrj ^-^-^ °' '"* -»p4 virtue al: Ztlv Lh "" r""«' ™^ """ profaneness, and con- atantly endeavour to support goodness and modesty which seeued late y designed to be hissed out of the natil; depriveTof ?"""'**'*''''' '"'''"'P''""---'''y»-er fall a sacrifice to our stupendous folly and discontent. p • ii V m iW* i THE HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OP ORANGE. one of tfe moSeif "nd^tS^T'"*^'* not only for its oTP«f «ii ^*^^<^^We in Europe: aIso.by^th;idtuS nt'^fTnTorai.t:'*^' ?f empire of Germanv A^^i^i, iS ^ """^^ *« the the year 1291™n7tW /!■ \^T*" ''y "^""e. i" of the family in a dtw*^r ?"' l"'" -^ ^''•^io'' yea™ past ; Ld amo^them Stho S ^fV"* Count Otho of Nassau mS thTco,™^^' %'?-~°'^ 50 THE HISTORY OF THE Captain-General of Flanders; and afterwards, in 1501, Archduke Philip, going into Spain, constituted him Governor-General of the Netherlands ; an ex- perienced Prince both in war and peace, but dying childless, left his brother John his large territories. This John had two sons : upon Henry, the eldest, he bestowed all his possessions in the Low Countries, and to his youngest son, William, he bequeathed all his inheritance in Germany. By the earnest en- deavours of Heniy Nassau, Charles V. was advanced to the empire, against the pretensions of Francis I., the French King, and at his coronation placed the crown on his head ; and yet when, upon concluding peace between these two monarchs, Henry was sent by the Emperor to do homage to King Francis for the county of Flanders and Artois, that Prince, for- getting former differences, and being fully sensible of his extraordinary merits, married him to Claudia, only sister to Philibert of Chalons, Prince of Orange, by which marriage his only son Kevens, of Orange and Chalons, became Prince of Orange. William Earl of Nassau, brother to Prince Henry, professed the Protestant religion, and expelled Popery out of his territories, and was father to the great William of Nassau, who attained to be Prince of Orange, and Lord of all the possessions of the House of Chalons, by the last will of Revens de Nassau, who died childless. The Emperor Charles V. having a favour for the House of Orange, and received great services from them, was concerned that the young Prince William should be educated in the reformed re- ligion, and therefore took him with much regret from his father, and endeavoured to instruct him in the Romish faith, but afterward the former opinions, which he had sucked in with his mother's ! 'i ' I r: ii HOUSE OF ORANGE. 52 e^sSrT^o'jrta^ir '^ '^-^ an sonTfiTi ^""f °i ^««'^^"' J^'^ f'^ther. had five ItolVerg. ^"'" '•''"S'^'^'^- "^y J"«-a, Countess o? of Smw" tnt^'; "^ ^- \1333, at the castle him \S^ !• ^ y?","S P""«e often furnished hive 2tZT '*'!? ''"^^ '>•' ^>^°"W «l«e never |ncef rat.^Tolrhef Ih! K^*« tJ Sd\t' "ir« ^™«Hrr^ admired b?thTw&ole c^JA^ZT' p' '' "'^ above twenty years nM T u u " ^"°'=^' °o* all the see"J/^^i, ' •°"''* ''^ entrusted with the Low CountriP. f ^ 1 ^""^^ ^'' ^^^^^^^^ of discretion or.^^ ^""J ^""^^^ employ with such 52 THE HISTORY OF THE These magnanimous actions caused the Emperor to recommend the Prince of Orange to Philip II his son ; but his virtue and courage were so emu- lated by the Spaniards, that all his most innocent words and actions were misinterpreted, and the King s will and pleasure in defence of their privi- leges were attributed to his contrivance, which King Philip made him sensible of when he was embarking from Flushing for Spain, charging him with preventing all his private intrigues, with a tunous countenance : and when the Prince mildly rephed that all had been done by the States them- selves, the King, shaking him by the wrist, replied, JNo not the States, but you, you are the occasion X i ^^ ^^"^^^^ reproach in public so dis- gusted the Prince that he suddenly left the King without further ceremony, only wishing him a good voyage and so left him in the middle of Flushing which he knew had much respect for him ; and that which increased the Prince's indignation against the Spanish Government was, that he saw himself deprived of the government of the Netheriands which his predecessors always enjoyed, and Car- dinal Granville, his implacable adversary, put in his place, which proceedings of King Philip dis- obliged both the nobility and the people, who hated wi.^^. 2^ Philip as much as they admired the affabihty ot his father Charies, which was much increased when the States (who much dreaded the Spanish insolency), in a full assembly at Gaunt, desired the King to withdraw his foreio-n troops out of the provinces, and entrust the natives with the fortified places, and not advance loreign ministers to the government. The King was so far incensed thereat, that he ordered his sister, Margaret of Austria, to set up the Spanish HOUSE OP ORANGE. gg •^^honing Z name of ttr'- :'J°' *« P^^Ple. bishops Is memtera of if T'^'f^""'' f"*^ *>>« °«^ highly inceiSed «t^),r- ' ^'^ *'' "°'^''''^y beinjr at length thrPJin^c^TKe'-.'rr''^"''^ Count Egmont sent K,n«d he recalled the CLal out S.t'''--^'"''* "'^"^ vio ent counsek ZhiT "^ "^"^ Countries, his would cerSyitn f r° ,r •''j.^''''''™'! ''^ ''". This, with much reo^et wl. Z '^ ^'"' Provinces." than he, was desimfd TAI^ ""^ '>* *"°ther, worse Alva, w th an aX nf^''"' ^"T' *^'^ ^'oody Duke of the Prince anSltPKr''^^''"^ Italians, which, r?venge for the aSt'SX^ThT > ^^."^^ sued the eovempoo t^ v,„ j^ • . '. ^ he Prince de- ments of SSd ztl= J'^Tr'''? ^'■<"° J^i^ govem- whieh the Duchess rpfni^k^;;''^*' '^"'^ Burgundy his brother^S LodS rt'l^f '''"' *° '"«- u>g suspected to give uZZ'I^T ^"', P'^'^""'' »« be- to take a new ofth of ^ii • ""''''' ^""^ likewise both which L f • J '^'';?'ance to King Philip • that "su h\tMrw;uw''br>.*'^ '^'' ^"«^g^d heretics, and miaht coZ^lf V f ''™ ^ ^^^^^'^ to death, wh" wlu, a C T *f P"' '''^ "^ ^^ should t;ke L^hloM^'^i "^"^ *'"**' ^ 1"^ had broken tKrst" ' '"'^'" "^ *''°"S'>t he the^InqtiSrd th?^ -'^\?f''^-^ for settling hundred genUemen wkh p""^ H*<*P^' "'^""t &"? the head of themTAcrjpi T*t ^^'' °*" ^^^-^au at a petition agaS it »nT "' "^t^' '">^^'^- Presented x^L^.. ..„^''''^t ", and were those who wL„ „t.__ t'^eir plain ap;a":yyCotS^Cont!'rrvf„,l^: 54 THE HISTORY OF THE of the Duchess ; which, though given in scorn, did much advance the confederacy that followed, and strengthened the Prince of Orange's party ; for their petition being absolutely rejected, these gentlemen caused medals to be made, with the King's picture on one side, and a beggar's dish and wallet on the other, with this inscription, " Faithful to God and the King, even to the carrying of the wallet," inti- mating that they were better subjects to the King than Barlemont and his adherents ; and the Prince of Orange, with the other lords, perceiving their petition slighted, consulted their own safety. Most of them were for taking arms to oppose the landing of the Spaniards in the Netherlands, since, by inter- cepted letters, they plainly discovered the design was to ruin and destroy them ; but Count Egmont, governor of Flanders and Artois, opposed it, and being confident of his own good f vices, advised them to rely upon the King's clemi cy and mercy, to which the Prince of Orange replied, that " the King's mercy, upon which he trusted, would be his ruin, and that the Spaniards would make a bridge of him to come into the Low Countries, and then break him ; " at which words, embracing the Count, as if foreseeing they should never meet again, they parted with tears in their eyes. The Prince in- stantly went, with his family, to his town of Breda, only he left his eldest son, Philip, to study in Lou- vain; and after that to Dillemberg, the ancient seat of the Nassaus. Soon after, the Duke of Alva, with an army of old Spanish and Italian soldiers came into the Nether- lands, and Count Egraont waiting upon him, he said aloud, " Behold the great Lutheran ; " yet the Count took no notice of it, but presented him with two fine hordes. The Duke, being arrived at Brussels, pr u- HOUSE OF ORANOE. 55 ?ur'lovL"°"^'''r' ""^^'^^^ ^^ ^^ '"'^e abso- lute governor in all causes whatsoever : he then tr^bk, S '"«°'.^'>OT«f« to inspect into the Deonk of In ^ ^^ '•°P?»''«d a great number of people of all degrees and qualities, and eiehfeen lords and gentlemen were put to death at Brassels and the Counts Egmont and Horn imprisoi^Tand ThT^ll'^^'^'^'i! *''« market-place that cUy the first being much pitied by tte people for hk fond credubty, who rejoiced at theUetyS the Rince of Orange ; and Cardinal Granville who wTb then at Rome, learing of these proceeding asM the messenger whether the Duke had takef Silence which was a name given to the Prince for secrecy oLyiZ "^'tha^^.T'^"^ "°-' Naj^" -^ uranviue. It that fish has esca ^d the npt tho Duke of Alva's draught is nothing ..ortL" ' *' Ihe cruel and barbarous proceedings of this new governor caused a great many to lea^the ^unt^ CounSl of TT^I *" ''PP'^'^^ ^^"'^ the^Io^' reiusal, all their estates were confiscated ■ amoneirU who approved of his reasons, and declared their dislike t theS:' -'"^^ "* '^^ R""^" "^ ^^<'- The «me tor the Princes appeanng being expired, his princi- palities were all declared to be forfe'^ted, a SmiSh ^^'"^^Z^ P-t into Breda, and his mTT„ tamp William, was sent to Spain to be educated £ 56 THE HISTORY OF THE ] !1 the Roman religion, and also for an hostage for his father. And thus King Philip, by these cursed counsels and the rigorous usage of his subjects, was himself the occasion of the loss of the united Netherlands ; who, finding all their privileges violated, and their utter extirpation determined, resolved to throw off this intolerable yoke, and afterwards, in some of their ensigns had this motto, "We will either recover our liberties, or perish in the attempt." And the Prince of Orange observing himself so roughly and unjustly used, being reproached as a public enemy, and exposed to the malice of his implacable adver- saries, having his innocent son and his great estate ravished from him, thought it high time to defend his honour and his life by force of arms, and to en- gage for religion and liberty in the common quarrel of his country. And thereupon he raised an army in Germany, which he sent unto Friesland, under his brothers Lewis and Adolphus of Nassau; and being met by Count Arembergh, with a consider- able force, a battle followed, wherein the Nasso- vians gained a considerable victory, the Span" h army being totally routed and Arembergh him- self with the principal commanders slain, and all their cannon, baggage, and a great sum of money sent to pay the soldiers, taken. This defeat hap- pened in 1568. But Count Lewis enjoyed this vic- tory very little, for the Duke of Alva pursuing him, fell upon him just at the time when the Germans were all in a mutiny for their pay, who rather chose to be miserably slain than to defend themselves : so that six thousand were killed or drowned, Adolphus hardly making his escape. The Prince, nothing discouraged at this misfor- tune, raisfid n.nnfliAr nvrmr nf fixrarifv ■oiclif +1.^-.^««^J HOUSE OP OEANOE. 57 wwlTf S^T^'"^'^ P"''''^''^'^ <" declaration, wnerem he cleared his innocence of those crimeM & if rf^r/'"?;.1r^"S *« Duke'and'Th: W)uneil ot Blood with the causes of the war and suSd rt l.^v^'^V^,*'' "^^""^ shore, which so ST,t *>,^"''? °f Al^% that he would not be- an^nLv of S ;iT°f ' "•^■"' ^x,"' <*° "o* *hink them onerea Alva battle, which the other declined qn after twenty-nine several attempts to engSm to a combat, and the cities not revolting to^X Princ^ as he expected, and the Germans beiSg agafn r™dv to It-"^ V ' '"'"'* "^ P^y- " ^»« thouKdvTble tl r.'Tf ^v.'- T7' P^>:^?S P^^ of *«ir arrea,« by the sale of his plate, artillery, and baggage and en fSr tI''"'"''P''i^'^ °' Orange toKwef offi." Te routed 'J'r'"'^"'' ^^'^^o'^ ^eir disbanding, ne routed eighteen companies of the enemv's font and three hundred hor«e of the SpanS near Cambray ; most of the commanders bdZ teken «ri sonei^, and the Duke of Alvas son sJSn.^ ^'" P"" P^„' , ^if^""'=« .''"d Jiis two brothere went into France to the assistance of the Protestants aga ns? successful in several encounters, and at length bv the advice of the great Admiral de Coligny, he gave bv Tea W wW^b ''"''*"f ' *" "^^^' *^« SpLar^ 1^ S I'l ^ \„ ""^'"^ '"' soon became master of all Holland and Zealand. The Germans being driven out of the Netherlands, the Duke of Alva^as "f he had conspired to lose these countries in, wi,?lr^„.? new taxes, even the tenths of all goods"and'-'estoteT 58 THE HISTORY OF THE which SO enraged the people, Lhat were already nearly ruined by the war, that upon the privateers (who were sent abroad by the Prince's commission) taking ^e town of Brill, a port in Zealand, eight cities in Uolland, and all the cities in Zealand except Middle- burgh, declared for the Prince of Orange ; and Flush- ing, a considerable city, being animated by the pnest at ma^s, on Easter-day in the morning, turned out the Spanish garrisons in such fury, that they hanged Alvarez, kinsman to the Duke of Alva. And William, Count of Bergen, at the same time took several other towns in Friesland, and, which most astonished Alva, Lewis of Nassau, by the assist- ance of the French, took Mons, the chief city of Hainault. Meanwhile, the Prince of Orange, with an army of eleven thousand foot and six thousand horse,marched to Louvam, which presented him with sixteen thou- sand crowns, and was received into Mechlin, and from thence came within sight of Alva's army which was strongly fortified, yet the Prince resolved to torce his intrenchments, or oblige him to a battle, which, whilst he was consulting, he received advice of the horrid massacre at Paris, whereby he lost the Admiral de Chastillon and many other of his dearest friends, together with all hopes of any more relief from France ; so that not being able to oblige the Duke to a battle, and doubting the French com- manders, who were his chief strength, should desert him upon the news of the bloody massacre, he wrote to his brother Lewis to make terms for delivering up Mons, then besieged by Alva ; and then with slow marches retreated to the Rhine, yet with some loss and danger ; for a detachment of Spanish horse and foot breaking into his camp in the night, killed and burned flll befor*^ +ijo»v» n.^ *«^ — i,: x ±. HOUSE OF ORANGE. 69 where he wa^ fast asleep ; but a Httle dog which used to he on Jus bed, never left barking and scratching his face till he had waked him, so that leaping out ot his bed, and perceiving the peril he was in, he liastened to his men, who were now coming to his rescue, and fell upon the Spaniards so furiously that most ot the party, which were about a thousand horse and foot, were cut off in their retreat. After which the Prince dismissed his army and came into HoUand ; these States, with those of Zea- land, having already acknowledged him for their governor, and taken an oath to stand by him with tneir lives and fortunes. But though the Prince had the full power of the government m his own hands, yet he acted in aU matters m the name of the States,and by his extreme diligence, m four months' time he had provided a fleet of one hundred and fifty sail, well rigged and manned m the port of Flushing ; who for ten years atter did unspeakable damage to the Spaniards, and were never but once worsted by them. He likewise banished aU Romish superstitions out of the churches, that difference m rehgion aight render them more irreconcilable to their old adversary. But the Duko of Alva having retaken Mons, sent his son to reduce some other cities in Holland and Uuelderland, and because the town of Haarlem had tormerly received the Prince of Orange, after the Duke had reduced it by famine, whereof nearly thirteen thousand died, he made a dreadful example ot this place, the Spaniards first hanging the gover- nor, and for several days together hanging and drowning the ministers, magistrates and people of the city, to the number of near two thousand, which Dutchenes made the Hollanders to be more rp°f>l\r-d and obstinate against them ; so that the other towns 60 THE HISTORY OF THE made a more vigorous defence for fear of falling into the hands of such cruel bloodhounds. Soon after the i)uke of Alva wa^ recaUed out of the Netherlands' and Lewis Requesones, of a milder temper, was sent to succeed him, King Philip now finding that rigour and barbarity did but enrage the Netherlands, and made them more averse to his government This new governor had the fortune, at his arrival, to be an eye-witness of the defeat of his master's fleet by that ot the Pnnce of Orange ; but yet was more fortu- nate by land ; for Prince Lewis of Nassau having brought a fourth army out of Germany, of seven thousand foot and four thousand horse, was defeated by the Spaniards near Nimmeguen ; the Germans according to their usual custom, calling for their pay just as the battle began, and thereby were the rum of themselves as well as of their general's honour ; the Prince Lewis, with his brother. Prince Henry, and the Count Palatine being all three killed m this fight. Upon which victory the Span- iards besieged Leyden, and reduce I it to very ieat extremity, so that they were ready to capitulate; but the Prince having an account of their condition, t)y letters tied to pigeons and sent into the town resolved to make the utmost effort possible to relieve It ; and having provided two hundred flat-bottomed boats, ot tourteen or sixteen oars, and two guns a-piece which he filled with seamen and provisions when all things were prepared, the Hollanders broke down the dam that kept out the sea, which there- upon entered with such fury into the country, that It was overwhelmed with water, and the camp of the Spaniards was overflowed, so that the city received supphes forty miles off* by water ; and the Spaniards having sunk their cannon, after four months' fruit- less xa^-our were forced to raise the siege, being pur- HOUSE Oi ORANGE. gj vSv tW V ul *•>« iM-dation, erected a uni- Ind Svileges '""'''^"^ ^"^ "^P^^ ^«^«"^« Zu?d"tlee'T7fr^*''-'T K^q^^^ones reduced ^uiuer z,ee , but the Spaniards and Germans fal1in - ^^^^-^ ehat ttrXhld^tithSTero^^ait^ rte Spanish government, now declared thT^L- j STo^f ^^i""* -tt andtuKt: c^e^renf T ^^ u their assistance; all the provin- mg their country from Spanish slavery This han SnanWH?/- °®^' ^*° «*^ *e bottom of the toTS,l J'^T''^,*i°?''"y^°^«^''™ed them not Germans should denari, nnt. „f ti.T??'"'*', ^?<* several of the provinces again 'submittedTEng' V^Sa H i •I h' ^ ii 62 THE HISTORY OF THE :fT Philip; the Prince of Orange, with the States of Holland and Zealand, protesting against their pro- ceedings, especially as to the articles about religion. But Don John was no sooner settled in his govern- ment, being received with much magnificence at Brussels, but he quickly made good the Prince's premonitions, for he seized upon Namur and Charle- mont, and sent for the foreign troops. Whereupon, the States finding themselves deluded, they resolved to oppose him by arms, and having demolished the Castle of Antwerp, they joined with the Prince of Orange, and sent to desire his presence at Brussels, where he was received with all kinds of joy, and the acclamations of the people, and declared Governor of Brabant, and superintendent of the revenues of the provinces. The States General having declared Don John of Austria the public enemy of their country, he there- upon recalled the Italians and other foreigners, who were banished by the perpetual edict, as it was called, and with them defeated the army of the States at Gemblours, though this loss was recom- pensed by the surrender of the famous city of Am- sterdam eight days after, which was then united to the body of Holland. In the year 1579, the Prince of Orange laid the foundation of the republic in the Low Countries, by the strict union he made between the provinces of Gueldres, Zutphen, Holland, Zeeland, Friesland, and the Ommelands, consisting of twenty-five articles, the chief whereof was, " That these provinces should mutually assist each other against the common enemy, and not treat of war or peace without general consent." This was called the' Treaty of Utrecht, because signed in that city ; and to show that union was absolutely necessary for their preservation, the ™| HOUSE OF ORANGE. ^3 States took this for thpir Tn^*+« »r\ But the Prinee fin-V]f,?°T*™*'„''8s grow great." ine- sent tn\i^^-^ ^''''^ ' ^"^^ commissioners be- ing sent to him, it was soon aereed fhnf +>. J • provmces of Holland, ZeelanT Brab^t fc '"^ without the Zsent of th7^?^"'', "^ P™f«™ent8 should endea^ur ?n tJ ■ ^^*^' 'f*^^- *'^''t " he he should 13 atelyiS LT''*' ^^^^/^^^^^ they be fully absolved from pn' ?r?'"«'g"'y. ^^ and be at lib^ tJlct^anoUefsS^*^. ''•"'' been sent for some tZTpf ^^""^''y. who had 64 THE HISTORY OF THE »i bestowed on him by his father, Charles Y, and de- claring him to be a rebel, heretic, hypocrite, like to Cam and Judas, of an obdurate conscience, a villain the head of the Netherland troubles, a plague to Christendom, and an enemy of all mankind • " de- claring further, "That he did prosecute and banish him out of his countries and estates, forbidding any ot his subjects to converse with or relieve him giv- ing all his estate to those that would take it' pro- mising, upon the word of a King, and a;s the minister of Ahnighty God, that if any would deliver him alive or dead, or else take away his life, he would give to him or his heirs five thousand crowns of gold and the free pardon of aU the crimes that he had before been guilty of; and if they were not noble, to make them so, and to reward all that shaU assist them therein; and likewise that aU his adherents should be banished, and their lives and estates given tor a prey to any that would take them." The Prince of Orange made a very smart apology in answer hereunto, wherein he fully vindicates himself from all the crimes objected against him proving at large, " That all the miseries of the Netherlands ought to be imputed to the Council of fcspam, who endeavoured to reduce those countries to absolute slavery, both as to religion and civil liberties and acting more like madmen than politicians, and like that foohsh King Rehoboam, following the siUy advice of a weak woman, and Cardinal Granville the Pope s creature, telling the King that his father had chastised the people with whips, but the son ought to whip them \5r1th scorpions, and therefore they en- deavoured to bring in the inquisition, and the new bishops which were the occasion of aU these com- motions. And as to his taking arms against his sovereign, he showeth. that H^nrAr Ttn«far>4 ^f HOUSE OF OBANQE. 65 M ) fS Castile, the King's great grandfather, had with hia lawful brother, and possessed his kingdom, whSe Zy^^l^J^^^ ^'^•'^^ enjoyldit'to tSs aay. And that there was a reciprocal bond between aPnnce a«d a subject, and if the Prince infnWs aiat the Ku.g of Spain was admitted to be Dl^e of Brabant, upon certain conditions which hrLd Zn Ty^r'f*^' T^ y«* '^'^ notorio^ly vioUtedl and if the nobihty did not endeavour by anus fsince S^fend '^^^rT^T "^.^ ^°""<1> *° preser^i^l ^n^v n^^ .l'l'«rt"es, they ought to be counted States of tie countiy. And whereas the Kins had aoubt ot Gods protection, yet certainly he could hoZ.'" r^'^^^" g«°tleman by ^e^^ of mS Itl°r^^ ^ '" ^"^"^ and'^iSfamous to muraer a man for money, except thev were moh Spamards who, being des-''?d, iis he had been inknic^ but was stUl hindered. Th, prince, having dined went towards his withdrawi^ room, showiuob; .^^ thTSe^h^Xni'""" the cniefties of the Spaniard^ m the JNetherlands, wrought in tapestrv. The mur- derer, having placed himself in a window ofTh.- M discharged his pistol at the hinder partThis hefd tKn f ""f ^'T"^ ^'' ^<^' ^* *^«^ «.mel^stl^t t^!» ri "V"*^''*"* '" "*■ ^^^ ^^''^t, it being so^r ^ff^u! t'r*^r^ ^* the w^r^d, buUg his the MW ! ^'^' '^'^ ^■'r'^^g °"« °f ^^ teeth, no^e w^hnTr^r"* °l^'' '<'** cheek, near the nose, without hurting his tongue. Tlijs terrible t^eT»l?,"'¥'^' •• ^' P''*"'''"* were amazed, and 0™ of the halberdiers m a rage thrust the villain through was quickly known to belong to Anastro who wm imprisoned together with the monk The fS Teonh?^' '."* '^' ^™'' together with the cl^.' dWero^ twl^ T'fPJ™««« wound was somewhat W 1?^' *•''' bleeding of the jugular vein could &orlir;""T ''!, '^P^^- *il™'«y "o^trived, ed sholTlH^r together several pei^ons appoint-' andT„„ „h'^.t'>T. *T'?« upon the wound night was oZ; "Vn" ?A^"f " 'K"^'^'"^ '"Id ti'e danier was over. At nrst the French were thought to have il { I , ( 1 p iil I It ! 70 THE HISTORY OF THE committed the act; but the Prince of Orange, though weak, writing in his own hands to the ma- gistrates of Antwerp, to let them know it was a Spaniard, they at length were satisfied. The grief of the great city was extraordinary upon the Prince being wounded, the magistrates commanding fasts to be kept to pray for his recovery, and their joy was great when they heard that he was out of danger. The Prince of Parma, governor of the Spanish Netherlands, concluded he was dead, and sent mild letters to several cities to surrender to him. After this the Duke of Anjou, envying the power of the Prince of Orange, which he thought eclipsed his own, and not enduring to be a Sov- ereign only in name, with such a limited authority, by the advice of some of his young dounsellors, he resolved to seize u] on tiie principal places in the Netherlands— that is, Antwerp, Bruges, Dunkirk and Dendermond— upon pretence that the people of Antwerp had encompassed his palace with design to murder him. The two last he took possession of, but the citizens of Bruges and Antwerp defended themselves with so much courage, that the French were killed in such heaps before the gates, as pre- vented those without from entering in to their relief. The Flemings had some suspicions the Prince was concerned in the attempt, which was somewhat oc- casioned by his fourth marriage with Louise de Coligny, a French lady ; but he perceiving it, and that the States party grew every day weaker in the Walloon provinces, retired into Holland, where he thought himself more secure, and his life less ex- posed to the bigoted Papists, and settled at the city of Delph, where Henry Frederick, grandfather to our present gracious Sovereign, was bora. HOUSE OF ORANGE. n The Duke of Anjou's party being defeated, he was obliged to restore those p4es of which he had made himself master; and ^returning into Fmnce died soon after, some say of poison, ?ther^ of mew vexation for this inglorious enterprise. enJmv f^^^^"^' it'f?'"^ i^^^y ^^ ^0 greater andfb.?., K^*"'^'* ^^^^^^ ^°<=« o* Orange, and that he being gone they should attain thfii^ „,./.'iP'^'' ^"^ enslaving the Netherlands, they used aU manner of base and treacherous practices to murder and destroy him, which they too sTc- cessMly effected in the manner following'!^ In May tnfhip'-"""^^'!!"^ about twenty-sefen, coming to the Prmce s Court at Delph, delivered him a lettef as he passed along; the Prince demanding whence It came, the youth, being of a seeming ^ii^S countenance, replied that it was his own ktoand contained matter of concernment for the service of the country; it was subscribed "Francis Guyon" Ihe Pnnce went away, and the next day the fellow bfw^/ "T"''' "'• «f tl^e Prince's that he JZ fwT ..'■^'^ '""'"'^^ *° *"^^er of his letter, and dttver b^'^h'"''"' «*'^'^"-, things of importance to discover both concerning the country and religion Hs couS ''r"« ''?'''\9' "' commanded o^Toi flis council .0 examme him, to whom he gave a hit CTf °* Ws pretended adventures^^nd that he had procured several blanks ("which he wf ril'bL ''r\^'^'''^'''^fs siat which were given him for the use of nassports for victuallers, but might be sei-viceable to tEe Prince XI '*'"''' !f '^?'""'^- The Prince recovered ae wUh tr'P°'^^''.!°l".'""8 *<> '■•y ^o-ne experiment ?:'* .*AT,' ''"I byjhis means he became so familiar av ^.uui t, inai tUe i-rince, some days after havino- .Tn account of the death of the Duke^of Tnjiu, Te^nt f ! 72 THE mSTORY OF THE for this villain into his chamber, to inquire some- thing of him, while he was in bed, and the wretch afterwards confessed in prison that if he had then had a dagger or penknife he would have certainly slam him then. After this he came constantly to prayers and sermons, and was observed to read Du Barth s works, particularly the history of Judith and Molofemes, where there are certain persuasions and encouragements to cut off tyrants ; sometimes he borrowed a Bible of the porter upon pretence of re- ligion, so that at last he went about the Court with- out suspicion. Awhile after the Prince ordered him to be sent to Count Biron into France, to try if he could make any advantage of the passports, upon which he desired money to buy shoes and stockings being in an ill condition. The Prince ordered him' ten or twelve crowns. Next day he bought a pistol ? T® ^{ *^® ^"^^^' ^^* finding it did not shoot true, he bought two more, which were according to his mmd. After this he watched when the Prince went down to the hall to dinner, and demanded a passport of him, but in such a hollow and confused voice that the Princess asked what he was, for she did not like his countenance. The Prince told her his business After dinner, the Prince going out of the hall, the viUam stood behind a pillar in the gallery, with his cloak on one shoulder, having two pistols under his left arm, holding in his right hand a paper like a passport, as if to have the Prince sign it. As the Pnnce passed along, having one foot upon the first step of the stairs, the traitor, advancing, drew forth one of his pistols so suddenly, that he was not per- ceived till the blow was given ; the three bullets wherewith the pistol was charged entering in at his left side and commg out of his right, through the ■iJ. HOUSE OP ORANGE. 73 seU hurt, said only thus : "0, my God, take pity of my «nn ■ I/"Jf »« ^o^ded : my God, take pit/of my fc^^t. °^*''J\P°» P-^ople ;" after whie£ hebeg^^ a^d^fv^"* ^" Sen'leman mher supported hfm! and set hmi upon the stairs. The Countess of Swartzenburg, his sister, asked him if he did not recommend ks soul to Jesus Christ ? He answered 1! es and never spoke a word more, dying in a few mmutes after. The murderer endeavou^fo^scapr but bemg taken and told he was a wicked trdtTr to endeavour to kill the Prince " I am no tr^t^ '^L^ iie, but have done what the King of Suain com mailed me, and if I have not slailhlrS"^ mv U-fortune," After this he freely co^essed the whole matter aJid that he had done it byae in! thfpril *^/^"'*« ^d the encouragement of l.i T^ °^ F^'^' '^^° assured him of the reward promised to the assassinator by the King of mliZ^}^ ^""^^ """"* f particular and tremendous s^tence was pronounced agamst him by the judges - ITiat Baltazar Gerrard (which he confessed was his true name) should be laid upon a sSdin the market-place of Delph, to have his rihThand wherewith he committed that execrable feed, torn wth two burmng hot pincers, and the Uke to Ite done in six several parts of his body as his arm, thighs, and seveml other fleshy Srht pri^' members to be cut ofl; and he toUquarte?^ Tv^ a Dol^n^A '1^'*'^ *?^ ""* °fi"' '^'l to b« set upon k£«?Ti ^ ^''toh-tower behind the Prince's lodgings ; his four quarters to be hanged upon gib- bets upon the four bulwarks of the town''^ "Cs sentence," said the.iudees. " we think fif ri;.„„„.i„ agamst this wicked murderer; for "haW^"(toThe i :l l» !■ it 3 ■ I Ul f !i 74 THE HISTORY OF THE great grief and sorrow of all good men) committed a most execrable crime and abominable treason upon the person of so famous and renowned a Prince as the Prince of Orange was, for which he ought in nowise to remain unpunished, but rather, with all ngour and severity, to be made an example to future ages." Having notice of his death, he was first astonished, cursing the hour of his birth, and wishing he had never learned the wicked principles of the Jesuits at Dole, but had still been a mean tradesman, and not fallen into this folly ; « but since it is done," said he "there is no remedy, and I must now suffer for it." This dreadful sentence was fully executed ; and yet, m all his torments, he never cried out, nor seemed to be m any pain ; yea, smiled at an accident that hap- pened m the midst of his tortures, having often boasted that he would not show the least sign of lear. Thus died the renowned William, Prince of Orange, at fifty-one years of age. He was of an active spirit and a strong memory, and his wisdom, con- stancy, magnanimity, his courage, patience, and la- bours, were all so extraordinary, that they are rather to be admired than described ; a person in whom concurred a solid judgment to undertake so great and difficult an enterprise, and an unparalleled courage to carry it on, and a very great constancy to finish the freedom of his country against the mighty power of Spam and the treacheries of many of his own countrymen ; so that the States and people of the ^Netherlands, who had so often experienced his con- duct and magnanimity in their most pressing ex- tremities, admired his virtues, which scarce ever be- fore met m one person, bewailTv,,7 him as if no crre\a.i.ar o -v^«« ^Kyx^yj. J.1CKVC uuiu/iion wieiu IQ IRIS WOild, liji •m HOUSk OF ORANGE. 75 and solemnized his fur oral with aU imaginable ma^cence, that being the last honour they could pay to his glorious memory. He had four wives, by whom he had four sons and eight daughters. ° ^^'^nf-i]?^'^^^'^ ""^ ^^-^^^^ ^as eldest son to the great William Prmce of Orange, PhiHp II., King of Spam, I ing lus godfather, who, when his father was compelled to take armn in his own defence, was a student at the university of Louvain, and was taken thence by force, to the infringement of the liberties ot the place, notwithstaiuUng all the protestations of the rector to the contrary, and the complaints of the Prince, his father, who publicly exclaimed against the cruelty of the Spaniards, since no privilege nor innocence of age could secure any from their tyranny and mjustice. He was carried from thence into Spain at thirteen years of age, and educated in the Roman Oathohc religion, where he continued a prisoner about thirty years, during which his gaoler presuming to speak abusively of the proceedings of his father, the i-nnce, who mherited his gallant temper, not enduring his insolent discourse, took him roand the middle and throwing him out of the window, broke his neck! 1 He King of Spam consulted with his Council what punishment to inflict for this great action; but at length, by the interposing of a generous young Spa- niard, whowas present,and affirmed that the captain's 111 conduct was the occasion of his death, it was passed over. But at length, in hope to create some jealousies between his brother Maurice and himself, King t'hilip released him and sent him into Flanders, wher? fi! ^l^^i^^, great state with the Spanish governor of the Netherlands, at Brussels, and wa.s ftmnlnvpd h.r tiie Kmgto conduct into the Netherlands^ his bride ■ ) hi i i I 76 THE mSTORY OF THE and spouse that was to be, the Infanta Isabella, to whom King Philip had given in dowiy the sover- eignty of the seventeen provinces. This was a very- astonishing poHcy to aU the Netherlands, that the son of a Prince who was so abhorred by the Spa- niards should be chosen for this honourable employ- ment, and caused such a jealousy in the States of the United Provinces towards him (the King of Spain having likewise restored to him all his estate in the Spanish Low Countries and the Tranche Comt^), that they would not allow him to make any visit, much less to reside, in any of then- provinces, though he was very desirous so to do; and though his younger brother, Prince Maurice, out of his generous temper, surrendered up all the great estate that be- longed to Philip, his elder brother, at Breda and other places, yet, to prevent his being suspected by the States General, he declined seeing him in person, rendering his respects to him constantly by persons deputed thereunto. He married Eleonora de Bour- bon, sister to the Prince of Cond^, and, by matching with a Princess of the blood, he was reinstated in his prmcipality of Orange, and died without children, at Brussels, m 1618, leaving his inheritance and title to his brother. Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange, successor to his father, both in conduct, courage and success, who being but seventeen years old at the death of his father, was yet called to the government, and was no ways discouraged at the great successes of .Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma, who, in a very short time, had reduced several cities and towns to the Crown of Spam, nor with the insolence of the Earl of Leicester, who, at the desire of the States General, was sent by Queen Elizabeth to be their governor, though, by ijis iri,j«j_r|^v/iv;awic jjiiuu twiu amoition, ne more en- HOUSE OF ORANGE. 77 damaged the Low Countries than the succours he brought reHeved them, so that for four years toge- ther that commonwealth laboured under dreadful convulsions, occasioned by the intrigues of the Eari of Leicester and the policies of the Spaniards, till at length, by the fortunate and total destruction of the nicknamed mvincible Spanish Armada, designed to have devoured all England, the Prince of Paraia lost aU his reputation at once ; Prince Maurice, about the same time, obligmg him, to his everlasting shame, to nse and run away from the siege of Bergen-op- Zoom, and for twenty years after, even till the tune ot the truce, fortune was so favourable to the Prince that victory seemed to attend him, insomuch that he recovered near forty cities and many more for- tresses, and in three pitched battles defeated the forces of the Kmg of Spain, besides the victories his admirals obtained at sea upon the coast of Flanders and bpain. The stratagem by which he surprised J3reda w;as very remarkable, for the garrison of that town bemg Italians, and greedy of fuel in that cold countnr, they very readily assisted the boatman to draw his bark of turfs over the ice within the castle walls, under which the Prince had laid several armed soldiers, who suddenly starting up, surprised and soon seized the guai'ds, taking possession of the castle with the loss only of one man, though it were an action of such danger and impori^ance. Soon alter the town of Geri;rudenberg was surrendered to S! J^?!."" ^^^ °^ *^^ ^P^^«^ ^^y> consisting ot thirty thousand men, commanded by Count Mans- beldt^^an experienced general, who could not force the Rince out of his trenches, though he daily pro- voked him ; so that Prince Maurice, having sent a trumpeter to -fche Count, he asked him how his mas- ter, bemg a young and fiery irrince, could contain m \m 11 78 THE HISTORY OF THE himself vn\hm his trenches after such fair provo'- cations. . ; trumpeter replied, that the Prmce of Nassau wa^ a. j oun^ Prince, but as old and expe- nenced a general as his Excellency The next year the Prince took Groning, the capi- tal city of that Province ; also Rhineburg, Meurs rL T'n?^.^'''""^^ ^'^^ reputation by the defence of Ostend; for the Spaniards having made ^emselves masters of it after a siege of three years, ^th a loss of sixty thousand men, and the expense of above a hundred millions of treasure, they were possessed of nothing but a heap of ruins, more like Jy^^fS^^ ^^^"".^ ^^*y' ^^^ *^« Prince soon And f f?^ w?f ' ^ f^^ ^^ ^^^ ^«^*«^ importance. And at the battle of Newport he had such great si^ess against far more numerous forces than his own, that the Archduke Albert, with several other persons of quality, were wounded ; all the Spaniards' cannon, with above one hundred cornets and en- signs, faUmg into the victor's hands, with the slaugh- Z vJ'^ f o^«a«d of the enemy upon the place ; 1^ ^^^f.^^^i^g before the fight sent away all the ships that transported his men into Flanders, telling m w .lit '''''^ ^^""^ ^^' ^^ ^^y *« ^«cape, but they must either march over the bellies of thei^ enemies, TJZ^ll 'f.-^^^'"' ^ter several other successes agams the Prince of Parma and other Spanish generals, whereby he raised up the sinking Lab- ile of the united Netheriands, he died in 1625 He was never married, and left his titles and large pos- sessions to his younger brother, Henry Frederick of reno^ed WiUiam, Prmce of Orange. He was bom m 1584, and was an excellent general, not in the east degenerating from the courage and gaUantiy of that heroic family, being every wav eaual in fL. HOUSE OF ORANGE. 