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S5.
THE
AMERICAN GAZETTEER,
EXHIBITIMO
A FULL ACCOUNT OF THE
CIVIL DIVISIONS, RIVERS, HARBOURS,
INDIAN TRIBES, tsfc.
OF THB
i ■\,
«:' .: i
AMERICAN CONTINENT,
ALSO OF TKB
WEST INDIA
AND OTHER APPENDANT ISLANDS ;
J' ;-,s ■• ;;'i^':.;» yiStt'^
vnru
A PARTICULAR DESCRIPTION OP
LOUISIANA.
j°
1"
Compiled from t' ' H-^ft Authoritiei,
Br JEDIDIAH MORSL, D,D. J.J.S. S.HS
,^ Author of the American Univerfal Geography.
• ILLUSTRATED WITH MAPS.
SECOND EDITION,
REVISED, CORRECTED, AND ENLARGED.
fVBllSHED ACCOXDtlfa TO ACT OF CONGRESS.
CibarUClofon :
Pkintss »t and ton. SAMUEL ETHERIDGE, and roa
THOMAS AND ANDREWS,
BOSTON, — 1804.
60
I. ' ' ' '■■*.'
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(■"■
District of Massachusetts i te nvtt.
■'i£
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x5e it tcmemb^red, That on the twenty fixth day of February, in tht
eighteen hundred and fourth year of our Lord, and in the twen^ eighth year of ths
Independence of the United States of America, JEDIDIAH M^SE, of the faid dif-
tritfl, hath depotited in this Office, the title of a book, the right whereof he claimt as
Author and Proprietor, in the words following, to wit. ^" Thk AMERICAN GAZ-
ETTEER, exhibiting a full account of the Civil Divifit;*:!, Rivers, H^liours, Indian
TribeK, &c. of the /Unerican Continent, alfo of the Wefl^India and other appendant
I/lands; and a particular dcfcription of Louifiana. Compiled froin the bell authori-
ties, by JllDIDIAjH MORSE, D. D. A. A. S. S. H. S. author of the Amkhican Uni-
veasAi. GEotiRArur. lUuflrated with maps. Second edition, revifed, corredled, and
enlarged.
In voufurmity to tlic Atftof the Congrefs of the United State*, entitled, " An A«!t
for the cncourugcnuent of Learning, by fecuring the Copies of Maps, Charts, and
Duoks, to tite Authors and Proprietors of fuch Copies, during the times therein men-
tioned :" and alfo to an A«5t entitled," An A<St fupplcmentery to an A(£t, entitled, Aii
Adl for the encouragement of Learning, by fecuring the Copies of Maps, Charts, and
Books, to tlie Authors and Proprietors of fuch Copies, du/ixtgthe times therein men-
tioned ; andextcntiin^thebeiiellts thereof tu the Arts uf Defigning, Engraving an4
iEtching Hifloricr.1, and o;h(.r i'riuts," ...
N. GOODAI.E, Cleri •ftlt Difuin
of MaJfadiiftiU,
A true Cohy »/ SictrJ- 7 .-i ; i , . .^ ».
A't<f-i N. GoooALi:, Chi
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.PnEFACB.
pilation of the other vohimc of this work. His
afliftance has been engaged, for the double pur^
pofe of leflcning the literary labours of tlic Au-
thor, and of increaling the value of the work,
by the aid of his extenfivc rcfearchcs into fubr
jecSls of this nature, and of his peculiar talent in
condcnfing the fub();ance of large volumes into a
foiail compafs. ,^ : ' i -
A fpecific name for our country has long been a
dcftderatum. The want of it has been felt by orur
citizens, who hav(^ vifited foreign countries, by our
Legiflators, and efpecially by geographical writers.
Much has been faid in private converfation, and
feme things have been written, on the fubjeft.
The epoch of the addition of Louifiana to the
United States, is thought to be a fit time to intro-
duce fuch 2i generic name for our country, Several
names have been fu^gefted* Fredo^^ia, Colum-
bia, and America, hayo each their advocates. The
latter, could Xi be appropriated to the territory unr
der the government of the United States, and dilr
tinguifh its inhabitants from all other Americans,
would undoubtedly be entitled to the preference.
But this is thought \o be impradlicable. Several
reafons have been urged in favor of Columbia,
It would be honorary to the memory of the dif-
coverer of America, apd it is already partially in-
troduced ; but it will not fo happily run through
all the variations, important in a generic name, as
Fredonia. For no other reafon has the latter
the
mmm
u
a PREFACE.
the preference. With a view merely to introduce
the fubjedl before the public, and to invite their
attention to it, an example is given, in the Appcum
dix^ under the head, Fredonia, to fliew the con*
venience and utility of fuch a general nam^ The
Author has not the temerity or the vanity to think
of giving a name to his country. He would not
be confidered as the flrenuous advocate of any one
of thofe above fuggefted. He only wifhes that th^
governmenti whofe right it is, would fix upon
and eflablifh a fpecific name, which fhall hon-
ourably diftinguifh our country and its inhabit*
ants, from the reft of the world,
CHAJtLESTOfTN, (Mm.) MARcp xft, i?04.
■v'./:-f. - . •' ■ '
5\'Ji, Vi, .' ►■
GAZETTEER
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7 sr
PREFACE.
HE firft edition of the American
CJA2ETTBER was publiihed iii the year 1797.
The work was confidered as incomplete without a
(econd volume, which fhould embrace the othet
three quarters of the globe. This was according-
ly compiled and publiihed, under the title of " A
NEW GAZETTEER. OF THE EASTERN CONTINENT,
in 1802. Thefe two volumes profelTedly defcribe,
from the beft authorities, all the places of im-
portance on the habitable earth. ; ,
A. new edition of the firft volume being called
for, the Author now offers it to the public, whofe
patronage he has liberally and gratefully ihared,
and which it has been, and will be, his ambition
to deferve. Neither labour nor expenfe have been
Q)ared to enrich this new edition from the numerous
fources of information, which have been opened
fince the firft was publiihed. Much has been de--
rived from obliging correfpondents, whofe favor*
are thankfully, though the)' cannot be particularly,
acknowledged. More has been colleded from the
very valuable Maps and Publications, which have
appeared fince the laft feven years. Several of the
moll
r
mm
w
PREFACE.
I>f
, -:
J-
mod impoi'tant of thefe are named as authorities
in the body of the Work.
A topographical defcription of Upper Canada,
drawn up by DaviI) W. Smith, Efq. Surveyor Gen-
eral of that Province, and his excellent Maps of Up-
per and Lower Canada, have furnilhed a particular
and correct view of this portion of the Britifli do-
minions. The new and valuable Map of New York,
by B. Simeon de Witt, Efq. Surveyor General of
that State, has alfo been faitlifully confulted. The
cenfus of 1800 has been of important ufe in per-
fedling this edition. r ' sh. 7 •
' Moft of the articles, efpecially in the United
States, have been improved, and feveral thoufand
new ones have been added. To give place to thefe
additions, without dwelling the work to too expen-
five a fize, many articles have been abridged, abbre-
viations have been adopted, and a type of a fmalkr
fize, than in the firfl edition, has been ufccL.w .
The article Louisiana^* has received all the
attention, which its newly acquired importance
to the United States, demands. • ,, ,.,
^ *^ In the revifion of this edition, the Author has
received the afTiflance of his worthy literary friend,
the Rev. Elijah Parish, his partner in the com-
^ ~ ■■■-'" \ pilation
* Some information, omitted by accident under this head, will be
found in the Appetidixt under the article Freponia. »
luthorities
GAZETTEER
;r Canada,
veyor Gen-
/laps of Up-
a particular
Britifli do-
f New York,
•General of
fulted, The
t life in per-
L the United
:ral thoufand
(lace to thefe
to too expen-
dged, abbre-
ofafmalkr
nfed. oi^-<
:eived all the
importance
le Author has
jterary friend,
in the com-
pilation
this head, viU be
OF THE
WESTERN CONTINENT.
ABI , ^
j4aR0N!? BURGH, lies at the head
of Penn'n Creek, Northumberland coun-
ty, Pennfylvania, about 30 miles wefterly
from Lewifburgh, and 40 W by N from
Sunbury. It contains 40 dwellings, a
German Lutheran, and Calvinid church.
Lat. 40 J3 N. Lon. 2 aj W.
Abacco, or Providence, t)ne of the Ba-
hama iiiands, in the Atlantic ocean, fub-
jei5l to Great Britain, N lat. 24. W lon.
77. See Providence.
Abacoochee, or Goofet, a large river rif-
ing in Tcnnefle, paiCng into Georgia,
through the Cherokee into the Creek
country, where it unites with the Oak-
fuikec, and forms the Alibama.
Abbivilli, a didriiSl of S Carolina, con-
taining ii,SSi people, of whom 2964 are
Haves.
Abbeville County, in Ninety-Six diftrid):,
S Carolina, bounded on the N £ by
the Saluda, and on the S W by the Sa-
vannah, ib 35 miles in length and 2i in
breadth; contains 9197 inhabitants, in-
cluding 1665 flave*. The lands of this
county are rich and well watered by fev-
erd dreams which fall into Savannah and
Saluda rivcrj. Abbeville court houfe is
the feat ofjudice in the above county.
It has a magazine, arfenal, and jail.
Abercorn, a fmall tuwa on Savannah
river, in Georgia, about 5 miles from
Ebenezcr, and 18 N W of Savannah.
Abineiui Port, on the N fide of Lake
Erie, is about 13 miles W S W from
Fort Erie.
Abingdon, a town at the head of the
tidewaters of Bufli river, Harford coun-
ty, Maryland; 12 miles S W from Hav-
re de Grace, and 20 N £ from Balti-
ABR
morr. Cokefbury College, inftltated by
the Mcthodifts, in 1785, is in this town.
Abingdon, the chief town of Wafiiing-
ton county, Virginia, has 363 inhabitant*,
and is about 145 miles from Campbell's
ftation, near Holfton ; 260 from Rich-
mond, in Virginia, in a d!rc<a line, and
310 as the road runs, bearing a little to
theS of W, Lat. 3630 N.
Abin^toH, atownfhip in Plymouth coun-
ty, Maflachufetts ; 22 miles foutheatterly
lromBofton,and contains 1623 inhabitants.
Abington, a parifli in the town of Pom-
fret, in Conne<fticut.
Abington, a village in PcnnfylTania, i»
miles N of Philadelphia.
Abiponi, an Indian nation in Paraguay
S America. They are a warlike race,
catching and taming the wild horfes in-
troduced by the Spaniards ; their cavalry
arc formidable. They are fo far from the
rational opinions taught in thcgofpel, th«t
they have no idea of God. Their magi-
cians are their tyrants, who irflruft them
that there is an evil demon ; polygamy
is allowed, and mothers frequentlydeftroy
their infants that they may be more at-
tentive to their hufbands. So wretched
are the people, fo dreadful the fftate of
morals where the gofpcl is unknown.
Abitibbi, a fmall lake in Upper Cana-
da ; on the S fide of which is a ftttle-
ment called Frederick, which lad lies in
N lat. 49, W long. 79 40. Alfo the
name of a river which runs N and jom»
Moole river, nearits mouth at James bay.
Alram'f Creel, falls into Hudfon's riv-
er, niai the city of Hudfon.
Abtjjos, or Baxos ds Bibuca^ a bank,
with i'everal fmall rocks and iiles E of
Turk*.
AC A
Turk's Ifland.inNht. 115, W Ion. 69 4<?.
Between this bank and Turk's ifland is a
deep channel, for (hips of any burden, 3
leagues wide.
Abrolhos, dangerous flioals, about 50
miles from the coad of Brazil, and near
the illand of St. Barbe.
Abfi-ctn Seach, on the coaft of New-
Jerfey, i6 miles S W from Little iJgg
Harbour.
Acadia, the name by which Nova Sco-
tia was called, when it belonged to the
■French. Its limit*, as fettled by the trea-
ty of Utrecht, in 1713. were St. Law-
rence river on the N, J'enobfcot W, and
the gulf of St. Lawrence on the R. This
name was firfl applied to a tra(£b, from
the 40th to the 46th degrees of N lat.
granted to De Mons, Nov. 8, 1603, by
Henry IV. of France.
Acapnia, or Acapuh, 3 town in the
province of Chiapa, New Spain. Ft is
utuated on the I'obafco river, near the
city of Chiapa, and not far from a bay
io the South Sea, called Teguantipac.
Acapuho, a city in New Spain, on a
bay of the Pacific Ocean, %%o miles S £
of Mexico ; the chief port in this fea,
and the principal mart on the whble coaQ.
It3 harbour is fo fpacious that feveral
hondrcd fliips may ride in it with
conYcnience. The mouth, which is de-
fended by a low ifland, about a mile and
a half long, and half a mile broad, hav-
ing a wide and deep channel &t each
end; the wefternmoft channel is the nar-
rowed, but fo deep that there is no an-
choring ; and the Manilla fliips pafs in
that way ; but thofe from Lima enter
through the S W channel. This harbour
runs N about 3 miles ; then growing
very narrow, turns fliort to the W, and a
mile farther it terminates. The town
ftands at the mouth of this pafTagt, on
the N W fide, clofe by the fea, and at
the end of the town is a platform mount-
ed with guns. OppoGte to the town, on
the E fide, is a high and ftrong caftle,
with guns of a large fize. Ships common-
ly ride near the bottom of tht harbour,
tinder the command of the caQIe and
platform. 1 he town, furrounded by very
high mountains, is fo unhealthy, fodefii-
tute of good water, and fo difagreeable,
that except whtn the Manilla galeon is
there, and while the confequent fair con-
tinues, it !■; a'moft dtfcrted by the inhab-
itants. When fhe arrives in this port,
<kc is generally moored on its weftern
fide; and her cargo, confiftingof fpiccs,
ACA
all forts of Chincfc filks and manuf^ic-
tnres, filk ftocHngs, Indian ftufls, calicoes,
chintz, together with other fniall articles,
as goldfniiLhs work, &c. arc dcUvcrtcl
with all expedition ; when the town of
Acapulco.lroni almoft folitudc, is ihrong-
ed with merchants from all parts of Mex-
ico and Peru. The cargo being landed,
the filver and the goods intended for Man-
illa aretakcn onboard, and the fliip pre-
pares to put to fea with the utmoft expe-
dition. The galton takes in here, in'rc-
turn for the goods which tlie brings, at
leaft teft millions of oolKrs, a part of
which pays the Spanilh garrifuns in the
Philippine ifland^. The commerce of
this place with Peru is not, as many wri-
ters have fuppufcd, confined only to tlie
annual fliip from Lima ; for at all other
feafons of the year, except that wheiein
the Acapulco ihip arrives, the trade is
open, and fhips from Peru come hither
frequently to exchange the commodities
of that country for thofe of Mexico.
From the end of November to the end of
May, they have no rain here, and it is fo
hot mjanuary when the fair generally be-
gins, that merchants are obliged to do
their bufinefs chiefly in the morning. When
the fair is over, almoft every body leaves
the place but a few blacks and mulattoes.
The town is governed by a chief juftice,
who has ao,ooo pieces of eight per annum ;
and the curate, though allowed but i8o
pieces of eight, makes his place worth
14,000 by the burial fees of ftrangers
who die here, of on board the fliips in
i the harbour. There is an hofpital main-
tained here, by deductions from the pay
of the foldiers, and the alms of the mer-
chants. Within a league of the E of
Acapulcoj is Port Marquis, a very good
harbour, where the fliips from Peru gen-
erally run in contraband goods. Lat. 17
aa N, Ion. loz ao W.
Acarai, a town in Paraguay, S Amer-
ica, built by the Jcfuits, in 1624, N lat.
as, W Ion. 51 5.
Acofabjjlum, a river in the province of
Vera Paz, in Mexico. It runs into the
GoUo Dulcc, atid has a town fituattd oa
Its banks, of the fame name. Tht fourte
of thii river is pot far from the S. Sea.
yi(:<»/;//yt«/a,a fea port.fituatcd on a point
of land, in the province of Guatimala
Proper, in Mexico, on a bay of the South
Sea, about four leagues from Trinidad.
It rtctivcs the grCateft part of the treaf-
ures from Peru anil Mexico. In its
neighbourhood are tlute voUanoes.
Aioma^
Ace
\,
ADA
. Acama, a town in Nev/ A xico, North,
Amcrca, fituated on a high mountain
with a flrong caflle, and is the capital of
the province. N lat. 35, W Ion. 104 15.
Accomack County, tn Virginia, is fituated
on a peninfuia, bounded N by Maryland,
E by the Ocean, and on the W by Chef-
apcak bay, and contains 11,164 free in-
habitants, and 4,4x9 flavcii. It is jo
miles long, 13 broad.
Acklins Key, lies about JO miles S E
f;om Long liland, or Yutna, one of the
Bahama iilands. It has l.ung Key 12
miles to thcNW. Upon the foiith eaft-
>v:>rd fide is. an entire chain of recks. N
lat. 12 10, Wlon. 73 30.
Achiachica, a town in Mexico. See
jtSgclot.
A'-oiifz, an Indian nation in Canada.
Acqi'acinaci, or Acquatinunk, a town on
the \V fide of Paflaick river, in Effex
county, New Jerfey, 10 milts N of New-
ark, and 17 N VVfrom New York.
. Afion, atownfhip ki Miudlcfex county,
Malfachufetts, containing 901 inhabit-
ants ; 21 miles N W of Bofton.
Actvortb, a townfhip in Chefliire coun-
ty, New Hampfliire, incorporated in
1766, and contains 704 inhabitants;
8 miles E by N from Ch.irltfh)wn, and
73 N W by W from Portfmomh.
Adams, atownOiip in Bs-rkfliire county,
Mafliichufetts, containing 1688 inhabit-
ants, is 142 miles N Wof Bofton. In the
northern part of this town, is a great nat-
ural curiofity. A pretty mill ftream,
cilled Hudfon's Brook, which riles in
Vermont, and falls into the north branch
of Hoofuck river, has, for 30 or 40 rods,
formed a very deep channel, in fonie
places 60 fpct deep, through a quarry of
white marble. Over this chanucl, where
dccpeft, fonic of tite rocks remain, and
form a natural bridge. From the top of
this bridge to the water, is (m feet ; its
length is about 12 or 15, and its breadth
about 10. Partly under this bridge, and
about 10 or 13 feet below it, is anwther,
which is wider, but not fo long ; for.at the
caft end they form one body of rock, I2
or 14 feet thick, and under this the water
flows. The rocks here are moftjy white,
and in other places clouded, like thccoarfe
marble common at lianeiborough, and
m other towns in Berkfliire county.
W(/jwj,aCountyof Pcnnfylvaniabound-
ed N by Cumberland and Sby Maryland,
containing 314,880 acres. Chief town
Oettyfburg. The county is divided into 16
«uwniljips,andcontainsi3ii7iinhabitants.
A G A
AJams, « county of this Stale of OMo,
containing 3432 inhabitants.
Adamt, a county of tht Miffiflppi ter-
ritory, containing 4660 inhabitants, of
whom 225 7 arc Haves.
Adamstoivn, a town iti Laittfaftcf coun-
ty", Pcnnfylvania, containing about 40
houfes ; 20 miles N £ of Lancader.
Adoyii. See Mexicano River.
Addifnn County, in Vermont, is on the
eaft fide of Lake Champlain, and is divid-
ed nearly into equal parts by Otter Creek ;
has Chittenden county on tHe N, and Rut-
land county on the S, and contains 13,4 1 7
inhabitants, difptrfcd id 21 tewnlbips.
It is about 30 mihsby 27 : a range of the
green mountains paffcs through it. Chief
towuMiddlebury, granted Nov. X761.
Addifu'i, a town of the above county,
734 inhabitants. It lief on Lake Cham-
plain, and ib fcparated ft-om Newhaven-,
on the E by Otter creek. Snake Moun-
tain, on the S E lie partly in this town-
fliip, granted 1761.
Addifon, a town in Wafliington t'oun-
ty, Maine, lying on the fej, with Indian
river for its Eaft and Pleafant river bay-
its W lx)und;iry, 10 miles S W of Machias.
Adequatannie Creek, in New York ftatC,
is the eaftern head water of Sul'quehannah
river.
AJiiihilty B.JY, and Port Mnlgrave, on
the N W coaft of America, lie in N lat.
J9 3I' W Ion. r4o 18.
Adfons Toivn, lies near the N Eline of
Nc w Jerfey, andSE ofthc Drowned Lands;
27 miles N of Morrittown, and 24 N W
of Patterfon.
Ajfiitrii, one of theiflands of Juan Fcr-
riandes, on the South Sea coaft, in the
kingdom of Chiti. Lon. from the me-
ridian of Callao, 30 20, about 400 leagues
to the N of Cape Horn. This coaft
fwarms with fca lions and wolves.
Agameiiticus, a mountain of confiderable
elevation in the diftritl of Maine, diftant
about 6 miles from Bald Head, and 8
from York harbour. Lat. 43 16 N, and
70 39 W Ion. from Greenwich. It is a
noted landmark for fcamen, and is a
good diretSlory for the entry of Pafcata-
qua harbour, as it lies very nearly in the
fanie meridian with it, and with Pigeon
Hill, on Cape Ann. I'he mountain is
covered with wood and fhrubs, and af-
fords pafture up to its fummit, where
there is an enchanting profpeA. The
cultivated parts of the country, efpecial-
Jyon the S and SAV appear as a bcauti-
fuj garden, interfc(2ed by the majeftic
river
AL A
ALA
tivtr Pafcataqua, its bajrs and branches.
The imtnenfe ranges of mountains on tht
N and N W afibrd a fublimc fpc«£Vacte ;
and on the fea Gde, the various indent-
ings of the coaft.from Cape Ann to Capr
Elizabeth, are plainly in view in a cle ii
day ; and the Atlantic Arctches to the £
as far as the power of vifion ex'.ends
At this fpot the bearings of the ruilowing
objects were taken, with a good furvey-
ing inftrument, 0(Stober ii, 1780.
^ummitof the WhitcMountains,N 15 W.
Cape Porpoife, N 63 E.
Rochcftcr Hill, N 64 W.
Tuckaway South Peak, S 80 W.
Froft*, Hill, Kittcry, S 57 W.
Saddle of Bonabeag, N 14 W.
Ifle of Shoals Meeting Houfe, S 6 E.
Varncy's Hill, in Dover, diftant loj
miles by menfuration, N 89 \V.
Variation of the needle, 6 W.
jtgameniicut, a river in the centre of
York county, diftrii9: of Maine. It is in-
debted to the ocean for its waters, through
Pafcataqua bay ; having no coniiderable
aid fronx tlreams of frcfli water. Its
mouth is about 4 miles fouthcrly from
Cape Neddie river. Small veiTcIs can
enter here.
AgamuntU, or jimaguntic PonJ, in the
difVricl of Maine, fends its waters north-
ward to the Chaudiere, through the weft
branch of that river.
Agomifo,zn ifland in James Bay, near its
weftern coall, N NE from Albany Fort.
Aguga Cape, on the coaft of Peru, S
America, lies fouthward of Puira , in the
6th dcg. of S lat. and in the Sad of W Ion.
Aianfas, fee Arhanfas.
Alabaha, a confiderable river in E
Floridx Alfo laid to be the name of a
branch of St. Mary's river. See Appen.
Alabama, an Indian village, delightfully
fituated on the banks of the MiiTifippi,
on feveral fwelling green hills, gradually
afcending from the verge of the river.
Thefe Indians are the remains of the an-
cient Alabama nation, who inhabited the
eaft arm of the Gnat Mobile river, which
ftill bears their name, now poflelTed by
the Creeks, or Mufcogulges, who conquer-
ed the former.
Alabama River, a large navigable river
of Georgia, is formed by the jundlion of
the Confa or Confec, or High Town river,
and Tallapoofce river, at Little Tallafee,
and runs in a S W direiSlion, until it
meets Tombigbee river from the N W at
the great ifland which it there forms, 90
Biilcs from the mautb of Mobile bay, in
the fulf of Mexico. This beautiful river
hasatgcntle current, pure waters, and
; xcc-ll nt fifli. It runs about a miles an
iinur, is 70 or 80 rods wide at. its head,
and from 15 to 18 feet deep, in the dritrt
feafon. The banks art about .i;c kct
high, and fcldom, if ever, overfl'.wtd.
Travellers have gone down in large boats,
in the month of May, in 9 days from
Little Tallafee to Mobile b;iy, which is
about 350 miles by water. Its banks
abound with valuable produO'iions in the
vegetable and mineral kingdoms.
Alabajler or EUiitheia, one of the Baha-
ma or Lucayo iflands, on which is a fmall
fort and garrifon. It is on the Great Ba-
hama Bank. The foil of this ifland,
and Harbour iHand, which lies at the
north end of it, is bttter than Providence
ifland, and pmdiices the gieattft part of
the pine apples that are exported ; the
climate is very healthy. N lat. 35 to a6,
W Ion. 75 to 76 J.
ALuhua Savannah, \*. a level green plain,
in the country c.f the Indians of that
name, in E Florida, fitualcd about 75
miles weft from St. Auguftine. It is above
15 miles over, and 50 in circumference;
and fcarcely a tree or bufli of any kind
to be fcen on it. It is encircled with high
floping hills, covered with waving forefls,
and fragrant orange groves, rifing from
an e:;uberantly fertile foil. The ancient
Alncbua town ftood on the borders of this
favannah ; but the Indians removed to
Cufcvivilla, 2 miles diftant, on account of
the unhealthinefs of the former feite, oc-
caiioned by the ftcnch of the putrid fifli
and reptiles, in the fummer and autumn,
driven on fliore by the aligators, and the
noxious exhalations from the marHies
of the favannah. Though the horned
cattle and horfes bred in thefe meadows
are large, fleck, fprightly, and fat, yet
they are fubje<flto mortal difeafcs ; fuch
as the water lot, or fcald, occafioncd by
the warm water of the favannah ; while
thofe which r.inge in the high forefts arc
clear of this diforder.
Alacranes, Los, a long range of fhoals,
banks, and rocks, on the ibuth fide of
the gulph of Mexico, oppofite the pen-
infula of Yucatan, eaft from Stone Bank,
and weft from Cape St. Antonio ; within
the a3d deg. of N l.-it. and bttween the
89th and 91ft degrees of W ion.
Alajta, a long peninfula on the N W
coaft of America, formed by Brifto! bay
and the ocean on theNWand N,andbythe
oceau and the waters of Cook's river on
ihc
I
ALB
{hoals,
fide of
the pen-
ne Bank,
within
iveen the
tlic S and S E. At its csireniity are a
Ijumbcr of iHiincIs, the chief of which, in
their order wcllward, arc, Ooncmnk,
OonalaniH,an(I Ocumnak,\vhivlifi)rin pait
of the cliain <ir cliifter of ill-^nds, culled the
Northern Archipcliijjo. Capt. Cook, on
Iiis return in 1779, jiafTtd llirough tlic
channel tafl of Ooueinak illtnd. Sec N
W Coajl of America.
ALUamaitt, a navigable river of fitor-
gia. It rifes in the Cherokee mountains,
near the head of awcfteni hrancli of
Savannah river, called Tiigulo. in its
dcfccnt through the mountains it receives
feveral auxiliary flre:^nis; theiict it winds,
with coniideralile rapidity, thr<«inh tlic
hilly country 250 miles, whence it enters
into tlieopen, flat country, by the name
of Oaknii:!^ec. Thence after nuandcriii;;
for 150 miles, it is joined by the Oivnec,
wliich liltewift has its fource in the moun-
tains. After this jundlion, it aflumcs the
name of Alatamaha, wheu it becomes a
large majeftic river ; and flowing with
a gentle current through foreffs and plains
100 miles, difcharges itfelf into the At-
lantic by feveral mouths. The north
channel glides by the heights of Darieu,
about 10 miles above the bar, and after
feveral turnings, enters the ocean be-
tween Sapcio and Wolf ifl-inds. The
fouth channel, which is efteemcd the
largeft and deepeft, after its fcparation
from the north, defcends gently, taking
its courfe between M'hUofli and Brough-
ton iflands ; and at laft by the wti't coaft
of St. Simon's found between the fouth
end of the ifland of that name, and the
north end of JckyI ifland. At its conflu-
ence with the Atlantic, it is 500 yards
wide.
AlBant, St. a townfliip in Franklin
county, Vermont, on Lake Champlain,
oppe^fite N H«ro ifland, 941 inhabitants.
Albany County, on Hudfon's river, in
the ftate of New York, lies between Ul-
fter and Saratoga ; its extent 46 miles by
a8. The inhabitants arc 34,043, of whom
1808 are in flavcry.
Albany, the cliief town of the above
county, is fituated on the weft hank of
Hudfon's river, 160 miles nonh of the
citjof New York, to which it is next in
rank, and 340 S of Quebec. N lat. 4Z
39, W Ion. 73 30. This city and fuhurlis,
by enumeration in 1797, contained 1263
buildings, of which 863 were dwclling-
houfes, and 6g2i inhabitants Many of
them are in the Gothic flylc, with tlie
sable end to the Rrect, which cuUvmt).e
AL B
f^rft ftttlcrs brought frnm HoHjiml ; t^e
n( w houfcs ait Imilt in the mocein ft)lc.
Iti inh;'.l)itant3 rirceoliirttd from v;itv«
parts of the world, and !|)c;;k a gnat va-
riety of language, but ihe En^'iOi pi*?-
don-.iuatcs . and the ul'c o! every otliirii
craduhllv liilTti.inii. Albany isuniiv;iHed
for fitu.ition, being neaily at the head of
<lo<)pji:ivi!;arioii, onontol ihtnoblill liv-
ers inthe^torld. Ii enjuysa jaiiibrii'ii'. a«f,
and is till, natural emporium of the iu-
creafintj M.,dc of a large extent of touo-
try W avid N; a country ol an cxeJkr.t
foil, abo«n<ling in every article ivv ihe
W Jndi* in irket ; plenliltilly waurrd,
with niviguMc lakM, creeks and river-,
fettling with almull ainexaniplvd n;]:idity,
and capable of afi'o! oil;,'; I'libtiiitnce loiniU
lions of inliabitanls : anil when tlie con-
templated locks ami canal? arc conpleteij,
and eonvrnitnt roads opened into every
part of the ciumlry, wliicli arc in rreat
part aecomplinitd, Albany will probably
increafc in a more rapid degree, 'fhe
public buildings aic,a Low Dutcli church,
of ancient and very curious conflriufliijsi,
now difufid, and a mere mmuinient of
ancient architeclu."e, a new and elegant
Dutch churcli, of brick, one for Epifco-
palians, two for Picfbytcrians, one for
Germans, or High Dutch, one for iVitih-
odifts, and one for Roman Catl'.oiics ; an
hofpital. oitv hall, and a liandfomc liriek.
gaol. The corporation coiififls of a
mayor, recorder, fix aldermen, and an
many afliflants. The improvements in
this city, within a few yc.irs paft, have
been very great in ainioft all rcfpc<n:9.
Wharves have been built on the river,
the flretts have been paved, a bank in-
flituted, a new and handfome ftyle of
building introduced, and excellent wa-
ter is condii(SVcd into the various parts of
the city, from a fine fpring j miles weft
of the city. For thefc improvements the
inhabitants are indtl'ited tf) tlio patriotic
exertions of a very few gentlemen. One
mile north of this city, in its fuliurl-.s,
near the manor houfeof thelate lieutenant
governor Van Renflalaer, are very in^icn-
ioufly connruiSed, extenfive and uCefnl
works, for the manufa<3:ure of Scotch and
rappee fiudf, roll and cut tobatco of dif-
ferent kinds, chocolate, muflard, ftareh,
hairpowdcr, fplit peafe, and bulled bar-
ley. Tlicfe valuable wojks are the prop-
erty of Mr. James Caiduell, who un-
fortunately loft a complete fit of fimilar
works, by lire, in July, 1794, '.vith tLc
ftock, vilucd at 37v500 dollars. It iii a
ALB
ALF
^'rciinifi^nce worthy of rcmnik, and U
evincive of the induftry ami cnfcrprile
of the proprietor, that tlic v liolc of the
prcfciit l)i'.ll(liii£i an»3 niathiiiny were be-
jiin Mild toniplttcd in the fiioit fpacc of
ilivcn nioiitlis, I'hcfc work'* Art dtcid-
fiUy fiiptriortoiuiy of tlickind in Amcr-
iia. All the aiticlcs above cnijfturattd,
< vi.n to the fpinfting of ti.liiiicoj are man-
» lat'iurtd by tlic aid of vattr iTiuchiiicry.
lorthc iuvtntioii of this niachiiicry tlie
]iroi'<rictoi 'las obtained a pati nt. 'I'hcfc
voritsgive cnipKiymcnt and ful)ti(lence to
ijo poor boys, and a number of woikimn.
Ivleii ^vho mai<e fuch cfl'orts to advnncc
iVmericln nianufaiTniris, dtferve veil of
tlicir country. In the- year 1609 Henry
Hudion, whoK' name the ri\cr bears, al-
cenil' d it in his boat to yiutj/iia, the fpot
on vhidi Albany now (lands. I.'he fet-
lieiTiLiit of this, city connnenced about the
year 1612 and nv.xt to Jaineftown in
Virginia, is the oUkft in the United States.
It was called I^ef:>-.vyci u\\ 1623, then
J-'ort Crangf till 16^7', then WilUaKifadt
till 1664, when it received the name of
Albany. All tliis lime it had the nick-
name of \\\t. h'uyck , and did not loofc the
riiiine of Fait Orargf, efpccially with for-
r.igners. Tort Orange, was built in 162J.
lata MS. Let.
-r^/J^r/y), aEritiih fortrefs in New Soutii
"iVale*, in N America, iituated on tlie
liver of the fame name. N lat. J2 14, 40
W Jon. 815938.
Albany Kivtr, falls into Jame's bay, in
N .\mcrJca, in N Iat.5 1 3°. ^^' 'ong. 84 30.
'j'his river runs in a N E direction, and
lias communication with a vaft chain of
fmall lakes, in a line £ W to the S end of
Winnipeg lake, a body of water next in
fize to Lake Superior.
Albemarle County, in Virginia, b'es be-
tween the blue ridge and the tide waters,
iihd contains 9003 free inhabitants, and
7436 (laves. Its extent about 35 miles
fquare. Rich mines of iron ore have been
difcovered in this county.
Albemarle Sound, on tlie coaft of North
Carolina, is a kind of inland fea, 60 miles
in length, and from 8 to la in breadth.
It lies north of Pamplico Sound, and
communicates with it; as it like wife does
with Clirrituck Inlet. It receives Roan-
oke and Meherrin rivers ; and the paf-
fage into it from the fea is called Roan-
oke Inlet.
Albion, Neiv, the name given by Sir
Francis Drake to California, and part of
the N VV coaft of AmcrUa, wlicn he took
poninioa of it. A large tradi of the N
W coaft is thus called. Capt. Cook land-
ed on a prtrt of this coali on tl>c 71I1 of
March, 1778, in N lat. 74 33, E long.
235 10, which he thus dcfcri'ucs : " '1 he
bind is full of mountains, the tops of
which ate covered wiih Inow ; while the
vailics Iclvecn them, "and the grounds
on the fea ecaft, hi^h M well a. low, arc
covered v.itli trees, which form a beauti-
ful pri.fpta:, as one v^fl fo'^eft. At firfl
the nativer. fcemed to prefer iron to every
tithcr article of cunimerce ; at laft they
preferred biaf*!. '1 hey were more lena-
cioun of their property than any of the
ravage nations ilvat had hitherto been
met villi ; fo tliat they would not part
witii wood, water, grafs, nor the mofl
trifling article without a compeiifation,
and were fometimcs very unrcalonable
in their dcttiands."
AUiiipi^un, a liiiaU lake northward of
Lake Superior.
AltxanJria, i townfliip in Grafton CO.
N Hampfliire, contiining 303 inhabit-
ants ; incorporated in 1782. ,
A'exjitMa, a tOwnfliip in Hunterdon
CO. N Jerfey,containingr503 inhabitant?.
Ahxandiiii, a fmall town in Huntingdon
CO. Pennfylvania, on the Frankflown
branch of Juniatta river ; 19a miles N
W of Philadelphia.
A'exnndr'h-i, formerly called Belha-vtn, a
city in Virginia, fituated on the fonthern
bank of the Patowmac river, in Fairfax
CO. about j miles S W from the Federal
city, 60 S W from Baltimore, 60 N from
Frederickfburgh, 168 N of Williamlburgh,
and 290 from the fea ; 38 45 N lat. and
77 10 \V long. Its fituation is elevated
and pTeafant. 1'hc foil is clayey. The
original fettlers, anticipating its future
growth and importance, laid out the
ftreets on the plan of Philadelphia. It
contains about 500 houfcs, many of
which are bandfomely built, and 4196
free inhabitants, and 875 flaves. This
city, upon opening the navigation of
Patowmae river, and in eonfequencc of
its vicinity to the feat of the federal gov-
ernment, bids fair to be one of the moft
thriving commercial places on the con-
tinent.
Alford, a townfliip in Bcrkfliire county,
Maflachufctts, containing 518 inhabit-
ants ; between Great Barrington and
W Stockbrldge.
Alfordjiotvn, a finall town in Moor coun-
ty, North Carolina.
Alfred, a town in York co, Maiae, ly-
ing
i*^'
ALL
ALL
ixig between Sanford, Sluiplcigli, Coxhall
i»nd Watcrborough. A braiicb of Moii-
foni rivxr pHllls throush it into Wilis.
]a the (late poiice tiiis tovvnlhi\> is
c.tllcd a diflrii.^, anJ is by law joined
V icb auf'urd in tlic riectiun ut' a tcprc-
Ijiitativi; to the (late Itgillaturc.
A'^o/njiiifit, :in Indiuu nalioii in Uppti
Canada, on tlie nyrth jlJc ol Lake Huron.
A-'ii.ig, a tovvnlhip in Franklin cuuniy,
ycrniont, cgntainin^ 710 i iliabitiints.
It liti in tbc N W corner of tlic fl.Ue on
tlie Canada line, at ihc luirih end ui L;»kt.
Cbamplain.
AiLinfiis, See AiLunfji Rive:
A'l'^/jdiiy M(iuiit<iiiis, between I he At-
lantic ocean, the MiiPiiippi river, and
tlie lakes, are a long and broad ran^e ol
muuntains, inadi up of a great numl>LT ol
ridges, extending northeattcrly and fouth-
weflerly, nearly parallel to the lea coaft,
about 900 miles in len^^tb, and from 60 to
l,;o and aoo miles in breadth. Mr. Evans
obferves, with refptift to that pait of tliefe
mountains which he travell^'d over, viz. in
theback partsof Pcnnlylvania.thitfcircc-
ly one acre tin ten is capable of culture.
This, however, is far from being the cafe
in all parts of this ran^^c. Numerous
traffls of fine arable aiid gracing land
intervene bctweeij the rid;^es. The
different ridges wiiich cooipol'e this im-
menfe range of mountains, have dilFerent
Jiamesin the dilFcrcnt ftatcs, viz the Blue
Ridre, the North Moiiiitiiln,or North R'nhe^
or DevH'i B.icUoiie, Laurel Rulre, 'Jackfun!
j^louala!ns,:indKitt.iti,ifiy Alountaiiu; which
lee under thcfe names. All thefc ridjes,
except the Al/e^hany, are broken through
by rivers, which appear to have forced
their way through folid rocks. This prin-
cipal ridge is more immediitely called
Alleghany, aqd is dcfcriptlvely named
the Bticiipne of the United States. From
thefe fevcral ridges proceed innumerable
branches, or fpurs. The general name of
the whole range, t.iken colleillivcly.ftems
not yet to have been deterinined. Mr.
Evans calls them the Endkfs Mountdins ,•
others have called them the A'>palachiin
Moitiitdlns, from a tribe of Indians who
live on a river which proceeds from this
mountain, called the Appalaehicola ;
but the moft common name is the
A'eghjiiy Mountains, fo called probably,
fron> the principal ridge of the range.
'J'hefe mountains are not confufedly
fcattcrtd, rifing here and there into
high peaks, jvertopping each otlicr ; but
f up along in uniform rJdgc5, fcjarccly half
a mile liii;Ii. Tliey fprcad as yoit proc<f(!
I'outli, and fomc of them terminate iii
high perptudlciilar blulH* : otiiers gradu"
ally lubiiJe into a level country, givinj
rife to llie rivers which run J'outJieily in-'
to the Gull wt Mexico.
A-"i'^/jj/iy R,-.Kr, in Pennrylvania, rife*
i>n the wcrterii liJc of t!\e Alleghany
Mountain, and al'tir runuin'^ about ta
luiUj in a S W dirtc^icn, meets the Mo-
>U)iigWii.lH at Pittiuurg, and both united,
foriu the Ohio. The la;uls on each Cde
of tiiis liver, fur 150 n)il<-» abovt Pittl-
burj, conliik of white o;<k and ehtfnut
lidges, and, in many places, of poor
pitch pine?, intcrf[-.vrled with tra^'ts «'f
good land, ai'.d low lucndows. 'I his rir-
tr, and the Oi;io likewifr, frcin itt head
waters until it ente;.s the iVliiniippi, are
known and called by the n.ime of Alltgf.a-
ny River, by the Seneca, and other trib(»
of the Six Nations, wi\i> ome inhabited it.
AHe-h'iny Coi.n'y, in I'cnnfylvania, for-
merly extendi d liom the juuiTion of th«
river gf that name with the Ohio, where
its chief town, Pittfburi;, is fuuatid, to
the New York line. It has lately been
divided. It contains 15,^^7 inhabitants,
including 79 flaves.
Alleghany, \% the mod weflvTH county in
Miryland, and hns IVnnl) Ivania on the
north, 'I'hc windings of the Pitowmae
River feparate it from Virginia on the
Ibuth, and Sidelinghill Creek divides it
from Wall'lriiton comity on the eaft. Ic
contains 6,',o.5 inhabitants, including 499
llavcs. Cuuiberland is its chief town.
The principal rivers which pafs ihrotigK
this county, Vjclide the Patowmac arc
Youghegauy and Savage livers. Wills and
Town creek. In fomc parts arc found
large quantities of iron ore, limeflone,and
ftone coal. The mofl common produce
of the county is wheat, rye, barley, corn,
oats, buckwheat, hemp, flax, potatoes and
tob.icco.
AHematngel, a frnjiU Moravian fe'ttJe-
ment on Swetara River in Pennfylvania.
AUemanJ, a river which falls into the
MiiTifippi from the S K about 43 miles S
of the Natches.
Allenjloivn, a town in New Jcrfcy, \\\
Monmouth county, 15 miles N E from
Burlington, and 13 S by E from Prince-
ton.
Allerjl.iivn, a townfliip in Rockingham
count). New Hampfliire, containing 315
inhabitants ; iituated on the E fide of
Merrimack river, 2.? miles N W of Exe-
ter, aud 40 from Pgrtfmoutlt.
AMA
AMA
Alltn Tcwn, in Pennfylvam;!, North-
ksmpttin c«). on the point of land furmLi'
by Jutdan's crtck.and the Little Lchie^h
It cuutaiu» about 90 buufci, iiud un <ii. ad-
cmy.
Jfhtcity Creti, in Salem co. N Jerffv
cHiptics into tht Delaware. It isiiavijja
^1l- 30 or ^c mile», but very crooked, aiiu
icKitiipttd by t'cvL-ral draw bridges.
AH Sahitt, illnnd* near Guudaluupe
ifl;ind, in the Wcfl Indies,
All S,ii/itj,A jiaridi in Georgetown dif-
trirt, S Carolina. It lends a number to
each Ikoufcol'thc ftatclcgillalnre.
All SjintJ Bay, a ciptainlllip in tlic
middle divifiun ut' Brazil, i'o railed from
a Ur';t: bay of that n.iine, bounded N by
the G.ia Real ; on the U by that ot Lut>
Illieos ; on the F. by the oocaii ; and on
tju: W by three unconquertd nations of
Indian;!. It is reckoned one of the richeft
and nuid fertile captainfliiiiH in all Bray.il,
producing ^rcat quantities of cotton and
fugar. The briy itl'elf is about 2\ leagues
over^intcrfperred with a number of fniall,
but pleafant illands, and is of prodigious
advantage to the whole country. It has
fevcral citie» and towns, particuarly St
Salvador, which is its capital. All .Saints
Say liei) in lat. 11 3 S, Ion. 40 10 W. Sec
Salvador.
Almttria, See Villa Una.
Almiya,a town in Mexico. Sec An^elot,
Alivptiry, commonly called Aita-Jbury, is
aflouridiing town in KfTex comity, Maf-
fachufetts, on the north weftern bank of
Merrimack river, about 5 miles N W
of Ncwburyport, containing 1 15 7 inhab-
itants. Powaws river divides the town-
ihip from Salifbury, over which a hand-
iinme bridge has lately been crcdled. A
pumber of inills.and a nail manufa(flory
{land on the lower falls. See Poiuanvs rivet:
A'fead, a townfliip in Chefln're co. N
Hanipfliirc, containing 1606 inhabitants,
8 miles S from Charlcftown.
Alton, a townfliip in StrafTord co. N
Hamp{hire, N E from Barnftcad, and
has 721 inhabitants.
Alvarailo, a river in New Spain, which
rifcs in the mountains of the Zapotecas,
and, after making a circuit through the
province of Mazaltaii, and receiving fev-
tral fmaller rivers and flrtams, empties
into the Gulf of Mexico, at 30 miles dif-
tance from Vera Cruz.
Amanibo, a town on the coafi of Gui-
ana, between Paramaribo and Cayenne.
A'napcilla, a fc.iport town in the prov-
ince of Cuutl}nala, in North America on
a gulf of the fame name, aao milei S S
ot the town of Guatimala, N lat. 11 30*
W Ion. 86 40.
Amarifui/^giit River. See Andrefte^gin.
Am.uiqiies, afeaport town at tht mouth
of Guanaco» river, which empties into
he Amatique gulf, or gulf of Honduras,
in the province of Vera Pas, Mexico.
The inhabitants are chiclly logwood cut-
ters, and on the S of the gulf is a traA of
land called A.i.itijut taiid. Lat. 15 13 N.
Lon. 89 W.
Aimixonia, a large country in S Ameri-
ca, 1400 miles in length, and 900 io
bieadtb ; fituated between the equator
and 20 S lat. and bounded N by Terra
I'irma and Guiana ; E by Brazil ; S by
Paraguay, and W by Peru ; but has nev-
er yet been thoroughly explored. The
river .Amazon, called alfo Maragnon, the
birgcft in the known world, gives name to
this country. A great number of rivcr»
which rnfli down with amazing impetu-
ofity from the taUern declivity of the An-
des, unite in a fpacious plain, and form
this iminenfe river. In its progrefs it
runs 3300 miles from W to E aciofi
South America. Some of the rivers
which fall into it are very broad and
deep. The chief of thtfe, from the S
and S W proceeding from the mouth
wcftward, arc Araguaya, Paratinaa, Ma-
deira, Purus, Yulay, Yulacina, and Uc-
ayai, rivers From the Nand N W pro-
greffing from its mouth, are Parma, Ne-
gro, Vupura, Ifla, and Napo, which laft
rlfes near the town of Archidona, about
150 miles cadward of Quito. The Ama-
zon is interfperfed with a great number
of iflands, which are too often overflow-
ed to admit of culture. It falls iuto the
Atlantic ocean under the equator, and is
there 150 miles broad. It received its
prefent name from Francis d'Orillana,
who faid he faw armed women on its
banks. He was deputed, in 15 16, to
penetrate into the courfes of this river,
which he did with an armed fliip, and
fought feveral nations of Indians, till h<;
came to that place where he faw the
armed women, who, with bows and ar-
rows, oppofcd his palVage. The air is.
cooler in this country than could be ex-
pc<fVcd, conlidering it is fituated in the
middle of the torrid zone. This is part-
ly owing io the heavy rains which occa-
llon the rivers to overflow their banks
one half of the year, and partly to the
cloudincfs of the weather, which obfcures
the fun a gr?at par( of the time it is above
' P. the
'^^Sk^P
«
I
-^
,^f:
4
I
?•
^A
i
V'
rhSSk.
Inf(nvrd for MursrH .Wit
<ravrd for Mur«<"i .\mcriran C«R«itl«c-r
r>unw '</
it»T
I A* ^^1 •'■^■■» III
S!3**>^ ^t!i!r» . 3i'j*^ J A T L A 1 N T I c
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fftwn
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kion
»**r / * ' r /^*fiti / \ I tit /Is
' X*' ^>>/ SI ft /idtt'<"^tiS S
r I > 1 d*l I tjJ H T«Pa.yo«
K A
^«>f« ••n*«»M
>KIM
I J Ml I- ••^"
WIltKlt
.J'.^^u^^V*>^
N
Salvador
JJocf
Wirilu i'anlc
;f(^.r^V-i-
iitiact
'^'^'■m^'^^^^S^ikir-^^ . J> o/ u T H /k r x
la^rof/i
,f ax4nUluryI
i.irc^iOta'
Chiloe
doBay
fSltiico
SlraitAf or^J^lao'cllani
met
I ^S^'"'9''*- J
v."
■Jianr2
:.K
V
V.a3tJ,»f\
••#•»■
tati. iii iiniir t i,ji i "i-^'ij 'it > i »M»T»nB
IH
are a crow
of tiger's
round the ■
Amher Bi
in the bay
/ion bay, \vh
Ambergrc
hay, on the
Yucatan, ir
runs along
niiies long,
I Jion buy.
Amhoy.
Ambrofc, ,
\ ocean, on th
due W from
it appears li
I a nearer app
j incd bva
and 80 ■ ^^
I There is a
j northward o
j appearance, i
I was here in 1
Jinacccffjble.
I crew killed a
Ithebert qualii
|Vou I.
m^^
AMB
'.j#i;.'
the honaton.i. During the rainy feafon,
the country is fubjcA to dreadful dorms
of thunder and lightning. The foil is
extremely fertile, producing a great vari-
ety of the tropical fruits ; likcwife a varie-
ty of timber, an cedar, redwood, oak,
epony, logwood, and many other Ibrts
of dying wood ; together with tobacco,
fugar canes, cotton, potatoes, balfam, hon-
ey; &c. The woods abound with tigers,
: wild boars, buffaloes, deer, and game
; of )Vauriou8 kinds. The rivers and lakes
altpund with filli. Here are alfo' fea
caifii and turtles ; but the alligators and
> water fcrpents render fifliing a danger-
■■ ous employment. ' The natives of this
, country are of a good ftature, have hand-
fotne features, long black hair, and are
of a copper colour. They are faid to
have a tafle for the imitative arts.efpecial-
ly painting and fculpture, and turn out
good mechanics. They fpin and weave
cotton cloth. Their houfesarc- built with
wood and clay, and thatched with reeds.
Their arms in general, are darts and
javelins, bows and arrows, with targets of
cane or fifli {kins. The fevcml nations
are governed by chiefs or caciques ; it
being obfarvable that the monarchical
form of government has prevailed almoft
tmiverfally,both among ancient and mod-
em nations, in a rude ftate of fociety.
The regalia which didinguiHi the chiefs,
are a crown of parrot's feathers, a chain
of tiger's teeth or claws, which hang
round the waifV, and a wooden fword.
AmSer Bay,oa the pcninfulaof Yucatan,
in the bay of Honduras, lies N of Afcen-
J:ott bay, which fee.
Ainbergrecfe Kty.,va.\^'iXidL in Hanover
bay, on the ea(l llde of the pcniiifula of
Yucatan, in the bay of Honduras. It
runs along the mouth of the bay, is 70
miles long, but very narrow. See Afcen-
i Jion buy,
Amboy. See Perth Ambuy.
Amuroft\ St. an ifland in the S. Pacific
ocean, on the coafl of Chili, 4 or j leagues
due W from St. Felix ifland. At lirfl; vitw,
it appears like twoi'mull iflands, but after
a nearer approach, it is found they are
Ij ined by*a reef. It lies in 26 13 S tat.
mA 80 ' 5S VV long, from Greenwich.
. There is a large rock 4 miles to the
northward of the ifland, c;'lltd. from its
appearance,Sj;7 Rod. Capt. Roberts, who
was here in 1792, found St. Feiix illand
inacceffible. On St. Ambrofj iflaud, his
Icrew killed and cured 13,000 feal fkinsot
Ithebell qualitv,:u feven weeks Theiflanil
|V0L. I. ' B
AME
has little clfe to rcrommend it. Fiili and
crawfifli abound. The bed feafon for feal"
ing is from the ift of April to the id of
Auguft. The ifland has the appearance of
having had volcanic eruptions.
AiHcUa, a county in Virginia, fltuated
between the blue ridge and the tide waters,
having Cumberland county N, Frince
George county £,and Lunengburg coun-
ty S and W. Amelia contains 1848 free
inhabitants, and 6 j8j flavcs. An acade-
my has lately been eftablilhed and incor-
porated here by the name of Jefierfoa
academy.
Amelia JJIe, on the coad of £ Florida,
lies about 7 leagues N of St. Augudine,
and very near Talbot ifland on the S, at
the mouth of St. John's riven It is 13
miles long and 2 broad, is very fertile,
and has an excellent haibour. Its N end
lies oppodte Cumberland ifland, between
which and Amelia iflc is the entry into
St. Mary's river, in N lat. 30 53, W Ion.
67 23. '
Amelim, Ecor a, is a fouth eadcrn liead
branch of Wabafli river, whofe mouth is
9 miles N E from the mouth of Salamauie
river, and 45 miles S W from the Miami
village and fort.
Amoenia, a thriving towndiip in Dutch-
efs county, New York, 6 railei didant
from Sharon, in Connedticut. It contains
3078 inhabitants, of whom 383 are elect-
ors.
Amerka, is one of the four quarters of
the world, probably the largeft of the
whole, and is from its late dilcuvery, fre-
quently denominated the New IVorlJ,
or New Ilcmifjifiere. This vad country,
extends from the j:6th degree of S lat. to
the north pole, and from the 3Jth to the
i6jth degree of W long, from Greenwich.
It is nearly lo.oco milts 11 length. Its
average breadth may be Jibout 1800 or
2000 miles, It has two lunimers, and a
double winter, and enjoys aimoft all the
variety of climates whicli the earth af-
fords. It is M-alhcd by two great oceans.
To the cadward it has tlie Atlantic,
which devidcs it from Europe and Africa.
To the W it has the Pacific, or Great
ioiuh Sea, by which it is feparated from
Alia. By tliefe it carries ou a dircdl com-
merce with the other three parts of the
world. America is divided into two great
continents, called Nutth and South Amer-
ica, by an idhnius about 500 miles long ;
md which, at Darien, about lat. 9 N, i*
;)iily 60 miles ovar ; other writers fay 34
milts. Thi» idlunus, with the northern
an«l'
AME
AME
1^ I i-
Jul .
m
and fcuthcrn conttncnts, formi tlic Gulph
of Mexico, in and near which lie the ifl-
ands, c:»llcd the IVi^l Indies, in contradif-
tindlion to the caflcrn parts of Ada.which
arc caHtd the EiJ} Iitd'us. In America
nature fteins to have carried on her oi»-
erationH upon a larger fcalc, and with a
bolder hand, and to have diAinguiflied the
features of this country by a peculiar
magniticcncc. The mountainn of Anierica
are much fupcrior in height to thofe in
the other divilions of the globe. Even the
plain of Quito, which may be confidrred
as the bafe of the Amies, i» elevated farther
above the level of the fca than the top of
the Pyrenees in Europe; and Chimbora-
zo, the mod elevated point of the Andes,
is ao,i8o feet high, which is at Irafl 7102
ftct above the peak of 'I'tnerifTe. From
the lofty and exteniive mountains of
America, defcend rivers, wuh which the
ftreams of L'uropc,cf Afia, or of Africa,
arc Hilt to be compared, either for length
ofeourie, or for the va ft body of water,
which they convey to the ocean. The
Danube, the Indus, the Ganges, or the
l^ile, in the caftcrn hemifphere, arc not
uf equal ma^^nitudc even with the St. Law-
rence, the Miirouri, or the MiflTifippi, in
North Aniciica ; and fall far fl.ort of the
Amazon, and the La Plata in South
America. The lakes of the New World
are no lefs confplcuous for grandcnrthnn
its mountains and rivers. There is noth-
ing in other parts of the globe which re-
fembles the prodigious chain of lakes in
North America, viz. Superior, Michigan,
Huron, Erie, and Ontario. They may be
properly termed inland feas of frefh wa-
ter And even thofc of the fecond or
third daft, are of greater circuit, (tbeCai-
pinn Tea excepted) than the greated lake
of the ancient continent. The luxuriance
of the vegetable creation in the New
World is extremely great. In the fouth-
ern provinces, where the moifturc of the
clim.-ite is aided by the warmth of the fun,
the woods are almoft impervious, and the
furface of the ground is hid from the eye
under a thick covering of ftirubs, of herbs,
and weeds. In the northern provinces,
although the forcfts arc not incumbered
with the fame wild luxuriance of vegeta-
tion, the trees of various fpecies are gener-
nlly more lofty, and often much larger,
than are to be fcen in any other parte of
the world. This vaft country produces
moft of the metals, minerals, plantsjfruits,
&c. to be met with in the other parts of
the wocld, and many of them in gieaier
*juantit!e<, And In high perfctflion. Th«
gold anrl (ilvcr of America have fupplirdi
Europe with rhofc precious metals. The
gold and filver of liiwope now bear little
proportion to the high price fet upon
them before the difcovery of America. It
alfo produces diamonds, pearls, emeralds,
amethyfts, «nd other valu.ible ftoncs. To
thefi', which are chit-fly the produiftions of
South America, may be added a great
number of othrr commodities, which,
though of lefs price, arc of much greater
ute. Of tlicfe are the plentiful fupplic»
of cochineal, indigo, anatto, logwood, bra-
zil, fuftic, pimenta, ligmimvitx, rice, gin-
ger, cocoa, or the chocolate nut, fugar,
cotton, tob.'icco, banillas, redwood, the
ball'ams of Tolu, Peru, and Chili, that
valuable article in medicine, the Jefuit's
bark, mechoacan, fafTafras, farfaparilla,.
calTia, tamarinds, hidci, furs, ambergrife,
and a great variety of woods, roots, and
plants, to which, before the difcovery of
America<'the Europeans were cither en-
tire flrangers, or wliich they were forced
to buy at an extravagant rate from Afia
and Africa, through the lunula of the Ve-
netians and Oenoofc, who then cngroffcd
the trade of the eaftern world. On this
continent there grow . alfo a variety of
excellent native fruits ) as pine apples,
citrons, lemons, or.inges, pomegranates,
%s, gr;ipcn, a great variety of culinary,
medicinal, and other herbs, roots and
plants, with many exotic produtflicr.s,
which are brought to as great perfedion
as in their native foil. Not^vithftanding
the many fettlements of the F.uropeans on
this continent, groat part of America re-
mains almoft unknown. N America con-
tains the four Britifli provinces, viz. 1.
Upptr Canada ; 1. Lntvcr Canada, to which
are annexed New Britain, and 'he ifland
of Cape Breton ; 3. Neiu Brtinfi .'ck : 4. No-
',ia Scotia, to which is annext. 5/. y<)hn.'
JJland. Belides thefe .ire th. ■ iflands of
NfiufcundlaKd, and the United States. It con-
tains .tlfo the Spanifli territories of Florida,
Neiv Mexico, California, Mexico, and Lnu-
ifinna, lately purchafed by the U States.
Bcfide thefe, there are immenfe unexplor-
ed regions to the W and N W. In the
fouthern continent, lie the Spanifli prov-
inces of Terra Firtna, Guiana, Peru, Par.t-
f::iry, and Chili ; together vjth that of
Brazil, belonging to the' Portuguefe, and
the country of Surinam, belonging to the
Dutch. Vaft trades, however, in the in-
land parts, are unknown, being compre-
1 hcnded under t' ncral name of Ama-
zonia,
AME
AME
.merica con-
ftonia, formerly called Maragnon. A
large diftri«ft alfo Ues between the ftraits
of Magellan and the province of Para-
guay, called Puijgoniu, little known. A-
inerica, fo far as kiiown, is chiefly claimed
and divided into colonies, by three Euro-
pean nations, the Spaniards, Biittfli, and
Portuguefe. The Spaniards, as they lirft
dil'covered it, have the largefl and richeft
{wrtion, extending from Louiliana and
Vmw Mexico, in N America, to tlic ftraits
of Magellar, in the South Sea, except-
ing the lar^e ])i'(>vince of Brazil, which
belongs to i'ortugal ; for, though the
French ^ \d Dutch have I'ome forts upon
Surinam and (iuiana, they Icarcely ckii-r .\;
to be coiilidered as proprietors, of any pt'.rt
of the fouthern continent. ' :.xt to i^pain
the moft confiderable propria or of Ame-
rica was Great Britain, who derived her
claim to N America trim the lirft diicov-
r.ry of that continent, by Sebaftian Cabot,
in the name of Henry Vii. of England, in
the year 1497, about 6 years after the dif-
covery of S America by Columbus, in the
name uf th« king of Spain. I'he country
vras in general called Neiv/outidiaiid, a name
which is now appropriated i'olely to an
ifland on its coaft. It was a long time iMfe
fore the Englilh made any attempt to td^
tic in this country. Sir Walter Raleigh,
an uncocimon genius, and a brave com-
mander, tirft ftiewed the way, by planting
a cobny in the fouthern part, which he
called Virginia, in honor of queen Eliza-
beth, who was unmarried. The French,
indeed, from this period until the conclu-
iion of the war of 1756, laid a claim to,
and adlually poiTeiled, Canada and Louili-
ana ; but, in that war, they were not only
driven from Canada, aiid its dependencies,
but obliged to relinquifli all that part of
JLouifiana lying on the £ lide of the Mifli-
fippi ; and the Britifh colonies, at the
peace of 1763, extended fo far as to ren-
tier it difficult to afCertain the preclfe
bounds of the empire of G Britain in N
America. To the northward, Britain
might have extended her claims quite to
the pole. From that extremity, Ihc had a
territory extending fouthward to Cape
Florida, in the Gulf of Mexico, in N lat.
a.?, and, confequently, near 4000 miles in
a diredl line. And to the weftward, the
boundaries were unknown ; but having
entered into impohtic difputes with her
colonies, flie brought on a war, of wliich
flic felt the ruinous effeiSts, by the dil'mem-
berment of her empire in N America :
and Britiili America, at the peace in 1 783,
was circumrcrlbed within the narrow Iim>
its already mentioned. America was very
probably peopled early after the flood.
See IViill SubterraneoH. Who were the
firft people of America ? And whence did
they come ? are qucftions concerning
which much has been faid and written.
Dr.Robertfon and theAbbcClavigero have
attempted a foluuon of them. A fum-
mary of their opinions may be found in the
American Univerfal Ueograpby. It has been
common, in eftimating the population of
the whole world, to allow i.io millions to
Anuiita. But tliis is probably live times
tlieir xzA number, ior if we fuppoi'e
every pTL uf the whole continent »« A-
nierica to be as populous as the U States,
(which is not the cafe) the whole number
will be but about 60 millions. The exaA
number is probably not more than
30,000,000. The prefent Americans may
be divided into two general clafl'es. Firft,
the proper Americans,commonly calledin-
dians, fometimes Aborigines, or thofe who
are defcended from the firft inhabitants of
the ^w world, and who have not mixed
thei^lood vtrith the inhabitants of the old
contjjient. Secondly, thofe who have mi>
grated, or have been tranfported to Ame-
rica, fuice its tlifcovery by Columbus, and
their dcfcendants. The former may be
fubdivided into three clafl'es. Firft, the
S American Indians, who probably came
over from the northern and weftern pnvts
of Africa, and the Ibuthern parts of Alia
and Europe. Secondly, the Mexicans, and
all the Indians fouth of the lakes and weft
of the Mifljiippi. Thirdly, the inhabit-
ants of Efquimcaux, Labrador, and the
countries ip'ound them. The latter may
alfo be diftinnjiiifljed into three claflTes.
Firft, Europeans of many diflerent nations,
who have migrated to America, and their
defcendants, of nuraixed blood. In this
clafs we include the Spaniards, Englifli,
Scotch, Irifli, French, Portu^Mitfc, Ger-
mans, Dutch, Swedes, &c. botn in N and
S America. Secondly, Africans, who
have been tranfported t(^ America and its
iflands, and their defcendants. Thirdly,
tlie mixed breeds called by the Spaniards,
Cnf<it, by the Englilh, Mulattocn, that is,
thofe who are defcended from an F.uro-
pean and an American, or from ?.n Iu;ro-
pean and African, or from an African and
American.
Anufviiyy, See AUvJlnn-y.
Amavcll, is the moft populous town in
Hunterdon co. N Jcrfey. It contained in
^"JOjjaoi inhabitants. It is on Dela-
w;u«
AMO
ANC
r
'<
'ii
ware river, between Kingwood and Hope-
well, 34 miles N of Philatlolphia.
Amherjl, a townfliip in CuiAberland co.
Nova Scotia, on Chigne(Sto Bafon, on the
S fide of La Planch River, and on the riv-
ers Napan and Macon. Tlie navigation
of the two laft is diiticult on account of
flioals. The town was fettled by North
Irifli, York{|ure and New England people,
Amherjl, a half fliire town of Hillf-
borough CO. N Hampfliire, formerly Sou-
hegan Weji., and was originally ^''snted
from Ma/fnchufetts. It has 2150 inhabit-
ants, and was incorporated in 1761. The
Aurean Academy was founded here in
1790. It is on a northern branch of Sou-
hcgaa River, wl.i. 1 falls into the Merri-
mack, and is 60 miles W of Portfmouth,
and 5:, N W of Bolton. N lat. 4a 54, W
Ion. 71 33. •
Anherjf, a townfhip in Hampfhire co.
Maffuchufetts, containing 13,58 inhabit-
ants ; 87 miles W^ from BoAon, and 8 N
E from Northampton. *
Aifihcrjt' County, in Virginia, lies between
the Blue Ridge ai d the tide watsr%and
contains 9339 fre^ iiihalitants, and746a
flaves. It lies on the north of Jamdti^iv-
cr, and has a copper mine not worked.
A>^ir/z, a fmall iiland on the coaft of
Bra?.il, un which the towns of Santos and
St. Vincents were hdiit. Oppofite to both
fliips iind exceile.it anchora.ge.
AmUpjs, tvv'o volcanoes in the province
of Guatimah, in N Sp^in, near the moun-
tains oi iSoconufco.
Aniit, a riverwhichrifesin theMiflifip-
pi Territory, aiid after a foutherb, courfe
falls irito the Iberville. It is navigable for
batteaux a confidernble diftanfe.
Amonoofuci, Rn Indian -name given to
two rivers in N Hampfliire : the one is
called f^/>*r Amonooluck, pafling through
a tradl of excellent meadov/. It rii'es near
the nortli end of the White Hills, runs
nortlierlv about 15 miles, where is a car-
rying place of about 3 miles fo Ama-
rifooggin River. From thence the river
rims S Wand W nearly 18 miles, and emp-
ties into the Connetlicut at Northumber-
lF.nd, near the Upper Coos. The other is
called Great or Lonver Amonoofuck, which
rifes on the weft fide of the White Tvloun-
tains. It falls into the Connedlicut juft
nbove the town of Haverhill, in I-ower
Coos, by a month ico v.inls wide. Ahtitit
2 miles from its mouth it receives IV'iLl
Amnnoifuch, 40 yards wide, from Franoo-
nia .and Lincoln Mountains. Two or
three hours rain -raifcs the water in this
lafl mentioned river feveral feet, and oc«
cafions a current fo furious as to put in
motion ftones of a foot in diameter, but
its violence loon fubfides.
Amotape, a town in Peru, near Tumbez,
on a river of excellent water, and near
the fliore of the Pacific Ocean, furround-
ed by a country highly improved, lat. 4
15 43 S.
Ampulla, r Ampalia, a city and feapoKt
in GuatimalaGuif.in that of Mexico, jjo
miles S E of the city of Guatimala, and
carries on a briik trade in cochineal, co-
coa, hides, indigo, &c.
Amptins, a jurifdidlion under the arch-
bifliop of Plata, eadward of that city, in
the empire of Peru. It abounds in grain^
and cattle.
ylniJ}erdam,Neiv,'vias the name originally
given by the Dutch to the city of N York.
Amjladam,^ new townfliip in Montgom-
ery CO. N York. It contains 1064 inhabits
ants, 12 or 14 miles N Woi Schcnedtady.
Amufkeag Falls, in New Hampfliire, are
on Merrimack River, i6 miles below
Concord, and 7 below Hookfct Falls.
It coufiUs of three pitches, one below the
other, fo that the water falls about 80 feet
j|| the courfe of half a mile. The fecond
pitch, which may be feen from the road,
on the W fide, is- truly majeftic. In the
middle of the upper part of the fall, is a
high rocky ifland, on the top of which are
a number of pits, made exadtly round, like
barrels or hogflic ads, fome of which are
capable of holding feveral tons ; formed
by the circular motion of fmall ftones, im-
pelled by the force of the defcending wa-
ter. At the foot of the rapids, half a mile
below the principal fall, is a bridge 3j6
feet in length, and ao in breadth, confift-
ing of aooo tons of timber, and made pafl-
able for travellers 57 days after it was be-
gun. A canal, with locks, around thefe
falls, is nearly completed. N lat. 42 59.
Anahuac, the ancient Indian name of
New Spain, or Mexico.
Anajlatia, St. a fmall ifland clofe to the
coafl of Eafl. Florida, S of Maftaiices inlet,
where the river Maflances forms two ifl-
ands of the fame name at its mouth. St.
Anaftatia ifland is bounded on the N by
Si. Auguftines' bar. Here is a quarry
of fine ftone for building.
AncUte Point, on the Peninfula of Cali-
fornia, end cc.ifl: of the North Pacific O-
ccan, lies in the 3Cth deg. of N lat. and
1 1 6th of W Ion. foutheriy from the town
of Velicata, and N E from the fmall ifland
of Guadaloupe.
A'ICbC0l
\
\
«t, and oc-
> to put in
imcter, but
r Tumbez,
', and near
, furroiiad-
Dvcd, lat. 4
ind feaport
Mexico, 3>|b
iniaia, and
hineal, co-
r the arch-
fiat city, in
ds in grain^
e originally
of N York.
1 Montgom-
964 inhabit*
:hene(ftady.
iptliire, are
iles below
jkfet Falls.
! below the
bout 80 feet
The fecond
m the road,
tic. In the
he fall, is a
f which are
round, like
which are
18 ; formed
Hones, im-
ending wa-
half a mile
iridge ss6
1th, conlift-
made paft-
r it was be-
und tliefe
lat. 42 5')-
name of
lofe to the
aiices inlet,
ms two ifl-
outh. St.
the N by
8 a quarry
ila of Call-
Pacific o«
N lat. and
the town
mall ifland
■A
I
AND
Aiictcu) Creek, in N Jerfey, a water of the
Delaware, 6 miles S W from Burlington.
It is navigable 16 miles ; and confider.-tble
quantities of Inniber are exported from it.
Anco, a fmail town of S America, 3
leagues from the city of Guainanga.
Aiidaguaylas, a jurifdidlion in ti Ameri-
ca, in Peru, fubjetf): to the archbilliop of
Lima; E by 6 of the city of Guamauga.
It abounds in I'ugar plantations, grain of
moft forts, and fruits.
Andulufia, NetUyA province of Terra Fir-
ma, on the coafl of the Atlantic, oppofitc
the Leeward Iflands.
Aiidiijlij, an hidian nation in Canada.
Andes. The principal mountains on this
weftern continent are the Cordillera de los
Andes, or Great Chain of Andes, in S A-
merica. They ftretch along the Pacific
Ocean from the ftraits of Magellan to the
ifthmus of Darien or Panama, upwaids of
4000 miles ; thence they run through the
extenfive kingdom of New Spain, till they
lofe themfelves in the unexplored coun-
tries of the north. In New Spain, the
moft confidcrable part of this chain is call-
ed Sierra Madre, particularly in Cinaloa
and Tarahumery, provinces 1200 miles
diflant from the capital. Further N they
have been called, from their bright ap-
pearance, the Shinhig Mounia'ins. The
height of Chimborazo, the moft elevated
point of this vaft chain, is 20,280 feet a-
bove the level of the Tea ; wliich is 710a
feet higher than any other mountain in
the known world. The Andes common-
ly form two ridges as they run, the one
higher and barren, and covered with
fnow, although in the torrid zone ; the
other fruitful in woods, groves, &c. The
latter abounds with wild hogs ; and flieep
called guanacos, refembling a camel in
fliape, but of a fmaller fize, whofe hair
for foftnefs, finenef's, and colour, is pre-
ferred to filk. 'I'he Andes have 16 volca-
noes, which break out in various places,
and by melting the fnow, ocralion fuch
torrents of water, that numbers of men
and cattle have periflied. They are only
pafTable in fummcr, and require 3 or 4
days to reach the top of any one of the
higheft.
.4/.-.yoT>i'r, a large, fertile and thriving poft
town in Ellcx co. Mailachufettj. It"' con-
tains 2941 inhal)itants, in two pariflies.
In the South pariih are a paper mill and
powder mill, from tU- latter ot wiiich the
army received large fupplies of gunpow-
der in the late war. There is an excel-
lent academy in this town, ciillcd " Phil-
AND
lips Academy," which owes Its exiftence
to tlie libcr.d benefatftions of the taiiuij
vvhcl'e name it bears. Another academy
has lately been eltabliflied in the N pai-
ifli. Andover is under exijellent cultiva>
tion, particularly that part which is wa-
tered by oiiawllieen River. It lies about
2c miles W from ^ewburyport,aiid about
32 N from Bolton.
Andover, a town in Hillfborough co. N
Hampfliire, contains 11 33 inhab!ian!s,aii(i
was incorporated in 1779.
Aiuhver, is the fuuth weflernmoft tov/n-
fliip in Windfor co. Vermc.ut, has CI'. titer
on the li, 22 miles W of Cliarleftowu, and
contains 1016 inhabitants.
Andover, a town in i-juhex co. N Jerfejr,
lO miles S of New Town.
Andre, St. a town in the kingdom of Le-
on, near the mouth of Kall'as Kiv er, wluci*
falls into the ''Uilf of IVlcxito.
Andrean'jjj^. i jjlcs, a crefcent of iiici' b«^>
twcen Alia and America, difcovercd in
1760. The natives refenible the E/qui-
meaux ami Greeulanders in their language
and manners. They aie idolaters. i'n.e
Be/iring's Straits, and Nori'f\rn Anhifeliij^a,
Andres, St. or Aiidrens, an iiland on ti.e
Mufquito ihore, off the i'earl Key.s. N
lat. 1 2 30, W Ion. o2 30.
Andreiv's, St. a fin?.ll town in N Eruiif-
wick ; fituated in the rear of aa iilnnd of
the fame name, on the K lide oi" the arm
of the inner bay of Pali'imaqnoddy , called
Schoodick. The town is legulaiiy !aia tmt
in the form of an obloiig li^uaie. 'iiie
few ii-yliabitants are chitity emphiyed ia
the lumber trade. '1 he common tidci
rife here about 18 feet.
Andrew's, St. a townlliip in Caledonia^
CO. Vermont, about 20 miles N \V oi New-
bury.
AndreTs's, St. a parifli in Charlefton liif-
t' idt, .S Carolina.
Andre^/s Scu:i4, St. lies S of Jckyl's bl-
and, and i.s forniL'd by it and a huall iiland
at the mouth of Great Satilla River. 1 lie
fmall river cppoiiie this found feparatcs
Camden fr.'im Giynn co. in Georgia.
Andros, iliands on the .S W of Provi-
dence, in tlie B:ii!ama iilands, called by
the Spaiii;irc's, Ylles del Lipiiitu Santo.
They take up u Ipace cl 3c leagues k;iii>
and 4 or 5 ljro.;d,iiUeriecicd by a luunbtr
of Very narrow paiTages.
Andnj\:0'i\^in, or A?!i.-r.icogfren liiver, ill
Maine, may be called the m;'Iii \vvr!:i'rn
branch of the IvcniiL-I.H'ik. h.s four«. e.s ;ii e
N of Lake Umbagog. Its courfe is luut!.-
cr!y till it approaches near to the \\'l.i:e
\
A N G
Monntajnt, from which it receivei Moofe
and Peabody riven. It then turns to the
£, and then to the S £, in which courfe it
pafTei within % miles of the fea coaft,
find then turning N runs over Pejepfkaeg
falls into Merry Meeting Bay, where it
forms a jund^ioii with the Kennebeck, so
miles from the fca. Formerly, from thi»
bay to the lea, the confluent Urcam was
caUcd Sagadahock. The lauds on this
river are very good. LittU Amnrefcogren
riles in Paris, and palTcs through Hebron
and Poland, and enters great Amerelcog-
gen at the 20 mile falls, cppofite Lewif-
town, about 15 miles of irregular courfe
from Merry Meeting Bay. The whole
length with all its windings is about .'^o
miles. It receives feveral Ilreams and
ponds, particularly the Range Pond8,Brau-
dy Pond, &c.
Arugada, one of the Virgin Ifles in the
'Weft Indies, and dependent on Virgin Gor-
da. It is about 6 leagues long, is low, and
aimed covered by water at high tides.
On the S fide is Treafure Point. Lat. 18
ajN.lon. 63 W.
Angaraea, a province in S America, in
Peru, fubjeiSt to the archbifliop of Lima,
ao leagues N W by W of the city of Gua-
manga. It abounds in all kinds of grain
and fruits, beiide vad droves of cattle for .
labour and fuftenance.
Angela, Port of, a harbour on the S Sea
eoa(l,in the middle between St. Pedro and
Capolita ; a broad open bay, with good
anchorage, but bad landing ; and the
Spaniards reckon it as good a harbour as
Guatulis.
Angelot, or Tlafcala, a province of Mex-
ico, extending between the N and S Seas,
having the Gulf of Mexico on the £, the
province of Guaxaca on the S B, the Pa-
cific Ocean on the S, the province of Mex-
ico Proper on the W, and that of Pcnuco
on the N, from which it it divided byTuf-
pa river or Cavoncs. From one fea to
the other is 100 leagues, about 80 along
the Gulf of Mexico, and 20 upon the i>
Sea coafl. Its foil, climate, and produce,
are much the fame with Mexico Proper.
On the W fiie is a chain of mountains of
x 8 leagues, well cultivated; and another
jjreat ridge of moimtains on the N W, the
neighbourhood of which fubie<Sts it to
/hocking tempefts, horrid hurricanes, and
frequent inundations ; yet this is allowed
to be the moft populous country of N
Spain, which is partly afcribed to its hav-
ing been an ally to Cortez,in the conqueft
of Mexico, who obtained a grant of the
AKG
Emperor Charles V. then alfo king of
Spain, by which it is to this day exempt
from all fervice or duty to that crown ;
and only pays the king of .^pain an hand-
ful of maize per head, as an acknowledg-
ment, which inconiiderablc parcels, al-
mod 60 years ago, amounted to near
1 3,03o bnHiels ; for it produces fu much
of that Indian corn, that from thence it
had the name of Tlafcala, i. e. the land of
bread, which name it gives to its principal
town. By thiti means the towns and vil-
lages fwarm with Indians. Its principal
tovvns arc Acaluchithau.Achiachica, Tul-
pa, Zacatlan, Cazercs, Naftla, or Ahnira,
Torre Blanca, Punta Delganda, Samputa,
Xaiappa, Puebla, Tepeal'a, Coraova, Pun*
ta Brava, New Vera Cruz, &c. They
fpeak the bpanilli tongue, and fcarcely
any other ; are perfedlly reconciled to the
Spanifli cuitoms, and grateful for the
countenance and deference iliewed to
them above their fellow provinces. It
was anciently governed by kings, till civil
wars ariling in it, the people formed
themfelves into an ariAocracy of many
princes, to get rid of one. '1 hey divided
the tov/ns into diflercn^ diflridb, each of
which named one of their chiefs to rcfide
in the court of Tlafcala, where tiiey form..
ed a fenate, whofc refolutions were a law
to the whole. Under this form of goV'
ernnient, they maintained themfelves a-
gainA the rulers of Mexico ; and continu-
ed their ariAocracy till their reception of
the Spaniards under Cortez, whom they
allifteid with their numerous forces, and
accomplifhcd the ruin of that empire iu
Ijai. See Mexico.
Angol, a town in the province of Chili,
S America, 1 25 miles N of Baldivia. S
lat. 37 36, W Ion. 7259.
Angra De Los Reyes, a town in the Cap-
tainfliip of Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil, S A-
merica, fubjedt to the Portuguefe, about
36 miles from Rio de Janeiro. It is on
the coaft upon a fmall bay, from whence
it has its name ; being in F-nj^lifli King's
Bay. It has 2 churches, a monafter}', and
a fmall guard houfe of about ao foldiers.
Irs chief producers filli. I.at. aa 28 S,
jo;.. 41 10 W.
AnguHla, or Snake If and, fo called from
its windings and irregular form, being 10,
leagues in length, and 3 in breatlth ; 25
leagues N W of Barbuda, and 15 from St.
ChriAopher's. It is the moftucrtherly of
all tiic CaribbiP illands poflefled by the
Britilh. It was fettled in 1650. The in-
habitants Iviblift moIl!y by farming, plant-
iiig
banc
i
3
c
alfo king of
s day exempt
that crown ;
pain an hand-
1 acluiowledg-
! parcels, al-
nted to near
uces fo mucli
rom thence ft
e. the land of
i its principal
3wns and vil-
ItB principal
liachiea, Tul-
la, or Alinira,
da, Samputa,
oraova, Pun«
&c. They
and fcarcely
oncikd to the
eful for the
! ihewed to
evinces. It
Ings, till civil
ople formed
icy of many
I hey divided
ri(5b, each of
tiefs to rcfide
re they form-
as were a law
cnn of gov-
hemfelves a-
and continu-
reception of
hom they
forces, and
empire ia
nee of Chili,
Baldivia. S
in the cap-
Brazil, S A-
guefe, about
It is on
(im whence
lifli King's
after}', and
30 foldiers.
■it. aa 28 S,
ailed from
being 10
eadth; 25*
5 from fit.
rtherly of
fed bv the
, Th'ein-
ing, plant-
ing
ing Indian corn, and other kinds of huf-
baiidry. The climate is ver/ healthy, and
the inhabitants ftrong and vigorous. The
exports in 1770, amounted, in fugar, rum,
and cotton, to near 6qoo1. Lon 6a 10
W, lat. 18 4 N.
An'ryillit a .bank and idand E of the
Great Bahama Bnnk, and N of theilland
of Cuba. l.on. 7^ 10 to 79 i, lat.
2.3 i to 24 10 N.
Anntiille, Cipe, a point of land in New-
foundland ifland, on the \V Me, in the
Gulf of .St. Lawrence, 6 leagues N from
Cape Ray, the .*? W extremity of the ill-
and, iii lat. 47 J7 N.
Anf^nilUt a bay on the N N E fsdo of the
ifland of St. Jolin's, in the fiulf of St.
Lawrence, oppofite Magdalen Ides ; and
havingSt. Peter's harbour on the S £,and
Port Chimene on the N W.
Annapolit River, ill Nova ."^cotia, is of
fmall fize and palFcs into the bay of Fnn-
dy through the bafon of its own name.on
the S fide of which, at the mouth of the
river, (lands the town ;uid fort of Anna-
polis Royal. It is navigable for fhips of
anybtirden 10 miles ; for thofe of lOctons,
1^ miles; and is paflablefor boats within
ao miles of Horton. The tide flows up
30 miles.
AniiapnlU, a county in Nova Scotia on
the above river, mljoiniiig to King's couti-
ty, having 5 townlhipa, vi?:. Wilmot,
Granville, Annapolis, the chief towns,
Clare, and Monckton. It is chiefly in-
habited by Acadians, Irifli,and New Eng-
landers.
Annapolis Royal, called Port Rnyal, by the
French, when M. de Fonts fettled a colo-
ny here in 1605. This town, the chief
town in the county of this name, ftands
on the S fide of thje river and bay of An-
napolis. N.iture has fcarcely omittedonc
thing to render this the fineft harbour in
the world. It is i leagues in length, and
one in breadth, h.iving a fmall ifland,
called Goat Ifland, almpflin the middle of
the bafon, which is faid to be large
enough to contain feveral hundred fliips.
Its depth of water is no where Tefs than 4
or 5 fathoms ; It being 6 or 7 on one fide
of the ifland. and on the other 16 or 18.
The bottom is every where very good,
and {hips may be fecure in it from all
V/inds. The entrance of the harbour is
difficult, fays Charlevoix, belides the in-
convenience of great fogs ; fo that only
one fhip can pafs in or out at a time, and
th.'.t with the gieateft precaution, the fliip
beiijg obliged to go ftern forenioft by rea-
fon of the Urong currents and tides hcr».
The town is not large, but has fome ver/
handfomc buildings. It is fortified ; nor
can it be eafily attacked, but by a bom-
bardment. The fort is capable of con-
taining about 100 men in its prefent ftate.
N lat. 45 10, W Ion. 64 5.
Aiinapclii, a port town in Ann Arundel
CO. and the capital of ATaryland. It ftandj*
at the mouth of the Severn, 30 miles S of
Baltimore ; 40 E by N from the federal
city; 7Z S VV from Wilmington, in Dela-
ware State, and 132 S W from Philadel-
phia It was formerly called Severn, and
in 1694, it was miule a port town. It i«
fituated on a penlnJ'ula formed bv the riv-
er and two fmall creeks ; and'aflbrdsa
beautiful profpe(Jl of Chcfapcak Bay and
the E fliore beyond it. I'he houfes, a-
bout 320 in number, are fpacions and el-
egnnt, indicative of great wealth. The
State Houfe is the nobleft building of the
kind in the union. It ftands in the centre
of the city, from which point the ftrcets
diverge in every dire«!llon, like radii. Th;*
other public buildings, are a College, E-
pifcopal and Mcthodift church, i\l:irl:et
Houfe and Theatr'?. The Coll.?ge has a
fund of 1 7.i;cl. per annum. It has alxnit
100 Students. N lat. 38 56 ij, lon. 7 ;
8 W.
Anymjloivn, about 60 miles W of Plcttf-
bui-gh, in Clinton co. New York.
Ami Aniiiili County, in Maryland, lies
between Pataploo and Patuxcnt Rivers,
and has Chcfapcak Bay S ?-. Annapolis
is the chief town, 'i'liis county contain.'*
22,623 inhabitants, of whom 9760 are
flaves. It is $^ miles long, 26 brc.id. In
fome parts the foil is light and fdudy ; on
the Patuxent and Patapfco rivers, it is
rich and well cultivated. Indian corn,
wheat, cotton and tobacco are the princi-
pal produce. Iron ore is found in lever;;!
places.
Aid: atom, one of the Ncw Hebrides cl af-
ter of iflands.
Ann, Cape, is tlie point of land in the
town of that name, or Gloucefter, which
forms the N'fide of Maflachufctts Bay. as
Cape Cod does the S fide. N lat. 42 45,
lon. 70 17 W, Sec Clozucpr. '1 his Cape
was fo named in honor of Ann, confort
of King James I.
Ann, St. a lake in Upper Canada, north-
erly from Lake Superior, which fends lis
waters northeafterly into James Ear,
through Albany River. Its northeaftern
point lies in N lat. .^c, W lon. 88.
Ann, St. h 'he chief town of the prov-
/
ANT
ANT
I
i ■.
"
ill
■4 ii
! f
iiirc of Pnrann, in tlie E divilioa of Parn-
guay, S Americit.
/t'ln, Fort, in the St;ite of W York, lies
nt tlie head of batte.iut navigation, on
Wood Ctecli, which ftill» into South Bay,
t,rike Champlain, near Skciiefboroti^h. It
lies 7 itiiles S W by S fiom Skenefto-
rough Fort ; lO E S E fron» Fort George,
and 12 N E by N from Fort Edward, on
Hii;lfo:i River. Suc'i was the fivageftate
of this pnrt of the country, and the layers
of tree3 laid lengthwife and acrofs, and fi>
broken with creeks and marHies, that
General Burgoyne's army, in July, i777,
could fcarceiy advance above a mile in a
day, on the road to Fort Edward. They
had no fewer than 40bridge« to conftrudi,
one of which wis of log work a miles in
length ; circumftances which in after ages
will appear hardly credible.
Am's, .?/. a port on the E fide of Cape
Breton Idand, where fiflnng veflels often
put in. It lies on the N W (idc of the
entrance into Labrador Lake. W Ion.
6o, Nlat. 47.
A'inSfSt. is a fmall town on the River
St. John's, province of New Brunfwick,
about 8o miles from St. John's. It is at
prcfent the feat of government.
Anfoit, an interior county of N Carolina,
Jn Fayette diftridl:, having TvTecklinburg
county N and Bladen and Cumberland
counties on the E. It contains 8146 in-
habitants, including 1200 flaves. The
foil is various in different parts, but in
general is very good ; wheat, rye, oats, cot-
ton, rrce, hemp, are raifed in great per-
fetflion. Some of the low lanos are un-
healthy ; billious and internu'ttent com-
plaints are common.
All/on^ a town in Kennebeck co. Maine,
on the W fide of Kennebeck river and N
of Sandy river. Seven mile brook runs
abm't 3 miles through the town, and en-
ters Kennebeck in its N E comer.
Anthonys Fcilh, St. in the River Mifll-
fippi, lie about 10 miles NVVof the mouth
of St. Pierre River, which joins the MifTi-
fippi from the W, and are fituated in a-
bont lat. 44 50 N, and were fo named by
father Louis Hennipln, who travelled in-
to thefe parts about the year 1680, and
was the firft European ever feen by the
natives there. The whole river, 150
-frards wide, falls perpendicularly above
^o feet, and forms a moft pleafing cafa-
raift. The rapids below, in the fpace of
,<^oo yards, render the defcent confidera-
tlv greater ; fo that when viewed at a
diftance, they appear tg be much higher
than they re.illy arc. In the middle ot
the falls is a imall idand, about 40 feet
broad, and fomewhat longer, on which
grow a few hcmlf'ck and fpruce trees ;
and about Ii.ilt way between this illand
and the eaftern Ihore, is a rock, lying at
the very edge of the fall, in an oblique
pofition, 5 or 6 feet broad, and 30 or 40
long. Thefe falls are pcculiiirly fituated,
as thev arc approachable without the
leaft cbllruiflion from any intervening
hill or precipice ; which cannot be faid,
perhaps, of any other confiderable fall in
the world. The fcene around is exceed-
ingly beautiful. It is not an uninterrupt-
ed plain, where the eye finds no relief,
but compofed of many gentle afcents,
which, in tlie fpring and fummer, are
covered with verdure, and interfperfed
with little g.oves, tliat give a pleafing va-
riety to the profpeiSt At a little dif-
tance below the falls is a fmall illand, a-
bout 2 acres, on which grow a great
number of oak trees, all the branches of
which, able to bear the weight, are, in the
proper feafon of the year, loaded with
eagle's nefls. Their inftindtive wifdom
has taught them to choofe this place, at
it is fecure, on account of the rapids a-
bove, from the attacks eitlier of man or
beaft.
Aittbony^s Kill, a weftern water of Hud-
fon River. Its mouth is 7 miles above
that of Mohawk River, oppofite Schate-
coke.
Anthonys Nop, a point of land in the
Highlands, on Hudfon River, from which
to Fort Montgomery on the oppofite fide,
a large boom and chain was extended ia
the late war, which coft not lefs than
70,0001. fi:erling. It was partly deftroy-
ed, and partly carried away by General
Sir Henry Clinton, in October, 1777. Al-
fo, the name given to the point of a
mountain on the N bank of Mohawk
River, about 30 miles above ScheUedlady.
•Around this point runs a public road.
Anticojli, a barren, uninhabited ifland.in
the mouth of St. Lawrence River. Lat.
49 30 N, Ion. 6i W London.
Aiit'ietiim Creel, in Maryland, rifes by
fevcral branches in Pennfylvania, and
enipties into Patowmac River, 3 miles S
S E from Sharpfourg. Elizabeth and
Funk's towns ftand on this creek. It has
a ni'mber of mills and forges
A-iigmr, or Ar.tcgo, one of the Caribbee
Iflands in the Wefl: Indies, belonging to
Great Britain, is fituated 60 miles to the
eaftward of Nevis and St. Chriflopher's,
It
Tt I< almo
^ long ant
^ acres of I
appropri
pifturag
cotton an
Iv rich,
five drou
i ticularly
I luuibus, w
\ it from a
■i de la Aiiti
fays that i
is a finguli
which in
fignified a
fhould, in
have been
not a fingh
tcr in it.
rain watei
ciflerns, is
From drou
is diflioult I
the crops,
that the q
fome years,
others ; thi
hogflieads,
crop was 15
ces ; and in
1778, there
canes being
md the who
periflied, fo:
vefiels had
nd flour,
leads of fug
;>ned a gooc
lorted in om
_y 1778, tot
terling, in 2
184,526 cwt,
[:il. molafies
iiul other fn
>!>rtcd to th
he above, w;
bounds in b
10ft of the ;
tlier iflands.
oth white ;
lafed progr
lubitants a
[ares to 57.:
to 6 paiifl
arifhos are
eorge, St. P,
has 6 to» :
the capital)?
IV Bay, Old
ot. i.
le middle of
>uut 40 feet
', on whicK
)riire trees ;
I thin illand
>ck, lying at
an obliijue
nd 30 or 40
rly fituated,
.vithout tlie
intervening
not be faid,
iraljle fall in
id is exceed-
anintemipt-
U no relief,
itle afcents,
ummer, are
interfperfed
pleafing va-
: a little dif-
lall ifland, a-
ow a groat
! branches of
It, are, in the
loaded with
live wifdoni
lis place, as
he rapids a-
of man or
ater of Hud-
miles above
olitc Schate-
land in the
from wliich
l)ppofite lide,
extended in
It lefs tlian
;ly deflroy-
Iby General
1777- Al-
point of a
if Mohawk
Iclieneiftady.
lie road.
ed ifland, in
Iver. l^at.
kd, rJfes by
|vania, and
3 miles S
labeth and
lek. It has
■e Caribbee
plonging to
iles to the
|riftopher's.
It
I
ANT
tt i' almoft circular ; being about 15 miles
long and lo broad, containing 59y^3^
acres of land, of which about 34>ooo are
appropriated to the growth of fugar and
jnfturage annexed. Its other ftaples are
cotton and tobacco. The foil is natural-
Ivr rich, and when not checked by cxcef-
(ivc droughts, to wljich Antigua is par-
ticularly fubjcdl, ii very productive. Co-
luitibas, who difcovered this ifland, named
it from a church in Seville, Santii Motrin
<le la Ani'igua ; and his fon, Ferdinand,
l:iv's that its Indian name was Jamaica. It
is a fingular circuniflance, that this word,
which in the language of the larger iflands
fignlfied a country abounding with fprings,
fhould, in the diaiedl of the Caribbees,
have been applied to an ifland that, has
not a fingle Ipring or rivulet of frefh wa-
ter in it. The inhabitants make ufe of
rain water, which, when preferved in
ciflerns, is light, pure and wholefome.
From drought and other circumftances, it
is diflScult to furnifli an average return of
the crops, which vary to fuch a degree,
that the quantity of fugar exported in
fome years, is five times greater than in
others ; thus in 1779, were Ihipped 3382
hogflieads, and 579 tierces; in 1782, the
crop was 15,382 hogflieads, and 1603 tier-
jces; and in the years 1770, 1773, and
1778, there were no crops at all; the
anes being deftroyed by a long drought,
nd the whole body of negroes mufl have
leriflied, for want of food, if American
effels had not fuppHcd them with corn
nd flour. On an average, 1 7,000 hogf-
lieads of fugar, of 16 cwt. each, are reck-
med a good faving crop. Antigua ex-
ortcd in one year, ending the 5th Janua-
y 1778, to the value of 593,5961. 15s. 8d.
erling, in 233 velTcU : the cargoes were
84,526 cwt. I qr. 18 ll-<s. fugar ; 7x9,546
il. molafies ; 26 lbs. indigo ; dying woods
ml other fniall articles. The value ex-
rted to the United States, included in
he above, was yf.i 1,03 1-15-4. The ifland
bounds in black cattle, hogs, fowls, and
10ft of the animals in common with the
tlier IHands. The number of inhabitants,
(ith white and black, fcem to have dc-
roafed progreflTively. In 1 774, the white
ihabitants amounted to 2590, ;ind the
ires to 57.808. The ifland I> divided
>to 6 paiitlies and 11 diftriifls. The
arifhcs are St. John's, St. Marv's, St.
corge, St. Peter, St. Paul, .and St.'Philip.
has 6 to^ns and villages. St. John's
he capital) Parham, Falmouth, Willough-
Bay, Old Bay, Old Road, and James
OL. I.
C
ANT
Fort ; the two firft of which are legal
ports of entry. No ifland in this part of
the Weft Indies can boafl: of fo many ex-
cellent harbours ; of thcl'e the principal
are Kn'jlifii Harbour, and St John's, both
well fortified ; and at the former are a
royal navy yard, anil arftnal, v iili cor.-
vcuienccs for careening fliioi ot war. 'I'iie
miiit.iry eflililiflinKMit {^oiicraily conlillj
of 2 rcifinicnt; of inlantrv, and 2 of tbi t
militia. There are likewiie a rqiKadron < f
dragoons, and a battallion of artillery, botli
raifed in the ifland; and the rctjulars re-
ceive additional pay as in J.Tniaica. Tlie
governor or captain generalol' thcloeward
Caribbean Iflands, gencr.illy reliJcs in An-
tigua, but vifits occafionally each ifland
within his government ; and, in hearing
and determininT; caul'cs from the oilier
iflands, prefules alone. Me is clianccllor of
each ifiand by his office; but in r; ufts
arifing in Antigua, ho is all'ifled In li!s
council, after the praiilice of Harbadocs ;
and the prefidcnt, together witii a certain
number of the council, may determine
chaunccry caufes during the abfence of
the governor general. The other court*
of this ifland are a court of king's bencli,
a court of common picas, and a court of
excliequer. The clr.in-Ii of the United
Brethren has been very fuccofciiul in con-
verting to chriilianity manv ot the negro
flaves of this and tiie other illands. '1 he
climate here is hotter than at I'arliadoes,
and like that ifland fiibictl: to luirricancs.
The firft grant of Antigua wa,"; made bv
Charles IL about 1^-63, to William Lord
Willoughby of Parham, and three years
after, a colony was planted. It was fur-
prifed the fame year by the French. It
made no figure in ccmmerce, till Col.
Chriftopher Codrington, licut. governor
of Barbadocs, came and fettled here in
1690. There happened a moft terrible
hurricane here in 1 707, that did vafl d;im-
age to this ifland and Nevis, more than to
any of the Caribbee Iflands. In October,
1736, was the plot of Court, Tor.ibay and
Hercules, three Indians vho had convey-
ed gun powder under theball room, where
the governor was to give a ball ; but it
was happily difcovered, and they were all
executed. Antigua lies between 17 y^^
and 1 7 1 7 45 N lat. and betw een 6i 22 15
and 61 36 12 W Ion.
A.itlllc,;n cluiler of iflands in the Weft
Indies, diftinguifhed into Great and ."^mall.
They lie from 18 to 24 degrees of N lat.
are diftinguiflied into Windward and Lee-
ward Iflands, and lie in the form of a bow,
flretcliing
^4
APA
ftretchin]; from the coaft of Florida N tu
that of Brazil S. The moft remarkable of
them arc Cuba, Jamaica, Hifpaniola or
Domingo, and I'orto Rico. See each un-
der its proper head.
Antiqutra, a feaport town in the prov-
ince of Guaxaqua, in Mexico.
Antiquiera, or Anteqii'ura, a town in N.
Spain, province of Guaxaqua, 75 miles S
of the city uf Guaxaqua.
Afitriventria, a fubdivifion of Terra Fir-
ma, S of Carthage, ia.
Antonio De Suchilcpec, St. a town in Mtv
ico or N. Spain, on the coaft of the Paciiic
Ocean, N lat. 15, W Ion. 93 5.
Antonio, St. the capital of the province
of Apachicra, in N. Mexico.
Antonio, A town in the province of Na-
Tarra, in N. Mexico, on a river which runs
S W into the Gulf of California.
Antonio, Cu/ie St. the moft weftern point
of the Ifland of Cuba ; having on the N W
a number of idots and rocks, called Los
Colorado!), between which and the cape
is the channel of Guaniguanica. N lat. a
J5,Wlon. 85^.
Antonio De Cabo, St. a town in Brazil, in
S. America, near Cape St. Auguftine, fub-
je»a to the Portuguefe. Here they make a
confidcrable quantity of fug.T. S lat. 8 34,
W Ion. ,15 Si.
Antonio, St. A town In N Moxiro on the
"W fide of Rio Bravo River, below St.
Grcgoria. Alfo, the name of a town on
the river Hondo, which falls into the Gulf
of Mexico, N E of Rio de Brava ; and on
the eaftern fide of the river, S by W from
Texas.
./<«/«>, a townfliip in Hilllborough cO.
N. Hampfliire, 75 miles W of Portfmouth,
and about the famediftanceNWof Bofton.
Anville, or Miller's Toivn, in Dauphine
CO. Pennfylvania, at the head of Tulpc-
hocken Creek. When the canal between
the Sulquehannah and Schuylkill, along
thefe creeks, is completed, this town will
probably rife to fome confequence. It
lies 18 miles NEbyEfrom Hanifburg,
and 6,; N W from' Philadelphia.
Anxerma, is a town and province of Po-
payan,in S.America,having mines of gold.
It 18 feated on the river Coca. N lat. 4 58.
Apachiera, an audience and province of
N. Mexico, whofe capital is St. Fe, in N
lat. 36 30, W Ion. 104.
Apalaches, or 5/. MarVs R. rifes in the
countryof the Seminole Indians, in E Flori-
da, in N lat. 31 30, near the N W fource of
Great Satilla River; runs S W through the
Apalachy country into the bay of Apala-
cKy, in the Gulf of Mexico. It ruMt al)out
APO
iiH miles and falls into the Bay nanr tti«
mouth of Apalachicola River.
Apiilachicola, a river botwccn E and VT
Morida, having its fource in the Apalachi-
an Mountains, in the Cherokee country,
within tc'i mi!v8 of Tuguloo, the Upper
branch of S;ivunn.ih Rivir. From iti
fourct' to the mouth of Flint River, a dif-
tance of 300 miles, it in called Chata Uche,
or Ciiataiiooclif River. Flint River fall*
into it from tlio N \L below the Lower
Creek Towns, iiiNlat. i,\. From thence it
nins near 80 miles, and tails into the Bay
of Apalachy, or Apalachicola, in the Gulf
of Mexico, at Cdpe Blaize. From its
fourre to the 33d dcg. of N lat. its courfe
is S W, from thence to its mouth it run*
n-^arly S Sec Chata Ihha and Flint Riven.
Atnliichicnlu, is likcwife the name of the
1 Tother town or capital of the Creek or
M\jfcogidge confcderacy,calledApaI'achu-
cla by Bertram. It is, fays he, facfed to
peace ; no captives are put to death or
hunuui blood fpilt here ; and when a gen-
eral peace is propofed, deputies from all
the towns in the confederacy meet here to
deliberate. On the other hand, the grri'.t
Coweta Town, 11 miles higher uj) the
Chata Uche River, is called the Blocdy
Toivn, where the Miccs chiefs and warr
lors alTenible wlicn a general war is pro-
pofed ; and there captives and ftate malC'
faiftors arc put to death. Apal.ichicola is
fituated a mile and an half above the an'
cicnt town of that name, which was fitu-
ated on a pcninfula formed by the doub-
ling of the river, but defcrted on account
of inundations. The town is about 3 days
journey from Tallaflee, a town on the
Tallapoofe River, a branch of the Mobile
River. See Coiueta, and TallnJJ'ie.
Apatachian MQuiiluins, a part uf thcranjc
called fometimes by this name, but gener-
ally Alleghany Mnuntairs. In this part of
the great chain of mountains, in the Cher-
okee country, the river Apalachrcola liai
its foUrce. See Allevhany Muunlains.
Apalachy Country, extends acrt)!* Flint
and Apalaches Rivers, in Eaft Florida,
having the Seminole country on the N E.
Apalachy, or Apalachya, is by fome writ-
ers, applied to a town .-md harbour m
Florida, 90 miles E of Penfacolri, into whi-ili
this river empties itfelf. The tribes if
the Apalachian Indians lie around it.
Apoquenemy Creek, falls into Delaware
Bay from Middletown, in Newcaftle co.
Delaware, a mile and an half below Ree-
dy Ifland. A canal is propofed to extend
from the fouthern branch of this creek, at,
about 4 miles from Middletown, to tha
«
lipad of 1
Jant ; wl
nation b<
Chefape;
Afyple
in St. La
S Pule of
Green Illi
which re
Apple
fide ot Se
ttie town
mulus on
Appoma
branch o
may be n
or 10 mill
any velFcl
Bar, in Jt
J^ water a m
Ij Bar, and i,
" Peterlburf
burg the n
l)ut a com
canal roun
the town,
out the riv
Edward cc
Apolo Ua
millions be
jedl to the
from that c
7 towns of c
thefe from 1
and to give
litia is kepi
formed by 1
Apurima,
cr in Peru,
river Aban:
Aquafort,
the fouth e:i
land Ifland,
Aquedochto
pifeogee, in
whofe watei
Jakes in a I
Merrimack
Sanborntow)
_ Aquila, a
ginia, 47 mil
AquiJneck,
Rhode Ifland
Araguaya,
>razil. See
Ararat, M.
'range of moi
'N- Carolina,
t>i anch of Ya
<s a delightfuJ
Bay ntnr tt\*
r.
ecu E and VT
the Apalachi-
iikce country,
»o, the rtpper
r. From itf
It River, a dif-
d Chata Uche,
int River falls
)W the Lower
■rom thence it
i into the Bav
la, in the Gulf
7,c. From it*
J lat. it* courfe
mouth it run*
nd Flint Rivers,
he name of the
f the Creek or
lUeJApatachu-
g he, fat fed to
lUt to death or
nd when a gen-
jputles from all
icy meet here to
hand, the groi.t
higher up the
lied the Blpcily
hieFs and warr-
[eral war is pro-
• and ftate male-
Apalachicola is
above the an-
which was fitu-
led by the doub-
led on account
is about 3 day* li
town on the
of the Mobile
•ilajfi-e.
,art of therarje
ame, but gener-
In this part of
ns, in the Cher-
jalachicola hai 5
Vluuitlains.
,ds acroi's Flint ,
Eaft Flnridii,'
ry on the N E.
by fome writ-
md harbour in
icoIa,intowhi<:li
The tribes if
I around it.
into Delaware
\ Ncwcaftle co.
alf below Rce-
pofed to extenil
of this creek, at
Uetowii, to tin
AR A
fcpad of Bohemia River, nearly 8 miles dlf-
Tant J which will form a water communi-
fation between Delaware Hay, and that of
Chefapeak, tJtrough lUk River.
Al>ple If and, a fmall uninliabited ifland
in St. Lawrence River, in Canada, on the
S lide of the river, between Dafiiue and
Crrcen Illands. It is furroundcd by rocks,
which render the navigation dangerous
W//>/j' Teivn, an hidian village on the F.
fide of Seneca Lake, in N. York, between
the townfliips of Ovid on the S and Ro-
mulus on the N.
Appomatox, is the name of a fouthcrn
branch of James River, in Virginia. It
may be n;ivigated as far as Bro dways, 8
or 10 miles from Bermuda Hundred, by
any veird, which has crofled Harrilon's
Bar, in James R,iver. It has 8 or 9 feet
water a mile or two fartJier up to 1 illier's
Bar, and 4 feet on that and upwards to
Peterfburg. For 5 miles above Peterf-
l>urg the navigation is interrupted by falls ;
l)ut a company are employed in cutting a
canal round thefe falls into the centre of
the town, and already they have cleared
out the river as far as Farmville in Prince
Edward co.
Apolo Bama, a jiirifdidlioii confifting of
millions belonging to the Francifcans, lub-
jeiSl to the bifliop of Cufco, 60 leagues
from that city, in Peru. Thefe confift of
7 towns of CO. verted Indians. To protect
thefe from the infults of the other Indians,
and to give credit to the miffionaries, a mi-
litia is kept here, under a major general,
formed by the inhabitants.
Apiirima, or Aparamac, a very rapid riv-
er in Peru, S. America, 30 miles from the
river Abanzai.
Aquafort, a fettlement on the E fide of
the fouth eaftern extremity of Newfound-
land Idand, lat. 47 10 N.
Aqtieihchton, the outlet of lake Wiiini-
pifeogee, in N. Hampfliire, N lat. 43 40,
|whofe waters pafs through fevcral fmaller
iJakes in a S W courle, and empty into
Merrimack River, between the towns of
iianborntown and Canterbury.
Aqiiila, a poft town in Stauord co. Vir-
inia, 47 miles from Wafhington.
Aquidncci, the aiicicnt Indian name of
liode Ifland.
Araguaya, a branch of Para River, in
sBrazil. See Para.
Ararat, Mount, or the Stone Hi-ad, a fliort
range of mountains on the N frontier of
N. Carolina, F- from Ararat River, a N W
ipraiich of Yadkin River, from the f"jnmit
<5 a delightful and extenlive profpeit.
ARE
Araflaptf^aiv. See Athnfnjittv LAe.
Arnma, a fortrels and town of Chili, in
.S. America ; lituattd in a fine val'.cy, ona
river of the fume name, N by W from
Baldivia. ^ The native Indians drove the
Spaniards out of their country, though
delHtute ol firearms. S laf, 37 30, W Ion.
Araziio, one of the principal places in
Porto Riro Illand, in the VV Indies. It has
few inhabitants, and little trade but fmug-
g''n«-
Arcar, an ifland in the Gulf of Mexico,
in the Bay of Campeachy. Lat. ao, Ion.
ya 50.
Ard< Spri/ig. See Bald Eaglf f 'allay.
Anlipiliijrs, Danj^i-rous, the nanic giveti
•giv
cluf
by Bou^anville, in F«;b. 1768, to a cTuftac
of illands in the Pacific Ocean, in the
neighbourhood of Otahcite, fituated b«»
twecn to and 18 degrees S lat. and be-
tween Z4a and 145 degrees W Ion. from
Viirii. The iflands which compofe this
Archipelago, he named Quatrc Facardins,
the Lanciers, and La Harpe.and other ifl-
ands, forming two groups, to which he
gave no names. In April, 1769, Captain
Cook fell in with thefe fame illands, and
named them Lagnon Ifland, Thruivi Cap,
Bow Ifland, and the Two Group?.
Archipelago of the Great Cyclades, a clufter
of iflands in the Pacific Ocean, lying be-
tween 14 and aodcg. S lat. and i^etwsen
164 and 168 dcg. E Ion. from Paris, dif-
covered by Bouganville, aad of May,i 768..
This is the fame clufter of iflands difcover-
by Quiros in i6o('), and by him called
Tierra Anjlral del Efpiritu Santo, which fee.
Capt. Cook pafied thefe iflands in 1774,
and palled them New Hebrides.
Ardois, a mountain in Nova Scotia, be-,
twecn Windfor and Halifax ; 13 miles N
W from the latter. It is deemed the high-
eft land in Nova Scotia, and aft'oriis an
cxtcnfivc profpe*^ of all the hijrh and low
lands about Windfor and Falmouth, and.
the diftant country bordering the Bafon
of Minas.
Arequipa, is one of the largeft cities in
Peru, S. America, and was founded by Don
Francifquo Pizarro, in 1539. It ftands.
in the valley of Quiica, about ao leagues
from the fea, in a fertile country. Near
it is a dreadful volcano. The air is very
temperate ; and the beft in the coun-
try ; but it has been four times la;4.
in ruins by earthquakes. It is very pop-
ulous, and' well built ; contains a con-
vent, and two nunneries, and had a col-
lege of Jefuits. It has a biflioprick in Li-
ma.
A R R
ASC
i
'i^liii
m
m», and lie* J90 milr» s by E from that
city. l,i»t 16 40 S, Ion. 75 30 W.
A'-s^ylt, a townfliip in W,ill»iii};ton co.
N. Yolk.ontlie K bank otJ-IiiiUdii Rivrr,
ill which are Vutl Kdward mvI lort Mil-
Itr.
^'(jv/c.a townfliip in olulbiirnr co. No-
va Sn)ti;i, fL'ttlid liy Acailiaiu :iiid ticotch.
Aru.i, ii jurililiJtioii ill llic l>itlui|)rick
of .V ■cquip.i, in I'cru, txlrndiitj; ;ti'ing
the ci)h(1 ol till' S fca. It jm>(liicc» little
illtr than .ii_;i, tir Giiiiii.i pcppir ; and in
Ionic pi lies lirg, olives, lit which they
in ikc Oil and pickL's : but, alihon);!) (he
country is utIitrwilV l)arrcn, tlic produce
of pcppt.i'.uiuiunts annually to no Ida than
60,000 dollars value.
Aricj, A town anil port in the province
of I.Ob C'lKiri.()», i > Fern ; bcinj^ the port
town to mod oftiic mines in that country.
It ib a pi ICC of vaft trade, and very pop-
vdous ; lelJoni without a great deal of
diipping. h is but badly fortitied, and
ha3 been much injured by <'artlu]uakeH,
which have alfo hurt its trade. No raiu
ever falls here ; the houfes arc therefore
witlioiif root's. Tile valley of Arica it
famous forlitilc tlfe than the culture of
Guinea pcppcr.which theSpaniards plant-
ed, and of this they raife annually to the
value of 80,000 crowns. It in jjO miles
SE of Lima. S lat. 18 a;, Wlon.71 6.
AiiJjjt, a town in Cape Breton illand.
Aiii-s Kill, a fmall creek wl»ich runs
northerly iuto Mohawk River, a^ miles
W from Schoharie River, in N. York.
Aiiiinfas, Arkiinfatv, a N W branch of
Miinfippi River, of a very long courfc in
Louifiana, which falls in by two mouths,
and forms an idand, whofe north wtflern
point lies in N lat. 33 35, W Ion. 91. The
length of this illand is 35 miles ; its breadth
lo. The branch on the north eadern
fide of the illand receives White River,
about 24 miles ftom its mouth.
Arl'/r^lon, a townfhip in Bennington en,
Vci mont, I z miles N from Bennington.
It has [)()i inhabitants.
Armaiicbijuois, a nation of Indians in
Canada.
Armjltonft, 3 county of Pcnnfylvania,
bounded N by Vcnan^^i, E by Lycoming,
watered by the Allcijhany, and its brandi-
es, containing ,581,400 acres, and 2399 in-
habitants.'being divided into 3 townlliips.
Ar/ieJu, a town in Peru, on the South
Sea, 25 miles N of Lima.
Atraciffi, a \)ort town of Brazil, in the
capcainfliipof Fcrnanibaco ; eftccmtd the
ftrongeft in all Brazil. The poit tonfiQs
of a fuburb, iu which are feme large houl-
ei, and repuntories for floret ; and isbuils
upon a nirrow padagc, wiih a callle li»
defend the entrance. Notwith(landin|;
which, Janus i.ancailer enltred the iiar-
bour in 159;, wiih 7 Englilh vtfleb, and
made himliU m^tflcr of the town and caf-
tle, wImtc he (oniinurd a month, and or-
ried oH'imnunfc plunder ; but fincc that
tini'.', the l'ortn)>ucfe iiave rendered it ol-
moft inacciflihlc to enemies, l.at. 8 20
S, Ion 36 10 W.
Arr,iy,il Di Poralf, a town in Brazil,
fituatid en the W fide of I'ara River, be-
low the junction of its two ^rcai briuichc*.
See i .I'u Kurr.
Arn>ufei^,-Ax\ ifland in Mdine, feparatrd
from Parker's Illand by a I'nudl (Irait. It
is within tlie limits of (iforjic Town, and
contains nearly \ of its inhabitants, and
has a church. It contains ab>>ut 20,coo
acres of land, including a large quantity
of fait marlli. .Sec Cm^c Town and
Piirhr'j JJlatiJ,
A rp cutis, the IJlanJt o/iI}i,the name given
by M. de .Surville, in 1769, to bolomon'k
liiands, on account of the barbarous char-
ad>er of their inhabitants, particularly at
Port Pradin. Thefe iflands were vilUcd
by Mr. Shortland in 1788, and by him
called New Georgia. Sec Solomon j IJk*
and Poit Ptojlin.
Arthur Kiill, or Newark Bay, on the
coaft of N. Jerfcy, is formed by thcunioa
pf Paflaic and Hackinfack Rivers.
Aiiiha, one of the Little Antille Idands,
in the W. Indies, is fubjeifl to the Dutch.
It is uninhabited, lies near Terra Firma,
14 leagues W of Curacoa, and produces
little clfc beilde corn and wood. N lat.
12 30, W Ion. 67 3 J.
AriimJ'iinihiw^iin,isWi in Pcnobfcot river.
Aiiinctcl,A townfliip in York co. Maine,
between Cape Forpoife, and Fiddeford on
the N E on Saco River, 21 miles N E
from York.
Afjiif^aro, a jurifdiillion undci the bifljop
of Cufto, in Peru, S. America, 50 leagues
from that city : numbers of cattle arc
bred here. There arc fome filver mines
in the N E part of it ; and it produces
papas, quinoas, and canaguas. Of the
two 1.1ft they make chicha aj others do
from maize.
Afu-i:Jioii B<iy, lies on the E fide of the
peninfula of Yucatan, in the Bay of Hon-
duras, having Amber Bay on the N and
the northern point of Ambergieefe Key
on the S, which forms a pafTage into Han-
over Bay, S from Afccnfion Bay. This is
alfo the name of a bay in the N part of
the Gulf of Mexico, fitualcd between Cape
Bali.2c
]bii«
theB
joth
Ajh
a tuw
miles
ASS
A8V
Balisc at the mouth of the Miiririnpi.niul
the Bay of Jrclh Water on thi- \V in the
joth (le^jTce ol N lut. and yul of W km.
Ajbl/urnl'um, formerly ])nt\hjl,r CjiiiiJj,
a town ill Won clk-r co. Mairacluifetti, .^O
luilev N of Worcclkr, ajiil 35 fruni Bolhm,
>vas incorporated in 1765, and contaiiH
'J<J4 iiiliabituni». It Hands upon the height
of land K of Connetilicut River, and W of
jVIerrimack, on tlie banlct of Little Naiik-
lieag. In this lowiilhip, is a white fand,
equal in linenelii to that at Cape Ann, and
wiiich, it is judi'ed would make tine <;lai'9.
jyHy, a tuwnlhip in Middlel'ex co. Maf-
fachurelt»,50 miles N W from UoUon, con-
taining 1)41 inhabitants.
AJL^utiiey, or Afuaitiiey, a mountain in
Vermont, beinjf partly in the townlliips of
Windlor -md Wcathcrbficld. It is 3031
feet above ti>c rc:i, and 1733, above hijjh
water in Conne»5licut River, wluchgUdea
l>y its E (idc.
Ajhe, a county of N. Carolina, Morgan
diftrii't, containinjj 1783 inhabitants, 85
of them are (laves. The courtRoul'e, where
a poll olKce is kept, is 473 miles fnnn
Wafliington.
Afijxcli!, a towniliip in Ilampfliire co.
Mallachufctts, about 15 miles N W of
Northampton, and i ao from BoAon, con-
taining 1741 inhabitants.
Afiford, a port town in Windham co.
Connetfkicut, incorporated in 1710, 38
miles northeaftcrly from Hartford.
AJhford, Nciv, a townfliip in Bcrkfhire
CO. Mafl'acJiufctts, fouth of and adjoining
WiUiamdown, and has 390 inhabit, ts.
AJhmot, the principal harbour m Ifle
Madame, which is dependent on Cape
Breton. See Breton Cape.
AJhueht, or AJbtvillet, a fmall river, hav-
ing a number of branches, whole moft dil-
tant ftturce is at the N end of the Sunapee
Mountains, N. Haniplliire. It runs fouth
wefterly through part of Chefliire county.
Below Winchefter it runs W by N. and
empties into Conncifticut R. at Hinfdale.
AJhvilley a poft town in Buncombe co.
N. Carolina, 549 miles from Wafliington.
Afpotagoen Alountain. This high land
lies on the promontorj 'h.^t feparates Ma-
hone from Margaret's bay, in the coaftof
Nova Scotia. It is fccn at a gre^t diftance
from the offing, and is the land generally
made by the fliips bound from Europe and
the W. Indies to Halifax. The fummit is
about 500 feet ab(\vc the level of the ica.
AJfabet, a rivulet which rifcs'in Grafton,
Worcefter co. Maflachufetts, and runs N
E into Merrimack River.
JtJfinfpn'.vaU^ a lake wtAward of ChriA'
tianaux Lake, and through whii.h itk wa-
ters nm into Albany Kiver, iu New Uouth
j Wales.
AJJ'ii'ihtih, or AJfnibieh, a river and l;iko
in the N W part ol N. Ame'ica. '1 he riser
is laid to rile in ilie Mountain ot bright
I .Stones, runs N 1'. into i.akc Winl[)ie, in N
I lat. ji^ W Ion. 106, 47 mile* from the
1 mouth of Winniidc rivir, 30 miles f .» m
I the lake it divides into two branohcit. ht
I waters U'e inhabited by the Algonquin
! and Nadowalis tribes, wiio arein periiCin-
al warfare, iievend other tribes are louiid
here. 'I'he lake is placed in loiuc maps in
the jad dcg. of N lat. and 961I1 of \V Ion.
It has communication with C'luiRianaux
Lake, on the eadward, \vlii< \\ lends its
waters to James B.iy. 'I'his lake by tlie
Indians is called AlLbiiiifi,w grcil water ;
is faid to be 600 leagues in circunilercnce,
and ccmtatns ibmany ill.tnds that it is fic-
qiiently called the lake of illands. Ac-
cording to I'ather Charlevoix, Bourbon
river takes its rile from this lake.
Ajfinols, a nation of Indians inhabiting
the forells of Cai' ida.
AJfiimpt'tonyVtW cpifc?opal city, in the prov-
ince of Paraguay, in the E diviiion of Far-
apuay or La I'lata in S. America. It flandt
on the eaflern bank of a river of Its name,
a little above the place where the I'icol-
maga falls into it ; having Villa Rica on
the N and La Plata on the S, and is nearer
the fouthcrn, than the Pacific ocean ; but
not far from the middle of that part of the
continent. It was built by the Spaniard^
in 1538, and is reniarkable for its healthy
iituation, as well as for the number of it»
inhabit.ants, and tlie rich and fruitful ter-
ritory in which it ftands ; which produces
a great variety of native and exotic fruits,
in the highcfl pcrfctTlion. Here arc feve-
ral hundred Spanlllx families, ilelcendants
of the flower of tlie gentry, who fettled in
this place ; while the drc;»s of their coun-
trymen removed to t;tlier parts. There
are likewife a ninnbcr of Mehi.Tos and
Mulattoes. The city lies about 50 league*
above the conHucnce of the Parnn^uaj and
Parana, where the former begins to he
called the River de la Plata. Near the
city is a lake, noted tor having in the mid-
dle of it a rock, which flioots up to a pro-
digious hei;^ht like an obelilk. Lat. 20 t^
Ion. 5 7 40 W.
AJlch'ikoiirJ^i., a va(l like in New Erii.-.in,
abounding \;\\X\ whales, and fuppofed lo
cominunicale with the Northern Sea.
Afj!..:::, a pcft town in Luzerne co.
Pennfvlvauia,
'^A.
Ml
^'i!
m
ml
i'f 13
ATH
Pwnfylrania, 350 miles from Wafliington.
Atacama, or Attacama, a town, harbour,
province, and jurifdi<5lit)n in Peru in S. A-
luerica, I40 leagues from 1 -a Plata ; fertile,
and remarkable for the iiHi calL-d Tolo,
\ Ith which it carries on a great trade with
the inland provinces. This province di-
vides th€ kingdom of Piiru from that of
Chili, There is a great delert of tlie fame
name, and a chain of mountaine ^yhich fep-
arate Peru on the N from the province of
Quito. On thefe mountains the coid is fo
■violent,that pafTengers are Ibinetimes froz-
«n to death. Lat. zz S, Ion So 20 W.
Atch'r Koiintpi, a lake in Labrador, which
fends itf waters foutherly into St. Law-
rence R. through a connefled chain of
imall lakes.
Athapiifcotv Ixile^ a large piece of water
in N.America. Its fouthern end is about
lat. 60 .^o N, its northweft part is about
lat. 64 N. It extends from Ion. 119 to
531 W. It I'ei fomewhat in the form of a
crefcent, the concave part being to the
N. The Indians fay the lake is \ 20 leagues
from E to W, and ao from N to S. It has
plenty of fifli, and niauv iflands covered
with pine, birch and poplar trees, inhab-
ited by Indian deer. The Athapufcow
Indians refide in this vicinity, in the moft
forlorn paganifm. They are entirely def-
titute of that benevolent and pure moral-
ity taught in th" bible. They cohabit
with their own f...ers, daughters and mo-
thers. After living in this flate with their
daughters they refign them up to their
fons. Hearne.
Ath.: '^itfcoit', a river which enters the
above lake from the S. It is a large Ilream,
3 miles wide.
Athens, a townfliip in Windham ccVer?
mont, 31 miles N E from Bennington, and
about 6 W from Connecticut R. having
450 inhabitants. Sextons R. which rifes
in Londonderry, pafTes S E by Athens in-
to the townlhip of Welhninfter toConn.R,
Athfiis, a port town in Luzerne co.
Pcnufylvania, 3,50 miles from Wafliington.
Athens, a pod town in Clark co. Georgia,
664 miles from Wafliington.
Aihol, a poft town in Worcefler co.
Ma.lachufetts, with 993 inhabitants, 35
miles N W from Worceftcr, and 80 from
Bofton. A medicinal fpring famed for its
many v>rtues, iffues out of a High bank on
^lillcr's River, 20 feet above the furface
of I lie river.
Atiii'fr.ti, a tov.rn{hip in Rockin-Oiam co.
K. Unmpfliirc, incorporated in 1767, 474
iiihabit,int«. It is 30 miles from Portf-
moiuh, and has an academy \vl'.!ch wss
AUG
founded in 1789, by the Hotj. N. Peabody^'
who endowed it with 1000 acres of land.
In this townfliip is a large meadow where-?
in is an iiiand of 6 or 7 acres, which was
formerly loaded with valuable pine timber
and other foreft wood. When the meadow
is overflowed, i)y means of an artificial
daiii, this ifland rifes with the water, which
is fometimes 6 feet. In a pond in the mid-
dle of the illand, there have been filh,
whicii.when the meadow has been over-
flowed Lave appeared there, when the
water ha;i been drawn ofF, and the ifland
fettled to if s ufual place. The pond is novr
ahnod covered with verdure. In it a pole
50 feet long has difappeared, without
finding bottom
Atoyaque, a deep and larg«' river in Mex-
ico, or New Spaia. On it is the famoui
natural bridge, called Ponti di Dw, 100
miles S E of Mexico, pvey which carriagcv
conveniently pafs
Atrato, a confiderable river which run*
into the Gulf of Mexico, near Carthagcna.
Atfioii, a poft town in Burlingtoaco. N
Jerfey, 1 75 miles from Wafliington.
Aitldorouc-h, a poft town in Briftol ca.
MaO'a. 36 miles foutherly of Bofton, and 9
N of Providence, containing 2480 fouls.
Attvood's Key, a fmall ifland furrounded,
by rocks, 12 miles N E from Crooked I.
and 50 eaftward from Yuma, or Long I. one
of the Bahamas. N lat. 23 28, W. Ion. 73.
Angiijla, a poft and iliire town in Ken-,
aebec co. Maine. It has a congregational
meeting ho^fe, court houfc and gaol, and
is pleafontly lituatcd on each fide the Ken-:
nebcc. A noble bridge connev?' the 2 part*
of the town. It is the head of navigation.
Augi^a Co. in Virginia, is divided from
Albemarle and Amherft by the Blue
Ridge. It has Rockingliam on the N E
and Rockbridge on the S W. '1 he foil it.
fertile. It has 9756 free inhabitants, and
i946iJav^s. It is a hilly CO. The inhab-
itants cultivat£ wheat, oats, rye, corn, flax
ajd hemp. Chief town, Staunton.
Av^vfa, a poft town, lituatcd on a fine
plain in Richmond co. Georgia, on the S
W bank of Savannah R. where it is near
500 yards broad, at thp bend of the river,
127 niileo N W from Savannah by land,
540 by water. It contains 1198 white
people, ^nd 1017 flaves. It is 596 miles
from Wafliington. At the firft fettlement
of the colony. Gen. Oglethorpe eredled a
fort hero, for protvclir.^ the Indian trade,
and holding treaties with the natives. In
1739, about <>oo people feparated thcm-
felves from the lUiiritime fettlements, and
removed to its neighbourhood w carry on
a peltiy
ill
AUR
A XA
3 peltry trade with the Indians. The conn-
try round it has an excellent foil, which,
withit8centrairituation,bet-vveentheiipper
and lower countries, will bring it fait into
importance. It contains about 250 dwell-
ings. The public buildings are a church,
ail academy and governmeut houfe, a
market houCs, gaol and court houfe. The
ftreets crofs each otiicr at right an'/les.
In the academy are generally 80 or 90
Audcnts ; the funds amount to feveral
thoufand dollars. A bridge acrofs the
Savanna here is 19 feet wide, 7 or 800
feet long. It is a place of confiderable
trade. M lat. 3;? 19, W Ion. 80 46.
Au^iijlinei, St. a port and river on the
coaft of I^abrador, near the ftraits of Bell-
i(le and oppofite St. John's Bay,Newfound-
land. Tliere are two fmall idands in the
harbour, and about 1 miles S W runs a
chain of little iflands, called St. Auvufline'i
Chain ; the outermoll of which i» a re-
markable fmooth rock. It is about 25
miles from Great Mecatlna I. N lat. jt
10, W Ion. 58 50.
Awriijiincs Hquare, St. a number of fmail
Iflands on the coaft of I^abrador, in the
gulf of St. Lawrence, the largeft of which
are from Shecatica Bay on the N E to Out-
er I, S W, viz. Large, Sandy, and Outer
iflands Thefe are near the mouth of the
St. Lawrence.
Augiiflins, St. the capital of E Florida, is
fituated on the fca coaft, about 80 leagues
from the mouth of the gulf of Florida, 1 So
miles E from St. Mark's, and 316 S VV
from Charlefton in S. Carolina. It is of an
oblong figure, and interfedkcd by 4 ftreets,
wliich cut each other at right angles. I'he
town is fortified, has been imder difterent
mafters, and now belongs to Spain. It has
a church and mcmaftery of the ordei- of
its name. The breakers at the entrance
of the harbour have formed two channels,
trhofe bars have 8 feet water each. N lat.
30, W Ion. 81 io.
Au^ujline, Cape St. on the coaft of Brazil,
•n the Atlantic Ocean, 300 miles N E
from the bay of All Souls, lat. 8 30 S,lon.
3S 40, W.
Aiirean Academy, in Amherft, N. Hamp-
fliire.
Aurel'tus, a poft town in N. York, Cayu-
ga CO. on Owafco I4, 9 miles E of the ferry
on Cayuaga L. 33 ii inhabitants, 448 miles
from Wafliington.
Aurora, an idand belonging to the Ar-
chipelago of the Great Cyclades, x ? 8 S
lat. and 165 58 E Ion. from Paris, difcov-
tf«d by Bouga.nville, May sad, 1768. It
||i<; about ^o Icagiies long aad a broii^.'
I Its caftcrn lliore is ftet'p, and covered with
wood. Lat. 44 54 N, Ion. 168 24 E.
Aiinrn-v'ilh, a poft town in Wythe co.
Virginia, 3()6 miles from Wafliington.
A-va'r.n, a peninl'ula at the S E corner
oftheifiand of Newfoundland, which if ;
joined to the illand by a narrow neck of
land, tiiat has Pl.KCutia 2ay on the S and
Trinity Bay on the N. "I'lie E part of
this pcninfula is encompafteJ by the
Great Bank, and has, befide the two for-
mer bays, the bay of Conception on the
N. and the bay of St. Mary's and Trepaf-
fy bay on the S. It contains feveral ex-
cellent harbours, bays and capes, among,
which are St. Mail's, Pme, Raci, Bal-
lard, St. Franci.s, fic.
A-uaiicay, a jurifdiAion fubjccT: to thtf
bifliop of Gufco, and lies 4 leagues N C
of that city. It abounds in fugar cancsy
fruits and corn.
Aiieril, a townfliip in Eflcx co. Vcr*
moT(t, near the N E corner of the State ;
its N corner is on the Canada line.
Ai'i-ry's bnrn\ a poft town in Cumberland
CO. N. Carolin.i, on the E bank of Cape
Kear river, above Fayetville, 329 mile*
from Wafliington.
Ai'fs, or B'ir,Vs Ijhiid, in the '^eft Indies,
fituated in N lat. 15 30, W Ion. 63 i.v
named fo from the great number of bird'*
that breed there, yet is without a tree,
which obliges them to lay their eggs in the
land. A flioal runi hence to the iflandg
of Saba, St. Euftati"i, and St. Chriftophers ;
which is about a leagues broad, and from
10 to ao fathom foundings. It has a gooj
harbour for careening vcirsls. There i»
another ifland of this name, anumg thff
Little Antilles, between the coaft of Su
jago de Letm, in Terra Firma, and tlir
illand ol" Bonaive, and a third near tlui
eaftern coaft of NeAvfoundland, lat. 50 5 N.
Ai'iufi la Pcnen, a town in the Wfftcru
part of the kingdom of Leon, in N. Ame-
rica, between two of the head branches o£
NafHis River.
Arnni a river of Nova Scotia, wln'.ft
empties into the Atlanti: Ocean a Mttlir
caftward of Halifax. It is navigable at
far as Fort lidv.-.ird for veflels of 40c ton?,
and for vefTels of 60 tons z miles h-^'htr.
A river called St. Croix runs into the .A.-
von,whofe fcmrce is in lakes and iprings,
about 7 miles fniin itrt entrance, where it
is crofTcd by a bridge on the road lca<lin(r
to Wiiidfor It is navigable for veiiVls o*"
60 tons 3 inile9,and for h'rge boats 7 miles.
Axos, a towu io the iuterior part of
i Mljil
m
BAG
Nfiw Albion, In N lat. 39 5, W Ion. 114
20. See Q:iiV!ri:,
ylv.'/mh, an Indian tribe In Florifl.i.
ylvcr/fiwi, or AvrJl'Kvn, III Burlington co.
N. Jer'.'ey, lies ort the mii'.illc branch of An-
cocus Creek, 13 miles S p;ifterlyl'roin Bur-
lington, Hnd 5 S of Mt. Holly.
^v'v.-rni.-.r, a jiirifdiillion ill Peru; fiib-
je£l to the billiop of Ciifco, 40 lea,<;iics S
\V of tliat city. It abounds in l'iiy;ars,
cattle, corn, and mines of jjold and iilver ;
tvhich laft .ore for themoft part ne^leti^ed,
at it is but thinly inhabited.
Azuca, or Azua,3i little town in the ill-
and of St. Domingo, on tlie ionthern lide,
at the bottom of a deep bay.
B.
B
*AAL's River, and B.'y, in Weft Green-
land, lieljetween Bear Sotmd on the S E,
and Delft's Point on the N W, and oppo-
fite tlic mouth of Hndfon's Strait.
Bnlia/'nyOf-A village and ciiftom houi'e on
G'.iayquil River, in Peru, being the I;>nd-
£ng place from the city of Guayiujiiill.
Here the merchandil'e from Peru and
Terra Firma, and their refneiSbive prov-
inces, are landed.
BuLnpns, a town in the interior parts of
New Albion, caftward of the long range
of moimtains which extend northward
from the liead of the poninfulaof Califor-
ni.-u N lat 37 45, \V ion. 114 25.
B.nk Rivrr. See Baltimore Counts'.
Btieza, the chief town of the diftri(5l of
Qiiixos, in the province of Quito, in Peru,
and the refidcnce of the governor. It was
built in 1559 by Don Rameiro d'Avilos.
The chief manufa<£l:ure here is cotton
cloth.
Bjffi''''fBi7y,K the largeft and nioft north-
ern gulf, or bay, that has yet been difcov-
cred in N yXmcrica ; and lies between the
70th and 80th degrees of N lat. It opens
into the Atlantic ocean through Ballin's
and Davis's flraits, between Cape Chldlev
on the Labrador coaft.and Cape Farewell
on that of Weil Greenland; both of which
are in about the 60th degree of N lat. It
abounds with whales; and on the S W
lide of Davis's ftraits h.as a communication
with Hudi'on's Bav, througii a clufter of
illands. It was difcovered by the naviga-
tor whofe name it bears, in the year i66i.
Some maps fbew a conimnnication with
Hudfon's Bay, in the 70th degree of N
lat. and in the 70th of W" Ion.
Bi7tr.it/uce Point, a head land within Pc-
■obicnt Bay, in Maine.
BAH
B.7/j.j.-!ij Clanticl. Sec Gu!/ if Florida an<J
Bahr.m.i IJliin'.u
B.iinnui TJl in'is, in the W. Indies, called
by the Spaniards I.ucayos, comprehend
under this denomination all the i!lands,iii
general, which -'.re to the N of Cuba and
St. Domingo. The firft diicovery of the
New World, by Columbus, began Oiitober
ji II, T492, Ht Guan;!!iani, or Cats Jlland, one
of the Baiiamas. 'I'hey were then full of
people ; who were fimplc, mild, and lived
happy in the midft of plenty, 'ihefe un-
fortunate i)e()pK' weic ttanfported to the
mines of St. Domingo, after the cruei
Spaniards had exterminated the numerous
inhabitants of that large ifland ; 14 years
after the diicovery of thefe iflands, not
one perfon remained in any of the Baha-
mas At this time Charles II. grn;i?ed the
Bahamas to the proprietors of Carolina.
They fent feveral governors, and built
the town of NatTau, which is now the feat
of government in the I. of Providence.
The ifland of Providence afterwards be-
came an harbour for pirates, v.ho, for a
long time, infcfted the American naviga-
tion.' In T718, Ci'.pt. Woods Rogers wns
fent to dillodgc the pirates, and form a
lettlement This the captain efFedlred ;
and the iflands have been improving fince
by a flow progrefs. In time of war, the
people gain confidemhly by the prize*
condemned tlierc ; .and in the courfe t)f
the lata war between G. Brit.ain and
France, numbers of American veflels, car-
rying provifions and ftores to French ports,
were carried here and condemned ; and at
all times tliev profit by the wrecks which
are frequent in this labyrinth of rocks and
flioals. The Spaniards and Ameri^ntf
captured thefe illands during the Ameri-
can war ; but they Avere retaken April 7,
1783. The Bahamas are faid to be 500
in number; fome of them only rocks,
others verv low and narrow, or little fpot»
of land on a level with the wat<'r's edge ;
but I '. of them are large and fertile, fom.e
indeed rockv and barren Five of them
only are iniiabiled, viz ProviJi'na; Har-
bour, Elcutieii'. Ca!, and Txuma ; Turk'.t
iflands have about .?oo men in the f.Jt
feaibn, but at other times half of them re-
turn to Bermuda. The principal ifland
which has given its name to the whole
clufter is C,ycat Bahamn, in the Kortlern
Bank, called the JJtlh Bank if Bahama,
whofc lituation is E and W about 20
leagues from the coaft of Florida. At a
little diftancc to tiie E is I.ucannrque, of
nearly the lame fizo, whof« fituation is N
and
BAH
BAK
and S. To the N of both is Lucayo, which
lies E and W. A channel of 8 or lo
leagues feparates the Little Bank, from
the Great Bank, in which is Providence J.
with the great iflatid of Alaiajler, which
has Harbor I. on the N Cape. Andios ifl-
ands are on the S W of Providence, which
take up a fpace of 30 leagues long, and 5
broad. Towards the S E are Stocking,
Exuma, and Tuma, or Long Ifland. Gmi-
nabani. Or Cats I the firft difcovered in
America, lies E of the Great Bank, and is
feparatcd from it by Etuma Sound. The
climate of the.^e ilTands is temperate and
the air healthy. On the coafts is found
ambergrifc ; and the inliabitants catch
great qukntities of green tui tie,
ly article cultivated for ex^^
cotton; of which the mediu^i
X500 bags of 1 cwt. each. In '%!
were 4joo acres in cotton
1786, and 1787, which were favw
?'ears, each acre produced about 11
t is very liable to be deftroyed by the
worms ; between September and March,
1788, no lefs than a8o tons were deftroy-
ed. Thefe iflands aUb produce a great
quantity of dying woods, and fomc lig-
numvitse and mahogany ; and lie between
«» and 47, N lat. and 73 and 81, W Ion.
In 1773, there were 2054 white, and
2241 black, inhabitants ; but of late years
there has been a confiderable emigration
from North America, fo that the precife
number cannot be given.
Bahama, the chief of the Bahama ifl-
ands, is about 20 leagues from the coaft of
Florida, and about 10 W from the ifland
of Lucayo. It is about 28 leagues long
and 3 broad, is very fruitful, has a ferene
air, and is watered with multitudes of
fprings and brooks. It formerly produc-
ed great quantities of faflafras, farfaparil-
la and redwood, which were all deftroyed
by the Spaniards. Its chief ^roduce, now,
is cotton, Indian wheat, fowls, and a par-
ticular kind of tabbits ; they have fup-
plies of other provifions from the conti-
nent. Their chief commerce confifts in
fumifhing with provifions, fuch {hips as
are driven in here by bad weather. It is
fituated on the fand bank, called Little
Bahama Bank, which extends northward
60 miles. The Strait of Bahama, or Gulf
«f Florida, lies between the coaft of Florida
and this ifland. The Spaniflv fliips from
the Havannah homeward, arc obliged to
wait an opportunity to gafs this ftrait ; and
the ftrait is 16 leagues broad, and 45 long.
Biihia, or Bay, fometimes applied to St.
Salvador*, the capital of Brazil, and to
Yot. I. D
the Bay of All Saints, in which captain-
(hip it IS fituated.
Bahia IJondu, a.hay on the northern fu\a
of theG.ofCuba. The bay has 10 to 15 fath-
oms of watcr.the entrance into the harbour
and an anchorage in 4 and 5 fathoms. The
entrance lies in Nlat. 23 26, W Ion. 83 25.
Bahia de Cbeiumd, called by the Eritifli
Hanover Hay, lies on the E fide of the
peninfula of Yucatan in the fea of Hon-
duras, and into which falls Honde R. It
has the Logwood Country on the S. At
its mouth are two large illands and a num-
ber of ifloti. The largeft ifland is Ani-
bergrife Key, which runs along the mouth
of the bay, and is 70 miles long.
Bairdjloivii, or Bcardjio-^vn, a poft town i.i
Nelfon CO. Kentucky, is a flcuriniing place
of 579 inhabit;'.nts, fituated on the hc:ul
waters of Salt river, 50 miles S E from
Louifville, 619 from Wafliingtt'n.
Bakers Fulls in Hudl'on river, r.t the
bend, i mile above Fort Edward, deferve
the notice of travellers.
Bakersjield, a town in Franklin co. Ver-
mont. It has 22Z inhabitants, jo miles
N E of Burhngton.
Baker's JJland, is about three eights of a
mile long, lying to the S \V of Cape Ann,
off'Salem harbour, Maflachui'etts ; on the
N end of which a light houfe was crecfled
in 1797, with two lights about 40 feet
from each other, ranging N W \ W, and
S Ei E, the S light 95 feet from the wa-
ter, the N light 78 feet. Veflcls inwaul
bound and falling in v.ith Cape Ann, may
obferve tlie following diredlions, w's.
When abreaft of Cape Ann Lights, bear-
ing N N W about a miles diftance, fteor
W S W about 3 leagues, which brings
them up with the Eaftern point of Cape
Ann, then fteer W by S 7^ miles, which
brings them up with the Lights on Baker's
Ifland. Ships bound to Salem and falling
to the fouthward in Bofton bay, and
running for the Lights, when making the
Lights, they muft keep the North, and
loweft Light, open to the eaftward of the
finithcrn Light, and run for them, which
will carry them to th« eaftward and clear
of the South Breaker of Baker's Ifland,
which bears from the IJghts, S E by S, 1
mile and a half diftance. Vcflels bound
to Salem, having made the Lights with a
wefterly wind, in beating up, muft not
ftand to the fouthward and weftward,
further than to fliut one Light in with
the other, on account of the South Break-
er, nor to the northward further than to
bring the Lij'.hts to bear W by S \ S, on
acc^junt of Gale's Ledge, which bt.us
i
[11
B AL
BAL
from the Lights, N E | E, i mile and three
quarters cUftance. In going into Salem
and being up with the Lights, give Ba-
kcr'« Ifland a birth of one quarter mile or
Icfs, then ftecr VV by N and you will pafs
the Mifcry Ifland, leaving it on your ftar-
faonrd hand, which bears from the Lights,
N W-J N diftance 4-5 of a mile, continue
your courfe \V by N 1 milcj^nd a half,
then you have pafied JBowditch's Ledge,
leaving it on your hrboard hand, where
any urangcr may anchor in fafety, in
about s fathom water, good anchoring
ground. But, if you choofe to proceed
into Salem Harbour, tJ.en Ilcer W until
abrcad of the Hafte, which you will leave
on your larboard hand, about a half a mile
diftance, then fleer S W by W, which will
<arry you into Salem Harbour. N. B. Ead-
*rn Point bears from Baker's lihind Lights,
E by N 4 N, y^ milea dilbince. Half
Way Rock bears from the Lights, S one
quarter E, 3^ miles diftance: Harding's
Rocks, bear from the Lights W, ^ N, dif-
tance half a mile.
Balclutha, a fettlement in the eaftem-
moft part of Kentucky, on the W fide of
Big Sandy River. Near tliis is Clay Lick,
and about a mile S £ Hands Vancouver's
Fort, on the point of land formed by the
fork of the Big Sand j.
Bald Ea^h, or Warrior MFoimiairu, lie
about 200 miJes W of Philadelphia, in
Bedford ca Pen'ofylvania, and forms the
weftern boundary of Bald Eagle Valley.
Bald Eagle is likewife the name of a river
which runs a N £ courfe 44 miles, and
falls into the W branch of Sufquehannah
River. The head water of Huron River
wliich falls into Lake Erie, is called Bald
Eagle Creek.
Bald Eagle P^alley, or, as it is commonly
called, Sinllng Spring Valley, lies upon the
frontiers of Bedford co in Pennfylvania,
about 400 miles N N W from Philadel-
phia. It has on the E a chain of high,
rugged mountains, called the Canoe Ridge,
and on the W, the Bald Eagle, or Warrior
Mountains. This is a pleafant vale, of
limedone bottom, 5 miles in extent where
wideft ; and in the vicinity are great
quantities of lead or& It contained, in
1779, about 60 or 70 families, living in
log houfes, who formed, in the fpace of
7 or 8 years, feveral valuable plantations
fome of which are remarkably agreeable
on account of their iituation. In the Au-
tumn of 1799, the yellow fever proven
mortal to a number of the inhabitants
During the late war with Great Britain,
Uad was much wanted, and very difficult
to he procured, which induced a ccta*
pany under the promifes of the State, to
fettle here, and eftablirti a regular fet of
works. A fort of logs was ereitcd for
the protstflion of the miners ; and a con*
fiderable quantity of ore was produced,
from which lead enough was made, to
give a competent idea of the real value of
the mines in general. The danger of the
fituation, however, while an Indi.m war
continued, occafioned the failure of the
undertaking. The lead ore was of many
kinds; fome in broad flakes, and others
of the fteely texture! Several regular
fliafts were funk to a confiderablc depth ;
one of which was on the hill, upon which
the fort ^ya» ere(Sled, and from wliich ma-
ny Ja^g' 'malTes of ore were procured ;
but^j^'^l&ning a reg-Jar vein, it was
difdojAmwa, and another opened about a
mifc -ifprni thi» f?::, nearer to Frank's
Ti^tftii H. re the miners continued until
thlji'. fin- ily relinquifhed the bufmefs.
V* nen they firft began, they found in the
upper furface or vegetable earth, feveral
hundred weight of cubic lead ore, clean
and unmixed with any fubftance whatev-
er, which continued as a clue, leading
them down through the diiTerent ftrata of
earth, marl, &c. until they came to the
rock, which is here in general of the lime-
ftone kind. Among other curioiities of
tlu's place, isthat called tbi Stvallows,wh,\ch
abforb feveral of the lai-geft dreams of the
valley, and after conveying them feveral
miles under ground, ia a fubterraneous
courfe, return them again upon the fur >
face. Thefe fubterraneous pafTages liave
given rife to the name, Siniing Spring Val-
ley. Of thcfe the moft remarkable is callv
ed the Arch Springs, and ran dofe upon the
road from the town to the fort. It is a
deep hoUow, formed in the limeftone
rock, about 30 feet wide, with a rude nat-
ural ftone arch hanging over it, forming a
paflage for the w ater, which it throws out
with fome degree of violence, and in fuch
plenty as to form a fine ftream, which at
length buries itfelf again in the bowels of
the earth. Some of thefe pits are near
300 feet deep; the water at the bottom
feems in rapid motion ; and is apparently
18 black as ink ; though it is as pure .as
the fmeft fprings can produce. Many of
t'.iefe pits ;u:e placed along the courfe of
this fubterraneous river, which foon after
fakes an opportunity of an opening at a
declivity of the ground, and keeps along
fhe furface among the rocky hills for a
e V rods, then enters the mouth of a large
cave, whofe exterior aperture would be
fufEcient
BAL
B AL
fudiclcnt to admit a fliallop with her fa\ls
full fpread. In the infide it keeps from
i8 to ao feet wide. The roof declines
as you advance, and a ledge of loofe, rug-
ged rocksi keeps in tolerable order, on one
fide, affording means to fcramble along.
In the midft of this cave is much timber
bodies of trees, branches, &c. which be-
ing lodged up to the roof of this palTage,
/hews that the water is fwellcd up to the
very top duriag frcfliets. This opening
in the hill continues about 400 yards,
when the cave widens, after you have got
round a fudden turning (which prevents
its being difcovcred till you are within it)
into a fpacious. room, at the bottom of
which is a vortex, the water that falls in-
to it whirling round with amazing force;
flicks, or even pieces of timber, are imme-
diately abforbed, and carried out of fight,
the water boiling up with exceHive vio-
lence, which fubfides by degrees, until the
experiment is renewed. From the top of
the Bald. Eagle Mountains is a fine prof-
pedk of the Alleghany.ftrotching ;dong un-
til they- feem to meet the clouds. Much
flate is found here, with ftrong figns of pit
coal. Such as viiit thefe parts muft crofs
thejuniatta river 3 or 4 tiines, from Stand-
ing Stone or Huntington, to the fort ;
from which it is computed to.be about 2;i
miles difiance.
Bald Mountahu. See 'Tenejfee,
Bald Head, at the mouth of Cape Fear
River, N. Carolina, is at the S W end of
Smith's I. and with Oak I. forms the main
entrance into the river. The light houfe,
which was eredted here in Dec. 1794,
bears 4 miles N N W from the point of
Cape Fear, and 24 miles N W by N, from
the extremity of the Frying Pan (hoals.
Bald Head makes the S W part of what
is called Wells Bay, in the DiftriA of
Maine. Between Cape Neddick harbour
on the S S W, and Wells Bay are feveral
coves, where fmall veflels in a fmooth
time, apd with a wefterly wind, haul
afhore, an4 arc loaded with wood in the
courfe of a tide, with eafe and fafety.
Baldivia, Or fa/dhia, a feaport town in
tlie province of Chili Proper, in the king-
dom of Chili, S. Americ:^. It was built by
tlie Spanifli General Baldivia, about the
year 1551, and (lands between the rivers
Callacalles and Portero, where they fall
into the S. Sea.' In the year 1559, the
Chilefe chafed the Spaniards from this
fcttlement, burned the town, and. put the
inhabitants to the fvvord ; pouring melted
gold down the governor 'a throat when
alive, and afterwards ufed his (kull for a
cup to drink in. There are many gold
mines here, and the Spaniards have foxtif
Red the place ftrongly, as it is fuppofcd to
be the key of the S. i>eas. The v, hitcs of
Peru and Chili, banished for their crime*,
are fent hither to fupport the fortifica-
tions. The Dutch made themfclves maf-
ters of it in 1643 ; but were forced to a-
bandon it, leaving all their cannon, 30 or
40 pieces, b.iggage and Aorcs ; on advice
that fuccours were arriving to oppofe
them from Peru. The viceroy fend»
30,000 crowns a year, to fupport the gar-
rifon. There are great rains here during
3 months of the year. Slat. 3a 38, W
ion. 73 lo. Baldivia is alfo the name of
a river in Chili.
Bidizt, Old and Neiv, 10.5 miles below
New Orleans, were formerly inconfidera-
blc pofls, at the mouths of the Miflifippi,
with 3 or 4 cannon in each, and garriion-
ed by a fubaltern's command. They ap-
pear to have been eftabliflied for the pur-
pofes of aflifting veflels, coming into the
river, and forwarding intt^.igence to New
Orleans. They are fo fituated as not to
defend the entrance into the river, not be-
ing fufficiently near its deeped channel.
With a fair wind the voyage from the
Balize to New Orleans 105 miles, is per-
formed in 3 or 4 days, commonly in,? or
8 days. Eutehint.
Ballfze, Baltlze, or Wallh, z. river in the
peninfula of Yucatan, New Spain, which
runs northeaderly above 200 miles, and
empties into the bay of Honduras, oppo-
fite the N.end of TumefT^ Itfend. Bv the
treaty of peace iii 1783, it is agreed that
Britiih fubjedls fhall have theright of cut-
ting and carrj'ing away logwood in the
diftrift lying between this river and t^it
of Rio Honde,onthe N, which fall? . .0
Hanover Bay* The courfe of the river* .
are to be the unalterable boundaries.
Balltown, a port town in Saratoga c6.
N. York, and has 2099 inhabitants. It lie»
27 miles N N W of Albany, has a Prelby-
terian meeting houfe, and is in a thriving
ftate ; 428 miles from Wafliington. The
medicinal waters called Ballto-wn Springs,
from their being found within the limits ^
of tliis town, are of great celebrity, both
on account of their healing virtue, and
the fuperior accommodations found near
them for valetudinarians. They are fitu- •
ated about 12 miles W of Still W.iter ; 14
from that part of the banks of the Hud-
fon famous for the vidory of Gen. Gates -
over Cen.Burgoyne ; 30 N of Albany ; 30
So£
ill!
m
m
i'i 't\
BAL
B AL
J
■iili ill
S of Lake George, and 190 above the citjr
of N. York. T-ie fprings are found in
the bottom of a valloy, or excavation,
forming a kind of bafon of about 50 acres
in extent. The woods are pretty well
cleared near the fprings. There are feve-
ral large houles for entertainment, with
neat bathing houfes, and fliower baths for
the convenience of invalids. The largeft
fpring belongs to the public. Sir William
Johnlon made this obfervation, when he
fold this tra<rt of land to private. individu-
als : " In tracing the hiftoryof thefe medi-
cinal fprings, I could only learn that an
Indian chief difcovered them to a fick
French officer in the enrly part of their
wars with the Engltiii. But whether they
were thefe very fprings in this bafon, or
thofe at 10 miles diftance, properly called
the Saratoga Springs, I know not " The
foil for half a dozen miles in fome di-
redkions round this place, is poor and
fandy, producing little elfc than pine trees,
flirub oaks, fern, and muUen. In the hills
in the vicinity, ores have been found, ef-
pecially irgo and copper, or rather what
the mineralogifts call Jirruginous and capre-
vut pyrites. The valley of BaUtown and
its environs may be made an enchanting
fpot, equal, nay, fuperior in fome rcfpe<Ss
to any of the wateri ig places in Kurope.
The Kayaderaflbras liver, which is about
to yards wide, gives feveral hints to the
man of taftc, to turn its waters to the ufe
and beauty of tUe future town,which thefe
medicinal fprings will one day raife in this
place. I'he medicinal waters which have
made this fpot fo famous of late, are re-
markably limpid, confidering they con-
t;un iron, a mineral alkali, common fall, and
lime. They are briik and fparkling like
champaigne. In drinking they afFecl the
nofe and palate like bottled cider, and
flightly affeiSl the head of fome people,
by their inebriating quality. They de-
rive this exhilirating quality from what
Dr. Prieftly cs\lifxed air, and is that an-
imating fomething which gives a<SUvity
to yeaft, and life to malt liquors. It is>
ufed in the neighbourhood of the fprings,
inftead of yeaft in rr.aking bread ; and
makes it rife more fpeedily and eftedtual-
ly th.m any oiher ferment in ordinary ufe.
Horfes drink thefe waters with avidity.
The ignorant country people fee, with af-
tonifhmcnt, that a candle will not burn
near the furface of thefe waters. Fifli and
frog^ are killed in a few minutes, and
j<eefeand ducks can only fwim in them a
few minutes before they expire. Thcl'e
waters arc apt to burft bottles, when cork*
ed in very warm weather, efpecially dur-
ing a thunder ftorm ; but with care may
be tranfported in bottles to any diftance.
They boil with a very moderate degree
of heat ; they are neverthelels, remarka-
bly cold ; for when the mercury in Fah-
renheit's thermometer Aood at 86 in the
open air, and 79 in the brook running
near the fpring, it rtood in one of thefe
mineral fprings at 49, and in the other at
51. The firft was conflantly fccludcd
from the rays of the fun ; the lafl always
expofed without a covering. Phyfician*
feldom direift their patients to drink more
than three quarts of thefe waters in i*
hours ; but fome drink the enormous
quantity of 3 gallons, and even more, in a
day. Cold as they are they may be drunk-
en with fafety in the hotteft weather-
They increafc every natural evacuation ;
nay, they are cathartic, diuretic and fu-
dorific, at the fame time. On the firft tri-
al they are apt to difagree with many peo-
ple, they create unealinefs in the ftomach
and bowels, and caufc a heat in the glands
of the throat, until they begin to pafs off
freely by the kidneys. They then become
pleafant and operate agreeably. They
blacken the teeth and alfo the alvinc fx-
c{;s. They are deemed a fpecific in lof«
of appetite and indigeftion. They are
highly ferviceable in hypochondriac and
billious cafes, in obftru«^ions, and in the
ftone and g^ravel, and cutaneous diforders.
Their credit is not fo well eftabliflied in
the gout or rheumatifm. They are hurt-
ful in inflammatory diforders and con-
fumptions. Their ufe occafions heat in
the glands of the throat, and (lifFnefs of
the neck, and in fuch as are fubjedt to the
toothache, an aggravation of the pain.
They are & powerful and precious remedy
in the hands of the judicious, but ought
never to be ufed without the advice of a
fkilful phyfician.
Balljlo-wn, a town in Lincoln co. Maine,
containing 1859 inhabitants ; 195 miles N
Efrom Bofton, 12 N of WifcafTett.
Balttmure Co. in Maryland, lies between
Patapfco and Gunpowder rivers,theformer
dividing it from Ann Arundel co. on the S
and S W, Gunpowder and Little Gunpow-
der feparating it from Harford co. on the
K and N E. It has Frederick ro. on the
W and N W, Pennf\lvania on the N, and
Chefapeak Bay on tl!,e S E. Beiides the
rivers which bound it, and their branches,
this county has Back and Middle river*,
between the two former, but they are
rather'
BAL
BAR.
, wlien corfc^
Decially dui -
th care may
my diftaiice.
urate degree
Is, rcmarka-
:ury in Fah-
it 86 in the
)ok running
me of thcfe
the other at
ly fccluded
; la ft always
Phyfician*
' drink more
'aters in i*
'■ enormous
n more, in a
y be drunk-
ft weather.
evacuation ;
tic and fu-
the firft tri-
i many peo-
;he ftomach
a the gland*
I to pafs off
iien become-
ily. They
I alvine frc-
cific in lof*
They are
ndriac and
and in the
Isdiforders.
ibliflicd in
are hurt-
and ton-
is heat in
liffnefs of
)je(ft to the
the pain.
18 remedy
|but ought
Ivice of a
po. Maine,
\s miles N
|tt.
between
lefcrmcr
\. on the S
Junpow-
bo. on tire
|o. on the
le N, and
fides the
^ranches,
river*,
Ihey are
vather'
rather arm* of Chefapeak bay, than rlv-
trs. Back R. 4 or 5 miles E of P.Uaplco,
receives two final! (Ircams ; the N wcft-
ernmoft is called Herring Run. Middle
R. has little or 110 fupply of fredi water.
There are numerous iron works in this
county ; and it contains 59,030 inhabit-
an>s, including 9673 (laves. Its cliief town
is Baltimore.