79 to his brother, Pnnce Maurice, taking the famous cities of Odousel and GroU, in despite of the Spa- nish general, who, with a numerous army, was not able to relieve it ; nor was he less successful at sea, his Vice-Admiral Hein taking a fleet of the Spa- niards near Cuba, m the West Indies, valued at about T^^'X millions. After this he took Bois-le-Duc which had withstood all the attempts of his brother Maurice, and would not be drawn away till he had reduced it, though Count Henry of Bergnes, the bpanish general, made an incursion into the pro- vince of Utrecht to divert him : and afterwards happily suiyrised the city of Wessel, where the magazine of provisions, and aU the great artillery ot the Spanish army, were laid up. About this time, Count John of Nassau, his kins- man upon some discontent revolting to the Spa- mards, was defeated by one of the Prince's captains near the Rhine, m the open field, with half his number of men, himself being carried prisoner to Wessel from whence he could not be redeemed without the payment of eighteen thousand rix dollars ; to revenge which dishonour. Count John when at liberty, endeavoured with a strong navA^ of ships to seize the town of WilUamstadt, but was totally defeated by the Hollanders, and four thousand prisoners taken, and the rest either killed or drowned ; he himself and the Prince of Brabangon hardly escaping. ^ The States General, to testify their gratitude to Henry, Prince of Orange, for the great services he had performed about this time, by a public edict, declared that aU the dignities, honours and emplov- ments which he then enjoyed shall descend to his eldest son. Prince WiUiam ; the instruments whereof Oftin o* ar«»"»3im — — ■> ^ ^ -^ ■- ^■ —I VAA »_V TT Jtr up anvi scaled hy the States, were pre- ■■■ -f i ' ll ll 1 ^ i !■ J 80 THE HISTORY OF THE sentedto the young Prince in aboxof gold. After this, Prince Henry continued still more successful, taking the towns of Ruremond, Vuelo and Strall ; and lastly, undertaking the siege of Maestricht, where he sur- rounded his trenches with such strong circumvalla- tions, that both the Spanish and German forces were obliged to march away with dishonour, and leave him the honour of reducing so important a place. Divers other prosperous attempts he made, at his retaking the fort of Skink Scans, and regaining the castle and city of Breda, which the Marquis Spinola had been a whole year in taking, with vast loss and expense, and yet the Prince now reduced it, to his immortal honour, in four months ; and as favourable was his fortune at sea, where Admiral Tromp, falling upon a numerous fteet of the Spaniards in the Downs, of sixty-seven men of war, destroyed the greatest part of them, to the number of forty ships sunk, wherein about seven thousand men were lost, and two thousand carried prisoners into Holland, amongst whom was the great gallion of Portugal, called "Maria Theresa," carrying eight hundred men, whereof not one escaped. In 1641, Prince William, only son of the Prince of Orange, married the Princess Mary, eldest daughter to King Charles I., and soon after Prince Henry gained the strong fort of Hulst, in Flanders, which the Spaniards were not able to relieve. Thus it may be observed, that William, Prince of Orange, laid the foundations of the commonwealth of Hol- land ; Prince Maurice, his son, fixed and strengthened them by his victories ; and Henry Frederick, the younger brother, by continuing his conquest and enlarging their territories, at length compelled the Spaniard to renounce his nretended rio'ht ovey ." 'JSE OP OEANOE. 81 fe f , "^ ^fPO^'edge them an independent ^ M*""^* ■> '"> *•>«■" "^y the tMe of the High and Mighty t^. -..aGeneml of the United ProvincS so tliat by th swords of the iUustrious H~f Orange thr. . at republic was tot founded, which IS now arrived to that gi^ndeur so as to send am- Ss Vrh ?r' *«™^ ^* the most potent Si,- ,'„ aeaih, the Lords States General' "of " Holiaid"'a;^| I !i! 1 11 MH ' «r|«f-" f- ^EBI^ f ^ 1 ' ■nH i ^^H Mjgi-,«B I^Ss§:il lliiii 11 1 ^2 THE HISTORY OF THE Zealand, and of the cities of DeKt, Leyden, and Am- sterdam, being his godfathers. William Henry of Nassau, Prince of Orange, was endowed with all the noble and virtuous qualities of his ancestors of the illustrious House of Orange, which seemed designed by Heaven to be the protectors of religion and liberty for several ages. His Majesty's glorious predecessors being the founders and estab- lishers, and himself the restorer of the half-ruined Batavian republic, as well as the deliverer of these three kingdoms from the utmost danger of Popery and slavery. This excellent Prince suffered many affronts by Bameval's party, revived in the persons of the De Witts expecting, with inimitable patience, the advancement to those honours and dignities which of right belonged to his family, and which, by the decree of a prevailing faction, he was deprived of presently after the death of his father. But King Lewis, his inveterate enemy, did, acci- dentally, very much to contribute to his exaltation ; for having in 1672, like a rapid torrent, overrun the flourishing Batavian republic, he thereby gave op- portunity to the Prince to discover to the world the spirit of his ancestors, in recovering the united pro- vinces from the ruin which seemed to attend them by the success of that King, even beyond his hopes, nay, almost his wishes : which put that people into such a consternation as occasioned them to complain of the unhappy conduct of Cornelius and John De Witt, who had then the sole management of all affairs, and to believe that none but the glorious House of Nassau was capable to support their tot- tering state in this age against their potent French enemies, as they had formerly rescued them from the tyranny of Spain. HOUSE OF OHANGE. S3 . ^either was the grandmother of the Prince want mg to engage the favourers of that f aL> to eX tered, which her Highness managed with a c ara^n a«d magnanimity above her sex, fo thTt being awa|! enedbyher remonstrances.they began to consKow wealth were bestofred upZtCL^o? b^om": and being seconded by the rage of the cTrnmoMh^' Khf^tlS^aS, in^th*i'^i^^--Tf ^i to depute Monsieur Beveming, Johl DeWitt „nd ura.nge m the dignities belonging to his ancestors of captam and admiral-genend of tEe uni eTprovSef who, having accepted the same, and taken h°™' presently went upon action against the French : hty of their magistrates, seeing their frontier towns and gamsons fall daUy into thf handsTtheir^c tonous enemies, and at Dort they raised a da^Lou; ToZ ""^ '•T?^^«'l that his Highness thT& of Orange should be advanced to the stadthoIderaHn abo, as judging it absolutely necessary for the 3 un ind ' T'- Z^'"^ '^" ^"t ^'^ instantly draw^ ^=l1f»elrrX^7a^\«^^^^^^ same power and authority tU U ancttok ^ 1' ! IH if i ill :.. " I 84 THE HISTORY OF THE the fleet, and being desired to sign the Act, replied "he would never do it ;" nor could all the persuasions of his friends, nor the menaces of the multitude, who were ready to break into his house, nor the tears of his wife, who was sensible of his danger, prevail upon his obstinate temper, till she threatened to show herself to the people and declare her own and children's innocency, and abandon him to the fury of the ungovemed populace, which soon after occa- sioned his tragical death ; for they being fully per- suaded that he and his brother John were real ene- mies to the Prince, and a certain surgeon having charged Cornelius that he had made a private pro- posal to him to take away his Highness's life, he was thereupon imprisoned, and upon trial was sen- tenced to forfeit all his dignities and employments, and to be for ever banished out of the territories of Holland and West Friesland. The people, who accounted the Prince to be their protector and deliverer, believed his judges to be partial in punishing so great a crime with so easy a judgment, and the trained bands at the Hague being in arms, they presently ran to the prison, where, while they were got together, it happened that John De Witt came in his coach to fetch his brother out of prison ; upon which one of the burgesses cried out, "Now the two traitc . are got together, audit is our fault if they escape us." This had been enough to inflame the multitude, but a greater motive hap- pened ; for while they were all expecting the coming down of the two De Witts, an unhappy report was raised that above a thousand peasants and fishermen were upon their march to plunder the Hague, upon which another burgher cried out, " Come, gentlemen, let us pull these traitors out by the ears ; do but fol- low me, and I will lead the way." These words, with n» HOUSE OP OBANGE. gg their great affection to their PrincP finA ih^ • t their countrv to both ^hinh 7?^ ' . "^^ ^^ Street, where they were soon dispatched bv the mn Ifi enemies of the HousHf^L^t^'^'^'iri't^t ^ohn waa the contriver of thosf acts wherebv hk Highness was precluded from «ll ttl ^"5 y, "'^ diligence but tar less than what I now observp • frrm, wards ^lif^Ti Ti^ ^„ 1 utners , and after- TdDort ?. vTf.r'^'.P'"'''""^'- of Holland "he wm^U n -'^^.^^ocate presaged of him that saith rtn^v, "" "'* * "'»*'"-al detth." "Xhus" hV s^.nt^'sKcT'o;'"''^'/''"^ °^ '^''g^-^' ^rthat {,^» '"^ ^*' "**'«■ '"'^°g administored ey?een'^V'jr'"T .°^ ^°"^^ ^^ '^'"'"t I 86 THE HISTORY OF THE It must be remarked that the present war with the States General was commenced in concert between the French King and Charles II., in a time of the greatest peace and security on the Dutch side ; so that, when the English fell upon their Smyrna fleet, no clap of thunder in a frosty morning could be more surprising, both to the Hollanders and the rest of Christendom : yea, the Court of France itself could scarce believe that he would run as great an adven- ture, though our Court had obhged themselves there- to, and though in the declaration of war which the King published, the Dutch are charged with making abusive pictures, and denying the right of the flag, which was an undoubted prerogative of the Crown of England ; yet, the Parliament and people were of opinion that this war was made in pursuance of the instructions of the French King, sent over to Dover by the Duchess of Orleans ; whereby the destruction of the commonwealth of Holland is declared to be the only means to settle arbitrary government and Popery in these three nations. Upon our declaration of war, the French King began to march with his vast army into the Nether- lands which he overran with such a rapid motion, that the people were astonished, and the States i-new not what course to take to prevent it, which oc- . casioned those commotions aforementioned ; but his Highness the Prince of Orange being advanced to the Stadtholdership, the face of affairs began to alter, and their courage was revived. Monsieur Fagel suc- ceeded De Witt as pensioner, and the Prince pre- sently resolved to be upon action, rejecting all the applications made to him J)y the two Kings, of making him sovereign of the provinces, with such disdain and greatness of soul as is scarce to be matched, always declaring that " he would never be« HOUSE OP ORANOE. 87 In pursuance of this generous resolution, his Hieh- ness took command of tlie army upon h^m who were ZL77t^ 1,''t '"""^^^ ^f being under Z grave, a haadful of men twice repulsed above five thousand of the French from the walls ofXden! burg; and besides the slain, took five hundredpris- oners wxth several commanders and per^on^of ^"a ity, through the extraordinary valour of no more than two hundred burghers aid one hundred^r nson soldi™, only that they were assisted bvThe rrTan^ae'^.ht"' *^ ^T'^ ^^^'> ^n^" rS. °"^''* buUets to their pa- Soon after, the siege of Groningen which ho^ been besieged with neir thiee thouLd men by t^ Bishop of MunstOT, .as, by the courage of the citi! zen» raised, with the loss of half the fnemy's Lmy and a prodigious quantity of ammunition sJTin vam,in reducing thereof; to which his HigSes^^ care m fm;mshmg them with all necessarie^for de- fence was highly contributing. Initri' ^''^^^e time, the Prince resolving to dis- lodge theoutguards of the French, save a strnru, a^aim to them, and without moving f^mht sSf aU night, drove them to their trenchfs b^f^e Utrecht and carried several lords prisoneiB to Ai^sterf^' His Highness then resolvel to attempt the reducW ^Z^^'l' "^^-^H^ Woody and obstinTS wherem above two thousand of the French we™ slain^ and not above sSven hundred of the dS his Highness, finding the garrison relieved ^th 3 9 numerous supply, drew off his men, and retr^t^ 88 THE HISTOBY OF THE to his quarters; aiter which was held a council of war of the principal oftcers of the army, which being ended, a certain colonel would needs be impertinent- ly inquisitive of the Prince, to know what was his great desi^ a^amst the French at that time. His Highness demanded of him whether he would dis- cover to any other what he should declare to him ? rhe colonel said, " No, he would not." " Then," said 1 •!», .r®' """^ ^''''^''^ ^^ «^o e'ld^ed from heaven with the same grace ; " an answer becoming the wisdom of a Prince, and the reservedness of aleat commander. ^ ..^'^ ^ighness bemg with the army at Maestricht, sent out a party to reduce the strong castle of Wal- ciieren which was soon surrendered with a ffreat quantity of wheat and other provisions. During this time the Duke of Luxembourg, with fourteeS thousand horse and foot, resolved to invade the pro- ^nce of Holland m hope to plunder Leyden and the Hague and marched from Woerden over the ice with three thousand five hundred of the lightest of the infantry, of which attempt his Highness having notice, marched with aU speed toward the French who m the meantime, had taken Swamerdam, and by the retmng of Colonel Paine Vin from his post at Niewerbourg, had a free pasage open for their re- treat, who must have had perished in the waters or surrendered by reason of the sudden thaw • the Duke himself was like to have been lost by a tall mto the thawed water, losing in his shppery expedition about six hundred of his best soldiers. The French committed horrid rav- ages at Swamerdam, ravishing women, stripping and wounding the aged and decrepit, and throw- ing infants that smiled in their faces into the nre. HOUSE OF ORANGE. 89 And now the strong eity of Coverden, the key of tne provinces of F„*esland and Groning wmIZ that fatal year, 1672, feU into the hand, of the mege, was retaken m an lour, and not above sixty kmefTr:A^f °^ the enemy one hundred and Tfg killed and four hundred and thirty prisoners • it r^«r:f'' ^^'^^ ^^"^^p with^'"prdi5;4 quantity of warhke ammunition. This success highly encouraged the Dutch, and so suZised thi enemy that they instantly quitted seveml otW garrisons, and much advanced the honour otthl SSbuttJl tr r'^'"' -a°«g«ment of affai.^ they attributed this happy alteration in the future of their counter; which his Highness Ukew^srex- tended to pacify the dissension between throU and ^Z 'JJrr"' k'! °^ Fne,h.nd, who acted contmr^ to each other ; but upon his Highness acDearini^ in their assembly, all Siscords vanished a^^d~fnS were settled for the defence of the NetherCds,T his visiting the frontier fortifications of FluZ ng, Sluce, Ardenburgh (where the keys of the town were delivered him in a silve7LL by pkces ™^' '""^ "^^"""^ °*^«'- '^'°^S In 1673, the Dut«h were hotly assailed on the 3frM f '""i ^"^«"?''°"'-g lay at Utrecht with powerful forces, to watch an opportunity to invade l^uig of England vigorously attacked them with ?Zyi}.-^^ "^^^'^ °?* *° «*'■• abroad, but to ob- Lento?!wr^\'"'*T Pr'^^t the threatened de- scent of the Bnglish. In May, the Kine of FrannP «l ill i 90 THE HISTORY OP THE n ^hr!m^li!'1V''° ^o""'"'' "^en. sat, down four «io7,«n?f i * J S^'°" consisted of about M^f r^a^e^°:a^iS ^n-dtxJe^STot K & f H^^* U wStit Wa t. J.™?f* ,j- ,° ^^^^ *''»" niiie thousand of their bravest soldiers being slain in the siege with an in credible number of lis choicest offifek-thaTthe Son hv I ""'i,,'^'*'' *« '"^ of half the gamson by innumerable assaults, batteries nr,^ stormmgof fresh assailants night'and day ' ^e courageous governor would still have held it out s^lrc^s^obrir/^^"^/ *^ magistrates and ecck: conduct ?hi%i "° *«^^"™'i'ler, of whose worthy EngUsh^ fleet TZ ^^^ *"' <^'^P«'^«<^' ""-^ *« rwlS, bnJr '•/ , ^""^ , ^"ga'gement of May 28 iTJ^^r ^°*'\^^^ claimed the victory), beiii re- tn-ed from the coast of Holland, his HighneT n^ Zlland, to j r^itf te 'Z 'j t^"" ""'T "' down befori NaerdL^'^itr W JVvrfhotan^ men, upon which the Duke of Luxem Wg tith t™ thousand, and four regiments of Sef W ^ vancea within view o? the Prince's ^^^^ncSnt HOUSE OF ORANGE. gj sons sufficient to surrender tLtTJ, ^ ^^ '^^ it seems the Kine ^ not t^r^wiT^ ^ T" • ''"t condemned tTDefnetl?^ ^ *''^'" '°' ^<»' '^ ^a« sword broken KrteTtS 2^t' "^'^ tns^^;T^.^'p-f 5«r^^^^^^ lostJaWe aruSu-erme'U/rotuird^ 92 THE HISTOBY OF THE thousand horse, faced the Leaguer, but durst not ' W 'r^/^r";^*^ '° thatthTcoii^derat^hav mg fimshed their batteries and brought three rn^Is to perfection prepared forageneral stonn ; W ^! hng to save their men, sent a summons to the ly- I!i w ' • *'^^y pleased, might send out some to see what mmes were ready to play upon thX rS fusal, which would be followed b/ putting to the 'T^i. f '? *™^' " t^ten by storm ms so affrighted them that the next'^day they LT ou'lf' -\fif'««", hundred French "'^aXd' thp^F~n?]f'f "^ expedition of his Highness put the French into such a consternation to see the re- verse of their fortune, that they who hZy Jo, msultmgpnde, threatened the ^in of otheS we uZle r "T '"•* *° ^"^^ themselves; S Ihit, upon the loss of so many men as had latel^ died bv itTtime ti.w^"""''"-'^^.*'^^ Netherlands in wss time than they gamed them, retainine onlv Maestncht and the Grave, of all they lat^l poZ Slat tfZ*? '^' ^^P''^""- ^"^'^'^ -^ the bS th. r.!ft "iVy^'^y and was first evacuated, ^nd W ? 1 1-nxembourg extorted sixteen thou^ ^nd W of them, to save the town from burning si? liS"^ ' n^^'- Harderwick paid twelve thou- sand hvres; Crevecceur, three thousand pistoles- fc'^ Sk*"'?"^ ^°'?"'^«^' <"' ^^hich the Ktg of France had bestowed sixty thousand livres, gave W teges to pay thirty-six thousand livres to sp^e their houses. Utrecht was obliged to give an hiLfed one r ^rr^' '^\'^' ^renoir^l depart™ one day, the burgomasters absolved ea«h other fnjni HOUSE OF ORANGE. 93 they sent theldrnHl^ , °* °f*°««' ^ ^^°^ StadtholdeMn th?n^r„ f ^'™°TK'^«« ^^ *eir Utrecht. Thus hl^I ""^ ^^"^^^ P'-"^*'^ of Bee. to har:„X!'fc C^^"' rL"""' quishedevenwherphpriAi+^lt ^"°^^®^' ^^^ he van- tion of this happy turn ofJlt^ ?° considera- prudence and c?K™ hLfeSeXt ^^^r^^ eral, in Februarv fnll«-™,-„ "^S™ess,tiie btatesGen- clare their Sudp.^^' ^^^^''^^ » decree to de- holde:. rf Ko W 0^1 ,*; "^f^ "^ S*'"^'- land on the peraon^ti! iF i^*^ ^^"^ ^«^* ^ri«s- monument of h^„n^! • " ^'P'^^' ^ * standing day the States of %T°I ?;""*?' "^^ *'>''' ve.| «ame dLStiL uL l"^-''^^«« ««^«™d the ^thal hp dT^^^^':,^^^^^^^^ hi. meS and tlT^^'J^^ l^'^^"^*' the Parlia- money to^ca^ on tUilte"^ ^ ^^' ^"1^^°^ religion and UbertipT n? *?, .'^'^'^ns against the tenc^ of This w^^'Th J w:reTwSed°t ^V^"" separate peace with tL n^f-.^^ , *-° ™*''® » French dnTthr^htnfh^-*''.^'''''"''^^ "^ fie .iv. CSS fcs a-i»„» ^- IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // 1.0 I.I 1.25 ■ 50 '■^* 1 2.5 2.2 14 II 1.6 6" "/ M Vl ^} /S^ Photographic Sciences Corporation ^^ « <^^ 4 % V 'Ok' :^.°^1>. #;>'" 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. HS80 (716) 872-4503 %v^ ."t« de Villa Soon after, the great General Turenne beinn- tili„j tUeTrthe""^* '" ^f "''' the*^S'of S SoSf^ : • '=?'»'"a"^^^ ^^^^ men, under Calvo, a resolute Catalonian. To divert Sll'flT' Sternberg sent the Marshal de Humirres mth fifteen thousand men, to besiege Aire, Tdty in on tC sMef b^'"' "".^ ^^^o^g'y enc'ompl d on three sides by a marsh, the only way to an proach jt being defended by a strong fort^th five suffir?f^\'"?*.= "^"^ ^^^ fort lot ha,In„ the C ^ "^f "f-,'* "^S*™^* the great numlirs of nto^btf ' "^^^ i'"?^ * '''"'^ ^""^^ incessantly mto the town, and firod the houses, the townsmen irrri^sr-^TSi^rr' II, ii 102 THE HISTORY OF THE grew 80 impatient that they beat a parley, and the articles were vsoon agi'eed to by the French, because they heard the Duke of Villa Hermosa was coming to relieve it, and the Governor was forced to surren- der the town. His Highness continued the siege of Maestricht all this while with much vigour, and the latter end of July the trenches were opened, his Highness as- signing to every one their quarters ; and among the rest, tlie English, under three colonels, Fen wick, Widrington and Ashly, consisting of two thousand five hundred men, besides ref ormades and volunteers, who presented a petition to his Highness, wherein they humbly desired " That all of their nation might be assigned a particular quarter, and be commanded apart ; that if they behaved themselves like men, they might have the honour due to their courage, but if they did ill, that they only might bear the disgrace of their cowardice ; there being no reason why they should sufFerfor the miscarriages of others." The Prince readily granted their request, and ordered them a sepamte post under Fenwick, the eldest colonel, and they accordingly signalized their valour during the siege, which was earned on with the utmost conduct and lesolution, his Highness con- tinually animating his soldiers by his presence, and teaching them by his example to contemn danger. Many of the outworks were taken with great slaugh- ter on both sides, but were again supplied by the unwearied industry of the besieged. In one of these assaults, his Highness, who continually exposed his person, received a musket-shot in the arm ; but to prevent his men from being discouraged, he plucked off his hat with the same arm, and waved it about his head. But the Confederate army being weakened both by sickness and the many attacks against the I HOUSE OF ORANGE. lOS town, and the Germans not bringing in their pro- mised supplies, a council of war was called in the Pnnce's camp, and there being advice that Monsieur bchomber^ was coming with all the French forces for the relief of the town, it was concluded to raise the siege ; and so this campaign ended without suc- cess, occasioned by the weakness of the Spaniards, and the uncertainty of the German councils ; and soon after, his Highness finding that Schomberg was satisfied with relieving Maestricht, and not to be brought to a battle, he returned back to the Hague where, m a general assembly of the States, he gave an account of the summer's expedition, so much to their satisfaction that he received their congratula- tions, and new returns of thanks for the many toils, hardships and dangers to which he had exposed his pei-son for the preservation of his country. In September following, his Highness received an account that the Imperial army had taken Phihpsburg, for want of being well provided, which was as unexpected as the raising of the siege of Maestricht. The following winter was spent in treating for the peace at Nimeguen, which the common people ot Holland were very desirous of, the war being a great hindrance to their trade ; but the French in- sisted upon such high terms, that his Highness op- posed It to the utmost, though King Charles II. was stiU very earnest to bring his dear aUy out of his troubles. But still the French pursued the war with their usual application; for in Februarv, 1677 though it were in the depth of winter, their forces marched into the Spanish Netheriands, and having provided sufllcient magazines, they in a manner blocked up Valenciennes, Cambray and St. Omer at a distance, giving out they would be masters of two, 104 THE HISTORY OF THE if not three, places before the Confederates could take the field. The French, at the same time, broke into Germany on the other side of the Rhine, ravag- ing burning and ruining these countries with a barbarity peculiar to the most Christian King ; soon atter, the city of Valenciennes was surrounded with an army of forty or fifty thousand men, under the iJuke of Luxembourg, wherein was a garrison of two thousand foot and one thousand horse and dra- goons, and the French King being arrived in the camp, commanded that the besieged should be kept awake all night by flingmg bombs, grenades and iire-pots mto the town, and the next morning, when they were tired with the night's toil and gone to their repose, so that few were left to guard the works, the assailants carried all before tLem, and turned the great guns upon the town, which so ter- rilied the besieged that they presently surren'ered at discretion. Animated with this success, the French Kin^ im- mediately sat down before Cambray, a town of great trade, and had been in tb« Spaniards' hands about eighty years; it had a garrison of one thou- sand four hundred horse and four regiments of foot and after a few days' siege, this city was, Uke the other bpanish towns, surrendered upon articles ; and at the same time St. Omer was besieged by the Duke of Orleans, with a very great army. The news of this sudden progress of the French so alarmed the JNetherlands, that his Highness the Prince of Orange was resolved to take the field, the Dutch having re- ceived their payments from Spain, and concluded to . continue the- war another campaign, being brouo^ht to this resolution by the vigour and courage of his Highness, who had begun to prepare his troops to mai-ch upon the first motion of the French ; but by I 'I HOUSE OP OBANOE. 105 tWwi/p"^" '^'^ J^^t^ of *•>« Spaniards, though the Prince used tie utmost diligence and apphcation yet he could net arrive soonlnZh to succour Valenciennes and Cambtay. but ^^now re^ S St or"'T\,'*"'« *° enLvourlheS r^! i ^I ?i ^^"^ encounter, wherein his Fiffh- ness showed the utmost bravery, the French them selves confessing that the PrincTthat <% "C" ZlTJ""" ^Vnine battaUons of LTanT^ hundred squadrons of horse, he made such aa hon- ourable retreat as wanted little of a victory which wa^ occasioned by the plain flight of his S, whom he was forced to resist like enemies; of which X Kte^'wW ^T ^„?T'"«. that in answer to clif^/' lfT\^'^ Highness gave them an ac- rXll^w ''"^P'^^^f aey «ent Mm another, for hTf^ntf r "^^'S^^ thanks to his Highness tor his mdefatigable pams and care, not sparine his iZe^m °b^^^ **y ^^""ght him I be Lre tender for the foture, considering the great impor- tance thereof for the preservatfon of lis counC. After this followed the suirender of the citadel of Cambray, which had held out tiU now, though the town was taken, and likewise St. Omer, which alter a vigorous resistance, wherein the French lost m^v^considerable officers, was surrendered upon After this, the French King returned to Paris L^3.^''''1T VPP°* *« »»1^« of Lorraine, aad (Z^T l^ to observe the motions of the Prince of Oraage, who, July 23, 1677, having recruited his fiZ fb?S' *"'* '^"^'"^^ '^^'™1 auxiliary suppKes tW 7f 1""^ n""^' ^''-^hed in at the h^ of SZin t ^^'^^'■^*^ Ix^d all submitted to his conduct), li-om Alost, to attack the French lyinin con- sisted the safety ot his country ; though no man was ever moiv daring when thei-e wm any pmbability of prtwailing. His Highness, finding the Fnuich were resolved not to ccmie to a Iwttlo, but to be upon the defensive, and secui-e what they had gotten, leaving tl\e army neai- Brussels, under Count Waldeck, i-e- fcurned to the Hague, and had the thanks of the States returned him a second time for his wary and prudent conduct. In October this year his Highness wont over into England, at the invitation of King Charles, in hopes that his i)iY»sence would much contiibute to a general peace between Franco and the Confedei*ates, which tlie King seemed very solicitous to have concluded, hy the instigation, as it was thought, of the French Court, who weix> willing to put an end to the war HOUSE OF ORANGE. 107 ^r the proscnt. The Prince. October 19, arrived at Hai-wich, and wont post to Newmarket, where the r^wu-. t.^ ^^\ "^^^^^ ^^ *^« «*• three days returnee! to mitohall, where his Highness having a sight of the Fnncess, was so pleased therewith that he ini- modiately made suit to the King and Duke that she might be his bride, which they seemed well pleased with If a peace were first concluded ; but his High- ness absolutolv refusing that condition, the King, being very well satistied of his Highness's excellent merits, resolved to grant his request, and the next day declared m council his design of marrying the Prince of Orange with the Princess Mary; upon which the whole Council went in a body to compli- ment the Prince and Princess, and the news was received both in city and countiy with bolls, bon- hrea. and other signs of extraordinary joy and satis- taction and they were married accordingly, Novem- l>er 4, 1677, being his Highness's birthday. Yet, amidst these nuptial joys and caresses, his nighnoss, knowing how necessary his presence was m Holland, made hasto to return ; so tJiat he de- parted from London, November 29, with his Prin- cess, and arriving at Homslaerdike, stayed there till they made their public entry at the Hague, which Y XI x^^ ^ ^*^^ '^*y^^' ^^ ^ niagniticont a manner as both the magistrates and people could express to declare their joy and satisfaction for these happy nuptials. ^^^ In 1G78, even in January, the French King made auch mighty preparations for the ensuing campaign as alarmed all Europe, but more especially the Dutch and their alhes; so tliat the King of England sent the ^arlof Faversham with a project of peace to the French Kmg, consisting of several heads, which, if he should retuse to accept of that, then Kin^ Charles and the § 108 THE HISTORY OF THE States General would unite their fortes to comper ^im to reason. The French rejected the Kind's propositions, continuing their mighty warlike Re- parations ; upon which King Charles recaUed his oce'!wd W *^ • ?^'^^^ ''^''' ^^^ ^-d often 3 fT P r ^^'^'''^ "^^""y considerable victories; and the Parliament meeting soon after, the Kin^ ^quamted them that he had made an alliance with soniw. ri"" '^"^P"^ *^' ?^^^^ ^^^^«« *« a rea- sonable peace ; upon which the Commons gave money for raising thirty thousand land soldiers and tfr^ ^^''n^*?.""^''"^^"^^^' but it appeared after- ward, the Court never intended any war, but t^ have used these forces tc far worse purposes, even to the advancing arbitrary government and Popery m these kmgdoms ; of which the Dutch were so sensible, that much doubting the sincerity of King Charles s negotiations they were at last constrained to make peace with the French, upon disadvanta- of th'e erie ^^"'^"^ *^^ ^^'*'''''' ^""^ discontents fnrp^P Fr^^ch King, in March this year, came be- fore Gaunt with an army of eighty thousand men, and by incessant batteries and stormings, took it in W«rt^ time-having drawn the Spanish forces then fell upon Ipre with such rapid violence, that lossof^ffi'^''''^*^^..^^^^^^^^' *h«"^h with such loss of officers and soldiers that he put his armv into garrisons, and thon returned to Paris. This gave iht^.^r^^^y ^^^T *^ *^^ Hollanders, that all ^rench King being sensible of, and having now l^rl^i ' ^^'''* in Glanders, to prevent the English trom being m earnest against him, he sent an impe- rious project of a peace, declaring he would admit of HOUSE OP OBANGE. 109 these conditions and no other, which the Dutch no Detter. iJut before the peace was ratified the French made several pretensions and delays in' pfr! forming even what themselves had agreed to ^^L Highness the Prince of Orange foresaw and L^toM they would do, nisomuch that they blocked up tte l^u^t^fe"?";^ "^'•'^ frontier of Flanders upon which his Highness resolved to march to S Xf of t, great preparations being made to that puraose • aiid understoding that the donfedeiutes h^j^ the Holland and Spanish forces, that lay neir^he canal of Brussels, he departed by night fr^ the Hague, and marching toward Mo^ wiVhu"y being accompanied by the Duke of Monmouth^' fell upon the Duke of Luxembourg with such finy that he forced him to retire ; and ^mating his^^ diers, with his eyes sparkling Uke fire, they desnised all danger by their galhmt ieneral's eSe^who Z^ "'.?'• °t ^^ """ ^"*«' '"d bulleteAjS^ thick as hai , had ventured so far that he had W m imminent danger, had not Monsieur OverS opposed himself against a daring captain thT waa just ready to charge the Prince ^with a full trT %ing him dead on the place. The horse aU^S while were lookers on, not being able to advan^ all the weight lay on the foot and dragoon^ Nieht commgon, the Duke of Luxembourg^dr^ off^L great silence and confusion, leaving t^This Highne^ a« certain marks of victory, the fifld of bat^rhTs' tente, baggage wounded men, store of powder and other ammunition. The States General appointed commissioners to congratulate his HighnessTr tMs victory gained with so much reputation and glZ beseeching him withal to }« ^^rXi ^r i,:„ ;iir.-?'"^' 110 THE HISTORY OP THE person, considering the tranquillity of his country,' and the repose of the church and Protestant religion depended so much thereon. The very day this memorable battle was fought, the peace between the Dutch and French was signed at Nimeguen, of which intelligence was brought to his Highness the next morning, who would else have pursued the advantages he had gained to the full relief of the town, having already, in spite of so many disadvantages from an army so suddenly drawn together, and so hasty a march as that of the Dutch, taken divers posts, fortified with so much skill and industry by the French, and attacked the;n with a resolution and vigour that at first surprised rthem, and after an obstinate and bloody fight so disordered them, that though the night prevented the end of the action, yet it was verily believed that if the Prince had been at liberty next day to pursue it, with s^ven or eight thousand English, which were ready to join his army, he must, in all appearance, not only have relieved Mons, but made such an impression into France as had often been designed, but never attempted, since the war began ; upon which a French officer present said, " That he esteemed this the only heroic action that had been done in the whole coui-se and progress of it." The Prince having received advice of the peace, sent a deputy with the news to the Duke of Luxembourg, who desired to see the Prince, and accordi^ly met him in the field, at the head of his chief officers, wheie all civilities passed between them proper for the occasion ; and the French with great curiosity crowded about this young Prince, who had the day before engaged in such a desperate action as that of St. Denis was esteemed to be ; 90 that his Highness could not have ended HOUSE OF ORANOE. Ill to'JTu^*f'^^''S'°?y'''°' ^*h greater spite, to see such a great occasion wrested out of his hand by tho sudden and unexpected signing of th™e which he had assured himself tL Itates G^S yet upon the certain news of it, he drew back hi« piumie their own measures in order to finish the treaty betwixt France and Spain During which the King of England sent over a person or honour to the States General, to acauLt them how much he was suT>rised at 'the news^f *tLK7-''^'^''="'^/l«^*y ^'^ france!Tven without the inclusion of Spain; declarine that if they would refuse to ratify what the™tttera had signed at Nimeguen, his Majesty would i^m™ diately declare war against Fraie, Ld CyTon with all vigour, pursuant to the treaty lately en- tered mto with them. All men were mlohlZa^d at this sudden turn of the Court of Englan^Td the Prince complained "That nothing was cvct T'^ •>?* '"'1 ««W. °or any councils evfr Ze un- steady than those of Engliud, since if thlXsoatch the face of affairs m Chnstendom, and have obliged TcoidiSX fn? ?*? '?*•!* ''' ""' ^^^'^ happened ftZThf^' *'H'*,We"ed to proceed only trom the discovery of the Popish plot which ex w:^t,:hTf\*'i^ PT^" ^^"^ P^hi^nrwho ZroTf- '^''^"'^^ «■' the treacherous designs of ulS A^'.rT^^S 'he Popish and Frenfh i^- ^^h ihlt V-'""''V ^T"^ *e Duteh to comply tw't\5'.'^L!i"I?^*,"P- his own terms; LI -., ..,.,. ^,^^,j, Kiio xiumour, iimg Uharles pre- 112 THE HISTORY OF THE F™t. *^^.^^^/^™«s* for engaging in a war a^inst ZT'^.'Z^^}'^^^ sometime hindered the Sca- tion of the treaty, and English forces were S transported into Flanders, as if the war wer^rS to have been earned on, which encouraged thosi sioned the Spaniards to use their utmost endeavours to prevent the concluding it. savours ^oof ?® ^.''^'"''K ^^^^' ^^^'^ unwilling to lose the ^eat advantages he had obtSned by tSs treaty re- st?i \r^T ^". ^ffi^^^ties, and satisfy^'the states m their dema^ ds ; yea, he despatched ambas- sadors to the Hague, with full authority to remit all hil^frfi?'- ?^^"* ^^" ^'^^^y ^^^ Spain and himself to their determination, which raised in the States such a good opinion of the sincerity of that mSt^P^?r'''f Ti: ?^* *H^ ^^^^^^ ^dJ^«<^d all matters m contest between the two crowns : so that the tr^ty was signed September 20, 1678 The other Confederates, as the Emperor, the kW of Denmark, the Duke of Brandenburg, &c., were lery much enraged that they were left to t;eat singly with their potent enemy, who demanded very sevire treatv w"^?!. T ^^T- ' '? *^^* *^^ ratification of the ^eaty with Spam being hereby delayed, the French i^mg to quicken it, sent Marshal d'Humi^res with a fn' W ""'^.t!''*^ ^^r^""'' plundering and burning ^nn?^ w- *^""?' ^^d Pitting these countries under contnbution with so much fury and insolence that the common people complained heavily of the ca- lamities and miseries which they undeservedly suf- fered by the slowness of the Spanish councils ; so that at length both the Spaniard and Emperor were obliged to comply with the offers of France, who mn.K vf '1.^''''^^^^ ^ ^"^ ^^y^ *^ "^^ke the terms much higher. The other Princes, though they very HOUSE OF ORANGE. jjg were forced toTconteni^^T^'^^'' °^ Ability, for themselves STe Itt „rF ' *? 'T™'« P^*^ that he could not bkider ^^ "^England, observing riesagam to Niieg„e„ to' '^i^rtK^'" Plenipotentia? but in the intervd soL „ ^ *^.* general treaty ; were very diii^ent in n^t» '., ® ^^^^^ General «ons be,^ selC manSTt"' *>:« ''l-'^ac- presence of his Highnes^ th^ V^^™ ''?' ^ *>^e whose prudence wafstmL u ^"""^ °f Orange, greatest difficulty he bwTj-''' ^ ""a'tei^of the ordinaiy generosity tCwhi^'ri^^^ '''' «^'»- pomts of honour before tl Z,uv "**'" Preferred ness quitted his ovm [nttl,r " P^"' '''^ High- mands for Teom-^t^ iT^i "* postponing his de- e^tetes and t^Si^t'^^devastatiL i/his'ot qnillity ofhiscou^t^'ra!t"?l.'V'"P«rnh-vf/\"'"'''>«^ ^nd false pretences thtt "hey exceedt'ff*^ *'^"^'"' ""^er them; yea, in matteraTf Taw r!?; *^'' ^"ts allowed the advocates at the SstSn 'f fl?" ''■'^ '"^^'^ hy they cried out, "I plead flw ?* P"^«*«' ^ that to the State and to the f nl* ^r-"<^' *" «°«">y ^ould have to be ditroved?" '''ir"' ^''«'» he dared not do them jusSorf» '%*'l*^ the judge a favourer of heretiTand unnf?' ''^, ^'""^ """"tfd told, "You have yoS^ ^medv ir'"^''''"**^''^ "«■•« ceeded by processes throuJhouffl 1,-^'f "^^^ ""«- quire what the Protest K f" ^^g^om, to in- twenty years past about rehl^ ^^?' "^""^ ^"^ and there being no w3 of !^^- ' i'"' °"'«'' matters ^hat was absolutely few ST^ """^ *^'^<'^r «We of it, encou^ing them r^- '' *>»?'' «en- I!!!!"- «M..a^d ^anviinorf'„„'i'^_P™''n« '•■'"""° were -hipped and" sent to 'thr^a^rfor f 116 THE HISTORY OF THE slaves. Next they were deprived of all public offices and employments, contrary to an express article in the Edict of Nantes; yea, were forbid to exercise several arts and trades for maintaining their families. This was in 1669 ; and in 1680 all lords and gen- tlemen were commanded to discharge their Protes- tant officers and servants; nay, they would not suffer Protestant midwives to do their office, but expressly ordained that no woman should receive any assist- ance in that condition but from Popish midwives ; and to consummate their miseries they were forbid, under severe penalties, to go out of France to get their bread in other countries, whereby they were under the horrible necessity of perishing for hunger in their own. They laid severe taxes upon them, raising the sum from forty or fifty livres to seven or eight hundred, and quartered dragoons upon them till it was paid. Then an edict was published, that children of seven years old should abjure their reli- gion, forcing their parents to give them allowances beyond their abilities, taking them away, and suf- fering them to see them no more ; even persons of the best quality were thus used. Protestant school- masters were prohibited, and three universities sup- pressed, though absolutely granted by the Edict of Nantes : Papists were forbid to marry Protestants, or ministers to hinder people, directly or indirectly, from turning Papists. These and a multitude of other cruel aad barbarous oppressions they groaned undeir, when the Elector of Brandenburg being pleased to intercede on their behalf, the King assured him " he was very well satisfied with the behaviour of his Protestant subjects, and that so long as he lived no wrong; should be done them ; " and yet at the same instant, with his usual sinceritv. he e-ave HOUSE OF ORANGE. jj^ to.finish the coS rf''SXTe?-*'"P™?'P'^*y' this so displeased theKinT tW I " ««f"rity; but two thousand men undefhtl •*/'"*" •""^^ "f . into Languedoc wh^^!. ■,■ f-'^utenaut-General, Prince of 0r^g;7mLsCf^ <»?«"»ded the children homeS fnH^^? " ^^'^^ ^way all the for the future into^h"iru^°i-t '•«'=T^*"y >"<"•« thoygh it appeared ~I^e^*y°^bL"'>°°fci,^Wch, gistrates, to prevent fi,ril, • 1^: ^^^ *« ma- therewith, and thoSht twt i^^'^' '> ""-"Plied satisfaction to hi demld,:^>.?f thereby given f„U prised to hear that during th Tf ^.'"