Baltimore, a poft town in the above coun-
ty, and the largeft in the ftate of Mary-
land. It is larger than Bofton. It
is lituated on the N fide of Patapfco R. at
a fmall diftance from its juniSlion with the
Chefapeak. The entrance of the harbour
is defended by Whetftone Fort ; hardly a
piftol Ihot acrofs, and of courle may eall-
ly be defended againft naval force. From
the head of Elk R. at the head of the bay
to Baltimore, is about 60 miles. The
town is built around what is called the
bafon, reckoned one of the fineft harbours
in America. The water rifcs 5 or 6 feet
at common tides. It is divided into what
is called the town and Fell's Point, by a
creek ; over which are two bridges : but
the boufes extend, in an irregular manner,
from the one to the other. At Fell's
Point the water is deep enough for fliip^
of burden, but fmall veflels only go up to
the town. The fituation is low, and »vas
formerly thought unhealthy, but, by its
rapid increafe, improvements have taken
place, which have corre<fted the dampnefs
of the air, and it is now judged to be
healthy. In 1787,11 contained 1955 dwell-
ing houfes ; of which laoo were in the
town, and the reft at fell's Point It then
had 15a ftores. The inhabitants now are
^6,514, of whom 2843 are flaves. Before
the emigration of the French people from
Cape Frangois, and other iflands, the houf-
es had increafed to Z300. Thofe unfor-
tunate people, flying from their mercilefs
countrymen, who had burned and pillag-
fd their cities and towns, and murdered
their relations and fricm's, found here at\
hcfpitable afylum, after fulFerings hardly
paralleled in the annals of hiftory. Here
are n placen of public worfliip, which be-
long to Roman Catholics, Geunan Cal-
viiiirts and I.utherans,EpifcopaHans,Prcf-
byterians, Baptifts, Methodids, Quakers,
Nicolite'i, or New Quakers, and the difci-
pJe.s of Baron Swedcnborg, who all live
Kgether in peace. It is inhabited by peo-
ple from^moft parts of Europe. The prin-
cipal ftrcet is Market ftreet, which runs
nearly K and W a mile in length, parallel
vith the water. This i» cvofled by a num-
ber o£ other ftreets, which run from th^
water ; a number of v.hich, particularly
Calvert and Gay ftrects, are well built.
N and £ of the town, the land rifes, and
prefents a noble view of the town and bay.
In 1790, this city owned ■^^ Ihips, i fuow,
31 brigantiiies, 34 fchooners, and 9 floop«
— Total loa ; tonnage 13,564. In the be-
ginning of 1798 the fliipping amounted
to 59>837 tons. 'I'hc exports in 1790 a-
mouoted to 2,027,770, and the imports to
i>945>899 dollars. In 1798 the exports
exceeded iz,ooo,ooo dollars. Ihe aflfalrs
of the town are managed by a board of
town commillioners, a board of fpcciat
commiffioners, and « board of ward-
ens ; the firft board fills its own vacancies,
and is perpetual ; the two laft are appoint-
ed by electors, chofcn every 5th year by
the citizens. It is 53 miles S W from Elk-
town, 176 N E from Richmond in Vir-
ginia ; 43 N E from the city of Wjifhing-
ton, and 103 S W from Philadelphia. M
lat. 39 ai, Wlon. 77 48.
Bangor, a poft town in Hancock co.
Maine, on the weftern fide of Penobfcot
R. 37 miles northerly from Caftine and 47
northeafterly fromlortPoint at the mouth
of the river. This town is at the head of
navigation ; veflels of 200 tons may come
up to it. The harbour is called Kcnduf-
keag at the mouth of the river of that
name, which is the principal place of trade
on the river. Here are a number of hand-
fome houfes. It promifes to be a place of
confequence.
Banks, Port, a harbour, on the N W coaft
of America, S eaftcrly from Cape Edge-
combe, and N wefterly from Sea Otter
Sound.
Bann, a townfhip in York co. Pennfyl-
vania.
Baraena, a feaport town in the N E part
of the illand of Cuba, in the W. Inclies;
50 miles N E of St. Jago de Cuba. N lat.
21, W Ion. 76 10.
Baraqukimilo, a town in Terra Firma, S.
America, in the province of Caracas, and
in the head waters of Oroouoco R. about
80 miles S from Valencia, and 1 75 N W
from Calabeza. N lat. 8 $$, W Ion. 66 ^$.
BarbaHaes, one of the Caribbee iflands,
belonging to Britain, and next to Jamaica
for importance in the W. Indies. It is a-
bout 21 miles in length from High Point,
its northern extremity, to South Point ;
and 14 in breadth, from the Ch.nir near
Kitridge Bay E to Valiant Royalift Fcrt,
W, and contains 106,470 acres of land,
moll of wluch is under cultivation. It licit
30
ill
'';'.-J
m
m
i
BAR
BAR
.;!:
•0 leagues fi from St. Vincent, which may
be feen in a clear day ; zj from St. Lucia .
48 S £ from Martinico ; 60 N F. from
Trinidad, and 100 S £ from St. Chrifto-
pfaer't. It is divided into 5 diftridls, and
X I pariflies ; and contains 4 towns, viz.
Bridgetown, the capital t Oftins, or
Chanellown ; St. James, formerly called
the Hole ; and Speights Town, The names
of the pariHies are St. Lucy's, St. Peter's,
St. James's, St Andrew's, St. Thomas's, St.
Jofeph's, St. John's, St. George's, St. Mich-
ael's, St. Philip's, and Chrilt Church. Its
foil raufl be allowed to be highly fertile, if
it be true, that it contained in 1670, 50,000
whites, and loo^ooo blacks i whofe la-
bours employed 60,000 tons of fliipping.
This is thought to be exaggerated ; but it
is certain that its population has decreaf-
ed rapidly. In 1780 the numbers were
36,167 whites ; 838 free people of color,
and 6a,iij negroes, The exports, on an.
average, of 1784, 1785, and 17 86, had
fallen to 9,554 hhds. of fugar ; 5448 pun-
cheons of rum ; 6310 bags of ginger ; 833 x
bags of cotton, exclufive of fmall articles,
as aloes, fweet meats, &c. In the year
ending the Jth of Jan. 1788, 443 veflels
cleared outwards ; and the London mar-
ket price of their cargoes in fieri, money,
amounted to >£539,6o5-i4-io; of which
the value exported to the United States,
was ;C43,ai 7-13-4. That the dreadful
iucceflton of hurricanes, with which this
and the other W. Indi& iflands have been
vifited, for many years paft, has contrib-
uted to this great d 'ideation, cannot be
doubted. Bridgetown was fcarcely rifea
from the afhes te which two dreadful
iires had reduced it, when it was torn from
its foundations, and the whole country
made a fcene of defolation, by the ftorm
of the xoth of Odl. 1 780, in which no lefs
than 4326 o.' the inhabitants, blacks and
whites, miferably perlflied ; and the dam-
age done to property was computed at
£i,3»o,564«i5.fterl. The force of the
wind was at one place fo great as to lift
fome pieces of cannon, with their carri-
ages, feveral paces from the ramparts.
The trade of this, and fome others of the
iflands, fuffers confiderably by a duty of
4i per cent, on exported produce ; out of
which, however, the governor's falary,
j([20CO a year, is paid- I'he crown ac-
quired this revenue in the reign of Charles
II. which the planters agreed to, in order
to fecure pofTeflions to which they had
uncertain titles. Barbadoes was probably
difcovered £rft by the Ponuguefe. It is
y ufually ranked among the windward di*
viiion of the Caribbces, being a day or
two's fail from Surinam. From its being
the firll difcovered of any of thefe idands,
it is called Mother of the Sugar Coloniei.—
The Hrft of the Englifh who are known
to have landed here, were the crew of the
Olive Blojfom, fitted out by Sir Olive Leigh,
in 1605. It was found abfolutely dei'o-
late ; nor had it the appearance of hav-.
ing been peopled even by the ipoll bar-
barous Indians. The ifland is fortified by
nature, all along the windward fhore, by
rocks and fhoaU, fo as to be almoll inac-
cefllble ; on the leeward fide it has good
harbours ; but the whole coaft is protedled,
by a good line, of fcveral miles in length,
and feveral forts to defend it, at the moft
maiterial places. The military, civil, and
religious eflablifhinents are well provided
for. Here is a college founded by CoL
Codrington ; the only inflitution of th^
kind in the W. Indies ; but it has not an-
fwered the intention of the founder. The
houfes of ^e planters are irery thickly fown
all along the country, which, with the luxo
uriant produiStions of the foil, and the
gently fwelling hills, form a delightful
fcene. The earlied planters of Barbadoes.,
were fometimcs reproached with the guilt
of forcing or decoying into flavery, the
Indians of the ueigliboring continent.
The hilloiry olJnkle and IdWfo, which the
Spedtator has recorded for the deteftation,
of mankind, took its rife in this ifl-
and ; but happily this fpecies of flavery
was foon aboliflied. The Barbadues tar,
is a particular produdUon of this iiland.
U rii'es out of the earth, and fwims on,
the furface of the water. It is of great
ufe in the drybellyache, and in difeafes of
the breaft The capital, Bridgetown, lies,
in N lat. 13 10, W Ion. 59..
Barbara, St. an ifland on the coafl of Bra-.
ziL Alfo the chief town of New Bifcay.
Barbe, St. a town in New Bifcay, in the
vicinity of which are very rich filver
mines. It lies 500 miles N W of tJie city
of Mexico. N lat. 16 ic, W Ion. iio 5.
Barbuda, or Barbotitbet, one of the Carib-.
bee iflands, m miles N of Antigua, and S3
N £ of St. Cbriflopher's, and is 20 miles,^
long and 12 broad. The natives apply
themfelyes, chiefly to the breeding of cat-
tle, and furuiflung the neighbouring ifl-
ands with provifions. It is fertile, abound-
ing in the natural produdkions of the other
W. India iflands ; and has a good road for
{hipping, but no diredt trade to Britain.
It belongs to the Codriogtoo family, to
whom
BAR
BAR
tirhom It prepuces above £5^^ a year.
The inhabitants amount to about 1500.
V lat. 18 30, W loa. 61 50.
Bariut, Riviere a la, entpties into Lake
Michigan, from £ S £ between Railin and
Marame rivers. lu mouth 60 yards wide,
is 73 miles N by W from Fort St. Jofeph.
iUfo, the name of a river which empties
into Lake Erie, from the N £ 40 miles W
N W from the extremity of Long Point
in that lake, and aa E by S from Tonty R.
BarefieUs, a pod town in Liberty co. S.
Carolina, 414 miles from Wafhington.
BariaJarei, the name of a part of the
Logwood Country, on the £ fide of the
peninfula of Yucatan, through which the
river Balize runs into the Sea of Honduras.
It has Hicks Keys on the S, and South La-
goon on the N. Lat 1 7 45 N, Ion. 89 W.
BariiflmJleaJ, a town in the northern
part of Connedlicut, Utcbiield co. having
Hartland on the N, and Granby £. About
as miles W of Hartford, and ao N E of
Litchfield.
Barnard,a town in Windfor co. Vermont,
;)bout ao miles N W of Windfor. It has
1336 inhabitants.
Bariutrdjlon, a townfliip of MaiTachu-
fetts, Hampfliire co. on the W bank of
Connedticut river, adjotuing Northfield,
94 miles N W of Bofion, containing 780
inhabitants.
BarnavelJt, an ifland of S. America, to
the S of Terra del Fuego, difcovered in
1616. S lat. ss 49> ^ It'll. 66 58.
Barnegat Inlet, called in fbme maps,
Ne^< Inlet, is the pafTage from the fea into
Flat Bay Sound, on the S eaftern coad of
New Jerfey, 68 miles N £ from Cape
May. N lat. 39 471^ W Ion. 74 13. Bar-
negat Beach lies below this Inlet, between
it and Little Egg Harbour, 16 miles dif-
tant, S W.
Sarnegat, the name of a fmatl village of
S or 10 houfes, on the ead bank of Hud-
ibn river, 5 mil^ S of Poughkcepfie, and
75 N of N. York. The bufinefc of the
few inhabitants of this place, is burning
lime, from the vaft quantities of lime-
f^one which are found here. Their lime
is marketed in N. York, whither they
carry it in great quantities annually.
Barnet, s pod town, in Caledonia cow
Vermont, 15 miles N of Newbury, hav-
ing 85S inhabitants who are emigrants
from Scotland, and their defcendants.
They have a prefbyterian miniller and
adhere very ftridly to the forms of the
church of Scotland. The lower bar of
the 15 mile fallii, in CotwetSticut R. is flt-
uated at the N E comer of this towndiipii
Into that river it fends Stephens R. whicll
rifes in Peacham, the adjoining town on
the W.
BamJlaUe Co. lies upon the ptninfula*
the point of which is Cape Cod, the 3
ealhvard point of MalTachufetts Bay, op«
pofite Cape Ann. Cape Cod lies in N
Lat. 4a At W Ion. from Greenwich 70
14, and gives name to the whole penin-
fula, which is furrounded by witter on
all fides, except the W, where it is bound-
ed by Plymouth co. It is 65 miles long,
as the road runs, from the ifthmus between
Barnftable and Buzzard's Bays to Race
Point ; and iu breadth for 30 miles not
more than 3, and above half the remain"
der from 6 to 9 miles. It contains i x
townflijps and the plantation of Marfli-
pee ; having 19,193 inhabitants. Barn-
(lable was made a ilure m i6iS' Seo
Cape Cod,
SarnJIabU, the Mattacherfe, or Mattachtf
fit of tiie ancient Indians, is a port of en-
try and poft town, and the (hire town of
Barnftable co. It extends acrofs the pen-
infula, and is waflied by the fea on the N
and S, having Sandwich, and the dillri(ft
called Marfhpee, on the W is about 5
miles broad, and 9 long; 7a miles S eafl-
erly from Bofton. Sandy Neck on the
N more, runs £ almofl the length of the
town, and forms the harbour, embofom-
ing a large body of fait marfli. The har-
bour is about a mile wide, and 4 long ;
in which the tide rifes from 8 to 14 feet.
It has a bar running off N £ from the
Neck feveral miles, which prevents the
entrance of large (hips ; but finall vefleh
may pafsany part of it at high water ; and
where it is commonly crofied, it feidom
has lefs than 6 or 7 feet at low water.
I'here is another harbour on the S called
Lewit*j Bay. Its entrance is within Barn-
ftable, and it extends ahnoft a miles into
Yarmouth. It is commodious and fafe,
and is complet^y land locked ; and has
5 feet water at a middling tide. A mile
or two to the wellward; and near the en-
trance of Lewis's Bay, lies Hyanis Road.
It is formed principally by an ifland,
joloed by a beach to Yarmouth, which
together, make the outfide of the bay be-
fore mentioned. The S head of this ifl-
and is called Point Gammon. Oyllcr
Bay, near the S W limit of the town, ad-
mits fmall velTels ; and which, with Lew-
is's Bay, has in years pad produced excel-
lent oyflers, in great quantities ; though
they are now much reduced. There are
aoout
I
\
I
,. ;!
I>5|5'^il
UAH
^out »o or 30 ponds in BarnRable. The
hmd on the N fide produces from 15 to
a.f bulhcU of Indian corn to an acre, and
rye and other grain in proportion. Wheat
and flax are cultivated ; the latter with
fticccfii. From la to 18,000 bufhelt of
onions are raifed and fent chiefly to Bof>
tun market. Upwards of 160 men are
employed in the iifliery, which is yearly
incre:iiing. Whales feldom come into
^Mafl'achufetts Bay now, and that iifliery
ii dilcontinued. No quarrels with the
ancient natives of the country are record-
ed in the accounts of this town. The
people, 4964 in number, are generally
healthy ; and many inftances of longevity
are to be met with. Numbers of the
iarme.s are occafionally Teamen ; and
tlus town has afforded, and continues to
furnilli many mafler^ of veflels and mar*
incrs who fail from other ports. N lat.
BarnpeaJ, a townfliip m Stranord co>N.
Hampfliire, 31 miles N W of Portfnlouth.
Barrtf a poll town in Worcefter co.
Maflachufetts, containing 1937 inhabit-
ants ; t4 miles N W of Worcefter, and
66 W of Bofton, deriving its name from
Col. Barre, a Britifli fenator, who, on the
eve of the late war» plead the caufe of
America, in the Britifli houfe of commons,
Xi\t\\ great, but unfuccefsful energy. This
town has good paftures, and here are fat-
ted multitudes of cattle ; and it is fiippof-
«d, more butter and cheefe is carried
hence to the market, annually, than from
Any other town of the fame fize in the
State.
Barre, a towndiip in Huntingdon co.
Pennfylvania.
Barre-, a poft town in Orange co. Ver-
mont, has 919 inhabitants, and is about
15 miles N W of Nevvbury, and 591
from Wafliington.
Barren's Sound, on the N W Cbaft of
America, called by the natives Conget hoi
tni, is fituated about A leagues from the
jbuthem extremity of Wafliington, or
Charlotte iflands, in a N W diretflion,
about N lat. ja, W Ion. 131 from Green-
wich. It has two inlets ; one on the E,
the other on the W fide of tlie ifland ;
the latter is the beft, the other is danger-
ous. The fliores are of a craggy black
rock ; the banks lined with trees of va-
rious kinds, as pines, fpruce, hemlock, ai-
rier, &c. Mr. Hofkins, in the fummer of
1 79 1, meafured one of thefe trees, which
was ten fathoms in circumference. On one
fide of it a hole had been cut, large enough
BAR
to admit a man ; within was a rpacloui
and convenient room, which had appa-
rently been dug and burnt out with much
labour. Mr. Hulkins concluded that it
muft have been occafionally inhabited by
the natives; as he found in it a box, fire-
works, dried wood, and feveral dotneftie
utenfils. This found was named after
Jofcph Barrell, Efq. of CharlcftoWn,
(Majf.)ixid was firft vifited by Capt. Gray,
in the Wafliington, in 1789.
Barren Creek, rifes in the N W corner
of Delaware (late, runs about 9 miles S
wcfterly, and empties into Nanticoke R.
Barren R. Both Big and Little Barren
rivers, are S E branches of Green R. in
Kentucky. Blue Sfrhig lies between thefe
rivers, wnich fee.
Barren I. a fmall ifle in Chefapeak Bay,
N £ from the mouth of Patuxent R.
Barren, a co. of Kentucky, containing
4784 people, 505 of whom are flaves.
Barren IJlands, at the entrance of Cook's
river on the N W coall of America.
Barnivtll,i. Diftri<£fc of Carolina. contain-
ing 7376 inhabitants, of whom 1690 are
flaves.
Barrtijio^vn, in Lincoln co. Maine, hav-
ing 425 inhabitants.
Barrington, a town in Queens co. Nova
Scotia,on the S fide of the Bay of Fundy ;
fettled by Quakers from Nantucket.
Barrington, a town in StraflTord co. N.
Hampfliire, about 30 miles N W from
Portfmouth, incorporated in 1712, con-
taining 2773 inhabitants. AUum is
found here ; and the firft ridge of the
Frojl Hills, one of the three inferior fum-
mits of Agam6nticus,is continued through
this town. Its fituation is very healthy ;
e g.14 of the firft fettlers in 173 a, were
alive in 1785, who were between 80 and
90 years old.
Barrington, a townfliip in Briftol co.
Rhode Ifland, on Warren R. 3 miles N W
of Warren, and about 7 S E from Prov-
idence. It contains 650 inhabitants.
Barrington, Gred', is the fecond townfhip
in rank in Berkfliire co. Maflachufetts.
It contains 1754 inhabitants, ahd lies 140
miles W from Bofton, ahd fouth of Stock-
bridge, adjoining.
Biirroiv Harbour, is an extenfive bay in
that of Bcnavifta, Newfoundland.
Bart, a port on the fouthern coaft of
Nova Scotia.
Bart a townfliip in Lancafter co. Penn-
fylvania.
Bartholomew, St. a parifli in Charlefton
diilri<fi, S. Carolina.
Sarthokmewt
'«%
tari
tnoft .
tlraits,!
far fuif
tible
Bari
iflandsl
Bari
iflandsl
St. Ch
is reckf
but
product
ibme K
a greatl
the Wl
and pr(|
States.
trees m
or aloei
cvatfH*
tic. 4'
grow d
form a
fence in
fliore i
gether, ;
Here is
^
iBAlt
6At
%rtlolomrWf Capi, St. u the fout^irn*
tnod point of Staten Land, in Le Maire
tlraiti, at the S end Of S. America ; and
far AirpaiTet Terra del Fuego in it* bor-
rible appearance.
Bartb»lomtv)t St. one of the dufter of
iHands, called New Hebridei, which fee.
Bartbohmno, St. one of the Carribbee
idands, in the W^ Indies, 35 miles N of
St. Chriftopher's, and 30 N E of Saba. It
is reckoned X leagues in circumference,
but has little ground fit fer manuring. It
produces cotton of a good qualit)r, and
fome tobacco and caflava. It carries on
a great trade, in the didribution through
the W. Indies of Swedifli naval (lores,
and provifions, received frorti the United
States. It abounds >vith woods. The
trees mofl in efteem are, k. The foap tree,
or aloes tree. a. The caltibackl ,-). The
caiuq>ia, whofe giiiA is an excellent cathar-
tic. 4. The parotane, whofe boughs
grow downward, take root again, and
form a kind of bulkwark and ftrong de-
fence in time of attack. All along the
fhore are thofe trees called Tea trees,
trhofe bdughs are curioufly plaited to-
gether, and look as if they were glazed.
Here is an infinite variety of birds, and a
1)eculiar kind of limellone, which the
inhabitants expoK to the adjacent iflands.
They have likewife plenty of lignum vita
and iron wood. Its fliores are dangerous,
aftd the approaching them require! a good
pilot ; but it has an excellent harbour, in
which fliips of aAy fize are flieltered
from all winds. Half its inhabitants are
Irifh Roman Catholics, whofe predecef-
fors fettled here in 1666; the others arc
French, to whom the ifland lately belong-
ed. It was ceded by France to tne crown
of Sweden in 1785. They depend on the
ikies for water, which they keep in cif-
tcrns, there being no fprings in the idand.
It was a neft for privateers when in the
hands of the French ; and at one time
had 50 Britifh prizes in its harbour. It
has been increafing in improvements ever
fince it came into the handsof the Swedes.
During the late war between France and
England, it had a great accelfion of in-
habitants, of difTerent nations, from the
other iflands, who have transferred their
property here, built handfume houfes,
and extend. ' the commerce of the ifland.
N lat. 1 7 ^6, W Ion. 63 10.
Barilei, a plantation in Grafton co. N.
Hampfliire, having 548 inhabitants.
Barton, a townfhip in Orleans co. Ver-
mont, formerly in that of OriOge, lies S
Vol. I. E
W of Brownington ; 6 miles S W by V^
from Willoughhy Lake, and 140 N cud*
erly from Bennington.
Barton, a towniliip in Upper Canada*
Lincoln co. W of 8altfleet, on Burlington
Bay.
Ba/lit Iff M'lnat, is a body of water of
conuderable extent, and irregular form,
fituated in Nova Scotia, at the £ end of
the Bay of Fundy; and connected \vith
its N £ branch by a Hinrt and narrow
Urait. The coimtry on its banks is gen'
erally a rich foil, and is watered by many
final! rivers. The fpring tides rile her*
40 feet.
Bajkcnr'tdge, a port town in Somcrfet co.
N. Jcrfey, on the W fide of a N W branch
of Paflaic R. nearly 6 miles N E fronf
Pluckemin, and 7 S 8 W from Morrif-
town. It was here that Col. Harcourt
furprifed and made a prifoner of Gen.
Lee, Dec. 13, 1776.
Bofon Harbour, lies on the E fide of
Lake Champlain, in the townfliip of Fer*
Hfburgh, Vermont, 4^ miles S wcfterly
from the mouth of Otter Creek. A poll
ofHce is kept here, 524 miles from Wafli*
ington.
B(^e Terre, the chief town in the ifland
of St. Chriftopher's, in the W. Indies, fitu-
ated at the S E end of the I. It confifts
of a long ftreet along the fea fliore ; is a
place of condderable trade, the feat of
government, and is defended by 3 bat-
teries. N lat. 17 44, Wlon. 6a 36 56. This
is alfo the name of a part of the I. of Gua-
daloupe, in the W. Indies ; between a
point of which called Grofle Morne, to
that of Antigua in the Grande Terre, the
bafon called the Great Cul de Sac, is s or
6 leagues in length ; wherein is fafe riding
for fliips of all rates.
Bass Harbour, Maine, a harbour of Mt.
Defert Ifland, 7 miles from Soil Cove.
Bafiimentot, fmall iflands, near the Ifth*
mus of Darien, and fomewhat W of the
Samballocs iflands, at the mouth of the
bay of Nombre vie Dios, very near the
ihorc Here admiral Hofier lay with a
Britilh fquadron many years ago, when
having loft many of his men, and his ftiipt
being almoft rotten, in an inadti^^e ftate,
he died of a broken heart. K lat. 9 30, W
Ion. 79 45.
Batabano, a town on the S fide of the
ifland of Cuba, in the W. Indies ; fituated
on the fide of a large bay, oppofite Pino*
ifles, and about 50 miles S W from the
Havannah.
Batavia, a fettlcment in N. York, at the
hea4
it
I
#
M
ll
'" 111
' BAT
Ikead of Schoharie Creek, in the towndnp
ef Freehold, between JO and 30 mile* W
•f Cntdill. A \M(i oflice h kept here.
Jiatl), a iwft town in I.incohi co. Maine,
containing; ilij inhuhitant*. It lies on
the W lide of Kcnnchcck R. about 1.^
miles from WifcalTct, 60 N K from Wnt-
land, 38 from Hnliowcil. N lat. 43 49.
HatL, a CO. of Virj^inia, about 60 inilen
in length, and 50 in brijadth ; bounded
E by the co. of Auj;;uflu It contaiun
4847 free inhabitaiitn, am! 66t ilavc*. It in
noted for its medicin.tl ([iring^, called the
Hot and Warm fprliigB, near the foot of
Tackfon's Moimtiin. Sec nrginht. Here
IS a poll oiBcc 227 m!le» froin^Waflting-
ton.
Sii!b, a thriving town in Berkley co.
Virginia, fltuated at the foot of the Warm
Spruie Mountai:i. The fprings in the
neighbourhood of this town, although lef»
eflicaciouf than t?ie Warm Springs in Bath
CO. draw upwards (>f 1000 people here,
during fummer, from various parts of
the United States. The water is little
more than milk warm, and weakly im-
pregnated with minerals. The country
in the environs is agreeably diverfified
with hills and valleys ; the foil rich, and
in good cultivation ; 2J miles from Mar-
tinlbnrg, and 269 miles S W from Phila-
delphia.
Aiib, a port town in Grafton co. N.
Hampshire, h.is 825 inhabitants, on the E
bank of Conneclicut R. 35 miles N E by
N from Dartmouth College, and 97 N W
from Portfmoutii.
BatL, or Port Bath, a port town in Hyde
CO. N. Carolina, on the N lide of I'ar R.
about 24 miles from Pamplico Sound, 61 S
by W of Edenton.and is the port of entry
on Tar R. It contains about 12 houl'os,
and is rather declining. N lat. 35 31, W
Ion. 77 15.
Bath, a village in the eadcrn parifh of
St. Thomas, in the I. of Jamaica, in tlve W.
Indies. It has its rife and name from a
famous hot fpring in its vicinity, faid to be
hig!ily efficacious in curing the dry belly-
ache. The water is fulphureous, and
flows out of a n.cky mount.iin about a
mile dillant, :.iid is too hot to admit a haiul
being held in it.
5a/A, a village In the co. of Renflalaer,
N. York, plea. lUtly fituated on the eafl
bank of Hudfon river, nearly oppofite the
city of Albany, at the head of floop navi-
gation. A mineral fpring has been difcov-
ared here, faid to polTcfs valuablcqualities ;
aad a comioodiovu bathing lioufe ba« been
BAY
•retted, at a cnnrKlcrablo cxpcnfe, coi*
taining hot, cold, and flatwcr baths.
BiitL, a thriving po(t town in N. York»
Steubvn co.and has 45 J inhabitants, on tha
N bank of C'oiiho(!ton Creek, a northern
headwater of Tioga R. 42 miles S E from
M'illiamlburg, on Genclle R. i8 N W
from the Painted Pod ; 120 from Niagara;
59 woflerly from Geneva, and 2ai W of
Hudfon city. N lat. 42 15, W Ton. 77 10.
Luittn Kill, a fmall ifver which rifcs in
Vermont, and afier running N and N weft-
crlv about 30 miles, falls into Hudfon, op-
poute Saratoga.
Baiile R. in New South Wales, r4in» N K
into SaflcahawcnR. S E from Manchefter
Houfc. Its courfe Is Hiort.
Baitletowii a port town in Frederick co.
Virginia, 79 miles from Waflu'ngton.
Baxoj De Babiica. Sec Ahrojoi.
Bay of Frrjb IVater, in the N part of th«
Gulf of Mexico, lies S. of Afcenfion Bay.'
N lat. 30, W Ion. 93.
Biiyamo, a town in th-* caflcrn part of
the Ill.md of Cuba, having tho town of
Almo W, and St. Barbara on the S. It lie*
on the E fide of Edcro k. about 20 miles
from the fea.
Bay ima Channel Jel, in the iiland of Cuba,
runs between the numerous fmall iilands
and rocks called Jardin j^e ia Reyna, on
the N W, and the Iloals and rocks
which Iin6 the coaft on the S H lide of it,
from the bold point called Cubo de Cruz.
This channel leads to the b:iy of Eflero,
which receives two rivers ; the fouthern-
mofl of whichleads tothe town of Bayamo.
Bay of Fundy, wafhes the fliores of the
Britifli provinces of New Brunfwick on
the N, and Nova Scotia on the E and S.
This bay is I2 leagues acrofs, from the Gut
of Annapolis to St. John's. The tides are'
very rapid in this bay, and rife at Annap-
olis Balm about 30 feet ; at the Bafin of
Minas, which may be termed the N arm
of this bay, 40 feet ; and at the head of
Chignedlo Channel, an arm of this bay,
the fpring tides rife 60 feet.
^.ly de Roche ivoi/V.or NorthtvrJ} Bay,\{e%
on the W fide of Lake Champlain, i*
miles N of Crown Point.
Bay rf IJlarJs, lies on the W fide of
Newfoundland I. in the Gulf of St. Law-
rence. This bay is very ext'cnfive, hav-
'iiig 3 arms, by which feveral rivers empty
into it. It has feveral I (lands ; the chief
of which are called Harbour, Pearl, and
Tweed. The centre of the bay lies ia
about 49 5 N lat. and 58 zj W Ion. from
Greeuwick.
%
s *
^
cxpcnfe, cei*
r batlm.
I in N. York,
)ic.int8,on th*
k, a northern
liles S E from
R. i8 N W
rom Niagara;
11(1 aai VVof
Wfon. 77 lo.
vliich fifes ill
M and N wcft-
) Hutlfon, op-
tics, qms N r.
I Mancitefter
Frederick CO.
liiigton.
■ojot.
N part of th«
Tcenfion Bay.
(lern part of
tho town of
the S. It h'c»
bout ao miles
land of Cuba,
Tmall iflandg
a Reyna, on
and rocki
lide of it,
bo de Cruz.
y of Eflero,
»e fouthern-
of Bay am o.
horcs of the
unfwick on
£ and S.
rum the Gut
he tides are'
at Annap-
hc Bafin of
the N arm
the head of
}f this bay,
:iji Bay, fiet
mplain, i^
W fide of
St. I^aw-
nfive, hav-
vers empty
the chief
Pearl, ajid
lay lies in
■ Ion. from
BEA
le
'■i
tuy ^ 8l. Ltuii, on the Labrador coafl,
kM Cape St. Louis on the N. and Cape
^.'harles on the S. It iia* many linall
t^landi ; the largeO of wliich is Battle I. in
rhe mouth of the bay. 'I'ht.' middle of the
bay lie* in N lat. 5 a a.'^.Wion. j.? J.V
liayntt, a town and bay on the S fide of
tbvifland of St. Domingo, 4\ leagues from
Petit Goave, on the N iidc of the iHand.
It is about 8 leagues W of Jacknwl. N
lat. 18 17.
Beach Fori, a branch of Salt R. which
rifes in Nelibn ca Kcnttifky. A fine clay
is found on this river, which might, it is
thought, be mdnufadlured in 'o good por-
celain.
JJciilJiurir, ft fmall town in K'lfon co.
Kentucky, on the K bank of Rolling Fork,
WhicK contains ao houi'es, as alfo a tolsac-
eo warehoufc. It is 15 miles W S W of
Bairddown, 50 S W of Frankfort. N iat.
37 4a, W Ion. 8550.
Bear Creek, in Tenneflee, rifes among
the head waters of Tombigby, runs north-
erly 45 miles, and empties into the I'en-
nefl'ee in lat. ,h 46. la miles below the
Chickefaw llioals ; it is afccnded by boats
aj miles. See Occochappo.
BeardJIoiVM. See BairdJIeivn.
Bear Cove, lies on the £ flde of the 3
eaflern corner of Newfoundland 1. at the
head of which is the fettlemcnt of Formcfe,
which fee. Reneau's rocks lie between
Bear Cove and Frefli water Bay on the
S, 3a miles northerly from Cape Rac«.
Bear Craft Creei, A fmall creek on the
eaflern fide of Ohio R. a few hundred
yards N of the town of Louifville, in Ken.,
tucky. This is the fpot whei e the intend-
ed canal is propofed to be cut to the up-
per fide of the RapiJj. From the mouth
of the creek.to the upper fide of the rapids,
is not quite % miles. This wouid render
the navigation of the Ohio fafe and eafy.
The country on the fides of this creek, be-
tween Salt R. and Kentucky 11. is beau-
tiful and rich. See Ripuh of the Ohio.
Bear Lake, Great, in the N W part of
N. America, lies near the Ar<Slic Circle,
and fends a river a W S W courfe.
Bear Lake, Black, in New South Wales,
lies in N lat. 53^, W Ion. 107^. It lies N
W from Cumberland Houfe
Bear Lake,H^hUe,\ieidue'Wfrom anothtjr
fmii'l lake called Bear L.ake, both in NIat.
48 i,u and the W Ion. of the former is 98^.
T'hefe are fatd to give rife to Mifilfippi R.
Bear Town, rn Caroline co. Maryland,
lies about 7 mile* N from Greenfburg,
mi about I J S EXvom C'hcfiertowa.
BEA
Beaufiit, K CO. of Ncwbern difiridl, N.
C.iroliiia. It is bounded N by'I'yirel, E
by Hyde, S by Craven, W by iUakow. It
tiintainii 5j4I ini»abit;ints, of whom 1674
iiie Haves. Chief town W'.ilhiiigton.
Hi.i'fort,^ Icaport town in Carteret CO.
on the N IC tide of Ctrc ^)ound, and dif-
trick of Newhcrn, N. Canilin.u It con-
tains 4,n inhabitants, a court huuie and
gi«)J, ami tiw a), courts are held here ; S5
miles .S by li of Newbern, and about ij
from C;ipc Lookmit. N lat. ,i4 47.
Ih.iifort, the chiff town of Beaufort dif«
tridl:, S. Carolina, is iituatcd on the ifland
of Port Royal, at the mouth of Coofa-
whatchic R. It is a little pleafant town,
of I or 300 houfcs, an Epifcopal and Bap*
tift church, 4 fchool houfes, and 700 in-
habitants, who are difiinguillied for their
hufpitality and politcncls. It has a fine
harbour, and bids fair to become a con-
fiderable town. It was formerly a ftatioi)
for the Britidi fquadron. Beaufort is a6
miles from Purifburg, and 73froraCharlef-
ton, 10 the S VV, noted for its healthy fit-
uation. N lat. 3a 26, W Ion. 80 55.
Beaufort ViflriB, in the Uiwcr country
of S. Carolina, lies on the fca coafl, be-
tween Combahce anil Savannah rivers.
It it di) milos in length, and 37 in breadth,
and is divided into 4 parifhcs, viz. St.
Helena, St. Luke, Prince William, and St.
Peter, which contain 80,418 inhabitants x
of whom only 4397 are whites. Human-
ity trembles at the inevitable confequen-
ces. The northern part of this dillricl:
abounds with large forefts of cyprefs ; the
lantls, however, are fit for raiting rii-*»
indigo, &c. It fends la repr«fentative»
and 4 fenators to the (late legiflaturc ;
each pariHi fending an equal number.
Amount of taxCs jC3,oa>2-ii fter.
Beaver, a co. in Pennfylvania, containin£
5776 inhabitants.
Beaver Creek, runs into Lake Erie, at it*,
£ end ; about 7 miles S £ from Fort £rie.
Beaver Creek, ^/j', falls into the Alltgha-
jty river, after receiving feveral branches
froBi the N E about a8 miles N VV itoick.
Pittfl»urg.
Beavcn Datn,» townfhipin Northumber--
land cg.in Pennfylvania, W of Sufquchan-
i>ahR. about 50 milesNWof Harrifburgh.
Beaiter, a CO. of Pennfylvania, bounded
N by Butler and S by W.ifliington. It i»
watered by the Alleghany river p.nd Bea-.
ver Creek, and contains 330,640 acres, 6
townlhips, and 5776 inhabitants,
BeavertaiuH, a poft town, Capital of the-
above qo. 448 miles from Wadilngton.
Beavtr
W
.-Ji
!,
BED
Btaver Kill, is a S E arm of th« Popach-
ton Branch of the Delaware.
Beaver Late, in New South Wales, lies
in about J2 45 N lat. and loi 30 W ion.
A little N £ from it is the fource of Chur-
chill R. S £ from it is Cumberlani} Houfe,
ou Grafs R. which has coomiunication by
lakes with Nelfon R. S W of it is Salkai-
hawen R. on which, towards its head, are
a number of houfes belonging to the Hud-
ion's Bay Company.
Beavers To-wii, at Tujiarawas, lies be-
tween Margaret's Creek, an upper N W
branch of Mufkingum R.and the Nbranch
of that river ; at the head of which N
branch there is only a mile's portage to.
Cayahoga R. Beavers Town Ues about
8j miles N W from Pittfburg A little
below this a fort was ere<5led in 1764.
Beciet, a townfliip in BerkHiire co. Maf-
fachufetta, containing 930 inhabitants. It
is 10 miles £ of Stockbridge, ^7 froni
Lenox, and 130 W from Bofton.
Bede Foint, is the eaftern cape dt the
mouth of Cook's R. oa the N W coa(t of
N. America.
Bedford, a townfliip ij!i HilUborough ca
N. Hampfhire, on the W bank of Merri-
mack R. 56 ndles W of Portfmovith, %\ S
of Concord.
Bedford, a townihip in Middlefez cq.
Ma^achufctt8,contaimng 538 inhabitants;
J 6 miles N W of Bofton.
Bedford, New, is a flourifliing town in
Briftol CO. Mafiachufetts, 58 miles fouth-
vrard of Bofton. It hes at the head of
navigation on Accufhnet R. Lat. 40 41,
N, Ion. 70 5Z W, fron\ Qreenwich, and
has 4361 inhabitants.
Bedford, a poft towii in W. Chefter co.
N. York, containing 2404 inhabitants. It
lies contiguous to ConnetSlicut, 1 2 miles N
of Stamford, and 35 N E of th? city ojf
N. York. Here Governor Jay reOdes.
Bedford Co. in Pennfylvania, lies on Ju-.
niatta R. has part pf the ftate pf Mary-
land on the S, and Huntingdon co. N and
N E. It contains 1^,039 inhabitants, and
is divided into I2 townfhips. Its princi-<
pal mountains are Wills, Evits, Warrior's,
and Dunning's. The chief waters are
Bay ftown, Will* and Licking creek. The
vallies are rich, extenfive and well culti-
vated. Limeftone an4 iron pre abound
in many places.
Bedford, a poft town in the above co.
lies on the S tide of the Rayftown branch
of the Juniatta, 25 miles eaftward of
Berlin, and iio W of Philadelphia. It is
f^|^larly lai4 out ; water it ^paveyed in
BEH
•»•
wooden pipes to a refervoir in the mfd*
die of the town. They have a ftonef
gaol ; the market houfe, court houfe, and;
record office, are built of brick. Bedfor4
was incorporated in 1795, and their char-
ter is Hmilar to that of Chefter. M lat.
40, W loA. 78 JO.
Bedford Co, in Virginia, is feparated from
that of Amherft on the N by James R. hat
Campbell £,Botetourt W,and Franklin co.
S.It is 34 mile8long,a5broad,andcontaint
10,028 free inhabitants, and 4097 flaves.
It has a good foil and is agreeably diverfi-.
fied with hills and vallies. In fome partt
chalk and gypfum h^ve been difcovered.
Chief town Liberty..
Bedford, a village on the Georgia fide of
Savanna river, 4 miles above Augufta.
Bedmhifer, a town in Somerfet co. N.
Jerfey, about 20 miles N W of New
Brunfwick, a^d the fame diftance S W of
Morriftown.
Beef Ifland, one of the fmaller Virgin ifl-«
ands,in 'he W. Indies, fituated between
Dog \y on the W and Tortula on the E.
It is about 5 miles long and i broad, i.l
Sir Francis Drake's Bay. N lat. 18 23,
W Ion. 63 2.
Beekman, a confiderable townfhip \xi,
Duchefs CO. N. York, £ of Poughkeepfie.
Behrhgs Bay, on the N W COaft of
Americans of Admiralty Bay.
Beirhg's Straits, feparate Afia from
America, and are fo called from the Ruf-
fian navigator, Capt. Bchring, who, with
Ilhirikow, failed from Kamptfchatka, in
Siberia, on the Afiatic coaft, in queft of
the New World, in a quarter where it)
had, perhaps, never been approached.
They both difcpvcred land within a few
degrees of the N W coaft of America.
But the more recent difcoveriet of Capt.
Cook, and his fuccefibr, Clarke, have con-
firmed the near approximation of the
two continents. Cape Prince of Wales
is the moft wefterly point of the Ameri-
can continent, hitherto known. It is fit-
uated in N lat. 65 46, £ Ion. 191 45, and
is 39 miles diftanl from the caftern coaft;
of Afia. The fea, from the S of Bchring's ,
Straits, to the crefcent of iiles between,
Afia and America, is very {hallow. It
deepens froni thefe ftraits (as the Britifti
fcas do from Dover) till foundings are
loft in the Pacific Ocean ; but that di^s.
pot take place but to ^he 8 of the ifles.
Between them and the ftraits is an in-
creafefrpm i» to 54 fathoms, except on-
ly oft' St. Thaddeus Nofs, where there is
achann9l of greater depth. From the
.1 ' volcanic
*,.,.
B-Eli
BEN
an in-
:pt on-
herc is
tm the
olcauic
volcanic difpofition, it has been judged
probable, not only that there was a repa-
ration of the continents at thefe flraits,
but that the whole fpace from the iflcs to
that fmall opening had once been dry
land ; and that the fury of the watery
element, a«fluated by that of fire, had, in
very remote times, fubvertcd and over-
whelmed the tradi, and left the iflands to
ferve as monumental fragments. The fa-
mous Japanefe map places fome iflands
fcemingly within thefe (lrait8,on whichiit
bellowed the title of Ta Zue, or the kingdom
of the dwarfs. This gives fome reafon to
fuppofc that America was not unknown to
the Japanefe ; and that they had, as is
mentioned by Kxmpfer, and Charlevoix,
made voyages of difcovery ; and, accord-
ing to the iaft, adlually wintered upon
the continent, where probably meeting
with the Efquimaux, they might, in com-
parifon of themfelvcs, and jultly, diftin-
guifh them by the name of dwarfs,
£eiia, ov Beeouya, or Bojuio, a fmall
Britifh ifland among the Granadillas ; SS
miles N £ of Granada, and 65 leagues
from Barbadoes. It was called Little
Martinico by the French, and has a fafe
harbour from all winds jbut no frefli wa-
ter. It is only frequented by thofe who
catch turtle. The foil produces wild
cotton, and plenty of water melons.
Btlair, See Beliaire.
Belcher, a pod town in Hampfliire co.
MafTachufetts, containing 1878 inhabit-
ants ; 12 miles £ of Hadley,and 85 Wof
Bodon.
Belez, a city of New Grenada, Terra
Firma, S. America.
Betfaji, a pod town and bay in Hancock
CO. Mame, both fituated in what is called
the Waldo Patent, at the mouth of Penob-
fcot R. and on its weftern fide ; 38 miles
N £ by E from Hallowell, and 728 from
Wafhington. The Bay, on the N weftern
part of which the town Hands, runs up
into the land by 3 fliort arms. Iflef-
borough I. lies in the middle of it and
forms two channels leading to the mouth
of Penobfcot R.
Belfont, a pod town in Centre co. Penn«
fylvania, 259 miles from Wafliington.
Belgrade, a townfhip in Kennebec co.
Maine, 12 miles N \V of Hallowell. It
lias 293 inhabitants.
Belhaven, the former name of Alexan-
dria, in Virginia.
Bell IJle, an idand on the £ fide of the
northern part of Newfoundland I. E of
Canada head ; between $0 4% and jo jo,
N lat. and between W Ion. ss 39 and 55
46.
Betluier, or Belair, a pod town Har-
ford CO. Maryland, and the chief of th«
county. It contains a court houfe, gaol,
andMethodid meeting houfe, and is thin-
ly inhabited ; 6 miles N W of Harford j
22 N £ from Baltimore, 86 W S W from
Philadelphia.
Belle Dune, La, or Haiidfome dmin, a long^
projedling, barren point, en the fouthern
fide of Chaleur Bay, ^.bout 8 leagues N N
W of Nipifighit, w!icre temporary cod
and herring fiflieri>'s are carried on by
difTerent people; there being no edab-
liOied trader at the place.
Belle Jfle, an ifland at the mouth of the
draits ot this name, between the country*
of the £fquimaux, or New Britain, and
the N end of Newfoundland I. which
draits lead into the gulf of St. Lawrence
from the N £. The ifland is about 7
leagues in circumference ; and lies 16
miles from the ncarcd land on the coad
of Labrador, or New Britain. On the
N W fide it has a harbour for fidiing vef-
feU,or fmall craft ; and on the £ point it
has a cove which will admit fhallops. Lat.
51 55 N, Ion. J5 30 W.
Bellgrove, in Bergen co. N. Jerfey, on
the road to Albany, 3 milts northerly
from Brabant, and 24 N by W from N.
York city.
Bell'mgbam, a town in Norfolk-co. Mada-
chufetts, containing 704 inhabitants ; 20
miles northerly from Providence, and 34
S W from Bofton.
Bells Mill, a fcttlement in N. Carolina,
near the Moravian fettlemeots, about jo
miles W of Hillfborough.
Belfre, a pod town on the N W bank of
Ohio R. between the Hockhocking and
Muflcingum Rs. and oppo.1:e the mouth
of the Little Kanhaway; about 14 miles
below Marietta.
Bellville,A j)oft town in Mifflin co.Penn-
fylvania, 190 miles from Wafliington.
BelviJere, a townfliip in Franklin cdi
Vermont. Alfo a pod town in N. Jerfey,
Sudex CO. on Delaware R. at the mouth
of Pequed R. and 1 1 miles above Eadon.
Benedia, a pod town in Charles co.Ma-
ryland,on Patuxent R. oppofiteMackaH's
Ferry ; W from Port Tobacco 16 miles,
47 E from Wafliiiiyton.
Bennington, a county in the S W corner
of ^'^crmunt, divided into 16 lownfliips,
of which Bennington and Manchederare
the chief. It has 14,616 inhabitants, all
ftce. The mouctaiui here furnifli iroa
A'
$
BER
ikft in abKndance, and employ already, a
Curaace and two^orgea.
Bennington, a pleafant pod town and
icapital of the above cq. and the largcft in
the (late, having about ij;o houfcs, in and
(Dear the coinpaiSl: part of the town ; 34
piiies N £ from Albany ; 55 miles Sfrom
Rutland ; and 300 from Piiiladeiplua. N
lat. 4% 42, V^ luu. 74 10. Dcuniugtoa has
fcveral handl'onic Imildingii. Its public
edifices are a congrcgation&'l church go-
ing to decay, a (latu lu)ulc Mid gaol. It
i( the oldcft town in the ftatc, having
been firft Cettlcd in 1 764, and is flourifli-
ing, containing 3283 inhabitants. Mount
Anthony Tilici very high, in a conicul
form, in tbefouthcrn part of the town.
The houfcs are on a rich tra<jt of land ex-
tending from the foot of ihis mountain
northward. On the £ fide of this moun-
tain is a remarkable cavern confiiting of
feveral apartments froni 5 iu 50 feet in
lieight, the whole extending about 45
yards horizontally. Two famous battles
were fought 4 or 5 milei W of this lown
in one iday, Aug. 16, 1777, in which Gen.
Stark gained great fame for his cool val-
our. The Britifli loft 4 brafs field pieces,
and other military ftores .; and bcfide
thofe ilain, 700 were taken prifouers.
The killed and wounded of the Americana
wrcre about 100 men. This defeat con-
tributed, in a great nuafure, to thcfubfe-
quent furrcndcr of Gen. Burgoyne's army.
Ben/on, a poft town in Rutland co. Ver-
tnoat, on the £ fide of Lake Champlain ;
57 miles N N W of Bennington. It has
X159 iohabitants.
Bent Creek, a poft town in Buckingham
£0. Virginia, X43 miles from Wafliington.
Berabzan, is a long lake in New North
Walcs,which with the waters of Shechary
Lake, form Seal R. which empties into
Hudfoo's Bay at Churchill Fort. The N
«nd of Berabzan, is in about 60 30 N lat.
and in 93 50 W Ion.
Berbice, a Dutch fcttlement on a river
•f the fame name, in ^MnVioM, which fee
BerLice, or Ber&eu, i n\er in Surinam,
or Dutch Guiana, in S. America, which is
a quarter of a mile broad, and two fath-
oms deep at its mouth, in N lat. 6 30.
The land on both fides is low and woody,
has plenty of iofrwood and cotton.
Bergen Co. in N Jcrfcv, on the W bank
ftf Hudfuii R. oppolite N. York, and was
^rfl planted. >)/ the Dutch, from that city.
it contains 6 towniliips, of which the
chief are firrgcn and Hackenfack, and
•fi,ist inhabitants. Htrc are 7 Dutch
BER.
Calvinifl: cliiirches, and a of Dutch l/tm
tlieraas. There is a copper mine in this
CO. which, when worked by the Schuyler
family, (to whom it belonged) was con-
fiderably productive ; but it has been neg-
letfted for many years. It is a mountain-
ous, rough, and hilly county, 30 miles
long, and 25 broad. It forms part of
tlie £ and northern end of the (late ; and
its N \V extremity meets the N £ part of
Suflex cq. fo that thcfc two counties em-
bofom Morris and £frex counties, except
on the S W, and extend from Hudfon to
Delaware river algog the wlu>le northern
line of the (late.
SirgtM, the fliirc town of the above co>
is furrouiuled by water, except on the N ;
tlic river Hudlou fcparates it from New
York city, 3 miles diftant ; on the S a
narrow channel lies between it and States
I. and un the W it has Hackenfack R.
The inhabitants arc moftly dclccndants
from the Dutch fettlers.
Bergen Ned, is the fouthem extrr,T.! ;
of the above tov/nflup.
BirkhcmJleaJ. See BarkbetnfeaJ,
Berkley, a townfliip in Briftol co. Maf '
chufetts, containing loi 3 inhabitants ; 4>.>
;mile8 fouthward of Boflon.
Berkley, the name both of a county and
town, in Cliarleflon DiHriift, S. Carolina,
fiear Cooper and AHilty Rivers.
Berkley Co. in Virginia, lies W of the
Kue Ridge, N of Frederic co. and fepar-
ated from the (late of Maryland, on the
N and £ by Patowmac R. This fertile
county, about 40 miles long and 20 broad,
lias 14,894 free inhubicunts, and 3679
(laves Martiu^}urg is its chief town. A
poft ofEce is kept at Berkley Springs, in thi«
CO. 104 miles from Wailiin^^iton.
Berkley's Sound, on the N W coaft of N.
America, lies on the eaftern fide of Qnad-
ras Iflcs. The land on its eaftern fide is
oppofitc Cape Flattery, and forn\s the ^^
fide of the Straits de Fuca.
Berk't Ce. in I'cuiifylvania, has North-,
ampton co. on the N £ ; NorthuinbcrlancI
on the N W ; part of Luaerne on the N j
Dauphin and Luncafl:cr counties SW|
and Chcftcr and Montgomery S £. It is
watered by Schuylkill R and is 53 miles
long, and near 29 broad, containing
1,030,400 a<;rca. < Here iron ore and coal
are found in plenty, which fupply fcveral
iron works. The northern parts are
rough and hilly. Berks contains 32,407
inhabitants. It has 39 townfliips, of which
Reading is the chief It is well watered
by the Schuylkill and its branches.
■ Merkjhir*
\
C4.
*
BER
as Norths
mbcrlan^
m the N 5
ies S W I
E. his
53 milci
intaining
and coal
y feverai
arts are
» 32.407
of wliicl)
watered
cs.
Berifiire .Co. MaflachufetM, is bounded
yf \)j N. York (late ; S by the ftate of
Connedticut ; Eby Hampfliire co.andN
by the ftate of Vermonr. U runs' the
whole extent of the ftate from N to S, and
is divided into a6 townfliips ; the chief of
which arc Stockbridge.Lcnoi, Great Bar-
rington,\Villtamftow.n,and Pittsfield ; the
inhabitants 33,885. White and clouded
marble ii> found in fevcral towns, in the
rough and hilly parts of this county.
Berijhire, a townftiip, in Frnnklin cov
Vermont, between Miftifque river and
Canada line.
Sfrllit, a neat and flourifliing poft town
of Adams co. PcnnfylTania, containing
about 100 houfes. It is regularly laid
out, on the S W fide of Conewago *. reek,
13 miles weftcrly of Yorktown, and 10 r
W of Philadelphia. N lat. 39 56.
Berlin, A townfliip in Orange co. Ver-
mont, on the S fide of Onion R. oppofitc
Montj^elier, Berlin contains 684 inhali-
itants, and is about 30 miles N E of Mid-
dlebury.
Bfrlin, a poft town in Hartford co. Con-
nc<£licut, 10 miles S S W of Hartford, 34
NNEof New Haven.
Berlin, a townfliip in Worccfter co.
Maflachurett3,containtng3 90 inhabitants;
.•^4 miles W of Bofton, and 14 N E of
Worccfter. Hops have been cultivated
here lately, and promifc to be a valuable
article of hulbandry.
Berlin, in Somcrfct co. Pennfylvanja,
Jies on a branch of Stony Creek, a S wa-
iter of Conemaugh R. on the W fide of the
Alleghany Mountain ; 45 wiles weftward
4)f Bedford ; 23 N W of Fort Cumberland,
in Virginia, and 200 W of Philadelphia.
It has 300 inhabitants. N lat. 39 54.
Bermuda Hundred, or City Point, as it !s
-ibmetimes called, is a port of entry and
poft town, in Chcfterfield co. Virginia, fit-
uatcd on the point of the peninfula, form-
ed by the confluence of the Appamattox
with James R. 36 miles wefterly from
Williamfburg, 64 from Point Comfort, in
Chefapeak Bay, and 315 S W by S from
-Philadelphia. City Point, from which it
■is named, lies on the fouthern bank of
J^mes R. 4 miles S S W from this town.
The exports from this pl.iee, chiefly col-
ledled at Richmond, 20 milss above it,
amounted in 1794, to the value of 773,549
dollars. There are about 40 houfes here,
including fome warchoufes. It trades
chiefly with the W. Indies, and the difter-
ent ftates. Citv Point, in James R. lies in
H lat. J 7 1 6, W Ion. 7 7 3 1^ ice Rithumml.
Bermuda IJlanJt. Thefe received rfil*
name from the difcoverer, John Bermu''
das, a Spaniard ; and were called Som-^
mer's Ifles, from Sir George Soipmcrs;'
who was fliipwreckcd on their rocks in*
1609, in his paflage to Virginia. Tlie'
number of this dufber, in the form of a
fhepherd's crook, has been computed t»
be about 400, diftant from the land's end"
in. England, T500 leagues, from the Ma-
deiras I200, from Hifpaniola 400, and
aoo from Gape Hatteras in Carolina,
which taft is the nearcft laud to tbem^
The ilLinds are walled with rucks i and
by reafon of thefe, together with fhoalss
are difficult to approach. The entrance*
into the harbours and channels ave nar-
row as well as flioaly, and arc more dan-
gerous by reafon-of the ftrong current
which fcts to the N E from the gulf of
Florida. They coc tain from i S' to 1 3,00^
acres of poor land, of- which 9 parts in
10 are either uncultivated, or rcfcrved in
woods, which confift chiefly of cedar, for
the fupply of fliip-buildingi There arte
about 400 acres laid out in cotton. The
main ifland is about 16 miles long, and
from one to two in breadtti. The parifh
of St. George's, is an I. to the caftward of
the main land. In which flands the town
of St. George's, containing about 500
houfes. Contiguous to that is St. David's-
I. which fupplies the town with pro^if-
ions. The air is healthy, and a continu'»i'
fpring prevails ; and niqft of the produc-
tions of the W. Indies might be cultivate^
here. The hoults are built of a foft
ftonc, which is fawn like tir.iber, hut be-
ing waflied with lime, it becomes hard;
thefe ftones are greatly in rcqueft through*
out the W. Indies, for filtrating water.
The houfes arc white as fnow j which,
beheld from an eminence, contrafted with
the grecunefs of the cedars, and paftur^
ground, and the multitude of iflands full
in view, realize what the poets have
feigned of the Elyfian Fields. Some ac-
counts fay that thefe iHands contain from
15 to 20,000 inhabitants ; but Mr. Ed»
wards fays the number of white people
is 546*, of blacks 4919. Old writers ob-
ferve that there were 3000 Englifli in
thefe iflands, in 1623. 300 or 400 g*
annually to Turks I. to rake fait, which
is carried to America for provifions, of
fold, to fuch as may call for it there, fop
cafli. The Bermudians are chiefly fea»
faring men, and the negroes are very
expert mariners. In the late war, therp
were at east time betvaca i j and %o pri.
■ ?
T*
1'
,:m
1
* 'M
fill
^ Ifl
IP
i s
1 ifiH
■! li
1
steers fitted out hencr, \rhlch were maii-
iied by negro Haves, who behaved irrc-
ftroachably ; and fuch is the (late of
flavery here, and fn much are they at-
tached to their mafters, that fuch as were
captured always returned wben it was in
their power ; a finguUr inftance of which
Occurred in the ftate of Maifachufctts.
The rtlip Regulator, a privateer, was car-
tied into Bodon, and had 76 flaVes oh
hoard : 60 of them returned in a flag of
tnrce, 9 returned by way of 1^. York ; one
only was miffing, who died. The gov-
ernment is condudted under a governor,
named by the BritiHi crown, i council,
and a general aflembly. There are 9
churches, of which 3 clergymen have the
charge ; and there is one Prefliyterian
church. In the late Eurppean war, the
taumeroils cruifers from Bermudas, un-
warrantably captured numbers of Amer-
ican vefTels, loaded with provifions or
naval (lores, bound for French, and other
|>orts,which were iniquitoudy condemned.
Sernard's Say, lies on the N W fide of
the gulf of Mexico. The paffage into it,
between feveral illands. is called Pafco dc
Cavallo.
Btrnardfiovin, in Somcrfet co. N. Jerfey.
Alfo the name of a town(hip iti Hamp-
shire CO. MafTachufetts ; diftant 1 10 miles
wedward from Bodon.
Berne, A toWnfliip in Albany ca NcW
York* By the fiate cenfus Of 1 796, it ap-
pears there are 447 of the inhabitants who
*re eledlors.
Berry IJtandt, a fmall clufter of ifles on
tbe N W point of the Great Bahama
Bank, in the channel of Providence. N
iat. «5 30, W Ion. 75 40.
Bertie, a maritime co. in N. Carolina, in
Sdcnton diilridl, with the Roanoke its S
boundary, and Albemarle Sound on the
E. In it is (ituated the ancient Indian
tower of Tufcarora. It contains 10,998
fouls, of which number 5387 are flavcs.
Bertie, a townfliip, in Lincoln co U.
Canada, on the weft (ide of Niagara river,
fbuth of Willoughby, and open to L. Erie.
Berwick, or ALbotJlotvn, a neat town in
York CO. Pennfylvania, at the head of
Conewago Creek, 13 miles weft ward of
York, a6 S S W of Harrilburgh, and 103
W by S of Philadelphia. The town is
jregularly laid out, and contains about 100
houfes,a German Lutheran, and aCalvin-
ift church. N Ut. 39 54.
Bertvick, a poft town of Luzerne co.
Pennrylvania,a34 miles from Wafliington.
Berviifk, or Nnu*B*rvtitk, a fmall town
%t*i
45
bf tforthumberland co. Peonfylvania, on
the N weftem fide of the E branch of Su'f^
quehannah R. nppofite Nefcopeck Falls)
and Nefcopeck Creek, 33^ miles NE from
Northumberland and Sunbury, at the
jundlion of the E with the W branch of
Sufquehannah, and 160 N W of Philadel-^
phia. N Iat. 41 3. The plan of the towil
IS regular, contains about 70 dwellings, a
German Lutheran and Calvinift church.
Beribiek, a poft tOwn in York co. Maine,
containing 3891 inhabitants. It has an
incorporated academy, and lies on the E
fide of Salmon Fall R. 7 miles N W of
York, and 86 £ of N from Boftoui
Betbabara, the firft fettlement of the
Moravians in the lands of Wachovia, in
N. Carolina, begun id 1753 ; 6 miles N of
Salem, and 183 W of Halifax, in N Iat. %6
9. It is fituated on the W fide of 6rafly
Creek, which unites with the Gargales,
and feveral others, and falls into the Yad-
kin. It contains a church of the United
Brethren, and about 50 dwelling houfes.
Bethany, or Betbania, a Moravian fettle
ment and poft town, in Stoke's co. N.Caro'
lina, begun ini76o; 9 miles NWof Salem,
4 N W of Betbabara, and 380 S W by S
of Wafliington. It contains about 60
houfes, and a church, built on a regular
plan. See Wachovia.
Bethel, a fmall Moravian feUleiheiit on
Swetara R. in Pennfylvania, la miles from
Mt. Joy. A townfliip in Dauphin co.
Beibeft a townfliip in Windfor co. Ver-
mont, containing 473 inhabitants ; N N
W of, and bounded by Stockbridge, and
about 67 miles N N eafterly of Benning-
ton. It gives rife to a fmall branch of
White River.
Betbel,3i townfliip in Delaware co. Penn-
fylvania.
Bethel, a town in York co. Maine, lying
moftly on the S fide of Great Amcreflcog-
gen River. A fmall and narrow ftrip
however lies on the N fide adjoining Rum-
ford, N eafterly.
Bethlehem, A tavin in Albany co. N.York,
very fruitful in p^ftures, and makes large
quantities of excellent butter. By the
ftate cenfus of 1796, 388 of the inhabit-
ants are elc<fIors.
Bethlehem, a townfliip in Berkfliire CO.
Malfachufetts, having 488 inhabitants.
It lies about 10 miles S of £ from Stock-
bridge, 10 from Lenox, and 130 from
Boftun. It borders on Tyringham and
and Loudon.
Bethlehem, a townfl\ip in Hunterdon co.
N. Jerfey, fituated at the htad of the,S
braochi
fie, &c.
BEU
BIG
brancli of Rariton River. Turf for & ring
is found here. . , , _
BetlLiiem, a townfliip in Litchfield co.
Connc<Slicut, joins Litch£eld on tlic N,
and Woodbury on the S. .
Bethlehem, a poft town in Northampton
qb. Pcimfylvaiiia, U a celebrated Icttlc-
ment of the Moravians, or UniteJ JJrttb'
wB.of the Proteftant Epil'copal church, as
they term themfelvcs. It is fituated on
Lebigii R. a weftern branch of the Dela-
ware, 53 miles northerly from Philadel-
phia, and i8 foutherly'from the IVind
Cap. The town Aands partly on the
lower banks of the Manakes, a tine creek,
which affords trout and other fifti. The
fituation is healthful and pleafant, aiid in
fummer is frequented by gentry from
different parts. It has 800 inhabitants.
Befide the meeting houfe, are 3 other
public buildings, large and fpaCious ; obe
for the linglc brethren, one for the fingle
ilflers, and the other for the widows.
The literary e(iablin\ments, as well as the
religious regulations, here, deferve notice.
In a honfe adjoining to the church, is a
fchool for females ; and fince 1787, a
boarding fchool for young ladies, who arc
fent here from different parts, and arcin-
firuAcd in reading and writing (in the
Englifli and Cermaii tongues) grammar,
arithmetic, geography, needle work, mu-
fic, &c. The miniftcr of the place has
the difecSkion of this as well as of the
boys' fchool, which is kept in a feparate
houfe, where they are initiated in. the
fundamental branches of literature. Thefe
fchools, efpecially that for the young la-
dies, are defervedly in vety high repute ;
and fcbolars, more than can be accommo-
dated, are offered from all parts of the
United States. There is at the lower part
of the town a machine, of fimple conflruc-
tion, which raifes the water, from a fpriug,
into a rcfervoir, to the height of loc feet ;
whence it is conducted by pipes ir;to the
feveral ftreets of the town. There is a
genteel tavern at the N end of the town,
the profit arifing from which, belongs to
the fociety. There is alfo a ftore, with a
gentral aflbrtment of goods, an apothe-
cary's fhop, a large tanyard, a currier's,
and a dyer's flicp, a grift mill, a fulling
mill, an oil mill, and a faw mill, and on
the banks of the Lehigh, a brewery. N
Jat. 40 37, Wlon. 75 14.
Bethlehem, a port town, Southampton co,
Virginia, 119 miles from Wafliington.
£e>if, Hevicre au, empties eaftwardly in-
to Miffifippi R, in N lat. 39 4 ; about 48
Vot. I. F
miles, by the courfe of the river, above
tie mouth of the Illinois, and 7 miles S
frum Riviere Oahali.i.
Jieuf, Small Lt. tee Le Boeuf.
^.-wr/y,a poft town in EiTcx co. Mafla-
chufetts, containing 3881 inhabitants, is
feparated from Salem by a handfome
bridge, and is about 15 miles E of N of
Bollon, and J2 S W of Ncv/buryport. It
has. four pariflics. In the p:Hri.ilics next
the harbour, arc a number ol' handiome
houfes, exhibiting the cliecving reward*
of eutcrpiife and induftry, and the inhab-
itants are devoted to the fiftieiy and other
branches of navigation. In the other
part of the town, which is chiefly agrictrl-
tural, is a cotton nianufadtory. The
bridge, mentioned before, is 1500 feet ia
length, ereiSledin 17S8, and connedls this
town with Salem. It has a draw for veffels.
Beverly, a townfliip in York co. U. Can-
ada, W of Flamborough, oppofite Dundas
ftreet.
BihL's Ferry, in Charlotte co. Virginia,
where a poft office is kept, 251 miles from
Wafliington.
Buddies, a fettlemcnt on a branch of
Licking R. in Bourbon co. Kentucky ;
about 6 miles N W from Millers, on the
N E fide of the fame branch, and 32 mile*
N N £ from Lexington.
BidJeford,a. port of entry and poft town
in York co. Dlftridl of Mnine, on the t»
W fide of Saco R. on the fea coaft, 14
miles S \V from Portland, 34 N E froiu
York, and 105 from Bofton. It contains
1296 inhabitants ; here the county
courts arc held, as likcwil'e at York. N
lat. 43 26.
Bieque Jfiani, or Bor'tquen, or Craht Tfli,
one of the Virgin Illes, a leagues fronv
Porto Rico, 6 leagues long, and a broad.
The Englifli fettled here twit;e, and have
been driven away by the Spaniards, whole
intereft it is to let it remain defolaie. Ic
has a rich foil, and a good road on its S
fide. Lat 182 N, Ion. 64 30 W.
Big Bene Creek, in Woodford co. Ken-
tucky, falls into the Ohio from the E, in
about N lat. 39 17, W Ion. 85 54. It is
very fmall in lize, and has 3 branches ;
thcN wefternnioft interlocks with Bank
Lick Creek, which falls inco Licking R.
It is only noticeable for the large bones,
and fait licks near it.
Bi^ Bene Licit, The, lie on each fide of
the abovementioned ci eek, a little bcJow
the juudlion of the two eaflern hianches,
aijcut 8 miles from the mouth ot the creek.
Thtfc, as alfo the other fait fprings, in the
wcftera
i ;
I.
BIO
"\Tfflorn country, -re cailctl .L!ci',hccn\\(e
tne cHftli al)()iu tlicin is t'urrowetl up in a
iiiofl curious iv.:iniu;r, by ihcbuffjlocs and
deer which lick the t:uth, on account of
the falVne particles wiih whicli it is im-
pregnated. A (trc;tm of brackifli water
ruHi through thvjlc licks, thr loil of which
is a loft clay. 'I'lc large b'mes found
here, and in fcv. ral other places next fait
licks, and in low ttjft grounds, thougiit to
h';long to the n\amiiioth, ftltl ^Mizzle the
moft learned naturalilh to determine to
what nnimal ihcy have hdoiiged'. A thigh
bone found here by Gen, Parfoiis, rtreaf-
\xrcA forty fiiiie inches in tcnpth-. A tooth
of this animal is depoffiedlin Y'.ife Col lege.
Mr. JclFerfori, who ll-ems tcr have exam-
ined the Ikeleton of one of thefe animals
with curious attention, fays, that " The
bones befpeak an aniniilt o^ ftve or fix
t'litics the cubic vohr.nc oi' an elephant,"
as M. BufFon hasadmittt;!. Of this animaf
the natives have no tradition, but what \s
i'o fabiHoui, tliat no conicd.ure can be aid-
ed by it, except that the animal was car-
nivorous ; and tliis is the general opinion,
and was admihtd by tlit late Dr. Hun-
ter, of London, iroin iu\ examination of
the lulko, &c.
B g E.:,ly Grove, in LivintrfFoiT co. Ken-
tucky. A poll olRce is cflaUliflied here,
Sn milcirfrom Walliinj^ton. '
if'if J'lttitcj, in Raii(lo!ph co. Indiana
Teifitoi y, whtro is a poll ollkc, 933 milts
from V^'alhington.
Jiig Hill Cr.ri, runs W into Kafkafkias
R. 2 5 miles below Beaver Creek, 17 above
Blind"(l;rcck,and 26 northerly from the
niouch of Kaikaikias.
-^'.??"' Shvamf). See F!nnt!C Jfivrr.
• B'l,; Roct, A large rock on the S E bank
of Au Vazc R. about 3 miles NE from
fts mouth hi the Mlfllfippi, and about 8
miles S E from Cape St. Antonio, on that
river.
Bh^ Rm-t' 'B'-.inch, the N eaftcrn head
branch o'f Alleghany R. The branch
called Big Hole Town joins it, and forms
the Alleghany, 85 miles M li from, and
above, Venango Fort.
B'l^ S.ili LHk,A garrifon in the Hate of
TcnelFee, near tlie Salt Lick, on Cumber-
land R. 11.7 miles from Knoxvilh ; 80
tVom S. W. Point, on Clinch R. 32 from
Blfdroc Lick, and 68 from Nafliville.
B'lr' Sandy Riv.-r, or Tottervy, has its
fource near that of Cumberland R. and,
I'cparating Virginia from Kentucky, emp-
ties into the Ohio, oppofite the French
Putchaftf of Oaliopoliijin about N lat.
BIR
38 30. Vancouver's and Harmar's forty
Hand on this river. On its banks arc
Several I'alt licks and fprings. Little Sant/y,-
is a flmrt.finall river, which falls into the
Ohio, about 20 miles W of Big Sandy R..
in Mafon co. Kentucky.
Bitli-rica, a pofV (Own in Middlefexcoi
Mad'achuleits, incnrporated in 1655. It
has 1383 inhabitants ; nor has there betn-
much variation in the number for half a
century. It lies ao miles northward of
Cofton, and is watered by C(mcord and
Shawtliecn rivers, which run N eafterly
into Merrimack River.
Bitlin^^sport, on Delaware River, lies iz
miles below Pluladelphia, was fortified in
the late war, for the defence of the chan-
nel. Oppofite this fort, fevcral large
frames of timber, headed with iron
fpikes, called chevaiix de frizes, were funk
to prevent the BritiHi fliips from palBng.
.Since the peace, a curious machine haS-
bcen invented in Philadelphia, to raifc
them.
Billet. See Hjthrmij^h.
Billymead; in Caledonia co. in Ver-
mont, 25 miles N of Barnet.
Bimiiii I/i'c, (me of the Bahama iflands,
near tiie channel of Bahama, and E of
Cape Florida. It is about 8 miles ire
length, and as much in breadth ; covered
v.'ith trees, and inhabited by the aborig-
ines of America. It is very diflicult of
arccli, on account of the flioah ; but is a
pleafanl place, and is faid to have a good
haibour. N lat. 25, W Ion. 79 30.
Binirooi, a townfliip in Lincoln co. U.
Canada, between Salt fleet, Glandford,
and Caiftor.
B'wbio, or Skphio, a rFvcr in Chili, the
largeft in that kinndom. It rifes in the
Andes, enters the S. Sea near the city of
Conception, oppofite the iflc of .'Vvequi-
rina, in lat. 37 S; running through veins
of gold and fields of farlaparilla. It is
the boundary between the Spaniards and
fevcral Indian nation?, their enemies ;
which obliges them to keep ftrong garri-
foii^ upon it.
B'lnh, a ftream about 20 miles long,
which falls into the Penobfcot on its W
fi(I(?, in Townfliip No. 4,oppofuc Orfon's
Ifland, about 3 miles above the Great
Falls, and nearly oppofite Sunkharc
River.
Bird Frrt, on Monongahela R. 40 miles
S of Fort Fitr.
Birds Key.', a rock or flland among the
Virgin iflcs in the W. Indies. It is round,
and lies -.ibaut i leagues S of St. John's. It
las Its
T/hich
63 20.
Birti,
in the '
habited
Mulatt
tile« an(
the rivi
tanrcs ;
irmar's foits^
I banks arc
Little Sani/y,.
\i\\i into the
lig Sandy R..
4id(11efexcOi
in 165.5. ''
IS there been
;;r for lialf a
orthward of
Oncord and'
n N caftcrly
Liver, lies ii
sfortiiied in
of the chan-
rveral large
with iron
s, were funk
rom palling,
riachine ha^
>iia, to raife
:o. in Ver-
ama idand!:,
la, and E of
8 miles in
th ; covered
the ahorig-
difiicult of
ih ; but is a
have a good
79 30.
coin CO. ir.
Glandford,
Chili, the
rifes in the
the city of
Avcqui-
rough veins
ilia. It is
aniards and
enemies ;
rong garri-
of
miles long,
on its W
fuc Orfon's
the Great
Sunkharc
R. 40 miles
amonjT the
It is round,
Jdhn's. It
k3»
B I. A
las its name from the quantities of birds ,
T/I»ich refort there. N lat. 17 5J, W Ion. |
Biru, a town 10 leagues from Truxilla, !
in the >'. Sea, in the empire of Peru; in-
habited by about 80 Indians, Spaniards,
Mulattoes, and Mellccs. It is very fer-
tile, and well watered 4»y canals cut from
the river, and f« conveyed to great tliX-
tanres ; as 'i'ruxilla. S lut. 8 24, W
It 9 £ ,
'■ay Bay 1 the N eaftern corner '
Trcpalfey Bay in tlieiflandof Newfound-
land ; which lies in the S caAcrn part of
the ifl;«nd.
.fl//Iav, a province of Mexico, abound-
ing in iiJver mines, having N. Mexico on
the N, and Florida on tlic W. Tlvc river
.de la NalTas runs through a great part
of it.
Black LIci, lies in Weftmoreland co.
Pcnnfylvania, about 36 miles K of I'ittf-
'burgh.
Blaci Point, and Bine Point, are capes
\(rithin thofe of £1izal>eth and Porpoifc,
in the Diltrid: of Maine.
Bloii X. There are two fmall rivers
of this name in Vermont, one falls into
iConncdticut R. at Springfield, the otlier
runsN into Lake Mcmphremagog.
Blaei R. in N. York, rifes near the
northern branches of the Mohawk. Its
<ourfe is firft S W, then N W within 30
miles of Fort Stanwix, where it receives
Moofc River from the E. As tliey unite
they rulTi over a precipice 63 feet per-
pendicular into a broad bafon, thence it
^ireAs its courfe N N W, a ftill and wide
ftrtam, 4a mrles, where it has an inconlid-
erable fall, thence it turns W, and after a
courfe of zs milts of continued falls and
rapids, it enters Hungry b.iy 20 miies
above the outlet of Lake Ontario.
Black R. in N. York, rifing inOfwegat-
chic Lake, which enters the St. Lawrence
60 miles below its outlet from Lake On-
tario.
Black R, a long river which rifes in Vir-
ginia, and pafles fouth eafterJy into Nol-
tdway R. in N. Caiolina.
Black Rivnr, a Britifli fettlcnieut aX the
mouth of Tinto R. 30 leagues to the E
of Cape Honduras, the only harbour on
the coaft of Terra Firma, from the iiJand
x)f Rattan to Cape Gracias a Dios, and was
for more than 60 years the refuge of the
logwood cutters.whenthcSpaiiiaids drove
them from the forefts of E.Yucatan, which
f>ccarioned adventurers of dilFercnt kinds
tuftttlc here, where tJic coillisfiiiidy,lo\v
IM. A
and fw,impy ; higher up near the rivers
and lagoons, wliich are full of filli, the
I'oil is more f(--itile, and produces plau-
tiuics, cocoa trtcs, maize, yams, potatoes,
an<l v.aritty of vc'i;ctal)lc> ; uiul the palVion
for drinking f[)iiit-., ni.ide tlieni plant lu-
g:ir canes. 'I'iie forcits are full of deer,.
Mexican fwine and game, 'i'he fliorts
abound with turtle, and the woods with
mahognny, zchrawood, farfaparilla, &.c.
^uff indeed the whole ftttK-mv^nt (lourillits
.,H)iitane(uil'v "-ithout cultivation.
JUiick R, in the illand -of Jamaica, pjifTi ■<
lhr()u_^h a level country, is tlie deeped and
largell in the ill.iTnl, ;nid will admit flat
bottomed boats and canoes for about 30
milts.
Llickbmn Sfiin^s, in Jackfon CO. Ttn-
elTee, where a port oflicc is-kt^t, 655
njilcs from A\'afliingt()n.
Black Sivai/ifi, in St. Peter's parifli, .S-.
Carolina, where a pod oflice is kept, 63*
nulcs from WuHiington.
BlaciP'xi!^ n fmrtll tiver which has its
fource in Ramlliorn pond, in S.i!tton, Maf-
fachuletiSjand aftcripaJl'ing through Prov-
i<lence, empties into Karraga^ifet Bay at
Briftol, receiving in its courlc a number
of tributary flreams.
Blactivat;'ry-A. place in the S part of Vir-
giniaion a river of the name, which unites
with the Nottaway. Here the Friends
hold a yearly meeting.
Black Crcik, a weftcrn water of Ningart
river, palling through the town of \ViU
loughhy above Chippewa. .. "
Biailen, a county of N. Carolina, in Wil-
mington dillriol. It has 6963 inhabitants',
including 2278 ilaves. , •
Bladevjhirg^h, a pott town ill Prince
George co Maryland, on the calteni bank
of the caflern branch of Pato^vmack R. at
tljc confluence of the N W and N K
brani,lie€; 6 miles from Wafliington ; 38
S W from Baltimore, and 12 N E from
Alexandria, in Virginia. It contains about
160 houfes, and h wareboufc for the in-
i'pcction of tobacco.
Biaize, Cape, on the coaft of W. Florida,
in the gulf of Mexico, is a promontory
which feparatcs the bay of AjjaLehe on
the E from that of .St. Jolcph ; into which
Lilt it turns in the Ihape of a Ihcpherd'ts
crook.
Blanca, a river in the province of Clii-
dpa, in the audience of Mexico, in New
Spain, N. America. Its water is faid to
have a petrifying quality, yet is clear,
and does no harm to niau or beuA that
drinkij of it.
BUm'
BLE
B.'sma Captt. Tiiere are many capf s of
thi» name, as follow, i. The N weflern
point of the hay of Salinas, ijn the loth
degree of N latitude ; and on the coad of
Terra Firma ; und, in other maps, is call-
ed tlie N weftern point of the gulf ot Ni-
coya. a On the c< "^ ot California, at
tho broaden part of the pcninfula, in the
3 id degree of N hit. 3. On the N W coaft
of America, in New Albion, fouthward
of the mouth of what has been called the
JH'fver of the IVeJl, in the 44th degree of N
lat. 4 A promontory of Peru, in S. Amer-
ica, on the coaft of the S. Sea, i zo miles
S W of Ouayai|uil, S. h-t. 3 45, W Ion. 83^
5. A cape in the fouthern ocean, on the
E lido of Patagonia, S calhvard of Julian
Bay, i;i the 47th degree of S latitude, 8
leagues W of PepysS Ifland.
Blanco, or Blanca, an ifland 35 leagues
from Terra l-irma, and N of Margarita I.
in the province of New Andalulia. It is
flat, low, and uninhabited ; having favan-
nahs of long grafs ; is dry and healthy ;
has plenty of guanas, and fome trees of
lignumvitx. N lat. 1 1 50, W Ion. 64 jo.
Blanco, an ifland on the S eaftcrn part
of the pcninfu' of Yucatan,in N.Spain.
Nlat. ai,VV]. .is-
Blan/orJ, a tv ifliip in Lunenburg co.
en Mahon Bay, Nova Scotia, fettled by a
few families.
Blandford, a poft town in Hampftiire co.
"Mafrachufclts, W of Weft£cld ; about 25
miles S W of Norrhampton, and i io W of
SoAon. It has 17 78 inhabitants.
Blandfiri^ a town ia Prince deorge co.
Virginia, feparated from Petcrlburgh by a
fmall creek, over which is a bridge. It
contains 2C0 houfes and 1 2co inhabitants,
and is pleafantly fituated on a plain. Here
are many large Aores, and 3 tobacco
vrarehoul'csi which receive annually 6 or
■7000 hhds. It is a thriving place ; and
the marflies in its vicinity being now
drained, the air of this town, and that of
Pctcrfburgh, is much meliorated.
Blanford, a townfliip in W. Riding of
York CO. U. Canada, on tho Thames, op-
pofite Oxford.
Blai, St. a cape on the coaft of the North
Pacific Ocean, near which, to the S E
ftands the town of Conipoftclla, in the
province of Zalifca, in N. Spain.
BIrdfie Lict, in the ftate of I'eneflee.lics
3a miles from Big Salt Lick garrifon, and.
36 from Naflivilic.
Bl iiheim, a town in Schoharie co. N
York, incorporated in i797,about 2j miles
SW of Schoharie. .. ,. .
r-\.
BLU
Slaci TJlaiid, called by the Fndians Manlfi
fts, is in Newport co. R. Ifland. It was
eredlcd into a townfltip, named Nnu
Sbnreba-n, in 1672. This ifland is 7 miles
in length, and its breadth 4 miles. It lies
8 leagues S S \V from Rhode Ifland, and 7
£ by N from the P: end of Long Ifland. It
has 714 inhabitants It is fnmous for cat-
tle and Iheep, butter and cheefe ; round
the led;;cs of the ifland confiderablc quan-
tities or end filh are caught. 1 he fouth-
ern part of it is in N lat. 41 8.
BtaciUy, A towiifliip in Philadelphia co.
Pennlylvania.
Bloorffield, a village of N. Jerfey.-j miles
N of Newark. It has a Prelbyterian church
and public library. In the vicinity are
excellent quarries of freeftone.
Bloomfetd, a poft town in Ontario co. N.
York, having 1940 inhabitants, 10 mile*
W of Canandarque,
Bhoming yale,a. trac!l ©f land in the towii-
fliip of Maniius-, N. York Aate, on Butter-
nut Creek.
Blount, a county in the ftate of Tenef-
f©e, bounded foutherly by lands retained
by the Indixns. Its principal ftreams are
the Holfton, Little River, and fome fmall
branches of the Tcneflee. It contains
5526 inhabitants, 339 arc flaves.
Bl»u»/fvUle,in N. Carolir-', is on the poft
road from Halifax to Plymouth, 49 miles
from Plymouth, and S5 f""""! WiUiamf-
town.
BloTintfville, the county to>vn of Sullivan
CO. Teneflee.
Blucfieldi Bay, lies S eaftward of Savan-
nah la mar, in the ifland of Jamaica, hav-
ing good anchorage for large vefTels. N
lat. 18 io-|, Wlon.78.
Blwjii'lds, a town fituated at the S E
point of the country called the Mofjuito
Jhort. It has a good harbour except that
at its entrance is a bar on which are
on.ly 12 feet water. At this place ends
the real jurifdidlion of the Mofquito king,
though he exadls tribute from all the in-
habitants on the fea fliore ico leagues fur-
ther Ibuthward. The country back of
Bluefields is high land.
Bluehill, a poft towTi in Hancock co.
Maine, on the W fide' ©f Union R 344
miles N E of Bofton,and 13 E of Penobfcot.
Blue Hill Bay, IS formed by Naflie;!^
Point on tjie \V, and Mount Cefart I. on
the E. It extends northerly up to a moun-
tain on the E of Penobfrot R. which, from
its appearance at fea, is railed Blue Hill,
Union R. empties into this bay.
Blue Hii'h, ri ran^e of mountains in New
' Liigland ;
BOE
-BOL
England ; whofe firft ridge in N. Hamp*
fhirc pafles through Rochefter,Barringtoii,
and Nottingham.
Blue Mountains, in Northnmpton ca
Pennfylvania, extend from S W to N E,
and a fhort way acroft the Delaware. Al-
fo, a range of mountains which run from
S £ to N W through Slurry co. in the iS[-
and of Jamaica.
Blue Itidge. The firft ridge of the Alle-
ghany JMou/ifainj, in Pcnnfylvaniaand Vir-
ginia, is called the Blue Ridge ; and is a-
bout 130 miles from the Atlantic. It is
about 4000 feet high, meafuring from its
bafe ; and between it and the Noith
Mountain is. a lar^e fertile vale. The
paflage of the Potowmack through this
ridge is one of the moft (lupendous fceucs
in nature. See A'Ughauy Mountains, and
fatoivmack Rivtr.
Blue Lids, on the main branch of Lick-
ing R. in Kentucky, are fituated about 8
miles weftcrly from the Upper Blue Licks.
£oth are on the N eaftcrn fide of the riv-
er ; the latter is about 15 ipiles N £ of
Millers.
Blue Spring, lies between Big Barren and
Little Barren rivers, S branches of Green
R. in Mercer's co. Kentucky; about 2 z
miles Swefterly from Sulphur Spring, and
i.l S of Craig's Fort, on the N fide of
Green R.
Blue Stone Creek, a fmall weftcrn branch
of the Great Kanhaway.
Blue Water JRivcr, rifes among the fouth-
ern branches of Duck River, and empties
into theTeneflee. It is afcended by boats.
Bocca Cbiea, the fh-ait or entrance into
the harbour of Carthagcna, in Terra Fir-
ma, S. America ; defended by feveral forts
^nd guns, which were all taken by the
Britifh forces in 1741.
Bocca del Drago, a ftrait between the il-
and of Trinidad and Andalufia, in the
province of Terra Firma, S. America.
BedweU's Falls, in Merrimack R. lie be-
tween Andover and Methuen, about 5
miles below Fatucket Falls. Near this is a
bridge uniting Methuen and Andover.
Bodet Point, is on the N fliore of Lake St.
Francis, near the boundary line between
U. and I^, Canada. Bodet River, runs into
Lake St. Francis £ of Bodet Point.
Smyth.
Bneuf, Le, a place in the N weflern cor-
ner of Pennfylvania, at the head of the N
branch of French Creek, and 50 inilcs
from Fort Franklin, where this Creek joins
the Alleghany ; meafuring tiie diflance by
water. The French fort of Lc Boeuf,
f<om which the place has Its name, la«
about % miles E from Small Lake, which n
on the N branch of French Creek ; and
from Le Boeuf, there is a portage of 1 4
miles nortlicrly, to Prcfque Ifle, m I^ake
Erie ; whtre the Frencli had another fort.
From Le Boeuf, to Prcfquc Ifle, is a con-
tinued chefnut bottom Iwamp (except for
about I mile from the former, and %
from tlie latter) and the road between
thefe two places, tor 9 miles, soy tan ago,
was made with logs, laid upon the fwunp.
N lat. 42 I, Wlon 7953*0.
Boggy Creek, rifes among the caftcrh
branches of Poplar Creek, and empties
into the Teneflec juft .ibove the Mufde;
Shoals. Below its mouth there is a beau-
tiful bluff 40 feet perpendicular, whence
there is an extcnfivc profpedl up and
down the river. Hurricane Creek is A
branch of Boggy Creek.
Bnhemia, a broad, navigable river, TO
miles long, which runs \V N W into F.lk
River, ixt Maryland, 1 1 miles bdow Elk-
ton. ■■ '
Bobio, a river of Chili, in S. Amerieiu
Boil Blanc Ifiakd, in U. Canada, lies \h,
in the flrait between Lake Erie and LaVc;
St.Clair,conta{ning 150 to iooacres ofgcod
land, covered with wood. 'I'he conmKJh
channel, which is n3rrow,is between it altd
thc£ fliore, and forms the beft harbour ia
tills country. This ifland commands the
Detroit river from Lake Erie. At its urf-
per end are good mill feats. A wider flup
channel, tbou2i\ lefs frequented, is on th«
W of the ifland. ' Smyth.
JSolatola, one of the Society IJles, wluch
fee.
Bolinbreke, a town in Talbot co. eaflern
fhore of Maryland, and 5 miles £ of Ox-
ford. It lies on the N W point of Chop-
tank River.
Bolton, a townfhip in Chittenden co.
Vermont, on Onion U. about 104 miles N
N E from Bennington.
Bolton, a townmip in Tolland co. Con-
nefticut, incorporated in 1720; and v.-a»
fettled from Weathersfield, Hartford, and
Windfor, 14 miles Efrom Hartford.
Bolton, a townfliip inWorcefter co.Maf-
fachufetts ; 18 miles N E from Worcefter,
and 34 Wfrom Bofton. It contains 945
inhabitants. There is a fine bed of lime-
ftone in this town, from which confidera-
ble quauties of good lime are made yearly.
BolUtt, a townfliip in Wafliington co.
N. York, between Scroon Lake and I,aVe
George. It has 959 inhibitauts ; ic or la
miles S E of Ticondcroga.
\
il
Bomhi
TuV,
BON
BOR
Sowfon/e-, a fort and village on tl\e N
|>eninrul:i of St. Domingo Kland, about .■?
icague* N nf La Vi.ae forme ; 6 S E of
«hc Mole, and « from I'ort de Paix, as
the road runs. N lat. 19 41.
Biimbiiy IIuoi,»a illand at tiie mouth of
Delaware R. ahout 8 milea U>n^; aud a
broad, formed by the Delaware on the
jeaAern fide, and Duck Cict..c and Little
Duck Creek on the Maryland fide ; thel'e
«re united together by a natural canal It
i» propofcd to counedl Delaware R. with
Chefapeak Bay, by a canal from Duck
Creek to that bay, through Chefter R.
See Cfrtfitr Jiivir. The N W end of Bom-
bay Hook is ;t bout 47 miles from Capes
Henlopen and May, from the Hook to
Reedy. I. is 9 miles.
Bombasine Rapids, on a river in Lincoln
«o. Diftrii^ of Maine, are navigable for
boats with fomt lading, at a middUng pitch
■of water. They took their name from
Bombazine, an Indian warrior, who was
ilain by the £ng^illi in attempting to crols
them.
Bomiazini, a lake, 7 or 8 miles long, in
Ahe towulhip of CalUeton, Rutland co.
Vermont.
Bonaire, an idand, almoft uninhabited,
on the coafl of Venizuela, in the kingdom
of Terra Firma, about ao leagues from the
continent, and 14 £ of Curagoa, and be-
longs to the Dutch. It 13 a'mut 1 8 leagues
in compafs, and has a good bay and road
on the S W fide, near the middle of the
ifland. Here formerly were a few houfes,
and a fort with a few foldiers. There
tvere alfo 5 or 6 Indian families who plant-
ed maize, yams, potatoes, &c. I'here arc
plenty of cattle and goats, which they
lend ialtcd to,Cura9oa annually. There
is a fait pond here, where the Dutch
come forfalt. N lat. ii 16, Wlon.68 i8.
Bonamy't Point, on the fouthern fide of
Chalcur Bay, is at the N W extremity of
Eel river cove, and forms the S limit of tixe
mouth of Riftigouche river.
• Bonaventure, on the nol-thern fide of Cha-
Jeur Bay, lies about 5 leagues from New
Carlifle, which is now called Hamilton.
It was a place of confiderable commerce,
but is now declined.
Bonaveiitura , a bay, harbour, and fort,
of S. America, in Papayau, 90 miles E of
Call. N lat. % 20. W Ion. 75 18. It is the
ftaple perl of C;)!!, Papayan, Panta Fc, &c.
BvnaiiiJJn, CipeandBnyof, lie on the V.
fide of Newfoundland I. The ciipe lits
jn N lat. 48 15, W ion. 52 32, and was
(difcotfcrtd by Jjohu Cabot, aiid his fon
Sehaflian, in 1497, in the fervice oFHenry
Vli. king of England. 'I'he bay is formed
by thiH cape and that of Cape Frcels, 15
leagues apart.
BoiibamUtuiit in Middlcfex CO. N. Jerfcy,
lini about 6 miles N K from New Ilrunf-
wick.
Bjon:, a county of Kentucky, containing
15; 4 inhabitants.
Bo nrjlury, a port town in Waflimgton
CO. Maryland, 6j miles fronj Walhingtnn.
B"i,nit Buy, lies on the W fidt (if New-
foundland I. 2 2 leagues N by E of bt.
George's Harl>i>ur. N lat. 49 .^5.
Boojittnu, a Anal! pofi town in Morris
CO. N. Jerky, on the port road between
Roc ka way and Suflex court lioufe; I16
miles from Philadcli>}iia.
Buon IfianJ, on the coaft of Maine, be-
tween tiic mouth of York R. ai;d Cape
Neddock
' .5(A)n/2orevj'£,inMaddiron CO Kentucky,
lies on the S fide of Kentucky R. at the
mouth of Otter Creek, 15 miles S £. of
Lexington, and 35 N E from Danville.
Bjonj Creel, a fmall N branch of Ken«
tucky R.
BoBih Bay, a town and bay on the coaft
of Lincoln co. Maine, in N lat. 43 42,
about » miles W of Pcmaquid Point.
The bay firetchef! within the land about
12 miles, and receives two fmall (Ireams.
On it is a town, havinj^ 997 inhabitants.
This town and bay were originally called
Townfcnd, which fee.
Bouquet £. paiTes through the town of
\Villfl)orough, in Clinton co. N. York,
and is navigable for boats about 2 miles ;
and is there interrupted by falls, on which
are mills. At this place are the remains
of an intrcnchmenc, thrown up by Gen.
Burgoyne.
Bcrc'entotvn, a pleafant poft town in
Burlington co. N. Jerfcy, fituated at the
mouth of CrofTwicks Creek, on the E
bank of a great bend of Delaware R. 6
miles below Trenton, 9 N E from Bur-
lington, by water, and 15 by land, and 24
miles NE from Philadelphia. Through
this town, which contains about ic o
houfes, and .1 Baptift and Quaker meeting
houfe, a line of fl;igfs pafl'cs from New
York to Philadelphia. Ihe fccond dl-
vifion of Heilians was placed in this town,
in December, 1776; and by the road
leading to it, 6co men of that nation
el'caped, when Gen. Wafliington lurprifcd,
and made prifoncrs of 886 privates, and
2T, ficfiian tifTicers, at Trenton.
Boiiqueit, jOr Crabs JJland. See Bicqiie.
BOS
BOS
Bor^nr, Lf, a town on the north fide of
fhc northern pciiinliilaor tl»c illaoH of St.
Domingo, ;, Icaj^nts \A by N of Pori Mar-
j.(>t, Hiid 8 £ liy S of I'ort dc I'aix. N lat.
19 49-
/f'));V, a town in Pern, fitiiated on the
hcul watc*r« of Ani.iy.oii K.
//cr/iT, n town in l!ra/il,on the S caftcrn
bink of Uraguay R. b ht. 29 i j W Ion.
36 .10.
Bofca'^ven, a port town in Hillfboroui^h
CO. N. H;aiipflilrc, on the wtftfrn hank of
Merrimack R. above Concord; 43 miles
N W of Exeter, and 38 S E of Dartmouth
College; having 1108 inhabitants. Bof-
cawen Hills art in this neighbourhood.
Boflon, a port town, and the capital of
the ftiite of MiifTachufetts, the largelt town
in N. Enghind, and the fourtli in fize and
rank in the United States, lies in 4a 43 15
N lat. and 70 5a 41 W Ion. This town,
with the towns (rf Hingham, Chelfea, and
Hull, conftitute the county of Suffolk;
176 miles S W of WifcalFct, 61 S by W
of Portfmouth, 164 N E of New Haven,
a.si N E of N. York, 347 N E of Phila-
dclphia,and 500 N E of the city of Wafh-
ington. Boflon is built upon a pcninl'ula
of irregular form, at the bottom of Maf-
I'acluifetts Bay, and is joined to the main
land by an ifthmns on the fouth end of
the town leading to Roxbury. It is two
miles long, but is of unequal breadth;
the broadtrt part is 716 yards. The pen-
infula contains about 700 acres (ot)ier
accounts fay 1000) on which are about
1600 dwelling hotrfes. The number of
inhabitants in 1790 was 18,038, in 1800,
44,937. The town is interfered by 97
ftreets, 36 lanes, and 26 alleys, befides 18
courts, &c, moft of thtfe are irregular, and
not very convenient. State ftrcet, Com-
mon ilreet, and a few others, are excep-
tions to this general eharatSler ; the former
is very fpacious, and being on a line with
Long Wharf, where ftrangers ufualiy
land, exhibits a flattering idea of the town.
Here are nineteen edifices for public wor-
fliip, of which nine are for Congrega-
tionalifts, three for Epifcopalians, and
two for Biiptiffs ; the Friends, Roman
Catholics. lVIethodifts,San lemanians and
Univerfatifls have one each. Moft of thefc
arc ornamented with be jutiful fpires.with
clocks and bells. The other public build-
ings are the old State Houfe, now con-
verted into offices, florcs, &c. Court
Houfe, a Theatre, Concert Hall, Faneuil
Hall, Gaol, an Alms Houfie, lately creifled
at theNW part of the towBi fpacious,
and commodious, and the moft eTcjraiMf
building of the kind in the United .States'.
Franklin Place, adjoining Federal ftrcet*
Theatre, is a Jjrcat ornament to tlic town ;
rt contains a monument of Dr. hranklin,
from whom it takes itir name, and is rn-
compaifcd on two iides with elcr.int build-
ings. Here are kept, in capacious rooms,
given and fitted up for the pnrpofc, the
Boffon Library, and the valuabl'e Collec-
tion!! of the Hiflorical Society. Moft of
the public buildings are handfome, and
lome of ihem arc ele^'ant ; particularly
the new State Houfe, created on the S
fide of Beacon Hill, fronting the Mall,
the corner ftone of which was laid with
great formality and parade on the 4th of
July, 1795. This buildin<i overtops the
monument on Beacon Hill, and is one of
the moft elegant in the United States. It
iti an oblong building, 173 ftet front, and
61 deep, it conftfts externally of a bale-
ment fbry, ao feet hioh, and a jJVincipal
ftory, 30 feet. This in the centre of the
from is crowned with an Attic 60 feet
wide, ao feet high, whit h is covered with
a pediment : Immediately above this rifes
a dome 50 feet diameter and 30 high, the
v/holt terminated with an elegant circular
lanthorn, fui)porting a gilt pine cone, an
emblem of one of our principal ftaples.
The bafemcnt ftory is linilhed plain on
the wings with fcjuare windows. The
centre is 94 feet in length, and formed of
arches which projeiit 14 feet ; they forn>
a covered walk below, and fupport a col-
onade uf Corinthian columns of the fame
extent above. The outfide walls are of
large patent bricks, witli white marble
fafcias, imports and key dones The low-
er ftory is divided into a large hall or
public walk in the centre, s^ feet fquarc
and ao high, fupported by Do*ic columns ;
two entries, each 16 feet wide, with two
flights of ftairs in each, and at the cnd.i
offices for the Treafurer ,ind Secretary of
the commonwealth. 'i"he rooms above
are, the Reprefentatives' room, in the cen-
tre, 55 feet f quare, the corners formed into
niches for fireplaces : this room is iinilh-
ed with Doric columns on the iides, at \%
feet from the floor, forming a gallery ; the
Doric entablature furrounds the whole;
from this fpring fovir flat arches on the
fides, which being united by a circular
cornice above, form in the angles four
large pendants to a bold and well pro-
portioned dome. The pendants are or-
namented with trophies cf Commene, Ag'
ticulture, Ptfif) and IfW. The dome i«
— ■ fr- -^i- Uuiflicd
Bbs
BOS
hUf
I '
isinietl in compartment) ut Aucco, in a
llylc oi finiplc cleg^ince. The centre of
*hc dome ii .?o feet Irom tlie fl<for. The
feats tur the members arc ranged fcmi-
circularly, and the Speaker's chair in
face of the whole. North of the centre
room is the Senate chamber, 55 teet long,
^.) wide, and 30 high; highly nniHted in
the Ionic order ; two fcrccniof eolumni,
fupport with their entablature a rich and
clc](aut arched ceiling. Thii room is alfo
ornamented with Ionic pilaAers, and with
the arms of the State, and of the United
States, placed in oppolite patincls : it is
accommodated with h gallery for public
tife. The Council chamber is oh theop^
poCtc quarter of the building ; it is 17
feet fquarc, and ao high, with a flat ceiU
ing; the walls arc finilhed with Corinth-
ian pilaftcri and panneU of ftucco ; thefc
pannels arc ehriched with the State Arms,
with emblems of Ekeeutive Power, the
fcalc and fword of Juflire, and the inCignii
of Arts and Freedom, the Cnduceus and
Cap of Liberty. The whole decorated
-with wreaths of oulc and laurel. Befide
thefe principal rooms, there are about ao
fmaller, plainly finidted for the ufe of
committees. The Qairs arc fpacious, and
two flights of them lead to the top of the
outer dome, 170 Aeps front the founda-
tion. This flight aflords an uninterrupted
viewof one of the fined I'cenesin nature.
Indeed the beauty and advantage! of this
lituation which mdueed the Legiflaturc
to make choice of it for the prefent build-
ing, arc aclcnowledged by both natives
and foreigners. It vies with the moA pic-
turefque fccnes in I'urope, and will bear
romparifon with the CaAle Hill of Edin-
burgh, the famous bay of Naples, or any
other moA commanding profpcdt. The
foundation of this builiiing is about 100
feet above the level of the harbour ; its
elevation and flze, make it a very eon-
fpicttous objedt. It is about 60 feet above
the level of the Mall, and from this fitu-
ation appears to moA advantage. 1'he
Market Place, in which Fancuil Hall is
fituated, isl'upplied with all kinds of pro-
viiions which the country affords The
Cdi market in particular, by the bounte-
ous fupplies of the pecan and rivers, not
only furniAies the rich with the rareA
produ«Stion8, but often provides the poor
with a cheap and grateful repaA. I]o.1:on
harbour is formed by Point Alderton on
the S, and by Nuhant Point on the N.
The haibour is capacious enough for 500
^cfl'cls to ride at anchsr in good depth of
Ml ';
wnter ; whilA the entrance ii fo narrow
as fcareciy to admit two Ihipt abicait, ll
ii variegated with about 40 iflands, of
which 15 only can be properly called fo ;
the others being Imall rocks or bank* of
fand, (lightly cdvercd with verdure. 'I'hcre
illands alFord excellent paAurage, hay and
grain, and arc agreeable pUces of rcfort
in fummer to parties of pleafurr. Fort
Independence, on CaAle Illand, formerly
CaAle William, is about 3 miles E of Bol-
ton, is a very Arong fnrtrefa, lately built
by the government of the U. States, at a
great expcnl'e, and defends BoAon har-
bour. I his fort is lutricicntly manned
for a peace cAabliAiment. I'he Light
Huufe Aands on a fmall illand on the N
entrance of the channel, (Point Alderton
and NautaAcet Heights being on the S)
and is about 65 feet high, Tu Acer for
it from Cape Cod, the courfc is W N W
when within one league of the Cape :
from Cape Cod to the Light Houfe is
about 16 leagues ; from Cape Ann the
couri'e ir. S W, dlAant to leagues. A can-
non is lodged and mounted at the Light
Houfe to anfwer fign.ils. Only feven of
the iflands in the bay arc within the ju-
rifdidtioii uf tlip town, and taxed with it,
viz. Noddle's, Ho,i», Long, Deer, Specflacle,
Governor's, and Apple Illands. The
wharves and quays in BoAon are about
80 in number, and very convenient for
veA'els. Long Wharf, or BuAon Pier, in
particular, extends from the .bottom of
State Areet 1743 feet intb the harbour in
a Araight line. The breadth is 104 feet.
At the end are 17 feet of water at ebb tide.
Adjoining to this wharf on the N is a
convenient wharf called Minot's T, from
the name of its former proprietor and its
form. VefTels are I'iipplied here with
frcAi water from a well furrounded by
fait water, which has been dug at a great
cxpchfe. Long Wharf is covered on the
N fide with large and commodious (lores,
feveral of which are Are proof, and in
every refpedt exceeds any thing of the
kind in the United Stiitcs. A company,
incorporated for the purpofc in 1796,
have cut a canal, on the £ fide of BoAon
neck, conneding the harbour of BoAon,
with Roxbury. The view of the town,
as it is approached from the Tea, is truly
bcautiflil and pidturtfque. It lies in u
circular and pleafmgly irregular form
round the harbour, and is ornamented
with I'pires, above which the monument
of Beacon Hill riles, which is now, how-
ever, overtopped by th.c new State Houfe.
Oa
On the 1
tioDs, cr
rcmarkal
Hill iithl
and affoil
profpe^
about 4j
breezes ;
pl6afant
adorned
addition
ly made,
bridges al
to BoAon
er, whlchl
MyAic RJ
River '
town in
feet long,
and coA
It was op
Vol. I.
ii To narrow
I abtciiit. II
iniiiidi, of
rly callid fo ;
1 or bank* of
rdurc. 'I'hefc
rage, hay and
cci of rcfort
afurr. Fort
nd, formerly
ilcsEofBol-
, lately built
f. State*, at a
fiodon har-
itly manned
The Light
nd on the M
lint Aldcrtnn
g on the S)
To ftecr for
fc is W N W
the Cape :
;ht Houfe is
ipc Ann the
DCS. A can-
at the Light
nly fcven of
ithin the ju-
iixed with it,
:r, Spcdlacle,
ands. The
are about
ivenicnt for
>oii Pier, in
bottom of
larbour in
is 104 feet,
at ebb tide,
the N is a
ot's T, from
ietor and its
here with
ounded by
at a great
red on the
ioiiB (torcSf
inf, and in
ing of the
company,
in 1796,
i of Bofton
of Bofton,
the town,
;a, is truly
lies in a
ular form
rnamented
onument
ow, how-
ate Houfc.
Oa
g'
BOS
On the bafe of the monument are infcrip*
tiona. commemorating feme of the mod
remarkable evi-nts of the late war. Beacon
Hill itthe highed ground on the peninfula,
and affords a molt delightful and cxtenfive
profpedt. The common below it contains
about 45 acren always open to refrefhing
breeze* ; on it* eaft bde i> the Mall, a very
pl^afant walk above 500 yards in length,
adorned with rows of trees, to which an
addition of about 100 yards has been late-
ly made. Charles River and Well Bollon
bridges are highly ufeful and ornamental
to Bodon ', and both are on Charles Riv-
er, which mingles it. waters with thofe of
Myftic River, in Bofton harbour Charles
River bridge connctSts Bofton with Charlef-
town in Middl^fcx county, and is 1503
feet long, 4a feet broad, ftands on 75 piers,
and coft the fubfcribers 50,000 dollars.
It was opened June 19, 1787.
Feet long.
Weft Bofton bridge ftands on 180
piers, is 3483
Bridge over the gore, 14 piers, 275
Abutment Bofton iide, 87^
Caufeway, 3344
Diftance from the end of the Caufe-
way to Cambridge meeting houfe, 7810
Width of the Bridge, 40
This bridge exceeds the other as much
in elegance as in length, and coft the fub-
fcribers 76,700 dollars. Both bridges
have draws for the admiflion of veflels,
and lamps for the benefit of evening pafT-
rngers. Seven Free Scfiools are fupport-
cd here at the public expenfe, in which
the children of every clafs of citizens may
freely alTociate together. The number
of fcholars is computed at about 900, of
which 160 are taught Latin, &c. There
.ire bcilde thefe many private fchools.
The principal focicties in the Common-
wealth hold their meetings in thi^ town,
and are, the Marine Society, American
Academy of Arts and Sciences, MafTai im-
fetts Agricultural Society, Maflhrh .fetts
Charitable Society.Bofton Epifcopul Char-
itable Society, Malfachufetts Hiftorical
•Society, So-Tiety for propagatirg the Gof-
pel, Maflachufetts C(' igregational Society,
Medical Society, Humane Society, Bofton
LibrarySociety, Bofton Mechrinic Affocia-
tion, Charitable Fire Society,ar.dMairachu-
fetts MiCionarj' Society. The foreign and
domeftic trade of Bofton is very coniidcra-
hle.to fupport which there are four Banks,
viz. the Branch of the United States £ank,
the Union Bank, the M;»(n.chufetts Bank,
and the Bofton Bank. The Maflachufetts
Vol. I. G
BOS
Bank conftft* of 8oo fliarcs of .foo dollar*,
equal to 400,000} the capital of the Union
Bank is, 1,100,000 dollar*, 400,000 of
which is the property of the State. In
1748, 500 veflels cleared out of this port
for, and 430 were enteicd from, foreign
parts. In 1784, the entries of foreign and
coafting veflels were 372, and the clear-
ance* 450. In 1794, the entri<!S fr<m
foreign ports were 567. In 1795, thefe
entries amounted to 715, of which the
fliips were 96, barques 3, fnows 9, polacr*
I, nrigs 185, dogger i, fchooncrs 362,
fhallop I, and (loops 65 ; the number
fjrce has much incrcaf d. The principal
r mufadlures coniift o' rum, loaf fugar,
boer, failcloth, ct . dage, wool and cotton
cards, plaving cpitis, put and pearl afhes,
paper ha.ij^ings, i.ais, plate glafs, tobacco,
and chocolate. There arc hirty tiitliller-
ies, two breweiics, eight 1 "^ar houles, and
eleven ropewalks. In *h \ jar 1789, the
intercouri'e with the ;ov..itry barely re-
quired two ft-iges and twelve hor' : on
the great roii : i' vcen this and Nt r Ha-
ven. In 1 75 7, th' -e were twenty carriag-
es and ono hundred horfes employed. The
number of the different ftages that run
through the week from this town, w.-is, aC
theaboveperiod, upwards of ao,eightye{4r»
before there wcreonly three. The number
hasfmcc conflderabl) increafcd. Attempts
have been n.'.Je to change the govern-
ment of the town from its prefent form to
that of a city ; hut tli.is mcafurc, not ac-
cording with the democratic fpirit of the
people, has as yet failed. At an annual
meeting in March, nine Selcdfmen arc
chofen for the governn-.ent of the town ;
.It the fame time arc choicn a Ton n Clerk,
:. '''rcafurer, la Ovcrfeers pf the Poor,
' \ enty-four Firewartls, twelve Clerks of
tne Market, twelve Scavengers, twelve
Conftablcs, befide a nunibf r of other offi-
cers. If the inhabitants do not reap all
the advantages they have a right to ex-
pe«Sl from their numerous oflicers, it is
not for want of wholefome la^v s for the
regulation of the weights, meafures and
equality of provifions or other branches of
police, but, I'crniif: the h-rvs erf net put in
ixciutioti. Befide thofe called Trained
Bands, there are four other military com-
panies in Bofton, viz. the Ancient and
Honourable Artillery Company, the Ca-
dets, Fufiliers, and Artillery. 1 lie Ancient
and Honourable Artillery Company was
incorporated in 1638, and the eledion
of a captain and officers of it for the year
i& on the firft Monday in June annually,
which
m
BOU
BOY
■■iif i I i
Vrhich is obferved here as a day of feftivi-
ty. Several officers in the American army,
who fignalized themfelves in the late war,
received their firft knowledge of tadtics in
this military fchuol. Bofton was fettled
as early as 163 1, from Charleftown : it
was called Shaumut by the Indians;
Trimountain by the fettlers in Charle down,
from the view of its three hills ; and had
its prefent name in token of refpcdk to
the Rev. Mr. Cotton, a minider of Bofton
in England, and afterwards minifter of the
iirft church here. Bofton was greatly
damaged by an earthquake in Odlober 29,
17Z7, and fmce that time has fuftercd fe-
verely by numerous fires, the houfes being
moftly built of wood. 1'he laft large fire
happened July 30, 1794, and confumed 96
houi'es, ropewalks, &c. and the account of
lofTes given in by the fuiFerers amounted
209,861 dollars. It was in Bofton that
the Revolution originated which gave in-
dependence to America, and thence flew
like an eledlrical fhock throughout the
Union. It fufFered much at the commence-
ment of the war, by the lofs of an exten-
five trade, and other calamities. Bofton
feels a pride in having given birth to
Benjamin Franklin, and a number of oth-
er patriots, who were among the moft ac-
tive and influential charatflers in efFetSling
the revolution. Great improvements have
been made in the ftreets, buildin^^s, and
police of this town, within a few years.
Bofiin Corner, a tradl of land adjoining
Mount Wafhiugton, Berkfhire co. Mafta-
chufetts, containing 67 inhabitants.
BoJIo/i, Nrw, a townfhip in Hillfborough
CO. N. Hampfliit-e, la miles s W by W
from Amufkeag Falls; 60 miles Wof f*ortf-
mouth, and a like diftance N W of Bofton.
Btjlwicis, a poft town in Stokes co. N.
Carolina, 190 miles from Wafliington.
Botetourt, a CO. in Virginia, W of the
Blue Ridge. It is 44 miles long and 40
broad. In this co. chalk is found. It con-
tains 8482 free inhabitants, and 1343
ftaves. Its chief town is Fincaftle, from
which the Swt<>t Springs are 15 miles.
Boltlfbill, a viUage in Somerfet co. N.
Jerfey, a miles N W from Chatham, and
15 N W of Elizabethtown.
Boudoir, Le, a fmal! ifland in the Pacific
Ocean, 5 lat. 175a, V^ Ion. from Paris, 15
a.C.difcovered April a, 1768, by Bougan-
ville. This ifland, the year before had been
discovered by Wallis.and named Ofr.aburg.
The natives call it Maitea, according to
the report of Capt. Cook, who viQted it
in 1 769, Quiros diTcovered tltls ifland in
1 606, and called it la Dezana. See Oftiabtrg.
Bouganville's Straits, arc at the N W end
of the ifles of Solomon.
Bougie Met, on the coaft of N. Carolina,
between Core Sound and Little Inlet.
Boundbrook, a village in Somerfet co.
N. Jerfey, on the N bank of Rariton River,
about 10 or la miles N of Brunfwick.
Bourbon, Fart, in the illand of Martinico.
Bourbon Co. in Kentucky, between Lick-
ing and Kentucky rivers, contains 13,356
inhabitants, including 1994 flaves. The
land produces wheat, 30, or 35 bufliels
upon an acre, corn about jo. Hemp
grows well. Chief town Paris.
Bourbon, a Co. laid out and organized in
the year 1 785, by the State of Georgia, in
the S W corner of the State, on the Miffi-
fippi, including the Natchez country.
The laws of Georgia were never carried
into efFcdb in this co. and it was under the
jurifdi(%ion of the Spaniards from their
conqueft of this part of the country in
1780, till it was given up to the United
States by the treaty of 1795.
Bo^v, IS a townfliip in Rockingham co.
N. Hampfhire, on the W bank of Merri-
mack R. a little S. of Concord.
Botvdoin, a townfliip in Lincoln co.
Maine, on the N eaftern bank of Andro-
fcoggin R. diftant from York, N eafterly,
36 miles, and from the mouth of Kenne-
beckR. 6 miles, and 166 N £ of Bofton.
It contains 1260 inhabitants.
Botvdoinbam, a townfliip in Lincoln co.
Maine, feparated from Pownalborough E,
and Woolwich S E, by Kenncbeck R. It
has 79a inhabitants, i j miles N W from
WifcafTet.
Boiuling Green, a village in Virginia, on
the poft road, %i miles S of Frederickf-
burg, 48 N of Richmond, and 25 N of
Hanover court houfe. A poft office is
kept here, 84 miles from Wafliington,
fouthward. There is another town or
village of this name, in Warren co. Ken-
tuckey, where is a poll oflicc, 8o3 miles
from Wafliington.
Boivcrs' Sulphur Springs, are in Bath CO.
Virginia, 291 miles from Wafliington. A
poft office is kept heie.
Boxboroiigh, a town in Middlefex co.
Mafl'achufetts, containing 387 inhabitants;
30 miles N W from Bofton.
Box/ord, a fmall town in EfTex co.
MafTachufetts, having 852 inhabitants. It
lies on the S E fide of Merrimack R. 14
miles S W of Newburyport. In the fouth-
ernmoft of its two pariflics is a bloomery.
Boyljhn, a townfliip in Worcefter co.
Maflachufetts,
f
BRA
BRA
Maflachufetts, having 1058 inhabitants;
7 miles N E of Worcefter, and 4a N W of
Bofton. It was incorporated in 1786,
having been a parifli of Shrewlbury fince
I74«;and contains by furvey, 14,396 a ;res
of land, well watered, and of a rich foil.
Bozrab, a town in New London co. Con-
ncdlicut, formerly a parifli in the town of
Norwich, 36 miles E from Hartford.
Bracken, a county of Kentucky, contain-
ing 2382 inhabitants.
BraddocVt Field, the place where Gen.
Braddock, with the firft divifion of his
army, confifting of 1400 men, fell into an
ambufcade of 400 men, chiefly Indians,
by whom he was defeated and mortally
wounded, July 9, I755-, The American
militia, who were difdainfuUy turned in
the rear, continued unbroken, and ferved
as a rear guard, and, under Col. Wafliing-
ton, the late Prcfident of the U. S. A. pre-
ferved the rc^ular^ from being entirely cut
ofF. It is fituated on Turtle Creek, on
the N E bank of Monpngahela R. 6 miles
E S E from Pittlburg.
Braddock^s Bay, on the S fide of Lake
Ontario, at the mouth of Geneflee river.
Bradford, Eajt, and IVeJt, are townfliips
in Chefter co. Pcnnfylvania.
Bradford, a townfliip in Eflex co. Mafla-
chufetts, on the S fide of Merrimack R.
oppofitfcHaverhill,io miles W of Newbu-
ryport. It has two pariflies, and 1420
inhabitants. Quantities of leather flioes
are made here for exportation; and in
the lower parifli fome veflels are built.
Several ftreams fall into the Merrimack
from this town, which fupport a number
of mills of various kinds.
Bradford, a townfliip in Hillfljorough
CO. N. Hampfliire, incorporated in 1 760 ;
ao miles E of Charleftown.
Bradford, a townfliip in Orange co. Ver-
mont, on the W bank of Connedlicut R.
about ac. miles above Dartmouth College.
There is a remarkable ledge of rocks in
thi« townfliip, as much as 200 feet high.
It appears to hang over, and threaten the
traveller aa he pafles. The fpace between
this ledge and Connedticut River is fcarce-
ly wide enough for a ••oad.
Braga, Ha, now Fort Dauphin, in the
ifland of Cuba.
Brainiree, a townfliip in Orange CO. Ver-
mont, lies 30 miles N E of Rutland. It
joins Kingfton weftward, Randolpli on the
caflward, and contains 531 inhabitants.
Braintree, one of the moft ancient town-
fliips in Norfolk co in the flate of Mafla-
chifet.ts, was fettled in 1625, and then
called Mount JVoolafon, from the name of
its founder. It lies on a bay, 8 miles £ of
S from fioflon, and contains 1285 inhab-
itants. Great quantities of granite flones
are font to Bofton and other places from
this town for fale. The bay abounds
with fifli and fea fowl, and pafticularly
braiitt. Tills town is noted for having
produced, in former and latter times, the
firfl charadlers both in church and flate ;
and, in diflant ages will derive no fmall
degree of fame, for having given birth to
John Adams, the ^rft Vice-Prefident,
and the fecoiid Prefident of the Unit/d
States of America ; a man highly diftin-
guiflicd for his patriotifm, as a citizen ;
his juftice, integrity, and talents, as a law-
yer ; his profound and extenfive erudi-
tion, as a writer ; and his difcernment,
(trmnefs, and fuccefs, as a foreign minifler
and flatefman.
Braintree, New, a. town in the ca of
Worcefter, between Rutland or Oakham,
on the £, and Hardvvick on the W, 2t
miles N W of Worcefter. It has 875 in-
habitants.
Braintrem, a poft town in Luzerne co,
Pennfylvania, 303 miles from Wafhington.
Branca de Malambo, a town in the prov*
ince of St. Martha, in Terra Firma, S.
America. It is a place of great trade, and
I'eatcd on the river Magdalen, 75 miles N
of Carthagena, and is a Bifliop's fee. It has
agood harbour. Nlat. 11 40,Wlon.75 30.
Brandon, a harbour on the N fide of
Long Ifland, N. York, 9 miles W of Smith-i
town, and the fame diftance from Hamp-
ftead Plain.
Brandon, a poft town in Rutland co,
Vermont, fituated on both fides of Otter
Creek, containing 1075 inhabitants, and
is about 12 miles northerly from Rutland.
Here Brandon Creek empties into Otter
Creek from the N E.
Brandy FotSfSLTC ifles fo calledin the river
St. Lawrence, 40 leagues below Quebec, a
little W of the mouth of Saguenay river.
Brandywiiu Creek, falls into Chriftiana
Creek from the northward, at Wilming-
ton, in Delaware ftate, about 25 miles
from its N and N weftern fources, which
both rife in Chefter co. Pennfylvania.
This Creek is famous for a bloody battle,
fought Sept. II, 1777, between the Britifli,
and Americai^s. which lafted nearly the
whole day, and the latter were defeated
with confidenable lofs. It was fought at
Chadds Ford, and in the neighbourhood
of, and on, the ftrong grounds at Birming-
ham church. See Detatuare, for an ac-
oucnc
BRA
BRA
I '
count of the celebrated mills on this creek.
Brandy-wine, a townlhip in Chcfter co.
Pennfylvania.
Branford, a townfhip in N. Haven co.
Connedticut, confidcrablc for its iron
works. It lies on the S fide of a river of
the fame name, which runs into Long 1(1-
and Sound, lo miles E from N. Haven,
and 40 S of Hartford.
Branh' Fillage, on Grand river. See
Jifobawi f^illjge.
Bra/t d'Or, called alfo Labrador, a lake
which forms intu arms and branches, in
the ifland of Cape Breton, or Sidney, and
opens an e»f)r communication with all
parts of the ifland. Sec Breton, Cape.
Brafs Ifland, one of the fmaller Virgin
iflands, fituated near the N W end of St.
Thomas's Ifland, on wiuch it is dependent.
Brafs Town, in the ftate of Teneflce, is
fituated on the head waters of HiwafTce
R. about 100 miles foutherly from Knoz-
ville. Two miles S from this town is the
MnebanteJ Mountain, much famed for the
curiofities on its rocks. See Enchanted
JMtountain.
Brattleborougb, a pod town, in Windham
CO. VermontjTiaving 1867 inhabitants ; on
the W bank of Conncdticut R. about 40
miles E of Benningtor, 6i N of Spring-
field, in MafTachufetts, and 455 from
"Waftiington. N lat. 4a 5 a.
Brazil, or Braftl, comprehends all the
Portuguefe fettlements in America, and is
fituated between the equator and is ^ !<'(•
and between 35 and 60 W Ion. and is in
length 1500, and in breadth 700 miles.
Sounded by the mouth of the river Ama-
aon, and the Atlantic ocean, on the N,hy
the fame ocean on the E ; by the mouth
of the river Plata, S ; and by moraflTcs,
lakes, torrents, rivers, and mountains,
which feparate it from Amazonia and the
SpanifhpoflcirionsontheW. It has three
grand divilions. i. The northern con-
tains 8 provinces or captainfhips, viz. Pa-
ra, Marignan, Siara, Petagucs, Rio Grande,
Payraba, Tamara, and Peraambuco. a.
The middle divifion ; 5 captainfliips, viz.
Sercgippc, Bahia, or the Bay of AU Saints,
Ifhcos, Porto Seguro, and Spirito Sandlo.
3. The fouthern divifion ; 3 capt.iinfliips,
viz. Rio Janeiro, St. Vincent, and Del Rev.
The number of confiderahle cities arc 16 ;
of thefe St. Salvadore, in the Bay of All
Saints, it the chief, and is the capitiil of
Brazil; thefecondinrank is Rio de Janeiro.
On the coaft are three fmall iflands where
ihips touch for provifions on their voyage
to the South Seas, viz. Fcrnaudo, St. Bar-
baro, and St. Catharines. Tha bays, hof-
bours, and rivers, arc the lurbours of Per-
nambuco, All Saints, Porto Seguro, the
port and harbour of Rio dc Janeiro, the
port of St. Vincent, the harbour of St. Ga*
bricl, and the port of St. Salvadore, on the
N fliore of the river La Plata. The cli-
mate of Brazil is temperate and mild,
when compared with that of Africa ; ow-
ing chiefly to the refrefliii^g wind, which
blows continually from the fea< The air
is not only cool, but chilly during the
night, fo tnat the natives kindle a fire
every evening in their huts. The river*
in this country annually overflow their
banks, and like the Mile leave a fort of
flime upon the lands ; and the foil is in
many places amazingly rich. The vege-
table produdtions are, Indian corn, fugar
canes, tobacco, indigo, balfam, ipecacuan-
ha, brazil wood. The laflis of a red col-
our, hard and dry ; and is chiefly ufed in
dying, but not the red cf the belt kind.
Here is alfo the yellow fuAic, of ufc in
dying yellow, and a beautiful kind of
fpeckled wood ufed in cabinet work.
Here are five di^erent forts of palm trees,
curious ebony, and a great variety of cot-
ton trees. This country abomids in horn-
ed cattle, which are hunted for their hides
only, 30,000 being f«nt annually to Eu-
rope. There is great plenty of deers,
hares, and other game. Befide the beafls
common in the neighbouring parts of the,
continent, are janouveras, and a fierce an-
imal fomewhat like a greyhound, the topi-
raflbu, a creature b.ctween a bull and an
afs, but without horns, and entirely harm-
lufs, the flefh is very good, and has the
flavour of beef. The remarkable birds
are the humming bird ; the lankima,
fomctimes called the unicorn bird, from
its having a horn, a or 3 inches long, grow-
ing out of its forehead ; the guira, famous
for changing its colour often, being firft
black, then afh coloured, next white, after-
wards fcarlet, and laft of all crimfon ;
which colours grow deeper and richer the
longer the bird lives. Of fifli, there is,
one called the globe fifh, fo called fro^
its form, which is fo befet with fpikes like
a hedgehog, that it bids defiance to all fifli
of prey. Brazil breeds a variety of fer-
pents and venomous creatures, among
which are the Indian falamander, a four
Icqged infeiSt, whofc fling is mortal ; the
ibivnboca, a fpecies of ferpent about 7
yards long, and half a yard in circumfer-
ence, whole poifon is mftantaneoufly fa-
tal ; the rattle fnaV.c attains there an cnor-
mou|
BRA
BRE
inous ^AZf ; the liboyd or roebuck fnake,
which authors fay are capable of fwallow-
ing a roebuck whole with his horns, being
between ao and 30 feet in length and 6
feet in circumference. There is a num-
berlefs variety of fowl, wild and tame in
this country. The trade of Brazil is very
great, and increafes every year. They
import as many as 40,000 ucgroes annual-
ly. The exports of Brazil are diamonds,
gold, fugar, tobacco, hides, drugs and med-
icines ; and they receive in return, wool-
len goods of all kinds, linens, laces, filks,
hats, lead, tiij, pewter, copper, iron, beef,
and cheefe. They alibreceiye from Ma-
deira, a great quantity of wine, vinegar
and brandy ; and from the Azores,
£25,000 worth of other liquors. The
gold and diamond mines are but a recent
difcovery ; they were fir ft opened in 1681,
and have fince yielded above 5,000,000
fterling annually, of which a fifth part be-
longs to the crown. Thefe, with the fugar
plantations, occupy fo many hands, that
^gric'ture lies negledled, and Brazil de-
pends upon Europe for its daily bread ;
although before the difcovery of thefe
mines, the foil was found very fuilicient
for fubiifting the inhabitants. The dia-
monds here are neither fo hard, nor fo
clear as thofe of the £. Indies, neither dp
they fparkle fo much, but they are whiter.
The Brazilian diamonds are fold 10 per
cent cheaper than the oriental ones, fup-
poling the weights to be ^qual. The
crown revenue arifing from this colony,
amounts annually to 2,000,000 fterling u)
gold, if fome late writers are to be credit-
ed, bcUde the duties and cuftoms on mer-
chandife impotted from that quarter.
This indeed, is more than a fifth of the
precious metal produced by the mines ;
but every other confequcnt advantage
confidered, it probably does not much ex-
ceed the truth. The Portuguefe here
live in the moft eiFemiuate luxury. When
ppople appear abroad they are carried in
a kind of cotton hammocks, called ferpen-
tines, which are home on negroes* flioul-
ders : fimilar to palanquins in India. The
portrait drawn of the manners, cjiftoms,
and morals of that nation, in America, by
judicious travellers, is very far from being
favourable. The native Brazilians are
about the fize of the Europeans, but not
fo ftout. They are fuhjoift to fcv/er dif-
tempers and are long lived. They wear
noclothinjj ; the v,-omen wear tl.cir hair
extremely lonp^.ihe men cut their'* fliort ;
^e v/omen wear bracelets of bones of a
beautiful white ; the men necklaces of the
fame; the women paint their faces.and tli*
men their bodies. Though the king of
Portugal, as grand mafter of the Order of
Chrift, be folely in poffeffion of the titles,
and though the produce of the.cruTade
belongs entirely to him ; yet in this exten-
live country, fix biftiopricks have bceq
fucccfTively founded, which acknowledge
for their fuperior, the nrchbifhop of Bo-
hia; which feewascftablifliedini55a. On..
ly half of the 16 captainfliips, into which
the country is divided, belong to the
crown ; the others being fiefs made over
to fome of the nobility, who do little more
than acknowledge the fovercignty cf the
king of Portugal. The Portuguefe dif-
covered this country in 1500, but did not
plant it till the year 1549, when they tools
poffeffion of All Saints Bay, and built th*
city of St. Salvadore. The Dutch invad-
ed Brazil in 1623, andfuLducd the north-
ern provinces ; but the Portuguefe .ngre^d
in 1661, to pav the Dutch 8 tons of"gold,
to reUnquifh their jntercft in this country,
wliich was accepted ; and the Portuguefe
repiained in peaceable poffeffion of Brazil,
till about the end of 176a; when th^
Spanifh governor of Buenos Ayres, hear-
ing of a war between Portugal and Spain,
look, after a month's fiege, the Portuguefe
frontier fortrer*. St. Sacrament ; but by
tjie treaty of peace it was reftored.
Brtakneck Hilli oppofite Butter hill, at
th? northern entrance cf the highlands, ia
Hudfon R. about 60 miles N of N.York»
On the S fide of this hill, about half the
diftance as you afcend it, the rock& are fo
fituated as to give tha fpedtator a tolerable
idea of a human face, with a nofe, mouth
and double chin, but without a forehead.
On the nofe grows a tree of confiderable
fize, which has the appearance only of a
fhrub.
BricienrUgt, a county of Kentucky, con-
taining 758 inhabitants, 38 of them are
blacks. The court houfe, where a port
officeiskeptjis 700 miles from Wafhington.
Jirecknoci, a townlhip in Laucafter co,
Pennfylvania. It is watered by Muddy
and Corabio Creeks, and has 744 inhab..
itants.
Breme, a cape which forms the S caftern
fide of the mouth of Oroonokc R. oppofite
Cape Araya, in S. America.
BrcHtcnsMeff, about 3 miles from New-
port, is the fouthcrnmoft poinfc of Rhode
Ifland, about 2 miles E cf Beaver Tail,
Thefe two poiiits form the mouth of Ncv.-
pv?rt I'.arljolir.
Bnntwfia',
n
mi
BRE
BRE
SrfnHv»«d, a townfhip In Rocldngham
•oi N. Hanvpfliire, having 899 inhabit-
ants ; diftant 7 miles W from Exeter, and
sz from Portfmouth. Vitriol is found
here, combined in the fame (lone with
liciphur.
Bretoa, Caps. The ifland, or rather col-
Ie<£tion of iflands, called by the F'-ench
Let ^s de Matlame,vrh\i:)\ hcs fo contigu-
ous as that they are commonly c;iUed but
one, and comprehended under the name
of the Ifland of Cape Breton, lies between
iat. 45 a8, and 47 N, and between 59 44,
»nd 61 39 W Ion. and about 45 leagues to
the eafhrard of Halifax. It is about 109
lailes in length, and from 30 to 84 in
breadth ; and is feparated from Nova
Scotia, by a narrow flrait, called the Gut
•f Canfi, which is the communication be-
tween the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of
St. l^awrence. It is furrounded with lit-
\le (harp pointed rocks, feparated from
each other by the waves, above which
fbme of their tops are vifible, and inter-
fe<^ed with lakes and rivers. The great
Brafs d'Or is a very extenllve fheet of
water M^ich formsinto an..s and branches,
and opens an eafy communication with
all parts of the Ifland. All its harbours
are open to the ead, turning towards the
fouth. On the other parts of the coaft
there are but a few anchoring places for
finall veflels, in creeks, or between iflets.
The harbour of St. Peter's, at the W end
of the ifland, is a very commodious place
§or carrying on the fifliery. This ifland
was roniidered as annexed to Nova Scotia
in refpeiSl to matters of government till
3784, when it was eredled into a fepar-
j»te government by the name of Sydney.
There is a great proportion of arable
land on this ifland ; and it abounds in
timber and hard wood, fuch as pine,
beach, birch, maple, fpruce, and fir. Here
are about 1000 inhabitants, who have a
lieutenant governor refident among them,
appointed by the king. Ifle Madame,
which is an appendage to this govern-
ment, is fettled for the mofl: part with
French Acadians, about 50 families,whofe
chief employment is the flfhery aX Afli-
mot, the principal harbour in this little
ifland. The principal towns are Sydney,
the capital, and Louifburg, which has the
b eft harbour in the ifland. The prefcnt
feat of government is at Spanifli river, on
the N <i(le nf the ifland. This i.land may
be coniidered as the key to Canada, and
the very valuable fifhcry in its neighbour-
hood depends fur its protec/ion on the
poflTeflion of this ifland ; as no nation can
carry it on without fome convenient har-
bour of ftrength to fupply and prote<£b it,
and Louilburg is the principal one for
thefe purpofcs. The peltry trade was ev-
er a very inconfiderable obje*^:. It con-
fifted only in the fkins of a few lynxes,
elks, mulk rats, wild cats, bears, otters,
and foxes, both of a red, lilver, and grey
olour. Some of thefe were procured
rom a colony of Micraac Indians, who
id fettled on the iflnhd with the French,
. td never could raife more than 60 men
i 'le to bear arms. The reft came from
S John's, or the neighbouring conti-
nent. Greater advantages are now de-
rived from the coal mines which are
fituated near the entrance of the harbour,
the working of which, and the filhery, are
the chief employment of the inhabitants.
They lie in a horizontal direction ; and
being no more than 6 or 8 feet below the
furface, may be worked without digging
deep, or draining off the waters. Not-
withftanding the prodigious demand for
this coal from N. England, from the year
I74,y to 1749, thefe mines would proba-
bly have been forfaken, had not the (hips
which were fent out to the French iflands
wanted ballad. In one of thefe mines, a
fire has been kindled, which could never
yet be extinguifhed. Thefe mines yield
\ revenue of ^la.ooo yearly to the
crown. In 1 743, while this ifland belong-
ed to the French, they caught 1,149,000
quintals of dry fifli, and 3,500,000 do. of
mud fifb, the value of both which, includ-
ing 3,1 16-J tons of train oil, drawn from
the blubber, amounted to £926,577 lOf
flerling, according to the prime coft of the
fifli at Newfoundland. . The whole value
of this trade, annually, at that period,
amounted to a million fte: ' ng. No lef»
than 564 (hips, befide (haUops, and 37,000
feamen, were employed in this trade. At
prefent the inhabitants of this ifland take
about 30,000 quintals of fiili, annually,
which are fliipped for Spain and the
Straits, principally by merchants from
Jerfcy (in England) who yearly refort*
here, apd keep ftores of fupplies for the
fiflierinen. '''hough fomc fifl^ermen had
long rtforted to this ifland every fummer,
the French, who took pofleflion of it in
Auguft, 1713, were properly the firft fet-
tled inhabitants. They changed its name
into that of TJle Rnyale, and fixed upon
Fort Dauphin for their principal fettle-
ment. In 1720, the fortifications of Lou-
ilburg were begun. The other fettle-
- , ' ment*
BRI
BRI
•o nation can
ivenient har-
id protedt it,
>al one for
radewas ev-
!«ft. It con-
few lynxes,
bars, otters,
r, and grey
e procured
dians, who
the French,
lan 60 men
came from
ring conti-
e now de-
which are
le harbour,
filhery, are
nhabitants.
flion ; and
below the
ut digging
era. Not-
imand for
I the year
Id proba-
t tlie fhips
ich i (lands
°e mines, a
uld never
nes yield
y to the
d belong-
1,149,000
30 do. of
h, includ-
iwn from
..W7 icy
oft of the
ole value
period.
No lef*
d 27,000
ide. At
tnd take
nnually,
ind the
Its from
refort'
for the
nen had
iinimer,
f it in
firft fet-
ts name
i upnit
fcttle-
)f Lou-
fettle-
uienti
ments were at Port Touloufe, NefHka,i&c.
The idand remained in the puflefliun of
the French till 1745, when it was captur-
ed by the N. England militia under the
command of William Pepperell, Efq. a
colonel of the militia, a.tA a fquadron un-
der commodore Warr. . It i-as after-
wards reftored to the French, and again
taken in 1753, by admiral Bol'cawen and
general Amherft, when the garrifou, con-
fifting of 5600 men, were made prifoners ;
and II men of war in the harbour, were
either taken, funk, burnt or deftroyed ;
and it was ceded to Great JBritaia by the
peace of 1763.
Brewer, a (Irait in the Magellanic fea,
about the ifland called Staten Land, which
parts it from the ftraits Le Maire. It was
difcovered by the Dutch navigator Brew-
er, about the year 1643.
Brewers Haven, a good harbour, at the
N end of the ifland of Chiloe, on the coaft
of Chili, in S. America, and in the S. Sea.
Lat. 4X 30, km. 74 W.
Brenvington Fort, N. York, and at the
W end of Lake Oneida, about 24 miles S
E from Fort Ofwego.
Briar Creek, a water of Savannah R. in
Georgia. Its mouth is about 50 miles S £
by S from Augufta, and SS N wellerly
from Savannah. Here Gen. Prevoft de-
feated a party of 2000 Americans, under
Gen. Afli, May 3, 1779 ; they had above
300 killed and taken, befide a great num-
ber drowned in the river and fwamps.
The whole artillery, baggage and ftores
were taken.
Bridgeport, a thriving village between
Stratford and Fairfield, in FairjSeld co.
Connedticut, where a poft office is kept,
304 miles from Waihington.
Bridgetown, a poft town in Cumberland
CO. Maine, 40 miles N W Portland, E of
Fryeburg. It contains 646 inhabitants.
Bridgetown conGfts of large hills and val-
lies : the highland affords red oak, which
are often 3 feet, and fometimes four, in di-
ameter ; and 60 or 70 feet without any
brandies. The vallies are covered with
rock maple, bafs, afli, birch, pine and hem-
lock. There is a curiofity to be feen in
Long Pond, which lies moftly in Bridge-
town, which may afford matter of fpecu-
lation to the natural philofopher. On the
eafterly fide of the pond is a cove which
extends about 100 rods farther E than the
general courfe of the ftiore, the bottom is
clay, and fo flioal that a man may wade
y3 rods into the pond. On the bottom of
this rove are IWies of various iizei, which]
it ij evident from various circtunAatictti
have an annual motion towards the Ihore ;
the proof of this is the mark or track left
behind them, and the bodies of clay driv*
en up before them. Some of thele Qoaet
are a or 3 tons weight, and have left a
track of feveral rods beliind them; ha»^
ing at lead a CMnmon cart load of clay
betore them. 'I'ha fliore of the cove i«
lined with thefe ftones, which, it would
feem, have crawled out of the water, iiee
Seitrgo Pbiid,
Bridgetown, a poft town in Kent CO. Ma-
ryland, lao miles N E from Wafliington,
and 45 E of Baltimore, on the E line of
the State.
Bridgetown, the chief town in Cumber-
land CO. N. Jerfey, lies on both fides Co-
hamsie Creek, 20 miles from its mouth ;
veffels of 100 tons can come up here, ft
is so miles S S E of Philadelphia, 80 S by
E from Trenton.
Bridgetown^ IV, a poft town in Cumber-
land CO. N. Jerfey, on Cohanzie Creek, 3j
miles S of Philadelphia, and ijj from
Wafliington.
Bridgetown, a poft town in Queen Ann
CO. Maryland, lies on the weftern fide of
Tuckahoe Creek, 8 miles E from Centre-
ville, as far S E from ChurcJi Hill, and 6j
S W from Philadelphia.
Bridgetown, in the iiland of Antigua
See fVilloug/jiy Bay.
Bridgetown, the metropolis of the ifland
of Barbadoes, in the W. Indies, lying in
the S W part of the iiland, and in the par-
illi of St. Michael. It is fituated in tJic
innermoft part of Carlifle bay, which is
large enough to contain 5C0 fliips, being
i-}£ league long and one broad ; but the
bottom is foul and apt to cut the cables.
This city was burnt down April 18,
1668. It fuflercd alio greatly by fires ou
Feb. 8, I7j6, May i^, 1766, and Dee.
27, 1 767, at which times the greatcft part
of the town was deftroyed ; before tlvefe
fires it had 1500 houfes, moftly brick, very
elegant, and faid to be the fineft and larg-
eft in all the Caribbee ifiands ; tlMji^own
has fince been rebuilt. The ftreets are
broad, the houfes high, and there is alio
a Chcapfide, where the rents are as high
as thofe in London. It has a college,
founded, and liberally endowed by Col.
Codrington, the only inftitution of the
kind in the W. Indies ; but it does not
appear that its fuccefs has anfwered the
defigns.j the founder. The town h^s
commodious wharves for loading and un-
loading goods, attd is wcU .defended by a
nuuiber
iKi'Sl
feRI
BRI
\
iillj, !
itamber of forts ; but it i» vtry fu^jcil to
hurricanei. As the wind generally blows
ft-om the £ or N £, the £ part of the town
is called the windward, and the W part
leeward. The number of militia for
Bridgetown and St. Michael's precindt is
isoo men, who are called the royal regi-
ment of foot guards. This is the feat of
the governor, council, aflembly, and court
of chancery. About a mile from town to
the N' fi the governor has a fine feat built
by the aiTembly, called PUgrim. The
church is as large as many cathedrals, has
a noble organ, and a ring of bells, with a
curious clock. Here are large and elegant
taverns, eating houfes, &c. anu packet
boats have lately been eftablifhed to carry
letters to and from Great Britain monthly.
N lat. 13 ^\ W Ion. 60 z\. This was
the ftate of the capital of Barbadoes in
the fummer of 1780. It had fcarccly rifen
from the aflies to which it had been redu-
ced by the dreadful fires already mention-
ed, when it W.1S torn from its foundations,
and the whole country made a fcene of
defolation, by tl»e ftorm of the lOth of OiSl.
1780, in which above 4000 of the inhabit-
ants miferably periflied ; the force of the
wind was then fo great, as not only to
blow down the '^'rongcft walls, but even
lifted forae piecci of cannon off the ram-
parts and carry them fome yards dift-
ance ; and the damage to the country in
general was eftimated at /^ 1,320,504-15
fterling, and it is fcarccly yet reftored to
its former fplendor.
Bridgetvater, a townflijp in Grafton co.
N. Hampfliire, incorporated in 1769, and
contains 664 inhabitants.
Brid^i-wnter, a townfhip in Somcrfet co.
N. Jerfey, which contained in 179c, 2578
inhabitants.
Briifgnoater, a port town in Plymouth
CO. MalTachufetts, containinjj 5200 in-
habitants ; 5 miles N E from Raynham ;
about 30 miles E of S from Bofton, in
wliich large quantities of hard ware, nails,
&c. are manufaiS^ared.
Briffftvialtr, a townfliip in Windfor co.
Vermont, about 55 miles N E of Benning-
ton. It has two religious focietics, one
baptift, one congregational. It has one
grift mill, one fulling mill,and fix faw mills.
It IS watered by Qupchy river and its
branches. A quarry of marble, and a bed
ef iron ore have been found here. It has
7S0 inhabitants, and was incorporated
1785.
Brldfinrt, a townfhip In Addifon co. Ver-
mont, on the £ fhore of Lake Champlain,
oppofiti Crown Point, and W of Middl*-
bury.
Briery £. a (mall fh-eam which runs into
the Appomatoz, in Prince Edward co.
Virginia.
Brigantine Inlet, on the coaft of N. Jerfey,
between Great and Little Egg Harbour.
Brimfield, a townHiip in Hampfl)irc co.
MalTachufetts, having 1384 inhabitants ;
34 miles S £ of Northampton, and 70 W
of Bofton.
Brian IJU, one of the Magdalene mara«
time ifles in the gulf of St. Lawrence.
Brifiol, a pofttown in Lincoln co. Maine,
having ^62 inhabitants ; diftant 204 mile*
N £ from Bofton, and 15 S £ of Wiicaffet.
BriJIol, a county in the fouthern part of
Mafl'achufetts, £ of a part of the ftate of
Rhode ifland. It has 15 townfhips, of
which Taunton is the chief; and 33,830
inhabitants. The great lachem Pliillip
refided here ; [fee Raynbam'] ; and it was
called by the Indians Pa-wiunnaiviutt ;
from which the nation derived the name ;
but were fometimes ftylcd the JVamponoags.
Brifiol Co. in Rliode Illand, contains the
townllijps of Briftul, Warren, and Bar-
rington ; having 3801 inhabitants. It has
Briftol CO. in MalTachufetts, on the N E,
and Mount Hope bay E.
Brijiol, a feaport and poft town, and
chief of the above county. It is about 3
miles from the N end of Rhode I. connedt-
ed by a ferry about half a mile broad : 13
miles northerly from Newport, 24 S E
from Providence, and 63 from Bofton.
Briftol fuffered greatly by the ravages of
the late war ; but is now in a very riour-
iftiing ftate, having 1678 inhabitants. It
is beautiful for fituation, healthful climate,
rich foil, and a commodious, fafe harbour.
Onions, in confiderable quantities, and a
variety of provilions and garden roots and
vegetables are raifed here for exportation.
N lat. 40 40.
Brijlcl, a townfliip in Hartford co. Con-
nedUcut, 16 miles W of the city of
Hartford.
BriJlol, a poft town in Bucks co. Penn-
fylvania, 1 1 miles S S E from Newtown,
and 20 N E from Pluladclphia. It ftands
on Delaware R. oppofite Burlington, in N.
Jerfey ; and has about 50 or 60 J.oufes.
It is a great thoroughfare, and is noted
for its mills of feveral kinds.
Brifcl, a townfliip in Philadelphia co.
Brijhl, a fmall town in Charles co.
Maryland.
Brijiol, a poft town in Addifon co. Ver-
mont, 10 miks E of Vergenne*.
Brif.d,
Jtrljiul
ribout 2(1
rated in)
Brijlo^
ica, is fo
f.n the i
on the
BRt
BR I
of Middle*
:h runs into
Edward co.
ifN.Jcrfey,
Harbuur.
mpfliirc CO.
ihabitnnts ;
, and 70 W
dene mara<i
vrcnce.
ICO. Maine,
It 204 mile*
fWifcaffet.
lern part of
the ftate of
trnfliips, of
and 33,830
em Plullip
and it was
unnaivkutt ;
the name ;
Vamponoags.
}ntains the
\, and Bar-
ents. It h.19
in the N E,
town, and
is about 3
[. conne£t-
broad : 13
t, a4S E
m Bo/ton.
ravages of
cry riour-
itants. It
climate,
harbour.
les, and a
roots and
jortation.
CO. Con-
city of
:o. Penn-
lewtown,
It ftands
ton, in N.
houfes.
is noted
Iphia CO.
irles CO.
CO. Ver-
Brlf.aU
TfrlPol, a town in Schoharie co. N.York,
jibout %o miles S of Schoharie ; incorpo-
rated in 1797.
Brifol Bay, on the N W coaft of N. Amer-
ica, is forjned by the peninl'ula of Alivdca
en the S and S E, and by Cape Newnham
on the N ; and is very broad and capa-
cious. A river of tlie lame name runs in-
to it from the £.
Britain, New. The country lying round
Iliidfon bay, or the country of the Efqui-
m*ux, comprehending I-abrador, New
North and South Wales, has obtained the
general name of New Britain, and is at-
tached to the govel-nment t)f l^ower Cau-
ad;u A ftiperintendant of trade, appoint-
ed by the governor general of toe four
Britilh provinces, and rel'ponfible to him,
rcfides at Labrador. The principal rivers
which water this aiuntry, are the Wager^
Monk, Seal, Pockerekelko, Churchill,
Nelfon, Hayes, New Severn, Albany and
Moofe rivers, all which empty into Hud-
fon and James' bay, fircrni the W and S.
I'he mouths of all the rivers are filled
with flioals, except Churchill's, in which
the largeft fliips may lie ; but ten miles
higher the channel is obftruifted by fand
banks. AH the rivers, as far as they have
been explored, are full ©f rapids and cat-
aradls, from 10 to 60 feet perpendictilar.
Down thefe rivers the Indian traders find
a quick palfage ; but their return is a la-
bour of many months. Copper Mine,
and Mc Kenzies rivers, fall into the N.
Sea. As far inland as the Hudfon Bay
company have fettlements, which is 600
miles to the weft of fort Churchill, at a
place called Hudfon Houfe, lat. 53, Ion.
106 17 W from London, is flat country;
nor is it knowH^Trow far to theendward,
the great chain feen by navigators from
the Pacific ocean, branches oft' From
Moofe river, or the bottom of the Bay,
to Cape Churchill, the land is flat, marfliy
and wooded with pines, birch, larch and
willows. From Cape Churchill, to Wag-
er's river, the coafts are high and rocky
to the very fea, and woodlefs, except the
mouths of Pockerekeflco and Seal rivers.
The hills on their back are naked, nor are
there any trees for a great diftance inland.
'I'he eartern coafl: is barren, part the efforts
• of cultivation. The furface is every where
iineven, and covered with inafles of ftone
of an amazing fize. It is a country of
barren vallies and frightful mountains,
(ouie of an aftonifliing height. The val-
lies are full of lakes, formed not of fprings,
hut rain and fnow, fo chilly as to be pro-
Voi. I. H
dudUve of fmall trout and a few other fiflfc
The mountains have here and tlierc a
blighted fliruh, or a little ir.ofs. 1 he val-
lies are full of crooked, ftinted trees, pine i,
fir, birch, and cedars, or rather a fpeciet
of the juniper. In lat. 60, on the coaft,
vegetation ceafes. The whole fliore, like
that on the weft, is faced with ifiands at
fome diftance from land. As dilinal and
frozen as thrle regions are, they are be-
coming ftill more cold and intolerable.
The forefts here are furrounded with
ftumps and old dead trees for 20 miles
and more. The fturdy woods bow to the
ftorras ; the winds and Ihows forbid them
to rile. There was an intercouric be-
tween Denmark and OreeiWand from the
t^uth to the fifteenth century, when the
Greenlanders became impiiloncd by the
increafe of ardtic ice. Thus w hile other
climes are becoming more mild, the north
part of N. Aniorica is more inlioJpitable,
and trightful. The laudable 7;cai of the
Moravian clergy induced them, in the
year 1752, to fend niiflionaries from
Greenland to this country, 'i'hey fixed
on Neflbit's harbour for their fettlement ;
but of the firft party, ibme of tl>cm were
killed, and the others driven away. In
1764, under the prote<ftion of tJie Britilh
government, another attempt was made.
The miffionaries were well received by
the Efquimaux, and the mifiion goes on
with fuccefs. The knov/lcdge of thefe
northern ieas and countries was owing
to a proje(5l ftarted in England for the dil-
covery of a N W paflage to China and
theEaft Indies, as early as the year 1756.
Since then it has been frequently dropped,
and as often revived, -iHit never yet com-
pleted. Frobi flier, about the yoar 1576,
difcovered the Main of New Britain, or
Terra de Labrador, and thofe ftraits to
which he has given his name. In 1585,
John Davis failed from Portfmouth, and
viewed that ard the more northern coafts,
but he fecms never to have entered the
bay. Hudfon made three voyages on the
fame adventure, the firft in 1607, tlie
fecond in 1608, and his third andlaft in
1610. This bold and judicious navigator
entered the ftrait» that lead into the bay
known by his name, coafted a great part
of it, and penetrated to eighty degrees;
and a half, into the heart of the frozen
zone. His ardor for the diicovery not
being abated by the difficulties he ftrug-
gled with in this empire of winter, and
world of froft and fnow, he ftayed here
until the enfuing fpring, and prepared, iii
iaa-
/■
BRI
^Rl
iHSM
ill., it J
the Itf ginning of 1611, to purAic hit dif'
coverie8,but hia crew, who fuffered equal
harddiips, without the famefpirit tofupr
port them, mutinied, feized upon him a4id
feven of thofe who were mod faitjiful to
him, and committed them to the fury of
the icy feas, in an open boat. Huafon
and his companions were eitiier fwallow-
cd up by thu Avaves, or gaining the iuhof-
pitabie coaft, were deflroycd by the fav-
agcs ; but the fliip and the reft of the
men returned home. Though the ad-
ventnreri failed in the original purpofe
fur which they navigated dudion bay,
yet the projedt, evei> in it« failure, has
bcenof great advantage tq England. The
vail countries which furround Hudfon
bay, abound with animals, whofe fur and
ikins are excellent. In f 670, a charter
•was granted to the Hudfon bay company,
which does not cpnfid of r^bove 9 or 10
perfons, for the exclulivc trade to {his
bay, and they have adtcd under it ever
fiaee, with great benefit to the individuals
who cnmpofe the company, though com-
paratively with little advantage to Brit-
ain. The company employ 4 fliips, and
130 feamen. They have feveral forts,
viz. Prince of Wales fqrt, Churchill river,
Nelfon, New Severn, Albany, on the W
tide of the bay, and are garrilbned by 1 86
men. The French, in May, J78», took
and dei^royed thefe forts, and the fettle-
ments, &c^ faid to amount to the value of
£.500,000. They export commodities tp
the value of £.16,000, and carry home
returni to ttte value of £.29.340, which
yield to the revenue £.3734. " This in-
cludes the f)(hery in Hudfon's hay The
ionly attempt to trade to that part which
is called Labrador, has been diretfted to-
wards the fifliery. The annual produce
of the fifliery amounts to upwards of
£.49,000. Sec M/gtiimaux. The whole of
the fettlements in New Britain, including
fuch as have been mentioned, are as fol-
low, which fee under their refpe<£tiv^
heads t Abbitibbi, Frederick, Baft Main,
andBrunfwickhoufes; Moofefort; Hen-
ley, Olouceder, and Ofnaburg houfes ;
and a houfe on Winnipeg lake ; Severn,
or New Severn ; York fort, or Nelfon ,•
Churchills fort, or Prince of Wales fart :
South Branch, Hi)dipn's, Manchefter, and
Buckingham houfes : the laft is the weft,
crnmoft fettlemcnt, and lately eredled.
Britain, Netu, a large ifland in the Pa-
cific ocean, lying N £ of Danxpier's ftraits,
between 4 and 7 S lat. and 146 and 149
^ Ion. from Paris. Its N'^int is called
Cape Stephen's ; it» £ point Cape Qr-
ford ; and a bay about the middle of it$
eaftern coaft, is called Port Montague.
Thcfe names were given by Capt. Carte-
ret, who vifited this ifland in 1767, and
found it much fmaller than was fuppofed
by Dampier, who firft difcovercd it to be
an ifland. There is nothing yet difcov-
ercd peculiarly different in its produc-
tions or its inhabitants, fromthofc of the
other iflands in it? neighbourhood. It ha;
the appearaiicc of a piountainous country,
and is covered with large and ftntely trees.
It is furrounded with ifiany fertile lliands,
inoft of which arc faid to yield abundance
pf plantain and copoa nut trees.
B/itiJh America. Under the general
liame of firitifh America, we comprehend
the vaft extent of cpuntry, bpundcd S by
the United States of America, and the
Atlantic ocean ; £ by the fame ocean and
Davis's Araits, which divide it fron^
Greenland ; extending N to the northern
fimits of Hudfon bay charter ; and weft-
ivard indefinitely ; lying between 4a 30
and 70 N lat. and between 50 and 96 W
Ion. from Greenwich. Britifli America i
divided into four provinces, viz. i. Upper
Canada ; 3. Lower Canada, to which is
annexed New Britain, or the country ly-
ing round Hudfon bay, and the ifland of
Cape Breton ; which ifland, in 1784, was
formed into a feparate gpverninent by
the name of Sydney. 3. New Brunfwick ;
4. Nova Seotia, to which is annexed the
ifland of $t. John's. Beiide thefe, there .
is the ifland of Newfoundland, which is
governed by the admiral for the time be-
ing, and two lieqterant governors, wh(>
refide at Placentia aqd St. John's. The
troops ftationed at Newfoundland, how-
ever, arc fubjedl to the prders of the gov-
ernor general of the fopr Britifh prov-
inces. The number 9^ people in the
whole of the northern Britifli colonies is
perhaps 160,000 or 180,000. Since the
four provinces have been put under a
general governor ; the governor of each
is ftyled lieutenant governor. The Vc^i-
dence pf the general governor is at Que-
bec. The river St. Lawrence remains
ufually locked up one half of the year ;
and although, in 1784, it was confidently
faid, that the Britifh provinces would be
able in three years to fupply all the Weft
Indies with lumber and provifions, yet it
was found neceffary to import lumber and
provifions into Nova Scotia, from the U.
States. Thus, in 1790, there were flup-
ped from the U. S. to Nova Scotia, alone,
540,000
fceti
BRO
BflO
540,cco (laves and heading; 924,980 feet
of board*; 485,006 fliinglei, and 16,000
hoops; 40,000 bbls. of bread and flour;
I and 80,000 buflielt of grain, beyond her
') own confumption; Newfoundland fur-
niflied the Britifli W. Indies with 806,459
quintal* of fifli, on au average of four
years, ending with 1786. The only pro-
viiions exported to Jamaica, from Canada,
N6va Scotia, and St. John's, between 3d
of April, 1 783, and a6th of 0«3ober, 1784,
•irere 180 bilOieli of potatoes,' and 751
jhhds'. and about 500 bbls. of failed fifh.
Of lumber, the Quantity wa* 510,088
feet ;. 30 bundles of hoops; and 301,334
ihingics ; and On an average of 5 year*,
from 176S to 177^, the whole exports to
Jamaica, from Canada, Nova Scotia, and
St. J6hn's, Were only 33 bbU of flour, 7
hhds. of fifli, 8 bbls. of oil, 3 bbls of tar,
pitch and turpentine ; 36,000 fliingle*
and flavcs, and 17,335 feet of lumber.
From the cuflom houfe returns it appears
that of X3o8 cargoes of lumber and pro-
vifions imported from N. America, to the
Britifli fugar colonies, in 177a, only 7 of
thofe cargoes were from Canada and Nova
Scotia ; and that of 701 topfail veflels and
j68i floops, which had cleared outwards
from N. America, to the Britifli, and for-
eign, W. Indies, only 3 of the topfail vef-
fels, and 11 of the (loops were from thefe
provinces : and it has been proved, that
in the years 1779, ^780, 1781, and 1781,
the fcarcity in Canada had been fuch, as
to occaflon the export of all bread, wheat,
and flour, to be prohibited by authority ;
and in 1784, when a parliamentary in*
quiry took place concerning what fupplics
the W. Indies might expedk from Canada
and Nova Scotia, a fliip in the river
Thames was aiStually loading with flour
for Quebec. Edtuardt.
Broadalbin, a townfhip in Montgomery
CO. N. York, about 30 miles W of Ball-
town Springs.
Broad Bay, in Maine.lies on the line of
Lincoln and Hancock counties, bounded
by Pemaquid Point on the W, and Pleaf-
ant Point on the £. On the fhore of this
bay was an ancient Dutch fettlement.
Broadjitld, a pofl town in Weftmoreland
en. Virginia, 96 miles from Wafliington.
Btoadiill, a pod town in Suflex co. Del-
aware, 166 miles from Wafliington, and
about 10 N of Lewi flown.
Broad River, is an arm of the fea, which
extends along the W and N W ftdc* of
Beaufort or Port Royal ifland, on the
coafl of S. Carolina, and receives Coofa
from the N W. Coofa R. may likewife
be called an arm of the fea ; its waterd
extend N wcflward, and meet thofc of
Broad R. round a fmall illand at the mouth
of Coofa Hatchec R. Thefe two arm*
embrace all the iflands between Comba-
hee R. and Dawfuflcee found, with which
alfo Broad R. communicate*. Channel*
between Broad R. and Cn.tCt form the
ifland* The entrance through Broad R.
to Beaufort harbour, one ot the befl in
the flate, i* between Hilton'* Head and
St. Phillips point.