^ely sur- tenant-Geneml atm 3ctdZh h • *r ''^^ "«"" the city, and that he ZdThZJl }'^ ^°'^ nearer their walls. In short hf^!? "j*^*"^ *° <*«""'lwh eight companies of d^;.oons 1^1?''' -^^ T^^ered where they committed £^ti? *''f "'*™'^ '•""^es, as well the inlmStan?» „ ^1'^''°^''*'^' constraining Highness in fte X- rind I**"? f'^J^'^'^ °' ^^ -uiu of their own S! "^^^'"'*'*^'^'''tatthe Wown up, at Xh Ihl.! , ^ru""'' ^'^'«'» ^e™ eamestl/'to Ttt ton^?^^ '^f'T''' *''t"'°^« guests, who were said tn hi , J^°^^ arbitrary eml virgins. The Prints ^ ■ "'""^''^ ^''''''«<1 «eZ sented tleir case to the st^"'^"''^^'^«■■«°'^' ^^P^- of the last peace dedriW^l^ ?™'?™'.' '^ '^ »''«ach resentment of ZTuZVtl *° ''^'^^ *'^«''- J^^t French Kina and tlT i'*'''® proceedings of the rid violatbf; S^^l"^f ™P«^f on for slich hor! nea,.» .„j ..3l, ™™tiy upon concluding « „„ i ' "-' """ '""«>"' "'« ieast provocationVvli.""" 118 THE HISTORY OF THE The States accordingly, by their ambassador, re- presented It as an infraction of the peace of Nime- guen^and required satisfaction for the damages which the Prmce and his subjects had so illegally and con- trary to the faith of treaties and leagues sustained but could only have this answer from the French Court that as to the money extorted from the inhabitants it was done without the King's order, and he had com- manded restitution to be made ; that upon the sub- " mission of the people to his will and pleasure he had withdrawn his forces out of the principality, and " restored free commerce to the inhabitants, according to their ^sires ; and for the rest, he had reason for what he had done. After the peace was concluded, his Highness ap- plied himself to reform the government of Utrecht and other towns, and Ukewise to concert matters with the States General for the future security of • his country against the treacheries and false preten- sions of France ; the Prince being unusually present m the principal debates of the Assembly, both as to peace and war, who always appeared no less prudent and vigilant to prevent disorders at home than to repel foreign hostility. In July, 1681, his Highness came over into England, and arriving at Whitehall dined at Sir Stephen Foxe's, and then went to Windsor, where the Court then was, and havincr continued here about ten days, returned back tS Holland. In the interval of affairs his Highness retired to Jieren, or Soestdyke, to divert himself, and at other times made progresses to take a review of the fron- tier towns belonging to the State, who in 1682 had ordered the towns of Breda, Grave and Naarden to be strongly fortified ; and it was proposed in the As- sembler of the States to raise sixteen thousand men HOUSE OF ORANGE. ijg war, both to prevenl^^H^' twe„ y.fo„ ^,„.„j. upon their teSes^d 1**!° psuJtsof the French they should coS any ae^n^l rr! ^P''!''*'''^^' '^ much to be susDectlrl^L -^ • ^"^^''ty. which waa tensions ^r^wit ^ ofT *''«/'"'P«'W pre- Spanish NetheSs ^ dependencies in the General S the Prinl , T''^ ""^"^ *° *« States and Antwe^^ whe7e th«l^^f ••'1"'«. ''e'^een Breda abouttheiri&ti^rm!,: ^ '5^/"^'° conferences ness liSetwtiaSrf i °^ l^""^ •• ^s High- belongm Jto tie & \ "'■''^^ P^^ "» Flandm pnncfs.ih*:*tLtc'^;r4h":rtK ''^*': AmbassadoU^vit\ttte?^»i^^''"/.' *« ^ench to the Assemblv^of fif ^^^' P"* "» » memorial receive audTence but frT";^"^ ¥ «^P«"ed to things whi^es^d we Jttllv P^i^'' *'/' '"^^ practised before njy^t^J^e wholly new and never comply with Tertl ^ ^'■^ f^y "O"!'^ '° "°^i^e terms. In November 5? ."^""'^^/t "P"" the former covy came to waU TOon hfp •*' ^T^^ "'^ *f"«- dyke, to give In aZtnwl ^/T"' *''^" *' ^"est- dead andTat tte two p2** *^ ^rea* Czar wa« advanced to thethron? "^ ""^ '"'S"°g ^^^^ lonttblTto'fu^r the t ?"^ f •^P''- "-« - French upon h Hife Ld tZ!'^ ■"'^T"'^ °^ the his cruel treatment S v i^' '" Handera, and nniustand.!„ "„!^L^*, h'^ ™lfle<=ts for not paying ,. ...>.„=„„i.uie conwubutions, he proclaimed 120 THE HISTORY OF THE : I 1 ' war against lam both by sea and land, and ordered all the effects of the French mercnants in his do- minions to be seized, and sent to the States Genei <" to assist him in this just defensive war, who there- upon concluded to raise a considerable force, both for ms aid and their own security, and accordingly his Highness gave out several commissions, and sent eight thousand men toward Flanders. In the mean- time the French King, according to his usual method, n^^^ ordered great detaclimants to be sent from all the conquered places toward Valenciennes, in April, 1684, he himself, accompanied by the Dauphin and Dauphiness, came from Paris thither. The Prince was very desirous to have perfected the new levies, and to have marched at the head of them to oppose him, but the obstinacy of Amsterdam and some other towns, which ref ased to allow their quota for main- taining him, prevented his Highness's worthy designs. The French Xing having mustered his army between Cond^ and Valenciennes, he immediately invested the city of Luxembourg ; and though the i^overnor made a ver^ notable#defence, and the French lost a considerable number of men, yet the greatness of their army, which was posted so as to prevent any relief, at lengftb obliged the town to capitulate, and on the 7th of June following it was surrendered upon articles ; and soon after, a truce being made with Spain, they were forced to suffer the loss of this city with the same temper as they had done many before. And as the French King continued thus tyranni- cally to injure his neighbours, so he treacherously proceeded to exercise horrid cruelties upon his own Protestants subjects; for though he had resolved upon their deetruction, yet at the same time he (iec^re4 that he had not the least intention to in- HOUSE OP ORANGE. jgj edict, and to baS 111 t1^» -.'"*''* ''"<1*»* kingdom, and s" vo ,n»t ^T^'^ °"* «* «>e the country to Sf thpTr,*" """^'^ ^«°* «bout testants ; aid it wa^ depllL^"""'^ ^"^"^^ tJ'e Pro- thoHcfa ithmustTrSr^ k""/""* t^^^t-the Ca- ingthe examXof aKiW ^ ^'^'"xi sword, aJleg- the nobles of hi? counW K T*^' ^'«' eo^verted slay their children befor^th^ *^''*«?;»f ">«» *<> not consent to have them wif /^"'j "^ "^^^ ^0"M themselvea" The Prote^P'r**' *"<* *° ''« baptised of the mischiefs desired ±,°-^ tTf" "'"'^ ^«"«iWe their grievances to KiT w'^l^'^Tv^^'^ «P««ed submission, which produce7no^tt''"i!T"'*y ''"'' tymnnical temper than to hast^t .r?^? 1?°° ^is by.open force Ld violence 4 1 terrih.'^''*™"*'°° as IS scarce to be paralleled ^t fi fil'''® ^ "'^""er troops of bloody LddesnerateH?'''' ^^^ quartered who loudly beuLed t& S^ffi^fr', ?"",*«"'' suffer any Protestants in Ws^f„7"''^"°i°"ger they must resolve to chaL^ tl, • ' ,°"' *"•! that to suffer the utmost cSfW '','F>' "' *« upon them;" to whSh tW * """^^^ '"A'^ted plied that" they weTereadvtn '°"-S™' ^"""'^ 'e- and estates for t^ w7<. ?*''"?•=" ""^i"- «^es sciences, being God's tfev Tu' ''"' ^^^^^ «°n- ■nannez- dispose of th™ " Vh? " °°* '" *« ^'''ue rage their 'hellish adTe^rl, rTl*^'^ ''"' ^°- sei^ed their goods andTh?. Ii'. ° ^^^ *ey first inflicting all the barb»ritf ^?" "?°" *'^«''- Persons, them to^enoZce^hdr tli^ror 'rt *^ '"<^'"=*' men and women by the hair ?Hi, ^'^'"'/ ''""S "P feet, within their cfcmnL »f f -^^ l"^' <»• ^7 the of wet straw ; thev trewVl -"^ *">«"" «'ith wisps DlucfceHfi,Z\T.T™r.*em into ereat firp» .„j , -- ■--'- --co naii roasted ; they tied Ihem 122 THE HISTORY OF THE fit on the rack, and poured wine down their throats till the fume had deprived them of their reason, and Hen made them say they would be Catholics; they stripped them stark naked, and larded them all over with pms from head to foot; they kept them from sleeping seven or eight dayn and nights together ; they tied parents to bed-poats, and ravished their daughters before their eyes ; they plucked off the nails from the hands and toes of others, with the most intolerable pain ; and after these and a thousand other horrid indignities, if they refused to abjure their religion, they threw them into close, dark and stinking dungeons, exercising upon them all sorts of inhumamty ; and yet, after all these barbarous usages they compelled those wretched people who had not courage and constancy enough to persist in the faith and therefore turned Catholic, or new converts a:^ they called them, to acknowledge that " they had embraced the Roman religion of their own accord," and had the impudence to declare, even against the evidence of millions of witnesses, " that force and violence had no share in the conversions but that they were soft, calm and voluntary, and that if there were any dragoons concerned therein, it was because the I'rotestants themselves devised them, that they might have a handsome pretence to change their re- • ?^^r* ^^ **^® meantime their houses were demol- ished, their lands destroyed, their woods cut down and their wives and children seized and put into monasteries ; and an edict was published for pluck- ing down all the Protestant churches in the king- dom— and aU for promoting tlie Catholic religion. Yea, the mischief did not terminate here, for the ^rench King, being too potent to be resisted by the -Uuke ot Savoy, he compelled that Prince to publish an edict for prohibiting the poor Waldenses and HOUSE OF ORANGE. ;j2g troops un^drMonsie^rV SatT.,."^ ^'""^ mitted the like vinloLT '-'™"?*' ™e soldiers com- tbem as 4tad7o„Ti:%i^-'-ri«es against ner for the miseL ^flhe^rotetScht^?,* Tl" self a RoCrShnZ' "^''^'^''''y '^^•''"^ed h™- foUowingX Duke ofd '"i.*^ l''* «^ J"°« hundred^and fif"y men Tt ''^'*'^' ^*'' °°« declaring- ^ ' "* ^y™*- "" Dorsetshire, vinSon'of'^^'e &S^ {'^''. ^'^^ ? """"'"<'« «* King James dumS „' ^"^^^ich great success giving, a"d Won? ntt. Proclamation for thanks- "notfing now^emiined whfr'^'r' '"y'- *''* turb the^nture ;"; r'f Str '^r"''^^ ''" whereof he •nnthtl.^^j • ., .S5.' '" confidence and their irent^ ^7^ ^^ 'j'^/^Pi* counciilora openvioLfonsTnn'Wf ?'''*'"^/° """"^t »«veral P^pert wTsTbjet '^"^ "' '""^ '-<^ -d *« TT.°"^" '™« '«fo''«. his Highness. ret„m;„„ <•.„_ ^i^« to the Hague, gave audienqe to 124 THE HISTORY OF THE F veral foreign Ministers, and parted thence to visit t le garrisons of Maestricht, Bois-le-Duc and other places, and on his return was met by the Princess at Loo, having, in his progress, given all necessary orders for the well governing and strengthening of those places. In December, 1687, the Marquis d' Ab- beville, Envoy Extraordinary from the King of Eng- land, had audience of his Highness and the States of Holland ; and about the same time the States, con- " sidering the danger that might arise from the great number of foreign Popish priests (notwithstanding the intercession of the Envoy of the Emperor of Germany on their behalf), they made a decree, commanding them to retire out of the Netherlands and never to return again, promising a reward of one hundred duca- toons to any that should make discovery, and laying a penalty of six hundred florins upon those that should harbour or conceal any of them, for the first offence, twelve hundred for the second, and corporeal pun- ishment for the third; whereupon many of them went over into England, where their hopes and ex- pectations of having their religion settled daily increased. The King of England being unwilling to afibrd any assistance to the heretical States, against his dear ally the French King, published a proclama- tion in March, 1687, commanding the return of all subjects then in the service of the States General, either by sea or land, with no other allegation but tljat the King thought it fit for his service. The States raised some dispute with the Marquis d' Ab- beville about this matter, refusing to let them return into England, insomuch that the Marquis soon after delivered in a memorial to the States, by express orders from the King, signifying " That his master was much surorised to find that '^^-' i — ii i. th Mr InrHsViins HOUSE OP ORANGE. i25 their lordships Seeed fhaf « ' """^ *''^' ''^''^ agreeable .to natm-ra^ that t \^^ n*'"''^ ^ should have the riahf a^ ru 7''° ^^ bom free wherever he shou^ftVri! •l^'^^^ty *<> settle himself him, and thit it w" n 1 n„'""'\^r"'^««"« *« and become a suW to ^r *"" *? ^ nasalized reigntv he subShf ^"' '™'^^'' ^Ji^e sove- same right1?^hM over [t.^ ^"1"™ °^«'- J*'"" *« subjects^ The MarqX eplS".?Srth'^' "^'"^l' ednatuial liberty could nS!rk .^''** ^is pretend- and dominion hKnt^^Vutdltrt thf ^T of sovere gntv and ohpHm«„^ ' * ™® "ghls consideredta/dthat^n v^^" ^e™ now only to be been the «; opiSont alf ti^'^^^^^ '* ^""l ral subject could wSraw Wm eTf t t^t- dience he owed tn hi» u.^f i " • irom the obe- wa« that tTe Engs rfGreTrR •; ^- ^ ^''^"<=« '^* times, prohibited Tei^suW^lt"^'" ^•. « *" foreign service, andS recalled ttr/"^' • ^ f''^ and as often as thertWht fiJ" r'r ,V' ^'^«■■"' further instanced a cLih?uf- ' j V^^ Marquis Earl of OssZand hi?^f "l^ ""l.""??^ between the "That in S'°L KSforGl?R°??'°rS''' recall his subiecta in th^ „ • ^* P"**"^ *ouW should be peSte^ ^n service of the States, they capitulatfon^rd 1 r J ' ' n^ 1^"« "^ ^^ich demanded theSdismkl'. ''"'Sed, the Marquis would never depart "^rr ^™'? ^'^''='> *« ^ing of their lordsSip^?t;^Se;^^^,V'j?^^to doubf than in tlghtingat home-again^TtWr":';? SrJ: 126 THE HISTORY OF THE v> men and fellow-Protestants ; and as their unwilling- ness justified the resolution of the States General, so it rendered the endeavours of the Marquis ineffec- tual; for the States having disbanded them, the greatest part enlisted themselves again under their command, as well officers as soldiers, though the King had ordered the masters and captains of ships and vessels to give such as would return free pas- sage, with promise of advancement when they came to England. In May, 1688, the Prince Elector of Saxony was splendidly entertained by his Highness the Prince of Orange, at Homslaerdike ; and the next day his Highness accompanied him to Scheveling, where they went on board a small vessel that carried them to a squadron of seventeen men-of-war, which arrived from Schouvelt, under the command of Vice-Admiral Allemond, who upon their approach sent two light frigates and a shallop to meet them, and thejf were saluted with the cannon of all the ships : when, hav- ing dined on board the Vice-Admiral, they returned to Scheveling, and from thence his Electoral Highness went to visit Delft.. Rotterdam, Doi-t, Maestricht, Leige, Aix and Cologne, and so returned home by the way of Frankfort ; about which time the Envoy of Brandenburg acquainted the Prince of Orange and the States with the death of the Elector, his master, a Prince extremely firm to the Protestant interest, and whose death was much regretted by the Protestant Princes and States, the Prince and States sending a gentleman with compliments of condolence to his son and successor. The King of England having obtained the opinion of his judges, for the dispensing power, soon made use of it ; for first he employed Popish officers, and HOUSE OF OBANGB. 127 ^"5 ]f '°g recaUed from the government nf T i j and the Earl of Ivrmnno] . s^ ™ °' Ireland, Wm. to the At to^Tof th^THT* *° '"""^ for Uberty Teonscfence l^H ""^ T P-Mshed with much resDect ht tl,^ England being received Kingandthe"rd'4*ra\GuKtS'^^i^^^ '"]' corporatio^Zt weS^u^ted"'"'*'" "' ^^"^"" away; these and dive Jo heSi Zf T **''*'' the nation into a ferment anVrt^ proceedings put for"u£/:,ftiietr^sfr "'^ <^''='^™«- to command allX Sy to read KZ'°'^ "'•'^'^y churches and phon«l„ tiT''^ ''" rea,a it m their several that the rstS™iH!?-T'?ri *« ''^gdom, and their severddTcier but /hf "^^^ *''"'" throughout against the L^iishop of LnCThe^aT ''"^ rco^e::ilx!^^;-?f ^tSntis tne nation, and portended some sudden altera- 128 THE HISTORY OF THS I I'll: .; I I' I > inilii i'J tion ; the Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge being de- prived of his office, and suspended of his headship for refusing to admit one Alban Francis, a Benedic- tine monk, to be Mastei of Arts without taking the oaths, by virtue of the dispensing power, though contrary to the statutes which he had sworn to maintain; and the Fellow^* in Magdalen College, in Oxford, being twenty-six in number, for refusing to admit one Farmer, a scandalous Popish priest, to the presidentship of that college, and electing Dr. Hough, were pronounced guilty of disobedience to His Majesty's commands, and deprived and expelled from their respective fellowships ; and the Bishops, judging that their distributing the declaration would be an owning and asserting the Kong's assumed dispensing power, and foreseeing the pernicious con- sequences thereof, the Archbishop of Canterbury and six others drew up a petition in behalf of themselves and their brethren, setting forth the reasons why they could not comply therewith. This was so ill resented by the King and his Popish councillors, that the petition was judged tumultuary, and all the seven Bishops were committed prisoners to the Tower. And now the Jesuits acted their master- piece of policy, as they imagined, though it proved very fatal to them : for, knowing that the King grew old, and that on his life the hopes of restoring their religion depended, since the heir-apparent was a Protestant, who would soon ruin all their machina- tions, they resolved, if possible, to advance a Popish successor, and thereby ensure Popery and slavery to the nation. Hereupon they raised a report, some time before, that the Queen was with child, though the people did not believe it, and several lampoons were made upon that subject ; and the Bishops being +V,- _ _ J rf-\ n /~K» r\ ■•■ -r r\ i^ HOUSE OF ORANGE. 129 m^TZ *^. ^^" '"^ h^^"^' ^^d accordingly June 10th, 1688, It was published that she was dehvered riicW To t "''? *'%^^^-^ ordered aUsiS^^^^ thll^W r ^^^^^y^ after, who, being tried at Hounslow HeTthniiouted for of t^Tl. ""^^ '* mortification of the Court •" ^' ** ^''^'^ „.u^%^^^ having declared that he intended tn rf ol!tf^"'^* *° ,*""• ^'^ declaration of Hb^rt! of conscience into a law, and likewise to abrS that ™hw7 ! I^nnee and Prmcess of Orange upon undeloWo *°.7'>'* P-«Pose, Mr. James ItewS ^ih^<.^ ? ^"*f * '**"«'■ to pensionary Faeel not without the knowledge and approbation of thf KiZ wbch occasioned Mynheer Fagel's answer to thfs *i,^^j?j *'^''" ffighnesses had often declared ».. StaL rt ,"^Je«tys envoy extraordinW to the oulhTtotpeLcute'dtt""" '''?* no ?;hristia: n«£l 1.^ persecuted tor his conscience, or be ill- blTshed rSon^' ''!?. ^'T '""^ ^'^^^'^ '^d es ". that even feP' ^°* *«£?f<"-e ^ey could be content land L^ght be fXX''"^^'^' ^'=''*'f"* ^"'' I^^ te^tir^DL^s^rtrr-s^^^ -d - xo^ th^ p- J "~ ' "^^" iiigiiiiesses aid not only 130 THE HISTORY OF THB It |i 1i consent, but heartily approved of their having an entire liberty or the full exercise of their religion without any trouble or hindrance. That their High- nesses were ready, in case Hia Maiosty of England should desire it, to declare their willingness to con- cur in the settling and confirming this liberty, as far as it lay in them ; and were ready, if desired, to con- cur in repealing the laws, provided always that those laws remain still in their full force and vigour, whereby the Roman Catholics are excluded out of both Houses of Parliament, and out of all public employments, ecclesiastical, civil, and military, as likewise all those other laws which confirm the Pro- testant religion, and which secure it against all the attempts of the Roman Catholics. But that their Highnesses could not agree to the repealing of the tests, or those penal laws that tend to the security of the Protestant religion, since the Roman Catholics receive no other prejudice from these than the being excluded from the Parliament or from public em- ployments : and that by them the Protestant reli- gion is covered from all the designs of the Roman Catholics against it, or against the public safety, and neither the t3sts nor those other laws can be said to cai-ry in them any severity against the Roman Ca- tholics, upon account of their consciences, they being only provisions qualifying men to be Members of Pai'liament, or to be capable of bearing offices, by which they must declare before God and man, that they are for the Protestant religion ; so that all this amounts to no more than a securing the Protestant religion from any prejudice that it may receive from the Roman Catholics. That their Highnesses have thought, and do still think, that more than this ought not to be asked nor expected from them ; since, bv these means, the Roman Catholics and their pos- it HOUSE OF ORANOE. j their religion; and tharthe r1 '^*'"* exercise of to be satisfied with tUs aJiH n .r'5.*^**'''^"^ ou>« Icifg! in employment ; or, becau ' ^ ^^^'ament, or to & security of the Protestwl^r"?" '*^«. therein the are not repealed, by which ttelT "u^'^^y ~°«i«te! to overturn it ; that thSr HtL?"^ ^ ,« """^ition that the Dissenters wou M be ?nr ""^^ ^^ "^Meved they should be for ever ~7f "^^^^^d ^'hen of bemg disturbed or^l^Zli ^''T «" danger eise of their religion ^T^t ^"'' ^''^ ^ee ex?r- soever." S"""' "°der any pretence what th^U^ittLtfXt^'al'd^-'^"- -"*en by sentiments of their H,»h' ^ discovering the iu^t please the Papist^ K^H' T'^'* '''^ "°C parrying all before thrma^dth^^* «Pectations of m his second letter t^t^l^T^fore, Mr. Steward says: "Thatthe Court', P^'r^r, awhile after taken other me^sur^s 0"'*« %ond it. and h^^^^ after appeared: namety ^i^AV^.%^''^ soon nesses of tlipir i»o<. • r ' ''^cieteat their Rovnl tt,- i> eionof the !^^w^"t'"X'*r'* '?«'>' to tKt' dehvered of a Pi^^c^o'/waks"^ *''''' *^ ^"^^"^i 'he deploSfc? t^ Si" ' ^°^>« away. notwithSi/g aMTate* "5°"^ '*'^«" made by the law in ft=t k u irT and provision ranto against ZZ^l^^''"' ^^-^^^ *^"° War- question! ; all thi^l':;efi:LPtT"°^ '"^?""°« Popery, for which tSe Tonrl! f ir , P^Pagation of have now for 1 W ti2 ?"«'^°'' *"'* ^^^e themselves endeavon!l f strenuously bestirred suade thdr H£w^!"ft„ ^"f^''^' "'"^ ^ P«r- the penal laws and tesAT^T^^^^ *■''" abolishing ed). The Queen" being wHhfhildTl ^'^T^'"*" and divulged by Pooil^V?! , 5"?' proclaimed thereof, a child produ^eS l^T^l ^"^ '" "^« ««quel evidence of "uffictnt 1^ °"* ^^ •='«»"• P-'oof or besides, t),»/ it ^^""^ unsuspected witnesse«- uesiaes that it cannot be believed thof *k„ ■ j i?, ,' was ever born of tim O,,. ""^^^'^ fat the said child sickness and indl^fe' \'''^^'^ of her known ments, as not betnon^ed b^'°^ °*^^ "'S'^- going signs of concpntL^u V ^^^ <=«'^'n fore- beinl oS chZeTi",' ^'^^P'ace of her lying-in brate^d in the abtfce t? th^ p"**'"* '"'^'^'^ <=«!«- and while the SlL ,. j*?" ^""""^^ of Denmark, bedstead wSch w^pro^tnUr "' '=^"™'^' ^ « CO — .•_ ii . . "'."^ proviaed with annn^rr^^ir.^^ '^"c^c m me Hide of if K^t- tttT,- i, • - —"-iu. pcus- ue 01 It, by which means the child was 134 THE HISTORY OF THE conveyed to the Queen by the Ladies L'Abadie and Taurarier ; that these be matters left to the discre- tion of^ a free parliament, and that in the name of your Highnesses, and the whole nation, the Queen may be desired to prove the real birth of the pre- tended Prince of Vales, by a competent number of credible witnesses of both sexes ; or in case of a fail- ure herein, that the reports of any such birth may be suppressed for the time to come. That they hum- bly crave the protection of their Highnesses in this matter, as well as with respect to the abolition and suspension of the laws made to maintain the Pro- testant religion, their civil lights, fundamental liber- ties, and free government ; and that their Highnesses would be pleased to insist that, besides the business of the child, the government of England according to law may be restored ; the laws against Papal jurisdiction, priests, (Sec, be put in execution; the suspending and dispensing power be declared null and void, and the privileges of the City of London, free choice of magistrates, and all other liberties, as well as that of other corporations, be restored and maintained." Their Highnesses, with no less willingness than generosity, and out of their zeal for the Protestant religion, and compassion of the oppressed, listened to their complaints. And his Highness, well weigh- ing the justness of their requests, and the reality of their grievances, instantly began to take measures in order to their deliverance. And soon after, his Highness went to meet the Elector of Brandenburg, and some other princes and noblemen of Germany | at Minden, which so alarmed the French King, that Monsieur d'Avaux, his ambassador, presented a me- morial to the States General, intimating that the nformed of i. " liiutiuiiH and HOUSE OF ORANGE. jgg temburgh and the S ^ Cardinal of Furs- maintain the Ca^„S3''^V ¥ «:«« resolved to aU those who ^ttgo abouuTf ?" M ''^t^ '^'^'"^* herein the poUtios If K^ ^ trouble them ; but his Highness X Since of R ^^'^ ^"^"^ J"'™. affai,^ with such exact seLcr^ar^-r^ ¥^ King nor his saD-i/.;^„= ''"'"recy, that neither the the design, mfZT„T''t "°"^.'* P^^^'^ate int^ -doutff Z^'rTbSd^tfer ^f ^"""*r> Highness's return from tJ^f .Tt ^°^ "P^" l^'s were given for draw^^fl,.*^''*'"''?**^"^' orders raised^for his H^hZX „ -^f •*' ^^' States had them upon the fc; T^^'^^ttT'^^H those Princes whom bi« Tr iT ' , , ® '°''Ces of aid him in this^Sus exfefe'' ^/ 'T^^^ *° upon their marS ,« ^?, ^^ *iP"' '^'^'^ "ders to be C&ssel, &c Shi St?frV™"t"^"g- Hesse- the Hague, whl his H^^ ""*' assembled at their dlbaies S consSfe' .T"^ PT"^"*' ^'^'^ very private for some da v^!T t^"?^ ^^^ ^^P*' the following maSto Z!' '"^"^ t^ey published andmt\*;sfiX'^J::tt ^"^ *.'''' *'P« mvited by the reiternH^ • f"^?'.'^'"' ''e"^ nobility aid eentr^ of t, "^Portunities of tZ hitrar/goverim S lich& ° "PP^ ^'"'* - designing to introdi.Z ;„♦ I^ .^"tannic Majesty is deteLinId to grovel to ^^^^^^^^ '''¥*""' ''^ f"% that reason as to sive thp P vT% ^ ^«H ^ Ws. Majesty ha^ 'Z resoK df f"' ^'''* which enterprises beino' IT^ destroy. Both God and man and 3; i T*™,'^ '° *>>« 'aws of dom of wS .w P«:rt>«"larly those of the kino-. the Prince of O^Z-T-h"''? ?l"""'' ^^version, oi urange, instigated by motives of his i 136 THE HISTORY OF THE own innate piety which will not permit him to Buffer the ruin of religion, nor the overturning of so fair a kingdom, has resolved to call a free parlia- ment, (fee, for which reasons, and because the de- sign of the King of England is manifestly apparent by the strict alliance which he has contracted with the most Christian King, who now bears no good- will to the United Provinces, and whose proceed- ings are justly, therefore, by them to be suspected ; so that if his Britannic Majc^aty should be suffered to become absolute in his dominions the United Provinces could be no longer in security ; and, there- fore, it being their interest that the fundamental laws of ths,t kingdom and the English religion should be pi-eserved, they hoped that God would bless the Prince of Orange with happy success." King James, though at first he would not believe that the vast preparations in Holland concerned him, though the French King had given him notice of them some time before, was now fully convinced thereof by this manifesto : and all of a sudden the bells began to ring backward at Whitehall, i ad the first news we heard of their disturbance was a pro- clamation, September 28, 1688, by which it was in- timai^ed that " the King had received undoubted intelligence that a great and sudden invasion from Holland was to be speedily made in an hostile man- ner upon this kingdom, under the false pretences of liberty, property and religion ; but that an absolute conquest of his kingdoms, and the subduing him and his dominions to a foreign power, &c. However, relying upon the ancient courage, faith and allegiance of his people, as he had formerly ventured his life for the honour and safety of the nation, so he was now resolved to live and die in de/ence thereof, against all enemies whatsoever," kc. After this, the King HOUSE OF ORANGE. 137 sued forth a proc Wtinn f2^^ / ^°°<*'"'' ""<* >«" -. tioM to their aSthL T^""?^ «" '^^°^^- francWses, i^ short Ll^n^T','"''"'^^."'' ^ghte and that he i^^hZltT^^uTCr "^^yf crown. • ^ ^^ ^^® ^^* coming to the mSt 7thrc±temLl'\\«.°?i* P'^^y - the Prince of Wales still wl^' '''*'. *^^ '''°^ "^ «ie childwaaSLd'TC ™'r« -Iri^en attempt to land P'*"* ^^'^^ *« ^"^■uy should sembtrf Ifs K^^u^^r"'!?'* a particular as- peers,^spiritual ai7te«' rtf"*-^"!'^' ^^ gether with the Lord C; ^ T";^ '" '°^' ^O" r^tv of r.nr,^^„ itr- ,"'^yor and aldermen of thp selLLerM!r''Sl-''"''.r«^''^ of '"i^ eoun! called them together^;™"i"° *"" *''''* "'^^ had cation, but tKtrSntr^^ilf '^''^'°?T O"- extraordinarv remndiM tK 7*,^'^^**f^ ™™t have vom^ of his adye"tSes hid J'''-"'''''?T «" ^^e time of herfabour ^d^t]^^'''"'i*"'^ the whole you but will easily b^fev^rff^- ^t'^ '' °°°« "^ so much for coMcienee il ' ' ^^° ''^^^ ™ff«red of so great a WIW to th^' '^°,- "' ^ ""P^We children. I tha^k Ood tw P^^J"^'"^ °^ "X own know well tW u • *■"'* *^°«« ^^o know me would te done by Jd Z.'f "'=^P/l '° ^^ "- I thousand deaths ttto th! , T"'^ "'*'^«' <1'« » my children." ° ^''^ ^^^^^ ^rong to any of -V^n'tteg^ZyVT" '"^''f J'*"-^ -A-nce King, by Kis laTe Et?L I P|°P ** f^'^'* whom the repultion), who daUv di,.'^ ^^i°"^ ^""^^^d ^is dared, their lonmnT' Y .'''^"oj^red, as far as they Highness the S of 0™n' ^"^ ^^..''^val of JlL the^^parent mSf^fr itp^^^J^-^^^f^m James's ambassador af. ♦!.<> i"~- AlbeviUe, King morial to the deputies of thTi^Uo^rrupo: 140 THE HISTORY OF THE that subject; but while he expected an answer the troops embarked, and his Highness and the Marshal bchomberg came to the Hague, and on Friday, Oc- tober 16, the fleet, consisting of six hundred and thirty-five men of war, fire-ships, tenders, &c., for the carnage of horse, foot, arms and ammunition, sailed about four in the afternoon from the Flats near the Brill, with the wind at S. W. and by S, The Pnnce embarked in a vessel of between twenty- eight and thirty guns, with Count Solmes, Count btirum, the Sieur Bentwick, the Sieur Overkirk Marshal Schomberg, Count Charles his son, with several others, as well English noblemen as strangers who were in the fleet. Next day they came in sight of Schevelinge, but meeting with a very terrible storm, which continued for two days and nights to- gether, was forced to put into harbour again, some ships and small vessels on which the horses were aboard, suffering some prejudice. Upon their return the Pnnce immediately gave an account to the States Creneral of the condition of the fleet, which was not so much damaged as was published in the English Gazette, but rather turned to the advantage of his Highness as the affair was managed ; for, to make the English Court more remiss in their preparations, the Haarlem and Amsterdam Gazettes told a most lamentable story of what had happened, as " that the Prince was returned, with his fleet so miser- ably torn and shattered, that he had lost nine of his men-of-war and several lesser vessels; that one thousand of his horse were utterly lost; that a calenture was got among the sea- nien; that Dr. Burnet and several of the Prince's chief ministers were drowned; and that the States had an ill opinion of the expedition in general, so that it was a thincr nlmnaf iTnT^/>ca;ki« HOUSE OF ORANGE. 14 j hTh!T I '=<»n'?ission, aud the other grants which he had newly made to be suspended, till he heard the Pnnce was again put to sea, and thereby S the whole nation sensible how little trust of credit wa^to be given to his most solemn promises ^d declarations But all hands being at work Zt damage tha had been sustained las repaired in neet, but the small advice boats cruisinir for morp S^ir^feiav^rth^^'il?^^^^^ only Admiral Herbert, with^ part of th.' n T*^ fleet which had been for some hoCs s^^ ed W the mam body In the morning the Se Ive^ signal for the Admirals to come aboard of hi£ ^ soon after the fleet was Jt into rt» m ir^"'"'' lands, at which time theCt^s'ordel^d to d"" ."Pi? ''^y- fo^-^^n or fifteen deep Ws Hki i fal"iuh l^\'\^\'^^ called the^Bri L^S^^g a flag with Enghsh colours, with this motto «Thf Protestant religion and liberties of Emfland " «n^ underneath, " I will maintain it." In^ metit^me the counci of _war sent two small fri^ZTt^^T moutr. 01 the Thames, who, returning, 'brought news 142 THE HISTORY OF THE ; 1 that the English fleet lay at the buoy in the Oar about thirty-four sail, the wind contra^ at ENE' the whole fleet between Dover and Calais, seventy- five deep which extended in breadth within a leao^e ot each place, the flani^s and rear being guarded by Z!':f^'^^l' ^t *^?^P^*« sounding and drums beat- mg at least three hours together ; after which, the Prince giving the signal for the fleet to close, they sailed that night as far as Beachy, and the nS morning came in view of the Isle of Wight, and then orders were given to extend the fleet in aline as be- Tnl. ^^®„^^^* ^or^mng they made directly for lorbay. Upon his Highness's arrival, the people flocking m great numbers to the shore, signified their welcome m loud acclamations of joy. Soon alter, the Prince gave two signals for the Admirals to come on board, and then the whole fleet cast an- chor and preparation was- made for landing, whilst the Admirals stood out to sea as a guard, and the small men-of-war attended for the difence of those that landed, besides six men-of-war that were ordered to run in and guard the bay itself. It is remarkable that his Highnesss had a brisk east and ncHh-easterly wind for two days, which brought them directly toward Torbay, and the wind then turning westerly, carried them into the bay, which otherwise might have been veiy troublesome and dangerous. .r^A^ Prince now displayed a red flag at the mizen yard-arm while General Mackay, ^th six regi- ments of foot, was the first that set foot on sho?e under the protection of the "Little Porpoise," which was ordered to run herself aground to secure their landing This was upon November 6th, a day memorable to the English before, but now doubly HOUSE OF ORANGE. 143 remai-kable for a second deUverance from the bloody froT' t- *'"' ^''P'^^^- ^"* «>« P«°Pl« were so Z from making opposition, that they only stood there to welcome then- guests with all manner of pr^ ,«f«hf l*''i/^?-^^''T"'^; «o that his Highness safely landed his whole army, consisting of ten twT^K ''^ l^"-'^'^'? "-"^ ninety-two fL, and three thousand six hundred and sixty horse- in all fourteen thousand three hundred and fifty- ried'loTh?^^ *%^rince's being landed was ear- ned to the Earl of Bath at Exeter, and Captain Hicks going thither, the people flocked to him n great numbers to list themselves in the service of ^ft u f ^'■'"'g*- ;»■• «'Wch the mayor of the city would have sent him to prison, but was pre- vented by the people. The next day the ?o^ Mordaunt with Dr. Burnet came thitherf with three or tour troops of horse and, commanding the gates to be opened, released the captain, and going to the mayor, asked him if he would wait upon the Prmce at his entrance, who, pleading his obli- fTLf^r '"'^^- ^ ^'"g ^'^''- »•! desir- ing that his conscience might not be imposed ^, was excused. The next day the Prince, with his guards, marched into the city, and went to the Dean's house, where he resided durmg his stay at Exeter; after whom followed abouT T lY^ r t ™y' ^^^ ^«™ 'l^'tered Places tZ^- ,^"l^>?»Pt°?. Honyton and other foThL I /^"'^t^ foUowing his Highness went to the cathedral, where his Highness's declaration of A^^l i" r°# i?™ *•" W^*'' i° *™ i" the king- dom of England, for preserving the Protestant reli- gion, and tor rftsfnriTinr iV^o. i;i.^^i.- .. ^n tti. i ?ion, and for restoring the HbertleV^rEndand" irfim.Tirl xiTQa -^^^^ U— t\.. t> . ■, ' Scotland and IreL U4, THE HISTORY OP THE fore a numerous auditory, the substance whereof the nnWii' ""^ **"fi" ^"^ «^<'«°* to all men, that 8tat« could not be preserved where the laws liber- n i wer? n ""t ^'^''^^^d ^ '^e lawful auihority m It were openly transgressed and annulled more SS'anT *>• ^'*^™"'"' "^ religion taTet aeavoured and a religion contrary to law designed to be introduced, whereas they who werl mosUm "ound^i^ """^""^ therein'^were indispe^aWy bound to preserve the established laws, liberties Zd c^.ih^t-^''^^'^ *•>«■"■ ^""^ t° take effectual ZX}^t-t ■^'^al'^tants of such state or kingdom ed of their civil rights, more especially since the greatness of kings, royal famiUes, and aUin author! vLt dl "^ f-' ''"PP'"^^^ of *eir subjectsand people, depended in a more especial marnier upon an exact observation of those their laws libert"ennd Sr'dVhTh J^'t^^r ^'^ Highnet ftXr wnrW lii 1, """^"^ "" '""g^"" forbear to let the world know how apparently he saw with regret that they who had then the chief credit with t!L Kin„ had overturned the reUgion, laws, and liberties rf these realms, and subjected them in all thiZ rlt- mg to their consciences, liberties, and propTties to arbitrary government, and that not onV by ecret matn'^'Tat" r ^"' ^f ''^ °P^° '^^'^ -4uS^d mannei , that those evil counsellors, for advancing and covering this with some plausibk pretences dl mvent and set on foot the King's dispe^isingTO by virtue of which they pretend that, acco?dCto of Thnir Tr/"? and dispense with'the exeXn of those laws that have been enacted by the authoi" HOUSE OF ORANGE. 145 ity of King and Parliament for the security and happiness of the subject, and to render these laws of no effect, but it is most certain that they cannot be suspended but by the same authority that made them ; for, though the King may pardon the punish- ment of a transgressor in cases of treason andfelony, yet it caanot, with ^.ny colour of reason, be thence inferred that he can entirely suspend the execution of those laws unless he has such an arbitrary power that the laws, liberties, honours and estates of the subjects depend wholly upon his good-will and pleas- ure ; and though they have obtained a sentence for asserting this dispensing power to be a right depend- ing on the Crown, yet it cannot be imagined that it should be put in the power of twelve judges to offer up the laws, rights, and liberties of the whole nation to the arbitrary will of the King, especially such as are first advanced, and then threatened to be turned out if they do not comply therein ; and some Papists, who are incapable by law, are made judges. " That the King, though known to be a Papist, was yet received and acknowledged by the people to be their King, and did solemnly swear and promise at his coronation that he would maintain their laws and liberties, and the Church of England, as it was established by law; and though several laws have been lately made for preserving their liberties and the Protestant religion, and to prevent all Papists from being put into any employment, yet these evil counsellors have in eff"ect annulled and aboHshed all those laws, and in direct opposition thereto, have set up an illegal commission, for ecclesiastical affairs, in which one of the King's ministers, who is a Papist, sits and acts, though by law incapable of any public emplovment: that fh^sp rVrYii • • . -^ r J 1 nm a a 1 /^ T> r\ ■»!« 5 A •iiJJJJi'w'iiVX CI i.ia V c Sua- 146 THE HISTORY OF THE pended the Bishop of London, only for refusing to obey an order to suspend a worthy divine without citation or process ; they have turned out the Presi- dent and Fellows of Magdalen College, without cit- ing them before any legal court or competent judge only for refusing to choose for their legal president, a person recommended by these evil counsellors, con- trary to the right of free election, and contrary to magna charta, 'That no man shall lose life or goods but by the law of the land ; ' and afterward, put the College wholly into the hands of Papists. They have cited before them all the chancellors and arch- deacons of England, to certify the names of the clergy, who did not read the King's declaration for hberty of conscience, though the reading of it was not enjoined them by the Bishops, who are their or- dinaries. These evil counsellors have procured orders for building several Popish churches, chapels, mon- asteries, colleges of Jesuits for corrupting of youth, and raised one to be a privy councillor and minister of state, contrary to several express laws, by the rules of which they evidently show that they are no way restrained, and wherein they are served and seconded by these ecclesiastical commis- sioners. " They have also followed the same methods in civil affairs, by procuring orders to examine all lord lieutenants, deputy-lieutenants, sheriffs, justices of peace, and all others that were in any public em- ployment, whether they were for taking away the penal laws and tests, and those who in conscience could not comply were turned out, and divers un- qualified persons put in their rooms; they have seized upon the charters of several towns, and pro- cured the surrender of others, which elect parliament men; and placed new magistrates, many of them HOUSE OF ORANGE. 147 Papists in divers corporations. They have removed such judges, as would not. in all things loioT to their designs, and put in others whoS complLc^ they discerned beforehand ; whereby muZS had been shed in many place's of the kfngdomagaiMt all the forms aad rules of law without lufTerine the persons accused to plead in their own defence fhev Wepu the administrationof justice fnto the hS ofPapiste, though all their sentences are nuj" °nd ployments, in the same manner both by sea and'laS English to maintam and execute their wicked de^ in Ireland, the whole government is cut into tbo hands of Papists, so that the ProtestantsThrou^ tor! T '\''^«i° g^^'^t number left that kingd "m M,d f«^^\r IT- ""u^ ";««^acre in 1641. ^In Scot- land the King has declared himself clothed ^^h 1„^ '"'t^'^'' ^?** ^Pres sions,and open contempts of all laws being insufferable, have put the subiecteZler great fears, and to look out for such lawful remits as are alWed of in all nations; but to "£ from endeavouring to preserve their liv^^de^ tates by petition or other means authorized W law the evil counsellors proceeded with rigour ^aS A^^kI^" T^ *^f '"^*'^<'«' Partfcularlf tZ Archbishop of Canterbury, and others, who humbly offenng their reasons, why they could not orde^the declaration of liberty of conscience to be read fn the churches were sent to prison, and after trial, as if guilty of some enoimous crime, and obliged to ap- pear before nrnfBaaorl Po«;„4„ . j xv. T«, j=ra, auu uiuae judges tiiat .0^ .,m>m'^ 148 THE HISTORY 01* THfi gave their opinion in their favour were turned out. Ihey have also treated a peer of the realm as a criminal, for saying, that the subjects were not bound to obey the orders of a Popish justice of the peace, because they were put into employments contrary to the law. ^ J " That his Highness, and his dearest and most be- loved consort, the Princess, have signified to the King, m terms full of respect, the just and deep re- gret these proceedings have given them, and, in com- pliance with his desires, have declared their thoughts about repealing the penal laws and tests, whereby they hoped there might have been an happy agree- ment among the subjects of all persuasions, which yet these evil counsellors have so misrepresented, as to endeavour to alienate the King more and more from them, as if they designed to disturb the quiet and happiness of the kingdom ; and the 1 fc and ' ^eat remedy for all these great evils being . e call- ing of a parliament, for securing the nation against the practices of these evil counsellors, cannot be easily brought about, since by a parliament duly chosen, they doubt to be called to account for all their open violations of the laws, their plots and conspiracies against the Protestant religion, and the lives and Uberties of the subjects, their designing, under the specious pretence of liberty of con- science, to sew divisions among Protestants, and from their mutual quarrels to carry on their own designs, to prevent which, the electors and elected for parliament men, are to be beforehand en- gaged to comply with their wicked designs, and the returns are to be made by Popish sheriffs and mayors of towns, so that this only remedy of a free parliament is hereby made im- IT -' HOUSE OF ORANGE. 149 " And to crown all, there are great and violent presumptions, inducing their Highnesses to believe that these evil counsellors to gain more time to car- ry on their ill designs for encouraging their accom- plices, and discouraging all the good subjects, they have published that the Queen hath brought forth a son, though there appeared, both during the Queen's pretended bigness, and in the manner in which the birth was managed, so many just and visible grounds of suspicion, that not only their Highnee=es but all the good subjects of this kingdom, vehe- hemently suspect that the pretended Prince of Wales was not born of the Qi-.en ; and since their Highnesses have both so great an interest in this naatter, and such a right, as all the worid knows, to the succession of the crown, and since the English nation had ever testified a most particular a ction and esteem to them both ; their Highnesses cannot excuse themselves from espousing their interests in a matter of such high consequence, and from con- tributing all that in them lies, for the maintaining oi the Protestant religion, and of the laws and liber- ties of those kingdoms, and for securing to them the continual enjoyment of all their just rights : to the r'^? J 1 '^^^^^> ^i» Highnest is most earnestly solicited by a great many lords, both spiritual and temporal, and by many gentlemen and other sub- jects of ail ranks. "Therefore it is, that his Highness hath thought fit to go over into England, and to carry over a force sutticient, by the blessing of God, to defend him from violence of those evil counsellors : his Highness de- claring that this expedition is intended for no other design, but to have a free and lawful pariiament as- sembled as soon «.« if. lo T^ncailJ^ ^^A 1-L..4. :_ J-., , - — — •• i--"-~ii>-ric, aiixx tiitii/, ill UiUUr thereto, all the late charters, limiting of elections, "' '^^^^^^■"' 160 THE HISTORY OF THE contrary to custom, shall be considered as null and of no force, and all magistrates to return to their former employments, and particularly the ancient charter of London, to be again in force ; and none to be suftered to choose or be chosen parHament men but those qualified by law : and that the members ot parhament so chosen, shall sit in fiill freedom for making laws to secure the Protestant religion, and to establish a good agi-eement between the Church of England and all Protestant Dissenters ; as also for the securing and covering of Papists, and all others, who will live peaceably from all persecution tor religion, and for doing all other things, which the two houses of parliament shall find necessary for the peace, honour and safety of the nation, so that there may be no more danger of the nation's falling at any time hereafter under arbitrary government • to wh h parliament his Highness will also refer the inquiry into the birth of the pretended Prince of Wales, and of all things relating to it, and the riffht 01 succession. ° "And his Highness declares that for his part he wiU concur m everything that may produce the peace and happiness of the nation, which a free and lawful parliament shall determine, since his Highness hath nothing before his eyes in this his undertaking but the preservation of the Protestant religion, the covering of all men from persecution for their con- sciences, and the securing to the whole nation the free enjoyment of all their laws, rights and liberties under a just and legal government. Hfe Highness further declares that this is the de- sign he has proposed in appearing upon this occasion m arms ; m the conduct of which his Highness would keep the forces under his command, under all the strictness of martial discipline, and take a special HOUSE OF ORANOE. 151 care that the people of the countries through which he shall march, shall not suffer by their means ; and, as soon as the state of the nation will permit it, his Highness promises that he will send back all those foreign troops that he hath brought along with him ; his Highness does therefore hope that all the people will judge rightly of his proceedings ; though he does chiefly rely on the blessing of God for the success of this his undertaking, in which he places his whole and only confidence. " Lastly, his Highness doth invite and require all persons whatsoever, all the peers of the realm, both spiritual and temporal, all lords-lieutenants, deputy- lieutenants, and all gentlemen, citizens and other commons of all ranks, to come and assist him, in order to the executing of this his design, against all such as shall endeavour to oppose him ; that so, all those miseries which must need follow, upon the na- tions being kept under arbitrary government and slavery, may be prevented, and that all the violences and disorders which have overturned the whole con- stitution of the English government, may be fully redressed in a free and legal parliament. His Highness likewise resolving that as soon as the nations are brought to a state of quiet, he will take care that a parliament shall be called in Scotland, for restoring the ancient constitution of that kingdom, and for bringing the matters of religion to such a settlement that the people may be easy and happy; for putting an end to all the un- just violences that have been, in a course of so many years, committed there ; and that his Highness will also study to bring the kingdom of Ireland to such a state that the settlement there may be re- ligiously observed, and that the Protestant and British interests may be secured, and will endeavour, 152 THE HISTORY OF THE by all possible means, to procure such an establish- ment m all the three kingdoms, that they may all live in a happy union and correspondence together, and that the Protestant religion, and the peace and happiness of these nations may be established upon lasting foundations." ^ Soon after, His Highness published an additional declaration to this effect : " That after he had prepared and printed the tormer declaration, His Highness understood that the subverters of the religion and laws of the king- dom, hearing of his preparations to assist the people against them, had begun to retract some of their arbitrary and despotic powers, and vacated some un- just judgments and decrees, occasioned by the sense of their guilt, and the distrust of their force, hoping thereby to quiet the people, and divert them from demanding the re-establishment of their religion and laws under the shelter of his Highness' arms ; and do also give out that his Highness intended to con- quer and enslave the nation : though his Highness is conhdent that no person can have such hard thoughts of him as to imagine that he hath anv other design in this undertaking than to procure a settlement of religion, of the liberties and properties ot the subjects upon so sure a foundation, that there may be no danger of the nations relapsing into the like miseries at any time hereafter, and as the forces that his Highness brought along with him are utterly disproportioned to the wicked design of conquering the nation, if he were capable of intending it : so the great number of the principal nobility and gentry that are men of eminent quality and estates, and of known integrity and zeal for the religion and government of England who do accompany, and have cjirnesciy soLciied his Highness to this expedition HOUSE OF ORANGE. 153 will cover him from all such malicious insinuations • smce It cannot be imagined that these should join in' a wicked attempt of conquest, to make void their - own lawful titles to their honours, estates and in- terests. His Highness is likewise confident, that all men see how little weight is to be laid on the promises and engagements that can be now made since there has been so little regard had to them in' times past; and the imperfect redress that is now ottered, as it is a plain confession of the violations of the government, which his Highness hath set forth, so the defect tnereof appears, since they lay down nothing but what they can take up at pleasure, still reservmg entire their claims and pretences to that absolute power which has been the root of aU their oppression, and the subversion of the government • and it IS plain there can be no remedy, no redress but m parhament, by a declaration of the rights of the subjects that have been invaded, and not by anv pretended Acts of Grace, to which the extremity of their affairs haj driven theni ; therefore it is that his Highness has thought fit to declare that he will refer Hament """^^ ^-ssembly of the nation in a lawful par- n^^ Highness likewise sent the following letter to all the ofhcers and seamen of the English fleet:— C^entlemen and friends, we have published a de- claration, contaming a full and tme account of our intentions in this expedition : since it is evident that the Papists have resolved the total extirpation • / n\i ^f ^"^^ religion in Great Britain, and wiU mtallibly reduce you to the same condition in whi#h you see France, if they get once the upper hand. You are now at last sensible that you are made use ' > oiing tnis natiou under means of t 3per^ and slavery by Irish and other 154 THE HISTORY OP THE feigners that are assembling for your destruction Therefore we hope that the ALnighty God will in- spire you with such thoughts as may facilitate your dehverance, and preserve your country and religion from aU these impending miseries, and whereas in all probabihty, this can never be effected, unless you join with us, who labour for your deliverance, we do expect your assistance herein; and shall always re- member," &c. The Prince sent a letter also to the King's army to the same purpose, intimating to them what they might expect both from the cashiering of all the Pro- testant and English officers and soldiers in Ireland, and by the Irish being brought over to be put in their places, when it should be thought convenient for themselves to be turned out ; hoping withal that they would not be abused by a false notion of honour, but would consider what they owed to God their religion and their country, themselves and their posterity, which were to be preferred before all private considerations, and engagements whatso- ever. Whilst his Highness continued at Exeter, the King seemed very resolute at London to oppose him in person, mustering his army at Hounslow Heath and beating up for volunteers in the streets, though with little success ; he then sent for the Bishops whom he had so lataly contemptuously used, to ^- vise him what measures to take in this exigencv who accordingly came in a body, and the Archbishop of Canterbury, in the name of the rest, (delivered himself to this effect :— " That it was necessary for him to restore aU things to the state wherein he found them, when'he came to the crown, by com- mitting all offices of trust to those qualified by law »'>Ih ^y ^^^xK:Da Duuij grievances aa were generally HOUSE OF OKANGE. 165 complained of : to put an effectual stop to all dispen- sations and recall and cancel those which hadX°n m^^Z I?™^ ^^r^^' *^^ ecclesiastical cT iite tor the future: to restore the univeraities to their le^l state, particularly both the MagdXn col^ S ?™hL*TT.'* '¥'' ^"J°y PrelnTent^t those qualified by the statutes of the university and the laws of the land : to suppress the j3 schools and grant no more licenses to such,S apparent y against law and his own interit to send inhibitions after those four Soman Miops who, under the title of apostoUc vica™, presumedT exercise Illegal jurisdiction within the tingdoiT to suffer no more Quo Wa^antos against co^orSion^ and to restore those chartera which had been taken qualihed by law : to act no more by virtue of a dis- pensing power but permit it to be settled by Act of them totvT.'^''^"*" '^ •*'■'" Parliaaient, aad suffer IhlZ^ ^ ?^^ ,gnevances. Lastly, to permit the bishops to lay such motives and ai^ents be- fore him as, by the blessing of God, migEt bring him back to the communion of the Churcl of Enfland mto whose Catholic faith he had been baptized/' Not long after the Lords spiritual and temporal pre- sented the King the following petition :_ ^ ^ ,P.,!?f fif" M'^J^sty'l'nost loyal subjects, in a deep sense of the miseries of a war now breaking forth in the bowels of this your kingdom, and of the danger to which your Majesty's sacred person is thereby like to be exposed, and also of the distractions of yourjeople, l^ reason of their present grievances, -.0 viiiiiK oui-seives oouad in conscience of the duty we owe to God and our holy religion, to your 156 THE HISTORT OP THE Majesty and our country, most humbly to offer to your Majesty, that, in our opinion, the only "Sble 12 *° P-iTr!/""' Majesty, and' this your Ti^! dom would be the calling of a parUament, reSofr and free in all its circumstances. We, therrfoTdo most earnestly beseech your Majesty, that y^ would be c;raciously pleased, with all speed, to <^11 such a Pa^hament, wherein we shall be most ready to pro mote such counsels, and resolutions of peace Ld settlements in church and state, as may See to iC tSr- Y' ^°°'" "''^ ^^^'y- """l *° the quiet- mg the mmds of your people. ^ m 'IZ^J"" ^l^^'^T ^"""^^^y ^^«^^«^ your Majesty, in the meantime, to use such means for the prevent- ing he eftusion of Christian blood, as to your Malsty shall seem most meet. "^ "x xuajesLy " And your petitioners shall ever prav &c NoM. Ebob., W. Asaph, Fran. Ely, Tho. Eoffen, Th. Peteiburg, T. OxoN, " W. Cant, Grafton, Ormond, Dorset, Clare, Clarendon, ^. ^^^ Burlington, Paget, Anglesey, Chandos, Rochester, Osulston " Newport, Presented by the Archbishop of Canterbury the Archbishop of York elect, the'^Bishop of Ely 'and 688 T^U- wf t^^' '^' 1^*^ «^ NoveUer answer:^ ^'""^ ''*""^"^ *^^ '^ll^^W " My Lords, "What you ask of me I most passionately desire and I promise you, upon the faith of a Kin/ that f will havp. a Porlio^-^ii _„_i ■, ^^ ** ^^"^g> i-nat i ■ "r"«^cxxL, ttuu sucn a one as ;you asl? HOUSE OP ORANGE. 167 for as soon a^ the Pnnce of Orange has quitted this realm ; for how is it possible a Parliament should be tree m all its circumstances, as you petition for. whilst an enemy is in the kingdom, and can make a return oi near an hundred voices ? " 41,^^ Highness lay some days at Exeter, expecting that such gentlemen as resided nearest his court should have come to him sooner than those at a distance, but finding something of an unexpected slowness, he could not forbear to signify some little resentment to some of the principal /entlemen of Somersetshire and Devonshire, that came to join him, s eech -i November, 1688, in the following "Though we know not all your persons, yet we have a catalogue of aU your names, and remember the character of your worth and interest in your couD try. You see we are come according to your in- vitation and our promise. Our duty to God obliges us to protect the Protestant religion, and our love to mankind, your hberties and properties. We expected you that dwelt so near the place of our landing, would have joined us sooner; not that it is now too late, nor that we want your military assistance, so much as your countenance and presence, to justify our declared pretensions, rather than accomplish our good and ^acious designs. Though we Lve brought both a fleet and a good army to?ender these kingdoms happy, by rescuing all Protestants from Popeiy, slavery and arbitrary power; by restoring them to their rights and properties established by aw ; and by promoting of peace and trade, which IS the soul of government, and the veiy life-blood P J aII ' ^^i "^^ I^^y ^^^^ ^'i the goodness of troa and the mstiop. nf nnv /.o„«^ 4.1 "..__ i torce and power whatever, yet since God ha^ pleased 158 THE HISTORY OF THE m Wlf r^ ""'^ ""^ ^"'^^^ ™^^^«' ^'^d not expect ^nf^i i' f T. P^««^^a*ion and happiness, let us but Jt '?^'"^ T ^^ *^^^ ^acious opportunity, W ^iP"''*^''^^ ^""^ ^^^^^^ P^* i^ execution ou; andTflnt^p'^TT- . Therefore, gentlemen, friends and fellow-Protestants, we bid you and all your foUower^most heartily welcome to our court^and camp. Let the whole world now judge if our pre- tensions are not just, generous, siLceFe, and above price, since we might have even a bridge of gold to ra W tn"^^^-^"* '^ 'I ""^ P^^^ipl^ ^^d resolution rather to die m a good cause than Uve in a bad one weU knowmg that virtue and true honour Is ?ts TatlX^niy^L?' ""''" ^' ^^^^^ ^^ li.?!!l*Sn-f ^^ f^""' ^'' Highness found the Eng- b! 1,^ i ^ and gently no less faithful to him than tion; b JT *''• t^T'i^^ *^^* ^' «^^^ral declara- theTnrH PI w'^ '^''.*- T^^ ^^^^ Wharton and the Lord Colchester, with a strong party marched through Oxford to his Highness's ^4 wH W op Horn 7^\^"'^ ^'^'^^''' ^*^ another party out of Oxfordshire, got as far as Cirencesterf but were opposed, aud himself taken prisoner by the county militia ; yet his whole party, except four or tive that were slam or maimed in the skirmish broke rpltll?^ . TS^ ^""^ ^^ ^^"^«^iP ^^« ^^on after released out of Gloucester prison by young gentle- men of that county, who took up arms for the Prince and drove out all the Popish crew that were settled in that city The Lord Delamere having raised a considerable force in Cheshire, advanced to Notting- ham to jom the gentlemen of that county, who we?e ready to receive him ; and on the 22nd of Novem- ber, at the rendezvous there, the foUowing declara- tion was pubhshed : ^ HOUSE OF ORANGE. 159 ''We, the nobility, gentry, and commonalty of these northern counties, assembled together at Not- tingham, for the defence of the laws, religion and properties, according to those free-bom liberties and privileges descended to us from our ancestors, as the undoubted birthright of the subjects of this king- dom of England (not doubting but the infringers and invaders of our rights wiB repref? 3nt us to the rest of the nations in the most malicious dress they can put upon us), do here unanimously think it our duty to declare to the rest of our Protestant fellow-subjects the grounds of our present under- taking. " We are, by innumerable grievances, made sensi- ble that the very fundamentals of our religion, liber- ties and properties are about to be rooted out by our late Jesuitical Privy Council, as hath been of late too apparent. 1. By the King's dispensing with all the established laws at his pleasure. 2. By displa- cing all officers out of all offices of trust and advan- tage, and placing others in their room that are known Papists, deservedly made incapable by the established laws of our land. 3. By destroying the charters of most corporations in the land. 4. By discouraging all persons who are not Papists, pre- ferring such as turn to Popery. 5. By displacing all honest and conscientious judges, unless they would, contrary to their consciences, declare that to be law which was merely arbitrary. 6. By brand- ing all men with the name of rebels that but offered to justify the laws, in a legal course, against the arbitrary proceedings of the King, or any of his cor- rupt ministers. 7. By burdening the nation with an army to maintain the violation of the rights of the subjects. 8. By discountenancinsr the established reformed religion. 9. By forbidding the subjects 160 THE HISTORY OF THE the benefit of petitioning, and constructing them libellers, so rendering the laws a nose of wax to serve their arbitrary ends; and many more such like, too long here to enumerate. " We being thus made sadly sensible of the arbi- trary and tyrannical government that is, by the in- fluence of Jesuitical counsels, coming upon us, do iinanimously declare, that not being willing to de- liver our posterity over to such a condition of Popery and slavery as the aforesaid oppressions inevitably threaten, we will, to the utmost of our power, op- pose the same by joining with the Prince of Orange (whom we hope God Almighty hath sent to rescue us from the oppressions aforesaid) ; will use our ut- most endeavours for tho recovery of our almost ruined laws, liberties and religion ; and herein we hope all good Protestant subjects will, with their lives and fortunes, be assistant to us, and not be bugbeared with the opprobrious terms of rebels, by which they would fright us to become perfect slaves to their t3n['annical insolences and usurpations ; for we assure ourselves, that no rational and unbiassed person will judge it rebellion to defend our laws and religion, which all our Princes have sworn at their corona- tions ; which oath, how well it hath been observed of late, we desire a free Parliament may have the consideration of. " We own it rebellion to resist a King that governs by law ; but he was always accounted a tyrant that made his will the law ; and to resist such a one we justly esteem no rebellion, but a necessary defence ; and in this consideration we doubt not of all honest men's assistance, and humbly hope for and implore the great God's protection, that turneth the hearts of His people as pleaseth Him best, it having been observed that people can never be of one mind with- HOUSE OF ORANGE. 161 out hi8 inspiration, which hath in all ages confirmed that observation, • Vox populi est vox Dei/ " The present restoring of charters, and reversing the oppressing and unjust judgment given on Mag- dalen College Fellows, is plain are but to stiU the people, like plums to children, by deceiving them tor a while; but if they shaU by this stratagem be tooled tiU this present storm that threatens the Pa- pists be passed, as soon as they shall be resettled, the former oppression wiU be put on with greater vigour ; but we hope in vain is the net spread in the ?}S^t of the bird, for— 1. Tfc<^ Papists' old rule is, that taith is not to be kept with heretics, as they term Protestants, though the Popish religion is the greatest heresy; and, 2. Queen Mary's so ill observ- ing her promises to the Sufiblk men that helped her to her throne ; and, above aU, 3. The Pope's dis- pensing with the breach of oaths, treaties or pro- naises, at his pleasure, when it makes for the service of the holy church, as they term it. Tliese, we say are such convincing reasons to hinder us from giving credit to the aforesaid mock shows of redress, that we think ourselves bound in conscience to rest on no secitrity that shall not be approved by a freely elected Parliament, to whom, under God, we refer our cause." The Lord Delamere, being assured of the resolu- tion and courageous zeal of his followers, continued awhile m those parts to watch the motions of the Papists m Lancashire, who began to take arms un- der the Lord Molineux, and for a time assisted to guard Chester for the King ; but, upon the surprisal ot that garrison for the Prince, were soon after bea- ten, or, rather, run away out of the town, and dis- banded of themselves. In the north the Earl of JJanby, the Lord Fairfax, and other persons of i n 162 THE HISTORY OF THE quality seized upon the city of York, and turned out the Lord Mayor and other magistrates that were Papists and ill-aflfected. Colonel Copley, the De- puty-Governor of Hull, seized upon all the guards of that garrison, and, with the assistance of some of the townsmen and some seamen, made the Lord Langdale, the governor, and the Lord Montgomery, the Marquis of Powis, his sons, prisoners, till he had secured the citadel, wherein was a plentiful maga- zine of powder and all sorts of provisions, with a train of artillery ready fixed to t3e drawn out into the field. Plymouth, also, with the Earl of Hun- tington and all the Popish officers and soldiers, were seized by the Earl of Bath for his Highness, and at the same time all the chief seaport towns in Corn- wall declared for the Prince, so that there was no enemy behind him to disturb the rear of his advanc- ing army. But the King, being as yet in hopes to force his way through lall the great opposition made him by the whole kingdom, having sent his army before to Salisbury, went thither to them ; yet, before he went, he thought it requisite to provide for the safety of the pretended Prince of Wales, and not daring to trust to the validity of the aforementioned affidavits, for more security he sent him away with a strong gurrd to Portsmoui ., that, if tilings went ill, he should be conveyed over to France. When the King came to Salisbury he began to bleed at the nose, and was observed to continue bleeding for some time, which seemed at that time ominous to him ; but, in the midst of these surprises, more ill news arrived to increase his astonishment ; for, be- sides the Lord Combury, who had carried oflf a con- siderable party of horse to the Prince some time CXVXC, OCTClMi. WUCX i.w^liAACJU(/i3 \Ji. i.UUli iiUiU UUVV UQ' ■ } HOUSE OF OKAKQE. 163 eerted and were gone the same way. Upon his amval near to Salisbury, he was met by the Duke of Berwick the Earl of Feversbam, and .iveral other f^Znf'"l^T^''\''^'^^y *«™ attended to S^e gates of the town, being met by the mayor mi bfc° '" /'^^'^fo^'-'liti^^, and conductTtolhe bishops paJ^. but these flattering appearances soon vamshed. he quickly perceiving tba^C Z. unwilling to engage in en .jloodshed against their own countrymen and of their own -iS wWd^ was to fight with their bodies agaiast their c™ sciences and likewise discovered tCXcontont? i the people, who supplied the machels vSy^^^ foi his army, so that not judging him8'.'f3e among them, and upon a false aSrI thrt MareW Schomberg was within thirty or twent^ Ss rf him, he returned back in aU /aste to Wildsor and from thence to London, being extremely d^,!^ SnebXtc^-'""^ *^^^''* ClL^uTS gone both to the Pnnce, and that the IWncess Am,- of Denmark was also retired from the Oour? The oPZjttlT''- ""f *''« ^^ Chun^hiU tk eS to aeVi^ :- "^ ^^'""^ ^^'"'' ^''""-^ "Sir, "With a heart Ml of grief am I forced to write what pnidence will not permit me to ^y to^o,^ face ; and may I ever find credit with your MajestT and protection from heaven, a« what I now do is free from passion, vanity or design, with whieh^c tions of this nature are too ofteS accomplied'" I am noo 'gn;«nt of the frequent mischief? wTught m the world by factious nretenr™ nf .,j;,.;„. "f"! were not religion the most justifiableoau^'ITt would I 164 THE HISTORY OF THE be made the most specious pretence : and your Ma- jesty has always shown too uninterested a sense of religion to doubt the just effects of it in one whose practices have, I hope, never given the world cause to censure his real conviction of it or his backward- ness to perform what his honour and conscience prompt him to. How then can I longer disguise my just concern for that religion in which I have been so happily educated, which my judgment thorough- ly convinces me to be the best, a,nd for the support of which I am so highly interested in my native country; and is not England now^, by the most en- dearing tie, become so ? '* Whilst the restless spirits of the enemies of the reformed religion, backed by the cruel zeal of France, justly alarm and unite all the Protestant Princes of Christendom, and engage them in so vast an expense for the support of it, can I act so degenerous and mean a part as to deny my concurrence to TiUcIa worthy endeavours for disabusing of your Majesty by the reinforcement of those laws, and establish- ment of that government, on which alone depends the well-being of your Majesty, and the Protestant religion in Europe ? This, sir, is that irresistible and only cause that could come in competition with my duty and obligations with your Majesty, and be able to tear me from you, whilst the same affectionate desire of serving you continues in me. Could I secure your person by the hazard of my life, I should think it could not be better employed : and would to God these your distracted kingdoms might yet receive that satisfactory compliance from your Majesty in all their justifiable pretensions, as might, upon the only sure foundation, that of love and in- terests of your subjects, establish your government, and ao strongly unite the hearts of all your subjects HOUSE OF ORANGE. 165 ^Jm Jnl*>* f • '^' ^T ^3^'^y'' ""^t humble ana most obedient son and servant." The Lord Churchai's letter ran thus : "Sir, " Men are seldom suspected of sincerity when thev act contraiy to their interests ; and tho^Vmy duta^ oveipaid; may not be suiBcient to incline vou to a cdMitable interpretation of my actions, yetThow whi.rf '^^'^*"Se I enjoy under you^ ^.^^ which I can never expect in any other chanieTf government may reasonably con^nce yU Estv and the world that I am aiuated by a Wbfr irin^ ciple, when I offer that violence to my ilcUnE wften your affairs seem to challenge tie strictest. one who r^^^/'r"^ «"^j^' m^ch more W "ml^ab 1*^''"' *l' g^atest peraonal obUgatiT im^able to your Majesty. Ais, sir, could nro- conscience, and necessary concern for my relirion Ml mstructed, nothing ought to come in comnetition Heaven knows with what partiaUty my dS opmion of your Majesty hath hithert^o represented those unhappy designs which inconsiderate^^ L^- mterested men have framed against your I^Ws true mterest and the Protestaft reliriZ But^? ZTes Tb ^"° r* ^""^ *° give^°„retenL"by conquest to bnng thom to effect, so wifi I alwavs votr M.^Tf^f s"'y ^« "^^ fortune (to mS your IVin.iAafir'ci /^I'.^N 1 \ "^^K>M.M J — y .J. ,, „ jj^^^jj^,^.^ preserve vmir royal person and lawful rights, with all thTtend" ill 166 THE HISTORY OF THE concern and dutiful respect that becomes, sir, your Majesty's most dutiful and most obliged subject and servant." The Princess Anne of Denmark likewise directed the following letter to the Queen, upon her with- drawing : — " Madame, " I beg your pardon if I am so deeply affected with the surprising news of the Prince's being gone, as not to be able to see you, but to leave this paper to express my humble duty to the King and your- self ; and to let you know that I am gone to absent myself to avoid the King's displeasure, which I am not able to bear either against the Prince or myself; and I shall stay at so great a distance, as not to re- turn before I hear the happy news of reconcilement : and as I am confident the Prince did not leave the King with any other design than to use all possible means for his preservation, so I hope you will do me the justice to believe that I am incapable of follow- ing him for any other end. Never was any one in such an unhappy condition, so divided between duty and affection to a father and a husband ; and there- fore I know not what to do but to follow one and preserve the other. I see the general falling off of the nobility and gentry, who avow to have no other end than to prevail with the King to secure their re- ligion, which they saw in so much danger by the violent counsels of the priests, who, to promote their own religion, did not care to what dangers they ex- posed the Eang. I am fully persuaded that the Prince of Orange designs the King's safety and preserva- tion, and hope all things may be composed without more bloodshed, by the calling a Parliament. God HOUSE OF ORANGE. 167 gmnt a happy end to these troubles, that the KWs reign may be prosperous, and that I may shortly meet you m perfect peace and safety ; tiU when let me beg you to continue the same favourable opiion that you have hitherto had of your most obedient daughter and servant, " Anne." The King now issued out a proclamation of par- don to all his subjects that had taken up arms under the Pnnce, if they returned within twenty days • but very few or none came back and about the same time, a party of the Prince's men being abroad, and advancing beyond their strength, were pursued and charged by Colonel Sarsfiell, with seventy horse and thirty dragoons and grenadiers, who overtak- bSin^Th A Y''''^^*T' ^^^y posted themselves behmd the hedges ; whereupon the King's party dismounted and marched up to them, and they be- ?d t,r 1 '^^^' '7Tf ^"^^^ ^'^^^^ ^^d wound- ed but Colonel Sarsfield getting into the field with Z.hfk and chargmg them in the rear, they were C^^rTli l,^"^"^ "' *^^r Prf«0^«rs; Lieutenant Campbell, who commanded tliem, being slain, and wlyf Tn P^^:^'/our were killed, and Comet Webb mortally wounded. This slender success was soon damped by an address from the fleet for a free Parliament, which now began to grow cold in his service, and the continual desertions of his army ; so that the King not thinking it convenient to hazard a battle with them, upon the approach of the Prince 8 forces, with whom now were a great part of the nobility, he recalled the remainder of them, with hifitram of artillery jandupon hisretumtomitehall "ir^^'rr"^^'" Y^^ui^cx i>oiu DKeiton to be Lieutenant of the Tower, m the place of Sir Edward Hales ; and 168 if !:■ THE HISTORY OF THE in pursuance of the advice of the Lords spiritual and temporal, ordered the Chancellor Jeffries to issue out \mts for summonine a Parliament to sit Jan. 15th f oUowing. The Bishop of Exeter, who left the city upon the approach of the Prince, was likewise nominated Archbishop of York, which had been va- cant for some time, and was thought to have been designed for Father Peters, if things had gone on. But the King's affairs growing daily more desperate, and the Prince of Orange marching forward with his army, and being advanced to Hungerford, after a consultation with the Queen and the Jesuits, it was resolved to send the following proposals of accommodation to his Highness, which were soon after published, with the Prince's answer thereto : — "Whereas, on the 8th of December, 1688, at Hungerford, a paper signed by the Marquis of Halifax, the Eari of Nottingham, and the Lord Godolphiu, Commissioners sent unto us from his Majesty, was delivered to us in these words, follow- ing, viz. : — " ' Sir, "'The King commandeth us to acquaint you that he observeth all the differences and causes of complaint alleged by your Highness, seem to be re- ferred to a free Parliament. His Majesty, as he hath already declared, was resolved before this to call one, but thought that, in the present state of affairs, it was advisable to defer it till things were more composed. Yet seeing that his people con- tinue to desire it, he hath put forth his proclama- tion m order to it, and hatb issued forth his writs'fcr the Callini? of it. And i.n nravnnf r V T ^^*s.v on-vr rtnii y\ j^^" ' HOUSE OP OBANOE. 1(^ those who 8haU ^comHo if u^ ^^^^^ °^ «" therefore sent us Zm^A ^"Majesty hath adjusting of aU mattt^ ♦hT\^'«^'™ ^°'*e be neeSsarv tL 1 ? , ^"^ ^ agreed to ly to enter into a tre^.y^ "d^^if w-*^"- such a distance f )m T. T "mits, and at (Signed) '"Halifax. "'NornNGHAM, "'GODOLPHIN.' a^slmb^tith us1,1v! -^ *''' '"^•'^ •«<* ««■>««««» these propS^k i That Xr'-*." '''«««»«••»«'« Bons ai a.^ not qualffl^ ^ ut^T ^ "^ ''"'^ P*'" banded, and removed from^i?"^'^;, '^'^«<>' ^ and military 2 Th.fT «"'P'?yments, civil fleet nponZ" or anv thafl,? "^'*'"''"'"" ^^'<='' ™- cla^edLuTtoCClled aId?W-f° "'' "' ^'■ for having so a^i^lTT^' u '''** '^'"y Persons, they.be ffrthwTth tt' a'tTbertT TThatf ^l"."* be m any place from I^ndon" aTwS shall please ,l*Baia.3S»Bl.fs«!(BS--J3«« I I i •■■1 170 THE HISTORY OF THE ever distance he thinks fit, that we may be at a place at the same distance. And that the respective armies do remove from London thirty miles, and that no more foreign forces be brought into the Idngdom. 5. That for the security of the City of London, and their trade, Tilbury Fort be put into the hands of the said city. 6. That to prevent the land- ing of French or other foreign troops, Portsmouth may be put into such hands as by your Majesty and us shall be agreed upon. 7. That some sufficient part of the public revenue be assigned us, for the maintaining of our forces, until the meeting of a free Parliament." But these proposals of the Prince proving of too hard digestion at Whitehall, the offer of accom- modation was thought to be designed only to gain time : and the Bomish counsellors perceiving that this would not obtain, began to think of other mea- sures ; so that the child being sent for back from Portsmouth to Whitehall in great haste, the Queen having made up her equipage, December 10, took her solemn leave of the King, with the pretended Prince of Wales and her attendants, whereof it is said that Father Peters was one — but it was thought with a large proportion of treasure and jewels — she crossed the water at Lambeth, whei three coaches with six horses awaited them, and with a strong guard went to Greenwich, and so to Gravesend, where she and her retinue embarked in a yacht for Frp,nce, and landed the next day about four o'clock in the af- ternoon. The Queen and several courtiers being gone, the Popish priests began to shift for them- selves ; and the "same night the King called an ex- traordinary council, and sent for the Lord Mayor and bherifis of London, charging them to preserve HOUSE OP OBANOE. 171 lav Kr tv Hf °^ *" "''y '^ ■"""J' «« i" them of X^ri*^!"" ??M^ "P"" *J>« Present exigency STheTv 1^ "?^* '»°™'ng. ^ten, to the surprise wiT^^,m« n ^ **"''' ^^'^ ** *l'e privy stairs wLM *" ^'J'upage, and went down the river witnout bemg so much as known to many o"Ihe officers of his household who were then in w^tin^ easioned by the news that alarmed the Oonrt tL wZ thlr;.' P* !?-^ ^"°f ^ forces ha^'m^deth^ S R Jr^ ^r^?8' ™"^ S^"**! the pass of Tw^ ablt ?& r*''^ '/l?y considerable rLstance ;Z about fifteen hundred horse and three troops of dra- fanoticeffTT*':?'! '".*''« *<'^' of BeadTngfthey flad noticed that a detachment of the Prince's armv were marching „p toward them, which put tS into such a consternation that, not findiC the^ selves strong enough to maintai^ the toW the oT cers, upon consultation, concluded to Jr.™ *t new convent for monko nf «T f ^T®" ng-houses of several curS a^TlM" r'^ ^^'^ ^°' f^*-- of being se- quieltheTe^ntra^d^Sr^tS # ^ ^r^tlVt^e^"'^ '^?'?^"* »>* ~ c^Se'^^b^,Zf'Z -■?-<»' ther eommkd the peWn of i^'ZZ; Sl^re^y^^rhtrvln! ! 