Broad River, or Cbtrakeehatv, a water of
Savannah R. from the Georgia fide. Ic
empties into the Savannah at Feterlburg.
At a trifling expenfc, it might he made
boatable 35 or 30 miles through the bcft
fettlements in Wilkes county.
Broad Jkiver, in S. Carolina, rife* by 3
branches from the N W, viz. the £nno-
ree, Tiger, and Packolet ; which unite
about 40 miles above the mouth of Saluda
R. which, with Broad R. form* Congarte
R. Broad R. may be rendeicd navigable
30 miles in N. Carolina.
Broken Arrow, or Clay Cat/la, an Indian
town in the Creek country, in Weft Flori-
da, on the W fide of Chuta Uclie R. iz
miles below the Ctiflitah and Coweta
towns, where the river is fordable. Sec
Cotieta, and Flint R.
Broomlty, a townfliip in Bennington co.
Vermont, about 33 miles Neaflerly from
Bennington, lit has 71 inhabitants.
BrcerxUy, a town in Somcrfet co. N. Jer-
fcy, about 30 miles N W of Brunfwick.
Srookfetd, a port town in Worccfler co.
Mafliachufetts, is among the firl^ towns as
to age, wealth, and numbers, in the coun-
ty ; containing 3384 inhabitants. The
great pofl road from Boflon to N. York
runs through it. It is 64 miles W of Bof-
ton and 1 8 W of Worccfler. The Indian
name of this town was ^aboag. The
river which ftill retains the name pafles
through it ; and.like its other ftreams and
ponds, abounds with various kinds of fiih.
There are feveral pond* in the town, 3
congregational meeting hoofet, and one
for Baptifls. Here is iron ure, and large
quantities of (lone which yield copperas,
and have a flrong vitriolic quality. Thi*
town was fettled- b^ people frpm Ipfwich,
io 16^0, and was incorporated in 1673.
Aiotfie l d, a townfliip in^iinge co. Ver-
mont, ac miles W S W onf«°wbury.
Brotifield, a town in Chenengo co. N.
York ; u has 1973 inhahitaott, 35 mile* S
of Whiteflowa.
BrtoifitU,
»>!
li RO
BRO
ai !• I
JSiooi/u' I'tii port fo'vii in I'i«inK-Kl CO.
Coiinci^icut,6 niilci N N E Jiom Danbury,
Hrooi/icli/,-A town III KiTl-X cit. N. Yori,
tal:i;ii friim t'le S part of Wiliflturou;;!),
fUii,U»'cl N of Eliz.ihctlitowu, ou the W
I):in1: of l.ukc Chutn;>l,tin.
Jhin/H/t^rijr, a port (own in Amelia CO,
Viigi.iia, i8j miles S S W from Walliiiig-
(un.
J3io»i, a CO. in Virginia, ^o? miles from
W.illiington. It lias 4418 white inhabit-
ant h and 28a blacks.
Ji,-oci/.uivc;', a pofV town in SufTolk en.
Long I. N. York, comaininji4iZl inhal-
itants. Th . ompa«fl part of the tow 11
coiU.iiiis a )oiit jo houles, an Tpifcopalian,
a'ld a Picfbyterian church. It is 6o.miles
li of N. York ; oppofitc N. Hrivan.
Brnnluhii; A port tOWIl 111 KingU CO. N.
Yor!:, on the W end of Long I. having
a.ir" inhabitants. Ikrc are an Epifco-
pal, a Dutch Reformed and a Mcthodift
churoli ; a ropcwalk on a large fcale, and
ll;e inort api)iovcd n»:icliinery ; a powder-
magazine, and Tome elegant h ifcj.wliich,
lie ehienv on one (Ircet. Eait K. near a
mile broad, it'i^irates the town from N.
York. It is well fituated for fliip build-
ing, having the advantage o£ very deep
water along its fliore. Several fhips have
been built here ; others are in forward-
nefs. A bloody battle was fought in this
town, Aug. 2;, 1 7 76, when the Americans
were defeated bytheBritifliwith groat lofs»
BrooMine, a port town in Windham co.
Conneifticut, about 20 miles N of Nt)r-
wich. In ihis town is the famous cave in
which Gen. Putnam fl»ot the wolf. It is a
fertile townfliip, has a congregational
in(.'((tiiig houfe, and a church for Epifco-
palians. luhabitaiits 1202.
Biofiili/ie, a town in HiUlbcroiigh co, N.
Ilampfliire, 65 miles \V by. S from Portl-
niouth.
/:ro„ii'JiiCi or Brooklyn, a pIcaHint town of
Norfolk CO. Martachufetts, of about 60 or
70 families, between Cambridge and Rox-
luirv, and feparated from Bofton on the
]•; by a narrow bay, which ftts up S from
Charles river, juid peninfulates Borton.
I^arge quantities of fruits, root's and othci^
vegetables are produced in tliis town for
the Borton market. It is a phice where
gentlemen of fortune and information,
retiring from pubUc life, may enjoy
cthim cum di^nitaU' It has 605 inhabitants.
Bi-noltHlle, a fbft town in Montgomery
CO. Maryland, ao miles N W from \VnSl\-
Wgton.
JBKolfjcrtt", aa Indiaiv village adjoining
New Stockbridgc, (N. York) inlmbited by
, '-out ijo Indians, who migrated froirt
dilftront parts of Connedicut, under the
Care of the Kev. Mr, Occum. 'i'hefc In-
dians receive an ainiuity of 2160 dollars,
which fuin is partly appropriated to the
purpofe of maintaining a fchuol, and part-
ly to cumpeafate^a fuperintendant, to
tranfadV their bufincrs, and to diipofe of
the remainder of their moi..iy for their
bcnelit.
Bioiiglitan Ifland, lies at the mouth of Al-
atamaha R. in Georgia, and belonged ta
the late Henry I.aurens, Efq. 1 he S chan-
nel, after its feparation from the N de-
fcends gently, winding by Mclntofli's and
Broiighton iflands, in its way to the oceaa
through St. Simon's found,
Broxvnfielu, a Imall fettlement in York-
CO. Maine, which, together with Suncock,
contains 250 inhabitants.
BrotviiJiur;r, a town in Rockbridge co.
Virginijucontaining 20 or .^O houfes ; dif-
taat abont 15 niik's from Lexington NE^
and 1 7 from Staunton S W.
B/c ..i'li's Sound, is Htuatcd on the N W
coaft of N. America, in N lat. 5J 18, W
Icn. from Grceuwicli 1.^2 ao. Itwas thus
named bj Capt. Gray, in 1 791, in honour
of Samuel Brown, Efq. ot Bofton. The
lands on the £ fide of this found are tol-
erably level ; but on the W mountains rife,
whofe fummits out top. tJic clouds, and
wliofe wintry garb gives them a dreary
afpedt. The land is well timbered with
various forts of pines. The animals in the
vicinity are deer, wolves,. fea otters and
feals. The fifti — falmon, hahbut, and a
fpccies of cod, &c. Ducks, brants, fliags^
&c. are here in plenty in fummer.
Bniivhfviili, a port town in Oneida co.
N. Y'ork, on Black river, N bank, near ita.
mcuth in Lake Ontario, 590 miles from
VV'afliinotjm. .
o
Bro-wnfvllh, or Rcdjlone Old fort, is a
flourifliing port town in Fayette co. Penn-
fylvania ; on the S eaftern bank of Mo-
nongahela R. bci v/een Dunlap and Red-
ftone creeks ; and next to Pittftsurg is th«
mort confiderable town in the weftern
parts of llio ftate. The town is regularly
laid out, contains about 100 houfes, an
Epifcopalian, and Roman Catholic churchj
a brewery and dillillery. It is conne(!ted'
with Bridgeport, a.fmall village on the op-
polite fide of Dunlap creek, by a bridge
260 feet long. Within a few miles of the
town are 4 Friend's meeting houfes, 24
grift, faw, oil, and fulling mills. The trade,
and em'gration to Kentucky, employ boat
biuldcrs.
bulkier
boats o|
Byrd*
lule of I
N lat. 3|
foulhcrl
Waniinl
Broyf\
on the I
miles N|
fort, an
tltc cap]
Bran/
BRU
tt R P
bulMcn here very prufitahly-; above lOO
hoAt» of 10 tons each, arc biillc .innually.
B^rd'k Fort formerly Ikood here, uii the S
iuic of tlie month of Rtilrtone Creek, in
NUt. 39 .18, W Ion. 81 i»i; 37 mile*
foulhcrly from Pittlburg. ; 13 S by E of
\V:in>itigtou, and 341 W of Phikdelphla.
Brey/c, a harbour, cape, and fettlcment
on the E fide of Newfoundland I. 15
miles N E from the Icttlcineiit of Aqua-
fort, and 30 S wefterly from St. Jolui's,
die capitaL
Brunftuick, a maritime county in Wil-
mington diftriift, N. Carolina, containing
41 10 inhabitants, of whom 1614 ore flavc».
it is the moA fotitherly county of the (late,
having S. Carolina on the S W and bound-
ed by Cape Fear R. on the £. SmitliviUe
U the feat of juflice. In this county is
Wakkamaw Lalco, a beautiful piece of
water 7 miles long, 5 wide.
Brun/wick, the chiet town, in the above
county, fituated on the W fide of Cape
Fear R. It was formerly the- bed built in
the whole A.ttc, and carried on the moil
cxtenfive trade. It lies 30 miles above
the c».pe8, about 9 miles N of Fort John-
fon, 17 S E of Wilmington, and was for-
merly the feat of government. In \ 780,
it was burnt down by the Britilh, and haa
now ouly 3 or 4 houl'es and an elegant
church in ruins.
Brunfwick, a townfliip in Eflex co. Ver-
mont, on the W bank of Conncdlicut R.
dppoftte Stratford, in N. Hampfliire.
Brun/ivLi, a city in Middlefex co. N.
Jerfey, on the S W bank of Raritan R. in
a low fituation ; the moft of the houfes be-
ing built under a hill which rifes W of the
town. It has about 300 houfes, and about
3000 inhabitants, one h.iFof whom are
Dutch. Queen's College was in this city,
but is now ext!n>il as a place of inftruc-
tion. There is a conliderablc inland
trade carried on iicre. Cno of the moft
elegant and expenfive bridges in Ani. tica,
lias been built over the river oppoiitc this
city. It contains 3 churches, i for Epifco-
paiians, ) for the reformed low Dutch,
I for the Prefbyterians. Brunfwick is i8
miles N E of Princetown, 60 N F. from
PliiladelpLia, and 35 S W from N. York.
N lat. 40 30, W Ion. 74 30.
Brurfu'ici, a poft town in Cumberland
CO. Maine, contains 1809 inhabitants, and
Ges NE of Portland 30 miles, and of Bof-
ton 151. It is in N lat. 43 52, on the S
fide of Merry Meeting Bay, and partly
on the S weftern fide of Androfcoggin R.
A. College it in this town in a fluuri{hing ^ .
n.nte, imder n prefulent andji profeffbro^
Unguagc'j. The college building ii jj
feet long, 40 wide, 3 ftoriet high. Th^i
funds are incrcafing with the value of
land in this difiritSb. The Ir.gidature hat'
given 6 townfinps, and the Hon. J. Bow-
doin, lands and money to the amount of
1 0)000 doll*. It is called after him, Botv-
diin Cotlige,
Biiiiifwici, a poft tovm and capital of'
Glynu CO. Georgia, fituated at the moutit
of furtlis R. where it empties into St. .Si-
mons found, N lat. 31 lb. It has a I'afe
harbour, and lufTiciently capacious to con-
tain a large fleet. Although there is a bar
at the entrance of the harbour, it has-
depth of water for the largeft diip that
fwims. The town i.^ regularly laid out,
but not yet built. From its advantageou*-
fituation, and from the fertility of the
back country, it promifes to be one of the
moft commercial and flourifliing places in
the ftate. It lies 19 miles S of Darien, 60
S S W from Savannah, no S E from
Louifville, 7iz from Wafliington.
Biun/kvkk Houfe^ one of the Hudfon Bay
Company's fcttlcments, fituated on Mooie
R. lialf way from its mouth ; S W from
James's Bay, and N £ from Lake Superior.
N lat. 50 30, W Ion. 82 30.
Brunfivuk, Ndw, one of the four Britifli
provinces in N. America, is bounded on
the S by the N fliorcs of the bay of Fuu-
dy, and by the river Mifllquafli to its
fijurcc, and from thence by a due E line
to Vcrte Bay ; and on tlie W by a fine
to run due N from the main fource of St.
Croix P.. in Paflainaquoddy, to the higK
lands which divide the ftrcams which faU -
into the river St Lawrence, and the E.iy
of Fuudy ; and from thence by the foutL-
crn bound:;rv of the colony of Quebec
until it toiicfjes the fea fljore at the welt-
cm extremity of the bay of Chaleur ; tiien
following the courfe of the fca fliore t\»
the bay of Vcrte, (in the ftraits of Nor-
thumbeiland) until it meets the termina-
tion of the eaftern line produced from the
fource of the JVIiffiqu;ifli abovementioncd;
including all tlie iflands within the faid
limits, i'he chief towns aie St.^oin'j,
the cxphal, FrfAiicito-rfn, Sf. Audritus, r.nd
St. Aiin,t\\ii pre fcnt feat of governr ;nt,
The principal ri\ers are St. John's, Ma^je-
gadavick, or Eaftern R. Dickwa'^'et, St.
Croix, Merimlchi, Pctitcodlac, Mcmram-
cook ; all, the 3 laft excepted, empty into
Paflamaquoddy Bay. St. John's R. opcnv
a vaft extent of fine country, on whicix
are rich Li;tcrvalc8 r.nd ia:cauow lands ;
,i ; 1 j
id!'
!|
ft
p'j-' t
r^iii''!
Bud
inod of which are fettled and under im-
|>roveinent. The upland i< in general
well timbered. The trees are pine and
fpruce, hemlock and hard wood, princi-
pally beech, birch, maple, and fome afli.
The pinei on St. John's R. are the Urged
to be met with in Britifll America, and
siTord 1 confiderable fupply of lualis for
the royal navy. The rivers which fall in-
to PaflUmaquoddy Bav, have intervales
and meadows on their banks, and muft
formerly have been covered with a large
growth of timber ; as the remains of large
trunks arc yet to be feen. A raging fire
}>afled through that country, in a very dry
iiafon, according to Indian accounts,
50 years ago, and fpread dedrudlion to an
immenfe extent. For other particulars
refpedling this province, fee the articles
fcparately, and N»va Stotia, Brili/h Amtri-
ea, &c.
Brunfwiti Co, in Virginia* lies bcttvecn
Nottaway and Mcherrin rivers, and is
about .^Smiles long, and 35broad,and con-
tains69i7 free inhiibitants,and 9422 (laves.
Brutu/, a military townfliip in N. York,
through which runs Seneca R. Here the
rivc'r receives the waters of Owafco L.
from the S E through the towns of Aure-
lius and Scipio. Brutus lies 11 miles N £
from the N end of Cayuaga Lake, and
19 S S £ from Lake Ontario.
Bryan, a CO. in Georgia, adjoining Chat-
ham CO. on the W and S W. It contains
a8.i6 inhabitants, 2306 of whom are flaves.
Bryant's Lid, a S E branch of Green R.
the mouth of which is about 17 miles £
of Craigs Fort, and 10 £ of Sulphur Spring
in Mercer co. Kentucky.
Bueifield, a poll town m Cumberland co.
Maine, 48 miles N of Portland. It has
1 00a inhabitants.
Buck Hariour, in Hancock co. Maine,
lies W of Machias.
Snekingbam Haufe, in New South Wales,
lies N wefterly from Hudfon Houfe, and
ftandt on the northern fide of Salkalhaw-
en R. near its fource, and is the wefbern-
moft of all the Hudfon Bay Company's fet-
tlements. N lat. 54, W Ion. no ao.
Buckingham, a CO. of Virginia, bounded
N by James' R. S £ by Cumberland, S W
by Campbell, and S by Appamattox R.
It is 65 miles long, 30 broad, and contains
7053 free inhabitants, and 6336 flaves.
Its court houfe, where a pod office is kept,
is 223 miles from Walhington.
B"ckin9hamfiire, a countv in the diftrift
of Three Rivers in L. Canada, on tht S &de
of St. La\vrence river.
BUE
Butt Jfjni one of tht leflTer Virgin Iflei^
fituated on the B of St. Thomas, in St.
James's PalTage. Lat.i8 i5N,lon.63 30 W.
Bkitkland, a townihip in Hamplnire co.
MafTachufetts, containing 104 1 inhabit-
ants; 106 miles wedvvard from fiodon, 24
N W of Northampton.
Byekland, a town in Prince William co.
Virginia, wher6 a pod office is edablidied,
4-. miles S W of Wafhington.
ButklfPotun, in B«r]Kley co. Virginia, is k
village 8 miles didant from Martinftrurg,
and 2J0 from Philadelphia.
Buckj Co. in Pennfylvania, lies N N E
from Philadelphia. It is fcparated from
N. Jerfey by Delaware R. 6n the S E and N
E and has Northampton co. on the N W.
It contains 2 7,496 inhabitants. Bucks is st
well cultivated county,containing 41 1,900
acres of land, and is divided into 28 town-
fliips, the chiif of Which is Newtown. It
abounds with limcdonej and in fome
placed are found iron and lead ore. There!
IS a remarkable hill in the N end of ihti
county called Haycock, in the townihip
of the fume hame. It is 15 miles in cir-
cumference, having a gradual afcent, and
from its fummit is a delightful profpedl.
The waters of Tohickon Creek wafli it on
all (ides except the wed.
BuckJIoviH, a pod town in Hancock co.
Maine, on the £ fide of Penobfcot R. con^
tains 624 inhabitants ; 27 miles N of Caf«
tine.
Bucktoivn, in Dorcheder co. Mary"
land; lies between Blackwater andTranf-
quacking creeks, 12 miles from their
mouths at Fidiing Bay, and 8^ miles S E
from Cambridge.
BuJJt ratify, a place in Morris co. N.
Jerfey, on the head waters of Raritan.
Bmnaire, one of the Leeward Ides in the
W. Indie*. It is fmall ; lies eadward of
Cura^a, and belongs to the Dutch.
Buenot Ayret, is one of the mod confid-
erable towns in S. America, and the only
place of traffic to the fouthward of Brazil.
It is the capital of La Plata, in the Sdi-
vifion and province cf La Plata. S lat.
34 3J. W Ion. SI 54' Its fituation on the
fouth fide of the river La Plata, on a gen-
tle eminence, is healthy and pleafant, and
the air temperate. Back of the city, from
fouthwed to foutheaft, is Pampas Plain,
of 300 miles extent, in condant verdure,
interfperfed with country feats, producing
few trees, much grafs, on which fubfid in-
numerable h.orfes and cattle. Towards
the north, the great river fpreads like a,
fpaciout fea, the oppofite diore being be-
vond
Toad th
in circu
fquarcs
30 or 4(
houfes I
with a
BUE
BUI'
.Tosd the reach of the eye. It if 7 milct
in circumference, and rt-guliiily built in
fquarct uf about 100 feet. Its (Irccts arc
30 or 40 feet wide, and very dirty ; the
hrmfet one ftnry high, chiefly of brick,
with a court in tha middle, and each is
iiccumniodated with a gardun. The num-
ber of iniiabitants is eAimatcd vaiioufly,
at 15,000, .^o/X}0, and i'ome late accimnt*
fay 100,003; many of them are flavuK. One
fide of the town is defended by a furtrefs
with a garrifun. T'hc town Aands i3o
mile» from the fea. The mail comes in
once a mnnth from Lima. In afccnding
the river, it is necelTary to anchor ev^ry
night ; and on the molt moderate days a
pilot muft go to found the way for the
fliip, on account of the Ihallawaefs of the
water, and the Aiifting of the channel.
After having furmounted thefe difBcultics,
tlie fliips arc obliged, at the diOancc of
three leagues from the town, to put their
goods on board fome light veflTel, and to go
and refit, and to wait for their cargoes at
Incunado de Barrngan, fituated 7 or 8
leagues below. This city was creAcd in>
to a bifliopric in the year i6ao. The tri*
bunal of the Royal Audience was found*
ed 1663, extingiiiOiifd a flew years after,
and re-cfVabliflied in 178.I. The buildv
ings, although of brick, are handfome,
commodious, and many truly elegant.
There are 16 churches, 11 of which are
lar^e and rich ; s convent*, and 2 monaf-
teries, a hofpitals with rich funds, i fov
men and the other for women, i found-
ling hofpital, I college, ar.d i academy for
teaching geography, navigation and draw^
ing. Mere we meet with the merchants
of Europe and Peru ; but no regular fleet
comes here ay to the other parts of Span,
ilh America ; a, or at moft 3, regider fliips,
make the whole of their regular inter-
courfe with Europe. The returns are
chiefly gold and filver of Chili and Peru,
fiigar and hides. Thofe who have now
and then carried on a contraband trade
to this city, have found it more advanta-
geous than any other whatever. The
contraband traders carry dry goods, and
take in return hides, tallow and copper.
The benefit of this contraband is now
wholly in the hands of the Portuguefe,
who keep magazines for that purpofe, in
fuch parts of Brazil as lie near this coun-
try. The moft valuable commodities come
here to be exchanged for European goods,
fuch as Vigogma wool from Peni, copper
from Coquimbo, gold from Chili, and fil-
?er from Potofi. From thp towns of Co-
ricntei nnd Paraguay, the former ijo.fhe
latter joo leagues from Uueno* Ayrcs, are
brought hither the fined tobacco, fugars,
cotton, thread, yellow wax, and cotton
cloth ; .and from Paraguay, the herb, fo
called, and fo highly valuccf, being a kind
of tea drank all over S. America by the
better fort s which one branch is compu>
ed to amount to a million of plcccii of
eight, annually, all paid in goodB,oo money
being allowed to pafs here. The com-
merce between Peru and Buenos Ayres is
chiefly for cattle aiid mule* to .in immenCe
value. When the EngliOi had the advan-
tage of the Ailiento contract, ne^ro flaves
were brought Itither by facSlors, and fold
to the Spaniards. It was founded by Don
Pedro dc Mendosa, in i J3j, but after*
wards abandoned. In 1544, another col-
ony of Spaniards came here, who left it
alio ; but it was rebuilt in xj8s, and ie at
prefent inhabited by Spaniards and native
Americans. The air i; pure and healthy,
particularly in the winter fcafon, which
begins in June, with mucli rain, at which
time the thunder and lightning are fo vio-
lent, that it is neceflaiy to he accuAooied
to the country before one can live with-
out fear. The heat of the fun io the fum-
mer is ten?pered by refreHiiog breezes
from the river. The country abounds
with all kinds of fruit which can fatisfy
the appetite of man ; among which are
apples, pears, peaches, apricots pomegran*-
ates, quinces, S^, grapes, oranges, kmons,
limes, and all kinds of melons. The vine
u cultivated here, and fome very delicious
wines are made ; but in general the wine
is difagreeable to thofe not accuAomed tq
it> See La Plata Jl. and previnct.
Buffaloe Lake, in Britifli America, is near
Copper Mine &• ^ lat. 62 30, W Ion. from
Greenwich no. The Copper Mine In-
dians inhabit this country.
SuffaUe Lid See Great Rldgf.
Buffaloe Creri, in N. York, is a water of
Niagara R. from the £ into which it emp-
ties, near its mouth in Lake Erie. The
Seneca Indians, 800 in number, have a
town and referyatiou of land, 5 miles
from its mouth. This Creek is navigable
Smiles. N lat. 42 52.
Jiujfaloe, i townfliip W of Sufquehanna
R. in Pennfylvania. See Jforihumlttrland
County.
Buffake R. in Teneflee,runs S wcftward
into I'cnoflee R. in N lat. ^^ 10.
Bvffalne R, a water of the Ohio, which
it enters at the S bank, 60 miles above
the mouth of the Wabafli.
■ ' » BuffaUt
I. 'I
m\
'■1'' ij
»;', 1.1
m\
■B -U R
3TF11
m .
■fr-.i^
'■!;. !i
f-ij
'hii.!;!
' Hufahe tutv Lands, a traifl of land in
■JTorthun>'>e*Iand Co. Pehnfylvania, about
*8 miles S E from Prefque Ifle.
Buffaloe Sioamp, m Pennfylvania. See
'Great Stuamp.
Bvckarelli, Point, on the N W coaft of N.
America, lie? in the 54th degree of N lat.
and 89th of W Ion. and forms the N eaft-
ern fide of Dixon's Entrance, as Wadiing-
ton or Queen Charlotte's Illands form its
S weftern fidft.
Butfiiieb's HarLour, fo '...'iisd by Capt.
Tngraham, oathe N W coaft of j^merica,
Ke» in N lat. 46 S^h, W Ion. 113 j\.
BuUits Lid, lies on Salt K. in Ken-
tucky, from which fatt fprings the river
takes itt name. It lies 20 miles from the
Rapids of the Ohio, near Saltfbiirgh ; and
is the firft thi;t was wo ked in the ceuntry.
Bnllittf a CO of Kentucky, containing
3446 inhabitant.\ 944 are fiavei.
Bull IJland, one if the % iflands which
form the N parr of Charlefton harbour, S.
Carolina.
Bnlloek, a f J. of Georgia, divided into 4
towns, and contains 191 j inhabitants, of
whom 469 are flaves.
Bulloek'i Point and Nfs', on the eaftern
■fide of Providence R. Rhode I.
Balls Bay, or Buboul Bay, a noted bay in
Kewfoundl&nd I. a little to the S of St.
John's harbour, on the E tide of that ifland.
h has 14 fathom water, and is vpry lafe,
being land locked. The only danger is a
Tock, so yards from Bread and Cheefe
Point, another with 9 feet water ofF Mo-
•jotty Cove. Lat. 50 50 N, Ion. 57 to W.
Bnllt J^ani, a ffnaU ifl« 1<I of Ckariefton
barbour.
5;//^/5/n,a townfliip in Fayette co. Penn-
iylv<tnia, has 981 fouls.
■ Buncombe the largcft and moft weftcrri co.
«f N. Carolina, being 80 milee long, 40
wide, and perhaps the moft mountainous
and hilly in the U. States. It is in Mor-
gan dtftrii£t, 'bou'.tded W by the ftate of
Teneflee, and S by the ftate of .8. Caro-
lina. It aboundti with iron ore. The
Blue Ridge pafles through Buncomb,
and gives rife to many large rivers, as Cat-
abaw, Wateree, Broad R. and Pacolet
Black, Bald and Smoaky mountains arc in
this county. The numljer of inhabitants
18 5774, of whom 3:<4 are flaves.
Biirir,'o IJies, He in White Bear Bay, New-
foundland I. Great Burgeo, or Eclipfe I.
lies in N lat. 47 35, W Ion. 57 31.
JSurjbfi'u. in Morgan diftriin:,N Carolina,
has 9799 inhabitants, including 776 (laves.
tts capital is Morgantown. It is about 80
miles long, 40 wide. The principal rlveni
are the Catabaw, John's R. Toe, and Liu-
vcl's R. Its mountains arethe Blue Ridg^
Yellow Mountain, the Grandfather, l"a-
ble Mountain, SouthMountain, and Brufhy
Mountain. The lands between the moun-
tains and on the rivers are very fertile.
Burkti Co. in^he Lower diftridt of Geor-
gia, contains 9506 inhabitants, including
2967 Haves. Its chief towjit are Louil*
viHe, and Waynefborough.
Burh, a townfliip in Caledonia co. Ver-
mont, about Tj miles W of the mouth of
Upper Amonoofock R.
Burlin^on, a port town in Chittendon co.
Vermont, delightfully lituatcd on a bay of
its name, ia Lake Champlain, about ao N
of Vfetgennes. It has 815 iAihabitants,
In 1 786 a large nuinber of frogs were dug
up here, 25 feet below the lurface, and
dil'covered (igiw of life, but fopn died.
I-n 1 79 1, the iegiflahirc of the ftate eftab-
lidied a Univerfity in this place, which
has very handfome funds, and is flourifhing.
Burlington Co.in N. Jerfey, extcnrls acrofi
from the Allantic ocean on the S E toDei-
aware R. and part of Huntingdon co. on
the N W in kugth about 60 miles, in
breadth about a8. A great proportion of
it is barren ; about yths of it, however, iit
under good cultivation, and is generally
level, and is pretty well watered. It hai
21,521 inhatMtants, including 188 flaves.
Burlington, City, the chief town of the
above co. is under the government of a
mayor, aldermen, and common council.
The extent of the towpftiip i« 3 miles
along the Delaware, and a mile back ; be-
ing about 18 miles N E of Philadelphia^
and II S W from Trenton. The ifl-nnd^
v,rhich is the moft populous ' \rt, is about
a mile in length, and ^ in brt ith. In the
year 1789 it contained 160 houfes, and
1 1 GO inhabitants ; in 1797, 214 houfes,
and 1714 inhabitants, and now, 1803,
there are 282 houfes, and 225^ inhabit*
ants. The houfes are generally built
within half a mile of the Delaware. The
focieties of Friends, Epifcopalians, Meth-
odiftsand Baptifts have fpacious and neat
■buildings for public worfliip. There are
alfo 2 academies, a free fchool, which edu-
cates 25 poor children, a city hall, with
a town clock,' market houfe, public libra-
ry incorporated in 1 743, a gaol, brewery^
and nail manufa»9x>ry. It has 4 entrances
over bridges and caufeways, And a quan-
tity of bank meadow adjoining. The
main ftreets are conveniently fpaciouH,
aod mpftly ornairented with row&of tree^
'Hie
'"{
3
.;'.'
•
BUS
BYF
tjuan-
The
The town Is oppofite Briftol In Pentifyl-
vania, where the river is about a mile
wide. Under the fhelter of Mittinlcunk
feud Burlington iflands, is a fafe harbour,
commodioufly fituated for trade ; but too
near the opulent city of Pliiladelphia to
admit of any confiderable increafe of for-
eign comnierce. Burlington was firll fet-
tled in 1 677. Mittinicunk I. belongs to
the free fchool, and yields a yearly profit
oi £iSo. Nlat. 408.
Burlington, a towufliip on the eaftern
fide of Unadilla R. in Otfego co. N. York,
is II miles W of Cooperftown ; 438 of its
inhabitants were eledlors in 1796.
Burlington, a new townfliip in Middle-
fex CO. Maflachufetts, taken from Woburn,
about 1 2 miles N of Buflon, incorporated
1799-
Burlington Bay, the weftern pomt of
Lake Ontario, is perhaps as beautiful and
romantic a fituation as any in interior A-
merica, particularly if we include with it
a mardiy lake which falls into it, and a
nohle promontory that divides them.
This lake is called Coot's Paradifc, and
abounds with game. From the head of
the lake following the fliores of the Onta-
rio, we proceed caftward along the bor-
ders of the county of Lincoln, a very fine
and populous fettlement; confifting of ao
town(hips, containing about 6000 fouls,
and furniihing 5 batallions of militia.
There are many fmall rivers which fall
into the lake between Burlington bay,
and Niagara ; the moft beautiful of which
are thole called the Twelve and rheTwen-
ty, Thefe rivers pnevioufly to their flow-
ing into the lake, fpread behind a beach
which impedes their courfe.and the dream
finding only a fmall outlet into the lake, is
ponded back, and forms a fpacious bal'on
within; the banks are high but not broken,
and generally covered with fine pine trees.
Burnt Coat I/land. See Penobfcot Bay.
Burfontoivn, a poft town in Bucks co.
Pennfylvania.
£.rrville,z.^o^ town in Anderfon CO.
Teneflee, 570 miles frpm Wafliiiigton.
Burton, a fmall townfliip in Grafton co.
N. Hampfliire, which was incorporated in
1766, and contains 141 inhabitants.
Burton, a townfliip in the Britifli prov-
ince of N. Brunfwick, fituated in Suubury
CO. on the river St. John.
Bufey toivn, in the iflandx>f St. Domin-
go, lies near Port au Prince, and has a fort.
Bujh Totun. See Harford, Maryland,
Biijbivich, a fmall, but plcafant town, in
King's CO. Lior.j I. N. York. The ialiajit-
Voi,.I. I
ants, 540 In number, are chiefly of Dutch
extratStion ; 99 of thefe are elc(5lors.
Bujby Run, a N E branch of Sewickly
Creek, near the head of which is Gen.Bo-
quet's Field. The creek runs S wellerly
into Youghiogeny R. ao miles S E from
Pittfljurg, in Pennfylvania.
Bujiard R. in Upper Canada, falls Into
St. Lawrence R. S wcftward of Black R.
in a bay of its own name. It runs a great
way inland, and has communication witn
feveral lakes ; and at its mouth lie the
Ofiers Iflands. N lat. 49 30, W ion 68 5.
BuJIUton, a poft town in Philadelphia co.
Penn. about ib miles N W of the city.
Butler, a CO. of Pennfylvania, containing
3916 Inhabitants. It is divided into 4
townfliips.
Butkr's Town,on the W fide of the head
waters of the Ohio.
Butterhill, a high round hill, on the W
bank of Hudfon river, at the northern en-
trance of the Highlands. In palling this
hill, afcending the river, the paflenger is
prefented with a charming view of N.
Windfor and Newburgh.
Butternuts, a poft town In Otfego co N.
Yoik, 25 miles SW of Cooperftown. It
has 1388 inhabitants.
Button t Bay, in the W part of Hudfon
bay, N of, and near to Churchill R. Sir
Thomas Button loft his fhip here, and
came back in a floop built in the country.
Button s IJlci lie on the fouthern fide of
Hudfon ftraits, at the entrance off Cape
Chidley.
Buxahons, an Indian town on the N W
bank of Alleghany R, nearly aj miles from
Fort Franklin, at its mouth.
Buxton, a townfliip in York co. Maine,
on Saco R. 8 miles N weftirly from Pep-
perelborough, and 118 miles N E of Bof-
ton; containing 1938 inhabitants.
Buzzard's Bay,'\n Maflachufetts, togeth-
er with Barnftable Bay on the N E form
the peninfula whofe extremity is called
Cape Cod. It lies between N lat. 4,1 15,
and 41 42, and between 70 38, and 71
10, W Ion. from Greenwich, running into
the land about 30 miles N E by N, and its
breadth at an average is about 7 miles.
Its entrance has Sealconet Point and rocks
W, and the Sow and Pigs ofl^ the S W end
of Cuttahunk, one of the Elizabeth ifl-
ands, on the Eaft.
Byherry, a townfliip in Philadelphia CO.
Pennfylvania, 579 inhabitants.
Byfield, a parifli partly in Newbury,
partly in Rowley, Maflachufetts. It lien
at tki bead of the tide on Parke^rivcr,
1. •■■...■ , . which
1.
i
CAB
CAI
jg|lf; I
iK, ;#
which runs through the N part of the par-
ilh ; Smelt R. being its (outhern boundary
It isi generally level, with a few command-
inghills; itis much intcrfedtcd with brooks
and rivulets, and lias Crane Pond, which
h deep, and well Aored with tifli, covering
100 acres, at the N W corner. The falls
on Parker, or Frcflj R. as it is called above
Jhe tide, afford excellent mill feats. There
are lo grift mills, where great quantities
of grain are purchafed from N. Hampfliire
and Vermont ; the meal ami flour are Culd
in Newburyport and the vicinity. There
are alfo a faw mills, i oil mill, i InufFmiU,
with a Lirge number of mortars, and one
fulling mill, bclide * woollen manufatft>)ry,
which can employ lOO hands. Tholarg-
eft building is 90 Uvft by 30, three flrories
high, furniflied vii'Ai /;iirdin<; macliines,
and all the .tpparatus for mauufadbiring
woollen cloths. The greater part of the
inhabitants are farmers, but large numbers
are employed in making llu)cs for export-
ation. The ])lace is noted for the variety
and excellence of its poais and winter ap-
ples ; and vaft quantities of peat' are dug
from its meadows. Dunimer Academy is
in this parifli,pleafantly lituated on a large
road leading from Newburyport to Salem
and Bofton. It ha»a library of well chol-
en books, funds to fupport 2 inftrucftors,
and nothing is required for tuition. When
the Newburyport turnpike is co'npleted,it
will be 4 miles S W from Newburyport,
and a6 N £ from Bofton.
Byram R. is a fmall ftream, only notice-
able as forming part of the weftern boun-
dary «)f Conne dticut. It falls into Long I.
found, oppofite Captain's Iflands.
Byran ToTcn, inCharles CO. Maryland, is
about 9 miles N R from Port Tobacco ;
and 14 S E from the Federal City.
Byrd, Ford, lies on the eaftcrn bank of
Monongahela R ; on the S (ide of the
mouth of Red Stone Creek ; .^5 miles S
from Pittft)urg, and about 29 N W from
Ohiopyle Falls, On or near this fpot
ftands the compadl part of the town of
Brownfville. N lat. 39 58, W Ion. 81 la.
Byron t Bay, on tlie N E coaft of Labra-
dor.
^AB.INHAS, a co. in the diftrit^ of SaU
iHiury, N. Carolina. It contains 5061 peo-
ple, 695 being in Ahvery. The court
houfe, where a poft office is kept, is 439
miles from Wafliington.
Cabclo, or Cah.'lh, a cape on the coaft of
Terra Firma, in S. America. Nlat. 103.
G^Mrt Ftint, a fm&ll poll town in Surry
CO; Virginia, fituated on Uppef Chipo^k
creek, a6 miles E S E of Peterftiurgh, fUj
from Portfmouth, and 329 S S W of Phi-
ladelphia. Nlat. 37.
Cabode Cruz, a bold pointofland on the
Sfide of the illand of Cuba. N lat. 19 57.
CaiodeSt.yiian, the Neaftenimoft point
of the idandof Porto Rico. K lat. 18 30.
Ciibot, a townftiip in Caledonia co. Ver-
mont. It is iltuated on the height of
land between Lake Champlain and Con-
neiSticut B 8i*x)ut 17 miles from the 15
mile tatd m tlie above named R. and con-
taim 349 hihal>itants.
Cabot's Head, a promontory cztcndinff
far into Lake Huron, W of Olocefter, and
embays a large part of the lake, at itf
eafteru extremity, ftretohing towards the
Manitou illands. Smyth.
Cabelljlurg, a port town in Amhcrft co.
Virginia, arj miles from Wafliington.
Vuliron, Capf, the N I') point of Prcfque
I(lc deSainana,in the- rflaiid of St.Domin-
go, %i league* S E by E of old Cape Fran-
(^ois, N lat. 19 33.
Ciicap.ljon, a river of Virginia, which
runs about 70 miles N cafttrly along the
wcftcrn iidc of Nortli Ridge, and cinpciet
into Potowniack R. 30 miles N from
fredcrickftown.
6'(/i.i;w,^;^o, a large R. in Peru,S. Amerii-
ca, which falls into the ocean within i
lengucs of I^a Plata.
C(/a';=:,a town on the N fide of the ifland
of Culia, near t'-o miles E of Havannah,
and JO N from Spiritu Santo.
Caen, the chief city of Cayenne, ia
French Guiana, in S. America. See Cw
yenne,
Caeniarvan,A townfliip in Lancafter coi,
Pennfylvania,has 94a inhabitant".
Cafaren R. or C(,Ij,iiiJ',c C>f,,i, in N. Jcrfey,
empties into Delaware Bay, after a S wes-
terly courlc of about 30 miles. It is nav-
igable for vclltls of 100 tom as far a*
Bridgetown, 20 miles from its mouth.
Ci:nhne'Kv.iga,Si tribe of Indians in Lower
Canada, fonie of whom inhabit near
iVIoiUrcal.
Caghtu-ivaga, the name of a fmall village
or parifli on the N lide of Mohav.k R. in
the townHiip of Johnftown, about 24
miles W of So!icnci*^ady. It is not im-
probable thar the tribe of Indians men-
tioned in the preceding article formerly
inhabited this place. Sec 'Johnjioiun.
dZiei(/(i,a poll town in tlic Indiana ter-
ritory, N of Kalkaflcias, 963 miles front
Wafliington.
6'(» Ira, a port town in Amelia co. Vir-
ginia, 190 iniict from Wafliington.
Ca IrSf,
CAL
Ca Ir*, the chief town of Sumner co.
Teneflec. A name that perpetuates the
remembrance of political foIJy.
Caijlor, a townlhip in the co. of Lincoln,
U. Canada, between Binbrdok and Gaiuf-
borough, watered by ihc river Welland.
Smytl).
Calabeza, a town of S. America, in Ter-
ra Firma, on Oroonoco R.
Caleaylaret, a jurifdidlion in Peru, fuh-
jedt to the bifliop of Cufco,about 4 leagues
W of that city ; exuberant in all kinds of
grain and fruits, and fugar equal to any
of the refined fugars of Europe. Former-
ly it produced 80,000 arohas ; but the
quantity is now faid to be much Icfs.
Ca/aw, a townfliip in Caledonia co. Ver-
mont , 30 miles N W of Newbury. It has
443 inhabitants.
Caldwell, a town in N. Jerfcy, between
Newark and MorriUown.
Caledonia, Neiv, a very large ifland in
the Pacific ocean, S W and not far diftant
from the New Hebrides, fnft difcovered
Wy Capt. Cook, in 1774. It is about 87
le.tgu«s long; its breadth is various, and
no where exceeds ten leagues. It is in-
habited by a race offtout, tail, well pro-
portioned Indians of a fwarthy or dark
tfh^fliMt brown. A few leagues diflant
are i, .mall iflands, called ifland of Pinet
and Botany ifiaod.
Cal.'hnia Co. is Vermont, contains 24
townf lips, and hasConnedlicut R. SE, Or-
leans and Chittenden counties N W ; Ef
fex CO. N F., and Orange co. S W. It con-
tains 9377 inhabitants.
Caledonia, a port on the ifthmus *r^a-
rien, 45 leagues N W from the rive. At-
rato It was attempted to be eflablifli.'d
by the Scotch nation in 1698, and had a:
firft all the promifing appearances ol'luc-
cefs ; but the Englifli, influenced \y, .: .r-
row national prejudices, put every im
pediment in their way ; which, joined to
the unhcalthintfs of the climate, deftroy-
ed the infant colony. See Batten.
Call, a. city of New Granada, S. .Amcri-
ca,fituated onthe river Cauca. The fla-
?lc port for this city, as alio for thufe of
opayan, Santa Fe, and the fouthern parts
of Terra Firma, is Bonaventura in the
dillridl of Popayan. The road by lai.d
from that port is not paflablc for beads
of burden; fo that travellers with ihcir
baggage, are carried on the backs of In-
dians in a chair, with which weight they
crofs rivers and mountaius, being entire-
ly flaves to the Spaniards, who thus fub-
(titute them in the room of horfcs and
mules. N lat. 3 15, W ion. 76 30.
CAL
CalilogU JR. and Sound, on the coaft of S.
Carolina, form the outlet of May and
New rivers.
California, an extenfivc peninfula of N.
America, lying between the tropic of Can-
cer and the 38 o N lat. waflied on the E by
a gulf of the fame name, and on the W
by the Paci/ic ocean, or great S Sea ; ly-
ing witiiin the three capes or limits of
Cape St. liUcas, the river Colorado and
Cape Blanco de San Sebaftian, which it
called its wefteru limit. The (^ulf which
waflits it on the E called the gulf of Cali-
fornia, is an arm of the Pacific ocean, in-
tercepted between Cape Corientesou the
one fide, andCapcSt.I.ucas on the other;
that is between Mexico nr New Spain on
the N E and that of California on the W.
'I'he length of California is abont 300
leagues, in breadth it bears no propor-
tion, not being more than 40 leagues a-
crofs, from fea to tea. The country is
very fruitful, abounds with domcftic ani-
mals, brought thi;hcr originally from
Spain, and with iome wild animals not
known in Old or New Spain. The cli-
mate isfultry, the heat in fummer being
cxceflively fevcre. I he Roman Catho-
lics have met with confiderablefucccfs in
converting the CaIitorni.'.n» to Chriftian-
ity. The chief town is St. Juan. The
Miflionaries are fupported at vafl cxpenfe
for the purpofe of extending civilization
and ehriftianity through thefe dreary
'bodes of favage pagani*""!!. They per-
form the laborious ic/ vi; e with alacrity
I : 1 prudence. They treat their converts
: , chi'Jrjn, futnifh them with fupport
a -ii eriipioymcnt. They have made fomc
advance in the irts of civil life, are hap-
py, denying rhemfelves their former li-
centious ; Tadlices. They appear devout,
chade and honelt : tiieft is unknown
among tl em. Let Proteftants go and do
likewife. Cortes difcovered this country
in 1536 ; but .Si- Francis Drake was the
firfl who took pofielfion of it, in IJ78 ;
and his rij^'.t .«,<s confirmed by the prin-
cipal king o- icf in the whole country.
Callao, a Tea port town in the empire of
Peru, beinf, the port or harbour of Lima,
and if iicuated 2 leagues from that city.
On the N fide runs the river which wa-
ters Lima, ou which fide is a Ituall fuburb
built only ofr-cds. There is another on
the .Slide ; f'^y are both called Pitipifli,
and inhabited by Indians. To the E are
extenfivc plains, adorned with beautiful
orchards watered by canals cut from the
river. The town, ".'hich is built on a low
flat point of land, was Arongiy fortified
^•■-a
!•
I
CAt
in the refgn of Philip IV. and numerous
b"*tcries command the port and road,
v.nich 19 the greateA< fined, and fafeil in
nil the S. Sea. There is anchorage every
where in very deep water, without
danger of rocks or flioals, except one,
which is 3 cables, length from the fliore,
about the middle of the idand of St.
Lawrence, oppolite I,a Galatea. The
little ifland of Callao lies jiift before the
town. In the opening between thtfe two
iflands, there aic two fm^ll ifiots, or
rather rocks ; there is alio a third very
low, but half a league out at fea, S S E
from the N W point of the ifland of St.
Lawrence. Near the fea fide is the gov-
ernor's houfe, which, with the viceroy's
palace, take up a fides of a fqnare ; the
parifli cluirch makes a third ; and a bat-
tery of 3 pieces of cannon forms the 4th.
The churches are built of canes inter-
woven, and covered with clay, or paint-
ed white. Here are 5 monafteries, and
an hofpital. The houfes arc in general
built of flight materials ; the Angular cir-
cumftance of its never raining in this
country renders ftone houfes unnecefla-
xy ; and befide thefe are more apt to fuf-
fer from earthquakes, which are frequent
here. The moft remarkable happened in
the year 1746, which laid ^ths of Lima
level with the ground, and entirely de-
moliflicd Callao ; where the deftruclion
was fo entire that only one man, of 3000
inhabitants, was left to record this dread-
ful calamity. S lat. la i, W Ion. 77.
CtiUacalles, a river of Chili which falls
into the S fea at Baldivia.
CulJi'iqua, a town and harbour at the S
^Vcnd of St. Vincent, one of the Carib-
bee ifland;). Tiie harbour is the bell in
the ifland, '"""d draws thither a great part
of the trade, and the principal iniiabitants
of the ifland.
Calm Point, on the N W coafl of N. A-
inerica, lies within Briftol Bay, on the
northern fide.
C.jln, Eaji and Wtfi^ two townfliips in
Chefter co. Pennfylvania.
Cahs, a bay on the W coafl: of the pen-
iofula of E, Florida, where are excellent
lifliing banV;s and grounds. Not far
from this is a confiderablt town of the
Seminole Indians. J he Spaniards from
Cuba take great quantities of fifli here,
and barter with the Indians and traders
for fkins, furs, ^:c. and return with their
cargoes to Cuba.
Ciilpolnljuin, a mountain in N. Mexico,
which abounds with quarries of jafpcr
and marble of different colours.
CAM
Cahert Co. in Maryland, on the W fliore
of the Chefapeak ; it is about 33 mile;
long, and 19 and \ wide. It is agreeably
varied by hills and vales, the laud is gen-
erally faudy, and produces good corn.
It contains 8297 people, 4101 being flavc»
to the reft. Chief town, Prince Frederick,
Calumet, Point, on the N fliore of Lake
Superior, W of the river Du Chcue, be-
tween which places, the e;'aft, confifting
of perpendicular rocks, is dangerous.
Smytb.
Gamma, a jurifdiiilion in Peru, under
the bifliop of Arequipa, very cxteiifive,
but full of dcfarts,fomc diftance from the
S. Sea coad. Eafiward it extends to the
borders of the Andes ; abounds in grain,
fruits, and fome filver mines.
Cambletoiim, in VV. Florida, on the W
fidi of Efcambia R. near iis month, 10
miles from Penfacola. A number of
French Proteftants planted themfelve^
here in 1766, and for fome time were
fupported by government, for the pur-
pofe of cultivating filk. The town wa?
fituated on high ground, on a light foil,
but near mar'liy ground, which render-;
ed it unhealthy. It has lonj^ finccbeca
abandoned, and the town dellroyed.
Hutchins.
C.imbridge, an unintiabited townfliip in
Grafton CO. N.Hampfliire, E of Andro-
feo^gin, and S of Uinbagog Lake.
C.wibridge, a pofl town in Wathington
CO. N. York, la by 13 miles in extent,
containing 6187 inhabitants, 10 miles 1^
W of Bennington.
Cambriil^e, a poft and lialf fliire town of
Middlefex co. MafTachufetts, is one of
the largcft and moft refpetElable town-
fliips of the county. Its 3 pariflies, Cam-
bridge, Little Cambridge, and Mcnotomy,
contain 3 Congregational meeting lioui'es,
one forBaptifts, god anotl«er for Epifco-
palians ; a number of very piieaiant feats,
and 2453 inhabitants. A br.<ige connctfts
this town with Bofton. '! iie compatfl
part of Cambridge is pleaf.nitly fituated
3^ miles we(lwar<i of Bofton, on the N
bank of Charles R.'-)ver which is a bridge
leading to Littli Cambridge. It ctmtains
about 100 dwelling hont'"s. Its |niblic
buildings, befide the edifices which be-
long to Harvard Univcrfity,are the Epif-
copal and Congregational meeting houfes,
and a handfome court houfe. The col-
lege biiiidings arc 4 in lunidicr, and are
of brick, named Harvard, Mollis, and
Mafl'achufetls Halls, and Holden Chapel.
Preparations are miking for eretfting
another Hall for the ufc of the ftudents.
'Vhcy
TAM
CAM
They ftan .leautiful green which
fpreads u W, and exhibit a pleaf-
ing view. ais univcrfity, as to its li-
brary, philofophical apparatus and pro-
felTorfliips, is at prefent the firft literary
inftitution on this continent. It takes it(
date from the year 1638, 7 ytars after
the firft Icttlcment in the towniliip, then
called Netutoiun. .Since its eftablifljment,
to Jiil/j 1794, 3.?99 fludents have receiv-
ed honorary degrees from its I'u' '•cflive
oflieers. Jt has generally from 150 to 220
{tudents. The library contains upwards
of 13,000 volumes. The cabinet of min-
erals, in the mufeum, contains the more
ufeful produdtii.-ns of nature ; and ex-
ceptinj; what are called the precious Jlcnes,
there are very few fubflances yet difcov-
ered in the mineral kingdom, but what
may be found here. The univerfity owes
Jhis noble colleiSlion of minerals, and fev-
eral other natural curiofities, to the mu-
nificence of Dr. Letfom, of Landon, and
to that of the republic of France. In the
north parilli of this town, called Muno<e»?y,
is a card manufaiSlory, belonging to Mr.
Whittcmore, of very ingcniouflv coutriv-
pd machinery, and on an extenfive fcale.
J'ifty dozen pairs of cards are made here
in a day, bclides carding machines. In
the eaftern part of this town, at the h.cad
of W. Boflon bridge, is a thriving com-
mercial lettlement. N. lat. 42 33 a8, W
Ion. from Greenwich 71 7 30.
CambriJjre, a. poft town in the upper
country of S. Carolina, where the circuit
courts are held. Formerly it \v;tb called
Ninety Six. It contains about iohoufes,
a court houfe, and a brick ,<^a,-'l. The
college by law inftitutcd here is no bet-
ter than a granmiar fchool. It is 80 miles
N N W of Columbia ; 50 N by W of
Augufta, in Georgia, 140 N W of Charlef-
ton. N. lat. 34 9. In May, 1781, this
town was clofely beficged by General
Greene, and bravelydefcnded by the Brit-
ifli commanded by Col. Cruger.
CamLriJ^e,z. pofl town of Dorchefter co.
Maryland, is fuuated on the S fide of
Choptank R. abwut 13 miles E S E from
Cook's point at its mouth ; 9 W S W
from Newmarket, and 57 S E from Bal-
timore, its lituation is healthy, and it
contains about 50 houles and a church.
N lat. 38 34.
Ciimoiidge. a poft towr, in Franklin co.
Vermont, is fituuted on both fide? of La
MoilleR. about 25 miles NH of Burlington.
Cambrilge, a townHup in U. Canada,
Stormont cp. S of Clarence.
Camien, Eafl and Wef, two tOTrnfliipf
in U. Canada; the latter in Kent co. 00
the N of river Thames, oppofite Howard,
Smyth.
Camden Co. in F.denton diftrid, N. Cnr-
olina, is in the N £ corner of the flate.
It has 4191 inhabitants, including 1170
(laves. Jonefborough is the chief town.
CjW«/, formtrJy a diflrii5t,iii the upper
country of S. Carolina, has Chcraws dif-
tri«5l on the N E, Georgetown diflricl on
the S E, and the flate of N. Ciiroliiia ou
the N ; and was divid.:d into the follow-
ing c<nmtics, Fairiicid, Richlaml, Claren-
don, Clarcmont, Kerfiiaw, Salem, and
Lancafrcr ; the four firft are ertcled into
diftricls of the fame name ; the three
laft form Sumpter dlftrii^. I'his dif-
tricl is watered by the Waterce, or Cat-
abaw R. and its branches ; the upper
part is vaiiegated with hills, generally
fertile and well watered. It produces
Indian corn, wheat, rye, barley, tobacco,
and cotton. The Catabaw Indians, the
only tribe which rcfide in ihc flate, live in
the N part of this diftritT:. Sec CuLtbaiv.
Cami'eii.a. poft town, and chief Of .Sump-
ter diftridl, in Kerfiiaw co. ftands on the
E fide of Wateree R. 35 miles N E of Co-
iunihi.i; jj S W of Cheraw ; 120 N by
W of Charlefton, and 643 S iv of Phila-
delphia. It is regul.irly laid ciut, and
contains about 200 houfcs, an Epifcopal
church, a court houfe and gaol. The nav-
igable river on which the town (lands,
enables the inhabitants to carry on a
lively trade with the back country. N
lat. 34 12, W Ion. 80 54. This town, or
near it, was ihe fccne of two battles in tlie
late war. On :iie 16th of Augufl, 1780,
between Gen. Gates and Lord Cornwallis,
in which the American gcncnil was de-
feated. The other was a brilk aifbion
between Lord Rawdon and Gen. Greene,
on the 25th ofApril,i;8i. LordRawdoa
fallicd out of the town vith 800 men, and
attacked the American camp, which was
v.'ithin a mile of the town. The Ar.ieri-
cans had 126 men ki'led, and 100 taken
prifoners, and the Britifli had about 100
killed. The town was evacuated the 9th
of May, in the fame year, after Lord
Rawdon had burned the gaol, mills, many
private houfcs, and part of his own b.ig-
gage.
Cdrr.ckn Co. in the lower diftritt of Geor-
gia, Kt the S E corner of the ft;,^o, on St.
Mary's R. contains 1681 inli.ilMtant--. iu-
cl'jding 735 fiavcs. Chief town St. Pa-
tricks.
Cuma't/.^
%ri
GAM
CAM
mi
1'!
^'W
if
I!
If i'
teamieH, % fmall pod town on the wefl-
jCrn fide of Penobfcot bay, Maine, and
|the S eaftcrnmod townfliip of Lincoln co.
havingThomafbown on thie S W; 35 miles
JN N £ fropi Pownalborough.
CamJiUt a village in Kept co. (late of
Delaware, about 4 miles S W from Dover.
CumUlui, a. townfliip in N. York, on the
S tide of Senega river, 18 miles S W from
fort Brewington.
Cam I/land, one of the fmaller Virgin
Ifles, in the W. Indies ; fituated near St.
John'ii in the King's Channel. N lat. 18
ao, W Ion. 63 25.
Campbell Co. in Virginia, lies E of Bed-
ford CO. on Staunton IL It ii 30 miles
long, and 17 broad, and contains 6195
free inhabitants, aqd 3671 flavcs. I', con-
jtains large quantities of iron ore , iron
works arc credlcd. Chief town New
London.
Campbclttown, a village in Dauphin co.
Pennfylvania, 13 miles E of Harriiburgh,
and 96 N W of Philadelphia.
CampielltoioK in N. Carolina, is a iargc
and flourifliiii,'; townona br.tnct?. of Cape
Fear R. loc miles above Wilmington;
having " above lOO houfes, many wealthy
merchants, refpc«flable public buildings,
a vaft refort of inhabitants and travellers,
and continual brifk commerce by wag-
gons, from the back fettlemcnts. with
large trading boats." Bartram.
CmpbdCi ForU «-i Teneffee, near the
juinaion of Holfton R- with the Teneffee ;
dirtant 135 iniles from Abingdon, Vir-
ginia, and 445 W of Richmond.
Campbell, a CO. of Kentucky, containing
J 79 7 free people, and 258 Haves. The
court houfe, where there is a pod office,
is jaj miles from Wafliington.
Campbelltown, a poft town of S. Carolina,
in Edgefield CO. 5 7 6 miles from Wafliington.
Campbell's, or Prefon's Salines, in North
Holfton, in the ftate of Teneffee, are the
< air onf 5 that have yet been difcovered
i.ij ihe upper branches of the Teneffee.
.\.arge bones, like thoft. fcand at Big Bor.e
;Lick, have been dug up here ; and <uher
ciicumftances render the tratH: which
contains the falines a great natural curi-
^ritir. Capt. Charles Campbell, pue of
tlie hrfl explorers of the weftern country,
made the difeovery of this tradt in 1745.
In i753« he obtained a patent for it from
^he governor of Virginia. Hi« fou, the
late Gcn.William Campbell, the fame who
|)ehaved fo gallantly in the years 1780,
and 1781, became owner of it on his
^eath. But it wai not till the time of
his death, when fait was very fearce an!
dear, that fait water was difcovered, and
lalt made by a poor man. Since that
time it has been improved to a coniider?
able extent, and many thoufands of peo- .
pie are now fupplied from it, with fait of
a fuperior quality, and at a low price.
The tradl confifts of about 300 acres of
fait marfli land, of as rich a foil as caii
be imagined. In this flat, pits are funk,
in order to obtain the fait water. The
beft is found from 30 to 40 feet deep j
after paffing through the rich foil or mud,
from 6 to 10 feet, you come to a very
brittle limcftone rock, with cracks or
chafms, through which the fait water
iffiits into the pits, whence it is drawn by
buckets and put into the boilers, which
are placed in furnaces adjoining the pits.
The hill.-i that furround this flat are cov«
ercd with fine timber; and a coa| mine
has been difcovered not far from it. Here
is a port office, 567 miles W from Wafli-
ington.
Campeacby, a town in the audience of
Old Mexico, or New Spain, and province
of Yucatan, fituated on the bay of Cam,-
peachy, near the W fliore. Its houfts arc
well built of ftone ; when taken by the
Spaniards it was a large (own of 3000
houfes, and had conftderable monuments
of Indian art and indudry. There is a
good dock and fort, with a governor and
garrifon, which commands both the town
and harbour. It has been often flormed
and taken, both by the Englifli and French
buccaniersjin i659,i678,andlaftiu 1685,
when thefc freebooters united and plun-
dered every place within 15 leagues round
it, for the fpace of two months ; they af-
terwards fet fire to the fort and town,
which the governor, who kept the field
with his men, would not ranfom ; and to
complete the pillage by a Angular piece
of folly, the French buccaniers celebrated
the feaft of their king, the day of St. Louis,
by burning to the value of £.50,000 fter-
ling, of Campeachy wood, which was a
part pf their fliarf of ihe plunder. Tlxe
port is large, but fliallow It was a ftattd
market for logwood, of which great quan-
tities grew in the neighbourhood, before
the EnglilTi landed there, and cut it at the
I ifthmus^ which they entered at Triefta
I Ifland, near the bottom of the bay, 40
leagues S W from Campeachy. The chief
manufacture here is cotton cloth. La.t.
15 40, Ion. 91 30.
Campo Bfllo, a long and narrow idand,
on the £ coaft of Wafuington co, Maine,
fl and
. y .
ifland,
, Maine,
and
C A i^ ^
and the N eafternmod of all the iflands.
It lies at the mouth of a large bay into
tvhich Cobfcook river empties, and has
communication with PaiTamaquoddy bay
on the N by two channels ; the one be-
tween the W fide of Deer L and the con-
tinent ; the other into the mouth of Paf-
famaquoddy bay, between Deer I. and the
N end 6f Campo Bello I. which lies in
about N lat. 44 48. 'J'he S end is 5 miles
N wedcrly from Grand Mannan I. See
Eafport.
Campton, a fmall townfhip in Grafton
CO. N. HampfliirCj on the E bank of Pe-
migewaffet, the N head water of Merri-
mack R. 35 miles N E of Dartmouth Col-
lege, and 67 N W of Portfmouth.
Canaan, a thriving poll town in Lincoln
CO. Maine, on Kennebeck R. 35 miles N by
W of Hallowell, and 233 N by E of Bof-
ton ; incorporated in 1788. The head of
Sawhegan falls is the boundary between
Canaan and Noridgwock. The falls are
ao feet perpendicular. The river is here
divided by an ifland, on each fide, the
channel is about izo feet wide. In the
town is a decent Congregational meeting
houfe.
Canaan, z poft town in Grafton co. N.
Hampfliire, 10 miles E of Dartmouth Col-
lege; incorporated in 1761.
Canaan, a poft town in LitchfieW co.
Connedlicut, E of Houfatonick R. having
MaflTachufetts on the N. At this place
the. water of the whole river, which is
about 75 yards wide, falls about 60 feet
nearly perpendicularly, in a perfect white
fheet, exhibiting, when the river is full, a
fcene exceedingly grand and beautiful.
On thefc falls art a faw mills, 2 grift mills,
a bloomery with two fires, a carding ma-
chine, and 2 fulling mills. A paper mill
and gun fliop were burnt in t8oo, and
havE not been riltuitt. Tiie ore which
fupplici the liionintiy is hronjjht 6 miles,
from Salillniry, nml is ot a I'mnriiir kind.
J\ift below the f'sills, a liidgc roniiri'li
Canaan with SiliOnii V HiHvn n lid lidin
and bridj<r in a Hul Ipriiig ot water, ol'
fomc ctlcbrity. Canaan is i8 mile* N W
•f l.it.-hfield.
Camutii, a townlliip in ElTcx co. Ver-
mont, is the N eafternmofl town in the
ftate. It ftands at the foot of the Upper
Great Monadnwck.
Canaan, a townfliip in Columbia co. N.
Toik, having Kinderhook on the VV, and
MalTarlinfetts E. It has 5195 inhabit-
ants, including .^i flavcs ; 6630!' thcfltc
idkabitauti ate dicdori.
CAI^F
Canada, Or the Province of ^ehee. Hf
the Royal Proclamation of the 7th of 0»a;
1763, this province was bounded on the
E by the river St. John, and from thence
by a line draAvn from the head of that
river through Lake St. John, to the S end
of the Lake Ncpiihng; from whence the
line crothng the river ft. Lawrence and
lake Champlain in the 45th parallel of N
latitude, paflcs along the high lands which
divide the rivers that empty thcmfclves
into the river St. Lawrence, from thofe
which fall into the fea ; and alfo along
the N coafl of the Baye de Chaleurs, and
the coaft of the gulf of St. Lawrence tt»
Cape Roficrs ; and from thence crolling
the mouth of tl« river St. Lawrence, by
the W end of the ifland of Anticofti, ter-
minates at the river St. John. An a«5t of
Parliament pafTed in 1774, has removed
the northern and weftern limits of Que-
bec, adding to its jurifdiiStion alt the lands
comprifed between the northern bounds
of N. York, the weftern line of Pcnnfyl-
vania, the Ohio, the Miflifippi, and the
fouthern boundaries of Hudfon's Bay
Company.
Canada, Upper, commences at a ftone
boundary on the N bank of the lake St.
Francis, at the cove W of Poinfe au Bodct,
in tjje limit between the townfliip of
Lancaftcr and the Seigniory of New Lon-
gueiul, running along the faid limit in the
direcflion of N 34° W, to the weftcrnmoli
angle of the Seigniory of New Longueiul ;
thence along the N weftern boundary of
the Seigniory of Vaudreuil, riinning N
^S° F, until it ftrikes the Ottawa river,
and a ?ends by it into lake Tomifcanning}
and fiom the head of that lake, by a line
drawn due N, until it ftrikes the bound-
ary line of Hudfon's Bay, which is the
parallel of 49^ N latitude, inci'.iding all
the territory to the weftward and fouth-
ward of tiic laiii line, to the utmoft extent
of the country known by the name of
('mala. This province was divided inta
It; counties by ('roclamaiion the i6th of
July, 1 79i,*viz.Addington,Dunda3, Dur-
ham, ElTcx, Frontcnac, Glcngary, Gren-
villc, Haftings, Kent, Leeds, Lenox, Lin-
coln, Norfolk, Northumberland, Ontario,
Prince r'd\v:\id, Storniont, Suffolk, York*
Thrv Vu\d »6 reprefentatives to the pro-
viitiiO parliament. Thcfe counties are
divided into townfliips, which, ordinarily
• In conf'-qu-iic(> of the Increaff of population,
tiitl for other reafons, an act of the puiviniial
;>arli imc;!t has l.itely ]y\l\', A fur the f .; 'V.er (livif-
icn of rhe jMovincf, liy -vhioh the d^ftrKts are
divided into twice titeix ibraier uuniljcr.
'1 ['■Xi
iVtS
,f
CAN
CAN
Ii'M
iff
m
|i
VJ,
i|"
§rt a paraltclogram of 9 by xi niil«g.
From the lake St. Francis, up the St. Law*
xcnce to lake Ontario, the northern bank
of the river, is laid out in regular coun-
ties and town(hips ; the land is for the
mod part fertile, and under as high a (late
ot cultivation as can he expetSled from the
time it has been fettled ; the iirft improve-
ments being made flnce the peace in 1783,
\rhcn all was in a (late of nature, and
heavily timbered. There arc now be-
tween 30 and 40 mills in the extent men-
tioned on this river, the mod remarkable
of which are on the Oananoque. Gogd
toads have been opened and bridges well
conftrudted ; fomc of them over wet
lands, and the mouths of creeks and rivers
of very cunfiderable extent ; and the iird
fcttlcrs have been able, by their very
great iududry,to ereiftcomfortable houfes.
In the rear of thefe towndiips on the St.
Lawrence are upwards of twenty others,
iu which fettlements have commenced, to
the fouthward of the Ottawa or Grand
xiver, which many ot them front ; others
■re well fupplied by the waters of the
Radeau.and river Petite Nation, with the
Gananoque lakes and dreams, all of which
ail()rd abundance of filuations for mills.
Tlicfe rivers, like mod others in Canada,
abound in carpe, fturgeon, perch, and cat
fiili ; the ponds adbrding green and other
turtle, with fifli of various foris. The
lands in their vicinity are differently tim-
bered according to their quality and fltu-
ation. The dry lands, which arc gener-
ally high, bear oak and hickory ; the low
grounds produce walnut, am, poplar,
ctierry, fycamore, beach, maple, elm, /kc
and in feme places there are fwamps full
of cedar and cyprefs. The banks of mod
of the creeks abound in fine pine timber,
and the creeks themfelves afford in gen-
eral good feats for faw mills ; materials
for building are readily procured. The
heads of the rivers Radcau, and Fetlte
Nation, communicate by fliort portages,
or carrying places, with the w.tters tnat
fall into the St. Lawrence, and promife
to afford great advantages to all kinds of
inland communication. The forks of the
Radeau, ubvvt which aic the townfliips
of Oxford, Marlborough, and Gower,
promife to hr ;ti <biue future period, an
emporium for interior commerce. All
the townfliips on the N (idc of lake On-
tario are well watered by fmall dreams,
»t the mouths of which are ponds and
low land, capable of being drained and
coavcrtcd into meadows. Sm^tii.
Canada, Lotuir, is divided into 6 dif>^
tri(S):s, (which are Atbdivided into coun«
ties and townllups) viz. Mortreal, next to
U. Canada ; Tiree Ri'vin, adjoining it on
the E ; ^ebec, next eadward. Thcfe
three didritSts extend acrofs L. Canada,
from N to S, and are interfciJled by the
St. Lawrence. E of Quebec Didridl, ex-
tending along the N bank of the St. Law->
rence to its mouth, is Nortbumierlani, and
on the S fide oppodte is Comioallls ; £ of
which is the didridl and county of Gafpte,
on the point of land, furrounded on the
N, E, S, and S W, by the St. Lawrence
river and gulf, and the Bay of Chaleurii.
Of Canada in general, embracing both
provinQcs, it may be faid, that winter
continues with fuch feverity, from De-
cember to April, as that the largcd river*
are frozen over, and the fnuvv lies com-
monly from four to (ix feet deep during
the winter. But the air is fo ferene and
clear, and the inhabitants fo well defend-
ed againd the cold, that thi» fcafon is nei-
ther unhealthy nor unpieafant. The
fpring opens fuddcniy, and vegetation is
furprifingly rapid. The fummer is de-
lightful, except that a part of it is ex-
tremely hot. Though the climate be
cold, and the winter long and tedious, the
foil is in general very good, and in many
partt both pleafant and fertile, producing
wheat, barley, rye, with many other forts
of grain, fruits and vegetables; tobacco,
in particular, thrives well, and is much
cultivated. The ifle of Orleans, near
Quebec, and the lauds upon the river St.
Lawrence, and other rivers, are remark-
able for the richnefs of the foil. The
meadow grounds in Canada, which are
well watered, yield excellent grafs, and
feed great numbers of great and fm:ill cat-
tle. From Quebec, to Montreal, which
is about 1 70 miles, in failing up the river
St. Lawrence, the eye is entertained with
beautiful landlcapes, the banks being in
many places very bold and deep, and
fliadcd with lofty trees. 'I'he farms lie
pretty clofe all the way, f>;vcral gentle-
men's houfes, neatly built, lliew them-
felves at intervals, and there is all the
appearance of a flourifliing colony. Ma-
ny beautiful illands are interlperfcd in
the channel of the river, which have an
agreeable effedb upon the eye. By the
Quebec atfl, pafl'ed by the Parliament of
Great Britain in the year 1791, it is en-
acted, that there fliall be wl:hin each of
the provinces of Upper and Lower Can-
ada, a lejiidative couucil, and an aifembly,
who,
-■«'
CAM ;
VrliOiWith the confcnt of the governor, ap-
pointed by the king, fliiill have power to
make laws. The Icgillative council is to
coiifift of not fewer than 7 members for
Upper, and 15 for Lower Canada ; to be
fummoned by the governor, who mult be
authorised by the king. Such memlMjrs
are to hold their feats for life ; unlefs for-
feited by 4 years continual abfence, or by
fwearing allegiance to fome foreign pow-
er. The houfe of .Tflembly is to confift
of not lefs than i6 members from Upper,
and not lefs than 50 from Lower Canada ;
chofen by the freeholders in the feveral
towns and diftri«5ts. The council and af-
fembly are to be called together at leaft
once in every year, and every afi'embly is
to continue 4 years, unlefs fooner dilTolv-
ed by the governor. Britifli America is
fuperintended by an ollicer, ftyled Gover-
nor General of the 4 firitifli provinces in
N. America, who, befide other powers, is
commander in chief of all the Britifli
troops in the 4 provinces and the govern-
ments attached to them, and Newfound-
land. Each of the provinces has a lieu-
tenant governor, who, in the abfence of
the governor general, has all the powers
requilite to a chief magiltrate. Lower
Canada, in 17 84. contained ii.^.oia. Both
provinces contain upwards of 150,000
fouls, which r.umber is multiplying both
by natural increafe and by immigration.
As many as about 9 loths of the inhabit-
ants of thefe provinces arc Roman Catho-
lics, who enjoy, under the prefent gov-
ernment, the fame provifion, rights, and
privileges, as were granted them in 1774,
by the a£t of the 14th of George lil. The
reft of the people are Epifcopalians, Pref-
byterians, and a few of almoft all the dif-
ferent fedtsof chriftians. The amount of
the exports from the province of Quebec,
in the year 1786, was £.343^26% : 19 : 6.
The amount of imports in the fame year
was ;£.325,ii6. The exports confifted of
wheat, flour, bifcuit, flaxfeed, lumber of
various kinds, fifli, potafli, oil, ginfeng and
other medicinal roots, but principally of
furs and peltries,tothe amount ofi85,977/.
The imports confifted of rum, brandy,
molafles, coffee, fugar, wines, tobacco, fait,
chocolate, provifions for the troops, and
dry goods. This country was difcovered
by the Engliflx as early as about 1497 ;
and fettled by the French in i6o8, who
kept poflTelfion of it till 1760, when it was
taken by tho Britilh arms, and at the trea-
ty of Paris, in 1763, w.is ceded by France
to the crown of England, to whom it ha>
Vol. I. K
CAN
ever fince belonged. One of the moft re-
markable accidents which hiftory records
of this country, is the earthquake in the
year 1663, which overwhelmed a chain of
mountains of freeftone more than ^oomiles
long, and changed the immenfe traiSt into
a plain. See Jiriti/b America, and Britain,
Nrw, for further particulars concerning
this country.
Canada, a bay on the E (ide of New-
foundland I. between VVMiite and liare
bays, which laft Ues N of it.
Canada Crcds. There are 3 creeks which
l)car this name ; one a water of Wood
creek, which it meets 4 or 5 miles N N W
of Fort Stanwix or New Fort Schuyler.
The other two are northern branches of
Mohawk R. the u/>/>er one mingles its wa-
ters with the Mohawk in the townfliip of
Herkemer, on the German flats, 16 mile«
below Old Fort Schuyler ; over the mouth
of it is a bridge. The other empties into
the Mohawk 13 miles below. Both thefe
are long, rapid and unnavigable ftreams,
and bring a confiderable acceflion of wa-
ter to the Mohawk. The lands on thefe
creeks are exceedingly rich and valuable,
and faft fettling.
CananJarque,'3i lake and creek, in Ontario
CO. N. York. Tho lake is about 20 miles
long and 3 broad, and fends its waters in 3
N eaftward and eaftward courfe 35 miles
to Seneca R.
Catiandarque, a poft and county town in
Ontario co. N. York. It ftands at the N
end of the above lake, on the fcite of an
ancient town of the Indians, is built on
one ftreet about a mile in length, has »
number of elegant buildings, and is a flour-
ifliing place. It is 8 miles W of Geneva.
Inhabitants 1153. From Wafliington 446
miles. A turnpike road is completed to
this place, and a public ftage runs to it
from Aliiany.
Canada Saga, or Seneca lake. See the latter.
Canajohary, a poft town in Montgomery
CO. N. York, on the S fide of Mohawk R. a
fine townfliip of land, 40 miles WofSche-
netflady, and 56 miles from Albany. It
has 2165 inhabitants. A creek named
Canajohary enters the Mohawk iu this
town. In this townfliip, on the bank of
the Mohawk, about 50 miles fVom Sche-
netflady, is Indian CaJHo, fo called, the I'eat
of old king Hendrick, who was killed ia
Sept. i7,rT, at Lake George, fighting for
the Britifli and Americans againft the
French. Here are now the remains of a
Briti(h fort, built during that war, abotK
6o^ces ftjuare. A ^old coia of t]ic value
1' *y
mmi.
n
M
hi
'^
B
'
1
n
1
CAN
rvf about 7 dollars w.u found in thcfo
ruins in i 793. About a mile anil half W
of thi) Ibrt (lauds ;i churcli, which is called
Brandt's church, which the noted chief of
that name is laid to have left with great
reluiSance. This was the principal feat
of the Mcha'.vk nation of hidians, and
abounds with aj>i)lc trees o( their pLintinir,
from the fruit of wlijch is made eide.- of an
cxct:l!\'iU tjuality.
Cii,'i,iiu\i,ii final! oblon<T IlViivl in the cnp-
tainlliip of Brazil, S. Anurica, beloiij;ing
to the rortnj;;uefe, oppofue tlie mouth of
Ararapiza R. on the ii fide of which
ftandi the town of Cananea to guard
the entrance of the bay. This illaud lies
about 37, leagues from St. Vincent. S lat.
as 10, W Ion. 47 12.
Cti/iai- Atan, or Great Cirmr, a village de-
pendent on the city of Cuenca, under t'le
jurifditilion of the province of Quito, in
Peru. It is remarkable for the riches con-
tained in the adjacent moi ntains.
C.iiuinl'sji.'in U.Canada. '.-mpties itl'elf in-
to the Detroit R. at the Huron cornfields,
funiewhat below I'ightin^i; I "and. About
4 miles up this river are excellent mill
feats, to which loaded boats can go. There
ii 9. line linieftone quarry in the rear of
the cornfields, nearly in the centre of the
Huron rcfervc. Smyth.
Cjnfls, or Tiiia,a. jii.rifdieT:icm in Pern, S.
America, fubjcdt to the bidiop of Cufco,
i.8 leajiues from that city. The Cordille-
ra divides it into two parts, Canas, and
Canches ; the former abounding in corn
and fruits, the latter in cattle. In the
meadows are fed no lei's than- ,;o,ooomulcs,
brought hither from Tucuma to pafture ;
and a great fair i.^ held here for thefe crea-
tures. In Canas is the famous lilver mine
called CondoHoma.
Caiiiijeraga Creri nms N weflward into
Geneflee R. at Williaralburgli in N. York
ftate.
Caimmfyiif, a V branch of Tioga R. rif-
cs in Pennfylvania.
CanJia, a townfiiip in Rockingham co.
N. Hampfliire, N of Chefter, and S of
Deerfleld, about a6 miles weftward of
Portfniouth.
Candlemas Shoals, are about % degrees of
lat. due N of Port l-raflin, difcovered,
named, and palled by Mcndana, in 1569.
Caiietu, a city in Peru, S. America, and
capital of the jurifdiiilion of its name,
which produces vafl quantities of wheat,
maiz»e, and fugar canes. It is fubje(!V to the
archbifliop of Lima, and is 6 leagues from
that city. S lat. 1% 14, W Ion. 75 38.
7^ CAir
Cat J Ftri, a br.inch of CumlK^iiand R.
joining it 50 miles eafterly of Nadiville;
or 120 by its mcandnrs. At the mouth it
r, J yards wide.
f J'fld,n poi^ town of Trumbull flatc,
Ohio, New Co iiedicut, 321 miles from
Wafliiugton.
C.i/ii-idirayo, a lake in Otfego co. N. York,
nearly as l;:ri;e a'* (nfego lake, and 6 miles
W i)f it. V dream called Oaks Creek If-
f' from ii,ai)d falls into .SufquehannaR.
about <; mill... below Otfego.
Canuod o Crf<f, a S W head water of Ti-
oga R. in N. York, which Interlocks with
the head waters of (Jenellee R. and joins
Coneftco creek 26 miles W N W from the
Painted Polt.
Cj!!::arf3, Indians of the province of
Quito, in I'ern. They are very well made,
and very active ; they wear their hair
long, which they weaye and bind about
'lu'>; heads in form of a crown. Their
clothes are made of wool or cotton, and
they wear fine fafliioned boots. 'Ilieir
wcmien are handfome, and fond of the
.Spaniards ;they generally till and mnnur»
the ground, whililt their hnfliands at home,
card, fpin, and weave wool and cotton.
Their country had many rich gold mines,
now drained by the Spaniards. The land
bears good wheat and barley, and has fine
vineyards. The magnificent palace of
Tl.nmaLamba was ill the country of the
Cannares.
Caii/tawral, Capr, thjc extreme point of
rocks on the E fide of the peninfula of E.
Florida. It has Mofquitos Inlet N by \V,
and a large flioal S by E. This was the
boundary of Carolina by charter from
Charles il. N lat. 28 35, W Ion. 81 9.
I Cniinayah, a village on the N lide of
I Walliington I. on the N W coaftof N A-
; merica.
I Catwi-fs, a town of Louifiana, on the N
bank of Red R. a branch of the rvTiilifippi.
Canoe Rid<^e, a tugged mountain abotit
200 miles W of Philadelphia, forming the
E boundary of Bald Eagle Valley.
CiiiioMi'u-ut i)//i/w(/, in Newport co.R. I/land,
lies about 3 miles W of Newport, the S
end of which, (called Beaver Tail, on
which fi:ands the light houfe) extends a-
bout ss far S as the S end of Rhode I. It
extends N about 7 miles, its average
breadth being about one mile ; the li. fliore
forming the W part of Newport harbour,
and the W fliore being about 3 miles from
the Narraganfct fliore. On this point !,■;
Jamcftown. It was purchafed of the In-
dians in 1657, and ia 1678, was incorpor-
atedi
CAN
CAP
I the N
iililippi.
abo\it
ling the
l.Ifland,
•t, the »
"ail, on
tends .\~
Je I. [t
average
li fliore
larbour,
les from
point is
the In-
corpor-
ate(i
4ted by the name of Janitftown. Tl>e foil
iii luxuriant, producing grain and griils in
abundance, jameftown contains jOi in-
habitants.
Caiiuiijhurg, a port town in Wjifliington
c(i. Pennlyivania, on the N hdc of the W
branch of Chartiers Crt-ek, which runs N
by E into Ohio R about 5 miles behiw
Piltfburg. In its environs are I'cveral val-
uable mills. Here are about 50 hinifcs
and an ncadcniy. 'I'he trullcc^ have ob-
tained a College charter for this indiui-
tion, as alio limie pecuniary rii! frcm the
legill.iturc. It has alreatly pi tluccti ■ con-
fiderable number of valuable public ir-
acStcrs. The name of the coHegcis J
ion, and it has near 100 Ihidents.
vicinity 01 this place is a coal mi; 7
miles N l'. by E of Wafliingtou, and 1 J S
W of I'ittfburg.
Cdiifv, or Lunccau, an ifland, c:ipe, and
fmall tilhiug bank on the S J^ coalt of Nova
Scotia, about 40 leagues E by N of Hali-
fax ; N hit. 45 ao. '1 he illc is fmall, near
the continent ; N E from Cai)e Canfo,
which is the S caflcrnmoft land of Nova
Scotia. Canlb has a g>)od harbour 3 leagues
deep. Here ;.re two bays of fate anchor-
age. Near tiiefc on the eontine:it is a riv-
*r called Salmon R. on account of the
great quantity of falmon taken anil cured
there. It is believed to be tlie bell Hflicry
in the world of that fort. Limcflone and
plaifter of Paris are found on the Gut of
Canlo. This gut or channel is very nar-
row, and fornij the paflagc from the At-
lantic inti' the gulf of St. Lawrence be-
tween Cape Breton idand and Nova Scotia.
Canfi. :i townlbip in the neighbourhood
•of the above named place, in llalifax co.
Canij, a town and jurifdickion under the
archbifliop of J^ima, in Peru. It is cele-
brated for excellent papas, wh'cii meet
with a good market at i-ima, 5 leagues
diflant S S W. Here ;--re innumerable
flocks of flieep, the pafturcs being very
rich and cxtenfive. S Lit. n ^8, Vv' Ion.
75 43-
Caiiterhitry, a towndiip in Rfxkinghani
CO. N. Hampfliire, lituated on the eaftcrn
bank of Merrimack R. 1 4 miles N by W
of Concord, 45 N W of Exeter, and 48
from Portfmouth. It coiiiains 1114 inhab-
itants.
Cinterlmry, a pofl town in Windham co.
Conne(flicut, on the W ilde of Quiunabaug
R. which leparates it from Plainiield. It
is 7 miles E by S of Windham, and about
J 4 N of Norwich. It has 3 congregation-
al meeting houfes, and one for the Bap-
fifts, and a flourllbing academy. The W
part of tiie t()wn on (Jninnabaug is excel-
lent land, iiighly cultivated, the houfes
iiandloiuc-,thc pei'ple in cafy circuinU.-'.n-
rcs. Inliabiiants, 1812. It is 4iz miles N
E of Walhington.
Ca/it-Uill's 2)'iiJ,^c, a pofl town, in New
Caftle CO. Dclawaic, 141 milts from Wafl»-
Ligtou.
CLiiiion, ;. port town in Norfolk co. Maf~
fachulett-i, incorporated in 1797, it btinc
(onnerly the northerly part of Stoughton,
ii>habitant.4 IIIO.
Ciiiiy lori, in the flate of Tctiefl'ce, is a
fl'.ort navigable river, and runs N W into
Cumbi.il.ind R. W of the Salt Lick, and
oppoiitc Salt Lick Creek, 50 miles in a
ftraight line from Nalliville.
dpiilitit, a large tcwn in the province <»f
Guaxaca. 'I'he country round abounds
with fliccp, cattle, nnd excellent fruit.
Cape St. AiJniLs, on the coaft of Para-
guay, or La Plata, S. America. S lat 58
JO, W Ion. J 9 46.
CiipeSuAiitoiiiofh the point of land onthc
fouthern lide of La Plata R. in S. America,
which, with Cape St P<lary on the north-
ward, forms the mouth of that river. S
lat. 36 ,-, z, W Ion. 56 34.
Ciz/jf St. Afigujline, on the coafl of Brazil,
S. America, lies Ibnthward of Pernantbugo;
S lat. 10 15, W ion. 5S 13.
Cipf lilotv me i/mvii, which is the fouth-
ern fide of the entrance from the bay of
Eundy into the Ealinof Min.is, is the eaft-
ernmoft termination of a rangi' of nionu-
tains, extending about 80 or 90 miles to
the gut of Annapolis ; bounded N by the
fliores of the bay of Fundy, and S by the
fliores of Annapolis R.
Ciipi 6W, anciently called M.iUdarrchy
the French, is the y caftward point of the
bay of Mairuchulctts oppolite Cape Ann.
N lat. 43 4, W Ion. from i;reenwich, 70
14. See BaniJiaUr C^. and J'rovi/n.t- Tortm.
Cjpr El-Ziibi'fh, a head land and lownfl-i'pi
in Cumberland co. Maine. The cape lies
in N lat. 43 33, i: by S irom the centre
of the town 9 ntUcs ; about 20 S wenerly-
of Cape Small Point, and 1 1 N ]■; fi om the
month of Saco R. The lo%vn has Port-
land on the N E, and Scarborough S W,
and contains 1355 inhabitants, it was in-
corporated in 1765, and lies 126 milofi N
E of Bolton.
C.ipc Fear, is the fouthern pc^int of
Smith's I. which divides the mouth of Cape
Fear R. into two channels, on the coaft of
N. Carolina ; S W of Cape Look Out, and
remarkable for a dangerous llioal called
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WEBSTIR.N.Y. 14S80
(716)872-4503
^ CAP " *
the Frying Pan, from its fonn. A light
houfe ftands at the mouth of the river.
• It bears W N W from the point of the
Cape, 4 miles diftant. Near this cape is
Johnfon's Fort, in Brunfwick co. and dif-
tridl of Wilmington. N lat. 33 33, W Ion.
78*5.
Cape Fear R. more properly Clarendon,
affords the boft navigation in N. Carolina.
It opens to the Atlantic ocean by z chan-
. n^ls. The S weftern and largeCt channel
betv^een the S W end of Smith's I. at Bald
Head, where - the light houfe ftands, and
the E end of Oakes I. S W from Fort
Johnfton. The new inlet is between the
, fea coaft and the N E end of Smith's I. It
will admit veflols drawing lo or xi feet,
and is about 3 miles wide at its entrance,
, having 1 8 feet water at full tides over the
bar. It continues its breadth to the flats,
and is navigable for large vcfiels 21 miles
from its mouth, and 14 from Wilmington ;
to which town veflels drawing 10 or la
feet can reach without any ri&. As you
afccnd this river you leave Brunfwick on
the left, and Wilmington on the right. A
little above Wilmington, the river divides
into N E and N W branches. The form-
er is broader than the latter, but is neither
fo deep nor fo long. The N W branch
rifes within a few miles of the Virginia
line and is formed by the jun«5lion of
Haw and Deep rivers. Its general courfe
is S eafterly. Sea veflels can go ij miles
above Wilmington, and large boats 90
miles, to Fayetteville. The N E branch
joins the N W branch a Uttle above Wil-
mington, and is navigable by fea veflels
ao miles above that town, and by large
boats to South Wafliington, 40 miles fur-
ther, and by rafts to Saredbo, which is
nearly 70 miles. The whole length of
Cape Fear R. is about aoo miles.
Cape Helior, a cape of the N W coaft of
N.America, in lat 51 57 ao N, Ion. 133
37 W. Near it are 4 or 5 fmall ifles, call-
ed Kerowart Ifles.
Cape Hope., on the N weftcrly part of
Martha's Vineyard, on which a light houfe
is to be ere(£lcd by order of Congrefs.
Cape Look Out, on the W coaft of N. A-
mcrica, lat. 45 3a N,lon. 236 11 E.
Cape Orford, on the W coaft of N. Amer-
ica, lat. 4a 38 N, loi' a3,v 44 E. The
<:omploxion of the natives in the vicinity
is a light olive, their difpofiiion is more
mild, and their conduit more honeft than
is common among American favages.
Cape May, is the S wefternmoft point of
the ftiite of N. Jerfey, and of tb« county
. * CAJl
to which it gives name. N lat. 39, W loa»
75 a. It lies 20 miles N E from Cape
Henlopen, which forms the S W point of
the mouth of Delaware bay, as Cape May
does the N £.
Ci;pe May Co. fpreaucls northward around
the cape of its name, is a healthy, fandy
tradt of^country,.34 miles long, 19 broad.
The county is divided into Upper, Mid-
dle, and Lower precindVs. The number
of inhabitants is 3066, of whom 98 arc in
flavery. At the court houfe is a poft of-
fice, 231 miles from Wafliington.
Capcrivaca, a large river in Guiana, S.
America. j,
Capiapo, a harbour in Chili, S.America.
Caraccasy a province of Terra Firma, S.
America, lying on the fouthern coaft of the
Caribbean Sea. This coaft is bordered in
its greateft length by a chain of moun-
tains, running E and W, and divided inta
many fruitful vallies,whofe diredlion and
opening are towards the N. It has mari-
time fortified towns, Puerto Cubelo, and,
I^a Guayra. I'hc Dutch carry thither to
the Spaniards all forts of European goods,
efpecially linen, making vaft returns of fil-
ver and cocoa. [See Robijrtfon's Hift.
Amer.Vol. III. p. 2)7)5 and 425.] The co-
coa tree grows here in abundance Thercj
are from 500 to aooo trees in a walk, or
plantation. Thefc nuts are palTed for
iiipney, and are ufed as fuch in the bay of
Campeachy. N lat. 10 12, W Ion. 67 10.
See St, John de Leon,
Caramanta, a province of Terra Firma,
S. America, lying on the river Cauca^
bounded N by the diftridt of Carthagena ;
E by N w Granada ; and S and W by Po-
payan, m the audience of Panama. It is a
valley, furrounded by high mountains ;
and there are waters from which the na-
tii'es extracSt very good fait. The capital
of the fame name lies in N lat, 5 18, W
kn. 75 ij.
Carangas, a province and jurifdidtion
under the biCiop of Plata, and 70 league*
W of that city, in Peru, very barren in
corn and grain, &c. but abounding in cat-
tle. Here are a great number of filver
mines conftantly worked, among which
that called Tureo, and by the miners
Machacado, is very remarkable. The fi-
bres of the filver forming an admirable in-
terniixture with the ftone ; fuch mines are
generally the richeft. There are other
mafles of filver in this province equally re-
markable, being found in the barren fand«
deferts, where they find, by digging only,
detached lumps of filver, unmixed witl^
9SiJ
CAR
any ore pr Aone. Thefe lumps are called
papas, becaufe taken out of the ground as
that root is, and have the appearance of
melted lilver ; which proves tliat they are
thus formed by fufion. Some ol thefe pa-
pas ha' e weighed from 50 to ijo marks,
being a Paris foQt in length.
Caravaguy a river in iPcru, S. America,
famed for its golden fands.
Lardigan, N. Hampfliire. See Orange.
Cariacoy a large gulf in tlie province of
Comana, Terra f iima, S. America. On
the nprthe.n fide at its mouth is Fort St.
YagW, in N lat. 10 7, Wlon. 63 30, and on
the fouthem fide Cape Bordones.
Cariacoufh the chief of the fmall ifles de-
{)endent on Grenada I. in the W.Indies ;
lituated 4 leagues from Ifle Rhonde,which
is a like diAance from the N end of Gren-
ada. U contains 6913 acres of fertile and
well cultivated land, producing about a
million lbs. of cotton, bellde corn, yams,
potatoes and plantains for the negroes.
it has two fugar plantations, and a town
called Hilljhorougb.
Caribeaiia, now called Paria,OT Nno Ait'
ialufiay which fee.
Caribbee JJIaftds, in the W. Indies, extend
in a femicircular form from the illaud of
Porto Rico, the eanernmod of the Antil-
les, to the coaft of S. America. 1 he fea
thus inclofed, by the main land and the
liles, is called the Caribbean Sea ; and its
great channel leads N wefhvard to the
head of the gulf of Mexico, through the
Sea of Honduras. The chief of thefe irt-
ands are Santa Cruz, Sombuca, Anguilla,
St. Martin, St. Bartholomew, Barbuda, Sa-
ba, St. Euftatia, St. Chriftopher, Nevis,
Antigua, Montferat.Ouadaloiipe, Defeada,
Mariagalantc, Dominico, Martinico, St.
Vincent, Barbadoes, apd Grenada. Thefe
are again clafTed into Windward and Lee-
ward ifles by feamen, with regard to the
ufual ccurfes of lliips from Old Spain or
to the Canaries, to Carthagena or New
Spain and Porto Bello. The geographi-
cal tables and maps clafs them into great
and little Antilles ; and authors vary much
concerning this laft diftintSlion. See An-
tilles. The Charaibes or Caribhees Were the
ancient natives of the Windward iflands,
hence many geographers confine the term
to thefe ifles only. Mofl of thefe were
anciently poflefled by a nation of canni-
bals, the terror of the mild and inoflfenfive
inhabitants of Hifpaniola ; who frequent-
ly expreflcd to Columbus their dread of
thefe fierce invWers. I'hjis when thefe
itiaudi were afterwards dilcovered by that
; CAR. '"
*
great man, they were denominated Cliar-
ibbean Ifles. The iufular Charaibes are
fuppofed to be immediately defceudcd
from the GaUbis Indians, or Charaibes of
S. America.
Caribmi, an ifland towards the E end of .
Lake Superior.
Curijioiis, a nation of S. America, inhab-
iting a country to the N of the river ."Vnv
azon ; wiio are at perpetual war with tl;c
Carribbees.
CailcUii IJland, Upper Canada, lies near
to Grand lllaud, oppoftte to Kingihm, and
neareft the S lliorc, where Lake Oulaiiu
defcends into the St. Lawrence : Kings-
ton garrifon furnifhes a detachment ta
this place. Sn^^th.
Cariife, a town of Middlefex co. Maira-
chufetts, containing 634 people, %o miles
from Bodon.
Carlijie, a pod and chief town of Cum-
berland CO. Pennlylvania,on the poA road
from Philadelphia to Pittfburg ; is 125
miles W by N from the former, and 1 78 JJ
from the latter, and 18 S W from Harrif-
burgh. Its fituation is plcafant and heal-
thy, on a plain near the Ibuthern bank of
Conedogwinet creek, a water of the Sul^
quehanna. 'I'hc town contains above 400
houfes, chiefly of Hone and brick, and
203 z inhabitants. Tiie flrects interfc«!t
each other at right angles, and tiie pubiii;
buildings are a college, court hpule and
gaol, and 4 edifices for public woiiliip.
Of thel'e the Prefbyterians, Germans, .L-
pifcopalians, and Roman Catholics, have
each one. Dickinfon College, named af-
ter the celebrated John Dickinfon, Elq.
author of feveral valuable tradis, has a
principal, 3 profeflbrs.a philofoplacalap<-
paratus, and a library containing near
3000 volumes. Its revenue arifcs from
;C4000 in funded certificates, and io,oco
acres of land. In 1787 there were 89
(Indents, and its reputation is increafiiig.
This town has had a rapid growth.
Carlijh; a bay on the W fide of the ifl-
and of Barbadoes, in the W. Indies, be-
tween James and Charles Forts, oi wiiich
ftands Bridgetown, the capital of the ill-
and,in N lat. 13 9, W Ion. 60 3.
Carlos, a fort on the N coafi cf Terra
Firma, on an ifland .which commands the
channel between the gulf of Vj-uiczuela,
and that of Maracaybo, al)out ao miles N
from the town of Maracaybo.
Carlos, or yuan Ponce. See Calos.
Carlos a town of Veragua, in N. Spain,
45 mile?. S W of Santa Fe. It ftands on a
large bay, N Jat. 7 40, W ion. 8a 10.
CurUfii,
««•
■» >
'i
ll
1t
►«»
!
CAR ' , ■ '
flarUfa, a town in the interior of Brazil,
iin the 15th degree of S lat. on the S E fide
of St. Francis R. and N by W from Villa
Nova.
Ciirmel, a townfliip in Dutchcfs co, N.
York, 11 miles N E of Peeklkill, having
1979 inhabitants.
Carmflo, A riv^ on the coaft of New Al-
bion, S cadwiird of Fraucifco Bay, N lat.
36 SS' A little northward from it is Sir
Francis Drake's harbour, where tliat uavi>
jator fpent 5 weeks.
Carnero, a cape in the S. Sea, near Santa
Maria, on the coaft of Peru. Jtat. i 3 j S,
Ion. 77 iO W.
Carnefville, the chief town of Franklio
CO. Georgia, 100 miles N W of Augafta.
It contains a court houfe, and gaoL An
academy is eftablifhed here.
Carolina, Sec North Carolina and South
Carolina,
Caroline Co. iQ Virginia, is on the S fide
of Rappahannock R. which feparates it
from King George's cp. It is about 40
miles fquare, and contains 6857 free in*
habitants, and 10,581 flaves.
Caroline Co, on the eaftern fliore in Ma-
Xyland, borders onDelaware ftate to the E,
anjl contains 9226 inhabitants, including
3865 flaves. It is 34^ miles long, 16 broad<
It is well watered by Choptank R. Tucka-
lior and Marfliy Hope Creeks. Its chief
town Denton.
Carora, a town of Terra Finna.N.Amer-
5ca, abont 1 10 miles N E from Gibraltar
on Maracaybo Lake.
Ccirouge, Point, the northernmoft extrem-
ity of the ifland of St. Domingo, in the W.
Indies ; 25 miles N from the town of St.
Jago.
Carr, a plantation in " incoln co.Maine.
Carrantafca Lagoon, \% a large gulf on the
S fide of the bay of Honduras, about 70
miles N W of Cape Gracios a Dios, and
nearly as far S E frwn Brewers Lagoon.
Carter, a CO. in the flate of Tencflfce,
formed of a part of the co. of Wafliington.
It is bounded on the N by Sullivan co. E
hy N. Carolina, S and W by Walliington
CO. It is watered by the Watuga and its
branches, and contains 4813 people, of
■whom ao8 arc flaves.
Carteret Cape. See Roman,
Carteret, a maritime co. of Ncwbern dif-
tri(Sl, N. Carolina, on Core and Pamlico
Sounds. It contains .^982 inliabitants, in-
cluding 796 flaves. IJeaufort is the chief
town.
Carter's Falley, a pleafant and fertile val-
ley on the waters of Holfton R. feveral
' i
CAR
miles wide, and about 40 miles long, run-
ning from the edge of Virginia.in a S weft-
erly direifUon lb as to include Rogcrfville,
in reneflTec. Ucroflesthe NforkofHol-
fton and feveral creeks.
Cirt.rfvill,; a poll town in Powhatan co.
Virginia, on the S fide of James K. 40
.miles above Richmond.
Carthage, See Maure Court Houfe.
Carthagena, a bay, harbour, and town,
and the chief fea port in Terra Firma, S.
America. I he city of Carthagena i(^ large,
rich, and ftrongly fortified, and thiltchief
of the province of the fame name, with a
bilhop's fee, and one of the bed harbour*
in Ameiica. The entrance into this is fo
narrow that only one fliip can enter at a
time ; and it is defended by 3 forts. AU
the revenue^ of the king of Spain from
>I. Grenada and Terra Firma, are brouglit
to this place. Sir Francis Drake took this
city, and carried ofTimmenfe plunder in
ij2s- The French plundered it in 1697;
but Adm. Vernon, in 1741, though he had
taken the cullies, was obliged to abandon
the ficge.for want of fltill in the command-
ers of the land forces, and the fickneft
that was among them, not tio mention the
difierence between the admiral and the
general. The ftreets of the town are
ftraight, broad and well paved. The houf-
es are built of ftone or brick, and are one
ttory high, and contains 25,000 fouls.
Here is alfo a court uf inqnifitiou. N lat^
JO 27, W Ion. 75 22.
Carthago, formerly a confiderabje town
of New Spain in N America, in the prov-
ince of Cofta Rica, with a bifliop's fee, and
the feat of a Spanilh governor ; at pref-
ent mean and inconfiderable ; and is 360
miles W of Panama. N lat. 9 5, W Ion. 83.
Carvel of St. Thomaj, a ro 'k between the
Virgin ifles E and Porto Rico on the W.
At a fmall diftuncc it appears like a fail,
as It i»whitc and has two points. Between
it, and 'St. Thomas, paHes Sir Francis
Drake's channel.
Carver, a townfhip in Plymouth co.
Maflachufctts. Here is a pond with fuch
plenty of iron ore, that 500 tons have
been dragged out of the clear water in a
year. They have a furnace upon a ftream
which runs from the pond ; arid the iron
made of this ore is better than that made
out of bog ore, and fome is almoft as good
as refined iron. It is 50 miles S E from
Bofton, and contains 863 fouls.
Carvers River, a branch of St. Peter's R.
which empties into the MiUlfippi. See
Si, Fierre, or Piter's River.
CafucoreSi
;:;:-r^
V
CAS"
- "^
Cifuiorft, a lake in Paraguay or La
Plata in S. America, about loo miles
lung.
Cj/co JJjy, in Maine, fpreads N W be-
tween Cape Elizabeth on the S W, and
Cape Small Point on the N E. Wltiiin
thefe points, which are about 40 miles
apart, are about 3C0 fmall iflands, fomc
of which are ichalu'tcd, and nearly all
more or IcHt cultivated. The land on
thefe iflands, and on the oppofite coaft
on the main, is the bed for agriculture
of any on the fea coaft of this country.
Cafco includes feveral bays. MaquoitBay
lies about ao mi'Its N of Cape Elizabeth.
The waters of Cafco extend feveral arms
or creeks of fait water into the country.
The waters go up Mfadows ^. Avhere vef-
fels of a conflderable iize are catried by
the tide, and wliere it ilows within i mile
of the waters of Kcnnebcck. On the £
fide of Cape Elizabeth is the arm of the
fea called Stroudivaitr. Farther E is Prt-
fupipfcot R. form :.-.ly called Prefumpfecag,
which rifes in Scbago Pond. This river
open<« to the waters of Cafco Bay on the
E of Portland ; its extent is not great,
but it has feveral valuable mills upon it.
Jltyttl's R. called by the natives Weftecuf-
tego, falls into the bay 6 miles from Pre-
fumpfoot R. It has a good harbour at
its month for fmall vefTc-ls ; and has fev-
eral mills upon it ; 2 miles higher a fall
obilrudls the navigation. Between it and
Kennebcck there arc no rivers ; fome
creeks and harbours of Cafco Bay pro-
jed): into the main land, affording har-
bours for fmall vcflels, and interfecSting
the country in various forms.
Ciifquipibiac, a river un the N fide of
Chaleur Bay, at the mouth of which is a
fmall cod and falmon filliery.
Cafpean, Of Beautiful, a fmall lake in
GrcenKborough, Vermont. It has Hazen
block houfe on its weftcrn fide. It is a
head water of I.a Moilte river.
CiiJJttah, or CuJJitahy an Indian town, in
the weftcm part of Georgia, which, as
well as the Coweta town, is 60 miles be-
low the Horfe Ford, on Chattahoufee
river, and \% above the Broken Arrow.
Cijlile del Orn. Sec Ti^rra Firma.
Cajiim, a poll and fliire town of Han-
cock co. Maine, is (ituated on Penobfcot
bay. It was taken from the town of Pe-
nobfcot, and incorporated in Feb. 1796.
It is named after a French gentleman who
refided here 140 years ago. It is a flour-
ilhing place, and has 665 inhabitants.
Canine River, it about 1 4 milcs long, is
CAT
aavigablc for 6 miles, and has feveral
mills at the head of it. It empties into
Penobfcot bay.
Cijlletoivity a townfliip in Richmond coi.
Statcu I. N. York, which contains 1035
inhabitants, including 100 llaves.
Cajlleton, a townfliip and river in Rut-
land CO. Vermont, 20 miles S E of Mt. In-
dept ndence at Ticonderoga. Lake Bom-
bazoa is chiefly in this town, and fends
it,« waters into Caftleton R. which, rifihg
in Pittsford, paflcs through this town in a
S wefterly courfe, and falls into Pultncy
R. i^ the town of Fairhaveit, a little be-
low Col. Lyon's iron works. Fbrt War-
nes ftands in this town. Inhabitants-
1038.
Cajfort R in Newfoundland, I. empties
in the harbour of St. John's. Its fize ia
conflderable for 15 miles from the fea.
CaJIro, a ftrong town in S. America, in
Chib, and capital of the ifland of Chiloe.
It was taken by the Dutch in 1643^ and
is i8'o miles S of Baldivia; fubjec^ to
Spain.
Ciijlrn Plrreyna, Or Viregna., a tOWn and
jurifditflion, in S. America, in Peru, fub-
jedb to the archbifliop of Lima, remark-
able for it valuable wool, grain, fruits,
iilver mines, tobacco, and wholefomc air.
The town is I2j miles S E of Lima. S
lat. i« 50, W Ion. 74 45.
Cafivell Co. in Hillfborough dillrl«a, N.
Carolina, borders on Virginia N. It con-
tains 8701 inhabitants, of whom 2788 are
flaves. Lecftjurg is the chief town. At
the court houfc is a pod office, 326 miles
from Wafliington.
Cat IJlandiOT Guennfjiti/i!, one of the Ba-
hama Iflands. It was the firll land dif-
covtred by Columbus, to which he gave
the name of St. Salvadore, Odl. 11, 1492.
It lies on a particular bank to the £ of
the Great Bahama Bank, from which it
is parted by a narrow channel, called
Exuma Sound. N lat. 24 30, W loik
74 30-
Calabaw Rhrr. See Wateree^
Catabatu Indians, a fmall tribe who have-
one town called Catabaw, fituatcd on the
river of that name, N lat. 34 49, on the>
boundary line between N. and S. Carohna,
and contains about 450 inhabitants, of
which about 150 are fighting men. They
are the only tribe which relides in the
flate : 144,00x5 acres of land were granted
them by the proprietary governmenf,
Thefe are the remains of a formidable na-
tion, the bravcft and moft generous enemy
the Cx nations bad ; but they have de-
generated
CAV *
l^ncrated (incc they have been ftrround-
cd by the whites.
Catitliatu Sjiriiigs, I^incohi co. N. Caroli-
■a. Here ii> a puft ofllce, 4^s miles from
Wafliington.
Catarafua, or Cateraqiii, appear in old
maps, thus varied, aa tlie name of Ldke
Ontario, and its outlet Iroquois R. but
thefc names are now oblblele.
Catatujfy, a port town in Northumber-
liind CO. Pennfytvania, on tlic S E bank of
the £ branch of Sufquchanna R. oppofite
the anouth pf Fifliing Creek, and about
40 miles N £ of Sunbury. ''
Catbame, a fniall river in Lincoln co.
Maine, which riles in Toplham, sind enip-
ties into Mcrrry Meeting Bay, and has
fevcral mills upon it.
Caiberine IJle, St. is on the coafl of Bra-
inl, two leagues in breadth from E to W,
and more than ie> leagues long from N to
S. The narrowed part of the channel,
which feparates it from the malii, is not
more than aod toifes wide. On this point,
cxtendingintothe channel,is the city Nortra
Senora del Dertero, containing 400 houfes,
and .'^oco inhabitants. It is the rcfideucc
•f the Governor, and capit.-d of the 111-
and. The fettlements are near the fhore.
A great paijt of the iflaud is covered by
impervious forefts of lofty evergreens,
where fuakes of mortal poifon lurk. Veg-
etables, fruits and corn fpontaneoufly rife
from this fertile foil. Plants, orange trees,
and fhrubs of delightful fragrance cover
the plantations. Whales abound in the
fiitrounding waters. Lat. 27 10 S, Ion. .49
49 W. Alfp a pleafant ifland in the har-
bour of Sunbury, Georgia. Alfo, a fmall,
produdive ifland on the fouth coaft of St.
Domingo, ao leagues eartward of the town
of St. Domingo.
Catherines Town, in Tioga CO. N. York,
ai the S end of Seneca lake. Here is a
poll office, 390 miles from Wafliington.
tt has %i6 inhabitants.
Qatjhilt, a port town, Green co. N. York,
383 milesfrom Wafliington.
Catahuni, one of the Elizabeth ifles, in
the (late of Maflachufetts. See Jiuz-
%ar(ti Buy.
Catheraugus Creek, a confiderable flrcam
which riins into I^ake Erie. Six miles from
its mouth is a village of Seneca Indians.
Cauca, a river In the iflhmus of Darieu,
whofe fource is in common with that of
La Magdalena, in the lake Papos, near
the 8th deg. of S lat and which falls into
this laft river.
CavalUt 3 fea port town ia the prov-
CAY
ince of Venezuela or iflhmus of I)arieil,
25 miles N £ of St. Jago de Leon. It is
well fortified, and in a former war was
unfuccefsfully attacked by Commodore
ICnowles. Lat. 10 15, Ion. 68 1 1.
Cavuilloii, a town on the 8 fide of the
S peninfula of the ifland of St. Domingo,
about three leagues N E of Les Cayes, and
5 W by S of St. Louis. W lat. 1816.
Ca-vendijt, a port town in \\indfor co.
Vermont, W of Weathersfield.on Blackri v-
er,having 1016 inhabitants. Upon thisriv-
er, and within this townfliip, the chan-
nel has been wOrn down 100 feet, and
rocks of very large dimenlions have been
undermined and thrown down one upon
another. Holes are wrought in the rocks
of various dimenlions, and forms ; fome
cylindrical, from i to 8 feet in diameter,
and from i to 15 feet in depth ; others are
of a fpherical form, from 6 to ao feet di-
ameter, worn almofi perfedUy fmooth, in-
to the folid body of a rock.
Cavogliiro, a Day on the S fide of the if-
land of St. Domingo, at the mouth of the
river Romaine, a4 leagues £ of St. Domin-
go.
Caxamarqua, a jurifdi<£tion in Peru, S.
America, under the bifhop of Truxillo,
lying between the two Cordilleras of the
Andes ; it produces plenty of all kinds of
grain, fruits and vegetables ; alfo cattle,
and efpecially hogs. They have here a
confiderable trade with Chincay, liiiha,
Truxillo, &c. Here the Indians weave
cotton for fliips' fails, bed curtains, quilts,
hammocks, &c. There are fome filver
mines, but j)f little confequence. Th^
town of the fame name is fittlated N £
from the city ofTruxillo.
Caxamarquila, a fmall jurifdidUon like-
wife in Peru, under the bifhop of Trux-
illo.
Cayabaga, or Cayuga, fometimes called
the Great river,in Ohio State, Trumbull cb.
empties in at the S bank of Lake Erie, 40
miles eaftward of the mouth of Huron ;
having an Indian town of the lamp name
on its banks. It is navigable for boats ;
I and its mouth is wide, and deep enough to
receive large floops from the lake. Ne?.r
this are the celebrated rocks which projeift
over the lake. They are feveral miles in
length, and rife 40 or 50 feet perpendicu-
lar out of the water. Some parts of them
confirt of feveral ftrata of different col-
ours, lying in a horizontal dirc<Sl:ion ; and
fo exaiSlly parallel, that they refemblc the
work of art. The view from the land is
grand, but the water prcfcnts the mort
magnificen
CAY
CAY
Mngniiicent profpcA of this fublime work
of nature; k. is attended, however, with
great danger; for if the lead (torm arifet,
the force of the furf is fuch that no ver
fcl can efcapc being dadied to pieces
n'^.-itnft the rocks. Cul. BroadOiead fuf-
fcred ihipwreck herein the late war, and
lod a number of his men, when a ftrong
wind arofe, fo tbnt the lad canoe narrow-
ly efcaped. The heathen Indians, when
rncy pals this impending danger, offer a
facrifice of tobacco to the water. Part of
the boundary line between the U. S A.and
the Indians, begins at the mouth of Caya-
hoga, and runs up the fame to the portage
between that and the Tufcarawa branch
of the Mu&ingum. The Cayuga nation,
conriding of 500 Indians, 40 of whom rc-
fide in the United States, the red in Can-
ada, receive of the ftate of N. York an
annuity of i.-^oo dollars, befide 50 dollars
granted to one of thpir chiefs, as a con-
fideration for lands fold by them to the
ftate, and 500 dols. from the United States,
agreeably to the treaty of 1794. Sec Six
Nationi.
Cayenne, a province in S. America, be-
longing to the French, and the only part
of the continent which they poffefs ;
bounded N and £ by the Atlantic ocean ;
S by Amazonia ; and W by Gu'aaa, or
Sunnam. It extends 440 miles alorg the
coaft of Guiana, and nearly 300 miles
within land ; lying between the equator
and the ith degree of N lat. The coaft
is low and marfhy, and fubjetSb to inunda-
tions, from the multitude of rivers which
rufli down the mountains with great im-
petuoilty. The foil is in many places fer-
tile, producing fugar, tobacco, Indian corn,
fruits, &c. The French have taken pof-
fellion of an ifland upon the coafl called
alfo Cayenne, which, as likewife the whole
country, takes its name from the river
that is northward of it.
Cayenne R nfes in the mountains near
the lake of Paime, runs through the coun-
try of the Galibis, a nation of Charibbee
Indians, and is 100 leagues long; the ifl-
and which it environs, is 18 leagues in
drcuit, is good and fertile, but unhealthy.
In 1 75 2, the exports of the colony were
260,541 Ibb. of arnotto, 80,363 lbs. fugar,
17,919 lbs. cotton; 26,881 lbs. cofree,9i,9i6
lbs. cocoa, befide timber and planks. The
French firft fettled here in 1625, and built
the fort of Ceperuu, but were often forc-
ed to quit it, yet returned thither again,
as in 1640, 1652, and 1654, and were forc-
ed to leave it for want of reinfozcements.
Vot. L L
fhe Dutch fettled here in i6j6, but wer«
driven out by M. de la Barre. TheDutch
had their revenge in 1676, and drove out
the French ; but were themfelves beat
out, the year after, by D'Eftrees.
Cayei, Let, a feaport town on the S fide
of the S peninfula of the ill of St.Dumingo,
13 leagues W by S of St. Louis. Nlat. 18 12.
Caytoma, a jurifdidlion under the biinop
Of Arcquipa, 32 leagues E of that city, in
S.America, in Peru, famous for the filver
mines in the mountains of the fame name ;
which are very rich, though they have
been worked for a long time. The coun-
try round it is cold and barren. There is
an office here for receiving the king's
fifths, and vending quickfilvcr.
Caymans, 3 Imall iflands, $5 leagues N
N W of t'.ie ifland of Jamaica, W. L the
moft foutherly of which Is called the Great
Caymans, which is inhabited by 160 peo>
pie, who are defcendants of the old buc-
caniers- It has no harbour for fliips of
burden, only a tolerable anchoring place
on the S W. The climate and foil are
fingularly falubrious, and the people are
vigorous and commonly live to a great
age. They raife all kinds of produce for
their own ufe and to fpare. Their chief
employment is to pilot veffels to the adja-
cent illands, and to fifh for turtle ; vnth
which laft they fupply Port Royal and
other places in great quantities. Great
Caymans lies in N lat. 15 48, W Ion. 80 50.
Caymite, Grande, an ifland on the N fide
of the S peninfula of the ifland of St. Do-
mingo, 2 leagues long and i broad.
Cayuga, a co of N. York, containing
21,636 inhabitants. It is watered by Ca-
yuga Lake, and the brandies of Ofwego
R. The lands are fertile. I'he principal
town of the fame name, has a poft office
439 miles from Wafhington.
Cayuga^ a beautiful lake in Cayufa co.
N. York, from iS to 40 m:ie8 long, ; bout
a miles v ide,in fome places 3, and abc unds
with falmon, bafs, catfifli, et Is, &c. It lies
between Seneca and Owafco lake, and at
the N end empties into Scayace R whicb
is the 8 eafiern part of Seneca R. w hofe
waters run to lake Ontario. A bridge is
ere<Sted over this lake on the turnpike
road from Albany to Niagara. It is laid on
zio treftles, each confifis of 3 ports, con-
nedted by 4 girts and 4 braces. The ports
are funk to hard gravel which is generally
about 30 feet from the furface of the wa-
ter. They are 25 feet apart. Its length
is one mile, the expenfe was 20,000 dollars.
The refervation lands of the Cayuga In-
\.
■■^f
uians
m
m
>.-.■
«)iau> lie on both fides of the lake, 4t its
nnrthern end.
C/tzi>rej, a toivn of Mexico. See Annreh,
Caz(H',via, .1 thriving port town in Che-
nan^io en. N. York, 40inile!t weflward of
Whiteltiiwii. It hatt .^080 inhabitants.
Ctdl, I tdwulliip in Wiilliiiigfun ca
I'cnnfyKania.
Cecil, a Co. of Maryland, on the eaftern
fhorc of the Chefapcak, containing 9018
iuhabitantt, 210.^ ofthefeare (laves
CeJjrL.iii' in U.Canada, through which
piifca the Salkatchawine, which runs into
VVinipeg lake. It is from 4 to it miles
wide, cxclii five of it4 bays. Its hanks are
coecrod with wood, which abound in
game ; its waters are Anred'with (idi.
Cfr/jr /*«(■/;/, a port of entry ia Charles
CO. Miryland, oh the £ fide of Patowmic
R. about II miles below Port Tol»acc<>,
aud 96 S by W of Baltimore. Its exports
are cliielly tobacco and Indian corn, and
in 1 794, amounted in value to 18,593 dol-
lars.
Ceiftr Pni'if, a c.^^iB on the W fide of
Delaware Bay in St. Mary's co. Maryland.
Cedar Lirt, a fait fpring in Teneflle, 19
miles from Nalhville.
Ce;itre,ii co. of Pennfylvaniatbrnindcd N
by Lycoming, and E by Northumberland,
containing 93,8x4 acres. Chief town,
Uellefont.
Ceiiiri-ville, the chief town of Queen
Anne's co. and on the £ fide of Chefapcak
bay in Maryland. It is a pod town, and
lies between the forks of Corfica creek,
which runs inta Chefter R. 18 miles S of
Cheftcr ; 34 S E by E of Baltimore, and
95 S \V by S of Pliiladelphia. N lat. 39 6.
Cmtrevillf, a port towo-of Fairfax co. Vir-
ginia. %6 miles from Wafhington.
Ceffares, a territory northward of Pata-
gonia in S. America, in the 48th degree of
S-kit. inhabited by a mixt tribe of that
name, defcended from the Spaniards x be-
ing the defcendants of 3 fliips that were
Wrecked on this coafl: in 1540.
Chab-tquiMck Ijle, belongs to Duke's ca
MafFacbufetts. It lies near to, and ex-
tends acrofs the £ end of Martha's Vine-
yard ifland.
Cbacnpoyas, a jurifdidtion under the bifli-
op of Truxillo, in Peru, S. America. The
Indians make a great variety of cottons
and tapedry here, which for the livelinefs
of the colours and neatnefs of the work
deferve attention. They alfb make cotton
I'ail cloth It lies within the Cordilleras.
Cbaiiiitvs, or flat heads, are a ])nwerful,
hiirdy, I'uUtUe aad intrepid race of Indians,
C H A
who inhabit a very fine and ettenfiTW
trailb of hilly country, with large and fer^*
tile plains intervening between the Ala-
bama and Millifippi rivers, and in the
weftern part of the lUte of Georgia* Thi«
nation had, not many years ago, 43 toivn»
and vilLtges,in 3 divilions.containing 6000
fouls, 'i'hcy are called by the trader*
riathcads, all the males taving the fore
and hind part of th«ir Ikulls artiHciallj
flattened when young. Thcfe mcn.unlike
the Miifeogulgt's, are flovenly and negli-
gent in every part of th«ir drefi, but
otherwif« ore f:tid to be ingenious, fenfij-
ble, and virtuous men, bold and intrepid,
yet quiet and peaceable. Some lute trav-
ellers, however, liave obferved that their
pav little attention to the mod neceflar'y
I uies of moral condud, at lead that un-
lutural crimes were too frequent among
them. Dififercnt from mod of the Indian
nations bordering on the U. States, they
have large plantations or country farms,
wliere they employ much of their time in
agricultural improvements, after the man-
ner of the white people. Although their
territories are not -^th fo large as thufe of
the Mufcogulge confedt:r.icy, the number
of inhabitakMs is greater. 'I'lie ChaAaw*
and Creeks arc inveterate enemLes to eaclv
other. If any of their people are kitlud,
they feek fatisfatStiun by killing one of the
nation to which the murderer belonged,
unmindful of perfonal guilt- I'heir dead
are laid on fcaffolds, till the fledi feparates
from the bones which are waflied, put in
a coflin, and carried to the bone houfe.
When the houfe is full^ thera is a general
interment, a folemn proceffion, great la-
nrcntations, and a fedival, called the fead
of the dead. The white inhabitants hav«
fettled to the line of the Chaftaw nation.
Cbadbourne's R. Maine, called by fome
Great Works 1. about 30 miles from the
mouth of theBonnebcagPond, from which
it ifFues. It is faid to have t»ken its latter
name from a mill with 18 faws, mo\-ed by
one wheel, ere«Sled by one Lodors. But
the projetSk was foon laid afide. The form-
er name is derived from Mr. Chadbournc,
one of the fird fettlers, who purchafcd the
land on the mouth of it, of the natives, :ind.
whofe poderity pollefs-it at this day.
Chjfalaya,^ miles below the rivcrRougc,
is the wedernmod branch of the Milfifip-
pi, and after running many miles through
one of the mod fertile countries in the
world, falls into the Bay of St. Barnard, a
confidcrable didauce wedward of the
otbcr mouths of tb: Miillf:ppi. Hutehim-
CHA
CHA
tZagre, a nvcr and town in Terra Fir-
Via, S. America. The river opens to the
H. Sea, and wan formerly called I.agortas,
from the number of alligators in it ; has its
fourrc in the mountains near Cruces, and
its mouth is in N laL 9, where there is a
Arong fort, built on a ftccp rock, on the K
iide near the lea (hore. This fort has a
commandant, and lieutenant, and thegar-
rifon is draughted from I'anama, to which
you go by this river, landing at Cruces,
about 5 leagues from Panama, and thence
one travels by land to that city. Oppn-
fite to fort Chagrc is the royal cuduni
houfe. Here the river is broaded, being
120 toifcs over ; whereas, at Cruces.wherc
it begins to he navigable,it is only 20 toifcs
wide ; from the town of Ch.igrc, to the
mouth of the river, is 2 1 miles N W by W,
but mcifuring by water is 43 miles. 'I'hcre
is at Cruces an alcalde, who lives at the
cuftom houfe, and takes an accoiuit of all
goods on the river. Chagre fort was tak-
en by Adm. Vernon, in 1740.
Chain Late Sec Mexico.
Chaleur Bay, in L. Canada, projc<5):s W
and N W frera the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
It has the Britifli province of N. Brunf-
wick on the S and the diftridl and co.
•f Gafpee on the N. On its N fhorc are
the towndiips of Hopetown, Cox, Hamil-
ton, N. Richmond, Maria, and Carleton.
The river Rilligouche empties into the W
•nd of this fine bay.
Cbambcrjlnirg,a. poft town, in Pennfylv.i-
nia, and tlie cliicf of Franklin co. It is
fituatcd on the 9 ; C t-rn branch of Conogo-
chcague creek, a »/} ijr of Potowmac R. in
a rich and highly t. itivated country, and
healthy ikuation. Here arcabout20ohouf-
es, a Prefljy terian churches, a flone gaol, a
handlbme court houfe, built of brick, a
paper and merchant mill. A fupreme
court is held here once a year, and a court
•f comm(m pleas, and general tpi;j-ter fef-
fions of the peace the^firfti Monday in Feb.'
May, Sept. and Dec. It h 58 miles E by
S of Bedford, 11 NW of Shippeiifburg,
and i.s ^ W of Philadelphia. N lat. 39 ^i,
Wlon. 77 .^o.
CbambU R. or Sorell,tt water of the .St.
Lawrence, ifluing from lake Champlain,
300 yards wide when lowed. It is Ihoal
in dry fcafons ; but of fuificient breadth
for raftinfl lumber, &c. fpring and fall.
It was called both Sorell .nnd Richlieu
vlien the French held Canada
ClamileeForttU handfomc and well built,
on the margin of the river of the fame
fame, about X2 or 15 miles S W from
Montreal, al'.J N of St. John's fr.rt. ft
vas taken by the Americans Oc^. 3o,
1775, and retaken by the Uritilli, Jan. 18,
1776. Nlat. 4J4.5-
Chjmf/jin, a lake next in fize to lake
Ontario, and lies K N E frrm it, forming a
part of the dividing line between lli<^
ftatcs of N. York and Vermont. It took
it< name from a French governor, of this
name. It was before called Corlacr's laice.
Reckoning its length from Fairhavcnto.St.
John's, a courle nearly N, it is abo.it *oo
miles ; its breadth is from i to 18 miles,
the mean width is nbout 5 miles ; and it
occupies about 500,000 acres.. Its depth
is fuificient for the largcfl vellcls. 1 here
are in it above 60 iilandi of difierent fizes ;
the moil conliderable are N. and S. Hero«
and Motte ifland. It receives at Ticon-
deroga the waters of Lake George from
the S S W, which arc faid to be 100 feet
higher than the waters of this lake. Half
the rivers and dreams v hich rile in Ver-
mont fall into it. There are feveral which
come to It from N. York and fome from
Canada ; to which lad it fends its own
waters, a N courfc, through Sorell or
Chamblee R into the St. Law rence. This
lake is well dored with f.di ; particularly
falition, falmon trout, durgeon and pick*
ercl ; and the lands on its borders, and.«a
the hunks of its rivers are good. The w.i-
ters generally rife from about the 20th of
April to the 30th of June, from 4 toi 6
feet ; the greated variation is not more
than 8 feet. It is feldom entirely fliut up
with ice, until the middle of Jan. Be-
tween the 6th and ijth of April the ice
generally goes oft"; and it is not uncom-
mon for many fquare miles of it to dif-
appcar in one day.
C6am/>/ain,B. pod town in the mod north-
erly part of Clinton co. N. York, which
take, its name from the lake on which it
liss. It was granted to fome Canadian
and Nova Scotia refugees, who were cither
in the fervice of the U. .States, during the
war, or fled to them for pcote<Elion. The
indigence or ill habits «f. thefc people oc-
cafioned the breaking up of the lettlc-
mcnt ; and a better fet of inhabitants have
now taken their place. The lands are
fertile ; and tivo rivers run through it,
well- dored with iifli. It has 11 69 inhab-
itant}. Mufcie fliells and other marine
prodtttSlions are found from the furface to
40 feet deep in the ground. I'his lias led
fome to fuppofe that the waters of the
ocean once flowed here ; it is alfo evidci'.t-
that formerly the waters of the lake were
many
/
Pi
CHA
CHA
many feet higher tlian it has been fince
its difcovery in i/joS.
Chanctjord, a townfliip in York co.Penn-
fjlvania, on the W fide of Sufquehanna
R. ojipofite Coneftoga Creek.
CbamlterfviHe, a port town of Wafhing-
ton CO. Maine, 84J mile^ N £ from Watb>
ington.
Cbapallan, one of the largeft lakes in
Mexico, or New Spain.
ChaptI HiP, a poll town in Orange co.
N. Carolina, fituated on a branch of New-
hope creek, whicli empties into the N W
branch of Cape Fear R. This is the fpot
chofen for the feat of the Univerfity of N.
Carolina Few houfes are as yet eredted ;
but a part of the public buildings were in
fuch forwardnefs, that Audents were ad-
mitted, and education commenced in Jan.
X 796. The beautiful and elevated fcite of
thi« town comniands a pleafmg and ezten-
five view of the furrounding country ; i %
miles Sby E of Hilliborough, 47Z S W of
Philadelphia, and 319 from Waihington.
N lat. 35 40, W Ion. 79 6.
CbajJtiit, a pod town of St. Mary's co-
Maryland, 5 6 miles from Wafliington.
Charlimont, a townfhip in Hampfhire co.
Maflachufetts, 16 miles W. of Deeriield,
and 107 N W of Bodon, having 875 in-
habitants.
Cbarle/iurg, a poft town, Montgomery
CO. Maryland, ao miles from Wafhing-
ton.
Charles S. in Maflachufetts, called an-
ciently Qr///r9/>if7»<>,is a confiderable ftream,
the principal branch of which rifes from a
pond bordering on Hopkinton. It paiTes
through HoUiAon and Bellingham, and
divides Medway from Medfield, Wren-
tbami and Franklin, and thence into Oed-
bam, where, by a curious^bend, it forms a
peninAila of 90& acres of land. A Aream
caUed Mother Brook, runs out of this
river in this town, and falls into Neponfit
£ . forming a natural canal, uniting thiK
two rivers, and affording a number of ex-
cellent mill feats. From Dedham the
courfe of the river is northerly, dividing
Newton from Needham, WeAon, apd
Walthaim, pailing over romantic falls ; it
then bends to the N E and E through Wa-
tertown and Cambridge, and pafimg into
BoAon harbour, miiigl<es with the waters
of MyAic R. at the poiat of the peninfula
of CharleAown. It is navigable for boats
to Watertowu, 7 miles. The moA remark-
able bridges on this river are thofe which
conneiEl: BoAon with Charlcfk)wn and
Cambridge. Ste£^oA. TL^ie are 7 pa-
per mills on this river, befide other milfs.
Cbarlft Co. on the weAern (horc of Ma-
ryland, lies between Futowmack and I^-
tuxct rivers. Its chief town is Port To-
bacco, on the river of that name. Its ax-
trenie length is 28 miles, its breadth *4%
audit contains 19,171 inhabitants, includ-
'"S 9)5> ^ flaves. I'he country has few
hills, is generally low and fandy and pro^
duces tobacco, Indian corn, fweet pota-
toes, 8ic.
Chnrlct City Co. in Virginia, lies between
Chickahominy and James rivers. It has
liSii free inhabitants, and 3013 Haves. .A
poA town of the fame name in this co. is
167 miles from Wafliington.
Charletf a cape of Virginia, in about N
lat. 37 15. It is on the N fide of the mouth
of Chefapeak bay, having Cape Henry
oppofite to it.
Cbarlet, a cape on the S W part of the
Arait entering into Hudfon Bay. N lat.
6a 40, W Ion. 75 15.
Cbar/e/lowit,a. pod town in Cecil co. Ma-
ryland, near the head of Chefapeak bay ;
6 miles £ N £ from the mouth of Sufque-
hannah R. 10 W S W from Elkton, and
JO S W by W from Philadelphia. Here
are about ao houfes, chiefly inhabited by
fifhermen employed in the herring fifliery.
N lat. 39 34.
CbarJe/len,zdiAn€t in the Lower country
of S. Carolina, fubdivided into t4 paridies^
This large diAridl, of which the city of
CharleAon is the chief tovra, lies between
Santee and Combahee rivers. It pays
£11,473-14-6 Aer. taxes. It fends to the
Aate legiflature 48 reprefentatives and 13
fenators, and i member to Congrefs. It
contains 57,480 inhabitants, of whom
41,941 arellaves.
Cbarlefioriy the metropolis of S.Carolina,
is the moA confiderable town in the Aate ;
fituated in the diAridl of the fame name,
and on the tongue of land formed by the
confluent Areams of Afliley and Cooper,
which are Aiort rivers, but large and nav-
igable. Thefe waters unite immediately
below the city, and form a fpacious and
convenient harbour ; which communicates
with the ocean juA below Sullivan's I.
which it leaves on the N 7 miles S £ of
CharleAon. In thefe rivers the tide rifes,
in common, about 6^ feet ; but uniformly
10 or I a inches more during a m'ght tide.
The fadl is certain ; the caufe unknown.
The continual agitation which the tides
occafion in the waters which almoA fur-
round CharleAon ; the refreflingJea breez-
es which are regularly felt, and the fmoke
arifing
CH A
CH A
•ridng from fo many chininirt, render tTi'is
city more heallhy than any part of tlic
Jow country in the ioutlkcrn Rates. On
thi* account it is the refort of great nunw
bers of gentlemen, invalids from the W.
India iflands, and ot the rich planters from
the country, v« ho come here to fpend the
fickly months, as they arc called, in qucfl
of health and of the focial enjoyments
which the city afTords. And in no part
of America are the i'ocial blellings enjoyed
more rationally and Uberally than here.
Unaffedted holpitality, afTabihty, cafe of
manners and addrcfs, and a difpolition to
make their guefls welcome, eafy and pleaf-
cd with themfelvcs, arc chara«l>eriAics of
the refpedable people of Charledon. In
fpeaking of the capital, it ought to be ob>
ferved, for the honour of the people c'
Carolina in general, that when in com-
mon with the other colonies, in the con-
ted with Britain, they refolved againft the
ul'e of certain luxuries, and even necefla-
ries of life ; thofe articles, which improve
the mind, enlarge the underftanding, and
correct the tafte, were excepted ; the im-
portation of books was permitted as form-
erly. The land on-which the town is built,
is Hat and low, and the water brackifh
and unwholefome. The city is about ^
of a mile wide and a mile and ^ in length
I'he ground on which it Aands is level,
and but a few feet above the height of
fpring tides ; in 1699,1728 and 175a, the
tide raifed by a hurricane, covered the
town, the people retiring to the higher
Aories of their dwellings. The ftreets are
pretty regularly cut, and open beautiful
profpedb, and have fubterranean drains
to carry o^ filth and keep the city clean
and healthy ; but are two narrow for fo
large a place and fo warm a climate.
Their general breadth is from 35 to 66
feet. I'he houfes which have been lately
built, are brick, with tiled rpofs. The
buildings in general are elegant, and molt
of them are neat, airy and well furnifhed.
The city is divided into 13 wards, which
choofe 13 wardens, from whom the In-
tendant is chofen. The public buildings
are, an exchange, a Aate hpufe, an armou-
ry, a poor houfe, and an orphan's houfe.
From 1790 to 1796, 1 16 boys and 70 girls
were admitted into the orphan houfe.
Here are feveral refpedlable academies.
Part of the old barracks has been hand-
fomely fitted up, and converted into a
college, and there are a number of Au-
dents ; but it can only be called as yet a
/efpeiaablc academy. Here are three
banki, a branch of the national bank,
the S. Car< Una bank, cdahiitiied in 1 792.
and the fState Bank, incorporated Dec.
1801. The Aate owns ^'thsof the capital.
The houfes for public worfhip are i £pif-
copal churches, 1 for Independents, 1 for
Scotch Prclbyterians, i I'ur Baptil^s, i for
Oernian Lutherans, 2 for McthodlHs, i lor
French Proteftants, a meeting huuic tor
Quakers, a Roman Catholic chapel, and a
jewilh lynagugue. Little attention is paid
to the public markets ; a great proportion
of the mofl wealthy inhabitants haviii^
plantations from which they receive Tup-
plies of almofl every article of hving.
The country abounds with poultry and
wild ducks. Their beef, mutton and veal
are not generally of the bed kind ; and
few fid) are found in the market. In 1787,
it was computed that there were 1600
houfes in this city, and 15,000 inhabit-
ants, including .5^400 Haves ; and what
evinces the healthir.efs of the place, up-
wards of 200 of the white inhabitants
vere above 60 years of age. In 1791,
there were 16,359 inhabitants, of whom
76R4 were Haves. This city has often
fufifered much by fire, the lad and mod
dedrudlive happened as late as June, 1796.
Charledon was incorporated in 1783, and
divided into 3 wards, which chofe as ma-
ny wardens, from among whom the citi-
zens eledt an intendant of tl>" rity. The
intendant and wardens fori the city
council, who have power to make and en-
force bye laws for the regulation of tho
city. The value of exports from this port,
in the year ending Nov. 1787, .nmounted
to £505,279-19-5 der. The number of
veflels cleared from the cudom houfe the
lame year, was 947, mcafuring 62,1 18 tons;
735 of theie, meafuring -41.531 tons, were
American ; the others belonj^cd to G.Brit-
ain, Ireland, Spain, France, and the United
Netherlands. In the year 1 704., the value
of exports amounted to 3,846,392 dollars.
It is 60 miles S W by S of Georgetown ;
150 E by S of Auguda ; 406 S by W of
Richmond ; 538 S W by S of Wafhington
city ; 684 S W by S of Philadelphia ; and
1019 S W of Bodon. The light houfe lies
in N lat. 32 41 52. White Point at the S
end of the town, N lat. 32 44 30, W km.
80 C.9 45' KnoxviUe, the capital of Tcn-
efTee, is much nearer to this.than to any
feaport town on the Atlantic Ocean. A
waggon road of only 15 miles is wanted
to open the communication ; and th«
plan IS about to be executed by the date.
CbarJeJlowtt, a towndiip in Montgomery
CO.
I
CHA
CHA
i
m. N. Tork, on the S fide of Mohawk R.
^tbouc ^i miles W of ilchcncd\iidy. It hai
aooi inhaliitaiitt.
CLar/iJljtiii, a townfliip in Mifon eo.
Kentucky ; liiuatcd on tlic Ohio at the
mouth ot Lauren')) creek. It i» 6 milen N
r>{ VVal1iinj;tOD, and 60 N Kof Lexington.
H lat. .lR 4J.
Charleflmvn, a townfliip in Chcflcr co.
Pcnnlylvanin, on the W fide of Schuylkill,
7 inilfn above Norriftown.
Charltjlown, a port town in Chefliire co.
N. Hampfhire, en the E fide of Connetfli-
cut R. 30 miles S of Dartmouth College ;
upwards of 70 N of Northampton, 1 10 N
of Wof Bofton, 80 W by N of Poi tfmouth,
and 341 N N E of Philadelphia. It was
incorporated in I753,iind contains 90 or
loo noufes, a congregational church, a
'ourt houfe, an acadcmy.and 1364 inhab>
itants. The road from BoAon to Quebec
Jiafles through t his town. N lat. 43 1 6, W
on. 72 19. A Imall internal trade is car-
ried on here.
Charltjiown, the principal town in Mid*
(llefot CD. Maflachufetts, called Mijtawun
by the aboriginal inhabitants, lies N of BAf-
ton, with which it is conne<Sted by Charles
K. Bridge. The town, properly fo called, is
built on a peninfula, formed by Myftic R.
on the £, and a bay, fetting up from
Charles R. on the W. It is very advanta-
gcoufly iltuatcd for health, navigation,
trade, and manufaiS^ures of almod all the
various kinds. A dam acrois the mouth
uf the bay, which fets up from Ch.irles R.
would aflord a great number of mill feats
for manufadlurcs. Bunker's, Breed's, and
Cobble, (now Barrell's) hills, are celebrat-
ed in the hifloryof the American Revolu-
tion. The fecond hill has upon its fum-
mit a monument cre<Sled to the memory
of Major Gen. Warren, near the Iput
V here he fell, one of the firfl facriiices to
American liberty. The brow of the hill is
ornamented with a number of elegant
Iioufcs. All thcfe hills aflurd elegant and
delightful profpedls of Boflon, and its
cimrmingiy variegated harbour, of Cam-
bridge and its colleges, and of an extenfive
tradt of highly cultivated country. It
c.nntains within the neck or pariHi about
350 hcnifes, and about 3500 inhabitants.
Its public butldinj>s arc a handfome con-
^i'fgaiional cliurch, with a flceplc, and a
•lock prefented by the late Hon. Thomas
Ji:iJfcU ; a. nc.'.t Baptifl: church, plealiuitly
fituatcd on an eminence, erei^ed in 1800,
an alms houfe, a marint- hofpitai crcdtcd
fcy the government w the United States
in iRe.% on Myllic river, by Chelfirti
bridge, and a {>tHiitniiary h»uft, building by
the Aaic on Lynde'* point, in the W iidr
of the town. One of the Navy Yards of
the United States is elhihltflied in the .S £
part of this town, on which a number of
works arc already crci^ed, and prepat.n-
tions making for others. A bridge built
in 1803, over Mydic river, conncdls thii
town with Chelfea, from which is an ex-
cellent tiunpike road to Salem, completed
in OA. 1833. 'i he Middlcl'cx canal erodes
Charlcftown neck, and terminates in the
bay whichfcts up W of the town. I'hcfe
punlic works and improvements, enfure
the future growth of this plcafant town.
Several branches of manufadlures are here
can icd on to advantage, particularly the
ma.nufaifturc of pot and pearl aihes, fltip
building, rum, leather in all its branches,
particularly morocco, filver, tin, brafs, and
pc-wtcr. Here is a printing ofiice, and
three rope walks, and the increafe of
its houfes, population, trade, and naviga-
tion, have been very great within a few
veais paft. I'his town is a port of entry
in conjuntflion with Bu(k>n. At the head
of the neck there is a bridge over Myftic
river, which connects Charleftown wit^
Maiden.
Cbarltfown, a thriving town in Jeirerfoa.
CO. Virginia, lituated on the great road
leading from Philadelphia to Wincbcftet ^
8 mile!> S from Sbepherdftown, and 20 N
E from Winchefter. Here is a pod oiTice^
73 miles from Walhingtcn, a prefbytcrian
meeting houfe, and an academy lately in-
corporated.
Lharleficnvn, a towndiip in Wa/lungton
CO. Rhode Ifland, having the Atlantic
ocean on the fouthward, and fcparatcd
from Richmond on the northward by
Charles river, a water of Pawcatuck.
Some of its ponds empty into Pawcatuck
river, others into the iva. It is 19 mill's
N W of Newport, and contains 1454 in-
habitants, including 12 (laves. A fcw
ycars ago there were about 500 Indian*
in the ftatc ; the greater part of them rc-
fided in this townfliip. They arc peace-
able and well difixjled to government, and
fpeak the Engliili languiige.
Cbarltjlown, in Kanhawa co. Virginia,
confiding of a few Mattered houfes along
the bank of the river, near to the mouth
of the Elk. The plot of land on which it
Itands is delightful.
Chitrli^fu-wn, the chief town of Brooke
CO. Virginia, on the E fide of the Ohio, at
the mouth ftf Lulfnlot- creek. It is Z4
m!l»s
CH A
eiiA
Srookc
bio, at
is M
milw
■lilet from Wafliington in P<ninfylvii-
lii.i.
ClarhJItwii, the only town in the idand
wf Ncvii, one iif the Caribbcci, belonging
tu Great Britain. In it urc lar^c bourc»
jiiid «'ell t'urnillitd fliups.and it i^ defend*
cd by Charkf tort, lit tlic purifli of St.
John, on the 8 tide of the town, is a lar^je
Ipnt of fulphurcoui ground, »t the upper
i-nd of H deep chnl'm in the earth, cnni-
iminly CHllud Sulphur Gut, which i» To hot
as to be felt through the lolci of oncN
nif>c>. A finall hot river, called the Uath,
U thought to proceed from the laid girt ;
amd alter running half a mile, lul'cs itl'clf
in the fands of the fca. Black Rock pond,
alraut a quarter of a mile N from the
town, if milk warm, owing to the mixture
of hot and cold fpring», yet it yields ex-
cellent lidi ; particularly (ine ceU, lilver
fifli, and llimguts. A prodigious piece of
Nevis mountain falling down in an earth-
quake, fevcral yean ago, left a large va-
cuity, which i* flill to be feen. i he alti-
Uide of this mountain, taken by a quad-
rant from Charleftown bay, is faid to lie a
mile and a half perpendicular ; aud from
the faid hay to the top, four miles. The
declivity from this mountain to the town
h very Acep half way, but afterwards cafy
of afceat. N lat. 16 ss, W Ion 6a 4*.
Cb^rlijliiivii, or Ojliiiti, one of the four
principal towns in the illaiMl uf Dai-badoe«.
CbarUlon IpJnd, or Chjrles IJland, is lU-
Mated at the bottom of Jamet.'s bay, hi
New South Wales, on the coad of Lab-
rador, and yields a beautiful profpct^,
in fpring, tu chofc who arc near it, after
ii voyage of 3 or 4 months in the molt
uncomfortable fcai> on the globe, and
that by the vafV m-ountains of ice in Hud-
fi>n bay and (Iraits The whole idand,
fpread with trees and 1>ranchc3, exhibits,
as it were, a beautiful green tuft The
air, even at the bottom of rite bay, though
in 51 degrees, a latitude nearer the fun
than London, is exccinvely cold for nine
months, and very hot the other three,
except on the blowing of a N W wind.
The Toil on the E fide, as wrll as the W,
beartt all kinds of nrain ; and I'ome fruits,
poofcbcrries, ftrawberries, and dewber-
ries, grow about Rupert'b bay. N lat. jz
30. W l«>n. 8a.
Cb.ir!tton, a po(V town in Saratoga co.
N. York, N of SchencAady, and W of
Balltown.
Gharhton, a townfliip in Worccflcr co
Mairachufetts, W of Oxford. 60 miles S S
W of Bonou, ij S \V of Wojceftcr^and
fontalni aiio inhabitants. QnineAan;^
R. fornii iome of its rich intervale lands,
and furniOics excellent mill feats fur thi«,
and many adjacent towns.
Charlitiu foil, in S. Carolina^ is on llic
point of land where Tugekx) and Uroad
rivers, uniting their water*, form Savan-
nah R. According to Bertram, it is 1 milo
below Fort James, D.irtmouili. N lat. j.),
W Ion. 8a 35.
Cljurloiii Haven, Ires at the mouth of
Charlotte R. in K. Florida ; having Carlos
bay on the S, and Rock Point on the
northward. N lat. a;, W Ion. 8a 40.
Charlotte R. is fed by Spiritu Santo L:i-
goon, which communicates, by Delaware
R. with Chatham or Funjo bay, which it
90 miles S Efrom Charlotte Haven.
C.'jarltiilt, a pofl to^vn on the K tide of
I>:tkc Champlain, and the s wcftcrnmon
in Chittenden co. Vermont. Shclburnc
on the N fcparatcs this town from Bur-
lington. Inhabitants xaji. Split Rock,
ia Lake Champlain, lies otfthis town.
Charlotte, a fertile and populous co. in
Virginia, lies 8 W of Richmcmd, on t!u;
head waters of Staunton R. and contain*
5629 free inhabitants, and 6383 (laves.
The court lioufc isiimilcs SSWof Prince
Edward court houl'e, and 379, about thn
fame courfe, from Philadelphia. A polt
utRceis kept here, ajj miles from Wulli-
ington.
Ckirleitriiirr, a town in Brunfwick co.
N. Carnliir.i. It ftandj on an illand, and
has aninUtand lountl ui'ihc fame name,
it little S of it.
Ciarltitcniuriri, in Upper Canada, th«
townfliip of, is on the river 8t. Lawrence,-
and in the countj^ of Glcngary, being the
fccond townihip in alcending.
Charlotte, or CbarlutttfitiUe, a poft town
in Suliibnry diftritSIr, N. Carolina.and chief
town of Mecklenburg co. fltuatcd on StecK
creek, which joins the Sugaw, and fall*
intoCatabaw R. about 10 miles N of tho
S. Carolina boundary, and 44 S of Salif> ■
bury. Here arc about 40 houfcs, a court
honfe and gaol.
Cbarhttevitle 7otvi>J£if, in tf>c co. of
Norfolk, U. Canada, lies W of Wood-
houfe, and fronts Long Point bay. The
land is thinly timbered, and without un-
derwood, which greatly facilitates cul-
tivation ; it is welt calculated for roads,
and i» fudlcicntly open for carriages,
looking more like a royal foreft.than the
uncultivated lands of iiHlure. "The loyal
peafant, fighing after the government he
iofl by the late revolution, tpavcl.v fron^
Vcaofylvaola^
'i' n
%
n.
CHA
CMA
l^nnfyTvania, in fearch of Iiis former I.iw«
and protc<Slion ; a.id havinj; his expec-
lations fulfilled by new marks of favour
from the crown, in a grant of lands, he
turns his plough at once into thcfe fertile
plains, and an abundant crop reminds
him of his gratitude to his God and king"
Above Turkey Point on the heights, is
the townplot of Charlotteville, and at the
extremity of the point, is the fcite of the
projc(5led wharves and docks, with a
good channel leading to it. Smyth.
Charlotte haU, St Mary's co. Maryland.
A port office is kept here, Jj miles from
Wathingtan.
CharlQtufville, a pofl town, the capital
of Albemarle co. in Virginia, lies on the
poft road from Richmond to Danville, in
Kentucky, 86 miles W N W of the form-
er, and 5.5 7 eaftward of the latter, and 40
S E by E of Staunton. U contains about
45 houfes, a court houfe and a gaol, litu-
ated about half 3 mile N from a water of
Rivanna river.
Charlotte Town, the capital of the ifland
of St. John's, in the gulf of St. Lawrence.
Alfo, the name of a town on the S W fide
of the ifland of Dominica, in the W. In-
dies ; and fituated on the S fide of a deep
bay.
Charlotia, a town on the E fliore of St.
John's R. E. Florida, where th^t river is
about half a mile wide. It was founded
by Den Rolle, Efq. and is fituated on a
high bluff, 15 or so feet perpendicular
from the river; and is in length half a
mile, or more. The aborigines of Amer-
ica had a very great town in this place,
as appears from the great tumuli and con-
ical mounts of earth and fhells, and other
traces of a fettlement which yet remain.
The river, forncir la miles above Char-
lotia, is divided into many channels by a
number of iflands.
Chartier, a townfliip in Waflilngton co.
Pennfylvania.
Chartier s Creek. See Ccnonjhurg and
Mnrganaa.
Chartrei,z fort which was built by the
French, on the eaftern fide of the Miffi-
fippi, 3 miles northerly of La Praire du
Rocher, or the Rock Meadows, and n
miles northerly of St. Genevieve, on the
wcftern fide of that river. It was aban-
doned in 1774, being unten;ible by the
couftant walliings of the MilGfippiin high
floods. The village fouthward of the fort
was very inconfiderable in 1778. Amile
above this is a village fettled by 170 war-
xiors of Che Piorias and Mitchigamias
tribes of Illinois Indians, who are idle
and debauched.
Chat, IJle au, in the river St. Lawrence^
oppofite to the town of Ofnabruck, in U.
Canada, contains from 100 to 150 acres.
The foil is good.
CWi&dMt, a maritime pod town in Barn*
liable CO. MafTichufetts, fituated on the
exterior extremity of the elbow of Cape
Cod, bounded E by the ocean, S by Vine-
yard found, W by Harwich, and N by
Pleafant bay. Its fituation is convenient
for the fifhcry ; in which they have
ufually about 40 veflels employed. Its
harbour contains ao feet water at \ovr
tide. The place is remarkable for many
fhipwrecks on its fliores. It has 135 1 in-
habitants, lies 93 miles S £ of Boflon, and
20 from Barnliablc. Lat. 41 42 N, Ion.
69 50 from Greenwich.
Chatham, a townfhip in Grafton co. N.
Hampfhire. It was incorporated in 1 767,
and in 1790 contained 58 inhabitants.
Cbatbam,^ flourifliing townfliip in Mid-
dlefex co.Connedlicut.on the eaftern bank
of Connecticut R. and oppofite Middle-
ton city. On the banks of the Connec
ticut, half a mile above the city of Mid-
dleton, are inexhauftible quarries of that
fpccies of rtnne known by the name of
ConneiiUut Jloiie, excellent for founda-
tions of buildings, fire places, door (Icps,
and various other purpofcs. Here alfo
have been difcovered, coal mines which
promife to be valuable It was a part of
the townfliip of Middleton till 1767.
Chatham, a townfliip in Eflex co. N. Jer-
fey, is fituated ou Paliaic R 13 miles W
of Elizabethtown, and nearly the fame
from Newark.
Chatham, a townfliip in Columbia co.
N. York. By the flatr cenfus of 1796,
380 of its inhabitants were eledlors.
ChiJtham, a poft town, Cliefter co. Penn-
fylvania, 131 milts from Waflilngton.
Chiithaut Co. in Hilllborough diftricl, N.
CaroIin.i,'8tbout the center of the ftate.
It contains 11,645 inhabitants, of whom
2708 arc flaves. Chief town, Pittlburg.
The court houfe is a few miles W of Ral-
eigh, on a branch of Cape Fear river,
where is a poft office.
Chatham, a poft town of S. Carolina, in
Chefterfield diftrid, on the W fide of
Great Pedee R. Its fituation, in a highly
cultivated and rich country, and at the
head of a navigable river, bids fair to
render it a place of great importance.
Fn 1796, it had only about 30 houfes,
lately built.
Chatham^
CHA
CHB
I a CO.
[796,
:»enn-
river,
na, in
ide of
lighljr
tt the
lir to
'ance.
oufes.
Cialham Co. in the lower diftrift of
Oeotgia, lies in the N E corner of the
(Uce, having the Atlantic ocean E, and
Savannah river N£. It contains x 2*946
inhabitants, including 9049 Oaves It ii
about 35 milei long, and 24 broad. The
chief town is Savannah, the former capi-
tal of the (late.
Chatham, or Punjo bay, a large bay on
the W fide of the S end of the promon-
tory of E. Florida. It receives North and
Delaware rivers.
Chatham, a townfliip in Kent co. U.
Canada, lying on the Sinclair and Thames
oppoiQte Harwich, ft is x; miles up the
river Sinclair, fituated on a fork of it, ta
a very dcfirabic fpot, fo well protedted,
and fo central, that as the population in-
creafes, it will doubtlefs become a large
and flourifhing place. A block houfc
ivas eredled here by governor Simcoe.ard
it was made a depot for the fine whale
boats which were built by his dirct^ion.
Indeed it poflTefifes many advantages; the
point is well fuited for the launching of
Tefl*els, and the river is fufficiently deep
tor thofe of any fize ; fo that a fecure
arfenal and building place, and an excel-
lent dock might be made in the leiTer
branch of the forks, upon which there is
now a mill. Firs are cafily floated down
from the pinery above, and other kinds
of timber, neceflary for iliip building may
be procured by water carriage. Its great-
eft difadvantage is the bar acrofs its em-
iouchure into lake St. Clair ; but that is of
fufllcicnt depth for fniall craft rigged, and
for large veflels when lightened, and it
ivould anfwer as a good winter harbour
for any veflcl which navigates the lakes,
if (he made herfeif light enough to pafs
over the bar and go into the river ; and
this might cafily be effected for all veflels,
by having a flat bottomed lighter ftation-
cd at the mouth of the river for that frf-
pecial purpofe. Smyth.
Chatham Houft, in the territory of the
Hudfon bay company, N lat. 55 2g 49,
W Ion. from Greenwich 98.
Cbata Hatchi, or Hatcbi, is the Urged
river which falls into St. Rofe's bay in
\V. Florida. It is alfo called Pea R. and
runs from ME entering the bottom of the
bay through feveral mouths ; but fo fhoal
that only a iVnall boat or canoe can pafs
them. Mr.Hutchins afcended this river
about %s leagues, where there was a fmall
fetttemcnt of Couflac Indians. The foil
and timber on the banks of the river re-
femble very much thofe of Efc^mbla.
Vol. I. M
_ Chalqucli, or ClataBueie, a river in 0<frN
gia. The northern part of ApalachicoU
river bears this name. It is about 30 rodi
wide, very rapid, and full of flioals. The
lands on its banks are light and fandy,
and the clay of a bright red. The lower
creeks are fettled in fcattering clans an4
villages from the head to the inouth ol
this river. Their huts and cabins, front
the high colour of the clay, refcmble clufo
(crs of new burned brick (dins. The dif*
tance from this river to the Talapoofe R.
is about 70 miles, by the war path, whicU
crpflcs at the falls, jufl above the town of
the Tuckabatches.
Chataygbque Lake, in Geneflce co. N".
York, is about 18 miles long, and 3 broad*
Concwango R. which runs a SS E courfe,
cohnetSbs it with Alleghany R. This laks
is conveniently fituated for a communica-
tion between lake Erie and the Ohio;
there being water enough for boats front
fort Franklin on the Alleghany to the H
W corner of this lake ; from thence there
is a (tortage of 9 miles to Chataughqus
harbour on lake Erie, over ground capa*
ble of being made a good waggon road.
This communication was once ufed by thf
French.
Cbaud'iere, River, a fouthem branch ot
the St. Lawrence. It pfes in lake Me^
gantick, in the High Lands, on the divif*
ion line between Canada and the United
States. From the fame lake iflue the head
waters of Kennebeck river. The Chau-
diere falls into the St. Lawrence a fewr
miles above Quebec.
Cbaudiere, one of the finefl rivers in the
N W part of N. America, which after aa
eaflern courfe of 80 miles, falls into the
Lake of the Woods, in lat. 49 N. Itf
banks are a rich foil, covered with grove*
of oak, pine, maple, and cedar. lu wa«
ters are florcd with fi(h.
Cbaudiere Late, in U. Canada, is formed
by the widening of the Ottawa river,
aoove the mouth of the river Radcau, and
below lake Chat. Smyth.
Cbaudiere Fallt, on the Ottawa river, in
U. Canada, 36 feet high. They are a lit-
tle above the mouth of the river RadeaHi
and below lake Cbaudiere. Stnytb.
Cbayanta, a jurifdi^ion in Peru, S. A*
merica, under the archbifliop of Plata, 54
leagues from the city of La PUta. Thi*
country is famous for its gold and filvct
mines. The latter are (till worked to ad^
vantage.
Cheat R.nici in Randolph CQ. Virgioia*
aa4 after putAiinj; a N M W courfe, joint
Mononj^ahcl*
ftB
CHE
CflE
Monongahela R. 3 or 4 miles within tlic
Pennfylvania line. It is 200 yards wide
at its mouth, and 100 yards at the Dunk-
ftrds fettlcment, 50 miles higher, and is
aavigable for boats except in dry feafons.
There is a portage of 37 miles from this
It to the Potowmac at the mouth of Sav-
age river.
CbebuHo, a bay and harbour on the S S
£ coad of Nova Scotia, didinguifhed by
the lofs of a French fleet in a former war
between France and Great Brituin. Near
the head of this bay, on the W fide, ftands
the city of Halifax, the capital of the
province.
ChedabuHo, or Milford Haven, a Jarge
and deep bay on the eanernmofl: part of
Nova Scotia, at the mouth of the gut of
Canfo. Oppofite to its mouth (hinds iHe
Madame. Salmon R. falls into this bay
from the W, and is remarkable for one of
the greateft fiflieries in the world.
Cliegomegait, a point of land about 60
miles in length, on the S fide of lake Su-
perior. About 100 miles W of this cape,
■ confiderable river falls into the lake ;
upon its banks abundance of virgin cop-
per is found.
Cheioutimies, a nation or tribe of Indians,
who inhabit near the S bank of Saguenai
R. in U. Canada.
Chelmsford, a pod town in Middlefex
CO. MafiachMfctts, on the S fide of Merri-
mack R. a6 miles N wederly from Bodon,
and contains 1290 inhabitants. There is
an ingenioufly condrnAed bridge over
the river, at Pawtucket Falls, which con-
nedts this town with Dracut. The route
of the Middlefex canal, which connedb
the waters of Merrimack with thofe of
Bodon harbour, is through the E part of
Chelmsford.
• Cbelfeat called by the ancient natives
Winnlfimet, a town in Suffolk co. Mafl*a-
«hufetts, with its illands, containing 849
inhabitants. Before its incorporation, in
1 738, it was a ward of the tOTvn of Budon.
It w fituated N eadr-ly of the metropolis,
and feparatcd from by the ferry acrofs
the harbour, called tVinnifimet. The
Salem turnpike pafTcs through the center
of this town, which is liow conne(5ked with
Charledown by Chelfea Bridge.
Chtlfea, a townfliip in Orange co. Ver-
mont, having a court houfc, and feveral
ttandfome buildings, \^ miles N W of
Fairlee. It has 897 inhabitants.
Chelfea, the name of a parifli in the city
. of Norwich, Conn, called the Landing,
dtuatcd jK the bead of the river Thames,
14 miles N of New London, on a point of
land formed by the jundlion of Shetuckec
and Norwich, or Little Rivers, whole
united waters conditute the Thames. Ic
is a bufy, commercial, thriving, romantic,
and agreeable place, of about rjo houfcs
afcending one above another in tiers, on
artificial foundations, on the fouth point
of a high, rocky hill. Here is a pod oiEcc.
Chemung. The wedcrn branch of Suf*
quehanna R. is fometimes fo called. See
Tioga River.
Cicmu/ig, a pod town in Tioga co. N.
Tork. It has j 15 inhabitants. It is on
the N E fide of Tioa R. and has Newton
W, and Owego E, about 160 miles N W
from N. York city, meafuring in a draight
line. Between this place and Newton,
Gen. Sullivan, in his vidtorious expedition
againd tiie Indians, in 1779, had a defpe-
rate engagement with the Six Nations,
whom he defeated. The Indians were
drongly intrenched, and it required the
utmoft exertions of the American army,
with field pieces, to diflodge them ; al-
though the former, including 250 tories,
amounted only to 800 men, while the
Americans w«re 5000 in number, and
well appointed in every refpedt.
Cbenal Ecarte, JJle, near the entrance of
the river St. Clair, iu U. Canada, into lake
St. Clair, ead of Harfan's ifland ; it con-
tains about 300 acres of arable land ; the
other parts are meadow and marfli.
Chtnal Ecarte, JJle de, in th? river St.
Lawrence, in U. Canada, oppofite the
towndiip of Cornwall.contains from feven
to eight hundred acres, the foil is good.
Chenango, a county of N. York, having
Montgomery N E,Tioga W, Peunfylvania
S. containing 15,666 inhabitants.
Chenengo, is a northern branch of Suf-
quehanna R. Many of the military towii-
fltips are watered by the N W branch of
this river. The towns of Fayette, Jerico,
Grecn^, Clinton, and Chenengo, in Tioga
CO. lie between this river and the £ wa-
ters of Sufquehanna.
ChencngOfA pod town, and one of the chief
in Tioga co. N. York. The fettled part
of the town lies about 40 miles N E from
Tioga point, between Chenengo R. and
Sufquehanna ; has the town of Jerico on
the northward. It has 1149 inhabitants.
Chenefe. See Genefee.
Cbcpawat, or Chipe^vuys, an Indian na-
tion inhabiting the coad of lake Superior
and the illands in the lake. They could,
according to Mr. Hutchins, furnifli looo
warriors 30 years ago. Other tribes of
this
CHE
CHE
f the chief
ttled part
N E from
o R. and
Jerico on
habitants.
Indian na-
Superior
icy could,
Inifli tooo
tribes of
tht9
^his nation inhabit the country round Sa-
euiaam or Sagana bay and lake Huron,
hay Puan, and a part of lake Michigan.
They were lately hoftile to the United
States, but, by the treaty of Greenville,
Auguda, 1795, they yielded to them the
iiland de Bois Blanc. See Six Nation/.
Ctefawyaa Fort, is fituated on a penin-
fula at the S weAern end of Athapefcow
take, N lat. 58 45, W Ion. no i8 ; in the
territory of the Hudfon bay company.
Cbefelio, an ifland in the bay of Panama,
S. America, and in the province of Darien,
3 miles from the town of Panama, and
lupplies it with provifioos and fruits. N
lat. 8 46, £ Ion. 80 i j.
Cbcpatvyantfi numerous tribe of Amer-
ican Indians, who live between lat. 60 and
65 N, and Ion. 100 and no W. Their
language is copious ; dialedts of it are
fpoken by various other tribes. The
amufcments of thefe people are few, their
mufic is harfli, their dances awkward ;
they feldom pradlifc either. Their coun-
try is co)d and barren, producing little
wood, and few vegetables befide mofs,
which in times of fcarcity furniflics their
food. Boiled in water, it diffolves into a
(clammy, nourifliing fubftance. The £<h
in their waters, and deer on their moun-
tains, are their principal fupport. To
gain a fcanty fubfidence is a ferious buil-
^lefs ; in a mournful temper they are con-
llantly faying, " it is hard," in a whining
voice. Like all favages ignorant of reve-
lation, they are extremely fu perditions.
They mourii long for their deceafed
friends, never ufe their property, and
fometimes facrifice their own as a token
of regret and forrow. They are focial
and frank, feldom roufed to great activity.
They are fober, timorous, and fclfim.
They have a tradition that their fathers
came from a very wicked country ; that
in traverfing a great lake, narrow, (hallow,
and full of iHunds, they fuflered great
mifcry by the ice, fnow, and perpetual
winter. Their notions of religion are
worthy notice. They believe the globe
was once an entire ocean, no creature
living then, except one great bird, whole
eyes were fire, whofc glances were light-
ning, the clapping of whofe wings were
thunder. This bird defcended to the
ocean, the earth rofe to. the furface. He
called alt the animals into exigence. He
then made the Chcpawyan.s from a dog,
formed an arrow, which he gave them to
freferve, but they carried it away, which
fp provoked the Omnipotent thi( be ha^
t-f arMt-t^mrn^-s '■'
not appeared fince. Thev have a flrong.
impreltion of the longevity of mankind
in the early ages of the world. They fay
that in ancient times their anceftors lived^
till their feet were worn out by walking,
and their throats with eating. They al-
fo, like other nations in every quarter of
the earth, give in their teftimony to fup>
port the Mofaic hiflory. They defcribe
a deluge, which covered the whole earth,
except the higheft mountains, on which
they were prefervcd. They believe that
immediately after death they pafs into
another world, where they,inay?e«*ff/7no*,
embark on a Urge river, which bears them
into a great lake, in view of a delightful
ifland. Here they arc judged according
to the deeds done in the body, and re-
ceive a fentence of everlafting reward or
mifcry. If their good anions predomi-
nate, they arc landid on the ifland where
they riot in endlefs pleafures. If their
wicked a<^ons weigh down the balancCj^
their canoe links, they are buried to their
chins in water, where they for ever re-
main, gazing with eovy and anguifh at
the happy ifland, for ever (Iruggljng, but
never able to reach the blifsful^f re.
Mc Kenzie.
Cbcptor, a fmall ^panifli town on the
ifthmus of Darien ai d Terra Firma, in S.
America, feated on a river of the fame
name, 6 leagues from the fca. Lat. in
42, Ion. 77 JO.
Cbeputnatekoot, the name of a portion cif
the river in fome maps called Schoodook,^
and in others PaflTamaquoddy, or other-
wife the exifting boundary between the
United States and New Brunfwick.
Chequetan, or Segualaneio^oatlie COafl o(.
Mexico, or Ndw Spain, lies 7 miles weft-
ward of the rock? ofSeguataneio, Between
this and Acapuico, to the eaftward, is a
beach of fand of 18 leagues extent, againft
""'hich the fea breaks fo violently, that it
is impoilible for boats to land on any part
of it ; but there is a good anchorage for
(hipping at a mile or two from the (hcre,^
during the fair fealbn. The harbour of
Chequetan is very hard to be traced, and
of great importance to fuch veflcls as
cruife in thefe (eas, being the moft fecure
harbour to be met with in a vafl: extent
of coaft, yielding plenty of wood and wa-
ter ; and the ground near it is able to be
defended by a few men. When Lord
Anfon touched here, the place was unin-.
habited.
Cbera, a river near Colan, in the prov-
ioce of Quito, ia Peru, ruoning to Amo*
tage^
I Mi
m
S^i:
I'll
i
iiii;
ili
CHfi
t»gt ; from wbenp? |>alta has hi frefli
water.
Cberawf, formerly a 4iAri^ in the upper
country of S. Carolina, now divided into
Chefterfield,Marlborough,ai^dDarliDgton
di(lri«Ste. 1 his part of Carolina is watered
by Great PcdeeR. and a number of fmaller
ftreams.on the banks of which the land is
thickly fettled and well cultivated. The
chief towns are Greenville and Chatham.
The court houfe in Cheraws di(lri<Sl is ja
mile* from Can^den, as far from Lumber-
ton, and 90 from QeorgctQwn. 1 he ipail
jlnps at this place.
Cberiffie, an inconfiderabte village on
Terra Ftrmai from which the market of
Panama is furnished ^ith proviiions
weekly.
Cbirqiit, the ancient name of Teneflee
"b^ The name of TenefTee was formerly
cpn^ned to the fo^tbern branch which
empties xj miles above the mouth of
Clinch R. ai\d 18 below Kop3(viIle.
Cberokeesy a celebrated Indian nation,
now on the decline. They re0de in the
northern parts of Georgia, and the fuuth-
crq parts of the (\ate of Teneflee ; hav-
ing the Apalachian or Cherokee moun-
tains pn the E, which feparate th^m from
ii. and S. Carolina, and TenelTcc R. on
th^ N an^ W, and the C^eek Indians pn
thf S. The country pf the Cherokees,
extending weAward to the Miflifippi and
nprthward tP the Six Nations, was fur-
rendered, by treaty ^t Ayeltminftcr, 1729,
to the crown of Gre^t Britain. The pref-
ect line betwoen them and the (late of
Teneflec is not yet fettled- A hoc pf ex-,
periment was drawn in 1792, from Clinch
]^. acrofs Holilon to ChUhpwee moun-
tain ; but tKe Cherokee commiflloners
sipt appearing, it is calle^ a line of exper-
ijfnenc. The complexiop of the Cherokees
is brighter fhan that of ^h^ npghbouripg
Indians. They are rpb^S and well made,
abd taller than many pf their neigbbnurs ^
bfeing generally 6 'feet higl^ a few are
ihore, and fome leC;. Their woirien are
tall, /lender, and delicate. The talents
and morals of the Cherokees are held in
great efteem. They were formerly a pow-
erful nation } but by continual war^, in
>vhich it has beert their dcdiny to be en-
gaged, with the northern Indian tribes,
and with the whites, they are now reduc-
ed to about 1500 warriors; and they are
becoming weak and pufillanimuus. They
have 43 towns now inh^thited, and are
making coniidcrable advances towards
civili)(atipn. Their fields are lEncIofed
CHE
with fences, and they have plenty pf peo*
vifipiu. They fpin and weave, and have
knives, forks, plates, tea cups, and other
furniture in a comfortable ftyle. They
taife large droves pf cattle for market.
Cherry t^allfy, a poft town in Ptfcgo co.
N. York, at the bead of the creek of the
fame i^ame, about la miles N Epf Coop-
erftcwn, an^ 18 fputherly pf ConajoharyD
61 yf of Albany, and 33^ from Philadel-
phia.' It contains a Prelbyterian church,
and an academy, which generally has 60
pr 70 fchplars. It is a fpacipus ouilding,
60 feet by 40. The town(hip is very
large, and lies along the £ fide pf Otfego
lake, and its outlet to Adiquataogie cretk.
It has IJ52 inhabitants. This fettlement
fufTered feverely from the Indiaps in the
revolutionary war.
Gbcfapeah, is one of the largeft and fafeft
bays in the United States. Its entrance
ijs ncirly E N £ and S S W, between Cape
Charles, lat. 3714, and Cape Henry, lat.
37 in Virginia, \% miles wide, and it ex-
tends 170 miles to the northward, divid-
ing Virginia and Maryland. It is from 7
to 18 miles broad, and generally as much
as 9 fathoms deep ; affording many com-
modious harbours, and a fafe and eafy
navigation. It has many fertile iflands,
and tbefe are generally along the £ Gde~
pf the bay, except a few folitarv onc^
near the weftern ihore. A number of
navigable rivers and other ftreams empty
into it, the chief of which are Sufquehan-
na, Patapfco, Patuxent, Potpwmac, Rap-
pahannock, and York, from the N, all
faige apd navigable. On the £ fide \%
receives Elk, SaCafras, Chefter, Saint Mir
chad's, Cboptanlc, Nanticokc, Wicomico^
l^anokip, and Pocomoke, befidc many
unaller Areams. Chefapeak bay affords
many excellent fiAieries of herring and
{had. There are alfo excellent crabs and
oyAer^ It is the refort of fwaos, but is
more particuilarly remarkable for a fpe-
cies of wild duck, called canvtifiack, whofe
fle(h is entirely free from any fifliy taAe,
and is admired by epicures, for its rich-
pels and delicacy In a commercial point
of view, this bay is of immenfe advantage
to the neighbouring Aates, particularly to
Virginia. Of that Aate it has been ob-
fervcq, with fome little exaggeration,
however, that " every planter has a river
at his 4oor."
Chefaunkook Lakt, the fource of the great
W branch of Penobfcot river.
Cbeefaiatud Lake, about aio miles N E
by £ of the Canadian houfe, on the £ end
©f
Che
CHfi
the great
•f Slave lake, in the Hudfon ba^r eempi*
ny's territory ; is about 35 miles in length
and the Tame in breadth. Its weftern
iborc is mountainous and rocky.
CLeJhire Co. in N. Hampfliire, lies in the
S W part of the ftate, on the E bank of
Conne<£licut river. It has the (late of
Maflachufetts on the S, Grafton eo. on the
N, and Hillsborough co. £. It has 35
townfhips, of which Charleftown and
Kecne are the chief, and 38,82^ inhab-
itants.
C6^i'r«, a town(hip inBerkfliire co.Maf>
fachufetts ; celebrated for its good cheefe.
The famous Mammoth cheefe, which was
prefented to the Prcfidcnt of the United
States, was made in this town ; 140 miles
M weflerly from Bofton. It has 13 2 j in-
habitants.
Clefiire, a townfliip in New Haven co.
Connedlicut, 15 milts N of New Haven
city, and a6 S W of Hartford. It con-
tains an Epifcopal church and academy,
and 3 congregational churches.
Chefnut Hill, a towofbip in Northampton
CO. Pennfylvania. It has 916 inhabitants.
Chifnut Ctreeh, a branch of the Great
ICanhawa, in Virginia, where it crofTes
the Carolina line. Here, it is laid, are
iron mines.
Cbefnut Ridge. Part of the Alleghany
mountains, in l^ennfylvania, is thus call-
ed, S eadward of Greenlborough.
Chefier, a townlhip in Lunenburg co.
Nova Scotia, on Mahone bay, fettled orig-
inally by a few faniilies from New Ens-
land. From hence to Wipdfor is a road,
the diftance of 25 miles,
CbHier, 9 townfliip in Hampfliire co.
Maflachufetts, adjoining Wellfield on the
£, and al>out ao miles N W of Springfield.
It contains 1542 inhabitants.
Chefier, a large, pleafant, and elevated
JownmipinRoekingham cp.NJiampfhire.
t is ai fniles in length ; and on the W
£de is a lake or pond, called MafabeCc
pond, 30 miles in circumference, which
fends its waters to Merrimack R. It was
incorporated in 1722, and contains 2046
inhabitants, who are chiefly farmers, it
is Gtuated on the £ fide of Merrimack R.
14 miles N W of Havprhill, as far W of
Bzeter, 30 W by S of Portfmouth, 6
northerly of Londonderry, and 306 from
Philadelphia. From the compadl part of
this town there is a gentle defccnt to the
jfea, which, in a clear day, may be feen.
It is a pod town, and contains above abo
toufes, and a Congregational and a Pref-
ytet tan qleeting houle. tUttlcfuakc hill,
in this torrnfliip, is a great curiofity ; it !•
half a mile in diameter, of a circular form,
and 400 feet high. On the S fide, 10
yard^ from its bafe, is the entrance of a
cave, called the Devil's Den, which is a
room 15 or 20 feet fquare, and 4 high,
floored and circled by a rcj^ular rock,
from the upper part of which are depend-
ent many excrefccnces, nearly in the torm
and fize of a pear, which, when approach-
ed by 3 torch, throw out a fparkling luf-
tre of almoft every hue It i& a cold,
dreary place, of which muny Irightful
(lories are told by thofc who delight in
the marvellous.
Chefier, a poft town in Windfor co. Ver-
mont, W of Springlield, and 11 milts W
by S of CharleRown, in N. Hampfliire,
and contains 1878 inhabitants.
Chefier, a borough and puft town ia
Pennfylvania, and the capital of Dela-
ware CO. pleafantly fituated on the Vf fide
Qf Delaware R. near Marcus t 00k, and
13 miles N £ of Wilmington. It contains
about 100 houfes, built on a regular plan,
a court houfe, a gaol, a church, a Quaker
meeting houfe, a market and brick ichool
houfe From Chefier to Philadelphia is
20 miles by water, and 15 N £ by laud ;
here the river is narrowed by iflands of
marfh, which are generally banked, and
turned into rich and immenfely valuable
meadows. The firA colonial alTcmbly
was convened here, the 4th of Dec. 1682.
I'he place atlbrds genteel inns and good
entertainment, and is the refort of much
company from the metropolis, during the
fumnier feafon. It was incorporated in
Dec. 1 79J, and \i governed by 2 burgcHes,
a conftable, a town clerk, and 3 a(fi(l-
ants ; whofe powet is limited to prcferve
the peace and order of the place. A(bef-
tos is found in the vicinity.
Chejter Co. in Pennfylvania, W of Dela>
ware co. and S W of Philadelphia ; about
45 miles in len|;th, and 3c in breadth. It
contains 39 townHiijis, of which W. Chef-
ter is the (hire town, and 32,093 inhab-
itants. Iron ore is found in the northern
parts, which employs 6 forges. Thefe
manufadure about 1000 tons of bar iron
annually. In the co. are )o6 mtrchant
and grifl mills, 115 faw mills, 18 fulling
mills, 4 flitting mills, 6 oil nulU. i fnuff
mill, 6 paper mills, 2 furnaces, 8 forges,
and 12 tilthammers. Chief town Weft
Chefter.
Chefer, a poll town of S. Carolina, 22
miles S of Pinckney court houfe, and j8
N W of Columbia. A pud office is kept
here.
f;
CHE ^
>.«re. The town is watered by Sandy IL
tt (lands on an eminence, on the great
xnad from Virginia to Georgia.
Cbefler R. A navigable water of the eaft*
em ihorc of Maryland, which rifes two
miles within the line of Delaware (tate,
1>j two fources, Cyprus and Andover
crcelvS, which unite at Bridgetown ; runs
nearly S weflward ; after pacing Cheder
it runs S nearly 3 miles, whep it receives
S £ creek, and 15 miles farther, in a S W
diredkion, it empties into Chef^peak bay,
at Love point. It forms an ifland at its
mouth, and by a channel on the £ fide of
Kent T. communicates with Eaftern bay.
It is propofed to cut a canal, about 1 1
miles long, from Andover creek, a mile
and an half from Bridgetown, to Salifbury,
' on Upper Duck creek, which faHs into
Delaware at Hook ifland.
Cbejfer, a poR town and capital of Kent
CO. Maryland, on the W fide of Chefter
Tiver, 14 miles from its confluence with
the Chefapeak. It contains about 140
iu>ufcsi a church, college, court houfe, and
jaol. The college has a fund of j^.txjo.
A county court is held here twice a year,
and an orplians court live times. It is 77
miles S W of Philadelphia.
Cbefler, a fmall town in Shannandoah
«<K Virginia, fituated on the point of land
formed by the jun«5lion of Alien's or North
R. and South R. which form the Shan-
nandoah ; 16 miles S by W of Winchefter.
K lat. 39 a, W Ion. 78 »a.
Cbefler, y di(lri<St of S. Carolina, on Wa-
terce R. It is 40 miles long, and 23 broad.
It is well watered by Fifliing, Rocky, and
Sandy rivers. The low grounds arc often
oversowed. It has 8185 inhabitants, of
vhom 1 164 are flaves.
Cbefler, a town in Cumberland co. Vir-
.^nia, fituated on the S W bank of James
It 15 mjjes N of filandford, and 6 S of
Richmond.
defter, a poll town xa miles fquare, in
Orange co. N. York, on the W of Scroon
jLake, about iS miles S W of Ticonderoga,
and has 500 inhabitants.
CbtJIer, a pod town of Kennebeck co.
l^aine, 693 miles N E of Wafliington.
Cbejlerfeld_ a townfhip in Hampfliire co.
Mafiachufetts, 14 miles W of Northamp-
ton. It contains 180 houfes, and 1333
inhabitants.
Chef trf eld, a port town in Chefhire co.
N. Hampfliire, on the E bank of Connec-
ticut R. having Wenmoreland N, and
Hinfdale S. It was incorporated in 1 75 a,
9Ad coptaias 21 6x inhabitants, It lies
CHE
about iS tailes S by W of CharlefUw*,
and about 90 or too W of Portfmoutfi.
About the year 1730, the jjarrifon of fort
Dummer was alarmed with frequent ex-
plofions, and with columns of fire and
fmoke emitted from Weft river mountain,
in this townfliip, and 4 miles diftant from
that fort. The like appearances have
been qbferved at various times fince ; par-
ticularly one in i7ja,>was the moft fevere
of any. There are tyro places, where the
rocks bear marks of having been heated
and calcined.
Chefleijield, a diftrift in S. Carolina, oq
the N. Carolina line. It is about 30 miles
;long, and 39 broad.
CbeJ}erJ!eld Co. in Virginia, is between
James and Appamatox rivers. It is about
30 miles long, and 35 broad ; and contains
6636 free inhabitants, and 7852 flaves.
Cbefierjield Inlet, on the W fide of Hud-
ion bay, in New South Wales, upwards
of 200 miles in length, and from 10 to 30
in breadth ; full of iflands.
Cbeferjield, a town in Efiex co. N. York,
N of Willlborough,on the W bank of L.
Champlain.
Cheferfeld, a poft town, of Caroline ca
Virginia, 1,0 z miles from Wafliington.
Cbejteritnvn, a pad town and the capi-
tal of Kent cp. Maryland, on the W fide
of Cheder R. 1 6 miles S W of Georgetown,
38 £ by S from Baltiniiore, and 81 S W of
Philadelphia. It contains about 140 houf-
es, a church, college, conprt houfe, and gao].
The college was incorporated in 1782, by
the name of WaJhingtoHf It is under th^
diredtion of 24 Trudees, who are empow-
ered to fupply vacancies and hold edates,
whofe yearly value fliall not exceed£.6oo9
currency. In 1787, it had a permanent fund
of £.1250 a year fettled upon it by law,
N lat. 39 la, W ion. 75 j 7.
Cbetlmacbas. The Chetimachas fork is
an outlet of Miififippi R. in Louifiana,
about 30 leagues above New Orleans, and
after running in a foutherly dire(flion
about 8 leagues from that river, divides
into two branches, one of which runs S
wederly, and the other S eaderly, to the
didance of 7 leagues, when they both
empty their waters into the Mexican gulf.
On the Chetimachas, 6 leagues from the
Midifippi, there is a fettlement of Indians
of the fame name ; and thus far it is uni-
formly 100 yards broad, and from a to 4
fathoms deep, when the water is lowed.
Some drifted logs have formed a flioal af
its mouth on the Miflifippi ; but as th^
^ater i^ deep under them, they could be
GHI
crnr
•itiiry removed ; and the Indians fay there
is nothing to impede navigation ftom their
village to the gulf. The banks are more
devated than thofe of the Miffifippi, and
in fome placer are fo high as never to be
overflowed. The natural productions
are the fame as on the MlfTidppi, but the
foil, from- the extraordinary fize and coiH-
paAnefs of the canes, is fuperior. If
meafures were adopted and purfued with
a view to improve this commnnication,-
there would foon be, on its hanks> the
mod profperousand important fettlements
in that colony.
Chetimacbas, Grand Late cf, in Louifiana,
near the mouth of the MilBfippi, is 24
miles long, and 9 broad. Lake de Portage,-
which is 13 miles long, and i^ broad,
communicates with this lake at the north-
em end, by a ftrait ^ of a mile wide. The
country bordering on thcfe lakes, is low
and flat, timbered with cyprefs, live and
other kinds of oak ; and on the eaflern
fide, the land between it and the Chafai-
aya R. is-divided by innumerable ftreams,
which occafion as many iflands. Some of
thefe dreams are navigable. A little dif-
tance from the S eadern (liore of the lake
Chetimachas, is an Ifland where perfons
pafling that way generally halt as a refl-
ing place. Nearly oppoflte this ifland,
there is an opening which leads to the fea.
h is about 150 yards wide, and has 16 er
17 fathom water.
Cbetienbam, a townfliip in Montgomery
CO. Pennfylvania, has 680 inhabitants.
Chiametlan, a maritime province of
Mexico, in N. America, with a town of
the fame name, faid to be 3 7 leagues either
way. from N to S, or from £ to W. It is
▼ery fertile, contains mines of iilver, and
produces a great deal of honey and wax.
The native Indians are well made and
warlike. The river St. Jago empties into
the fea here, N W from the point of St.
Bias. The chief town is St. Sebaftian.
Cbiapa, a river and inland province of
Mexico or New Spain, in the audience of
Mexico. This province is bounded by
Tabafco on the N, by Yucatan N E, by
Soconufco S E, and by Vera Paz on the
E. It is 85 leagues from E to W, and
about 30 where narrowed, but fome parts
are near 100 It abounds with great
woods of pine, cyprefs, cedar, oak, wal-
aut.wood vines, aromatic gums, balfams,
liquid amber, tacamahaca, copal, and oth-
ers, that yield pure and fovereign balfams;
»lfo with corn, cocoa, cotton and wild co-
chineal, pears, apples, quinces, &c. Here
th^y have achiotte, which th6 natirei mix*
with their chocolate to give it a bright
colour. Chiapa abounds with cattle of all
forts ; it is famous for a fine breed of horf-
es, fo valuable, that they fend their colt*
to Mexico, though 500 miles off. Beads
of prey are here in abundance, with fox-
es, rabbits, and wild hogs. In this prov-
ince there is variety of fnakes, particular-
ly in the hilly parts, fome of which are
faid to be 30 f cet long, others of a curi-
ous red cdour, and drcaked with white
and black, which the Indians tame, and
even put them about ttieir necks. Here
are two principal towns called Chiapa.
The' Chiapefe are of a fait complexion,
courteous, great maders of mufic, painting
and mechanics, and obedient to their fu-
periors. The-principal river isthatof Chi-
apa, which, running from the H; througii.
the country of the Quelenes, at lad falls
into the fea at Tabafco. It is well water-^
cd ; and by means of Chiapa R. they car-
ry on a pretty brlflc trade with the ncigh-
boui'ing provmces, wliich chiefly confids.
in cochineal and filk ; in which lad com-
modity the Indians employ their wives for
making handkerchiefs of all colours, whicit
arc bought up by the Spaniards and fent
to Europe. Though the Spaniatds reckon
this one of their poored provinces in A-
merlca, as having no mines or fand of
gold, nor any harbour on the S Sea, yet
in iizc it is inferior to none but Gautima-
la. Befide, it is a place of great import-
ance to the Spaniards, becaufe the dreugth.
of all their empire in America depends on.
it ; and into it is an eafy entrance by the.
river Tabafco, Puerto Real, and its vi-
cinity to Yucatan.
Chiapa, the name of two towns int he
above province ; the one is fometime»
called Cividad Real, or the Royal city, an'',
the other Chiapa de los Indos, inhaVli.ea by
Spaniards. Cividad Real is a b ' <^ op's fee,
and the feat of the judicial c> \^rts. It is
delightfully fituated on a plai . furrounded
with mountains, and ahnod equally diflant
from the North and South Seas, and 100
leagues N W from Guatimala. T!ie bifli-
op's revenue is 8000 ducats a year. The
place is neither populous nor rich ; and
the Spanifli gentry here are become a
proverb on account of their pride, igno-
rance, and poverty. It has feveral mon-
aderies ; and the cathedral is an elegant
drudture. This city is governed by mag-
idrates chofen amongd the burgefles of
the town, by a particular privilege granted
them by the king of Spain. NIat. 17, W
m
m
m
i
iiv
cm
W 9<! 40. The other town, called CHapa
de tot Iiidiu, that it, at belonging to the la-
dian*, is the largeft they have in this coun-
try, and lies in a valley near the river Ta>
bafco, which abounds with fifli, and is
about 1 2 leagues N W of Chiapa, or Civi-
dad ReaL The celebrated Bartholomew
de las Cafas, the friend of mankind, was
the firfl bi(hop of Chiapa ; and having
complained to the court of Madrid of the
cruelties of the Spaniards here, procured
the people great privileges, and etcmption
from (lavery. This is a very large and
rich place, with many cIoi(ters and church-
es in it, and no town has fo many Dont of
Indian blood at this Chiapa. On the river
they have feveral boats, in which they
often exhibit fea fights and fieget. In the
tavlrons are feveral farmi well flocked
^th cattle, and forae fugar plantationi.
IVheat is brought here from the Spanifli
Chiapa, and of it they make hard bifcuit,
which the poorer Spaniardt and Indians
carry about and exchange for cotton wool,
ttr fuch little things at they want. There
are about ao,ooo Indiant m this town.
Cbieapee, or Cbickabee, a fmall river in
MafTachufetts. The principal branches of
which rife in Rutland and Leicefler, unit-
ing in the E part of Brookfield, the ftream
funs into Quaboag pond, ifluing thence it
tmitet with Ware nver, and 6 miles after
empties into the ConneAicut at Springfield.
Chiecamoftga, a large creek which runt
N wefterlv into Teneiree river. Its
mouth is 6 milet above the Whirl, and
about 27 S Wfpom the mouth of the Hi-
wafTee. N lat 35 18. The Chircamogga
Indian towns lie on thit creek and on the
bank of the Tenefliee. See Cbkiamagts.
Chiehejhr, Upper and Lower, two town-
fliips in Delaware co. Pennfylvania, the
firft containing 385, the other 52a inhab-
itants.
Chicbefier, a fmall towndiip in Rocking-
ham CO. N. Hampfhire, about 35 miles N
W of Exeter, and 45 from Portfmouth.
It lies on Stmcook R was incorporated in
Z727, and contains 77.^ inhabitants.
Cb'tchabominy, a fmall navigable river in
yirginia. At its mouth in James river,
37 miles from Point Comfort, in Chefa-
peak bay, is a bar, on which is only 12
feet water at common flood tide. Veflels
paiGng that, may go 8 miles up the river ;
thofe of 10 feet draught 12 miles ; and
TefTels of 6 tons burden may go 32 milet
tip the riven
Cbiciamaeomleo Creek, in Dorchefler co.
Maryland, runs fouthetly between the
cfeii
towns of Middletown and Vienna, |ii4
empties into Filhing bay.
^ Ciitiamaga, a part of the Cherokee na^
tion of Indiant, known by thit name, in-
habit 5 villaget on TcnelTce river. Set
Cbiecamogva,
Cbtekafatu Stuff, is on the eaftem bank of
the MilOrippi, within the territory of
the United States, in N lat. is. The Span'<
iardt eredtedhere a Arong, ftockaded fort«
with cannon, and furnilhed it with troopi,
all in the fpace of 24 hourt, in the month
of June, 1 7 95 . It h:i8 fince been given up
according to the treaty of 1 796.
Cbiehafatu, a creck which fallt into the
Wabaib from the £, a little below PoA St.
Vincent.
Cbukafaw, a river Which empties into
the Miflirippi, on the £ fide, 104 milet I|
from the mouth of Margot, and 67 S W
of Mine au fer. The landt here are of aa
excellent quality, and covered with a va'
riety of ufeful timber, canes, &c. Thie
river may be afcended during high floods
upwards of 30 miles with boato of feveral
tpns burden.
Cbiciafawt, a famous nation of Indians,
who inhabit the country on the £ fide of
the Miflifippi, on the head branches of
the Tombigbee, Mobile and Yazoo rivers,
in the N W corner of the ftate of Georgia*
and N of the country of the Chodlaws.
Their country is an extenfive plain, toler-
ably well watered from fprings, and of a
pretty good foil. They have 7 towns, th4(
central one of which is in N lat, 34 23, W
Ion. 89 3a The number of fouls in this
nation has been formerly reckoned at
1725, of which SIS Were fighting men.
There are fome negroes among the Chicko
afaw8,,who either were taken captive in
war, or ran away from their mafters, and
fought fafety among the Indians. Their
origin as given to a late Millionary, Mr.
BuUen, is this : » We are only a family
from a great, rich nation, towards the fet-
ting fun, as far as Indians travel in two
moons ; our fathers dreamed that towards
the rifingfunwasthe land of life ; thefepeo-
ple know more than Indians,andareabove
want ; from tliem our poft-jrity will learn
good things. Our fathers then travelled^
came here ; this i» the land of life. Our
great Father's -uibitf children, know more
than Indians ; Chickafaws not hurt any of
them. Bye and bye we learn of them thinge
m;ike us glad." This agrees with the hif«
tory of their conduct; other accounts
fay they glory in having never iflicf! the
blood of aa JGngUihAaierican ; that they
have
CHI
CHI
)i&ve merited more from the United'Statei
khan all the other Indian tribes. Like
other ravages they believe in witchcraft ;
every man has as many wives as he pleaf-
es ; their connedtion is onlv during the
plealure of the parties ; the cnildren when
the parents feparate belong to the mother.
A Chickafaw beau is loaded with orna«
ments,and covered with various paintings,
with a lookioe glafs in his pocket, or fuf-
pended by his tide. They have lately
given a kind reception to a Chriftian
Mifllonary from N. York, and it may be
hoped that foon morals and the (late of
fociety will be improved among them.
They have fields well cultivated, plenty
of cows, horfes, hogs, and corn. Num-
bers of white people have fettled in their
neighbourhooa,over whom our agent with
the Indians suSts as magiflrate. In one of
their towns is a pofl office. In 1539, Fer-
dinand de Soto, with 900 men, belide fea-
men, failed from Cuba with a defign to
conquer Florida. He travelled northward
to the Chickafaw country, about lat. 35 or
36 ; and 3 years after died, and was buri-
ed on the bank of MifTilippi river.
Cbhomuzelo, a town in the province of
Chiapa, in New Spain, having a cave very
narrow at the entry, but fpacious within,
with a (lagnant lake, which is, however,
clear, and is a fathoms deep towards the
banks.
Cbihemeeomet IJlandy or ChfclminoclcumU
tack, on the coalt of N. Carolina, lies be-
tween Roanoke ifland and the northern
entrance into Pamlico found.
Cbihohoeii, an Indian nation who were
confederates of the Lenopi or Delawares,
and inhabited the weflern bank of Dela-
ware R. which was anciently called by
their name. Their fouthera boundary
was Duck creek, in Newcadle co
Cbiiago R. empties into the S W end of
lake Michigan, where a fort formerly (lood.
Here the Indians have ceded to the United
States, by the treaty of Greenville, a tradl
of land 6 miles fquare.
CbigneSlo Channel, the N weftern arm of
tlie bay of Fundy, into which Petitcodiac
R. falls. The fprlng tides rife here 60 feet.
CbilapaH, a town in N. Spain, in the
country of the Cohuixcas. Between this
and Tcoiltylan is an entire mountain of
loadflone.
Cbilca, a town in the jurifditSkion of Ca-
nette in Peru, S. America, celebrated for
its excellent faltpetre, of which gim pow*
der is made in the metropolis. It abounds
with plenty of fifh, fruits, pulfe, and poul-
Vot. I, K
try, In which it carries on a very confider-
able trade with Llm», 10 leagues diftant.
Slat, ta 31, W Ion. 765.
Cbile/hury, a nod town in Caroline co*
Virginia, 90 miles from Wnfliingtoii.
Cbiii, in S. America, is bounded by Peru,
on the N ; by Paraguay or La Plata, on
the E ; by Patagonia, on the S ; and by
the Pacific Ocean on the W. It is in
length about ia6o miles, in breadth 580 ;
between aj and 44 S lat. and between 65
and 85 W Ion. It lies on both lides of the
Andes. Chill proper, lies on the W ; and
Cuyo or Cutio, on the E. The principal
towns in the former, are St. Jago and Bal-
divia ; in the latter, St. John de Frontiera.
The climate of Chili, is one of the inoft
delightful in the world, being a medium
between the intenfe heats of the torrid,
and the piercing colds of the frigid zones.
Along the coaft tff the Pacific ocean,they en-
joy a fine temperate air, and a clear ferene
fky, mod part of the year ; but fometimcs
the winds that blow from the mountains,
in winter, are exceedingly fharp. There
are few places in this extenfive country,
where the foil is not exuberantly rich ;
and were its natural advantages fecondcd
by the indudry of the inhabitants, Chili
would be the mod opulent kingdom in
America. The horfes and mules of Chili,
are in great edeem, particularly the form-
er. Prodigious numbers of oxen, goats
and flieep, are fattened in the luxuriant
padiires ofChili,and indeed this is the only
part of huibandry to which the inhabitants
pay any confiderable attention. An ox
well fattened may be piirchafed, for four
dollars. Turkeys, geefe, and all kinds of
poultry, are found here in the fame pro-
fulion. The coads abound with many ex-
cellent fifli ; there are alfo vad numbers of
whales and fea wolves. The foil produces
Indian and European corn, hemp, grapes,
and all other fruits. The European Iruit
ttees are obliged to be propped to enable
them to fuftain the weight of tiie fruit.
Orange trees are in bloom and bear fruit
throughout the year. Olives alfo, and
almond trees, thrive exceedingly well; and
the inhabitants prtfs a kind of mufcadine
wine from the grapes, which far exceeds
any of the kind made in Spain. Mines
of gold, filvcr, copper, tin, quickfd ver, iron
and led, abound in this country. Vad
quantities of gold are waflied down from
the mountains by bi ooks and torrents; the
annual amount of which when manufac-
tured, is «dimated at no Icfs than 8co,ooo
dollars. Chili has always had commer-
cial
y
CHI
CHI
c!h1 conncdUont with the nctghbourmglii*
dians on its frontiers, with Peru and Para-
gun. The Indians, in their tranfadtions,
are found to be perfe<5lly honcfl. Chili
fitpplies Peru with hides, dried fruit, cop-
per, fait meat, horfes, hemp, and corn ;
and receives in exchange, tobacco, Aigar,
cocoa, earthen ware, fome manufatfturcs
made at Quito, and fome articles of luxury
brought from Europe. To Paraguay die
fends wine, brandy, oil, and chiefly gold ;
and receives in payment, mule«, wax, cot-
ton, the herb of Paraguay, negroes, &c.
The commerce between the two colonies
is not carried on by fca ; it hath been
found more expeditious, fafer, and even
lefs cxpendve, to go by land, though it is
354 leagues from St. Jago to Buenos Ay-
res, and more than 40 leagues of the Wiiy
arc amidfl the fnows and precipices of the
Cordilleras. The Indians in this country
are flill in a great meafurc unconquercd ;
they live fcattercd in the deferts and for-
efls, and it is impoHible to afcertain their
numbers. Thofc Indians, which are not
fubjet^ to the Spanlfh yoke, are very
honeft in their commercial tranfaiflions ;
but like almod all other Indians, they are
very fond of fpirituous liquors. They live
in fmall huts, which they build in the
courfc of a day or two at fartheft ; and
which they abandon when hard puflied
by an enemy. They are brave and war-
]tke,and all theattemptsof the-Spaniardsto
fubduc them have proved inefleiflual. It
is almod equally difficult to afcertain the
number of Spaniards in Chili. The Abbe
Raynal fays, there are 40,000 in the city
of St. Jago ; if this be true, the aggregate
number in all the provmces of Chili muft
be more confiderablc than has been gen-
erally fuppofed. St. Ja£0 is the capital t»f
this country, and the feat of government.
The commandant there is fubordinate to
the Viceroy of Peru, in all matters relating
to the government, to the finances, and to
war ; but he is independent of him as
chief adminiflrator of juflice,and preiident
of the royal audiance. Eleven inferior
officers, diftributed in the province, are
charged, under hi'ii orders, with the de-
tails of admihifh-atibn. This country was
fird difcovered by Don Diego d'Alm:igro,
in i5»5-
Cbilbowee Mountain, in the foutheaftern
part of the ftate of Teneflee, and between
it and the Cherokee country.
Ctm/yuaque, a townfhip'on Sufquehanna
K. in Pcnnlylvania.
CkiUaknthf, an Indian town on the Great
Miami, which was deftrnyed In 1 781 by >
body of militia from Kentucky. Gen.
Harmar fuppofes this to be the " Englilli
Tawixtwi," in Hutchins's map. Here are
the ruins of an old fort ; and on both fidei
of the river are extenfive meadows. I'his
name is applied to many different places,
in hone— of an influential chief, wlio for-
merly headed the Shawanoes. See Tuwixi-
tivi.
Cbillahibe, Oiif, is an Indian town dfr
(Iroycd by the forces of the U. 8. in 1780.
It lirs about 3 miles S of Little Mianri
R. The country in its vicinity is of a rich
foil, and is beautifully chequered with
meadows.
Cbilmartf a townfhip OB Martha't
Vineyard I. Duke's co. MafTachufetts,
containing 8co inhabitants. It lies 90
miles S by E of Boftoa Sec Martbat
Vineyard,.
Chilott a conliderable ifland of Chili, 3.
America, the S part of which is divided
from the continent by a narrow fea, and
the continent there forms a bay ; it is
iTtuatcd between 49 and 44,of S lat. being
about ijo miles in length and zi in
breadth. The illand prodiKcs all neccf-
fary proviiions, excepting wine, and quan-
tities of ambergris are found on the coafh
It has an iudiflTerent fort called Chacao.
Caftro, the chief town, Aands between
two brooks, with afmall cadle which com-
mands the harbour. It has no other de-
fence, and the houfes are few and fcat-
tercd.
Chllloat, ajurifdidlion in the biHiopricli:
of Truxillo, in S America.
Cbilques, a jurifdidlion of S. America, in
Peru, fubje<a to the bifhop of Cufco, 8
leagues S E from that city. Its commerce
condds in woollen manufadl:urcs, grain of
all kinds, cows, iheep, &c.
Chimlo, a juriididtion in the province
of Zinto, iu S. America, in the torrid
zone. The capital is alfo called by the
fame name.
Chimborazoy\at\\t: province of Quito, is
the higheft point of the Andes, and the
highed mountain as yet known in th«
world ; being, according to Condamine,
19,200 feet V according to others, ao,6o3
feet, above the level of the fea. It lies
nearly under the line, being in i 41 40,
S lat. yet its tops are covered with ics
and fnow, and by the winds which blow
Trom it, the country adjacent is oftca
pierced with intolerable cold.
Chinca, a large and pleafant valley in
ihe dioccfo* uf Lima, ia Peru. Pizarro
dcllre4
CHO
CHO
valley «a
Pizarro
4eftred the king of Spain that this might
be the limits of his government on the
S, and that the river St. Jago fliuuld hound
it on the N. The valley neart good wheat,
and SpaniHi vines thrive well in it.
CLiiuatotj, a lake in Peru, in the town
of Cuanuca.
Chipawai, Sec Chepatvat.
Cbippaiua, an inconliderahle place near
the falls of Niagara, lo miles from Quceuf-
town.
CLippatva Creei, a dream which empties
itfelf into Niagara R. i^ mile above the
falls, it is a fin« canal without falls 40
miles in length. It has its name from the
Indians, who once inhabited its banks.
Here is a garrifon, a few (lores, and fev-
cral houfes.
Chipffwa X, runs S weftward into Mifll-
fippi R. in that part where the confluent
waters form lake Pepin, in N lat. 44, W
Ion. 93 54.
Cbiragmv. See PUin riven
Clipl, a fort in the (lat« of Tenoflee,
34 mdes front Enelifh ferry, on New riv-
er; 43 from Abingdon^ and 107 from
Long idand, on HolTtun.
ChitttHdem Co. in Vermont, lies on lake
Champlain, between Franklin co. on the
N, and Addifon S ; La Moill« river pafles
through its N W corner, and Onion river
divides it nearly in the center. Its ehief
town is Burlington. It contains 13,778
inhabitants.
Chittendtn, a townfliip in Rutland co.
Vermont, contains 327 inliabitants. The
road over the mountain pafles through
this townfliip. It lies 7 miles £ from the
fort on Otter creek, in Pittsford, and about
60 N by £ from Bennington.
CbitttHeitgo or Canaferage, a confiderable
ftream wliich runs northerly into Lake
Oneida.
Chocolate Creei, a head water of Tioga R.
in N. York, whole mouth is 10 miles 8 W
of the Painted Polt
Cbocolococa, which the Spaniards call
Caftro Virreyna,a town of Peru,6o leagues
S eadward of Lima, is very famous for its
filver mines, which are at the top of a
great mountain, always covered \vith
fnow, and but a leagues from tlte town.
The ftones of the mine are of a dark blue
colour ; thefe being calcined and pow-
dered, then deeped in water and quickiil-
ver, the filth is feparated and the filvcr
melted and formed into bars, iphefe veins
^re not very rich, but the metal is very
$ne. They make plenty of wine here,
lKh(jre. it attains a greater degree of pcr-
feAion, owing to the purenefs of the air,
than it is obierve 1 to have ellewhere.
CLuept, a town in tlie jurifdietion of
Truxillo, in 8. America, in Peru; 14
leagues fouthward of St. Pedro. 1 ierc arc
about 90 or 100 houfes, and about 60 or
70 families, chiefly Spaniards, with Ibmc
of the other calls, but not above 3,{ In-
dian families. It has a church built uf
brick, both large and decent. 1 he peo-
ple here mention a rain that fell in 1726,
which laded 40 nights, beginning condant-
ly at 4 or 5 in the evening, suid coating at
the lame hour next morning, which laid
mod of the houfes in ruins. S lat. 7 46.
CLecoriia, a mountain in Grafton co. N.
Hamplliirc, on the N line of Straflbrd co.
N of Tamworth.
Cbocuito, or rather Chucuho, or Titi Cuea,
a large lako near Paria, in S. America,
and in Peru, into which a great number
of rivers empty themfelves. It is 340
miles in circumference, and in fome parts
80 fathoms deep ; yet the water cannot
be drank, it is fo very turbid. It abounds
in fifli, which they dry and fait, and ex-
change with the neighbouring province*
for brandy, wines, meal, or money. P is
faid the ancient Yncas, on the conqued of
Peru, by the Spaniards threw into thia
lake, all their riches of gold and diver. It
was this lake into which the Ynca Huana
Capae, threw the famous chain of gold,
the value of which was immenfe. It a-
bounds with flags and ruflies, of which
Capac Vupanclii, the fifth Ynca, built a
bridge, far tranfporting his army to the
other fide.
Cboi/eui Bay, on the N W coad of the
iflands of theArfacidcs,Wof PortPraflin,
The inhabitants on this bay, like thofe at.
Port Prallin, have a cudom of powdering
their hair with lime, which burns it and
gives it a red appearance.
Cliopj, The, in Kannebeck river, 3 miles,
above •Swan liland.
CboptanL, a large navigable river of the
eadern fliore of Maryland, emptying into
Chcl'apeak bay
Choivan Co. in Edsnton didri<ft, N. Car-
olina, on the N dde of Albemarle found. ^
It contains 3730 inhabitants, of whom
1 760 are flaves. Chiof town, Edenton.
Cheiuan R. in N. Carolina, falls into the-
N W corner of Albemarle found. It is j:
miles wide at the mouth, but narrows fad
as you afcend it. It is formed 5 miles from
the Virginia line, by the confluence of
Meherrin, Nottaway, and Black rivers,
which all rife in Virginia,
Chrljl,
CHR
CHU
i u
CfirlJI CfiurdtB parifli in Chnrledon dtf-
trict, S. Carolina, containing 40J4 inhab-
itant:4, of wliom 449 arc whites 3585
ilavei.
CI rifHiW, a CO. of Kentucky, containing
3,)i8 iniuibitantii. At the court huufe is
a pod oflicc, 816 miles from Wafliington.
Cbrijliana BrUgf, a poll ti)\v n in New»
canic CO. Delaware, i» lituated on a nav-
i;;ab!c creek of its name, 1 1 mile$ from
KIkton, 9 S W of Wilmington, and .17 S
W of Philadelphia. The to»vn, couiilUng
of about $0 houibs, and a Prelbvterian
church, Hands on a dcchvity which com-
mands a pleaCiiiit prol'petfk of the country
toward* the Delaware. It carriei* on a
Lriflt trade with Pliiladclphia in flour. It
is the greatefl carrying place between the
navigable waters of the Delaware and
Chel'apeak; which are 13 miles afunder
at this place. It was built by the Swedes,
in 1 640, and thus called after their queen.
CLrtfliatia Criik, on which the above
town is lituated, falls into Delaware R.
from the S W, a little below Wilmington.
It is propofed to cut a canal of about 9
miles in length, in a S weftern diretStion
from this creek, at the town of Chrilliana
(6 milc» W S W of New Caftle) to Elk R.
in Maryland, about a mile below Elkton.
See Deiavarf, and fVilniinglon.
CbnJliana,St. one of the Marquefas ides,
called by the natives Waitahi), lies under
the fame pari-allcl with St. Pedro, 3 or 4
leagues more tu the wcO. Rcfolution
bay, near the middle of the W fide of the
ifland, is in lat. 9 55 30 S, Ion. i^<) 8 40 W,
from Greenwich ; and the W end of Dom-
inica N IJ W. Capt. Cook gave this bay
the name of his fliip. It was called Port
Madre de Dies by the Spaniards. This
ifland produces cotton of a fiH)erior kind.
A fpccimen of it is depofited in the mufe-
um of the MalT. Hift. Society.
Chrijiianjhurgy the chief town of Mont-
gomery CO. Virginia. It contains very
few houfes ; has a court houfe and goal,
lituated near a branch of Little R. a water
of the Kanhaway. It is 478 miles from
Philadelphia. N lat. 375.
CbrijIianfieJ, the principal town in the
ifland of Santa Cruz, lituated on the N
fide of the ifland, on a fine harbour. It is
the refic'ience of the Danilli governor, and
is defended by a ftone fortrefs.
Cbrijhnnftiille, a port town of Mecklen-
burg CO. Virginia, 443 miles from Wafh-
ington.
ChriftKiu IJlatid, in the Pacific ocean, lies
entirely folitary, nearly equally diftant
from the .Sandwich ifland* on tht M, %a\
the Marqucfat on the S. It wai fo aaned
by Cupt. Cook, on account of his / ft
landing there, on Chriftniat day. Not »
drop of freth water was found by digging.
A dtip touching at this defolate ifle mult,
rxpctft nothing but turtle, fi(h,and a few
birds. It i« about 15 or ao league* in cir-
cumference, and Iwunded by a reef of
coral rocks, on the W fide of which there
i« a bank of fine fand, extending a mile
into the fea, and afKtrding good aachorage.
N lat. I .59, W Ion. IJ7 30.
Chrijlmai Sound, in Terra del Fuego, S.
America, S lat. 55 ai, W Ion. 69 57.
Cbrijlofihert, St. an illand in the W. Indict,
belonging to G. Britain, commonly called,
by the Tailors, St. Kitts ; by the ancient
Indianij Ay-ay ; and by the Charaibes,
Liamniga,or the fertile ifland, is fituated
in N lat. 1 7, W Ion. 6a ; and it ao miles
long and 7 broad, containing about 80
fquare miles. It was difcovered in No*
vember, 1493, by Colmbus himfelf« who
was fo pleafed with its appearance, that he
honoured it with his own chri(Han name;
but it was qeither planted nor poflelTcd
by the Spaniards. It is however the oldell
of all the Britifli territories in the W. In-
dies. In 1636, it was fettled by the French
and Englifli conjointly ; but entirely ceded
to the latter by the peace of Utrecht.
Great quantities of indigo were formerly
I r.-ufed here. In 1 7 70, the exports amount-
! cd to above j£.4T9,ooo fterting, in fugar,
nKjIafles, and rum ; and near ;^.8ooo iot
cotton. Befide cotton, ginger, and the
tropical fruits,!tprodiiced,m 1787,331,397
cwt. of fugar, and in 1790, but about
113,000 cwt. It is computed that this
ifland contains 6coo whites, and 36,000.
negroes. In February, 178a, it was taken
by the French, but reltored to Britain by
the treaty of 1783.
Cbiimbi Filcas, a jurifdiiflion fubjcdl to
the bifliop of Cufco, in Peru, about 40
leagues from that city ; it produces corn,
fruits, large pafiures for cattle, and mines
of gold and iilvcr.
Cburcb Creek Town, in Dorchcfter CO.
Maryland, lies at the head of Church
creek, a branch of Hudlbn R. 7 miles S
vefterly from Cambridge.
Cburcb Hill, a village, where is a pofl
oiTice, in Queen Anne's co. Maryland ; N
W of Bridgetown, and N E of CentrevilJe
8 miles, and 85 S W from Philadelpliia.
N lat. 40 9, W Ion. 75 ,';2'
Cburib Hill Fort, iu New N. Wales,
Hards at the mouth of Seii R< on the E
iide
ture cotti
thcmfeh
Cine.
ftate of
of the Of
jngR,
CIN
CL A
icfter CO.
Church
miles S
{UtofHucUun bay ; lao mile* N N E of
York Fort. N hit. 48 j8, W Ion. 94 ij.
CLuribill R. in New S. Wales, run* N
filfleriy into the W iidoof Hudl'oii buy, .-\t
Church Hill Fort, in lat. j8 J7 Ji N, Ion.
94H.IOW. See Nnv Britain, Slji:(bjry,\ift,
Cburcbtnwn, a village in the N E part of
I.ancafler co. Pennfylvania, about %'"> mile»
K N E of Lancafter, and 50 W N W of
Philadelphia. It hai 1% houfe*, and an
£pifcopal church ; and in the environs
are two forges, which manufatSlurc about
450 tons of bar iron annually.
Ciofiea, a JurifdiiSlion in Peru, fubjctfl
to the archbiOiop of Plata, and 90 leagues
didant from that city ; abounding in co-
coa, cattle, and fomc filver minct.
Ciiola, or Cive/a, the name of a town in,
and alio the ancient name of. New Gran-
ada, in I'erra Firma, S. America. The
country here, though not mountainous, is
very cool ; and the Indians are faid to be
(he whiteii, wittied, mod iincere and or-
derly of all the aboriginal Americans.
When the country was difcovered, thev
had each but one wife, and were excei-
ft^rely jealous. They worfliipped >vater,
and an old woman that was a maj>ician ;
^nd believed Ihe lay hid under one of
their lakes.
Cicero, in I^yfander townfltip, N. York,
on the 8 W fide of Oneida lake ; and be-
tween it, the SiUt lake, and the Salt fpriugs.
See Lyfandtr.
Cinaloa, called by fomc Cinoko, a prov-
ince in the audience of Galicia, in Old
Mexico or New Spain. It has the gulf of
California on the W.the province of Cu-
liacan on the S, and the kingdom of New
Mexico on the N and E. From S E to N
E it is about ico league? ; and not above
40 where broadeft. On the £ fide it is
bounded by the high, craggy mountains,
called Tepecfuan, 30 o^ 40 leagues from
the fea. It is well watered, its rivers
abound with fifh, and the air is ferene and
healthfuL Tt abounds with all forts of
fruit, and grain, and cotton. The natives
arc hardy and induflrious, and manufac-
ture cotton cloth, with which they clothe
themfelves.
Cine. nati. a fiourlfliing poll town in the
ft-ite of Ohio. It ft.inds on the N bank
ofthcOhio,oppofite the mouth of Lick-
ing R. %\ miles S W ot Fort Wafliington,
and about 8 miles weflerly of Columbia.
Both thefe towns lie between Great and
Little Miami rivers. Cincinnati cantains
about ^^00 houfes ; ami is 8imilt!» N by
% of Frankfort ; 90N \v 01 1.cxin^tcn.and
it
779 W by S of riiiladelphia. borne per-
luns a fliort time lince, in digging a well,
on the hill, in tiiit toun, at tlie Uuptli of
90 feet came to »jKmji ot a tree, the routs
ul which were iu ibuiul th.ii tliey had tu
be cut aw.iy with an uxe ; >t 94 icct they
came to another, which Uiil bure evident
marks of the axe, and on its ((>[> there n])-
pcared as if fume irun tool hail been cuii-
fumed by ruA. N lat. ,{9 22, Vf Ion. 8 j 44.
Cindimalui, is the U eaAerniiujIt of the
military lownlivips of N. York flate. le
lui Virgil W, and Salem C, aud lies on twu
branches of Tioughntoga K. a N welki 11
branch of the Chenango. The center ot"
the town lies jj miles S W by W of
CooperOown, and 398 E by S ot th^ ii ^
end of Salt Laltc. N lat. 42 jo.
Cirenctjhr, Sec Marcus Hook.
City J'eiHt,\n Prince (ieorge co. Virginia,
a polt oflicc is kept here, 169 milet. iroin
Walhington. See Bi^rmuJa Hundred.
CividtdJ Jieal,i\iii capital city iit Chiapa,
in New Spain. In 15 70, it contained abuut
100 Spaniih ioltabitauts. See Cbiafa.
Cividad Rtul, is the capital of the prov-
ince qfGuaira,iu the EdiviuonofParugu|y>
Cluiti, Late aux, now Lake Simcuc, is
fituatcd between York and Glouccfter bay
on Lake Huron, in U. Canada ; it has «
few finall illands, and fevcral good har-
bours ; a vefl'cl has been built for the pur-
pofe of facilitating the communication b^
that rout. Smyth.
Clair, St. a county in the Indi.aia terri-
tory, was laid oft' 17th April, 1790. Itf.
boundaries are thus oirtciiklly uefcribcd :
" Bcginniiig at the mouth of the Little
Miehillimackinack river ; running thence
foutherly in a dired line tu the moutii of
^hc Little rivei above fort Maflac, upon
the Ohio fiver ; thence with the Ohio t«
its junction with the Mifhfippi ; thence
up the Mifliiippi to the mouth of the
Illinos river ; and up the Illinois to the
place of beginning, with all the adjacent
illands of the faid rivers Illinois and MilU-
lilipi." It contains 1255 inhabilant*.
Cluir, St. a fort in tlie Indiana territory,
25 miles N 01 I'ort Hamilton, on a fmall
creek which falls into the Great Miami ;
21 mil?s S of fort JefFcrlbn.
Cluir, St Late, lies a'oout half way be-
tween lake Huron and lake trie, 90 miles
ill circumference. It receives the waters
of the three great lakes, .Superior, Michi-
gan, and Huron, and dilchargcs tiicin
through the river or ftrait, calii'd D'ii-
troit, or the .Strait, into hike luie. Its
channel, as alio tiiat of the lake, is fulii-
cicntly
CLA
CLA
m
I
ir!pntly deep for veflcis of very confidera-
)»\e burden. See D'Eiroit.
Clam foivn. See Ef^g harbour.
Clare, a townlhip on St. Mary's bav> «n
Annapolis co. Nova Scotia. It has a()out
JO families, and is cuinpoled of woodland
And fait marih.
CLiremont, a poft town in Chediire co.
N.Hampfliire, on the E fide of Connc«ili-
cut river, oppodtc Afcutncy mountain,
in Vermont, and or» the N lide of Sugar
R. 14 miles S of Dartmouth college, and
8» S W by W of Portfmouth. It was inr
corporated in 1764, and contains 1889 in-
habitants.
Claremont, Co. in Sumptcr diftri<ft, S.
Carolina. Statefburg is the county town.
Clarence Taiunfiip, in the county of Stor-
mont, U. Canada, is the 5th townfliip as
you afcend the Ottawa rivey.
Clarendon. See Cape Fear river.
Clarendon Co. in Sumpter diftri A, S. Car-
olina, about 30 miles long, and 30 broad.
Clarendon, a townfliip near the center of
Rutland co. Vermont, watered by Otter
Creek and its tributary ftreams ; 14 or
J'i miles £ of Fairhaven, and 44 N E of
Bennington. It contiiins 1789 inhabit-
ants. On the S £ Hde of a mountain in
the weflerly part of Clarendon, or in the
edge of Tinmouth, is a curious cave, the
mouth of which is not more than i{ feet
in diameter. In its defcent, the pafl'age
makes an angle with the horizon of .'J5
or 40 degrees ; but continues of nearly
the fame diameter through its whole
length, which is 31^ feet. At that dlf-
tancc from the mouth, it opens into a
fpacious room, 20 feet long, iz^ wide,
and 18 or 20 feet high. Every part of
the floor, fides and roof of this room ap-
pear to be a folid rock, but very rough and
uneven. The water is continually per-
colating through the top, and has formed
flala<S):ites of various forms ; many of
•which are conical, and fome huve the ap-
pearance of malTive columns. From this
room there is a communication by a nar-
row pafl'age to others equally curious.
Clarke, a new county of Kentucky, be-
tween the head waters of Kentucky and
Licking rivers. It contains 7523 inhabit-
ants, 1535 being flaves. Its chief town is
Winchefter.
Clarke Toivnjh'ip, in the CO. of Durham,
U. Canada, lies to the W of Hope, and
fronts lake Ontario.
Clarljhu)-r, a poft and chief town of
Ilarrifou co. Virginia. It contains about
40 bourcii, a qourt houfe, and guol ; and
\
ftand* on the E fide of Monongahela H
40 miles S W of Morgan town. ,
Cliirljhurg, a town of MalTachufetts^
Berkfliirc co. bounded N by Stanford in
Vermont, W by Williamftown, containing
353 fouls.
Clarljlurg, a poft town of Montgomery
CO. Maryland, 29 miles from \Vafliington.
Clarkjhiirg, a poft town, Jackfon co.
Georgia, 704 miles from Wafliington.
Claris Ferry, Cumberlandco. Pennfylva-
nia, where is a poft oftlce, 154 miles from
Wafliington.
CLirkipvillc, a town on the E bank of the
Miflllippi river, near the boundary lint
between Get)rgia and W Florida. '1 hi»
place was appointed to be the rendezvous
of the Spanifh and American Commiflion-
ers who wcr? authorized to run the di-
vilional line between Spain and the Unit-
ed States, according to tjie Treaty of 1 795.
Clarl/lozvu, iu Orange co. N- York, liet
on the W fide ufthe'lappan Sea, 2 milt*
diftant ; northerly from Tappan town-
fliip, 6 miles, and from N. York city, 29
miles. By the ftate cenfus of 1796, 224
of its inhabitants were eledlors.
Clart/ville, or Clerkfiiille, a poft and chief
town of Montgomery co. Teneflee, is
pleafantly fivuatcd on the N bank of Cun*.
berland K. and at the mouth of Red river,
oppofitc the mouth of Muddy Creek. It
c^uitains a court houlc and gaol, 45 milei
N W of Naflivilie ; 220 N W by W of
Knoxvillc, and (/40 W by S of Philadel-
phia. N iat. 36 45, W lori. 88 57.
Clarltfville, a fniall fettlement in the N
W territory, which contained, in 1791,
about 60 fouls. It is fituated on the north-
ern bank of the Ohio, oppofite Louifvillc,
a mile below the Rapids, and 100 miles b
E of Poft Vincent. It is frequently flood-
ed, when the river is high, and inhabited
by people who cannot, at prefent, find a
better fiiuation.
Cliiveracli, a poft town in Columbia co.
N. York, pleafantly fituated on a large
plain, about i\ miles E of Hudfon ciiy^
near a creek of its own name. It contains
about 65 boufis, a Dutch church, a court
houlc, and a gaol. The townfliip contains
4414 inhabitants, including 314 flaves.
CLiy I'oiuh, a place lb called on Cape
Cod, Maflachuletts, where a light houfc
vvaa creeled, by order of the United States,
in 1797. " Tilt light houfc is cre(5led on
land tlcvated about 150 feet, which with
the elcvaticn of the lar.tcrn maker> the
vvliole height 200 feet above high water
mark. la^ urdsr that this Light may he
diftinguifliutl
CL A
CLE
JiftmguIflicJ from the Bofton and other
Lights on this coaft, an eclipfcr is eretftud,
which will revolve around the lamps one;
in 80 feconds, fo that the Light will be
nearly excluded from the eye of the ap-
proaching mariner alx)Ut 30 feconds, in
one revolution of the eclipfe. To render
the benevolent defigns of Conijrefs as ex-
tentivcly ufeful as poUible, the Marine
Society in Dorton, by a large committee
from their body, whofe views have been
feconded by others, have taken fuel* dif-
tances and l)earings as they thought necef-
fary ; which obfervations giving light and
fafety, are added for the benefit of all in-
terefted, and are as follow : Vellels out-
ward boimd, from Bofton light houfe, and
would wifli to fall in with Cape Cod, the
courfeis £ S E.diftance 1.5 leagues; thence
3 leagues to the light houfe. When up
with the light houfe, and it bears t> W z
kagiies diftancc, you may then fteer S S E,
which will carry you out of the S chan-
nel. VeTels inward bound and fall in
with the back of CapeCod,bringthe Light
to bear S W 2 leagues diftance ; then you
may fteer W N W for Bofton light houfe.
If you would wifh togo into Cape Cod har-
bour, you mav keep the fliore aboard
about a mile diftant, where you will have
10 fathom swater. There is a bar lies ofF
the back of the Cape, about half a mile
from the fliore. When up with Race
point, which is very bold, and about 3
leagues to the weftwardof the light houfe,
and may be known by a number of fifli
houfes on it. From i to 3 miles to the
fouthward of Race point, is what is called
Herring Cove, where you may have good
anchoring half a mile from thefhore, the
wind from E to N N E in 4 or even in 3
fathom water. If bound into Cape Cod
harbour, your coiirfe from Race point to
Wood end, is S S E 6 miles diftance, bring
the Light to bear bv N, and run for it
about a miles, you will then be clear of
Wood End ; then you mnft fteer N E un-
til the Light bears E by S ; then run N W
for the harbour, until you have from 4
to 3 ^ fathom water, where you have good
anchoring ; the Light then will hear E by
S -^S 5 or 6 miles diftance. In running
from the Race point to Wood End, after
you pafs the BJack Land or Hummucks,
yoii will come up with a low fandv beach,
which forms the harbour, extending be-
tween 2 and ^ miles to Wood End, which
i» difficult to be diftinguirtied in the night,
it is very bold you will have 25 fathom
tirater withiu lialf a oule of the diore» I*
!gUl
beating into Cape Cod harbour, you tnuiH'
keep the eaftern fliore aboard, until you
get into 5 fathom water. Stand no fur-
ther to the weftward than to bring the
Light to bear E by .S, as there is a long
fpit of fand runs off from the wefterra
fliore which being very bold,you will have
1 1 fathom water within a ftone's throw of
fliore. In cafe it blows fo hard that yoit
cannot beat in the harbour, you will have,
good anchoring without, from 10 to i,f
fathom water. Vefl'els in Bofton bay, anci
would wifli to put away for Cape Cod
harbour, muft endeavour to fall in with
the Race. If in the night, and you can-
not fee the land, you muft bring the Light
to bear E by N, and run for it until you
have foundings in 14 or 15 fathom water;
then fteer N E until the Light bears E by
S, then run in N Wfor the harbour. At
full and change it is high water off Race
point at 10 o'clock and 4? minutes. Vef-
fels in leaving Cape Cod, bound to Bofton,
fliould calculate the tide, as the flood fet*
ftrong to the S W.
Cle.tr IVater Creek, fifes among thff
fouthern branches of Dick River, and
empties into the Teneflee on the N iidc, e
mile above the mouth of the Occacliappo.
CUri's Iilei, lie S W from, and at the en-
trance of Behriiig's ftraits, which fcparats
Alia from America. They rather belong
to Ada, being very near, and S S W froiiii
tlie head land which lies bi-tween the
ftraits and the gulf of Anadir, in Afia.
They have their name in honor of that
able navigator, Capt. Clci*k, the compan-
ion of Capt. Cook. In other maps they
are called St. Andrea Ides.
Clermont, a CO. in thc ftate of Ohio.
Clermont, a poft town in Columbia co»
N. York, 6 miles from Red h<;nk, 15 froim
Hudfon, and 117 milci t' of N. York. The
townfliip contains 114a inluiijitants.
Clermont, a village 1^ miles from Cam-
den, S. Carolina. In the late war, here
was a block houfe encompafled by an al>-
batis. It was taken from col. Rugcly, of
the Britilli militia, in Dec. 1781, by an in-
genious rtratagein of licut. col. Wafl.ing-
ton.
Clfelamf, a town in Trumbull co. ftnte
of Ohio, fituated on lake Erie at the mouth
of Cuyahoga, on the E fule, 60 miles N \V
Youngftowi), and 125 N W Pittfl)urgh
This town has been regularly laid out, and-
will probably foon become a place of im-
portance, as the Cuvahoga willfiirnifli the
eaficft coniniunic.ition bttwctn lake Erie
and the Oliio. With litclo cxptufe a llife
k.irb'jur
'■>ii\
CLI
COS
frariiour may be formed at this town, for
vefl'cU and boats which trade on the lake.
The difficulty it a bar at the mouth of
the river, which varies frequently. In
the compact part of the town there were
in i8oi, xo or i% houfes ; and in the
whole town about aoo inhabitants.
Clie, Lake le, in U. Canada, about 38
miles long, and 30 broad ; its waters com-
municate with thofe of Lake Huron.
CIImIj Mountain, divides the waters of
Hulfton and Clinch rivers, in the flate of
TenelFee. In this mountain, Burk's Gar-
den, and Morris's Nob, might bedefcrib-
ed as curioiities.
Clirub, or Pelefon, a branch of Teneflec
R. It rifes in Virginia, navigable for boats
aoo miles, and after it enter? the ftate of
I j rt Tcneflce, receives Powtl's, and Poplar's
creek, and Emery's river, befide other
fireams. The courfe of the Clinch is S
W and S W by W. Its mouth, 150 yards
%vide, lies 1$ miles below Knoxvillc, and
60 above the mouth of the Hiwaflee.
Ctiiiton,\\\Q mod northern county of the
flate of N. York, is bounded N by Cana-
da, E by the dcepeft waters of lake Cham-
plain, which line fcparatcs it from Ver-
mont ; and S by the Great Sables river.
In this county, and Eflex, which was
formed from the S part of Clinton co. in
Feb. 1 799, are 8j 14 fouls. In 1 790 there
were but 1614. A great proportion of
the lands in thcfe counties are of an ex-
cellent quality, and produce abundance
of the various kinds of grain cultivated
in oihcr parts of the ftate. The people
manufadlure earthen ware, pot and pearl
;iflics, in large quantities, which they ex-
port to N. York or Quebec. Their wool
is excellent ; their beef and pork fecond
to none ; and the price of flail fed beef in
Montreal, 60 miles from Platfburgh, is
fuch as to encourage the farmers to drive
their cattle to that market. Tiieir forcfts
fupply them with fugar and molafits, and
the foil is well adapted to the culture of
hemp. The land carriage from any part
of the country, in tranfporting their pro-
duce to N. York, does not exceed i8 miles.
The carrying place at Ticondcroqa is \\
miles ; and from Fort George, at tlie S end
of the lake of that name, to Fort Edward,
is but 14 miles. The ftnall obftrudtions
after that are to be removed by the pro-
piietors of the northern canal. From this
country to Qnebcc, are annually feut large
rafts ; the rapids at St. John's and Cham-
blce, being the only interruptions in the
navig,ition,and thofe not fo groat,' liat
at fnme feafons, hatteaux with 60 bu(1iet;t
of fait can afcend them. Salt is fold here:
at half a dollar a buflicl. Saranac, Sable,
and Bouquet rivers Water Clinton co.
The firft is remarkable for the quantity
of falmon it produces.
Clinton, a poft town in Dutchcfs co. N.
York, above Poughkeepfie. It is large
and thriving, and contains 5208 inhalv
itants.
Clinton, a town in the S E corner of
Chenengo co. N. York, on Sufquehanna
river and in the townfliip of Jericho.
Clinton,2L town in Kcnnebeck co. Maine,
37 miles from Hallowell. See Hancock.
Clinton, parilli. in the townlhip of Paris,
7 miles from Whiteftown, is a wealthy,
pleafant, flourilliing fettlement, contain-
ing feveral handfome houfes, a newly
credled Prefbyterian meeting houfe, a
convenient fchool houfe, and an academy
delightfully lituated. Between this fet-
tlement and the Indian fettlements at
Oneida, a diflance of iz miles, (in June,
1796) was wildcrnefs, without any inhab-
itants, excepting a few Indians of the old
Oneida village.
Clintons Hdrbour, on the N W coaft of
N. America, has its entrance in N lat. 5%
12, W Ion. 136. Capt. Gray named it
after Gov. Clinton of N. York.
Clijlinos, a fierce nation of Indians who
inhabit round Hudfon bay. See Nno
Britain.
CMer, a village in Bergen co. N- Jcrfey,
7 miles S E of Peramus, and 16 N of N.
York city.
Clyoquot, a found or bay on the N W
coaft of America, wcftcrlcy from Berkley's
Sound. See JLincod's Harbour,
Coatxacualco, a navigable river of New
Spain, which emptier into the gulf of
M.: ico, near the country of Onnhualco.
C,ob:lihill, or Cobiijkill, a town in Scho-
h ric CO. N. York, on Cobus creek, con-
ta ns 1765 inhabitants. It was incorpo-
rated in J 797.
Cobhefeconte,\i a fmall, crooked river, in
Kennebcck co. Maine, the N branch of
which rifes from Cobbcfeconte Ponds,
which lie cliieily in the town of Winthrop;
the foutheru branch fprings from ponds
in and near Bowdoin and Bowdoinham ;
thefe branches unite in Pittftown, and
running E N E, fall into the Kennebeck
near thedivifional line between Pittftown
and Hallowell. At the mouth of this river
arc extenfivc flats, and a mile from its
mouth are falls on which mills are ercAed.
Qibeqidt, or ColcheJlcrR, in Nova Scotia,
rifes
eoH
COH
crfcy,
of N.
river, in
anch of
Ponds,
inthrop;
ponds
jinliam ;
m, and
ntxcbeck
ittftown
his river
"rom its
erc<Sled.
Scotia,
fiTcs
Tiki 'wUhin 20 miles of Tatamogouchc,
•n the N E coad of Nova Scotia ; from
thence it run? foutherly, then S W and
W into the E end of the Bafin of Minai.
At its mouth there is a fliort bank, but
there it a good channel on each fide,
which veffels of 60 tons burden may pafs,
and go 40 Aiiles up the river. There are
Vome fcattered Ccttlemcnts on its banks.
'Caie/iy, in Maine. Sec Pittfion.
Ceteea, or Coiija, an obfcure port and
village in the audience of Los Charcos,
in Peru, S. America. The place is inhab-
ited by about 56 Indian families, and is
the moft barren fpot on the coafl. This
is, however, the nearcft port to Lipes,
.where there are filver mines, and alfo to
Potofi, whicti is yet above 100 leagues
' dillant, and that through a defcrt country.
Ctibam, a fmall town in Virginia, on the
S bank of James R. oppolite Jamedown,
S or 9 miles S W of \Villiam(burg.
Ctioam JJle, mentioned by Capt. Mid-
dleton, in the journal of his voyage for
iGnding a N £ palfage. Its two extremi-
ties bear N by £, and E by N, in N lat. 63,
£ Ion. from Churchill, 3 40, which he
takes to be the Brouk Coil/am of Fos.
Cobujkill See XJMjWl.
Cocatico, a townfliip in Lancafter co.
Pennfylvania. It has 3.567 inhabitants.
. Coebeco, a N W branch of Pifcataqua
R. in N. Hampfliire. It rifes in the £lue
Hills in Strafford co. and its mouth is 5
miles above Hilton's Point. See Fi/iatajua.
Cochabamba, a province and jurifdi«Stion
in Peru, 50 leagues from Plata, and 56
ifrom Potofi. Its capital of the fame name
is one of the richefi, largell, and mod
populous in Peru, as it is the granary of
the archbifhoprick of Plata ; and in fome
fpots filver mines have been dilcovered.
CochranfvH/e, a port town of Chefter co.
Pennfylvania, t37 miles from Wafliington.
Ceciiarne. a townfliip in the northern
part of N. Hampfliire, Grafton co. on the
E bank of Conneaicut R. S of Cole-
brooke.
Code, a CO of Hamilton diftrlA, Ten-
eflee. With Jefferfon co. it contains 901 7
inhabitants, 695 of whom arc flaves.
Coci/aiie. See Coxakie.
Cod. See dp* Cod, BamJIabU Co. and
frovineeteton. .
Ccdorut, a townfliip in York co. Penn-
fylvania. It has 1634 inhabitants.
Coeymam, a townfliip in Albany co. N.
York, i» miles below Albany. It con-
tains 3090 inhabitants.
Cebgmiiuago, a parifli ia the townfliip
V«i. I O
•f Johnftorra, Montgomery co. N. York
on the W fide of Mohawk R. a6 milct \f
of Schcnc-dtady. This place, which had
been fettled nearly 80 years, and which
was the feat of Sir William Jolmfon, was
moftly dedroyed by the Britifli and In«
dians, under the command of Sir William,
in the year 1780. In this adtiun, John*
fon evinced a want of feeling which would
have difgraced a favage. The people
deftroyed in this expedition, were his old
neighbours, with whom he had formerljf
lived in the habits of fiieodfliip. Hit
eflate was among them, and the inhabit-
ants had ahv;iys confidercd him as their
friend and neighbour. Tlicfe unfortunate
people, after feeing their houfcs and prop-
erty coufumed to aihes, were hurried,
fuch as could walk, into cruel captivity ;
thofe who could not walk, fell vitftiras to
the tomahawk and fcalping knife. Sc«
Cagbnanvaga,
Cobanzy, or Ce/aria, a fmall river which
rifes in Salem co. N. Jcrfcy, and running
through Cumberland co empties into
Delaware R. oppofite the upper end of
Bombay Hook. It is about 30 miles in
length, and is navigable for vefl*els of zoo
tons to Bridgetown, ao miles from iu
mouth.
Coba/fct, a pofl: town in Norfolk co.
Maflachufetts, which was incorporated
in 1770, and contains 849 inhabitants.
It has a congregational church, and 126
houfcfl, fcattered on different farms. Co-
hafl*et rocks, which have been fo fatal to
many veflfels, lie off this town, about 9,
league from the fliore. The inhabitants
are honoured for their remarkable kind*
nefs to fliipwrccked feamcn. It lies 25
miles S E of Bofton ; but in a flraighc
line not above half the didance.
Coboez, or the Fulis in Mohawk R. be-
tween 2 and 3 miles from its mouth, and
10 miles northward of Albany, arc a very
great natural curiofity. The river above
tlie falls, is about 3C0 yards wide, and
approaches them from the N W in a rapid
current, between high banks on each fide,
and pours the whole body of its water
over a perpendicular rock of about 40
(fome fay more) feet in height, which
extends quite acrofs the river, like a mill
dam. The banks of the river, immedi-
ately below the falls, arc about too feet
high. Abridge iioo feet long, and 24
feet wide, rcfling on 13 piers, was crtAed
at the expenfe of 12,000 dollars, in 1794,
a mile below the falls, from vrhich a fpcc-
tator ma J have » £raad view of. them t
b;;t
r-l
COL
But they appear mod romantically from
Lanfinburgh hill, 5 miles E of them.
Cobongoronto, is the name of Potowmack
9u before it breaks through the Blue
Ridge, in N lat. 39 45. Its whole lc'n;;th
to the Blue Rid^e, may be about 1 60 miles;
from thence it afTumes the name of Po-
ttivtnack, which fee.
Cobuixcat, a country in New Spain, in
which there is a confidcrable mountain
nf loaddone, between Tcoiltylan and Chi-
Ibpan.
CoLjhury College, in the town of Abing*
ton, in Hartford co. Maryland.
Co!jn,n fm.ill Indian town,(ituated near
the South Sea, a or 3 leagues to the north-
Wiird of Payta, inhabited by fiHiermen.
Here they make large rafts of logs, which
will carry 60 or 70 tons of goods ; with
thefe they make long voyages, even to
Panama, 5 or 600 leagues diftant. They
have a mad with a fail fallened to it.
They always go before tfte wind, being
unable to ply againft it; and therefore
only fit for thefe feas, where the wind is
alwayt in a manner the fame, not varying
above a point or two all the way from
Lima, till they come into the bay of Pan-
ama ; and there they mud fometimes wait
for a change. Their cargo is ufvally
wine, oil, fugar, Quito cloth, foap, and
dreflcd goat fkins. The float is ufually
navigated by 3 or 4 mcn^ who fell their
float where they difpofe of th«ip cargo ;
and return as paiTcngers to the port they
came from. The Indians go out at night
by the help of the land wind, with fiOiing
boats, more manageable than the others,
though thefe have mafts and fails too, and
return again in the day time with the fea
«rind.
Colchejier, a townfliip in Delaware co.
N^ Yort, on the Popachton branch of
Delaware river, S W of Middletown ; and
about 50 miles S VV by S of Cooperftown.
It contains 1207 inhabitants.
Colchejfci; a port town in New London
CO. Conne<5ticut, fettled in 1701 ; about
15 miles weftward of Norwich, 25 SE of
Hartford, and ao N W of New London
city.
Colcbejltr, the chief town in Chittenden
CO. Vermont, is on the E bnnk of lake
Champlain, at the mouth of Onion river,
and N of Burlington, on Colchcfter bay,
which fpreads N of the town.
Colcf.'fJl.T, a port town in Fairfar co. Vir-
ginia, fituated on the N £ bank of Oc.]uo-
quam creek, 3 or 4 miles from its conflu-
«ace with the Potowmack ; and i» here
COL
about ICO yards wide, and navigable fof
'toats. It contains about 40 houfes, and
ies 16 miles S W of Alexandria, 106 N
ly E of Richmond, and 172 from Phila-
delphia.
Colchrjler Totvitjhip, in the CO. of Eflex,
U. Canada, is fituated upon lake Erie, and
lies between Maiden and Gosfield.
Golchellir R. Nova Seotia. See Cibejult,
CoiJBreat,aJmM flream-about 10 miles
long, which rifes in a pond-of looo acreSt
Hnd falls into Pafladunkeag, in townfliip
No. I, about 2 miles befoie its confluence
with Penohfcot, on the E fide.
Cu!d Spring, in the ifland of Jamaica, is
a villa, 6 miles from the highlands of Ll-
guania. The grounds ate in a high (late
of improvement. Cold Spring is 4200
fett al>ove the level of the fea; and few
or none of the tropical fruits will flourifli
in fo cold a climate. The general date
of the thermometer is from 55 to 65 ; and
even fometimes fo low as 44 , fo that a
fire there, even at noon day, is not only
comfortable, but neceflary a great part of
the year. Many of the Englifh fruits, aa
the apple, tJie peach, and the drawbtrry,
flourifli there in great perfection, with
feveral other valuable exotics, as the tea
tree and other oriental produ«5lions.
Cold Spring Cove, near Burlington, ^f.
Jtrfcy, is remarkable foi its fand and clay,
ufcd in the manufa«nure of glafs ; from
whence the glafs works at Hamilton, 10
miles W of Albany, are fupplied with
thefe articles.
Colebrooh, in the northern part of N.
Hampfliire, in Grafton co. lies on the £
bank of eonne<Slicut R. oppofite the Great
Monadnock, in Canaan, date of Vermont ;
joining Cockburno on the fouthward, and
Stuartdown on the northward ; iz6 mile*
N W by N from Portfmouth.
Cotebrooke, a rough, hilly townfliip, on
the N line of Conne(?licut, in Litchfield
CO. 30 miles N VV of Hartford city. It
was- fettled in 1756. Here are 2 iron
works and feveral ijiil's, on Still R. a M
W water of Farmington R In digging a
cellar in this town, at the clofe of tlie
year 1796, bi longing to Mr. John HuU
burr, the workmen, at the depth of about
9 or 10 feet, found three large tuflts and
two thigh bones of an animal, the latter
of which meafured each about 4 feet 4
inches in length, and 12^ inches in cir-
cumference. When fird difcovcrtd they
were entire, but as foon as they Were ex-
pofcd to the air they mouldered to dud.
ihis adds another to the many fadls,
ing 24,903
are fUves.
city.
<2, iron
R. aM
igging a
of tlic
oha Hui'
of about
ufks and
the latter
4 feet 4
in cir-
end they
were ex-
d to duft.
ny fa<fl«t
:s
COL
which prove that a race of enermeui
ammals, now extinift, once inhuLited the
United States.
ColeraiH, a townfliip in Lancaftcr to.
Peniifylvania. It has 77» inhabitants.
Coltram, a pott town, Bertie co N. Car-
olina, ^^o miles from Wafliington.
Colerain, a town on the N b?rik of St.
Mary's R. Camden co. Geoigia, 40 or 50
miles from its mouth. On the zpth of
June, 1796, a treaty of peace and fricnd-
fliip was made and concluded at this
place, between the Prefidcnt of the United
States, on the one part, in behalf of the
United States, and the king's chiefs and
warriors of the Cicck nation of Indians,
on the other. By this treaty, the line
between the white pcopl. and the hidians,
was cftabliflied to ran " from the Curra-
hce mountain to the head or fourcc of the
main S branch of the Oconte R. called
by the white people, Appalatohce, and by
the hidians, Tuiapocka, and down the
middle of the fame." Liberty was alfo
given by the Indians to the Prefulent of
the United States, to " eftiblilTi a trading
or military pod on the S fide of Alatama-
ha, Hb.>ut I mile above Beard's blufF, or
any where from thence down the river,
tin the lands of the Indians ;" and the hi-
diins agreed to *' annex to faid pod a tradt
of land ol' 5 miles fquare ;" and in return
for this, and other tokens of friendihip on
the part of the Indians, the United States
ftipulatcd to give them goods to the value
•f 6oo3 dollars, and to furnifli them with
two blackfmiths with tools.
Cole/ville, a port town of Dinwiddle co.
Virginia, 15a miles from Wafliington.
Giles Cteti, a fmall Dream in JcfFcrfon
CO. MifTilippi Territory.
Co/ima,A\2Lrge and rich town of Mecbo-
acan and New Spain, on the South Sea,
near the borders of Xalifca, and in the
mod pleafant and fruitful valley in all
Mexico, producing cocoa, cailia, and other
things of value, biifide fome gold. Dam-
pier takes notice of a volcano near it,
with two fliarp peaks, from which fmoke
and flame iflue continually. The fanions
plant oleacazan grows in the neighbour-
hood, which is reckoned a cathnlicon for
rtftoring decayed ftrength, and a fpecific
againd all forts of poifon. The natives
apply the leaves to the parts aflTcdled, and
judge of the fuccefs of the operation by
their flicking or falling ofF.
Colleton, a. d\{ir\<!k of S. Carolina, contain-
ing 24,903 inhabitants, of whom 20,471
are fUves. JackToaburgh is tiie capital.
COL
Coiiaiut, a town in HampHure co. Maf*
fachufetts, 32 miles N W of Northampton,
on theVcrmont line, has 2014 inhabitants.
CoLmbia, a pofl town in Wafliington ro.
Maine, on Pfcafant R. adjoining Maehias
on the N E, and was formerly called Plan
tations No. 12 and 13. It was incorpo-
rated in 1 796. Tlie town of Machias lies
15 miles to the eadward. It is 9 tnilct
from Steuben. It has n^^i inhabitant*.
Columhia Co. in N. York, is bounded N
by Renflelaer, S by Dutchdis. E by the
date of Maflachufetts, and W by Hudfon
R. which divides it from Green co. It
is 32 miles in length, and 21 in breadth,
and IS divided into '8 towns ; of whicK
Hudfon, Claverack, and Kinderhook are
tlie cliicf. It contains ;:,s^i 2% inhabitants,
*)f whom 147 1 arc flaves. '
Coltiriiia College, Scc N^czo York etty. '~ 7
Culumbia, Territory of , conV4.\n% 8144 in-
habitants, 2072 of whum arc Ilavei. Ser
IVaJhin^t.iH, City of.
Co'iimhia, a pod town, the capital of
Rie'.tland co. and the (cat of government
of i'j. Carolina. It is fituated on the £ fide .
of tl>e Congaree, jull btlow the confluence
of Saluda and Broad rivers. The drects
are regufar, and the town contains 80 or
100 houfes. The public oflices have, in '
fome meafure, been divided, for the ac-
commodation of the inhabitants of the
Imver counties, and a branch of each re-
tained in Charlcdon. The STouth Caro-
lina College is edabliflied in this town,
and was incorporated in i8oi. The
buildings are in forwardnefs. The fum
of 50,000 dollars was appropriated in the
aA of incorporation for the ere»5lion of
the necefTary edifices, and an annual fum
of 6000 dollars for the fupport of the fac-
ulty of the college. Further donations
have been made by the legiflature of the
date- It lies 1.15 miles N NW of Charlef-
ton, 35 S W of Camden, 85 from Auguda*
in Georgia, and 678 S W of Philadelphia.
N lat. 34 1, W Ion. 80 57.
Columbia, a flourifliing pod town in
Goochland co. Virginia, on the N fide of
James river, at the mouth of the Rivanna.
It contains about 40 honfes, and a ware
houfe for the infpc«£lion of tobacco. It
lies 45 miles above Richmond, 3^ from
Charlottefville, and 328 S W of Phila-
delphia.
Columbia, a pod town in I.ancadcr co.
Pennfylvania.on the N E bank of Sufqne-
hanna river, at Wright's ferry ; 10 milev
W of Lancadcr, aad 76 W by N of Phi-
ladelphia. '
■ColumliM
:m
CON
COl*
11
' tclumila Co. in the upper dlftriA of
Georgia, is bounded by Savannah R. on
the N £ and E, which feparatet it from
the (late of S. Carolina, N W of Richmond
CO. Its (hape is very irregular. It is
watered by Great Kioka creek and fev-
cral other dreams. It is divided into ii
towns, and contains 8345 inhabitants, of
Vhum 3C08 are flavei. At the court
houfc is a pod office.
Columbia, a large river of the N W coaft
of N. America. It enters the Pacific
ocean lat. 46 18 N, Ion. 236 34 W. It is
\\i\i a mile wide la miles from its mouth.
H has been afccnded in boats more than
80 miles. faneoiivtr.
Columbia, a town in the flate of Ohio,
On the N bank of Ohio R. and on the W
fide of the mouth of Little Miami R. about
6 miles S E by £ of Fort WaHiington, 8 £
by S of Cincinnati, and 87 N by W pf
Lexington, in Kentucky. N lat. 39 30.
Columbiana, t co. in the (late of Ohio.
Comana, a towo and province in the
northern divi&on of Terra Firma, S. A-
nerica. It lies on the N eadernmoft part
of the fea coaft.
Comargo, a town of New Leon, in N.
America, (ituatcd on the S Ude pf Rjo
Sravo, which empties into the gulf of
IVlcxicO on the W fide.
Co.vbabet, a condderable river of S. Car-
oHna, which enters St. Helena found be-
tween Coofa and Afliepoo rivers.
Combahee ferry, on the above river, is
17 miles from Jackfonfborough, 15 from
Pocotaligo, and 52 from Charieflon.
. Comfort, Point, is the S eafternmoft part
of Elizabeth city co. in Virginia, formed
by James R. at its mouth, in Chefapeak
bay. Point Comfort lies 19 miles W hy
N of Cape Henry.
Commanoes, one of the fmall Virgin ifles
in the W. Indies, fituated to the N N £ of
Tortula. N lat. 18 15, W Ion. 63.
Compofiella, a very rich town in New
Spain, and province of Xalifco, built in
X531, fituated near the South Sea, 400
miles N W of M -^r'o. The foil is bar-
ren and the a!- iinaealthful ; but it has
fcveral mines of filver at St. Pecaqne, in
its neighbourhood. N lat. 11 so, W Ion.
XO9 43. See Culiacan.
Compton, a flourifliing townfliip in L.
Canada, on a fouthcrn branch of the river
St. Francis, S of Afcot, adjoining, and has
jjo inhabitants, chiefly from N. England.
C^najohary, a port town, on tile S fide of
IMohawk river, N. York, 36 miles above
Schcnc^ady. See Canajobary,
tamaviangt, a northern bi-atieh of Alte^
ghany river, in Pennfylvania, which rifc%
from Chataughque lake.
ConeepiioH, a large bay 00 the E fide of
|»Kv'vvfoundland I. whofe entrance is be-
tween Cy.pe St. Francis on thc.fouthward,
and Flamborougb head on the northward.
It runs a great way into the land in a
foulhern diret^lion, having numerous bay^
on the W fide, on which are two fettle-
ments, Carboniere and Havre d.|,Grace.
Settlements were made here in i6io, by
about 40 planters, under governor John
Guy, to whom king James had granted a
patent of incorporation.
Conception ef Salaya, a fm5^ll town of N.
America, in the province of Mechoacan^
in Mexico or New Spain, was built by the
Spaniards, as well as the (lations of St.
Michael and St. Philip, to frcure the road
from Mechoacan to the filver mines of
Zacateca. They have al£o given thii
name to feveral boroughs of America ; a^
to that in Hifpaniola ifland, and to a fea
pore of California, &c.
Conception, by the Indians called Fenct^
a city in Chili, S. America, fituated on the
edge of the fea, at the mouth of a river,
and at the bottom of a bay of its own
name. It lies in about 37 S lat. It wa|
fcveral times deltroyed by the powerful
confederacy of the Indians, and as ofteq
repaired. In 1751 it was deftroycd by.
an earthquake, and has not, fince that,
been rebuilt. It is within the audience
and jurifdiiStion of St. Jago, and is gov-
erned by a correflidore. The Spanifli
inhabitants here, arc the mod warlike and
hardy of any in S. America ; they are all
trained IQ arms from their childhood, to
be ready to refid the attack of the Chilcfc
Indians, whom they have reafon to con-
fider a formidable enemy. The inhab-
itants, and even the women, excel in
horfemanfliip ; they are very dexterous
in managing the lance or noofe ; and it
is very rare to fee them mifs their aim,
though at full fpeed, with the noofe, which
they throw 40 or $0 yards, and fo halter
the objedl of their diverfion or revenge.
This noofe is made of thongs of cow hide ;
thcfc they twid with oil, till rendered
fupple and pliant to command ; and fo
ftrong that, when twiftcd, they will, it is
faid, hold a wild bull, which would break
a halter of henjp of twice the thicknefs.
The foil here is fruitful, abounding
with corn and excellent wine. The fruit
trees bear fo Inxurientiy here, that tliey
arc forced to thai the iVuitjOtherwirctht
biinchti
eoN
CON
^^inchcs would break, nor could the fruit
come to maturity. This city has a church
and fix very famous monaderics ; but the
^welling houfes make no great appear-
ance. Here the women go out lu the
night to the fhops, to buy fuch ilecefTaries
as they want for their families, it being
contrary to the cuflom of this country for
women of any charadter, to go abruad in
the day time on fuch afiairs. It is 9a open
town ; and the few batteries it has, are
kept in very indifferent order.
Coiicbucos ,a jurifdidtion in Peru , S. Amcri-
ca,under thearchbifliop of Lima; it begins
40 leagues N N E of the mefropolis, and
runs along the center of the Cordillera.
It produces fruits, grain, &c. a»d affords
ezrenfive padure for cattle of all kinds.
Several branches of the woollen lyanufac-
toiy are carried on here, whic i.^nlhtute
its grcateft commerce with the c 'her prov-
inces.
CoHtorJ, formerly Guntb-wait, a townihip
of Grafton co. N. Hampfhire, en Amon-
oofuck river, Incorporated 1768. It has
663 inhabitants.
Concord, a poft town of N. Kampihire,
floutifliing, and pleafantly lituated on the
W bank of Merrimack river, in Rocking-
{lam CO. 8 miles above Hookfet falls. The
egiflature, of late, have commonly held
their feflions here ; and from its central
fituation, and a thriving back country, it
will probably become the peripaiiest feat
of governt^ent. Much of t^e trade of
the upper country centers here. A hand-
fomc toll bridge acrofs the Merrimack,
^conneAs this town with Pembroke. It has
aoj) inhabitants, and was incoi-porated
in 1765. The Indian name was 2\nacooi.
it iKas granted by MaHachuf^tts, aqd call-
ed Rumford. The co;npa(^ part of the
town contains about 170 houfes, a congre-
gational church, and an academy, which
Was incorporated in 1790. It is 5$ miles
W N W of Portfmouti^, 58 S E of Darth-
mouth college, and 70 northward from
Boftoh. N lat. 43 I J, W Ion. 71 29.
Concord, in Effex co. Vermont, lies on
Connedticut ri,ver, oppofite a part of thq
15 mile falls.
Cuitcord, in MafTachufetts, a pod town,
one of the mod confiderable towns in
Middlefex co. fituated on Concord river,
in a healthy and pleafant fpot, nearly in
the center of the county, and i8 miles N
W of Bodon, and 1 7 E of Lancader. Its
Indian name was Mufquetequid ; and it
owes its pi-efent name to the peaceable;
^anntiia which it v\'a$ obtained from the
natives. The firft fettlers, among whonR
were the Rev. Meffrs. Buckley and Jonet,
having fettled the purchafe, obtained ai|
adl of incorporation, tjept. 3, 1635 ; and
this was the mod didant fettlemcnt from
the fea Ihore of New England at that time.
The fettlers never had any contell with
the Indians ; and only three pcrfons were
ever killed by them within the limits cf
the town The inhabitants are 1679 in
number. For 13 years previous to 1791,
the average number of deaths was 17;
one in four of whom were 70 years eld
and upwards. The public buildings arc,
a Congregational church, a fpacioutt doue
gaol, and a handfome county court houfe.
The to'wn isaccommodated with three con*
venient bridges over the river ; one of
which is ao8 feet long, and 18 feet wide,
fupported by 1 1 piers, built after the man-
ner of Charles river bridge. This town
is famous in the hidory of the revolution,
having been the i^t of the provincial
congrefs in 1774, and^c fpot where the
fird oppoiitiop was made to the Britifh
troops, on the memorable 19th of April,
1775. The general court have frequent-
ly held their feflions here w hen cunt:igioui
(Ufeafes h^v^ prevailed in the capital. N
lat. 4a 35.
Concord, a fmall river of MalTachufcttc,
foimed of two branches, whicli unite near
the center of the town of Concord,
whence it takes its courfe in N £ and N
direction thiough Bedford and Billcrica,
and empties itfelf into Merrimack R. at
Tewldbury. Concord R. is remarkable
for the gentlen ;fs of its current, which it
fcarcely percei 'able by the eye. At low
water mark it is from 100 to 200 feet wide,
and from 3 to \i feet deep. During
floods, Concord R. is near a mile in
breadth ; and w'.ien viewed from the
town of Concord, makes a fine appear-
ance. The Middlefex canal is fupplicd
with water from this river.
Concord, a pod town of Suflex co. Del-
aware, 159 miles from Wafliington.
Concord, a townfliip in Delaware co.
Pennfylvania, has 940 inhabitants.
Concord, a fettlement in the MiiTi'ippi
Territory, on the E bank of the Miflllippi,
about a mile from the S line of Tene/Tee,
108 miles N from the mouth of Yazoo R.
and ai8 bcKw ilie Ol.io. N lat. y^ SS>
\y Ion. 91 25.
Condc, Fort, or Mobile city, is fituatcd on
the W fide of Mobile bay, in W Florida,
about 40 miles above its mont 'i in tlie gulf
cf Mexico. N lat. 30 4:, W Icn. 87 57.
Condccedc,
1)1
fA
CON
CON
Mmiicea'; a cape or prom«ntery of N.
America, in the province of Yucatan, lOO
mile* W of Mcrida. N bt. zo 50, W Ion.
91 27-
Condcfuycj de Areqtiipay n. jurif(]!(£lion
under the bifhop of Areqin'pa, 30 league*
!N of tliat city, in Peru. Here is culiv.itcd
the wild cochineal ; the hidians carry on
a great u-ade with thiu article ; thcv
grind it, and mix four ounces of it with
1 i ounces of violetniaize, of which they
form cakes of 4 ounces each, and fell it
for a dollar a pound. Thefc cakes they
call magnos. This place abound* alio
with gold and filvcr mines, which are not
fo carefully worked as formerly.
C.'nYi^ir^_^,arett]emcnt in Maine, Hancock
<o. containing, in i7</o, 567 inhal) tints.
Concgnch.'ague Creek, riles near Mercerf-
"burg, Franklin co. Pennl'ylvania, runs
foutherly in a winding courfe, and after
fupplyiug a number of mills, empties into
the Potowmack,at William port,in Wafli-
jngton CO. ATaryland ; 19 miles S E of
Hancock, and 8 miles .'i of the Pennfylva-
nia line.
Conemaugb River, and Little Conemaugh,
are the head waters of Kifkemanitas, in
Pennfylvania : after pafling through Lau-
rel hill and Chefnut ridge, Conemaugh
takes that name and empties into the AU
leghauy, 49 miles N E of Pittfburg. It is
navigable for boats, and there is a portage
tof iS miles between it and the Frankflown
bra ich of Juniata river.
Canentes, Las, a city of La Plata or Par-
aguay, in S. America, in .the diocefe of
Buenos Ayres.
Conejleo, a N w.eftem branch of Tioga R.
in N. York. See Cankodeo Creek.
Conejloga, a townfliip in liancafter co.
Pennfylvania, has 1271 inhabitants.
Concfiit, a fmall lake in the GcnelTee
country, N. York, which fends its waters
K W to GenefTee river.
Coitfraree, a confiderable river of S. Caro-
lina, formed by the confluence of Saluda
and Broad rivers. The union of the wa-
ters of Congarc and Wateree, form the
Santce.
ConhcSion Creek, in N. York, is the north-
ern hend water of Tioga R. Near iu
mouth is the town of Bath.
Conneffici't, one of the United States of
N. America called by the ancient natives
fl-nwiiihirciit, is fituatcd between 41 and 41
2 N lat. and between 71 ao and 73 15 W
Ion. Irs grearcft breadth is 72 mileii, its
length 100 rri,("i ; bounded N by MafTa-
chuletts ; E bj Rhode I. S by the found
which divides it from Long I. and W tf
the ftute of N. York. This flatc contains
about 4674 fquare miles ; equal to about
1,640,000 acres. It is divided into 8 coun-
ties, viz. Fairfield, New Haven, Middle-
fcx and H. London, which extend along
the (bund from W to E. UtchfieU, Hart-
ford, Tolland, and Windham, extend in
the fame diredion on the border of the
ftate of MaiTachufctts. The counties are
divided and fubdivided into townlhips
and pariilics ; in each of which is one or
mere places of public worfli p, and
fchool houfes at convenient diftances.
The nuniber of townfliips is about too.
Each townfliip is a corporation invefled
with powers fufficient for their own in-
ternal rogul-ition. The number of repre-
fcntativos isfometimes i8o;but;nore com-
monly about 160; a number fully adequate
to legiHate for a wife and virtuous people^
well informed and jealous of their rights t
and whofe external circumflances approach
nearer to equality than thofe, perhaps, of
any other peop'ein a Qate.of civilization,
in the world. The principal rivers iti
this date are, Conneiflicut, Houfatonick,
the Thames, and their branches, which*
with fuch others as are wor: hy of notice*
will be defcribed under their refpedUve
names. The whole of the fea coalt is in-
dented with harbours, many of which are
fafe and commodious ; thofe of N. London
and N. Haven are the moft impqftant^
This ftate fends 7 rcprefentatives to Con-
grefs. Connedlicut, though fubje<St to tli*
extremes of heat and cold, in their feafons,
and to frequent fudden changes, i« very
healthful. It is generally broken land*
made up of mountains of moderate height,
hills and vallies ; and is exceedingly well
watered. Some fmall parts of it are'rti^n
and barren. Its principal produ<5ki6ris are
Indian corn, rye, wheat in many parts of
the ftate, oats, and barley ,wliich are hea-
vy and good, and of late, buck wheat ; flax
in large quantities ; fomc hemp, potatoes
of feveral kiuus, pumpkins, turnips, peas,
beans, &c. &c. Fruits of all kinds which
are common to the climate. The foil is
very wcU calculated for pafturage and
mowing, which enables the farmers to feed
large numbers of neat cattle and hor*"?*.
The trade of Connecticut is principally
with the W India illands, and is carried
on in veflcls fiom 60 to 140 tons. The
exports confiu of horfes, mules, oxen, oak
ftaves, hoops, pine boards, oak planks,
beans, Indian corn, fifl-., beef, pork, &c.
Horfes, live cattle, and lumber, are per-
mitted
CON
corr
mitted In the *Duf ch, ifli, and French
ports. A large number jf coafting vcllcls
are employed in carrying the produce of
the Aate to other ftate*. 'i'o Rhode I.
MalTachufcttt and N. Hnmpniirc, they
carry pork, wheat, corn and ry». To N.
and S. Carolina, andGeorgia,hatter,cheefc,
lalted beef, cyder, applet, potatoos, hay,
ttx. and receive in return, rice indigo and
money. But as N. Yovk h nearer, ai d the
fiate of the mrtrkets always well known,
much of the produce of Connedlicut, ef-
pecially of the wcftcrn parts, is carried
there ; particularly pot and pearl aHics,
flaxfced, beef, pork, chcefe and butter, in
large quantities. Mod of the produce of
Cpnnedlicut river from the parts of Maf-
fachufctts, N. Hampfliire and Vermont, at
well as of Conneil^icut, which are adjacent,
goes to the feme market. Confiderable
quantitiei of the produce of the er.Qcrn
parts of tiie (late, are marketed at Boflon,
Providence, and Norwich. The value of
the whole exported produce and commod-
ities from this ftate, before the year 1774,
was then edimated at about ^C^oo.ooo
hwful money, annually. In the year end-
ing Sept 30, 1791, the amount of foreign
exports was 7io,.740 dollars, be(ide articles
carried to diflfercnt parts of the U. S. to
ft great amount. In the year 1792,749,925
dolls, in the year 1793, 770,2.19- dolls, in
the year 1794, 8':;6,746 dolls, and in the
year 1801, 1,606,809 dolls. This ftate
o\vns and employs in the foreign and
coafting trade, 32,867 tons of fliipping.
The farmers in ConneiSticut, and their
famih'es, are moftly clothed in plain, de-
cent, homefpun cloth. Their linens and
woollens, are manufadhired in the family
way ; and although they are generally of
a coarfer kind, they are of a flronger tex-
Uire and' much more durable than thofe
nnported from France and Great Britain.
Many of their cloths are fine ^nd hanrU
fome. Here are- large orchards of mul-
berry trees ; and filk worms have been
reared fo fuccefsfully, as to proniife, not
•nly a fupply of filk to^the inhabitants,
but a furpluffage for exportation. In N.
Haven, are linen and button manufa<f>o-
ries. In Hartford, a woollen manufadlo-
ry has been eftablifhed ; likewife glafs
works, a fnuflT and powder mill, iron
works, and a flitting mill. Iron works are
eftablidied alfo at Salifbury, Norwich, and
•ther parts of the 'date. At Stafi<)rd is
a, furnace at which are made large quan-
tities of hollow ware, and other ironmon-
frry, fuffici«nt f fupply tha whok date.
?apcr IS manufafturcd at Norwich, ?fsrV
ford, N. Haven, and ia Litchfield county.
Ironmongery, hats, candle^i, leather, fliuea*
and hoots, uie manufadtured In this date.
A duck mituufadtory Itas been ed.ihlillicd
at Stratford. The d.ite ot C'onnetSkicut i»
laid out in imall farms, from 50 :o 300 and
400 acres- each, which are held by the
farmers in fee fimple ; and are generally
well cultivated. The d.ite is chcquereJt
with innumerable roadsur highways erod-
ing each other in every djre<5lion A
traveller in any cf thele roads, even in
the mod unfettled parts of the date, will
fcldom pafs more than half a mile or n
mile without finding a houfc, and a farm
under fuch improvements, as to afford the
necelHirics for the liipport of a familv.
The whole dat? rciemblcs a well culti-
vated garden, winch, with that degree of
indiidry that is necoflary to happinefj,
produces the necelVarics and convenience*,
of life in great plenty. The inhabitant*
are almod entirely of Englifh defcent.
There are no Dutch, French, or German,,
and very few Scotch or Irifli people, in
any part of the date. The original dock
from which have fprung a.l the prefent
inhabitants of Connc<£lieut, and the nu-
merous emigrants from the fhitc, to every.
part of the U. States, conllfted of 3C00
fouls, who fettled in the towns of Hart-
ford, N Haven, WindCor, Guilford, Mil-
ford and Weathersfield, about the yca:>
1635 and 1636. In 1756, the population
eftlie dat^ amounted to 130,611 fouls; la
1774, to I97,'<5j6 ; in 1782, to 302,877
whites, and 6273 Indians and negroes ; iji
1790, to 237,946 perfons, of whom 2764
were (laves: in 1800, to 251,002, 951-:
being (laves. The people of Connetf^icut
are remarkably fond of having all their
difputes, even thofe of tlie mod trivial
kind, fettled according to law. The prev-
alence of this lit-.gious f'pirit, afP rds em-
ployment and I'upport for a numerous.
body of lawyers. That patty fpirit, hovv.i
ever, which is the bane of political happi-
nefs, has not r.nncd with fuch violence la
this date, as in Maffachufetts and Rhode I.
Public proceedings ha\ j been conducHed
generally with much calmnera :ind candor.
I'he people are well informed as to thcif
rights, and judicious in fecuring them. Po-
litical tranquillity and luianimity follow.
All religions, that are coi.'ftcnt with ths
peace of focicty, arc tolerated in Connec-
ticut ; liberality and catholicifm pievai!.
There arc very few rollj^ious I'cdls in tlu*
date. The bulk vf t!ic people are Corl^•
jrcs-tionaliits.
1;
• I'vf
I'll.'*
m
> '■ ■ 1
.;?- ^■"
Ml ,
i 'I
m
tm.
v'-m
? :
i;
tOti
^egationalifti. Bofide thcfe, there ar?
J':pilropati»nB and BaptUb. The clergjr of
thia ftate are a refpe<^tmble body of learn-
ed and ferioui men, enjoying a happy and
ufeful fliare of influence among their peo-
ple, efpeeially of late, fincc the revivals of
religion through a great part of the (late.
The damage fuftained by thi» (tate in the
late war, was cftimnted at £46i,»35-i6-i.
To compenfute the fu(fercrt, the Ocneral
Cmirtjin May 1 79t,grantod them 500,000
acres of the weftern part of the referved
lands of Counedticut, which lie W of Penn-
fylvania. There are a great number of
■very plcafant towns, both maritime and
inland, in Connedlicut. It contains five
cities, incorporated with extenlive jurif-
diiSkion in civil caufrs. Two of thcfe,
Hartford and N. Hiv(,>r, are capitals of the
. Hate. The general ai'i.mbly is holden at
the former in May, au-l at th<i latter in
0«Slober, annually. The other cities are
Jlew London, Norwich, and Middleton.
Weathersficld,\Vindfor,Fnrmington4-.itch-
f;cld,Milford,.Stratford,FairliGld,Guilford,
Stamford, Windham, Sutfieid, and Enfield,
are all conflderable and very pleafant
towns. Every town in the ftate is divid-
ed into difh-icts, and each diflridt has a
public fchool kept in it at a greater or Icfs
pait o ' ci'ery year. Somewhat more than
One third of tlie monies arifing from a tax
•n the polls and rateable edate of the in-
habitants, is appropriated to the fupport
4>f fchools in the feveral tcwns, for the ed-
ucation of children and youth. The law
^redts that a grammar fchool fliall be
i:ept in every county town throughout
the (late. Yale College is an eminent fem-
inary of learning, and was founded in the
J ear 1 700, Sec Talf Co/!fgr. Academics
ave been cftablifhed at Greenfield, Plain-
Seld, Norwich, Windham, and Pomfret,
fomo of which are flourifliing. The con-
ftitution of ConneiSlidut is founded on their
eharter, v.'hicli was granted by Ciiarles II.
{n i66a, ?v.d on a law of the flate. Con-
tented with this form of government, the
people have not been difpofed to run the
hazard of framing a new conftitution
fince the declaration of independence.
Agreeably to this charter, the fupreme
legillative authority of the (late is veded
in a governor, deputy governor, twelve
affidants or counfellors, and the reprefen-
tatives of tlie people, (lyled tlie General
AfTembly. The governor, deputy gov-
ernor and afllflanti are annually chofen
by the freemen in the month of Mav.
The reprefontativcs (their number not ex-
CON
reed two from etch town) are chofen bJT
the freemen twice a year, to attend th^
two annual fefiions on the fecond TueT-
days of May and Odlober. The Gene-
ral AfTembly is divided into two branchet
called the upper and lower houfcs. The
upper houfe is compofed of the governor,
deputy governor and adidants The low-
er houfe of the reprefentatives of the pe(>
pie. No law can pafs without the con-
currence of both houfei. Gonnedticut hal
ever made rapid advances in population.
There have been more emigrations from
this, than from any of the other dates ;
and yet is it full of inhabitants. This in*
crcafe may be afcribed to feveral caufes.
The bulk of the inhabitants are indudri-
ous, fagacious hulbandmen. Their farnie
furnifli them With all the necefTaries, inoft
of the conveniencies, and but few of the
luxuries of life. They, of courfe, mud b«
generally temperate, and if they choofcs,
can fublld with as much independenc*
as is confident with happinefs. The fub-
fiidcnce of the farmer is fubdantial, and
does not depend on incidental circum-
dances, like that of mod other profedionsk
There is nO ni^ceiTity of ferving an appren-
tice(hip to the bufinefs, nor of a large
dock of money to commence it to advan-
tage. Farmers, who deal much in barter^
have lefs need of money than any other
clafs of people. The eafe with which a
cbmfortable fubfldence is obtained, in>
duces the hufbandman lo marry young.
The cultivation of his farm makes him
drong and healthful. He toils cheerfully
through the day ; eats the fruit of hi*
own labour with a gladfome heart ; at
night devoutly thanks his bounteous God
for his daily bleillngs ; retires to red, and
his fleep is fweet. Such circumdances as
thefe have greatly contributed to the a-
mazing increafe of inhabitants in thii
date. Property is equally enough divid-
ed, and mud continue to be fo, as long a*
edatcs defcend as they now do. To vote
for legiflators aperfon mud take the free-
man's oath. No perfon is allowed to take
this oath till he is approved by the feledt-
men of the town, and tWo judicts of the
peace, as a man of peaceable behaviour,
and good moral charaAer, and alfo that he
pofTefles a freehold edate of 40 fliillings,
or a perlbnal eftate oi £40. Hence there
is never fuch a lo* mob at eledlicns here
as in fome neighbouring dates. He who
has the mod therit, cot he who has the
mod money, is generally chofen into pub-
lic odice. As iudances of this, it is to b*
vbferved,
COM
CON
j^tjferved, tlut many of the citlzeni of
ConncAlcut, from the humble walks of
life, have arifcn to the fird officer in the
Aatu, and filled them with dignity and
reputation. That bafe l)ufinef8 ol ele(5lion-
«ering, which is fo diredWy calculated to
introduce wicked and defigning men into
oflicc, 18 yet but little known in Connidli-
cut. \ man who wiflics to be chofen in-
to ofTu e, a(£l» wifely, for that end, when
he keeps his defircs to himfclf. A third
for learning prevails among all ranks of
people in the flatc More of the young
men in Conrieifticut, in proportion to their
numbers, receive a public education, than
in any of the ftates. The revolution,
which fo eflentially afTeeled the govern-
ment of moft of the colonics, pi oduced no
Very perceptible alteration in the govern-
ment of Conne<n:icut While under the
jurifditStion of Great Britain, they cledled
their own governors, and all fubordinate
civil officers, and made their own laws, in
the fame manner, and with as little control
as they now do. Connctflicut has ever
been a republic ; and perhaps as per-
fcdl and as happy a republic as ever
cxided. While other ftates, more mo-
narchical in their government and man-
ners, have been under a neceflity of un-
dertaking the difficult taik of altering their
Bid, or forming new conftitutions, and of
changing their monarchical for republi-
can manners, Connedlicut has uninter-
ruptedly proceeded in her old track, both
as to government and manners ; and, by
thefe means, has avoided thofe convulfions
which have rent other ftatcs into violent
parties. The prefent territory of Con-
nedticut, at the time of the firft arrival of
the Englifli, was pofTefled by the Pequot,
the Mohegan, Podunk, and many otlier
fmaller tribes of Indians. In 1774 there
Were of the defcendants of the ancient
natives, only i.'?6,i pcrfons ; the greater
part of whom lived at Mohegan, between
Norwich and New London. From the
natural decreafe of the Indians, it is im-
agined that their number in this (l.ite does
not now exceed 400. The firft qrant of
ConneAicut was made by the Plymouth
council to the Earl of Warwick, in 16,^0.
The year following the Earl afligned this
grant to Lord Say and Seal, Lord Brook,
and nine others. ' Some Indian traders fet-
tled at Windfor in i^.^.V The fame vear,
a little before the arrival of the Englifh, a
few Dutch trader* fettled at Hartford,
and the remains of the fettlement are flill
Tifible on the bank of Connadlicut R.
V'VL. I. P
In i6j4, Lonfl Say and Seal, &c. tett
over a fniatl number of men, who
built a fort at Saybrook, and made a trc»*
ty with the Pequot Indians for the landa
on Coniieirticiit R. Mr. Haynei and Mr.
Hooker left Maflachufetts bay in 16341
and fettled in Hartford. The following
year Mr. Eaton and Mr. Davenport feat*
ed theffelves at New Haven. In 1644,
the Conneiflicut adventurers purcliaf'cd of
Mr. Fenwick, agent for Lords Say and
Seal, and I^ord Brook, their right to th«
colony, for X^i6oo. Conncfticut a^d N.
Haven continued two diftind: govern-
ments for many years. At length, John
Winthrop, Efq. who had been chof-
en governor of Connetflicut, was employ-
ed to folicit a royal charter. In i66a,
Charles II. granted a charter, conftituting
the two colonicii forever one body cor-
porate and politic, by the name of " The
governor and company of Connedicut."
New Haven took the alFair ill ; but in
1665, all difficuhies were amicably ad-
jufted ; and as has been already obferved,
this charter ftill continues to be the bafi»
of their government.
ConncHicut, the mofl: confiderable river
intheeaflern part of the United States,
rifes in the highlands which feparate the
ftates of Vermont and N.Hampfliirefrom
L. Canada. It has been fur^'eycd about
25 miles beyond the 45th degree of lat. to
the head fpring of its northern branch ;
from which, to its mouth, is upwards of
.100 miles, through a thick fettled country ;
having upon its banks a great number of
the moft flourifliing and pleafant towns in
the U. States. It is from 80 to 100 rods
wide, 130 miles from its mouth. Its courfe
between Vermont and N. Humpfln're is
generally PSW, as likewife through Mafla-
chufetts, and part of Connedicut, until it
reaches the city ofMiddlcton ; after which
it runs a S S E courfe to its mouth. The
navigation of this bc.iutiful river, which,
like the Nile, fertilizes the lands through
which it runs, is much obftnit'led bv falls.
Two of thefe are between N. Hnm'pfliire
and Vermont, the firft are called the Fif-
teen mile falls. Here the river is rapid
for 20 miles. The fecond remarkable
fall is at Walpole, formerly called tJie
Great Fall, but now named Bellows' Falls.
Above thefe, the breadth of the river is, in
fome places, ai, in other places not above
16 rods. The depth of the channel it
about a? feet ; and commonly runs full rf
water. In Sept. 179a, however, owing to
the fevere drought, the water of the river,
ic
Vi
CON
CON
I
If
It rHuI, « mlTed within the fp.ice of il feet
wide, and i\ feet deep." A large rock di-
Tidc» the ftream into two channuN, carh
about 90 feet wide. When tlic river in
low tlic caAern channel in dry, beinj;
crulTed by a folid rock ; and tlic whole
ftream falls into the wcflcm channil,
where it it controlled to the breadth ot
16 feet, and flows with afluniflting rapidi-
ty. There are fcvcral pitches, one aliove
another, in the length of hiilf a mile ; the
largeft of which i» that where the rock dl-
ridcs the flrcani. y* t»ridge of timber was
projedeJ over this fall, by Col. Hale, in
the year 1784, ,365 feet long, and fupport-
ed in the middle bv the illand rock ; un-
der which tiie highcft lloods pafs without
injuring it. It connckflii W.ilpolc in New
Hamplhirc,with Rockingham in Vermont.
Notwiihftanding the velocity of the cur-
rent at Bellows' Falls above dcfcribcd.the
falmon pafs up the river, and are taken
many miles above ; but the ih.id proceed
no farther. On the deep fides of the ill-
and rock, at the fall, hang feveral arm
chairii, fecurcd by a counterpoifc ; in thcfc
the filherincn fit to catch falmon with
fiHiing nets. In the courfe of the river
through Mad'achufetts, arc the falls at
South Hadlcy, around which, locks aud
canals were completed in 1795, by an en-
terprifmg company, incorporated for that
purpofe in 179*, by the Icgiilature of
Maflachufetts. In ConneifVicut the river
is obflrutfled by falls at Enfield ; to render
which navigable in boats, a company has
been incorporated, and a fum of money
raifed by lottery, but nothing efFedhiat is
yet done. The average defcent of this
river from Weathersfield in Vermont, 150
miles from its mouth, is two feet to a mile,
according to the barometrical obferva-
tions of J. Winthrop, Efq. made in 1786.
Theriversor flreams which fall into Con-
nedlicut R. are numerous ; fuch of them
as are wocthy of notice will be I'een under
their refpedlive names. At it* mouth is a
bar of fand which confiderably obflruo^s
the navigation ; it has to feet water on it
at full tides, and the fame depth to Mid-
dleton, from which the bar is 36 miles dif-
tant. Above Middleton, there are flioals
which have only 6 feet water at high
tide ; and here the tide ebbs and flows but
about 8 inches. Three miles above that
city, the river is contraifted to about 40
rods in breadth, by two high mountains.
On almoft every other part of the river
the banks are low, and fpread into fine
fKtmfive meadows. la the fpring fbodi,
win'ch j'cnerally happen in May, the%
meadows are coveretl with water. At
Hartford, the water fomctimes fifes lofeet
above the coniu)(>n i'urface of the river,
and the water huvi ig no other oiulet,
but the al'oveineiitioned flrait it it
fomctimes i or 3 weeks before it returnt
to its ulual bed. Thcfc floods add noth-
ing to the depth of water on the bar at the
mouth of the river, as the bar lies too far
oil' in the found to be affeded by them.
This river is navigable to Hartford city,
upwards of 50 miles from its mouth ; and
the produce of the country for aoo milet
above it is brought thither. iu Imats The
boats which are ufed in this bulincfs are
flat bottomed, long and narrow, and of fo
light a make as to be portable in carts.
Before the conftrui^ion of locks and canals
on this river, they were taken out at 3 dif-
ferent carrying places, all of which made
15 mites It is expedled that in a few
years the obflrudlions will be all removed.
Sturgeon, falmon, and fliad, are caught in
plenty in their I'eafon, from the mouth of
the river upwards, excepting Aurgeon,
which do not afcend the upper falls ; be-
ftde a variety of fmall fiili, fuch as pike,
carp, perch, &c. There is yet a ftrong
expectation of opening a communication
between this river and the Merrimack,
through Sugar R. which runs into the Con-
netflicut at Claremont in N. Hampfliire,
and the Contoocook, which falls into the
Merrimack at Bofcawen, From this river
were employed in 1 789, three brigs, of 1 80
tons each, m the European trade ; and
about 60 fail, from 60 to 150 tons, in the
W. India trade, befide a few fifhermen,
and 40 or 50 coafting veflels. The number
has confidcrably increafed fince.
Cnnntffrcut, a ftream in l^ng Illand, N.
York, which falls into a bay at the S fide
of the iilanif. It lies 2 miles to the foutk-
ward of Rockonkama pond.
ConncSlic-it, Netv, in the State of Ohiov
See Trumbull co.
Conncllfville, a poft town, Fayette C9.
Pennfylvania, on Youghiogany river, aao
miles from Wafliington. It is the (liire
town of the co. Half a mile below the
town are % forges, and a merchant mill,
and various other mills. The inhabitants
are Friends, BaptiAsandMethodifU. Their
meeting houfe is below the town. Thii
is the head of navigation.
Continental f^r/liifre, was fituated On Hud-
fon R. in N. York Aate. Before its def-
ArudWonbySirHcnryClinton,inOdl:.i777,
there were here barracks for 2000 men.
^ Convtrfiitiwi
I
coo
coo
t*Hw/jlUn faint, a head land on the
B Ade of a bay on the coaft of California.
N iat. .1130, W Ion. 119.
Camvay, a townfhip in the province nf
N. Brunfwicic, Sudbury co.on the W bank
of St. John's R. h hat the bay of luiuly
on the fi, and at the wcAcriiniuft point ut
the towndiip there is a pretty good liar-
bour called MulquaHi cove.
CoMtvay, a townfliip in the N E corner
ef StraflTurd co. N. >lampnure, on a bcnil
n Saco river, incorporated in 1765, and
contains 705 inhabitants. It was colled
J'igwaelel by the Indian*.
Conway, a thriving townfliip in Hamp-
fliire CO. Maflachufetts, incorponited 111
1767, and contains aoi8 iniubitants, 13
miles N W of Northampton.
Coitya, a river in Surinam, or Dutch
Guiana, S. America.
Cooloomi, an Indian town on the W fide
•f Talapooi'e R. a branch of the- Mobile.
Caoi'j R. or Inlet, on the N W coall ut
America, difcovered by C'apt. Cook.wlio
traverfed it aio miles from its entrance,
and concluded it a channel through which
a N W paflage might ultini.ucly be dil'cov-
«red. Capt. Vancouver, in the fpring 'f
1794, explored this celebrated river,
which commences in N lat. 59 10, W Ion.
from Greenwich 151, and after afcend-
ing it as high as lat. 61 19 N, W loo. 148
45, found its termination. It ieof courCe
no longer confidered as a river, but only
an Inlet, or a long and narrow arm of the
fca, extending from S W to N E, between
he latitudes abovemcntioned. Its banks
are inhabited by fomc Ruilians and in-
dians of a very humane charaiSler. Of a
number, to whom Capt Vancouver, fliew-
ed kindnefs, he gives thcfollowingaccount.
** They departed fliewiMg a very high
fenfe of gratitude for the knidncfs and at-
tention with which they had been treat-
ed. WhilQ on board tliey had behaved
with a degree of modefty and decorum
rarely found amougfl men in a fai moie
civilized (late ; and notwithfl;anding they
had been conftantly expofcd to tempta-
tions by articles lying in their way, which
were of the nioft valuable nature in their
eflimation, not the moft trifling thing was
inifled, nor did their honefly in any re-
fpei5t fulFer the lead impeachment. They
rcpofed the utmod confidence in our in-
tegrity, and confidered themfelvcs as
much at home in our fociety as if we had
long been their mod intimate friends.
In iTiort, if the condudt they exhibited
iiuring the time they pafl'ed with us is to
be received at their general natiantl char*
aClcr, it indicates tnem to be a people
unuduutcd, by ambitioni jcalouly, or av-
arice, the pallions which lo ftron^ly ope-
ratcon the human fueciesitoproduceacon*
Ihint dread and variance with each ()ther«
and fbmulatc to adit of opprelUon, vio-
lence and rapacity, as well on their near-
etl neighbours, as the moft didant ftran-
gtrs." " Many of the natives were feen
about their habitations as our party palT-
I'd ;Uong the bay, and where they had occi-
fion to land, fon»e of thei'e good people ob-
fcrving tl- the boats were prevented, by
the flioaU, from reaching the fliore, they
rudiud into the water, notwithdanding
the weather was very cold and iinpleal'ant,
and oflcrcd kheir friendly allidance to
land our gentlemen, by carrying them
through the witer ; which acceptable fer-
vice, they not only performed with the
greatcd care and attention, but made
llieir new vifuors fome trivial prcfcnts ;
which were recompenfcd by returns higii-
ly fatisfadlory to them."
Cooihoiife, on the Cookquago branch of
Delaware R. is fituated in the townfliip
of Colchefter, N. York, ncai the PennfjU
pvania line.
Cooprrs IJland, One of tiie lefler virgin
Ifles in the W Indies, fituated S W of Gin-
ger innnd,and uninhabited. It is 5 miles
long, and i broad. N lat. 18 5, W Ion.
6a J 7-
and navigable river
V ters with Afiilcy R.
city in S. Carolin.i.
Thele form a fpacious and convenient
harbour, which communicates with the
ocean, jud below .''uliivan's Ifland, which
it leaves on the N, 7 miles S E of the city.
In thefe rivers tbc tide rifes 6^ feet.
Cooper R. is a mile wide at the ferry, 9
miles above Charledon. A canal from
the hc.id of this river to Santee opens a
communication between Charledun and
the interior country.
Cooperi Tiiivn, a pod town and town-
fliip, in Otfcgo CO. N. York, and is the
conip.idt part of the townfliip of Otfego,
and the chief town of the co. It is pleaf-
antly iituatcd at the S W end of the lake,
on its banks, and thofe of its outlet ; 75
m'les W of Albany. Hiie are a court
bouXe, gaol, and academy. It is rapidly
increafing, and built in regular fquares.
N lat. 4i 44, W Ion. 74 48.
Cooper] Ferry, in Gloccder co.N. Jerfey ;
a pod office is kept here, i ]9 miles N £
from Wsdhingtoa.
C»oper\
Cooper, a large
which mingles its '•
below Charledon
,; I -
■:/■•!■
■ t If
M
It
coo
COP
in
!'■ 'I
tfptt^s., a village in York co. Pennfyl-
Tania, on the W bank of Sufquehanna,
on the Maryland line. This place, in
1785, was a wilderntfs, Nine years after,
it contained 1800 inhabitants ; a !argu
and handfome church, with a fteeple ; a
market houfe and a bettering houle ; a
library of laoo volumes, and an academy
of 64 fcholarg. Four hundred and feven-
ty pipes were laid under ground, for the
purpofe of bringing water from W. Moun-
tain, aod conduiSting it to every houfe in
town.
Coop^t Town, in Harford co. Maryland,
lies 12 miles N W of Harford, and 24 N
N E of Baltimore.
Coos, or Coios, the places called Upper
and Lonuer Coos, lie on Conncflicut R.
one .^5, the other 75 miles above Dart-
mouth college. Upper Coos is the coun-
try S of Upper Amonoofuck R. on John
and Ifracl Rivers. Lower Coos is in the
towns of Haverhill and Newbury, S of the
Lower Amonoofuck. The diilance from
Upper Coos, to the tide in Kcnnebeck R.
was meafured in 1793, and was found to
be hut 90 miles.
Coofadei, an Indian town on Alabama R^
about 6omiles above its mouth, on Mobile
R. below iVlcGill'vray's town, and oppo-
fite the mouth of the Oakfulkee
Coofa Hatchet, or Coofaiv, a river of S.
Cirolina, which rifes in Orangeburg dif-
tridt, and running a S S \V courfe, emp-
ties into Broad R. and Wliale Branch,
whicb-feparate Beaufort ifland from the
main land.
Cuofa,3. river of S. Carolina. See Broad R.
'■ Coo/a, or Coofa Hatcha,^ river which rifcs
in the high l.tnds of the Cherokces' coun-
try, and joining Tallapoofc, forms Ala-
bama R. Its courfe is generally .S, run-
ning through the country of the Natchez,
and other tribes of the Upper Creeks, the
roughed and mofl broken of the wliole
nation. It is rapid, and full of rocks and
ilioals, hardly navigable for canoes.
Coafa-watchie, or Cer/nfjuhhre, a poll town
in Beaufort diflridl, S. Carolina, fituated
on the S W fide of Coofa R. over which
a bridge has been lately ercifled. It is a
flourifliing place, having about 40houie9,
a court houle and gaol. The courts for-
merly held at Beaufort, are held here. It
is 33 miles from Beaufort, and 77 W S W
of Charlefton.
Cootfiotvn,A port town in Berks co. Penn-
fylvania.-is fituated on a branch of Sau-
hoca creek, a branch of the Schuylkill R.
It contains 40 houlcs, aa4 »■ German Lu-
theran and Calvinifl church united. It is
X7 miles N N E of Reading, and 73 N W
by N of Philadelphia.
Cop'iapo, an open town in the bifhopric
of St. Jago, or Chili Proper, in 8. Amer-
ica, f-imous for its mines of iron, brafs, tin,
and lead ; which, however, arc not work-
ed. The gold mines have drawn about
900 people here. There are alio great
quantities of loadflone, and lapis lazuli,
14 or 15 leagues diflatit ; where there
are alfo feve rat lead mines. On the high
mountains of the Cordillera, 40 leagued
V. S E from the port, are mines of the
fined; fulphur, not needing to be cieanfed,
and which fells for 3 pieces of eight a
quintal, at the port, from whence it ig
carried to Lima. Frelh water is very
fcarcc. Salt pctre is found in the vale an
inch thick on the ground. Between thife
and Coquimbo is no town or village, only
3 or 4 farms. Lat. 25 10 S, Ion. 75 14 W.
Copper Mine, a large river of New Brit-
ain, reckoned to be the mofl northern in
N. America. Taking a northerly courfe
it falls into the fea in lat. 72 N, and about
119 W Ion. from Greenwich. The ac-
counts brought by the Indians of this tivct
to the Britifli ports in Hudfon bay, and
the fpecimeiis of copper produced by
them, induced Mr. Hearnc to fet out from
Fort Prince of Wales, in Dee. 1770. on a
journey of difcovery ^e reached the
river at 40 miles diflance from the fea,
and found It all the way incumbered
with flioals and falls, and emptying itfelf
into it over a dry flat of the fliore, the
tide being then out, which feemed by the
edges of the ice to rife about 12 or 14
feet. This rife, on account of the falls,
will carry it but a very fmall way within
the river's mouth ; fo that the water in
it has iiot the lealt brackifli tafle. Mr.
Hearnc had the mofl extenlive view ot
the fea, which bore N W by W and N E,
when he was about 8 miles up the river.
The fea at the river's mouth, was full of
iflands and flioals ; but the ice wa* only
thawed away about ^ths of a mile from
the fliore, on the 17th of July. The Ef-
quimaux had a quantity of whale bone
and feal fkins at their tents on the fliore.
The river is full of falmon ; 40 miles from
the fea it is 180 yards wide, thence to the
fea it varies from 20 to 4 or 500 yards iix
width. The gcncrnl courfe of the river
is about N by E. The banks are gener-
ally a folid :ock, each fide fo correfponda
with the other, that fome convulfion of
nature is fuppofcd to bave produced the
COR
COR
thannel. The Indians fay the river rifcs
in Large White Stone lake, 300 miles dif-
tant on a ftraight line. The Efquiinaux
Indians inhabit the fliores of this river.
Copper Mine Point, '\n the E end of lake
Superior, in U. Canada, in the vicinity of
whieh, fome year* ago, m attempt was
made to dig for copper cn»|'^illt foon after
abandoned. This place is nearly N i5^ hy
N from point Mantonce, and between it
and the moijth of the river Montreal.
Coqutmboy a town of St. Jago, or Chili
Proper, in S. America, fituated at the
lower end of the vale, hearing the fame
name, on a gently rifing ground. The riv-
er of Coquinibo gives name to the agree-
able valley through which it rolls to the
fea ; and the bay at its mouth is a very
iine one, where fhips lie fafely and com-
modiouily, though tfle coaft is rocky, fomc
iflands lying fo as to keep ofF the winds.
The town is properly called La Serenity
from the agreeablenefs of the climate ;
being continually ferene and plcafant,
The ftreets are well laid out, and there
are 5 or 6 convents ; but the houfes are
not handfome. The foil is fruitful in
corn,^ine, and oil, and the brooks bring
down quantities of gold duft after heavy
rains. Here are no gold mines, but plen-
ty of copper ; one of which, 5 leagues N
from the city on Mount Cerro Verde, or
<Qreen Hill, is high, and (liuped like a fu-
gar loaf ; fo that it may ferve as a land
tnark to the port. It lies 260 miles N of
St. Jago, and juflly boafls of one of the
fined, fituations in the world ; but the ar-
bitrary government of Spain render^ it a
place of little importance.
Coral River, in New Mexico, runs a
courfc W by S, and empties into the head
of the gulf of California, clofe by the
mouth of Collcrado river.
Coram, a port town in Suffolk co. Brook-
haven townfliip, Long I. N. York. It has
about 60 houfes, and lies 62 miles ea(l-
"ward of N. York city, and ao E of Hunt-
ington.
Curcas, or Grand Corcas,in iflandalmod
in the form of a crefcent, N of St. Do-
mingo, in the windward paflage, abouc 7
kajTues W of Turk's I. and about 20 E of
Little Inagua.or Hencagua. N lat.ai 55,
W Ion. 70 jj.
Cordillera. See Andes.
Cordova, De la imeva Andalijia, a city of
Peru, in S America, in the jurifdiiftioii of
Charcas, 80 leagues S of Santiago del lif-
|ero. Here is the Epifcopal church of
Tucumaa, willi fome monadcrics, and a
convent. It is fruitful in grain, honey,
wax, fruits, cotton, and fugar. It abouiult
with fait pits, and has luxuriant pafturet
for mules. It drives a great trade with
Buenos Ayres. The inhabitants arc Span*
iards, who arc farmers and manufa<5lurcrB
of cotton cloth, which they fend to Potofi.
S lat. 31 30, W Ion. 63 30. In Cordova,
in the Tucuman, there has been found the
greattft inft:incc of longevity fincc the
days of the patriarchs. From indifputa-
ble evidence, a ntgrcfs, named Louifa
Truxo, was alive in I'jj 4, -dgtd one hundred
and fevcnty Jive years.
Core Sound, on the coafl of N. Carolina,
lies S of, and communicate-s with, Pamlic<«.
Corientes, a cape of Mexico, or New
Spain, on the N. Pacific ocean. N lat. 21,
W Ion. 109 30. Alfo, the name of the S
weflernmoil point of the iiland of Cuba.
Corientes, Los, a fmall city within the
government of Buenos Ayres, in S. Anici-
ica, was built by the Spaniards on the
confluence of the Parana and Paraguay,
80 leagues higher than Santa Fe, on the
Rio de Plata.
Corinti, a townfliip in Orange co. Ver-
mont, W of Bradford, adjoining, rontain-
ing 1403 inhabitants.
Cori Bay, ou the E fidc of Newfoundl.ind
Idand.
Cornijh, a townfliip in Chefliire co. N.
Hamplliire, on the E hank of Coiinc(?Aicut
R. between Claremont .ind Plaintield,
about 15 miles N of Charleflown, and 16 S
of Dartmouth college. It was incoipor.it-
ed in 1763. In 1775, it contain(d 309, ia
1790, 982, and in 1800, 1268 inhabitants.
Cornijh, a town in York co. iVlainc,
bounded by Saco R. on the E, and by
Great Oflapee river on the N.
Cornville, a townfliip in Ki nnebcck co.
pn the E fide of Kennebeck R. Wefii run-
fet, or Uijcrunfcut R. runs nearly through
the center of this townfliip, which is about
4J miles N of Hallowcll,
Cornivall, a townfliip in Addifon co.
Vermont, E of Bridpori, on lake Ch;im|>-
Iain, containing 1163 inhabitants.
Cornwall, a townfliip in Orange co. N.
York, on the W hsnk of Hudfon river,
embracing a p;irt of the Highlands. 'I'lic
fortiefs of IVijl I'oir.t is in this townfliip.
It has 1648 inhabilanls.
Cornivall, a poll town in Litchfield ro.
C'Minecliciit, about 9 n.iles N of Litch-
iicld, and 40 W by N of Hartford.
Corn-iL'iill, thi ioicnfuip rj', in the CO. cf
Stornu)nt,U. Cunada, is litnat<c! upon the
river St. Lawrence, near St. Fjancis lake,
and
11
-•Iriii
m
m
, ■ \
COT
COU
and the tliird townfhip in afcendiiig the
river. It has a finall cliurch, and 30 or
40 houfcs.
Cornwallis, a town in King's co. in the
province of N. Brunfwick, on the S W
fide of the Bafin of Minas ; 18 miles N W
(of Falmouth, and 55 N W of Annapolis.
A\io a river in the lame province, navi-
gable for vefl'els of 100 tons 5 miles ; for
velTcIs of JO tons 10 miles.
Coro, a town of S. America, in Terra
Firma, at the bottom of the gulf of Ve-
nezuela, 60 miles W of La Guaira. N
lat. II, W Ion. 70.
Coropa, a province of S. America, fitu-
9ted between the tivcr Amazon and the
lake Parime.
Cortlandt, a townfliip in the northern
part of W. Chefter co on the E bank of
Hudfon river, N. York, contahiing 2752
inhabitants, k lies between Croton and
Peekfkill rivers. The village of Peekfkill
is in this townfliip.
CoryeU't Ferry, Hunterdon co. N- Jcrfey,
where is a poft oliice, 180 miles N £ of
Wafliington.
Cojta Rica, or the Rich Coajl, as its name
figniiiet, is fo called from its rich mines
of gold and iilver, thofe of Tinfigal being
preferred by the Spaniards to the mines
of Potofi ; but in other refpcAs, it i*
^nountainous and barren. It is fuuated
in the audience of Guatimala, in New
Spain, bounded by the province of Vtra-
gua on the S £,and that of Nicaragua ou
the N E. It reaches from the North to
the South Sea, about 90 leagues from E to
W, and is 50 where broadeft, from N to
S. It has much the fame producStions as
its neighbouring provinces ; and in fome
places the foil is good, and it produces
cocoa. On the North Sea it has two con-
venient bays, the mofl: wefterly calfed St.
Jcrom's, and that nc<ir the frontiers of
Veragua, called Caribaco : and on the
South Sea it has feveral bays, capes, and
convenient places for ancliorage. Chief
town Nycoya.
Cotabambo, a jurifdiclion in Peru, S. A-
mcrica, fubjcdl to the bilhop of Cufco,
and lies Jo leagues S W of that city. It
abounds in grain, fruits, and cattle. Its
rich mines are now almoft exhauftcd.
Coteaux, Les, a town On the road from
Tiburon to Port baliit, on the S. fide of
the S peninfula of the ifland of .St. Do-
mingo, i;^^ leagues E by S of the former,
and 4 N W of the laticr, N lat. 18 i a
Cotopaxl, a large volcano near Lataa-
«un{o, an affiento or dependence on the
province of Quito, in Peru, 8. Amtftt,
It lies nearly under the line, yet the t. pi
of it are generally covered with ice and
fnow. It lirft fliewed itfelf in IJ53, when
SebaAian dc Belacazar firft entered thefe
countries, which eruption proved favour*
able to his enterprife, as it coincided with
a predtdlioiliiOfme Indian priefts, that the
country fhould be invaded on the burfting
of this volcano ; and accordingly it fo
happened ; for before 1559 he had fub-
dued all the country. It is 18,756 feet
above the level of the lea, and except
Chimborazo is the highcd point of the
Andes.
Cotuy, a canton and town in the Span-
illi pirt of the ifland of St. Domingo,
bounded E by the bay of Samaua, N by
the chain of mountains called Monte
Chrift, W by the teriitory of la Vega, and
S by the chain of mountains called Se-
vico. In 1505, the gold mines were
worked here. In the mountain of Mcy-
mon, whence comes the river of the fame
name, there is a copper mine, fo rich,
that when refined will produce 8 per cent.
of gold. Here are alfo found excellent
lapis lazuli, a ftrcaked chalk, that fome
painters prefer to bole for gilding ; load-
Ilone, emeralds, and iron. The iron is of
the beft quality, and might be conveyed
from the chain of Sevico by means of the
river Yuna. The foil here is excellent,
and the plantains produced here are of
fuch fupcrior quality, that this manna of
the Antilles is called at St, Domingo, Sun-
day plantains. The people cultivate
tobacco, but are chiefly employed in
breeding fwinc. The inhabitants arc
called clownilh, and of an unfociable
cliaraiSttr. The town is fituated half 9
lea;)ue from the S W bank of Yuna, which
becomes unnavigable near this place,
about I.; leagues from its mouth in the
bay of Sanianu. It contains i6o fcatteu-
ed houfis, in the middle of a little favan-
na,and lurroundcd with woods, 30 league*
nonhtrly of St. Domingo, and la S E c;f
St. Yago. N lat. 19 II, W Ion. from.
Paris 73 27,
CoWnij.a fmall iflaird in St. Lawrence
river, about 45 miles N E of Quebec.
Copniry Harbour, fo called, is about 20
leagues to the call ward of Halifax, inNy-
va .Scotia.
Cmifc.', or Cut Pointy a fliort turn in the
river Milfifippi, about 33 miles above
M^ntchac fort, at the gut of Ibberville,
and 2.59 from the mouth of the river.
Charlevoix relates that the riv«r formerly
made
cow
CR A
n in the
s above
berville,
e river,
formerly
made
made a great turn here, and fome Ca-
nadians, by deepening the channel of a
fniall brook, diverted the waters of the
river into it, in the year xjzt. The impet-
uolity of the Arcam was fuch, and the loll
of fn rich and loofe a quality.thatin afhort
time the point was entirely cut through,
and the old channel left dry, except in
inundations : by which travellers fave
14 leagues of their voyage. The new
channel has been founded with a line of
30 fathom, without finding bottom. The
Spanifli fettlements of Point Coupee ex-
tend ao miles on the W fide of the MiflTi-
ilppi,and there are fome plantations back,
and the fide of I>a Faufe Riviere, through
which the MifTifippi paflcd about 70 years
ago. The fort at Point Coupee is a fquare
figure, with four (>a(lions, built with flock-
ades. There were, fome years fince, about
aooo white inhabitants and 7000 Haves.
They cultivate Indian corn, tobacco, and
indigo ; raife vafl quantities of poultry,
which they ftnd to New Orleans. They
alfo fend to that city, fquared timber,
(laves, &C. Hutchins.
Coventry, a port town in Tolland co.
Connecticut, 20 miles E of Hartford city.
It was fettled in 1709, being purchafed
by a number of Hartford gentlemen, of
one Jofhua, an Indian. It has 2021 in-
habitants.
Coventry, in Rhode I (land, is the N caft-
crnmod townfliip in Kent co. It contains
1413 inhabitants. The town is well wa-
tered by feveral brooks which fall into
Moofufe, which runs wtfterly into Quin-
nabaug and into Patuxet, which runs eafl-
erly into Narraganfet Bay.
Coventry, a townfliip in the northern
part of N. Hamplliirc, in Grafton co. It
was incorporated in 1764, and contains
(9 inhabitantfu
Coventry, a townfliip in Orleans co. Ver-
mont. It lies in the N part, of the flate,
at the S end of Lake Memphremagog.
Black R. pafles through this town in its
courfc to Memphremagog. It had only
7 inhabitants in 1800.
Coventry, a townfliip in Chcflcr co.
Pcnnfylvania, on tlie Schuylkill, oppofite
Pottfgrovc.
Coive, is the capital town of the Chero-
kee Indians, fituated on the foot of the
hills, on both fides of the river Tenefl'ee.
Here terminates the great vale of Cowe,
exhibiting one of the moft charming, nat-
> ral, mountainous landfcapes that can be
fcen. The vale is clofed at Cowe by a
»4djc of high hilU, calkd the jfire fKur.-
faint. The town contains about too hob''
itations. In the conditution of the flats
of Tcneflce, Cowe is dcfcribed as near the
line which feparates TcnelVee from Vir-
ginia, and is divided from Old Chota, an-
other Indian town, by that part of the
Great Iron or Smoaky mountain, called
Unicoi, or Unaca mountain.
Coivetas, or Koiueiits, a town of the
Lower Creeks, in E. Florida, called the
Bloody town. [See Apalachicola toiun.'] It
lies on tiic W bank ot Chata Uche R. and
contains 280 men.
Cotv and C.ttf Pujiure Rlvert, are head
branches of Rivanua river, in Virginia.
Coivt IJland. Sec Vuche.
Cozupapure River, Virginia, a principal
branch of James River, which' fee.
Cowpens, a place fo called, in S. Caro-
lina, between Pacolct river and the head
branch of Broad river. This is the fpo6
where Gen. Morgan gained a complete
vidory over lieut. col. Tarleton, Jan. 11,
1781, having only 12 men killed and 60
wounded. 1 he Britifli had 39 comniif-
fioncd officers killed, wounded and takes
prifoncrs ; ico rank and lite killed, 200
wounded, and 500 prifoners. They left
behind, % pieces of artillery, % flandards,
8oomufket5, 35 baj^ags waggons, and
too dragoon horfes, which fell into the
hands of the Amcticaiu. The field of
battle was in an open wood.
Coxhall, tn York co. Maine. See Lyman.
Coxfakie, a townfliip in Green co. N,
York, containing 4676 inhabitants. The
landing is to miles N of Hudlbn city, oit
the oppofite fide of the river.
Coyau, a fettlement on Tenefl'ee river,
30 miles below Knoxvillc.
Crah Orcbnrd, a poll town, on Dick's
river, in Kentucky, 8 miles from Cumber-
land river, and 25 miles S E of Danville.
The road to Virginia pafles through this
place.
Crat^ Fort, Smith CO. Tcneflce ; here ia
a port oflicc, 704 miles W of Wafliington.
Cranberry, a thriving town in Middle-
fex CO. N. Jcrfcy, 9 miles E of Princeton,
and 16 S S \V of Brunfwick. It contain*
a handfonic Prefbyterian chutch, and a
variety of manufaAurcs are carried oil
by its induftrlous inhabitant*. The ftage
from N. York to Thiladelphia pafie*
tlirough Amboy, this town, and thence to
Bonler^own.
Cranhirry IJiands, on the COaft of the
diftri(fl of Maine. See Mount Defsrt J/i-
and,
Crtney, a dnall iilanu, on the 3 fide of
Jame»
f. 'i
■i'l'M
if
i';
I; (
ii!
CRt
jame» river, In Virginia, at the mouth of
Elizibeth river, and 5 miles S W of Fort
George, on Point Comfort. It commandi
the entrance of both rivers.
Cranjion, is the S E townfliip of Provi-
dence CO. Rhode Ifland, on the W bank
of Providence R. j miles S of the town of
Providence. The comiiaA part of the
town contains .50 or 60 houfcs, a Biptifl
meeting houfc, handfome fchonl houfe, a
diflillcry, and a number of faw and grift
mills, and is c.illed Pawtuxet, from the
river, on both fides of whofe mouth it
ftands, and over wiiich is a bridge, con-
ncifking the two parts of the town. It
malies a pretty appearance as you pafs it
on the river. The whole townlhip con-
t.tin% 1644 inhabitants. In the town arc
iron mines funk, to a great depth, the wa-
ter is raifed by a fleam engine. Two offi-
cers of Croni'veli's army, a Mr. Fenner,
and Mr. Scortc, fettled in this town. Their
defcend.mts are numerous.
Craven Ci. in Newbern diftriifl, N. Car-
olina, is bounded N by Pitt, and S by
Carteret and Onflow counties. Its chief
town is Newhern. It contains 7778 in-
habitants, of whom 2863 are flaves.
CrdtvforJ, a CO. of Pr'infyl vania, bound-
ed N by Erie, E by W.irrcn, and S E by
Venango, it is watered by Frencii Creek,
and contains 670,3 zo acres, and 2346
people.
Credal River, or Rlvar Credit, m I J.
Canada, difchargies itlelf into lake Onta-
rio, between tlie head of that lake and
York, in the Miflafai^a territory. It is a
great refort for thefe and other Indian
tribes, and abounds with fifli.
Cree Indians, The, inhabit W of little
lake Winnipeg, around fort Dauphin, in
U. Canada.
Creepers To-ri<», in Frederick co. Ma-
n-Hind, lies on the W fide of Monococy
R, between Owings'sand Hunting creeks,
which fall into that rivi-r ; 9 miles fouth-
<rly of Ermmtfljurgh, near the Pennfyl-
•Vania line, and about H northerly of
■ Frcdericktown.
Creels, confederated nations of India:i3.
Sec M:ifco^u'^rf. In addition to what is
faid under this article, th'j following is
from the MS. Journal of an intelligent
traveller. CooHi rivcv an.l its nnin
branches, form the veilern I'nc nf fcttle-
ments or villages of the C;-ock.i, but tiieir
hunting grounds extend loomiles i>'.'y()'id,
%ft the Tom'iighce, wliich is the dividing
line between their countrv and th't of the
Qiai^awt. The Onalieil of I heir tov.-n«
have from ao to 30 houfes in them, ana
fome of them contain from 150 to »oo,
that are wholly compaifk. The houlet
(land in clufters of 4,5,6, 7, and 8 togeth-
er, irrcgula.-ly diftributed up and dowa
the banks of the rivers or fmall dreams.
Each clufter of houfes contain a clan, or
family of relations, who eat and live in
common. Each town has a public fquare,
hot houfe and yard near the centre of it,
appropriated to various public ufes. The
following are the names of th£ principal
towns of the Upper and Lower Creeks,
that have public fquares ; beginning at
the head of the Coofa or Coola Hatcha
river, viz. Upper Ufalas, Abbacoochces,
Natchez, Coofas, Oteetoocheenas, Pine
Catchas, Poeuntullahafes, Weeokees, I.itr
tic Tallaffie.Tulkeegees, Coofadas, Alaba«
mas,Tawafas, Pawadlas, Autobas, Auho-
ba, Weelumpkees Big, Weelumpkees Lit-
tle, Wacacoys, Weckfoy, Ochees. The
following towns are in the central, inland
and high country, between the Coofa and
Tallapoofee rivevs, in the diftritSl called
the Hillabees, viz. Hillabees, Killeegko,
Oakchoys, Slakagulgas, and Wacacoys.
On the waters of the Tallapoofee, irom
the head of the .river downward, the fol-
lowing, viz. Tuckabatchee, Tehafla, To-
tacaga, N. York.Chalaacpauley.Logufpo-
gus Oakfufkee, Ufala Little, Ufala Big,
Sogahatches, Tuckaabatchees, Big Tallaf-
fee, or half way houfe, Clewaleys, Coofa-
hatches, Coolamies, .Shawanefe or Sava-
nas, Kenhulka, and Muckelefes. The
towns of the Lower Creeks, beginning on
the head waters of the Chattahoofee, and
fo on downwards are Chelu Ninny, Chat-
tahoofee, Hohtatoga, Cowetas, Cuflitaht,
Chalagatfcaor, Broken Arrow, Euchees
fcveral, Hitchatees feveral, Palachuolo,
Chewack'da Beilde 20 towns and villages
of the Little and Big Chehaus, low down
on Flint and Chattahoofee rivers. From
their roving and imlteady manner of liv-
ing, it is impoflibie to detennine, with
much precifion, the number of Indians
that compofe the Creek nation. Gen.
M'Gillivray eftimates tlic number of g\m
men to be between 5 and 6000, exelufive
of the Semlnotcs, who arc of little or no
account in war, except as fmall parties of
marauders, at^ling independent of the gen-
eral interrfl of the others. T!>e whole
number of individuals may be about a,? or
16,000 fouls. E7ery town and village ha"!
one edablinifid white trader in it, and gen-
erally a family of whites, who have fled
from foms part of the frontiers. They
often
•flM, 1
der tha
to fenc
fettlemi
arc vzT
and are
near 4)
have hi
er forei
nation.
'ery thin
alive bj
pofll'ffio^
the nati
on them
fcrve the
ftili belie
jthc wat(
world in
country i
dividual 1
to anothe
where hi
naturally
Upper Cr
and Semir
all the wa
hatchee, a
the Abbac
triiSk inclui
tahoofee a
juniflion,
great nui
whole are
people, fro
the moll '
the whole
ern diftria
cola, and
<i3i and is c
noles. Agr
the Indian
the proper
very large
devoted to
^'aror idl
hut fmall p
cient for fi
Mais, (parti(
the Cheh.av
groes) have
cultivated :
up the grot
feedproraifc
but not in r
tie, fowls, ai
they manuf
pans, bafkf
ftnoakai
Voi,. r.
le
fcRE
CRO
•ftifl, tT hare rcvengc.and to obtain plun-
der that may be taken, ufe their influence
to fend out predatory partiej againft the
fettlements in their vicinity. The Creeks
arc very badly armed ; having few t'iUcs,
and are moflly armed with muflcets. For
near 40 years part, the Creek Indians
have had little inteicourfe with any oth-
er foreigners, but thofe of the Englifli
nation. Their prejudice in favour of ev-
ery thing Englim, has been caiefully kept
alive by tories and others to this day.
Moil of their towns have now in their
pofl'iiflion, BritlOi drum? with the arms of
the nation, and other emblems painted
on them, and foitte of their fquaws pre-
fcrve the remnants of Britlfli flags. They
ni II believe that "The Great King over
the water" is able to keep the whole
world in fubjedtion. The land of the
country is a common (lock ; and any in-
dividual may remove from one part of it
to another, and orcupy vacant ground
where he can find it. The country is
naturally divided into 3 diftricls, visi, the
Upper Creeks, Lower and Middle Creeks,
and Seminoles. The upper diftrid; includes
.ill the waters of the Tallapoofee, Coofa-
hatchee, and Alabama rivers, and is called
the Abbacoes. The Lower or Middle dif-
tvi&. includes all the waters of the Chat-
tahoofee and Flint rivers, down to their
juniElion, and although occupied by a
great number of difterent tribes, the
whole are called Cowetaulga?, or Coweta
people, from the Cowetan town and tribe,
the mofl: warlike and ancient of any in
the whole nation. The Lower or South-
ern diflritft, takes in the river Appalachi-
cola, and extends to the point of E. Flori-
da, and is called the country of the Sem-
noles. Agriculture is as far advanced with
the Indians, as it can well be, without
the proper implements of hufliandry. A
very large majority of the nation being
devoted to hunting in winter, and to
war or idlenefs in the funiincr, cultivate
but fmall parcels of ground, barely fufH-
cient for fubfiftence. B\it many individ-
uals, (particularly on Flint river, among
the Chehaws, who poflefs numbers of ne-
groes) have fenced fields, tolerably well
cultivated : having no ploughs, they break
up the ground with hoes, and fcatter the
feedproraifcuoufly over the ground in hills,
but not in rows. They raife horfes, cat-
tle, fowls, and hogs. The only articles
they manufacture are earthen pots and
pans, bafiiots, horfe ropes or liplters,
finoaked leather, black mirblc pipas,
Vol. I. Q
wooden fpoona, and oil from acorni, hick-
ory nuts, and chefnuts.
CVi-i'i.r Crojinjr Place, On Tenv'fTco river,
is about 40 miles E S £ of the mouth of
Elk R. at the Mufclc flioah, and .^6 S W
of Nickajack, in the Georgia wcilern ter-
ritory.
CreJJ'iipJhurg, a poft town of Alleghany co.
Maryland, 5 miles W of Cumberland. It
has a Methodifl church ; 155 miles from
Wafliiugton.
Creivpville, a pofl town, Goochland co.
Virginia, laj miles from Wafliington.
Crii, Big and Little. Two points on the
N. Shore onlake Superior,E of ifle Grange,
U. Canada, and furroundod by iflands ;
between thefc points is a noted and fafe
harbour.
Croix, St. a fmall navigable river in No-
va Scotia, which runs into the Avon, or
Pigiguit. See Avon.
Croix, St. a river tvhich forms part of
the boundary line between the United
States and the Britifli province of N.
Brunfwick, and empties into Paflama-
quoddy bay.
Crcix, St. a river in the N. W. territory,
which empties into the Miflifippi front
the N N E about jo miles below the falls
of St. Anthony.
Cro:::, Si. or Santa Cruz, an ifland in the
W. Indies, belonging to the king of Den-
mark, lying about 5 leagnea S E of St.
Thomas, and as far E by S of Crab ifland,
which lies on the E end of Porto Rico.
It is about 30 niiles in length, and 8 where
it is broadeil, and is rather unhealthy.
It is faid to produce 30,000 or 40,000
hhds. of fugar, annually, and other W.
India commodities in tolerable plenty.
It is in a high (late of cultivation, and haa
about ■ -)0 white inhabitants, and 30,000
flaves. i great proportion of the negroe*
of this ifland have embraced chrift'anity,
under the Moravian miflionaries, whofe
influence has been greatly promotive of
the profperity of this ifland. N lat. 17
50, W Ion. 64 30. See Danijb IV. Indiet.
Crooked IJland, one of the Bahama or
Lucayo iflands, in the W. Indies. The
middle of the ifland lies in N. lat. 23, W
Ion. 73 30.
Crooked Lake, In the Gene.Tec cotintry,
communicates in an E by N direelioa
with Seneca lake.
Crooked Lahe, one of the chain of fijiall
lakes which connetfls the lake of the
Woous with lake Superior, on the boun-
dary line between tbeU. States and Uppflr
Canada, remarkable for its rugged chSi,
in
CRO
CRO
I, ::%
r «
m;
in erncirs of wliich arc a number of ar-
rows Aicking.
Crooked R. ill Camdon co. Georgia, citip-
liea into the fea oppofitc Cumberland ifl-
anJ, 12 or 1.4 miles N from the mouth
of St. Mary's. Its banks are well timber-
ed, and its courfe is E by N.
Crooted R. 3 ftream about 40 miles in
length, in Cumberland co. Maine. Its
■fource is in the plantation of Oxford or
No. s, near the foutherly line of Bethel
in York co. and paflts an irregular N eai'l-
erly courfe through Oxford. Watcrford,
the S wefterly corner of Norway, and
through Otisficldaud the S wefterly cor-
ner of Raymond, where it is joined by a
imall ftream wlxich iiliics out of Brandy
Pond, lying partly in Otisfield and partly
In Raymond, and in this union flow into
the Gi eat Sebakook pond. In this ftream
there is a great pleiyy of trout of an un-
cow.ion lize, weighing from 3 to 14
!bs. fome have been caught of 17 lbs.
weight. IVdlcott.
Crofs Cape, in Upper Canada, proje^Ss
from the N E fide of St. Mary's river, at
the cutlet of lake Superior, oppofite the
falls, ia N lat. 46 30, W Ion. 84 50.
Crofs Creek, 3. townfhip in Wafbington
CO. Pennfylvania,betweenSmithand^ope-
vrell on the Virginia line. It hat 1677
inhabitants.
Cro/i Creeks. See Fayettev'ille.
Crofs Kfys, a poft town Eflex co. Virgin-
ia, aao miles from Walliington.
Crofs Roads, the name of a place in N.