174 THE HISTORY OF THE try ; nor were they less active in suppressing those lawless rioters ; that in a short time they were all dispersed and quelled, and some of the principal committed to prison, and then taking into consider- ation the great and dangerous conjuncture of the time, in regard of the King's having withdrawn him- self, they drew up a declaration to this eflfect :— " That they did reasonably hope that the King hav- ing issued out his proclamation and writs for calling a free Parliament, they might have rested securely under the expectation of that meeting, but that the King having withdrawn himself, as they apprehend- ed, in order to his departure out of the kingdom, by the pernicious councils of persons ill affected to the nation, they cannot, without being wanting to their duty, be silent under the calamities wherein the Popish councils, which had so long prevailed, had miserably involved them ; and therefore unanimously resolved to apply themselves to His Highness the Prince of Orange, who, with so great kindness to these kingdoms, so vast expense, and so much haz- ard to his own person, had undertaken, by endea- vouring to procure a free Parliament, to rescue them, with as little effusion of Christian blood as possible, from the imminent dangers of Popery and slavery ; declaring further that they would, with their utmost endeavours, assist His Highness in the obtaining of such a Parliament with all speed ; wherein their laws, liberties and properties might be secured, the Church of England in particular, with a due liberty to Pro- testant dissenters ; and, in general, the Protestant religion and interest over the whole world might be supported and encouraged, to the glory of God, the happiness of the established government, and the advantage of all Princes and States in Christendom, that may be therein concerned." & HOUSE or C"<-.NGE. 175 bishops • and tKw. A Pf''^^''''^^ ^^^ five ord^d^^^ndVt^^^ ciaration at Henley-upon-Thamea The same dav semw!^ •^f/'"' '^•^"""'^'^ ^d common council J the rest of the Sh^' Z^ rt„ ri, "^^■"s^l^es and wereaccordin|ly'^i:*j:Ate'S S'th'e'^pS'^dt* favourably received, imploring 4 SCtlT teetion, and beseeching him to remirf n rtl ^l that he was mcapable of examining tKatter » that the ChanceUor was carried totSe To^rbtw^ ^wn^consent, to preserve himself from theZ; o? th" v^rFjf:}*' l"^ Highness by easy marches cam„ t^ " -U.U.- wnei-e he was reeeired with all kinds of ' IB i li 176 THE HiSTOEY OF THE respect and submission by the mayor and aldermen, in th ir formalities, and congratulated in an elegant speech, the Prince of Denmark's lodgings being pro- vided for his reception. Whilst his Highness was preparing for London, he had notice that the King designing to pass the seas in disguise, having betaken himself, accompanied only by two or three persons, in a small vessel to sea, was forced by foul weather upon the coast of Kent, near Feversham, and as soon as he came to that town, was seized upon by the multitude, there being a report at that time that several persons were making their escape out of the land, and being ignorant who he was, they carried him to a house in the town, rifling him of some jewels, a considerable quantity of gold, and his cruci- fix, which he very much valued ; but at last the King being known by a gentleman who came to see the prisoners they had taken, and fell on his knees to pay him duty, the common people were strangely surprised, a great number instantly retiring, and others begged his pardon, offering to restore what they had taken from him ; but the King refused to take his gold again, giving it them freely ; however his person was detained till the news of his being there could be carried to London. The Lords who first assembled in the city, being then at Whitehall, and having notice of it, sent the Lords Feversham, Aylesbury, Yarmouth and Middle- ton to the King, with their earnest desires that he would be pleased to return to his royal palace at London ; to which, though at first he showed some unwillingness, yet being pressed thereto, he at length condescended ; the servants of his household, who went along with the lords, having brought him money and clothes, those he had being old, and rent in the searching him before he was known ; but his HOUSE OF ORANGE. 177 consultation thought rrTin^f ^ ?'"'/' :^^ °P"" it might create d^Uy ^Zt^T/T'^W '^^^^ the soldiers of botWartil !n^ q«a«,ls between respects for the King 4?iM^to"'h,'^r" ?*^^' and the same time • ther^Zf ^ *** ** o"^ King's retiirninrM^nsie^ ^;,T- """"^ ''^ ^^^ meet him on thf wav «nTt ^"^f '^™, ^as sent to to Eochest^" whierthe Kin^ ""^If ^^ *° "f™ done had nit Monsiet^,X7°'^'^ certainly have taking another ro~ttattrr''''- ^"^ ''y WhitehaU, on Sundky, Sec 16 ^"^ ""^«d at attended by three tronn»^f *i, ',-i° ** evening trx-op of /enar^^r/et" of tvf fff^^^^^ '".^. ' through the city and m»kiL ^i? foUowing him rest of the peo Wently oTZn'^Tj'^ilf "^« the King sent the Ear] of Fevmhl, tlTif b^*""* then at Windsor, to invite hilwi I }'^ ^™<'«' St. James' and taketh«rn!l. -highness to come to what number of ShT'rho"i;f'*^°"«' ^* The Prince delibe-^wCit^h the S "'^^^'^'^t. message, was adviie.) L^" ."'''^ *"»"* this invitation, Tnd t^re bl" .T"' *" "^^^P* "^ *Ws Bhould be in towntS, next I?rf-n^^'''-^'S''°««« signed by the Trin^, wL Lttl^^T"^ P^P^^' to the King next H«r 1 .f**^,'" '^ carried mentioned :i ^5^' ^^ *'"' ^^^ds therein the King that it is&tt^^v^ln/f^^^^^^^ '° '«" safety of his person that hp^^'^""'"' '*"' ^^ «ater where he shalf be attemW^ ° ""T""^ *^ «»«>. ready to preserve hfm from «^ f^'^u ^^° ^'" ^ at Windsor. n«. i ^/ic";? ""^ disturbance. "= J , A VUU. Giver w. 178 THE HISTORY OF THE And further to prevent the possibility of any dis- turbance, it was resolved that his Highness' guards should be possessed of all the posts and avenues about Whitehall before the paper was delivered, and it was computed that these guards might have reached Whitehall by eight o'clock at night, but they were so hindered by the foulness of the ways, that it was past ten before they arrived, and there being difficulty made of withdrawing the King's guards, so much time was spent that the Lords could not proceed in their message till past twelve, so that the King was in bed ; but to preserve decency and respect, and not break hastily in upon him, they sent the Lord Middle ton, his principal Secretary of . State, the following letter : — " My Lord, "There is a message to be delivered to His Majesty from the Prince, which is of so great im- portance that we who are charged with it desire we may be immediately admitted, and therefore desire to know where we may find your lordship, that you may introduce, my lord, your lordship's most hum- ble servants," &;c. The Lord Middleton upon the recei'"^ thereof came and introduced them to the King, .iud their lord- ships having made an apology for coming at a time that might disturb him, the Prince's message was deKvered to the King, who, reading it, said that he would readily comply. The Lords, as they were di- rected, humbly desired that if it might be with His Majesty's conveniency, he would be pleased to re- move so early, so to be at Ham by noon, thereby to prevent his meeting the Prince in his way to Lon- don. To this the King readily agreed, and asked if HOUSE OF ORANGE. ^^ |rtelr^L^''t -mnM should attend Majesty. The uXltn ^ ^t^^ }'^ *<> ^ ^ere mstently sent for back b^^h. ?• ^^*^««' ^ut them he had forgot to acquaint ^ K"»^' ^ho told lution, before t£e mesSZt T" "^^^ ^'^ ^so- plied that they woSd irr^i?*!*?'"- ^« ^-o^-ds re- to the Prince,^and do^bt^Hot'^^ '^""^ ''° ""^""t satisfaction, and accoX^lv i f"^?™^er to his g?r to the Prince, yZr^\'''^^^"^ » messen- Sieur Bentwick, W e^M L*/" ''*.S'°'> House, the by the Prince's ordtr «^!- ""'r""^' *»*» letter P«a. aad the mITuZ t*^ ^'"«'^ P~' attend him, and his coa*hes3 «. ""? P'^'^V^ed to he reached Gravesend^n th^*^, sT? *"."? *° f°"«^. Md passed overland in his T^ k ' " ^^^ evenimr f arl of Arran and seve^r *.. °^''' attended by the denee in Sir Bict^dXter'* made hisCi! ,^'^trfs7enZl,*^;rL^- «« «^^''-. tendance, arrived at St &? ^^ ""serous at- congratulations of . if U Sit ""^ I^'""''^ *« chief est quaUty in thp ^n^Jr, S^^^ '"'^ persons of see their deliver^ and^xnr*^' ^T'^ "«^<«ng to at so happy .r^^olu^r"? *^-^»tisfactl„ bonfires, and r- the puSr^ Z™ f™« "^^ be's, imaginable. P""^'" aemsMtrations of joy «^m being given one night— fl - ••-^^i: 180 THE HISTORY OF THE about midnight — at almost one and the same time, in the most considerable cities and towns in Eng- land, upon pretence that the Irish were killing, burn- ing and destroying all before them, which seemed to be carried on industriously by persons sent on pur- pose to spread that false report, or else it can hardly be imagined how it should have been done at so many distant places at once, which threw the people into a great surprise and consternation, till the day appeared and convinced them of the fallacy ; but the real occasion hereof was never yet generally under- stood. Upon the arrival of his Highness, the Common Council of London assembled, and unanimously agreed that the sheriffs and all the aldermen of the city, with their deputies, and two common council- men for each ward, should wait on and congratulate his Highness upon his happy arrival in the City of London, and accordingly, on the 20th of December, the Lord Mayor being indisposed by sickness, Sir George Treby, the Recorder, in a most elegant speech, thus addressed His Highness : — " May it please Your Highness, " The Lord Mayor being disabled by siclaiess, your Highness is attended by the aldermen and commons of the capital city of this kingdom, deputed to con- gratulate your Highness upon this great and glorious occasion, in which, labouring for words, we cannot but come short in expression. Reviewing our late danger, we remember our Church and State overrun by Popery and arbitrary power, and brought to a point of destruction by the conduct of men that weie our true invaders — that broke the sacred fences of our laws and, which was worse, the very constitution of our Lefidslature. so that there was no remedv left HOUSE OF ORANGE. jgj tion whose alliance ar s,]]iiZ v. ? ^^® ^^ » i^" Gel. sent forth S J rat.trS.5 t^S'^'J" agamst the greatest opSons^To ^h^'Tl"^ "??,--5^o^ aXin?" «>e,psefvea aad liverance, XnLhed we S'^'^ ^"'"'"'^ "^ °"'- de- Highness ledTy the hln.1 .^ '' ™ aculous. Your the voice of thp !w> 7 1 ^•"'^*'"' ^'^'^ <=aUed by interesT^the AoteS' ^T-''^'"^V'^ ""■■ ^ear^^ Christianity restored onri'^^*'"^^^^'^ '^ P'^'^tive tide to our liv^ I hfr ^5''^^"''' are o,i ancient which the world wet r^!5 "^^t^t^^' and without tribution cln we l'L!T^'^"^™««^i,.Bwwhat re- thoughts are fuU Smr' ? IT "'«^°<*^^ '• 0"^ Highness has a lasti^'S^i^f^ ST^'t J"" the prayers, in the pr^TJ^ll ^ '"'"'^' '" us, a«d late posterity'^™rc^ebmtf 1""^ ^°^ nous name till time shall be^oL^*:..^'""' '''''■^'"- ge^O-f rcount; f>^ t"^' -»>"ity and ther address to hi, ft; K ^'^'"^"'^ge, presented ano- :^:S.?-i«?--y. and a^Sd him ??* 7.!!?^ ■ """^^ "'"'^ "'"""*' endeavours for perfecting so 182 THE HISTORY OF THE w glorious a work, returning his Highness their un- feigned thanks for the progress he had made therein, with so much cost, labour, and hazard, both by sea and land. But in the midst of these transactions, the King, having continued some days at Rochester, on the 22nd December, between two and three in the morn- ing, going a back way, with great secrecy and cau- tion, hastened to the sea-side, taking only with him Mr. Ralph Sheldon and Mr. Delabody, with whom he embarked in a vessel that lay for his transporta- tion to France, to follow his Queen, as had been agreed betwixt them, leaving the following paper of reasons behind him for withdrawing himself from Rochester, said to be wiitten by his own hand, and ordered by him to be published : — " The world cannot wonder at my withdrawing myself now this second time. I might have expected somewhat better usage after what I wrote to the Prince of Orange by my Lord Feversham, and the instructions I gave him ; but instead of an answer such 8^3 1 might have hoped for, what was I to ex- pect after the usage I received by making the said Earl prisoner, against the practice and law of nations ? the sending his own guards at eleven at night to take possession of the posts at Whitehall, without advertising me in the least manner of it ? The send- ing to me at one o'clock, after midnight, when I was in bed, a kind of an order, by three k)rds, to be gone out of mine ''own palace before twelve that same morning ? After all this, how could I hope to be safe, so long as I was in the power of one who had not only done this to me, and invaded my kingdoms without any just occasion given him for it, but that did by his first declaration, lav the greatest asner- HOUSE OF OKANGE. 18S sion upon me that malice could invent, in that clause of It which concerns my son ? I appeal to all that know me, nay, even to himself, that in their con- sciences neither he nor they can believe me in the least capable of so unnatural a villany, nor of so nttie common sense to be imnosed on in a thin^ of SUCH a nature as that. What had I then to expect from one who, by all arts, hath taken such paini to make me appear a^ black as hell to my own people, tl Tt .fu*"*. ^".*^® ^^^^^ ^««^^e« ? What eftbct that hath had at home all mankind hath seen, bv so general a defection in my army, a^ well a^ in the nation, amongst all sorts of people. +v,"^ Tt" v°*^ ^'"®®' ^""^ ^^«^^® *^ continue so; and though I have ventured my Hfe very frankly on several occasions for the good and honour of mv country and am a^ free to do it again (and which I hope I yet shall do, a^ old as I am, to redeem it trom.the slavery it is like to fall under), yet I think it not convenient to expose myself to be secured, a^ not t.3 be at liberty to effect it, and for that reason to withdraw, but so as to be within call whensoever the nation s eye shall be opened, so as to see how they have been abused and imposed upon by the specious pretences of religion and property. I hope It will please God to touch their hearts, out of His infinite mercy, and to make them sensible of the ill condition they are in, and bring them to such a temper that a legal Parliament may be called, and that, amongst other things which may be necessary fn rnll p""!' they w^L agree to liberty of conscience tor all Protestant dissenters, and that those of mv own persuasion may be so far considered, and have such a share of it, as they may live peaceably and quietly. as Enghshm^en and Christians ought to do, and not - ^,,,1 w ^^a-ioj^ictiit onciiiHeives, wmcii would 184 THE HISTOKY OF THE be very grievous, especially to such as love their own country ; and I appeal to all men, who are con- sidering men, and have had experience, whether anything can make this nation so great end flourish- ing as liberty of conscience ? Some of our neigh- bours dread it. I could add much more to confirm all I have said, but now is not the proper time. " Rochester, December 22, 1688." Upon these reasons we make these few cursory remarks: that as to the detaining of the Earl of Feversham, who was sent without a pass in a time of war, it may be very well justified, he likewise having disbanded the army, and left them at large to lie upon the country. The message for his re- moval from Whitehall was managed, as we have heard, with all the respect and decency imaginable, and absolutely necessary upon several accounts, as well as for the preservation of his own person, whose late actions, especially his extraordinary severity in the west, had raised him many inveterate enemies, who now might have taken the opportunity of offer- ing violence to him. That his Highness had suflici- ent reason for this glorious expedition, the King had made the nation too sensible of; and as for the busi- ness of the child, it is well known that his zeal for the Catholic cause made him shut his eyes to all other considerations whatsoever ; and, besides, it was managed with such a number of suspicious circum- stances, that we are told that one of his comrades in Ireland should say that " the Prince of Orange had one plausible pretence for his invasion, namely, that of the Prince of Wales ; since, if it was a real birth, the |Court managed the matter so as if they had industriously contrived the nation should give no credit to it." As to his hopes of conquering us, HOUSE OF ORANGE. 185 we have sb great hopes and better reasons to beUeve the contrary, since the people wiU scarce evtr be estets t^'Z "P,."V''' ^«¥o°. laws, Uberties, and submit to « F™ i "^ "" "^^'"^ ?"»<=«. <>'■ even we Zv^ht w w ?°^«™?'e"t- As to a Parliament, we may thmk that he did not desien to caU anv tr^rrhir *"'"^^'' ^- thjdefenri^t: Hie Highness likewise sent for all such as ha^ ._. _„_, „. uox^^yjix, to meet lum at St. James's, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 4^ »^? 1.0 I.I 13.2 £ 1^ 12.0 2,5 2.2 «uu 1.8 11.25 1.4 J4 ! ^ 6" ^ m ^ n ^ A ^ ^. d^. Photographic Sciences Corporation k ^^ '^ ,\ m ^^ V :\ \ "'\ ^ \ ^\ 'Ci 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 '•b ¥7 wvs 5». 188 THE HISTORY OF THE to advise the best manner liow to pursue the ends of His declaration in caUing a free ParHament, for the preservation of the Protestant religion, the restoring of the rights and liberties of the kingdom, and seS tlingthe same, that they might not be in danger of being again subverted. Upon which they met ac- cordmgly, and after his Highness had thusVacious- ty expressed himself to them, they instantly con- cluded to go to the House of Commons, where being ^ri^^,*^^^^ ^^"^y P^^l®' Esq., their chairman and^then drew up an address to the Prince, return- ing xiis Highness their hearty thanks, and expressing their extraordinary acknowledgment for' the care hi nad taken of their religion, laws and liberties, hum- bly entreating him to take upon him the administra- tion of the government, &c., which being presented to His Highness at St. James's, he returned the same answer as he had done to the lords. The news of his Highness's success and pros- perous proceedings arriving in Holland, all the persons of quality that were at the Hague appeared at Court to compliment her Royal Highness the rrincess of Orange thereupon, and soon after their H^lectoral Highnesses of Bradenburgh arrived there and were entertained very splendidly upon that occasion; and the States General sent three deputies to England to congratulate his Highness, who, landing at the Tower, were received with the discharge of the cannon, and conducted to the lodgings appointed for them, with a very splendid equipage. "^ ^ December 30, his Highness issued out a declara- tion to authorii^e sheriffs, justices of the peace, and aU other o&cers except Papists, to continue and act m their respective places till further orders ; and a second declaration, for the better quartering of sol- HOUSE OF ORANGE. 189 the owner; and awhile affpr ih^ fr.it^ - . and to one another to stick firm +f^ik^ ^''^''^®' to one another in iefenn! .f -f 2 *^'^ ''^"'®' «^d us, with the utmost severiftll » • ? "^ '*''''^' barbarous a practice shall deserve." ^ ''' 190 THE HISTORY OF THE After this, hia Highness published a declaration to command all Papists to depart within three days out of j^London and Westminster^ and ten miles about, under penalty of suffering the utmost severity of the law ; and about the same time the country people seized a great number of persons in Kent and other places, endeavouring to make their escape beyond sea, who were committed to several prisons *till further orders. And to show the readiness and zeal of the people to support his Highness, he had no sooner signified to the City of London that the necessary expenses he had been at had near exhausted the public revenues, but that they instantly ordered a committee to attend him, to know what sum might be necessary, and one hundred thousand pounds being named, the generous citizens immediately came to Guildhall, and made subscriptions for three hundred thousand pounds, which was paid in to admiration within a very few days. Afiairs being now in a promising way of settle- ment in England, let us take a brief view of Scot- land, to which his Highness, before his arrival, had likewise sent a declaration to the same effect wiih that sent to England, some expressions only being varied according to the different circumstances of both nations, his Highness declaring, " That by the influence of these evil counsellors, t^o designed to render themselves the absolute masters of the lives, honours, and estates of the subjects, without being restrained by any rule or law, a most exorbitant power had been exercised in imposing bands and oaths upon whole shires ; in permitting free quarters to soldiers ; in imprisoning gentlemen without any reason, forcing them to accuse and witness against themselves ; in imposing arbitrary fines ; frighting ^nd harrassing many parts of the country with inter- HOUSE OP ORANGE. j^j subjects living i^?uieti^''i'^;r *° "^J "P™ tl'e lug and drowning them wit^ ^^ hanging, shoot- or respect to ag^oi 4v 'n?t ^^ ""^ '^""'" ''^^^. time to pray to^God for mert^IK,T "^ ^V'" reason but because they wouM n^l " '""'*«'^ them m auch auestirZ T= A *^'^®'" "^ satisfy without any X^Hf w'''y/™P« "O"- being obliged trS;7S'''ri:" T- fro- besides a great many violences 1^^ "'?"g'»t«; which that poor nation wlT " oppressions, to any hope ofLvi^ any end nttt T^' ^*''°"* rehef irom them Wt w *^ *? ."'®™' o' to have proceedings onhesr^W * *••« S'-^traiy and illegal fied, such! declSirLrbeen7 ""^S^' ^ J-^^i- as strikes at the root of tlf. P™cured by them, turns the m^t Xed tiZT'^'' '^t <'^«- Parliaments unnecesi«.i4 . j .V-"" mating all defences of rdiSon^S^v , J^^'^ "^"y "J' assumed and alerted fe T^ P'^^'^Y by an obedience is reqT^tifi^ l"** ^'^'^- *« ^Web good Christia^rpeli^'rT'^^Wch every alone, all whose eomr^!S 'l*^"^ *° <^od Almighty good," &c '"^'""^ndments are always just\nd EngKlhe^itrth:r?r' '"" "iWy progress in upJn those PopTh «nr» Kv'^"°"?J'* «" «ff^ually in^Scotland^X'Ce «Zf r'^'" °' ^'^'^ Wju«X"otTadlLVc»''TP«' were seized: and the mSde riti^t' ^tj: !? 192 THE HISTORY OF THE I I I II places, demolished the mass houses, and burnt the Popish trinkets, yea, proceeded to several violences and disordeiB, which occasioned the death and wounding of many persons, even in Edinburgh it- self ; of which the Scotch noblemen and gentlemen in London having notice, they resolved to attend his Highness the Prince of Orange, and lay before him the willingness of the people of Scotland to subinit to his protection, and his Highness having notice of their intentions caused such of them as were in town to be advertised to meet him at St. James's, January 7th, to whom he made the follow- ing speech : — " My Lords and Gentlemen, " The only reason that induced me to undergo so great an undertaking was, that I saw the laws and liberties of theF3 kingdoms overturned, and the Pro- testant religion in imminent danger, and seeing you are so many noblemen and gentlemen, I have called you together, that I may have your advice what is to be done for the securing of the Protestant reli- gion, and restoring your laws and liberties, accord- ing to my declaration." After whiv.h, the lords and gentlemen went to the Council Chainber at Whitehall, and choosing the Duke of Hamilton their president, they drew up an address, which they presented to the Prince to this effect : " That they rendered his Highness their hum- ble thanks for his pious and generous undertaking, &c., desiring him to take upon him the administra- tion of affairs, civil and military, in Scotland, till the general meeting of Estates, which they humbly prayed his Highness to call to be held at Edinburgh, March 14th, following." This address was subscribed HOUSE OF OBANGE. ^93 by thirty lords and eighty ffentlomGn Wio w u assured them that he woM Tlu\^ ^'^^^^^^ and the news thereoHlin/ 1 Pd^Y 'T^'^' received ^xnih *^« x /""""g to iLoinburcfh. was satSC ''"*'°°'' demonstrations offoy S ■ haf ri':^rZ°I t."°°^""*T ''^ Westminster those striXs^td he^ts tC^'^y "^^ ^'1""" Houl of Wds ^d fh?n'* '^ ^P^^''^^ ^ the Powie, Esq to k^i- c*^"?"""^ "''ose Henry letter ro^his a? h^:^: f^'' ^'» ^hi<=h ^ read in both hous^f on rt„ ^P°«e / 0««ge was , wherein his fcrd^cCHhTt^'hetj^i"^' voured, to the utm^f r,f V . ™' ™at he had endea- wa« dedred of him in fi ?°T' '".Pe-*™ what safety, and that Z did w ^ "''' P"''''" P^*^ a°d tion of them <4inna fi.^ ""SV^. ^^^ to the preserva- put into hta.'t^tK™"°'^ ''^ "^^''^ ^'^ to lay the foundf^i^n "o^ a &m s'^^?? *•''«"'' Von, laws, and hberties -^t i? A °'' *''^"" ""«- but that by such a fnl !;i f ^ '*''* "'" ^oubt, thenation^as wt then m^f,,?"' I-'P'-f fetation of tion would be^tlinf^ ' ^^.^^^ds of his declara- God hitherto to btrv' ^'"^/.'"oe it had pleased great suecess he trulHln^??-'^ '?i'"'i<"^ ^* ™«h plete His 0^ worit bv ,pnH^"" *^*^ ^^ ^""'^ «""- union to iuCnTe tiieir .„ ¥*.vP"* °^ ?«««« and might be S to « W "'^^'^^*"'' interruption H/then rp.^^ ^T.^LtZ:^^'^^- 194 THE HISTORY OF THE tion of the Protestants in Ireland, and the present state of things abroad, which required their early- assistance against a powerful enemy, who had de- clared war against them, and which he did not doubt, but without any unseasonable divisions among them- selves, they would take effectual care about." This letter being read and approved of, the Lords and Commons presented an address to his Highness. " That being highly sensible of the great deliverance of this kingdom from Popery and arbitrary power, and that their preservation, next under God, was owing to his Highness, they returned him their humble thanks as the glorious instrument of so great a blessing, aiid did farther acknowledge the great, care he had taken in administering the public affairs to that time, humbly desiring that his Highness would continue the administration thereof till further ap- plication should be made by them, which should be expedited with all convenient speed." This address being presented January 23rd, 1688, his Highness returned them this answer : " My Lords and Gentlemen, " I am glad that what I have done has pleased you ; and since you desire me to continue the ad- ministration of affairs, I am willing to accept it. I must recommend to you the consideration of affairs abroad, which maketh it fit for you to expedite your business, not only for making a settlement at home upon a good foundation, but for the safety of all Europe." After this the Lords and Commons ordered a day of public thanksgiving to be kept throughout the kingdom, to render praise to Almighty God for hav- ing made his Highness the Prince of Orange the % Bouse of orange. 195 As to the condition of Ireland LrZli' ^* rp and then by tuniinrit thp nffi '^^''^^ '''• ™«' Holland oA'rta'^fcS^^^^^^^ continued in this dangerous posture "K nlws S the intended enterprise of the Prinoi of 'T'^ °^ a^y their cattle, fired their S^nf "^"^o^- d™^e 196 THE HISTORY OF THE affrighted, many of them fled for their lives, leaving their estates behind them ; and though several of the Protestant nobility and gentry made head in the north, yet they found themselves unable to resist the fury of their numerous adversaries ; however, they defeated several parties of Irish, fortified Lon- donderry, Sligo, the Isle of EnniskiLlen, and other places they thought tenable; for now Tyrconnel gave orders for stopping the ports, to prevent any more from going away, and made many large and plausible proposals to induce them to join with him, tnough they had very little effect upon them. The convention at Westminster were still upon serious debates about the present condition of the kingdom, and in the meantime it was thought necessary to have the presence of her Highness the Princess of Orange in England ; whereupon a squad- ron of English and Dutch men-of-war were ordered to wait upon her till her equipage could be got ready, and the wind served to bring over her Highness ; and after the Lords and Commons had duly weighed the circumstances of the King's de- parture, they at length came to the following reso- lution : " Resolved, That King James 11. having endea- voured to subvert the constitution of this kingdom, by breaking the original contract between King and people ; and by the advice of Jesuits and other wicked persons, having violated the fundamental laws, and having withdrawn himself out of this kingdom, hath abdicated the Government, and the throne is thereby vacant." In pursuance of which resolution the following declaration was drawn up in order to such an ea^ HOUSE OF ORANGE. 197 tablishment as that the religion, laws and liberties ot the kingdom might not again be in danger, and for vindicating the ancient rights and liberties of the people, m these words : " Whereas fche late King James II., by the assis- tance of divers evil counsellors, judges and ministers, employed by him, did endeavour to extirpate the Protestant religion, and the laws and liberties ot this kmgdom, by assuming and exercising a power of dispensing with and suspending of l^ws and the execution of laws, without consent of Par- liament: By committing and prosecuting divers worthy prelates, for humbly petitioning te be ex- cused from concurring to the said assumed power • iiy issuing and causing to be executed a commis- 'T^'^^i^''..*^^ ^r^^ ^^^1' ^«^ ^r^ctiiig a court called The Court of Commissioners for Ecclesiastical Causes -. By levying money for, and to the use of the crowii, by pretence of prerogative, for another time and m another manner than the same was granted by Parliament : By raising and keeping a standing army within this kingdom in time of pelce, without consent of Parliament, and quartering soldiers, con- trary to law : By causing several good subjects being Protestants, to be disarmed at the same time when Papists were both armed and employed con- traiy to law : By violating the freedom^ of election of members to serve in Parliament : By prosecu- tions m the Court of King's Bench, for matters and causes cognizable only m Parliament ; and by divers other arbitrary illegal courses. "And whereas of late years, partial, corrupt and- unqualified persons have been returned, and served on Junes m trial, and particularly divers jurors in trials for high treason, who were not freeholders • 198 THE HISTORY OF THE and excessive bail hath been required of persons committed in criminal cases, to elude the benefit of the laws made for the liberty of the subject : and excessive fines have been imposed ; and illegal and cruel punishments inflicted, and several grants and promises made of fines and forfeitures, before any con- viction or judgment against the persons upon whom the same were to be levied ; all which are utterly and directly contrary to the known laws and statutes, and freedom of this realm. And wherecs the said late King James II. having abdicated the government, and the throne being thereby vacant, " His Highness the Prince of Orange (whom it hath pleased Almighty God to make the glorious instrument of delivering this kingdom from Popery and arbitrary power) did, by the advice of the Lords spiritual and temporal, and divers principal persons of the Commons, cause letters to be written to the Lords spiritual and temporal being Protes- tants, and other lettt.'s to the several counties, cities, universities, boroughs and cinque ports, for the choosing of such person to represent them as were of right to be sent to Parliament, to meet and sit at Westminster, January 22, 1688, in order to such an enactment as that their religion, laws and liberties might not again be in danger of being sub- verted ; upon which letters, elections have been ac- cordingly made, "And thereupon the said Lords spiritual and temporal, and Commons, pursuant to their respective letters and election, being now assembled in a full . and free representation of this nation, taking into their most serious consideration the best means for attaining the ends aforesaid, do, in the first place (as their ancestors in like case have usually done), HOUSE OF ORANGE. J99 for the vindicating and asserting their ancient rights and hberties, declare that the pretended power of suspending of lavs, or the execution of laws by regal authority, without consent of Parlia- ment, IS illegal ; that the pretended power of sus- pending of laws, or the execution of laws by regal authority, as it hath been assumed and exercised of late, IS illegal ; that the commissions for erecting th^ late Court of Commissioners for Ecclesiastical Causes, and all other commissions and courts of like nature, are illegal and pernicious ; that levvin^ money for, or to the use of the crown, by prc.en(S of prerogative, without grant of Parliament, for longer fcime or m other manner than the same is or shall be granted, is illegal ; that it is the right of the subjects to petition the Kiiig,and all commitments and prosecutions for such commitments are illegal ; that the raising or keeping a standing army within the kingdom m time of peace, unless it be with consent of I'arliament, is against law ; that the subjects, which are Protestants, may have arms for their defence suitable to their conditions, and as allowed by law • that election of members of Parliament ought to' be free ; that the freedom of speech, and debates or proceedings m Parliament, ought not to be im- peached or questioned in any court or place out of Jr'arliament; that excessive bail ought not to be reqmred, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted; that jurors ought to be duly impannelled and returned, and jurors, which pass upon men in trials for high treason, ought to be freeholders ; that all grants and promises of fines and forfeitures of par- ticular persons before conviction, are illegal and void; and that for redress of all grievances, and tor the amending, strengthening, and pre- 200 THE HISTORY OF THE serving of the laws, Parliaments ought to be held frequently. " And they do claim, demand, and insist upon all and singular the premises as their undoubted rights and liberties ; and that no declaration, judgments, doings or proceedings to the prejudice of the people in any of the said premises, ought in any wise to be drawn hereafter into consequence or example ; to which demand of their right they are particularly encouraged by the declaration of his Highness the Prince of Orange, as being the only means for ob- taining a full redress and remedy therein. " Having, therefore, an entire confidence that his said Highness the Prince of Orange will perfect tlie deliverance so far advanced by him, and will still preserve them from the violation of their rights, which they have here asserted, and fr^ ji all other attempts upon their religion, rights, and liberties, the said Lords spiritual and temporal, and Commons, assembled at Westminster, do resolve that William' and Mary, Prince and Princess of Orange, be and be declared King and Queen of England, France, and Ireland, and the dominions thereunto belonging, to hold the crown and royal dignity of the said king- dom and dominions to them, the said Prince and Princess, during their lives, and the life of the sur- vivor of them ; and that the sole and full exercise of the regal power be only in and executed by the said Prince of Orange, in the names of the said Prince and Princess, during their joint lives ; and after their decease, the said crown and royal dignity of the said kingdoms and dominions to be to the heirs of the body of th« said Princess; and foj de- fault of such issue, to the Princess Ann of Denmark, and the heirs of her body ; and for default of such +u. •OX tHU uody of the said I'iince oi HOUSE OF ORANGE. 201 Orange ; and the Lords spiritual and temporal and accept the same accordingly; and that the oaths heremafter mentioned be taken by all persons of whom the oaths of allegiance and sVer"'^^^^ be required by law, instead of them; and that abroglTed^^ ^ '' ''''^^"" '""^ supremacybe Ju\^' ^-'.i^J^ ^^^^^^^^y promise and swear, that I wil be faithful and bear true allegiance to their Maj^ste King William and Queen^Mary; so help "I, A. B., do swear, that I do, from mv heart abhor detest and abjure, as impious and heretic^,' this damnable doctrine and position, that Princes excommunicated or deprived by the Pope, or any authority of the see of Rome, may be deposed or murdered by their subjecte, o; aay^tlerTato^ cver. "And I do declare that no foreign prince persons prelate, state or potentate, hath, ?r lugU Kave' SfJfv ?' Poyer, superiority, pre-eminence or' authority, ecclesiastical or spiritual, within this realm ; so help me God." This declaration being presented to their High- nesses the Prmce and Princess of Orange, in the banquetmg-house at Whitehall, on Wednesday Februaiy 13, 1688, and their consent theretto r^^ £^«f WP^.Tn ^^^'^g,^^''^' *^^^««' and Ireland, &c at Whitehall-gate, *emple-bar, and the Roya Exchange many of the Lords and Commons attend- ing and the people proclaiming their joys by re- peated shouts and acclamflimn« TV.« +:!„..„ ./ xi_ proclamation was as foUoweth ; II 202 THE HISTORY OF THE " Whereas it hath pleased Almighty God, in His great mercy to this kingdom, to vouchsafe us a mi- raculous deliverance from Popery and arbitrary power, and that our preservation is due, next under God, to the resolution and conduct of his Highness the Prince of Orange, whom God hath chosen to be the glorious instinmient of such an inestimable hap- piness to us and our posterity; and being highly sensible and fully persuaded of the great and emi- nent virtues of her Highness the Princess of Orange, whose zeal for the Protestant religion will, no doubt,' bring a blessing along with her upon this nation \ and whereas the Lords and Commons now assem- bled at Westminster have made a declaration, and presented the same to the said Prince and Princess of Orange, and therein desired them to accept the crown, who have accepted the same accordingly: we, therefore, the Lords spiritual and temporal, and Commons, together with the Lord Mayor and citi- zens of London, and others of the commons of this realm, do, with full consent, publish and proclaim, according to the said declaration, William and Mary, Prince and Princess of Orange, to be King and Queen of England, France, and Ireland, with all the domi- nions and territories thereunto belonging, who are accordingly so to be owned, deemed and taken, by all the people of the aforesaid realms and dominions, who are, from henceforward, bound to acknowledge and pay nto them all faith and true allegiance, be- seeching God, by whom kings reign, to bless King William and Queen Mary, with long and happy years to reign over us. God save King William and Queen Mary. " John Brown, HOUSE OF ORANGE. 203 It IS reported that His Majesty should thus gene- rously express himself upon this occasion : "That though the regulations seemed somewhat harsh they were easy to him that desired only to be a great Kmg; but with respect to one that aimed to be a tyrant, they were not strict enough " Having thus brought their Majesties to the throne let us make a few remarks upon this wonderful and unparalleled revolution, and so conclude the history ot the House of Orange. Had a Prince of less secrecy, prudence, courage and interest, undertaken this mighty affair, it might probably have miscarried ; but as his cause was bet- ter, so his reputation, conduct and patience infinite- ly exceeded that of King James. He would not stir till he saw the French forces sit down before Philips- burgh, and that he was sure France and Germany were irrecoverably engaged, and that he should have no other opposition than what the Irish and ±.nglish Roman Catholics could make against him tor no English Protestant would fight his countr^ mto vassalage and slavery to Popish priests and Italian women ; when a Parliament, sooner or later must have determined everything in controversy' except they were resolved, once for all, to have gven up their religion, laws, liberties and estates to the w 111 of their arbitrary Kings, and submitted for ever to the French Government: and, indeed, a na- tion of less sense than the English might have been imposed upon ; of less bravery and valour, might have been frighted ; of a more servile temper, midit have neglected their liberties till it had been too late to recover them again ; and none but a j reel ot Jesuits, unacquainted with their temper and con- stitution, would ever have honed f/) h.qvft fi?rrii^(i two such things as Popeiy and arbitrary powerrbotl* 204 THE HISTORY OP THE ** ?^^' "P^^ ^ people so jealous as the English are ; and who hate idolatry and tyranny above any na- tion in the world. As for King James II., had he undertaken anything but these two, his vast reve- nue, his reputed personal valour, and the fame he had gained, both at home and abroad, by the defeat of Monmouth's invasion, would have gone near to have effected it ; and after ail, if he had, in the be- ginning of October, freely granted all the proposals made him by the nobility, and suffered a Parlia- ment to have met, and given up his evil ministers to justice, and permitted the birth of the pretended Prmce of Wales to have been freely debated and de- termined in ^Parliament, it would, in all probability have prevented this expedition of the Prince of Orange : but whilst he thought to preserve the pre- tended succession, the dispensing and suspending power and the ecclesiastict-1 commission, to pro- mote his future design, when he had once baffled the Prmce of Orange, the nation saw through the project and he lost all. As for the English in general, their interest cen- tres m the maintaining the rights and franchises of their kingdom, which renders them this day the freest nation in Europe; a character, so far from supposing them to be like other nations, a people headstrong and inconsistent, that it shows them to be the most considerate and understanding people in the world. In short, though the example of a neighbounng Prince had served for a platform for other crowned heads to enlarge their power beyond the limits prescribed by the constitution of the king- dom, we see that at the very moment that the King began to act like his neighbour, they presently put a^stop to his desi^, without the least respect to his utility ; tiiey saw how Suverei^ authority reigned HOUSE OP OBANOE. 205 JS^'^r", j"* J"'i^P*°'*^°* «^ *« '*^s as in Turkey • they beheld the face of the kingdom of Sweden Zi feS* t"^'>^lJ>y introdufing heredS^ sT.^ ^ZZ'tZf^J^ty,"^^'^ ^'^''t'^e beforef they viewed the fa l^n^^^Tf^rV^"^ brief upon the affairs in Eng- land till the happy revolution in 1688, because I £%Sr "" ^"^ "^ *^' same vair^'th "The History of the Two Late Kings, Charles II and James II. being an immrtial annA„nf " - -"V- vcixica XX. ueiUff an impartial flnnr^nnf ^f fl,. most remarkable transactions, and observable* pl^" 208 THE HISTORY OP sages during their reigns, and the secret French and ropish intngues managed in those times." inf^^*^^"" '^*^l^ enlarge upon the affairs of Ireland, intending soon to prMish the histoiy of that king- dom from the first conquest thereof by King Hen^^ Majttts '^"^ bythearmsof their%rese3[ hn^f """^^ ^""^h ^?!^^' ^^ Parliament presented an humble address to His Majesty about the speedy re- liet of Ireland; m pursuance whereof, the Kine sent nJSI^fT^^'^^*i*'^ ^^ pardon to all the Irish Pa- pists that would lay down their arms, and live peaceably under the government, with the full en- joyment of their estates, and the private exercise of Glared rebels and traitors to the Crown of Endand and their estates to be forfeited and distributed among those who should aid and assist in reducing bin?. .V. i'^^'fJ ^^*. Tyrconnel endeavoured to hinder the effect thereof, by promising them speedy succours from France, and that King James would come m person with a numerous army to their as- sistance and sent several detachments of his tattered regiments to seize divers considerable Protestants in tHeir houses, who upon notice escaped into the north and strengthened their party. The priests stirred up rthese rascally vermin, that were armed with pitchtorks, bills, staves and other weapons, to com- mit all manner of outrages, to the damage of some i^apists as well as Protestants, and fit wa« reported that at a consultation in the Council, wherein some i-opish bishops assisted, it was moved that the only way to clear the country of heretics was by a general massacre, but Tyrconnel opposed it. In March, the late Jims' James took noaf fmm VorAa +« t3 — i. j KING WILLIAM AND QUEEN MARY. 209 soon after landed in Ireland, with a numerous train of officers, but very few soldiers. The Estates of Scotland met the same month at lldmburgh, m pursuance of His Majesty's circular letfc Ki'ig Wmiam sent them the foUo^ " My Lords and Ger^tlemen, " We are very sensible of the kindness and con- cern whidi your nation has evinced towards; us and our underfcakmg for the preservation of your religion and liberty, which are in such imminent danger Neither can we m the lea«t doubt your confidence m us after havmg seen how far so many of your • nobility and gentry have owned our declaration countenancing and concurring with us in our en- deavours and desiring us that we would take upon us the administration of affairs, civil and military and to call a meeting of the Estates for securing the Protestant religion, and the ancient laws and liber ties of that kmgdom, which accordingly we have done Now it lies on you to enter upon such con- sultations as are most proper to settle you on sure and lasting foundations, which we hope you wiUset about with all convenient speed, with re'gard to the public good, and to the general interest ^d incHna- tions of the people; that after so much trouble and great suffering they may live happily «nd in pea^e, and that you may lay aside all animosities and^- tions that may impede so good a work. We are glad to find tnat so many of the nobility and gentry when here m London, were so much inclined to a union of both kmgdoms, and that they did look ur.- n? wtf t ''* '^f'"' ^^ procuring the happinis of both nations, and setiJiTiQ' of a la=tm~^ -'-—"----" them, which would be ad?aiitegTou7to'b^th,'tb^ 210 THE HISTORY OF living in the same island, having the same language and the same common interest of religion and liberty, especially at this juncture, when the enemies of both are so restless in endeavouring to make and increase jealousies and divisions, which they will be ready to improve to their own advantage and the ruin of Britain. We, being of the same opinion as to the usefuhiess 'of this union, and having nothing so much before our eyes as the glory of God, establish- mg the reformed religion, and the peace and happi- ness of the nations, are resolved to use our utmost endeavours in advancing everything that may con- duce to effecting the same. So we bid you heartily farewell. From our court at Hampton, March 7 1089." This letter being read, commissioners were named to draw an answer full of acknowledgment and re- spect. The late King James had likewise sent a letter to the Estates, but before they proceeded to read it, they parsed an Act, that notwithstanding anjrthing that might be contained in the letter, for dissolving or impeding their procedure, yet they were a free and lawful meeting of the States, and would con- tmue undissolved till they had settled the govern- ment ; which done, the letter was read, but the Con- vention took so little notice of the late King's ex- hortations to declare for him, that the messenger was first secured, and then, not being thought worthy detaining, dismissed with a pass instead of an answer. After this commissioners were chosen for drawing up the settlement of the government, out of which the bishops were left, as having disgusted the gen- erality of the States, by their prayers at the bemn- mnr* r\ ••Ji. xl- _ J. /^ _ .1 viie seasoiiS, busn, uoa wouia nave compasision KINO WILLIAM AND QUEEN MABY. 211 "l^u"?- ''*™^' V^^ '^*°™ li™. and other paseatres which fiscovered their disaffection to their CeS and the government then ..bout to be erected. The Duke of Gordon, who had the command of Edin! burgh Cattle, after he had for some time amZi the late Kmg was arrived in Ireland, set m his standard to signify his resolution to ho d out that place, and fired all the caanon, without bXVlo fA^t^^Zt"' *''°^^ '"-' "^y under the mere; 4^ef knTum^rad^L^-^^^^^^^ ^fi they dec are that being high'y sensibleTtSte g_eat dehver^ce from Po^r. and arbitraiy pow^r whereof It had pleaded God to make His MajesCthe fhT K-,^'*"^""^"*' ^"'J -l^^'ring to the utmost of their abilities to express their grititude for so gre^t and generou8anundertaking.no less necessaiffor the support of the Protestant interest in Europe T,u''i?"'"'f™g ^^ maintaining the civil riehte and liberties of these nations, so notoriousljTinv^ed ™Wte 3 fh 't-*""^ convinced of the restless tW »^;h^^ the continued endeavours of their Majes- tC vli}^ nft.on> enemies, for the extirpation of the Protestant rehgion, and the subversion of our ^Zm^I !,^'^' "nan™0"sly declare that they Tesid^l ^ ^^ °^'''* ?'' *f*>«*y ^"1- their in rL?^ fortunes m supporting his alliances abroad, J:S''l^da\^^dt'^^^--^ *^^-*^^*-* ii answer heret^ the King assured them of his |r_eat esteem and affection for Parliaments, especiaUv Knir'"' I'^'^'V "'""i'^ ^ '""'='' increased by th'e kindness they showed to him, and their zesJ for the 212 THE HISTORY OF public good, and that he would never abuse the confidence they put in him, nor give any Parliament cause to distrust him, because he would never expect anything from them but what it was their interest to grant ; that he came hither for the good of the kingdom, and since, by their desire, he was in that station, he would still pursue the same ends that brought him • that God had been pleased to make him instrumental to redeem them from the ills they feared, and it was still his desire as well as his duty to endeavour to presei've their religion, laws, and liberties, which were the only inducements that brought him into England, and to those he diu ascribe the blessings that had attended his under- taking. He then reminded them of assisting his allies, especially the Dutch, and to consider the de- plorable condition of Ireland, which by the zeal and violence of the Popish party, and the assistance and encouragement of the French, required a consider- able force to reduce it, &c., and that a fleet may be likewise provided, which in conjunction with the States, might make us entire masters of the seas ; and as they freely offered to hazard all that is dear to them, so he should as freely expose his life for the support of the Protestant religion, and for the safety and honour of the nation. In Scotland, the Viscount Dundee havij^s iprAe escape from Edinburgh, went to the nort^ , wb..5i\ he stirred up the Highlanders to join with him, and declare for King James ; upon which the Conven- tion ordered a number of horse, foot, and dragoons to march against them, and in the meantime, the Lord Ross, who was sent with a letter to King William in England, returned, and brought an answer thereunto ; after which, the Estates drew up an instrument of Government, for settling the crown KINO WILLIAM AND QUEEN MARY. ^18 npon King William and Queen Maiy ; wherein they recapitulate their grievances, and proposed remedies for the same; and then declare "That King James VII. being a professed Papist, did assume the royal power and acted as a King without ever taking the oath required by law, and hath by advice of evil and wicked counsellors, invaded the fundamental constitution of the kingdom, and altered it from a leg&l limited monarchy to an arbitrary despotic power, and did exercise the same to the subversion ot the Trotestant religion, and the violation of the laws and liberties of the kingdom, inverting all the ends of gcvemment, whereby he hath forfeited the nght to the crown, and the throne is become vacant • and they do pray the King and Queen of Englaad to' oTsttltdT^r '"' "^'^ "^^'^^ '' *'^ '''^^ And an oath of allegiance was drawn up, to be taken by all persons to them, together with a cor- onation oath; and April 11, being the day of the coronation of their Majesties at Westminster, they were proclamed at Edinburgh, with universal joy and acclamations. Commissioners were also dis- patched for London— that is, the Earl of Ar^vle Sir James Montgomeiy of Skelmerly, and Sir John ijalrymple of Stair, younger, from the meeting of the Estates, with an offer of the crown of that kingdom to their Majesties, and May 11, 1689, they accord- ingly at three o clock met at the council chamber and trom thence were conducted by Sir Charles U)ttei, master of the ceremonies, attended by most 01 the nobihty and gentry of the kingdom, who ^sided m and about this place, to the Banquetinff- House, where the King and Queen came, attended by manv nersona of mifllifxr +>.« r.^.^^^ v^: • . j before them by the Lord Cardross ; and their Majes- 214 THE HISTORY OP ties being placed on the throne, under a rich canopy, the fii-st presented an address from the Estates to His Majesty ; then the instrument of i _ /emment ; thirdly, a paper containing the grievances which they desired might be redressed; and, lastly, an address to his Majesty, for turning the meeting of the said Estates into a Parliament, all which being signed by his Grace the Duke of Hamilton as presi- dent of the meeting, and read to their Majesties, the King returned to the commissioners the follow- ing answer : "When I engaged in this undertaking, I had particular Regard and consideration for Scotland, and thereof I did emit a declaration in relation to that as well as to this kingdom, which I intend to make good and effectual to them. I take it very kindly, that Scotland hath expressed so much con- fidence in and affection to me ; they shall find me willing to assist them in everything that concerns the welfare and interest of that kingdom, by making what laws shall be necessary for the security of their religion, property, and liberty, and to ease them of what may be justly grievous to them." After which the coronation oath was tendered to their Majesties, which the Earl of Argyle spoke word by word distinctly, and the King and Queen re- peated it after him, holding their right hands up after the manner of taking oaths in Scotland. The meeting of the Estates of Scotland did au- thorize their commissioners to represent to His Majesty that clause in the oath, in relation to the rooting out of heretics, did not import the destroy- ing of heretics ; and that by the law of Scotland, no man was to be porsocuted for his private opin- KING WILLIAM AND QUEEN MARY. 216 ion; and even obstinate and convicted heretics were only to be denounced rebels, or out-lawed, whereby their movable estates are confiscated. Ilis Majesty, at the repeating that clause in the oath, did declare, that he did not mean by these words, that he was under any obligation to become a per- secutor. To which the commissioners made answer, that neither the meaning of the oath or the law of Scotland did import it. Then the King replied, that he took the oath in that sense and called for witnesses, the said commissioners and others pre- sent ; and then both their Majesties signed the said coronation oath. After which, the commissioners and several of the Scotch . nobility kissed their Majesties' hands. The Parliament in England proceeded to enact many laws for the ease of the people and security of the kingdom ; one for taking away the revenue arising from the hearth-money, by His Majesty's own desire, who willingly resigned up his right therein, because it was found grievous to the peo- ple, though it occasioned a great diminution to the revenue of the crown ; another Act was passed for exempting their Majesties' Protestant subjects dis- senting from the Church of England, from the penalties of certain laws ; anotlier for abrogating the oaths of supremacy and allegiance, and appoint- ing other oaths ; another for prohibitmg all trade and commerce with France, with divers more ; and about the same time the House of Commons pre- sented His Majesty the following address : " We, your Majesty's most loyal and dutiful sub- jects, the Commons in Parliament assembled, most humbly lay before your Majesty our earnest desires that your Majesty would be pleased to take into 216 THE HISTORY OF your most serious consideration the destructive methods taken of late years by the French King, against the trade, quiet and interest ol your king- dom, and particularly the present invasion of your kingdom of Ireland, and supporting your Majesty's rebellious subjects ; and we not doubting in the least, but through your Majesty's wisdom, the alliance already made, as well as those that may be hereafter concluded on this occasion by your Ma- jesty, may be eflfectual to reduce the French King to such a condition that it may not be in his power hereafter to violate the peace of Christendom, nor prejudice the trade and prosperity of this your Majesty's kingdom. To this end we most humbly beseech your Majesty to rest assured, upon this our hearty and solemn promise and engagement, that when your Majesty shaU think fit to enter into a war with the French King, we will give your Majesty such assistance in a Parliamentary way as may enable your Majesty (under the protection and blessmg that iJmighty God has ever afforded you) , to support and go through with the same." To this request and resolution of the House of Commons, which was so graceful to the nation in general, his Majesty was pleased to return this answer : '* Gentlemen, "I receive this address as a mark of the confi- dence you have in me, which I take very kindly, and shall endeavour, by all my actions, to confirm' you in it. I assure you, that my own ambition shall never be an argument to incline me to en- gage in a war that may expose the nation either to danger or expense ; but in the T J. iUUIV KING WILLIAM AND QUEEN MARY. 217 upon the war so much already, in effect, by France against England, that it is not so much an act of choice as an inevitable necessity in our own defence. 1 shall only tell you, that I have ventured my life, and all that is dear to me, to rescue the nation trom what it suffered ; so I am ready still to do the same, m order to the preserving it from all its enemies; and as I doubt not of such an assistance trom you as shall be suitable to your advice to me to declare war against a powerful enemy, so you may rely upon me, that no part of what you shall give for the carrying it on with success, shall by me be diverted to any other use." Soon after a declaration of war was published against France, and the reasons thereof, namely, ' The unjust methods of the French King these late years to gratify his ambition, by invading the temtones of the empire now in amity with us, and m manifest violation of the treaties confirmed by the guarantee of the crown of England, His Majesty, therefore, can do no less than join with his allies m opposing that King's designs, as the disturber of the peace and the common enemy of the Christian world ; likewise the many injuries done to His Majesty and his subjects are a suffi- cient justification for their taking arms, since they have called upon His Majesty so to do ; and though no notice has been taken, nor reparation demanded, ot late years, for reasons well known to the world, yet His Majesty will not pass them over without a public and just resentment of such outrages ; also the encroachments and invasions of the French on our trade and fishing of Newfoundland, and their hostilities upon the Caribbee Islands. New York, and Hudson J3ay, seizing the forts, burning the 218 THE HISTORY OF houses, robbing the English of their goods, im- prisoning some, inhumanly killing others, and driving the rest to sea in a small vessel, without food or necessaries, and this even at a time when that King was negotiating a treaty in England, of neutrality and good correspondence in America ; also his countenancing the seizure of English ships by French privateers ; his disputing the right of the flag in the narrow seas which, in all ages, has been asserted by His Majesty's predecessors, and which he is resolved to maintain for the honour of the crown and of the English nation ; and that which most nearly touches His Majesty is, his imchristian persecution of many English Protestants in France, contrary to the law of nations and express treaties, forcing them to abjure their religion, strange and unusual cruelties, imprisoning some English maste :s and seamen, and condemning others to the gallies, upon pretence of having on board either the persons or goods of some of his own miserable Protestant subjects ; lastly, as he has, for some years past, en- deavoured hy insinuation and promises of assistance, to overthrow the government of England, so now by open and violent methods, and the actual in- vasion of Ireland, and supporting the rebels there, he is promoting the utter extirpation of the Pro- testants there. His Majesty being theiefore necessi- tated to take up arms, and relying on the help of Almighty God in his just undertaking, hath thought fit to declare war against the French King, and will, in conjunction with his allies, vigorously prosecute the same by sea and land, since he hath so unrighteously begun it; being assured of the hearty concurrence and assistance of his subjects ; in supporting of so good a cause, forbidding all correspondence or communication with that King KINO WILLIAM AND QUEEN MARY. ^19 OT his subjects; and that all the French nation in His Majesty's dominions, who shall demean them- selves dutifully, and not correspond with his enemies, shall upon the King's royal word, be safe in their peraons and estates, and free from all molestation and trouble of any kind." About the same time the King of Spain pro- claimed war against France, and the Emperor of Gemiany sent a letter to His Majesty, wherein, after he had returned thanks to the King for taking care that no violence should be offered to the Roman Catholics, he promises the same thing in respect to the Protestants. His Majesty gave advice to the bwitzers of his advancement to the throne ; so that now King William and Queen Mary were acknow- ledged for lawful Sovereigns of Great Britain by aU the Protestant and the greatest part of the Roman Catholic Princes and States, for (besides the Em- peror and the King of Spain) the Duke of Bavaria, the three Ecclesiastical Electors, the Duke of New- berg, the Elector Palatine, and the Bishops of Liege and Munster, aU Roman Catholics, declared them- selves enemies to France, and by this we may ob- serve that the French politicians were greatly de- ceived in their measures, for upon notice of the Prince of Orange's expedition into England, it is re- ported some of them thus discoursed King Lewis : "Sir," said they, " there is a civil war kindling in England, which will last this two or three years, and disable that Island and the United Provinces from acting. In this time your Majesty will have con- quered all, or the greatest part of Germany. If King James has the worst, we will persuade all the Roman Catholic Princes to unite and restore him. All this while your Majesty will be the head of the league, will preserve your conquests, and King 220 THE HISTORY OF James cannot refuse you Ireland, or any other por- tion of his kingdom, Lor the expenses of the war. This done, your Majesty can fall upon Holland which shall be weak, and unprovided of men and money, and shall be able, in a little time, to opnrc&s the remainder of the Protestants, and so become Emperor of all Europe." But, unfortunately for them. King James too soon forsook his country, and then they cried, " Religion is ruined unless all en- deavours are used for his restoration ; " upon which some would fain know what religion the French Kmg IS of, who persecutes Papists as well as Protes- tants, and thinks that he must be either a Pagan or Mahometan, or else of a Christianity of his own con- triving, to carry on his perjuries and usurpations upon his neighbours. May 1st, a squadron of English men-of-war, under Admiral Herbert, sailing toward the coast of Ire- land, to prevent the French from landing forces and provisions there, undei-standing they were got to sea under favour of the night, they got sight of them lying in the Bay of Bantry,inthe west of Ireland, and resolved to attack them with nine ships in the harbour, they being about forty-four sail in all, whereupon next morning the fight began. We con- tinued battering, upon a stretch, till five in the af- ternoon, when the French Admiral tacked from us and stood further into the Bay. In this action Cap- tam Aylmer and ninety-four seamen were killed, and about two hundred and fifty wounded ; but the enemy were reported to hava two hundred slain, and many more wounded, and having landed some few men, for fear of a second engagement, retreated ; after which our squadron returned to Portsmouth, whither his Majesty came soon after and declared ms loyal intention of conferring the title of earl KINO WILLIAM AND QUEEN MAEY. 221 upon the admiral, and accordingly he was afterwards created Earl of Torrington, Baron of Torbay, &;e and the Captains Shovel! and Ashbay were knighted* and ten shillings a man given to those seamen that had been engaged against the French. King James found himself, at this time, greatly mistaken in Scotland, which he called his ancient kmgdom, where he thought himself absolute master, by makmg so many creatures and friends, whereas that kingdom in general now owned King William ; and the rebels, whose numbers were inconsiderable' were discovered and secured. The Lord Dundee alone escaped, who roamed about the north parts with some few followers, and General Mackay at his heels. Letters, about this time, were intercepted from tlie late King and his secretary, Melfort, to the Lord Balcarris and others, wherein were some ex- pressions that highly incensed the Scots agauist tnem. " You will ask me, without question,'^ says Melfort to Claverhouse, " how we intend to pay our army; but never fear that, so long as there are rebels' estates, we will begin with the great ones and end with the little ones." In another to Balcarris, says he, " The estates of the rebels will recompense us. Experience hath taught our illustrious master, that there are a good number of people that must be made Gibeonites, because they are good for no- thing else. You know that there are several lords that we marked out, when we were both together, that deserve no better. These will serve for ex- amples to others." After the reading of these let- ters, the President of the Convention, addressing himself to the members of the Assembly, "You hear, gentlemen," said he, "our sentence pronounced, ,^. „^.,^^^.^^ ^3 ciwici tw uuiuiiu ourselves or die ; " upon which the Lords Balcarris and Loch- 222 THE HISTORY OF ilHI ore, and Lieutenant-Colonel Balfour were committed to prison, and being thus forewarned, they resolved to keep the army afoot which they thought of dis- banding. As to the hopes of the enemies of that kingdom, that the abolishinff of episcopacy may oc- casion another revolution, there is no reason to be- lieve it, since the k^e carriage of the Scotch bishops has utterly alienated the aflections of the greater part of the people from them ; so that if they were Protestants at the bottom of their ^ souls, yet they appeared to be men of no policy, nor conduct, for they sent an address to King James, wherein they highly coim-atulated the birth of the pretended Prince of Wales ; they read that King's declaration for liberty of conscience, in favour of the Papist, and the abolition of penal laws ; and how could they imagine when they knew it was a long time before, that they could gain that single point of the superi- ority of bishops over private ministers, that the Scots would never endure Popery and arbitrary power to domineer over them ? Experience shows us that they only want a leader before this time, so that when the Prince of Orange's design was once discoursed of, it caused an universal joy over Edin- burgh and the whole kingdom, only the prelates wrote to King James that they looked upon this enterprise as a "detestable invasion;" and after the same manner they behaved themselves to the end, some absenting from the convention, others at- tending only to thwart the proceedings, and show their disaffection by their public prayers ; so that some wise men have affirmed had the bishops of Scotland showed the same constancy with those of England, their zeal and virtue had gained the hearts of the Scots, and given them an opportunitv to con- tinue episcopacy, but their ill conduct during the KING WILLIAM AND QUEEN MARY. OC- 223 kst two reigns, in their obstinate supporting the E^man Cathohc party, that had already invaded aU the hberties of the people, annulled their privileges, and changed a government, Hmited by law, into ar- bitrary power, rendered them the abomination of the l?rr;>. 1^!^. ^^^T^^d that their dignities were the only things they regarded, which made them deviate from the rules of the Gospel, looking no farther than their present enjoyments, little minding the betraying the interests of reUgion and the kingdom, out of treacherous compHance with fW ri^^'T^^ ?^^ ^^Pi«^ «^^rt,to whom tney made themselves slaves. June 15, the Estates of Scotland met after their late adjournment, and the Duke of Hamilton ac- quamtedthem that His Majesty had been pleaded to send him a commission to represent his roval iZ «i i^"" the tummg the meeting of the Estetes into a B.^rhament, which was done accordingly, and soon after they made an Act for recogniing and asserting their Majesties' royal authority and right nJtfZ''^' ^""^ 'ir*?'^" ^^^ ^" persons to take an oath of faith and allegiance to them ; and about the same time the English forces under General Mackay and others being entered that kingdom, the Duke l^^'^r..'"^" ^^{^^' ^^' ^^^ P«««^««ion of the castle, finding no hopes of relief, surrendered it upon articles to Sir /ohn Lanier; and so that im- portant place which so long had been a terror to nnV. J r ^^I^^'^'^SK was put into safe hands, the Duke castmg himself upon the King's mercy with- out making any article for himself, and it was re- ported he said, "That he had so much respect for all the Princes of Kino« t ^rx ,. ^ miv. make conditions with them for his own particular 224 THE HISTORY OF It interest." After this a reward of eighteen thou- sand marks was, by proclamation, promised to those that should apprehend Dundee, dead or alive, and indeed he survived not long after; for July 26, Major-General Maekay marching from St. Johns Town with four thousand foot and four troops of horse and dragoons, and coming within two miles of the Blair of Athol, had notice that Dundee ad- vanced toward him with six thousand foot and one hundred horse. The fight began between four and five o'clock in the afternoon, and lasted till night, with great courage and resolution on both sides ; but at length Maekay 's forces being overpowered with number, he retired toward Stirling, with a body of fifteen hundred men in good order : many were killed on both sides, but the enemies' loss was greater by the death of Viscount Dundee, who, charging furiously at the head of the Highlanders to encourage them, was slain with a shot, though he had armour ; after which a division happened between the Lord Dunfermline and Colonel Cannon, who should succeed in command of the rebels, at which time Major-General Maekay, hearing that f ve hundred of their foot and two troops of horse were sent to St. John's Town to surprise the stores of provisions there, resolved to be revenged for his late loss ; and marching out of Stirling with a party of horse and dragoons, met the rebels, and gave them a total rout, killing and taking prisoners the greatest part of them, and Captain Hacket, their commander. Soon after another defeat was given to Colonel Cannon's men, consisting of about four thousand with the addition of the country, by the Earl of Angus's regiment, under Lieutenant-Colonel Cleland, who, after three hours' sharp dispute, forced the rebels to tiy back, with a loss of above KINO WILLIAM AND QtTEEN MAKT. 225 «>ree hundred, and not above thirty of the Kme's ThTs'dZT r'^o'" J^ *e Lie„tW-Col2l of tL HiliP"^ '^ '^r'!"'^ ^'"P *« "»« incursions the deaWf.?'"^' ^^^ '»!' "^l ^^^^ """^e with tne death of their commander, beins never ahlp i^ the Earl of Dunfermime pretended to manage them yet several of the chief nobility and gentlemS came m. and cmved the benefit of the probation time before, to all those who, before the third of fi&t'V*"" w-\l5^ down their arms and wear SISe Lf^T"' '^^? ""^y °"^i°ta!ned the interest of the late King, retreated with his few followers to the Isle of Mull, doubtful whether to coS &al mIV f "^ *° ^^^'^-^^ I-ieutenanl ^Sut^^^^^"^^ P"* * g*™o° into the Zk tb»f ■ '•':*"™d to Edinburgh, whereseveral Jiarls that were m prison had their liberty, giving sufficient secunty for their peaceful beha^oSTso that several troops of the King's forces in that kingdom were embarked for Irefand. And about ±^esl^tery had been a gnevous burden to the fn^ ty,rT '''"'' }^X ^«f°™ation; that there- fore the King and Queen's Majesty did aboUsh episcopacy &c and would establish^ that Zrch people'' "" """^" "'"*" "^"^^ agreeable to the o M|m* 226 THE HISTORY OF ! ! And now the Parliament of England having given the King plentiful supplies for the reduction of Ireland, the army marched from all parts to- wards Chester and Highlake, to embark under the Duke of Schomberg, consisting of near thirty thou- sand men, with great store of all sorts of ammunition and provisions, and considerable sums of money, and His Majesty appointed a camp on Hounslow Heath for the remainder of the forces, August 14th, which continued only two or three days, and in the meantime a declaration of war was published against France in Scotland ; and now several Protestants in the north of Ireland having got possession of the Isle of Enniskillen and the City of Londonderry, they resolved to defend them against King James and his army of Irish Papists, who were marching from Dublin against them ; and hearing that Lieu- tenant-General Macarty was abroad with a strong detachment, plimdering and ravaging the country, Lieutenant-Colonel Barry f eU upon them with such v^grur, that it is judged three thousand of the Irish were slain and drowned in the Lough, near Newton- Butler, into which they desperately threw them- selves to escape the sword. King James arriving at Londonderry, imagined the terror of his arms would oblige the English to surrender the town upon his first appearance, and though Colonel Lundy and others despaired of holding it against an army of forty thousand men, with a train of artillery and divers mortars, yet the enraged people resolved to defend it against the utmost efforts of the enemy, and having declared Mr. George Walker, a minister, and Major Baker their Governors, they chose colonels and other officers, and regimented their men, consisting in the whole of seven thousand and twenty soldiers, and three hundred and forty- KING WILLUM AND QUEEN MARY. 227 solved 'to reduce thfm L £0^ and wHhirT '''■ less some small da,^e t T^^^ ma LTo,?' T • cannon from fhp +^«S, • xl "^^^^^t-house, the were made onl nf +v,« + • "''"^^'^ gaiiant sallies two hZl^ed wel UM SCr 'a ^}'''' ''^^^ with the loss ofl^rfe of the d J^^^^ !?'"*«<*■ wounded. June 4th tU L • i^"'.*°^ *^«n*y were mostly in armour ^rJil^' ? *^® ^^^^® four thousand ofTertiS d, t^ I^a fc tt' killed. In the niahf +to ^ ^' barbarously 228 THE HISTORY OF distressed ; but June 15th, a fleet of thirty sail under Major-General Kirk, with men, provisions, and ammunition for their relief, came into the Lough, and though several ships attempted to sail up the river, yet the fire of the enemy from the battel es on shore, and also a boom made of timber, chain and cable, across the narrowest part of the river, prevented their design ; however, they con- trived to give Major-General Kirk an account of their extremity, and he sent an answer assuring them that they should suddenly be supplied with all necessaries, which he had aboard in abundance. The enemy being sensible of their exigencies, pressed on the siege with more vigour, under their new French Marshal, General Rosen, who, by threats and promises, used his utmost efforts to reduce the town. June 30th Major Baker died, to the great regret of the besieged, and soon after the garrison was reduced to four thousand eight hundred and ninety-two men ; yet they made a vigorous sally to fetch in some cattle, but did not succeed, losing a great number of their men. This made the famine increase in the city, so that horse-flesh was sold for twenty pence per pound, the quarter of a dog for five shillings and sixpence, a dog's head two shillings and sixpence, a cat four shillings and sixpence, and other things proportionately, as rats, mice, tallow, frease, &lc. But now, when all hopes failed them, uly 13th the Mountjoy and Phoenix, convoyed by the Dartmouth frigate and other men-of-war, came up to the town with little loss, when they reckoned but upon two days' life, having only nine lean horses left, and one pint of meal to each man, four thousand two hundred only being left, whereof a fourth part were rendered unserviceable. The enemy perceiving that these ships had furnished KING WILLIAM AND QUEEN MABT. 229 the besieged with provisions, July 31st, they raised the siege m some disorder, blowing up several cas- tles, with all the, houses down the river, and setting the country for ten miles in a flame in their retreat. August 13, 1689, the Duke of Schomberg landed at Lamckfergus with all the forces under his com- mand, and the Protestants joining with him in great numbers, he soon reduced that town, and sent two regiments to Belfast ; and the General having made proclamation, " That if the enemy continued to bum as they had begun, if any of them fell mto nis hands, they must expect no quarter" Thev thereupon quitted Dundalk without any damage. Atter this, about five thousand Irish attempted to take Shgo, which was in the hands of the English • but the Enniskillen men, with about one thousand horse toot and dragoons, charged them with such celerity and courage, that seven hundred of them were cut oflf, and four hundred taken prisoners : and besides arms and ammunition, eighteen thousand head ot cattle were taken from them, which they had plundered the country people of. In Novem- ber the English army decamped from the plains of iJundalk to Lisneegarvee and Lisbum, the enemy though superior in number, having of late attempted little; only one morning early, they had hopes of surprising our advanced parties at Newry, killing the out sentinels, and getting into the town, but were soon beaten out again by a party of Colonel ingoldby s regiment; and several other parties beat the enemy in divers places, and gained great booties ot cattle. Colonel Woolsey defeated the Irish at Cavan, though the Duke of Berwick was sent to . , , „ " *' ™^' -^^a-^ hUKj-agii wie gamaun con- sisted ot four thousand men, yet three hundred of HJi 230 THE HISTORY OF l| !