Carolina, near Duplin court houfe, 23
miles from Sampfon court houfe, and 43
from South Wafliington.
Crrfs Roads, a village in Kent co. Mary-
land, 2 miles S of Georgetown,on Saflafras
R. and is thus named from 4 roads which
meet and crofs each other in the village.
Crofs Roads, a village in cheftcr co.
N. London tonnfliip. Pennfylvania,
where 6 different roads meet. It 1*27
miles S E Of Lancafter ; n N by W of
Klktoii, in Maryland, and about 18 W N
W of Wibnington in Delaware.
Crojpivicks, a village in Burlington co.
N. Jerfey ; through which the hnc of
ftages paflis from N. York to Philadel-
!>hia. It has a refpedtable Quaker meet-
ng houfe ;<4 miles S W of Allen Town, 8
S E of Trenton, and 14 S W of Burling-
ton^
Crotcn i?. a N eaftern water of Hudfon
R. rifes in the town of New Fairfield, in
ConneiSlicut, and running through Dutch-
•b e«. empties into Tappao bay. Croton
bridge is thrown over this river % mile*
from its mouth, on the great road to AU
bany. This is a fulid fubftantial bridge^
1400 feet long, the road narrow, piercing
through a flute hill. It is fupportcd by
16 ilonc pillars. Here is an admirable
view of Croton Falls, where the water
precipitates itftif between 60 and 70 feet
perptudicular ; high flate banks, in fome
places 100 feet ; the rivqr fpreading into
three ftrcams, as it enters the Hudfon.
Croiv Greek, falls into the 'IVneiFec, from
the N W, oppolitc the Crow Town, 15
miles below Nickajack Town.
CroivljiiJ Townfiip, in the county of
Lincoln, U. Canada, lies W of Willough'^y,
and is watered by the Wclland.
Crown Point, a poft town in Efl"ex co.
N. York, fo called from the celebrated
fortrcfs, which is in it, and which was gar-
rifoaed by Britifli troops, from the time
of its redudlion by Gen. Amherft, in 1759,
till the late revolution. It Was taken by
the Americans the i-ith of May, 1775,
and retaken by the Britilh the year after.
The point upon which it was credled,by
the French in 1731, extends N into lake
Champlain. It was called Krt:yn Punt, or
Scalp Point, by the Dutch, and by the
French, Pointe a la C/jevelenrt. The for-
trefs they named Fort St. Frederick. Af-
ter it was repaired by the Britifli, it was
the moft regular and expenlive of any
conftrudled by them in America. The
walls are of wood and earth, about 16
feet high, and about ao feet thick, nearly
130 yards fquare, and furrounded by a
deep and broad ditch, dug out of the folid
rock. The only gate opened on the N,
towards the lake, where was a draw bridge
and a covert way, to fecure a communi-
cation with the waters of the lake, in cafe
of a fiege. On the right and left, as you
enter the fort, is a row of ftonc barracks,
not inelegantly built, which are capable
of containing 2000 troops. There were
formerly fcvcral out works, which are
now in ruins, as is indeed the cafe with
the principal fort, except the walls of the
barracks. The famous fortification called
Ticonderoga is 15 miles S of this ; but
that fortrefs is alfo lb much demoliftied,
that a ftranger would fcarcely form an
idea of its original conftrudtion. The
town of Crown Point has no rivers ; a
few ftrcams, however, iflue from the
mountains, which anfwer for mills and
common ufes. In the mountains, which
extend the whole length of lake George,
and part oi the length of lake Champlain,
are
a counti
tains 3$
the com
particul
fpices, c
It alfo
from tin
of the
eluding
exportat
Not an i
cleared.
CUB
CUL
tre plenty of moore, deer, and almofl all
the other inhabitants of the forcfl. It
contains 941 inhabitants. The fortrefs
lies in N iat. 44 ao, W luu. 73 36.
Crtnvs Meadows, a river in the N W
territory, which runs N weftward into
Illinois R. op^fite to which are fine
meadows. Its mouth is ao yards wide,
aad 240 miics frpm the Miflifippi. It is
navigHble between 15 and 18 miles.
Croyden, a townlTiip in Clicthirc co. N.
Hampfliire, adjoining Cornifli» and about
18 miles N £ of Charlcflown. It was in-
corporated in 1763. In 1775, it contain-
ed 143, in 1790, J37, and iu 1800, 9S4
inhabitant*.
Cruces, a town of Terra Firma, S. Amer-
ica, 5 leagues from Panama, and fituated
on Chagre river.
Crux, Santa, a confiderable town on the
Ncoaflofthe iftand of Cuba, about 30
miles E by N of the Havannah, and it.f
N W by N of Cadiz. Alio the chief town
of Cuzumel ifland.
Cruz, Santa, a town of Mexico, or New
Spain, about 75 miles N by E of St. Sal-
vadore, on the Pacific ocean. It is Iitu-
ated on the gulf of DuJce, which commu-
aicates with the fea of Honduras.
Crux, Santa, Be la Sierra, a government
and generalfliip, alfo a jurifdidlion and
bifliopriclc, under the biihop of Charcas,
90 leagues £ of Plata, in Peru.
Cruz, Santa, an illand iu tiic W. Indies.
See St. Croix..
Cuba, is the mod valuable idand of all
the Spanifli W. Indies, and is fitiuted be-
tween ao and 23 30 N hit. and between
74 and 8j 15 W Ion. 100 miles S of Cape
Florida, and 75 N of Jamaica ; and is
nearly 700 miles in length, and generally
about 70 in breadth. A. chain of hills
runs through the middle of the ifland
ftom £ to W, but the land near the fea is
in general level, and flooded in the rainy
feaibn, when the fim is vertical. This
noble ifland, the key of the W. Indies, is
fuppofed to have the bt-ft foil, for fo large
a country, of any in America, and con-
tains 38,400 fquare miles. It produces all
the commodities known in the W. Indies,
particularly ginger,long pcpprr, and othec
fpices, caflfia, fiflula, maflick, and aloes.
It alfo produces tobacco and fugar ; but
from the want of hands, and the lazinefs
of the Spaniards, it does not produce, in-
cluding all its commodities, fo much for
exportation as the fmall ifland of Antigua.
Not an himdcedth part of the ifland is yet
cleared. The principal part of the planta-
tions arr on the beautiful plains of Savati*
nah, and are cultiv.itcd by about 25,000
flavcs. The other inhabitants amount to
about 30,000. Ihe courfe of the rivers
is too fliort to be of any confcquenct to
navigation ; but there are levcral good
harbours in the illand, which belong t(i
the principal towns, as the Havan-.iah,
St. J:igo, Santa Cruz, and I.a Trinidad.
Bcfidc the h.-trbour^ of thefe towns there
19 Cumberland harbour. The tobacco
raifed here is faid to have a more delicate
flavour than any raifed in America.
There are a vaft number of fmall illes
round this noble ifland, the channels fcp-
arating which, as well as the rivers in the
ifland, abound with fllli. There are more
alligators here than in any other place in
the W&fl Indies. In the woods are fome
very valuable trees, particularly cedars,
fo large, it is faid, that canoes made of
them will hold 50 men. Birds there are
in great variety, and in number more
than in any cf the other Iflands. 1'hi»
ifland was difcovercd by the famous
Chridophcr Cuiumbus, in 1492. It was-
taken polTclTion of by the Spaniards in
15 1 1, and they foon exterminated the
mild and peaceable natives, to the amount
of 500,000. The hills are rich in mines,
and in fome of the rivers there is gold
dull. The copper mines only are worked,
which arc in tlie eaflern part of the ifland.
Here are alfo fountains of bitumen.
Cuiagua, an ifland of America, iituatcd
between that of Margaretta and Terri
Firma, fubjeiH to Spain, and is about 8
tniles long. There are a number of pearls
got here, but not of the largefl: fizc. N
Iat. 10 ij, W. Ion. 54 30.
Ciieiica, or Bamki^ a city and confidera-
ble jurifditfkion in the province of Quito»
in Peru, under the torrid zone ; lying in
*5 3 49 S Iat. The towa is computed to
contain 26,000 people ; and the weaving
of baize, cottons, &c. is carried on by the
women, tlie men being averfe to labour,
and prone tu all manner of profligacy. It
b fituated on the river Curaray, or St»
Jago ; which, after many wiuding* from.
W to E, falls at laft into the rivtr Ama-
zon. The town (lands at the foot of the.
Cordillera mountains. It has two con-
vents, and lies about 170 miles S of Quito..
Cueyte, a river in the ifland of Cuba,
whi-ch abounds with alligator;).
Culiacan, a province of Guadalanra, in
the audience of New Galicia, in Mexico
or New Spain. It has Cinaloa on the N,
New Sifcay and the Zaiiatecas on t!ie £,
ChiametUn
*:'[>>
ill
:'' iff
' ■■"ill
M
V';
CUM
CUM
ii
III
ilf
i!n
I I
Chiametlan on the S, and the gulf of Cal-
ifornia on tlie W. It is 60 or 70 leagues
long and 50 broad. It abounds with all
forts of fruit. The great river La Sal in
this country is well inhabited on each fide.
According to Dampier, it is a Inlt lake, or
bay, in which is good anrhurnge, though
it has a narrow entrance, and runs la
league* E, and parallel with the Hiure.
'i'hi-rc arc feveral Spanifli fanns, and fait
])onds about it ; and 5 leagues from it are
two rich mines, worked by rtavcs belong-
ing to the citizens of CnmporiLlla. Here
itifo is another great river, whofc banks
arc full of woods and palturcs. On this
river, Guzman, who dikovcrcd the coun-
try, built a town, which he called St, Mit
tbael, which fee.
Culpepper, a county in Virginia, between
the Blue Ridge and the tide waters. The
court houfe of this county is 45 miles from
Frederickfburg, and 95 from Charlottef-
ville. It is 60 miles in length, and ys in
its grcatcll breadth. Though in fomc
parts the lands are poor, and covered with
pine, they are generally cultivated and
fertile, producing wheat, tobacco, flax,
and potatoes. In fomc parts are rich
meadows covered with timothy and clo^
ver. There are mineral fprings efficacious
in removing bilious and fcorbutic com-
plaints. It contains 10,75% f>'cc people,
and about 7348 flavcs. Chief towp, fair-
fax,
Culpeppa-f a pod town in the above
CO. 76 miles from Wafhington.
Cumana, Of Cuuiana, the capital of New
Andalulia, a province of Terra Firma, S.
America. It fometimes gives its name to
the province. The Spaniards buHt this
city in ij so, and it is d<.feudcd by a flrong
calilc. This town, lays Dampier, (lands
near the mouth of a great lake, or branch
nf the fcdjCalledLaguna de Carriaco,about
which are feveral rich towns ; but its
mouth is fo {hallow that no fliips of bur-
den can enter it. It is fituated 3 leagues
S of the North Sea, and to the S \V of
Margaretta, in about 10 20 N lit. and in
64 20 W Ion.
Cuimanagatt, a fmall town in a bay on
the coaft of Terra Firma, in the province
of Cumana or Andalulia. It is fituated
en a low flat fhore, which abounds with
pearl oyfters.
CumhcrLinci, a harbour in the i/land of
Juan Feinandcs.
CumbcrlanJ, a hatbour on the S E part
ef the ifland of Cuba, and one of the fined
in the W. Indies, capable of ihchcriog any
number of diips. N lat. ao 30, W \om^
76 50. It is ao leagues E from St. Jago
dc Cuba.
CumberLnd, an ifland on the eoad of
Camden 10. Georgia, between Prince
William's found at the S end, and the
mouth of Great Satilia R. at its N end,
and 20 miles S of the town of Fredcrica.
Before the revolution (there were two
forts, called William and St. Andrews, on
this ifl;<nd. The former, at the S end,
commanded the inlet of Amelia's found,
was (Irongly pallifadoed and defended by
8 pieces of cannon, and had barracks iuv
%oo mcN, florehoufes, ^c. within the
pallifadocs were fine fprings of water.
Cumbtrland, a harbour on the £ tide of
Walhington's iflcs, on the N W coaft of
N. America. It lies S of Skitikifs, and N
of Cummalliawaa.
Cumbfrlattd, a bay in the moft northern
part of America ; its mouth lies under the
polar circle, and runs to the N W and W,
and is thought to communicate with Baf-
fin's bay on the N.
Cumberland Hovfc, one of the Hudfon
bay company's factories, is fituated in
^ew South \Vales in N America, 158
miles E N E of Hudfon's houfe, on the S
fide of Pine Illand lake. N lat. 53 56 41,
W Ion. loa 13. See Nelfon river.
Cumberland, a fort in N. Brunfwick, fiti
uated at the head of the bay of Fundy,
on the £ fide of its northern branch. !(
is capable of accommodating 300 men.
Cumberland, a county of N. Brunfwick,
which comprehends the lands at the head
of the bay of Fundy, on the bafon called
Chebedton, and the rivers which empty
into it. It h-js feveral townfliips ; thofe
which are fettled are Cumberland, Sack-
ville, Amherft, Hillfborough, and Hope-
well. It is watered by the rivers Au Lac,
MifTiquadi, Napan, Macon, Memram-
cook, Pctcoudia, Ch(podie, and Herbert.
The three firft rivers arc navigable 3 or 4
miles for velTels of 5 tons. The Napan
and Macon are flioal rivers ; the Herbert
is navigable to its head, la miles, in boats ;
the others are navigable 4 or 5 miles.
Cumberland, a town of N. Brunfwick, in
the county of its own name. Here are
coal mines.
Cumbtrland Co. in Maine, lies £ of York,
Kennebeck co. has the Atlantic ocean on
the S, and Canada on the N. Its fea coaft,
formed into numerous bays and lined with
a multitude of fruitful illands, is nearly 40
miles in extent in a ftraight line. Saco
river, which runs S caftcrly into tlie ocean,
is
iithe
and \
and
berlan
which
• '-ifi}
CUM
CUM
3 or 4
Napan
Herbert
boats ;
lC8.
wick, in
ere are
if York,
;ean on
;a coafl,
cdwith
arly 40
Saco
; ocean,
is
ii the dividing line between tins county
and York on the S W. Cape Hlhsabcth
and Cafco bay are in thi» county. Cum-
berland is divided into 17 lownfliips, of
which Portland in the chief. It contains
37,9ai inhabitants.
CumherluHii Go. in N. Jcrfcy, is bounded
S by Delaware hay, N by (j1ouc« ftcr co.
S E by Cape May, and W by ijalein co.
It is divided into 7 townflnpii, of which
Fairfield and Greenwich arc the chief;
und contains <)5%<) inhabitants, of whom
75 arc flaves.
Cumberland, the Neaflemmoft townfliip
of the ftate of Rhode Ifland, Providence
CO. It contains 3056 inhabitants. In this
town is Diamond hill, A Mr. Blarkftone,
of curious memory, was one of the iirfl
fettlcr,-) uf this town.
Cumberliind Co.\n Pcniifylvani-iits bound-
ed N and N W by Mifflin ; E and N E
by Sufquchanna R. wliicli divides it from
Pauj. '^m ; S by York, and S W by Frank-
lin CO. li is 47 miles in Ungch, and 43
in breadth, and has 15 townlbips, of
which Carlifle is the chief. The county
is generally mountainous ; but bttwecn
North and South mountain, on each fide
of Concdogwinet creek, there is an extcn-
(ive, rich, and well cultivated valley. It
contains 25,.386 inhabitants.
Cumlerlandytwotovfas inGretn co. Pcnn-
fylvania, which have 1377 inhibiunts.
Cumberland Co. in Fayette diftridl, N.
Carolina, contains 7608 inhabitants, of
whom 3007 arc flaves. Chief towu.Fay-
etteville.
Cumberland, a townHtip of the above co.
in N. Carolina.
Cumberland, a poft town, and the chief
towniliip of AlUijhany co. Maryland, lies
on the N bank of a great bend of Potow-
maek R. and on both fides of the mouth
pf Will's creek. It is 148 miles W by N
of Baltimore, 109 meafured miles above
Georgetown, ard about joj N W of
WafliingtoK rny Fort Cumberland ftood
formerly it the W fide of the mouth of
Will's > j-eek. It contains about loo
houfes a coi'-.l houfe, a gaol, market
houfe, a»..'. ; ^nurchcs, on*.- for Roman
Catholics, one h)r Methodifts, and one
for German Lutherans. Lat. 39 37 N,
Ion. 3 44 W.
Cumberland Co. in Virginia, on the N fide
of Appamatox river, which divides it
from Prince lidward. It is 30 miles long
and 15 broad, and contains 4127 inhab-
itants. The court houfe, where is a poft
P^cc, is ;8 miles from Powbataq court
lionfc, 51 from Richmond, and jSj froBl
Philadelphia.
Cumberland Mountain, occupies a part of
the uninhabited country of the Hate uf
TenelTce, between the difhicts of Wafli-
ington and Hamilton and Mcro diftrid;
and between the two firft named di(lri«i\»
and the (late of Kentucky ; the N cafterly
part of the ridijc being the dividing line
between KentUi:ky and Virginia. Ihc
ridj',e is generally about 30 miles broad,
and extends from Crow creek, on Tenelfcc
R. from S W to W E. In TenefTcc it en-
larges in width to 50 miles, anil with io
level a furface it may be called the high
lands. The place where the Ttnellce
breaks through the Great Kidge, called
the IVairl or Suci; is 350 miles above the
Mufcle flioals. Limelioii'j is tound on
both fides the mountain. The muuntaiu
confifis of the molt flupendous piles of
craggv rocks of any mountain in the wclt-
ern countrv. In fevcral parts of it, it is
inacceflible for ntiks, even to the Indiius
on foot. In one place, pariicul.iily, near
the fummit of the mormtain, there is a
moll remarkable ledge of ro^ks ot about
30 miles ill length, :.nd 2CO feet thick,
iliewing a perpei;ilieul;:r face to the t> li.
Cumberland R. Crflltd by the Indians
" Shawance," and by the French •' tiliava-
non," falls into the' Ohio to miles above
the mouth of TeneiTee R. and about 34
miles due 1'^ from tort Mallac, and mj
below Pittflu'.rg. It is n;iv!^ahle for larijc
veflels to Nafl'villc in Tenelie-e, and from
thence to the mouth of Obed's or Obas R.
The Caney fork, whieh is 100 yards w Ide,
joins it 130 miles above Naibvilk-, liar-
peth, Atones, Red, and Ohed's, are \x\
chief hrarclies; fonie of them a; e navi-
gable to a great diftancc. 1 he Cumber-
land mouutiins in Viiginia feparate the
head waters of this ii\er from thofe of
Clinch Pv. ' It runs t' W till ii eomes iitai-
the .S line of KeniucLy.wlu-n ii.icourfe is
wcflcrly, in general, iliroiij]!. Lincoln co.
receiving many ftreant:; Iro;.) laeh fide 5
thence it flows 6 W into tiic (tate of Tcn-
eiice, where it ta^es a winding coiirie,
inclnfing bumner, iJividfon, and Tencflet
counties ; alierwards ii takes a N wcftem
direiElion and le-cntcrs the It.ite of Ken-
tucky ; and IVom thtnce it prclervts near-
ly an uniform dillance fiem TtneiTce U.
to its mouth, wltere it is 300 yards wide.
It is 200 y ards broad at l>ialliville. From
the falls in Kentucky to the place where
it crofl'es the line into 'I'enefiee, i:; more
than jco niiits, thence to h'ulhvilk- is 200,
thence
■ \ < n.
U'l
CUR
thence to the Ohio in loo. It !• there*
fore navigable without interruption more
than 500 miles. In pitfTing through Mern
didridl, iti meanders form fevcral pcnin-
fulaA, 14 or 15 miles round, and about
one acrof» the idhmus.
Cum&erlandHiver, a place fo called, where
a port office is kept, in TenLfl**.'c, 13 miles
from Cumberland mountain, and So from
the Crab Orchard in Kentucky.
CumberlanJ, a counfy of Kentucky, con-
taining 3048 inhabitants, of whom 136
arc flaves.
Cumberland Gaf, Claiborne eo.Tencflec,
has a pod office, 528 miles W of Wafli-
ington.
Cumberland Totunjbip, in U. Canada, lies
partly in the county of Stormont, and
partly in Dundas, and is the Tixth town-
iliip m afcending the Ottawa river.
Cummojbaiuasy or Cummafiawita^ a found
and village on the E fide of Wafliington
ifland, on the N W coafl of N. America.
The port is capacious and fafe, and it«
mouth lies in 53 a 30 H lat. and in %%i
9,% W Ion. In this port Capt. Ingraham
remained fome time ; and he obferves, in
his journal, that here, in diredt oppofition
to moll other parts of the world, the
women maintained a precedency to the
men in eveiy point ; infomuch that a man
dares not trade without the concurrence
of his wife ; and that he has often been
witnefs to men's being abufed for parting
vrith {kins before their approbation was
obtained : and this precedency often oc-
cafioncd much didurbance.
Cummtngton, a townfliip in Hampfiiire
CO. MafTachufetts, having 985 inhabitants ;
lying about ao miles N W of Northampton.
Cunningham^ s Ifland in Upper Canada, is
fituated at the W end of lake Erie, S
tvcflerly of the Bafs iflands, and foutherly
•f Ship ifland.
Curajfou, Caraqoa, or Q/ierlfoa, an ifland
Jn the Weft Indies, belonging to the Dutch.
It is fituated in iz degrees N lat. 9 or 10
leagues from the conti.itnt of Terra Firma,
is 30 miles long, and 10 broad. It feems
as if it were fated, that the ingenuity and
patience of the Hollanders lliould every
■where, both in Europe and America, be
employed in fighting againfl an unl'riendly
nature ; for the ifland is not only barren,
and dependent on the rains for its water,
but the harbour is n.iturally one of the
•worft irt America ; yet the Dutch have en-
tirely remedied that deft'ct ; they have up-
on this harbour one ot the largeft, and by
tar the moft elegant and cleanly towns in
cun
the Weft Indies. The public buildisgi
are numcrouH and handfume ; the private
houfcs commodious ; and the magazines
large, convenient, and well filled. All
kind of labour is here performed by en-
gines ; fome of them io well contrived,
that fliips are at once lifted into the dock.
Though this ifland is naturally barren, the
induftry of the Dutch has brought it to
produce a confulcrable quantity both of
tobacco and fugarjit has befide, good fait
works, for the produce of which there is a
briflc demand from the Englifli iflands, and
the colonies on the continent. But what
renders this ifland of moft advantage to
the Dutch, is the contraband trade which
is carried on between the inhabitants and
the Spaniards, and their harbour being the
rendezvous to all nations in time of war.
The Dutch fliips from Europe touch at
thi« ifland for intelligence, or pilots, and
then proceed to the Spanifli coafts for
trade, which they force with a Itrong hand,
it being very difficult for the Spanifli
guarda coftas to take thefc vefTels ; for
they are not only ftout fliips, with a num-
ber of guna, but are manned with large
crews of chofen iimen, deeply interefted
in the fafety of the veflel and the fuccefs
of the voyage. They have each a fhare
in the cargo, of a value proportioned to
the ftation of the owner, f'upplied by the
merchants upon credit, and at prime coft.
This animates, them with an uncommon
courage, and they fight bravely, becaul'e
every man fights in defence of his own
property. Belide this, there is a conftant
intercourfe between this ifland and the
Spanifh continent. Curafl"ou has nume?
1 rous warchoufes, always full of the com-
I modities of Europe and the Eaft Indies,
I Here are all forts of woollen and linen
cloth, laces, fdks, ribbands, iron uteniils,
naval and mihtary ftores, brandy, the
fpices of the moluccas, and the calicoes of
India, white and painted. Hither the
Dutch Weft India, which is alio their Af-
rican company, annually bring -thr^e or
four cargoes of flaves ; and to this mart the
Spaniards themfclves come in fmall vefl'ela,
and carry oiF not only the befk of the ne-
groes, at a very high price, but great quaa-
tities of all the above forti of goods ; and
the feller has this advantage, that th«
refufe of warehoufes and mercers' fltopg,
and every thing that is grown ur. fliion-
able and unfalcable in Europe, go ofrhere
extremely well ; every thing being fuffi-
ciently recommended by its being Euro*
pean. The Spaniards pay in gold or filver,
ctincd
aoined or
bark, cod
Inudities.
times of pe
to the Di
hut in time
for then it 1
of the Wef
fliips of al
refufes non
to dcftroy <
with Spain
Spanifli Co!
market fre
fupplied eii
French con
corn, flour,
from the co
ported fron
peace or in
flouri flies <
this ifland f
Curiaco, a
ica, on the
Currituci
of Edenton 1
the N E coi
«d E by Cu
of Virginia
W by Camd
itants, of wi
fwamp lies
of Albemarl
to contain c
eftates in A
Difmal, wl
350,000 acri
long and 7 r
aal, 30 feet 1
BctHis the wa
of Skuppern
from the lak
rdfeveralfa'
the lake is h
canal, the co
under water
fwamp, whic
rice. For ai
mat, fee Greii
Currituck,
Maine, aS :
In 1792, thii
ment on Ken
fiftcd of abou
Inhabitants.
^ Cufeo, the 1
vian empire, i
the mountain
45 S lat. and
•n the dceiia
cus
cus
the
ioined or in hurt, cocoa, vanilla, jefuitt
bark, cochineal, and other valuable com-
modities. The trade of Curaoou, even in
times of peace, is laid to be annuitlly worth
to the Dutch, no lefs than £.j,oc,ooo;
l)ut in time of war the profit is (till greater,
for then it becomes the common cmporiHm
of the Weft Indies ; it afibrds a retreat to
lliips of all nations, and at the fiimc time
refufes none of them krms ar.d amniunition
to dcflroy one nnother. The i'-.ttrcourlc
with Spain being then inttrniptcd, the
SpuniHi colonies have fcarccly any other
market from whence they can be well
fupplied cither with Havcii or goods. The
French come hither to buy the beef, pork,
corn, flour, and lumber, which are brought
from the continent of N. America, or ex-
ported from Ireland ; fo that, whether in
peace or in war, the trade of this ifland
flouriHics extremely. The Dutch took
this illand from the Spaniards in 163a.
Curiaco, a bay in Terra firma.S. Amer-
ica, on the N. Sea.
Currituck Co. is lituated on the fcacoaft
of Edenton diftridV, N. Carolina, and forms
the N E corner of the ftatc ; being bound-
ed £ by Currituck found, N by the ftatc
of Virginia, S by Albemarle ibund, and
W by Camden co. containing 6928 inhab-
itants, of whom 1530 are flaveit. Difmal
fwamp lies in this county, on the S fide
of Albemarle found, and is now fuppofcd
to contain one of the moft vaUmble rice
cftates in America. In the n.idft of this
Difmal, which contains upwards of
350,000 acres, is a lake of about 1 1 miles
long and 7 miles broad. A navigable ca-
nal, ao feet wide, and sh n^ilcs long, con-
acifts the waters of the lake with tlie head
of Skuppernoug riTcr. About 500 yards
from the lake, the proprietors have ercdl-
rdfevcral faw mills : and as the water of
the lake is higher than the banks of the
canal, the company can at any time lay
under water about 10,000 acres of rich
fwamp, which proves admirably fitted for
rice. For an account of the other Di(-
mal, fee Great Difmal.
Curritucky or Caratunk, a fcttlcment in
Maine, 28 miles above Norridgewalk.
In 179a, this was the uppermoQ fcttle-
ment on Kcnnebeck river, and then con-
fiftcd of about ao families, in i8co of 136
inhabitants.
Cufec, the ancient capital of the Peru-
vian empire, in S. America, is fituated in
the mountainous country of Peru, in la
a5 S lat. and 70 W loo. and has long been
•n the dceliac. It is jrtt a Tcry coufidcr-
ablc place, having about ao,ooo inhabit^
ants. I'hii famous city was foutidid by
the firft Ynca, or Inca Mango, as the feae
and capital of his empire. The Span-
iards, under Don I'rancifco Pizarro, en-
tered and took p"iT"( fli; n c ir in the year
1534. t,\i :i mounuin ccni»j;uuu5 to the
N ji.ir: til the city, arc the ruins of the
umous fort nnJ palace of the Yncas, the
ftoncs (f which are of an enormous mag-
t.itudc. Three fourths of the inhabitants
are Indians, who are very induftrion iit
manutiioturin^';; b;ii:^c, cotton and leather.
They have alfo here, as well as at Quito,
a tafle for painting ; Ibmc of their per-
formances have been admired even in Ita-
ly, and are difpcrftd all over S. America.
Ciifcotviiu, in E. Florida, is the capital
of the Alachua tribe of Indians, and flanda
in the moft plealant fituation that conld
be delired iii an inland country ; upon 1
high, fwelling ridge of fand lulls, within
300 or 40 yards of a I' .^e and lieautiful
lake, abounding with liQi and wild fowl.
The lake Is terminated on one fide by cx-
tcnfive forerts, conlifting of orange grovcs»
overtopped with ^rand magnolias, palms,
poplar, tiliu, live oaks, &c. on the other
fide by extcnfive green plains and mead-
ows. The town confifts of 30 habitations,
each of which confifts of % houfes, nearly
of the fame fizc, large and convenient,
and covered elofe with the bark of the
cyprefs tree. Each has a little garden
fpot, containing corn, beans, tobacco, and
other vegetables. In the great Alachua
fnvnnna, about 2 miles diftant, is an in-
clufed plantation, which is worked and
tended by the whole community, yet
every family has its particular part. Each
family gathers and dtpoliis in its granary
its proi)cr iliare, fctting apart a fmall con-
tribution for the public granary, which
ftands in the midft of the plantation.
Cujhui, a fmall river which empties into
Albemarle found, between Chowan and
the Roanoke, in N. Carolina.
Cujhttunk Mountaint, in Hunterdon co.
N. Jerfcy.
Cujhitigy% townfliip in Lincoln co. Maine,
feparated from Warren and Thomaftown
by St. George's R. It was incorporated
in 1789, contains 1415 inhabitants, and
lies ai6 miles £ by N of Bofton. The
E part of this town is now St. Gnrget i
iS miles S E of Wifcaflett.
Ciijens, a fmall river in Cumberland co.
Maine, which runs a S E courfe to Cafco
b ly, between the towfls of Frceport and
Nonh Yarmouth. —
Cuffltat^
i1
^1
m
DAN
DA^^
if,
i
M
^
n
m
CiiJJtt.ih, an Indian town in the wertcrn
part ot Ocor^i.n, i % niilc» above the Broken
Arrow, on C'dttahoofee river.
Ciittiitunk, one of the Eliaabitlt IJlanJi,
tvhich fee.
Cults JjtanJ, a ftnall idand on the coafl
of York CO. Maine. See 2ftc!.:o,.k R. Cape.
Cyzetilliiii, Sec Si, Stiafii.in R. in New
SpHili.
Cuziimil, an idand in the province of
Yiicstan, ,»nd audi'*nce of Mexico, litiut-
rd in the bay of Hondums ; tj leagues
long, and 5 broa<l ; its principal town is
8anta Cruz. N lac. 19, ion. 87.
Cu-^it, or Cutio, a province of Chili, in S.
America, and in the government of Santa
Cru?!, in the Sierra. The principal com-
moditicit arc honey and wax. The chief
town i» St. John dc Fronliera.
C^jjiHt Swump, in Delaware flate. Sec
Indian river.
D.
KlCSnOROUGH, a poft town in Stif-
Ux CO. Delaware, on the N W b.-ink of
Pepcr's creek, a branch of Indian river,
and contains about 40 honfes. It ii< 19
miles from Droad hill, or Clowes', and
117 S from Philadelphia.
I).iliort,n. fine townjhipin Dcrkfliirc co.
MalTaclmlctts, having Pittt-.leld on the
W, and contains 859 inhabitants. The
ftage road from Bofton to Albany, runs
through it. Dalton was incorporated in
1784, and lies 13,? miles W by N of Bof-
tnn, and about 35 the fume courfe, froni
Northampton.
Daltf'ii, a townniip in Grafton co. N.
HampHjivc, firft called Apthorpe, was in-
corporated in 178-', and has 6i inliabit-
tants. It lies on the T. bank of Connec-
ticut P- at the ij mile falls, oppofite
Concord, in Efitx co. Vermont.
Damcrifotta Bay, River, and Po»i/, in
Maine. The Biy communicates with
Townfend harbour, or Booih bay; the
^/ViT, which is navigable 15 "liles, and on
which arc a number of mills, ia fliort,
parallel with Sheepfcot river, E of it, and
divides the town of Booth bay from Bril-
tol.and rilt's in Damerifcotta pond, which
is about 10 miles long, and 2 \vide, and
fpreads between New Caftlc and Waldo-
borough.
Dampii>'s Straits, are between the N F.
point of New Guinea, and the S W point
of New Britain. S lat. 6 15, E Ion. from
Paris, 146.
.»i(/i, a confiduTable river of N.Carolina,
whirh unite* with the Staunton, ind Torn-.V
the Roanoke. It might be rendered nav-
i^abL with a fmall expenfe, ico milc<
tbove it* junction with the Staunton.
The famout Buried hill (land* on the
lank of the Dan, in Virginia, near the
borders of N Carolina. It appears to
have been an ancient volcano, 'i'licre arc
l.«r[>,c rocks of the lava, or nuhcd matter,
trom 1000 to 1500 weight, lying on the
lummit of the hill. The cr..ttr is partly
lillcd and covered with large trees.
Daii.i, a new town of Worccrtcr 0.
Maflachufetts, formed from the corneri
of Greenwich, in Hamplliire co. and
Hardwick and Peterfliam in Worcertcr co.
Danbury, a town in Grafton co. N.
HampHiire, containing i6j inhabitants.
Danbury, a poll town in the co. of Fair-
field, in Connecticut. It was fettled in
1687, and the compact pirt of the town
contains 2 churches, a court houfe, and
about 60 dwelling houlcs. On its fmall
flreams are iron works, and fevcral niilla.
Mr. Lazarus Beach prefcnced to the
mufeum in New York city, a quire of
paper, made of the albedos, at his paper
mill in Danbury, March, 1 792, which the
hotted fire would not confume. It lie"f
about 70 miles N F. of New York city, ai'd
33 N W by W of New Haven. Thl;i
town, with a large quantity of military
florcs, was buriit by the Britifli on the
26th of April, 1777. It ha» 3180 inhab-
itants.
Danby,3, poll town in Rutland co. Ver-
mont, E of PawLt, and contains 1487 in-
habitants, 32 miles N of Bennington.
D.itta'riJfre, fo called in honor of the
maiden name of Mrs. VVaihiiigton, lady
of the late Prefident Wafliington ; a poll
and county town of the co. of Jcllcrfon,
Tentllee; 565 miles W of Wafliington,
Itjniil, Port, on the northern lide of
Chaleur bay, is a commodious harbour
for veiFels of a eonfiderabie draught of
water. It affords a cod fiHiery, and i*
about 9 leagues from Pato, W N W of
Cape Defpair.
Danijli America. In the W. Indies the
Danes poflcfs the illands of St. Thomas,
St. Croix, or Santa Cruz, and St. John's ;
which are defcribed under their refpee-
ti ve names. The Danifli policy, in rcfpcCl
to their iflands, is wife, and deferving of
imitation. Thefe iflands \vcre ill man-
ap^ed, and of little confcqiience to the
Danes, whilft in the hands of an exdufivc
company ; but fince the late king bought
up the company'i (lock, and laid the trade
open,
the
lad>-
pol!
;rfon,
<on.
de of
■boiir
lu of
id in
of
the
nmns,
hn's ;
fpec-
fpetil
ngof
man-
) the
iufive
ought
trade
open I
DAN '
6pen, the iflandt have been greatly im*
proved. Saniii Cms, n prri'cct defcrt s
few years fince, has berii brouj^ht to in
high (lite of cultivation, producing unnu-
ally becwccn 30 and 40,000 hhdi uf fu-
v;<r, ot upward) of i;; cwT. each, and ron-
tniitt 3000 white* and 30,000 negroes,
liy an editfk of the UaniOi kin;;, no llavcs
are to be imported into liis iflands iiltcr
tlie year i8oa ; till then, their importa-
tion is encouraged by a law operating as
a bounty. Many ot the inhabitants of
Greenland, and negroes of the Danifli W.
India illands, have embraced Chriftianity
under the Moravian milfiunarics, who
are unwearied in their humane exertions
to promote the happinefs Ot thofe who
can bcDow ho earthly reward.
Diinvcri, A townfliip in Eflcx co. MaflTa-
chutetts, adjoining Salem on the N W, in
\vhich it was formerly comprehended by
the name of Salem village. It confifls of
two pariflics, and contains 3643 inhabit-
ants, and w.ts incorporated in 1 757. The
mod conliderable and enmpad^ fettlement
!n it, is formed by a continuation of the
principal Areet of Saleiti, which extends
more than x miles W toward the country,
having many workfliops of mechanics,
and feveral for retailing goods. Lar^e
quantities of bricks and coarl'c earthen
ware are ihanufaAured here. Another
pleafant and thriving fettlement is at the
head of Beverly R. called New Mills ;
'^vhcre a few vefTels arc built and owned.
The town of Danvers receives an annual
compenfation of £.xo from the proprie-
tors of EfTex bridge, 'for the obflrudUon
of the river. A Hitting, tide mill, was
ercdted here in 1797. On the fame dam
are a grift mill, an anchor fliop, icythe
fliop, whofe hammers are carried by wa-
ter ; and a (liovcl maiiufa<5tory, credlcd by
a number of merchants and utherti in Salem.
Danville, a thriving pofl town in Pitt-
fylvania co. Virginia, fuuated on Dan
river, nn the main road from Philadelphia
to the Moravian town!>, K Carolina.
Danville, a poll town of Northumber-
land CO. Pennfylvania, on the Sufquehan-
na, at the mouth of Mohoning creek,
12 miles above Northumberland, and aio
from Wafliington.
Danville, a poll town of Pittfylvania,
Virginia, on Dan river. In 1798, it con-
tained t6 dwelling houfes. It is a place
of confidcrable bufinefs, having a tobacco
infpc<5lion, and feveral mills. It is 170
miles S W of Richmond, and joi from
Wafliington.
Vol. I. H
DAR
D.tHvtlt*, a thriving pofl towA in Mer-
cer co. and forme fly (he metropolis of
Kentucky, pit li'anfly Tiniated in a 'arge
fertile pbin, on ihc S W lide of Dick's
R. 35 miles y S W of Lexington. It eon-
fifts of about so hotifcs, and .1 Hrcfbytc-
rian church. From I.ccfbur;; to Dan-
ville, the country, for the (irft aomiici, !•
of an inferior tate for lands in ihii roiin-
try ; hut round Lexington, and fiom
Lcelburg to Lexington and Bonnfltoroughi
is the richefl land in the country It it
40 miles !> by E of Frankfort, H3 from
Louifville, aoi from Hawkins in Tencffee,
and 830 from Philadelphia. N Ut. 37 30,
W Ion. 85 30.
Danville, a port town !n Caledonia eo.
Vermont. It was a wildcrncfs, without fo
much as a Tingle family, a few vcara ago,
and now contains 1544 inhabitants. It
lies 8 miles N W of fiarnct, 607 N E of
Wafliington.
Darby, a fmall town in Delaware co.
Pennfylvania, on the E fide of Darby
creek. It contains about 50 houfes, and
a Quaker meeting houfc, and lies 7 miles
S W by W of Philadelphia. There arc
twotownfliips of this name, in the coun«
ty, wllrd Upper and Lower, from their
relative lltnation.
Darijn, or Terra Flrma Proper, is the
northern divifion of Terra Firma or Caf-
tilc del Oro. It is a narrow idhinus, thatf
properly fpeaking, joins N. and S. Amer-
ica together ; hut is generally reckoned
as part of the latter. It is bounded on
the N by the enlf of Mexico ; on the
S by the .South tea ; on the E by the river
or gulf of Darien, and on the W by ano-
ther part vif the South fea and the prov-
ince of Veragua. It lies in the form of a
bow or crefcent, about the great bay of
Panama, in the South fea, and is 300
miles in length. Its breadth has generally
been reckoned 60 miles from N to S ;
but it is only 37 miles broad from Porto
Btllo to Panama, the two chief towns of
the province. The former lies in N lat.
9 .U 35. W Ion. 81 5a ; the latter in N
lat. 857 48, W Ion. 8a. This province it
not the richeft, but h of the greated im-
portance to Spain, and ha!> been the fcene
of more aiStions than any other in Amer-
ica. The wealth of Peru is brought
hither, and from hence exported to Eu-
rope. Few of the rivers in this country
arc navigable, having flionls at their
mouths. Some of them bring down gold
duft ; and on the coafl are valuable pearl
fiiheriei. Neither of the oceans fall in ac
epc*
'X
, r, ;
'I
%
m
iHI
DAR
DAR
4 '
;i
lii!
once upon tlie fliore, but arc intercepted
by a great many valuable iflands, that He
fcattered along the coaft. The iflands in
the bay of Panama are numerous : in the
fulf of Daricn are thiee of conlldcrable
KC, viz. Golden ifland ; anotlicr, the
largefl of the three, and the ifland of
J'ines ; beiide fmaller ones. Tlic nar-
.rowcA part of the iflhmus is called fomc-
times the ifthmus of Panama. The coun-
try about it is made up of low fickly val-
liesi and mountains of Aich ftupeudous
height, that they fccm to be placed by
nature as eternal barriers between the
' Atlantic and Pacific oceans, which here
approach fo near tach other, that, from
thefe mountains, the waters of both can
.he plainly feen at the fame time, and
feemingly at a very fmall diftance. The
rocky mountains here forbid the idea of
a canal ; but by going into I2 N lat. and
joining the head of Nicaragua lake to a
fmall river, which ri:ns into the Pacific
ocean, a communication between the two
feas becomes praiSlicable ; and by digging
30 miles through a level, low country, a
tedious navigation, of 10,000 miles, round
.Cape Horn, might be faved. What would
he the confcquences of fuch a jun«5tion, is
not cafy to fay ; but it is very probable,
that, in a length of years, fuch a jundtion
.would wear away the earthy particles of
the idhmuB, and form a broad ftrait be-
tween the occnna ; in which cafe, the
gulf ftream would ceafe, being turned into
a diiFercnt channel ; and a voyage round
the world become an inconfideriiblething.
The Scotch nation had fo jud an idea of
the great importance of this ifthmus, that
they got poflelTion of a part of the prov-
ince in 1699, and though among the pnor-
e(l nations in Europe, attempted to form
an eftabliilimcnt more ufeful and of more
real importance, all the parts of the plan
confidjsred, than had perhaps ever been
undertaken by the greateft nation in the
world. The proje<Jtor and leader of the
Darien expedition was a clrrgyman, of
the name of Paterfon. The ""'fe, progrefs,
and cataflrophe, of this well conceived,
but ill fated undertaking, has bceu de-
fcribed, in a very interelling manner, by
Sir John Dalrymple, in the aoth vol. of
bis memoirs of Great Britain and Ireland.
The fund fubfcribed, for carrying this
great project into cfTcdt, amounted to
^.900,000 fterl. viz. £.400,000 fubfcribed
by the Scotch, Xl-300,ooo by the Englilli,
and ](|.ioo,ooo by the Dutch and Ham-
hurgheri. The Darien council aver, in
their pipers, that the right of the compa-
ny was debated before king William III.
in the prefence of the Spanifli Ambaffa-
dor, before the colony left Scotland ; and
while the eftablifliment of the colony had
been in agitation, Spain had made no com-
plaints to England or Scotland againft it.
In fine, of laoo brave men, only 30 evtr
farvived war, fhipwreck, and difeafe, and
returned to Scotland. The rnin of this
unhappy colony happened through the
fliameful partiality ot William HI. and the
jcaloufy of the Englifli nation. The ftrong
country, where the colony fettled and
built their forts, was a territory never
pofTefred by the .Spaniards, and inhabited
by a people continually at war with them.
It was at a place called Adla, in the moutli
of the river Darien ; having a capacious
and (Irongly (ituatcd harbour. The coun-
try they called New Caledonia. It wa»
about mid way between Porto Bello ami
Carthagena ; but near 50 leagues diftant
from either.
Darien, Gulf of, rups 8 eaftcrly into
Terra Firma. On the eaftcrn fide of its
mouth, is the towi: of St. Sebanian.
Darien, a port town in Mc Iiitofli co.
Georgia, by the heights of which glides
the N. channel of Alatamaha R. about 20
miles above Si-.pelo I. and 10 below Fort
Bnrrington. It lies 47 miles S S W of
Savannah. N lat. .■ji ».?, W Ion. 80 14.
Darling IJlanii, in U. Canada, is the larg-
efl of two illands at the entrance ai^lake
Simcoe.
Darlington, a dillridl in S. Carolina ;
bounded S and S W by Lynch's creek.
It is about 35 miles long, and ti broad.
At the court houfe is a poft office. '
Darlington Teivnjilp, in the county of
Durham, U. Canada, lies to the W of
Clarke, and fronts upon lake Ontario.
Dartmtutl) College. See Hanover,
Dartmouth, a town in Grafton co. N.
Hampfliire, N W of the foot of the White
Mountains ; 3^ miles N E of Haverhill,
and 87 N wcfterly of Portfmouth. It
contained, in 1790, iii inhabitants, and
was incorporated in 177?..
Daitijtoutb, a thrivinjj feaport town in
Bririol CO. MafTachufetts, fituated on the
W fide of Accufltnet R. 6a miles fouth-
erly of Bolton. It was incorporated ia
i66<, and contains 2660 inhabitants. N
lat. 4 1 3 7, W Ion. 70 J a.
Dartmouth, a town in Elbert CO. Geor-
gia, fituated on the peninfula formed by
the confluence of Broad and Savannah
rivers, 9, miles from Fort James Dart-
mouth
mouth, w
Fort, whi(
rive their
Dartmoutl
councils ol
and power
pany in G<
tor the ten
ceded in dii
ers. This
of acres, ly
Ogechee, I
vannah ant
Oconee, ini
and Little
prebends a
well water
creeks, and
Dauphin,
feaport tow
of yt. Domir
parifhcs. Ii
toDec. 31, <
fugar, cofTte
lafl'es, ?n'i t
dolls. 13 cen
phin is rem
ftrudled by t
which cofb ii
Dauphin, /
Dauphin, a
in the mouth
MafTaere I.
between tha
merly to hai
by the gene
called by Mc
heap of hum
his landing.
Dauphin I.
between 3 an
of land with
covered with
clofe to the >
forming a la
mains of an o
of the ifland,
the natives.
Dauphin, a
Breton, round
principal fctt
Louifburg.
Dauphin Co,
merly contain
til crcdled int<
4, 1785. Its i
tents 586,400
by the counti
York, Berks, ;
divided ixito
town 111
on the
foutli-
Tited in
ints. N
Gcor-
rmcd by
avannah
Eg Dart-
mouth
D A U
mouth, which ii a mile below Charlotte
Fort, which fee. The town and fort de-
rive their names from James, earl of
Dartmouth, whofe influence in the Britilli
councils obtained from the king, a grant
and powers to the Indian trading com-
pany in Georgia to treat with the Creeks,
ior the territory called the New Purebufe,
ceded in difchargc of debts due to the trad-
ers. This tra<£t contains about a,ooo,ooo
of acres, lyiug upon the head of the Grc?t
Ogechee, between the banks of th'. Sa-
vannah and AUtamaha, touching jn the
Oconee, including all the waters of Broad
and Little Rivers. This territory com-
prehends a body of excellent, fertile land,
well watered by innumerable rivers,
creeks, and brooks.
Djuphin, Fori, a jurifdi(Stion, fort and
feaporc town in the N part of the iland
of St. Domingo. This diviiion contains 5
parifhcs. Its exports from Jan. i, 1789,
to Dec. 31, of the fame year, confided of
fugar, cofTce, cotton, indigo, fpirits, mo-
lafles, ?n'i tanned hides, in value 35,25a
dolls. 13 cents. The town of Fort Dau-
phin is remarkable for a fountain con-
ftrutfted by the orders of M. de Marbois,
which coll 10,678 dollars. N lat. 19 41.
DaufiiH, Fort. See JIa Braga,
Dauphin, an ifland about 10 miles long,
in the mouth of Mobile bay, 5 miles from
MafTacre I. with a flioal all the way
between them. Thefe are fuppoftd for-
merly to have been but one, and went
by the general name of Mafl'acre, fo
called by Monf. d'lbberville, from a large
heap of human bones found thereon at
his landing. It was afterwards called
Dauphin I. The W end, a dlQance of
between 3 and 4 miles, is a narrow flip
of land with lome dead trees ; the reft is
covered with thick pines, which come
clofe to the water's edge on the E fide»
forming a large bluff. There is the re-
mains of an old French pofl on the S fide
of the ifland, and of fome old hotifes of
the natives. N Ut. 30 10, W Ion. 88 7.
Dauphin, a fort in the ifland of Cape
Breton, round which the French had their
principal fcttlemcnt, before they built
Louifburg.
Dauphin Co. in Pennfylvania, was for-
merly contained in that of LancaAer, un-
til created into a feparate county, March
4, 1785. Its form is triangular ; its con-
tents 586,400 acres, and is furrounded
by the counties of Mifflin, Cumberland,
York, Berks, and Northumberland. It is
divided iato 9 towulLips, the chief of
DAV
which is Harrifburg ; the number of ht
inhabitants 33,270. Nearly one half of
the land is under cultivation ; but the
northern part is very rough and moun-
tainous. In feveral of the mountains is
found abundance of' iron ore of the lirft
quality ; a furnace and forge have been
erected which carry on brifkly the man-
ufadlure of pig, bar iron, &c. 'ITie firft fct-
tlers here were Irifti emigrants, who were
afterwards joined by a number of Germans.
In the town of Dcrry, on the bank of Swa-
tara creek is a remarkable cavern ; its en-
trance is under a high bank, and nearly 20
feet wide, and about 8 or 10 feet in height.
It defcends gradually nearly to a level
with the creek. Its apartments are nu-
merous, of different lizes, and adorned
with ftalaiSlites curioufly diverfified in
fize and colour. Near the loot of Blue
mountain is a mineral fpring, much cele-
brated by the country people for its effi-
cacy in removing rheumatic and other
chronic difordets.
Dauphin R. !i river of U. Canada, which
empties into lake Winnipeg on the W fide,
at the head of Martin's bay. Lat. 52 15 N.
Daiiidfon, a county in Mero diftriiSl,
Teneffcc, bounded N by the ftate of Ken-
tucky, £ by Sumner, and S by the Indian
territory. Its chief town, Nafhville, lies
on the great bend of CumberkHd R. and
is watered alfo by the Harpith and Stones
rivers. The timber is remarkably large,
trees often meafiire 8 or 10 feet diameter.
It contains^ 9620 inhabitants, of whom
2936 are flaves.
Da-vi<tfon Co. fo Called after Gen. William
Davidfon, who bravely fell in defence of
his country t|||. the year 1780, oppofing
the paffage <j|r Lord Cornwallis' army
acrofs the Catawba R. is bounded S by
the Indian boundary, £ by Sumner co.
and on the other fides by the counties of
Robcrtfon and Montgomery. It is wa-
cd by Cumberland, Harpith, and Stones
rivers.
David's Town, on the Affanpink river,
Hunterdon co. N. Jerfey, lo or 12 miles
from Trenton. Between thefe towns a
boat navigation has lately been opened'
by means of three locks, creiTtcd at a
confider.^ble cxpenle. It is propoftd to
render this river boatable 10 or 15 niiles^
further, in which diflance, no locks will
be neeeffary.
David'i JJland, St. a pariftt in the Ber-
muda ijlands, which fee.
Davijlurg, a port town in Chriflian co.
Kentucky, 816 miles W of Wafhington.
Davit'*
la r 'Vf
'\ ;?.
m\
;!|ir.
PED
DEE
Havls^t Strait, a narrow fea, lying be-
tween the N main of America, and the
weAcru coad of Greenland ; running N W
from Cape Farewell, lat. 60 1^, to BafHn's
bay in 80, It had ita name from Mr.
John Davis, who iSrft difcovered it. It
extends to W Ion. 75, where it commu-
nicates with BafHn's ^ay, which lies to the
If of this ftrait, and of the North ^ain,
OV James's ifland. See Ba^nt Lay.
Pawfujiet, an ifland on the coaft of S,
Carolina, which foims the N £ fide of
%he entrance of Savannah R. and S W
fide of the entrance of Broad R. and ad-
mits of au inland communicatipu between
^ the two rivers.
Daxaboitf DajaBon, or DaBaLon, which the
French call LaxaboH, is a town an(} fettle-
ment of Spaniards pn the line between
fhe French and Spanifh diviiions of the
ifland of St. Domingo. It was fettled tp
prevent fmuggiing, when the Spaniards
had their fliare of the ithnd. It is boundT
cd E by the territory of St. Yago, N by
the extremity of the bed pf the Great
Yaqui, and the bay of Mancenilla, Vf by
the river and little i/land of Maflacre. It
contains about 4000 perfons. The town
ftaiids 400 fathoms from the E bank of
MafTacre R. more than 80 leagues N W
of St Domingo, and 28 W pf St. Yago,
N lat. 19 32, W Icn. from Paris 74 9.
Day's Point, On James R. in Virginia.
Tiiere is a plantation here of about icoo
acres, which at a dif^ance appetiis as if
covered with i'now ; occafioned by a bed
of clam fliells, which by repeated plough-
ing have become fine, and mixed with the
earth.
Dayton, z, towndiip at th9 mouth pf
Mad river, in the N. W. teripory.
Da Bo's Blam, an ifland belonging to the
N. W. territory, a voluntary gift of the
Chipetvay nation to tiie United States, at
the treaty of peace concluded by gen.
Wayne at Greenville, in 1795.
JDead Cbeft JJland, One of the fmallcr
Virgin ifles, fitiiated near the E end of
Peter's ifland, and W of that of Cooper's.
Deadtnan't Bay, on the E fide of New-
foundland iflr.r.d, l'>s S of St. John's har>.
i>our, and N W of Cape Spear.
Dedbam, a port town, and the capital of
J^orfolk CO. Maflachufetts, cilled by the
aboriginals Tiot, and by thp firft fettlers,
Clapboard Trees ; one of the pariflies Hill
retains this name. The to>vn<hi[) was
incorporated in 1637, is 7 miles in length,
and 6 in breadth, and contains 1973 in-
habitants. Its public buildings are 3 con-
gregational churches, an epifcopal churcb,,
a court houfe, and g?oL It is pleafantly
fituated, 1 1 mUea S W ofBofton,on Charlcit
R. A fmall dream furni£hes water mod
part of the year to 2 grid mills, 7, faw mills,
2 fulling mills, anda leather mill, all in the
fpace of three quarters of a mile, and \om%
Neponfit R. on the borders of Milton.
A '*vire manufadlory is eredted here, for
the ufe of the fiflihook and card manufac-
turers in fipdon.
Deal, in Monmouth co. N. Jerfey, about
7 miles fouthward of Shrewibury. This,
place is the refort of great numbeis of
people from Philadelphia, in fummer, for
health and pleafure.
Deep Spring, in the date of N. York, is a
curiofity, and lies on or near the road
about 9 miles S of Oneida lake, at the head
pf Chittenengo creek, and 10 miles S W of
Oneida cadle.
Deep R. in N.CaroUna.rifcs in Wachovia,
and unites with Haw R. and forms the N
W branr ?i . ' Cape Fear river.
Deerf< J, .< f^ town in Cumberland co,
N. Jerfey, < • ' s from W^alliington.
DeerfieL ./ : e Po^e/w/w, rifps in Strat-.
ton, in BeiuUiigton co. Vermont, and after
receiving a number of (Ireams from the
adjoining towns, unite on entering Maf-
fachufetts ; thence winding in au £ direc-
tion, it receives Nprth R. and empties in-
tp Connetfliicut R. between the towuHiips
of Greenfield and Deerfield, where it i»
about 15 rods wide. Excellent tradts of
meadow ground lie on its banks.
Deerfield, a very pleafant pod town in
Haropfliire co. Mafiacbuletts, on the W
bank of Connedlicut R. from which the
compadt part of the town is feparated by
a chain of high liills. It is in the midd of
a fertile country, and has a fmall inland
trade. The compadt part of the town has
from 60 to IOC houfes, principally on one
ftreet, ^d a handfome congregational
church. It has 1531 inhabitants ; 17 miles
N of Nprthampton, and 92 N by W of
Bodcn. Ihe houfe in which the Rev. Mr.
Williams an^ his family were captivated
by the Indians in the ^arly fettlement of
this town, is dill danding, and the hole ii\
the door, cut by the Indians with their
hatchets, is dill fliewn as a curiofity. An
academy, incorporated in 1797, by the.
name of" The Deerfield Academy," is
edablidied in this town. I^ is 430 miles
NEofWafliington.
Deerfield, Si vidY fettled agricultural town
in Rockingham co. N. Hampflure, and was
a part of the townlhip of Nottingham, 19
mil'is
milf I 3 E
Portfmout
and was in
Deer Ijla
Penobfcwt
containing
corporated
S E of Cafl
Deer, an
Deering, ;
JJ. Hampfl
contains i
miles S W
Portfmoutl
Defiance,
uated on th
confluence >
the Miami
between Fo
lake Erie.
De La I
nois R. in 1
yards wide,
Delamatfei
with the De
De La W
CO. Virginia
fula formed
munkyandl
thence aflui
lies 20 miles
N lat. 37 31
Delatvare
60 miles Ion
trance of thi
occupies a fj
and is io wid
in the middl
thfe land. It
and S £, bet
right, and Ci
capes are 18
R. was called
nals, and in a
ed Zuydt R.
branches in ^
mod of whic
Cookquago b
the,lat. 42 25
turning S eal
fvlvania line 1
thence, it reci
from the N E,
ntountains. '
imtil it drikes
in lat. 41 24
through Delai
K, and Pennf
The bay and i
fea up to tlie ^
DEL
DEL
foilpt S £ of Cppcord, and 35 N W of
Portfmouth. It contains 1878 iiihabitanu,
and was incorporated in 1766.
Deer Ifland^ an iflaud and townfhip in
Penobfcet bay, in Hancock co. Maine,
containing 1094 inhabitants. It was ii^
corporatedin 1789, and lies about 8 mil^s
S £ of CalUne.
Deer, an ifland ip PaiTamaquoddy bay.
Deerlng, a townfliip in Hillfborough co,
H Hamp{hire, incorporated in 1774. It
contains 1244 inhabitants, and lies 15
miles S W of Concord, and 54 miles W of
Portfrnouth.
Defiance, a fort in the (late of Ohio, llt-
uated on the point of land formed by the
confluence of the rivers of Au Glaize, and
the Miami of the lake, nearly half way
between Fort Wayne on the Miami, and
lake £rie. N lat. 41 41, W Ion. 84 43.
De La March, a weftern water of Illi-
nois R. in the N W territory. It is 30
yards wide, and navigable 8 or 9 miles.
Delamjttenoos, an Indian tribe, in alliapc^
with the Delawares.
De La War, a town in King William's
CO. Virginia, fituated on the broad peniif-
fula formed by the confluence of the Pa-
munky andMattaiKiny. The unitedllream
thence afiumes the name of York R. It
lies 20 miles N by W of Wijliamfburg, in
N lat. 37 31 W.
Delaware Bay and River. The bay is
60 miles long, from the cape to the en-
trance of the river, at Bombay Hook ; and
occupies a I'pace of about 636,000 acres ;
and is lb wide in lome parts, as th^t a Ihip,
in the middle uf it, cannot be feen from
thfe land. It opens into the Atlantic N W
and S £, between Cape Henlopeq on the
right, and Cape May on the left. Thei'e
capes are 1 8 or to miles apart. Delaware
R. was called Chihohocki by the aborigi-
nals, and in aii old Nurenbeigmap is nam-
fA Zuydt R. It rifes by two principal
branches in N. York rtate. The northern-
mofl of which, called the Mohawk's or
Cookquago branch, rifes in lake Utfayan-
the,Iat. 42 25, and takes a S W courle, and
turning S eaftwardly, it croiTes the Penn-
fylvania line in lat. 42 ; about 7 miles from
thence, it receives the Popachton branch
from the N E, which rities in thp Kaats Kill
mountains. Thence it runs fouthwardly,
until it Qrikes the N W corner of N. Jerfey,
in lat. 41 24 ; and then pulVcs ofF to lea
through Delaware bay ; having N. Jerfey
V, and Pennfylvania and Delaware W.
I'he bay and river are navigable from the
(ea up to the great or low<:r falls at Trca-
ton, 155 miles; and are accommodate^
with buoys and piers for the dircdlion and
fafety of Jliips. A 74 gun Hiip may go up
to Philadelphia, 120 niiies by the thip
channel from the fea. The di fiance acruls
the land, iu a S^£ courfe, to N. Jerfey coafl,
is but 60 miles. Sloops go iS miles above
Philadelphia, to Trenton fails ; boats that
carry 8or9 tons.ioo miles farther, and In»
dian canpes i jo miles, except I'cverallmal]
falls or portages. For other (Articulars
relating to this rivpr. See Henhpen, May,
Bombay Hock, JRecdy I. Schuylkill, Lehigh, &C.
It is in contemplation tp conned^ the wa-
ters of Chefapeak bay with thofe of Del-
aware R. by' 4 different canals, viz Elk K,
with Chrifuaua creek ; Broad creek, an-
othor branch with Red Lion creek ; Bo-
hemia, a third branch of the Elk, with
Apoquinemy creek ; and Chufler R. with
Dpck creek.
Delaware, a iniall river of Eafl Florida.
See Charlotte Haven.
Delaware, one of the United States of
N. America, is fituated between. 38 29 30,
and 39 54 N lat. and between 75 ; nd 75
48 W Ion. being in length 92 miles, and
in breadth 24 miles ; containing 2000
fquare miles, or 1,200,000 acres. It is
bounded £ by the river and bay of tlie
fapie name, and the Atlantic ocean ; on
the S by a line from Fenewick's ifland, in
N lat. 38 29 30, drawn W till it interfedis
what is commonly called the tangent line,
dividing it from the flate of Maryland ;
on the W by the faid tangent line, pafTing
northward up the peninfula, till it touch-
es the weftern part of the territorial cir-
cle ; and thei»ce on the N by the laid cir-
cle, defcribcd with a radius of 12 miles
about the town of Newcaftle, which di-
vides this ftate from Pennfylvania. Tliis
ftate derived its n:ime from Lord Dc La
War, who was inllrunipntal in eftabli fil-
ing tlie firft fettlement of Virginia. It is di-
vided into 3 counties, Newcallle, Kent, and
SufTex ; whofe chief towns are Wilming-
ton, Newcaftle, Dover and Lewes. Do- .
ver is the feat of Government. 1 he mun-
berofinhabitants is 64,173, of whom 6t53
are flaves. The eaftern fide of the ftritc is
indented witha large number oi crecks.or
fmall rivers, which generally iuve a fliort
courfe, foft banks, numerous ll.oais, and
are fkiited with very extemive niarilies,
anderipty into the river and bay ot Del-
aware. In the foufhei 11 and wcflcni
parts of this ftate, fpringths head watert
of Pocomoke, Wicoinico, N.iuticoke,
Choptaak, Chcner,Sal]V.fius and Buheiuia
livers,
&^
': »*
DEL
rivers, all falUnjj into Chefapeak bay ;
fome of them are navigable ao or 30 miles
into the country, for veflcls of 50 or 60
tons. The ftate of Delaware, the upper
parts of tlic county of Newcaftle exctpt-
*d, is, to fpeak generally, iow and level.
Large quantities of flagnant water, at
particular fcafonsof the year,overfprcad-
jng a great proportion of the land, render
it equally unfit for the purpofes of agri-
culture, and injurious to the heatth of the
inhabitants. The fpine, or highcft ridge
of the peninfula.runs through the flate of
Delaware, inclined to the eaftern or Del-
aware fide. Il is defignated in Suflex,
Kent, and part of Newcaftle co. by a re-
markable chain of fwamps, from which
the waters defcend on each fide, pafifingon
the eaft, to the Delaware, and on the \vc1k
to the Chefapeak. Delaware is chiefly an
agricultural ftate. It includes a very fer-
tile tra«Sl of country ; and fcarcely any
part of the United States is better adapt-
ed to the different purpofes of agriculture,
or in which a greater variety of the moft
iifeful productions can be fo conveniently
and plentifully reared. The foil along
the Delaware river, and from 8 to lo
miles into the interior country, is gener-
ally a rich clay. From thence to the
fwamps abovemcntioned, the foil is light,
fandy, and of an inferior quality. Except-
ing fome of the upper parts of the county
of Newcaftle, the furface of the ftate is
very little broken or irregular. The
heights of Chriftiana are lofty and com-
manding ; fome of the hiJls of Brandy wine
are rough and ftony ; but defcending
from thefe, and a fc^v others, the lower
country is fo little diverfified as ainioft to
form one extended plain. In the county
of Newcaftle tlte foil ctmfifts of a ftrong
<lay; in Kent, there is a confiderable
mixture of faiud ; and in Suflex, the quan-
tity of fand altogether predominates.
Wheat grows here in fuch perfection as
not only to be particularly fought by the
manufacfturers cf flour throughout the
Union, but alfo to be diftinguifhcd and
jweferred, for its fuperior qualities, in
foreign markets. This wheat poflefl'es an
tmcomtnon foftnefs and whitenefs, and
jiuik.es the beft liiperfine flour, aiwl in
father refpedts far exceeds the hard and
flinty grains raifed in general on the high-
er hinds. P.efide wheat, tiiis ftate gene-
rally produces plentiful crops of Indian
corn, barley, rye, oats, flax, buck wheat,
Mild potatoes, and the various kinds of
fruit in great perfection. It abounds in
DEL
natural and artificial meadows, containing
a large variety of grafl'es. Hemp, cotton,
and filk, if properly attended to, doubtlefii
would flourifli very well. The county of
SuiTcx, has excellent grazing lands. From
it alfo are exported very large ijuantities
of himber, obtained chiony from an
extenfive fwamp, called the Indian R. or
Cyprcfs Swamp, lying partly within this
ftate, and partly in the ftate of Maryland.
This rnorais extends 6 miles from E to W,
and nearly 12 from N to S, including an
area of nearly 50,000 acres of land. The
whole of this fwamp is a high and level
bafon, very wet, though undoubtedly the
highcft land between the fea and the bay,
whence the Pokomoke defcends on one
fide, and Injlian R. and St. Martin's on the
other. This fwamp contains a great vari-
ety of plants, trees, wild beafts, birds and
reptiles. Almoft the whole of the foreign
exports of Delaware are from Wilming-
ton : the trade from this ftate to Philadel-
phia is great, being tlie principal fource
whence that city draws its ftaple commod-
ity. No lefs than 265,000 barrels of flour,
300,000 bufliels of wheat, 1 70,000 bufli-
els of Indian corn, befide barley, oats,
flaxfeed, paper, flit iron, fnuff, falted pro-
vifions, &c. &c. to a very confiderable
amount, ar« annually fent from the wa-
ters of the Delaware ftate ; of whicb the
Chriftiana is by far the moft produiftive,
andprobablymany times as much foasany
other creek or river of like magnitude in
the Union; 245,000 bJrrelsof flour, andclh-
er articles, to the amount of 8o,oco dolls,
more, being exported from this creek ; of
which, to the value of 550,000 dollars, are
manufa«Sturcd on its northern bank, with-
in two or three miles of the navigation.
Among other branches of induftry exer-
cifed in and near Wilmington, are a cot-
ton manufa(£tory ; a bolting cloth nianu-
fa<ftory has lately been eftabliflied by an
ingenious Furopean ; both of which have
promlfed fair to be a lafting advantage to
the country. In the county of Newcaftle
are feveral fullingmills, a IhufFmills, i fliting
mill, 4 paper mills, and 60 mills for grird-
ing grain, all of which are turned by wa-
ter. But though Wilmington and its
neighbourliood ar« probably already the
greateft feat of manufadtures in the U. S.
yet they are capable of being much im-
proved in this refpeA, as the country ik
hilly and abounds with running water ;
the Brand) wine alone might, with a mod-
erate eupcnl'e, when compared with the
objci5t, be brought to the top of the hill
upuu
DEL
DEL
upon which Wilmington it fituated,
whereby a full fufiicient for forty mills,
in addition to thofc already built, would
be obtained. The legiilature, during their
feillon in January 1796, pafled an adl to
create a fund for. the edabliHiment of
fchools throughout the ftate. The manu-
fadture of flour is carried to a higher de-
gree of perfetflion in this (late than in any
other in the Union. Eelide the well
con(lru<£ted milb on Red clay and White
clay creeks, and other ftreams in dif-
ferent parts of the (late, the celebrated
colledtion of mills at Brandywine merit a
particular defcription. Here are to be
iieen, at one view, iz merchant mills (be-
iide a faw mill) which have double that
number of pairs of (loneg, all of fuperior
dimendons, and excellbnt conflruclion.
There mills are 3 miles from the mouth of
the creek on which they (land, half a
mile from Wilmington, and 17 from Phi-
ladelphia, on the pod road from the eaff-
ern to the fonthern dates. They are call-
ed the Bmndywine mills, from the ftream
on which they are eredled. This dream
rifes near the Welch mountains in Penn-
fylvania, and after a winding courfe of 30
or 40 miles through falls, which furnilh
numerous feats (130 of which are already
occupied) for every fpeciesof water works,
empties Into ChrLftiana creek, near Wil-
mington. The quantity of wheat manu-
faAured at thefe mills, annually, is not
accurately afcertaiued. It is eftrmated,
however, by the beft informed on the fiib-
jedt, that thefe mills can grind 400,000
imfliels in a year. But althou^li they are
capable of manufacturing this quantity
yearly, yet from the difficulty of procur-
ins; a^permanent fupply of grain, the infta-
bility of the flour market and other cir-
nimftances, there are not commonfy more
than from about 490 to 300,000 bufliels
of wheat and corn manufadurcd here
annually. In the fall of 1789, and fpriug
of 1790, there w^re made at the Brandy-
wine mills .?o,ooo barrels of fuperfine
flour, 1 354 do. of common. 400 do. mid-
dling, a* many of fliip (luff, and 1000 do.
com meal. The quantity of wheat and
com ground, from which this flour, &c.
was iriade, was 308,000 biiilicls, equal to
the export in thofe articles from the port
of Philadelphia for the fame year. Thefe
mills give employment to about 200 per-
fbns, viz. about 40 to tend the mills, from
50 to 70 coopers to make ca(k8 for the
flour, a fufficient number to man it floops
•f about 30 tea* eacli, which, are employ-
ed in the tranfportation of the wheat nnS
flour, the reft in various other occupation*
conne«Sted with the mills. The naviga-
tion quite to thefe mills is fuch, that a
vefiel carrying 1000 buflieU of wheat
may be laid along fide of any of thefe
mills; and befide fome of them the water is
of iuflicient depth to admitvefl'eU of twice
the above iiv.e. The vcflels are unloaded
with a(loniniiug expedition. There have
been inftances of 1000 buihcls being car*
ried to the height of 4 (hiries in 4 hours.
It is frequently the cafe that veflels witb
jooo bufliels of wheat come up with flood
tide, unlade and go away the fuccceding
ebb with 300 barrels of flour on board.
In confequencc of the machines introduc-
ed by the ingenious Mr. Oliver Evans,
-fths of the mamial lalxiur before found
necelTary is now fiiflicient for every pur-
pofe. By means of thefe machines, when
made ule of in the full extent propofed
by the inventor, the whesit will he receiv-
ed on the fliallop's dcqk, thence carried to
the upper loft of the mill, and a eon (id (?ra-
blo portion of the fame returned in flour
on the lower floor, ready for packing,
without the afliftance- of manual labour
but in a very fmall deforce, iu proportion
to the bufinefs done. The tranfportation
of flour from the mills to the port of Wil-
mington, does not require half an hour ;
and it is frequently the cafe that a cargo
is taken from the mills and delivered at
Phihidelphia the fame day. The (itua-
tionof thefe mills is very pleafant and
healthful. The firft mill was built hete
about 60 years ftnce. There is now a
fmall town of 40 houfes, principally ftone
and brick, which, together w(ith the mills
and the veflels loading and unloading be-
(ide thorn, furnifli a charming profprdl
from the bridge, from whence they are all
in full view. Befide the wheat and flour
trade, this (tate exports lumber and vari-
ous other articles. The amount of ex-
ports for the year ending September 3Cth,
1791, was 119,878 dolls. 93 cents; d»>.
1792,133,972 dolls. 47 cents; do. 1793,
9.1»559 doll*. 45 cents j do. 1794, 307,985
dolls. 33 cents ; do. I795» 1.^8,041 dolls.
21 cents ; do. 1801, 440,jro4 dolLs. loiliis
ftate there is a variety of religious denom-'
inations. Of Pre(hyterians there are 24
churches ; of Epifcopalians 14 ; of Bap-
tifts 7 ; of Methodifts, a coniiderable num-
ber, efpecially in the two lower counties
of Kent and SufTex ; the number of their
churches is not exadlly afcertained. Be-
fide thefe there is a Swedifli church at
Wilmirgton*
;.iil,
t)EL
iV'ilmlngton, which it one of the oldeft
churches in the United State*. There are
£cw minerals in this ftate, except iron ;
large quantities of bot| iron, ore, very fit
for cafiings, are found tii Siiflez co. among
the branches of Nanticoke R. Before
the revolution this ore was worked to a
great amount. ; but this bufinefs has fince
declined. Wheat and lumber are the fta«
pie commodities of this (late. The other
articles of produce and nianufadhire, are
Indian corn, barley, pats, flaxfeed, falted
proviflons, paper, flit iron. fnulF, See. Set-
tlements were nude here oy the Dutch a-
bout the year 1613, and by the Swedes
about the year 1637. Their fettlements
were coniprehended in the grant to the
duke of York ; and U^lliam Penn united
them to his government by purchafe.
They were afterwards ffeparated, in fome
meafure, from Penilfylvania,and denomi-
nated the 'ttree Lower Countiet, They
had their own afiemblies, but the gover-
nor of Pennfylvania ufed to attend, as he
did in his own proper goveminent. At
the late revolution, the three counties
were eredted into a fovereign ftate ; and
liave eftabliihed i republican conftitu-
tion.
Dtlavaari Co. in Pennfylvania, is S W of
Philadelphia co. on Delaware R. It is
about 21 miiesin iength.and 15 in breadth,
containing il.r,loo acres, and fubdivided
into 41 townfliips ; the chief of which is
Chefter. The number of inhabitants is
12,809. Hie iands bordering On the Del-
aware are low, and aiFord excellent mead-
ow and palturage ; and arc guarded ff om
inundations by mdiinds of earth or dykes,
which are fometimes broken down in ex-
traordinary fredies in the river. If this
liappens before cutting the grafs, the crop
t>f hay is loft for that feafoa, and the rep-
aration of the breaches is expenlive to the
firoprietors. Great numbers of cattle are
>r<night here from the wedern parts of
Virginia, and N. Carolina, to be fattened
for fupplying the Philadelphia market.
Ddatvare, a county in N. York, on the
head waters of Delaware R. and has a 1,700
inhabitants.
:\Dth'a)aret a ton^diip in Wayne co.
Pennfylvania, has 381 inhabitants.
Delatuaret, an Indian nation, formerly
liumcrons and powerful, and who poflTeif-
cd part of Pennfylvania, N. Jerfey, and
l4. York, "fhis name w'as doubtlcfs given
them \tf the Europeans ; for they call
thcmfelves Lennilenape, that is, Indian
nen : or Woipanachky, which fignifies a
i)EM
people living towards the rifing fun. Tlii^
now refide about half way between lake
Erie and Ohio R. They are an ingenious
and intelligent people ; arid like the Si^
Nations, are celebrated for their courage,
peaceable difpofition, .and powerful alli-
ances. Almoft all the neighbouring na-
tions are in league with them, efpccially
the Mahikan, Shawanves, Cherokces^
Twichtwees, Wawiachtanos, Rikapus^
Moflikos, Tuckachflias, Chippeways, O'
tawas, Piitewoatamies, and *" leaf
The Delawares were lately . ^ile, b<'
niade peace with the United States, 1 795*
and ceded fome lands. The United States,
on the other hand, have engaged to pay
them iiii goods, to the value oif 1000 dolls,
a year for ever. Formerly the Delaware*
could furnidi 600 warriors ; but theiif
number is conflderabiy decreafcd by war
unce that time;.
Delaware Tovbiijliifi, id the connty of
Suffolk, U. Canada, lies on the E fide of
the river Thames, on the plaint abovi
the Delaware village of Indians;
Deliverance, Cape, is the S £ point oTthe
land of Louiliade. Bougainville was here,
and named it in 1768.
Del Rey, a captainfliip in the foutherri
diyifion of fiirazil, whofe chief town is St.
Salvadore.
Del Spiritu Sanio, a river which falls into
the gulf of Mexico, at the N W end of
the peninfula of Florida-
Demararai a river in Dutch Guiana, ill
S. America, is about two ni'les wide at its
month, dppofite the fort, on the £ bank
of the riVer, and abcfut 45 miles diftaht
from Abary creek; It is fcareely a mile:
wide, t% miles above the fort { and ittf
courfe is from S to N. It i* navigable
upwards of 200 miles for veiTels which
can pafs the bar at its mouth, which is a
mud bank, riot having above 24 feet at
the higheft tides. The difference between
high and low water mark, is from lO M
I i feet. The fort, if properly fupiplied
with men and ammunition, is able eflec-
tually to guard its entrance. Staebroeck^
the (eat of government, (lands on the E.
(ide of the fiver, i^ miles above the fort*
Demamra, a diftriift in Dutch Ottian^
which, together with ElTequcbo, fotm one
governmient, and have the fame court of
police, but each has a feparate court of
juftice. The two diftridts contain about
3000 whites, and 46,000 (laves. Dema-
rara R. which gives name to the didridl,
pafles through it,and is ufually vifited by
40 or 50 large fhips from Holland, who
^ cftea
Mfteb make 1
upwards of
Dutch and
are regular!)
fea (hore, ca
•fa mile wic
mile back ii
contains aboi
fully cultivat
tain a fimiiai
fo on in prog
tain laOjOoo
ally half a j
tioa is reckoi.
"egrocs. Th
creeks are chi
the diftance o
fea ; thence
foil becomes G
canes. Beyor
wood, for buil
The following
produce fliipi
Demarara, an
Jan. I, 1798, t
the Cuftom Hi
rear. VmcIi. Su
l?^:„ HI
I'oretyu, jj j
JIntilh,
I'ortigii,
1800.
Britilh,
Foreign,
aui (
71 I
300
. ayo 10,
Biitilh. 539 13,
f ©reign, H6
2+5 '4
Total, 1049 36..
54.643 (laves \
'798, to Jan. 1,
Demi ^ian,
on the wellern :
^. W, territory,
courfe, is naviga
fwamp of its nai
near its mouth
wide, 34 miles a
tnilcs above the
of a circular fori
'ivcr, is 6 miles
the liliuois by a
171 miles from t
De/iyt £. a fn
CO. Maine, aa
fourcc M in a pi
V«i. I. *^
»EN
DEH
iiftcti make two voyages in i yitt, bcfidc
upwards of 250 fniller Tcfliels, under the
Dutch and other flags. The plantations
are regularly laid out in lots along the
fca (hote, called fa^des, about a quarter
•f a mile wide, and extending '|tlis of a
mile back into the country. Each lot
contains about 250 acres each ; and when
fully cultivated, the proprietor may ob-
tain a fimilar traiSt back of the firn, and
fo on in progrcffion. Each lot will con^
tain iao,ooo cotton trees, averaging ufu-
ally half a { .^u. ttee; Such a planta-
tion is reckoi. . well (locked to have 120
negroes. The {hores of the river* and
creek: are chiefly planted with cufTee, to
the diftance of aboRt 30 miles from the
fea ; thence 30 miles further up, tiie
foil becomes clayey and more fit for fugar
canes. Beyond this, the Hacft kinds of
wood, for building, furniture, &c. arc cut.
The following is an account of all the
produce flilppcd from the colonies of
Demarara, and its dependencies, from
Jan. 1, 1798, to Jan. i, 1802, taken from
the Cuflom Houl'e books.
Tear. Viiaeh. Sugiir. Rum.
I7^ii. Hhils. Puiichs,
88.«
Forcisju>
Bntilh,
1800.
Britift,
Foreign,
>8oi.
Britifli,
I-°orei);n,
"5
77
no;
R8s
3U1 6472 1714
Cotton. Cffji-
Bales. rounds.
9 6:,J,327
71
3884
1598
105
14,1/9
6,146,325
151.3K6
ai2 5>82 50i 15,769 3.846,877
300
90
8101
2160
J193
l3o<i
SjfO 10,361 34y<i
SJ9 12,563
Mb i,;6l
3+5 '4. '64
Total, 1049 36,579
1804.
1760
3.164
9^77
31.4^6
'4
30470
3l,6i|0
21.641
83.759
11,324,608
308,528
ii/>33<'36
9.754.»98
8,1!, 2 j6
— ■ — . * I
lo,;;yft,374
32,222,562
34,<i43 flaves were imported from Jan.
Z798, to Jan. I, 1 80a.
Lemi ^man, a river, fwamp and lake
on the wellern lide of Illinois R. in the
^I. W. territory. The river runs a S S E
courfe, is navigable I20 miles, and has the
fwamp of its name on the northern bank
near its mouth ; which lafl is 50 yards
wide, 32 miles above Sagamond, and i6.f
miles above the Miffifippi. The lake is
of a circular form, 2co yards W of the
river, is 6 miles actofs, and empties into
the Illinois by a fmall pafTage 4 feet deep,
171 miles from the Miffifippi.
DeHyt R. a fmall river in Wafliington
CO. Maine, 22 miles, £ of Machias. Its
fource is in a pond about 6 or S miles
Vti. I. 8
long, and about % miles wide, tailed Mc
dabcmps, in which are the corners of 4
townfliips or plantations, |>i'ngrctliag ia
fettlement, viz. No. 6, 7, 15, and 16 Af-
ter running a S cafterly courfe about 15
or 10 miles, it joins the N branch of Kob«
beikook, and pafling by Eaflport on the
N, empties into the Welt paflage, fo called,
bet.veen Campo Bello, and the main.
The country between this river and Ma-
chias.iu X794,\vasa wildernefs. The banks
of the river were at this time thinly fettled
by a regulaf and well difpofed people.
DcnyjfvlUe, a pofl: town of Wafliington co.
Maine 27 miles £ of Macluas.
Drnnit, a poft town in Barnlbible co.
Maflachufctti, incorporated into a tovra-
ihip in 1793, and is 80 miles i> £ from
Bolton, and 8 from Barnflable, and con-
tains 1 4c 8 inhabitants. In this town are
the villages of NobfculTett, of J2 houfes,
and Suet of 36 houfes.
Di.Hnit Crtel, in Cape May co. N. Jerfey ;
the pofl ofllce here is 219 miles fromWalu-
iugton.
DtitttH, the chief and pofl totvn of Car-
oline CO. in Maryland, on the £ fide of
Choptank creek, the £ main branch uf
Choptank R. It is laid out regularly, and
has a few houfes, and lies 7 miles S of
Greenfljorough, and 37 S S E of Chefter.
DeptforJi a town in Gloucefler co. N.
Jerfey.
Dtrby, a townfliip in Orleans cd. Ver-
mont, on the N line of the (late, on the £
ihore of lake Memphreniagug.
Derby, a pofl town in New Haven co.
Conne<fUcut, on the pomt of land formed
by the confluence of Naugntuck and Hou-
fatonick rivers. I'his town was fettled iu
1665, under New Haven jurifdidlion, and
is now divided into two pariilies, and has
an academy. It has a confiderable trade
with the W, Indies for fo fmall a town,
and a number of mills on the f:dlsof Nau^
gatuck, and flreuras wliich f.-ill into it,
and iron and other works on Eight mile K.
which falls into the Houf:;tonick, which
is navigable 12 miles to this town. It has
1878 iuhabitants.
Derby, or Darby, Upper and Lower, iu
Delaware co. Pennfylvania, containing,
the former £62, the latter 980 inhabitants*
7 miles S W of Philadelphia.
Derry, a townfliip in Dauphin co. Penn-
fylvania, on the E fide of Swetara creek,
a miles above its confluence with the Suf-
quehanna, and celebrated for its curious
cave. See D<.;uplin Q», It hat 1666 ia-
h.^bitaats.
Herrp
\ V-)
\4\
DET
DET
1'''
It
Deny, t towo ia Mifflin CO. Peonfylra-
nia, 11^5 inhabitants. There is another
town of this name ia Northumberland co.
which has 1570 inhabitants.
Derrjif-'d, * townilup in N. Hampflitire,
on the £ bank of Merrimack R. Hillflwr-
ough CO. containing 557 inhabitautSj and
was incorporated in 1751. It is a good
trad of land, has x Prelbyterian meeting
houfes, and was originally fettled by a
company from Ireland. A fair is annu<iily
lieH here. It b 42 miles W of Portfrnouth.
DerityUr, a poll town of Chenango 00.
N. York, S tit Cazenovia, adjoUiing. It
has .110 inhabitants.
Dtfaqiuidtroy a river in Peru, over which
the Ynca Huana Capac built a biid^e of
flags and ruflies, to tranfport his army to
the other fide, and which remained a few
years iince.
Defeada^ DtJlnuUt or DefiJerada, the firft
of ihe Caribbee iflands, difcovered by Co-
lumbus in his fectMid voyage, anno 1494,
when he gave it that name. It is iituatcd
E of Guadaloupe, and fubjecfl to the
French ; and is of little confequence ex-
cept in time of war, when it is tlie refort
of a nimiber of privateers. It is 10 miles
long and 5 broad, and looks at a diftance
like a galley, with a low point at the N
W end. The Spaniards make this in their
way to America, as well as Guadaloup^
N iat. 16 40, Wlon. 61 aa
DefeaJa, or Cafe Defire, the fouthcrn
point of the ilraiu of Magellan, in S.Amer-
ica, at the entrance of the South Sea. S
Iat. 53 4, Ion. 74 18 W.
Dffcrt Ifland, Moi.tit, on the coaft of the
diQridl of Maine, MafTachufetts, contains
about 200 families, divided into two dit-
ferent fettlements, about 15 miles apart.
Defefpoir, Cape^oT Defpau; on the north-
ern fide of Chaleur bay, If about 3 leagues
W S W of Bonaventurc Ifland. There is
a large cod fifliery here.
D^ptiir, a bay on the S wcftern fide of
Newfoundland IHand, adjoining to Fortune
bay on the N cadward ; which fee.
DeJIruSion Ifland, lies ofFthc coaft of New
Albion, in bt. 47 3 7 N, Ion. 144 1 1 W. It
is about a league in circumference, level,
and almolt entirely barren, producing a
few dwarf trees only, although the coun-
try to the fouthward of it, exhibits an
appearance of the greateft fertility.
VuHcouvtr,
Detour, in U. Canada, the entrance into
lake Huron from Muddy lake, to the S
and W of St. Jofepb's i/land.
Ditwr, on the N fliorc of lake Huron,
lici a little to the T. of the iflei au Serpent,
DeHmr Point, is ou the W main, iu the
ftrait made by St. Jol'eph's ifland.
Detour dej jftt^foji, or £opSi/l Turn, is a
circu^^r dire«£tion of tlw nvcr Mi^fiAppi,
To very con&derahlr, that vefl'cls cannot
pal's it with the fume wind that condu^ilcd
them to it, aiul mull citiier wi>it fur a fa-
vourable wind, or make fall to the bank,
and haul clofe ; tiicre being fuificient
d«pth of water for any vefltl that can en-
ter the river. The two forts and bat-
teries at this place <m both fides the river,
are more than AiiGcient to ftop the prog-
rrfs of any veflel whatever. Dr. Cox, of
N. Jerfey, afcendcd tJie Miffifippi to thi?
place, anno i6<y8, took poflt-Hion and call-
ed the country Carolina. It lies 18 miles
below New Orleans, and 87 above the
Bali7.e. The banks of the river are fet-
tled and well cultivated from this to Ncvr
Orleans, and there is a good road for car-
riages all the way. JIuubint,
D'Etroit, a. poA and principal town and
the bed fortified, in tlie country N W of
the Oljio river. It is the chief town of
the CO. or territory of Wayne, and is fit-
uatcdon the weflcrnbank of tjie {Irait St.
Clair, or D'Etroit R. between lake Erie
and bike St. Clair ; 18 milct N of the W
end of the former, and 9 miles below the
latter. Fort D'Etroit is of an oblong fig-
ure, built with Aockades, and advanta-
geoufly fituated,with one entire fide com-
manding the river. It is near a mile in
circumference, and endofes about 300
houfes and a Roman Catholic church; built
in a regular manner, with parallel llreets
croflfmg each other at right angles. Its
fituation is delightful, and in the centre
of a plealant and fruitful country. For 8
miles below, and the fame diftance above
Fort D'Etroit, on both fides of the river,
the country is divided into regular and
well cultivated plantations ; and from t!ie
contiguity of the farmers' houfcs to each
other, they appear as two long extended
villages. The inhabitants, who were mod-
ly French, were about woo in number in
1778, 500 of whom were as good markf-
men as the Indians themfclves, and as well
accnftomed to the woods. They raife large
ftocks of black cattle, and great quantities
of corn, which they grind by windmills
and maimfacSlure into excellent flour. The
chief trade of D'Etroit confifts in a barter
of coaife European goods With the native*
for furs, deer Ikins, tallow, &c. By the
treaty of Greenville, Aug. 3, 1795, the In-
diana have ceded to tlie United States the
poll
port nf D'Et
the W and t
title has be
grants 10 th
ments, and I
nexed to Dl
cd between
Clair on thi
ctnirfe when
W end of h
The fort,&,
BritiHi in Jul
It lies 18 mil
by W from V
W Ion. 8» 56
D'Etroit M
from lake St.
of lake Erie, f
between the I
In afccuding i
.1 niilen wide,b
(o that opp<)|
lake Erie, It d(
width; from
widens to mot
nel of the ftrait
enough for flii
though it is inc(
one of which is
Thefe iflands a
their fituation
pearance. Th
miles ; and feve
ly from the N '
riere, D'Etroit,
are feveral win
an orchard adi
The fettlers
provements .
When the fru
profpeA as yoi
perhaps as deli
D'Etroit, le I
Canada, is belo
the Ottawa R.
Devift Moul
to a frightful v
g«ay,in NewS
13 to.WIon. 6
Devil'i No/l; i
of lake Ontario
and a3 N W of
Dniil't IJland,
hay.isinSomer
Filhingbay aid
Dfwaert, an i
at fome diftanc
S. America. T
firft difcoverer.
Dewie, an ill:
DEW
OIS
pflft rtf D'Etroif, and all the land totlie N,
the W and tlie S ot it, of wliicli the Indian
title has been cxtingiiidied by gift% or
grant* lo the Ircnch or Englilh jjirvcm-
menta, and fo inuch nifire land is to be an-
nexed to Dlitri'it as rtjaW l«e comprehend-
ed between Rofine R. on the S ; lake St.
Clair on the N ; and si hue, the general
ctnirfe whereof iTiall be 6 mile* from the
W end of lake Erie and D'Etroit. river.
The fort, &c. was delivered tip by the
Britifli in July, 1796, according to treaty.
It lies 18 miles N of lake Eric, 7*4 N W
by W from Philadelphia. N lat. 41 40,
W ion. 82 56.
D'Etrolt Rivet; or Strait of St. Clair, ifluti
from lake St. Clair and enters tlic W end
of lake Erie, forming part of the boundary
between the United States and U. Canada.
In afccnding it, it» entrance is more tlan
J milen wide,but it perceptibly diniioiihes;
fo that oppofite the fort, 18 miles from
lake Erie, it does not exceed half a mile in
width ; from thence to lake St. Clair it
widens to more than a mile. The chan-
nel oftheftrait is Eentic, and wide and deep
enough for fhipping of great burden, al-
though it is incommoded by feveral iflands,
one of whichis more than 7 miles in length.
Thefe iflands are of a fertile foil, and from
their fituation afford a very agreeable ap-
pearance. The length of the river is a8
miles ; and feveral ftreams fall into it chief-
ly from the N W, viz. Bauche, Clora, Cur-
riere, D'Etroit, and Huron rivers. There
are feveral windmills on the D'Etroit, and
an orchard adjoining almofl every houfe.
I'he fettlers are numerous, and the im-
provements handfome and extenfive.
When the fruit trees are in bloffom, the
profpedt as you pafs through the (Irait is
perhaps as delightful as any in the world.
D'Etroit, h P(tii, on the Ottawa R. U.
Canada, is below the upper main forks of
the Ottawa R.
Devil's Mouth, a name given by failors
to a frightful volcano, near I^eon Nicara-
guay, in New Spain, near the lake. N lat.
13 10, W Ion. 65 10.
Devil's No/l; a promontory on the S fide
of lake Ontario, 16 miles E of Fifliing bay,
and »3 N W of the mouth of Genenee R.
Dmil's IJtand, on the E fide of Chefapeak
bay, is in Somerfet co. Maryland, between
Firfiingbay aid Naokin river.
Deivaert, an incnnfiderable ifland lying
at fome diftance E of Terra Magellanica,
!^. America. It had its name from the
firft difcoverer.
Dcwce, an ifland is S, Carolinai vrbich
f9rm» oncof the threcharbounof Charlc(^
ton city.
Diablc,IJIftau,'m the river St. Lawrcuce,
in U. Canada, lies betweei%the Ifleau I^ong
Sault, and the townfiupof Ofnabruck.
Dramoiid,»t Ronnd IJiaitd, one of the Greo-
adillcs, in the W. Indies. See Ifhotfi/e i/r.
Dicttnfon College. See Carl'Jfe, in Pcnnfyl-
▼ania.
Dici'j R. in Kentucky, is a branch of
Kentucky B^ which it joins in a N W di-
rciirtion. It is about 50 milci long, and
45 yardi wide at the raouth, and has a
number of excellent mill feats, and runt
through a body of fir (I rate land.
Diekviajftt, or Digdngvap^ a river, in the
Britifh province of N. Brunfwick, which
empties into Pafiamaquoddy bay.
Diip Trtvn, or Dee/> ToTvn, a town on,
the N. weftem fide of the tlland of St.
Chriftopher's in the W. Indies, on a baj
of the fame name.
Digiy, fituatedoQthcS E fide of Annapo-
lis bay, 18 miles S W of Annapolis, and
53 N by E of Yarmouth, is one of the mod
confiderable of the new fettlemeuts in
Nova Scotia.
Digget Cafe, on the S fide of Hudfoa
ftraits, N lat. 6% 41, W Ion. 78 50.
DightoH, a port town in Briftol co. Maf-
fachufetts, 7 miles from Taunton, and 20
from Warren, in Rhode Ifland. There
are in the towiifliip, 1666 inhabitants.
Dinviddie, a CO. i . Virginia, S of Appa-
mattox R. which divides it from Chefter-
iield. It is about .lo miles long, and 20
broad, and its chief town is Peterfburg.
I'he CO, contains 4987 free inhabitants,
and 6866 (laves.
Difiippointment, a bay On the N W coaft
of N.America. Nlat.52 ij, Wlon, 129.
Bifmal, a fwamp in the townfhip of
Milton, . Lincoln CO. Maine.
Difmiil Stvamp, called the Great Difmal^
to diflinfiiiiih it from another fwamp call-
ed Difnial, in Currituck co. is a very large
bog extending from N to S near 30 miles,
and from £ to W at a medium about 10
miles ; partly in Virginia, and partly in
N. Carolina. No lefs than 5 navigable
rivers, befide creeks, rife from* it ; twa
run into Virginia, viz. the,S branch of
Elizabeth, and the S branch of Nanfc-
mondrivcr,and 3 into N. Caroliua,namely,
N. R. N, W. R, and Perquimons. All thel'e
hide their heads, properly I'peaking, in
the Difroal, there being no figns of them
above ground. For this, reafon there
mud be plentiful fubtcrraneous fioreg
of water to feed fo many rivers, or elfe
the
V ■
;ih
I ill?
DIS
DOG
ihe foil it frt replete with tM« clement,
drained from the high lands that fiirroiind
it, that it can abundantly afford tiicfc
fiippU«3. This is moft probable, as tl)e
ground of the fwamp is a mere quagmire,
trembling under the feet cf thofe that
walk upim it, and every impreflion is in-
ftantty tilled with water. The flcirts of
he iwamp, towards the E are overgrown
with reeds, loor la feot high, intcrlperf-
ed every where with (Iroag bamboo briers.
Among thcfcgrowhere and there acyprefs
or white ced tr, which laft is commonly
miftakcn for the juniper Towards the S
end of it is a large tradt of reeds, which
being condantly green, and waving in the
\vind, is called the green fea. In many
parts, efpecially on the borders, grows an
evergreen flimb, very plentifully, called
the g.ll bufli. It beaf* a berry which
dies a black colour like the gall of an oak,
whence it has its name. Near the middle
of the Difmal the treeu grow much thick>
f r, both cyprcfs and cedar. Thefe being
alvrays green, and loaded with very large
tops, are much ezpofed to the wind and
eafdv blown down, the boggy ground af-
fordmg but a fleuder hold to the roots.
Neither bcaft, bird, infedl pr reptile, ap»
proach the heart of this horrible defert ;
perhaps deterred by the everlafting fliadc,
pccafioncd by the thick Hirubs and bufh-
es, which the fun can never penetrate, to
warm the earth : nor indeed do any birds
care to fly Qver it, any more than they ar^
faid to UQ over the lake Avernns, for
fear of the noifome exhalations that rife
from this vaft body of filth and naAinefs.
Thefe noxious vapours infedl the aif
round about, giving agues and other dif-
tcmpeis to the neighbouring inhabitants.
On the weftern border of the Difmal is a
pine fwamp, above a mile in breadth,
great part of which is covered with water
knee deep ; the bottom, ho^-cver, is firm,
^nd the.pines grow very tall, and 3^'' not
«*afily blo'N n down by the wind, M'ith all
thefe difadvaiitagcs, the Difmsl is, in ma-
ny places, pleafing to the eye, though dif:
agreeable to the other fcnfes This dread-
ful f vSmp WIS judged impalTablc, till the
line, dividing Virginia from N. Carolina,
•vvas carried through it, in N lat. 36 28, in
the year 1718, by order of king George
II. Although it happened then to be a
very drv feilon, the men who were em-
ployed in pufliing the line were not alto-
aether free fron\ apprehenfions of being
uarved ; it being 10 whole days before
t^^ work was accomglifhed, though they
prAreeded with all poITible ditigrnce sn4
rcfolution, and bcfidc had no difaftcr t«
retard them. This fwamp is cheifly own-
ed by two companies. The Virginia com-
pany, of which Gen. Wasuinoton was
one, owns ioo,oco acres : the N. Carolina
company owns 40,000 acrci. In the
midll of the fwamp i> * l«ke, about 7
miles long, called Drummond's pond,
whofe waters difchargc themfelves to the
S into Pafquotank river, which emptie«
into Albemarle found} on the N into
Elizabeth and Nanfcmond rivers, which
fall .into James R. A navigable canal is
now digging to conneiH: the navigable
waters of the Pafquotank and Elizabeth
rivers. The diftance about 14 miles.
This canal will pafs about a mile £ of
Drummond's pond, and will receive water
f'om it. The canal company are incorpo-
rated by the corcurring laws'of Virginia
and N. Carolina. This canal, when 6n\i}\-
ed, will open an inland navigation from
the head of Chefapeak bay, including all
the ri\xr8 in Virginia, to Georgetown in
S. Carolina ; and when the fhort canal
I from Elk river to Chriftiana cieek is
opened, the communication will extend
tp Philatlelphia and the other ports con-
neftcd with Delavyare river. Such an ex-
tenfive inland communication mufl be
beneficial in time of peace, and in time
of war will be eflentially Terviceable.
Dixon t Sound, on the N W coad of N.
America, is the paflage into the found be-
tween the main land uid Wafliington's or
Qu^n Charlotte's iflands, from the N W.
This fecms to be what is called in Ameri-
ca BarreWs Sound ; which fec.
Dixfdii, A town in Cumberland co.
Maine, on the N bank of Androfcoggin R.
having Jay on thp E, and Wilton N, about
70 miles N of Portland.
Dixhllh, apoft town,Sufirolk co. N. York,
190 miles N E of Wafhington.
Dixon's Sprin^f, in Smith CO. Teneflee.
Here is a port office, 691 milei W by S
from Wafliington.
Dohb't Ferry, on Hudfon R. it a6 miles
above N. York city.
Dogs IJlanii, one of the fmaller Virgin
iflands, V/ of Virgin Gorda,and E of Tor-
tula. N lat. 18 ao, W Ion. 6a 55.
Z>«^ Ribbed Indians, inhabit round lake
Ediande, in the N W part of N. America.
They are often at war with the Athapul~
cow Indians. Both thefe tribes are among
the moft fayage of the human race. They
trade with the Hudfon bay company's
fettlements. Ediande lake lies N of the
Athapufcew
Athapiifco'
ariilic circl
Dtminga,
«cean,at tl
ico.lftthel:
•xcept tiic
cradle of \
world. C!
it the 6th
called it }
tdinout lar
called Qiiifq
mother of
the name ol
fuliofhubit
called it Hi,
name the s'
Domingo is
other natio
the capital
was thus n
of his fat he
twcen 17 5
71 and 77
leagues E N
4nd to N V
Dot inelttdii
that furroui
to W.andfi
S, When t
illand, then
ion of hapi
mew de las
miUions. S
ties of the S
mous heigh
fion of the
reduced to (
years I It fo
enied by ia\
names of tl
MLaritn, Hig
The Spaniat
of the iiland
the year %
French, and
forced then
after repeat
were forced
French. Tl
vivors of tl
niers, or hs
afcendency i
i640,formei
born under
all the powi
colony, undt
government,
phers, and ai
ppanifh part
DOM
©OM
iltlupvifcow fea, or lake, and near iiif
aritlic circle.
D»miiig9,St. an illand in th^ Atlantic
«eean, at t\\e entrance of the giilf ot Mex-
ico, i» the brged of the four ^reat Antilles,
■xcept tite ifland of Cuba,iiii4 proved the
cradle of European power in the new
world. Chriftopher Columbus landed on
it the 6th of Dec. i4;z. The natives
called it Hayli, fignifyin^ high or moun-
Uinout land Charlevoix Taya it wa%
called Qit/jutytt, that is, great country, pf
mother of cotintrie*. Others f.iy it had
the name of Bobio, which means, a country
full of habitations and villages. Columbu*
called it Hifpanhla, or Little Spain, which
name the Spaniards Hill retain, though St.
Domingo is the name commonly uted by
other nations ; fo called from St. Ham iiaa,
the capital of the Spanifli part ; which
was thus named by Columbus in hnnor
of his father. St. Domingo is fttup.tcd be-
tween 1 7 55 and lo N lat. and between
11 and 77 W Ion from Paris. It lies 45
leagues E N £ of Jamaica, 2a S E of Cuba,
4nd ao N W by W of Porto Rico ; and is,
Qot including the fmall dependent illanc!^
that furround it, 1 60 lca2;iies long from E
to W,and from 60 to 70 broad fronj N to
S. When the Spaniards difcovered the
ifland, there were on it at leafl a mill-
ion of happy inhabitants, and Bartholo-
mew de las Cafas fay« there were three
iniilinns. Such, however, were the cruel-
ties of the Spaniards, and to fuch an infa-
mous height did thev carry their oppref-
iion of the poor natives, that they were
reduced to 60,000 in the fliort Ipace of 15
years ! It formed five kingdoms, each gov-
erned by fovereigns called caciques. The
names of thefe kingdoms were Moqua,
Afarien, Higiiay, Maguana, and Xaraguny.
The Spaniards had pofleilion of the whole
of the ifland for 1 20 years. At lad, about
the year 1630, a handful of Englilh,
French, and other Europeans, came and
forced them to fight in its defence, and
after repeated wars for 50 years, they
were forced to divide the ifland with the
French. Thefe latter, being the only fur-
vivors of tlic llrft freebooters or bucca-
niers, or having infenfibly acquired an
afcendency among them, had, fo early as
1640, formed this aflcmbly of individuals,
born under the domination of almod
all the powers of Europe, into a French
colony, under the diredtion of the general
government, firll eflabliflied at St. Chrino-
fhers, and afterwards at Martinico. The
papifh part is by far the mofl extenfive
and the woft fertile ; th.it of the Frencli
the bed cultivated. The whulo ilUnd
now belonjM to the French republic. lli»
Sp:inlards li ivin,^ cedrd their pirt ot it to
that power in tue tre.ity of i;9.«. 'Hi*
Sp .niards, however ungrateful to the di'.-
covercr of the new world during his lite,
would not Icive his duft out of their ter-
ritories. The remains of C()lunib\is, who
died the loth of May, I5c6, v eta tir.1 do-
pofitcd in Seville, alterwnrdu rcni<A"«.d to
the cathedral in the city or ^t. Dcming<»,
and lalUy conveyed to tlie llav,,iina!i in a
74 gun Ihip ; and on the i';tl> of J-muaty,
1796, all that w:is mortal of that great
man, was committed to the earth the third
time, with great parade and ceremony.
The French audSpanifli territories, which
are now united under one head, are both
alike in pofl'cfling the various prod»«flione
common to the W. Indies. The E^opcnn
cattle arc lb multiplied here, that they ruit
wild in the woods ; few of thefe are in
the Frcuch part, in compariibn with the
.Spanilli. The two j^reat chains of moun-
tains, >vhich extend from )•- to W, and
their numennis I'pura, give tlie illand an
afpecfl, at a diflance, not I'o favourable ps
if '.lefervos. They are, however, tlie caufc
of the fertility of the ifland. Tlicy give
Iburce to innurnerable rivers, repel the
violence of tl;e winds, vary the tempera-
ture of the air, and multiply the rerourccs
of human induftry. They abound witl»
exrellent timber, and mines of iron, lead,
copper, fdvor, gold, feme precious Hones,
and even mercu*^. Here are the moun-
tains of Cibaa, Sc.'/f, and Hotff, reckoned
rooo fathoms above the level of tie fe.-u
In the bowels of the firft, the cruel Span-
iards condemned thoiifnndi, of the natives
to facrifice their lives, in learch of gold.
The mines are not now worked. In the
plains, ia the Spaniflj part, the heat is
nearly uniform, but varies in proportioa
to their diflance from the mountains. Ia
the plains, the thermometer is fometimcj
at 99. In the mountains it rarely rifea
above 77. There tlio night? are ccol
enough to render a blanket not unwel-
come ; and there arc mountains where
even a fire is a very agreeable companion
ip fome evenings. '1 Tic contraft of vio-
lent heats and heavy r.iins renders St.
Domingo humid ; hence the tarnillied ap-
pearance of almofl all mct.^ls, however
brilliant the polilli they may originally
have had. This is particularly obfcrvable
on the fea fliore, which is more unhealthy
than the interior parts of the ifland. The
fouther*
DOM
Pm^tfm pnrt ©f the ffand »• ful»)ecl lo
hrtrrirnHO% railcil lute Citutlx-rn j;:ile»s
l*i:,<iil'/' tlitfv arff i>ot attended with fut.-li
•fe-viidt'ul C(in<"e<jircncef at th? luiiricaric*
m the windward i(LtnJ». Tl>e Simmnt
pirt i» computed to contain ;ibiiut 9<7
frugufs in its grcatcfl tcngtK frmn E ti>
Vr, 60 league* in it* grpHtvd lirendtli ;
ftuving a furfare of Ahoot ^zco fqiiare
Ica;:;uc3. About 400 fqunre lcayu«'»ot" thi»
Ciuface i« in miniiit;rin.s witicli are grner«
i»Uy more lapaHe of cuhivattim than thofe
fn the I'rcnch part, and havi? linnctinieft a
fi'lt tliat dil'piitcs tlic preferenre with tliat
r>f th« vallie*. Tliere reireiiiw, therefore,
,1 fine fertile ftirfacc of more th;in 1700
tquHt'c league*, divided into vallti'» and
plains of VHriottn lengths and broadthi*.
Many circumft.inceD confpired to render
thi» iiiar J a place of iiniiortance to tlie
9pania^iU. It was a key to the Ridf of
Mexico, a convcniewt plare for their flii^i-
pliig to touch at, an excellent rciulexYtJUS
for their Ajiiadrons and fleets, nnd an im-
portant hold for naval operation* of all
forts; hut from the imiwlitie mealnrei of
tFie government, and th'.- refttaint* on
commerce, it proved rather a but den than
an advantage to the motlier country.
The cantons or jurifdiiSlion*, beginning at
the wcflernmoft point of the Spanifh
frontiers, on the fouthern coaft or nar-
rows, are, Bahann, (pofleifcd by the Iwig-
anda or fugitive Spaniili and FrciicU ne>-
jrocs, who tnliabit the monntain of Baho-
ruco) Nryh, ytzii'7, Bam or A''ani, the city
of St. Domiiijro, and terHtory dependent
theeeonfSt.Lauri-ni dej MmetyStimanUfC'jtuy,
la Vega, St, Ta^^o, DaxaioH, S(. Raphael.,
Hinche, Banijue, and St. 'John of Maguana.
Over the whole of the Spanifli part of the
itiand, mountain!! and plains, were fpread,
according to St. Mery, 125,000 inhabit-
aiKs ; of whom 110,000 were free, and
l5/)00 flaves ; not 40 individuals to one
fquare league. The Spauifli Creoles are
infeniible of all the treafures which fur-
round them, and pafs their lives without
wishing to change their lot ; while the
French portion, when they poffeffed it,
fumifhed three fifths of the produce of all
the French W. India colonies put together;
or more than 10 millions fterling. The
drcfn and mode of living of the Spanifh
Creoles indicate pride, lazinefs, and pover-
ty. A capital, which of itfelf indicates
decay, little inflgnificant towns here and
there, a few colonial fettlements, for which
the name of manufa<ftorics would be too
Teat an honor, immenfc pofieffions called
DOM
T^itUt, wfierw I»ra(U aihl cattfe are rair«4
with little care, in different jj'adr* of d«v
mcfticatioa ; as the domuflio, the gentle,
and tlte (by. Thof« called wild or cnouii-
tainevr*, a* alfo the ftiy, coft the herdi'uim,
called pioneer* and laucers, immenle ).>.
hour uiul d.tnger in the chafe. The hatti'i
are tfie uolt numeruu» fort of SfMnilh
fettlements and of an evtent far dil'pro-
portrowed to their utility. The f'lpply i»f
hcfraed cattle to the Fiench p;irt uf the
ilUnd was eftinviied, by St. Mery, at Ids
tlt:uk ij,ocohead annuatlr ; of whiuh the
J'fiwniards famished four fifths. Tliefe at
30 dolts, a head, and bringingthem by the
•Sponiards, amounted to 450,000 dellara>
Tlti* f/)nncd rhrte quarters of tl»e prod-
uce ol' the colony ; and the inipoft paid
to government wa» 10 per cent. The
nnmlier uf -'00,ooc head of rattle wm the
number in the general cenfus taken by
order of the prefidcnt in 1780, and the
rattle exempted from the tribute, amount-
<'d if> 850,000 ; without comprehending
horfes, mules and aiTcs, which, with an
augmentation citimated ftnce 1780, made
a ftock of 300/xo head, and ao annnal
produdinn of 6o,COO ; and fuppolc a fifth
part of the young ones perifli acrid*nt-
aJIy, there ftill remains 48,000. 'I'lie r^
fources of the colonics were very confin-
ed, and their few uftablilhments bt-htw
mediocrity. There were but %% fngar
inannfadlorics of any confequence ; the
reft being not worth naming ; and even
thefe 42 bad altogether hut about 6oo
negroes. Of thefe, 6 prtiduced fyrop, and
fomc fugar ; but the others, called trapha-
cies, where animals were employed to
turn the mills and prefs the canes, with-
out fhelter, in the open air, made nothing
but fyrop. The whole of which produce
was generally ufed in the colony ; fmall
quantities were fometimes fent to Porto
Rico, or to Old Spain ; and the goodnefs
of the fugar proved that of the foil, but
nothing in favour of the manufadtnrer.
The coffee raifcd here is excellent ; each
tree in a ftate of bearing will produce on
an average a pound weight, and is fome-
times of a quality equal to that of Mocha^
yet chocolate is preferred to it. Cotton
grovrs naturally at St. Domingo, of an ex-
cellent quality, even without care, in ftony
land, and in the crevices of the rocks.
The numerous roots of indigo are only
obftacles to the feeble cultivation of the
fields, where it grows fpontaneoufly. All
thefe valuable produi^ions have fhared
the fate of depopulation. Tobacco, fays
Valverde,
Valwrie,
any wther |
ry where,
Cnba or t
r Deemed ai
turesof Se
it in frgar
nut of St.
than that 1
and Caraca
and eiprrii
made of th<
rate flavor 1
Caraca alor
have fharcd
tioiH. Tb(
part is com;
and (laves.
refcmUling
ftraij^ht and
dcVcindants
are, kowevi
from a mixi
Spaniards.
Indian; at B
fccrit from t'
cacique Hen
thorityaffim
terminated.
number, if c
conliderable.
of flaves. 1
chided from
a« well as mi
nf the flcin h
fitical confli
of no diRiniS
of a white in
perfon. Ind
Spanifh eolo
this an '.*>i
more t'- '.'■*•.-
frequency U;
would others
brancp'. Pe
to i 5(.! priedh
tf i"; Spaniards
felves to mal
like the Port
with extremt
fed as well as
principle ant(
their emancij
himfelf at a p
fate of the (la
freedom, and
by the habit o
fort, with tho
in (lavery. 1
much nejIedU
DOM
DOM
V&twTile, hzt here a larj;er kaf tlian in
anj Mker part of Anurira; it ]<niwi4:w-
ry wbcrr, «im1 «r<iuaU fametimrs lliat <if
Cnba or thv fiavannah. It is oft rntich
rOeemrd a» tl>U latter, ia the manufac-
tures <.if .Si-villc, and is even prd^erable to
it in ffg*r«. Tlic kernel of the cocoa
mit o! St. Domingo is more acidulated
than tlut of the <Hicoa rait of Venrzuela
and CaracA, tn which it is not infer inr ;
and fipfrienrc j>njve», that the chocolate
Made of the twu cocuas, has a more dt-li-
cxre flcvor than that maiW of the eucoa of
Caraca alone. A<hiote,ginj{er,aiii'. ca<Ha
have fharid the fate of thetrfhcr produc-
tiun*. The lopulation of the panitit
part ii compelled of whites, '^«ed people,
and flaves. There are alfc a few Creoles
refcmWing the lnf''*ns, a; ving luiig,
ftraij'ht and bhck hair, who prrteinl fo be
<Ii'l'ci.ndant6 0f tiicancicni i.idvcs. "< ?j
are, however, thouglu to be defct ':J
from a mixture of the aborigine- .,* me
Spaniards. There were, in i74ij, leveral
Indians at Banique, whc yoved their tl--
fccrvt from tht; l'ub}e<5l» i i t.-i unturtiuiHte
caciqiie Henri; althoi ^b L'lloric.d au-
thority affirms that the wlwle race wxs c»-
term'mated. The freed people r.ve few in
immber, if compared with the whites, but
conitderable in proportion to the number
of (lares. The jieople of colour are «\-
chtded from almoft all e-nplojinents, civil
an welt as ntilitary, as long as the colour
of the rtcin betrays its origin ; but the jjo-
iitical eonftitution of the country admit:;
of no diflinSion between the civil ri^!4:s
of a white inhabitant and thole of a tree
perfon. Indeed the major part cf the
Spaailh colonifts are of a lulled race ;
this an •.*>iran feature, and fometimes
more tV •'■ f i, is often betrayed ; but its
frequency Uas Clenced » prejudice that
would otherwife be a troublcfunK remem-
brance'". People of colour are admitted
to fli.; priedhood without difficulty ; but
th"? Spaniard:) have not yet brought them-
felves to make negro priells and billiopt
like the Portuguele. Slaves are treated
with extreme mildncfs, and arc ufually
fed as well as their mailers. A rtligi<ni8
principle and an illicit affection tend to
their emancipation. A flave can redeem
himfelf at a price fired by law. Thus the
fate of the flave is foftened by the hope of
freedom, and the authority of the mailer
by the habit of being confounded, in fome
fort, with thofe who were the other day
in flavery. The laws againft flaves are
much iiej;ledcd ; thofe in their forour are
vetj eta»91y obrerv«iL Few «»f tbe rr#.
«4e« ran either read or write 5 hence the
w.int of ibcial intcrcourle, wbicii i^ JklUt
aiifnneiUed by th« baitnelit of tlte tfnd*.
'i'hu roads are ncKbing but paths pari'alrle
only on fu^it and on borfcback ; aiid I
leajiiies .1 day is very j^iiutt work, in which
fpacc the traveller often docs not muet
witfa a liable habitiition, and mull oonCe'
quenrly cany with him every neoefiarj
for nouriHimiiit auil ludxing Such is the
low ft.ite of coiniiisrcc in the Srjiamflt
part, th;»t Don Aainnij ile Valverde, a
native cr^jwle, goes I'o t;ir .in to afiert, in
his account ol' tlic territory, that tkc C6]u-
PK-rre in CAtde, with the Fivnch part, i»
itf only fupport. 'J'iie whole iflaiid is in
gL'uer^iJ %vdJ -.vatcrcd 1)y river* and biook«
vitUout riiiuiliLr, but: t^ertaiu fpuces are
'"privcd of tlii^ atlvantitae. i''p>m tlve
u .-mat ion of the ilhii'.d, tiicir conrl'cs jtre
but /liori, .and few of tiieiu uavi,';iil»l<* t«
anr illftaJice. It i- {;viicral)y impointik- 1<»
conccivv, frtiiii tlie ti'Kuqtiii alpet't tliut
t' " riv< rs iii'ij-illy wear, what tht y be-
c.ii.ie whcii tlu>y overflow their banks.
A liver tliat but now liardlv covered die
jicbblcx on if ■ ij :1, or wet the IckU of tU>^
traveller, ,is ti. wigiil by one tenipeUuoiis
fhower into a flood, nicn.icing all tliat it
a^ipioaclua ; and iliouM its banks give
way, it fpreadu its watery devadation uwr
the pl;iiiu. Many of thefe are infefteiA
wit^. alligators. 'I'he only lakes or panda
worth M.tice are thofr of lienriquelle
and Salt pond ; the former is a great cu-
ri<rtity. Sec H^itriqu^Ue. The chief of the
illaiids which furround St. Domingo, part
of which belonged to the Spanifh part,
are Altavele, Saonc, Bcate, St. Catherine,
on ilie S lide, from VV to V.. Mone, .-uul
Moniqiic on the S E. Caymite, and Gon-
ave on the W between the two peninfulas,
and I.a Tortue, on the N fide, towards
the W end of the illand, and that of Ava-
che 3H tlie S fide of the louthem peninfiila.
The ancient divifion line which leparattut
the French from the SpaniHi part of the
ifland, cKtended from the river dcs Anfea
a Pitre or Pcdernales, on the S fide, to
that of MafTacrc, on the N fide, at the
head of the bay of Mancenille, which,
together with the large bay which fets up
from the weftward, between Cape St. Ni-
clwlas and Cape Dame Marie, S W of the
former, and 43 leagues apart, moulds this
divifion of the ifland into fiich a figure, as
can be befl comprehended by a view of
the map ; fuffice it to* fay, that it contains
2,500^0 acres of land, of an extremely
f ert i
I tij'V
lii"
: lit
130M
cost
%
tkrtni foil, prcfenting an agreeable variety
at liills, vallics, woods and ftrcams. 'i'he
French part uf St. Domiugu, containing
2,500,000 acres, of which 1,500,000 were
under high cultivation in 1 789, was then
divided iuto 10 jurifdiiSlions, which were
Subdivided into 5a parilhes. Wefljurif-
di(f!tons, Port au Prince, St. Mark, Lc
Pc'cit Goave, and Jercmie ; in the N. Cape
I^ran9oii, Fort Dauphin, and Pott de
Paix ; thofe in the S, Les Cayei, St. Louis,
and Jacmel. Before the bte revolution,
t.herc were in thel'e pariflics about 42,000
white pe<>iile, 44,000 free p-.-opIe of colour^
and 6bo,oco llavee. Other accounts make
them cojifiderably lefs; t lie above, huw-
tver, is from good authority. I'he num-
l)er of der^'ths, during ^789, according to
the bills of mortality, 7iai ; the number
of births the lame year, 4252. 'I'he ex-
lifs of dcntlis, 2889, will be the lefs afton-
ifliing, when it is confidercd, that in the
years 1787, and 1788, there hid been ini-
portcd into the colony nearly 60,000 new
negroes. The exports from Jan. 1,1789, to
Dec. 3 1, of tlic lame year, were 47,516,531
lbs. while fagar, 93.573,300 brown fugar;
76,835,219165 colFee ; 7,004,274 lbs cot-
ton ; 758,628 lbs. indigo ; and other arti-
cles, Aa tauncd hides, n-.oluilcb, I'pirits, &c.
to the value of 46,873 livies: The total
value of duties on the above exportations,
amounted to 770,801 dolls. 3 cents. Port
au Prince is the feat of the French gov-
ernment in this ifland, in time of peace,
and a place of coufiderable trade. Cape
Francois exceeds Port an Prince in the
Vahie of its produ(5kioni, (he elegiuice of
its buildings, and the advantageous fitua-
tion of its port. It is the Governor's refi-
dence in time of war. The Mole, though
inferior to thefe i« other relpedh, is the
firil port in the i/land for fafety in time
of war, being by nature and art llrongly
fortified. The other towns and ports of
any note, are Fort Dauphiir, St. Mark,
Leogane, Petit Goave, Jeremic, Les Cayes,
St. Louis, and Jacmel, which fee under
their diiFerent names. The moti ancient
town in this ifland, and in all America,
huilt by Europeans, is St. Domingo ; of
v/hich an account is given below. To
thefe particular obfervations, we add the
following, of a more general nature : The
fugar and indigo plantations were in the
ilat, the coiFee in the mountainous lands.
'I'he pLmtations were for the moft part
cuclofsd with live hedges, (Iraight and
wtU drefled ; the dwelling and manufac-
tory houfet were built auU kid out with
great neatuefi and tarfte ; every habltattoa
polTeil'ed a private hofpital for the accom«
uiodatioa of its lick negroes, who wcr9
parctitally dealt with ; the roads were ex-
cellent ; and from the general hofpitality
and cheerfulnefs of its former inhabitants,
it was cunfidered as one of the moft envi-
able fpots on earth. Such was the French
part of St. Domingo in 1789 ; but, alas '.
it is no more ; the deftrucflive ravages of
an unrelenting infurredlion, of fiightful
uialTacres and conflagrations, have laid
wafle all thole beautiful fettltmcnts, re-
duced the buildings to afiies, and laid low
in dull or fcattered in exile, its wretched
inhabitants. The firfl interference of the
National AlTembly, in the affairs of the
colonies, was by a decree of the 8th of
March, 1790, which declared, " That all
free perfons, who were proprietors and
refidetits of two years ftanding, and who
contributed to the exigencies of the (late,
fliould exercile the rights of voting, which
conftitute the quality of French citizens."
This dpcree, though in fadt it gave no
new rights to the people of colour, was re-
garded with a jealous eye by the white
planters ; whofe pride and refentment dic-
tated to them to expel the people of colour
from their aifemblies. 'i'his feems to be
the true fource of their calamities ; to dc-
velope which, and the dreadful confe-
<j[uences, belong to the profefTed hiftorian.
Domingo, St. the capital of the Spaniih
part of the ifland of St. Domingo or Hif-
paniola, is fituated on the W bank of the
Ozama, a league below the mouth of Ifa-
bella river, in which dlftance it is 24 feet
deep, iiaving a bottom of mud or foft fand,
and banks 20 feet perpendicular height ;
but N of the city this height is reduced to
4 feet. The Otiama is navigable for 9 or
xo leagues, and hzsfeveral fugar manufac-
tories, tile kilns, and provifion farms on its
banks. T^e road before :he mouth of the
Ozama is very indifTcrent, and lies expof-
ed from W S W to £. It is impoflible to
anchor in it in the time of the fouth
winds ; and the north winds drive the
vcfl'cls from their moorings out into the
fea, which here rutis extremely high. The
port of St. Domingo is magnificent in ev-
ery refpciSb ; a real natural bafon, with a
great number ufcareeuiiigs for the velTeU
that can get at them. TTiere is a rock at
the entrance, which will only admit vcf-
fels drawing > 8 or 20 feet water ; which
it is afTertcd might be removed without
great difiiculty. The city of St. Domingo
was originally founded oa the £ iide of
the
the Ozama,
Columbus, w
l(al)clla. An
Columbus "a'
and that the i
N coad of til-
pher Columb
Ifabella in i^
deflioytd mo
duced Ovaiidi
to (he Wlide
was fuon l)uil
of dcfign not 1
lis of ihe Ne^
city is a trapc
on the E fide
500 fathoms
fea ; and of a
cumfcrcnce.
the city, the 1;
about half a !<
comes good, a
Towards the f
very high, whi
bit: dyke again
It i;i furroundci
diameter, and :
is a great deal
go, particular!
lortirications s
height of the
tirely ; and its
250 fathoms fr
are fpacious, ar
gives it a pica!
thefe ftrects n
others from E
of the houics, 1
marble found ii
ftile of the anc
Italy : thofe of
tion are of tapis
thefe buildings,
between pillars
filled by degrc
which is ranimc
until it forms a
twcen the pillar
together, acqui
and the walls ai
ftrong, that the
ufcielk The Ik
tolerably handft
nearly uniform,
theft, built v.iili
Wood, covered w
of pnim trees,
platformed, bein
the rain water t
male of tliccnpi
Vol. I.
I3o^l
DOM
the Ozama, in 1494, by Bp.rtholomc^*
Columbus, who gave it tlie name of New
lliiljclla. Authors afTcrt that Cliriflopher
Columbus "jiive it the name of hi» father,
and that the inhabitants of Ifabella on the
N coad of th'.- idand, founded by Chriflo-
phcr Columbus ill 1493, removed to New
Ifabella in 1496. In 1502 a hurricane
deflroytd moft of its buildings, which in-
duced OvanJo to remove the inhabitants
to the "W llde of the river. The new city
was foon built, and that with a grandeur
of dclign not unworthy the firft metropo-
lis of the New World. The plan of the
city is a trapezium of about 340 fathoms
on the E fide, along the Ozama ; near
500 fathoms on the S bordering on the
fea ; and of about 1800 fathoms in cir-
cumference. To the W and to the N of
the city, the land is rough and rocky for
about half a league, but after that it be-
comes good, and the country dtlightful.
Towards the fea th* fcite of the city lies
very high, which forms an infurmounta-
blt dyke againd the fury of the waves
It i;i I'urrounded with a rampart 8 feet in
diameter, and about 10 feet high. There
is a great deal of ordnance at St. Domin-
go, particularly caft ordnance, but the
lortitications are not ftrong ; and the
height of the Ilcignes commands it en-
tirely ; and its crown is not more than
ajo fathoms from the ditch. The ftreets
are fpacious, and ftraight as a line, which
gives it a picafing appearance. Ten of
thefe ftreets run from N to S, and 10
others from E to W. The grcateft part
of the houfes, firft built, arc of a fort of
marble found in the vicinity, and in the
ftile of the ancient towns of Spain atid
Italy, thofe of a more lecent conftruc-
tion are of tapia, a fort of pife. To creCl
thefe buildings, a cafe is made of planks,
between pillars of mafonry : this cafe is
filled by degre«-» with a rcddifli clay,
which is rammed don-n as it is thrown in,
until it forms a folid, or fort of wall, be-
tween the pillars. The clay thus prcfled
together, acquires an amazing hardnCis,
and the walls arc fometiuies fo f<)lid and
ftrong, that the pillars of mafonry arc
ufelefj. The houfes of St. Domingo arc
tolerably lian<lfome, in a fimplcftile, and
nearly uniform. A confidcrable part of
thefe, built v.'iihin tlicfc few years, arc of
wood, covered with the leaves or taclus
of palm trees. The roofs are generally
platformed, being fliaped fo as to conduct
the rain water to the eiftern"!. The cli-
mate of tlic capital is, linppily, very tcm-
VoL. I. T
peratc. The nights of thofe months whicb
anfwcr to the winter in Kurope, arc even
found to be cold. Among a number of
public edifices that merit attention, in this
declining city, we may reckon the ruins
of the houfc that Diego, fon of Chrifto-
phtr Columbus, had begun, entirely of
hewn ftone. The walls are yet remain-
ing, and fome of the fculpture round the
windows. The roof and ceilings are
fallen in, the lower floor is become a pen
for cattle ; and a Latin infcription over
the portal, is now hidden by the hut of a
herdl'man. The cathedral, of the fame
Ibrt of ftone as> the houfc of Diego Colum-
bus, ftands on the S E. Oppoiite its cn-
cntDce is a fine fpacious obiungfquare, at
the S W end of whith is the town huufe.
The cathedral is a noble Gothic pile bc-
gtin in 1512, and iinillied in 1540, and
was conftru<5ltd after the modtl of a
church at Rome. It merits admiration ou
account of the boldnefs of its vault, which,
notwithftanding the ravages of earth-
quakes in its neighbourhood, has never,
till within thefe ij or 20 years, had u
tingle flaw. 'I'ht duft of Columbus rtflcd
witliin this pile until the year 1796, when
it was rtmovtd. Mere are 3 convents lor
men ; which have increal'cd in import-
ance fiiice 1781 ; 2 nunrcrics, 3 hofpitals,
a college, and a gaol. The convent of
the fi rdclicrs was built by OvaJido in
IJ03, on a little hill containing a mine uf
mercury. All the 3 paiocliial churches
of St. Domingo, are beautiful, ril h in or-
naments, in vafcs of gold and filver fet
with precious (tones, in picflurcs, in ft.it-
ues of marble and of metal ; but the ca-
thedral furpafics the others in every re-
fpcrt. The population of the city of St.
Domingo is not very cnniulcrable ; yet it
is cxtiaordinarily augmented fince the
year i7!;o. '1 he cenfus lately taken,
amounted to ac.ooo,of every age and fex.
But this is far bi-low the cxat\ number.
The cenfus is taken by the Spanifti pritfts
or vicars, who go from houfe to houfe to
verily thofc who do not perform their
pafehal duties. This lift does not com-
prehend children under 7 years of age,
nor heads of families abfent from their
home or from the city. But the princi-
pal caufc of the incxudlncl's, is, one half
of the parochial territory .of the city is
on the outfidc of the walls. This terri-
tory comprehends the part called the
Plains, a great part of the Mont dc Plate,
and again as well to the E as to the \V of
the city, a very confidcrable number of
country
I':;.
,|. •■■••■
170 M
BO-J^
country feats and proviGon habitations,
where there are a great many families of
blacks, of people of colour, and white
cultivators ; fo that there are always 5
or 6ooo not included in the ccnfus. Not*
withflanding the declining fituation of
the Spanifli territory of the ifland, it is
far more profperous than it was 60 years
ago. A cenfus even of 1737 fliows, that
the total population at that time did nut
furpafs 6000 fouls, and the capital con-
tained hardly 500. The Spanifli capital
is 70 leagues E by S of Port au Prince,
the road runs half the way along the fea
coaft, through Bany, Azua, and Neybe,
and thence by the lakes Henriquclle and
Brackilli pond. In this route you ha^
ttt crofs two large rivers, Nifai and Neybe,
hefide 1 1 fmaller ftreams.. It is 90 leagues
S E of Cape Francois, going by the road
thiougli St. Raphael, Azua, &c. and about
100 leagues by that of Dahabon, St.
Yague, and La Vega; N lat. 1^8 19 30,
W Ion. from Paris 7137.
Dominica, the laft'of the leeward Cliar-
arboeor Caribbae ifland*, taking themfrom
M W to S E ; but the Spaniards call it the
lad of the windward illands. It is fituated
about half way betwixt Guadaloupe on
the N W, and Martinico on the S E, 15
league:' from each, between 15 lo and- 1.5
44 30 N lat. and between 61 17 and 6i 30
W Ion beirtg about %<) miles in lengtKfrom
Crab Point S, to tho N W cape of Auguflia,
bay on the N ; and nearly 16 miles broad
from R.iyfnond bay E, toCoulihaut on the
W ; and' contains 186,436 acres of land,
and is divided into 10 pariflies, viz. St.
J<)hn, St Andrew, St. Peter, St. Jofeph, St.
Paul, St. David, .St. George, St. Patrick, St.
Luke, and St. Martin. Ther ifland con-
tains many high and rugged mountains,
interfperfed with fertile vallies, and is wa-
tered by upwards of 30 rivers, befidc a
nttsnher of rivulets. Several of the moun-
tains eontain \uiextinguiflied volcanoes,
which frequently difcharge vaft quantities
of burning fu^phur. Here are feveral hot
fpringsi efteemcd efficacious in removing.
tropical diforders. Some of the waters
are faid to be hot enough to coagulate
an egg. Here are vaft fwarms of bees,
which produce a great quantity of wax
and honey ; they hive in the trees, and are
thought to have b- en tranfported from
Europe ; the native bee of the W. Indies
being a fmaller fpecies, unprovided with
flings, and very different in its manners
from the Euruptnn. I'he foreAs afford
an inexhauftible quantity of rofe wol^I, fo*
cfteemed by cabinet makers. The fruit»
and other productions arc iimilar to thofe
in the neighbouring iflands ; but the foil
being generally thin, is more adapted tu
the rearing of cotton than fugar. 'l"he
beft eye (tones that are known, are foiuid
on the fliores of this ifland. They have
their name from the ufe which is made of
them, for clearing the eyes of any dirt.
They ar« Ihapcd like a lentil, fmooth
and fleek, but much fmaller, and of
a grey colour. The value of exports, ac-
cording to the current London prices in
1788, amounted 10^^.302,987-15 fter. in-
cluding exports U) the American dates,
value £.7,164-5. The cargoes, in i6i
veffels, coniiftcd of 71,301 cwt. i qr. 2i
lbs. of fugar ; 63,39a gall, of rum ; 16,803
gall, molaffes; 1,194 cwt. 3 qrs. a lbs.
cacao; 18,149 <^^v'- 3 qrs. 6 lbs. coffee;
11,250 lbs. indigo ; 970,816 lbs. cotton ;
i6t cvift. ginger, belide liidci, dying woods,
&c. I'he number of inliabi'^nts, in the
fame year, appears to have been 1236
vvjiites ; 445 free negroes, &c. and 14,967
flaves. Tliere are alfo about 30 families
of Charaibes, the remains of tlte ancient
natives. The only towns here of any
note are Charlotte town, the capital and
the feat of government, formerly called
Rofleau, on the S W fide of the ifland, and
Portfmouth, fituated at the head of Prince
Rupert's, bay. Dominica^ from its local
fituation, between Martinico and Guada-
leupe, is the beft calculated of all the
Biitifli poffefilonsin that part of the world,
for fecuring. to her the dominion of the
Charaibbaan fea. A few fliips of war in
Prince Rupert's bay would effedlually
ftop all intercourfe of tlie French fcttle-
ments with each other, as not avefl'el can
pais but is liable to capture, by fliip*
cruifingoff-that bay, and to windward of
the ifland. It is a feparate government
and a free port. The anchorage is good
all round the coaft of Dominica ; but it
has no port or bay for retiring into ; but
the veffels have the advantage of Iheltcr
behind many of its capes. It was difcov-
ered by Chiiftopher Columbus, Nov. 3,
1493 ; and had its name from being difcov-
ered on a funday. It was taken by tlift
French in the late war, and reftored to
Britain at the peace of 1783.
Dominica, L.i, one of the Marqucfa*
iflands, called by the natives Hc.:'varoa, i*
the largeft nf them all, extending E andW
6 leagues; is about 16 leagues in circuitjfuli-
•ttF rugged
'but is inhal
■of the Wer
Don Chr!
of the iflan.
bay on the
SE. It is
ilielter to tli
Jng a florm
icite of the (
Donifon, a
Frencli part
3 leagues N '
iflipart, an,
Gon aires.
Donfjrul,
name in Pent
2476, 1 in V
one in Wafh
Doit Marti
ands in the (
■Lon. 179 j2
ants are nui
plenty. Coci
potatoes, anc
fpontaneonfly
cultivate then
the bark of ce
felves in a d
hofpitable an
haps be as like
aries, as any o
it does not apj
of religion. '
Don Rii>er,
♦•ounty of Yor
itfelf into Yor
Dnobount La.
long, and 20 o
headofChefte
Dorehefler, a
N. Hampfliire,
contains 349 ii
Dartmouth Co
Dorchejler, an
in Norfolk co
early as 1630.
been t.^ken off
"lent. It is 3
is now about .
The chief ma
chocolate, fnu
Tious forts. It
and 2347 inhal
the peninfula,
proaches with
and, and its N
Of the S part of
cdon the heig
town and its
•ing the early j
DOR
t)OU
tit rugged hills, and of a barren afpcA ;
'but is inhabited. S lat. 9 44. The h>n.
■of the Wend from Greenwich is 139 I3\V.
Don Chrljlftpber's Covr, lies on the N iidc
of the ifland of Jamaica, having St. Anna's
bay on the W, and Mammce bay on tiie
S E. It is remarkable for having given
jlieher to tlie difcovercr of America, dur-
ing a ftorm, in 1503, and for being the
fciteof the old town of Sevilla dc Nucva.
Donif'/.i, an interior fettlemcnt 'm the
French part of the ifland of St. Domingo,
."? leagues N W of St. Rapiucl in the Span-
ifli part, and 13 leagues T. by N of Les
Gonaives.
Donf^at. There arc 3 townfliips of tJiis
name inPcnnfylv.inia,i in Lancafter co. of
2476, 1 in Weflmoreland co. ofi4ii, and
one in Wafliington co. of 762 inhabitant?.
Don Martinde Majorca, a cluflcr of ifl-
ands in the Great S. Sea. I.at. 18 36 S,
Lon. 179 J2 E from. Paris. The inhabit-
ants are numeroun, living in eale and
plenty. Cocoa, banana, and lime trees ;
potatoes, and other edible roots grow
fpontaneonfly in great abundaticc. They
cultivate their grounds, \veave cloth from
the bark of certain flirubs, and drcfs fhem-
felves in a decent inanner. They are
hofpitable and friendly, and would per-
haps be as likely to receive gofpcl Miflion-
aries, sis any otheir Savages ; but at prefent
it does not appear that they have any kind
«f religion. They are great thieves.
Don River, in the eaft riding of the
county of York, in U. Canada, tlifcharges
itfelf into York harbour.
Doohoimt Late, is abqut itO or 70 miles
long, and 20 or 30 broad ; lies S E of the
headofCherterflcld inlet, in N.S.Wales.
Dorcbefer, a townfliip in Grafton co.
JI. Hampfliire.incorpQrated in 1761. It
contains 349 inhabitants. It lies N E of
Dartmouth College about 17 -miles.
Dorchejler, an ancienr and thriving town
in Norfolk co. Maflachufetts, fettled as
early as 1630. A number of towns have
been taken otT from it fmcc its firft fcttle-
ment. It is a miles S by V. of Bofton, and
is now about 6 miles long and 3I broad.
The chief manufa(5lures here are paper,
chocolate, fnuft', leather, and fliocs of va-
rious forts. It has a handfome church,
and 2347 inhabitants. The N E point of
the peninfula, called Dorchcfler neck, ap-
proaches within half a mile of Caftle ifl-
and, and its N W point within half a mile
of the S part of Bofton. Forts were eretfl-
cdon the heights in the late war ; and this
town and its vicinity fu(Fered much dur-
ing the early part of the war.
Donhejfer in Cumberland co. N. Jerfey,
lies on the E fide of Morris R. about 5
miles from its mouth in the bay, and 17
eaftward of Fairfield.
DorcheJIer Co. in Maryland, lies on the
E fide of Chefapeak bay ; on the S fide of
Choptank R. which feparates it from Tal-
bot CO. It has feveral iflands on its coaft ;
the chief of thefe, from the mouth of Hud-
fon R. are, Jamci, Taylor's, Barren, Hoop-
er'.s, and GoUllborough's, which laft lies
between Hungary R. and Fifliing bay.
The length of the county from E to W is
about 33 miles, and its breadth from N to
S 27 miles. The number of its inhabit-
ants 12,346, of whom 4566 are flavcs.
Tlie lands.in the nothern parts are fomc-
what ("levated.'but in the fouthern parts
)ow and marl)iy, particularly along Fifli-
ing bay.'and up its waters, 'Franfquaking,
RIackwater, and Fear im creek, and along
Hungary R. an arm of the Chefapeak.
The produce is chiefly wheat, corn, and
'lumber. Its chief to«n js Cambridge.
Dorchejlcr, a fmall town of Charlcflon
drftridt, S. Carolina, on the N E bank of
Alliley R 18 miles W N W of Charlctton
citv. This place was fettled nnd named
as early at 1700, by a colony from Dor-
chefter and its vicinity in MalFachuferts ;
and a part of its inhabitants, about the
year 175D, left it and fettled Midway, in
Georgia.
Dnrchcjler Mmmt, is that fidgc of moun-
tain running through the county of Lin-
coln in 'U. Canada, parallel to Ontario, and
is fuppofcd tobc a fpur of the Alleghany.
Dorehefer To'irt'Joi/i,. in the ctnirity of
Norfolk, U. Canada, lies W of, and is ad-
joining to Dereham, fronting the river
Thames.
Dorfct, a townfliip in Bennington co.
Vermont, having Rupert W, Manchcfler
S, and Danbv N ; and contains 958 inhab-
itants, 27 miles N by E of Bennington.
Double Bridge, lainenburg co. Virginia,
where is a po^l office, 225 miles from
M'^afliington.
/)o«i^/.r/!f, a townfliip, the fouthcrnmoft
in Worceftcr co. Mafiachnfetts, having
the flate of Rhode Ifland on the S, .?nd
that of Connedticut on the S W, and
through it pafles the middle road from
Bofton to N. York. It is a very rocky
townfliip, and contains 1 140 inhabitants.
It lies 18 miles S of Worcefter,and 48 S V'
of Bofton. It was incorporated anno
1746, and received its name in honor of
William Douglafs, M. D. of Bofton, a na-
tive of Scotland, and a confidcrable bene-
factor to the town.
Dougl'fi,
DOV
DRY
Louirlaf], 9 townfliip in MontgAmery
CO. Pcnnfylvania on the N fide of the
i 1297 inhabitants,
on theNW coaft of N.
-ms the W. fiile of the
Schuy'ikili, and h
Doitglafs, a c.ip
America, which t
entrance into C(
3sde, which form
lofty promontory
appears above tht
ceeding high moi
Ion. io6 10 E.
Doutyj Falls, in '
where a pofl: office
Vs R. oppofite Point
he E fide. It is a very
vhofe elevated fummit
louds, forming two ex-
tains. Lat. J 8 56 N,
rkco. Maine, a place
K, kept ; 7 , railes from
Berwick, and 8 from Sanl'oid, 563 N from
^WaHiington.
Dover, a townfhip in Norfolk co. Maf-
fachufetts incorporated anno 1650. It
contains 511 inhabitants, and lies 17 miles
foiitliward of Eofton.
Dover, a conlldcrablc pod town in Straf-
ford CO. N.Hampfliirc, and the (Jiire tovvn
of tlie county ; fituated on the fouthern
■fide of Cocnccho R. about 4 miles above
its jnn<£tion with Salmon Fall R. which
together form the Pifcataqiia : la miles
N' W by N from Portfmouth. The In-
dians named it Winichahanat, and Coche-
cho ; by the firft fettlcrs, it was called
Northam. It was incorporated in 1633,
and contains 2062 inhabitants. The pub-
lic buildings are a Congregational church,
court houfe and gaol. At Dover is a
high neck of land, between the main
branch of Pifcataqua and Back R. about
two miles long, and half a mile wide, rifmg
gently .along a line road, and declining on
each fide, like a fliip's deck It com-
mands an extenfivo and variegated prof-
pe& of the rivers, bays, adjacent (liores,
and diftmt mountain*. It has often been
admired by travellers as an elegant fuua
tion for a city, and by military gentlemen
for a fortrcfs. The firtl fettlers pitched
here, but the trade has long fince been re-
moved to Cochccho falls ; and this beau-
tiful 5?ot is almoil deferted of inhabitants.
N lat. 43 II, W Ion. 70 50.
D'-ver^ a tO'.vnfliip in Monmouth co. N.
Jcrfcy, between Shrewlbury and New
Stafford, and extends ..-om the fea
to the county line. Although a large
townlhip, it contains only 910 ichabit-
ants, who live moftly upon the fea iTiore.
There is but one churcli, the property of
a generous and benevolent individual ;
open to miniilers of all denominations.
Dn->rr, the metropolis and a poft town
of Delaware (late, in Kent co. on the S W
fide of Jones creek, about 4^ miles N W
from its mouth, in the Delaware; 1 3 miles
from Duck creek, 48 from Wilmington,
and 76 S S W of Philadelphia. It contains
upwards 100 houfes, built principally of
brick. There are 4 ftreets, which intcr-
fect eacli other at right angles, in the cen-
tre of the town. The area included with-
in thcfe inlerfedlions extends into a fpa-
cious parade ; on the E fide of which is
an elegant (late houfe. The town has a
lively appearance, and drives on a confid-
erable trade with Philadelphia, chiefly in
flour. N lat. 39 10, W Ion. 75 34.
Dover, a town in Yorkco.Pennfylvania,
on Fox Run, which falls into Conewago
creek, near its mouth, in the Sufquehanna.
It contains a German Lutheran and Cal-
vinift church, upited ; and about 40
IxQufes.
Doivne, or Dotvns, a townfliip in Cum-
berland CO. N. Jerfoy.
Doivnitigs,^ poft townof Pennfylvania,iii
C'lefter co. on the E fide of Brandywine
creek; 33 miles W by N of Philadelphia,
Z)oT^o'U'«,a village, where is a poft ofiice,
in Bucks CO. Pcnnfylvania, 15 miles N W
of Newton, and 33 W by N of Philadel-
phia.
Dracut, a poft town in Middlefex co.
on the northern bank of Merrimack R.
oppofite Patucket Falls. It contains I2;.«
inhabitants, and lies 30 miles N by W of
Bofton.
Drake, a harbour In California, fo call-
ed after the celebrated Sir Francis Drake,
who difcovercd and took poffeffion of the
peninfula of California, for his miftrefs,
Queen Elizabeth. N lat. j8 15, W Ion.
Ill 39-
Drefdett, a poft town in Lincoln co.
Maine, on the Ebank of Kennebeck R. 9
miles from WifcalTet Point, 1 2 S by V. of
Hallowell, and 180 N by E of Lofton.
Swan iflantd if< in tliis towjifliip.
Drlnnons Lick, See Jefferfms co.
Dripping Spring, Warren co. Kentucky.
Here is a poft office, 855 miles W by S
from Wafliington.
Dromore, or Driimnrc, a tOwnfliip in
Lancafter co Pcnnfylvania, has 1077 in-
habitants.
Droxviied I ands. See Orange ro. N. York.
Drummond, or Accomac court houfe, in
Virginia, is on the poft road from Phila-
delphia to Nor.'jlk, 20 miles from Belha-
ven, and 194 from Philadelphia.
/^rvi/in, a towniliip in Onondago co. N.
York, having Ulyffes W, Virgil E, and
Owego S. The centre of the town Is 8
miles E of the S end of Cayuga lake.
Dry Toriugas, ilcs Tiirtuga.
Dtianrpurgl'i
DiUiu.Jhur'^
N. York, cm
Dub! in, a
H.inipfliire,
and N of till
ing 1188 inl
ofChaiL-ftoi
Inc(irp(irate<
Duulill, I,rj
ladtlpliM CO,
of I'hiiadtlpi
has 1495 in!
in Huntlngd
ing978 Inha!
D.W'/is Lnh
98 and 100'
and iiet^vcen
of N lat. It
la Pluie, and
lake by river
off again by t
great lake \
from thence
lake contiin.?
b.ick commu
to the northv
Ducr, a riv
on the N V
mountain. I
empties into 1
It is SCO ya
mouth, whic
Nafluille; at
Dud Creek
confiderable
the ftate of
Creek, whic I
Newcaftle
100 houfcs if
confiderable
is one of the
ftate. Here
lies 12 miles
from Wilmi
Duck TJland
Ontario, U.
i/land and P
Duel trap, ;
ing278 inhal
Dudky, a
chufetts, com
is 18 miles fc
60 S W of B
Du.fiueU,
about 20 mill
JO inhabitar
pafles throng
town. In a w
turns N W,
it falls into t
CL
DUD
DUN
Tiuau'Jhur^ij, a poll: town in Al'onny co.
N. York, ciiutHininj; 2787 in!i;ibitants.
Duli.'i)!, a towiilliip in Clitriiirc co. N.
H.inipnitre, on a bninch of Atlinc-lot R.
anil N of the gr.at Moiiailnot k, coiUaln-
in^^ 1188 nihabit;mts. It is ail miles S C
of ChaiLflown, and 6.^ W of Portfmouth.
IncorpiM-ated in the year 1771.
T):wl,'ii, I.'jiucr, a plcafant town in P!\i-
laiklphia co. Pcnni'yh'ani.i, !0 miles N E
of I'luladclplii^, anil as, far S Vv' of Briflol,
has 1495 inhabitants. Alfo, a townlhip
ill Huntingdon co. in P,:nnl'vlvar.i,'-, hav-
ing 978 inhabitants.
D.wois Li)''\ in U. Canada, lies between
98 and I0C° W ion. from Clreinwicli,
and between ilie 48th and ."icth parallel
of N lat. It lies to ths wcflward of lake
la Pliiie, and receives the waters ot tiiat
lake by river la PInic, v.'hicb arc carried
off again by the river Wintpiijiie, into the
j^reat lake Wlnitapa or Win:p!r,uc, and
from thence into Hudfon's bay. 'I'hia
lake contiin.^foine illands ; it lias alfo a
back commanication with lake la Plule,
to the northward, by inferior flrcams.
Duc't a river in TcnefTec, which rifes
on the N W fide of the Cmnberland
mountain. It runs a N W courfe, and
empties into the Tcneuee in N lat. i6 W.
It is ICO yards wide 5 niilcs from its
mouth, which is 57 miles weflerly of
Nafliville; and is boatable 90 miles.
Duel Creek Cr-jfs fioads, or S.il.Jliiiry, a
confiderable and thrivin;^ pofl: town in
the ftate of Delaware, fitu;;ttd on Duck
Creek, which in part divides Kent and
Newcartle counties. It coniaiiis about
100 houfts in one ftroct, and carries on a
confiderable trade with Philadelphia, and
is one of the largeft wheat markets in the
ftatc. Here is an Epifcopal church. It
lies 12 miles N by W of Dover, and 36
from Wilmington, and has a port ofTice.
Dud JJl^nJs, called th'; rcalditchs, in lake
Ontario, U. Canada, lie between Wolfe
ifland and Point Traverfe
DHcktrap, Maine, now Lin'uilh; contain-
ing 278 inliabitants. Here is a poft office.
Dudley, a town in Worcefter co. R^afTa-
cliufetts, containing 1 140 inhabitants. It
is 18 miles fouthward pf Worcefter, and
60 S W of Bofton.
Dtilfivdl, a townfliip in L. Canada,
about 20 miles N E of Afcot, having about
JO inhabitants. The river St. Francis
pafl'es through t!ie fouthern part of this
town, in a weflern conrfc, and foon after
turns N W, which courfe it purfucs till
it falls Into the St, Lawrence.
D'^D'ins Cre:k, in V. Can ida, n;ns into
lake Ontari',), in the townil-.ii! rCl'ickcr-
ing, F. of tlie rivi r of I'.afv l^iilr.inri', and
is remarkribie for the quantity ol f.dmon
v/hich refort to it.
DniJdy a nio\nitain of S, .Anifrlc.i, in the
ran;.;r of Parinia, lat. 3 13 N. It is a vol-
cano.
Di/e'f €■}. in Mifrifhufctf!?, comp'-e-
lunds Martha's Vineyard I. Cliabaquid-
dick I. Noniaii';) I. and llw; Elizabttli i(l-
aiids ; (irii;\ttd on the S F coafl of the
ftatc. 'V\\r. nunibtr of inliabitar.ts '\^ 3 1 18.
They f«.'nd 3 ic]irf;fenta(ive«, and, in rop-
junclion withMuit ck.'t I. i I'tnator to t.'ic
G'lur:'! Court. Tlu.fe illand-i are ih Ccrib-
cd fcp.irntcly Chief town, Eri;;H! .'en.
Z)'/,v/i7>j-, aport of entry, and [u.ft to'.vri
in Virginia, and chief town of I'.-Incc
William co. It lies on the N fide of
Q^iantico crcek,.4 milc^ above Its enfancc
into the rv>to\\ n^ack, and 10 mili.s from
Colrheder. Us pnl)lic idilices are a-n
Epilcopal ciuirch, a court Iioufc and gaol.
The exports from this port for one vear
ending the 30t!i of Sept. 17941 amounted
in value to 85,63.? dollars. It lies ■;" nillis
N by E of Frederickfjurg, and \?,$ S W
of Phil.tdclph;:-..
Dii/'}i:r, a townfliip iininbabiud in
Grafton co. N. Hampfliirc, incorporated
1773) ''' ^' of '-i'^*- Umbagog, on the wa-
ters of Upper Amonoofuck.
Dommcrjloiuiu a townlliip in Windham
CO. Vermont, N of Braltlcborouoh, con-
taining 1692 inhabitants. In or near this
town flood old Fort Dummer.
Dunbarton, a townfliip in Hillfborougli CO.
N. Hampfliirc, incorporated in 1765, and
containing 1222 inhabitants; 9 miles S of
Concord, and 36 W of Portfmouth.
Duncanjhoroiigb, a townlLip of Orleans
CO. Vermont, on the W fide of lake Mem-
phremagog, and has cC' inhabitants.
Dunderherg, in Englifli, 'thunder li'.l, is
on the W fide of Hudfon R. ar the S E
entrance of the Higli Js, cppnfite Peek's
Kill ; and is remark. i.ile for its echoes.
D'tncard'' s Bottom, a tradl of fine lands 011
the E fide of Cheat R. in Virginia, about
22 miles from its mouth, and 49 W S W
from Fort Cumberland.
Dundas Co. in U. Canada, Is bounded on
the E by the county of Stormont, on the
S by the river St. Lawrence, and on I'le
W by the cafternmofl: boundary line of
the late townfliip of Edwardfourgh, run-
ning N 24 deg. W, .until it inttrftifls the
Ottawa or Grand R. thence defccnding
that river until it meets the N weflern-
moft
'mA
mr
u
A ;*
I
DUR
tnofl boundary of the county of Stormont.
*i'!if county of Duiul.is coniprehtntls all
<lic ifiauds near it in the river St. Law-
rence. The boundaries of tliis county
Averc tftabliflicd by pioclmiation, the
«6th of July, 1793. It lends one reprc-
leniative to the provincial parliani«U.
DunhariTs I'oxvn. See Ephr^Ui,
Dunkirk, a pofl town of King and Qncen
<o Virginia, ir6 miles from Walliingioii.
Dunlope, a fort on the W bank of little
Miama R. about 12 miles abov.e CoUup-
bia, in the ftate of Ohio.
Du'ijiahle, a pod town in Hillfborougli
CO. N. Hampfliirc, on the W fide of Mer-
rimacl: R. below the town of Merrimack,
and feparatcd by the ftatc line from Pep-
^)erel and Dunftnbic, in MiddkTcx co.
Alallachufetts. It wa incorporated in
J 746, and has 862 inhuLitanrs, and lies
about 40 miles N W of Bo(toii.
Dunjldblv, a townfliip of Manaclinfettj,
in the northern part of Middlefex co. and
on the fouthern bank of Merrimack R.
It contains 485 inhabitants, and lies 37
miles N wcftcrly nf Bofton.
Diinivicb To wiijhiji, in the CO. of Suffolk,
Jn U. Canada, lies <o the W of Southwold,
having tbe river Thames for its N, and
lake Erie for its S boundary. Smyth.
Dupage, a circular lake on the S E fide
of Plein R. or rather au enlargement of
the channel of that river, 5 miles from its
mouth. Pleiu and Thcakiki there form
the Illinois.
Duptin Co. in Wilmington diftricSt, N.
Carolina, is bounded E by Onflow, and S
W by Sampfon. The number of inhab-
itants is 6796, of whom 1864 are flaves.
The greater part of the farmers raife
wheat and rice, but gencra:lly eat bread
made of Indian corn. Cotton and fweet
pntatoet arc raifed in condderable quan-
tities. The court houfe 13 55 miles N of
■Wilmington, 566 from Philadelphia.
D:i ^efne. Fort. See fiitjburg.
Durandy an uninhabited townfliip in
Grafton co. N. Hampfliire.
jD«»-<in^9, a town in the province of Za-
catecas, and audience of Guadalaxara, in
New Spain, 10 leagues from Nombre de
Dios, and is a bifliop's fee, at the conflu-
ence of feveral rivers which render it con-
venient for trade.
Durham, a townfliip in Cumberland co.
Afaine, on the S W bank of Androfcog-
gin R. which feparates it from Bowdoin
on the N F-. It was incorporated in
1789, contains 124a inhabitants, and lies
pt45 miles N eafterly of Bofton. N lat.
43 IS-
DUT
Durham^ a port town in Strafl'ord co. N.
Hampfliire, on Oyftcr R. near where it
joins the Pifcataqua ; 12 miles W of
Portfmouth. It was incorporated in 163.';,
and contains 1156 inhabitants. It was
formerly a part of Dover, which adjoins it
on the N,aud was called OvflerR. On the
top of a hill in this town is a rock, c(im-
puted to weigh 60 or 70 tons, fo cx.KtIy
poiled on jinotlier rock aj to be eallly
moved by one's linger^ Its fituation ap-
pears to be natural.
Dutham, a pod town in New Haven co.
Connciilicut, iettlcd from Guildford in
1698, and incorporated in 1708. It is
about 22 miles S W of Hartford, and 18
miles N E of New Haven. It was called
C.tglfigrhapuebv tbe Indians; which name
a fmall river "that chiefly rifes here, ftill
bears. It has 1029'inhabitants.
Durham, A townfliip in Bucks co. Penn-
fyIvania,Jfc:iving 405 icbabit<ants.
Durham Co. in U. Canada, is bounded
on the E by the county of Northumber-
land ; on the S by lake Ontario, until it
meets the wefteramoft point of I..ong
Beach, thence by a line running N, \(fi
W, until it interfcdls the fouthern boun-
dary of a tradl of land belonging to the
Miflaflraga Indians ; and thence along the
faid traift, parallel to lake Ontario, until
it meets the N wefternmofl boutidary qi
the county of Northumberland.
Durlock, Schoharie co. N. York. Here
is a poft ofHc<:, 449 miles N E of Waflir
ington.
Durot, a bav on the N fide of the S.
peninfula of the ifland of St. Domingo.
Dutchefs Co. in N. York, is on the E fide
of Hudfon R. It has the ftate of Connec-
ticut on the E, Weft Chefter on the S, and
Columbia co. on the N. It is about 48
miles lung, and 23 broad, and contains 15
tpwnfliips, of which Poaghkecplie and
Fifli Kill are the .chief. It contains
47)775 inliabitants, of whom 1609 are in
fljivery. Dutchcfs co. fends 7 reprefenta-
tives to the ?iflembly of the ftate. In the
year 1792, a remarkable cavern was dif-
covered in this county, at a place called
by the Indians Sepafcot, at Rhynbeck.
A lad, by chance, paffing near its entrance,
which lies between two huge rocks, on
the declivity of a ftecp hill, on prying into
the gloomy recefs, faw the top of a ladder,
by which he defcended about 10 feet,
and found himfcif in a fubtcrraneous
apartment, more capacious than he chofe
to invcftigate. He found, however, that
it had been the abode of pcrfons, who
probabl;^
probably duri
tcr here, as hi
leather were I
finee appears
paflage into
being about i
that a child o
walk upright
8 or to feet.
14 feet in lenj
broader than
caverns in the
a petrifying qi
is conftantly
roofs of its ap
ricty of tranfj
titcs. They I;
cles, and may
if not more t
fercncc. But
is the (kelctnn
into fulid fton
of the water
with fome did
from the rock
poflctrion of tl
the cavern. .
perienced in
cavern, by a d
the candles li
Was alfo very
Dutch Ainci
which the Se\
called the Ba
the continent
called Dutch
pofleflluns ha'
Englifli. Th£
belonging to t
and Curaflbu.
near St. F.uftai
and Aruba ,
Curaflou, and
ing cattle and
^Dutch Guiana
N by the Atla
S by unexplo
nia ; W by (
ment. ft lies
tending along
of Oronoko
Thefe fettlcm
miral Rodnc
1780, as an a
the Britifli em
dia iflands.
governments,
Efl"cquebo, an
arctwodiftri(f
A number of
I
BUT
I>UT
lirobably during the war, liad taken fliel-
tcr here, as hits of cloth, and pieces of
leather were icattered about its Aoor. It
ftiice appears to be divided by a narrow
paflage into two apartments ; the firft
being about 1 7 feet in length, and fo k)w
that a child of 8 years old could but ju(l
walk upright in it ; the breadth is about
8 or 10 feet. The fecond between 1 2 and
14 feet in length, but much hli^her and
broader than the firll. Ivikemany other
caverns in the United States, it poflefrcs
a petrifying quality ; and the water, which
is conflantly percolating clirough the
roofs of its apartments, has formed a va-
riety of tranlparcnt and bcautiiul flalac-
titcs. Tliey have the appearance of ici-
cles, and may be broken off by the hand,
if not more than two inches in. circum-
ference. But what is mofl to be admired,
is the (kelctnn of a large fuakc, turned
into folid ftone by the petrifying q^uality
of the water btTorenitntioncd. Ft was
with fome difliculty torn up with an axe
from the rock it lay upon, and is now in
pofleirion of t!»e gentleman who explored
the cavern. A want of free air was ex-
perienced in the inmoll reccflcs of the
cavern, by a difficult rcfpiration, though
the candles burnt very clear. The air
was alfo very warm.