|| the enemy were killed, and among them many offi- cers; two hundred taken prisoners, and Cavan taken and burnt, which the English were con- strained to do, to get the soldiers out of the town to resist the Irish, who made a stronsr sally out of the fort. ^ ^ In England Her Hoyal Highness the Princess of Denmark was delivered of a Prince in August, who was christened by the Lord Bishop of London, and named William, His Majesty being godfather, and Her Majesty and the Queen of Denmark godmothers. October 19, the Parliament met at Westminster, and granted His Majesty two millions str ling, towards the expense of the next year's war. In Scotland « -olonel Cannon continued still in the Isle of Mull, with an inconsiderable party of islanders and others. Some few rebels appeared about this time under the Lord of Lochelly, burning and plundering wherever they came; about eight himdred marched out of Inverlochy, thinking to have surprised the fort of Inverness, but were defeated of their design. The Earl of Pembroke, upon his retu n from being Am- bassador in Holland to England, was made a Privy Councillor. Some persons were seized about this time for endeavouring to raise disturbance against the Government. December 16, 1689, an Act was passed declaring the rights and liberties of the subject, and settling the succession of the crown: "That whereas the Lords spiritual and temporal, and Commons as- sembled at Westminster, lawfully, fully and freely, representing all the estates of the people of this realm, did, on February 13, 1688, present to their Majesties, then called and known by the names and style of William pnd Mary, Prince and Princess of Orange, being present in their proper persons, a cer- KING WILLIAM AND QUEEN MAEY. 231 tain declaration in writing, made by the Lords and Commons (of which you have already an account). Upon which their said Majesties did accept the crown and royal dignity of these kingdoms, accord- ing to the resolution and desire of the said Lords and Commons contained in the said declaration and thereupon their Majesties were pleased that the Lords and Commons, being the two Houses of Par- liament, should continue to sit, and with their royal concurrence to make effectual provision for the set- tlement of the religion, laws and Hlorties of this kingdom, so that the same for the future might not be in danger again of being subverted. Now, in pursuance of the premises, the Lords spiritual and temporal, and Commons in Parliament assembled, for the ratifying, confirming and estabUshin^ the said declaration, and the articles, clauses, matters and things therein contained, by the force of a law made in due form by authority of Parliament, do pray that it may be declared and enacted, that all and singular the rights and liberties asserted and claimed in the said declaration, are the true, ancient and indubitable rights and liberties of the people of this kingdom, and so shall be esteemed, allowed, adjudged, deemed and taken to be, and that all and every the particulars aforesaid shall be firmly and strictly holden and observed, as they are ex- pressed in the said declaration, and all officers and naimsters whatsoever shall serve their Majesties and their successors according to the same in all times to come ; and do further declare that King James IL having abdicated the Government, and their Majes- ties having accepted the crown and royal dignity as aforesaid, did become, were, and of right ought to be, and Lady, King and Queen of England, France and 232 THE mSTORT OF Ireland, tc. And for preventing all questions and divisions, by reason of any pretended titles to the crown, and to preserve a certainty in the succession, the Lords and Commons beseech their Majesties that It may be enacted, established and declared, that the crown and royal dignity shaU be and con- tmue in their Majesties during their Hves, and the Me of the survivor of them ; and after their decease to the heirs of Her Majesty ; and in default of issue, to the Princess Ann of Denmark and her heirs ; and for default of such issue, to the heirs of the body of His Majesty; and that the ParUament in the name of the people, will submit themselves and their heirs and posterities for ever, and stand by, maintain and defend this limitation and succession of the crown, to the utmost of their powers, with their lives and estates, against all that shall attempt anything to the contrary. And whereas it hath been found by experience, that it is inconsistent with the safety and welfare of this Protestant kingdom to be gov- erned by a Popish Prince, or by any King or Queen marrying a Papist, they do further pray that it may be enacted, and all persons that are or shall be reconciled to, or hold communion with the see of Rome, or shall profess the Popish religion, or shall marry a Papist, shall be excluded, and be for ever mcapable to possess, inherit or enjoy the crown and dignity of this kingdom or Ireland, &c. And that m all such cases, the people are absolved from their allegiance, and the crown shall descend to the next heir being a Protestant, as should have inherited and enjoyed the same, as if the persons so reconciled, ^marrying, were naturally dead ; and that every King and Queen that shall succeed hereafter shall ?:Sx*_? first-day of the meeting of their Parliament^ . Siutiii^ un the throne of the House of Peers, in the KING WILLIAM AND QUEEN MARY. 283 presence of the Lords and Commons, or at their coronation which shaU first happen, audibly repeat the declaration in the statute of the 30th of King Charles II., entitled ' An Act for the more efiectual presemng of the King's person and Government,' <&c. 13ut if such King and Queen shaU be under the age ot twelve years, then to perform the same the fif^- ^^^l^ament after that age ; all which are by their Majesties, by and with the consent of the Lords spiritual and temporal, and Commons declared enacted and established to stand, remain and be the law of this realm for ever." About this time the Queen of Spain was convoyed by a squadron of English men-of-war from Holland to the Groin, m Spain. February 6, the Parliament was dissolved and another summoned to appear at Westminster, March 20th, following, which accord- mgly met and confirmed all the acts of the preceding I'arliament, passing many others, both for raising money, for carrymg on the present war, and for the beneht of the people. In Scotland some attempts were made by the rebels, for in May, 1690, the Col- onels Buchan and Cannon, being with two thousand men (which they expected to be four thous^^d in a ^w days) at their rendezvous at Strathspey, Sir Ihomas Livingstone, upon notice thereof, marched towards them with his forces, sui-prising them in the night m the camp, killed four hundred and took one hundred prisoners, most gentlemen and officers, i^uchan and Cannon hardly escaping, upon which the Castle of Lethindy, in which the enemy had a garrison under Colonel Buchan's nephew, surren- dered at discretion, in which was found store of arms and ammunition, with four hundred bolls of meal and tVlA Hfnr»rloT»rl Ar.ci,r^^^A i.^ T 1 i up by the late King James ; and yet in this whole 234 THE HISTOEY OP action it was very remarkable that the English lost not one man, and had only four or five wounded. In Ireland alffairs proceeded very successfully, for May 11th, the strong garrison of Charlemont sur- rendered upon articles, the Governor Teage O'Regan, and the Irish, about eight hundred strong, having almost consumed all their provisions, marched out, leaving a good quantity of ammunition, seventeen brass cannon, and two mortars. The King now re- solved, if possible, to make a sudden reduction of Ireland, that it might no longer be a diversion from his attacking the French vigorously in Flanders ; and in pursuit of this magnanimous design. His Majesty concluded to go thither in person, by his presence and conduct to facilitate the same ; and ac- cordingly, June 4, 1690, with a splendid equipage departed from Whitehall, and coming to Chester, embarked on the fleet attending him, and June 14 landed at Carrickfergus, being received by Duke Schomberg, and the army and all the Protestants with general joy and loud acclamations ; and from thence His Majesty marched with his forces in two bodies, and encamped at Dundalk, intending to go for Dublin, or else oblige the enemy to a battle, which the late King James was aware of, and therefore with his army which consisted of about thirty-six thousand Irish and French, besides fifteen thousand in garrisons, he marched from Dub- lin towards Drogheda, but seemed to distrust his success, for to provide for the worst, he sent an order to Waterf ord to prepare ships for canying him off. June 31, King William resolving to force the enemy to fight or to retreat, marched by break of day from his camp at Ardee toward Drogheda, and found the Irish army encamped along "the River KING WILLIAM AND QITEEN MARY. 2U Boyne, above the town ; and according to his usual custom, with undaunted resolution, he passed the river, notwithstanding the utmost opposition of the enemy, and fell upon them with such fury, that in a few hours their whole army were utterly routed and dispersed, about three thousand being killed and divers prisoners of note being taken, most of the enemy's baggage, as chariots, tents, arms, can- non, ammunition and provisions, and some money falling into the hands of our soldiers. The late King James, who had stood at a distance to see the fight, perceiving the defeat of his forces, fled with all speed toward Dublin, with a very few attendants, and having staid there one night, filling the place with fear and confusion, upon an alarm that King William was on his way thither, accom- panied with the Duke of Berwick, the Marquis of Powis, and some others, he left the city, and hastened to Waterf ord, where a ship lay ready for him, having neither slept nor eat till he had got out at sea, and stood away for France. Upon this the Protestants at Dublin, who were imprisoned had their liberty, and a few days after the King arrived there, to the unspeakable joy of the people. The loss of the English in obtaining this great victory was not considerable, only Duke Schomberg and Doctor Walker were both slain. After this, Waterford, Wexford and several other places were reduced, and upon a pro- clamation of pardon, many of the Irish laid down their arms, and returned to their former places of abode. This glorious success was somewhat clouded nearer home, for the French King, to favour his design in Ireland, had now set forth the greatest fleet that cvci oaiiv^u on jjiia oeeau out oi J5 ranee, and stood toward our coast, as if they designed to fight our 236 THE HISTORY OP navy under the Earl of Torrington, who June 24, sailed from St. Helen's toward them. They were seen the night before off Freshwater Gate, in the Isle of Wight ; but the wind taking them short, the Admiral came to anchor off Dunnose, five leagues off the French, so that a battle was soon expected, which the enemy did not seem to decline. The English seamen were also full of courage, and de- su-ous to engage; but the French being much stronger both for number and bigness of ships, con- sisting of eighty-two men-of-war, besides fire-ships, and tenders, it was not thought fit to fight in the open sea, so that the Earl of Torrington avoided it, till he came to Bevesire, off Beachy, which was favourable for his purpose, and there he received the Queen's orders not to delay engaging, if the wind and weather would permit, which was the reason that we went to seek the enemy, who expected us in order of battle, and about nine in the morning the engagement began. The Dutch that had the van- guard, fought bravely, and both sides fired despe- rately three hours, till the French, not liking their entertainment, bore away with all speed ; but about one o'clock there happened a calm, which not only prevented the Hollanders' pursuit, but put them into a little disorder. The French not being able to get away, were constrained to begin the fight again, which lasted till five in the evening with extra- ordinary fury. As for the English, some few fought well ; but the Admiral's unexpected standing away prevented them from seconding the Dutch, so that the rest stoodlookerson,whilethemain body of the French fell into the rear of theDutch, who having foughtfrom morning till night, and defended themselves so long against a prodigious number of the enemy that as- sailed them on every side, they were so much bat- KING WILLIAM AND QUEEN MART. 237 June 24, ey were i, in the liort, the I leagues xpected, le. The and de- g much ips, con- re-ships, it in the oided it, ich was Lved the be wind s reason ected us noming ^he van- 1 despe- ig their t about Lot only- it them able to b again, extra- fought g away ihat the French htfrom so long hat fl.^^^ ^^^^ under the bamier of^ for^X f ^ ^r'"i ^^" ^^^^^^ ^i^g ^^^«d be- fore the town five days after the siege had begun, having amassed aU his forces together upon this en- &!df.??Lr^7 sufficient to defen^d their gar- fiiaf^Tr"''*'!^'''^^''^^^' *^^^''"^^*^ *i^^gandattacks,and thetolly of the burghers, who would not admit abov© THE HISTORY OF six thousand men into the town, whereas they ought to have had at least four thousand horse, and ten thousand foot, this important place was taken in eight days' time, the Governor not being able to make such vigorous sallies as he might have done, because he was willing to spare his men ; but the burghers being by this means stronger than the gar- rison, obliged the Prince of Berghes to a surrender before the confederates could possibly have leisure to relieve the town. After which the French King returned to Versailles, and King William came back to England, viewing some part of the fleet in his return, and arrived safe at Whitehall, where his Majesty nominated several new bishops to succeed to those that had forfeited their bishoprics bv refus- ing to swear allegiance to their Majesties. He like- wise took a view of the troops that were to go to Flanders ; and having provid for security of the kingdom, and happily settled a. A affairs in Scotland and Ireland, his Majesty declared his resolution of returning into Flanders, and arrived May 2nd, 1691, in the army encamped within two miles of Brussels, being about seventy thousand strong, and the French, under the Duke of Luxemburg, no less nu- merous. And in July, Baltimore and Athlone, in Ireland, were taken by General Ginkle, and the Prince Wirtemberg. Monsieur St Ruth, the French King's general, being killed in the great battle at Aughrira, soon after, with the loss of seven thou- sand of the Irish, and the taking of Galway, which followed, with most of the other forts, and castles, and towns, except Limerick, which was also invested the latter end of August, upon which Lieu- tenant-General Sarsfield, who was retired to the ■mountains with four thousand horse and dracfoona. resolved to return to that city, but was met by the KING WIUUM AND QUEEN KAKt. 243 ai -ere%3t^''X;*:* *W m^Untly fled, above six hundrp^ Tr^iXv. • ^ f . ® ^^ *^® *owii, officers taken"Se™^^,7f^^^ and seventy selves shut un witliJr, tv„ ■""',, "^sieged, seeing them- which was now^^° f Lr"«/5 ""o «i"gle town, ducedtotheiiSaoSce' ^" "'^""^ - armies in the absence of thi^Kf^ f^ confederate finding he could^l fbW tteLvf^l^T^' departed to Brussels, anl from Te^J«^ r^"*' order to his return to EngCd i.l^L\^ '" mandof the armv to Prinnfw.ij t °? "^® '=°™- ing from Loo to reHr/? ,^ \^^'^^^- who,decamp- inf note ttere^f 1 "LtdTbt^V.*;! ''"^^^ J'''- who marched all S Id by fav^f ^.^'i't^T mist, unexpectedly fell unon IJ of a thick the confedeW rL ^Larr nf Z.fl?,?^'^ °^ sharp, and though Xior in number t^Jr"^ made a vigorous defence till several otW i • "'f came up to their relief which Susedrt/^^"*' retreat. The Fron^l, i„J caused the enemy to with many offic^ and ir"" fT ^"°*««" same nuICT^rM Zt^T^ '"^"* *'^« winter quartera * ^""'•^^ *«"' into mId'o?°ldmiX^:"rl ^*^' «"'^- *e com- lam some time on the ^ns.* J ?.J3,^^ having the irrench from sending forces "rtltr' '^ *"'''''''"* mto harbour after a v^ ZlsS""' "*'"" """^ » very tempestuous season, and 244 THE HISTORY OF it the Holland fleet separated, and safely arrived in their several ports, and the French fleet returned to Brest. His Majesty being returned to England, October 19, and the Parliament sitting, the King declared himself to them, who thereupon unani- mously resolved to raise such supplies as should en- able him to continue the war with France, and in March following his Majesty arrived again in Holland, and from thence went to Loo, where several Princes met him, to concert the affairs of the next campaign. He having an army of thirty thousand English in Flanders this summer, March 26, 1692, the Elector of Bavaria, who was made Governor of the Spanish Netherlands during life, arrived at Brussels, being received there with much joy and solemnity. His Majesty having designed to make a descent upon France this summer, the news so alarmed the French King that he resolved to land some forces in England, and King James at the head of them, some Jacobites and discontented people here having given him assurance of joining with him upon his landing ; to which end the French supplied ships, troops and Louis d'ors, so that nothing was wanting but to cross the sea, and a squadron of sixteen ships . and two bombing vessels were fitted at Toulon, under Count d'Estree, to convey the transport ships thither, under the protection of the French fleet, commanded by Vice- Admiral Tourville, in the Chan- nel, to prevent the joining of the Dutch and English fleets, and to fight all that should oppose their passage: but Providence ordered the winds and rocks to fight d'Estree, he losing two of his largest ships near Ceuta.on the coast of Africa, and the rest, miserably shattered, went to Portugal to refit, so that instead of being at Brest the beginning of April, KING WILLIAM AND QUEEN MABT. 245 he did not arrive there tiU the beginning of July ^n ^^^ minute too late, as he said, to jom Tour- , ville. The Queen of England, upon notice of the embarking of so many men, gave out aU necessary orders for securing the coasts, and several horses were seized, whose owners designed to have joined the enemy upon their descent, which was intended to have been about Portsmouth and the Isle of Wi^t. King James with his Irish forces was come to Cherbourg, upon the coast of Normandy, and Monsieur TourviUe had great confidence m the courage of his French mariners, upon James's assu- rance that the English would not fight, but be specta- tors only. ^ ^ The English and Dutch fleets being happily joined, without any obstruction from the enemy fn^x?''''?l?"^^^" '®* ^^^^ ^^^^ St. Helens, and on the 19th of M«,y got sight of the French fleet near Cape Marfleur. Admiral TourviUe, having the wind hastened up to the English, but the wind slackening' the French vanguard of fifteen great men-of-war could not come up to the English till eleven next morning. Five of the fifteen did their duty, but the other ten kept out of cannon shot. The Dutch T^lt ^ mi.^^^® ^ ^^^^ "P' *^® wind being in their teeth. The fight lasted between them that could engage about three hours, and then the French made all the sail they could to get away, and the Dutch had much ado to turn their ships to follow them by reason of the calm, during which two main bodies ot the fleet laboured to the utmost to come up with the enemy, and being happily got up with them engaged resolutely for four hours, and then Tour- viUe, as his vanguard had done before, retreated w.v.. «ii o^tpcu, iiuu vy lavour oi a mist got out of sight. In the afternoon the English blue squadron, 246 THE HISTORY OF ■which could not come up for the calm, fell upon the French blue squadron, where the most obstinate fight was maintained, till the night and mists gave opportunity to the enemy to hasten toward their , own coasts. The next day being clear, Admiral Russell discovered them two leagues off, but could not come up by reason of a sudden mist, About eleven at night the French weighed anchoi by moon- light, and the confederates pursued them, who, to save themselves, ventured among the rocks of Jersey and Guernsey. On the 21st of May the Admiral dis- covering several men-of-war upon a bank, near Cape Harfleur, detached Vice- Admiral Delaval, with eight or nine vessels and three fire-ships, to set fire to them, which, next day, was happily effected. The Royal Sun, that magnificent ship, commanded by Admiral Tourville, which was the wonder of the world, both for the exquisiteness of her carving and the beauty of her shape, being twenty years in the building by the most skilful shipwrights in Europe, carrying one hundred and ten guns ; the Admirable, of one hundred and two, and the Strong, of eighty guns, with two less frigates and three transport ships, were all sacrificed to the flames, and the next day twelve more were burnt in a. bay behind the Isle of Alderney, and this without the loss of one English or Dutch ship : the rest of the French fleet fled to Brest, St, Malo's, and other ports to secure them- selves. King James was upon a hill, and through a perspective glass saw the fight ; and, upon the first firing of the English, he declared that it was only a signal to come over to the French; but he soon found himself deceived, and that it was Admiral Russell he had to do withal, and that the intrigues of his Jacobites had not succeeded. Thus it ^ileased Heaven to crown their Majesties' navy with a glori- KING WILLIAM AND QUEEN MABT. 247 ous victory, and to preserve us from the chains prepared for us by the two dear allies ; for notwith- standing the specious declaration published by King James, upon his assurance of being restored, yet we have all the reason in the world to believe his par- don would not have secured the nation from Popish vengeance, but that we should have all felt the utmost effects of his rage and fuir, as well as the honour- able and worthy persons following, whom he excluded from all hope of mercy— that is, the Duke of Or- mond, the Marquis of Winchester; the Earls of Sunderland, Bath, Dandy and Nottingham; the Lords Newport, Delamere, Wiltshu-e, Colchester, Combury, Dumblane, and Churchill ; the Bishops of St. Asaph and London ; Dr. Tillotson and Dr. Burnet; Knights, Sir Ro. Howard, Sir J. Worden, Sir S. Grimstone, Sir S. Fox, Sir George Treby, Sir Basil Dixwell, and Sir John Oxendon ; Esquires, F. Rus- sel, R. Levison, J. Trenchard, C. Duncombe; citizens of London, Edwards, Napleton and Hunt ; fisher- men, with all others that offered indignities to him at Feversham, with Ashton and Cross»'s judges and jurymen ; also all spies, ai A those that have betrayed his councils in his a])sence. May 15, 1^92, the French army, having made many marches and countermarches, invested the strong fortress of Namur, being encouraged thereto by the treacherous Baron de Bersey, who, being bom a subject of Spain, and having received some disgust from that court, was corrupted by the French^ and, making his escape out of the town, informed the enemy of the condition thereof, of which he had got full information by his intimacy with the gover- nor, the Prince of Brabangon, so as to inform them plear^. gold^er. laid the croln"- i sc^pt^e of the realm. No da - could have been more si itable ^hT^^^t^f^'^'f *^Wed sky there dropped a Yew ghastly flakes of ..ow on the black plumes of tZ funeral carnage. The body as deposited under a splendid ca.nopy while the Primate preached the funeral sermon. Through the whole^ervice the Towe^ "''^' ^^ *^^ ^^''""^^ ^*« ^^'^^^ from the What was the spirit evinced by her Popish father ? It was this: James strictly prohibited all mouniinff at St. Germaina, and prevailed upon Louis to iasul a similar edict at Versailles, and t^e great nobles of and had always, when death visited that house punctiliously observed the decent ceremonial of sor- row, were now forbidden to wear black. The sharn- ' witted courtiers whispered to each other that there was something pitiful in this revenge t^ken by tlie living on the dead-by a parent on a child. ^ But James was a pious Momanist During the month which followed the death of Mary the King was incapable of exertioi . Even to the addresses of the two Houses of Parliament, he rephed only by a few inarticulate sounds. Durina some weeks the important confidential correspond- ence between the King and Hemsius wa^ suspended. At length William forced himself to resume it, but tell you m confidence," he wrote, " that I feel my- r--ti" 258 THE HISTORY OF Self to be no longer fit for military command, yet I will try to do my duty, and I hope that God will strengthen me." During the two years and a half which followed the execution of Granval, no serious design had been formed against William's life. James never pretended to feel any scruple about removing his enemies by those means which he had justly thought base and wicked when employed against himself. If any such scruple had arisen in his mind there was no want under his roof of casuists willing and competent to quiet his conscience with the specious sophisms of Popery which had before then cor- rupted far nobler natures. To question the lawffil- ness of assassination in cases where assassination might promote the interests of the Church, was to question the authority of the most illustrious Jesuits, of Bellarmine and Suarez ; of Molina and Mariana ; nay, it was to rebel against the Chair of St. Peter. One Pope had walked in procession at the head of his Cardinals ; had proclaimed a jubilee ; had or- dered the ^uns of St. An^elo to be fired in honour of the perfidious butchery in which Coligni had pe- rished. Another Pope had in solemn allocution h3rmned the murder of Henry the Third of France, in rapturous language blasphemously borrowed from the ode of the Prophet Habakkuk, and had extolled the murderer above Phinehas and Judith. Thus by an infallible Pope, whose system is semper eadem, William was regarded at St. Germain, pretty much as he is still regarded by the bulk of Irish Papists everywhere, as a monster, compared with whom Coligni and Henry III. were saints. For some time James refused to sanction any attempts against the i!r_ ^£ m iirm: __ji-: «-^ ^.-/^n -.Tr^v+Vk^r iiiU Ui S\JiW^ T» illiiiiii, aiiUliio iUOiDUiiD O-iC '.TCiX rr vi vii j of attention from Protestants of the present day, vi^^-Vfc-l KING WILLIAM AND QUEEN MARY. 259 particularly a^ they breathed, in an eminent decree the spirit of Popeiy. He did not affect to think that assassination was a sin which ought to be held m horror by a Christian, or a villany unworthy of a gentleman; he merely said the difficulties were great and that he would not push his friends on extreme danger when it would not be in his power to second them effectually. Protestants should bear in mind inl f'lYni'^u ^^t^^^^^'d since then. In the »pnng of 1695 the scheme of assassination wa« sub- mitted to James, but in order to keep himself free in case it should fail, he delayed making any formal reply, f^,\ on the principle that "silencf gives con- sent the conspirators proceeded to make arrange- ments of their o^m; but before these had been fmaUy completed, William set out for Flanders, and the plot against his life was necessarily suspended until his return. 'Jl^''!\.'^''Zr^^^ ''^^'' *^^ ^v«n*s connected with f^e fal of Namur. In all the countries which were united against France the event was re- ceived with much satisfaction, but in England the joy was almost unbounded. And not without reason i^or several generations previous, our ancestors had achieved nothing considerable bv land against for- eign enemies ; we had indeed occasionally furnished to our allies small bands of auxiliaries who had well maintained the honour of the nation, but until the days of King William there had been on the conti- nent no campaign in which British troops had borne a principal part. At length our ancestors had again alter an interval of near two centuries and a half begun to dispute with the warriors of France the palm of military prowess. The struggle had been a p....^ .-.X... xiic gciuua oi iiuxeiiiburg and the con- summate discipline of the household troops of 260 THE HISTORY OF I Louis had prevailed in two great battles ; but the result of these battles had been long doubtful ; the victory had been dearly purchased, and the victor had gained little more than the honour of remaining master of the field of slaughter. Steinkirk and Landen had formed the volunteers who had followed Cutts through the pallisades of Namur. The judg- ment of all the great warriors whom all the nations of Western Europe had sent to the confluence of the Sambre and the Meuse was, that the English subal- tern was inferior to no subaltern, and the English private soldier to no private soldier in Christendom. The fall of Namur was the great military event of thi year 1695. The maritime superiority of England and Holland was now fully established. During the whole year Kussell was the undisputed master of the Mediterranean, pas^nd and repassed between Spain and Italy, bombarded Palamas, spread terror along the whole shore of Provence, and kept the French fleet imprisoned in the harbour of Toulon. Meanwhile Berkeley was undisputed master of the channel, sailed to and fro in sight of the French coast, threw shells into St. Malo, Calais and Dun- kirk, and burned Granville to the ground. The navy of Louis which five years before had been the most formidable in Europe, which had ravaged the British seas unopposed from "the Downs" to the Land's End, which had anchored in Torbay and had laid Teignmouth in ashes, now gave no sign of ex- istence except by pillaging merchantmen which were unprovided with convoy. Such was the state of matters in the month of October, 1695, when William, leaving his army in winter quarters, re- turned to England, where he was received with .xl.. (~«« ^\ nt-»'v^ ^i'CJiio Uiil/iiiXijiiioii* TI. inr] JLJ.V ilitS.t-5.-w a a mynrefctaa ih^ th ih, country, and at every stage received marks of the KING WILLIAM AND QUEEN MARY. 261 good-will of his subjects. About this time there was a general election, and amongst those returned to new Parliament was Admiral Russell. He had won the battle of La Hague; had commanded two years m the Mediterranean, and had there shut up the French fleet in the harbour of Toulon, and had stopped and turned back the French armies in L-atalonia. He had taken many vessels, and amon^ them two ships of the line, and he had not, durini His long absence in a remote sea, lost a single vessel either by war or by weather. He had m.de the red cross of St. George an object of terror to all the princes and commonwealths of Italy. The result of the general election proved that William had dhosen a tortujiate moment for dissolving, and of the mem- be^ returned by far the larger part were favourable to the Government. It was very fortunate that such was the (^e, because at that particular juncture it was absolutely necessary that the House of Com- mons should aid the King in remedying several domestic evils which had assumed gigantic propor- tions. The silver coin, which was then the standard com ot the realm, wa^ in a state at which the bold- est and most enlightened politician stood aghast. Ihe hammered coins and the milled coins were cur- rent together. They were received without distinc- tion m both public and private payments. There were those who foolishly imagined that the new money would soon displace the old ; yet any man of understanding might liave known that when the fetate treats perfect coin and light coin a.s of equal value the perfect coin will not drive the light coin out of circula,tion, but will itself be driven out. A clipped crown, on English giound, went a^ far in the Davment ot n. dahi. nv a +o^ «„ :n_j mi ^ i-i. • 77 " " ^-'^ ^-^ » liiiiicu crown, ine politicians of that day marvelled exceedingly that lui: m i, « 262 THE HISTOKY OF 'everybody should be so perverse as to use light money in preference to good money. In other words, they marvelled that nobody chose to pay twelve ounces of silver when ten would serve the same pur- pose. Several schemes were proposed. On the 22nd November the House met. The King opened with a speech very skilfully framed ; he congratu- lated his hearers on the success of the campaign on the Continent. That success he attributed to the bravery of the English army. He spoke of the evils that had arisen from the deplorable state of the coin, and of the necessity of applying a speedy remedy, and he :^ntimated very clearly that he thought the expehse of this should be borne by the State, but that he would refer the whole matter to the great Council. The speech was well received both by the House and by the public. Ultimately the House resolved itseK into a Committee of the Whole on the state of the nation. When the Speaker had left the chair, Howe, who had already made himself con- spicuous, harangued as vehemently against the war as he had in former years harangued for it. He found little support. The great majority of his hearers were fully determined to put everything to hazard rather than submit to France. "We did not," said the Protestant orators, " degrade ourselves by sueing for peace when our flag was chased out of our own Channel ; when Tourville's fleet lay at anchor in Torbay ; when the Irish Papists were in an .IS against us ; when every post from the Nether- lands brought news of some disaster ; when we had to contend against the genius of Loais in the cabinet and Luxemburg in the field ; and are we to turn suppliants now, when no hostile squadron dares to show itself even in the Mediterranean : when our armies are victorious on the Coiitment ; when God KING WILLIAM AND QIJEEN MARY. 263 has removed the great statesman a-id great soldier whose abilities long frustrated our efforts, and when the weakness of the Fn rich Administration indicates m a manner not to be mistaken, the ascendancy of a female favourite ? " Finally, it was resolved that the money of the kingdom should be recoined accord- ing to the old standard of weight and fineness, and that the loss on the clipped pieces should be borne by the public; that a time should be fixed after which no clipped money should pass at all. It h?s been already mentioned that the plan fostered against the life of King William by the banished King was suspended in consequence of William having gone to the Continent, but it. was now thought that the time had arrived for resuming it. One part of the infamous scheme was under the Duke of Berwick, and the other part under Sir George Barclay, a Scotch gentleman. Barclay was told to steal across the Channel and to repair to London, where it was said he would be followed by a number of officers and soldiers. That they might have no difficulty in finding him, he was to walk on Mondays and Thursdays in the piazza of Covent Garden, after nightfall, with a, white handkerchief hangmgfrom his coat pocket. He was furnished with a large sum of money and a commission, which was not only signed, but written from beginning to end by James himself. This commission authorized the bearer to do, from time to time, such acts of hostility against the Prince of Orange as should most con- duce to the service of King James. Such language as this requires no explanation. Barclay arrived in England in January, 1696. His chief agent was a monk, who, under several names, heard confessions and said masses at the risk of his neck= Shortly afterwards some twenty or more trusty followera 264 THE HISTORY OF arrived from St. Germains, and, with Barclay and some others, at once set about their murderous un- dertaking. Various plans were proposed, but it was ultimately decided to adopt one originally suggested by a person named Fisher. William was in the habit of going every Saturday from Kensington to himt in Richmond Park. There was no bridge over the Thames between London and Kingston. The King, therefore, went in a coach, escorted by some of his body-guards, through Tumham Green to the river, which he crossed in a boat, and was met on the other side by a new set of guards. It was deemed best to attack him on one of these occasions when he was returning. Time and place were fixed. The place was to be a narrow and winding lane, leading from the landing-place, and the time the afternoon of Saturday, loth February. On that day the forty conspirators were to assemble in small parties at public-houses convenient to the locality. When the signal was given that the coach containing the King was approaching, they were to take horse and repair to their posts. As the calvacade came up the lane, Chamock was sto attack the guards in the rear, Rookwood on one flank. Porter on the other. Meanwhile Barclay, with eight trusty men, was to stop the coach and do the deed. All this time Ber wick was actively engi^ged in persuading the Jacobite aristocracy to rise in arms ; he was in constant com- munication with Barclay, and was therefore, per- fectly well aware of the dreadful crime about to be committed. Both James and Louis awaited the re- sult with feverish anxiety. Louis sent down orders to Calais that his fleet should be in such readiness as might enable him to take advantage of the great crisis which he anticipated. But God, who had al- ready preserved the King in a most remarkable KING WILLIAM AND QUEEN MARY. 266 manner, h^ wiJled that his enemies should not tnumph. Even those very enemies were made to work their own destruction. The first whose heart tailed h.m was Fisher. Even before the time and pla^e of the crmie had been fixed, he obtained an audience of Portland, and told him that a design was formmg against the King's life. Some days later J^isher brought more precise information, but His character was not such as entitled him to much credit; Portland, therefore, thought little further abcmt the mattter. But on the evening of the 14th ot * ebruary he received a visit from a person whose testimony he could not treat lightly. This was a Koman Catholic gentleman, of kno\^m courage and honour, named Pendergrass. He had on the day precedmg come up from Hampshire in consequence Ota summons from one of the conspirators, named rorter. This man had been almost a father to I'endergrass, but the latter was a conscientious man and telt that he could not commit murder. What was he to do ? Perhaps it might be possible to save William without harming Porter. At all events he ^^^1 ,il'.*^^ ^^ proceeded to Portland's residence and told him as he valued the King's life not to let him hunt on the following day. Portland went to the King, and with great difiiculty dissuaded him fr'^l.r^" ''''^ ZJ^^ following day. Saturday, the 15 th, came. The forty murderers were ready when they received intelligence that the King did not mean to hunt that day. The delay was vexa- tious, but Saturday, the 22nd, would do as well In the meantime a second informer appeared, and even William began to feel that there was real danger. Pendergrass was sent for to the royal closet. never showed without making a deep impresidon, 266 THE HISTORY OF urged Pftadei'f»T,'i.sri to speak out. " You are," said Williaiij, *' a maii of true probity and honour. I am deeply obliged to you ; but you must feel that the same considerations which have induced you to tell so much ought to induce you to tell something more. The cautions which ya > lia\ o as yet given can only make me suspect everbody that comes near me. They are sufficient to embitter my life, but not sufficient to preserve it. You must let me know the names of these men." At last Pendergrass said he would give the information required if he could be assured that it would be used only for the prevention of crime, and not for the destruction of the criminals. " I give you my word of honour," said William, * that your evidence shall not be used against any person without your own free consent." If was long past midnight when Pendergrass wrote down the names of the chief conspirators. Again the wished- for Saturday came, but again the conspirators were doomed to disappointment. The King had changed his mind, and would not hunt. In the course of the afternoon it became known that the guards had been doubled at the palace. Before the dawn of Sunday, Charnock was in custody ; a little later, Rockwood and Bemadi. Seventeen traitors were seized before noon. On Monday morning all the train bands of the City were under arms. The King went in State to the House of Lords, sent for the Commons, and from the throne told the Parliament that but for the protection of a gracious Providence he should at that moment have been a corpse, and the kingdom would have been invaded by a French army. The danger of invasion, he added, was still great, but he had already given such orders as would, he hoped, suf- fice for the protection of the realm. Sir Rowland Gwyn, an honest country gentleman, made a motion KING WILLIAM AND QUEEN MARY. 267 of which he did not at all foresee the important con- sequences. He proposed that the members should enter into an Association for the defence of their Sovereign and their country. An instrument was immediately drawn up, by which the represen- tatives of the people, each for himself, solemnly re- cognized William as the rightful and lawful King and bound themselves to stand by him and by each other against James and against James's adherents. Lastly, they vowed that if His Majesty's life should be shortened by violence, they would avenge him signally on his murderers, and would with one heart strenuously support the order of succession settled by the Bill of Rights. It was ordered that the Mouse should be called over next morning The attendance was conseqently great. " The Associa- tion, engrossed on parchment was on the table, and the members went up, county by county, to simi their names— so that this, like similar Associations ot a later date, was organized for defensive pur- poses. ^ Three of the principal conspirators— Chamock, King and Keyes— were tried and executed, and after- T^fno^ ""i^M^? ""^ ^^^^ ^^*^- I^ *^« ^ay of that year (lb9b), William proceeded to Flanders and took com- mand of the. allied forces. The King spent some time with the armies, but the pressure on the cur- rency question and other matters necessitated his re- turn m the autumn of that year. On the 20th of October the House of Commons met. William ad- dressed them in a speech remarkable even among aU the remarkable speeches in which his own high thoughts and purposes were expressed. In the dig- nified and judicious language of Somers, the Keeper TTZ- •t-iic xv.ing saia, great reason for congratulation. Overtures tend- L. i i 268 THE HISTORY OF ing to peace had been made. What might be the result of these overtures was* uncertain ; but this was certain, that there could be no safe or honour- able peace for a nation which was not prepared to wage vigorous war. I am sure we shall all agree in opinion that the only way of treating with France is with our swords in our hands." The Commons re- turned to their Chamber, and Speaker Foley read the speech from the Chair. A debate followed which resounded throughout all Christendom, and it forms one of the proudest days in the history of the Eng- lish Parliament. One hundred years after, Burke, the eloquent Irish orator, held up the proceedings of that day as an example to the statesmen whose hearts had failed them in the conflict with the gigan- tic power of the French Republic. Before the House rose on that occcasion, the Chancellor of the Exche- quer proposed and carried three memorable resolu- tions : First — That the Commons should support the King against all foreign and domestic enemies Second— Th&i the standard of money should not be altered in fineness, weight or denomination. Third — That the House make good all deficiencies of all Parliamentary funds established since the King's ac- cession. As an evidence of the temper of the times, it may be mentioned that within a fortnight two millions and a half were granted for the military ex- penditure of the approaching year, and nearly as much for naval purposes. Provision was made with- out any dispute for 40,000 seamen ; and on a division of two hundred and twenty-three to sixty-seven, the King was granted a land force of 87,000. The matter which next occupied the attention of the country was the Bill of Attainder which had been brought into the Commons against Sir John Fen- wick. After much acrimonious discussion the Bill KT\' 272 THE HISTORY OF his heavenly Father marred the close of that noble career. Burnet and Tenison remained with him for many hours ; to them he solemnly professed his firm and unshaken faith in the truth of the Christian re- ligion, and received the Holy Communion from their hands with great seriousness. Crowding around this last awful scene were the steadfast friends of his early youth and more mature manhood — ^men who had served him faithfully when others betrayed him. He strained his feebie voice to ihank Averquerque for the affectionate and loyal service of thirty years. By this time he could scarcely respire. " Can this," said he to the physicians, " last long ? " He was told the end was approaching. He took a cordial and then asked for Bentinck. These were his last articulate words. Bentinck instantly came to his bedside, bent down and placed his ear close to the King's mouth. The lips of the dying man moved, but nothing could be heard. The King took the hand of his earliest friend and pressed it tender- ly to his heart. It was now between seven and eight in the morning. He closed his eyes and gasped for breath. The Bishops knelt down and read the Commendatory prayer, and while it was being of- fered up, the soul of the great Champion of Protes- tant liberty return . peacefully to its Creator. When his remains were laid out, ifc was found that he wore next to his skin a small piece of black silk ribbon, containing a gold ring and a lock of his be- loved wife's hair. At the time of his demise William was in the fifty-second year of his age, having reigned thirteen years. He was a man prematurely old. Left an orphan at a very tender age, he had learned in a hard school to be self-reliant and reserved. He pos- sessed a courage that was calm amid every kind of KING WILLIAM AND QUEEN MARY. 273 danger, and never did he rejoice so much as in the day of battle. In his reign it became established that Parliament is alone responsible for the admin- istration of Government. By this great constitutional principle, the Sovereign has always the power of freemg himself from popular odium by dismissing his Mmisters ; and if that should prove insufficient, by also dissolving Parliament and summoning the election of a new one, when the future course of government is left to the determination of the con- stituencies. King William's submission to the will of God is not the least praiseworthy of the qualities which distinguished this great man. It should be imitated by all. In the r61e of fame there is no more dlustrious hero than William the Third, Prince of Orange. B /I i^\' m A SKETCH OF THE OEAFGE INSTITUTION. th. i J ? "w ° ^ *'' ^o*' ^« intimated that the seeds of what subsequently became the Orange Imtitution were sown in the lys of King WiS But to the proper understanding of this sfbje.t Hk weU to bear in m nd that " the Press," which has dZoteo"" '"^•'^ "'?S'^*y power, wast th^ days of the Orange Pnnce in its swaddling clothes with aU the formidable organizations of Rome and at a very ^rly stage in the contest with that Pow" r H m Z :^''/K'* "^T '"^''^'y combination w^' t might almost be said, to their veiy existence If they had neglected the veiy obvious^ duty Tband 2e ff l"" ^"T t^' Pr'"="tion of a common pur- pose, It would have been equivalent to allowing themselves to be defeated by piecemeal ; but twf siilT "°' P"''n™<* 'o '*<'> *"•! accordinglv we see what an unprecedented degree of success attend- " tW *r*'°" °^^ ^"^ ?