Dutch America. TJie only pofleflion
■which the Seven United Provinces, now
called the Hatavian Republic, retain on
the continent of America, is the province
Called Dutch Guiana. A part of thcfe
pofTedions have been lately taken by the
Englifli. The ifland*^ in the W. Indies
belonging to tl»e republic are St. Euftatius
and CurafTou. The fmall ifland of Saba,
near St. Eudatius, and the iflands Bonaire
and Aruba ; which are appendages to
Curaflbu, and chiefly improved in raif-
ing cattle and proviiions for that ifland.
^Ontch Guiana, in S America, is bounded
N by the Atlantic ocean ; E by Cayenne ;
S by unexplored country called Amazo-
nia ; W bjr Oronoko, a Spanilb fettlc-
mcnt. Ft lies between 5 and 7 N lat. ex-
tending along the coafl from the mouth
of Oronoko R. to the river Marowyne.
Thefe fettlements were efteemed by ad-
miral Rodney, who captured them in
1780, as an acquilition of more value to
the Britifli empire, than all their W. In-
dia iflands. It is divided into 3 diftintit
governments, viz. Surrinam, Bcrbifch,
EfTequebo, and Demarara. The two lad
are two diftrit^l.'s, formingonc government.
A number of £iie rivers paf> through this
province ; the chief of which arc ES'e'
quclio, Surrinam, Denurara, Ucrbifch.r
and Ciinya. Elfcijucbo is ii milts wide
at itb nuiuth, :ind iii more than joo milev
in length, 'i he others are navigable, uad
are difi:ribed under their ditTercnt names.
'J'he chief towns are Paramaribo and
.Scailiroeck. In the months of Septem-
ber, OiSlober, and November, the climate
is unhealthy, particul-arly to flrangetF,
I'he common difeafes are putrid and oth-
er fevers, the dry belly ache, and the
dropfy. 100 miles back from the fea,
you come to quite a difl'ercnt foil, a hilly
country, a pure, dry, wholefome air,
where a fire i'omctimcs would not be dif-
' agreeable. Along the feacoafV,tIie water
is brackifli and unwholefome ; the air
damp and lultry. I'he thermometer
j ranges from 75 to 90 through the year.
A N E breeze never fails to blow from
about 9 o'clock in the mnrnijig through
the day in the hottefl fcaf'ons. As the
d«ys and nights, throughout the year, arc
\XTy nearly of equal length, the air un
never become extremely lieated, nor the
inhabitants fo-greatly incommoded by the
hent, as thofe who live at a grer'.ter dif-
tance from the equator. The ftafons
were formerly divided regularly into
rainy and dry ; but of late years fomuciv
dependence cannot be placed upon them,
owing ptobably to the country's being
more cleared, by which means a free paf-^
fage is opened for the air and vapours.
The water of the lower parts of the riv-
ers is brackiih, and unfit for ufe; and the
inhabitants are obliged to make ufe of
rain water, which is here uncommonly
fweet and good. About 70 miles from
the fea,.ou the river Surrinam, is a village
of about 40 or 50 houics, inhabited by
Jews. This village and the towns above-
mentioned, with the intervening planta-
tions, contain all the inhabitants in thi»
colony, which amount to 3200 whites;
and 43,000 flaves. The buildings on the
plantations are many of them codiy, con-
venient and airy. The country around i»
thinly inhabited with the native Indians,
a harmlefs friendly fet of beings. They
are, in general, lliort of (tature, but rc-
ma.kahly well made, of a light copper
colour, ftraight black hair, without beards,
high cheek bones, and broad lliouiders-
In their ears, nofes, and hair, the women
wear ornaments of filver, &c. Both men
and women go naked. One nation or
tribe of them tie the lower part of the
leg of the female children, when youngs
with
m
f
w.
1
DUT
Witli a cord bound very tight for the
hrtwJili 01' 6 inciicH ahout the ancle,
which i-urd ii never afterwards taken olT
but to (n'.t on a new one ; by which means
the flelli, which lliouhl olhcrwil'e ;5row
iin tliat p-.'.rt of the lej^,, increalts the calf
to a great lize, and lea^'cs tlie bone hdow
nearly bare. Tins, though it niuft rentier
them very weak, is reckoned a great I
beavity by theni. The Ian^;\iaj;e of the ]
Itidi:ins apju'ars to be very (oft. They
arc mortal enemies to every kind of la-
bimr ; but neverthtlefs. niannfa(5tnre a
few articles, inch as very line cotton
hammocks, eartlun water pois, balkets, a
red or yellow dye called Roucau, and
Ibmc other trifles, all of which they bring
to town and exchange for Inch articles as
they fland in need of. They paint ihem-
fclves red, and lome are cunoully figured
with black. 'I'heir food eonfifts chiefly
of hib and crabs and caflava, of which
they plant great quantities, and this is
almuft the only produce they attend to.
They cannot be laid to be abloluttly
vauilering tribes, but their huts being
merely a few crofs flicks, covered witli
branches, lb as to defend them from the
rain and fun, they frequently quit their
habitations, if they fee occafion, and tf-
tablifli them elfcwhere. They do not
fliun the whites, and have been fcrvicea-
ble againft the runaway negroes. On
«ach fide of the rivers and creeks arc fit-
uated the plantations, containing from
500 to 2000 acres each, in nuniber about
^50 in the whole colony, producing at
prefcnt annually about 16,000 hhds. of
fugar, 12,000,000 lb. coffee, 700,000 lb.
cocoa, 850,000 lb. cotton : All which ar-
ticles (cotton excepted) have fallen off
-within 15 years, at lead one third, owing
to bad management, both here and in
Holland, and to other caufes. Of the
proprietors ofthefe plantations, not above
80 refide here. In the woods are found
many kinds of good and durable timber,
and fome wood* for ornamental purpofes,
particularly a kind of mahogany called
copic. The foil is perhaps as rich and as
luxuriant as any in the world ; it is gen-
erally a rich, fat, clayey earth, lying in
fome places above the level of the rivers
at high water (which rifes about 8 feet)
and in mo(t places below it. Whenever
from a continued courfe of cultivation for
many years, a piece of lantl becomes im-
poveriflied (for manure is not known
here) it is laid under water for a certain
number of years, and thereby regains its
t)Uf
fertility, rmd in the mean time a new pitv ;>
(if wood land is chared. This coiii'.try
has never cxperieiictd thofe dreadful
fc(nir;;ei of the W. Indies, hur.icanes ;
and droughts from the lowncfs rff the
1 ind, it has not to fear ; nor has I h7 prod-
uce ever been dedroytd by infeOV* or by
the btufj. In Ibort, this colony, by jjropcr
tnanngemrrit, mi^ht become equal to Ja-
muica or nny other. Land is not w.mt-
iug; it is lincly interfctfled by noble liv-
ers, and abundant creeks; the foil is «)f
tiie bell kind, it is well fituatcd, and the
climate is not very unhealthy, and is
crowing better, and will continue fo to
do the more the country is cleared of it*
woods, and cultivated. The riv.rs abound
with fifli, fome of which are good ; at
certain ftafons of the year there is plenty
of turtle. '1 he woods abound with plenty
of djcr, hares, and rabbits, a kind of buf-
faloe, and two fpecits of wild hogs, one
of which (the peccary) is remarkable for
having foniething like its navtl on the
bark. Tl woods are infcftcd with fev-
cr.il fpeclcs of tygtrs, but with no other
ravenous or dangerous animals, 'i'hc
rivers are rendered dangerous by alliga-
tors from .1 to 7 feet long, and a man was
a fliort time fince cruflied bLtwten the
jaws of a fifli, but Its mime is not known.
Scorpions and tarantulas are found here
of a large fize and great venom, and other
infetSls without number, fome of them
very dangerous and troublefome. Thu
torporific eel alfo, the touch of which, by
means of the bare hand or any condudtor,
has the efTcdl of a ftrong elci^rical flioek.
Serpents alfo, fome of which arc venom-
ous, and others, as has been afferted by
many cr'fdiblc perfon8,arefrom aj to jO
feet long. In the woods are monkeys,
the floth, and parrots in all their varie-
ties ; alfo fome birds of beautiful plum-
age, among others the flamingo, but few
or no Tinging birds. The river Surinam
is guarded by a fort and two redoubts at
the entranc", and a fort at Paramaribo,
but none of them of any ftrcngth, fo that
one or two frigates would be i'ufficient to
make themfelves maflcrs of the whole col-
ony ; and never was there a people who
more ardently wiflied for a change of
government than the inhabitants of this
colony. The interior government eon-
fifts of a governor and a fupreme and in-
ferior council ; the members of the latter
are chofen by the governor from a dou-
ble nomination of the principal inhabit-
ants, and thofe of the former in the fame
manner.
manner. Bv
iftrate prefidi
julticc is exe(
neceflary for
the colony ; 1
public nature
and require r
court. The ^
■bout 1600 r
diredlors. T
a corps of al
by the court t
of chafTcurs,
court thinks 1
crs from tim
pods (ylaced a
don, furrounc
fide, in order,
the diftant pi;
general from
gcrous bands
from very fu
the natural p
and the conti
fives, arrived
cod the count
and much lofi
to do thefe n(
This colony
French as eai
and was aban
of its unheal
1650 it was ta
and in i66z ;
Charles 11. i
fiderably augi
a number of ,
out of Cayeni
defcendauts (
at prefcnt on(
ants of the co
Erivileges. Ii
•uteh, and t
felGon about
Dutch colony
tained its con
mod of them
their (laves b«
is dill Englidi
be under dooe
At prefent thi
•f the Britidi.
Dutchman's .
Vermont fide
16 miles S of t
idi held a doc
by 6 fuldiers,
has fince been
States.
Duxborough,
Tot. I.
DUX
manner. By there poweri, and by a maj-
iftrate prefiding over all criminal a&'airi,
julticc it executed and laws <ire cnai5lcd
neceflary for the interior government of
the colony ; thofe of a more general and
public nature are enadled by the diredlort,
and require no approbation here by the
court. The colony is guarded farther by
■bout 1600 regular troops, paid by tiie
dirciSlora. Thefe troops, together with
a corps of about 150 free ncgroet, paid
by the court here, and another fmall corps
of chaiTcurt, and fo many flavei as the
court thinks fit to order from the plant-
crs from time to time, are difperfcd at
pofls (.laced at proper difUnces on a Cor-
don, furrouuding the colony on the land
fide, in order, as far as poflible, to defend
the diftant plantations and the colony in
general from the attacks of I'evcral dan-
gerous bands of runaway flavcs, which
from very fmall beginnings have, from
the natural prolificacy of the negro race,
and the continual addition of frcfh fugi-
tives, arrived at fuch an height as to have
cod the country very great fums of money
■nd much lofs of men, without being able
to do thefe negroes any eflfcAual injury.
This colony vras firfl polleflcd by the
French as early as the year 1630 or 40,
and was abandoned by them on account
of its unhealthy climate. In the year
i6jo it was taken up by/ome Englifhnien^
and in i66i a charter was granted by
Charles 11. Altout this time it was con-
fiderably augmented by the fettlement of
a number of Jews, who had been driven
out of Cayenne and the Brazils, whofe
defcendauts (with other Jews) compofe
at prefcnt one half of the white inhabit-
ants of the colony, and are allowed great
Erivilegcs. In 1067 it was taken by the
lutch, and the Englifla having got pof-
fefBon about the fame time of the then
Dutch colony of N. York, each party re'
tained its conqueft, the Engliflt planters
mod of them retired to Jamaica, leaving
their tiaves behind them, whofe language
is (bll Englifli, but fo corrupted as not to
be underllood at firfl by an Englifliman.
At prefent this colony is in the poflenion
•f the Britifli.
Dutchman's Ptint, a point of land on the
Vermont fide of lake Champlain, about
16 miles S of the Canada line. The Brit-
ifli held a (lockaded hut heie, garrifuned
by 6 foldiers, after the peace of 178.^. It
has lince been delivered up to the United
States.
Duxboreush, a maritime and poft town
V&t. I. u
EAS
in Plymouth co. Maflachufctts, incorpo*
^atedin 1637. Twenty vefTcIs, the greater
part from 60 to 90 tuns, arc owned here,
it is a healthy town, and contains 1664
inhabitants. It lies N by W ot Plymouth,
3 miles acrofft Plymouth bay by water,
and 8 round bv land, and 3S S E by S of
Bofton. Within the harbour are Clarke's
I. confiding of about 100 acres of excel-
lent land, and Sauquifh I. which was for-
merly joined to the Ournct, by a narrow
piece of fand ; but the water has infulat-
ed it. The Gurnet is an eminence at the
fouthern extremity of the beach, on which
is a light houfe built by the ftate. The
Indian name of the town was Mattakee-
fet, or Namakeefet. It was fettled by
Capt. StandiOi and his afiiiciatcs. The
captain (the military commander of the
colony) came to Plymouth with the firfl
fettlers in 1630. A hill in the town is now
called the Captain's Hill.
DitxBury, a townlhip in Chittenden co.
Vermont, about 30 miles S £ of Burling-
ton, and contains 153 iuhubitautSi
uZiASL, A townfliip in Lancaficr co.
Pennfylvania, and has 3669 inhabitants.
EuJianaUtt, the N E head branch of Al-
abama R. in Georgia, on which Hands the
town of Eaflaaallce.
EaJI Andover, a town in York co. Maine,
90 miles N W «f Portland, having tjs
inhabitants.
Eaft Bay, u an artn of lake Champlain,
which from its S point projedts eaflward.
EaJI BctNehem, a townfliip in Wafliing-
ton CO. Pennfylvania, has 1461 inhabitants.
EaJ) Camp, a village of N. York, in Co-
lumbia CO. on the £ bank of the Hudfoit,
7 miles above Red Hook, 13 N of N. York.
Eaf Chefler, a townfliip in Weft Cheftcr
CO. N. York, on Long L found, about 8
miles S W of Rye, 5 northerly of Weft
Cheflcr, ?nd 17 N £ of N. York. It con-
tains 738 inhabitants.
Enfer, an iilc in the Pacific ocean ; S
lat. 27 II, W Ion. lit 55. It is barrca,
and has no frefh water, except in the cra-
ter of an cxtinguiflied volcano. The na-
tives are fometimss driven to the iieceillty
of drinking fca water. They are about
2000 fouls, a thievifli, lewd race of mor-
tals. Their foil is fertile ; yams, pota-
toes, bananas, are their principal fupport.
They live in fmall communities, each
party occupying one common habitation,
difro^arding the laws of cbaftlty, and the
Solemnity
:,:|
■ ii 11
EAS
Ibfi^nUy of the marriage rite. One of
thefe dwellings, which ha» been mcalurcd,
is 3 to feet long, lo wide, and lo high.
The roof being fuppurtcd by pillars uf
Java, the only kind of Aones in the ifland.
Eaflern J)iJlriH, Tie, in U. Canada, was
originally conftituted and eretftcd into a
diftridt, by the name of the diflriA of
Lunenburgh, in the province of Quebec,
by Lord Dorchcfter's proclamation of the
a4th Juhr, ;788; and was taken princi-
pally o(r the W end of Montreal. It re-
ceived its prcfcnt name by un adt of the
provincial legiHature : it is bounded cad-
crly by the province of Lower Canada ;
fouiherly by the river St. Lawrence ;
northerly by the Ottawa river ; and. weft-
erly by a meridian palGng through the
mouth of the Gananoijue ft. in the town^
fliip of Leeds. Smyth,
Etijlirn IJland, on the F, fide of Chtfa-
peak bay, at the mouth of Cheftcr R.
Eafitrn PrtcinB, in Somerfet co. N. Jer-
£sy, contained, in 1790, ao68 inhabitanlA,
of whom 468 were Haves.
Eaflern River, a fettl' ment in Hancock
CO. Maine, containing, in 1790, 240 i/^-
habitants.
EtiJSerton, a village in Dauphin co. Pcnn-
fylvania, on the E fide of Sufquehanna R.
4 miles N by W of Harrilburg, and in
N W by W of Philadelphia.
E,ift Florida. See Florida.
Eajl Green-wich, a port town, and the
chief town<T)ip in Kent co. Rhode Illand;
16 miles S of Providence, and aa N N W
of Newport, and contains 1775 inhabit-
ants. The eompadt part, called Green-
wich town, has a number of dwelling
houfes, a meeting houfe, and handfome
court houfe; and-, although its commerce
is greatly reduced, carries on the fiflieries
to advantage, and lends fome veflcls to the
W. Indies. It is fituated on the N W part
of Narraganfet bay. Both this town and
Warwick are noted for making good ci-
der ; and formerly for raifing tobacco for
exportation.
irt/? //iiiA/aw,a port town in Middlcfex CO.
Conne(Slicut, on the E fideof Connedticitt
R. oppofite to Haddam, of which it was
formerly a part. It was fettled in 1704,
and lies 14 miles fouthw<*rdly of Middle-
ton, 2 1 miles N W of N. London, and has
a8o5 inhabitants.
Eaflham, a port town in Barnftable co.
Manachufetts, 6 miles long, and 2^ wide.
-It is on the peninfula of Cape Cod between
Orleans and Wellfleet. Its diftance from
S«(loQ by ihc read is 94 miles, and in a
EA«
flraight line 68. Above 1000 buflicis V
corn arc annually fcnt to market front
this town. Five and twenty years ago a
threefold quantity was exported. 'Ihe
forcAs haviitg been cut down, the wind
has made a large part of the townlliip
like a dcfert of fand, but enclofures and
I. each gra(ii promife to prcfcrve the fer-
tile grounds. There are 659 inhabitants
in laa families, inhabiting 99 dwelling
houfes, only 7 uf which arc 2 (lories high.
At the didance of a mile a light houfe
was ercifted on tJte high lands of Cape
Cod, it> 1798. The town contains a
meeting houfe, which was lately enlarged
and repaired, and 2 fchool houfes. Here
and at Orleans the Naufet Indians for-
merlydwelt. Lat, 41 51 N,lon,6956 W.
Eiijl Ham/tlon, a townlliip in HampHiire
CO. Maflachiifctts, 6 miles S of Northamp-
ton, and loj W by S of Bofton, U con-
tains 586 inhabitants, and is divided from
the W bank of Conncdticut R. by the
celd>rated mountain called Mount Tom.
Eajl Hampton, a handfome town in Suf-
follcco. N. York, on the S E coaft of Long
Iflind, I a miles E N E of South Hampton,
and 105 E of N. York city. It has a
Prefbyterian church, an- academy, and
about 80 dw( "ing houfes ia one (Ircct.
The townfliip contains 1549 inhabitants.
Gardner's Idand is annexed to this town.
Eajl Hartford, in Hartford co. Connec-
ticut, lies on th'- E bank of ConnedVicut
R. oppofite to Hartford. The compacSt
part of it lies in one broad Itreet a mile
and a half in length. Here are a number
of mills on the difFerent ftreams which
water tli'- town ; alfo iron and glats
works.' It has 30^7 inhabitants.
Eafl Haven, a t.i.ciifliip in New Haven
CO. ConucvSbicuty on the E- fide of New
Haven harbour. There is a fort a miles
from the mouth of the bay oppofite
Smith's poiiu to defend tlie paflage. The
Scotch Captain and other fmall iflots and
rocks lie on the S fliore. It has 1004 in-
habitants.
Eaf Haven, a townfliip in EiTex co. Ver-
mont, W of Maidftonc, 11 miles :> E of
the fouthern end of Willoughby's lake,
and 18 N by W of the upper bar of the
ij mife falls on ConnetSticut R.
Eaf Kinzflon, in Rt)ckingham co. N.
Hampfliire, a part of Kingftoii ; which
fee. It contains 39a inhabitants.
Eaji Main, is that part of New Britain,
or Labrador, in N. America, which lies
on the E fide of James bay ; as part of
New ^outb Wales on the VV fide of the
fatore
fume bay is
fon biy fa»f
ated on tiie
Rupertand
run weftwai
F.iijlan, a p
rnpitalofN
uated at the
on the W fi(
ulariy htid o
compaa I.
Iioiifc, rcgifl
and 1045 in
£ of Bsthleh
pin'a.
EaJloH, the
hot CO. Mary
Court Houfe
peak bay, n(
R. la miles f
tank R. It \
and market I
houfes, and I
of the adjace
wcfterly of V
Town, and i]
Eajlon, a tc
N. York. It
Eaff'i, cr-£
ant for its iro
Briftol CO. Ma
KaynhamR. 6
12 Wof Brid
inhabitants.
are made herJ
was introduce]
ard, in 1786.
and is cheapej
equal in quail
plough fharesf
quire large qil
for edge toolsl
of inferior quf
The manufad
here in 1792,!
of 3000 buflij
annually proJ
oil.
Eajlon s Bei\
ern end of R|
Eajloivii, in
the K bank o]
eafterly part
bridge E ; con
Eafiport, a.
Maine. ThisI
cape of Pad
mouth of Kc
motefl incorfj
Cttftern bounc
EAS
fj«me hay is called Wejl Main, The Hud-
fon biy faiflory called Eaft Main, is fitu-
Atcd on the S part of Had Main, between
Rupert- and siadc rivers, both of which
run weftward into James bay.
Eiijion, a pofVtowu «)f Pcnnlylvania, and
cnpital of Northampton CO. pfctfantly fit-
uatcd at the mouth of the Lehigh ; and
on the W fide of Delaware R. It is reg-
ularly liid out, and contains about 150
compa(5l d clling houfes, a church, court
houfe, regifler'^ oflice, and an academy,
and 1045 inhabitants. It is 12 mtles N
£ of Bethlehctn, and 70 N of Philadel-
phia.
Eajlon, the chief and port town of Tal-
bot CO. Maryland, formerly called 'i'albot
Court Houfc, is on the £ fide of Chcfa-
peak bay, near the forks of Treadhaven
R. 12 miles from its jundlion with Chop-
tank R. It has a handfome court houfe,
and matket houfe ; about ijo dwelling
houfes, and feveral florcs for the fupply
of the adjacent country. It is 5 miles S
weftcrly of Williamfburg, 37 S of Cheftt.*
Town, and 118 SW of Philadelphia.
EaJloHf a. townfliip in Wafliington co.
N. York. It has 3069 inhabitants.
Eaf^"t. cr ■EitJIoivn, a port town, import-
ant for its iron manufatSlures, fituated in
Briftol CO. MaOachufetts, near the head of
KaynhanvR.6mHesNWof RaynhHm,and
la W of Bridgewater. It contains 1550
inhabitants. The beft milLfaws in the (late
are made here. The art of making (lecl
was introduced here by Capt. £liph. Leon-
ard, in 1786. It is made in quantities;
and is cheaper than imported (letl, and
equal in quality for large work, I'uch as
plough fhares, horfe (hoes, &c. which re-
quire large quantities of hard Acei. But
for edge tools, in general, it is found to be
of inferior quality to -what is imported.
The manufadturc of Linfeed oil began
here in 1792, and from an annual (lock
of 3000 bufliels of feed, there has been
annually produced near 5000 gallons of
oil.
Eajlons Beach and Bay, He at the fouch-
ern end of Rhode Ifland.
Etijloivii, in Wafliington CO. N.York, on
the E bank of Hudlon R. formerly the
caAerly part of Saratoga, and has Cam-
bridge £ ; containing ,^072 inhabitants.
Eajlport, a port town in Wafliington co.
Maine. This townfliip forms the wcftern
cape of PaiTamaquoddy bay, and the
mouth of Kobbelkook R. It is the re-
niotefl incorporated townfliip on the
eu(lei:n boundary of Maine, aud of the
EDE
Unitctl States. Quoddy Head makei %
part of the towu(hip, brlutcn which and
Campo Bcllo Ifland is what is railed the
Weft Pi»fl"age. It lies 888 miles N E from
Wafliington, and about 20 R of Machias.
EnJI R. in the flate of N York, and the
waters of North or Hudfon R. form York
I. The communication between North
R. and Long (. found is by i^afl R. along
the caftern (ide of N. York ifland.
EiiJ}, or Neilb Haven, or ^inef)aiir;r R.
in Connetflicut, riles in Souihington, not
far from a bend in Farmington R. and
pafling through Wallingford and North
Haven, empties into New Haven harbour.
It has been contemplated to conneifl the
fouice of this river with Farmington R.
Eajl Taten, in Chcfter co. Pennlylvania,
has 444 inhabitants.
EiiJ} JVhitetiiml, 9. townfliip in Chefter
CO. Pennfylvania, has 642 inhabitants.
£<ijl IVini/Jbr, a townfliip in Hartford
CO. Conncdlieut ; feparated from Windfor
by Conncdlieut R. and about 7 milts N
E of Hartford. The conipadl part of the
town lies on one broad ftreet of about %
miles in length. In the townfliip are 3
Congregational churches. The lands are
fertile ; andbcfide thole articles common
to the (late, produce large quantities of
good tobacco. It has 2766 inhabitants.
Eaton, a townfliip in L. Canada, E of
Afcot, adjoining, having 400 inhabitants.
A fouthern branch of St. Francis R. palTcs
through this town.
Eaton, a town in the northern :part of
Strafford co. N. Hampfliire ; 3 miles N of
the Great OlTipee lake, and about 56 N by
W of Portfmouth. It was incorporated
in 1766, and contains 381 inhabitants.
£iilonto^vn, improperly called Edentown,
a pleafant village in N. Jerfey, about a
mile S of the town of Shrewlbury, in the
fame townfliip. It is a place of fome
bufinefs and thriving.
Eienfzer, the capital of Efiingham co.
Georgia, feated on the S W bank of Sa-
vannah R. 5 miles from Abercorn, 25 N
N W of Savannah, 75 S E of Louifville,
and 860 S W of Philadelphia. It con-
tains but a few houfes, lefs than a dozen,
going to decay ; and a decent brick
church. It was fettled in 1735, by a
number of Proteftants driven out of Saltf-
burg, in the Eledlorate of Bavaria, by per-
fecution.
EddyuiUe, a poft town, Livingfton ca
Kentucky, 821 miles W by Sfrom Waflir
ington.
Eden^ a pod town in Hancock co. Maine:,
incorpoxatcj}
i
f-
1
m
• i«
« r
KDG
EEL
incorporated in 1796, taken from the
northerly part of Mount Defert. Thi»
ifland it 764 milei eadcrly from Wa(h-
ingtnn.
Edei\ a towndiip in Orleani co. Ver-
mont, N W of Craftfbury, adjoining.
RJentan, a diflrit^ on the fcacoafl of N.
Carolina, bounded N by the (late of Vir-
Sinia ; E by the ocean ; W by Halifax
iftritft, and 3 by Ncwbcrn. It is fubdi-
vidcd into 9 countica, viz. Chowan, I'af-
quotHnk, Perquimins, Gate*, Hertford,
Bcrti.'. and Tyrrcl. It contains 5<i,986
inhabitants, ot whom li)6,ia are Haves.
Its chief town in Mdenton. The wood is
chiefly pine, oak, cyprcfs, and juniper ;
of all which there is abundance. The
lands in this diQritfl are level, rich, and
remarkably will watered. Almod h«lf
the inhabitants are in flavcry.
EdentoHt the capital of the above didridk,
is a pod town and port of entry, at the
head of a bay on the N fide of Albemarle
found, and at the N E fide of the opening
of Chowan R. It contains above 150 in-
diflferent wooden buildings, a few hand-
fome ones, and ijo^inhabitants, of whom
913 are (laves. The public buildings are
an ancient brick Epifcopal church, a
court houfe and gaol. In or near the
town lived the proprietary, and the fir(l
Of the royal governors. Its fituation is
advantageous for trade, but unhealthy j
which dOubtlefs has tended to retard Us
profperity. Its exports in the year end-
ing Sept. '30, 1794, amounted to the value
of 50,646 dolls. It is 97 miles N of New-
bern, 457 N N E of Wilmington, 139 S E
of Peteriburgh, and 440 S S W of Phila-
delphia. N lat. 36 6, W Ion. 77 !»•
Edtiyfiatvn, a platiiation in Hancock co.
Maine, W fide Of Penobfcot R.
Edgartm^ a port of entry and pod town
of MalTHchufccts, and the chief town of
Duke's CO. iit'.iatcd on the E fide of the
ifland of Martha's Vineyard, The fertile
ifland of Chabaquidick is within the ju-
rifdidlion of Edgarton ; which has a fmall
trade to the W. Indies. The exports in
1 794, for one year ending September 30th,
amounted to 1157 dollars value. It lies
about 14 miles S of Burndable county, on
the main, and 100 miles S S E of Bofton.
It was incorporated in i67i,and contains
I a 16 inhabitants.
Edgcomb, formerly Freetown, a townfliip
in Lincoln co. Maine, £ S F. of Wifcaflct,
adjoining, containing 989 inhabitants. It
was incorporated in 1774, aud lies 180
aule* N by £ of Bofton,
Edgtml, a county of Halifax diftridt,
N. Carolina, bounded S by Pitt co. S W
by Wayne co. and Tar R. which alTordi
it communication with fcveral counties in
the ftate ; W by Na(h co. and £ by Mar-
tin and Halifax counties. It contains
9898 inhabitantH.ofwhom 3580 are flavcs.
EdgtfieUtVn\\{\n'!X in S. Carolina, bound-
ed N by Saluda R. which divides it from
Newbury didriift ; S W by Savannah R.
which feparatcs it from the Aale of Geor-
gia ; W by Abbeville. The ridge of ele-
vated land, which divides the waters of
Saluda from thofc of Savannah R. paflcs
nearly through the middle of the county.
Hdgcneld dillridl it about 44 miles long,
and 44 broad.
EdgrfM Court Houfe, in the above dlf-
tritSt, where is a poA ofHce, is ao mile*
from Abbeville court houfe ; 35 from
Auguda, and 60 from Columbia.
Ed»tmont, a town(hip in Delaware co,
Pennl'yivania, has 509 inhabitants.
Edijio, or i't/z/oM, a navigable river in S.
Carolina, which rifea in two branches
from a remarkable ridge in the interior
part of the date. Thcfe branches unite
below Orangeburgh, which dands on the
N fork, and form Edido river, which,
having pafTed Jackfooburg, leaving it on
the S, branches and embraces Edido, and
feveral fmallcr ifles. For large boats it is
navigable 100 miles.
£dip»,\i\ Oraogeco. S. Carolina. Hereis
a po(t office, 577 miles from Wafliington.
Edward, Fort, an old fortrefs now ia
ruins, on the E bank of Hudfon R.in the
townfliip of Argyle, which fee.
Ed-ward, a fort in Nova Scotia, in iixe
town of Windfor, in Hants co. faid to be
large enough to contain aoo men. It is
fituated on Avon R. which is navigable
thus far for velTels of 400 tons ; thofe of
6p tons can go t miles higher.
Edivardjburgb Ttmtnjbif, in the County
of Grenville, in U. Canada, is the 7th
townfliip in afcending the river St. Law-
rence.
Etl River Indioiu, inhabit the lands on
Eel R. a head branch of Wabafli R. They
were lately hodile ; but ceded fome land
at the mouth of the liver to the U. States,
at the treaty of Greenville, in 1 795 ; when
government paid them a fum of money,
and engaged to pay them in goods, to the
value of 500 dollars annually for ever.
Eel Cove and River, L'anfe et Im Riviere a
VApguille, on the S fide of Chaleur bay, it
about 3 leagues W from Maligafli. This
core abouudi with falmoo, and great
quantities
^uantitiet of
by a few inhi
EJJingljamJi
fliip in Straf
of OlTuKC pi
rated in i76(
Georgia, is I
the N c:\dv\'a
S. Carolina ;
wcdward, wl
CO. It conrai
ing 761 flavc
and Eiberton,
.?!? Hitrlrou
N. Jcrfcy, on (
for the export
•^.W ^firioui
E^jg Harbour
and Cumberh
After running
comes the divi
May and Glo
into the bay 01
from the Atli
The river aboii
63i, perch, oy(
a ready mark
river is naviga
»oo tons. Lii
about 1 7 miles
Inlet. It recei
in Gloueeder
and forms par
few miles fron
ao miles for vel
fliip of Little J
ca confids of
mod of which,
not under imp
part of the tow
where there is a
and about a do
trade to the \^
war captains
a number of
in Little Egg h
place.
■Egg I. a fma
Delaware bay i
Egmont, an i(l
difcovered by (
iards called it .<
E Ion. from Gre
Egremont, a
Maflachufetts,
incorporated i,
Stoclcbridge, an
£igbtetn MUl
coaft Mi N. Je
u
E lO
ELI
f utntiiin of that fidi it taken annually,
l^y a few inhabitants who arc fettled here.
EJjiiHgham, fiirnicrly I^eavitftown, a town-
fliip in StrafTorU cu. N. lianiplhirv, S K
of OlTiiKC punJ, on Ollipcc R. incorpo-
rated in 1766, and hai 4;! inhabitanti.
KJin^bdm Co. in the lowir diftiiA of
Georgia, i» bounded by Savannah R. on
the N c.jfhvard, which fcparate§ it from
S. Carolina; by Ot;ccrliei- K. on the 8
weOward, which divide* it from Lilurty
CO. It contains 2072 inhahitantH, includ-
ing 761 fluvci. Chief tuwnit, EUcnczcr
and KIberton.
Egg Hiiriour, a town in Glouct-ncr co.
N. Jcrfey, on Great Egg Hiirbour ; famous
for the exportation of pme and cedar.
Egg Harbour R, Great anJ Little, Great
Egg Harbour R. rifcs between Glonctftcr
and Cumberland counties, in N Jerfcy.
After running E S E a few miles, it be-
comes the divifional line between Cape
May and Glouceftcr counties, and falls
into the bay of its own name. The inlet
from the Atlantic ocean lies in 39 2a.
The river abounds with fliecplhead, roelc-
fifli, perch, oyfters, clams, &c. which find
a ready market at Philadelphia. Tliis
river is navigable ao miles for veflels of
%00 tons. Little Egg Harbour Inlet, lies
about 17 miles N E of Great Egg Harbour
Inlet. It receives Mulicus R. which rifes
in Glouccfler and Burlington counties,
and forms part of the divifional line a
few miles from the bay. It is navigable
ao miles for veflels of 60 tons. The town-
iliip of Little Egg Harbour, in Burlington
CO. coniifts of about i.'^.ocxj acres ; the
TOoft of which, being thin and barren, is
not under improvement. The compaifl
part of thetownfhip is called Clam Town,
where there is a meeting houfe for Friends,
and about a dozen houfcs. It has a fmall
trade to the W. Indies. During the late
war captains Fergufon and CoUins burnt
a number of privateers and other veflels
in Little Egg Harbour, and dcQroyed the
place.
Egg 7. a Tmall ifland on the N E fide of
Delaware bay in Cumberland co.
Egmont, an ifland in the S. Pacific ocean,
difcovered by Capi, Carteret. The Span-
iards called It Santa Crua. S lat. 19 ao,
£ Ion. from Greenwich 164 30.
Egremont, a townfliip in Berldliire co.
MalTachufetts, containing 835 inhabitants,
incorporated in 1760 ; 15 miles S W of
Stockbridge, and 145 W of Boflon.
Eigbtten Mile, or Xwy Beatb, on the
WMtft of N. Jerfey, liea between Little
T.gf, Harbour TuU't, nnd that of Birnt{;it.
£7i<r/,a co.inihcuijjur diflric't of C. or-
gia, bctwren lugiilo .uid iiiii„il rivers,
'i'lie S E corni.'i' of the co, is iit their eon«
fluerne, at tlietdwn ot I'l.'turflviijj. On
tJie N VV it u l)oiii:fled by lT.i:iklin to.
It is divided into 17 tci\viillii|)., niul (on«
taius io,Qy4 iiiiuliitant.H, of wliuiu 2(ii6
arc llaves.
.F./ierhn, thc r::it of juftijC in the iil;0
CO. is 2."? miles N W of I'etc r(!iur^, .iiul jo
S K ot FiMuklin court lioufc. Here is a
poll oflicc.
Elk-iion, a port town in nnnj^hjm co.
Geoigia, on tlit- N V. b.iii!: of O^jcecliee B.
It Ih about 1 1> miles VV o? lUune/cr, /)S
N W of Savannah, Jiiui $^ ^ I'.of Louifville.
Etbrjiv I. in tlic N wellcrn part oi
lake Superior in IT. Can.ula, lien totlic M
L of the Gruud Port:igc, and \V ct Ifle
Maurcpas.
Etuthera, or AUihufer, one of the Baha-
ma or Lucaya illandj*, wlicrc above 6o
families formerly fettled under Dcp. Got.
Holmes, and eicdled a fmall fort.
Elias, Mount St. a mountain near the
fliore of the N W eoaft of America, N W
of Admiralty bay, and S E of Prince
William's found.
Elizitbctb, Cufc. See Cape Elizuhetb and
Caf^o Bay.
Elixnbeth City Co. in Virgini:i, lies be-
tween York and James rivers, having
Warwick and York counties on thc W,
and Chefapeak bay on thc E and N.
There are I'everal fmall i/lands on its fea
coad, the chief of which are Long and
Egg iflands. Point Comfort is thc 3 cafl-
ern extremity of the co. It contains
1256 free inhabitants, and 1522 flaves.
Elizabeth City, Pafquatank co. N. Caro-
lina. Here is a pofl: ofEcc, 299 miles front
Wafliington.
Elizabetl) J/l'incfj, fevcral fmall iflands on
the S E fide of Buzzard's bay, extending S
weflerly from the extremity of Barnftable
CO. in MafTachnfett-i, and bearing N W
from Martha's Vineyard ; iitnated be-
tween 41 14 and 41 32 N lat. and bct^^ ecn
70 38 and 70 j6 W Ion. They are about
16 in number; tJie chief of which are
Nafliawn, Pal'qui, Nafliawcnna, Pinequefc,
and Cattaliunk illands. All thcfe be*
long to Duke's co.
Elix.itetb, a. fliort fouthern arm of Jamea
R. in Virginia. It affords an excellent
harbour, and large enough for 300 fliips.
The channel is from 150 to :oo fathoms
wide ; and at common flood tide it hat
18 feet water to Norfolk, which ftand»
near
it"
ELI
^ear (he mouth of its cadcrn branch.
Vhe S branch rifes in the Difmal Swamp.
Crancy I. at the mouth of Elizabeth, lies 5
miles S W of Pojnt Comfort, at the mouth
of James R.
Elizabdl/s I. Quern, in tlic ftraits of
Magellan, iu S. America. Here frelh wa-
ter, herbs fit for fallad, and wild fowl may
be had in great plenty. 'I'lw fliorcs alio
abound with fiicU fi(h.
JEtiza/ieth, a poft town in I^ancafter co.
Pennfylvania, containing about 30 houlcs,
a Dutch ch^rch, and ^46 inhabitants ; i8
piiles N W by W of Laucafter, and 84 W
•by N of Philadelphia.
Ellaabethtoiun, a port town and borough,
\» iilXtx CO. N. Jerfey ; plcafantly lituated
on a /'mall creek which empties into Ar-
thur Kull. Its foil is equal to any in the
ftate. In the coinj^aifl part of the town,
there are about 150 lioufes, two brick
thtirdjci, one for Prcfbyterians, very
bandfome, the other for Epifcupalians,
and an academy. This is one of the old-
eft townsin the (iate, having been purchaf-
,ed of the Indians as <arly as 1664, and
-fettled foon after. It lies 6 miles foutherly
of Newark, and 15 S \V by W of N. York
Elizabeth .awn, A town of Alleghany co.
Pennfylvania, on the S E fide of Monon-
g;ihela R. between Redftone Old Fort ajid
Pittfburg, about 1 8 miles from each, and
6 above the month of the Youghagany.
Many boats are built here for the trade
«nd emigration to Kentucky, and in the
environs are feveral faw mills. It has 1904
inhabitants. There is another town of
this name in the fame co. which has in
inhabitants. N lat. 40 13, W Ion. 79 2
ElizabetLtoivn, a poft town of Mil ry lane
and capital of Wafliington co. formerly
called Hagarfliown, feated in the fertile
valley of Conegocheague. It has fever»l
ftreets regularly laid out. The houfes are
principally built of brick and flone, in
number about 300. Epifcopalians, Prcf-
bytcrians, and German Lutherans, hav«
each a church. 'I'he court houfe and mar-
ket houfe are handfome buildings, and
the gaol isof ftonc, and fubftantial. The
trade with the weftern country is confid-
erable ; and there are a number of mills
in the neighbourhood, on Antietam creek.
6ce Hagarjinivn.
EAizabethtoivn, the chief town of Tyrrel
CO in Edcnton diftri(Sb, N. CaroHna, has a
gaoH court houfe, and a few dwelling
Iioufes. It is 40 miles from Fayetteville,
and ss from Wilmington.
£!izaittbtaxvn, a poll-town and the chief
ELK
in Bladen co. N. Carolina, is fituated n*
the N W branch of Cape Fear. It con-
tains a court houfe, gaol, and about 30
houfes ; 36 miles fouthward of Fayette-
ville, and 47 N M' of Wilmington.
Eliziibc-tljiinvn, a poft town in EfTcx co,
N. York, is on the W fliore of Lake
Chaniplain, N of Crown Point, and has
900 inhabitants. It is 519 miles N by E
from Wafliington.
EliTiibetb Toivii, the townfhip of, in the
CO. of Leeds, in U. Canada, is the 9th
townfhip'In afcenditig \A\q -river St. Law-
rence. U is well watered by the river
Ttmiant?, and three wther ftreams.
Elk, a creek in Northumberland co.
Pennfylvania, Avhich uniting with Penn'»
creek, falls into thu Sufquehanna, 5 milci
below Siii»bur.y,
jElt, a n-dvigable river of the eaftern
fliorc of Maryland, which rifes in Chcfter
CO. Pennfylvania, by two branches; Big
and Little Elk creeks. At their conflu-
ence ftands Elkton. The canals in con-
templation from EUc R. to Delaware bay,
are noticed under Delaware bay.
Elk, a flvort navigable river, in the ftate
of Teneflte. It rifes on the N W fide of
Cumberland mountain, runs S wefterly,
and falls into the TenefTee a little above
the Mufcle flioals ; about 40 miles W NT
W of the Creeks' Crofting Place.
£ltbor/i, a fniall water of Kentucky R.
The Eikhorn lands are much efteemed,
being fituated in a bend of Kentucky R.
in Fayette co. in which this fm^U river,
or creek, rifes.
Elk Late, one of the chain of fmail lake^
which .connects the lake of the Woods
with lake Su^>erior. N lat. 48 41, W
Wn. 9.V
EUriifge, a fmall town in Ann Arundel
CO. Maryland, on the S hank of Patapfco
R. and on the W fide of Deep run. This
place is famous for the bright tobacco
called litis foot. It is 8 miles S W of Bal-
timore, and 19 N W of Annapolis. N
lat. 39 1 a 30.
Eliion,^ pofttoiwnof confidera'ble trade,
at the head of Chefapeak bay, in Mary-
land, and the capita! of Cecil co. It is
fituated at the confluence of the head
branches of Elk R. 13 miles from its mouth
at Turkey Point, and a mile above French
town. Ti:'. tide flows up to the town,
and it csijoys great advantages from the
carrying trade, between Baltimore and
Philadelphia. Upwards of 250,000 bufli-
eis of wheat are colleifted here annually,
for fupplying thofc markets, or the neigh-
bouring
iobrln? mills.
/Ireet, m whit
court houfe, ai
the town is an
S W of Chrl
Charleftown, 4
56 N E of Bal
Ellington, at
iJies and 1209
Connedlicut.
of Hartford ci
Ellis R. in A
Amercfcoggin"
Ellifvillc, a p
Pennfylvania, J
Ellfivortb, a
Union R. Har
rated Feb. 180
Elmore, ■ a tt
Vermont; has
Elmjly Toivn
lies to the S, a!
land, in U. Can
Emery's R, a
which runs S I
Nby E of the]
Emm JUS, -A M
from Bethlchcii
EmmilJjiiirgL ,
ing village in
between Flat R
em head water
about a mile S
Here is a poft (
•f Frederick, a;
N lat. 39 10 3c
Enchanted Mi
Eitdhfs Mout
applied to the
Endeavour Sti
point of New F
New Guinea.
140.
Enfield, a towi
■edlicut, on the
Oppofite to Sufi
N by the Ma
granted by the
Springfieldy ia ]
z68i. In 1769
families. In th(
tional churches
Shakers, The <
contiguous to t
1 8 miles N of F
habitants.
Enjxeld, a tow
Hampfliire, abc
mouth college.
Jr76r,andka» i
ENP
Ei»n
ioliring mills. Elkton confiAs of one
/Ircct, in which are about 90 houfcs, a
court houfe, and gaol. On the W tide of
the town is an academy. It is iz miles
S W of Chrlftiana bridge, 10 N E of
Charledown, 47 S W of Philadelphia, and
56 N E of Baltimore.
Ellinghn, a townfliip of about 200 fam-
ilies and 1209 inhabitants, in Tolland co.
Connedlicut. It lies about 12 miles N £
of Hartford city, and 6 W of Tolland.
FMh R. in Ma ne, is a branch of Great
Amerefcoggin' ^. See Ru,:^ford.
EllifvilU, a poll town, Cumberland co.
Pcnnfylvania, 156 miles from Wafliington.
Ellftvortb, a townfliip on both tides of
Union R. Hancock co. Maine, incorpo-
rated Feb. 1800, late No. 7.
Elmore, 9. townlhip in Orleans CO. in
Vermont ; has 45 inhabitants.
Elmjly Toiunjbipy in the caftern diftricl,
IJes to the S, and in the rear of Cumber-
land, in U. Canada. Smytb.
Emery's Ri a fmall river in Ttneflce,
which runs S E into thcTenefTee, 7 miles
N by E of the mouth of Clinch R.
E/naaus,A Moravian i'cttlement, 8 miles
from Bethlehem, in Penufylwauia.
EmmitJbiir^L , or Emmtjbingh, a flourifll-
ing village in Frederick co. Maryland,
between Flat Run and Toms creek, weft-
crn head waters of the Monocacy, and
about a mile S of the Pcnnfylvania line.
Here is a port ofllce, 24 miles N E by E
©f Frederick, and 50 N W of Baltimore.
N lat. 39 10 30.
Eiithanted Mountain. See tenejfee.
Endhfi Mountains, a name fomctimcs
applied to the Alleghany mountains.
Endeavour Straits, are between the N
point of New Holland, and the S coaft of
New Guinea. S lat. 10, £ Ian. from Paris
140.
JS/i^e/t/, a townfliip in Hartford co.Con-
■eifticut, on the E bank of Conne(5):icut R.
dppotite to Sufiield, and bounded, on the
N by the Mafl'achufetts line r It wm
granted by the court of Matiachuretts.to
Springiieldf in 1648, and was fettled in
l68r. In 1769 it contained 214 Englifli
families. In the town are two Congrega-
tional churches^ and a meeting houie for
Shakers. The compad: part of the town,
contiguous to the river, is very plcafant,
18 miles N of Hartford. It has 1761 in-
habitants.
Enfield, a townfliip in Grafton co. N.
Hampfliire, about 11 miles S E of Dart-
mouth college. It was incorporated iu
1761, aad ka> iiai inhabitant^
En^ahn'o, Tromptur, or Falfe Cape, Is the
eafttrnnitiil land of the ifland of St. D<»-
mingo, 5^ leagues northerly of Poiiite cle
TEpcc, and 22 S E of Cape Raphael, or
Round Mouiitiiiii. N lat. 19 3, W Ion.
from Paris 71 25.
Et'g/Jh Harkiir,ona of the beft harhou r*
in the illand of Aniigua, on the S flior«, ,
a milc'S E of the mouth of Falmouth har-
bour. It is well fortified, and has a royal
navy yard and arfunal, with conveniences
for careening lliips of war. N lit. 17?
25, W Ion. 61 27 30.
EngliJL Neighbourhood, a village in Eer-
gen CO. N Jeiley, on a N E branch <u"
Hackiufack R. W of, and in the vicinity
of Fort Ixe.
Ei>gtijhtvzvn,'\i\ N. Jerfey, a fmall vill.ige
in the N vveftern part of Monmouth cO.
on tlie road from Princeton to Sh.rewC-
biiry, 21 miles i.om the former, 6 W of
MonmMith couit houfe, and iS £o£
Princeton.
Eii^lijl^ Turn. See Detour Des ^rglois-
Eiio, a river in N. Carolina, wJiich
unites wit-h Utile and Flat rivers iu
Orange co. and forms the Neus, about 1 7
miles below Hillfborough.
Eiwree, a N W branch of Broad R. in
S. -Carolina. It joins Broad R. about 5
miles below Tyger R.
Eiwjhurg, a port town in Franklin co.
Vermont, about 18 or 20 miles E of
Swanto\\rn has 143 inhabitants.
Ephrata, or Dunkard To-wn, a village in
Lancafter co. Pennfyjvania, on the N Vf
tide of Calico cr«ek, which, joining the
Conefloga, falls into the Sufquehanna. It
lies 12 miles N of the town of Lancaftes,
and upwards of 60 W of Philadelphia.
It i« tituated in a romantic and fequcflcr-
ed vale, and inhabited by a religious con>
munity called Tunlers, who are moftly of
German defcent, and believe in general
redemption. They ufe great plainnefs of
drefs and language, and will neither fwear^
nor tight, nor go to law, nor take intereQ
for the money they lend. They have
many peciJiarities ; but their innocent
manners have acquired them the name of
the harmJefs Tunkers. This fettlement
is fometimes called Tunker's Town, and
contifts of about 40 buildings ; of which 3
are pl.ices of worfhip. They fubfifl by
cultivating their lands, by attending a
printing ofHce, a grift mill, a paper mill,
an oil mill, &c. and the tifters by fpin-
ning, weaving, fewing, &c. Betide this
congregation at Ephrata, there were in
1770, 14 others of tiiit fedt in various par4*
tKl
tsc
of Pennfylvania, and fome In Maryland.
The whole, excliifivc of thofe in Mary-
land, amounted to upwards of zooo louJs.
Ej>i:rrU:s, /cs, on the S W branch ;
«f the Ottav/a river, in U. Canada ;
above the luiiijc or upper forks, be-
tween portage a la Role and portage
PareuucK, but neared to the latter : it
n nenrly hall' way trom tlie fork to lake
Kepillmg portayjc. Sw\t/j.
£j'j/)i,ij, apod r.)wn in Rockingham co.
N. Hanjpllure, taken from the M VV part
of lixtttr, and incorporated in 1741. It
contains tizr inhabitants, 6 miles N V/
wf Exeter, and 23 VV of l-'ortfmouth.
Enfjvi, apoittowninRockinghamoo. N.
Haniplliirc, lies E of Pembroke, adjoin-
ing ; 10 milc-u E of Concord, and 45 N
IW of Portlinouth. It was incorporated
ki 1717 ;in 1775 it contained ;^87,in i;yO,
799, iiiid in li^oo, 1034 inhabitants.
Eri; l'3rt, a itrong fortiiication in the
towufiup of E"rtic, U. Ci.iiaua,fttuated on
the N ihure of iako Krie, and on the W
bank of Niagara R. 27 miles S by E
of Nia^^ara Fort, and 18 above the carry-
ing piace at the Falls of Niagara. It has
a barrack for troops and a block houfe ; z,
company 01 i'o'.diers are quartered here
for the purpole of tranlporting the public
ftorcs. Lake F^rie ni'.rrowshereintothcDj-
troit flrait,vv!>ich carries the waters over
the great fails of Niagara ; theie is a gocd
harbour here fcr vellels of any fize. Fort
Erie hp.s frequer.tly fuffcrcd from the
weUerly L--''-* ^^l"'-'^ occalions the lake
fometinie.'. to rife very confiderably. The
new fc r is projected on a fmall height in
the rear of the prefent garrilbn. N lat. 4Z
J3 17, W Ion. 78 2030.
Erie, a lake of the fourth magnitude in
N. America, and thro\igh which runs the
line between the United States and Upper
Canada. D'Etroit R. on the W brings the
waters of the great lakes with which lake
Erie has a communication on the N W,
and Niagara R. on the K forms its commu-
nication with tiie waters of lake Ontario
imd the river St. Lawrence, f t is lituated
between 4^ and 4.] N lat. and between
78 48 and 8.5 W Ion. Its form is elipti-
cal. Its lenctli is about aaj miles ; and
its medium breadth about 40. ll affords
good navigation for fliipping of any bur-
den. The coall on both lides of the lake
is generally favoirrable for the paflage of
batteauxand canoes. Its banks in many
places have a flat i'andy fliore, particularly
to the eallward of the pcniniida called
jbong PoLat, whioh runs upwards of 18
miles into the lake, and being compofed of
fand, is very convenient to haul boats 01^
of the furf upon it, when the lake is too
rough for failing and rowing ; yet in fome
places, chiefly on the S fide towards both
ends of the lake, it would be dangerous to
approacii, and impollible to land, by rea-
Ion of the perpendicular height of the
rocks. Some of thel'e, (as at Cayahoga,
which are already defcribed) are magnifi-
cent beyond defcription, and muft alfo in-
Ipire dread in the boldeft breaft, when
viewed from the water. Lake Erie has
a great variety of fin« fi(h, fuch as ftur-
geun, eel, white fifti, trout, perch, &c.
Lakfs Huron and Michigan afford com-
muaicai'ion with l^keErie, by vefleU of
8 feet draught. There are portages into
t If wat«rs uf lake Eric from the Wabafli,
CrealMiaini, Miilkingum, and Alleghany,
from a to ><6 milts. 'I'he portage be-
tween the O'**') and Potowniac will be a-
bout 20 mile*, i' hen the obflrutflions in
the Moriongah*!* and diKftat rivers are
removed.
Ellens, an Indian nation, called by the
French, du Chat, or Catnation. Th.y
were extirpated by th*^ hoquni^ abou'
the year 1655. Were it *»*t for (he lake
which {fill bears the name >< that naiirni,
one would not have known thac they
ever exiftcd.
Erie, a county of Pcnnfylvania on th«
S lide of lake Erie, containing 639,400
acres, and 1468 inhabit.nts. Chief town
Erie.
Ernrjl Totvn, in the midland diftricl, in
U. Canada, is the fined townfliip above
Kingflon, flieltered from lake Ontario
by Amherft llland, which lies in its
front.
Errol, a fmall uninhabited town on
lake Umbagog, in the N. eaflernmoft fet-
tled part of Grafton co. N. Ham pfliire, in-
corporated in 1774.
Efcambia, one of the moft confiderable
rivers that fall into the bay of Penfacola,
in W. Florida, empties itfelf near the head
of the N branch, about 12 or 15 milev
from Penfacola, through feveral niarllus
and channels, which have a ni}mber of
iflands between them, that arc overflow-
ed when the w.iter is high. A flioal near
its mouth prevents vefTels, drawing more
than 5 or 6 feet, from entering ; but
there is from a to 4 fathoms of water af'
terwards. Capt Hutchins afccuded it in
a boat upwards of 80 miles, and from tlie
depth of water there, it appeared to he
navigable for pettiaugers many miles fur-
ther.
ther. It is uncertain where iti fource
h. The courfe is very winding. At the
mouth of the river on the W fide was the
town of Cambleton, fettled by French
Piotcftauts in 1 766, but was afterwards
abandoned. Tlie lands in general on
•ach fide of the river, ?.re rich, low
or fwampy, admirably adapted for the
culture of rice or corn. The great num-
ber of rivulets which fall into this river
from the high circumjacent country, may
be led over any part of the rice lands, at
any feafon of the year. The nuinorou*
iflands at t!ie mouth of the river, fume of
very confiderable extent, are not inferior
for rice to any in America. 1 he fottlc-
ments made by Meflrs.Tait and Mitchell,
capt. Johnfon, Mr. Mc Kinnon, and fome
others, are very evident proofs of tliis
afiertion ; who within two years of their
firft fettlement, had nearly cleared al! the
expenfes they had been at in makir r very
confiderable eftiblifliraents ; and would
entirely have done it in another year, had
not the Spaniards taken poffelfion of the
country.
£/iutari,a.{m!M irtand about 5 leagues
N of Louifbourg, in the ifland of Cape
Breton.
EffjHis. See Kiitrjloii, N. York.
Ef^iritu Santo, JJles del, fituated on the
S W of Providence, in the W. Indies. See
Amlros Ili^s,
Efpiritu S II ,3. bay on the W coaf*: n''
E. Florida, in -. 8 N lat. It has a gooa
harbour, 4 fav . t >- water, and fafe anchor-
age ; '.iv: 'he 1 .. t al' ; V/Out the coaft is
Tery low, an '■ c. i not be feen from a
(hip's deck ,v Iven in 7 fathom water. Sev-
eral lov/, faa ly iflands ?nd marflies, cov-
ered n"'ft- rr.xngrove buf. .>\. lie bcfo-f- the
main ! ii.-.i. Hern are iia.nenfe numbers
of fifi in the fummei- time, 1 .hich may
be caught wit! a feine, enough tr load a
fliip, (if the climate would adn; t of cur-
ing tiienl) even in a few d''ys.
Efiptimanx. See Labra-.'o: "ud New
JBritiiin.
Efnuimauxy a large br.y on the Labrador
Soafl, into which a river of the fame name
empties. It Ues in the N W part of the
gulf of St. Lawrence, ;\eai- tl»e mouth of
the ftraits of Belleifle. Efniiiiraux illands
tie acrofs its mouth.
EJfequ:bo Dijh'iil and Rl-'jcr. liflcquebo it
a diitrivfl of Dutch Guiana, in S. America,
and receives its name from the large nav-
igable river wliich waters it. See Demara-
ra and Dutch America.
EJf;:i, one of tJlj# mod populous and bsfl
Vv- I. W
cultivated counties in Maflachufetts, !•
bounded N by N. Hampfhire ; £ and 8 by
the ocean, and the town of Chelfea in Sut*
folk CO. Why Middlefex co. in length
about 38 miles, in breadth aj ; and i*
fliaped triangularly, Chelfea being the
acute point. The chief idand on its coaft,
is Plum ifland. It is fubdivided into }»
townihips, which contain 7644 houfes, and
61,196 inhabitants ; having about 135
fouls to a fquare mile. The iirftfettlement
in MafTachufetts proper was made in Sa-
lem, thf capital of the county, in i6a8, by
John Endicott, Efq. one of the original
patentees, and many ycirs governor of
the colony. It was made a lliiie in 1643,
being one of the three into which the col-
ony was firflt divided, llflox co. pays about
one fevcnth part of the fi:;tc tax, elects
fix fcnators for the govcrnmciit of tiie com-
monwealtli, and two ryprefentatives in the
Icgiflature of the United States. Its prin-
cipal towns arc Salem, Newburyport,
Gloucefler, Marblchcad, Beverly, New-
bury, and Ipfwich. In .his county arc
two flourifiiing academies, one in Byefield,
the other in Andover. The face of the
county is plealingly variegated with hills,
vales, woods, and plains. The land is gen-
erally fruitful ; but is more favourable to
barley tiian moft other parts of the fiate.
Quarriesof marbleand llmcftone are found
iiithis County ;and the feacoaft Isindented
Vvilh a number of good harbotirs. Merri-
mack R. interfeiSts the N part of Eflex co.
between it and the N. Harapfliire line is
a ftrip of land 3 mileb wide, divided into
the towns of Methuen, Haverhill, ..\Jmf-
bury and Salilbury ; containing 1429 in-
habitants.
EJfeK Co, in U. Canada, is bounded on
the E by the county of Sufhilk, on the S
by lake Erie, on the W by the river
D'Etroitto Mailbnville's mill, from thence
by a line running parallel to the river
D'Etroit and lake St. Clair, at tiie diftancii
of 4 miles, until it meets the river Thames,
and thence up the faid river, 'othe north-
weft boundary of the county of Suflblk.
It fends one reprcfentative to the provin-
cial parliament.
EJl'x Co. in Virginia, is bounded E and
N E by Rappahi.nnock R. which divide*
it from Richnumd co. It is about SS raile»
long and 13 broad, and contains 3741 fre«
inhabitants, and 5767 flavcs.
Ef.x Co. in N. Jerfey, is in the e.iflern
part of t'le ftate,and divided from Stateu
Idand by Newark bay. It is about 25
miic* tu Icv^th and 16 hi br«adth,aud ha»
<h
f-'J'
EUS
EVE
m^;^
m
ti\rtr townfliips, vi»» Newark, Elizabeth-
town and Acquackanack, which contain
22,269 inhabitants, of whom 15 21 are
/laves. The foil is very fertile, and its
Iruits and other produftions meet with a
quick falc in N. York city. ElFex co. lias
within it 7 Prelbyterian churches, 3 lor
Epifcopalians, I for Anabaptilh, and j, 'or
Dutch Calviniils.
E^i-x, a county of N. York, having
Clinton co. N, Wafliington co. S, and Lake
Camptaia, which divides it from Vermont,
E.
EJfex Co in Vermont, bounded N by
Canada, and Jiby Connedticat river, con-
taining 1429 inhabitaati.
E/J'ex. atownflup in Chittenden co. Ver-
mont, contains 729inhabitant8. It lies be-
tween Jericho on tlic S E, iiud Culchelter
on tli.i N W.
EJlapa, or fjli'f'r, a town belonging to
the province of 'I'abafco, and audience of
Mexico. It is mentioned by Dampier an
lituatrd on Taljafco R. | leagues l»eyond
Villa de Mofe. It is faii) to be a place of
confiderable trade ; and lb ftron-r, that it
rcpnil'cd capt. Hewet, when he attacked
it with 2C0 dci'peratc buccaneers.
E/hrpo, a ftrong town in New .Spain, ini>
habited by .Spaniards and native Ameri-
cans ; lituatcd at the mouth of the river
Tlahic. N lat. 1 7 .^o, W ion. 103 5,
E^iir To-!vii, in Lancafier co.-Pennfvl-
vania,litviated on the K bank of SuJijt'lian-
na R. a little N of HaniflHirg.
EtcchimUief y Indian n;^tions on the bor-
ders of Nova Scotia. See MaUcites and
Scooiiick.
Eiobr'iukc Tcwnjb'ip, in the eaft riling of
the county of York, in U. Canada, lies to
the weftward of tlie tcwnih'pof York, and
has been I'elei'Yeil for the i'ti'^lcnicnr of the
corps of Queen's Rangers after they fliall
be dilVi'.arged.
Euphafee. the ancient name of Hiwaflee
R. in Teneffee : alfo the name of ,.0 In-
dian town on its ^" W baak, 28 miles fDom
its mouth. See H:-i'al[i:c.
£ iJ!uce,or Eiif}acUT,c,.\\cA alfo Motanzw,
or Sb.ughtcr, from a butcliery '^vade on
It by the Spaniard^. !t is an inconliderable
ifland, about 20 miles in I'irciiit. It forms,
with a long point of Inn:!, the entrance to
the harbourot St. A\i!iuftino, iuE Florid.i.
£ti/ljtii 'Toiuii, in tlic illand of Euftatia
or Euftatius, ii the Caribl)ean lea in the
W. Indies N iat. 17 7,9, W Ion. 63 5.
' Ei/JIatins St. nr Eujlatia,u the cliiof ill-
and bt'Ionging to the Dutch in the W. !n-
die^; lUU(t(ed iu the Ciiribbean fua, in 1 7
49 N lat. and in fi2> 10 W I j'
leagues N W of St. Chriftophers. .., on-
ly a mountain, about 29 miles in compalu,
riling out of the lea, like a pyiamid, and
ahnoft round ; but though fo I'mall and in-
conveniently laid out by nature, the indiif-
try of the Dutch has turned it to fo good
account, that it is faid to contain 5000
whites, and 15,00c negroes. The lides of
the mountains are laid out in very pretty
fcttlements; butthuy have neither fpring»
nor rivers. 'I'he produce is chielly fugar
and tol)accf». This illand, as well as Cur-
aflbu, is engaged in theSpanifli contrabard
trade, for which, however, it i* not fo well
(ituated • and ii has drawn the lame ad-
vantage fron; its conftant neutrality. I3ut
in the laft w^ar bttwcen Great Britain and
Holland, admiral Rodney, having been
fent to reduce it witii a conltderable land
and fea force, obliged it to furrcnder at dil-
cretioii, on the 3d of February, 1781. 'i'he
private property of the inhabitants w.i*.
confifcated, witli a degree of rigor very
uncommon amony civilized nations, and
very inconfiftent with the humanity and
generofity by which the Britifli nation
ul«l to be churaffirized. "^liie reafon
alligned was, that the inhabitant.s of St.
F.urtatius had affifted France and the Unit-
ed States with naval and other llores.
'J'he Briuih merchants, as well as thofe
ot France and America, fuflered immenle
iofs by elFerts depofit^d in this illand. On
the 27th <u November, tljc fame year, it
was retaken by the French, under the
command of the marquis de Couille, who
had an ijico''i:<'erable force. The Dutch
lirft took p,>,icflion of this illand in the
year 1635,
^y(7/^u»?T, the capital of Wythe co. ii»
Virginia, is fituated on the F, fide of Reedy
creek, whioh falls into the Great Kanha-
w&v. Woods or New river. It contains ■
court hoii'.'f, gaol, and a.)out 25 houfes ;
40 miles W by S of Chriiianfburg, ^42 in
a like dtredtion from Richmond, and 51%
S "W by W of i'liiladelphia.
Evit-et's 5;v4"''i Manfemond co. Virginia.
Here isa pod oliice, 266 miles from Waflk-
iugton.
Evtjhctm, a townflilp in Burliugton co.
N Jerfcj , fituateil between the forks of
Moore's creek, which runs N weflerly to
P'.laware R. It is 7 miles eafterly iS
Iladdonficld, 16 E of Philadelphia, :uid -,
S i-f Burli.i^ton. Here is an Indian fettie-
mcnt, called Kd);e Piitick, a tradlof hnid
referved by tlv arici<.'nt natives. 'l''hey
have fuiue huadred» ot a«;rc« uf improvtd
lands, about
lioufe. They
their own ord
the Indian lai
Exi'fft, a po
N. Ha'npfliiri
the moft conl
ftate. It is fiti
tion on Swami
of the Pifcata<
mouth, a4)d a I
hiiryport, in E
tide riles here
for a manufatft
a duck mantif
mills, a fuUinj!
mill, limlTmil
mills, iron wr
The I'addlery
to greater ext
this iiile Phil;
olution, ihip
bufmefs ; and
in the W. Indi
the Iofs of this
vcflels of differ
nually; the riv
down thole of
bcr is alio emp
chifcflv to tiie
of thi . place bi
lation. The p
gational chur
propriated f(
and capaciou;
^''lle public
I .erf. at prel
Exe'eracadein
fchool, and 6 1
for females.
This townflii
about 4 mile.i
in 163s ; pric
of Swamfcot
river, which
tide water
is fituated ; ci
the river. T
177J, was 1:
I'es .50 miles
Philadelaliia.
« Phillips i;x(
and endowed
I.J-.D.of Exe
of AiTcmbly i
able and uicf
fped>ion of a 1
mediate gove
preceptor ani
of £-15,000,.
!BXE
FAT
lands, about 30 houfcs, and a meeting
lioufe. They forme -ly had a minifter of
tlieir own order, who ftatedly oiliciated in
die Indian language.
Exeter, a poft town in Rockingham ro.
N. Ha'dpfliire, and, next to Portlmouth,
the mod confiderahlc feaport town in the
Hate. It is (ttuated at the head of naviga-
tion on Swanifcot, or Exeter R. a branch
of the Pifcataqua, 15 miles S W of I'ortf-
mouth, and a like diftance N W of New-
liuryp'irt, in Effex co. Maflachufetts. The
tide riles here n feet. It is well lltiiated
for a maBiifa<5luring town, antl lias already
a duck manufatEVory in its infancy, 6 fkw
mills, a fnlling mill, flitting mill, paper
mill, fnulFmill, 2 chocolate and 10 grifc |
mills, iron works, and % printing olHces. '
The I'addlery bufinefs is carried on here
to greater extent, than iii any town on
tikis fule Philadelphia. Before the rev- 1
olntion, llnp building was a profitable 1;
bnfmefs ; and the veffels were employed ;
in the W. India trade. Notwithl'landinif
o ■
the loft of this market, there are 4 or 5 ■■
veflels of different burden, built here an-
nually; the river being Capable of floating 1
down thofe of .500 tons. An eijual nuia- |
bcr is alio employed in the foreign trade, j
rhieflv to tiie W. Ind':;s. The fitiiation '
of till . place bids fair for cxtenllve popt^-
lation. The public euifict's are a congre-
gational churches, an elegant building ap-
propriated for the academy, a Iruidibme
and capacious court houfe, and a gcul.
Tlie public offices of the ftate are kept
here at prefent. Befide the celebrated
Exe'er academy, there are here an Englifi
fchool, and 6 or 8 private Ichuols, chiefly
for females. It contains 1717 inhabitants.
This townfliip is rf irregular lijnre, and
about 4 miles fijuare. U was irrCci.-porated
in 16,35 ; prior to which, it had the name
of Swamfcot Falls, from the falls of the
river, which feparate the i'reili from the
tide water ; where the biKly of the town
is fituated ; rhieily on the veftern lide of
the river. The number of inhabitants in
177J, was 1741 ;and in 1790,^722. It
I'es so miles N of Bofton, and 402 N E of
Philadelphia. N lat. 42 .59, W Ion. 71.
" Phillips Exeter Academy" was founded
and endowed by the hon. John Phillips,
I, J..D. of Exeter, and incorporated by aCt
of AiTcmbly in 1 781. It is a very r^fpeiit-
able and ui'eful inftitution, under the in-
fpeiftiou of a board of truftees, and the im-
mediate government and inftruiftion of a
preceptor and an affiflant. It has a fund
of £-15,000, a part of^which is in lands not
yet produtTUve. The prefent annual In-
come is £.480. It has commonly between
60 and 80 ftudents. In 1794, a building
was ereiftod, 76 by ,<6 feet, 2 ftones high ;
which, ir. point of convenience, and per-
haps elegance, is exceeded by few build-
ings of the I.ind in the United States.
Excirr, the N wcflernmofl townfliip in
Walhingtou co. Rhode llland ftate, has
Nortli Kingfton on the E, and \'oluntown,
in Conne«5licut, on the W. TIib feveral
branches of Wood P^. unite here, and take
a S courfe between Hopkinton ;uid Rich-
mond. It contains 2476 inhabitants, of
whom 24 arc flaves.
Exctijr, a cownlliip in Luzern co. Penn-
fylvania, has 737 inhabitants.
Rxj.-r, a town in Ncvr Hanover co. in
Wilmington diftriiSt, N. Carolina ; fitualid
en the N E branch of Cape Fear, about
.''6 miles N from Wilmington, and 2Z from
the New rivet.
Exiima IJk, on€ of the Bahama ifles, fit-
uated on tl'.el^ of the Great Bank, between
Stocking illes 0:1 the S W, and Long Ifle
on the E. It is now uninhabited, except-
ing two families, yet is one of the heft of
tlie Bahamas, not only for its fertility,
but for the excellence of its anchoring
ground, in the found to vvhich it gives
name ; where all the Britiih navy could
ride in fafety. Nlat. 24 30, W Ion. -74 t,o.
Exuma Sound, lies E ol' the Great Baha-
ma Bank, between it and the ille of Gua-
nahani. N lat. 24, W Ion. 75.
-L ABIANE, a river in Louifiana, which
runs S eaftward into the Miffifippi, in N
lat. .■39 ,30 ; 16 miles above Jaftioni R. and
50 below the Iowa town and rapids.
Pi^blus, one of the military towiilbips in
Onondago co. N. York. Here is a poft
office, 477 miles from Wailiington. It has
844 inhabitants.
Fairfiix Co.'xw Virginia, is about 25 miles
long, and 1 8 broad ; on the W bank of
Potowmack river. It contains 7239 free
inhabitants, and 6078 flaves. Chief t.o\rn
Alexandria. At the court houie is a pcft
I otfice, 14 miles from Wafliington.
Fairfax, a poft town in Franklin co.
Verniunt, E of Georgia, and en the bank
of La Moille R. and contains 786 inhabit-
i-nts : and \i about 9 miles from lake
Champlain.
Fairjield, a townfliip in Kennebcck co.
Maine, on the t> is. Lank of Kem.obeck R.
Sof
' .4':-^'
FAI
8 of Canaan, and oppodte Hancock ; a-
bout 17 mfles from Pittftown, and 7 from
Fort Halifax. It contains 854 inhabitants,
and is aaj miles N E of Bofton.
Fairfieldt a new townfliip in Herkemer
CO. N. York. It has 4065 inhabitants.
Fairfield., a port town in Franklin co.
Vermont, E of St. Albans ; and contains
9x1 inhabitants. It is 13 miles S of the
Canada line, and as far from the neareft
part of lake Champiain.
Fairfield, a towndiip in Wafliington co.
N. York, containing 591 inhabitants.
Fairfield, a townfliip in Cumberland co.
N. Jerfey, on Cohanzy creek, and at the
hea.! y: Black creek ; aj miles E by S of
Salem, in Salem co.
Fairfeld, a co. of the State nf Ohio.
Fairfeld Co. in Coime<Sicut,is the S wefl-
ernmoft in the fhite ; bounded W by the
ftate of N. York, E by N. Haven co. N by
LitcLfidd, and S by Long I. found. Its
fli.-ips; is very irregular. It is divided into
I J townfliips, of which Fairfield and Dan-
bury are the chief ; and contains 38,208
inhabitants, including 476 (laves. It is
feparated from New Haven co. and part
of Litchfield co. by Stratford R. Tlie
other patts of the county are watered by
fmall ftream.s, as Saugatuck, Safco, Pega-
nook, Five Mile, Rodens, Mill, and May-
amus rivers. Several harbours, and a
number of fmall ifles lie along the found,in
the towns of Greenwich, Stamford, Nor.,
■walk, Fairfield, and Stratford. The face of
the county is rough, but the foil is good .
Fairfeld, the Unquoiua of the Indians,
a port town and port of entry -of Ccnnec-
ticut, and capital of the above county, is
pleafantly fituated on Mill Run, a httlc
above its entrance into Long I. found, aa
miles S W by W of New Haven, and 64
from N. York. It contains about aoo
houfes and 37,^5 inhabitants, a neat Con-
;grp^';itional church, and a court houi'e.
Abt)iit 4 miles N W of the center of the
town, and in the townfliip is the beau-
tiful parifli of Green ivich, in which is a
jlouiiihing academy. A high cmineuce
in the centre of the parifh commands a
delightful profpctl. Fairfield was leitkd
from Weathdhfienlin 1639, and in i^.i'^,
contained 400 families. It was burnt by
a party of torie*. and BririiTi, under tiie
command of gov. Tryon, in 177; ; tlie
lofs luflained, amounted to upwards of
^.40,000. Fairfield carries on a coniid-
erablc trade to the W. Indies. The ex-
ports for one ye.ir ending Sept. Xf th, 1794,
amounted to '7 7,425 dolbrs.
Fairfeld, a townfliip in Wcfbnjr*<ind
FAX
c*. ^ennfylTania, has 1363 inhabitant*.
Fairfeld, a diftridl of S. Carolina, be-
tween Waterce R. which divides it front
Lancafter co. and Broad R. which fepa-
rates it from Newbury and Union diftridti.
Its chief town is Winnfborough.
Fairbaven, in Bridol co. Maffachufetts,
lies on the N W fide of Buzzard's bay,
and on the caftem fide of Accuflinet river,
oppofite to Bedford; which, fee.
Fairbaven, a confiderable poll town in
Rutland ca. Vermont, N W of Poultney.
It contains 411 inhabitants, and is ji mileq
N of Bennington.
Fairlee, a towndiip in Orange co. Ver-
mont, on the W bank of ConnedHcut R.
16 miles NofDartmoutK College. The
townfliip is hilly, but of a good foil, and
has feveral glades of excellent land. In
1 796 this townfliip was divided into two,
the cafiernmoft half called E. Fairlee, the
other W. Fairlee; the former of which con-
tains 435 inhabitants, and the latter 371.
Fair Weather, Cape, on the N W coaft of
N. America,in lat. 58 36 N.Ion. X40 31 W.
Fair Wentber, Cape, on the E coaft of
Patagonia, in S. America, b'es northerly
from Cape Virgin Mary. Slat, j I 45, W
Ion. from Greenwich 68 10.
Falkland If es, lie at no great diftance
from the ftraits of Magellan, at the utmoft
extremity of S. America ; between 50
and 56 W Ion. and 51 and 53 S lat.
Thefe iflands were difcovercdby Sir Rich-
ard Hawkins, in 1504 ; the chief of the
\wo iflands he named Hatviim Maiderdcnd,^
in honor of Queen Elizabeth. The foil
of thefe iflands is bad, and the fliores are
beaten by perpetual ftorms. A Britifli
fettlement was made here, of which they
were difpofleflcd by the Spaniards, in
1770, foon after it had been eftabliflied.
The Spaniards now fend criminals ' to
thefe inhorpit.nble fliores from llitir lilllu-
j\ients in America.
Fall R. u an inconfulerable ftienm, ril-
ing in Watuper Pond, in RIkmIi? Illniid,
and after a fluirt N VV courle, empties in-
to 'I'aunton K.
Fidl river, A town in llilflol rn. MidVa-
chufctt5,Uuethefoutherlypartofliectown,
incorporated 1803, 50 miles S of Boflon.
/".///j, a townfliip -a bucks co. Pennfyl-
vani?., has 1680 inhabitants.
FulLn City, or Old Jenfalem, a range of
rocks among the Virgin Illes, in the \V In-
.lics, S \V of Virgin Gorda, N lat. i8 lo,
\V Ion. 6a 53.
FaHitig Sprirg, a branch of James R. in
Virginia, where it is called Jackfon's H.
tiling in the mountain, xo miles S W of
tke
the Warm Sp
the rock aoo :
higher than th
the fheet of \
plan may wal
Faltnnuth, a
ing Portland,
c^yntaining 34;
cd on Cafco bi
ton. Incorpn
Falmouth, a t
Scotia ; fituai
Bafin of Mina!
N W of HaUfi
Falmouth, a I
(table CO. Ma
N E part of th
W fide of the
S E by S of E
and 9 from H
veffels are owr
each, fix of w
reft coaflers ; 1
lew the bufin(
the fouthern fl
It was incorpo
l%iz inhabitar
3 J. It is a pof
Falmouth, a
Virginia, fituai
pahannock riv(
erickfburg. It
contains an £
bout 40 comp
SWofDumfrii
and ao7 S
Confiderable q
fpetEted ho;*e.
Falmoi'th, a t(
fylvania, on
creek, ao mile;
Falmouth, a t
fhoro of the ifl
bnlies. It his
Hud Rendezv(
atcd in fit. Vm
lli^rttr Ihelidil
Falmouth, in
W. Indies, com
on the "i lide
and including
Martha Brae a
houfes. Here
ain, exclufu'c
Fa'fe Cape U
Terra del Fucjj
FalfngiOn, a
Bucks CO. a8 m
Famine Port,
£ coaft of the
TAU
Ihe Warm Spring. The watrr falls orer
the rock aoo feet, which is about 50 feet
higlier than the fall of Niagara. Between
the flieet of water and the rock below, a
man may walk acrofs drj'.
Falmouth, a townfiiip, formerly includ-
ing Portland, in Cumberland co. Maine,
Cv/Utaining 344a inhabitants. It is fituat-
cd on Cafco bay, lao miles N N E of Jiof-
ton. Incorporated in 1718.
Falmouth, a townfliip in Hants co. Nova
Scotia ; fituated on the S £ fide of the
Bafin of Minas,opr)oritc Windfor, aS miles
N W of Halifax. *
Falmouth, a maritime poft town in E.irn-
ftable CO. MaflTachufetts, fituiited on the
N E part of the Vineyard found, on the
W fide of the bay of its name ; 77 miles
S E by S of Bofto.i, 18 from Sandwich,
and 9 from Holmes' Hole. About fixty
veffels are owned here, averaging 55 tons
each, fix of which are fifliing vcflels, the
reft coafters ; upwards of 30 of them fol-
low the bufinefs of carrying lumber to
the fouthern ftatcs and W. India Iflands.
Jt was incorporated in i686, and contains
ySSa inhabitants. N lat. 41 33, W Ion. 70
35. It is a port town.
Falmouth, a poll to>'.'n in Stafford co.
Virginia, fituated on the N bank of Rap-
pahannock river, neiirly oppofite to Fred-
ericklburg. It is irregularly built, and
coutaius an Epifcopalian church and a-
bout 40 compadk houfes. It is 23 miles
f> W of Dumfries, 70 N by E of Richmond,
and 207 S wefterJy of Philadelphia.
Confiderable quantities of tobacco are ir;-
fpedtcd here.
Falmouth, a town in Lancafter co. Pcnn-
fylvania, on the .S E fide of Conawago
creek, -ao miles wefterly of I^ancafter.
Falmouth, a town and harbour on the S
fhore of the ifland of /intigua, in the W.
Iiulien. It h.i8 Englifli 1; iiboiir (Ml llic E,
and Rendexiviius bay on the W ; and fitu-
ated in I'H. I'niirB parifii, at the N W cor-
ner hI I he lull hour, which ia well fortified.
Falmouth, in the illand of Jamaica, in the
W. Indies, commonly called the Point, is
on the S fide of Martha Brao harbour ;
and including the adjoining villages of
Marfha Brae and tlie Rork, has about 220
houl'cs. Here 30 rtiijxi load for C Brit-
ain, excUifive ot lloops and finaller craft.
Fat/e Cape Horn, the S weftern point of
Terra del Fuego.
Fatjingtoii, a village in Pennfylvania, in
Bucks CO. a8 miles N E of Philadelphia.
Famine Port, a fortrefs feated on the N
1^ coaft of the Araiu of Magellan, i« S.
TAR
America. Here a Rpanlfii gsrrifon»per-
i filed for want; fince which time it hai
been ncgledled. S lat. $^ 44, W Ion. 70 ao.
Famiet,?! townlhip in Franklin co. Penn-
fylvania, has 1036 inhabitants.
Fngitkr Co. in Virginia, is boiinc'.ed N by
Loudon, and E by Prince William. It i»
about ^s miles long, and 20 broad, and
contains i'i,57S free inhabitants, and 8751
flaves. At faquicr court houfe is a poll
ofTice, 51 miies from Wafiiington.
FarfveU, Ccpr, the S point of W. Crccn»
land, on the N fide ot' the entrance of
Davis's ftraits, N. America. N lat. 59 37,
W long. 42 43.
Farm'n^frn, a very flourlflTing tnwnfliip
of excellent land, in Kennebeck co. Maine,
on Sandy R. which, in the S E part of the
town, has falls, which aftbrd excellent mill
feats. Here are faw mills, a carding ma-
chine, grift mill, and fulling mill, already
ercd>ed. There is a >4ethodift place of
worfliip ; 3.5 miles N W of Halhnvell, 35
fame courfe from Augufta, and 204 N N
E of Bofton. Number of inliabitants, 942.
A very few years fince this towuflup wai
a wlldernefs. It has ? pofl oflice.
F.irmington, a hirge, plcafaut, and wealthy
port town in Hartford co. ConnccVicut, 10
miles S W of Hartford city, 3a N E of N.
Haven, and 2* E of Litchfield. Farming-
ton river, a water of Connecticut, mean-
ders delightfully through charming inter-
vals, which beautify and enrich thii. town.
The houfes, in the compad't ppit of this
town, ftand chiefly on a iirect wiiich rur.»
N and S along the gentle declivity of a
hill, which afcends E of the intervals ;
about the centre ofjhe ftrcef fiands ?. Ir.rge
and handfome Congregational cluirch.
This town was fettled as early as 1645, and
its limits then were very extenfive. .Sev-
eral towns have been fince taken from it.
It has 2809 inhabitants.
Farmitigton, a river of Conncifl:icnt,which
rifes in MafTachiifetts, and runs S eafierly
through Hartland, Bark Hampftead, and
New Hartford. In the borders of Hart-
ford CO. it receives a weftcrn branch, which
rifes from feveral ponds in Colebrook,
continuing this courfe to Farmington,
where meeting mountains, it turns north-
erly to fcarch a pafiage to the Conncdti-
cut. After running 15 miles, it meets
Salmon river, when united they rufh
through the mountain, and down a catar-
adl of 150 feet, after which it is called
Windfor river, and in a S E courfe mingles
with Conne<fticut river, 4 miles above
Hartford.
FAT
FED
I i Ml!
TarmvlUe, a rmnll port town in Prince
Edwinl CO. Virginia, lituiiteJ on Apiio-
m it'ix R 8 miles N of tl\c court fmulc, IX
S W of Richmoiid, and iio from Wiifli-
iiijjt'ni. The river i» bontable from tliis
to i'eterfbiir^li.
F.i>;iljii)hy a p.)fl towii ill Uii:tjmoniI ro.
Virjjiiii^, H'Tc i» a \)\i\\ oJii'e ijy mile*
fro.n WiiniingU'tj.
FuvQurihli- Lidc, in N Lit. .<i 43, M' Ion.
9.t 10, is tltc fource of two \^xgc river*, at
the Tio'.ith of one of \v!:ich, cmntying info
Wini;ipei!;laK'e,l>.in'U the Cana.liau hoiife.
The otiier is the ii \V branch of Severn
river.
/"/Ti//;, a towafliip in York co. Pcnr.fyl-
THnia, on the W bank of Sufnuehann;! H.
en the Maryland hne, has iai4 inhabit-
ants.
Fiivfftf, a fettlcm'nt in Tioga-ro. N. York,
between the ITnadilla and the main hrancli
rf the Chenengo. It is laid ont into 100
lots of a fqiiare mile each, as nearly as the
gronnd will permit.
Fiiyrite Co. in Fennfy!vania, is bounded
N by Weftmoroland, i^ by part <»f Mary-
l:ind and Virginia, and W l)y Munongahela
R. It is y) miles in length, and 19 in
breadth, and contains 47;,,2}^o acres ; di-
vided into 17 townfliips, of which Union
19 the chief. The number of inhabitants
is 20,159.
FiiyMe, a dlftricl of N.Caro'in?, compre-
hending 6 counties, viz. Moore, Cumhor-
l.and, Sampfon, Rich'.'ioud, Kobcfon. and
Anfon. It is bounded N by Hililborough,
S E by Wilmington and Newbern, W by
SalilJury, and .S by the (Ute of ti. Carolina.
It is I JO miles in length, and 50 in breadth,
and contains 41,358 inhabitants, of whom
8206 are flavcs. The fnrface is varied
with hills and dales, and is in general well
watered.
Fayette, a county of Kentucky, 24 miles
long, 20 broad, bounded N by Scott coun-
ty, N K by Bourbon, E by Clark, S by
Madifon and Jeflarainc, and W by Wood-
ford. It lies on a height of land, the
ftreams running from it in e\'cry direc-
tion ; the foil is excellent. It contains
12,2^3 inhabitants, of whom 3786 are in
Havcry. Chief town, Lexington.
Fjyettev:lle, lb called in honor of the
Marquis La Fayette ; a douriiliing port
town of N, Carolina, the feat of juftice for
the above diflridb, and pleafantly fituated
in Cumberland co. on the W fide of the
N W branch of Cape Fear R. nearly at
the head of navigation, and 100 miles
sbove Wilmington, and 61 foutherly of
Raleigh. On the banfc of the riVer, ft;<n4
a few buildings and the tobacco warc-
houl'es, v.'hich have received in one fcaibii
6000 hhtis. of tobacco, ('(jiial in quality to
that »i Peterlburg. The compact part of
the toivn 'm Ikuated aluiut a mile from the
river, near tlve jiiutftion of Blount'h and
C'ofs creek; en which laft it is chielly
cret'led, and from that circumftauce wa«
formerly n-nned Crofs Creek. On both
ftdi's the creek are about 4C0 houfes, a
handlomc edifices for the fupreme, dif-
tris.'.f, antl c«)unty courts, and the meeting*
of tiie to\vn «)fficers and its citizens. 1 he
F;ee Ma'on's lodge is alfo a large and
handfome building. The town is regu-
ularly laid out, ixiid its principal (trcets are
100 feet wide. Here are 3 mills, 2 con-
lidoraMe diftilleriea and breweries, and
ffvei id extenfive tanyards. The trade ti»
W ilmington is very conliderable, to which
it lends down tobacco, wheat, flour, beef,
pork, riaxfccd, hemp, cotton, butter, lum-
ber, flavcs, naval llores, &c. The boatt
ufed in tranfporting thefe articles to Wil-
mington, contain about 120 barrels, and
make tiieir returns of European and India
goods, &c. in fr<mi 10 to ao days. The
lituiition of the town is agret-aljle and
healthy, and well adapted for cftablifliing
manufaiflories. The country immediate-
ly round the town is coafiderably elevat-
ed, and the foil dry and barren ; but near
the water courfes, which are numerous,
the foil is as rich as any in the flate. Since
tlie (ire ill 179a, which deflroyed many
houfes, the people begin to build with
brick, which arc made here of a good
quality, and fold rtafonably. The towrt
ftands in a fettleinent of .Scotch Highland-
ers, and is S5 miles N W of Camden in S.
Carolina, 100 S W of Tarborough, 147 S
WbyS of Haiifa*,379 S by W of Wafliing-
ton city,and 526 S W byS of Philadelphia.
It has a poft office, and 1656 inhabitants.
Fayftte, a town in Kenncbcck co. Maine,
bounded wcftcrly by Livermore, eafterly
by Mount Vernon, Wayne, and a largQ
pond called Great Amerelkoggen pond,
it has 532 inhabitants.
Fayjloivn, a townlliip in Chittenden cq,
Vermont, has 18 inhabitants.
Ftar Point, Cape, at the month of Capo
Fear R. in N. Carolina, 4 miles S S E ot
the light houfe on Bald Head.
FfJeral City, See JVaJhiiigtuii City.
Fedcraljhurg, a village in Maryland, on
the E fide of Chefapeak bay, fituated on
Mariliy Hope creek, partly in Dorchefter
and partly in Caroline co. 5 miles E N E
of
TTLIL
•f Hunting Creek town, and a(>out 20 N
£ of Cambridge.
Fe d'Aiitiodiia, Saiilit, the moft nortlierii
town of Popayan, a dillridkof Terra l-ir-
nia. It is lituated 2C'-o inik>» N of Fopaynn
rity, near the confines of the province of
Carthagena, on the b:tnk» of St Martha
K. and near 180 milcii S of it* conflux with
the Mugdalena. 'i'l>itJi.>r the iniir.bitHnis
leinovecl from Antiochia, 15 IcKgui-s from
it, now an inconliderable pLce, wherean
Santa Fe d'Antiochia isa conliderable place
«nd capital of the audience of Kanta I'e.
Ff tin Biiguta, Santa, the capital of New
Grenada, S. America, fituated on the
banks of the little river Pati, a water of
the Magdalena ; is 180 -nilts M of the bot-
tom of Bonaventiira bay. it is an arch-
birtiop'i fee, and the feat ort an unlvciTity
founded by kinc; Philip III. in r6io. Near
this city arc gold mines. The air is tem-
perate and healthful, and provilions plen-
ty S lat. 4 10, W Km. 74 5,
Fe, or Foy, Saitta, a place in the middle
•f Veragua, a province in the audience of
Guatiiuala.in N.America, where the king
rf Spain keeps officer* for cafling and re-
fining gold. It fiaiids at the t'ource of a
river which runs into the North Sea.
Fi, Santa, the capital of New Mexico.
It is (ituated near the fource of Rio dd
Nort, 130 leagues fron» its mouth, in the
gulf of Mexico. It is faid to be a rich
and regularly built city, and a bitliop's
fee. Baudrand makes it 9 kagues from
the river. It Is alfo called Santa Fe de
Grenada ; by others New Mexico. N lat.
36, W Ion. 104.
Fe, Simla, a city of Paraguay, S. America,
150 leagues S by W of the city of Aflumj>-
tion. The inhabitants are cliicfly em-
ployed in hufbandry, grazing, and weav-
ing cloth. They fell their produtT^ions
and manufatflures to gOi)d profit in Urazil.
From hence is a road to Potoli in Peru,
and to Corbuda in Tucumana ; w'lich
I)eing eafy and convenient, is very advan-
tageous to this place. The di (lance not
being above 350 leagues. It fbuds on the
W fide of Paraguay R. S lat. 30 45, W
Ion. 60 40.
Felipe, T Sunt Va^o, a large bay on the
N fide of the ifland of Ffpir: tu Santo. See
Tierra AiiJlralJel EfpiiHu Santo,
Felix, St. an ifland in the Pacific ocean,
N N W of Juan Fernandes, aiid due W of
Copiapo, in S. America. S lat. 26, W Ion.
from Paris 83.
Feir; Point. See Baltimnre.
Jbrt Pauit an, ua tlic W coaft of lake
r I «
Champlain, lies in Clinton c». nenrly |
i miles S of the divilioii liiie between N.
; York and 1.. Canada, ;<iid 2.7 miles S of
I St. John's. 'I'lu; Hritifli occupied a bar-
I rack here, furniflierl with one Held piece,
I a few nien, and a fubaltcrn olliicr. It Jiai
I been given up a.-cording to treaty.
; FrrihihiiiJ Narniikii, an illand on the coj'ft
I of lira/Jl, S. America, in S lat. 3 j6, Vf
j Ion. 32 4.V
FeriKiiihu^h, a townfliip in Mifflin c©.
' Pcnnl'yivania. It has 1505 inhabitants.
I Fen-ijliiygh, a townlliip in Addil'on co.
i Vermont, oi» lake Champlniu. It cun-
I tains 9.?fi iuhabilaiits. Otter creek, l.ittlt
j Otter uiid Lewis's creeks f.'i'l into ll. " lake
here.
JuJLrs F.llio-.r, a bend of Wood civ k,
between the outlet of South bay and 1 e
)nouth of the creek, at the northern tii.t
oi la1:e CluiTiplain, opiMjIire the mouth of
l"a(t bay. The month oi Wood cretkiiei
ill N lat. 43 3i, Wlon. 73 1.5 12.
Fi;:iJ.t!n\t JJhnd, called by the FiencU
Crofe Ijie a X Dindet, lies about 4 miles lie-
lowl)ctrc)t ; it is valuable for palluro, but
has very little wood; tlie Indian-i in tii*
lum.mer mal.e it a place of cncampnieiu,
and fome of them plant a little ix^rii ;
there is no other improvement on it. ( -u
the uppcrmcft end of tiie ifland are velt-
jgcs of entrenchments, from behind the
bteaft works of which, the Indians annoy-
ed the Biitilli fln'pping, as they pafi'ed,
lhc)rtly after the reduiitiun of Detroit
S»i \'th.
Figtree Bay, lies on the S W tide of tlie
ifland of St.'Chrifldphei's, in the W. In-
dies, at the head of which Hands Sandy
Fort town. 'I'he bay is fccured by a fort
on each fide.
FinnijVe, a poft town in Virginia, anil-
capital uf I5outetourt co. lituated on the
E tide of Catabaw creek, a liuall ftreai*
which falls into James R. on the W fid*
of the North Mountain. Here are about
50 honfc'i, a coiirt houfe and gaol. It con-
tains 426 free inhabitants, and 276 blacks,
and lies on the poft road from Richmond
to Kentucky, 36 indcs ealterly of Lexing-
ton, and ly. Wby N of Richmond.
Finch TnvVjVtp, in the county of Slor-
niont, in U. Canada, lies in tlie rear, aud-
io the W of Olhabruck.
Fit.'iley, A townfliip in Wafhington c».
Pennsylvania, has 869 inhabitants.
Fiieplnce, Suffolk CO. N. York. Here ig
;i poft office, 295 miles from Wafliington.
F-Jhcrsjietd, a townfliip in Hilin)oiougl»
CO. N. t^mpilure, incorporated in 1763,
•ontaiein£
^ ' ^
f m
Tir
FLA
Im!
<!onta!nfn;;5a6inhuhii M\ts. Siinapeepoiitl
lifit partly here, anil la the tuwiiAiii) t)f
Weiulcl. It if I'bout l6 milci calkcrly of
L'liarledown.
Fijhi-ri IjlinU iii Long Ifland found, lie*
Oppolite to Orototi in Con cifliciit, is
about 10 milc!> in Icngtli and i in breadth,
liaviiig a good foil, i.ivourable for raifin;;
fliecp. It produces alfo wheat and othi-r
grain. It iit antu-xcd to the tmvnfliip of
iSouthhold, in .'iiiFolk ro. on i^ag IP.and.
J'ijhiiifr Biiy, in M.iryland, lies on tlic E
fide of Chrfapeak bay, partly in Dorchcf-
tsr and Jr'omcrfct counties. It receiven
Icveral rivcru from each countv, the cliicf
ofwliich are Wicomico, Naiiticolic: ; alio
Tranfqnakiiig and Ulackwatcr creeks.
The entrance into this !arj;e bay lies be-
iwccn Oold{bt>rou2h and Dtvil's iflands,
FJuiiijr Bay, on tlic S fide of lake Onta-
rio, i<( about ,'}7 noics K of lort Niagara.
P'filiii^ Cr^.-i- :. Unvnfliip on Sultiuehan-
n:i R. in I'ciinfylvauia. Sec Nuiihumbtr'
lunJ Co.
Fifukill, :» pnfl town in Dutchcfs co. N.
Yoric, j miles \l olHudron R. on Fiflikill,
at the foot of the Hij;hlands, which riic
S of it ; containing about 30 houfcs, a
church for f-ijifcopalian:!, and one for
Low Dutch, 'i'he townlhip is very cx-
tcnlive, and contains 6 churches, 3 for
the reformed Dutch, i for Prefbytcrians,
I for Uaptilli, i for Methodilts, and
))as 6168 inhabitants, of whom 5Z4 are
Jiavcs. It lies 14 miles S by E of Pough-
Iteepficoppofite Ncwburgh, and 66 N of
N. York. city. There arc a few houfes
only at the Landing, ou the margin of
the river.
FIJbklU Landing, is part of the above
town, on the river, where is a pofl office.
I'ijb Kill, or Creek, on which the town
above delcribcd (lands, and from which
it derives its name, is fmall, and empties
into Hudfon R. about a mile below the
Landing, and nearly oppolitc New Wlnd-
for. Alfo, the name of a fmall dream
which runs S W into Oneida lake. Like-
wife, a Aream which rifes from Saratoga
lake, and runs 6 miles eaflerly to the
Hudfon. Its mouth is oppofite Batten
.Icill, z miles above Saratoga town ; and
on the N fide of which Gen. Burgoyne's
army laid down their arms as prifoners.
FitMiurgb, a pod town of MaiTachufetts,
Worcefter co. 45 miles N of Worcefter,
and 50 N W of Bodon. It has 1390 in-
habitants.
FiUiuilliam, a townfliip in Chefliire co.
V. Hamplhirc, about id milet £ of Con-
r licitt R. and fcparated front Royalf
ton in Woricfter co. Maflachufetts, by
tite flatc line. It was incorporated in
X77.I1 •'"'I contains i Z40 inhabitants.
Fint Fort, is fitiiatcd 185 niilcii W S W
of Winnipeg lake. N lat. 49 41, W Ion.
102.
Flamliorougl), a faAory of the HudAin
b.^y company, on the S wtderu fide of
iludfoa bay.
Fliimhijrougb Toioiijhl/>,\a U. Canada, dir<
tinguillicd by Ka(t a:nd Wcfl Flambor-
ough, in the wefl riding of the county of
York, lies W of the MiOafaga lands, and
fronts Dundas (trect.
FtiitLiiJb, the chief town of King's co.
Long I. N. York. It is a pleafant and
hcaltiiy town, j miles S by £ from N.
York city. It contains a number of
dwellijig houfes, mofily in one ftreet ;
many of which are elegant and commo-
dious. I'hc inhabitants are chiefly of
Dutch cxtradtion. It contains 946 in-
habitants, of vi'hum 341 arc (laves. The
produtflions uic various kinds of fruit,
vegetables, grain, &c. which (ind a ready
market in the metropolis. The land lie*
lo<v; and in fummer the whole townHiip
app'?ar8 like an cxtenfive garden. The
public buildings are a Dutch church, a
court houfe, and an academy, called Eral"
mus Hall, the mod (lourifhing of all the
academies in the (late. It is in a pleafant
and healthful fituation, 4 miles front
Brookline ferry. A bloody battle Ava»
fought near this town on the a7th of Au-
gu(i, 1776, when the Americans weie de-
feated by the Britifli with great lofs.
The remains of the American army re-
treated to N. York, under the cover of a
thick fog, which rofe in a very uncom-
mon and providential manner, and waa
the means of laving the American army.
Flat IJlands, in U. Canada, lie to the W
of the Manitou iflands, and open to the
(Iraits of Michilimackinac, upon lake
Huron. Smytb.
FlattanJs, a fmall townfliip in King's co.
Long I. diftant from N. York city 6 or 7
miles. It contains 4^3 inhabitants, of
whom 128 are (laves.
Flat XoU, is an cxpanfive, clear, flat
rock, but a little above the iurfacc of the
ground, and near the banks of a delight-
ful rivulet of excellent water, which is
one of the head branches of Great Ogee-
chee R. in Georgia. This is a common
rendezvous or camping place for traders
and Indians.
Flatttry, Cajie, fo named by Capt, Cook,
OS
flat
•n account nf iti promifln;T at a diftance
whatU denied on a ncdtvr approach. I.at.
48 15. Ion. t.i.f .^oE. 'i'liUcape.Capt. In-
^rahnin of Bofkont found to In- tlic S lidc of
the entrance nf the flraits of Juan dc l''uca.
N lat. 4K 35, W Ion. 11.) jz. Ste J''ui.i.
F/emiii(r, a county of Kentucky, bouail-
cd N l»y MafoHiS E by Virginia, S W and
W liy Montgomery. It h muuntainou!*,
And watered by fever.tl ftrcams which fall
into bandy and Liclcini^ rivers It con-
tains 4893 inhabitants, 240 arc flavet.
Fttmingjiurgh, the chief town of Flem-
ing CO. Kentucky, containin<; 123 peoj)le.
Hu 1 c i» a xift office.
FUmifi'i a fmall port t(»\vn nf N. Jer-
fry, in ilti lun co. lii h about 6 miles
N eaftwa' .\mwell on Delaware R.
a.3 N N \. ■■ Trcnton09 S of Pitlftown,
and 53 N K by N of Philadelphia. It
contains about a dozen coinpidlc houfeit,
and has a poft office.
Fielder, Vi townfhip in Franklin co. Ver-
mont, containing zco inhaliitanis. It has
Cambridge on the S E, and Georgia W
Flint R. a confiderable river of Georgia,
which rifes in the country of the Creek
Indians, and running a S, and thence a S
W courfe, joins the Appalachicola, at its
entrance into Florida. The Flint is about
30 rods wide, and h-om la to 15 feet deep
in fummer, and has a gentle current.
The territory lying on tliis river, cfpet-
ially on the upper part of it, prefcnts ev-
ery appearance of a delightful and fruit-
ful region in feme future day ; it being a
rich foil, and exceedingly well fituated
for every branch of agriculture, and of-
fers an uninterrupted navigation to the
bay of Mexico, and Atlantic ocean, and
thence to the W. India iflands and over
the wliole world. There are a nuni!)er
of vilhgcs of Creek Indians on this river.
Flint, a fmall river, about ^i miles long,
in the GenefTee country, in N. Yark,
which runs NNEintoTanandarqua creek.
Fli/ijlon, {now Baldwin) Cumberland eo.
Mai'ic. It has one eminence in it called
Saddle Back mountain, but the country
in general is level enough for cultivation.
One half of it is covered with pine and
white oak. Sec BuUivin, appendix.
Florida, a poft town in Orange co. N.
York, 6 or 8 miles S of Gofl»en, and jO
N W of N. York city.
Florida, a town in Montijomery co. N.
York, on the S fide of Mohawk R. at the
mouth of Schoharie creek. Fort Hunter
jsJn this town, wlitch fee. It has in8
inhabitaati.
Vot. I. X
FLO
PlniiJ,!, E^Ji and IViJf, belonging to
Spain, fituated l)etween ac and .u N lat,
and between 80 and 91 W ion. a I tout 600
miles in length. Its breadth ih various ;
the broadcfi patt of W. Florida \i about
i;;u mih-s, while the narrow pcninfula of
£. Florida extends, in the faiiir direction,
from i> to N 400 miles. It U bounded 14
by Georgia, .S by the gulf of Mexi(;o, £
by the Atlantic ocean, and W by the
Milfilippi, which feparates it from Lou-
ifiana, ami iii luarly o' '>e form oi the
letter 1.. W. Morida .-. < 'luiiued F by the
river Appalachicda 'Aietai^ it exi>.iids
W to the RegoI'U, k,: th; ev 'ranee into
lake Ponchartrain ; tiicncr through the
lakes PoLiehartr.tin and Miurcpas, and
along the livcr Iberville to the Millifippi,
and thence to the S boundary of the U S.
[Ni.il/jins.] Among its rivers that fall in-
to the Atlantic, St. John's and Indian
rivers are the chief. Seguana, Appala-
chicola, Chatahatchi, Efeambia, Mobile,
Pafeagoula and Pearl rivers all rife in
Georgia, and run foutherly into the gulf
of Mexico. The principal bays are St.
Bernard's, AfcLnfion, Mobile, Penfacola,
Dauphin, Jofcph, Apalachy, Spiritu Sanc-
to ; and the chief capes are Blanco, St.
Blaizc, Anclotc, and Cape Florida at the
extremity of the ptiiinl'ula. The climate
is little dificrciit from that of Georgia.
There are, in this country, a great vari-
ety of foils ; the ealltrn part of it, ncai*
to, and about St. Auguftinc, is by far the
moft unfruitful ; yet c\'cn tlicrc.twocropa
i of Indian corn are annually produced.
I The banks of the rivers which water the
j Floridas, and the p.irtk c(mti.^u)iif, are of
{ a fuperiorq lality, nnd wtil ?d ipttd to the
I culture ol' rice anfl corn. Tin.- line land*
near the river iilfeanibi?., t-re defcriiied
under the account of that river. The inte-
rior country, wlii..li i> iiigh .^nd picafant,
abounds with wood ofalinofl every kind,
particularly wljite and red oak, live oak,
hurei magiidia.pine, hickory.evprcfV, red
I and white ccdir. The live oak-*, thourl»
n.)t tall, contain h pri)di;.ioub quantity of
I timber. The trunk is generally from ii
I to 20 feet in circiimrcrcnce. and rifts 10
I or 12 feet from the earth, and t|)f,x
' branches into 4 or 5 great limbs, which
grow in nearly a horTzontal diretT::;on
I forming a gentle curve. " I havg ftco-
1 ped" lays Eartram, " above 50 paces on
. a ftraigl.t lint, fiom tlie trunk of q^p of
I thel'e trees to ti>e extremity of the limhs."
; They are ever green, and the wood al-
'.muft incorruptible They bear a gn at
quantity
■ i
¥
K 1
IMAGE EVALUATION
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7
Photographic
Sciences
Corporation
23 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, NY. 14580
(716) 872-4503
'<" mi..
§
L<?
'^
s^
FLO
FOG
quantity of finall acorus, which is agree-
able fund when roadcd, and from which
the Indians cxtratfl a fweet oil, which tliey
life in cuukiug homminy and rice. The
l.iurcl magnolia in the mod beautiful
aiiiong the trees of the forcfl, and is ufu-
aily KO feet high, though foincuie much
higher. The trunk is pcrfedlly eredt,
riling in the form of a be.iutiful eolumu,
and fupporting a head like an obtufe
cone. The flowers, whicli are on the tx-
trciiiity of the branches,, arc large, white,
and expanded like a rofe, aad are the
largcft and moft complete of any yet
known ; when fHlly expanded, they are
from 6 to 9 inches diameter, and lirive a
moft delicious fragrance. The cypriifs is
the largeft of tlvc American trees. «' 1
liavc ftcn trunks of thefe trees," fays
Uartram, "that would nxalure 8, 10 and
la feet in diameter, for 40 and jO feet
fliaft." The trunk* make exctlicnt fliin-
gles, boards, and oilier timber ; and when
hollowed, make durable and convenient
canots. The garden vegetables are in
liigli perfetflion ; the orange and lemon
trc'is grow here, without cultivation, to
a large llze, and produce better fruit than
in Spain and Portugal. The intervales
between the hilly irarts of t!>is country
arc extremely rich. The principal town
in V\'. Florida is P..nfacoh ; in E. Florida,
St. Auguftiiie. The Spanilh (brength in
the Florida*, and Louiliana, in r790j was
as follows, a'.eordiivg to Mr. Melford's
account : Troops and levies at St. Au-
g'.iftine and on St. John's river, 400 ; St.
Marks, too ; Penfacola, 350 ; Mobile and
Tombigbee, 150; at the Natchez, aoo;
Red river, ico; Illinois river, 300; in all
1600 men, called the Orleans or Louiliana
rcgiiiient. The number of Americ.in
families that have been Spaniflv fubjects
(ince 178.1, amounts to 1720, viz. at Ten-
f.ui, near Mobile bay, 90 ; on T'^mbigbee
river, 130 ; at the Natchez on the MilTi-
fippi, 1500. All the fettlcrs in thcfe Uif-
tricls are uiukr the immediate orders of
the military commandants, and fubjetil; to
martial law ; with an appeal from ftage
to (lage, up to the viceroy of Mexico.
The property of the fubjcA at his de-
ccafc is to be managed by the command-
ant, -vhofe fees, by law, are enormous.
Until the year ij86, the continent of N.
America went by the name of Florida.
It received this name from John Ponce,
bccaufe when he landed in N lat. 38 8,
in April, 15 13, he found the country
there iu full bloom. Florida hat fre-
quently changed mailers, belonging aUfr*
nately to the French and Spaniards. W*
Florida, as far as Pcrdido R. was owned
and occupied by the French ; the remain-
der, and all E. Florida, by the Spaniards,
previous to their being ceded to the Brit-
illi, at the peace of i*/63. The Britifli
divided this country into E. and W. Flor-
id;t. During the American war, both the
Floridas were reduced by the Spaniard*,
and guarantied to the crown of tipain by
the definitive treaty of 1783.
F/oriih, C.ipc, the fouthernmoft point of
land of the pcninfula of E. Florida. It i*
too miles N of the iiland of Cuba. N lat.
»5 20, W Ion. 80 20.
Floiifla Ke\3, or Martyr's IfmnJs, a num-
ber of rocka and fand banks, bounded VV
by the gutf of Me^co, E by that of Flori-
da. 'I'he gi eat faiid bank extends frora
theixminliila of F. Florida inward, to the
gulf of Mexici), i;i the form of a hook ; its
W point is divided froni the bank called
the Dry Fortugas, by Tortuga channel.
F/orUi, Gi/!/'/, is the cliannel between
the penini'ula of Florida and the Bahama
illands, N of the iiland of Cuba ; and
through which the Gulf Stream finds a
palFage, and runs to the N E along the
American coaft. See Gu'/ Stream and
Floivertotvn, in Pennfylvania, is a fmall
village about 1 2 miles N of Philadelphia,
in Montgomery co.
Floyd, a new towafliip in Oneida Herke-
mer co. N. York, has 767 inhabitants.
Floyd, a county of Kentucky, containing.
472 inhabitants, of thcfe 29 are (laves.
FliifiinjT, a town in (Queen's co. N. York»
on the N W part of Long I. and on the S
fide of Hell Gate ; 7 miles E by N of N.
York citv. It contains r8i8 inl\abitants.
Fluvanna. See Jantet Rivtr.
Fluvanna, a county of Virginia, Iwundcd
N by Albemarle, N E by Louifa, E by
Goochland, W by Amherft, and S by Flu-
vanna or James river, which divides it
from Buckingham. It is about 22 miles
long, and 20 broad, and contains 2703
free inhabitants, and 1920 flaves. There
is great plenty of marble, both white and
variegated with blue, red and purple veins
found here, on James R. at the mouth of
Rockfifli ; where it forms a large preci-
pice, overhanging a navigable part of the
river.
Fog^y Cape, on the N W coaft of N. A-
merica.is fituated on the S caftern fide of
the peniufula of Alaika, and W of KiHuae
iiland.
Fcjr^y
FOR
FOR
Furrrry 7/1,; OH the fiimc fide Of tlie pen-
infula as the above, lies u fliort way S by
W ot Foggy Cape.
Follo-ujieU, a tov/nfliip in VVafliington
CO. Pennlylvania, containing 1635 inluib-
itauts. E. and W. FoUowiieiil are alio two
townfliips in Chefter co. Pennfylvania;
the former has 1622, and the latter 839
inhabitants.
Fonfeca, Gulf of , lies in New Spain on
the Pacific ocean, 40 miles S E of the
town of St. Miguel, and about 290 miles
N W of Cape Blanco, on the wcflern iide
«f the gulf of Nicoya.
Fontaine^ Belle, a I'ettlement in the N. W.
territory, on the E Iide of the Miffi-
fippi, about 18 miles N of St. Phillips, and
23 below Cahokia.
Font, or Fntite, Straits de, lie on the N
W coaft of N. America, in N lat 54 2St
W Ion. 9 5^. There is a large illand in
the middle of the entrance. This is
thought to be thefame ftrait that De Fonte,
a Spanifli admiral, difcovered in 1640,
whofe account of it has been long treated
as fabulous. It has been feen by captains
Gray and Ingraham, of Bofton.
Foralones, in the ifland of Gunra, and
coaft of Peru, in S. America, are old walls
of fome ancient building in the time of
the Yncas, which ferve here as light houf-
cs for the fliipping which fail from Callao
to Paita, on the S. £ca coad.
Foreland, South, U. Canada (formerly
called Point Pelc) on the N fliore of lake
Erie, oppofite Landguard. There is good
anchorage for velTelSjOn cither lidc of the
point, which runs out to a conliderable
dillance, but the bed is on the £ iide, in
clay bottom. Near the extremity of the
point, and on the E fide is a pond, where
boats in general may enter and be fpcure
from moft winds. A long reef runs out
from the point.
Forijlcrtoii, a village in Burlington co. N.
Jerfey, which lios between Aycrflon and
Evelliam ; about 15 miles E of Philadel-
phia, and II S of Burlington city.
Fi>reJ},». fmall ifland in the Britifli terri-
tories, at the nio\itii of Lake Ontario, be-
tween which and Grand Ifland is a nar-
row channel. It lies 9 miles foutherly of
Fort Frontinac, and 6 N weftcrly of Roc-
buck I. in the fame lake, and within tlie
line of the United States.
Forhd Deer, a na\'igable river in Ten-
cflee, which runs wefterly into Millifippi
R. between the Obian and Hatc'.y. It i«
ubout 76 yards wide> 7 miles rom its
(iiouth. „ • . ,,,
F(,rks, a towndnp in Northampton co.
Pennfylvania, having 884 inli.-),bitatit».
Formofr, a fmall I'eitlcmcnt at the .S F.
end of Newfoundland ifland, at the hcr.d
ot Bear Cove.
Fort Ar.:i, a port town, Wafliingtou co.
N.York, 459 : ilcs from Wailiington.
Fort Blount, it.-.uds on Cumberland R.
in the ftate of Teneflce, co. of Smitli, 6;i
miles \V of Wiifliinf UMi,and has a port of-
fice.
Fort Bretvh^ttyn, in N. Ytjrk flatc, is at
the W end of Oneida Lake, and on the N
fide of Onondago K. atitsmouthinthelake.
Fort Cha:trcs, in the N. W. territory, is
Ctuatedon the E bankof Miirifippi R. 6
milcn W by S of St. Phillips, and 19 W N
W of Kaikalkias vilhige.
Fort Dauphin, a fmall lake, or rather arm
of Little Winnipeg lake, and weft of it*
Fort Ed-ward, a plcal'ant village in Waili-
ington CO. N. York, on the E bank of
Hudfon R. 49 miles N of Albany. It has
its name from the large fort built here in
1755 ; of which there arc no remains but
large moundsof earth. Here is a poftoffice.
Fort Anne, a village on the head water*
of Wood creek, in Wafliington co. N.
York, 60 miles N E of Albany city. It
h.is its name from a fmp.ll picket fort,
ereifled in the reign of Queen Anne, of
which there is no vcflige left.
Fort George, in U. Canada, the military
poll and garrifon lately built on tlie
heights above Navy Hall, at the entrance
of^the Niagara river, in the to^vnf!lip of
N«wark, in the county of Lincoln.
Fort George, lies at the S end of lake
George, 62 miles N of Albany. Here are
the remains of the old forts, Gcoi'gc, and
William Henry. The fuuation is plep.fant,
but there is hardly the appearance of a
village. There is a port office here. Kfte
George, lale.
Fort JMiJf.ic. WaHiington co. N. York.
Here is a pollolTice. 8 70 miles from Wafli-
ington.
Fort MilLr, Wailiington co. N. York.
Here is a port olTice,439 miles frcm Walli-
iiigton.
Fort Willinfon, Hancock co. Georgia.
Here is a port oiti<^ e, 702 miles from Waili-
ington.
Fortrr.yal, in the illand of Grenada.
See >SV. George's.
Fortroyiil, one of the prin ipal towns in
the ifland of Martinico, in tlic W. IikUcs.
It is the feat of government in the ifl.'.nd ;
its ftreets are regular, the houses agreeable,
and the people gay and luxurious. The
citadel
■'% i
FRA
citadel which defends the town coft the
French ;C.3*5,ooo fterling. The harbour
here i« one of the beft in tlie \V. Indies,
and the fliips of war winter in it.
Fortune, a large bay towards the S W
part of Newfonndlancl ifland ; acrofs the
mouth of which lies Micklon ifland, and
S of it Peters ifland. This extenfive b:iy
isinterfperfed with fmall ifles, and within
it arc many bays. It has gieat depth of
water throughout.
Fojier, a townfliip in Providence- co.
Rhode Ifland, containing 2457 inhabit-
ants ; 1 7 milr.i wefberly of Providence,
and 31 N W of Newport.
/"axAor^^jrA, a townfliip in Norfolk co.
Maflachufctts, 46 miles S ofBodon. In-
corporated in 1778. Inhabitants, 779.
/w, a river in the N. W. territory,
which rifes m the S, and run» about 50
miles N, where it appro.iches very near
to, and parallel with,Onirconfin,a N eaft-
ern branch of the MiiUlippi river. From
the Great Carrying place here, through
lake Winnebago, it runs eafterly, then
N E to bay Puan, about 180 miles.
From the carrying place to Winnebago
it is navigable for canoes 4 or j miles.
From bay Puan its current is gentle ;
from th«nce to Winnebago laV.e it is full
of rocks and very rapid. Its breadth is
between 70 and 100 yards. The land on
ifs borders is good, thinly wooded with
hickory, oak, and hazel. See Ouifconjhig
and Winnebago,
Fox, a northern water of Illinois r'ver,
34 miles below the month of Plein river
Framingham, a townfliip in Middlcfex
CO. Maflachufetts, containing 1625 inhab-
itants. It was incorporated in 1700 and
is 14 miles W S W of Cofton.
Fr.^llref}r>v^ll, an interior pofl: town in
Hillftorough co. N. Hampfliiro, on the E
lide of Coutecook R. abciit zi r.;i!cs to
the S W of Concord. It was incorporat-
ed in 1 772, and contained in i77.«,aoo in-
habitants, in 1790, 981, and in 1800, 1355.
FrnncUirtro, now Corivjh, in York co.
Maine, containing 734 inhabitants.
Francis, St. a lake, or extcniion of the
river St. Lawrence, between Kingllon and
Montreal, through which paflcs the line
dividing U. from L. Canada. It is that
part of the river St. Lawrence which wid-
ening above the Coteaw de Lu?, lofcs its
current and becomes a long and narrow
lake.
Franc-', >S''. a river in the province of L.
Canada, which riles from various fonrces
near the northern boundary of the United j
FRA
States, and runs northward into the tW»
.St. Lawrence, at the W end of lake St.
Peter. It is not all the way navigable ;
elfe it would afford an important commu-
nication from the northern parts of Ver-
mont to the markets of Montreal and
Quebec. See yyiot »nd Sfjipton, Its banks
are fertile, and are fettling with people
from N. England.
Francis, St. a fmall river in LouifianR,
which runs a S E courfe into the Miflifiii-
pi, 108 miles above Arkanfas R. and 70
miles above Margot R. on the E iirle of
the Miflifippi. It is the general rendez-
\'ou8 for the hunters from N. Orleans,
who winter there, and colleA fait meat,
fuct, and bear's oil, for the fupply of that
citv. Kapp.^s Old fort formeily flood at
the mouth of this river, on the fouthern
fide. It was built by the French during
their wars with the Chickafaw Indians.
-*Jfo, the name of a fmall river in the N.
W. territorv, which runs aS W by W
courfe into Miffifippi, between Cold and
Rum rivers, 60 miles above St. Anthony's
Falls. The country a little above it it
hilly, and the foil pretty good. To the N
E are the fmall lakes called the Thoufand
lakes. The Miffifippi here is not above
'JO yards wide.
Francis, St. in Brazil, S. America, a long
and large river which runs N eafterly, and
thence S E till it empties into the ocean
N E of the town of Seregeppe del Rey.
It has a number of towns and fettlemcnts,
chiefly on its head waters.
Francois, Cape St. a jurifdidtion city, and
port, in the N weftern part of the ifland
St. Domingo. This juriidi(^ion is in the
N di vifion of the ifland, in what was call-
ed the French part of it ; and contains 13
parillips. Its exports from Jan. i, 1789,
to Dec. 3 1, of the fame year, were as fol-
low : 31,187,636 lbs. white fugar,
7.267,^31 Ihs. brown fugar, 32,54J,524lbs.
coffee, 269,240 lbs. cotton, 245,177 lbs.
indigo: tanned hides, molafles, fpirits, A;c.
to the vnhie of 2i,7}'9 livres. Total val-
ue of duties on exportation, 253,590 dolis.
37 cents. Cape I'ranrois exceeds Poet au
Prince in the value of its produdtious, the
elegance of its buildings, and the advan-
tageous fituation of its port. The city,
which is the governor's refiUence in time
of war, is fituated on a cape at the edge
of a large plain, 20 leagues long, and on
an average 4 broad, between the fea and
the mountains. 1 here ate few lands bet-
ter watered, but there is not a river that
will admit a floop above 3 miles. I'hit
fpace
FRA
FRA
fpace is cut through by ftraight roRcI*, 40
feet broad, uninterruptedly lined with
hedges of lime and lemon trees, intermixed
with long avenues of lofty trees, leading
to plantations which produce a greater
quantity of fugar than any fpot of the
lame fize in the world. The town, which
is fituated in the moft unhealthy place of
this extcnfive and beautiful plain, had,
fome yeirs lince, feveral elegant public
buildings, as tht govcnor's houfe, the bar-
racks, the magazine, and two hol'pitals,
called the hou/m of Providmre, founded for
the benevolent and humane purpofe of
fiipporting thofe Europeans who came
thither without money or merchandize.
The harbour is athnirably well fituated
for fliips which come from Europe, being
only open to theN, from whence Ibips re-
ceive no damage, its entrance being fprink-
led over with reefs that break the force
of the waves. Before its deftruAion in
1793, this city contained about 8000 in-
jiabitants ; whites, people of colour, and
flaves. See St. Domingo.
Franqoh, Old Cnpe, the N. eaftemmoft
point of the idand of St. Domingo or Hif-
paniola ; having Balfamo bay N W, and
Scotch baySSE.
Francois R. in IT. Canada runs S W
from lake Nipifling into lake Huron ; it
has feveral portages , that neareft to
lake Nipiiring, is called Portage de
Trois Chaudiers, in length about iialf a
mile. Smyih.
Franconiii, a townfliip in Grafton co.
N. Hampfliire, 14 miles N E of Haverhill
(N. H.) on Conne'fticut river. Incorpo-
rated in 1 764, firft called Morriftown. It
contains 129 inhabitants.
Franlfort, a port town in Hancock co.
Maine, on the W fide of Penobfcot bav.
It has a few houfes, regularly built, and
lies 8 miles W of Fcnobfrot, and 238
N E of Bofton. The townfliip contains
867 inhabitants.
Frankfort, or Frat'lforif, a pleafant, thriv-
ing village, in Philadelphia co. Pennfyl-
vania, on the N E fide of a creek of the
fame name, a mile and an half from Del-
aware R. It contains about 100 houfes,
chiefly of flone, an Epifcopal and a Ger-
man church ; on elevated ground, about
.^ miles N E of Philadelphia. Here is a
port oflice.
Frantfort, a new townfliip in Hcrkcmer
CO. N. York, E of Whiteilown, adjoining.
It has 946 inhabitants.
Frantfort, a thriving village, where is a
poft oflice, in Hampfliire co. Virginia,
on a creek which empties into Potow
mack R. It is 1 3 miles N W of Rumney',
4 miles S of the Potowmack, and 10 S S
E of Eort Cumberland.
Fran/fort, the capital of Pendleton co.
Virginia, is fituated on the W lide of a S
branch of Potowmack R. It contains a
court houfc, gaol, and about 30 houfes ;
180 miles N \V of Richmond.
Frjnifnrt, a p<ift town and the mctrojv
olie of Kentr.cky, is fituated in Eranklin
CO. on the N E bank of Kentucky R. about
50 miles from its confluence wivh the Ohio.
It is a flourifliing town, regularly laid out,
and has a numlier of h;indff)mc houlcs.
The ftate houfe is a handfome ftone build-
ing. Here is alfo a tobacco warehoul'e.
It contains 628 inhabitants. it is 30
miles N of Harrodfburg, i.o N by W of
Danville, 123 from Louifville, and 790 \V
by S of Philadelphia. N lat. 38 14, W
Ion. <)s 28.
Franklin, Fort, is in Alleghany co. Penn-
fylvania,ncar the pofl: called Venango, and
was created in 1787, In order to defend
the frontiers of Pennfylvania from the
depredations of the neiglilH)uring Indians.
It is feated on the S W bank of Alleghany
R. oppofite the mouth of French creek.
Nlat. 41 I 40, W Ion. 79 41 ; si milea
5 S £ of Prefque lile, and 63 northward
of PittflDurg.
FranH'm Co. the N wefternmoft in Ver-
mont, bounded N by I^. Canada, and W
by lake Champlain. It contains 30 town-
fliips, and 8781 inhabitants;
Franklin Co. in Pennfylvania, bounded
N by Mifllin, N E by Cumhciland, E by
York, S by M'afliington co. in Maryl^.nd,
W by Bedford co. and N W by Hunter-
don. It is computed to contain 8oofquare
miles, equal to 512,000 acres. It lies
chiefly between the N. and S. Mountains,
and comprehends the middle part of the
beautiful ind rich valicy of Concgochca-
gue ; which is wi'.tered by the creek of its
name, which falls inio Potowmack at
Williams Port in Maryland. This coun-
ty exhibits a moft luxuriant l.miifcape iri
fummer, from tlie top of ooutli Mountain.
Iron ore is found here fuflicitnt already
to furnifli work for a furnace and forgc#
The county is divided into 1 4 townfliips,
which contain i9,<)38 inhabitants.
Franltin,a poft town. Venango co. Penn*
fvlvania, 32^ miles from W'ailiipgton.
Frtini.'i/', :• pofl town t)f Chio,j6o niliei
from Wafliington.
Franklin, a poft town, Pendleton co.
Virginia, 191 miles fror.i Wafliington.
Franklirif
rR A
FRE
.. 1
franlUn, a port town, Willl.imfon co.
"Tenciree, 575 iniles from Wafliington.
Fratitli.i,A town in Dutchefs co. N. Vork,
•n the Conne^icut line, lo miles N W of
Danbury. It has 1546 inhahttants.
Franklin Co. in Kentucky, is bounded N
by Scott CO. N W and W by Shelby, S
E by Fayette, and S by Woodford. It
contains 44.50 inhabitants, of whom 1 109
are in flavery. Chief town, Frankfort.
franklin Co. in Halifax diftrici, N. Car-
^ina, contains 8473 inhabitant.'*, of whom
3667 are flaves. It is bounded N by
Greenville.Sby Johnflon,NEby Warren,
S W by WaJcc, and W by Orange co.
Chief town, Lewijinirg.
Franklin Co, in Virginia, is bounded N
by Bedford, N W by Botetourt, W by
Montgomery, S W by Henry, S by Patrick,
and £ by Campbell co. It i« about 40
miles 'ing, and 25 broad, and contains
7718 fiee inhabitants, and 1574 flaves.
A range of the Alleghany Mountains pafl-
ts through it on the N W. It is in gen-
eral hilly.
Franklin Co. in Georgia, is fituated in the
Upper Diftridl, bounded E and N E by
Tugulo R. which feparates it from the
ftate of S. Carolina ; W and N W by the
couptry of the Cherokees ; S by the head
branches of Broad R. and S E by Elbert co.
It contains 6859 inhabitants, of whom 959
are flavei. The court houfe is. 17 miles
from Hatton's Ford on I'ugulo R. 25 from
Elbcrton, ?nd 77 from Walhington. Here
is a poll oflicc.
Franklin College. See Lanea/ler,ia Penn-
fylvania.
Franklin, a townfliip in Norfolk co.
MafTachufetts ; taken from Wrentham,
and incorporated in 1778, and contains
17,000 acres of land, and 1285 inhabit-
ants ; is bounded N by Charles R. which
feparates it from Medway, and lies 30
iniles S rf BoRon.
- Franklin, afmall ifle at the mouth of St.
Georges R. in Lincoln co. Maine ; 4
leagues fouthward of Thorn iftim.
Franklin, a poft town in Delaware co.
S W from, and bordering on Harpersfield,
and its W line runs along the S eaftern
bank of Sufquehanna R. This town was
divided by an ai5t of the Legillature, 1 797.
It has 1390 inhabitants. 'I'hcre is a pod
•ffice in Franklin, Delaware co. N. York.
Franklin, a townfliip in Wcflmoreland
CO. Pcnnfylvania. Alio, 3 others in the
fame ftate, viz. in York to. Fajette co.
and in Wafliington co.
franklin, a townfliip, the northemmoft
in New London co. Conncdlicut, 6 milfi
N W of Norwicii. It contain., izioinhab-
itants, who are chiefly wealthy farmers.
Franklin, a County in the ftate of Ohio.
Franks, A town in Huntingdon co. Pcnn-
fylvania, on the Frapkftown branch of
Juniatta R. 20 miles W of Huntingdon,
has 743 inhabitants.
Frayles, an iliand near the coaft of New
Andalufia, Tetra Firma.
FrayLs, Los, a clump of rocks w hicli
rife above water on the S fide of the ifl-
and of St, Domingo, 4 leagues N W of
the idand of Beate, nearly nppofite the
illes called the Seven Brothers, in the bay
of Monte Chrift, on the N fide of the ifl-
and. Thefe rocks are alfo called the
Brothers or Monks. The rapidity of the
currents renders this part of the coaft
very dangerous.
Frederica, a village in Kent CO. ftate of
Delaware, between the two main branchct
of Mother Kill, a ftream which falls into
Delaware 7 miles from the town, and 3
S E of Jaines' creek, which leads up tm
Dover. It contains about 40 houfts, and
liei ta miles E of Dover, and 88 from
Philadelphia. Here is a poft office.
Frederica, a poft town of Glynn CO. iH
Georgia, is fituated on St. Simon's ifland,
in a very pleafant fituation; and was built
by Gen. Oglethorpe. The fortrel's was
leautiful and regular, but is now in ruins.
Vhc town contains but few houlcs, which
ftand on an eminence, upon a l>ranch of
Alatamaha R. which waftics the W fide
of this agreeable ifland, and forms a bay
before the town, affording a fafe and
commodious harbour for vcflcls of the
largcft burden, \yhich may lie along tlie
wharf. It was fettled by fomc .Stotch
highlanders, about tiie year 173.5, wiio
accepted of aii cftablilhment both here
and at Daritn, to dtfcnd the colony, if
needful, ugainft the ntighbouring Span-
iards. N lat. 31 15, W Ion. 80.
Frederick Co. in Maryland, is bounded
N by Pcnnfylvania, Wand N W by Wafli-
ington, E by IJaltimore, and S W by Po-
towmack R. On the Monocacy R. and
its branches are about 37 grift milii>, a
furnace, iron forge, and a glafs manutac-
tory, calied the Etna gl^fs works, which
are in a thriving ftate. This county is
more than .'^o miles each way, reckoning
from the extreme parts, and is divided
into 12 towns and vill.Tges. 'J'he Cotoc-
tiny mountain extends from the Potow-
mack in a N dircdlion through this coun-
ty into Pennfylvania, bctwtcn the South,
mountain
FRE
mftuntain and Monocacy Creek ; the
taflcrn parts arc generally level. It con-
tains 30,791 inhabitants, inchiding .^641
Ijavcs, 1'lie lands of this county arc gen-
erally rich, producing wheat, rye, barley,
corn, hemp and Hax. Mines cif copper
liavc been difcovercd. It contains about
^37,6oD acres. Chief town, Frederick-
town.
Fralerich Co. in Virginia, is bounded N
by Berkley, S by Shanindoah, W by
Hanipllure. and £ by Shanandoah K.
which feparates it from Loudon co. It it
30 miles in len^;ch,Hnd io\n breadth, and
contains 16,2^7 white inhabitrfnts, and
5 1 18 Haves. Iron ore is found herein
great plenty ; and works have been ere<il-
id which produce 160 tons of bar iron,
and 650 tons of pig, annually. In one
year 300 tons of bar iron were manufac-
tured. Pots and other utcnflis, caO thin-
ner than ufual of this iron, may be fafely
thrown into or out of the waggon, in
which they are ttanfported. Both this
and Berkley co. has a good foil. Between
the waters of Opeckan creek and tlie
^jhan'andnah is the richcd limeltonc land
in the eadern parts of the llate. Near
the North Mountain in this county is a
curious cave, by fome called Zanry's Cavi.
its entrance is on the top of an exteufivc
ridge. You defcend 30 or 40 feet as into
a well, from whence the cave then ex-
tends, nearly horizontally, 4C0 feet into
the earth, prcferving a breadth of from
20 to 50 fett, and a height of from 5
to la feet. After entering this cave a
few feet, the mercury, which, in the open
air, was at 50, rofe to 57 of Fahrenheit's
thermometer. After this may be added
the Natural Well on the lands of Mr.
Lewis. It is fomcwhat larger than a
common well, and rifes as near the fur-
face of the earth as in the neighbouring
artificial wells ; and is of a depth, as yet
unknown. It is ufed with a bucket and
windlafs as an ordinary well. It is faid
there is a current in it tending fenlibiy
downwards. Chief town, Wineheder.
Frtdtrlck Honfe, a trading flation in U.
Canada, on the head water of Abbitibbe
R. N lat. 48 7,5, W Ion. 8a 6.
Freilerkk, a fort in Wafliington co. Ma-
ryland, fituated on the N £ bank of Po-
towmack R. near the S line of Pennfyl-
vania.
Frederick, z townfliip in Montgomery
CO. Pennfylvania. it has 697 inhabitants.
Frederick, a town on the N fide of Saf-
fafrat R. in Cecil co. Maryluud, aud fep-
PRE
arated by that rirer from George Ta^Uf
Kent CO. It lies 6 miles S W of Warwick^
and 14 E of Grove p int in Chefapeak'
bay. N lat. 39 aa 2'^.
Frederick Puiitt, in U. Canada, is on th«
W fide of Kingdon harbour, and on the
W fide of Hjldamand cove, which is made
by it and I^iint Henry. Smyth.
Fmdirickjhurgh, a poft town in Kpotfyl-
vania co. Virginia, on the S W bank of
Rappahannock river, no miles from its
mouth in Chefapeak bay. it is an incor-
porated town, and regularly laid out into
feveral flreets, the chief of which run*
parallel with the river, and in all con''
tains about 300 houA s, two tobacco ware-
houfcs, and feveral (lores of well aflbrtcd
goods. Its public buildings are an Epif-
cojial church, an academy, court houfc
and gaol, it is a place of confider:ible
trade, and contains about 2000 inhabit-
ants. A forge in this neighbouihood
made, fome time ago, about 300 tons of
bar iron in a year, from pigs importett
from Maryland, it is 50 miles S S W of
Alexandria, 68 N by £ of Richmond, 102
S W of lialtimore, and 105 S W of Phi-
ladelphia. N lat* 38 2», W Ion. 77 36.
Frtdtrickjburgb Toivnjlip, in the COlintv
of Lenox, U. Canada, lies to the W of
Ernefl: Town, in the bay of Quinte.
Frederick, a towntliip in Dutchefs co.
N. York, which contains 1661 inhabitants..
between Franklin and IMiilliptown.
Fredericitott, a confiderable townfliip in
the province of N. Brunfwick, 90 miles up
St. Jdhn's R. which is thus far navigable
for (loops.
FredericktowH, a poft town of Maryland,
and capital of Frederick co. fituated- on
both fide* of Carrolls' creek, a fmall (Iream
that empties i nto Monocacy R. overwhicli
arc two bridges. The ftrects are regularly
laid out, interfcvSling each other at right
angles. The dwelling iioufcs, ehicflv of
(tone and brick, are about 700 in number,
many of which are handfome and com-
modious. The public edifices are, one
church for Prelbyterians, two for German
I'Utherans and Calvinifis, and one for
Bapti(ls,an elegant court houfe, a gaol, and
a brick market houfe. it is a very flour-
ifliing town, and has confider'able trade
with the back rountry. The litna glafs
works are fituated 4 miles ahovc the town,
on Tu(karora creek. Frederiektown is 4
milts E of CotoiSin mountain, 47 W by
N of Ba'timore, 24 E of Sharpfl)urg, and
148 S W by W of Philadelphia. N lat.
' ' ' Fre.-iolJ^
V * 1 !
4'^
i'tfliri
it f]
ii jJ
FRE
FRE
. PrefloU, a port town in Monmouth co.
N. Jirlcy, IS miles W of Shrewlbury, and
ao S li by t> of New Brnnfwick. In this
ti)\vn waj foiiglit the obftinate battle call-
rd the Moumuutli batdc, on the a8th of
June, 1778. 8ce Mviiaouth. There is "^n
ac:idrniy in this town. Frceliold con-
tiiiiKd, in 1790, 3785 inliabicants. Sec
Ujijier Freehold.
FrteholJ, » pod town in Green co. N-
Ytd'k.. contaioinpr .iSia inhubitunts.
Frte^'iort, A pt)(t town in Cimiberiand co.
]M:tliie, at t he Iwdd of Cafeo bay ; adjoin-
jn<> to Dtirhum on the N £. and to Ni)tth
Yarnuiuth on thtSW; about lo miles
N E of Portland, 140 N by E of Boflon,
and 62.^ N E of Wailiington. It was in-
corporated in 1789, and contains 1330
Jnhabit:unj, A mine of filvcr and lead,
it is laid, ban been difcovtred in thia town
FrecP.one G.i(>, a phice »b railed in 'I'en-
efree,25 miles ff'om Hawkin's court houfe,
and 35 from Cumberland mountKJn.
Fifctotvn, a thriving townfliip in Briftol
CO. Maffachuletts, incorporated in 16S3,
contains 2535 inhabitants, and lies 4.s
miles foutherly of Rofton. The fouthern
part of this town has been incorporated
lately into a new town, by the name of
Fall H'lver, which fee.
French, a confiderabic river in Maffa-
Chufetts, has its fource in a fmall pond,
on the borders of Leicefter and Spencer,
in Worccfter co. and runs through Ox-
ford and joins Qi?inebauge R. in Thomp.
fon townfhip, in Conneiflicut. It derives
its name from the French Proteftants, who
obtained a fcttlcment in the town of Ox-
ford, after the revocation of the cdid of
Nantz, in i68?.
French America. The only part of the
continent which the French nation pof-
fclTed fome years fince, was the diftridl or
province of Cayenne, and the ifland of the
fame name on its coaft, in S. America. In
the W. Indies the French eliimed the fol-
lowino; idands, to which the reader is re-
ferred for a pirtieular dcfcription : ^^t.
Domiir^o, or Hifpaniola, CuuJa/oif^e. !^t.
J^uelc, To/iasro, St. Bartliolomnv, D.'fcada,
and Mtrlgahrte, The French were amone;
the laff nations who made frttlements in
the W. Indies ; but they made ample
amf-nds by the vigour with which they
nurfued them.atid by that chain of judic-
ions and admirable mcafures which they
nfed, in drawing from them every advan-
t^tre that the nature of the climate would
yield, and in cnntend'mi; aj^ainft the difli-
Cijllics which it threw in llicir way.
French Brand, a navigable river in \\\s
Tenctlce, which fifes on the S E fide of
the Great Iron and Buld mountains, in
N. Carolina. It is formed by two main
branches, which receive fevcral (Ireanu
in their ci urfe. Thcfc unite about 58
miles from the fource of the Nolachucky,
the cadern branch ; thence it Hows N
wefterly about 25 miles, and joins the
Holfton II miles above Knoxville, and is
4 or 500 yards wide. The navigation of
thik branch is much interrupted by rocks,
as is alfo the Tenefl'ee branch, which
joinii the main river 50 miles below this.
A large, clear, medicinal fpring, faid to
be etlicacions in curing many dileai'es, has
been lately diftovcred on the waters of
this river, about 30 miles in a dircA line
from its mouth. 'I'he water is fo hot,
that a patient at fnd going into it can
fcarccly fupport it. Nearer the mouth
of the river, a valuable lead mine has
been difcovcred.
French Creek, a N weflern water of Al-
leghany H. into which it falls along the
N fide of I'ort Franklin, 80 miles N by E
of Pittfburg. It affords the neareft paf-
fage to lake Eric. It is navignble with
fmall boats to Lc Beuf, by a very crooked
channel ; the portage thence to Prcfque
Ifle, from an adjoining peninfula, is 15
miles. This is the nfual route from Qnc-
bec to Ohio.
French Licl, in Tencflee, is the name of
a fait fpring, near which the town of
Nufliville now Hands.
Frenchman s Bay, lies on the fea coafl of
Lincoln CO. 'Maine, and is formed by
Mount Dcfert illand on the weflward, and
the peninfula of Goldiborough townfltip
on the eaftward. Round Mount Defert
illand it has an inland circular communi-
cation with Blue Hill bay.
French Hiver, in U. Canada. It is very
irregular in its breadth and form, fo
crowded with idands, that in failing down
its current, the real banks are feldom
feen. It enters lake Huron from the N
E, inlat. 45 .5.^N.
Frenchman s Greet, in the county of Lin-
coln, U. Canada, difchargcs itfclf into the
river Niagara, in the townfliip of Bertici
a few miles below Fort Erie. Smyth.
French Town, in Cecil CO. Maryland,
lies on the E fide of Elk R. a mile S of
RIkton, from which it is feparated by Elk
creek. Elk. ferry is 6 miles below this.
Frenevfe Lake, a large colledilon of wa-
ter, through which St. John's R in N.
Brunfwick, palTes. In ibmc maps thit
appears
l^pears onty ai
but in others it
very irregular
fiderable ftrean
country.
FrieJburg, a
Wachovia, or S
FrieJlttnd, a
Wachovia.
Friedenjhitetten
whofe name fig
quehanna R< ii
miles below Ti*
the United Bn
confifted of 13
of 40 hoiifes, I
manner, with a
houfes the groi
dens ; and bet
the river aboi
into regular pi:
FrieJenRadt, (J
Vian fettlcment
twcen Great B
about 40 miles
abandoned in i
Frob'ifiiert Str
ivard of Cape
land, and were
Frobiflier. N
Frofi's Peiiiti
N. York, lies <
found, 9 miles
Frontinac Co.
ton the E by tb
S by lake Onta
diip of Erneft,
interfetSls the
thence dcfcend
the N wefterni
ly of Leeds.
Frontinac, Fo
the head of a
N W fide of
Avhere all fort!
ty. U is a lea
lake, and a (h
and about 30c
winter about
than at Qifeb
cultivated, as
iropean and In<
is one of thi
In the world
mer. The St
of Ukc Onta
beautiful and
magnitudes, :
hay often pr<
anchor, and o
▼•t.1.
TRO
TUO
l^pears only as a dilatation of (he river ;
but in others it appears as a large lake of
very irregular figure, and receiving con-
Tiderable ftreams from the circumjacent
country.
FritJburg, a Moravian fettlement in
Wachovia, or Surry co. N. Carolina.
Frieiilamf, a Moravian fettlemcnt in
Wachovia.
Frieden/biietten, a Moravian fettlement,
whofc liame Ggniiics Tents o//>eact, on Suf-
quehannii R. in Pcnnfylvania, about %a
miles below Tioga Point ; cn:abltflicd by
the United Brethren in 1765. It then
confided of 13 Indian huti, and upwards
of 40 hoiifet, built after the European
manner, with a neat chapel. Next to the
lioufes the ground was laid out in gar-
dens ; and between the I'ettlcment and
the river about 450 acres were divided
into regular plantations of Indian corn.
fritJ<!nfl,iJt, or Tetun of Peace, a Mora-
vian fettlement which was eftabliflud be-
tween Great Beaver and Yellow creeks ;
about 40 miles N W of Pittfburg. It was
abandoned in I773-
Frobijhers Straits, lie a little to the north-
Ward of Cape Farewell and Weft Green-
land, and were difcovered by Sir Martin
Frobiflicr. N lat. 63, W Ion. 44.
Frog's Pointy or Neck, in W. Cheftcr co.
N. York, lies on the coaft of Long Ifland
found, 9 mUcs from Harlaem heights.
Froniinac Co. in U. Canada, is bounded
On the E by the coiinty of Leeds ; on the
S by lake Ontario ; (m the W by the town-
(liip of Erneft, running N 14° W, until it
interfedls the Ottawa or Grand R.. and
thence dcfccnding that river until it meets
the N weftcrnmoft boundary of the coun-
ty of Leeds. Smytb,
Frontlnae, Fori, a fortrefs in Canada, at
the head of a fine bay or harbour, on the
N W fide of the outlet of lake Ontario,
tvhcre all forts of veifels may ride in fafe-
ty. It is a league ft'om the mouth of the
lake, and a fhort diftaiicc S of Kingflon,
and about 3CX3 milts from Quebec. The
winter about this place is much fliortcr
than at Quebec ; and the foil is fo well
cultivated, as to produce all forts of £u-
IFopean and Indian corn ,and fruits. Here
is one of the moft charming profpetfls
fa the world, during fpring and fum-
mer. The St. Lawrence and the mouth
of lake Ontario, contain a number of
beautiful and fertile iflands of diHl-rent
magnitudes, and well wooded, and the
hay often prefents to the view vefills at
anchor, and otheri pafling to and from the
▼•uU Y
I'Ae. But tfie misfortune is, that the ad^
vantageous communication between thi»
lake, Montreal and Quebec, i» fomewhat
diiHcult and daugerou!>, on account of the
river being full of rocks and water falla4
This, tog.'tlier with the ambulcades of the
Iroquois indiani, induced rhe French to
abandon and dtflroy the ftrong works
they had erc«ittd here. This happened
in 1609. After this they retook an4
repaired the place. At length the Brit-
ifli, under Col. Bradftrcet, took it in 1 759,
to whom it was confirmed at tlie peace itl
1763. A river has lately been furvtycd
by the deputy furveyor general of Cana-
da, from .ts entrance into the lake at
Kenty, near Cadaraqui, to its fource in
lake St. Clie ; from which there is an cal'y
and fliort portage acrofs N W to the N £
angle of lake Huron, and another that is
neither long nor dilTicull, to the fouth-
ward, to the old fettlement of Toronto.
This is a fliort route fr^m Fort Fruntinac
to Michilimackinack. See Kin^Jlnn.
Pront Royal, a town in Frederick co.
Virginia, at the fo;?: of the Blue Ridjic, S
£ of Shenandoah R. 20 miles S of Win*
cheftcr. It has alraut 90 huufes. a Pref-
byterian church and one for Methodiftj.
A refpetStable grammar fchool is kept
here.
Froivfack Channel, or the Gut. of Canfu,
a ftrait between Kova Scotia and Cape
Breton illaud, 5 French leagues long, and
one broad.
Fryduffrin, a town-fliip in Chcfter «0.
Pennfylvania.
Frying Pan, a danger-^ is flioal,fo called
from its form. It lit • ■" tlie entrance of
Cape Fear R. in N. Caro mjs ; the S part
of it is in N lat. 33 34, 6 L-iiles from Cape
Fear pitch, and 14 S E by S from the
light houfe on Bald Head.
Frying Pan IJlaiid, in Muddy lake, U. Can-
ada, to the northward of Pointe de Tt.uV.
Frybiirfrh, a poll town, picafantly litu-
atcd in York co. Maine, in a bend of Saco
river. It was incorporated in 1'77, has
a flourifliing academy, and contains 447
inhabitants. 1 his is the ancient Indian
village Pigwaket, through which the up-
per part of Saco meanders ; 60 miles
from the fea, and izo N by E of Bofton.
N lat. 44 2, W Ion. 70 47 30.
Fuca, Straits of fuan dc, lie on tlie N W
eo.ift of N. America. The entrance lies
between Cape Flattery on the S fide, ia
N lat. 48 25, W Ion. 124 5a, to the op-
pofite coaft of the Quadras iflcs, in N
lat 48 53 30. It comniuuicates with
Piatard's
!i n
CAC
CAT.
m\
¥>intard'« foUnd, and thus forini Quadras
i(\e» ; in the S eadeni coad of which lies
Nuutka found. See PiHtanl'tfunnJ, The
Spaniaids, jealous of their ri^ht to the
American coaft, cdabliflicd a fettlemcnt
at this place.
■ Fuei^q. See Terra del Fuego.
Fail MeoH Shoal. See Halterat.
Fundy, a large bay in N. America, which
opens between the idandt in Pcnobfcot
bay, in I^incoln co. Maine, and Cape Sa-
ble, the S weAern point of Nova Scotia.
It extends about aoo miles in a N £
diretStion •, and with Vcrte b»y, which
puflies into the land in a S W direc-
tion from the ftraits of Northumberland,
forms a very narrow iflhmus, whicli
unites Nova Scotia to the continent ; and
where the dividon line runs between that
province and New Brnnfwiclc From its
mouth up to Padamarpioddy bay, on its
N W fide, fltuated between the province
of New Brunfwick and the diflrid: of
Maine, are a nitmber of bays and ifl»nds
on both fides, and thus fjr it contradti its
breadth gradually. It is r a leagues acrofs
from St. John's in New Brunfwick, to the
Gut of Annapolis, in Nova Scotia ; where
the tides are rapid, and rife 30 feet.
Above this it' preli^rves nearly an equal
breadth, until its waters are formed into
two arms, by a peninfula, the weftern
point of which is called Cape Chignedlo.
At the head of the N eaftern arm, called
Chigncdlo channel, which, with bay Verte
•forms the ifthmus, the tides rife 00 feet.
In the Bafin of Minas, which is the E
arm or branch of this bay, the tides rife
40 feet. Thefe tides are fo rapid as to
overtake animals feeding on the fliore.
Funifinim. See ^erufaUm, id Maryland.
<>
GaBARON, a bay on the S W of Lou-
• i(bourg, in the ifland of Cape Breton.
Gabori, a bay on the S E coaft of Cape
Breton ifland. The entrance into it,
which is not more than ao leagues from
the ifles of St. Pierre, is between iflands
and rocks about a league in breadth.
The bay <s a leagues deep, and affords
good anchorage.
Gabriel, St. an ifland in the great river
La Plata, S. America, difcovcrcd by Se-
badian Cabot, in the year 1526.
Gatipas, an Indian tribe, formerly in
alliaoce with the Delawares.
Gag* I/la/id, in the county of Ontario, U.
Amaaa, lies off Kingdon in lake Ontario,
between Amherft iflarrl nnd WoMe ifla«!#-l
f»<ijf/i ToTi'n, a fcttkincnt in Sunhury
CO. New Brunfwick ; on the lauds grant-
ed to Gen. Gage, on tlic W fide ot St.
John's R. on tli': norrhirn fliore of thr
bay of Fundy. Tlic intneral's grant con-
fifla of ao,ooo acre* of land ; the upl;tn«V
of which is in general very, bad. 'I'hcrc
is fomc intervale on the river fide, on
which are a few fcttlcrs ; cxclufivc of
thcfc fctllenirnts, there is very little good
land of any kind.
Calen, a military townfliip in Ononda-
go CO. N. York, filunted on Canandarqua
crctk, I a miles N W of the N end of Cay-
ug.i liike, and i.^ S by £ of Great Sod ui.
It is bounded S by Junius;
Culets, an illand at the E end of lake
Ontario, and in the (late of N. York, 5
miles S weftward of Roebuck ifland, 5
northerly of Point Gaverl'e, and 31 S E
:«f Point au Ooclans.
GaUtte, La, a neck of land in the river
St. Lawrence, in Canada. From the point
oppofite to rifle d« Montreal, a road might
be made to Galette, fo as to favc 40 leagues
of navigation', which the falls render al-
moft impra<5licable, and always very te-
dious. The land about La Galctte is very
good ; and in two days time a barque
nay fail thcUce to Niagara, with a good
wind. La Galctte is a league and a half
above thr fall called les Galots.
Galetti, Ri'Aere a la •v'ulle, in U. Canada,
r\ins into the river St. Lawrence, above
nic Fort Levi.
Galibis, or Cbara'ibes, a nation of Indians
inhabiting near New Andalufia, in S.
America ; from which the Charaibes of
the W. Indies are thought to be defcended.
Gaticia, an audience in Old Mexico or
New Spain, containing feven provinces.
Guadalaxera is the capital city.-
Gatipago IJtsi, the nnmc of foVeral unin-
habited ifles in the South Sea, on hotli
fides the equator, not far from the coaft
of Terra Firma ; belonging to Spain.
They lie betweew 3 N, and 4 S lat. and
between 83 40 and 89 30 W Ion. There
are only 9 of them of any confideiable
fize ; fome of which are 7 or 8 leagues
long, and 3 or 4 broad. Dampier faw 14
or 15 of them. The chief of thefe are
Norfolk, neareft the continent, Wenmore
among the N wefternnjoft, and Albemarle
the wcfternmoft of all. A number of
fmall ifles lie W from thefe, on both fides
the equator ; one of which, Gallego I. lies
in the ift degree of N lat. and 10a of W
loHi Many of thefe illes arc well wood-
od, and fome
VaU ijuaniiti(
be found aino
live the greal
they arc faid
the main to
lead 100 Icagi
Gallon, St. :\
Peru, in lat. 1
laud Murro P'i
■between whirl
is a mofl digit
fcis bound for
Gallia, a coil
Gallatin, a
taining 1078 i
Gallatin, a
Tencflcc, 714
iugton.
GalHopol!^, a
Ohio, fituated
and nearly op]
Great Kanhaw
about loohoul
people. In Nc
habitants fell v
generated, as w
filthinefs of th(
miles eadward
Pittlburg, and
N lat. 39 a, W]
faid to be on
the lands not I
Galots, the
river St. Lawr
the neck of lai
is an excellcat
there be feen
Galots, t'ijle
St. Lawrence,
yond rifle a«x
Gallo, an
payan, S. Ame
Dampier fays
and that oil th
4 or 5 fathoi
which is on tl
in deep watc
The ifland is
and good watc
bays, where a :
the name of
near the coafl
place poflefle(
they attempte
Gallotvay, a
N. Jerfey.
Gahvay, a
Saratoga, N.
§au. ft is Wl
C AL
GAS
ofl, and fome have a deep black mould.
Va(t quantities of the fiiicA turtle arc to
be fuutid ainon;; thifc iilundi), wlxrc thvy
live the grcattft p.irt of the year; yet
they arc laid to go from tlicncc over to
the main to lay their egg^, which is at
lead lOO kagucii didaut.
GuUan, St. a I'mall illaud on the ooafl of
Peru, in lat. 14 S, s mileii N of the high
laud Murru PVijn, or Old Man's Head ;
"between which ifland and the liigh land,
is a moft eligible (lation to cruifc i'ur vcf-
fels bound for Callao, N. or S.
Gallia, a county in the ftate of Ohio.
Gallatin, a county of Kentucky, con>
taintng 1078 inhabitants, 276 are llavini.
Galliitin, a pod town of Sumpttr co.
TencfTcc, 714 miles W by S from WiQi-
ington.
GuU'opol'i^, a poft town in the flate of
Ohio, fituated on a bend of the OIwo R.
and nearly oppofitc to the mouth of the
Great Kanhaway. It is faid to contain
about 100 houfcs, all inhabited i)y French
people. In Nov. 1796, many of tbc in-
habitants fell viAims to the yeHow fever,
generated, as was fuppofed, by the uuufual
^Ithinefs of the place. {Elintt.] It is 140
miles eaftward of Columbia, 300 S W of
Pittlburg, and 559 S W of Philadelphia.
N lat. 39 2, W Ion. 83 9. This town is
faid to be on the decline, their rijht to
the lands not being iuftxciently fecured.
Galoti, the Igweil of the falls on the
river St. Lawrence in Canada. Between
the neck of land ia Oalette and les Galots
is an excellent country, and no wlierc caa
there be Teen finer foredsi.
Galots, t'ijls aux, an ifland io the river
St. Lawrence, in Canada ; 3 leagues be-
yond rifle a«x Chevres, in Nlat. 43 33.
Gallo, an ifland in the province of Po-
payan, S. Ameri»:a, in N lat. 2 40. Capt.
i)ampier fays it is fttuatcd in a deep bay,
and that ofl this ifland there is not above
4 or 5 fathom watc-r ; but at Segnetta,
which is on the N fide, a vefl"el nvay ride
in deep water, free from any danger.
The ifland is high, provided with wood
and good water, and having good fandy
bays, where a fhip may be cleaned. Alfo,
the name of an ifland of the South fea,
near the coaft of Peru, which was the firfl;
place poflefled by the Spaniards, when
they attempted the conqueft of Peru.
Galloway, a townfliip in Gloucefter co.
N. Jerfey.
Gahvay, a poft town in the county of
Saratoga, N. York. ' It has 2jio inhabit-
iuit*. ^t i« W of BalUlowo.
Camile't Station, a fort about j% mil<i
from Kuoxville, in Teiieflce.
Gammon, Point, anciently called Point
Gilbert, by Goihold, fornis the eaftcrn
lidc of the harbour of Hyanis or llyennes,
in Bamnable en. MjlTachufctti.
Giinaiwque Xivcr, in U. Canada, difcharg-
cs itfclf into the river bt. Lawrence, in
tiie townlliip of Leeds. Ah high as the
firfl rapids, the fliore it bold, and the
water deep ; there is an excellent har-
bour in the mouth of the river, the wjtcr
is from iz to 15 I'eet deep in the channel,
and the current is very flow. This river
w:is called the Thamett before thcdivilion
of the province of Qijebee.
ijaiiatajla River, in U. Canada, by fome
called Petuetefcoutiang, runs into lake
* Ontario on the N fide, eaflward of Petit
Hfcors, aiKl W of Pointc aux Chevaux.
From the mouth of this river is a earry.-
ing place of about 1 1 miles, to the Rice
lake, through an excellent country for
making a road. Smyth. ,
GantieUr, a fmall ifland in the gulf of
St. LawruicL,in N lat. 48, near Bird ifland.
Gaiazu, a town in Bnzil, and province
of Pernambuco, i$ miles N of Olinda.
Giirdiinr, a poft town in Kennebeck co,
Maine, (late the weflcrly part of Pitt&
town) on the W bank of Kennebeck R.
GurJinr, a townfliip in Worceftcr ccj.
Maflachitfetts, incorporated in 1785. It
contains about 14,000 acres, well watcr>
cd, chiefly by Octer R. and 667 inhabit-
ant*. The road from Conneflieut river,
through Pttcrfham, Gerry, and Temple-
tun on to B(;(lon, paflcs through it ; 26
miles N by W of Worceaer, and jS N W
of Bofton.
GaiJiier't IJatitf, or 7^e ef Wight, lies at
the E end of Long Ifland, in N. York ftatc,
dickered within OvQcr pond, and Mon-
tauk points; 10 miles N W of the latter,
and as far S W of Plumb i.land. It con-
tains about 3000 acres of fertile land, the
property of one perfon, and yields excel-
lent grafs, wheat and corn. Fine flieep
and cattle are raifed on it. It is annexed
to E. Hampton, and lies 40 miles S wei\-
erly of Newport, Rhode Ifland.
Garrard, a county of Kentucky, lying
S E of Madifon co. on the S ftdc of Ken-
tucky R.
Gafpe, or Gaclepe, a bay and head land
S of Florcll ifle, which lies between it and
Cape Rofiers, on the E coaft of L. Canada,
and W fide of the gulf of St. Lawrence.
Gajpee, a diftricSt, and county, in L. Can-
ada, embracing the poiat of land bounded
by
n k
M
CAY
CEM
l>y t^e rlrer and gulf of St Lawrence en
the N and E, And tlic iMy of Chulcuri S
and S W. The inliabitant^, ronfifling of
Acadiani, refugee loyalifts, and difbandrd
foldicri, live chiefly in fcveral townt laid
out in 1786,00 the N lliorc of Chalcur
bay, which fee.
Cjfpee, or Namquil Point, f mile* S of
Providence, Rhode I. projetliing from the
weftcrn fliorc o( Providence R, rtmatWa-
blc as JH-in^ the place where the BriilHi
armed fchooncr, called the Gafpee, wa»
' .irnt, June 10, 177a, by about 60 men
./om Providence, painted like Narragan-
fet Indian*. For the ciiufc of this tr^nf-
atSlinn, fee Gordon's Hift. of the Amcr
Rev. vol, I. p. 311.
Gofiiefiay a tra<fl of country on the S
(ide of (he mouth of St. Lawrence K. and
on the N fide of Chaleurs biy. in \„ Can-
ada. Its K extremity is Cape Rofier*.
The IndianscallcdUafpeiians inhabit here,
dates Co, in Edenton ciiftcrn didriifl, N.
Carolina, is bounded N by the flatc of
Virginia, S by Chowan eo. It contains
j88i inhabitants, including 2688 Haves.
At the court hOufc is a pofl office, 280
miles from Wafliington. Chief (ownt
|-Iertford.
Caul/y River, about the fizc of Green-
briar, runs into the Kanhawa fome miles
above the falls on the eaftcrn fide. Its
fiaurce is unknown.
Gay HiaJ, is a kind of peninfula on
Martha's Vineyard, between 3 and 4
miles in length and 2 in breadth, and al-
ntoft feparatcd from the other part of the
illand by a large pond. The Indians in-
habiting this part, when lately numbered,
amounted to zc;,. The foil is good, and
only requires cultivation to produce mofl
vegetables in perfe«5lion. '1 here are evi-
dent marks of there having been volca-
noes formerly on this peninfula. The
marks of 4 or 5 craters arc plainly to be
feen. The mod foutherly and probably
the mod ancient, as it is grown over with
cral'g, now called the Devil's Den, is at
lead 20 rods over at the top, 14^ at the
bottom, and full 130 feet at the ild<-'s« ex-
cept that which is next the fea, where it
is open. A man now ajive relates, that
his mother could remember when it was
common to fee a light upon Gay {iead in
the night time. Others fay, their ancefters
have told them that the whalemen ufcd to
guide themlelves in the night by the lights
chat were feen uponGay Head. The fea
has made fuch encroachments here, that,
jritliia 30 year*, it baf fwe|>t oiT i^ or ap
rods, the eilremity of G.-iy Head it the 8
V point of the Vineyard. N lat. 41 20,
W Ion. from Greenwich 70 jo.
G'.t'i firiJge, Brunfwirk co. Virginia,
Here is a pofl office, 211 miks from Wallw
ington.
Cii,lemnei/)n/jiitHi, a town of the Dela»
ware Indians, on a creek of the fume
name, a head water of the Mulkingum.
This wak the norlheriimon Moravian fct-
tlrment on Mulkingum river. It lies 14
mileii N £ hy N of Salem, and 78 N wuC^-
crly of Pittfliurg.
Gtmifie, a fort on the river St. John's,
which wastiiken by the Knglifli in 1674.
Genrfcr, a townfliip in Ontario co. fj,
York, having ai7 cledors.
VtHfJtt Country, a lirge (ra<Sl of land in
the ftate of N.York, iMunuhd N and N
W by lake Ontario, S by Pennfyivania,
E by the weftern part of the military
townfliips, in Onondago co. and \V bv
lake Erie and Niagara R. It is a rich
tratSl of country, and well wi\tered by
lakes and rivers ; one of the latter, Gen-
efee R. gives name to this traiTt. It is
generally flat, the rivers fluggifli, the foil
nioift, and the lakes numerous.
Genr/pe S. rifcs in Pennfyivania, near
the i'pot which is the highcfl ground in
that (late, where the eailernmon water of
Alleghany river, and Pine creeic, a water
of Sufquchanna, and Tioga R. rife. Fifty
iniles from its fource there vre falls of 40
feet, and 5 from its mouth of 75 feet, and
3 little above that of 96 feet. Thefe falls
furiiifli excellent mill feats, which are im-
proved by the inhabitants. After a eourfc
of about 100 miles, moftly N E by N, it
empties into lake Ontario, 4^ miles E of
Irondequat, or Rundagut bay, and 80 E
from Niagara fails. The fcttlements on
Gencflec R. from its mouth upwards, are
Northficld, Northampton, Hartford, Gen-
(STee, and Williamihurgh. The laft men-
tioned place, it is probable, will foon be
the feat of cxtenQve commerce. There
will not be a carrying place between N.
York city and Williamlburgh, when the
weflern canals and locks fltall be complet-
ed. The carrying places at prcfent arc
as follows, viz. Albany to Schenedlady 16
miles, from the head of the Mohawk to
Wood creek i, Ofwego falls 2, Gcneflce
falls 2 ; fo that there are but 21 miles
land carriage ncceflTary, in order to con-
vey commodities from a tradl of country
capable of maintaining feveral millions
of people. The famous GcnelTee flats lie
on the borders qI t^i» riycn They arc
9bput
.«•■
GEN
about to milci lon^, and altoiit 4 wtde (
tlie foil i* rcmarkdlily ricli, (|uitc cleur of
trcej, producing j^rafs nc ir 10 I'cct high.
They arc moftly liic propiriy of the li»-
flians.
Gcivjfe Ci ia hounded N by lake On-
tario, "W l>y Niagara R, and Lk'- trie, S
by Pciinfylvania, E by the coiinticn of
Tioga Mu\ Oiioiid (go. It embraces the
f ouutit* of Ontario, Srcuhcn, and Ocnef-
fce, and cotitdincd, in luco, tipward* of
17,000 foijli. In the year 1789, MflTrs,
Gorham and Phcipi bought 2,100,000
acres of land in this traO^, rciTiarUablc for
its natural advantages, its fertile Toil, and
mild I'iiinatc. it is liiuly watcicd by the
Gcnein.e river and its tributary flreams,
alfo by Rtindagut, Flint, Mud and .SaU
piun creek*, and by a great number of
fine lakes, fome of winch are from ao to
40 niilcj in length. 7'he S p»rt of this
country is watered by fevcral branches of
the Suk]Uchanna, fuch as tii<* Conhocton,
Caniflco, TuCcaror.-i, and CHnanifi]iie, nil
of which are navigable from March to
July. In 1790, this country contained
only 960 fouls. A company of Holland-
ers have made a large purchafe in this
country. See fiatuvia. The oak open-
ings or plains in this country arc a great
curiofity. T'>cy arc level, two or three
miles in extent each way, and have only
a few large oaks fcattcred over them, the
under growth conliAi of ilirub oaks,
hickory, vines, flowers, and long grafs,
Thefc openings, but on a more eitenfive
fcale, extend far to the S W, and with the
fortifications found with them, evince
that this country has been foriqerly fet-
tled by a people more civilized than the
prefect race of Indians. Grew't MS.
Genejfu Co. is large, embracing the weft-
em part of the (late of N. York. See the
fibove article.
Geneva, a lake in U. Capada, which
forms the W extremity of lake Ontario ;
to which it is joined by a fhort and nar-
row ftrait.
Geneva, a poft town in Ontario co. N.
York, on the great road from Albany to
Niagara, fituated on the bank of the N W
corner of Seneca lake, about 74 miles W
of Oneida caftic, and 9a W of Whitef-
town. The Friends fettlement lies about
x8 miles below this. It has nearly ioo
lioufes, fome of them handfome, a hotel
5» feet fquare, 3 ftories high. They re-
ceive their water in pipes, from a fpring
a mile diftaut. A printing ofHce was cf-
tj^liil)c4 tiCf in 1796, where a oewfpa-
C E
per is publifiicd, fuppnrtcd, In 1798, by
nuire th.iii 1000 lublcribtrs.
C.-Hcvicje, St. or Mijj'n-, a villji'c in
I.iuiii'iana, on tlie wil'crn trink ot the
Miiril'iin»i, nearly opiiolitc to tin. viil.'^e
of Katkafkia^, 11 niilin liiiitlicrly oi J(>it
C'liaiirta, 65 mile* bt low St. l.euii*. Ac
thin {ilairita rcjiMilar tiuadrangiilar itdck*
adc, c.T,):,b'e of being (k-ldiiiid by 4CO
men. 'I'lic militja lure amount to about
180. It contained, about ao yi.irs !i;;o,
upwnrrli) of 100 lioiifts, Hud 460 inhabit-
ants, bclide negroes.
Ceiiiio Jiiii'i^f, I'owhatan co. Virginia,
Mere h a pull oilicc, 166 \\\\\c% from Walh-
J.lgtnn.
C."i-g,',, Xt, a cape and idunds nearly
oppnlUe to the i ivtr Apalachicola, on tlic
coafl of E. Florida. Cape St. ficorgi'a lies
aliout (> leagues to the eafltvard ot C^ipe
Blai/.e, being an elbow of iht iaigtftof tit.
George's iflands, in N bit. 19 38. There
is u large flioal running out from '\t a
confidrrabic way, but liow far has not yet
been afccrtainnl. Tl.c eoafV between it
and Cape Biai/,c, forms a kind of iiollow
bay, witli deep foundings and a foft bot-
tom. Tlicre are two illands to the N W
of .St. (ieorijc's cape ; that nearefl to it
is fmall, and remarkable for a clump of
Araggling trees on the middle of it ; the
other is pretty large, and of a triangular
form, and leachts within 3 leagues of
Cape Blaizc, having a paflage at each end
of it for Ittiail craft into the bay, between
thefe iflands and the river Apalachicola \
but this bay is full of flioals and cyfler
banks, and not above two or three feet
water at mod, in any of the branches o^
that river.
George, fort, was fituated on Point Com-
fort, at the mouth of James R. and 5 miles
N E of Crancy illand, at the mouth of
Eliaabeth R. in Virginia. See Comfort.
George, Fort King, au ancient (ort in
Georgia, which ftood 5 miles N E of the
town of Darien, in Liberty co. fituated at
the head of a creek which flows into the
ocean oppofite Sapelo I. It is now in ruins,
George, Lake, in £. Florida, is a dilata-
tion of the river St. Juan, or St John, and
called alfo Great Lake. It is about 15
miles wide, and generally about 15 or ao
feet deep, excepting at the entrance of
the river, where lies a bar, which carries
8 or 9 feet water. The lake is beautilitd
with two or three fertile illands. The
largeft is about 2 miles broad, and com-
mands a moft delightful and cxtenfive
profpeCt of tUe waters, iflands, £ and W
ihorca
M .' 'I
1^? :'
1
■ c t
GEO
GEd
Aor».>« of the I:ikc, the ca;)?s, th; hiy atiJ
tnnuiu RovrI ; and to tlie S the vie Is
very extcniive. Here are evident m:..i.s
ot n lirgc town pf the aboriyinea, and the
illand appears to have been once the cliuf-
en rtficJcoce of an Indian prince. On the
fiite of this ancient town ftaiids a very
pompous Indian mount, or conical pyra-
niil oi* earth, from which runs in a O^Aight
line, a grand avenue oi Indian higliway,
through a magnificent grove of ma^^no-
lias, live oaks, patiri!) and orange trecs^
ttrminating at the verge of a large, green,
ievtl favanns. From fraifments dug up,
ft appears to have been a thickly inhal;-
iteJ town. See St. y^jbaj ti-jcr. '
Genrg!, Lake, lies to the louthw^rd of
lake Ciiamplain, and its waters I'c ibo'it
JCO feet higher. The port;ige h.tvvecn
the two lakes is a mile and a half; but
with a fmall cxpenfe might be reduced
to 60 yards; and with one or two locks
might be made navigable through, for
batteaux. It is a mod clear, Ueavvtifyl
colleiSlion of water: 36 miles long, and
from I to 7 wide. It emb;>roms more
than 100 iflands, fomc fay 365 ; very few
of which arc any thing more than barren
rocks, covered with heath and a few ce-
dar, fprucc and hemlock trees, and tliru'w,
and abundance of ratllefnakcs. On eac'i
fide it is (kirtcd by prodigious mountains ;
from which large quantitic* of red cedar
are annually carried to N. York for fliip
timber. The take is full of (i.'lics, and
fomc of the bed kind, as the black or Of-
vego bafs, alfo large fpeckled truuts. It
was called lake facrament by the I'rench,
who, in former times, were at the paitis
to procure this water for facramcntal
iifes in all their churches in Canada :
hence prohably it derived its name- The
remajns of I'ort George ftand at the S end
nf the lake, about 14 miles N by W of
Fort Edward, on Hudfon river. The
famous fort of Ticonderoga, which dood
un the N fide of the outlet of the lake,
vhere it difehargcs its waters into lake
Ciiamplain, is now in ruins. See Cham'
plain and TiconJeroga.
Georges Crrek, Alleghany CO Maryland.
Here is a pod office, 152 miles from Wafli-
ington.
Gcorgf, L.iie, in U. Canada, is fituatcd
below the falls of St. Maty, and to the
northward of Muddy lake ; it is about aj
miles long.and has very fhallow water.
Giorgt'j, St. an ifland and parifli belong-
ing to the Bermuda iflej, in the W. Indies.
N l»t. 3% 45, W Ion. 63 30.
Gfor^cs St. a large and Seep bay on tbr
W fide of Newfoundland ifland. N lat.
48 11.
Gcor^e^s Biwi, St. a fifhing bank in the
Atjantic ocean, E of Cape Cod, in MaiTa-
chufetts. It extends from N to S between
41 15, and 42 2Z N lat. and between tf
jO, and 68 40 W Jon.
G.'orgt's Key, St. was one of the princi-
pal Britifli I'ettlements in the bay of Hon-
(lurn?. It was taken by the Spaniard*
duriiig the Anwrican y/ar, but retaken by
the Biitifk fooii after. Tbe Britifli fet-
tlcmcnts on tlie Mofquito fiiore, and in
llie bay of Honduras, were furrendered
to the crown of .Spain, at the Spanilli con-
vent ion, figncd at London, the J4lh of
July, 1786.
George t R. St. in St. Mary's co. Mary-
land, is a very broad but fliort creek,
whofe mouth lies between Piney Point
and St. Mary's R. on the N bank of th*
Potowmack, oppoiite the ifland of the
fa me name.
Gi-nrges R. St. in Lincoln ro. Maine, or
rather an arm of the fca, lies about %
leagues S \V of Penobfcot bay. Four
leagues fron\ the mouth of this river
dands Tliomafton. 'I'his river is naviga-
liie for brigs and Ihips of a large burden up
to the narrov/6 ; aiid from thence about 4
miles higher, to nearly the head of the
tide, for iloops and fchooncrs of 80 or 90
tons. I*^ is about half a league wide up to
the narrows. Of late feveral confidera-
ble veflels have been built in this river,
which are empIoyi,d in coading, and
fometimes in foreign voyages. There are
now owned in this river,though it does not
in all cipjeed 4 leagues ip length, i bri?,
^ topfail fcliooners, and 9 floops : In aH
about I ICO tons. 'I'he navigation, how-
ever, is generally interrupted in winter,
when not only the dreams through the
country, but the fait water rivers are
locked up until fpring. Firti abound here,
of almud all kinds, in their feafon ; and
.even lobders, tiyfters.clams, and other del-
icacies of the aqueous kind, are plenty i)i
this river.
Gm-gei, St. a village nearly in the cen-
tre of Mewcadle co. Delaware, on a
creek of its own name, which fdls into
Delaware R. 4 miles b^low, a little above
Reedy Ifland. It is 17 miles S by W of
Wilmington, and 45 S W of Philadelphia.
George's, St- the capital c*f the ifland of
Grenada, in the W. Indies ; formerly call-
ed Fort Royale, which name the fort dill
retains. It is fituated on a fpacious bay.
Gt6
eE5
ta t}% Vr fide of the iflatid, not far from
the S. end, and poHefles one of the fafefl
i^nd mod commodious harbours in the
British W. Indies, which has lately been
ftirtified at a very great expenfo, and de-
<4^r.ed a free port. This town wai deftroy-
ed l>Y a dreadful fire iii 1771, .'»n<l on N(»-
vembcr 1, 1775, it met with the like mif-
fortune : and tlie lofs was valued at
jC.^cOjOOO. Thfl town now inalces a very
handfome appearance, has a fpaclons
fquareor paradeVthe houfes arc built oi
brick, and tiled or dated ; fome few are
built of ftonfe, excepting the' wurehoufes
and dwelling houfes rounY rhe Imrbour,
which aremoftlywoodenbuildings.' Tlicle
are in a great meafute feparatcd frofli the?
town by a very deep and rocky hill, the
houfes on which.wltlithe treeswhich fcrvu
forfliadchavearonianticappcarance. The
town is computed to contain alx)ut zoo in-
habitants, many of whom are wealthy mer-
chants. This was its fitaation before the
infurredion of the negroes ; of its prefent
ftate we have not authetic information.
Gnrgi-totvn, the chief and port town of
SufTex CO. Delaware, is i6 miles W S W
of Lewiftown, and lo,^ S of Philadelphia.
It contains about 30 houfes, and has late-
ly been made the ftat ofthe county pourts.
Georgetmvn, a port town in Maryland, in
Kent CO. on the E fide of Chefaptak bay,
of about 30 houfes. It is 9 miles from
the mouth of the river SaHafras, on the S
fide oppofite to Frederick, 60 N E of
Chefter, and 65 S Wof Philadelphia.
Georgrtotvn, a pod town of Be;tver co.
J^ennfylvania, on the S E fide of Mohon-
gahela R. at the mouth of George's creek.
Here a number of boats are annually
built for the trade and emigration to the
weflern country. It lies 16 mil-^s S W of
Union,
GtorsretoiBn, a poft town and port of en-
try, in Montgomery co. Maryland, and in
the territory of Columbia. It is pleafant-
ly fituated on a number of fmall hills, up-
on the northern bank of Potowmack R.
bounded eaftward by Rock creek, which
feparates it from Wafliington city, and
lies 4 miles from the capital, and 8 N of
Alexandria. It contains pbout i.^c houf-
es, feveral of which are elegant and com-
modious. The Roman Catholics have ef-
tabliflied a college here, for the promotion
of genera! literature, which is at prefent
in a flourifliing ftate. The building be-
ing found inadequate to contain the num-
ber of ftudents that applied, a large ad-
£tion has been made to it. Georgetown
carries on a fmall trade with Europe andl
the W. Indies. The exports in one year,
ending Sept. 30, 1 794, amounted to thd
value of J 28,9;! 4 dolls. It is 46 miles S
Why W of BaUiiuore, and 148 S W of
Philadelphia. I at. 38 55 N. Ion. 3 3 W.
Got/- fi'/f)«v(, in Lincoln co. Maine, is fit-*
uated on both Jides of Kf nnebcck R. It
WH-t incorpiiiatcd In 1716, is the oldeft
town in the cotinty, and contciins i C34 in-
h.ibitantj. It is bounded fouthcrlyby the
ocean, woflcrly by the towns of Karpf-
well and Brunfwck, N wcllcrly by Eath,
and ealL-rly by Woolwich ; being cntir ly
lurroiiiidid by navigable waters, except-
ing about a miles of land, which divides
the waters of Winnagauce creek, a part
of the Kenneb«ck, from an arm or influx
of Caieo bay, called .Sfcpiipn's R. The;
ei^trance at the' month of Kennebeck R. i»
guided oil the E by Parker's ifland, be-
longing 19 this townflip. It contain*
abotit zp,oc6ii(srts of land «Tid Tiilt niarfn,.
and is tnliabittd by more than qiw third
part of tlie people of the lownfliip. This
was the fpot on which tli'j r.iiropwins firit
attempted to cotonife New F.n^land, in the
year 1607. It is a part of what Was called
Sagadiihock; and the patentees of the Ply-
mouth con.pimy began here to lay the foun-
dation of a great ftate. They fent over :i
number of civil and military officers, and
about TOO people. By various misfor-
tunes they Were forced to give up the fet-
tlcnicr.t, and in 1608, the whole number
who furvfved the winter returned to En-
gland. There was a tradition among the
Noi rid,';ewa!'-: Indians, that thefe pl.mter*
invited a number of the natives, V'ho had
come to trade with them, to draw a fmall
canon by a rope, and that when thev
were r.nnged in a line, the white people dis-
charged the piece, and thereby killed and
wounded feveral of them. I'he refent-
ment of the natives at this treacherous
murder, obliged the Europeans tore ini-
bark the next fummcr. Georgetown is
15 miles S of Pownalborough, and 170 N
by E of Bofton.
Georgeiniim, a poft town of Georgia, in
the CO. of Oglethorpe, jo miles S W of
Augiifta, furrounded by a poor country ;
but, neverthelefi, exhibiting marks of
growing profperii y.
Grori^rtotvn, a large maritime diftridl in
the lower country of S Carolina, fituated
in the N E corner of the ftate. Horry
and Marion diftridlshave lately been taken
from this diftri'ft, leaving 20,33a inhab-
itant!, of wltich 16,860 are (laves.
Ctorgetexint
iH
6t6
nt6
tietir^etoien, A poft town, port of entry,
arid ciipititl of the above didritft, is lituat-
fcd oil a fpot near which feveral flreams
unite tlicir w:ater8, and form a broad
fireairi called Winyaw bay, 13 miles from
tlie fea. See Pvdee R. Its lituation con-
net?ts it with an extenfive back country
f)f both the Carolinas, and would be a
place of vaft importance, were it not for a
bar at the entrance of Wjnyaw bay,
which interrupts the entrancie uf vefTelij
drawing above 1 1 feet water, and is in ma-
ny refpe^^ls a dangerous place. It contains
3 or 400 dwelling hpufts, built chiefly of
wood. The public buildings are a court
houi'c, gaol, and academy; 4 churches, of
which the Epifi-opalians, Baptilts, Prolby-
terians and Methodilts have one each. In
the academy, orphans aiid indigent chil-
dren are educated gratis. There is here
a fmall trade to the W. Indies. The ex-
parts, for one year, ending Sept. 30, 1795?
were to tlie valu2 of ai.^i i dollars. It U
60 miles N K by N of Charlefton, 127 S W
of Wilmingtonj.N., Carolina, and 681 from
Philadelphia'. N I'at. 33 24, W Ion. 79 35.
Ciorsria, one of the t/nited ftates of N.
/Lmerica, is fiUiated between 30 37 and
35 N lat. and between 80 8 and 91 8 W
hm. bein^ about 600 mSles in length, and
An an average' C50 in breadth. It is
bounded K by the Atlantic ocean ^ S by
E. and W. Florida ; W by the river Millt-
fipi ; N E and N by S. Carolina and the
"i'cnelTee ftatc. It was formerly divided
into pariflies, aiterwards into 3 diftridts,
but lately into' z diftridts, viz. Upper and
Lower, which artf fubdivided into 24 coun-
ties as follow : lit the Lower diftridl
are" Camden, Glynn, Liberty, Chatham;
Uryart, M'Intofh, Effingham, Scriven, and
Burke. The counties in the Upper dif-
tridl are Montgomery, Wafhington, Han-
cock, Greene, Franklin, Oglethorpe, El-
bert, Wilkes, Lincoh, Warren, JefTerfon,
Jackfon, Bullock, Columbia, and Rich-
mond. The principal towns are Aiigufta,
formerly the feat of govertiment, Savan-
nah, the former capital of the (late. Sun-
bury, Brunfwick, Frederica, Wafliington,
and Louifville, which is the metropolis of
the flate ; and here are depofited the re-
cords of the flate, fuch of them as a late
Icgiilature did not order to be publicly
burnt. The principal rivers which water
Georgia are. Savannah, which feparates it
From S. Carolina ; Ogeechee river, which
tuns parallel with the forrier, and Alata-
inaha, which runs parallel with the others,
fiefide thefc and their aumerout branches,
there !8 Turtle river. Little Sitifla, Great
Sitilla, Crooked R. and St. Mary's, which
forms a part of the fouthern boundary of
the U. States. The rivers In the middle
and weftcrn parts will be noticed under
the head of Gvorgia Weftern Tcrltory. All
thefe are ftorcd with a great variety of
fifli, as rock, mullet, whiting, fliad, trout,
drum, bafs, ca'tiifli, white, brim and ftur-
gcon ; and the bays and lagoons are fup-
plied with oyflcrs, and other fliell fifli,
crabs, flirimps, &c. The clams, in par-
ticular, are large, their meat white, tender,
and delicate. The fliark and great black
Aingray are lufatiable cannibals, and very
troublefome to the flfliermen. The chief
lake or mar(li is Ekanfanoka, by foine cal-
led Ouaquaphenogaw, which is 300 miles
in circumference. The eaflein part of
the ftatc, between the mountains and the
ocean, artd the rivers Savannah and St.
Mary's, a trail: of country more than lao
rtiilen fnnn N to S, and from 50 to 80 E
and W, is level, without a hill or ftone.
At the di (lance of about 40 or jo miles
from the fea board, or fait marih, the
lands begin to be more or lefs uneven, un-
til they gradually rife to mountains. The
vaft chain of the Alleghany or Appalach-
ian mountains, which commence with the
kaats Kilt, near Hudfon R. in the ftate of
N. York, terminate in Georgia, 60 miles S
Of its northern boundary. From the foot
of this mountain fpreads a wide extended
plain, of the richcft foil, and in a latitude
and climate well adapted to the cultivai-
tion of moft of the produdHons 6f the
fouth of Europe, and of the Eaft Indies;
In the low country, near the rice fwamps,
billious complaints and fevers of various-
kinds are pretty univerfal, dliring the
months of July, Augafl, and September ;
but the fertility of the foil, and the eafe
with which it \i ii. ^ ived, are a futhcient
inducement to fettle, a, and an unfailing
fource of wealth. Before the fvckly fea-
fon approaches, the rich planters, with
their families, remove t( he feaiflands, or
forae elevated, healthy lation, for th<f
bene(it of the frelli air. In the winter
and fpring, pleurifies, peripneumonies, and
other inflammatory diforders, occafioned
by violent and fudden colds, are confider-
ably common, and frequently fatal. Con-
fumptions, epilepfies, cancers, palfles, and
apoplexies, are not fo common among the
inhabitants of the fouthern as northern
climates. The winters in Georgia are
very mild and pleafant. Snow is felddm
or never i'oeu ; nor i« vtgctatien often pre*
veoted
GEO
GEO
vested
feixtei by fevere frofls. Cattle fubfift
tolerably well during the winter, feeding
in the woods and favannas, and arc fatter
in that fcafon than iu any other. In tlie
hilly country, which begins al>out 50, and
hi feme places 100 miles, from the fea,
the air is pure and falubrious, and the wa-
ter plenty and good. From June to Sep-
tember the mercury in Fahrenheit's ther-
mometer commonly flutStuates from 76 to
90. In winter from 40 to 60. The mod
prevailing ^inds are S W and F. ; in win-
ter N W. The E wind is warmefl in win-
ter and cooleft in fummer. The S wind
in fummer and tall piirticularly, is damp,
fultry, unelaflic, arfd of courfe unhealthy.
In the S E parts of this ftate, which lie
within a few de'grees of th* torrid zione,
the atmofphere is kept in moti<m by im-
prefTioris from the trade winds. This pu-
tifies the air ; fo tliat it U found to have
falutary eiTe<fls, on confumptiye habits.
In the low lands art the rice fields. In
the interior and hilly parts, wheat, Indian
Corn, and the other produAions more
common to the northern liites. Rice is
at prefent the ftaple commodity of the
ftate ; tobacco, wheat and indigo are the
other great articles of produce, fieftde
thefe the (tate yields cotton, filk, corn, po-
tatoes, oranges, figs, olives, pomegranates,
&c. I'he foreds confill of oak, hickory,
mulberry, pine, ceda^, &c. The whole
coaft is bordered with iflands ; the prin-
cipal «}f which are Skidaway, "WaiFaW,
QlTabaw, St. Catherines, Sapelo, Frederica,
JekyI, Cumberland, &c. TheJe i Hands
are furrounded by navigable creeks, be-
tween whi h and the main land is a large
extent of fait marfh, fronting the wlK)!e
ftate, not lefs, on an average, than 4 or 5
miles in breadth, interfedled with creeks
in varlnUi dire(5tions, admitting, through
the whole, an inland navigation, between
the iCandS and the main land, from the
N E to the S E cornftrs of the ftate. The
E ildes of thefe iflands are, for the moft
J)art, clean, hard, fandy beaches, expofed
to the wafli of the ocean. Between thefe
iflands are the entrances of the rivers
f^owi the interior country, winding
through the low fait marflies, and deliver-
ing their waters into the founds, which
form capacious harbours of from 3 to 8
miles over, and which communicate with
each other by parallel fait creeks. The
foil and its fertility are various, according
to fituatiun and different improvement.
The iflands in their natural ftate are cov-
ered with a pltotiful prov/th of pine, oak,
Vol. f. /-
hickory, live oak (an uncommonly hard
and very valuable wood) and fomc red
cedar. The foil is a mixture of fund and
black mould, making what is commonly
called a grey foil. A confidcrablc part of
it, particularly that whereon grow the
oak, hickory, and live oak, is very rich,
and yields on cultivation, good crops of
indigo, cotton, corn, and potatoes, 'i'ha
foil of the main land.adjoiningthc marftics
and creeks, is nearly of the lame quality
with that of the iflands : except that
which borders on thole rivers and creek.;,
which ftrctcli far bacK. into ihc country.
On thefe, immediately after you leave the
falts, begin the valuable rite fwamps,
which, on cultivation, allbrd the prtftirt
chief ftaple of commerce. 'J'he Ibil be-
tween the rivers, after you leave the i'cA
board, and the edge of the fwamps, at the
dtftance of io or 30 miice, changes from
a grey to a red colour, on which grow*
plenty of oak and hickory, with a con-
uderablc intermixture of pine* In fome
places it is gravelly, but fertile, and fi»
continues for a number of miles gradu-
ally deepening the rcddifli coI«)ur of the
earth, till it changes into what is called
the mulatto foil, corifilling of a black and
red earth. The mulatto lands are gen-
erally ftrnng, and yitld large crops of
wheat, tobacco, corn, &c. To this kind
of land fuccceds by turns a foil nearly
black and very rich, on which grow large
quantities of black v.aliuit, mulberry, &c.
This fuccellion of diftei ent foils continues
uniform and regular, thoitgli there are
fomc large veins of all the dilTerent foi!»
intermixed ; and what is nn)rc remarka-
ble, this fucceftjon, in the order mention-
ed, ftrctches acrofs this fbte nearly paral-
lel with the feacoaft,and extends through
the feveral ftatcs, nearly in the fame di-
rcdlion, to the banks of Hudfon river.
Cotton was formerly planted here, only
by the poorer clafs of people, and that
only for family ufe. They planted two
kinds, the annual and the IVeJl Indian ; the
former h low, and planted, every year ;
the balls are large, and the phlox'long,
ftrong, and perfetftly white. The latter
is a tall perennial plant, the ftalk foipc-
what Ihrubby, feveril of whieh rife up
from the root for feveral years fuccef-
fively, the ftenis of the former year being
killed by the winter frofls. The balls of
the W. India cotton arc not quite fo large
as the other, but the phlox or wool is '
long, extremely fine, lilky and wliite. A'
pluntatiou of this kind iwU Lft feveral
)-cars.
':■ *'■
\P
GEO
CEO
years, with moderate labour and cire.
The ctiltuc of cotton is now much more
attended to ; feveral indijjo planters have
converted their phntations into cotton
fields. A new Ipecies is about to be in-
troduced into this ftate.thc feed of which
was lately brought by Capt. Jofiah Rob-
erts from Wait uhoo, one of the Marquclas
iflands, in the S. Pacific ocean, and fent
to a gentleman in Georgia by a member
of the Hi ftorical. Society' in Bofton. This
cotton is of a vei y fine texture, and it is
txpedtcd will prove a conliderable acqui-
fitiou. to the louthern' ftates. The cotton
at prefcnt raifcd in Georgia, is diftinguiflv-
«d by fomc into fvo kinds, tlie greenand
Mack feed ; the former is planted in the
U/)J>er Country, the latter on the fca iilands
and adjacent lands, and was brought,
about the year 1788, from the Baljanias.
And there is now a profpcCl, that in a
&W years thv: (latcs of S. Carolina and
Georgia may be. able to raife more than
ten mlllioin of pounds of cotton annually
for exportation. Mod of the tropical-
fruits would (lourifli in this ftatCj with
proper attention. The S welkrn part of
this ftatc,and'the parts of E. and W. Flor-
ida, wliich lie adjoining, will, probably,
in fome future tiinf , become the vineyard
of A'nerica. The chief articles of export
are rice, tobacco, indigo, fago, lumber,
naval (lores, leather, deer Ikins, fnakc
iDot, myrtle and bees wax, corn-, and live
(lock, riie planters and farmers raife
large floclcs of cattle, from 1030 to 151 o
head, and fome more. The value in Utr-
lin;; money, of the exports of Georgia, in
the year I7,<5, was 15,744!. in 1772,
121,6771. in 1791, value in dolls. 491,472 ;
in 179a, 458,97;, ; in 179.^ 501,38.5 ; in
1794.676,154; in i796,9?o,i58; and in
i-8or, 1,854,951. In 1790, the tonnage
employed in this flatc was 28,540, and
the number of American feamen.ii,22.f.
la return for her exjjjorts, Georgia re-
ceives W India goods, tea";, wines, clotli-
injj, and dry goods of all kinds. From
the northf^rn flatcs, chcefe, filh,. potatoes,
apples, cider, and fliocs. The imports
an I exj>()rrs are principally to and frcni
Savanr: »h^ which hns a fine harlwur, and
is the pL'iec wliere the principal commar-
ci.il Ivilinen of the flntc ii tranfai^ted.
Ac^irfl'.Uijr to /.he cenfus of 1790, the
riuuibcr of iniiabitanis amounted to
}4...j4;'. of whom 29,26:4 were (laves.
The inTcafe by immigration and other-
\v\U\ h'<i been very coii'idcrable (incc.
Thfr' dilTcrcnt religioui ('t»ili» are PrcILytc-
riant, Epifcop-ilians, Baptiftis, and Meth^
odills. Tliey have but few regular min-»
ifters among them. The citizens of Geor-
gia have lately revifed and altered their
conftitution, and formc>d it upon a plan
fimilar to the federal conftitution of the
United States. The literature of this
flatc, which is yet in its infancy, is com-
mencing on a plan which, if ever carried
into circc~t, will be very advantageou* to
the flate. A college with ample and lib-
eral endowments is inftitutcd in Louif-
viik,a big!) and healthy part of the c.nin-
try, near the centre of the ftate. 'i'htre
is aifiv provifi<)n made for the inftitutiun
of an academy in each county of the Hate,
to be fupported from the fame funds, and
confidercd as parts and members of tlie
fame inditution, under the general fu-per-
intcndancc and diredtion of a prefidtnt
and board of truftees, feletSlcd for tlicir
literary accomplilhments from the dinir-
cnt parts of the (late, and invefted with
the cu(lom?ry powers of corporations.
Titis inflitution is denominated The Uni-
veiftty of Gtorgia. Tiie funds for the fup-
port of literary inftitutions are princi-
pally in lands, amounting in the whole t«»
50,000 acres, a great part of which is of
the lM;rtquHlity,-and at prefcnt very val-
uable; together witii nearly 6000!. fler-
ling in bonds, houfes, and town lots in
Augufta. Other public property to the
amount of locol. itt each county, has
been fcf apart for the purpofes of build-
ing and furuifliing their rtfpc<Slive acad-
emies. The funds originally defigned to
fvipport the literary orphan houfe, found-
ed by the Rev. George Whitefield, a few
miles S of Savannah, are chiefly in rice
plantations and negroes. On the death
of t!ie Countefs of Huntingdon,, to whom.
Mr. Whitefield beiiueathed this property,
as truftce, the legirtaturc, in the year
1791, palled a law, veiling it in 13 com-
milTioncrs.with powers to carry the orig-
inal intention of jMr. VVhiteficld into ex-
ecution; and in complimint totheCount-
cf|), titc frjiiinaiy is filled Huntingdon
Colli-'gc, The dillcrent rciigir)us fe^are
Baptills, Methodids, TreAjyterian:^, Epif-
copaiians, Ron'j.in Catholics, Quakers ;<nd
Jews. The two iirfl are the mofl numer-;
ous, and inhabit the upper part of the
flate. Tilt Epifcopalians and Prtfljytc-
rians arc abiiit ctjual in nuinlier. Tlie
C itholicb and Ji. wk have e:!ch one church..
It is greatly to be lamented by all good
men, that there are i'j fci«-. minifleis ol
education iii th'» ft't*?- i hi*._ (Litft w;ii
\ ■ ' r fiiiV
GEH
Gin
fr'ft fettled in the year 17.33, and was tlu
only colony planted at the cxpctifc of tlu
trown.
Georgirna, the name originally given in
the eharter, to a tradl of country in the
province of Maine.
Gior^t;ii!, a lo\t'nfliip in Franklin co.
Vermont, contauis ic68 inh:iSitants, It
is fituatcd on lake Chaniplain, oppnfitt
to the N end of South Hero Illand, and
joins Milton on the S, and St. Alhan'» on
the N. I.a Moillc river croflcb the S E
coincT of this townfliip.
(h-orgla., Southern, 7i chift.^r ofb.irrtn ifl-
ands, in the South Sea, and E'oi the coaft
of Tcrrii del Fiiego ; about Int. 54 ,;5 S,
and Ion. 36 30 W. One of ilieni is be-
tween 50 and 60 leagues in length. It is
a (lifntal region, the land of ice, the vales
are dcflitute of flirnhs ; coarle t;rafs, bur-
nft and lichens the only vegetal>ks.
P'ltihciion.
GiTarilJloivn, a neat little town, in Berk-
ley CO. Virginia, containing about 30 or
40 houfes ; 10 miles irava Martinlburg,
and 154 from Philadelphia.
German, a townfliip in Fayette co. Pcnn-
fylvania, has 1835 inhabitants.
Gfrntan Flats, the chief and pofb town
of Herkemcr co. N. York. It contains
J637 inhabitants. It lies on the N fide
of Mohawk river, oppofite Hcrkemer.
It is 24 miles E of Whitcftown, and 60
miles W of Schencdady. It contains 1637
inha!)itants.
Germdmit, a port town, Culpepper co.
Virginia, 8a miles from Wafliington.
Germantown, (N. York) in Coluni.)ia co.
containing 516 inhabitants. In I7y6, it
had 75 qualiHed voters.
Getmantoii'K, in Philadelphia ca Penn-
fylya.iia, is lituatcd 7 miles N of Philadel-
phia city, and was tfleemed the fecond
town in the country, until fcveial inland
towns cclipfed it, by fupcrior eftablifli-
ments and number cif inhabitants. It is
a corporation, conlifHnj chiefly yf Hijjh
and Low Dutch, and contains about 2S^
houfes, chiefly of done, fonie of which arc
large, ekgant and commodious ; built
chiefly on one ftrcct, about 3 miles in
length. The public buildings arc a Pref-
byterian, a German Calvinifl and I.Mthe-
ran church, a Fi-iend's meeting houfe,and
aa academy. Knit flockings, of cotton,
thread and worfled, are nianufadured
here by individuals to a tonfiderable ex-
tent, and of an excellent qualitj'. It is an
ancient town, pleafantly fituatcd, and by
its vicinity to the mctropoli's, wtll adapt-
ed for manufartures Here is he prin-
cipal congregation of the MeniKinifts, and
the moilieroffhat IVdl in AuKriea. 1 hey
derive their name from Menno .Simon, a
learned man t)f VVitmar.s, in tiirmany,
oneof the reformers, born in IJC5. yc^mc
of his followers came into Pcnnfylvania,
from N. York, in 1692. There aie .>h:wX
4C00 of them in ttie ftp.tc. They tlo nor,
like the Tunkcrs, bdieve in gtmral fal-
vation ; yet, like thtni, thiy will neither
fwcar nor fight, nor Ixar any civil oflicc,
nor 00 to law, nor take intcrtfl for ruoney,
though many bicaktlut rule. Tiny ul'c
grtj't I'lainnefs in thiir drefs, &c. and
pra«!^ile many of the fites (jflhe primitive
Chn-ftian church. 'Iliis town is alfo ren-
dered famous, by the battle fought in it,
on the 4th of OiS. 1777.
Gcrmnntoton, x poll town, and the cap-
ital of Stokes CO. N. Carolina. It is litii-
ated near the Town Fork of Dan river,
and contains a court houfe, gaol, and
about 30 houfea. It is 528 miles S W by
S of Philadelphia.
(Jirmi!iitL-:iii, the chief town of 'Hyde
CO. in Newbern dlflrict, N. Carolina
Germany, a town in Adims co. Pcnnfyl-
vania, has 1013 inliabiiants.
Cerrar.l, a county of Kentucky, con-
taining 6083 inlinbitants, of wlioni 1234
are flaves.
Gerrijh IJl.tnd, a fmall ille near Cane
Neddoek, clofe to the jnaiii huid of llic
diflriifl of Maine.
G. »•/•_)', a torrnHvip in Worccflcr eo. Mal-
lachufetts. It was incorporated in 17^6,
and c<MUains 14OCO acres of land, ou
which arc 8c2 inhabitants. It is }z milts
N W of Worctfter, and 66 N W by W of
Boflon.
Gdt'^f.i:irgb,.\ fmall pofl town in Adam.i
CO. Pc'nnfylvania, Gtuaied at tiie head of
Rock Creek, one of the head waters ol tiie
Monococy, and contains about 30 houfes.
It is y miles N of the Marylind line, B
miles from Millerflown, 15 ironi Ablxnf-
town, 36 fiom Williamfport in Maryland,
and 118 \V by « of Philadelphia.
GilAatvayt, .nn Indian tribe icllding in
IT. Canada, on the E fide of Detroit R.
opj)olitc to Port Gibralter.
Gibraltcr, an ancient town in the prov-
ince of Venezuela, in Terra Firma. It is
fitnated on the S cadern fide of Mara-
caibo lake. 'I'he country iu its vicinity
is well watered with rivers, and bears tl)e
bcfl quality of cac«o, and very large ce-
dars. The bed Spanifli tobacco is made
lierc, called Taba^o dc Manlcaibo, from
whicU
%l
il i
II
i
GL A
GLO
; I
I,
wliifh the valuable fnufTis made, vulgar-
ly cailcii Maciabii liiulV. I'lie air, \wv,-
evcr, is fo unhciilthy, that very few l»ut
labuurcrii live in the town ; the wealthier
fort rclorting to Merida or Mara'caiUo.
OiJialur ^oint, in U. Canada, is the
•wtftcrn extremity of a fand baulc, which
forms the harbour of York, and upon
■which block houfcs arc ercdlcd for its
defence. 'I'hcre is another place of this
name on tlic fide of lake Memphramagog,
in the town of Bolton in L. Canada.
Gil', a townfliip in Hampfliire co. Maf-
fachufctts, on the W bank of Couneiflicut
R. a little below the mouth of Miller's R.
on the oppofitc tide. It is 90 miles from
Boflon, and contains 700 inhabitants.
Gilkri, an ifland on the coaft of W.
Florida, is divided from Dauphin iflnnd
by a narrpw channel, throiyjh which a
boat may pafs with fome difficulty ; and
between Giliori and the main land, aa
the W fide of Mobilt: bay, there is a chain
of fmall iflands, and oyftcr fliells, through
which is a pafl*age of 4 feet called PafTe
au Heron,
Gilmaiitoivn, a port town in StrafFord co.
N. Hampfliire, S W of lake Winnipifco-
gee, and 51 miles N W of Portfmouth.
It was incorporated in 1727, and contains
3752 inhabitants. One term of the court
of common pleas is annually held in this
town.
Gilfoii, a townfliip in Chefliire co. N.
Hampfliire, containing 484 inhabitants
It is on the |^ fide of Alliuelot ft. and
joins Keene on the S.
Ginrrer JJIaitd, one of the fmaller Virgin
ifles, litiiated Victween the Round Rock on
the N, and Cooper's ifle on the S, betvirecn
^vhich is the King's channel. N lat. i8 5,
W Ion. 62 53.
Ghty's Tutvn, an Indian village in the
N. W. territory, near the head of the
irivigable water or landing on St. Mary's
R. wlurc the Indians ceded at the treaty
of Greenville, a traiil of a miles fquare to
the U. States.
GA:i/t JioaJ, at Bonncts's tavern, 4 miles
from Bedford, on the road from Phila-
dtlphia to Pittfbutgh Forks; the fouth-
ernniott is caikd the Glade Road ; the
northernmoft the Old, or Forbes's Road,
and goes by Ligonier. Thcfe roads unite
a8 miles from Piitlburgh. In ttic Glades,
A tradl of country at the entrance of the
All*ghany mountains, they cannot raife
corn, as the earth ia fubjeift to fro(t from
Si-pt. to June.
Qia^y iiicd, a finall {\ream trhich flows i
thrffliigh tlie E bank of Little Miami R,
in the N. W. territory.
Glaizr, An, a S S W brand) of the Mi-
ami of the Lake, which interlocks with
St. Mary's R. By the treaty at Green-
ville, the Indians have cidcd to the U.
States a. tfatH: of land 6 miles I'quare nt
the head of its navigable waters, and 6
miles fquare at its confluence with the
Miami, where Fort Dr^ancc now ftandM.
Gtiifgoiv, a new county in Newbern dif-
tricl, N. Carolina, taken from Bobbs' co.
It is bounded N by Edgcomb, S by Le-
noir, E by Pitt, and W by Wayne.
Gliifshorougb, a village of N. Jerfey, 20
miles S E from Philadelphia, containing
about 20 houfes, an Epifcopal church, and
a glafs manufaiSlory, in which from 50 tQ
100 people are employed.
Gliijlunbury, a townfliip in Bennington
CO. Vermont, having only 48 inhabitants^
It \\ai good intervale lands, and lies N £
of Bennington, adjoining.
G/aJloniurv, a handfome little town in
Hartford co. ConneAicut, fituated 01^
the E fide of ConncAicut R. oppofite to
Wcathersiield, and of which it formed a
part until 1699. It has 2718 inhabitants.
In the townfliip are 2 meeting houfcs ; and
on Roaring Brook and other fmall dreams
are 17 mills pf difTerent kinds and i forge.
Glcngary Co. in \J. Canada, is bounded
on the E by the line w}iich divides Upper
from Lower Canada ; on the S by the
liver St. Lawrence, and on the W by the
tov/nfliip of purnwall. running N 24° W,
until it interfetSls the Qttawa or Grand
R. thence defcending the faid river until
it meets the divifional line aforefaid.
Glengary county comprehends all the
iilands contiguous to it in the river St.
Lawrence. The greater part pf it fronts
%he St. Lawrence.
Gloiicefer Houfe, belonging to the Hud-
fpn's bky company, is fltuated in New
South Wales, on the N fide of the waters
which form a communication through a
chain of fmall lakes, between Winnipeg
lake and Albany R. Henley Houfe lies
N E of this, nearer the mouth of Albany
R. in James' bay, N lat. 54, W Ion. 87 30.
Gkucejlir, or Cape Ann, a to>vnfliip in
Eflex CO. Maflachufstts, whofe E point
forms the N fide of the bay of Maflachu-
fctts. It contains 5313 inhabitants, and
is divided into 5 pariflies, and has befide a
fociety of Univerfalifts. This is a port
town and port of entry. The harbour is
very open and accefFible to large fliips ;
and i» one of the muft coullderable iifliing
*own« in tii
^arbour, pro
annually froi
.S(juani and Si
the bay fiflu
fpirit, and t
ports for one
amounted in
Thatcher's 1(1
of equal hpip
of the townfli
the continent
very rarely
There is a vc
for making gl
ed by a bati
1795' It is :
and 34 N E t
Gloucefier, tl:
and the large
Ifland, being 1
lingly and Tin
Douglefs and
N, Smithfield
Rhode Kland,
habitants.
Gloacijier Co
by Burlington
laud, and Ca]
Atlantic ocean
Its length on 1
miles, and on
miles. Great
crs are both
tons about 2C
See E^ Harb^
into DelawarJ
fmall veflels,
inouths, and
rings, and pe
are Red BankJ
jflands. The]
the hiflory of I
defperate def]
made, to prej
pafling up tcJ
this county I
loam, and the|
aware is in
The chief prol
hay, corn, lun
is divided int,
bury, Wateri
Townfliip,
Greenwich, \\
Galloway,
ware, and til
Mulicus rivcl
Burlington, a[
yeiTeli; of ^ol
GLO
towns in tlic commonwealth. At the
^arboiir, properly lb called, arc iiltetl out
annually Iruni 60 to 70 bankers ; and from
Squani and Sandy bay, two tmall out ports,
the bay fiHicry is carried on witli great
fpirit, and to a large amount. 'I'lie ex-
ports for one ye.ir, ending Sept. 30, 1794,
amounted in value to 229,613 dollars.
Thatcher's illand, on which are two lights
of equal height, |ics cloi'c to the 8 K liJe
of the towniliip, which is itl'tlf joined to
the continent by a beaei^ of fauil which is
very rarely overflowed by the water.
There is a very fine white fand here, lit
for making glafs, 'i'lic harbour h liel'end-
ed by a battery and citadel erected in
1795. It is 16 milcH N £ by E of iSalem,
and 34 N £ of Boflon.
Glouce/ier, the N weftcmmoft townfliip,
and the largeft in Providence co. Kluule
Ifland, being ii-^ miles fquare, having Kil-
IJngly and Tliomplbn, in Connedicut, W,
Douglefs and Uxbridge in Maflachuletts,
N, Smithfield £, and Scituate and FoRer,
Rhode I (land, S ; and contains 4009 in-
liabitants.
Gloacfjier Co. in N. Terfey, is bounded N
by Burlington co. S by Salem, Cumber-
land, and Capp May counties, £ by the
Atlantic ocean, and W" by Delaware R,
Its length on the Delaware Is about 3Q
miles, and on the fea the line is about %%
miles. Great and little Egg harbour riv-
ers are both navigable for veflels of 200
tons about 20 miles from their youths.
See Ee^ Harbour. The ftreams which fall
into Delaware river are navigable fof
fniall veflels, a fe^v miles up from their
piouths, and afford fome fliad, rock, her-
rings, and perch. The adjacent iflantls
are Red Bank, Pett, and Old Man's Creek
iflands. The firft of which is famous in
the hidory of the American war, lor the
defperate defence the garrifon upon it
made, to prevent the Britifli fleet from
paflTmg up to Philadelphia. The foil of
this coutity is a mixture of fand and
loam, and the tradt bordering (m the Del-
aware is in a high fiate of cultivation.
The chief produ«fVions are beef, pork, lifli,
hay, corn, lumber, butter, cheele, &c. It
is divided into 10 townfliips, viz. Wood-
bury, Waterford, Newtown, Gloucefier
Townfliip, Gloucefter Town, Deptford,
Greenwich, Woolwich, Egg Harbour, and
Galloway. The firft 8 lie along the Dela-
ware, and the other two on the ocean.
Mulicus river divides this county from
Burlington, and is navigable ao miles for
yelTeli of Oo toos. Mtturicc river rile*
GNA
l-.crc,nins foutherly about 40nu1es through
Cumberland co. into iJelaware hay, is nav^
ig-ible for veflels ot 100 tons 15 miles, ant}
for Ihallops 10 miles farther. It contain*
16,115 inhabitants, of whom (>i aie flavts.
There arc found ii) this county quantitit*
of bog iron ore, which is nuinutnChired
into pig and bar iron, and hullow ware.
Here is alio a glal's hoiife. Cliiff town,
Woodbury, 9 miles S of Philadelphia.
(.Uriiicijli-i-, a i'niall town in the above
county, on the £ fule of Dclaw:ire river,
3 inile-i below Philadelphia. It was for-
merly the county town, but has now
fcarcely the iippearauce of a village.
OVoi«.vy/, / , a port town in Virginia, in the
county of its own namp, on a \ioint of lar.d
on the N lide of York river, partly oppo-
lite York Town, 17 miles diilant.
Gloucejler Co. in Virginia, is fertile and
well cultivated, boundj^d N by Piaiikitaiik
river, which feparalcs it from Middlciex,
£ by Mathews co. and Chelapcak bay, N
W by King and Queen, S and S W bj?
Y'ofk river, >vhich divide* it from York
CO. It is about SS miles in length, and 30
in breadth, and contains 3272 tree inhab-
itant»r and 4909 Haves. Ihc low lands
here produce excellent barley, and Indian
corn, the ftaple produce of the'cOunty.
'^'obacco is little attended to.
Gloucefter Houfi:, ia the territory of the
Hudfon s bay company, is on the N fide
of Miifquacobafion lake, 120 miles W of
Ofnaburgh houic. M lat. 51 24, W Ion.
8659.
Ghucejler Fort, or Point aux Pint, in U.
Canada, the firft point on the N fliorc of
the narrows, leading from lake Superior
to the falls of St. Mary.
Gkuctjlcr Toivnjhip, in the county of
Dundas, in U. Canada, is the 7th townfliip
in afcending the Ottawa river. It lies
eaftward of, apd adjoining the river I^on-
deaji. Smyth.
Glover, a townfliip in Vermont, in Or-
leans CO. N £ of Craftfborough, adjoining.
It has 36 inhabitants.
Glynn Co. in the lower diftridt of Geor-
gia, bounded E by the ocean, N by Alata-
maha river, which feparates it from lib-
erty CO. and S by Camden co. It contain*
1374 inhabitants, including 1092 ll^ir^,
Chief town, Bruniwick.
GnadinhueUen, or Gnatfenltitirn, a fettle-
ment of the Moravians, or United Breth-
ren, on Mufkingum R. oppofite to Salem,
in the lands which belonged to the Ma-
hikan Indians. In 1 746 it was a pleafant
town, inhabited by Cliriftiao Indiana,
>vher*
I
IP *l
!5
Got.
■wlicre were :i cliapcl, iiiifl*ionaiy's I'oufc,
:uul many In»lian hoiilcs. 'I'liis, tcjjotlicr
witli Scliofiibrftn and .Salctn, were rtlVrv-
cii l»v C'lmgrcCs, by .'in ordin;iii(?L',MHy JO,
J7S.?, tor the Cbriftiiiii Indians fonnpily
IVrtkd there ; Sept. 3, i7S8,it was rcfi'lv-
*d that the plat ol cacli town flioulJ make
lip i)000 acres, and the j^raiit w is made to
the United lliethrcn for propa^atin;; the
j^olpcl am(ni|i the hcillicn. Alio flu' r.aiut;
vi a Moravian i'cttlcnicnt on 'he S W Iv.nlc
of 1-chigli river, in l'«'nn(ylvania, alicut
2y miles N W ol' BKhlrhem.
Gniuli-nhuiitcn, Xcir, a Moravian fctt!c-
nient on Huron river, which rini!* iS t^fl-
erly into lake tit. Clair, in the i-onntr of
Wayne It is ahoiit 22 rnies from lake
St. Clair, and :^ N W ot Detroit.
Gnnt IJtainf, in the ftate of R. Ifland, a
fmall illot, oppolitc to tht: towp of New-
port, and on which is l-'ort Walliington.
The fort h:is bcei» lately rspaired, and a
4Mtadel erected hi it. The fort has been
ceded to the United States.
Goavc, Le Petit, one of the W jurifdic-
tuins of 8t Domingo. It contains 5 pat-
iflies, is the unhealthieft part of the colony,
the inhabitants being i'ubjetS. to cOtlTli-int
fcvcrj, pccafjoned by the badnefs of the
waters. Its dependencies, however, are
healtiiy, and remarkable for the cnltiirc
rf coffee. Exports from Jan. I, I'Sj, to
Dec. 31 of the lame year, 27,090 lbs. white
fugar ; 655,187 lbs. bn,"r. n; 807,865 lbs.
coffee ; 50,053 lbs. cotton ; and 210 lbs.
jftdigo. The town of the fame name is fit-
vatcd on the narrowcfl part of tJie S weft-
em peninfula, on the N fide of the neck.
Gotlans, Point au, a promontory on the
N fide of lake Ontario, about 33 miles S
W of Fort Frontinac.
Goffsto-u'H, in Hillfbormigh co. N. Hamp-
fliiro, on the wertern bank of Merrimack
R.«<; miles from Amuflceag Falls, and 60
miles W of Portfmontji. It was incorpo-
rated in 1761, and contains 1612 inhabit-
ants. Some pieces of baked earthen ware
have been found in this townfliip, from
which it is I'uppofed that the Indiiuis had
learned the potter's art ; but of what an-
tiqnitv thcfe remnants are, is uncertain.
GoMtH IJi.inil, lie.i at the mouth of the
"riwr or gulf of Daricn, in the province of
'Terra Firnia, in S. America. N lat. 9, W
Ion. 77 10.
G.-!J Riv.-r, fitnated in Terra Firma, on
the irthmus of Daricn, fouthward of the
river Santa Maria ; affording much gold
•«uft, from whence it has its name.
■' <Ui>'-ifecrtt!gh, a pcfh town in Hancock co.
GOO
Maine, C0Ti(aini:i;; 379 inli;i1'itinf«. It
was incorpor.'itcd in i;!-l9,is thc.'ieallcrn-
niofl town in the CO. (hi the waters of
its harbour is the town of Wafliinj^on.
It is 47 miles eallcrly of Fennhfcof, liH .S
I: of i'onland, and 330 N E of Dofton. N
lat. 44 19-
Gi'liifcits, Brunfwick co. Virginia. Here
is a pofl office, 207 mile* t'roiii V\^■^flling^on.
G(il/''jii<;to/i, the chief town of Walliiu;^-
ton I'o. (it'orgia, is fitoatid near the lusd
of <)g"echee R. about 26 miles E S K of
Oc.'ontp town, ^7 ^ W of Au^fiifla, and
50 N W of I.onilville.
Gwnvr, an illand in the bay of I.cogaiic,
in the weftcrn part of the ifland of .St. To-
niinj^. It is 14} leagues loixg, and uni-
formly about 3 broad, except a very
fmall part at each extremity. Pttiie Co-
nave, an ifle about 2 miles each way, it
fcparatcd from the S i'. corner of the for-
Mier, by a channel 3 miles wide. Gonave
is 13* leagues W by N W of Port aa
Prince ; and its W point is 33-^ leagues E
by N of Cape Dame Marie.
Gonnives, a feaport jn the fame illand,
at the head of a hay of its own name, <in
the north fide of a bay of Lcogane. 'Jhe
town is fitnated on the great road from
Port de Paix to St. Mark, 16 leagues S I-:
of the former,and 15 N by E of the latter.
N lat. 19 27, W Jpn. from Paris 75 i 30.
Gtocb/aiiJ>a.co'\n Virginia,funoundedby
I.ouifa, Fluvanna, Henrico, Hanover, and
Powhatan counties. It is about 40 miles
long and 14 broad, and contains 4893 free
Inhabitants, and 4803 flaves. At the court
houfc is a poft ofBce, 142 miles from
Wallilngton.
Gcod Htfr, a Danifli colony in \V.
Greenland, in Nlat. 64.
Goofe Creei, a river which falls into the
Potowmac, about a mile S E of Thorpe, in
Fairfax co. Virginia.
Gotfeheny MaimtaiM, in N. York, lies on
the W bank of Hudfon's R. about 4 mile*
S of Fort George.
Gvofeberry JJl,uids and Rficks, on the coaft
of Eflex CO. Maflachufetts, have been the
occalion of the lofs of many vahuiblc vef-
fels. To prevent fuch accidents in future,
fcamen may attend to the following par-
ticular information, which is here inlert-
cd for their benefit. The N part of
Goofeberry great rock with the N of Cat I.
bears S 54 W from the beacon on Baker's
I. 'I'hc weftcrn Goofeberry S 41 W, the
diftaiice nearly three fourths of «. mile.
■J'he northern part of the wtftcrn' Goofe-
berry is Ticv.'cd from the beacon over the
point;
point tf land run
eifternOool'eberr
fiioal as far aa the
c illern brc.iker 11
ern breaker S 29 1
is about thefame d
as the woftern C
Ooofebcr-y falls \
tan appears S 3
S 3 W, at the dift:
ncrpartofC.it 1. i
beacon, and with
ward the GDofche
minutes. The w
tends from 2H to ;
ji to 31. H:ila
con from Cat I. i
G-jre rjliruf, dxlci
his lad voyage.
Gvp-ontti.', a re;
the N rtiore of la'
da, lying at a fm;
Vy of the point wl
bay, to the fouttr
rock is liolbw, w
Cnrta Rf Mm
Pacific OrcaiiN
G'^r^w 7, iv fnfil
W of the coaft ol
Gorh.: n, a poft
Maine, on the N
mi Ins from Pepp(
of the river, and
ton. It w.-is in
has 2503 inlia'rtit
Gijfth^ijc.'oiieiicl'^
confifting of ,
banks of ti.e
#ij hdbh .Uon of
thefc birds that
G<i%jxdd To-amfi
is fitnated upon
Morfea.
Go/her, a tow
Ma(rachufcttg,b
Con»vay, 14 tTi'l
and iii Wby ^
porated in 178:
itant.s.
Gajh.'n, a tow
part in Addifon
CO. adjoining to !
miles N E by E
Gi/ben, a U)WI
fylvania, has 96
Gnfuen, atowi
Befticut, faraou
eellent cheef
Litchfield, &nd.
60?
GRA
pint tf land running out from it. The
tiftern (Jourcberry l>ears S l6 W, and It is
fliual as far as the wcRern breaker. TIic
t litem brc i!ccr lies S 35 i', and the wc(l<
ern breaker S 29 E. The eaftcrn breaker
is about thefame <li(lance from the beacon,
as the woftern Ouofeberry, but caftern
Guofebcr-y falls within thatdidmcc. Sa^
tan appears S 34 W, and hilfway rock
S .-5 W, at the diftancc of i{ miles Ihc in-
ner part ofC.it I. is above I miles froui tiic
beacon, and with the beacon, to tl>e fouth-
ward the Goofeberiy rock beiirs only iz
minutes. 'I'he wcftcrn dry breaker ex-
tends from 2^ to 33; and tl»e caitern from
51 to 31. Hali'wuy rock with the bea-
con from' Cat I. is 65 to the fuutliward.
G'jy fjl.inif, difcovered !»y Capt. Cook, in
his latt voyage. N lat. 64, W Ion. 1 69.
Gn-yontti.f, a rci.iark.'.blv high rock, on
the N iliore of lake kSuperinr, in 17. Cana-
da, lying at a fmall diftance, and fouther-
Yf of tlie point v/hich forms Michipicoten
bay, to the fouthward and e'lllward, the
rock is I'.ollow, with' an opening into it.
Gortii .?,' Maria la, a fmall iftand in the
Pacific Of^eauN lat. a6 35, W Ion. 135.
(7'»-!;'»''7, 'A fm'ill illand about I4 miles
W of the coaft of Peru, S lat. 3 20.
Gorb.: », a poil town in Cumberland co.
Maine, on the N F. Tide of Saco river, rj
miles from Pepperelborougli at the mouth
of the river, and 130 miles N by E of Eof-
ton. It wn? ii>ct)r|>orated in 1764, and
has 2503 inhabitants.
Gufr.h^tfdjiinicl', a town of thcDelawares,
eonfiiling of 3 villages lituaicd on the
banks rf tiie Oliio. Its name fignities
the Libit .:ion of crrls, from the number of
»hefe birds that refort h'-re.
GoifiM To-umjbip, in EiTex co. U. Canada,
is fituated upon l.ake Eric, and lies W of
Morfea.
Gajhcn, a town'Tiip' in Hampfliire co.
Maltachufctts, between Cummington and
Con'vay, 14 miles north of Northampton,
and 1 1 2 W by N oi Bofton. It was incor-
porated in 1 7 8 1 , and contains 7 24 inhab-
itants.
Gafi.'n, a townfliip in Vermont, lying
part in Addifon co. and part in Caledonia
CO. adjoining to Salilbiiry on the W, and 21
miles N E by E of Mount Independence.
Gofhtn, a townftiipin Chefter co. Penn-
fylvania, has 966 iniiabitaoXs.
Gojhen, atown in Litchflcld co. Con-
■edlicut, famous for the produvflion of ex-
cellent chsefe. It is 7 miles N W of
Litchfield, and. hat 1493 inhabitants.
Cfjh-n, the mod confiderable tdwrri«(
Orange co. N. York, about 58 miles N o£
N. York city, ao W by 3 of New Wludfor,
and 30 W by S of FiHi Kill. This town
is pleafantly licuated, containing about Co
or 70 conipaill houles, an academy, court
houfe, gaul, and Prefbyterian church.
The townfliip contains 2563 iuhabitautt.
Here is a pod oflice.
Gojhtii, in l.oudon co. Virginia, where Is
a pnfl ollk'v'i 37 miles froin U'iill.iiigton.
Ci fjii, a town in Kenucbeck co. Alaiu*
hrts 270 inhubitanti.
ajh/Jhuik, a Moravi.an fottlcmcnt in
Pennl'ylvania, (ituated on Alltghany river,
about i^ miiej abO'»'e Ve:i.7'!igo, or Fort
I'ranldiu.
Gofimt, formerly railed A^plchrf, a
fiilitu^lown on .Star Itlaml.one uftlic illea
of .Shoal >, belongini' to l<.(>ckiii.;Iiam o.
N. HampHMrt, containing 8j iiii».il)ltant.<.
It lies about 12 miles £ S E ol Pilcataqua
h.trbour. .See HhoaU.
Gotham, a fmnll vill:ig<; in Marvland,
about 4 or 5 miles north of li.iltimorc city.
Gov.tndire, a li:'.y on the coatl of Chili.
Gozv.'n't Star.', Ill Greenville co. N. C'.'ir-
oliua, where is a poll ollite 536 niilc^
from Walliington.
G/tv.'r Ta'.vnfiif), lies on the W. (ide ^^i
the river l<adeau in U. l-'anada, and is the
fecond towaihip ia al'cendiog that rive.".
Smyth.
Gracias a Do't, a towli belonging to the
province of Honduras, or Comaiagua, and
audience of Guatimala. It is fiti ated at
the mouth of a river upon a rocky moun-
tain, which has I'ome gold mines in i;s'
neighbourhood'. It was built the fame
year as was Vallidolid, the capital, (froiu
whick it lies about 27 leagues to tiie VV)
for the fecurity of the miners. Alfo a
cape on this coad difcovered by Column
bus, Nlat. 14 36, W Ion. 84 12.
Grafton, a town in Windham co. Ver-
mont, chartered by the name of Tomlinfe/i,
the alteration of ihe n.ame made in 1791.
It contains 1149 inhal)ilants, and lies W
of Rockingham, adjoining.
Grafton Co. in N. Hampihire, is bound-
ed N by Can.ida ; S by the counties of
Strafford, HilUborough and Chclhire ; W
by the ftate of Vermont, and E by the dii-
triifl of Maine. It comprehends nearly
as much territory as all the other foui*
counties, but is by no means fo iliickly
fciitled. It is divided into 50 town(hipii»
and 17 locations, and contains 23,093 in-
habitants.
Crjftvitj a. poll towii in the ca. of its
name
m
I.J »i
GkA
CRA
iame In N. Mampfljirc, 13 miles 8 F. i)f
Dartmoiitl) college, and ly S W of I'ly-
tnoiith. It w:i!i incori>orated in 1778, and
Coiitain'i 681 inliabitantit. Lapis fpt'culor'u,
commonly culled iling glalli, of the bcft
Quality, is found in thiit town, in a moun-
tain about 20 miles eadwardof Dartmouth
college. It ill found adiuring to the rcclcR
of white or yellow (juartz, and Iving in
laminx, like flieets of paper. It is found
in other placcD in the llattf in I'mallcr
pieces.
Grafton, the Haffananiifco of the Indians,
n towndiip ia Worccftcr co. Malliichu-
I'etts, containint' 98? inhabitants ; 40
miles S W of Bofkon, 8 calkriy of V\'orcel-
ter, and 34 N W of Providence.
GVa/V/q-ir, Fort, Aands on tlie N fide of
the moutli of Holllon river, in 'rcnellee,
ai miles below Knoxville.
Cniingfr, a CO. in the diftriift of Hamil-
ton, Tenc [Tee, formed of parts of the coun-
ties of Knox, JefTcrfon and Hawkins. It
IS bounded N by Virginia and Kentucky.
(ts principal waters aic }I<>l(\on, Clints,
and Powells rivers. Chief town Rntledge.
It has feveral huge nnmntains, between
which the vallevs are very fertile. It
Contains 7367 inliabitants, of w!»om 496
are flaves.
Gniifu, L'Ance Ij, a fcttrcment iri Lou-
iftan-a.
OrufictJa, or (jrenada, the moft foutherly
^ the Caribbee lOands in the W Indies,
fitnat^d between 11 58 and 12 20 N lat.
and between 6i ao and 61 35 W Ion.
about 20 leagues N W of Tobago, and ao
N of New Andalufia, on the continent of
America ; 30 leagues S W uf Barbadocs,
and 70 from Martinico. Its extreme
length is about 28 miles, and its breadth
13 miles. It contains about 80,000 acres
inf fand ; of which (although no lefs than
72,141 acres paid taxes in 1776, yet) the
qliantity under cultivation never exceed-
ed 50,000 acres. The face of the coun-
try is mountainous, hut not inaccefTible in
any part ; and it abounds with fprings
and nvulets. The exports of the ifland
sndits dependencies in 1776, were valued
at the ports of fltipping, to be worth
600,000/. (lerling. The fugar was the
produce of 106 plantations ; and they
were worked by 18,293 negroes ; which
was more than a hogfliead of Mui'covado
fugar of i6cwt.from the labour of each
ntgro, old and youiig, employed in its cul-
tivation and manufa«5liire ; a return une-
ffualled by any other Britidi ifland in the
W, ladies, St. Chr>{luphei'« excepted.
The exports of 1787 were inferior ; iy
the prices in London, the value <,f the
cargoes was, however, ;C.6i4,9o8 9 3 and
conlifted of the following articles fliippcd
oir in i88 vellcls, viz. I75,548cwt. 9lbj.
fugar ; 670,390 galls, of rum ; 4300galln.
nu)laires : 88i3cwt. 2qrs, 4lbs. coftce ;
27i6cwt. 3iir8. iSlbs. cocoa; 2,062,427
lbs. cotton ; 2810II1S. indigo ; btljde liidts,
dying woods, &c. The exports to the
American States, included in the above
aim, amounted to ^'.24,597 4/- 'l'ln» i'l-
and is divided into lix parilhci, St.
CJcoroe, St. David, St. Andrew, St. P.itritk,
St. Mark, and St. John ; and its chief de-
pendency, Cariacou ilhind forms a 7tlT
parilh. Delidc St. George's, the capit.1l,
the other towns are inconfiderabie vil-
lages, generally fituated at the bays or
lluppiug places in the feveral panllies.
Betide the capital, Grenville,.or La Bay, is
a port of entry, with diftindl revenue' of-
ficers, independent of St. George's. '1 he
white population has decrcafed conlider-
ably iiucc Granada and the Granadiues
were in pofleflion of the BritiHi. In 1771
there were above i6oo ; in 1777 only
1300, and now there are not above 1000 ;
of which number, two thirds are in-
corporated into five regiments of militia,
including a company of free blacks or
mulattoes, attached to each. There are
likewife about 500 regidar trbops on the
Britifli elfabliflirtient. The free people
of colour amount to 1 1 ij. In 1 785 there
were 23,926 negro (laves. The above
was the (late of the illand prior to the
late infurreiftion. A chain of mountains
crofles the ifland from- N to S. The air it
good ; and the foil fruitful in all produc-
tions common to the climate. Several uf
the rivers have their fource in a lake of a
circular form, called Grand Etatig', in the
higheft ground la the ifland. The high
road which runs nearly the whole length
of the ifland it very near it ^ and on the
oppofite fide of the road, in this elevated
fpot, is a genteel tavern, for the accommo-
dation of travelfers. Here the air is al-
ways cooled by refrefliing breezes ; and
the pfofpect is. delightful and extenfive.
On the fea coaft, about half way from St.
George's to Goavc, fome-of the high rock*
are formed into bafaltic columns from 20
to 30 feet high, and appe::r like reguhif
mafon work, impaired by time. Granada
was difcovered by Columbus in his third
voyage in 1498 The Caribbecs were
a numerous and warhke people, who hap-
pilv rcm-iinod in peaceful obTcurity until
rUe
cra
CRA
fki y^r i6jo ; foon after which t1i«
Freoch.by aferiet of enormities, cxtcrmin*
ated that devoted people. Granada
wu ceded to Great Britain in 1763, wat
taken by the French during the Amer-
ican war, and at the peace uf 1783 wai
reflorcd to Great Britain.
Granada, a town of Nicaragua and ail-
dience of Guatim.ila, in S. America. It i>
fcated 70 milet from the fea, on a lake of
the fame naine« by means of which the
inhabitants carry on a great trade. John
David, a Dutchman, pillaged this town
in the lafl century with 90 men, when
oppofed by at leaft 800 inhabitants. N
lat. uaB.Wlon. 87.
Granada, Naiu, a province of Terra Fir-
ma, S. America. It contains mines of
gold, copper, and iron. Santa Fc dc fia-
gota is the capital.
Granadilloet, or Grenadinet, a knot of dan-
gerous illands, and rocks near the lee-
ward idands, Where the greaied channel
is but 3 or 4 leagues broad. They lid
about the i8th degree of latitude, and are
a range of fmall illands and rocks depen-
dent on Granada. This archipelago,
whofe length is about 14 leagues, contains
23 idands tit to produce cotton, co(Fcc, in-
digo, and even fugar. The air is healthy,
but there are no running fprings of
frefh water. The mo(l confiderabie at
I the N end of the chain is not above two
leagues from St. Vincent, and is called Bc-
I couya, or Bequia ; but the French called
it Little Martinico. Bciide this, there
I are the iflands of Mofkitos and Cannaou-
an ; Frigate and Union illands are be-
tween Becouya and Cariacou. TJie Gri-
I fon, and the Diamond on Khcndc Idands,
are the two principal ones among thofc
I which fill up the interval between Caria-
1 con and Granada.
Granby, a townfliip in Eflex co. Ver-
I hont, has 69 inhabitants.
Granby, a townfliip in Hampllitre co.
I Maflachufetts, K of S. Hadley, altout 94
miles wefterly of Bofton ; was incorporat-
I edin 1768, and contains 786 inhabitants.
Granby, a townfliip in Hartford co.
I Conne(fiicut, on the line which feparates
CunneAicut from Maflachufetts. It was
formerly a part of Symfbury, and is 18
miles N of Hartford, and has 2735 inhab-
I itants.
Gram'iy, a fmall town on the Congaree,
jinS. Carolina, about 7, miles below the
junction of Broad and Saluda rivers, at
jlhe head of navigation. It is a place
I *( confiderabie commerce. Here a curi •
I Vol. I. A a
6ui bridge has been built, wliofo archei
are fupported by wooden pillars, ftrongly
fecureduiiron work^fixed in thcfolid ruck.
Its height is 40 feet above the level of the
water. The centre arch is upwards uf
100 feet in the clear, to give a paflagc to
large trees which are alw.-iys brought
down by the floods. The ingenious ar-
cliiteift nas the toll fecurcd to tiini by tho
legidature for 100 years.
GranJf, a river in Peru, near Cayanta ;
remarkable fur its fands eiirichc(l with
gold dufl.
Grand Bay, on the S W coaft of New-
foundland tdand, 19 leagues N £ of N.
Cape, in the idand of Cape Breton.
Grande Rivien, a fcttlement in a hilly
tradt of the idand of St. Domingo, 6£
leagues S W of Fort Dauphin, and 4^
leagues N by £ of St. Raphael, in the
Spanifli part of the idand, N lat. 19 34, W
Ion. from Paris 74 30. Alfo the name of
a fmall river, in the fame idand, whicU
rifes at Limnnade, and empties into the
fea at Qr. Morin, 5 leagues £ of Cape
Francois.
Grande Rivkre, on the northern fide of
Cluleur Bay, is about 6 leagues W N W
of Cape Dcfpair. Here is a cod fifliery.
Grande Scaux, an Indian nation, who in-
habit S of the Mlfluuri, and can funiifli
8cx) warriors.
Grand Fafbtrs, feveral large detached
mountains in the S £ coiner of Teuelfee,
in which are the head waters of French
Broad, and Cataba rivers
Grand JJle, a new co. in Vermont, in tha
N W corner of the ftate, incorporated
Nov. 1 80Z, embracing the towns ot North
Middle and South Hero, Vineyard (lato
Ide Motte) and Alburgh.
Grand JJles, are two large idands in
L?.ke Champlain ; each about 8 or 10
miles long ; each forms a townfliip be-
longing to Vermont. See South Hero and
North Hero.
Grand JJland, at the mouth of Lake On-
tario, is within the Britifli territories, hav-
ing Roebuck and Forefl iflands on the S
W, and the Thoufand Ides on the N E.
It is J.O miles in length, and its greatcft
breadth is 4 miles.
Grand IJland, in I^ake Superior, lies on
the N fide of the lake.
Grand IJland, in Niagara river, is about
6 miles long and .^ liiroad. The S end is 4
miles N ol Fort Erie ; .ind its northeri;!
extremity, 7, miles S of Fort Slufliec, and
nearly 14 S of Niagara fort.
CiJ.idLaie, in the province of N.Brunf-
■vyick,
■;, *
m
CRA
atLA
ii
m
!ii;
Ivlok, n(Ar the river St. John's, i» fiiid to
be .;o miles in length, 8 or lo in breadth,
and in Ionic places 40 fathoms deep.
(iriinJ Munan Ijljiiil, lies ft miles S by S
E of C'anipu liellu Ifland, in the Atlantic
Ocean, opijolitc to I'airumaqiKKkly Bay,
on the eallcrn border of the United States.
llrtiml M::rjh, In the wclfern diftrii5l, lies
in the rear of the parillics of rAlloniption
and Petite Cote on tlu" Detroit, in U. Can-
ada, and communicates with Lake i^t.
Clair, op pofite to I'e.irh Ulan I, and witli
the (Irait oppoliie to 1 i^hting llland.
CraiiJ, or O.fe R. runs from the N W
into Lake Erie, ao miles hclow the Forks,
So miles .S W of I'relijue Hie. 'I'lic mouth
of thi., river is a good harbour for vellels
uf 60 tons, 'i'he remains of the Moliawk
Indians, with Capt. JolVph Pirandt at
their head, live on this river. Ix-e Moiv-
bati'h Vi'.Ligf
GiiinJ, or Oitjtvj P. in U. Canada, is
that channel which conveyit the waters of
lake'1'onjifcanning till they make a junc-
tion with thofe of the St. Lawrence a little
al)ijvc Montreal. This river is tiie north-
ern boimdary of U. Canada, and the route
which is taken by the L. Canada traders
to the N W ; the birch canoes which go
to the N W country, pafs up this river
with their merchandife, and dcfcend with
peltries. There are many rapids on this
communication. Swytb.
Grange, Cape La, or Cape Moiite Chrijl,
on the N lido of the ifland of St. Domingo.
It is a high hill, in the form of a tent, and
may be feen by the naked eye at Cape
FrangcMS, from which it is 14 leagues E
by N. A ftrip of land joins it to the ter-
ritory of M(mte Chrifl ; fo that at a dif-
tance it fcems to be an ifland. The
cruifer.i from Jamaica often lie o(F here.
This cape lies fn lat 19 54 .^o N, and Ion.
74 9 .5° W f' )m Paris ; and with Point
de Cunes foi ms the mouth of the bay of
Monte Chrlfl ; which fee.
Grange R. in U. Canada, empties itfelf
into a bay of that name on the N fliore of
Like Superior, W of the Cris. This river
leads to Nipigon, a place which was for-
merly remarkable for furnifliing the beft
beaver and martin, and was the fartheft
advanced pofl of the French traders, at
the time that Great Britain conquered Can-
ada. Smyth.
Grantham Totvnjtip, in the co. of Lin-
coln, U. Canada, lies W of Newark, and
fronting lake Ontaria
Granville, a fine townfliip in Annapolis
CO. M*Ta Scotia. It li«« oa the M fide of
Annapolis river, on the Bay of fim.l^
and iit .^o miles in length ; iirA fvttleil
from N. KnglantL
OV.im'/VA', a townihip in HampHnre co.
Man'aclnilctts, about 14 miles W of
.Springfield. It was incorporated iu 1754,
and contains l.P'y inliahitanis.
ii'rj.tville,n poll town in VVan:in;»t(in
CO. N. York, containing ,^175 inhabitants,
(hanvillr Co, in HilKboMUgh diflrict in
N. Carolina, haa the (late of Vir^nnia N,
.nnd contains 14,01.5 inhabitants, of whori
6106 arc (laves. Chief town, WilliHinf-
burg.
Granvill,; or Greenville, a fl(nirifln"n2
town in Kentucky, Mcckliiiliiir^'h co.
Onifs R. in the N W part of N. York
ftatc, rife!) near the main branch of Bhirlc
R. and TMm N N W about 50 miles, then
N E 40 miles, and is lo(l in the St. Law-
rence. It is a rapid river, alJbrds nisny
mill feats, and near the mouth, its bai;ki
produce great quantities of hay.
Gmfi, a river in New South Wales.
Grave Creei, on the Ohio, i» mild
down the river from Wheeling. Here i<
a mound of earth, plainly the work of art,
called an Indian grave. It is of a conicnl
form, in height about 80 feet. It alccndi
in an angle of about 80°. The diameter
at the top is about 60 feet ; the margin
enclofing a regular concave, funk about
4 feet in the centre. Ne.nr the top ftand*
an oak, about 3 feet in diameter. It ii
faid the Indians have no tradition what
nation ever buried their dead in tliii
manner. On examination, thefe mounds
have been found to contain a chalky Ciilv
fiance, fuppofcd to be bones of the human
kind.
Grave/aid, Port nf, is fltuated On the 3
W fide of the ifland of Jamaica, in a large
bay. It has two channels ; the Lee-
ward and the Main Channel, and afTurdi
good anchorage for large veiTels.
Gravrfend, a fmall village in King's on.
L. Ifland, N. York, 7 miles N by E of tiie
city. The townfliip of its name contaiiii
489 inhabitants.
Gravoii, Xlviere au, in the Miflafaj!!
land, on the N fide of lake Ontario, U
Canada, runs into that lake between Bur-
lington Bay and River au Credai. Smyik
Gray, a port town in Maine, Cumber-
land CO. 15 miles N by W of Portland,
The townfliip was incorporated in 1772,
and contains 987 inhabitants.
Grayfon, a county of Virginia on tlie
npper waters of the Great Kanhawa. It
contain* 3742 free inhabitants, and r*
- " (lave*
liTM. Its form i
line is about 50 r
miles. It is veri
than a fifth part I
tains are loaded ^
in iron ore. Tv
frcjfted. The c
3j N, a.?o miles J
the court houfc ii
from Wafliington
Great Bank of /
/ilhing bank exte
■lmo(i of a trian
it and the ifland
channel of deep
41 and 50 24 N
M>d 54 45 W Ion.
Great Btttr Liik
wcflward, and
river, in the N W
far from the ardl
ajo yards wide.
Great Alligator .
Great Burringtoi
chufetts, fierkfliir
ijo miles W of B
Hudfon city, N. \
Great Cape, in
fide, where lake
the narrows uf th
Great Famine, a
fifes in the moun
Oneida river, am
Ontario. Us mo
ly from the mout
Great Egg Hart
hur.
Great Ifland, ir
Hampfhire.
Great Kahhat
which rifes iu
of N. Carolina,
pafles into Virg
the N, it receive
ing N N W, it
enters the Ohi
burg, in 39 5 N
at its mouth,
about 10 or ii
confiderably 1
miles farther,
firft falls, when
navigate it fro
its catara(fl9.
Great Mecatin
rador coaft I
in 50 43 N. lat.
Great Pelican \
Great Sarins.
Great S-unimi
GRE
lafci. It! form is triangular ; tlie lonr^rfl
line i» about 50 miles, its widefl place 15
mile*- It is vcrv mountainous, not more
than a fifth part nein}» arable. 'I'hc nioun
tains are loaded with timber, and ;ibouna
in iron ore. I'wo fct of iron works are
ffctfted. The court houfc is in lat. .^6
35 N. l.?o miles S W of Richmond. At
the court houfc is a poll olHce, 386 milct
from Wafliington.
Grtitt Bank of Netvf'iiinJlanJ, This noted
fifhing banic extendi from N to S.and is
ilmoft of a triatigular fliajv;. Between
it and the idaixl on the W ii a broad
channel «)f deep water. It lie* between
41 and .50 24 N lat. and between 49 45
aod 54 45 W Ion.
Great B.ar I.nh, a water which runs
wcftward, and falls into M'Kenfie's
river, in the N W part of N. America ; not
far from the ardtic circle. Its mouth ii
Jjo yards wide.
Great jilli^ator Dlfinal. See Difiiial.
Great Surrin^ton, a pofi town in MalTa-
chufetts, Bcrlcfliirc co. S of Stoclcbridgc,
ijo miles W of Burton, and a6 E by S of
Kudfon city, N. York. Inhabitants 1754.
Great Caf>e, in U. Canada, on the N
fide, where lake Superior defccudi into
the narrows of the fall St. Mary.
Great Famine, a river in N. York, which
rifes in the mountains near the fource of
Oneida river, and runs N W by W to L.
Ontario. Its mouth is 10 milea 8 wcfter-
ly from the mouth of Black river.
Great E^ Har/ioiir, &C. See £^s Har-
iour.
Great Tftand, in PifcAtaqua harbour, N.
Hampfhire.
Great Kanbavay, A river of Virginia,
which rifes iu the Alleghany mountains
of N. Carolina, and in a N W uiredion
pafles into Virginia, thence wimlinij to
the N, it receives Green Briar, then turn-
ing N N W, it receives Hlk river, and
enters the Ohio 285 miles below Piitl-
burg, in 39 5 N lat. being 500 yards wide
at its mouth. The current is gentle for
about ro or ii miles, when it becomes
confiderably rapid for upwards of 60
miles farther, where you meet with the
firft falls, when it becomes iinpoifible to
navigate it from the great number of
its catarat^ts.
Great Mtcatina, an idand on the Lab-
rador coaft Its fouthcrn extremity lies
in 50 43 N. lat.
Great Pelican IJland. See Pelicatu
Great Sorliis. See Socfiis.
Crftit Stvtimjt, between Northampton
ORE
and I.iirem counties, in Pennfylvanu.
Iliis fw.unp, on . xaniinaiion and luivey,
is lound to be ^i.od Urm land ; thiLkiy
covered I'h beach and lugar m;iplc.
Great A'/./jr,, (uio of the ridge* of tlic AI-
lc^li.iny MDuuiaiin, v/)iich Icparatts the
waters of the .S.ivunnah and Alat.miaha.
At the S li promcmtory of the (ireiit
Ridge is that extraoidiuiiry place c.illcd
Butlaloc Lick, dillant abnut 80 miles from
^Vii^jiifta. It occupies Ictral aires of
ground. A large cane iw.anp and nitad-
OW9, formi.ig an innnenle pUin, lies S E
fntni it; in thii fwaiiip Mr. Bartrnm
thinks the braiKlics of the Great Ogeerhe
take their rife. 'I'lic l.ick is nearly level,
and lies between the head of the cane
I'wauip, and the afcent of the Ridge. The
earth, from tite luptrlices to an unknown
depth, is an almolk wiiitc or cinerou*
coloured, tenacious, fattilh clay, which all
kinds of cattle lick into great caves, piir-
luing the delicious vein. Mr. Bartram
could not dil'cover any thing faline in its
talle, but an inlipid Iweetnds. Horned
cattle, horfes,and deer, are immoderately
fond of it ; infoniuclithat their extrLment,
which ulmoft totally covers the earth to
fome dirtancc round this place, appears to
be perfed: clay ; which when dried by
the fun and air, is ulmoit us hard as
brick.
Great S/>r!ngj, is an amazing fountain of
tranfparent, cool water^ lituaU'il near the
road, about midway between Aiiyuftaand
Savannah. It breaks luddenly out of the
earth at the balls of a moderately elevat-
ed hill or bank, forming at onct a bafon
near 10 yards over, al'conding through a
horizontal bed of foft rocks, chieily x
teQaccous concretion of broken, entire,
ami pulverized fea llielis> fand isc. coiifti-
tutmg a coarl'e kind o! linielloiic. Tlie
ebullition is copious, aclive, and contimial,
over the ragged apertur;;* in tlie rocks,
which lie 7 or 8 feet below, fsvelling the
furfacc, confiderably, inunediaicly .ibove
it ; the waters defecnd fwiltly fiom tiic
fountain, forming at once a huge brook, 6
or 8 yards over, and 5 or 6 left deep.
There are multitudc3 of fidi in tlie toun-
taiu.of various tribes ; chicilv the feveral
fpeoies of bream, trout, cat hiL, and f^.-irr,
which are uehelu coiuinuallv atcem;!ii'»
and def sending tlirougli the rocky appct-
tures. Bartram, fnmi whofe tiavcls tiic
above Is taken, obferves, thr.t he croiied
no ftream or brook of water within i 2 or
15 miles of this fount:iin, but hud in.view
Tad favannahs,fwamps,aud cane meadows, '
vliich
GRE
GRE
,-■( ■
Wit-
f.-i [
ivhich he conjedtures are the refervoir s
which feed this delightful grotto.
Great IVoris, a flieain aliout lO miles
long, which runs into Penoblcot qn its li
fide, in townihip No. 4, about 10 miles
above the head of the tide, and a below
the Great Falls, oppofite Marfli's Ifland.
There are large tra<5ts of valuable meadow
and intervale, and good mill feats on this
ftream. See OiU-t- Stream, a branch gf
Great Works.
Greene, a county in Wafliington diftridl,
Hate of Teneflee. In this county are
Smoaky and Bays mountains. Near the
banks of French Broad are the Warm
Springs, efficacious in I'corbutic and rheu-
matic c&.:''plaints. It has 7610 inhabit-
ants.
Green, a county of Kentucky, .•jp miles
fquare, bounded N E by Lincoln. It is
tvcU watered by Green R. and its branch-
es. Inhabitants 6ozj, of whom 816 are
Jlaves
Green^ townfliip in Franklin co. Penn'
fylvania. Alfo, a townfliip in Walhington
CO. in the fame ftate.
Green, a port town in Keiinebeck co.
Maine, fituatcd the Efidc of Androfcoggin
river, 31 miles W by S of Pittfton, 39 N
of Portland, and 104 N by E of Bofton,
containing 933 inhabitants.
Cr.vn, a CO. of N. York, taken from Ulfter
and Albany counties. It lies on the W
fide of the Hudlon, extending 50 miles
W from the river. Inhabitants 15,870,
Chief town, Kaatfkiil.
Gre'n, a CO. of Pennfylvania, bounded N
by Wafliinglon, S and W by Virginia, E
by Monongahela river, 33 miles long,
18 broad. Some of its flreams fall into
the Ohio, others into the Monongahela.
Inhal)itant3 8605.
Green, a navigable river of Kentucky,
which rifes in Merrcr co. has a gentle
current, and is navigable nearly 150 miles.
Its courl'e is generally W, and at its conflu-
ence with the Ohio is upwards of aoo
■ynrds wide. Between tlie mouth of Green
river and Salt river, adiftancc of nearl)'
aoo miles, the land upon the banks of the
Ohio are generally fertile and rich ; but,
leaving its banks, you fall into the plain
country, which is confidered as little bet-
ter tlian barren land. On this river are
a number of Salt fpiings or licks. There
are 3 fprinj;s or ponds of bitumen near
this river, which do not form a flream,
but empty thcralielvcs into a common re-
fervoir, and when ui'ed in lam[)8, anfwers
all the purpoles of the beft oil, Vaft
quantities of nitre are found in the cave*
on its banks ; and many of the fettlers
inanufa«3:ure their own gunpowder.
Green, a county of N. Carolina, New-
bern diflridt, containing 4218 inhabitants,
of whom 1496 are (laves.
Green, a county in the flate of Ohio.
Green Bay, or Puan Bay, a S weftcrn
branch of Lake Michigan. See Michigan,
Puan, and JVinncbngo.
Green, a fmall river which rifes in the
town of Marlborough, in Vermont, and
falls into Conneiiticut R. above Dccrfield,
in Mafl'achufctts.
Green Briar, a large and fertile county
of Virginia,furrounded by Bath, Randoph,
Harrifon, Kanhaway, Botetourt, and
Montgomery counties. It is about 100
miles long and 45 broad. It contain!)
3894 free inhabitants, and ayi fiavcs.
There is a large cave on Rich creek in
this county, the earth at the bottom of
which is urongly impregnated with fuU
phur. Many fuch are to be found oq
Green Briar R. The chief town is Lew-
ilburg. At Green Briar court houfe is s,
port ofEce, 30 miles W by S of Sweet
Springs, and 103 W of Staunton.
Green Briar R. tuns a S W courfe, and
falls into the eaflern iide of the Great
Kanhaway, at the place where that river
breaks through the Laurel Ridge, and op^
pcfUc to the mouth of New R. in N lat.
Greenburgh, a townfliip in W. Chefter
CO. N.York, containing 1581 inhabitant,
Grcenbujb, a townfliip ill Renflalaer cp.
N.York. It has 347a inhabitants.
Green, a pofl town in Franklin co. Penr-
fylvania, fttuated near the Coiiegocheaguc
creek. Mere are about 80 lioufes, 1 Ger-
man churches, and a Prelby tcri.in churcli.
It is II miles S by W of Chaiuberlburii;,
and 156 W by S of Philadelphia, and hat
884 inhabitants.
Green, a county in Kentucky, extending
from Ohio V . on the N, to 1 eneflee ^\\\.*'
on the S, and bordering W on the Milli-
fippi R. and E upon Hardin and Jeflerfou
counties.
Greene, a coinitv in Wafliington dlflriiS
in Tenellec, having 7610 inhabitants, of
whom 471 are Haves. Grecneville Col-
lege has been eflabliflicd by law in this
county. It is fituated betwttn two fmnll
northern blanches of Nolachucky R.
about },\ miles S by W of Greeneville, tlie
county town, 25 N W by W of Joncf-
borough, and 75 E of Knoxville. To
the honor of the people of Tcneflee, their
<£a(^cl)
GRE
GRE
id Jeflerfou
taFlieft legiflatlve attention was dircAcd
to the education of youth anci the inter-
(cft of fciencc. 'I'his I'eminary was char-
tered in the year 1794, by the firft u£t of
thefirft afl'embly of the South Weftern
Territory When the ftate government
came into operation, it adopted and i'anc«
tioned all the unrepealed a<fts of tlie Ter-
ritory as its own laws In the number of
thefe was comprehended the charter of
Greeneviile College. By this, fourteen
truftees, including the prcfident, were ap-
pointed and incorporated, with full pow-
er to hold tlie property and fuperinteud
the . mcerns of the College. Kight may
conltitute a quorum. I'he prefident offi-
ciates as moderator. Through his perfe-
vering exertions, a library, confiftingof
betwcfn one and two thoufand volumes,
has been procured, a fmall philofophical
apparatus purchafed, and a convenient
building erecftcd. From the beginning of
the year 1800, a conliderable number of
fcholars have received inftruction. Since
that time an advance has been made by
fubfcription towards the eftablifliment of
a permanent fund, and it is much to be de-
iired,that it may be crowned with ample
Aiccefs. The local iltuation of the inditu-
tion is highly favourable to its utility, on
account of ftlent retirement, healthincfs
of climate, cheapnefs of board, and near*
nefs to the moft public roads in every di-
rection. The lurrounding country is di«
Terfiiied with lofty mountains and luxuri-
ant vallies, with the woods of nature and
the fields of the planter, with rapid
llreams fpecding their courfe to the dif-
tant ocean, and innumerable fpringsever
flowing with the purell water, all jigree-
^bly confpiring to (liniulale and expand,
to invigorate and enrich, tofublimate and
purify the youthful mind. The co. is
watered by the French, Broad, and Nol-
achucky rivers, and is bounded N by
Walliington. U by N. Carolina, S by Jefler-
A)n, and W by Hawkins counties.
Greme, a townlliip in Chenango co. N.
York, on tite E fide of Chenargo R. It
has 655 inhabitants.
Greene, a county in the upper difl;ri<fl of
Georgia, bounded VV by ilie upper part
of Oconee R.E by Wilkes co. and Sby that
of Waflungton. It contains 10,761 in-
habitants, including 3657 Haves, Chief
town Greenlborough.
GreenfiM, a handiomc, flourifliing port
town in Hampfliire co. Maflachufetts,
about 4 miles N of Decrfield, and 1O4 W
by N of Bodoo. 'i'hc towaiLip lies en
the W bank of Connedticut R. was incor-'
Derated in 1753, and contains 1254 inhab*
itants. A company was incorporated in
1796 to build a bridge over CounedlicuC
R. to connetSt this town with Monugue«
Greenfield, a port town in Saratoga CO.
N. York, having 3073 inhabitants.
Greenfield, a town in Hillfborough CO.
N. Hampfliire, containing 934 inhabitants.
Green IJland, or Serpent JJluiid, one of the
IclTer Virgin iflands, which is claimed by
the Spaniards, and iituated near the £ end
of Porto Rico.
Green IJlund Harlonr, lies On the weftern
end of the illand of Jpmaica. It furnillies
good anchorage, having Davis's Cove on
the N E, and Half Moon and Orange bay*
on the S W.
Greenland, a town in Rockingliam co. N.
Hampfliire, in the vicinity of the ocean,
5 miles foutherly from Portfmouth. It
was incorporated in 1713, and contain*
548 inhabitants.
Greenland, 'i'his extcnllvc country prop-
erly belongs to neither of the two conti-
nents ; unlcfii, as feems probable, it be
united to America to the noithward of
Davis's flraits. It is bounded l<v Davis's
flraits on the W ; to the northward by
fome unknown ocean, or by the N pole ;
E by the Icy fea, and a ftrait which fep-
aratcs it from Iceland ; S £ by the Atlan-
tic ocean ; S it terminates in a point call*
cd Farewell, in N lat. 59, The wcftern
coaft, which is waflied by Davis's flraits,
is high, rocky, bad land, which rears its
head, clofe to the fea, in lofty mountaiiiB
covered with fnow, and inacctfiiiilc clifls,
and meets the mariner's eye ^o kaguet
at fea. The Creenlander<, reckoned to
amount to about 7C00, live to tlie fouth-
ward of the 62d degree of N lat. or as the
inhabitants are wont to fay, in the fouth ;
but no Europeans live there, fo that thofc
pirts are but littlt known. The Europe-
an colonies have fixed thtmfelves to the
northward of lat. 62. 'i'he aftonifliing
mountains of ice in this country, may wcU
be recorded among its grcatcfl curioiitics.
Nothing can exhibit a more dreadful, and
at the lame time a more dazzlirtg appear-
ance, than thoie prodigious maifts of ice
that furround the whole coaft- in,yariout
forms, rcflttfling a multitude of eo^r.urt
from the fiiiibtams, and calling to mind
the enchanting Icenes of romance. Such
profpeifl.s they yield in calm weather; but
when the wind begins to blow, and the
waves to rife in vaft billows, the violent
il;ock$ of thofc pieces of ice, dafliing nnc
a^ainft
mm '
GRE
GRE
againft another, filhthe mind with horror.
As this country is covered, in moft places,
with evcrlafting ice and fnow, it is eafy
to imigine that it muft be extremely cold.
Among the vegctibles of this cold coun-
try, are forrel of various forts, angelica,
ivild tanfey, fcurvy grafs in great quanti-
ties, wild rofcmary, dandalions in plenty,
and various forts of grafs ; whoretleber-
ries and cranberries grow here. Europe-
ans have fown barley and oats, which
grow as high and as thrifty as in warmer
climates, but feldnm advance fo far as to
car, and never, even in the warmed places,
to maturity, becanfe the frofty nights be-
gin too fuon. Unfruitful as this country
is, it aflbrds food for fomc, though but
few kinds of beads, which furnifli the na-
tives with food and raiment. Of the wild
game are white hares, rein deer, foxes,
and white bears, who are fierce and mif-
chievous, feals, &c. The Greenlanders
have no tame animals but a fpecies of
dogs, who refcmble wolves. The Green-
landers believe in the dodbrine of the
tranfmigration of fouls, and have very
lingular and romantic notions concerning
a future date. Wed Greenland was fird
peopled by Europeans in the eighth cen-
tury. At that time a company of Ice-
landers, headed by one Ericke Rande,
were by accident driven on the coad.
On his return he reprefentcd the country
in fuch a favourable light, that fome fam-
ilies again followed him thither, where
they foon became a thriving colony, and
bedowcd on their new habitation the
name of GraenlaHdox Greenlant/jOa account
of its verdant appearance. This colony
was converted to Chridianity by a mif-
lionary from Norway, fcnt thither by the
celebrated Olaf, the iird Norwegian mon-
arch, who embraced the true religion.
The Greenland fettlemeut continued to
incrcafe and thrive under his protediion,
and in a little time the country was pro-
Tided with many towns, churches, con-
Tents, bifliops, &c. under the jurifdidlion
nf the archbifliop of Dronthtim. A con-
fiderable commerce wa& carried on be-
tween Greenland and Norway ; and a
regular intetcourfe maintained between
the two countries till the year 1 406, when
the lad bifliop was fcnt over. I>oni that
time all corrcfpondencc was cut oil", and
all knowledge of Greenland h;ia been bu-
ried in oblivion. The colony, from its
fird fettlcment, had been hatafTed by
the natives, a favage people, agreeing in
cudums, garb and appearance, with the
■ (
Efqutmauz. See New Britain. This aa>^
tion, called Scbrellingt, Siralingiits, or
dwarfifli people, from their fmall dature»
at length prevailed over the Iceland fet-
tlcrs, who inhabited the wcdern didri(Sl,
and exterminated them in the 14th cen-
tury ; infomuch, that when their brethren
of the eadern didri(Sl came to their afl'id-
ance, they found nothing alive but fome
cattle and docks of flieep running wild
about the country. The Schrellings have
a tradition that tliefe were likewife exter-
minated, and aflirm that the ruins of their
houfcs and villages dill appear. There
are reafons, however, for believing 4hat
there may be dill fome defccndants of the
ancient Iceland colony remaining in the
eadern didri(Sk, though they cannot be
vifited by land, on account of the dupen-
dous mountains, perpetually covered with
fnow, which divide the two parts of
Greenland; whild they hav.c been ren-
dered inaccefllble by fea, by the vad
quantity of ice driven from Spitfbergcn,
or £ad Greenland, one would imagine
that there mud have been fome confrder-
able alteration in the northern parts of
the world fince the 15th century, fo that
the coad of Greenland is now become
almod totally inacccdihle, though former-
ly vifited with very little didiculty. The
fame alteration in the climate of New
Britian is vifible. The foreds arc fur-
rounded with a circle of dumps and dead
trees, 20 miles and more in diameter.
This diows that fnow and frod are more
powerful than formerly. Where the
durdy fored rofe, not a flinib now is fcen.
While other climates become more mild,
that of the northern part of N. America
is more difmal. Numerous attempts have
been made in the lad and prefcut century
to difcover the eadern didritfl, but they
have all proved abortive. In thefe at-
tempts ore has been found, every hundred
pounds of which yielded 26 ounces of fil-
ver ; and fand, from which an eminent
chcniid extracfled pure gold. It is thouglit
the only pradlicable method of reaching
that part of the country will be to coall:
north about in fmali vellels, between the
great flakes of ice autl the fliore ; as the
Greenlanders have declared, that the cur-
rents continually ifluing from the bay*
and inlets, and tunning S wcdward along
the fliore, hinder the ice from adhering
to the land ; fo that there is always a
channel open, through which vefl'els of
fmall burden might pafs, cfpecially if
lodge* were built at fuitable didances on
6R£
«RE^
Ithe fliore, for the convenience and d!rec-
tion of the adventurers. The Greenland
fifliery is produiStive, and chiefly engrofT-
cd by the Britifli and Dutch nations. In
1785 the former employed 153 fliips in
the whole iiflicry, and the Dutch 65.
Green Moimtaiiij, a range of mountains
extending N N £ to S S W, and dividing
the waters which run eaderly into Con-
necticut river, from tliofe which fall wcft-
crly into lake Champlain, lake George,
and Hudfon's river. The afccnt from the
E to the top of the Green Mountain in
Vermont, is much eafier than from the
W, till you get to Onion river, where the
mountain terminates. The height of
land is generally from ao to .^o miles from
the river, and about the tume diftance
from the New York line. The natural
growth upon this mountain, is hemlock,
pine, fpruce, and other evergreens ; hence
It has always a green appearance, and on
this account has obtained the defcriptive
name of f^er Mom, Green Mountain. On
fnme parts of this mountain fnow lies till
May, and fomctimcs till June. The chain
extends through Maflachufetts and Con-
nedlicut, and terminates in New Haven.
Kellington Peak, the higheft of thefe
mountains, is about 3454 feet above the
level of the ocean.
Green/borough, a pofl town, and chief
town of Greene co. Georgia, 30 miles from
Lexington, and 78 W by S from Augufta.
It contains 25 houfes, a court houfe, gaol,
and Prcfbyterian meeting houfe. Lands
are appropriated for the cftablifliment of
an academy here.
Grfenjborougb, a thriving village in Car-
oline county, Maryland ; on the W fide
»f Chcptank creek, about 7 miles N of
Danton, and 1% miles S E by S of Chefter.
Here is a poll office, 109 miles from
Wafliington.
Greenfiorough, a new townfhip in Or-
leans county in Vermont. It adjoins to
Minden on the N W, and Wheelock on
the S E, and contains 280 inhabitants.
Greenjboro, a poft town, W. Chefter co.
N. York, 264 miles from Wafhington.
Grefnjhurg, a poft town, and the capital
•f Weftmoreland co. Pennfylvania. It is
a neat pretty town, fltuated on a branch
•f Sewickly creek, which empties into
Youghiogany R. Here are 100 dwelling
houfes, a German Culvinift church, a
brick court houfe, and a ftone gaol. It is
jji miles S E by E of Pittfburg, and 270
W by N of Philadelphia.
Qruufiur^, a poft tows, GrcM co. Ken-
I
tucty, 875 miles W by S from Wafliing*
ton.
GreenfvilU, a county of Virginia, encom^
pafTed by Brunfwick, Southampton, and
SuiTex counties, on the W, N, and £, and
by the (late of N. C.irolina on the S. Ic
is about 24 miles long, and 20 broad, and
contains 361 1 free inhabitants, and 41 16
Haves.
Creen-uitle Court Houfe, in Virginia, (land*
on Hick's Ford, 25 miles from Southamp-
ton, and 61 from Norfolk. There is now
a fmall town laid off at this place ; a few
b"ufcs are built.
Greenville, a diftridl of S. Carolina, con-
taining 1 1,504 inhabitants, of whom 1439
are flaves.
Greenville, a county in Wafliington dif-
tria, S. Carolina; tuated in the N W
corner of the ftate ; bounded E by Spar-
tanburg CO. in Pinkney diftritEl ; S by Pen-
dleton ; W by the ftate of Georgia, and
that tracl of country which the ftate of
S. Carolina ceded to the United States &
and N by the ftate of N. Carolina. Ic
contains 11,504 inhabitants, of whom.
1439 arc flaves. The lands are moun-
tainous and hilly, and well watered, and
the climate healthy and agreeable.
Greenville, a poft town of S. Carolina,
and chief town of Cheraws diftritSt ; fitu-
ated on the W fide of Great Pedee river,
iu Darlington co. It contains about 3*
houfes, a court houfe, gaol, and academy.
It is SS miles E N E of Camden, 90 N K
by E of Columbia, 135 N by E of Charlcf-
ton.
Greenville, a poft town, and the chief
town of Pitt county, N. Carolina ; on the
S bank of Tar river, diftanc from Ocre-
cok inlet 1 10 miles, and 23 from Wafli-
ington. It contains about 50 houfc!), x
court houfe and gaol ; alfo a feminary of
learning, called the Pitt Academy. It '1%
23 miles from Wafhington, and 25 mile*
from Tarborough.
Greenville, a poft town, Mecklenburg co.
Kentucky, 766 miles W by S from Wafli-
ington.
Greenville, a poft town in JcfFerfon c».
Miffifippi territory, 1217 miles W from
Wafliington.
Greenville, a fmall poft town in Green
CO. in the ftate of TenefTec, fituated on
the W fide of the N eafternmoft branch
of Nolachucky river, about 6 miles N by
E of Greenville college, (fee Green Co.) 26
miles N W of Jonefboroiij;h, 75 E of
Knoxvillc, and 653 S W of Philadelphia.
VrftiiviHe, » f*rt and fcttiement in tlti^
ftate
m I
If 1-1 f?^- HI
wm m
41 in
GRE
GRfi
'M^
fi
iate of Ohio, on the S fide of a N wefterrt
hranoh uf the Great Miami, 6 miles N
W of Fort JtiTcrfon on the fame branch,
and about 13 miles S E of Fort Recovery.
?": is a picketed fort, with badions at each
angle, and capacious enough to accom-
nodatft aooo men. Here the American
legion hud their head quarters in the late
%\Mr with the Indians. It was eftabiiflied
by the late Ma}. Gen. A. Wayne, in 1703,
Mild here he concluded a treaty of peace
vriih the Indian natioun, on the 3d of
Auguft, 1 795.
Greenville Bay, or La Bay, a town and
port of entry on the E or windward fide
of the illand of Granada. It has about
60 dwelling houfcs, a church, and feveral
rich (lores of India and European good;,
and plantation utcniils. The iituation is
low, and rather unhealthy.
(frcnvitlc Co. in U. Canada, is bounded
On the li by the county of Duadas ; on
the S by tilt river St. Lawrence ; and en
t^e W by the tovvnfl.ip of Elizabclhtown,
running N 24° W, until it inttrfetlls the
Ottawa or Grand river; thence it de-
fcends that river until it meets the Nweft-
crnmoft boundary of the county of Dun-
das. The county of Grenville compre-
hends all the landb near to it in the river
St. Lawrence. Smyth.
Greiivilk, in Wafliington co. N* York.
See Granville.
Greenville College. See Green Co. Ten-
•flee.
Greentvicb, a townfliip in HampHiire co.
MalTachufetts, incorporated in 1754, con-
tains 1460 inhabitants. It is 20 miles £
«»t Northampton, and 75 wcfteriy of Bof-
ton.
Greentvuh, a townfliip in Glouccfter co.
N. jerfcy, on the E bank of Delaware R.
oniiolite to Fort Mifllin, 3 miles N by E
•f Woodbury, and 6 S E of Fhiladeiphia.
Greeniuich, a townfliip in Suflex co. N.
Jerfcy, on the E fide of Delaware river,
in a mountainous country, about 5 miles
M Eof Eafton, in I'ennfyivania, and 31 S
W of Newton, the fliire town. It con-
tained, in 1790, 2035 inhabitants.
Greciitt'icl), a town in Cumberland co.
N. Jerley, on the N W bank of Cohanzy
creek, about 3 miles from its mouth in
Delaware bay. Here arc about 80 houfes
and a Friend's meeting lipufe. It is 15
milts S enfti rly of Salem, and 66 S by W
of Pliiladelphia.
Grccnwicb, i maritime and pofl town in
Fairfitld CO. Connetflicut, and the S weft-
erumi.ft of ihc Ibtc, lies about jc miles W
of New Haven, and 40 E of N. York cit^
and contains 3147 inhabitants. Its fea*
coaft on Long I. Sound, and that of the
townfliip of .:>tamford on the caflward,
has a number of ifles and rocks bordering
the inlets of the fca and mouths of the
creeks. Byram river pafles through this
town, the larged of the fmall ftreams
which water it, and only noticeable as
forming part of the line between Connec-
ticut and N. York. This tra<5l was pur-
chafed of the native Indians in 164'' and
fettled under the government of the New
Netherlands (now N. York) and was in-
corporated by Peter Stuyvcfant, in 1665,
who was then governor of the New Neth-
erlands. This town, falling within the
bounds of Connc<51:icut, was afterwardi
granted to eight pcrfons by that colony.
Greenzuicb, a town in Wafliington co. N.
York, on the E bank of Hudfon R. for-
merly the foutherly part of Argyle. Fort'
Miller is in this town, where are the falls
in the Hudfon, which Gen. Putnam de-
feended in a boat, at the hazard of his
life, to efcape the Indians. Here are faw
mills where much buftnefs is done.
Green-tvicb, in Rhode Ifland. Sec EiJ
Grtemviib,
Greenwood, a townfliip in Cumberland
CO. Pcnnfylvania, having 724 inhabitants.
Alfo, a townfliip in Mililin county, ia
the fame (late, having 969 inhabitants.
Green IVoods, a vaft foreft of (lately pinct
in Litchfield co. Connecticut, which cover
the face of a part of that county. Tliefe
are clothed in green bearded mofs, which
being pendant from the boughs, fcrecns
many of the trees from the eyes, and
gives to the whole a gloomy, wild, and
whimfical appearance.
Gregoria, St. a town of New Mexico,
fituated on the E (Ide of Rio Bravo, a few
leagues N of St. Antonio.
Gregjlotvn, a village in Somcrfet co. N.
Jerfey, on the E fide of Miliftone river,
6 miles N E of Princeton, and about 9 S
W of N. Brunfwick.
Grenada. See Granada.
Grcs, Cape au, a promontory on the fi
fide of the Miflifippi, in the N W terri-
tory, 8 leagues above the Illinois river,
and the traift of country fo called extends
5 IcTgues on that river. There is a grad-
ual dcfccnt back to delightful meadows,
and to beautiful and fertile uplands, wa-
tered by feveral rjvulets, which fall into
the Illinois river, between 30 and 40 miles
from its entrance into the Milfirippi,and
into the latfer at Cape au Gres. The dif-
tance
GRO
tance from die Miflifippl to tlic IllSnois
acrofs the country, is IcfTened or in-
creafed, according to the windings of
the former river ; the fmalled diftance
is at Cape au Ores, and there it is be-
tween 4 and j miles. The ivinds in this
intermediate fpace between the above
two rivers are rich, aimoll beyond par-
allel, covered with large oaks, walnut,
&c. and not a (lone to be feen, except
upon the fides of the river. If fettlements
were begun here, the French inhabitants
acknowledge that the Span! Hi fettlements
on the other fide of the MifGlippi would
be abandoned ; as the former would ex-
cite a condant fuccenion of fcttiers, and
intercept all the trade of the upper Mif-
fifippi.
Greys River, U. Canada, empties itfclf
into lake Simcoe, on th: E fide.
Grimjhyt Totunfiip, in U, Canada, CO. of
Lincoln, lies W of Clinton, and fronts
lake Ontario.
Grind/lone Ford, in the Mifllfipp! terri-
tory, where is a poQ office, 1177 miles N
W from Wafliington.
Gri/an, one of the fmaller Granadillas,
fituated between Diamond iHand and
Cariacou. It is uninhabited, having no
frefti water.
Gros Marue, (lands iu the middle of the
N peninfula of the ifland of St. Domingo,
between the mountain and the head wa-
ters of a river which falls into the fea 4
leagues to the N, and a leagae and a half
W.of Port de Paix. It is equally didant,
It leagues N E of Point Paradis, and N
W of Lcs Gonaives. N lat. 19 46, W
Ion. from Paris 75 13.
Grofc IJle. This ifland is fituated in the
river Detroit, in IJ. Canada, and lies a
little way lower down than Grorte Ifle
aux d'Indcs ; but clofe to the VV fliore ;
it contains feveral thoufand acres of ex-
cellent land, and plenty of good wood ;
is in a high (late of iniprovtmeat ; a num-
ber of farmers are fettled there, wl-o po!'-
fefs large quantities of cleared land.
Sm-^tb.
Grojfe, IJle la, (fo called by the Canadi-
ans) is the fame as Michilimackinac.
Grotoit, a town in the county of Graf-
ton, N. HampQiire, 15 miles N E of Dart-
mouth college. It has 391 inhabitants.
GrotoH, a townfliip in Caledonia co. in
Vermont, is fituated wcftward of and ad-
joining to Ryegate, on Connet%icut river,
and 9 miles N W of Stephen's Fort on
that river. It contains 448 inhabitants.
Groton, a poll town in Middicfcx co.
Vol. L Qb
GUA
MHtTachufetts, 3s miles N W of Bofton,
and Contains i8oz inhabitants.
Groton, a town(hip in New I..ondon co.
Connet5licut, having Fillier's ifland foun(|
on the fouthward, and Thames river oa
the \V, which feparates it from N. Lon-
don, to which it formerly belonged. It
was incorporated in 1705, and conlidsof
two paritlies, containing 4372 inhabitants.
In 1770 there were 140 Indians here; 44
of whom could read, and 17 were church
members. On a height, on the bank of
the Thames, oppofite N. London city,
(lood Fort Grifwold, memorable for be-
ing (lormcd on the 6th of Sept. 1781, by
BeneditSt Arnold, a native of Conncifticut,
^fter he had become a traitor to his coun-
try. Here 70 men, the flower of the
town, were put to the fwo^rj, after they
had furrendered themfelves prifoners.
The compadl part of the town was burnt
at the fame time, and fudained lolTes to
the amount of ^^.13,417. Fort Orifwold
defends the harbour of New London.
Grove Point, forms the N fide of the
mouth of Saflafias R. in Chefapeak bay,
5 miles S S W of Turkey point.
Grovel's Creek, in the (late of TeneflTee,
lies 7 miles from King's Spring, and %
from the foot of Cumberland Mountain.
Gryalvj, a river in the province of
Chiapa, in New Spain, which is faid to
breed certain amphibious beads not to be
found in any other place. They refcni-
ble monkey8,and arcfpottcd like tygers ;
they hide themfelves generally under wa-
ter, and if they fee any man or bead fwim
by, they twid their tails about a leg or
arm to draw them to the bottom ; and
yet it has never been obfervcd that they
cat them.
Gryfon, a new county of Virginia, takea
from Montgomery, which bounds it on
the N. It has the date of N. Carolina S,
Henry and Wythe counties on the £ and
W.
Gaacana, a village in New Spain, near
the mountain Jcruyo, which was dedroy-
cd by a volcano in that mountain, in 1 760.
Ouacoclingn, a town ill New Spain, 39
miles S E of Mexico.
Guadaliijarra, or Guadalaxara, a province
in the audience of Galicia,iu Olcl Mexico
or New Spain, and its capital, an epifco-
pal city of the fame name, both large and
beautiful. The city was built anno 1531,
by one of the family of the Guzmans ;
and the biiliopric, which was before fet-
tled at Compodella, was tranllated thither
ia ijf70. It. is Ijituated oa 4 del>shtful
and
v\i
\M II
I ■ 'I
11^
m W'
li '^' '- '■
1
11
in- '
'^'fflrfnMl
M' gg 1
^^B^^KBj
f jpK|
f|>i|:i; 1
I'i^n
H'^ I '
'^Wm
ffljl
'■■'r" ,•' '
GUA
G'lTA-
aud fertile plain, watered with fcvcral
flriums and fountains, not far from I3a-
lanja rivtr. The air of the country is
temperate, and tlie foil fo fertile, that it
yields lOO to i ; and all the fruits ot Ku-
rope grow in luxuriance and abiindauce.
N lat. 20 50, W Ion. 104 49. The jirov-
iuce is watered by the Guadalaxara R.
CiuuJal.txurii, or Gmit Aii/er, in Mexico
or New Spain, rifea in the mountains of
the valley of I'olDtcan, wiicre (lands the
tity of Guadalajarra, or Guadalaxara, the
capital of New Ciulicia, After running a
courie of more than 600 miles, it empties
into the Pacific oceun, in the zad degree
uf N lat. k lus nupendous fallsj 15 miles
S of the city of its name.
GiuiJtiiotijie, a fmall illand on the coafl
of California, in N lati 39 5, W Ion. 118.
(jiadaloup:, one of the Caribbe iflands
ill the W. kidics, In'longing to France,
having beeu-- fettled by them in 1635.
The natives called it CayacKcita,-M\Ci Cura-
tueita. Columbus gave it its prefent name,
from the rcfcmbiuuee of its mountains to
tliofc of that name in Spain. It is iituat-
td in 16 20 N lat. and 6i W Ion. about
.•;o leagues N of Martinico, and alraotl as
many S c>f Antigua, being 45 miles long,
and 38 broad. It is divided into two
parts by a fmall arm of the fea, o* rather
;i>narrow channel, through which no'fliips
can venture; but the inhabitants pafs it
in a ftrry boat. Its foil is equally fertile,
and in the fame productions with that of
^lartinico. This idand was taken by the
Britilli in 1759, but was reflored at the
treacy of peace in 1 763. It was taken by
tivc fame (jower in i 794, but was retaken
by the French in the clofe of the fame
year. Here is a high burning mountain,
vhich abouudswith fulphur, and fmoke
ill'ucs out from fundry clefts and chinks.
The negroes who fell brimflone fetch it
from this mountain. Many years ago
thib ifland produced 46 million pounds of
fngar, Ji millions of collee, ,':J0,0CQ of
cotton, and 8000 pounds of cocoa.
Guayaquil, See Gtuiyaquil.
Guiiiru, a bay in Terra Tirma, S. Amer*
ioa, in the North fea.
Giiuitii, a SpauiOi province in the E di-
vilion of Paraguay, in !>. America. Its
ci.-yis Cividad Real, called alfo Guaira,
and Oiiveros.
Giiamaliis,i province in the jurifdicSlion
of the archbilhop of Lima, in S. America,
and empire oi.Peru, begins 80 leagues N
E of Lima, and extends along the center
uf the C(;i'dillcra. The Indiau iuhubit-
ants apply thcmfelves to weaving, and-
making a great variety of baizeii, fergcs,
and other ftufFs, with which they carry
on cunfidcrable trade with the other
provinces.
Guaman Fillas, a jurifdiiSlion under the
archbifliop of Lima, 7 leagues from (iua-
manga. It is highly fertile, abounding
with corn, fruits, pafiures, cattle in great
quantities, and all manner of efcuknc
vegetables. The Indiiins here arc equally
indudrious as thofc abovemcitioned,
making baizes, corded (luff's, &c. which
they fend to Cufco and other provinces.
Gtiamiiiigii, or Guamanca, or St. Juan tls
la rittoria,n c'lly of Peru, about 60 leagues
S H of Lima, and having Pifco between it
and the fea. It was founded by Pizarro.
in 15 39« The houfes are all of ftonc, cov-
ered with Hates. There arc in it 3 ele-
gant churclurs, feveral convents, and a
rich luifpital ; being the feat of a biflmp,
under the archbifliop of Lima, the feat of a
governori and the capital of a fmall prov-
ince. T-heainis wholtfomcand temper-
ate. The foil produces wheat, and the
meada>w3- breed tmnterous herds of cattk.
There arc in thu province mines of gold,
fdvcr, iron, lead, copper, and fulphur.
The famous quickfilver mines of Guau-
cavelica are 9 or to leagues from this
city. S lat. la 30, W Ion. 7» 36.
Guanahiiniy or St, Salvadirc, See Cji
jpnd.
Guana Pat/z/a, avolcanoiiear Arequipa,
in the valley of Quiica, in S. America,
^nd empire of Peru ; whofe eruption,
aiUflcd by an earthquake, laid Arequipa
in ruins in 1600.
Guancha lidica, z jurifdidlion fubject to
the archbifliop of Lima,'iu Peru, 30 leagues •
N of the city of Guamanga ; has very rich
qtiickfdver mines, but otherwife very bar-
ren. See Guaiisiiiiielicii.
Gutir.il'uco, a port or harbour in Peru.S.
America, about 4 leagues N of 'I'ruxillo,
aucLthe channel of its maritime commerce,
fituated in4i 6 S lat. in the south fea.
Giianta, a jurif''" /""on N N W of Gua-
manga, 4 leagL ' , in. ihe empire of Peru ;
under the archbifliop of Lima. Its lich^
filvcr mines arc nearly exhaufted.
Guaiiaai'tlica, or Guancavdlica., a town of
Peru, in S. America, and in the audience
of Lima. It is rich, and abounds in mines
of quickfilver ; 120 miles N E of Pifco,
and 175 S E of Lima. S lat. 13, W loii.
88 30. The famous quickfilver mine*
called Guanxavelica, or El AJJ'iento ik Oro-
pefo^ uot far from the ubuvc town, nr;""
thj
tJUX
GUA
flie city of Oropefo, were difcovered by
the Spaniards in 1566, and produce an-
nually a million pounds of quirkfilver,
which in tranfpurtcd byi land to Lima,
afterwards to Aric.T,and thence to Potofi,
where they make ule of it to melt and
retine the filver ; and it yields to the
Spanifli trcafury 40,000 ducat« a year,
befide other emoluments. The qtiick-
fdver is fouud in a whitifli mafs, rtfcm-
bling brick illy burned. Tiiis lubflancc
is volatilized by fire, and received in
fteam by a combination of glafs veflbls,
where it condcnfes by means of a little
water at the bottom of each vcfl'el, and
forms a pure heavy liquid.
Guanuco, or Giianiifro, a city and the cap-
ital of its jurifdidlion, in the archbiOiup-
rickofLima, in Peru, M-hieh begins 40
leagues from Lima. It was a ftttleme.it
made by the firft ccmqflerors, but the city
is now in a mean condition. Several
kinds of jellies and fwcetmcats arc made
here, and fold to otiier provinces. It is
19% miles N £ of Lima. S lat. 10 'Si, W
Ion. 75 ao.
Giiara,A town in its own jurifdiiflion on
the road from Truxillo to l.ima, contain-
ing about 200 houfet. It has a paridi
church, and a convent of Francilcans,
furroundcd by fine plantations, and de-
lightful improvementD. .At the S end of
Guara ftands a large tower with a gate,
and over it a kitid of redoubt. This
tower is credled before a ftone bridge,
under which runs Guara river. It.lies-in
S lat. II ^i 36. Not far from this town
are ftill to be fees a great many ruinous
remains of the edifices of rlie Yncas or
Incas ; fuch as walls of palaces, large
dykes, by the fides of fpacious highways,
fortreffes, and caftle», ercvftcd for checking
the inroads of tiic enemy.
Guarc/jf, a jurifdidlion 6 leagues E of
Lima, in Peru, extends itfclf above 40
leagues along tlic Cordilleras, abounding
in grain and fruits. It has fomc filver
minesj but as the metal is indill'crcnt, few
are ^vTought.
Guaiico, a town fituated on the N fide
of the idand of St. Domingo, but more
commonly called Ca/xTran^ois ; which (ce.
Giiarma, a maritinie town of Peru, in
S, America. S lat. 10 10, W Ion. 77 49.
GiKirmoy, a fmnll maritime town of Pe-
ru, in S. America. It is the rcfidence of
a corregidorc ; has a good haibour, and
lies 134 miles N W of Limi, S lat. 183 53.
Ciittfjo, a river of Chili in S. America.
Giinjlaca, or Panuco, (wiiich fee) a prov-
ince which borders on New Leon and
Mexico, in Avhich province are grain,
cochineal, and fomc very rich filvtr mines,
AH the fliores arc low, overflowed, un-
healthy, and full of f.ilt marilics.
Guiit.ivitj, a lake in Terra Tirma, S.
America, near the city ot Sunta Fe dn Bo-
gota ; which fee.
Guittlmula, Audience and Province nf, m
New Spain, is about 71:0 mik-sin Itnjjtii,
anil 450 in hrcailth li is bounded on the
N by Chiapa and Vera Pax ; on tiie S and
W by the South Sea, and on the E by
Honduras. It abounds in chocolate,
whicli they make ufcof inOcad of money.
It has I J provinces under it, and the n:i-
tivc Indians profcfs Chrifti-tnily ; but it
is mixed with a great many of their own
fupcrflitions. There is, a great chain of
high mountains, which nms acrofs it from
E to \V, and it is fubjeft t« earthquake*
and ftorms. Ir is, however, very Icrtile,
i»nd produces great quantities of choc-
olate, cochineal, cotton, indigo, honey,
fome balfam and woad. The merchan-
dife of the province is generally convey-
ed to the port of St. Thomas in the bay
of Honduras, to be icnt to Europe. The
Wily acrofs this province to tlie South
Sea is about 65 le.igucs, and is the next
to that from Vera Cru?, to Acapulco.
This province is called by thp Indians
^atiumullac, which fignillcs a rotten ttre.
St. Jago de Guatimala, the capital city, is
fituated in a valley, through the midlt of
which runs a river between two burning
mountains. In 154 1 this city was ruined
by a dreadful tempeft, and. a number of
the inhabitants were buried in the ruins.
It was rebuilt at a good diftance from the
volcano, and became a large and rich
town, with a bifliop's fee, and an univcr-
fity ; but it was fwallowed up by an earth-
qrake in 1 773. It contained about 60,000
inhabitants of all colours, and was im-
menfcly rich ; but there are no traces of
it left. The lofs was valued at 15 millions
Herling ; and it was the third city in rank
in Spanifli America. In this dreadful
earthquake 8000 families inftantly per-
iflied. New Guatimala is built at fome
diftance,is wl:ll inhabited, and cairies on
a great trade. N lat. 13 40, AV Ion. 90 30.
Gua-xaca, a province in the audience of
Mexico, in New .Spain, N. America, and
its capital city of the Irimc name. It
reaches from tlic bay of Mexico on the
N to the South Sea, having the province
of Tlafcala on the N W, and thofe of
Chiapha and Tabafco on the S E. It ex-
tends
N^*
lifif
CUA
GUA
lends nenrly 95 leagues along the South
Sea, 50 along the hay of Mexico, and
near lao, fay fome, along the confines of
Tlal'cala, hut not ahovc 50 on thofc of
Chiapa. The air here is gouti, and the
foil fruitful, cfpeciaily in mulberry trees ;
fo that it produces more filk than any
province in America. £xcept the valley
of Guaxaca (which is famous for giving
the title of Marques del Vallc to Ferdi-
nand Cortex, the conqueror 'of Mexico)
the grcated part is mountainous, yet
abounding with wheat, cattle, fugar, cot-
ton, honey, cocoa, plantanes and other
fruits. It has rich mines of gold, filver,
and lead ; and all its rivers have gold in
their fands. Callia, cochineal, crydal,
and copperas abound alfo here. Vanilla,
a drug, ufed as a perfume to give choco-
late a flavour, grows plentifully in this
province. There were in this province
I20 munadcries, beQde hofpitals, fchools,
and other places of public charity, 150
conflderable towns, befide upwards of
300 villages. But now the province is
faid to be thinly inhabited.
Guaxaca, the capital of the lad men-
tioned province, is a bifliop's fee, and the
refidence of a governor. It lies 3,50 miles
S of the city of Mexico, 1 20 W of Spirito
Santo, and 132 S of the gulf of Mexico,
and of Vera Cruz, in the delightful valley
of Guaxaca, which is 40 miles in length
and 10 iii breadth ; and on the road lead-
ing through Chiapa to Guatim:ila. . This
city contains a very {lately cathedral, and
feveral thoufand families, both Spaniards
and Indians. It carries 01; a conflderable
trade with the North and South Seas.
The river is not fortified, fo that it lies
open to invafion. The Creoliau clergy
here are bitter enemies to the Spanifli
cleigy. According to fome, the proper
name of Guaxaca is Antiquera ; but this
lad, others make a fcparate town and
bifliop's fee alfo, fituated about 80 miles
to the S W. It is faid to have a (lately
cathedral, adorned with many large and
high pillars of marble, each of which is
one entire flone. It is fituated in N lat.
17 45, W Ion. 100.
Gujyulas, a province and jurifdidlion in
the archbifliopric of Lima, in Peru, S.
America ; extends along the center of the
Cordilleras, begins jO leagues N N E of
JLima ; produces grain, fruits, and pafture
for cattle.
Giiayma, a town in the province of
Paria, in Terra Firma, S. America, about
1 75 miles S E by E of Calabtz», and y$
S of the mouth of the gulf of Pari*.
Giiaya/fuit, called by fome Guiaquil, by
others Gi/agaqiiil »ad Gunyuhil, » city, hny,
harbour, and river, in Peru, S. America.
Guayaquil city is the fccond of Spanifli
origm, being as anient as 1534 ; is fitu-
ated on the W fide of the river Guayaquil,
N of the illand of Puna, at the head of
the bay, and about i j j miles S 8 W of
Quito, in a II Slat. 79 17 W Ion. Civi-
dad Viega, or Old Town, was its firfl fit-
uation, but it was removed about a quar-
ter of a league in 1693 by Orellana; and
the communication over the great ravins
or hollows of water, pieferved between
the old and new towns by a wooden
bridge of half a quarter of a league. The
city is about 2 miles in extent ; is defend-
ed by 3 forts, 2 on the river near the city,
and the third behind it, guarding the en-
trance of a ravin. The churches, con-
vents and houfes are of wood. It con-
tains about 18 or 20,000 inhabitants, Eu-
ropeans, Creoles and other cafls ; befide
a number of (trangers drawn hither by
commercial interefts. The women here
are famed for their perfonal charms, po-
lite manners, and elegant drefs. The fait
creek here abounds with lobftcrs and oy-
fters ; but the fifli in the neighbourhood
are not cfteemed, being full of bones, and
unpalatable. But this place is moft noted
for a fliell fifli called turbine, no bigger
than a nut, which produces a purple
reckoned to exceed all others in the
world, and to vie with that of the Tyri-
an«. It is called the purple of Punta, a
place in the jurifdidtion of Guayaquil.
With this valuable and fcarce purple,
they die the threads of cotton, ribbands,
laces, &c. and the weight and colour are
faid to exceed according to the hours of
the day ; fo that one of the firfl prelimi-
naries to a contratSl is to fettle the time
when it fliall be weighed. The dye is
only the blood of the fifli, preflTec out by
a particular procefs ; and the cotton io
dyed is called by way of eminence caracal'
lilo. The river Guayaquil is the channel
of its commerce ; and the diflance of the
navigable part of it, to the cuflom houfe
of Babahoio is reckoned about 24 leagues.
The commerce of this place is confidera-
ble ; the produdlions of the country alone
form the moft confiderable part of it 5
thefe are cocoa, timber, fait, horned cat-
tle, mules, and colts ; Guinea pepper,
drugs, and lana de ceibo, a kind of wool,
the produdt of a very high and tufted
tree uf that name, being fiuer than cot-
tup.
GUI
CUL
ton. It u ufcil for matraHcs and beds.
Gi'iiyna, a town in the interior part of
Brazil on Parana river, a fliorldiftauce S
of the tropic of Capricorn.
Guiana, a large country of S. America,
between the: rivers Oroonoko and Ama-
zon. The leafoafl 's partly poflcflcd by
the Dutch and french. See French /Imeria,
or Cayenne ; and D.tdi /tmcriai, or Dutch
Giiuina. TIic mi'fl conlidtraHc of the In-
dian nations of Guiana arc the Chat ib-
bccs, tlic Arvaques, tlie Vaos, and tlic
Galibis. 'I'hife are well proportiontc!,
for the molt pai't, are fwarthy, and go
naked. The Charaibes, or Carihbies,
are entcrpriling, and fo cautious of fur-
prile, that they poll o\it};uaids and centi-
nels with as much care and art as tlic
Europeans. The)- arc faid to liave been
formerly cannibals. The Galilns are more
addicted t«) peace ; they manufacture
hammocks and cotton beds, and are very
ingenious. Such as are near the liurope-
ans have learnt to handle firearms. The
Charaibes in the W. bidics are tliought
to derive their origin from tlitl'e nations.
The Charc"'bc8 of Guiana ftill fondly cher-
ifli the tradition of Sir Walter Raleigh's
alliance; and to this day prefervc the
Euglifli colours which he left with them
at parting, about 200 years iincc.
Guiandot, a river of Virginia, which
rifes in the Cumberland mountain, and
running a N by W courfc about 80 miles,
falls into the Ohio R. about .^4 miles be-
low the Great Kanhawuy. It is faid to
be 60 yards wide at its mouth, and as
inany miles navigable for canoes.
Giiiara, La, corruptly called Lerruhn, a
town of Terra Firnia, on the Caracoa
coafl. Its harbour is ai a miles E of Mar-
acaibo, where, in the years 1739 '^'^^
1 743, the Britifli were twice repullcd,and
loll fome men in attacking this place. S
ht. 10 39, W Ion. (id I.
CuildhaUf a townibip in Eflex co. Ver-
mont, on Connecticut river, and contains
S96 inhabitants. It is uppofttc the mouth
of Ifrael river.
Guilford, a townfliip in Franklin co.
Pennfylvania, having 1343 inhabitants.
Guilford, a townfliip in Windham co.
Vermont, on the W bank of Connedtirut
river, and oppofite to the mouth of Aflui-
clot river. It has Hinfdale on the S E,
and the ftatc of Maflachufetts on the S,
and contains 22.56 inhabitants.
Guilford, a port town of ConnecSticut, in
New Haven co. on the S fide of Long I.
Sound, about 18 miles £ by S of New
Haven city. The townibip is large, id
is divided into 5 parilbes, and was fettled
ill 1639. It was called AT.nunciiuci by
the Indians. It h:is ;;(\oi inhnbitants.
Gailfonl Cn. in Salifliiiry <lifiri(5t; N. Car-
olina, is bounded E by Orange, W hf
Rowan, S by Rockinghiiiu co. and N by
Virginia. It is noted for the entcnfivc
and rich trarts called New Caiden, Cuf-
falnc anfl Deep river lands. It contains
9442 iiili.d»itants, intliifive of 9OJ flavci.
Chief town, Martiuviiie.
G.iUfui-J Court Hoifr. Sec Miirtiiiville,
It is on the pofl mud from ll.difax 10
!-alifl7ury, 48 milts S W of Hil!{l)or.iu<;h,
and (>\ c.iltward of balilbury.
G'inel,nr Givymii'd, mow nihi\t in Mont-
goniLry co. Pcuufylvunia, has 906 inhab-
icaius.
Ghlf of P'orid.T, or A'ftt' Ji.ihaw.i Ciannirf,
is bi)undcd W by the pcninliila of E.
Florida, I', by the B^Iiiima illands. It in
generally ahout 40 miles wide, and ex-
tends from the 2jth to the aStb degree
of N latitude.
Giif Stream. This remarkable phe-
nomenon is a current in the ocean, which
runs along the coaft, at unequal diftances
from Cape Florida to the Illc of Sabk«
and the banks of Newfoundland, where
it turns off and runs down through the
Weftern idands ; thence to the roafl of
Africa, and along that eoaft in a fouthtrn
dire«ftion, till it arrives at, and fnppHcs
the place of thofe wateri; carried by the
eouQant trade winds from the coai't of
Africa towards the W, thus producin^;; a
conflaut circulating current. This ftreaiit
is about 75 miles from the fjiorcs of the
foulhcrn (latcs, and tlie difljiiice incrcafes
as you proceed northward. The widtli
of it is ahout 40 or 50 miles, widening
towards the N. Its common rapidity i»
three miles an hour. A N E wind nar-
rows the ftream, renders it more rapid^
and drives it nearer the coaft N W and
W winds have a contrary effcdt. The
Gulf Stream is fuppofcd to be occafiontd
by the trade winds that are cooflantly
driving the water to the weflward, which
being comprcfTed in the Gulf of Mexico,
finds a pafTage between Florida and the
Bahama illands, and runs to the N E along
the American coaft. "i'his hypothcfis it
confirmed by another fact : It is faid that
the water in the Gulf of Mexico is many
yards higher than on the weftern fide of
the continent in the Pacific ocean. It i«
highly probable that the fand carried
down by great rivers into bays, and the
current
li' 11?'-' Jl"4'
I 'Iff!
H :| '.f ti' ';
H ■:&■
HAC
HAG
i#
^Ttrrent out of thefe bays mprting with
iihc Gulf Stream, by their eddies, have
'formed Nantucket Slioals, Cape Cod,
'<;eor;ic'» Bank, the Kland of Sable, &e.
.Skilful navigators, who have ae(|uired a
•kn(>wle<lj;c of the extent to which this
Aream reaches on the New lin;;land coaft,
•have Icariit, in ihcir voyages (torn Jiurope
-to New England, New York, or Pennlyl-
vania, to paf» the banks of Newfoundland
.<in about 44 or 4.^ N lat. to fail tin nee in
a courfc between the northern cdjje of
.the Gulf Stream, and the Ihoals and banks
,ni' Sable bland, Gcorjje's P.tnk, and Nan-
tucket, by which they make better and
^quicker voyages to America.
Giiti/iori'Jer, a river of thr weflcrn flinre
.of Maryland, whoft chief branches unite
a little above Joppa, and empty into
Chefapeak bay, :ibo«t iz miles above
•Patapfco river. It i« navigable only a
few miles, by reafon of falls.
Giiiif>oti"/fr Neck, near the head of Chef-
apeak bay, is a curious peninfula formed
•by Guupt)wder river and Bufl^'river.
Gurnet, The, See DiixLoreiigb.
Guyjhorou^h, or Manchejlcr, a townfllip
-jn Nova Scotia, on Chedabutflo bay, lo
leagues N W of Cape Canfo and 40
■leagues ciftward of Halifuc, contained
450 families in 178.3.
<ru'illimbuyy toivnjb'ip, in the homc dlf-
.triift, U. Canada, lies on lake Simroe,
«vl>ere Yoii^e ftrcct meets Hollands river.
Smyth.
Ha
,H
I A Braga, formerly called :Fort Dau-
fhin, a fort in the ifland of Cuba.
Hatha, Rio de la, or La Hacha, a prov-
.ince, its chief town, and a river, in Terra
Firma or Caftile del Oro, in S. America.
The province is furrounded on two fides
by the ocean, viz. on the N and N W,
and on the third eaftward by the gulf of
Venezuela. I'he town is iituated at the
mouth of the river, and on its W fide, on
a little hill about a mile from the fea.
The foil about it is very rich, and abounds
with productions common to the climate,
.alfo European plants and fruits ; well
i'upplied with fait fprings, veins of gold,
and fome gems of great value. The har-
bour is none of the beft, being ejpofed to
the N winds. It is about 8 leagues from
New Salamanca, and 18 from Cape Vela,
N by £, and 246 miles £ of Carthagena.
Here the Spaniili galleons touch at iheir
arrival iu b. America, from whence ex-
prcfTcs arc fent to all the fcttlemcnts, to
give them notice of it. In 1595 it \vg«
lurprifed and facked by Sir Francis Drake.
N lat. II 30, W Ion. 7a.
Iliickttjloiuii, a fmall port town in SufTcx
CO. N. jirlvy, on the N W lide of Miil-
conccunk '■ivlt. It is abciyt 3 miles nbovr
the mineral fpring near Rov.hury. on the
oppofit'j fiJe of the river, 74 mili-s W by
N ol Morriflown, 16 S W by \V of i^iif-
fcx c<iurt hflufc, and I20 N N £ of Phila-
delphia.
HncHiipcl, a river of N. Jcrfcy, which
riles in N. York, and runs a I'outherly
Cdurfe 4 or 5 miL-s W of Hudfon river.
It unites with Palfaic river at the head of
Newark bay, and is mvigable about 15
miles.
Haek'mfith, the chit( fiiid pod town in
Bergen co. N Jerfcy,is fuuated near the W
bank of the above rivtr, ao miles N W of
N. York city. The inhabitants aie moflly
Dutch. I'he houfes are chiefly built of
(lone, in the old Dutch tafte. Here are
4 public buildings, a Dutch and Epifcopat
church, a court houfe, and a flouriflting
academy. The people, who are moftly
farmc's. carry their produce to N. York.
Mac Urn, a pod town of Connedlicut,
the fecnnd i.i rank in Middlefex co. on
the W fide of Connefticut river, 18 or 20
miles from its mouth, and 10 miles S E
of the city of Middletown, containing
1.107 -inhabitants. This townfhip, in-
cluding Eafl -Haddam, on the oppofite
fide of the river, was purchafed of the
Indians, May aoth, i66a. A fpot in Eaft
Haddam was famous for Indian Fawawt,
and was fubjedt for many years to earth-
quakes and various noifes, which the firfl
fettlers attributed to thefe Pa-watos. An
old Indian being alked what was the rea-
fon of fuch noifes in this place ? anfwer-
ed, " The -IiKlian's God was very angry
becaufe the Englifhmcn's God came here."
Thefe noifes are now frequently heard.
HadJonfeld, a fmall poft town in Glou-
cefter.co. N. Jfrfey, 9 miJes S E by E of
Philadelphia, and 17 from Burlington.
Hadley, a pleafant poft town in Hamp-
fliire CO. Maflaehufetts, lying on the F,
fide of ConnccElieut river, nearly oppofite
Northampton, 20 miles N of Sprinj^field,
and 97 Wof Bofton. 'I'he town conliftsof
two long fpacious ftreets, which run par-
allel with each otlier, and with the river.
The townfllip contains 1073 inhabitants.
Hngarfloiun, now called Elizabeth Totvn :
which fee. It has a confiderable trade
with the wcftern country, and has be-
tween
HAL
IJTA L
lUS, to
t waa
)rakc,
SufTcx
M^l^
on ilic
Wl)jr
f Sul-
Phila-
nliich
tlierly
river.
c«cl of
joiit 15
lireen a and 300 hourcs. It is flttiat*
eil in Wafliington to. Muryl.-iiKl ; is a
jwll town, 2(> miles N W ot Frederick-
town, 73 N W liy W ot Baltimore, and
21 8 by \V oi Chamberlburg in Pcnni'yl-
vania.
Ilallut Point, the N E point of Cape
Anne, iu M.-irachulctts.
Hiilr\Jhii>f^,!i polt town, Lunenburg cu.
Virginia, a;^.? miles from Wafhington.
HalJ Maun, an cxtcnlive townlhip in
Albany CO. N. York. It contains 3851
inhabitants. lf^i!ti-r/orJ,n neatj compaiil,
thriving village, ot about 80 or iCO houfes,
a miles £ N li ot the Cohocz, and la
hbIcs N of Albany, on tiio N bank of the
moft northerly branch of Mohawk river,
and on the Wbank of the Hudfou, is flt-
uated in t}iis townfliip.
HiiUiman Cave, in U. Canada, is a little
to the caftward of Kingflown harbour,
and made by the points Fredrick and
Henry. On the W fide of tlie Cove i?
the king's dockyard, and proviiiens, (lores,
wharf, &c. Swylb.
Haldiman Townjbifr, in'the CO. of Norths
umberland, U. Canada, lies to the W of
Cramaiie, aad fronts lake Ontario. Smyth.
Halifax, a 00. in the eaftom pari? of the
Britifh proivince of Nova Scotia. It con-
tains Halifax, the capitat ; the tcwnfliips
of Londonderry, Truro, Onflow, Colchel-
ter, Lawrence, Southampton, Canfo, and
Tinmouth. The inhabitants are chiefly
Irilli, Scotch and New Englanders. It
has numerous bays, and rivers ; the chief
of the latter are Shabbennacadie,' which
is a boatable river, the Petitcodiac, Mem-
ramcook, &c. See Nrva Scotia.
Halifax, the capital of the province of
Nova Scotia, in the co. of its name, was
fettled by a number of Britifli fuhje<fls
in 1749. It is Htuated on-a fpaciousand
commodious bay or harbour, called Che-
budlo, of a bold and cafy entrance, where
a thoufand of the largeft fliips might
ride with great convenience ami fafety.
The town is built on the W fide of the
barbour,on the. declivity of a command-
ing hill, whofe: fummit is 236 feet perpen-
dicular froiii the level of die fea. The
town is laid out into oblong fquarcs ; the
ftreets parallel and at right angles. The
town and fuburbs are about two miles in
length ; and the general width a quarter
•fa mile. It contained, in 1793, about
4000 inhabitants and 700 houfes. At
the northern extremity of the towrn, is
tlie king's naval yard, completely built
«ad fupplied witn ilorat ol every kiiid
for the royal navy. The harbour of*-'
Halifax is reckoned interior to no placu
in hritilh America for the feat of govern-
ment, being open and accclliblc at M
ieatbnsofthe year, when alniuU all other
harbours in thefe provinces are locked'
up with ice : alio from its entrance, fitua-
tion and its proximity to the bay of
I'ltndy, and princip il interior fcttlcmentH'
of the pnivince. 'I'liiscity lying on the
S coall of Nova Scotia, hasconnnunication
with Pictou, 68 mile:, to the N K on the
gulf of St. Lawrence, by a good cart
road, finrthcd in 1792. It is la mile*
northerly of Cape Sambro, which fonr.*
iu part the entrance of the bay ; 27 S
eaflerly of Windfor, 40 N by E of
Truro, 80 N E by E of Annapolis on the
bayof Fundy, and 157 S E of St. Ann,,
in N. Brunfwick, mtafuring in a flraight
line. N lat. 44 .|0, W Ion. 63 15.
Halifax, a fort in the town of Window,
inKennebeck co. Maine, cretSted by order
of Govcrm)r Shirley, in 1754. It (landtt
on the point of land formed by the con-
fluence of the Seballacook with the Ken-
nebeck, 30 miles below .Sandy K.
Half IX, a townlliip in VV'indham co«
Vermont, 23 miles E by S of Bennington^
has Marlborough on the N, and the Mal-
I'achul'etts Hav S. It contains 1^00 in-
habitants.
Halifax, a townfliip in Plymouth co,
Maflachufett*, 35 miles S E of Bofton. It
was incorporated in 1734, and contains
642 inhabitants.
Halfax, a village on the E fide of
Sufquehannah R. in Dauphin co. Penn-
fylvania, 13 mil^s N of Harrifburg, Here
is a pod office.
Halifax, one of the middle diftridls of
N. Carolina, bounded N by the fhite of •
Virginia, E by Edenton diftridl, W by
Hilliborough, and S by Newbern. It ia-
divided into 7 counties, viz. Northamp-
ton, Halifax, Martin, Edgcomb, \Varren» •
Franklin, and Nafli, which contain-
69,136 inhabitants,including 31,445 flaves. •
Belide fmaller dreams, the Roanoke
paffes through this diftri»Sl in a S E courier
and the Pamplico has its fource in it.
Chief town, Halifax. The foil is pro-
dudtJve, and the people live in eafe and
plenty; but almod half of them are llaves> -
Halifax, a CO. of the above diltri«Sb,
bounded N by Northampton, S by Edg- •
comb, E by Bertie, and W by Warren.
It contains 13,563 inhabitants, of whom
70Z0 or more than half arc in flavery<
Chief towo, Halifaxi
m-kn
ii •<>!?¥; i'
HAM
HAM
It.iVfutf tlic chief and port town of i
tlic atiuvc CO. is [>lv:iratuly tituHtfil on the |
WeftiTii hniik (it tliu Kounokc, about fii
SiilcD below tlie tulU, regularly laid out,
■nd belidc dwelling huui'utt, Iihn a court
lioui'v and gaol. It is j6 niilc^i N of I'ar-
tN>ruug!i, %i> mtleh from iiicitville court
houlc, 147 N li of Faycttcvillf, 75 S by
■W of I'f terfbur;;, Virginia, and 383 S W
by S of Philadelphia. N lat. 36 13.
Halifax, a CO. \\\ Virginia, bordering on
the (late of N. Carolina. It is about 4}
ttiilea long and 39 broad, and contains
11,466 free inlial>itant», and 7(>>i llavcH.
A port oifice i ! kept at the court houle,
414 miles Iront I'hiladelphia.
NaH.jm,i\ townfliip in Vork Co. Penn-
f\-fvani:i,has looo inliabitants.
Hall-jivJl, a flourilhing poll town,
Maine, Kennelieck co. fituated in N lat.
44 16, .It the he.id of the tide waters on
tlie W lide of Keunebcck R. An academy
n cAablilhed here with a cOiiliderable
fund in landb. The court houle is la
mites .S by W of Vaflalborough, 30 N by
Wof Wifcafl*ct,40 N E of New Oloucefter,
and 19J N by E of Boflon. Halkivfll
Hook lies on the fame fide of the river,
three miles below the town, and live N
ef Pittfton. 'I'liL' whole towi;fliip, which
is intcritti^ed nearly in its center by Ken-
aebeck river, contains 1364 inhabitants.
HilloivM 'Tnvnjh'p, in the co. of Prince
fdward, U. Canada, he» at the font hern
part of the co. open tu lake Ontario.
Smytb.
HamhaiOf a principal affiento, or jurif-
tfi«flion in the province of Quito, in Peru.
It is fituated in i 41 S lat. and 12 miles
W of the city of Quito ; and has 6 fin all
vtllageii in its dependence. It contains
alxnit 18,000 inhabitants, who are moftly
employed in weaving ftufls, and in
knitting.
Hamburg, a fmall port town of N. Jerfey,
»8 miles from Golhen in N. York, and 30
from Newtown or Suflex court houfe.
Hamburg, a handfome port town in
Bt-rke's co. Pennfylvania, on the E fide
of Schuylkill. Here are about 50 or 60
koufes, A German Lutheran and C.ilvin-
ift church, united. It is 18 miles N by \V
of Reading, and 70 N N W of Philadel-
phia. N.'lat. 40 34> W Ion. 76.
Himdin, A town in Hancock co. Maine,
on the W fide of Penobfcot river, oppo-
site Orington, and has Bangor on the N.
The river is navigable to this town for
■vdTels of any fize. It is a thriving place
«f cuoUdcrable trade, 34 nule» nurtlierly
frrmi C.ifline, and about 40 N V. from
VVifcairitt.
HamJen, a townlliip in New Havc«n co.
Connedlicut, about ci^ht milcn Net New
Haven. It has 1482 itiliabitatits
Ha/nilloii, n pofl town of I'.llfx >-(>. Maf-
fachulctts, 4 milfjs .S of Ipfwich, 16 N E
from lluflun, 506 N K frt.tn VVathiiigton,
containing 74;; inh:ibitan(j).
Htmill'iii, a cape on the N end of New-
foundland llland.
Hcimilton. There arc tlirt^e townfliipj
of thib name in I'enniylv.niia ; inc in c.nli
of the counties of York, I'ranklin, and
Northampton.
Hamilton, a fitttlemcnt in Vermont, on
the Canada line.
Hamilton, a port town in Chenango co.
N. York, ao miles S of old Fort Schuyler, a
level towntliip of good land, faft fettling.
Orifice or Olhilke creuk, a water of
Mohawk, and Chemung, a water of Suf-
'luehannah, rife in this towiifliip. It has
4673 inhiibitants.
Hamilton, a town in Albany co. N. York,
and has itsprefent name in honor of that
great patron of American manufiiclurcs,
Alexander Hamilton, V.k\. late fecrctary
of the treafury of the United State*. It
lies iG miles W of Albany, a miles from
the Schene(n:;uly road ; and is one of the
mofl dccifive efforts of pri late enterprifc
in the maiiufacSlurir.g line, yet exhibited
in the United .States. 'I'lin gLfs manufac*
tory is now fo well efiablillied, and fo
happily fituated for tlic lupply of the
northern and wcftern parts of the ftate
of N. York, as well as Vermont and Can-
ada, that it is to be expcdlcd the propri-
etors will be amply rewarded for their
great and expenfive exertion*. The glaft
is in good reputation. Here are two glaf»
houfes, and various other buildings, curi-
ous hydraulic works to fave manual
labour, by the help of machinery. A co-
pious dream runs through the heart of
the fettlcment which lies high ; and being
fiirrounded bv pine plain°,the air is high-
ly fiilubrious. The great Schoharie road
traverfes the fettlement. Here are a fpa-
cious I'chool houfe, and a church of an
oJlagon form. In the neighbourhood of
thei'c glafs worlu, a block was cut out of
an ancient tree, not many years ago, con-
taining evident marks of an axe or fijme
edge tool, made i8j years ago, determined
according to the ufual and certain mode
of afircrtaining the age of trees. The
block is preferved in Albany as a curiofi-
ty. Henry Hudfoa afceuded the river
which bcsrs his n:
ill the autunm of 1
tiicfe marks were
uf his men.
lluititton Ford,
niillot'k'H creok in
the rout purfiied
defeat at Cowpeii
Hainllloii Bun, a
Pennfylvania. O
mount:iin,in the '
found gold, filver,
Ha'aHlnnDiJliii'l
fo called in honor
I'lfij. is (itu.itcd (111
(Ion and Clinch ;
K. and feparatcc
the W by an ui
contains the cuui
Blount, .Sevier, G
has 37,836 inhabi
Hamilton, a COU
cdjan. a, 1790,"
of the Ohio R. i
Little Miami ; an
to the mouth of
faid Miami to tlu
or branch ot faid
a line to be dr:
Miami, anddowr
the place of b
14,69:^ inhabitan
Hamilton, Fort,
the Great Miam
miles S of Fort St
cinnati. It is a
containing 200 n
advantageous fo
the eye. It is b
of land, comma
N W, and a prai
the N E, aboui
long. The foil
may be obtainet
natural grafs.
Hamilton, a pc
Hamilton toi
Northuniberlanc
weftward of Ha
tario in front, ai
Ha),:rr.cVs Toix
fylvania, 5 miU
and 85 from PI
German churcl
honfcs.
Hampden, a
Maine, 754 mih
Hampden Sydn
ivarj County, V.
Vol. I.
HAM
HAM
]|
vrhich bcirs h!s name, m high as Alltany,
ill the itiituinn of ift xj, i) \ yuan ago, uud
tlici'e n>arl(» wt-rc probalily iiuulc by I'uiiic
of hia men.
JLrtilion Far J, lies near the mouth of
niilloi k'H cruuk ill N. Carolii).(. 'i'liiit w;i«
the rout piirfuoil by 'rarlcton, alter lii»
defeat at Cowpcns, m January, 1781.
Hamltluii Ban, A tuwiiniip ot'Ad.tll1$ CO.
Peiinfylvania. On ilie K fiilc uf .Soiiili
mount lin, in the VV part ot the town, are
found tjoIJ, tilvcr, copper aiul iron.
Ha'aHtonDiJliWithi the ftate of IVnudtf,
fo called in honor of .Alexander llaiiiiiion,
I'lfq.is fituatcd on the w.itcrs of the Hol-
ilou and Clinch; bounded S by '1 encllcc
K. ami feparated from Mcro diftiict on
the W by an uninhabited country. It
contains the counties uf Ivnox, Jelleribn,
lilount, Sevier, Grainwer, aiul Cocke, and
has 37,836 inhabitants, 2996 arc (laves.
Hamilton, a county in Ohio ftaie, ere«5t-
cd Jan. a, 1790," bet'lnninj; on the bank
of the Ohio R. at the confluence of the
Little Miami ; and down the faid Ohio R.
to the mouth of the Bi{( Miami, and up
faid Miami to the Standing iStone, I'orks,
or branch of faid river ; and thence with
a line to be drawn due E to the Little
Miami, and down faid Little Miami R. to
the place of beginning." It contains
X4,6(/2 inhabitants.
Hjmllion, Fiirt, (lands on the E fide of
the Great Miami, in the flate of Ohio ; 25
miles S of Fort St. Clair, and aj N of Cin-
cinnati. It is a fliockaded fort, capable tif
containing aoo men. The fituatiun is as
advantageous for defence as pleaiing to
the eye. It is built upon a narrow neck
of land, commanding the Miami on the
N W, and ;i praire and rtieet of water on
the N E, about a mile wide, and aj miles
long. The foil near it is rich ; and forage
may be obtained by repeated mowings of
natural grafs.
Haviihoii, a port in the Bermuda Iflands.
Hamilton Toivnjhip, in the COUUty of
Northumberland, U. Canada, lies to the
wcftward of Haldimand, having lake On-
tario in front, and Rice lake in the rear
Smyth,
Hummers Toivii, in Dauphine co. Pcun-
fylvania, 5 miles from Sulquchanna R.
and 85 from Philadelphia. It contains a
German church, and, about 35 dwelling
hoiifcs.
Hctmpden, a poll town, ' (ancock co.
Maine, 754 miles N £ fror Valhington.
Hampden Sydney College, Sc<; J'rimc £tl-
tvarJ County, f^ir^inij.
Vol. I. C c
Miimfijl'iri, an vxtcnfive, populous anil
wealthy county in Maliacliulelts, nude;*
lliirc ill 1/161. It is in many p.'.rts niuiin-
tainous and hilly, and cxtind'i acnilt tliw
flute from N to S ; bouinled N by tl>«
ILitt'itof N. Ihiiiiplliire and V'».'riuont, S by-
the ftate "I Connetiliciit, E by Wortcflcf
CO. and W by HcrkHure. It contains 6i
townlhips, and 71,432 iiiliabitaiits. Iti
princip.tl towns lie on both tides of Con-
necticut river, which interleilU it fiom N
to S. 'I'licfe are Spi in^lield, Well Spring-
field, Nordiainpton, lludlcy, Hatliek!,
Deeriicld,and Northtieid. It io one uf ihu
mod fertile and (lopulous counties ia ilitf
Hate, and produces the neceil'aries of life,
and ionie of its luxuries in great plenty.
In Leveret a copper mine has been difcov-
crcd,and black lead in level al other places.
Hampjl'irc, a county in Virj;inia, bound-
ed N and N W by the I'otowinick river,
which divides it from the Itaie of Mary-
land. It is about 60 miles long and ,;o
broad, and contain j 731c free iiihabit:int»,
and 587 llavci. It is \,Ji\ vvatend by 1 1<-
towniack and its S biauch. Ir;in t-re and
coals have been iHlcovered on t!ic bui !:«
of this river. Chief town, R..iiii.ey.
Hariipjleud, a to\/n in Ki v.'<iii^li;im co '
N. Haniplliire, about 34 miU s W of Portf-
mouth. It wab incorporati.d in 1749, ai.d
contained, in 1775, 'jCd inhabii.iiiio, lu
1790, 724, and ill 1800, 790.