°^'*"'l G«y^- He proposed that the members of the House should enter into an Association for the Defence of their Sovereign ^' *^.*iL^?J' 5: Mo»ta^e>proved upon tiu -- , «,xxv. a.11 lumraiUGm waw immediateiy drawn m A SKETCH 01' up by which the representatives of the people, each for himself, solemnly recognised William as nghtfi^ and lawful King, and boimd themselves to stand by him and by each other against James and James s adherents." " After making," says Lord Macanla;^, « the largest allowance for fraud, it seems certain that THE Association included the great majority of the adult male inhabitants of England who were able to sign their names. The tide of popular feel- ing was so strong that a man who was known not to have signed ran considerable risk of being pub- licly affronted. In many places nobody appeared without wearing in his hat a riband on which was ^broldered the words, ' General Association for King William.' " We do not refer to this for the purpose of showing that Orangeism has a consecu- tive^istoiy from the days of King Wilham ; what we wish to make clear is this^namely, that the principles of the Orange Society, as it now exists, are identical with the principles which were recog- nised and contended for by the early champions of the cause of civil freedom and religious toleration This point being, as it must be, conceded we have affitwecanp^ossiblyrequire^ ^f I'^.r^tTciA of the acts of disloyalty which called the Associa- tion into existence, we, to a great extent, lose sight ot its operations in the succeeding reigns. There can be no doubt whatever but " the Association rendered good service to the cause which was mainly instru- mental in calling it into existence J-^ conso Mated a feeling of loyafty and attachment to the Protestant dynasty, and crushed for all time to come *he XsibUity of a Romish Sovereign on the British Throne With this brief reference, it will be suthci- ent for our present purpose to^ say^ that ^several Associations wei*e iormed m tuo v^ays o. .-^-o THE ORAJNGE INSTITUTION. 277 e, each ightful and by Fames's caulay, certain lajority 10 were ar f eel- iwn not ag pub- ppeared ich was [ON FOR for the jonsecu- i; what that the V exists, •e recog- pions of leration. we have )ateinent ^SSOCIA- 5 sight of re can be rendered y instru- solidated rotestant jome the fi British be suffici- b several William, having as their ground-work principles analogous to those that are at present recognised as essential in the Orange institution as it now exists, not alone in Ireland and Canada,, but in all the British Colonies. Since Rome with unhallowed hands touched "The Emerald Isle," peace and hap- piness may be said to have taken their departure from that unhappy country. The Irish National Church at one time rejoiced in an independence that sadly annoyed the arrogant pretensions of the Bishop of Rome, and this despotic Priest determined at all hazards to reduce her to submission. It was not accomplished without a severe struggle, but Rome has been amply repaid for the labour which she bestowed in corruptmg the faith of St. Patrick. Ireland has been in the past, as she is admittedly in the present, a thorn in England's side. Why is this ? Simply because she is made so by Romanism. For a long time after the crushing defeat which the cause of the Popish King sustained at the hands of his son-in-law, Irish Romanists were kept on theii' good behaviour by means of penal enactments ; but even penal enactments were found poM^arless against the turbulent agitators who kept the country in a continual fever of discontent by their secret societies and by their lawless conduct. Even some Presbyterians were for a moment so far for- getful of their duty as to join hands in an unholy alliance ; however, if they made a mistake on that occasion they have since amply redeemed it, and at the present day Her Gracious Majesty has no more loyal or devoted subjects than the Presbyterians of Ulster. Much doubt and some controversy has arisen as to the formation of the Orange Society, and up to the preseni , at all events, no real attempt has been made to'give a reliable history of its institution, 278 A SKETCH OF «# We are quite aware that some enterprising indi- viduals, with extravagant notions of their own capabilities and importance, have adventured such a work, but hitherto their efforts have not been attended with any marked degree of success. The Macaulay of Orangeism has not yet come to the front, and we must therefore content ourselves with giving, in the space at our disposal, a broad but neverthe- less accurate outline of the Orange Institution since its inception in the latter years of the last century. In doing so we shall not inflict upon our readers unnecessary details nor ill-digested " authorities " of any kind. Such a work we could easily pitchfork together, but we prefer using our own intellects and giving results, rather than dry details, which have long since lost their interest even for the people in Ireland. In looking at the course pursued by the Irish Protestants at that day, cognizance must be taken of many circumstances which may escape the notice of even the most careful historian. That they suffered a great deal at the hands of their Roman Catholic fellow-countrymen is only too true; and even if they were occasionally guilty of reprisals, we must bear in mind that there is a point beyond which the ordinary run of mankind do not look upon endurance as a vii-tue. We are not commending reprisals, nor are we justifying penal enactments ; we are simply saying that, judged by the ordinary tests, the conduct of the Protestanto of Ireland was, under great provocation, tc^erant to the last degree : and the surprise is, not that the Orange society was formed at a particular period, but why it had not been formed years before that date. Let us see what it was they had to contend against. Looked upon as aliens, and known to be heretics, the ordinarj'^ Irish Romanist hated them with a hatred THE ORANGE INSTITUTION. 279 - ; as intense as it was unjustifiable. To the animosi- ties of race were added the still more powerful anti- pathies of religion, and both were used by Romish Jesuits for their own particular purposes, and that with a degree of unscrupulousness that is unknown outside the Church of Rome. Disloyalty to the Crown wa« fostered; and hatred to the Protestants, as such, became a cardinal virtue. Crime ceased to be crime when the object was a Protestant, and so it came to pass that midnight outrages, murders, robberies and arsons became " as common as blackberries " in Ire- land. This lawless and sanguinary spirit, we are sorry to add, grew and increased in intensity, until ultimately the very foundations of society were threatened. The lives and properties of Protestants were alike exposed to danger, and it was very difii- cult to predict what would be the final issue. In the prosecution of these disloyal and bloodthirsty schemes, those cut-throats banded themselves to- gether under various names — that is to say, in differ- ent parts of Ireland they were called by different names — but the objects to be attained were identical. Amongst these confederacies the gang that obtained the most unenviable notoriety was " the Defenders." What they defended is a mystery even to the pres- ent day, because it is a well-established fact that the so-called " Defenders " were as cruel, as aggres- sive and a^ bloodthirsty a set of scoundiels as ever disgraced the name of Irishmen. Their villanies were as unbounded as their cruelties were heartless or devilish. This precious band was composed ex- clusively of Romanists ; but Working to a greater or less Pextent with, and participating in their plans were the " Peep-o'-Day Boys," and some other secret associations of less note. For a variety of reasons it "WflS fplf fTinf on OTnoln-QTYio+ii-ivk rt-P 4-1^, . . .- !.t;iii«Vi-_-ii \JJ. V.1 ((Ti^e^^^j " 280 A SKETCH OF and the " Peep-o'-Days " should take place. The chief reason for this lay, no doubt, in the fact that the "Peep-o'-Day Boys" were mainly Presbyterians, while the "Defenders" were, on the contrary, Roman Catholics. A primary object to be achieved was national independence, and the leaders in the move- ment knew perfectly well that after this had been obtained there would not be much difficulty in set- tling accounts with the Irish Protestants. In addi- tion to all this, French influence began to be perceptibly felt, and this in turn served to moderate the fervour of the fanatics, who would have been quite willing to prosecute the war on a religious basis. But without stopping to discuss this as- pect of the question, we proceed to notice a fact which, if taken by itself, appears somewhat singular — we refer to the immunity that the " Defenders " appear to have enjoyed from punishment of almost any kind. It may be asked, why was this ? and in reply we are bound to say that no satisfactory answer can be given to the enquiry. That the Government of the day could have visited these murderers with the most condign punishment is a matter that hardly admits of dispute, and that it did not do so is equally certain, The notorious Father Sheehy and some others were executed, but until the formation of the Orange Society, the "Carders," "Hearts of Oak," "United Irishmen," "Thrashers," "White Boys," "Molly Maguire's Men," and all the rest of them had things pretty much after their own minds ; in fact, so early as 1772 the Government had commenced that system of conciliating Roman Catholics which since then has wrought so much mischief in Ireland. " In 1782, the Volunteers held their first meeting, but owing to several low persons, who turned out notorious THE ORANGE INSTITUTION. 281 traitors, assuming the rank of officers, ttey were by no means an efficient corps against the Romanists, who were now organized and united into National Guards and Defenders, under Wolfe Tone and Nap- per Tandy.'' Some competent hand must yet do justice to this chapter of Irish history, as it is of more than ordinary importance, particularly to the Pro- testants. About the year 1794-95 a perfect " Reign of Terror," with all its horrible accompaniments, was the order of the day throughout Ulster, but no- where was its influen«e more severely or more disas- trously felt than in the county of Armagh, and to this county above all others is due the credit of ori- ginating the Orange Institution. Our readers may infer for themselves the dreadful extent to which Defenders carried matters, when we tell them that they absolutely made an attack upon the life of the Lord High Chancellor, and that of his Grace the Lord High Primate and Mr. C. Beresford. If Pro- testants had any business to transact either at the fairs or markets, they were obliged to go together in crowds, and even then they were not safe from attack. This state of things continued, with but slight intermissions of peace, for the five or six years immediately preceding 1795. Hopes of French aid and the prospect of the speedy downfall of England kept the Popish population at fever heat, and they could not endure, with any degree of patience, the presence of the hated Sassenach and heretic, even for the short time that must, according to their no- tion of things, have elapsed before their final over- throw. In order to prepare for the massacre that was no doubt contemplated, the most frightful crimes were charged against the Protestants. Things went on from bad to worse until the month of Sep- tember, 1795, when matters seemed to have reached IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I •« -40 12.0 2.2 11.25 ■ 1.4 — 6" 1.6 V] ^ /^ / o e^. ^'^P J> > /^ r Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ■^ 282 A SKETCH OP a crisis. During the summer of that year, the out- rag«« committed on the Protestants of Arra^h were of a most aggravated character, but about *L mid- dle 01 September the atrocities became nerfectlv nubea^ble. What object the "Defender ^had^S rmrtu"eSi:sp''t""« t ^"«''="^* that'USui^ about the 15th of September they assembled in large numbers iu the Vicinity of Whaaul^ th" z°o^:f^'"'^^^*^«s^-' tetrrd";^a°ster! nation of the Protestant inhabitants. Contiguous "DeLr^-'* ""^7 *^" '^J''"'"^^ ^'^^ that the tio, -' ?, r ''°'^*'* vengeance on " the bloody here- tics as they were pleased to term the inoffensive R-otesWits of that neighbourhood. But herfZIn Rome -reckoned without her host," and bv heHn- eS a Sr "^i Y'^^^^^iy intolerince, she from that Xri VY "'^■"O'-al'le occasion which SlHv T^ P f ta« pursued her with untiring ftostUity. The Protestants col ected as rapidlv £ anZsu^lfdi? i'PPr ^^'^ ^"^^y ^^^^^ keeninTth^t •*" ^^ *?*""*' *' ''" «^«"H i^ •wZf "flu/" "^/'='' ^""^ '«^«™' days. Some of ™?h1 + ^ *'°^' ^ r."^y ^« permitted the use the" Defe^Z' '^''"^' "^r^S *« """-^^ °*'^hich Tjfi^ .T'™?«" ^ere almost invariably worsted &aLhpTnt ;f "^"^ ""f ultimately concluded named V^P^l^'lIf °* ? Pro^stant gentleman named Mi Cope and the priest of the pansh. The ^et^r^ T^ "P""} ^ ^^'' "»*^"* "°*''^v°^ *« Ld sh^M 0^^ agam, and relying upon this, both parities remired to the house of Captain Atkinson. T&owTO whose terms of treaty were arrang;d on whit ™ tT " '^^^^'7 »"«!«• Whfle thesrstU^ ions were in course of progress, a large Sv of Mon^hlrr ^T *5%»dj°i'^ oounties^f cr4^* Monaghan Louth and Tyrone, were on their way to join their fnends at " The Diamond ; " thev Sred some hours after the treaty had been Sed^^d t% T1 ^9^°^*' ** *« •dea of ha^Srk^ »athout plunder. Now, it is alleged, af d peA^^ Z t^^^'*'" ^*¥"* "•«'«°". that thSlni the treaty was simply a " blind " for the puroZ of taking the Protestants at a disadva^t^e^°fVf rather melme to a contrary opinion, and we think that, so far as the Armagh " DefendeVs " were theT selves concerned, the trTaty was perf^tly 6^^ S- .Romamsts, and no amount of special aSef ;"" ^li«-« «««" fro°> the stigma so K tit^nt- f h^n '"■ "^°'*?"'- ^P"^ fr«^ the institu^ mond"kn?/'^'^°''f*^' *'^^ "Battle of the Dia- '^nrf„n^ "*r '"'^?* °^ """J' importance. The Defenders began by attacking the house of an moffensive Protestant named Winters, uSt " the Diamond," and the Protestants, who CVen in duced through the stipulations of the trX to seek then; homes, were recalled in great haste The re fa edVheTrll^^lk- ""''^'T ^« P^otestnts b:Mty taced the r skulkmg and cowardly assailants who ftm PS1T"^1^''^^ wellirected discha^^' trom Protestant muskets, precipitately fell back, and 284 A SKETCH OF finally ran away, leaving some thirty or forty killed. Their flight was considerably accelerated by the appearance of the military. So many conflict- mg accounts have been published respecting these events that we make no apology for reproduc" igthe account which was given by Lieutenant-Colonel Wil- liam Blacker, when examined on the Select Com- mittee on Orange Lodges, 4th August, 1835. Colonel Blacker s account is especially valuable for two reasons— First, because he was an a^jtual par- ticipant in the contest; and secondly, because his version of the transaction has been endorsed as « ino8t authentic " by the late William Archer, Grand Secretary to the Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland. ° Question.— Are you a member of the Orange Society ? ^ Answer. — I am. Q. How long have you been so ? A. It wants about six weeks of forty years. Q. You, of course, then are able to give the Com- mittee some account of its origin ? A. I think I am. Q. Can you do so from hearsay or from personal knowledge ? ^ r A. Both. Q. From whom have you chiefly acquired your inf opnation ? "^ A. My principal information was derived from a very respectable old gentleman in the County Armagh, Captain Atkmson, of Crow Hill, who took a principal part in the transaction that 'led to the origin of the Orangemen, and a?so from several others of a lower rank in society who were mixed up witn these transactions, THE ORANGE INSTITUTION, 285 Q. Bo you consider the information you received from these persons to be authentic ? A. Perfectly so. Q. Will you state the amount of it ? A. The amount of the information which I re- ceived at different times ^ms, that a large body of persons called "Defenders" had made an irruption into a distnct of the County Armagh, near Lough- gall, and the Protestants of that district assembled to oppose their progress. I believe their principal intention was to disarm the district ; the Protest- ants E^sembled to oppose them, and there came to their assistance Protestants from other districts of the County, particularly from the neighbourhood in V uicn 1 reside. Q. What neighbourhood is that ? A. The neighbourhood of Portadown. Q. Is this information derived from others ? A. Yes; it is derived from the authentic sources above mentioned. Q. Can you state the date of it ? A. Monday was the 21st, the great day, and I think It began about the Wednesday before, in September, 1795. The parties skirmished, if I may use the expression, for a day or two without much harm bemg done. Mr. Atkir^on on one side, and the priest of the parish on the other, did their best to reconcile matters, and thought they had succeeded, as the Defenders " had engaged on their part to go away, and the Protestants to ' return fco their homes. At that time, as I understand, a large body of "Defenders," not belonging to the County Ox Armagh, but assembled from Louth, Monaghan, and, 1 beheve, Cavan and Tyrone, came dc^irn, and were much disappointed at finding a truce of this kind made, and were determined not to go home 286 A SKETCH OF I Without something to repay them for the trouble of their march. In consequence, they made an attack upon the house of a man named Winters, at a place caUed "The Diamond;" it is j. meeting of cross roads, where there are only three or four houses. Word was brought to the Protestants, who were on their return home, of what had taken place ; thev returned to the spot, attacked the « Defenders." and killed a number of them. Q. Were you yourself at all mixed up with the transactions of the Diamond ? A. I was. Q. To what extent ? A. I was a very young lad at the time; it so happened that my father was making some altera- tions m his house, which occasioned a quantity of lead to be removed from the roof. A carpenter's apprentice and myself took possession of a consider- able quantity of this lead, ran it into bullets, and had It conveyed to the persons of my neighbour- hooa that were going to fight the battle of the Diamond. Q. Were you at the spot when the battle was fought ? A. I was not in t le to be under fire, but im- mediately as it was terminating. Q. Can you speak from your knowledge as to the state of the Protestants prior to the battle ? A. I have always understood they were in a most persecuted state; that they were worried and beaten coming from fairs and markets upon various occasions. Q. What did you see at the Diamond ? A. When I got up, I saw the "Defenders" run- ning off" in one direction, and the firing had nearly ceased— I may say had ceased, except a 4 THE ORANrE INSTITUTION. 287 draping shot or two-^d i ^^ , ^^^^^ ^ ^^ Q. Can you state about the number ? Q. Were there 30? A. No; if there were 30ki]led,thatwas the outside Q. Were there any Protestants killed? • A. None that I could hear of. A ^ri?^ ^^^ *^^* happen ? Bit^ation^ "wtt^^o^r tl '^VT^'y. generally is at the fo.^'^l a vt:y step^wr°tL other party were in flia* i,«n ^''^J ^y^^P ^i" the men fiWuT^or, ^1 \ ''"''T' ^"^^ consequently A. Yes, they were. 1 n w^^^^™' ^'■'"•g^ ^eo formed thtn ? Q. Where? A. I understand it was formp^ in +».« i, m^ .^med Sloan, i„ thT^U^f ofw^X °' ' O Win ' V '"''I have one of them with me Q. WUl you have the goodness to produrft ? (Produced and read as f oDows :) ■' No. Eighty-nin7'""^'''' '"^^ ^*' *^»«- Po'2otSS.^"*^--'^^^^^Buna. 288 A SKETCH OF Q. What was the principle upon which they were founded ? A. Wholly defensive. Q. Has the Association ever varied from that principle since ? A. I do not consider it has in the slightest de- gree. Q. Then you consider the Orange Society to he a strictly defensive Society, not in the slightest degree aggressive ? A. Certainly. Q. Do you conceive that you have had oppor- tunities of forming a fair estimate of the effects of the system ? A. I conceive that I have. Q. Can you take upon yourself to say what these effects have been ? A. I consider, in the first place, that the estab- lishment of Orange Lodges was the first thing that checked the march of republicanism and rebellion in the north of Ireland. When the United Irish- men were on foot, they afforded a ralljdng point for the loyalty of the country. I consider they have been productive of various advantages ; besides, in a moral and religious point, I am sure that the dis- cipline of these Lodges has gone far to prevent many young men from falling into vice of different kinds, such as intoxication. They had a character to sup- port, and they felt it. I am sure it brought many to read God's word and to attend God's worship, who but for that would have been ignorant and idle. This testimony puts the foimdation of the Orange Institution in a correct light before the public. Another trustworthy authority, speaking on this r THE ORANGE INSTITUTION. ,. 289 prepare an enterta^Cnt f„' hf^T'^ ^" '"""^^^ to turn. The result weZl K ^ ^°™'* °" *eir re- on the festivities^ ProSL'n?' T, " "*""P«r" that a final stand mus? bem,! • • "i^*«' *«ing Md partook of the honou^f ^ V°"?l'' '» *« ^ght^ memoration of which thTfiftr" 1"='°'^' ^ com- the evening of that day e„ tlTe fi^r/^? 0^"^ '■°'™«d Orangemen were now vStlw. ^^^ *'"*• "^^^ a«!essjon of all suchTs rSn^^^^^''^^ ''^ tJ"" to stand for their SovS ^L^*"' ^""^ '^^^•'•ed Perty. From this timlT^ • "^ security of pro- fnd good order liHuSiT tT'Tt"" """^er^ they rendered ^erWcesXf *''%'•?''«"'«" of 1798 been forgotten Thf !f • • . ''"S''* °ever to have coUected^rom th^Ulfk? 7^"°^' ^« "V ^ simple slips of T>fl^L™?Jl "^ ^o'- Blacker, were the date K^andTit **"' ""T^' «* "-e LoX™ It wa. at the sugg^l^'fT'^'Vr "^^""^ S'oaf/'' first Loc' ;e w<^^S"r Thr'*^- ''"**'"'"' *«tthe anecdote told respS^.^' thl^-Sian Lod'"*^^''* A few days after the atrn^;). I L, '^S®' ^o. 1." some men came from +w^^f *' *« Diamond," ^ocure from ZlnVnt^rt a*°uti[""f ?"• *^ mittmg members into J^T% authority for ad- go to the viUage to tt ^fS„ ^'«»° told them to time Wilson on , =• •■ ''°^ materials. Mean- -^rived, 2 on VZZf""^"^ ^^'^ *^^^»° neither pen noHnk riC ™?^.*f I *«^« ^« provide against tKnd 'ti, ?*!''««". lean Orange wS^„t sho^d not W^» .** ^^^ ^"^t hlii 290., A SKETCH OF signed the paper, and thus established the claim of the Dian men to a •' number" which ought to belong to the place of victory. This Lodge is now in ac- tive operation near Caledon, County Tyrone. In its inception the internal workings were very simple, and the obligation short and to the point. During the course of years, its ritual became elaborated, and from time to time additions were made, either be- cause they were deemed useful or ornamental, or perhaps both. To Ireland, and to Ireland alone, belongs the cre- dit of the Orange Institution. The Society rapidly grew into importance, and the mere fact of its suc- cess was sufficient to create for it a host of enemies ; notwithstanding, however, it made rapid progress, especially in the North of Ireland. Among the stur- dy sons of Ulster it found a congenial soil, and even in several parts of the South and West of Ireland it made considerable progress. Previous to 1797, several County Grand Lodges were formed ; but the awful forebodings of the times, darkened with the approaching storm of conflicting animosities, and which in '98 overwhelmed the country, warned the Protestants of the necessity of a closer union and a more perfect organization of their strength, which they hoped would be, and eventually was, the pro- tecting shield of the faith and liberties in the san- guinary and turbulent times which ensued. To per- fect the discipline of the Order, and organize its strength, the Grand Lodge was called into existence in the City of Dublin on the 4th of April, 1798. Thomas Vemer, Esq., was appointed first Grand Master. As we have already intimated, we are not in favour of crowding together a lot of old docu- ments to prove points that no one in his senses ever thinks of disputing. One almost turns sick at heart THE ORANGE INSTITUTION. 291 instanced the page of hi^n..^V^''' ^''''e ^^ many of deeds of heulfh cnieTtv Thlf ""''"<' ''^ *« « ^ould put even slvS 1 n'^^''""''" of which Orangemen, durC fP u ,'''*'?''■ That Irish period, di.i gooSicilT^^'^ "^ *'^'' ""happy der, even thdr eneS TJf ■''T "^ '''^ ""d o^ yean, later, all t^rfC t" 1° f'"^' ^ f«^ the sufferings thev W .T J'^ ''*<' "ade and all torrents of tbuse^^ere helS ^''^^fo'-gotten, and ample, the Rev. MoSmer Ts1,T° ^^^^ ^or ex- the most eminent cha^ZL * j^"^' ^■^- one of 'ng evidence before tK^Iif '^T^^'^"'' ^ giv- stated that he had imWbed » ir'"**/^ Committee, pra^geism through "SIM"? ^""""^ <^m»t by Mr Justice ^^^814 tf •«'' f'"''^«'^<' m mind the change th«t J ?* '^ '^'^" to bear politicians some '^t yt^Ttef^^ "''' ^'^J" 1^8 were dyin^ out Tinl J^' , ■^'^® memories of <«erting t^XL ^h iS^ I? ^«^« '^g*'" sions of loyalty were V^f f ^- H<*ness ; profes- moderate of their^e^de^ o r u°g ^"« the more be a favourite maxTm Sat O ''^*°«?*'^'' '* «""« to ^ay to a reign of aU hnt 9™nge>sm barred the tion was now in fun swt "'^"i'^i P^«=«- Agita! Ireland were in a stlteT^^^^h^ "'"""''r^ "^ the peace of the countL r .■ *"g"i-ed ill for yth this period ar^ran^- „^'""»Hy '=«'«««ted Moore, " tfie poet of aU cLr'°''A'"''*oric note, own," it was feared wLlTr T"^ *•"« '''ol of his of the agitato«f ;;^d To the M ^T"" '"**> *e net t«%entRo^^cX?rtti^:i-;^-m- mm 292 A SKETCH OF " If," says Moore in his -eply, " there is anything in the world that 1 have been detesting and despis- ing more than another for this long time past, it has been these very Dublin politicians whom you so fear I should associate with. I do not think a good cause was ever ruined by a more bigoted, brawling and disgusting set of demagogues; and though it he the religion of my fathers, I must say that much of this vulgar spirit is to be traced to that wretched faith which is aga,in polluting Europe with Jesuitism and Inquisitions, and which, of all the humbugs that ever stultified makind, is the most narrow, and mischievous. So much for the danger of my joining Messrs. O'Connell, O'Donnell, &c." Hardly aaything more severe than this has ever been written about Eomanism by any educated Protestant. In 1821, Lo'd Talbot was Irish Viceroy; he at- tended the inauguration dinner of the newly-ap- pointed Mayor of Dublin. On that occasion the charter toast was duly given and honoured. His successor, the Marquis of Wellesley, with a view to concilitate the disaffected Papists, refused to allow the toast to be drunk in his presence. Nor was this all. The Orangemen of Dublin were in the habit of decorating King William's statue, in College Green, and this display the worthy Viceroy deter- mined should be put a stop to. His condv ct gave great offence, and on a subsequent occasion, during a performance in the Theatre T^oyal, some empty bottles were thrown at the royal box. Two or three Dublin mechanics were tried for the offence, and very properly acquitted. It would be tedious and unprofitable to go into these matters in detail ; let it suffice, that in the year 1836 King William IV. expressed a wish that the Society should be dissolved. " For nearly forty years— that is to say, from 1T98 THE ORANGE IN8TITI7TTON. M 293 Weep°f tri yith dutiful submLion! was Held m Dublin, whe^, on the 14th Anril ISSR utn'^Tto'':xtt'''"p"'*"'' wa. pa^a^. jj!, liable to M ini^ *K T"^ ''^^"g *^^ <«« Grand Master, His Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland. Prelate. The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of SaUsbuiy. Deputy Grakd Masters. The Right Hon. the Earl of Enniskillen. Robert Hedges Eyre, Esq. Pploi^el WilUam Verner^ M.P, 294 A SKETCH OF Right Hon. Lord Viscount Cole, M.P. The Right Hon. Lord Longford. Right Hon. Viscount Mandeville, M.P The Right Hon. the Earl of Roden. The Right Hon. the Earl of Rathdown. The Rifjht Hon. Viscount Castlemaine. The Right Hon. Lord Famham. The Moat Noble the Marquis of Ely. y The Most Noble the Marquis of Thomond. Right. Hon. Viscount Powerscourt. Right Hon. Randal E. Plunket. The above list included some of the most in- fluential noblemen in the country ; and although the Grand Lodge was formally dissolved, they never ceased till the day of their death to counten- ance and support the Institution. In connection with the above, we subjoin a list of the first County Grand Masters, as well as a list of those who were County Grand Masters at the time of the dissolution. COUNTY. Antrim Armagh Carlow Cavan Cork County . . " City Donegal Down Dublin County. -fV- FIRST GRAND MASTER, 1798-9. William Atkinson, IVi.D. William Blacker. Lieut. -Col. Rochfort. James H. Cottingham. William Lor-jfield. Dr. Hprdinfe. Sir Edward Hayea, Bart. Hon. Mayor Molesworth. ; xiiuuxoa r criici'. GRAND MASTER AT TIME OF DISSOLUTION, 1836. Commodore Watson. William Blacker. Joseph Fishboume. Richard P. Bell. Robert Hedges Eyre.' FTenry Brooke. Earl of Annesley. Nich. D, Cromelin. Earl of Rathdown. Jolii; Judkin Butler. THE ORANGE INSTITUTION. 295 Fermanagh Kildare King's County. Leitrim Limerick Londonderry... Longford Louth Meath Monaghan GRAND MASTER AT TIME OF DI880LDTION, 1836. Queen'e County Roscommon siigo ;;;; Tipperary Tyrone TWnity CoUege." Waterford Westmeath [ Wexford Wicklow * Thomas Verner. Samuel Montgomery. None. William Perry. None. Thomas Verner. Sir T. Fetherstone. None. None, Alexander Ker, Barrister at-Law. None, None, John Workman. Simon Lanerley. Thomas Verner. None. Sir Richard Musgrave. William Webb, jr. Rt, Hon, Geo]^e Ogle. Rev. Richard Powefi. Earl of Enniskillen. None, Guv Atkinson. William Perry. Ralph Hill. Rev. John Graham. William L, Galbraith. Earl of Roden. Hon. R. Plunket. A. H. Montgomery. Chidley Coote. Henry Fry. Ed. J. Cooper, William P. Barker. None. Edward Spencer. Thomas Harris. Col, G. S, Rochfort. R. W. Phaire. William Jones Westby. Some years ago, the number of Lodges in the fotws ""'*"' '^ ^^^^^"^ "^« estfmatTd L Antrim 282 ^"na«h .*".■.'.'.■.'.*;,' 262 ^»7» 104 Cork 44 Carlow ...' 4 Donegal .,!!.!!."!,',*. 40 K°^ 259 -Uubhn 42 Femanagh '.'.'.'.'.['. 250 Kildare 3 King's County..' .' ." ,".*. ,' ' .". 5 Leitrim 28 Londonderry County, . . 124 Londonderry City 19 Longford , . . . ' " ' 13 Louth ."//" " g Mayo .',.*,■.'.'., 6 ' Meath ;;.; 6* Monaghan HO Queen's County... .. 14 ' siigo ; 17 Tipperary. g ^'on«- ".l.V.",' 238 Wexford jg Wicklow 20 »Jif„! "^"'^'^.J'ave, eapedallyin the northern V— .^i«, gicauy mcreaaea within the past few 296 A SKETCH OF years. In the Dominion of Canada, there cannot be less than 1,300 Lodges; and if to all these be added the Lodges in England, Scotland, New Zea.- land, Australia and the United States, the aggregate membership of the Order would figure up to nearly ONE MILLION of men. ^ ^ J We need not dwell at any great length on what followed. Orangemen were too conversant with the tricks and subterfuges of their enemies quietly to abandon a position which gave them so decided an advantage over their opponents, and notwith- standing the repeated assertions and declarations to the contrary, Orangemen persisted in believing that Romaiusm was unchanged, and that if opportunity served, the professors of that creed would be only too \^ling to disturb the settlement of 1688, and to bring the country again under the Egyptian bondage of Rome. A decade had hardly passed when it was made abundantly manifest that Emancipation and the innumerable concessions made to Rome, instead of producing loyalty, had only served to whet the appetite of that insatiable system. The agitators were again at work, and again the Government, in its hour of extremity, threw itself into the arms of the Orangemen of Ireland. It is not necessary to detail what followed. " The Young Ireland party," as it was termed, after repudiating the advice of that wily politician, O'Connell, ended its inglorious career in the Ballin- garry cabbage garden; but had their efforts amount- ed to anything really serious, the Orangemen of Ireland would have taught them such a lesson as they had not received since the memorable " Battle of the Boyne." As it turned out, however, half a dozen police constables were able to defeat tbp whrkio TT XXVAV THE ORANGE INSTITUTION. 297 & °°*7\*«*^ding the heroics of "Vitriol ft-Slr A,t^ Ti"'' *^rP'«' "*« Party Lo^TornnJ^ ' B^^ *^ .prohibition issued by tratl ^^^'"'^'"' ^^y against the Orange magis- trates. The immediate cause of this nmhikl^^ r,ll "'"'y j°^. tJi?* year very serious rioting took place a«d m the following September a lpe^°^ maZ anH "^"7^' "^"^ *° investigate the S matter, and, as they were expected to do the com Tt' wTrP"^''.^ '''A^^ Lieutenant ftatX not was owmg to the Orange celebrations Thi« was incorrect. It is alleged ^hat the riot arosIiL this way: "A Roman Catholic, evidently ^th^ n^icious mtention. attempted to induce a Steten? ^riJcKbX^: " Vr r^ t ^^'f-' '^aS pnneipaJIy ^ Roman Catholics. Nothaving succeed ft i^, ? *^?.f '•o'^^tant, he procured a lily fnd wore ^: o^W o&T'^T'^ "^'"^"O^- I-'^'ediately wJ; t.u . effecting discord was obtained ; offence was taken at the obnoxious display, and pa -tv feel- veSs an^rt ""*" T"? '■"""^^'l ^ subsequent Romi P„T r ""'" ^ ?" <^«"''t ^l-atever but the Roman Caoholics were the aggressors. nowbe ?,if?r^ *m'°?"'^""^; ^»* Canada^may OTov^d owl; "T^ TP«'=*« Canada has*^im- proved on the system which she received from the mother country. T' , same spirit of lovX which X''"?'- *° *^ '^^^^ 0^ G*«at & which characterizes the Orangemen nf Tr«l.„!r cnaiaclerizes their descendante in Canada,' 'Q 298 A SKETCH OP our national history will be incomplete if it does not record the part they took in the defence of this country and for the suppression of rebellion. In the latter part of 1860, the Prince of Wales visited the United States, and what was then called Upper and Lower Canada. "His Royal Highness was attended by the late Duke of New- castle, then Colonial Secretary, under whose guidance and direction he travelled. It was an unhappy circumstance that the Duke was called upon to accompany the Prince, for his Whig an- tecedents and Roraanistic proclivities rendered him but an indifferent mentor for our young Tele- machu^. It is estimated that there were then in the two Provinces about 150,000 Orangemen— a number which has since then greatly increased. The great bulk of these belonged, of course, to On- tario. The Protestants, entertaining sentiments of sterlmg loyalty for their beloved Queen, were de- lighted to have an opportunity for manifesting their feelings. For this purpose preparations were made on a large and extensive scale for the Grand Master aiid the brethren to meet and give honour to the Fnnce, and in his person tender the fealty to the Queen. Lofty and magnificent arches were erected, and thousands of Orangemen, mostly congregated from remote districts, appeared, decorated in the insignia of thelvarious orders in the Institution, mar- shalled by their respective officers, with waving flags and banners, accompanied by martial music. It had been previously mtimated by the Duke that addresses would not be received from the Orange- men, but up to this time nothing was said as to the procession or wearing of colours. Processions in ohis country were not illegal ; no impediment was anticipated; and the Orangemen hailed with iov THE ORANGE INSTITUTION. 299 I onifowi -J.- . ^'uice ai ».ingston, assigned a suitable position m it to the Oranee proceslion of which the countiy lodges being i^omeT thev at arnvingm large masses from distant places with all the paraphernalia of the Order; butas suchadk teelings he having been informed of the intended demonstration, wrote a letter to Sir Edmund Heti who iD^ turn wrote letters to the Mayors of Kinm- ^n and Toronto, in which he stated that the Duke had mstnicted him that the Prince of Wales would Prinrind t' '"^ *^r^^ r^- »«' ^h""'" the rnnce land at any ,place where the Orajieemen TLnr-^T' J f '."t'-If t'O". most injudicious and dictatonal which, m the words of the Momina mrald placed the Duke's ipse the immediate supervision of one of the leading Orangemen of Canada, and we have spared no expense in making it the most complete (having more emblems than any other), the best designed and executed of any Chart yet published. In regard to price, we are prepai-ed to sell at the low rate of 75 cts., which we are enabled to do by publishing a very large edition, which wo feel satisfied, owing to its many merits, will be soon exhausted. Post PrAfl nn rAnAi-nf nf 7R na-n-t-a MACLEAR AND CO/s PUBLICATIONS. ^ Sll THE Variations of Popery. By the LiTE Rev. SAMQEL EDGAR, D.D. DHDIOATHD BY FEBMIBSION TO HIS GEACE THE LATE ARCHBISHOP OF AEMAGH. With an Introduction, By the Rev. J. GARDNER] ROBB, D.D., Toronto. This is confesaedly a most masterly and exhaustive work on the great engrossing subjects now attracting universal attention, and no Protestant who reads it carefully can fail to see the difference between true Christianity and Romish error. The work is published in one thick optavo volume, cloth 1 3_ /i>n/* ^-wa-AOw yuju pMguo;, pnce $o.Dl/ ', ixaU-Duuiid, $4.UU. V : 312 MACLEAR AND CO.'s PUBLICATIONS. A BOOK OF GREAT INTEREST. THE P OD OF THIS World: W, OB. The Devil in History. 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