ILimpjitriii-x viihige in Georgia, ahout \
miles frcm Kavani.ah, and about a milt*
from another village called I lighgaie. '1 i.o
inhabitant ire gaideners, and liipply tl.u
town with gi ecus, pot herbs, tools, &c.
HiiinplbH, u townfliip in Windham co.
Connedlicut, 8 miles N E oi VVindhaui.
Inhabitants 1379.
Hampton, F-uJl, a townrtiip in Hamplliiro
CO. MalTachulettb, S of Northampton, con-
taining 586 inhabitants. It waa incorpo-
rated in 1785.
Hampton, Eisft, on the E end of Long f.
N. York, a half fliire town of SulTolk co.
It has 1549 inhabitants ; and in It i»
Clinton Academy, which in 179J had 9*
(ludents.
Hampton, f tVinicoicett of the Indians) a
te'.vnfliip on the feacoaft of N. rhmipfliirt.,,
on ti.o eaftcrn lide of Rockingham county.
It was fettled under Mafl'achuletts, and
iucorported in 1638. In 1775 it contain-
ed 86a inhabitants, in 1790, 853, and in
i3oo, 875. It is I a or 14 mile, S by W
of Portfmouth, and 8 S E of Exeier. In
1 791, a canal was cut through the marfliei
i^ ttui town, which opeus uu iiU^nd uav-
IgiCioi\
i:i'l\
mm'
HAN
HA If
'1'i
il^atiim from Hampton tIiroiij|;h Salifljury
into ^Tc:•Iimack river, for about 8 miles ;
loaded h>)ai - may pals through it with cale
and fafcty
lLin,[)i(>n Falls, a fmall town taken from
the above town, lying on the road which
leads from Kxeier to Newburvpoit, fix
miles S E of the former, and 8 N of the
Litter. In 1775 it contained 645, in 1790
541, and in iSoo 519 inhabitants. It was
incorporated ii> 1712.
Ih'mpion, a townfliip in the northern
part of Wafliington co. N. York, having
S!:ccnfborough on the \V. It has 7C0 in-
hal-.itant3.
Hjinj'ton, the capital of Elizabeth co. in
Virginia, alfo a port of entry and poft
town, fitiiatcd at the head of a bay whiih
runs up N from the mouth of James R.
called Hu:iijit'in Road, 5 miles N VV of Point
Comfort, ft contains about 30 houfes, an
EpIfcop.il church, a court lioufe and gaol.
The value of its exports of g/ain, lumber,
flaves, &.C. amounted to 41^997 dollars in j
one year, ending Sept. ,30, 1794. This
town was anciently called Kaoi'ghton by
the Indians. It is 18 miles N of Norfolk,
32 S E of YbrkTov.-n, 9,^ E S E of Rich-
niond, and 205 W by S of Philadelphia.
Hii/iijh^ul, or I-L».j%aJ, Narth and 5o(/rf,
in Queens co. Long Iflan'' N. York, 23
' miles V. of N. York city. A poft office is
kr|it at Ilerrick's, in N. Haniflead.
Huinjleiul Plain. See L<m^ IJlanJ.
HumluLiil, a town in Rockland co. N.
Y'irk, W of Hudfbn river, between Mav-
erftr.'.w on the N, and the Ji-Ti'cy line S.
It has lyBi inh;'.bitants.
H.f>iiicl:\ Huili(i,ti\i:A\\cu. by the Indians
Clioqi.ot, !S ll'tuated about 20 leagues E S E
of Nooika, in N lat. 48 30, W Ion. from
Greenwich 125 26. The entrance of this
harbour is about 5 miles in length, and
Las good ancho'Pge ; about it are fcatter-
ed a number of iflands, and feveral fand
banks or fpits. It has alio a number of
flnccov's. 'I'hc land round the harbour
is generally uneven, rocky and mt^untain-
ous ; covered however with p>ne, fir,
fpruce, cedar, hemlock, cyprels ar.d otlu-r
trees of a rcm^'rkable fize. The climate
here is nnich niilder than in the fane lat-
itude on the caftcrn fide of the continent ;
tlie froft in winter being feldoni fo fc'erc
as to prevent vegetation. An eafleily
wind is c(miiflered here as a prognoflic of
a ftorni, and W winds bring f.iir weather.
l)jer, r.u'oons, wolves, bears, I'cjnirrels,
m.'.rtins, land otters, beaver and wild c;its
4f9 tUcauiinals ^yiucli iiiliabit the fotcHs.
The amphibious animals arc the common'
leal, and the lea otter. The Ikin of the
latter is very valuable. The intjabitanii
are laid to be c.umibals. I'his and other
places of the fame name have their pp-
pellation in honor of the late Governor
Hancock, of Maflachufettj.
Hancock, a river of Walbington ifland,
on the N W coall of N. America, called
Miifi-ct by the Indians, dil'covcred by
Captain Crowell in 1791. It empties
into the fea from the N end of the largcll
ifland. At its mouih It is nearly 2 and
an h.alf nautical miles wide; andaconlid-
erable fii-e 10 miles up. It has at its
mouth five fathoms water, gradually in-
creafing in breadth ; and for 7^ miles up,
to Gools liland, haa not Icls than 10
fathoms. Captain Ingraham examined
it about 12 niik-6 ; but by the information
of the natives, lie judged that it commu-
nicates with Skitiitiis Cay, or near it, on
the E fide of the illand*. It is by far the
moft eligible for a new fettlemeiit, of any
place the Captain had fecn on the coalt.
The land is lo* and apparently very fer-
tile : aud tlie river abounds with falmon.
Were a good houl'c ercdted on feme of the
plealant fpots, it would have every ap-
pearance of being long fettled. Eeautiiul
bullies and grafs occupy the Itirts of tlie
woods. The mouth of the river is in N
lat. 54 7, W Ion. 131 54.
Hiiiicuci, a townlliip in Addifua co. Ver-
mont. It has 149 inhabitants.
Hancock, a large maritime co. Maine,
bounded N by L. Canada, S by the ocean,
£ by Wafliington co. and W by Lincoln
and Kennubeck counties. It is 190 miles
long from N to S,and nearly 60 broad, Ii>-
terledlcd by Penobfcot rivef. It contain*
the following townfliips,bcfide 15 planta-
tions; towns E fide Penoblcot R. Cai-
tine, Blue Hill, Buckftown, Eden, Mount
Defert, Goldlboro'jPenobfcot, Orringtou,
Sedgwick, Sullivan, Trenton, Ellfwoith,
Orbnd ; towns W fide I'enobfcot R. Bel-
faft, Bangor, Canaan, Eraakfort, Hamp-
den, Northport, Profpetft, Surry ; Wands
in the bay, Illelboru, Deer Ifle,. Vinalli.i-
veu. The number of inhabitants is 16,31^).
It is remarkably well watered bv Penob-
lcot river and its branches. Union river,
and other fmallcr llreams. The northern
parr ofLue coiuity lends its waters in ouo
ftreaiu from numerous brandies, in a N 1'^
courfe to St. John's river. On the lea-
coafl are many harbonrs and inlets, hid I'y
a multitude of fertile laands ; the largcll:
of tlicl'e iu a y W ilirtdica froir Goldi-
^ bui-oug'^
HAN
^ormigl), arc Mount Defart, Swnn Iflc'.,
Vinal haven, Haut Ifle, Deer.and Iflcfljor-
rtiijh ; all fituated in Penobfcot Bay.
<;rcat part of the county is yet iinfcttled.
'i'he towns along the feacoaft, and on the
I'anksof Penobfcot and Union rivers, arc
the mod fertile and popidous. Caftinc is
the fliire town. See Ma'mt and F,:nolifan.
Hancocl, ( now CUition^ ) a town in
Kennebeck co. Maine, embofomed by the
Kennebeck and Sebafticook river«.
Hancncl, a townfliip in HilUboror.gh co.
N. Hampfliire,fifuatpd between fvo wcfl-
crn brandies of Contoocoock river, 14
miles E of Kecne, and between 60 pnd 70
VV by S of Portfmouth. It whs incorjw-
rat'?di779, and contains mo injiabitants.
Hdncad, a tt>ng, narrow and rinuntain-
ous townfliip on the N. York line, in
Terkfliire co. MafTachiTfetts, liaving on
the E Lanefborongh, and Pittsfield S E. It
vas incorporated in 1776, has 1187 in-
liabitantg.
Hancock, a finall pofl town of Mayland,
in Wafliington co. on the N bank of Pa-
towmack river, between Conolowy and
Little Conolowy creeks, about aj miles S
r. of Bedford in Pennfylvania, and 119 N
W of Baltimore.
Hancock, a CO. in tijc upper di(lri(!l of
Georgia. It contains 14,4^6 inhabitants,
of whom 4835 are (laves.
Hannah Bay Hoiifc, a fai^ory of the
Hudfon's Bay Company, at the S end of
James' Bay in N. America,and on the Ciift-
em fide of Harricanaw river, ^i^ ri'lcs E
by S of Moofe Fort, and 18 below a hoi:!'c
on the fame river.
Hannati's Toirn, in Veflmorel.ind co.
Pennfylv.-inia, 4 miles N N E of Crcenf-
burg, and on the road from Bedford to
Pittfburg; 54 miles N W by W of the
foimer, and 26 E of the latter.
Hannibal, a military townfliip in N
Yitrk, on lake Ontario, 10 miles S by W
of Fort Ofwego.
Hanover, a bay in the fea of Hondiiras,
on the E fide of the peninfula of Yucatan,
from which it receives the waters of the
lUo Honde. The tradl of land between
the river Honde and the Balizc was ceded
by the Spanifli king to the king of G. Brit-
?\n, at the peace of 1783, for tlie piirpofe
of cutting and carrying away logwood.
•See Bahia de Chffumal.
H.itio'jiT, a t'lwnfliip in I.ii/erne co.
Pennfylvania. AM'o a townfliip in Wafli-
ington CO. E. and W. Hanover, are two
tiiwnfliips in Danphine comity in tl)o
lime ftatc.
TIAK
//■j/ww, or M'^/7,JItr'j Totfii, s fol
town in York co l''ei.n(ylvaiiia, liotwecrt
Cadonis creek, .ind a branth of litilu
Concwiigo, •wliioli f-dls into the .'■'ultji.e-
hanna. It coiit:tips alxiut 16c dwelling
houfes, a German l.tulieran and (ieinii'ii
Calvinilt tlii'.rch. It is 7 miles l-l < f the
Maryland line, iF miles SW of York,
and 106 W i)y S ot l^Iiihidclpbia.
Hiinr.ii.-r, p. pod town in Plymouth ro.
T»Ta(lachufeits, 3.5 u'iles S E of J<.fti)P ;
was inrorpor^.tcd in 1727 and conlains
958 ir.habiiants.
H.iroi'rr,A \)r([ tovn of N Hampdiirc,
fituated on the E fide of ( onncclieiit
river in Grri^ton co Dnitwniiih Culli^<:., in
this l()vvn,i', fituated on a beautiful phiin,
aboiii liulf a mile froiii ti.e rivjr, in 43 43
N lar. and in 7214 V\' Ion. fioin Green-
wich. It dciivos it'i nr.nvo froiii V\ ilji.iii!,
Earl of Dartmouth, ore of its jiriiieipal
bcnefatlors, and was fiunided !n tJic year
i:('} by the 1>W Et Ele;i7er Wl.edtck-
The fiuu!-, ('• llit'eolltgeconfift chie)1y of
'j lands, amoi'.i'tii'g to p bout P'-c^c ;ui-cs,
whieliarein-rc;'.iiiig in v.iluc in pi« poitlvii
! to the growth of t'lC count; y ; 1 ioe aereS
J becontignoiis to the college ; ?rdare crpa-
il bit- of tlK? belt improveuiert ; i?,,ccc lie
ill \'-.'rm(int. A trart of 8 m.ik's lijuarg
w '-■ _•• anti'd bv the a(Vcr.:I)lv of N Il.imii-
fin.', li 1707. 1 lu- levrnue tif the ecl-
l';j;e, arifiiig from tie hinds, in i;')T,,
amounte^l annually tt> /[.i.-o. I'y con-
trails then m.ade, thoy would iUT.onnt, in
4 je:ir8 after to/.'. 450 ; arid in I a ye'rs to
£•0,^0, The income fv( m ti.iliiitt i.s al.Oi't
/;,'.6oo per anm-ni. The nuniber of uiidt-r
j^raduates is, on an average, frci:! 1:0 ft
180. A grammar fchool ot alotit /cor
("■:> fcholars is annexed t" the cdlle^e.
The indents are uuderthc immediate gov-
ernm.?rt and irfliiiclion of n prcl;uent,
who is alfo profefTor of l.lflorv, a prcfil-
for of mathematics and n.uur-d pLilcfo-
phy, a profeflbr of I.;n5:uages, ?nil a pro-
feitor of i"edicine and cliemiiliy, yird
one tutor. 'I l.c eoliegc is furnillcd v.ith
a handfome library, and a pli'lofophiehl
apparatus, tiilerab'y C(;mpletc. A new-
college edifice of wood, 150 ly 50 teet,
atid three ftories high, was erteled in
1786, containing 36 rooms for fludcr.ts.
Its fit nation is elevated, lu'al(l.<'!l pnd
ple;ifant, commanding an ext;'rf;ve pK.l-
pet'l to the V.'. There are three other
pnbl'c buildings, belonging to the ccllcjic.
and a handfi-me congregation.'d mect'i g
hoid'e has lately lieen ctei^Ud, in %/lii( h
t'le ccmmeucL-nient txcrdi'ts aie exlnb-
ilej.
m
Ij
1
P
■■'i \i
■in
HAR
HAR
Tied. It has 1912 inhabitant*. Iti* .■ja
miles Nof Charleflowii, iij N Why Wof
Portfmouth, 138 N \V of Bofton, 37S N K
by N of Philadelphia, and 541 N E from
Wailiington.
Hanover, a townflilp in Morris co. N.
Jerfey. In a ridge of hilts in this towniliip
are a number of wclb, 40 miles from tlie
fea in a ftrai^^Iit line, wliicli regularly ebb
anJ flow about 6 feet twice in every 24
luKirj. It is about 16 miles N W of Kliza-
bctli Town, and joins upon Morriftown.
Hanover, a co.of Virginia, lying between
Pamunky and Chickahominy rivers. Its
length is about 48 miles and its breadth
aa ; and contains 6 Jii free inhabitants,
and 8191 flaves. It abounds with iime-
ftone.
Haraver, a fmall poll town of Virginia,
of the above co. on the W fide of the
Pamunky. It is 6 miles from New Caftle,
aa N E by E of Richmond, and no N N
W of Wailiington city.
Hiints, a CO. of Nova Scotia, beginning
about 30 miles from Halifax, contains the
townfliips of Windfor, Falmouth, and
Kewport ; feveral valuable trails remain
unfettled. 'I'he road from Halifax runs
part of the way between Wlndfor and
Newport, and has fettlemcnts on it at
fmall diftanccs. The county is about ao
Tti\\ci f<]uaro, and is well watered. The
rivefj fet. Croix, Kcnctcoot, and Cocml-
guenempty into the Avon.andareall nav-
igible except the laft. The Cacagiiet and
Cobe^niit are navigable 40 miles for vcf-
els oi' 60 toil"!.
Hnpcn:,; four fmall iflands among the
Friendly Illcs, in the S. Sea.
HarJ'm, a CO. in the ftate of Kentucky,
bounded N E by Walhiiigton and Lin-
coln, N W and W by Nclion and CJrecne,
nnd S E by liOgm counties. It contains
,T,.f97inhnbitant3, 310 being flaves. At the
court houfe is a poft cface,6j9 miles W
by S froni A\'afliington.
IIjidvicL, a townfliip in Caledonia co.
)u Vermont, having i6o inhabitants.
IL7rJu.\i,a. tcwnfliip in Worceftcr co.
MafHichivrctts, 25 miles N W of VVotcef-
ter, a:id 70 S W of Doflon. It is feparatcd
from New Rraint.cc ;uul Ware by Ware
river. There are wit'iin tliis town 245
houfes, x;i7 Jnh.ibitar.is.
Htir.hvicK, a towniliip in Sufiex co. N.
Jcrfcy, 10 mile:' S \V of Newton.
Il.irJwkt, A fiuall town of Georgia, at
the mouth <>f Ogecche rircr, and about 18
jnilos S by W of Suvaiiuali. It is a port of
entry.
HitrJy, a CO. of Virginia, bounded N hj
Hampfliire. It is about 60 miles long,
and 40 in breadth, and contains tcc.\
free inhabitants, and 613 flaves. Chief
town, Moorfield.
Hard^wwn, a townfliip in Suflex en. N.
Jorfcy, containing in 1790,2393 inhab-
itants.
Hare Bjy, a large bay on the E coaft of
NewlV>u!ullmK.l.
Har^' Jjiili.iit!, inhabit near M'Kenzie't
river in tiie N W part of N. America.
Harji,r<l Co. In Maryland, is bounded
N by York co. I'ennfyivania ; E by Suf-
quehanna river and Chefapeak Bay.
The chief waters within the county are
Bufli river and Deer creek ; on which aie
16 mills of diflTerent kinds. On the former
and its branches are the towns of Har-
ford, Abington, Coopftown, and Belle Air.
The other towns are Havre de Grafs at
the mouth of Sufquehanna, and Joppa
below the forks of Gunpowder. It con-
tains 17,626 inhabitants, including 4264
flaves. Chief town. Belle Air.
Harford, a port town in Harford co.
Maryland, lies at the head of the tide wa-
ters of Bufli river, between Binams and
James's runs ; the former feparating it
from Abington. It has few houfes, and
is falling to decay fuice the courts of juf-
ticc have been removed to Belle Air. It
is 9 miles S E of Belle Air, and 25 N E
by E of Baltimore.
Harlem, a townfliip in Kennebeck co.
Maine, incorporated in 1796. It was
formerly called "Jones^ Plantation. It is 19
miles N Eof Hallowell, 47 from Pownal-
borough, and 213 N E by N of Bofton,
and has 262 inhabitants.
Hariem, or E. Kiver, a river which con-
ncdl:s L. Ifland Sound with Hudfou river,
and forms York Ifland.
HarLm, a divIGon of N. York co. in the
northern part of York Ifland, which con-
tained in 1790, 803 inhabitants. The
village of its name ftands 9 miles north-
erly of N. York city, and 4 S W of M'.
Cheftcr, oppolitc to the W end of Hell
Gate.
Harmons Station, In Kentucky, is a fort
on the E fide of the W branch of Big
Sandy river. On the oppofite fide of this
branch is the Great Salt Spring. Ilar-
man's Station is about 20 miles S of Van-
couver's fort.
Harmar, a Well conftruc5led fort in the
N. W. Territory, lituated at the mouth of
the Mufltingum. It had in 1796,5 baf-
tions, aod 3 cwQoa mounted, and wa»
garjo^uued
. HAR
garrifoncd hy 4 companies. Tt is con-
veniently fituatcd to reinforce any of tlie
ports up or down the river Ohio. 'Die
place is remarkably he;ilthy.
Harmoii'i,;\ townlliip in Kcnnchcck CO.
near Coriiville ; incorporated i"o,3.
Hiirmony, a village in J.iizcrne CO.
Pennfvlvania, clofe on the line of N. York
on the N fide of Starucca crock, a water
of the E branch of Surijuclianna river.
Between this and Stockport on Delaware
river,dilbant 18 miles E S E, there is a port-
age. It is about 140 miles N by W of
Philadelphia, and 130 N W of N. York.
N.lat.4i58-
Harpatb, a fmall boatable river In Tcn-
eJee, which, after a N N W courfe of
about 40 miles, falls into Cumberland
river, 19 miles N W of Naflivillc.
Ilarpirs Ferry, Berkley CO. Virginia.
Here is a port ollicc, 65 miles from Wafli-
iiigton. Here is alio an armoury belong-
ing to the United States, at which mul-
kcts and bayonets arc manufadbured.
JlitrpersfielJ, a pofl: town in Delaware
CO. in N. York, bounded S W by Unadilla
townfliip, and 3a miles S E of Coopcrf-
town. Through this town runs the great
port road from Hiidfon toWilliamfburgh,
6z miles W of Hudfoa city. It contains
1013 inhabitants.
Harphy or Marple, a townfliip in Dcla-
Wareco.Pennfylvania, has 761 inhabitants.
Hjrpfwell, a townfliip iu Cund>erlaud
CO. Maine, incorporated in 1758, and con-
Jains 1049 inhabitants. It is bounded caft-
erly by Georgetown ; from which it is fep-
arated by a navigable river. The people
here have opened a communication by a
catial between the waters of Kennebeck
river and thofe of Cafco Bay, through the
arm of the fea called Stevens's river. The
point called Alerryconeag, proje<Si;ing
itfelf Into the bay together with the ifl-
and Sebafcodeagan, and feveral other
fmall iflands, are incorporated and form
this townfliip The waters round this
ifland extend to within two miles of the
waters of the Kennebeck, and thus form
what is called Small Point.
Harrington, a town in Waflilngton co.
Maine, at the head of Narraguagus bay.
It has 498 inhabitants. SeeKartagungus.
Harrington, a townfliip in Bergeu co.
N. Jerfey.
IJiirriJhurg, Originally LouiJhurgI), a poft
town, and the capital of Dauphine co.
Pennfylvania, Is fituated on the N E bank
of Sufquehanna river. It Is laid out reg-
ularly, and coataiiu about 400 Iwulet i of
H A R
which fcvcral arc neat and convenient ;
, Ibmc of brick and otiici s of ftoiie ; a lh)ne
. j';aol, a Gorn'.an clnircli, and a cmirt houJ'c.
[ 'I'iio coiirf lioiife is 91 feet in fr.iiit, and
50 feet deep, with a cupola and Lell. Ini-
mcnic quriulitiesof himhcr are .niniially
brought here from the country rbove,
and tiicrc ate confiderablc quiuititicf; of
leather, hiits, and nnils nianufaiihircd. It
has 1472 if.'habit.iiits, .nul is 107 miles VV
N W of I'hiladelphia, S3 W S W of Rend-
ing, and 17 E N E of C'arlille. K lat.
40 1 6.
Hani/on, a townfliip in W. C'hcflcr co.
N.York, containing o_s6 iiih;.biiai.;s.
Harr'fcn, a CO. in tlie weHcrn part of
Virginia, bounded N by Ohio co. N !■'. by
Monongalia, S by Greeiil)riar,and .S W by
Kenhawa. Its length is about 120 mile«,
its breadth 80 ; and tlic ninnbcr of inh;i]i-
itants 4603 free and 245 ilaves. Ciiicf
town, Clarkf!)urg.
Jlcirijln, a CO. in the N E ]iart of
the flate of Kentucky, N of Biuirl-on.
It is well watered by the .S. fork of Lick-
ing and feveral otlicr ftrcams. It con-
tains 4263 Inhabitants. Chief town,
Cynthiana.
Harr'ifiidiurgh, .See Rocihigfjnm,
Hinrorljhurg, or Hiirr'xJJlriivn, a poft
town in Mercer co. Kentucky, at tlie
head of Salt river, which contains about
20 houfes, and is 10 miles S W of D.^nvil-
le, 30 S by W of Frankfort, and 825 S \T
of Philadelphia.
Harfms JJland, near the entrance of the
river, St. Clair, in lake St. Clair, E of
Thompfon"'s Ifland; it contains 300 acre*
of land fit for culture ; the other part»
of it are meadow and marfli.
Hart/orJ, a tov.'nfliip in Windfot cO.
Vermont, on Connecticut river, oppc.fite
the town of Lebanon, in N. Ilampfliirew
It contains 1594 inhabitants.
Hartford, a pofl town, in Ontario do. oa
the E bank of CeaefTce river, N. York, 40
miles W of Geneva, and (>■] SEbyEof
Fort Niagara, has ^t^s Inhabitants.
Hartford, a town In Cumbeiland ca
Maine, bounded by Livermore on the E,
and Sumner on the W, has 243 Inhabit-
ants.
Hartford, a fertile and populous, though
hilly CO. In Conue<n:icut, bounded N by the
flate of Maflachufetts ; S by part of Mid-
dlefex and N. Haven counties ; E by Tol-
land, and W by Litchfield co. It is r^Lout
34 miles from N to S, and its grcattfl:
breadth from E to W is 30 miles. It is
divKied into IJ tOWQillip», and contain*
4*,I47
13
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lifT'i
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ll|
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p.-, H'
f '
.'i»:
fV
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'T %H
I!AR
H Al?
4^,147 inlnbitanti. Chief town, Hart-
ford.
Hartford City, the capital of Conncfki-
cut, lies on the W h.iuk. ol' Cunma'^icut
river, in the county iind townfliip of i's
own name, 50 miles nortlisVeflerly from
the m')iith of the river, at Sayhniok Par,
in r. Klaud Sound ; and thus far the tide
flows. The towndiip is 6 miles fquire,
bounded N by Windfor, N E liy K. Wind-
for, W by F.iriniiigton, F. l>y V ILirtfunl,
S F. by Glaflonbury and S by Wit'.ersfield.
'i'lie town iH divided by a finall ftroani culU
«'d Little R. vvithhii^hro'ii.-mtic banks, over
which is a bridge 'ronncrting tlie two divi-
fionsof thetown. 'J"he city is regularly laid
out, the ft'-eets interfering t.ich other at
right angles. Its building* are nn elegant
ft itchoufe, 2 churches for Congregational-
jfts,i for F.pifcopalians, and between 4 and
500 dwelling houfes ; a number of which
are handfomely built with brick. The
rumber of inhabitants are 5347- A b:\nk
was incorporated in 1792, wit!i 100,000
<1i)llars capital, number of fliares 150
The corporation have the power to
extend their capital to 500,000 dollars. A
%voollon manufacftory was eftablifliedhere
and encouraged by the ftate, but has not
fuccceded. The town is advantageoully
fituatcd for trade, has a fine back coun-
try, enters largely into the mamifadiuring
bufinefs, and is a rich, flourilhing, com-
mercial town. It was firft fettled in the
year 1636, by Mr. Haynes and Mr. Hook-
er, who, with their adherents, removed
from Maflachufetts. The Dutch had
then a trading houfe at the confluence of
Mill and Connedlicut rivers. Tliey foon
relinquiilied the fettlement, and their
isnds were confifcated by a commiOion
from the Commonwealth of Fngland in
1653. A point of laud, which formed
part of their poffeffions, is ftiil called
Dutch Point. It is 40 miles N E by N of
N. Haven, 55 N W of N. London, 124 S
' W of Boflon, ia8 N E of N. York, 423 N
r. of Philadelphia, 50a from Richmond,
576 from Wafliington city, 1044 from
Augufta, and 1018 from Frankfort in
Kentucky. N lat. 41 44, W Ion. 72 50.
Hartford, a CO. of Maryland. See Hav
ford.
Hartfrd, a poll town, Ohio co. Kentuc-
ky, "j^h miles from Wafliington, has 56
jnliabitant'i.
Hurtlurd, a townfliip of ConneiT^icnt,
the N eaflernmoU in latchfielj co. It has
J 31 8 inhabitants.
Hartlmdy a poll town in Windfor co.
Vermont, on the W bank of ConnrAiatl
ri\rer, 11 miles below the 15 mile fall*,
has 19^0 inhabitants.
Iiir-vard, a townlbip in the eaftern pnrt
of Worcefler co. Maflnchufitts, 23 mili'i
N E of Worcefter, and 35 N W of Boflon.
i It v^as incorporated in 1 73a, by this nam?,
in honor of the ftnmdcr of Mai var^l Uni-
verfity in Cambridge. It has 1400 inhab-
itants.
JT.irvard Univfrpty. See Cjinii ii/jrf.
Far-iv'tch, a pod town on Capo Cod, in
B;irnftablc ro. MafTarhufett", lying h«-
twccn Yarmouth and Chatham, about 8)}
miles S Eof Boflon, containing 28.';7inh;'.h-
itan!9. It extends quite acrofs the cape,
, wlilch is here about 6 miles over. Their
marine bufiiiefs lies cliicfly in the fiflicry.
The remains of the Indians of tl.is tov/n-
fliip arc only 6 or 7 fouls. They live at
Pot:imirr<7iiiut.
Hiirrvich, a townfi.ip in Rutland co.
Vermont, containing 153 inhabitants,
watered by Otter creek and one of its
branches.
jfTtirzvi'r^tin, a pofl town of Conrc(*>I-
i cut, in Litchfield co. 8 miles E of Litrh-
field, and 24 W by N of Hartford. It has
1431 inhabitants.
Harrvich 'Totvnfa'f', in the vedern dif-
triA, U. Canada, lies to the W of How-
ard, having lake Erie on the S, and the
river Thames on the N.
Hiifln^t Co. in U. Canada, is bounded
on the E by the county of Lenox ; on the
S by the bay of Quinte, until it meets a
boundary on the eaflernmoft lliore of the
river Trent ; thence along that river un-
til it intcrfedls the rear of the ninth con-
celTion ; thence by a line running N x6'*
AV , until it injerfedts the Ottawa or Grand
river, thence defcending the faid river
until it meets the N weftcrumoft boundary
of the county of Addington. The coun-
ty comprehends all the iflands near it, in
tncbay of Quinte and river Trent. The
grentcr part of the county fronts the hay
of Quinte. Smyilu
Hiithormif^b. or Hutfuld, a town in Mont-
gomery CO. Pcnnfylvania, on the N F. fide
of Panncpackcveck, which runs into Del-
aware R. about 5 miles above Frankfort.
It contains about ao houfes, and has a li-
brary of more than 1000 volumes, and
5ao inhabitants.
H.itrba Ci'iifs. See Pearl P'.vcr.
Ifiit(h}. See Pi-arl River.
Ujtchy, a navi-jable river in the flatc of
Tcn« (Tee, runs weflcrly intotheMiflifippi,
about ij> miles N of Wolf river, and is a-
• lout
ocean, from tl
I
Mat* ,
bout 80 jards wide 7 miles from its mouth.
HatJuUy a vtry pleafant town in Hamp-
iliire cu. Mairachui'ectti, iitiuttd on the
W bank of a bend of Couneiflicut rivtr,
where it is So rods wide, 5 milci N uf
Northampton, and 100 W of Bofton. It
lies chiefly on one flrcet, and contains
103 houfts, and So> iuhabitauts. Here
are two ferries on CunnciSticut river ; the
one to Hadlty, 1 lie oihci 10 Amhtrft. N
of the ferry 10 Amherlt, the river mceis
with a bed of rotlvs, wfiich lelFeni its
breadth zo or 30 rodi ; no fall, but a
large eddy at hi^^jii w;iur.
HatLy, a townfliip in L. Canada, hav-
ing Stanftead S, the northern fork of L.
Memphrtjnagog W, ai;d Afcot W ; con-
taining about 300 fouls. Lake Toniefobi
is in this lownthip.
Huiteriii, is the mod remark.ibte and
dangerous cape on the coall: of N. Amer-
ica. This point extends far into the
ocean, from the coaft of N. Carolina, In
35 15 N lat. The water is very ilio»l at
a great d!(\ance from the cape, which is
remarkable for fudden fqualls of wind,
and for the mod fcvere (lorms of thunder,
lightning and rain, which happen alnioft
every day, during one half the year. At
thciimcof Sir Waiter Raleigh's ..pproach-
ing this coad, the llioals in the vicinity of
Hatteras were found lo dang(rou8, 1'otx-
fenfive, and lb fliallow, m^ny of them
covered with not more than 5 or 6 feet
Water, that no vellcls, in ihat latitude,
ventured within 7 leagues of the land.
At prefent the out flioals, which lie about
14 miles S W of the cape, are but of j or
6 acres extent, and where they are really
dangerous to vell'cls of moderate draught,
nut above half that exteivt. On the lliual-
fft part of thefc is about to feet at low
water ; and here, at times, the ocean
breaks in a tremendous manner, fpouting,
as it were, to the clouds, from the violent
agitation of the Gulf Stream, which
touches the eaftern edge t)f the banks,
from which the declivity is fudden, that
is to fay, fron\ 10 fathoms to no found-
ings. On the fpot abovemcntioiied, which
it firm fand, it has been the lot of many
a good vtficl to flrike, in a gale of wind,
and go to pieces. In moderate weather,
however, thefc flioals may be pafled over,
if nccefTary, at full tide, without much
danger, by vcfltls not drawing more than
8, 9, or 10 fctt waitr. From this bank,
formerly of vafl extent, and callLd the
full Moon Sl.rjul, a rid'^e runs tl'.e whcle
diili^C^. to ti^e C3^)C abuut « N Wcourfr,
HAT
is about half a mile wide, and at loAir n-.f.
ter has generally io, 11, and 1 a feet water.-
There are gaps at equal intervals, af-
fording channels of about 15 or i6 feet
water. The mod noted of thcfe is about
a, mile and a ludf from the land, and is ac>
lead two miles and a half wide, and might
at full fea be fafely palled by the large It
fli'ps ; but ia rarely ufcd except by coad-
ing veflels. It may be eafily known by
a range of breakers alwa)S fcen on the
W ilUc, and a breaker head or two on
the eadera fide ; which, however are net
fo eonftant, only appearing when the ft.i
is confiderahly agitated. A little N o(
the cape is good anclioring in 4 or 5
fathoms ; and with the wind to the weft-
ward, a boat irtay land in fafttv, fiud evci*
bring otFcaiTis of fiefli water, plenty ot'
which i-* to be found every whcie on tlic-
beach, by dij^ging a foot or two, and put-
ting a barret into the land.
HaitoHi Futil, on Tugcio river, a village
16 miWs from Pendleton court houl'e, ia
S. Carolina, and 1 7 from Franklin court-
houfe, in Georgia.
linut I/e, or IJ2e 0/ Holt, is the fonth-
crnmod of the large illands in Pcuoblco^
bay, ia Lincoln co. Maine.
HavaimuL, a ftrong'y foi tified feaport
town, on the northern fide of the itland
of Cuba, capital of the ifland, 191 niilca
almoft diredlly S of Cape Florida, an J
ronfequently commands the gulf of that
name. Its great ftrcngth, importance,
and happy iituaiion, occaiion it to be
called the key of the W. Indies. It is fa-
mous lor its hatbour, which is fo large
that it may hold icco velTels, and yet the
mouth is fo narrow that only one fliip
can enter at a time. This is the place'
where all the fliips that come from th«;
Spaniili I'cttlerninti rendezvous on theif
return to Spain. 'I he entrance into the
harbour is well defended by forts and
platforms of great guns. The town, fit-
uated on the weft fide of the harbour,
contains above aooo houfcs, with a great
number of rich churches and convents.
It is a place of great commerce ; the reft-
dcnce of the governor of the illand, and
other n)yal ofticers, the b'fliop of St. Jago,
and mod men of fortune belonging to the
ifland. It was t.ktn by the firitilli in
1762, but redond to the Spaniards by
the treaty (>f peace in 176J. It is 30
miles W of the town of Santa Cruz, and
?4 nilks from Cape Std. N lat. aj n,
W Ion. 8i 1,5.
Jlai'ffbid^ a townlliip in Delaware ce.
Painfylvania*
f I- ;...■,
I ^ 1 •
.f t
14 A V
HAY
t*cnnfytvanln, lias 601; Jnliabitmils.
H.ivr/.'!//, ;i port town of N. Hiuiiplliirc,
and li:ilf fliirc town of Orafton co. fitu-
jiteil on tlic r. fide iif CounctHiiciit river,
ill Lower Co(w, It has bttwcca 40 aiul
50 compaiil: hoiiil's u well conftnicU'd
court hoiifc, ajid a congregational church
Tills town was incorporated in i76j,rtnd
contains "05 inhabif.ints. In it is a bfd
of iron ore, wliivh La-, yielded I'omc profit
to tiie proprietor, alio a iju.ury of frtc-
llonc, lit for ticarilis and cl-.iiniicy pitct-!.-.
It lias aH'o a tnlliiii; mill, an oil intll, and
many other txcclLnt inill feats. It is
oppolitc to Kc'whury in Vermont, 35
jiiiles aliove Uartmouili colle^;e, 119 miles
N W of Portl'inoiith.
Hui'trhiH, a handfoiTie port town of
Maflacluil'ctts, in Eflei: co. tiftated on a
declivity on the N liJc of Merrimack
river, acroi's wliich is an cltj^ant brid^;c,
conne;'lin;:f this town with Bradfoid, 650
feet lonjj and .14 wide. It has 3 arches,
of 180 feet each, I'upportcd by 3 hand-
lonie (lone piers, 40 feet Iquare ; alio a
draw of 30 feet, over tJic channel «)f the
river, Haverhill has a conliderable in-
land trade, lying about 3Z miles N by W
of Boflon, and la miles f om Ncwbury-
port, at the mouth of the river, and about
«8 S W of rortfmouth. It lies chiefly
upon two ftreets ; the principal of which
runs parallel with the river. Vtflels of
500 tons burden can go up to it. Trav-
ellers arc fhuck with the pleafantnefs of
the iltuation ; and a number of neat and
■well finiflied houfes give it an air of ele-
gance. Here are 3 dillillcriea, one of
which has lately underj^one a laudable
tranfmutation into a brewery. Some
veflels arc annually built here, and fev-
tral arc employed in the \V. India trade.
A mauufai^ory of failcloth was begun
here in 1789, and is laid to be in a proni-
ifing way. The trade of the place, how-
ever, is conlidcrably Id's than before the
revolution. The whole townfliip con-
tains 330 houfes, 2730 inhabitants, and
4 meeting houfes, i for liaptifts,. and 3 for
Congregationalifls.
Haverfiraiv Huy, in Hudfon river, 38
miles above N. York city, Ipreads S of
Stony point, and before the townof itsown
name, is lo miles long and about 3 wide.
HavetJIrdiu, a townfliip in Rockland
CO. N. York, 0!i the W lidi: of the above
bay, 35 miles Nof N. York city. It con-
tains 1233 inhuliitants.
Hivij lie Gi\tcc-, or (!i<ts, a port town
and port of c»cry in iiarlurd to, Marj'-
land.onthc Wfideof Suf(pichanna rlvn*,
at its month in Chci'apeak bay. It etm-
tains about 40 houfes, 350 inhabitants,
and is the port of entry for all ihe ihurci
«)f Chcfapeak bay above Turkey point.
It is 6 niilfi W by S of Charlefton iu Ct-
cil county, 37 N K of Baltimore, and 65
W ;; W of i'liiladclphia. N lat. 3-; 39.
Ha~u, a wa'cr of C.ipc Fear, wlij. h
unites with Deep river. It may lie rcii-
dertd navigable for 50 miles. See Siix.u'
piiLntu Rimer.
Hfii-k:, a townfliip in Rockingham co,
N. Hampfliire, Wi's incorporated in 1760,
and contains 389 inhabitant^:.
Ha-.i-hjhiir^ 'Toivnjhip, in the counfy of
Glengary, U. Canada, lies on the Ottawa
river, adjoining J,. Canada.
liciit'iins, :i county ill Wafliington dil'«
tri<ft, Tenellie, having 6563 inhabitimfs,
Jnclulivcuf 811 flaves. f.'hief town,Rog-
erfville. It is bounded N by Viri.;inia, K
by Wafliington and Sullivan couniitf.
It is watered by the Holflon and Clinch
rivers.
Ha utins Court Hoiife, in Tencflec, is 25
miles from Freeftone Gap, ^^ from Abing-
don, and 178 from Danville in Kentucky,
Here is a pod ofHce.
Hatvh's Bay. on the coaft of W. Florida,
weflward of the mouth of Mobile bay, is
between Pelican and Dauphin ilhinds.
There is a broad channel of 11 and la
feet water, afterwards fafe anchorage in 4
fathoms, good holding ground, and fliel-
tered from moft winds ; on which account
it is very convenient for fmall veflels.
Ilaivkes Harbour, is an arm of Igorna-
choix bay, Newfoundland Idand.
Haivley, a townfhip in Hampfliire co.
Mailachuletts, 120 miles W of Bodon.
It has 878 inhabitants. It is about 20
miles N W of Northampton.
Haw lii-ver. Orange co. N. Carolina.
Here is a poll office, 330 miles from Wafli-
ington.
Haitijhtll Mills, Shenandoah co, Vir-
ginia, where is a poft office, 150 miles
from Wafliington.
H.jycscis, a I'mall ifle in Delaware river,
about 7 miles below Earton, in North-
ampton CO. Pcnnfylvania.
Htiye's JJla/iJ, a fniall ifland of New
South Wales formed by the rivers Nclfcn
and Hayes. At the mouth of Nell'on R.
flands Fort York; which, as well as Ntl-
fon K. is Called Bourbon by the French.
Hnymar/uf, Pi ince William co. Vir;j;inia.
Here is a oult affice, 38 miles from Wafli-
iajton.
Hjyvjic-fsin,
HEl
HEM
Tfiiyivooil/horo, a port town,Chat1um co.
N. Carolina, 30J miles from Wafliiiijiton.
Hayne't Fort, CJoiiel, h fitu.itcd in Ncl-
fon CO. Kentucky, on the N Adc of Green
river, 23 miles W of Craig's Fort, and J3
from the Ohio.
Head (if Stiffi'fras, Kent CO. Maryland.
Here is u poft office, 109 miles from Wafli-
ington.
Hiatbf a townQiip in JIampfliire co.
MafTachufctts, incorporated in 1785, and
is no miles N W of Bofton, and .about 18
miles N N W of Northampton, and 1 con-
tains 604 inhabitants.
Hibrun, a town in Gr^afton co. N. Ilanip-
fliire, containing a8i inhabitants.
Heircii, a town in CuniLerland co.
Maine, on the N E fide of Little Androf-
cojggin, was incorporated in 179a ; 3s
miles Nby Wof Portland.
Hebron, a poft town in Wafliington co.
N. York, containing ajaS inliabitants.
Hebron, a poft town in 'I'cUand co. Con-
nedlicut, fettled in 1704 from Northanrp-
ton. MoA of the lands were given Ly
jolliua, fachem of the Mohegan tribe, in
his laft will and tcfiament. It liesbetwccn
Lebanon and Glaflenbuiy, about 18 miles
S E of Hartford, and 1 6 JS of TvJland. It
has a266 inhabitants.
Hebron, a Moravian fcttlemicnt in Penn-
fylvania, 16 miles from Litiz, which is 70
Jiiiles nortlicrly of Philadelpliia. This
lettlement bcpn in 1757.
HtHor, a military towafliip in R York,
•u the E (idcof SenecaLake near the Send,
having Ovid on the N, and Npwton town-
fhip on the S, and ■*<) miks S by W of the
ferry on Cayuga Lake. It has a noft office.
He'idelburg, a Moravian fettfement in
Pennfylvania, begun in 1743 ; fituated 34
miles from Litiz, which i» in Warwick
townflnp, Lancaft6r co.
Heidetburg, a Iiandfome town in Dau-
phinc CO. Pennfylvania, containing about
100 houfcs and two German churches for
Lutherans ard Calvinifts ; one of the
churches is ». handfome ftone building.
It contains 1990 inhabitants. It is 33
miles E by N of Harrilburg, and 74 N W
by W of Philadelphia. Tliere pre two
other townfliips of this name in the ftate,
the one in York co. the other in that of
Northampton, having 1338 inhabitaAts.
Height of Land, a range of mountains
which extend from S W to the N
E, and feparates the diftri(5t of Maine
from L. Canada, giving rile to many riv-
ers which fall into St. Lawrence river,
and others which fall into the Atlautic
Vot. I. D d
Ocean. The principal growth bctvvefcH
the Height of r.and and bt. Irancis river
is beech, maple, birch, licmlv.ck und tir,
very few white piues, and no oiik of any
fort. Sumo of tUc rivets have fmc inter-
vals.
Helena TJand, St. on the coaft of S. Caro-
lina, with the iiiain land on the N, funi.s
.St. Helena Sound or entranoe, and giveo
naiae to a parill; in 13eaufoi t dillridt.
Helena I'aiijl, iJi. in Lcauiort diftricl, S.
Carolina, conltdb of a cluitcr of iiiands, on
the S W fiile of St. iie'ena Uland, cue of
the largcft of which is Tort Ria;i1. Acljii-
cent to Port Royal arc St. Helena, Ladies,
Parisj.and Himting Ulands. 'llie Hunting
Illands arc 5 or 6 in number, bordcriii^
on the ocean, fo called trom tlie number
of deer and otlujr g;ar.e louud upon thtni.
All thcfc iiiands, and fonie others of iefs
note belong to this parilh. 'Ihe prcducu
of the iiiands is riie, indigo, cotton, toiu,
and fvvcct potatoes ; the cultivation of
which, as well as in other parts of the
ftate. Is entirely eairicd on. b_y iiavoif.
Tax€S paid by St. Helena parilh £ T144
13 2. Chief town, UeauJort, on I'ort
Royal ifland, which has 694 inliabitants.
The other parts of tlie pariili coju.*iu
2970 inhabitants.
Helena, St. a town on the coaft of Flori-
da, built by the Spaniards, and burnt by
Sir Fiancis Drake in 1585.
Hell Gate, this celebrated ftrait is near
the W end of L. Ifland Sound, oppoiite to
Harlem in York Ifland, and about 8 miles
N £ of N. York city, and is remarkable
for its whirlpools, which make a tremen-
dous roaring at certain times of the tide.
Tbefe whirpools are occafioned by the
narrownefs and crookedncls cf the paf-
fage, and a bed of rocks wluch extend
quite acrofs it ; and not by the meeting of
the tides from £ to W, as has been con-
je«aured, becaufe they meet Frog's Point,
r3veral miles above. A fkiiful pilot may
condudl a fliip of any burden, with lafc-
ty, through this ftrait, at high water with
the tide, or at low water with a fair wind.
There is a tradition among the Indians,
that in fome diftant period, in former
times, their anceftors could ftep from rock
to rock, and crofs this arm of the fca ou
foot at Hell Gate.
Hcmloci, a lake irt N. York ft.Ue, la
miles lonj, and 1 broad, in the Geucfiee
country.
Hemlock, a ftrcam which falls into Pc-
nobfcot ou its WfidcinTownlliip llo. 4,
about 9 miles above the Great Falls.
HaxlifuU,
V ; ■
HEN
HER
JJemfi/itlJfthe name of two townfliips
in Penulylvania, the one in Lancafler co.
the other in that of Wcnmoreland.
Hemjleat/, towns, in Qnccn and Rock-
laud counties, N. York. See Hampflead.
Hendtrfon, the chief town of Montgom-
ery CO. N. Carolina, Icated at the conflu-
ence of the Yadkin and Huarry rivers,
•which form the Great Pedec. It has a
court houfe, 35 miles from Salifbury.
HendtrfoHs Grant, a traiSt 12 miles
fquare, on the peninfuia formed by the
jundtion of Green river with the Ohio,
in the Itate of Kentucky.
Henderfon, a CO. of Kentucky which in-
cludes the greater part ol the above grant,
containing 1 263 inhabitants, oi whom 340
are flaven.
llenderfan, a pod town of the above co.
786 miles from Waihington.
Htnderfontotvn, a poft town, Montgom-
ery CO. N. Carolina, 455 miles from Waih-
ington.
Henderfonville, a poft town, Nottoway
CO. Virginia, 204 miles from Wafliiugton.
HenderfoHvitle, a poft town, Sumner co.
Teneflee,7ao miles from Wafhiogton.
Henley Houfe, a ftation of the Hudfon's
Bay Company, on the N bank of Albany
river, in New South Wales, 150 miles S
"W of Albany Fort, .-vnd no N W by W
of firunfwick Houfe. N lat. 51 14 27,
Wlon. 8j5 54.
Heiimker, a townfliip in Hillfbcrough
CO. N. HampHiire, about 12 miles W of
Concord. In 177J, it containcu 367, in
2790, 1127, and iniSoo, 1476, inhabitants.
Henlopen, Cape, forms the S W fide of
the entrance of Delaware Bay, and Cape
May the N E fide, 28 miles apart. Cape
Henlopen lies in N lat. 38 50, and in W
Ion. 7j a6. There is a light houfe here,
a few miles below the town of Lewis, o'
an odbagon form, handfomely built of
ftone 115 feet high, and its foundation is
nearly as much above the level of the fea.
The lantern is between 7 and 8' feet
fquare, lighted with 8 lamps, and may be
fecn in the night 10 leagues off at fea.
Its annual expenfe is abont £.650.
There is a ftrong iron net work, in order
to prevent birds from breaking the glafs
at night. Yet fo attradlive is the light to
tljc winged tribe, that (Iiortly after its
«re<flion, 110 birds of different kinds
■^vcre found dead one morning, and a
duck, in particular flew againft it with
fuch force, as to penetrate through both
the wire and glafs, and was found dead
in the lantern. Since the above accident,
few fimilar ones have occurred, and the
birds have become more wary VcffcU off
Delaware, upon difplaying a jack at the
the foretopmaft head, will be immediately
furniflied with a pilot. None, however,
are to be depended upon, unlefs they are
furniihcd with branches, and with a cer-
tificate from the board of wardens of
Philadelphia.
Henrico, a CO. of Virginia, about 30
miles long, and 7 broad, contains 4541
free inhabitant!), and 4608 flaves. Ic is
furroundcd by Hanover, Charles City,
and Goochland counties, and James river.
A number of coal mines are in the co.
and pits have been opened by many uf
the proprietors, and worked to confidora-
hle profit The coils in fcveral of the
pits are found nearly 200 feet altove the
level of the river, and 3 or 4 feci below
the furface of the ground. It is fuppof-'
ed that 500,000 buflicls might be ruifcd
from one of thefe in a year. Chief town,
Richmond.
Henriquelle, a remarkable fait |)ond in
the Spanifli part of the ifland of St. Do.
mingo, about 22 leagues in circuit. It is
inhabited by lizards and alligators, and
land tortoifes, all of a large fize. The wa-
ter is deep, clear, bitter and fait, and h»s
a difagreeable fmell. Near the middle of
this pond is an ifland about 1 leagues
long, and a league wide, in which is a
fpring of frcfli water, well flocked with
eabritoes, and thcncc called Cairito ijland.
This pond is about 11 leagues £ of Port
au Prince.
Henry, a cape, the N eaftern extremity
of Princefs Ann co. in Virginia, I2 miles
S by W of Cape Charles in Northampton
CO. Thefe capes form the entrance of
Chefapeak Bay. Cape Henry lies in N
lat. 37, Wlon. 76 16.
Henry, a fort in P"nnfylvania, 8 miles
N by W of Mycr's Town, at the head of
Tulpehocken creek, 32 N of Lane alter,
and nearly 37 S E of Sunbury.
Henry, a mountainous and hilly co. of
Virginia, bounded N by Franklin, S and
S E by Patrick, S W by Grifon, and N
V/ and W by Montgomery. It is about
40 miles long, 15 broad, and contains
3844 free inhabitants and i4ii flaves.
At the court houfe is a poft office.
Henry, a CO. of Kentucky, containing
3258 inhabitants, 406 being flaves.
Hentionltan, an ifland in the N E part of
Lake Huron.
Heriemer, a CO. of N. York, divided
into 8 townfliips, viz. German flats,
Warren,
•I 'ill I
M
'*1'''"'"
-11
HER
Warrett, Frankfort, and Litchfield, form-
ed out of German jluu in Ftb. 1796. Her-
kimer, Fairfield and Norway, formed
out of Fairfield^ Feb. 1796. Schuyler.
This county contains 14,479 inhabitants.
1'hc height of land near the weftcrn part
of this county is at fort Scanwix. Hence
the dreams flow in oppofite direiStions, to
the Hudfon and Lake Ontario. Boitfs
afcend the Mohawk, at fort St:inwix pafs
thro' the canal into Wood Creek, dt-fcend
the (Iream into Oneida Lake, thence thro'
Onondugo and Ofwego river into Lake
Ontario. I'wo canals with locks are
completed, one uniting the Mohawk and
Wood Creek, and is a i\ miles in length;
the other at Little Falls is ^ of a mile
long. When the canal at the mouth of the
Mohawk is completed, thecity of N. York
will enjoy an inland navigation to Ni^tga-
ra, 520 miles without one carrying plucc.
Herkemer, a pod and chief town of the
alwve county, is fituated on the N fide of
Mohawk R. The towafliip includes the
Tillage called Little German Flats, and the
celebrated plain called German Flats.
The village contains a coUrt houfe, gaol, a
Dutch church, and about 40 dwelling
houfes, which lad are very indifferent
buildings. It is 80 miles N W by W of
Albany, 16 S £ of old Fort Schuyler, and
20 in a like direction from Wliitedown.
fn the midd of the flats is a fhrub oak
plain of 80 or 100 acres, barren and
ftony, of no ufe but for building lots.
The townfliip is named in honor of gen-
eral Herkemer, who was mortally wound-
ed in the late war. It contained in 1796,
by the date cenfus, 2073, and in 1800,
aj34 idhabitants.
Hero, North, an ifland in Lake Cham-
plain, is a towndiip annexed to Chitten-
den CO. in Vermont, and contained in ^ 7 90,
125 inhabitants. It is 13 miles in length,
and a in breadth.
Htro, South, an ifland in the fame lake,
belonging to Chittenden co. Vermont, is a
townihip and port of entry, and contains
678^inhabitants. It is 14 miles long, and
3^ broad. Numerous fmall iflcs furround
the Heroes. This ifland produces good
crops of wheat and other grain. In it is
a quarry of bluidi grey marble, which has
the appearance of being a petrifaction of
fcallops, a fpccies of fliell common in the
vicinity of the lake, together with the
common earth of the fliore, which is of a
marley fubdancc. South Hero was divid-
ed into 2 townfliipsin 1798, the fouthem-
moft retains its original uame, and the
HIG
northernmod that of Middle Hero, and cqn*
tains 621 inhabitants.
Heron, Poft au, at the bay of Mobile, in
W. Florida, is 18 miles £ of Pafcagoula
R.and has 4 feet water; and from thenceto
the point which is on the £ fidr of the bay
of Mobil*, in N lat. 30 1 7, is nearly 6 miles.
Her rids, a place in N. Hampdead,
Queens co. L. Ifland, in N. York, where
a pod office is cdabliflied, 28 miles £ of
N.York city.
Herring Bay, lies on the W fide of Chef-
apeak Bay, Maryland, 26 miles S of An-
napolis, and derives its name from the
fifli of its namewhich frequent it.
Herring Pond Indians. See Sand-wieb.
Hertford, a county df Edcnton didvidl;,
N. Carolina ; bounded N by the date of
Virginia, S by Bertie co. E by Chowan,
and W by Noithamptoii, and contains
6448 inhabitants, of whom 2733 are
flaves. Chief town, Wyhton.
Hertford, a pod tonn of N. Carolina, in
Edenton didridt, and capital of Gates co.
iituated on the W fide of Perquimin's K.
It contains about 20 houfes, a court houfe,
and gaol, and is 18 miles N N £ of Eden-
ton, and 38 S by W of Suffolk in Virginia.
Hervty't Ifle, one of the.iiew difcovercd
iflands, in the S. Sea, vinled by captain
Cookini778. SJaJUi^-fS, W Ion. 159 6.
He-ue, or La Haive, a port and cape on
the S coad of Nova Scotia. Here the
French built a fort, w^ich was taken by
the Britidi with fome lofs of men in 1712.
Hiatjlotvn, a village in^Middlcfex co. N.
Jerfey ; 13 miles northeaderly of Trentpn,
and 17 S by W of Bcunfwick.
Hicksford, a pod town, Greenville co.
Virginia, 209 miles from Wafliington.
Hickman t, a fettlement in Fayette co.
Kentucky, on the N fide of Kentucky R.
10 miles N of Danville and 22 S of Lex-
ington.
Hid Ifland is fituated in tlie N. W. Terri-
tory ; in Plein R. the northern head water
of the Illinois.
Higbgate, a village in Georgia, about 4
miles fromSavannah. See Hampjlead.
Higbgate, the N. wefternmod townfliip
except Alburgh, in Vermont, in Franklin
CO. contains 324 inhabitants.
Highlands, a mountainous tradtof coun-
try on the banks of Hudfon R. in the date
of N. York, between 40 and 60 miles N of
N. York city. The pafTage on the river
through thefe Highlands, for the didance
of about 18 miles, is grand and romantic,
in a high degree. I'he opening feems to
have been formed on purpofe for the
paiTi-n*
¥^i
1 1
\;*/
HIL
lilN
E
ilTt^jjc of this noble river. In tlicfc
■Cfjhlands arc fitiiated the important and
finiotis fortreflt's of Weft Fointr Fort
Montgomery, and Stony Point. The
mofl noted peaks are, a* you afccnd the
river, Thunder Hill, St. Anthony's Nofe,
Sugar Loaf, Butter Hill, and Break Neck
HVII. After pafTing the two laft, the coun<
try opena delightfully, andprcfent* to the
eye the pleafant villages of New Windfor
and Newburgh Thefe mountains abound
with iron ore
Higuey, or Alia Omcia, a city in the S
E part of the Spanifli divifion of St. Do-
mingo, the eaftdrr.mofl of all the fettle-
m«nts in the iflanu celebrated formerly
for its fertility, and the quantity of fugar
it produced. It was formerly the feat of
C.iyacoa, the moft powerful cacique of the
illand. It hau now only about 500 inhalv-
itanta, and is didant about 40 leagues to
the eaftward of St. Domingo, between
xvhich, and Higiicy are three roads, the
circuitous and northernmoft of which
leads by Bayaguana. N lat. 18 30.
Hilh, a river in Nitw S. Wales, which
empties into Hudfon's Bay at York Fort,
Hiilfilule, a poft town in Columbia co.
N. York, I J miles E of Hudfon city, con-
taining 4702 inhabitants.
Hilljboroiigh, an ifland on the Labrador
coaft, on a bay nt the lisuj, of which is
Nain. See Nain.
Hillfborough, a county of N. Hampfliire,
bounded N by Grafton co. S by the ftate
of MafTachuretts, Why Chefluro, and E
by Rockingham co. It contains 43,899 in-
liabitants, who chiefly follow agriculture.
Chief towns, Amherft and Hopkinton.
Hllljboroit^hy a poft town in the above
CO. (ituated on the northern head branch-
es of Contocook R. about 1 8 or 90 miles
W of Concord, was incoi;porated in 17 7 a,
and contains 13 11 inhabitants.
Hilljh'-Tnufrh, a townfliip^ iu'Somerfet co.
N. Jerfey, contained in 1 790, aaoi inhab-
itants, 15 mvlcs W'of Brunfwick, and 18
northerly of Trenton.
Hilljh'irough, a village on theeaftern fide
of Chefapeak Bay, in Caroline co. Mary-
land ; feated on the E fideof Tuckahoc
Creek, one of the chief branches of Chop-
tank R. 7 miles S E by E of Denton, 9 N
W of Greenfborough, and 478 S W of
Chefter,
IIl///barougb,one of the middle diftridts of
N. Carolina, bounded N by the ftate of
Virginia, S by Favetteville diftrlA, E by
Halifax, and W by Salilbury. It com-
prehends^ tke counties of Ora«ville, Per-
fon, Cafwell, Orange, Wake, Cliatliairv
and Randolph; and contains 80,01} in-
halritants, of whom 22,198 arc flavri.
Chief town, Hillfborbligh.
HlUJhorougbttL poft town of N. Carolina,
and capital of the diftridl of its name, is
fituatcd in Orange co. on the N fide of
Eno R. in a high, healthy and fertile
country. It' contains about 80 houfes, a
court no ufe and gaol ; and had in 1788
an academy of 60 or 80 ftudents, patron-
ized by the principal gentlemen of the
ftate. The Eno unites with Little and
Flat rivers, and forms the Neus, about t 7
miles below the town. It is 180 miles W
N W of Newbern, a6 S by W of Perfon
court howfe, 101 W by S of Halifax, no
E N E of Swlilbury, and 45 » S W by S of
Philadelphia:
HUl/ioro, s poft town in I^oudon co.
Virginia, 33 miles from Wafliington.
Hilltop, Charles CO. Maryland, where it
ft poft office 39 miles from Wafliington.
Hillto-wn, a fmali town near the centre
of Chefter co Pennfylvania ; a8 miles W
of Philadelphia, afld 4i N W of Chefter.
Alfo tbe name of a townfliip in Bucks co.
in the fame ftate, having 1 154 inhabitant!!.
Hilton Heait, an idMiii of 3. Carolina.
Wand.9 W of Hilton Head He Pinckney's,
BiilU, Dawfulkies and fome fmaller iflands,
between which and Hilton Head, are Cal-
ibogic R'. ani/^found, which form the out-
let of May. and Nfew rivers.
Hilton t Point, in Pifcataqua R. in N.
Hampfliire, is the fpot where the united
(tream of Newichainiannuckand Cochecho
rivers meets tho wtftern branchand forms
the Pifcataqua i From thence to the fea is
7 miles* thecoutfe generally. S to S E, and
the river is fd° rapid that it never freezes.
Hlnche, a territory and town in the
Spanifli part of St< Domingo. The can-
ton of" Vioche is bounded W by the
French'pari flies of Gbnaives, Petit Rivi^e
andMirebalaisi and coatains with fome
appendages about T2,ooo fouls. The
town contains aliout 500 houfes, aiild, to-
gether with its dependences, 4500 fouls,
500 of whom are capable of bearing arms.
It is fituated on the £ fide of the mouth
of the river Guayamuco, 64 miles N W of
St. Domingo." N lat. 19 3.
. Hinijburgb, a poft town "in Chittenden
CO. in Vermonti lie* E of and joins Char-
lotte on Lake Champlain. It has 933
inhabitants.
Hingham, a poft town in Sufl»>lk co.
MafTachnfetts, fituated on. a fniall bay
which fets up S from Bofton Bay. It
contaiits
^
itdt
not
r6ntaio( a number of houfet compa<!lIy
built, two Congregational churches, and
a well endowed fchool, called, in honor
lit its principal donor and founder,
Derby School. It if 19 miles S E of
Boftun, andaa in a like dire<SUon from
Plymouth. The townOiip it abont 4
milei fquarc, confiils of two pariflies, wa»
incorporated in 1635, and contain* 911%
inhabitants. Here are 6 grift mills, 3
l^w mills, and a fulling mill ; four (^
which are tide mills. Two hills in this
town, one of which is called Baker's Hill,
prefent extenfivc and delightful profpedU
of Bofton Bay, its iflands, and the adjacent
country.
Hiii/jale, in Vermont, now Fcrntn,
which fee.
li'ii\fdale, a townfhip in Chefltire co. N.
HampHiire, on the £ bilnk of Connedticut
river, where the S line of the ftatd (Irikes
the river in 41 4359 N laf and is oppofite
to VtrnttH in Vermont. It was incorporat-
ed in 1753, and contains 634 inhabitants.
It is about 38 miles above Northampton.
Hiram, a poll town in York co. Maine,
bas iL inhabitants.
Hiffauiola. See Si. Domingo.
Hitgbelaga, or Hocbelaga, an Indian vil-
lage in L. Canada, fituated in the ifland
of Montreal, and at the foot of the moun-
tain fo called; It is fortified after the In-
dian manner, and the inhabitants fpeak
the Huron language.
Hittan, a village in Anne Arundel co.
Maryland, 13 miles Vf by S of Balti-
more.
Hiudjetfis the only river of any confe-
^uence which empties into the TencfTee
^om the S. It in a bold river palling
thro,ugh the Cherokee towns, and empties
into the Teneflee alK>ut 40 miles bejow
the mouth of the Clinch, and 46 above
the Whirl or Suck, by land, biit 60 by
wa^r. It is navigable till it penetrates
the mountains on its S iide. Ore was
found in thefe mountains, when in poflef-
fitin of the Britiih, from which gold was
e^tra<Slcd. The Indians know the fpot ;
but are very anxious to keep it a fecret.
A branch of the HiwaiTec, called Amoia,
aknod interlocks a branch of the Mobile,
"fhe portage' between tjiem is fliort, and
tike road firm and level.
HoUJboU. See Tappi. imed.
Hobokeriy a tradl of land in Bergen co.
N. Jerfey, on the W bank of the Hudfon,
in the mountainous country between the
town of Bergen and Fort Lee, abvut 7
wiles above N. York city.
llocltlaga, the ancient name for \\\i
river St. Lawrence.
Httiboctiiig, a river in the Aate of Ohio,
about 18 milei below the Mulkingum,
which it refemblcR, but is inferior to it in
fize. It rifM near a br-tnch of the Scioto,
and taking a S W courfe enters the Oliio,
at Bcllpre, in N lat. 38 57. It is naviga-
ble for large flatbottomcd boats, between
70 and 80 mile4 ; has fine meadows with
high batiks, which are fcldom overflowed,
and rich uplands on its borders. On the
banks of this Ane river are inexhauftible
quarries of freeftone, large beds of irOa
eie, rich mines of lead, and coal pits.
There »ro alfo produ<::^ive fait fprings,
lieds of white and blue clay of an excel-
lent quality. Red bole, and many other
ufeful fofTifs have been found on the banks
of this river.
Hockhoeiing, a port town, kofs CO. Ohio,
4ito miles froni Wafliington.
Hoekquar, or Hoctqiiart, an ifland of U
Canada, on the £ ildcof liake .Superior.
Hog, an ifland on the £ iide of Lake
Champlain, in Franklin ca Vermont, 9
mileU long, and generally about 3 broad.
Hog, an ifland in Narraganfet bay,
Rhode Ifland, about 1 miles iu circumfer-
ence, i miles from Bridol.
Hogton, in Martin co. N. Carolina,
where is a pod! oflice, Z7Z niiles from
Wafliington.
Hog JJland, beloW Peach Ifland in V-
Canada, is fihiated in the (trait of Detroit,
where it opens into lake St. Clair, the
lower end of it is about 2 miles above De-
troit ; it contains about 300 acres of land
fit for tillage, and a large quantity of
marfli or meadow land. It has lome
woodonnt ; the land is low, but valuable
for pafturage, is well improved, and con-
tains in ail about 1700 ftatute acres.
Smyth.
Hogpbege, CtfUamanco, and Cherokee t
names formerly applied to' Tenejpe river.
, Holden, a towniliip in Worccfter co.
Maflachufetts, 7 miles N of Worcefter,
and 51 miles W of Boflion. It contains
114a inhabitants. It was incorporateit^'
in 1740. In the eiirthquake in 1755,
there wefe feveral acrei of land, in an ob-
fcure place in the N E corner of the town-
fliip, quite furrounded by a -vilible frac-
ture in the earth, of a circiiVar form, and
of various width and depth. The fmalF
river there had its bed raifcd fo as t<r
occadon a coniiderable fall of water,
where there was little or none before.
I'he (lump of a tree, that flood diredtly
OVWf
'^ :;rj^f'
1^ \\\
i'-'^flS^i
ttoL
HOM
•Ver thr cliurin, bn the £ Wan divided in-
lu two equal partu, one Oanding ou the
Duttidc of tlic chal'tn, the other upon the-
iniide; but nut uppufite to each other ;
the hah witliin the chafin, being canied
five feet lorward, toward the river.
HolJertiift, a towndiip in Graftoh co.
M. Humplhirc, un the £ fide of Pemigi-
waHet river, was incorporated in 1701,
and contain* i^i inliahiiant*. A corner
uf Squam Lake is in this towndiip ; and
Rattlefiiiike Mountain lies partly in this
and Sandwich, the adjoining townfliip
on tl)c N £. It is 64 inilcs N N W of
Purtfmouih.
IlolJ-witl) Ho/>t, the firft land difcovcrcd
by liudfon on the eadern coaft of Green-
land, in 1607. N lat. 73.
Hole In the Wult, a villuge in Talbot co.
Maryland, on the K fide of Chefapcak
bay ; 7 miles eaftcily of Oxford, and a
liUe didaiice S of Kiilton.
Holland, a townfliip in Hampfliire co.
Maflachurvttii, which, until incorporated
in 1785, was the K parifli of S. Bnnifield,
and is bounded S by Tolland co. in con-
nei^ticut, E by Worccfter co. and north-
ward by Brimlicld. It contains 445 in-
iii»bitant8, and is 75 miles S W by W of
Bo (Ion.
Holland, Company Lands, are fituated in
Pcnnfyivania, on the navigabTe waters of
Alleghany ri-'er and French Creek.
Holland's I/lands are near to, and S of
Hooper's Uland in Chefapcak Bay.
Hollamrs Puint, on the W fide of Chcfa-
peak Bay, together with Parker's Ifland,
loi m the mouth of Herring Bay.
Holland's River, m U. Canada, runs from
the S W, and empties into Cook's bay,
lake Simcor.
Holies, the Nifitijet of the Indians,
a townfliip in Hillfburough co. N. Hamp-
Atre,on the Maflachufetts line, incoipo-
tatedin 1746. It is about 70 miles SW
of Portfmouth, and 45 N W of Boflon,
and contains 1557 inhabitants.
HMdays IJland, lies 15 miles up Chowan
river in N. Carolina : thus far the river
i) 3 nules wide.
HolUJlan, the moft fouthcrn townfliip
in Middtefex co. ManTachufetts, has Hop-
kinton on the N, Wrentham on the E,
and is 28 miles S by W of Boflon. The
ftrft fettlcments were made here in 1710,
knd in 1724 the town was incorporated
by its prefent name in honor of 'I'homas
HoMis of London, one of the patrons of
Cambridge Univerfity ; and it now con-
tans ;83 inhabitant}.
Holmfi's Hole, Dukes co. Maflaclutfrtti,
a commodiouH and fate harbour on the
N lide of Martha's Vineyard. Here ii
a po(kofllcc,y8 miles S V, of Boflon, and
524 £ from Wafliington.
Holmijhiry, Philadelphia co. Pcnnfyiva-
nia, where IS a pufl oifaasijo miles from
Wafliington.
HelfloH, a branch of Tcneflcc river, rifes
in Virginia, and joins that river 22 iiiili.t
below Knoxvillc. I: is a large, bold rivti ,
upwiirds of 300 yards wide at that town,
is about aoo tnllcs in length, and receive*
in its courfe fevcral confiderable riven,
viz. from its head downwards, Watauga,
French Broad, (which includes Limeflime
Creek, Nolachucky, Swanano, Big Laurel,
and Big and I^ittle Pigeon) and little
rivers. The flreams on the northcru
fide arc creeks of no great fize or length
of courfe. Holflon is navigable tur
boats of 25 tons upwards of 100 miles, as
high as the mouth of the N. Fork; at
which place Mr. David Rofs has cre«fled
iron works upon a large fcale. At the
mouth of this river, on the N fide, flands
Fort Grainger. The river is i.^o yarrls
wide, 16 miles above the N Fork
at Rofs's iron works, and nearly j above
L. Ifland, and in N lat. 36 27, W Ion. 83 8.
See Tenejfee and L. IJland,
Haljlon, a fettlcment on the river above-
mentioned, in the ftate of TenelTee, con-
taining, in 1790, 28,649 inhabitiints,
though in the year 1775 it had hardly
2200 ; yet its importance during the
revolution may be conceived, when it is
known that a great part of thofe volun-
teer troops who attacked and deff^atcd
the Britim and tories on King's Moun-
tain, who were commanded by Colonel
Fergufon, came from tliis country. The
land is generally fertile, but the face of
the country is much broken. Placed
between two large mountains, it feldom
fuffers for want of rain. It abounds
with iron ore. A capital furnace and
forge have lately been ereded in Holflon,
near the Virginia line, a bloomery below
the mouth of Watawga, and anotlier aj
miles above the mouth of the French
Broad. There are feveral lead mines in
the fettlement, one in particular on the
French Broad, that produces 75 per cent,
pure lead. L. Ifland, on Holflon river is
340 miles S W by W of Richmond in
Virginia.
Holy Rood, a bay in Newfoundland I.
at the head of Conception Bay.
Home Djjlriiii The, in U. Canada, wa«
originally
HON
HON
jt i
•rijpnally eonftitutcd and eretflcd !uto a
didrift of NhIIhii, iit the province of Quo-
bee, by Lord D«rcht'(ler'» iiroclamation oi
July, 1788 ; it received its ptel'ent name
by an adl of the provincial legillature ;
and it bounded eaQerly by a meridian
pafling tlirougli the mouth of the river
Trent ; northerly by the Ottawa river
into lake Tomilcanning, and the bouniU
of the Hudfon'i bay company ; alio by
part of lake Huron ; wefterly by a me-
ridian palling through the eahcrn extrem-
ity of Long Point, or the N Foreland :
and foutherly by part of lake Ontario
and part of lake Erie. Hmyt/i.
^«M^r, a military towndiip in Ononda-
{oco. N. York, on the head wateri of the
N W branch of Choncngo river. It has
61 a inhabitants.
Homoehitio, a (mMfirt^mottheMifCid}}-
pi territory, whicli falU into the Miinfippi
river, a few miles N of Loftus' Heighta,
inlat 31 itN.
Hondo, Rit, a river of Yucatan, which
empties into th^ bay of Honduras.
This river, by the peace of 1785, was the
northern boundary of the tra<5l fouthward
of Bellefle river, granted by the Spani.irds
to the Britifli, to cut and carry away
logwood.
Hondi, a bay on the N fide of the ifland
of Cuba, weftward of the Havannah.
Hondurai, a province of New Spain,
having the bay of its name and the N. Sea
on the N : Yucatan on the N W ; and
the MofquitoSliore on the NE; Nicaragua
and Guatimala on the S, and Vera Paz
ob the W. It is about 100 leagues long
and 80 broad. It abounds with honey,
cotton, fine wool, dye woods in particular,
and has fome gold and lilver mines. The
rivers overflow like the Nile, and enrich
the land. The air is good, except near
the lagootis and Iqw grounds. The foil
in many parts bears Indian corn thrice a
year ; and the vineyards hear twice a
year ; for immediately after the vintage
they cut them again ; and the fecond
grapes are ripe before Chriftmas. Val-
ladolid is the chief town, where the gover-
nor and biflidp reftde. Truxillo is alfo a
fine town, and very ftrong by nature :
and Omoah is ftrongly fortified. The
Spaniards claim this country ; but the
Englifh have been long in pofl*e{Iion of
the logwood tradt in the Bay of Hondu-
ras, cutting large quantities of it every
year. And the Mofquito Indians to the
£ of this province have entered into
treaties witb the Englifli, received them
into their country, and <l(inctl)cm fi'veral
i'ervii'«'i, Beiidc, the Sp:iii>ards have na
forts in this bay, or in tlie country of tiie
MolVjuito, only twofin.iil mwiis.
y/.W«r<fj, AV.; o/", is th.it p;irt of tlo N.
Sea bounded N by the lll.iiul of Cuh.i,
S by the Mofquito lliore, S W by llic
bay of HondurAH, W hy the poninl'iila «<f
Yucitan, N W by the (Jiiif of Mexico, K
N E by Jamaica, and the Carii>l)eait
Sci.
HmJiir.n, Buy of, noted 'or cutting of
logNvoixl, as that ot Cainpculiy formerly
was. It lies in the province ot the fame
naipc, and opens betwixt Cape Honduras
ill Nlat. I.T 30, and Cape Catochc, the
t'afternmoft point of Yiirat;in in N lat. 21
31. The diftance between thefe capes
i« 174, miles. Tlie great hkc of Nifaia-
gua hris an outlet into it by the river
Aniizclos, or Angelos, only navigable bjr
fmall craft. In this bay arc I'everai fmafl
illands, particularly the Pearl Illands, a
lihIcto;the N, but the poarls fiflied up
are not in fuch quantities as formerly,
nor fo large. Sugar river alio, a fmall
river from Vcraguas, fall* into it. It lia«
its name from the quantity of Sugar
works, with which the country a'^ounds.
The part of the country where the Eng-
lifli cut their logwood is all a flat, and
a great part of it a morafs, writh IWveral
lagoons, which arc very often overflown.
The cutters amount to 15 or 1600 men ;
but form no regular colony; yet they
choofe a chifif, who cannot have lefs au-
thority, luxury, or emolument, or whofe
fubjefts are more difobedicnt. The
quantity of wood annually furniflied by
the bay has been valued at 20,000 tons.
The Englifh export only about 6,000 ;
but the principal branch of the trade wan
lately carried on by the Dutch, whole an-
nual clear profit ufed to amount to above
90,000/. fterling. The bay is fprinkled
with an infmity of flioals, rocks and cluf-
ters of dro^vned iflands, which abound
with great numbers of green turtle.
There are feveral channels between them,
among which a lliip fliouid not venture
without an experienced pilot. The man-
ati is frequently met with here, and that
called the Jewfifli, which is fomething
like the cod, but thicker in proportion,
arid much better eating. They have
very broad fcales, and fome of them
weigh 8ofbs.
Honeyyoe, a lake in the Gcneflee coun->
try, N. York, weftward of Canandarque
Lake, 5 miles long and 3 broad.
fftttgm
\*
!r.»i
I
CUA
IffMga HappKt an uninhabitable rock in
Ae Pacific Ocean not half a league in cir-
oumference, lo leagues N of Tongatabuo,
villble 15 leagues dlAant.
Honominiet,3t. river, in the N W Territo-
fy which runs S S eafterly into Puap Bay.
Between the head of this river and Lake
Superior is a fliort portage.
Hoodtf Ifiandf one of the Marquefas 7fl-
,ands in the S. Sea, fo called by its difcover-
;Cr Capt. Cook. It lies in 9 26 S lat. j or
6 leagues N by W of the £ point of I)Q;i;a-
inica.
Hooi IJland. See Bombay Hook.
Hookftt Falls, ill Mei-<riinack river, }uft
below the mouth of Suncook, 7 miles
above Amufkeag Falls, and 8 below C09-
,eord, N. Hampfliire.
Hooife-uim, a village on the W fide of
.Chefapcak Bay in Maryland, Baltiinoxc
ca 6 mile; N W of Baltimore.
HoohnvH, a village on the £ fide of
jChcfapeak Bay, in Talbot co. Maryland,
N of EaQoni, and S W of ^illiamfburg, 3
miles from each.
Hootigatonga, an uninhabitable rock, not
lialf a league in circumference, 10 leagues
N of Tongataboo, fcparatcd from Honga
ii<«ppee by a channel a league broad, ruu-
aingENEandWSyr.
Hoofer's ManJ and StraiO, |ie an the E
fide of Chefapeak Bay, and on the S'W
/coad of Dorchcfter co. Maryland. The
ifland is 7 miles long, an4 ii broad.
Hoofuci, a townfliip io RenfTelaer co.
M. York, oppofite Bennington, in Ver-
mont, and has 3)41 inhabitants.
Hoofuci, a river of Nl York, which
fiills into the Hudfon from the E, about 8
miles above the city of La^finburgh. It
rifes in Berkihire co. MaiTachufetts, runs
N wefterly through Pownal in Vermont,
thence into N. York ftate. Its length
is about 40 mile«. The curious mill-
ftream called Hudfon's Brock, which falls
into a N branch of Hoolack, is defcribed
in the account of ^</(/»r.r, in MaiTachufetts.
Hope, » village in SuflTex co. N. Jerfey,
•n the pud road from Newtown to Eaf-
ton, Pennfylvania, 16 miles S W of the
former, and ao N E of the latter. It is
inhabited by about 100 of the Moravian
ynited Brethren. Here is a poft office.
Hope, a bay on the N W coaft of N.
America, fo named by Capt. Cook. The
entrance of Nootka, or St. George's Sound
is fituated in the E corner of Hope Bay,
in N lat. 49 33. E Ion. 233 la.
Hope, a Moravian fettlement in Wa-
(J)ovia, in N. Carolina, in Surry co. where
O-UA
is a meeting houre of the United Bleth*
reu. T
Hope Tutonfiip, in the co. of Durham,
U. Canada, lies to the W of Hamilton,
and fronts lake Ontario. Smyih,
Hope,^ fmail ifland In Karraganfet Bay,
Aate of Rhode Ifland.
Hopftinutif a village in Ontario co. Jeru-
falem t«)wnfliip, N. York, on it, riCng
ground near the creek which cbonedt
CidDked with Seneca Lake, lulf a inilc
from the former L^ke, i j ^iles S of Ge-
neva. A fet of Merchants mills ,bf the
bcil connrudUoa, are built on thl^ creek,
^ccefldble by boats from Sen«ca Lake.
Hopt'wiU, a towniliip in Cumberland
CO. in New Brunfwick, on Cheppdie riv-
er, which runs esfterly into a northern
arin of the Bay of Fpndy, and is naviga-
Jble 4 or 5 miles. ' '
Hopevuetl, diie name of 3 tdwnfliips in
Pennfylvania, viz.. in York, ifimtingduu,
.^d Wafliipgton counties.
Hopevielt, a townfliip in Huoterdon co.
N. Jerfey, on Delaware river, 14 milc»
W of Pritacetown, and 1 1 above Trenton.
It contaij^ied in 1790, 9320 inhabitants,
Another ^ownihip of this name lies in
Cuniberland co. in N. Jet fey.
ftapkinsi or Hfpk'tHfoUle, a townfhip iif
Caledl^jwl cq. in Vermont, was granted
to Dr. Hopkins ; 1 1 miles ^ W of the
upper bar of the Fifteen Mile Falls in
Connedticut R.
HopkitttoH, a half fliire town of Hillf!-
borough CO. N. Hampfliire, on Contno-
cook, river, 9 miles S W from its conflu-
ence with the Merrimack* and divided
from. Concord on the £, by the Roekipg-
ham county line. It was nrft granted by
MaiTachufetts, was incorporated in 1765,
and contains aoi6 inhabitants, who are
chiefly farmers. It is a handfome flour-
ifliing toixrn, 4a miles E by S of Charkf^
town on Connei^icut river, and about 58
W byN of Portfmouih.
HopkintoM, a townfhip in Middlefex co.
Maflachufetts. It was incorporated in
X715, and contains X37» inhabitants.
The rivers Concord, Providence and
Charics receive each of them a. branch
from this town. Thefe dreams funiiQi
feats for 7 or 8 griAmills, a number of
fawmills, iron works, &c.
Hopk'mton, a townfliip in Wafliington
CO Rhode I. on the W line of the ftatc,
on fcveral branches of Pawcatuck river.
It contains 227 inhabitants.
Horn, Cape, the foutheiii' extremity of
Terra del Fuego, aod of S. ^joSfv:*, wa»
firft
HOW
tril failed round in x6z6, aud the ftraits
were difcovcrcd in 1643. S lal. 55 j8,
W Ion. 67 ai.
Horn, an ifland on the coad of W. Flor-
ida, between Ship and Maflacre illands.
Horn ifland is nearly 17 miles long
and about half a mile wide. There are
more trees on the middle of the ifland
than in any other part of it ; aind for
about 3 miles from the £ end there are
no trees at all ; but there are a number
of fandy hillocks. HutMni.
Hornet, a fmali (tream in Maine, which
falls into Penobfcot R. on its W fide in
Townfliip No. 3, the fame with Hemlock,
about 3 miles above the latter, and about
13 above the Great Falls.
HorntotoH, a village in Maryland,- 31
miles from Snowhill,26from Drummond
or Accomack court houfc, in Virginia,
and 168 from Philadelphia.
Horfcneck, a point of land, en the N
fide of Long Ifland, between Hog's Neck
and Eadon's Necki
Horfeneck^\n\\\c townfhip of Greenwich,
Fairfield co. Conne(5tirut, called by the In-
dians Pal bom Jing, was fettled in 1680.
A bloody battle was fought here between
the Dutch and the Indians, in 1646. The
Dutch with great difficulty obtained the
viiStory. Great numbers were flain on
both fides ; and their graves appear
to this day. It is 33 miles S W of N.
Haven, and 37 N E of N. York city.
Horfeneck, a village in Efl*ex co. N. Jer-
fey,on the fouthern bank of Paflaic river
above the Little Falls, 4 miles S W by
S of the town of Patterfon.
Horjbam, a townlhip in Montgomery
CO. Pennfylvania, has 781 inhabitants.
Horton, a towndiip in King's co. Nova
Scotia. Salmon river runs through Hor-
ton, and fupplies the inhabitants with ex-
cellent falmon.
HoJ^itallJland, in the river St. Lawrence,
in U. Canada, in front of the townfliip of
Mvvardfburgh, contains about 100 acres ;
it lies immediately above Point au Gallop.
/fa//f, a mountaiii in the W part of the
Speninfula of Si. Domingo.
Hot Spring. Sec Virginia.
Hoiigue, Ln, a little fort 9 leagues be-
yond the Havaunah, in the ifland of Cuba.
From hence vcflcis l)cgin to difcovcr La
Pain de Mat;iuce, a mountain whofe top
rcfcmbles an o ven or a loaf. It ferves fiil-
ors to know tile bay of Matancc by, which
i» about 14 le.\<Tuc8 from the Havannah.
Hoiue,Fert, oil St. Johu's R. in N. Brunf-
wick, is capably of containing lOO men.
Voi.Ii ^e
Howit Ifland, in the S. Sea, was difcoT"
ered by Capt. Wallis, July 30, 1767.
Smoke was fccn to arife trom it, but no
inhabitants could be difcerncd. S lat. x6
46, W Ion. 154 8.
Houabeine, one of the Society Ifles, in
the S. Sea. S lat. 16 44, W ion. iji i.
HozvttjnJ'i Ferry, is the narrow part of
the waters that fcparate Rhode I. from the
main land. It is about a quarter of a mile
wide. The bridge built acrols this flrait
coft 30,000 dollars, and was carried away
by a florm in January, 1796. It •.* re-
built.
Houfitomci, or Hooejfonnue, a river of
Conni:«Aicutv in the Indian language Ilg-
nifying over the mountain, rifcs by two
fources; the one in Lanenioiough, the
other in Windfor, both in Berkfliire co.
MaiTachufttts. Thefe branches form a
}un<5lion in Pittsfield.and the river, after
palling through anumberoftowns,eniptic8
ilfcU into Long I. Sound, between Strntrord
and Milford in ConnciSticut. It is navi-
gable abo-.it 12 miles, to Derby. A bar
of fliells, however, at its mouth, obflru(fls
the navigation of h^rge vtflch. In this
river, between Salifbury and Canaan, is a
cataratfl, where the water of the whole
river, which is 150 yards wide, falls per-
pendicularly 60 feet. Several ufcful mills
and iron works are creiSledon thefe falls.
Houfc of the Devil. See Laie Ontario.
Houaiila, a uame by fome applied to the
N E branch of Illinois river. See ThealHi,
Houghton Towiijh^p, in the county of
Norfolk, U. Canada, lies W of Walling-
liam and Lake Erie.
Ho'.vard Tonvnjbip, in the CO. of Suflxilk,
U. Canada lies W of Oxford ;.it is watered
on the N by the I'hamcs, and on the S
by Lake Erie.
Howe IJlanJ, in the CO. of Ontario, IT.
Canada, lies in the river St. Lawrence,
between Wolf ifland and Pittlburgh.
HubbanlJIon, a townfliip in Worcefter
CO. Mainichufttts, and formed the N JS
part of Rutland, until incorporated ia
1767. It borders on the weftern part
of Wachufct Hill, and contnins 11 13
inhabitants. It is 20 miles N W of Wor-
ce{ler,and 60 W of Bofton.
Hahbardton, a fmall river rifing in the N
part of this townfliip, notict-.tbleonly for
its5 falls which furnilh excellent mill feats.
Huliherton, a townfliip in Tutland co.
Vermont, has ^^2 inhabitants, and lies jO
miles N of Bennington.
Hitdfons Bay, took its name from Hen-
ry Hudi'oo, who dijfcovercd it in 1610.
V ^
^ m
:M t.
:W"fl
HUD
HUO
It lies between 55 and 65 degrtfcs of N
lat. The eadcrn boundary of the bay is
Terra de Labrador ; the northern part
has a ftraight coaft, facing the bay, guard-
ed with a line of ifles innumerable. A
' vaft bayt called the Archiwinnipy Sea,
lies within it, and opens into Hudfon's
Bay, by means of Gulf Hazard, through
which the Beluga whales pafs in great
numbers. The entrance of the bay,
from the Atlantic Ocean, after leaving,
to the N, Cape Farewell and Davis's
Straits, is between Refolution Ifles on the
N, and Button's illes, on the Labrador
coad, to the S, forming the eaftcrn ex-
tremity of Hudfon's Straits. The coads
are very high, rocky and rugged at cop ;
in fome places precipitous, but fometimes
exhibit extenfive beaches. The iflands
of Salifbury, Nottingham, and Digges are
very lofty and naked The depth of wa-
ter in the middle of the bay is 140
fathoms. From Cape Churchill to the S
end of the bay, are regular foundings ;
near the flxore, ihallow, with muddy or
fandy bottom. To the northward of
Churchill, the foundings are irregular, the
bottom rocky, and in fame parts the
rocks appear above the furface at low
water. Hudfon's Bay is reckoned about
300 leagues wide, from N to S: Its
. breadth is unequal, being about 130
leagues where broadeO: ; but it grows
narrower at both extremities, being not
much above 35 leagues in fome places.
In the account of N. Britain, we have giv-
en a general account of the Hudfon's Bay
Company's fettlcmcnts on both fides of
jaoies's Bay. The commerce in the
countries adjacent to this inland fea is in
the hands of an exclufive Britifh Compa-
ny of its name, who employ only 4 (hips,
and 130 feamen. The forts Prince of
,Wales, Churchill river, Nelfon, New Sev-
ern, and Albany, are garrifoned by^i86
men. The French, in 1782, took and
dcdrnyid thefe fettlcmcnts, &c. faid to
' amount tothe value of £.joo,ooo fterling.
The Company's exports ace to the amount
of £.16,000, moftly the drugs of the mar-
ket, which produce returns, chiefly in
beaver fkins, and rich furs, to the value
of £.»9>ooo ; yielding government a clear
revenue of £.3,734. This includes the
iifliery in Hudfon's Bay. The fkins aad
furs procured by this trade, when manu-
factured, aSbrd articles for trading with
many nations of Europe,togreat advantage.
Hudfons Strait, or Frohijher's MiJIaieii
SfrMit, which leads lAto HudJTon's Bay, in
a wefterly courfe, is 76 mile* wi4e, bt^
tween Cape Chidley and the S point of
Refolution Bland.
Hudfons Houfe, one of the Hudfon's
Bay Company's fatStories in N. America,
lies on the S W fide of Sufkafliawan, river,
100 miles £ of Manchcilcr Houfc, and
167 S £ by E of Buckingham Houfc. N
lat. 53 o 32, W Ion. 106 ^^ ao.
Hudjon Ri-ver, pafTes its whole courfe in
the (late of N. York, and is one of the
largefl and finefl rivers in the United
States. Tt rifes in a mountainous coun-
try, between the lakes Ontario and Cham*
plain. In its courfe foutheaflerly it ap-
proaches within 6 or 8 miles of lake
George ; then, after a fliort courfe S
turns foutherly, and receives the Sacon<
daga from the S W, which heads in the
neighbourhood of Mohawk river. The
courfe of the river thence to N. York,
where it empties into York Bay, is very
uniformly 8 ii or 15 W. Its whole
length is about 250 miles. From Albany
to lake George is 65 miles. This diflance,
the river is navigable only for battenux,
and has two portages, occafioned by falU,
of half a mile each. 'The banks of Hud-
fon's river, efpecially on the weflern fide,
as far as the highlands extend, arc chiefly
rocky cliiTs. The pafTage throUgh the
Highlands, which is 16 or 18 miles, af-
fords a wild romantic fcenc. In this nar-
row pafs, OD each fide of which the
mountains rower to a great height, the
wind, if there be any, is collc<Slcd and
comprefTed, and blows continually as
through a bellows ; vefTels, in pafTing
through it are often obliged to lower their
fails. The bed of this river, which it
deep and fmooth to an aflonifhing dif-
tance, through a hilly, rocky country, and
even through ridges of fome of the high-
eft mountains in the United States, mull
undoubtedly have been produced by
fome mighty convuliion in nature. The
tide flows a few miles above Albany, i
which is 160 miles from N. York. It it
navigable for floops of 80 tons to Albany,
and for fhips to Hudfon Ship naviga-
ti^u lO Albany is interrupted by a num-
ber of iflands and flioats 6 1 1 ? miles be-
low the city, called the Cviifiaugb. It
has been in contemplation to con6ne the
river to one channel, by which means it
will be deepened, and the difficulty of I
approaching Albany witJi vefTels of a
larger fizc, be removed. Abont 60 milei
I above N. York the watei' becomes freflt.
The river 11 ftortid with a variety of fifli,
ivbi«k
HUB
whScli renders a fuinmer pafl*age to Alba-
ay, delightful and amuiing to thofc who
are fond of angling. The advantages of
this river for carrying on the fur trade
with Canada, by means of the lakes, are
very great. Its conveniences for ioterual
commerce are Angularly happy. The
produce of the remoteft farms is eafily
and fpeedily conveyed to a certain and
profitable market, and at the lowed ex-
penfc. In this refpe<fl, N. York has
jrcatly the advantage of Phi^adclpliia. A
great proportion of the produce of Pcnn-
fylvania, is carried to market in waggons,
over a great extent of country, fome of
which is rough ; hence it is that Philadel-
phia is crowded with waggons, carts, horfcs
and their drivers, to do the fame bufinefs
that is done in N. York, where ail the
produce of the country is brought to
market by water, with much lefs fliew
and parade. But Philadelphia has other
advantages, to compenfate for this natu-
ru -leie^ The increaiing population of
tl- ''f 'tile lands upon the northern
., s of the Hudfon, mud annually
'11 ' . the amazing wealth that is con-
veyed by its waters to N. York. The
northern and weftern canals, when com-
pleted, will be of incalculable advantage
to the trade of this ftate.
Hudfon's River, a broad but fhort river
emptying into Chefapeak Bay, in Dor-
chefter eo. Maryland. Hill's Point, N E
of it, fhapes the broad mouth of the river.
Hudfon City, a. port of entry and poll
town in Columbia co. N. York, on the £
fide of Hudfon R. 55 miles S by E of Al-
bany, and 13a N of N. York city. In the
autumn of x 783, MefTrs. Seth and Thomas
Jenkins, from Providence, of Rhode Ifland,
fixed on tbe unf(^ttled fpot, whereon this
city (lands, for a town, to -which the city
i» navigable for ved'els of any lize. The
city is laid out into large fquares, bbrder-
ing on the river, and divided into 30 lots.
Other adventurers were admitted to pro-
portions, and the town wras laid out in
fquares, formed by fpacious ftteets, croff-
ing each other at right angles. Each
fquare contains 30 lots, two deep, divided
by a 20 feet alley. E^ch lot is 50 feet in
front and lao feet in depth. In the fpring
of 1784, fevcral houfcs and (lores were
tredted. The increafe of the town from
this period to the fpring of 1786, two
years only, was aftonifliingly rapid, and
refledks great honor upon the enterprif-
iBg and perfevering fpirit of the original
founders. In the fpace of time juft men-
<tQBed BO kia than ijo dwelling hoafet^
HUD
befide fliops, barns and other buildings, 4
warchoufcs, feveral wharves, fpcrmaceti
works, a covered ropewalk, and one of
the bcft diftilleries in America, were ere<fl-
cd, and 15CO fouls colletflcd on a Ipot,
which three years before, was improved
as a farm, and but two years before began,
to be built. Its increafe fincc has beea
very rapid; a printing office has been
eftabliflied, and fr.veral public buildings
have been erecflcd, bcfide dwelling boufes,
ftores, &c. The inhiibitants are plentiful-
ly and conveniently fupplied with water,
brought to their cellars in wooden pipes,
from a fpring 2 miles from the town. It
has a large bay to the futithward, and
flands on an eminence from which arc •x-
tenlive and delightful views to the N W,
N, and round that way to the S E, cou-
fifting of hills and vallies, variegated with
woods and orchards, corn fields and mead-
ows, with the river, which is in moft
places a mile over, and may be feen a con-
iiderable diflance to the northward^ form»
ing a number of bays and creeks. From
the S E to the S W, the city is fcreeued
with hills, at different xliftances, and weft
afar off over the river and a lar^e valley,
theprofpedtis bounded by a chain of flu-
pendous mountains, called the Kaats KJll,
running to the W N W, which add mag-
nificence and fubliniity to the whole fceiie.
Upwardsofiaoc Heighs entered the city dai-
ly, for feveral xlays together, in February,
1786, loaded with grain of various kinds,
boards, fliinglcs, (laves, hoops, iron ware,
flone for building, firewood, and fundry
articles of provilion for the market, from
which fome idea may be formed of the
advantage of its fituation, with r«rped!t to
the country adjacent, which is every way
cvtenfivc and fertile, particularly wefl-
ward. The original proprietors of Hud-
fon, offered to purchafe a tradt of land
adjoining the S part of the city of Albany,
and were condrained, by a refufal of tlie
propofltion, to become competitors for
the commerce of the northern country,
when otherwifc they would have
added great wealth and confequence to
Albany. There is a bank here, called
Bank of Columbia, whofe capital may
not exceed 160,000 dollars. It is com-
pofed of 400 fliares, at 400 dollars each.
Hudfon city is governed by a mayor, re-
corder,4 aldermen, 4 aflidants and a num-
ber of other officers. The number
of inhabitants in Hudfon Townjiij), is
3664. N lat. 42 14.
Hudfon, a flourifhing town in Trumbull
CO. lUte of Oliio, about jj miles W of
Warren,
'*, " 4 If
1 - ' , .1 f ■■
i-,,;.
*. i:'
K I
Mi
r-".i
V^
Ui
HUN
HUN
Warren, containing about 300 inhab-
itantR.
Hiigbrjhurg, a town in Northumberland
CO. Pennfylvania, called alio Catatuejfy,
lltnatcd at the mouth of Catawe/Ty creek,
25 niile^ N £ of Sunbury. It contains
about 60 handfome houl'cs, and a meet-
ing houfe for friends. It has 1315 inhab-
itants, and is 144 miles N W of Philadel-
phia. N lat. 40 54.
Hull, the Indian Nantafkct, a town of
SuiTolk county Maflachufetts, containing
about 21 houfes, %s families, and 117 ii>
habitants, and has a meeting houfe. It is a
pcninfula, 8 miles lung, 9 miles £ of Bof-
ton, on the S fide of the harbour. Grape
Ifland, the Great Brewfters, and feveral
other illands, lie near it. On the eaftern
fide of the town are two forts, in one is a
well 90 feet deep, which often has 85 feet
of water. In digging it the ftrata of fticlls
&c. the whole depth, were regularly dif-
pofed, as on the beach. Mull is joined to
Ilingham by a milldam, where a mill was
ereiSked by a mutual grant from the two
towns, about the year 1640, which now
pays taxes equally to l)oth towns, accordr
ing to the contraOit mnde at that time.
Humaa, an Indian village on the W fide
of MiflTiiippi R. in Louifiana, 60 miles
above New Orlcan?. The Humas were
formerly a confiderable nation, but about
1770 were reduced to about 15 warriors.
The Aiabamas, whofc villages are near
thofe of the Hamas, had, at the above
period, .iboi^ 30 warriors, and followed
the French here when they abandoned
the port on Alabama river in 1762. The
Chctimachas have about a; warriors.
Humber Jtiver,'m the E riding of the co.
of York, in U. Canada, empties itfclf into
lake Ontario, a little to the caflward qf
the old fort Torento.
Humber, a river uf Newfoundland I.
which empties into the Gulf of St.
Lawrence through the bay of Iflands.
Humbeijfone Toiutijbip, in the CO. of Lin-
coln, U Canada, lies between Bertie and
Wainfleet, and fronts Lake Erie.
Hummel's 'Xoiun, a thriving town in
Dauphine co. Pennfylvania, containing a
German Lutheran church, and about 90
houfes ; fituated on the S fide of Swctara
creek, 6 miles N of Middletown, lo E by
N of Harrilburg.and 100 WNW of Phi-
ladelphia.
Hungarytoivn, a poft to\/n of Lunen-
Vurgh CO. Virginia 215 miles from Wafh-
ington.
Miingerford TmwJhip^^VL the CO. of Haf-
tings, U. Canada,'lics in the rear and N of
the Mohawk tradt.
Himgerf'ird, a townfliip in Franklin co.
Vermont, containing in 1790, 40 inhab-
itants, 7 miles S of the Canada line and
14 £ of L. Champlain.
Hunger Creek, a Aream which carries
the various water machinery, in the new
and thriving manufatSturiugtownof Ham-
ilton, between Albany and Schenc<^ady.
Hunter Fort,%\ miles W of Schencdla-
dy,on the S fide of Muhawk river, at the
mouth of Schohaiie Cretk, over which a
bridge is about to he built. Here is an
old chvch built in the reign of queen
Ann, and 3 or 4 houfes. At this place
was the Old Mohawk town, which w.ti
abandoned by that nation as late as the
Spring of 1780. Thcfe Indian's had
made confiderable advances in civiliza-
tion ; <:ouid generally fpeak the Englith
language, and numbers of them m^dc
profeffion of their faith in the Chridian
religion. In the church which is now
Handing, they ufed to attend public wur-
fliip in the Epifcopal form. Thcfe In-
dians are now fettled, a p^rt of them on
Grand river, a northern water of Lake
Erie, and a part of them in another part uf
U. Canada. None of this nation now re-
main in the United States. The father
of the only remaining family was drown-
ed in 1788.
Huntetdoif Co. in N. Jerfey, is bounded
N by that of Morris, E by Somerfct, S E
by Burlington, S Wand W by Delaware
river, which feparates it from the fiate of
Pennfylvania, and N W by Suflex co. It
is about 40 miles long, and 32 broad, is
divided into 10 townfiiips, and contains
2i,a6l inhabitants, including i22oflave8.
On the top of MuikoDCtcong mountain
in this county, is a looted medicinal
fpring, much reforted to. It iflfues from
the fide of a mountain into an artificial
refcrvoir, for the accommodation of
thofe who wifli to bathe in, as well as to
drink, tho waters. It is a (Irong chal-
beate. Trenton is the chief town.
Hunierjiotout a village of Pennfylvania,
fituated in York co. 25 miles W by S of
York Town.
Hunting Creek, in Virginia, runs E into
Patowmack river,%t the S corner of the
territory of Columbia.
Hunting Creek Town, a village in the
northern part of Dorchefter co. Mary-
land ; 14 miles N N W of Vienna, 16 S
by W of Denton, and i8 N E of Cam-
bridge.
HuiitingJan,
HUN
HuHiingJ»n College. See Georgia.
Huntingdon, an extcnlivc and mountain-
ous county in Pcnulylvaniii, bounded N
and N W by I^ycomiug county, E and N
li by Mifflin, S ii by Franklin, S andS W
by Bedford and Somerfet, and VV by
Weftmoreland. It is about 75 mi{es long
4nd 39 broad ; contains 1,432,960 acres
of land, divided into 18 towqlhips, which
contain 3008 inhabitants. Limeltone,
iron ore, and lead are found l^ere. A fur-
nace and two forges mauufa<Sturc conild-
erable quantities of pig artd bar iron, and
hollow ware ; large works have aUip been
edabliHied for manufacturing of lead. A
mineral fpring, 6 milr s N N E from Hun-
tingdon, is celebrated fur relieving the
rheumatifm, and curing cutaneous com-
plaints.
Huntingdon, is the capital and 9 pod
town of the above county, on the N E
fide of Juniatta river, and at the mouth
of Standing Stone creek, 50 miles from the
mouth of Juniatta, contains about 90
hpufes, a court houfe, gaol, and 1151 in-
habitants. It is about 13 nules ^ S W of
Lewis Town, and 184 W N W of Phila-
delphia.
Huntingdonboro, in the fiiine county, con-
tains 688 inhabitant).
Huntingdon, a poft town on the N fide
of Long I. N. York, at the head of a hay
in Suffolk CO. which fets up S from the
found, contains about 70 holies, a, Pref-
b}rterian aiui Epifcopal churcfil;^ It is 38
miles E by N of N. York city. It is op-
pofite to Norwalk in Conne<3icut, and
contains 3894 inhabitants.
Huntingdon, North and Scittb, two town-
Slips in Weftmoreland cp. Pennfylvania,
containing, the foripier 1484 inhabitants,
the latter, 2317.
Huntingdon, a pofl: town in Fairfield co.
Counetffacut, feparated from Derby on
the N E by Stratford river. ' It has ^79^
inhabitants.
Huntington, formerly Nnv Huntington, a
port town in Chittenden co. Vermont, on
the S fide of Onion river, 15 miles S £ of
Burlington, containing 405 inhabitants.
Hunting Town, a yillage, where is a pofl:
office on the W fide of Chcfapcak bay in
Maryland, on the S £ fide of Hunting
Creek, in Calvert co. 3 miles N by W of
Prince Frederick, and 22 £ N £ of Port
Tobacco.
Huntfljrg, a port town in Franklin co.
in Vermont. It is fituated on the Canada
line, having 280 inhabitants.
ffunit foivtt,'m the 9eat of JuHicf in
HUR
Jeffcrfon county, (Miflifippi TcrrltoryJ
lituated on an elevated plain, near tlio
middle fork of C dole's creek, about 25
miles N from the town jjf Natchez, on the
main poll road to Naflwiile (In Tenncflcc)
about 10 miles from the mouth of Cole's
creek, where itcinpiies into the rvHHifip-
pi river. 'I'his town is lurrounded by a
rich fertile country, fetthd by iuduHrious
and wealthy inhabitants. I'hc healthy
fituation of this place, together with its
local ad vantages, render itciiual, if not fu-
pe. ior, to any in the Miflifippi Territory.
An elegant court houfe, gaol, I'evera! fiores
and dwelling houi'cs have been built hc:c.
Huiiifville, a pofltpwn in N. Carolina, 10
miles from Bcthania, and 1 6 from Rockford.
HurUy, a towulliip in Ulfter co. N.York,
.containing 1 159 inhabitants. 'I'hc con;-
patO: part contains about 30 houfcs, fituv
ated on Efopus Kill, about 5 miles from
the W bank of Hudfon's river, and 100
N of N. York. 'I'he lands around it ar<t
low and fertile, but inlcltcd with wi]4
opions,
Huron, one of the five principal norths
«rn lakes. It lies between 43 30, and
47 30 N lat. and between 80 45, and
84 45 W Ion. and is reckoned to be up-
wards of looo miles in circumference.
The fifli are of the fame kind as in I^ako
Superior, and it communicates with that
lake through the flraits of St. Marie OQ
the N W with Mitchigan on the W, au4
with Erie on the S. It is of a triangular
fliape.and on the S W part is Saguinum or
Sagana bay, 80 miles in length, and about
1 8 or 20 m breadth ; the other mofl re-
markable bay is Thunder Bay ; which fee
— alfo fee Manataulin JJland, and Michilli-
maiiinaci. On the banks of the lake are
found amazing quantities of faud cherries.
The land bordering on thp weftern fliorc
of the lake is greatly inferior in quality to
that on ^ake Erie. It is mixed with fand
an4 fmall Hones, and is principally cover-
fd with pines, birch, and fome oaks ;
but a little diftanco from the lake the foil
is very luxuriant. Twenty years ago,
part of the Indian nations, called Chtpa-
ways and Ottawas, who inhabited round
Saguinum bay and on the banks of the
lake could furnifli 200 warriors ; and
thofe of the latter nation, who lived on
the E fide of lake Micliigan, 21 miles front
Michillimackkinack could furuifli 200
warriors.
Huron, a fmallriver of the N. W.territo*
ry, which, after a courfe of 38 miles, falU
into Lake St. Clair from the N W. Gna-
denhuctt«ii
:i;'i'
;*!..■' '
4!':;hi.
ICU
Aonhuetten Kcs on this river. Alfo the
■amc of another finull river in the fame
territory, which runs N eaftward into lake
Erie, 40 miles weftward of Cayahuga,and
15 S E of the mouth of Sanduiky Lake.
Hyan'u Road, See Barnjlable, in MaiFa-
•hufetts.
Hpch, a maritime county in Newbern
diftrnft, N. Carolina ; bounded E by the
ocean, W by Beaufort co. N by Tyrrel,
and S by Carteret. It contains 4783 in-
habitants, of whom 1386 are Haves. At the
court houfu is a pol^ office.
Hycootee^ or Hycoo, a fmall river which
empties into the Dan, about 4 miles above
the mouth of Staunton river.
HyJepuri, a townlhip in Oi'leans coun-
ty, in Verpiont, containing no inhabit-
ants. It is 25 miles S of the Canada line.
J. AGO. See Jago, or Yagt.
lata, a bay on the coaft of ChilL
Ibberville, a river or rather a fort of nat-
ural canal, of W. Florida, which, when the
MifTifippi ovcrfltjws, and is high enough
to run into it, (which is generally in the
months of Majr, June, and July) forms j
a communication for veflels drawing 1
three or four feet, from the Miifilippi to |
the gulf of Mexico, eaftward, through
the lake* Maurepas and Pontchartrain. !
This canal, which has been dignified with
the name of river, is dry all the reft of
the year. Its jundlion with the Miifi-
lippi is at the town of Manfliack, which
Hands on its N bank at its mouth, in lat.
30 17. Itscourfe is E iz or 15 miles,
■wheh it receives the river Amite from the
N, which is boatable fome diftance ; its
courfe is thence about S E between 20
and 30 miles into lake Maurepas, which
is conncdled by a narrow Ilrait, with lake
Ponchartr^n, which extends nearly to the
Oulf of Mexico. This river and thefe
lakes, on the N E, with the Miffifippi on
the S W, and the Gulf of Mexico E, form
the Ifland of Orleans, which is 144 miles
in length, from N W to S E, and on an
average about la miles broad.
Tcaijue Point, on the E end of the ifland
•f St. Domingo, lat. 19 2.
Jcbuatvwn, in the Gene/Tee country, N.
York, is an Indian village at the mouth of
Ichua Creek, a N E head water of Alleg-
hany river. It is 60 miles eafterly of Fort
Erie, 70 E by S of La Boeuf, and 67 S W
ky S of Hartford on Geneflee river.
Jiunadj dc BsrragBn^Si town on tke river
ILL
La ]^Iata, in S. America. See Bumu Ayrei.
Icy Cape, is the northwefternmoft head
land of N.America, f:tuatcd in the North-
ern ocean. Between this cape and Cape
North, in Afia, is the opening into Beh-
ring's Straits, which lead from the North-
ern into the Pacific ocean.
Ignacio, St. a town in the eaftcrn part of
Peru, and on theN fide of Amazon river.
Igornacboix, a bay of Newfoundland, S
of St. John's Bay.
Jlcignes, or St, Cbarle, a town on the S
fide of the iiland of St. Domingo, and aoo
fathoms from the city of St. Domingo. It
is inhabited by emigrants from the Canary
lllands, and has a few ftrcets which run
from the four cardinal points, and cut
each other at right angles. The inhabit-
ants are the muft induftrious people ia
the bipauifli part of the iiland.
IlLeos, a captainfliip 8 of that called
Bay of All Saints, and in the middle divi-
fion of Brazil. Chief tovni, Paya Ilheos,
the capital of the above province, Hands
about 30 leagues NE of Porto Seguro,
and as far S W of the Bay of All Saints.
It is watered by a river of the fame name,
and contains about 200 families. S lat,
lj40,Wlon.34 28.
Illinois,* a large navigable river of the
N. W. Territory, formed by the confluence
of the rivers Piein, and Theakiki, in 41
48 N lat. and in 88 42 W Ion. This no-
ble branch of the MifTifippi, after running
a Terpentine S W courfe, through an ex-
teufive country of rich, fertile land, and
receiving a vaft number of rivers from 20
to 100 yards wide, wluch are navigable
for l>oatsfrom 15 to 180 miles, approach-
es within 5 miles of the Miflifippi ; from
thence running eaftwavd about 12 miles,
it pays its tribute by a mouth 400 yards
wide, in 38 40 N lat. and in 92 12 W
Ion. oppofite the large cave, 176 miles
above the Ohio and 18 above the Miflbu-
ri. The lands on the banks of the Illi-
nois, particularly thofe on the S E fide,
are perhaps as fertile as any part of N.
America. They produce in the moft lux-
uriant plenty, wheat, rye, Indian corn,
peas, beans, flax, hemp, tobacco, hops,
grapes, apples, pears, peaches, dying
roots, medicinal plants, &c. Here alfo
grow large forefts of hickory, oak,.cedar,
mulberry trees, &c. Savannas, or natur-
al meadows are bqth numerous and ex-
tenfivc. In the forelb are great variety
of
Note.— "///fno/v ligiiifies a man ot'fuH »«, jn
the vigour at kis /etra.— X/'mw/xtt.
%f antmalt, as buffaloea, deer, &c. and in
the riven are plenty of fiHi, particularly
4:at, carp, and perch, of an enormous fize.
Such is the abundance of wild grapes in
this country, thnt in the year 1769,1116
french planters upon this river made a-
bove 1 10 hhdt. of (trong wine, from thefe
{rapes. On the N W hde of this river is
a coal mine, which extends for half a mile
along the middle of its banks, and about
the lame diftance bf'owth'- I min« are
two fait ponds, i yar^ :ircumfer-
ence, and fevcral t«.. in dep. The wa-
ter is flagnant and of a yellowiln colour ;
but the French and natives make good
fait from it. The Illinois furnifhcs a com-
munication with lake Michigan, by Chia-
go river, between which and the Illinois
are two portages, the length of which dd
not exceed 4 miles. [See Chiago river.
Appendix.] The whole length of the
river from the fource of Theakiki, which
is but a fhort didance from the river St.
Joi'cph, oppofite to Fort St. Jofeph on the^
narth, is 4^0 miles. The Indians have
ceded to the United States, by the treaty
of Greenville, in 1795, a tratSl of land iz
•tiles fquare, at or near the mouth of the
Illinois ; alfo a tradl 6 miles fquare, at the
Old Prurias fort asd village near the
fouth end of Illinois I/akc. That lake is
•nly a dilatation of the river, and is fltuat-
ed about 240 miles below the fource of
Theakiki, and 43 below the Salt Ponds.
It is to miles long and 5 miles broad in
the middle.
Illinois Indians inhabit near Kahokia on
the Miffifippi. Warriors a6o.
Imperiale, a city of Chili in S. America,
6 leagues from the South Sea, having the
river Cauten to the S, and another river
to the W, both navigable. It is fituated
•n a rifing deep neck of land, hard to be
afcended. In 1600, it was taken by the
Indians, after a year's (lege ; mod of the
inhabitants having perifhed by famine.
They burnt the town, and then laid fiege
to Soforno. In this war Valdivia, Argol,
Sandla Cruz, Chilla, and Villa Rica were
taken. After which they became ib con-
Sdent of their ftrength, that they fought
the Spaniards bravely, and in fome meaf-
ure revenged the cruelties they had com-
mitted upon their countrymen. The
Spaniards afterwards built a town here
•ailed Conception ; which fee. S lat. 38
4a,Wlon. 73 45.
Inagua, Great and Little, two fmall ifl-
ands in the Windward Paflagc, N W of the
ifland of St. Duningo, aoct N£ of ike ill-
Md«fCub»
IN0
Tntlfendue TfianHy (the Gower Tiand nt
Carteret) fo named by Snrviile, lies on th«f
north fide of the iflands of Arfacidcs, 2 4
cad of Port Praflin.
Incait a fouthern branch of Amasoa
river, in S. America.
Independence, Mount, is fituated on tho
drait thro\igh which the waters of Lake
George and Ead Bay pafs into Lake
Champlain, in the N W part of the townr
of Orwell in Rutland co. Vermont, anrf
oppoftte to Ticonderoga.
Indian E ,. li jn the Wed fide of Bon-
avida Bay, i.. xVewfoundiand llland.
Indian Old Totim, a town in Hancocfc
CO. Maine, fituated on an ifland in Penob-
fcot river, jud above the Great Falls, and
about 60 below the Fork». Here are a-
bout io<y families, who are Roman Catho«
lies, the remains of the Penobfcot tribe,
and the only Indians vrlio refide in the
Didridl of Maine. They live together in
a regular fociety, and are increafing in
number ; the Sachems liaving laid an in-
juntEUon on the young people to marry
early. In a former war, this tribe had
their lands taken from them ; but at the
commencement of the American revolu-
tion, the Provincial Congrefs granted them
a tratStof land, la miles wide, interfered
in the middle by the river. They have
a right, in preference to any other tribe,
to hunt and fifh as far as the mouth of the
bay of Penobfcot extends. In their towa
is a decent church with a bell ; and a
pried refides among them to adininider
the ordinances.
Indian Orchard, a tfadb of land in North'
ampton co. Pennfylvania, on the Dela«
ware and I.exawacfein rivers.
Indiana Territory, on the N W fide of
the Ohio, lately formed a part of the N
W. Territory. In January 1801, it wa«
by adt of Congrefs, eredted into a tempo-
rary government, with powers and privi-
leges fimilar to other Territorial Govern-
ments. It lies between the Great Miami
river E, and the Mifllfippi W, the Ohio S,
and the Illinois N. It is divided into the
three following counties, viz.
Counties. No. Inlitu Chiij'Tmnu Ho. Inhft-
Knox, 2517 St Viiiceiiiies, 714
RaJiiIoljih, 1103 Kndinflii:!,, ^fiy
St.ClHir, I?!;; Kahokia, 719
total. 4875
This Territory has a fi«-" foil, adapted tv
corn, wheat, rye, oats, cotton, hemp, to-
bacco, &c. The two Weftern counties of
Randolph and St. Clair, have lately pe-
titioned Congrels to be annexed to the Up-
per Loui£aaa,iai:ke Territorial Govern-
r"'itu
m
mm
IND
tNit
ilnent, wliicli will, probably foon be cftab-
liflioil tKere. On the N VV bank of the
Ohia. about ao miles fouthward of the
month of the Wabnib, N lat. :,7 36, is a
remarkable cave, called the Great Crvr,
which is one of the greateft natura* -nri-
oiitie* on the Ohio. The entrance is
^acious, and remarkably uniform ; the
clomeis cliptlcal, and the uniformity con-
tinues to its termination in the Hill.
£llieott.
ImHiiiK'., a territory in Virginia, lying
between Ohio riverand the Laurel Moun-
tain, containing about 3I millions of acres.
It is nearly of a triangular form, and ex-
fends in length from the Pennfylvania
line to the wafsrs of the Lit tie Kenhaway
It was granted to Samucf Wharton, Wil-
liam Trent, and George Morgan, Efquires,
and a few other perfons. in the year 1768,
tv the Shawnnefe, DelaAvare and Huron
tribes of Indians, aS a compcnfalion for
lofies to ths amount of^'85,9i6: 10 : 8
currency, which thefc people had fuftain-
cd by »he depredations of the Indians, in
fhc yttir 1763. , It is a valuable tradlof
Lind : but the title of thr koprietors,
thongh pronounced good 1" Committee
WCongrefsin 178a, is »t pi jnt embar-i
ralTed in confeqiterice of the revolution.
Jndiatia, H new CO. in the weftcrn parts
of Pennfylvania, which, wi{h Weftmore^
land and Armftrong, conftitute a dif-
tritH:, for fhe choice of 3 Reprefentatives.
Ind'tanf, a fmall harbour in the illand of
Cape Breton.
Indian Riwr, DiftriA of Maine, a fmall
arm of the fea, between Chandler's and
Pleafant river.
Indian River, Or Cyprefs Sivamp, lies
partly in the States of Maryland and
Delaware. This morafs extends 6 miles
from E to W, and nearly la from N to S,
including an area of nearly .yc,ooo acres
cflatjd. The whole of this fwampis a
high and level bafon, verj' wet, though
imdoubtedlytheMgheftlahdon that part
ofthecoaft. Falfc Cape, at the mouth
of Indian river, and the N E part of Ce-
dar Neck is in 38 35 i.yN lat. and 11^
miles S of the light houfe at Cape Hcnlo-
pcn. Cedar Swamp contains a great
variety of plants, trees, wild beads, birds,
and reptiles.
Indian River, on the V. conft of the pcn-
infula of E. Florida, rifcsa rtiort diftance
from the fea coaft, and runs from
N to S, forming a kind of inland paff*ge
for many miles along the coaft. It is
alfo called Rio Ap, and has on the N
fide of its mouth the point El Palmar, otif
the S that of the Leech. Nlat. 17 30,
W Ion. 80 40.
Indian JJland, Sec Penolffcut River.
InJir .. The amount of Indian popu-
lation, in America, can only be gueffcd
at. The new dilcovercd iflands in the S
Sea, and part of the N W coaft are prob-
ably the moft populous. The bed in-
formed have conjcdtured the number of
aboriginal inhabitants, or Indians, in
America, to be under two millions and a
half. The decreafc fincc the difcovcry
of Americ?, has been amazing: at that
period, the illand of Hifpaniola alone
contained at kad a million of inhabit.'
ants ; Bartholomew de las Cafas cftimatcd
the number at three millions. Millious
were buried in the -.nines, or hunted to
death by tlie Spaniards, both on the
iflands and continent. In the northern
parts of America, numbers were douht-
lefs deftroycd in forming the Englifli,
Dutch, and French colonies ; but not-
withftanding the ruptures bctwten the
coloniftsand the Indians, yery few com-
paratively pcfifhed by war. Famine,
and its companion the pefdlence, fre-
quently deftroy whole tribes. The dii-
eafes alfo introduced by the Europeans,
have made great havock ; the fpintuf's
liquors, in the ufe of which they have
been initialed by the whites, prove per-
haps mofl of all repugnant to population.
They wafte as the Luropcaiis advance ;
they moulder away, and difappear. The
mod numerous tribes art at the greated
didance from the fettlcments of the
whites, and it is very certain tliat in
proportion to their didance they are un-
acquainted with the ufe of fire drms. All
the nations N of lake truperior, and thofe
beyond the Miffifippi.ufc only bows and
arrows, fo that when their feattered fitu-
ation is confidercd, the various cudonis
and fuperditions which it would be nec-
effary to reconcile, in order to produce
unity of adtion, and what a fmall propor-
tion of them have the apparatus, or un-
derdand the nfc of mufquctry, or pofleli*
nfaurces to enable them to carry on
lading hodilities aguiud the power of the
United States, it mult bt obvious that
even partial defeats of the federal troops
will haden their ruin, notwithdanding
the wonderful dexterity .ind intrepidity
which they have exhibited in feveral ac-
tions with the regular troops in late wars.
But this neither is nor ought to be the
wilh of the inhabitanU of tlie United
States i
9tatei; they ought t* teach them the
blcflings of peace, and curb the exorbi-
tant luft of farther extent of territory. A
lift of Indian rribefc, in ImUy't Hiftory of
Kentucky, maken the aggregate number
lefs than 6o,ooo who inhabit the country
from the Gulf of Mexico on both fides
of the MifBfippi, to the Gulf of St. Law-
rence, and as far weft as the country has
been generally explored, that is, to the
head water of the Miffifippi, and from
thence a good way up the Miflburi, and
between that river and Santa Fe. To
give any account of the nation;* farther
fuuth, far lefs in 9. America, would be a
ta(k beyond all hounds ; the chief of
thcfe arc noticed under their refpeCkive
names. The population of the Indian
nations in the fouthern parts of the U-
nited States, fomewhat different from
imiay, is, according to Mr. Purcell, who
refided among them in 1780, as follows :
Muibogees, commou- Gun men. Total.
ly called Crecksi
Chatfhiws,
Chickafaws,
Cherokees,
Catabaws,
5860 17,180
4x31 I3v4*3
575 a*yo
a8oo 8jjro
150 490
13,516 4a,o33
The above red nations have increafed in
a fmall degree fiuce the general peace ef-
tabliQied among them in 1777. The
whites incorporated among them are few
in number, and lead a vagabond life, go-
ing from tribe to tribe as their reftlefs
difpofition leads them. The increafe of
population is conliderably checked by
the ^antities of adulterated and poifon-
ou» fpirituous liquors, and the venereal
didemper introduced among them by the
whites. In the northern difl:ri<ft of N-
America, Mr. Hutchtns,in t778,elliniates
the Indians, N of the Ohio, and E of the
MilGfippi, at 13,800, and thofe weft-
ward of Lake Superior and the Mimfippi,
at 10,000. He particularly enumerates
the tribes, the number in each, their
dwelling and their hunting grounds.
Major Gen. Anthony Wayne put an cud
to the deftru(^ive war with the Indians
by a treaty of peace and friendftiip con-
cluded at Greenville, Auguft 3, 1795,
which was ratified by the Prefident of
the United States, December as, 1795.
The Indian tribes iigned the treaty in
the following order : IVyandoti, Dela-
tvaret, Sbaivatttet, Ottawat, Cbipazuas, Otta-
wa, Patatujtames of the river of St. Jofeph,
Patawatamn of Huron, Miam'its, Miami*
Vot.f. F£
and Eel Xlver, Eel Rivtr tribe, Miatiit't
Kiciafooi 2nd KaJkaJkiai,Delaioaret of San*
' dufky, and fome of the Six Natiom living
at Sandulky. Thefe Indians ceded to
the United States various tratSU of land
from 3toi3milc!iA}uare,ncar the difFerenc
ports in the N W Territory. The Unit-
ed States delivered to the Indian tribes
above named in goods to the value of
20,000 dollars ; and agreed to deliver iu
goods to the value of 9^00 dollars annu-
allv, for ever. The portion which each
tribe is to receive will be feen in the ac-
count of the particular nation or tribr.
Little is yet known of the Indians in the
interior parts of N. America. In I792(
Mr. Stewart, faid to be in the employ of
the Britifli court, relumed from four
years travels through the hitherto unex-
plored regions tu the weftward. Taking
his courfe weft fouthwefterly frdm tl^e
ports on (he lakes, he penetrated to the
head of the Miflburi, and from thence
due W, to within 500 miles of the fliores
of the Pacific ocean. H; joined the in-
terior Indians in fcveral battles againft
the rtiore Indians, all which coming Ihorc
of his obje«!t, the procuring a peace, fa
that he might explore the continent fronv
fcatofea; after fume ftay, he returned
nearly by the fame route he had purfu-
ed in going out. Beyond the MiHouri,
Mr. Stewart met with many powerful
natioiv«,in general hol'pitable and courte-
ous. The Indian nations he vifited wert-
ward, appeared to be a polifhed and civ-
ilized people, having towns regularly
built, and being in a rtate of fociety noc
far removed from that of the Europeanst
and only wanting the ufe of iron and
fteel to be perfeAly fo. They are al-
ways clad in fkins, cut in an elegant man-
ner, and in many refpetSts preferable to
the garments in ufe among the whites.
Adjacent to thefe nations is a vaft ridge
of mountains, which may be called the
Alleghany of the Weftern parts of Amer-
ica, and ferves as a barrier againft the
too frequent incurfions of the coaft In-
dians, who entertain a mortal antipathy
to the nations and tribes inhabiting the
country cart ward of the mountains. Since
Mr. Stewart, .Alexander Mackenzie has
explored the country from the Lakes to
the Pacific ocean. See N. Amirica, N. W.
Coaft, and RfKenziei river.
Indian Town, in Maryland, a village oa
Indian Creek, on the S £ bank of Chop-
tank river, Dorchefter co. 3 miles S W of
New Market,
Indian
i
-iCt
t;!
ING
IPS
TnJiait Town, a [mM town of N. Caro-
lina, 51 milei from Edenton.
InJiet. See H^eJI India.
Inglii Ferry, Montgomery co. Virginia.
Herei>apofto(Rcc,ji5 miles TromWaih-
ingt(y
Iniuflryt * townfliip in Kennebeck co.
Maine, incorporated June, 1803, havtr!r
Farmington W, and Starkcs £, 35 miles
N W of Auguftj.
In^rahiim, Port, on the weflcrn fide of
Wafhington Idand, on the N W coaft of
N. America, is divided into two parts by
Young Frederick's Idand. It is a fine
harbour for wintering in, being near the
fca, and having deep water. N lat. 53
37, Wlon. 133 r8.
In^raham FJles, in the S. Pacific ocean, lie
N N Wof the Marquefas Illaiids, from 35
to 50 leagues difi:int, and are 7 in number,
viz. Oi>boona,OT Wadiiiigton ; Wooapoo, or
Adams ; Lincoln ; Nooheeva, or Federal ;
7 lijoeUe, or Franklin ; Hancock.and Knox.
The names ivi Italic are thufe by which
they arc known to the natives. The oth-
ers were given them by Captain Jofeph
Ingrahamiof Uoftan in Miirachufetts, com-
mander of the brigantine Hope of Boflon,
who difcovered them on the 19th of April,
1791, a day remarkable in the annals of
America, the revolutionary war having
commenced on that day in 1 7 75, and the
firft difcoveries made under the flr.g of the
United States n\arked its i6ch annivarfary.
Thefe illands, lying between 8 3 and 9 -24
Slat. and between 140 19 and 141 18 W
Ion. from Greenwich, are moflly inhabit-
ed, and appear to be generally variegat-
ed with hills anl valleys, abounding with
timber, and very pleaiant. N'oohemi/?, or
Federal illand, is reprefented by the na-
tives to bt the largeli, mofl populous and
produfkive of the whole; which, they
fay, are 10 in number. The people re-
femble thofe of the Marquefas Illands ; as
do their canoes, which are carved at each
end. Cotton of a fuperior quality grows
here. The natives were friendly. Be-
fore Ingraham's difcovery was known,
Cipt^n Jollah Roberts, of Bofton, failed
in the fhip Jefferfon for the N W Coaft,
and likewife difcovered thefe iflands. He
gave them different names ; bi t to avoid
confufion, the reader is re-i.-rred to each
illand under the Indian name when it is
known. As thefe illands lie in that part
of the Pacific Ocean, through wliich vef-
fels from Europe or America, bound to
the N W Coaft, muft pafs.and are not far
out of their ufual track, they may be vif-
Ited for refrcfliment in cafe of need. $ti
Nooheeva., and Murqutfat Iflainti, &c.
Inircbia River, or Caguila, the nai)ie of
Orinoco river, at its fource in the moun-
tains, weftward, between New Granada
and Peru, not far from the S. Sea.
Inna Qiito, one of the fpacious plaint
upon the N fide of Quito, in Peru.
Tnfiua River, is laid down in fome mapt
as the N W and main branch of St. Cruix
river, an caftern water of the Mifiifippi,
rifing in lat. 48 N.
Jnvernefs, Ne^v, a town on the river A-
latamaha, in Georgia, built by a company
of emigrants from the Highlands of S\.ot-
land, 130 of whom were brought over by
Gen. O^rlethorpe in 1734. It is about ao
miles from Frederica. Thefe fettlers pre-
fented a moft pathetic and prophetic re-
monftrauce to Geb. Oglethorpe in Jauu-
ry, 1718, againft tlieintrodut^ion of flavei
into the colony.
/owa, a river of Louifiana, which run»
S £ into the MifCfippi, in N lat. 41 5, 61
miles :ibovc the Iowa Rapids, where on
the E fide of the river is the Lniuer loiva
Towit, which zo years ago could furnilh
300 warriors. The Upper lotva Totw/i is about
15 miles below tlie mouth of the river,on
the £ fide of the Milllfippi, and could
formerly furniili 400 warriors^ See Rivierr
du Mains.
Ifi/ioicli, ths A>ra7oamo{ the Indians, is a
poft town and port of entry on both fide*
of Ipfwich R. m EQ'ex co. Maflachufetts,
iz miles S of Newburyport, 10 N £ of
Beverly, 30 N E by N of Bofton, and
about a mile from the fea. The townftiip
of Ipfwich is divided into 4 pariflxes, and
contains 601 houfe3,and 3305 inhabitants.
There 1$ an excellent ftone bridge acrofs
Ipfwich R. compofed of two arches, with
one folid pier in the bed of the river, which
connsib the two parts of the town, ex-
eaitedunderthe direiftionof the late Hon.
Judge Choatc. This was heretofore a
place of much more confideration than
at prefent. Its decline is attributed to
a barred harbour and fho'als in the river.
Its natural fituation is pleafant, and on
all accounts excellently well calculated ti>
be a large manufadturing town< The fu-
preme judidial court, the courts of com-
mon pleas and feflions are held here once
a year, on the ift Tuefday of April ; and
from its central fituation, it appears to be
the moft convenient place for all th«
courts and public offices of the county.
The inhabitants are chiefly farmers, ex-
cept thofe iu the compait part of the
townftiip.
mo
ISA
tr>wnfliip. A few vrflVU are employed \n
the iiflier^, and a few trade to the \V.
Indictf. Silk and thread lace, of an elegant
texture, are manufa<5lurcd here by wo-
men and children, in large qiianlitie*, and
liold for ufe and exportation in Bofkon,
and other mercantile towns. In 1790, no
lefa than 41,979 yards were made here,
and the manufa<Slure is rather increafing.
Ipfwiich townfliip was iucoiporatcd in
1634, and is 378 niile<i N £ of Philadel-
phia. N lat. 43 43, W Ion. 7050.
• If>fiui(b, Netv, a townihrp in Hillibo-
rough ca Hampfliire, containing ia66
inhabitants, fituatcd on the wc Q fide of
Souhegan river, and fcparated from
Whatohook Mountain by the N line of
Maffachufetts ; j6 miles N W of Bofton,
and about 77 Wof rortfrnouth. It was
incorporated in 1763, and has in it a
flouriilnng academy.
Ipfwkb Hiver, rifes from fcv«ral fprings
in a meadow in the Weft part of Wil-
mington, paffing through Reading, Mid-
dleton, and Tbp&fie)d,it enters the ocean
in Ipfwich. It is navigable from the
mouth to this town, where there arc falL
on which are ere<aed a number of mills ;
juft below which, the poft road croffcs
the river, it is in general a (luggiih
ftream, affording but a few mill feats.
Irajburfr, a townfliip in Orleans co.
Vermont, on Black river, 17 miles N of
Hazen Block houfc, and 12 S of tiie Can-
ada line. It has 15 inhabitants.
Iredell County, in Salifbury diftridl, N.
Carolina, Is furrounded by Surry, Row-
an, and Burke. The climate is agreea-
ble and healthy ; the lands beautifully
vaiiegated with hills, and tjie foil rich.
It contains 8761 inhabitants, of whom
1481 are Haves. At Jredell court houfc is
a poft office. It is 25 miles from Salifbu-
ry, and 35 from Charlotte court houfe.
Ireland, Neiv, a long narrow ifland in
the Pacific ocean, N of New Britain, ex-
tending from the N W to the S £ about
«70 miles, and in general very narrow ;
between 3 and 5 S lat. and X46 30, and
151 £ Ion. from Paris. The inhabitants
are negroes. The iHand is covered with
wood, and abounds with pi^'.eons, parrots,
and other birds. Weft and N W of ^ew
Ireland, lie Sandwich, Portland, New
Hanover, and Admiralty lllands, difcov-
ered and named by Captain Carteret, in
Z767. The tracks of Le Maire and
-Schouten in 1616, of Roggewin in 1732,
and of Bouganville in I ; 68,paf3 thefe ifla nd».
Jroit, jPoittte de, or Irifi Foiiit, a village
on the Wend of the ifland of Rt.Domingfl.
Jion Biinki, a trai!^ ot land on the £
fide of the MiiLfippi, below the mouth
of the Ohio.
Iron CijHe, onc of the forts of Porto
Bdlo, in b. Amciica, which admirul Vci-
non took and diftroycd in 1739.
Iratidcquat, callcU iu lomc maps Ge Run-
Jfgut; a gull or bay on the b fide of the
Lake Onlurit), 4 nwlcs £ of Walker's at
the mouth of Gcnince river.
Iron Mounljinj, Gnat, in Tcneflte, ex-
tends from the river Tcncllie to that of
French Broad from S W to N £ tiirther
to the N £, the ranijc has the name of
Bald Mountuiu, and beyond the Nola»
chucky, that of Iron Mouuiaiiis. I'he
Iron Mountaius, fcems to be the name
generally applied to the whole range.
It conftitutcs the boundary between Tin-
efiee, and N. Carolina, and extends from
near the lead mines, on the Kanhaway,
through the Cherokee <-«iuntry, to the S
of Cliota, and lirminatcs near the fourcci
of the Mobile. Ihe caverns and laf*
cades in thelemounti'insare innumerable.
Iroquois, Point aux, on the Si. Lawrence,
U. Canada, 6 or 7 miles above the rapid
plat in the townfliip of Matilda.
Irogutit. See Six Nutioiu.
Iroqiioij River, See Horrel.
Ir-uin Ri-jcr, is a w( ftcrn head water of
the Ntiis, in N- Carolina.
Irivin, a townfliip in Venango co.
Pennfylvania, has 813 inhabitants.
Ifabet, St, one ot the iflands of Solo-
mon, 300 miles in circumference in the
Pacific Ocean, 7 30 S lat. about if)a
leagues W of Lima, difcovercd by Mcn-
daua, 1^67, whofe inhabitants are canni-
bals, and worfliip ferpents, toads, and
other animals. Their complexion is
bronze, their hair woolly, and they wear
no covering but round the waift. The
people are divided into tribes, and are
conftantly at war with each other. Bata
were feen here, which from onc extrem-
ity of their wings to the otlier, mcafured
5 feet. Dampier,who has the reputation
of exadlnefs, fays that he faw, in the
fmall ifland of Sabuda, on the W coaft of
Papua, bats as large as young rabbits,
having wings 4 feet in extent from one
tip to the other.
Ifabella River, Scc Ozama.
Ifahella Point, lies on the N fide of the
illand of St. Domingo, and forms the N £
fide of the bay of its name. N lat. 19
59 ro. This is the port where Colum-
bus formed the firft Spauiih fcttleineut
' ' on
i:»
m
1'1-
ISL
on the Idand, and named both it and the
point after hit patronefs Queen H'abella.
He entered it in the night, driven bv a
tempcfi It i* overlooked by a very high
mountain flat at the tvp, and furround*
ed with roclu, but ii a little ezpofcd to
the N W wind. The river Ifabella xvhich
falli into it, is eonfiderablc. There are
X4 fathoms of water to anchor in. The
fcttlemcnt wai begun in 1493, was given
up in 1496, when its inhabitants Mxre
carried to the ritv of 3t. Domingo, which
originally was called New Uabclla. The
ba^ is laid to have good anchorage for
ihips of war. It is about 29 leagues Eaft
by North of Cape Franfois, meal'uring in
a Araight line.
Jfca, or rather ha, with Pifco and Naf-
ta, three towns from which a juriWic-
tion of Lima in Peru, S. America, hnhi*^
name. Great quantities of wine are
made here and exported to Calao. It al-
fo produces excellent olives, either for
eating or for oil. The fields which are
watered by trenches, yield an uncommon
plenty of wheat, maize, and fruits. This
jurifdiiSkion is remarkable for fpacious
woods of carob trees, with the fruit of
ivhich the inhabitants feed numbers of
alTes, for the ufes of agriculture, to this
and the neighbouring jurirdidlions. The
Indians who live near the fta apply them-
fclves to fifhing, and after faltine the lifli
carry them to a good market in the towns
among the mountains.
IJland Lake, in N. America, W of Hud-
fon's Bay in lat. 60 45 N, Ion. loa aj W.
It is 1$ miles wide, its length is much
greater. It is full of iflands and well
Aored with fifh. Hearne.
IJUndi, fiay ef, on the fouth coafl of
}fova Scotia.
JJle Neclar, in the W.Pacific ocean on-
ly 500 toifcs long, without tree or flirub.
It is accefTible only at the S E point,
where a ridge of rocks projedts two ca-
Ue lengths into the fea. Lat. 13 34 H,
Ion. 166 5a W.
jyie ef WigBi, a county of Virginia, on
the S fide of James's river, W of Norfolk
county, being about 40 miles long and
'Ij broad, and contains 5313 free inhab-
itants, and 4049 flaves. A mineral fpring
has been difcovered near the head of the
W branch of Nanfemond river, about 10
miles from Smithfield, and la from Suf-
folk. It is much reforted to, and famed
for its medicinal qualities.
Jfle Rtyal, on th^ N W fide of Lake „
Superior, lies within the territory of the , [
JA C'
United Stales, N W of the Ohio, is nbo\it
100 miles long, and in many places about
40 broad. 1 he natives I'uppofc that this
and the other illands in the lake arc the
refidence of the Great Spirit,
JJltJhoreugb, B townfltip in Haiicock ro.
Maine, formed by Long llland, in tlie
centre of renobfcot Bay, 15 miles in
length, and from a to 3 in breadth. It
was incoviwratcd in 1789, contains 4S3
inhabitauts, and is a6o miles N £ by N
of Bollon.
IJcs Je Mjdame, lie at the S end of Sydt
ncy, or Cape Breton llland, on which
ihey are dependent. The largeft of tlitfe,
with Cape Canfo, the £ point of Nova
Scotia, form the entrance of the Gut nf
Canfo from the Atlantic ocean, bee
Cafe Breton.
IJIes of Ban Jifepb Calvn, a large cluf-
ter ot iilands m the S. Sea. Lat. 19 39 S,
Ion. 17938 E from Paris. They are
populous, afTording plenty of potatoes,
cocoa, banana and other fruits.
IJIifr a pod town of N. York, Sufiblk
en. Long I. £ of Huntington, and con-
tains 958 inhabitants.
Ivrbgne Point, in the St. Lawrence, U.
Canada, in front of the townfliip of £d-
wardlburg, lies a little below Ifledu Fort
Levi, on the North Ihore. Smytb.
J-wanee,o. little town near St. Jago de
Cuba, where a fmall remnant of the an-
cient Indians live, who have adopted the
manners and language of the Spaniards.
J ACKSON, a co\mty in Georgia, con-
taining 7736 inhabitants, of whom 1400
are flaves.
Jacifonloro, a poft town, Scriven co.
Georgia, 670 miles from WaAiington.
Jack/on CO in Teneffee, Mcro DiltriiS'.
Jackfont River, a head water of James's
river in Virginia, rifss in the Warm
Spring Mountains, about ao miles fouth-
weft of the Warm Spring Mountains, and
runs fouthwcft through the valley until
Carpenter's creek joins it from that quar-
ter, when the river aflumes the name of
Fluvanna, and flows foutheafV. About
three quarters of a mile from its iburcc it
falls over a rock aoo feet into the valley
below. The fliect of water is broken in
its breadth by the rock in two or three
places, but not in its height. Between
the fheet and the rock at the bottom you
may walk acrofs dry. It is near half as
high again as Nia^raj but ffi only i a or
jj feet wide. . Jafkfo>ijliirtiis,k,
JAG
'Jackfoifitrnvfth^ B fmall pcft tawn of S,
C:iroliiia, (in tlit \V i'uli' ol Ldillu river,
abuut 35 milcH W iif Cliarli-flun.
Jiicmel, » jurifdidlion iiid lea purttown
on tliv iouth lide of tht illand tii Jai.Uii-
n>ingu. 'I'hu jmiUliOiion, in the French
part of tlkv iliuiid, cuntuinH ^ paridicit. is
remarkable for the goodiit!* of iti foil,
and the abundeiit crop^ ot coil't e ; and iH
fufccptible of aj>re:'.t aiigmontaiion. Its
exports from januifry i, ir^fy to I^ec. ,li,
of tlic fame year, were 27,35clb. white fu-
gar ; 55,6a4lb. brown i'uv^M- ; 4,072,702)1).
of colVee; 406,8311b. return, and 10,0461b.
indigo. 1 he duties on cxpurution of the
above amounted to 15,619 dollam, 16
cent*. 'I'he town i* fituuted on the louth
fide of the neck of the fonth pciiindila.
The town ii 6 leagues weftward of Caycs
de Jacmel, 74 call of the bay and town of
£aynet, as far fouth of Le'ogane on tlie
north fide of the pcninl'ula, 13 fouthwcft
of Port au Friuae, and S3 eaft of Cape
'liburon. N lat. 18 ai, W Ion. from
Paris 75 a.
Jacmel, Cayes d,; a town and parifli on
theeafilide of the (Ireum of its name, 6
leagues eaft of the above town of Jacmel.
This parifli is bounded eaft by the plain
on the Spanifli part, at the foot of the moun-
tains of Bahoruco, 80 leagues fquarcfit for
any kindofcultivation. On tlie neii^hbour-
ing mountains coiTec would fucceed well.
JacoH'i Creek, an caftern water of Youg-
hiogany river in Weftmoreland county,
Pennfylvania. I'herc is a carrying place
6 miles weft to Monongahela river, from
the Youjrhiogany, oppolite the mputh pf
this creek.
yadaghtjue. See ChaUiugLqut.
Jlfrey, a poft town in Chefliire coun-
ty, N. Hampili ire, on the S fide of the
Great Monadnock Mountain, 6 miles N
of the Mrtnachiifetts line, 19 E of Con-
nedlicut river, and about 56 W S W of
Portfmouth. It was incorporated in
1773, *nd contains 1341 inhabitants
Here are found red and yellow oclirt,
allum, vitriol, and black lead in great
quantities. The buck tean '^menyanthes)
iiaid to be a rare plant in 1^. Hampfliire,
and of lingular ufe In medicine, is found at
Jaffrey, near the Great Monadnock.
Jago, St. a river in the province of Chi-
ametlan, in New Spain, which it is fa id
rifes in the lake Guadalajara, and emp-
ties into the North Pacific Ocean, by a
mouth half a mile broad, and xo feet deep
at low water.
Jago, St. a large river of S. America,
iwluch rifea ia the aadieacc of Quito, ia
JAO
Peru. It is navigable, wafciv a fertita
country, and fallo into the UiUih ^icx
J'lgu, Ht.si large an<l li.iiulloii.e town of
S America, capital of C'liili, \^i ill « j;ood
liiirlxair, and a biftiop'!) lev, and a i()}«J
audienrc. It is Icaticl cm a l.irj^L', lieauli-
ful plaiii, abounding in itil the lun-llariM
of life, at the foot of the C'ordilieta dc loi
Andes, on the liver Mapociio, which luua
acrols it from t to W. It is abtiul 1.0
miles Irom \'alpai aifo, wliith is the pot t
town to it. The Urtcts ai e well paved,
and the ncft of tlxm ha\e a fticam of
clean water running through the ■'. '1 l.c
I houl't>ti are ail h.w, in general but one fiuiy
I of 16 f<;et, '■ cy cover a large c tcni t'f
' ground ; in ihe centre is a lar^'j opt 1 touit,
I of from 60 to ICO Xect lijuin . 'i'hii court
! is planted vith a v 'itiiy oi flowers and
fruit treci, and 'n inoft ot the houl'es there
lis a Itreanxoi fiUh watt; i.itinuall' -ua^
ning throujOi the court, which fei ^« at
()ni;t' to refrtlli the flowers, to j'l" .■■ .1*
eye, and benefit the health of tt • 'nhalv
itants. 'I'.he inlides of I ' rooms arc ele-
gant, tlie corniflies arc ^' d,-. i.nnd the fur-
niture is fuited to the -ch ,v;ipearance of
the houles. Alinoft all the common arti-
gles ufed in the huufcs are of lilver ; and
It is not uncommon to fee gold pitclicrs,
gold candlefticks,&c. They havenocbiin^
neys to their houles, the weather never
bemg lo cold, as to rr juire a large lire ;
when it is chilly they iiave elegant lilver
veflels, filled with coals brought in and
placed in difterent parts of the houfe.
Though theJiQufes are thus elegam, tho
inliabitants are ftill more interefting. Not
a houfe which you enter is without a gui-
tar, and a number of beautiful females ta
play u ^'i •t,who accompany the iuftrn-
inenl >'.i<'. ; heir enchanting voices. Th«
people Vie with each other in making vif-
itants happy ; in the forepart of the
day are offered Iwcetmeats and flowers,
iiid in the afternoon, chocolate, cordials,
&c. Indeed more polite and friendly
treatment could not be received from any
people, than from thefe liofpitable Chi-
litcs. A new mint is now building, a flu-
pendousand elegant fabric 4J0 feet fquare,
curioully divided, with 750 windows and
doors. It has a large open iquare in the
centre for the flower garden, like the
dwelling houfes,but of a height proprtion-
ate to its bignefs on the ground, with a gal-
lery all around it. The roof is flat, which
forms a beautiful walk from wliich the
whole city may be viewed to great ad-
vantage, [HviitU's jQurnei.] Ihc tovv»
is
Itili !,
'^'.n
M
it' •!v^.
t'^ ■,• <:
JAG
h fubje^ to earthquakes, and the inhab-
itants are native Americans and Spaniards.
It contains 40,000 inhabitants according
to Abbe R.tvnal, and carries on a confid-
crable trade with Buenos Ayres, by land,
.-554 leagues diflant. Although above 40
leagues of the way arc aniidfl the fnows
and precipices of the Cordilleras, yet it is
found fafer and cheaper to fend goods by
this road than by fen. See Cliii. S I at.
33 40, W Ion. 69 35.
yi'^ ife Gun lima la St. Sec Gvatimala.
jfff^n de Cuba, a town on the foutSiem
coaft of the ifland of Cuba, with a good
harbour, feated at the bottom of a bay,
and on the river of the lame name. It
was formerly the capital of the iOand, and
was built in 15 1 4, is well fortified, and
commands the windward paflage. I'his
place has a decliuir.g al'pcdt, and prefents
only the ruins of its former grcatnefs.
Yet it has a noble, fafe, and commodious
port, inferior to the Havannah only in its
lituation. Within 3 leagues of it, at Cov-
ery, is a rich copper mine. In the road
from St. Jago to St. Salvadorc are a great
qnautity of flint(U)ne9, of various fixes, fo
ronnd that they might I'erve for cannon
Intllets. St. Jago has a cathedral with
canons reiidentiary, and had once a good
trade, but it is removed to the Havanneh,
where its biHiop alfo refides. Sir Francio
Drake took and burnt this city in 1585.
It is about ^^ leagues to the eadward of
the Copper Hills, iz or 13 W of Cumber-
land harbour, and 41 S 6 Wof the £ end
of th^Rfland of Jamaica. N lat. 20 15, W
loB. 76 40.
J ago de Leon, St. a towT of Venezuela, a
province of Terra Firma, in S. America,
18 miles from the feacoafl, and fit uated on
a plain, amongft high mountains extreme-
ly difficult of accefs. It was taken by the
Englifli in x J99 ; but afterwards reflored
to Spain.
y^rgo de-Nexafba, St.a town of Guaxaca,
in the audience of Mexico, fituated in
the valley of Nexapha, on a river which
falls into the river /. Ivarado. It has a
rich convent of Domin'cans.
yago Del EJlero, St. a town of S. Ameri-
ca, one of the moft confiaerable of Tucu-
man, and the refidence of the inquifitor
of the province, and is a biliop'sfee. It
is fituated on the banks of the Dolee,
which is here pretty large and navigable
for veflels of brirden. It is 160 leagues
E of Potofi. S lat 34 40, W Ion. 64 S5-
yago De Las fu/Zw, St a town of N. „
America, in (he audicaceof M«xicp, feat- 1
JAM
ed on a plain, on the river Panuc*, N lat,
23, W Ion 71 10.
y«go De La Vega, or Spanijh Town, it
the capital of the ifland of Jamaica ; fituat-
ed in ^liddlef'ex co. on the banks of the
river Cobre, about 6 miles from the fea«
and contains between 5 and 600 houfes,
and about 5,000 inhabitants, including
people of colour. It is the relidence of the
governor or commander in chief, who it
accommodated with a i'uperb palace.
Here the legiflature is convened, and the
court of chancery, and the lupreme court
of judicature are held. It was greatly
damaged by a ilorm in 1772. It lies in
the 8 £ part of the ifland, about 7 milei
N W of Port PafTage, on the bay of Port
Royal. N lat. 18 6, W Ion. 76 49.
yago, St. in the ifland of St. Domingo.
See Tage.
yamaiea, a townfliip in Windham co.
Vermont, watered by leveral branches of
Wed river, and containing '463 inhabit-
ants.
yamaiea, a pod and chief town of
Queen's co. N. York, in the W part of I^.
ifland, and contains a Prefbyterian, an
Fpifcopalian, and a Dutch church, an
academy, and nearly 100 dwelling houfes.
It is 12 miles £ of N. York city. The
whole townfliip contains 1,661 inhabit-
ants.
yamaiea, an ifland fituated in the
Atlantic ocean, about 4060 miles S W
of Great Britain, and forms one of the
moft valuable appendages to that crown.
It is 30 leagues £ of the ifland of St. Do-
mingo ; about the fame diftance N of the
ifland of Cuba; having the gulf of Hon-
duras on the W, and Carthagena on the
continent of S. America to the S, diftant
145 leagues. The centre of Jamaica
lies in about 18 12 N lat. and about 76 45
W Ion. from London. It is 150 miles in
length, and on a medium about 40 mile*
in breadth, containing 4,080,000 acres ;
of which 900,000 acreii were planted in
1675: and in November, 1789, .there
were no more than 1,907,589 acres loca-
ted, or taken up, by grants from the
crown. This ifland is interfetSted with a
ridge of fteep xocks, from which ifi'ue a
vaft number of fmall rivers of pure whole-
fome water, which fall down in cataraiSts,
and together with the ftupendous height
of the mountains, and the bright verdure
of the trees, through which they flow
with rapidity to the fea on both fides of
the idand, form a moft delightful land*
fcape \ but oooe are navigable by marine
TefTels.
JAM
VefTels. The bluemountainPeakrifn 7431
feet above the level of the fea. (^Pinierton.)
Black river Uthe deeped, and is navigable
for 71at bottomed boats and canoes 30
miles. Sugar is the greateft and mod val-
uable produdtion of this ifland. Of this
article was exported to Great Britain in
1787, 8l4f7o6cwt. in 1790, i.iSj^yi^cwt.
It produces alfo cocoa, ginger, pimenta, or
as It is called, Jamaica pepper, and vul-
garly allfpice ; the wild cinnamon, the
machlaeel, whofe fruit, though uncom-
monly delightful to the eye, contains one
of the worft poifons in nature ; the cab-
bage tree, reiiwrkable for its height, and
for the hardnefs of its wood, whicli, when
dry, is incorruptible, and hardly yields to
any kind of tool ; the palma, affording
oil, much efteemed by tbe negroes, both
as food and medicine ; the foap tree,
whofe berries anfwer all the purpofes of
wafliing ; the mangrove and olive bark,
ttfeful to tanners ; the fuAie and red-
wood, to the dyers ; and lately the log-
wood. The indigo plant was formerly
nach cultivated, and the cotton tree is
ftill fo. £bre they have maize, or Indian
corn, Guinea corn, peas of various kinds,
with a variety of roots. Fruits grow in
great plenty, as' citrons, Seville and China
oranges, common and fweet lemons, limes,
fhaddocks, pomegranates, mamees, four-
fops, papas, pine apples, prickly pears, ?.l-
licada pears, melons, guavas, feveral kinds
of berries, and kitchen vegetables in great
Tariety. Admiral Rodney enriched this
beautiful irtand with many of the rare
produtltions of the Eall, which fell into
his hands by the fortune of war ; particu-
larly the bread fruit tree, the true Cey-
lon cinnamon tree, and the mango tree.
Jamaica can boaft of a botanical garden
containing the rareft collection of curious
trees and plants perhaps in the world ; of
which a catalogue has been publiflied.
The botanical garden contains, among
other valuable produdlions, the Chincfe
hemp, pahn, Otaheite plum, tallow tree,
gum arable, paper mulberry, from which
paper and cloth are made, te4 plant, and
Chinefe olivei The other produiStions,
both animal and vegetable, arc fuch as
arecommontothe othcriflandsin the Weft
Indies ; but mahogany is now become
fcarce. In many parts of Jamaica there is
a great a,ppearance of metals ; and it is
believed that the Spaniards had mineii
both of diver and copper. A lead mine
wns indeed opened fomc years ago, near
to the Hope edate, in St. Andriw't p^r-
JAM
Ilh ; but the pofTcdbrs find more profit T«
cultivating the furfacc of the earth tliait
digging into its bonreh. Jamaica is di-
vided into 3 counties, MiJJUfex, Surr\f
and Cornwall ; fubdivided into to parim"
es, a' follows : Mlddlcfcx contains thofe of
St. Mary, St. Ann, St. John, St. Dorothy,
St. Thomas in the Vale, Clarendon, Vere>
St. Catherine, the town of St. Jago de lif
Vega, the capital, and 13 villages ; 244
fugar plantations, and 43,626 negroea
Surry contains the paridies of St. Andrew,
St. George, Portland, Port Royal, St. Da«
vid, St.Thom.i9 in the Eaft, Kinc(>on, the
toAvns of Kingfton and Port Royal, 8 vil-
lages, ijy fugar pla'ntati<nis, and 47,337
negroes. Corntvall contains the parifhei
ofTrelawney, SLjames, Hanover, WeH-
mureland, St. Elizabeth, the towns of Sa-
vanna Ir Mar, Montego Bay, and Fal-
mouth, 309 fugar plantations, and 57,835
negroes. The whole 30 pariflies contain
18 churches and chapels ; and each par-
idv has a ret^or and other church ofllcers.
Preientations to livings are made by the
commander in chief. The number of
wliite inhabitants in 1787, was 30,000;
freed negroes 10,000; mai-ooiM 1400;
and flaves 250,000 ; in all, 304,000. The
value of this illand as Britlflx property, i»
eftimnted as follows : ajo,ooo, negroes at
£50 fterlin^ each, 14 i-a millions ; the
landed and perfonal property and buikU
ings to which they are appertinent, 45
millions more ; the houfes and property
in the towns, and the veflels employed ia
trade, i i-2 millions ; in all 39 millioni.
The exports of Jamaica for one year,
ending the Jth of January, 1788, amounts
edinderling money 10,^2.136,44*: 17: 3,
In 1787 the exports to the United State*
amounted to £60,095 : 18 fliillings, and
importations from the United States n>
the value of £90,000. This ifland wa»
originally a part of the Spanilb empire in
America. It was reduced under the Brit-
ifli doivinion by Penn and Venable* iifc
1656, and ever fince has been fubjedb to
Great Britain. The government of it i»
one of the richeft places next to that of
Ireland, in the difpofal of the crown, the
ftanding falary being £2500 per annum,
and the aflTemoly commonly vote as much
more to the governor ; which, with other
perquiiitcs, make it on the whole little
lefs than £io,coo a year. This fine ill-
and is fubjcdl: to earthqu:<.kcs and hurri-
canes, whicli have done it incredible
damage. See Weji InJiu and Cold Upring.
Jamu'f
}r !!■
'm
JAM
^<«>»ftV Say, licft at the hottom 6i moiff
uiichern part of Hudfud's Bay, with
^hich it communicates, and divides Nevv
Britain Trom doutii Wales. It contains
fevcrat idands, among which are Bear,
Viiiers, Chirletoii, and Agontifca iilands.
Michifiicotoii river, which falls into Lake
Superior, has its fource towards this bay,
ii'om whence there is faid to he but a
fliort portage to Moole river, \vhich falls
into James's Bay.
yamji'i Cibc, ^t. 19 the foHthcrnmoftex-
Ircmity of Wafliint^ton Irtesj on the N W
coafl: of N. America.
James's IJlamI, lies on the S fide of
Charlcllou harbour, in S. Carolina, o|}po-
lite to dharledort, and contains about 50
families. It is feparated from Jchn's lil-
aiid on the weftward by Stono river.
Jamtsi a rtavigable river of Virginia,
called anciently Poiohatan by the Indians,
is formed by the junction of Jackfon's
and Cowpaliure rivers, which ai-e nearly
equal. At the very place where it be-
gins to break through the Blue ridge, it
teceJves the North river, which is one
third as large as the main (tream. fie-
tweca the Bl«e ridge, and Richmond, it
teceives fiuifaloe Tye river, P^ockflfli,
Rivannah on the Nf, on the I? Bent
creek. State river and Willis's. It af-
fords harbour for veflels of any fize in
Hampton Road, but not in fafety through
the whole winter ; and there is naviga-
ble water for them as far .is Mulberry
lland. A 40 gun fliip goes to Jamel-
town, and, lightening herfelf,m3y pafs to
Harrifon's Bar, on which there is only 15
feet water. Veffclls of ajo tons may go
lo Warwick ; thofe of I«5 go to Rock-
ets's, a mile below Richmond, from
thence is about 7 feet water to Rich-
mond ; and about the centre of the town
4^ feet, where the navigation is interrupt-
ed by falls, which in a courfe of 6 mile<t,
Jefc nd about 80 feet perpendicular. A
canal is nearly or quite completed for the
palling of boats by ihcfe falls. Above
thefe the river is navigable for batteaux
and canoes to within 10 miles of the Blue
ridge ; and even through the Blue ridge a
ton weight has been brought ; and the ex-
penfe would not be great, when compar-
ed with its obje<St, to open a tolerable
navigation up Jackfon's riverandC«irpen-
ter's Creek, to within aj miles of How-
ard'sCreek of Green Bri.ar, both of which
Iiave then water enough to float vefTels
into the Great Kmhaway. In frime fu-
ture (Ute of population, it \k pofliule that
JACL
its navigation may alfo be maie to Intel'*
lock with that of the Patowmac ; and
through that to communicate by a fliort
portage with the Ohio.
yjmts City, a co. of Virginia, ,;o mile*
long and la broad, lying between Chick-
ahominy and James's rivers. It containi
154a free inhabitants, and a.^iS flaves.
yai/tet, a fort on the N fide of Loblollo
Bay, in the iHandof Antigua, iu the head
of which is St. John's harbour.
yjmes, a creek in Delaware, v/hich
empties iiito Delaware Bay, 11 miles be-
low Hook Idand. Dover, the feat of gov-
ernment, (lands on this creek, 5 milci
from its mouth.
James Dartmouth, Port, a fortrefs at the
confluence of Broad with Savannah river.
It was creifted under the Briiifli govern-
ment, and deligncd as a defence of a com-
mercial and political intercourfe with the
Indians.
James's, St. a town of Maryland, (ituat-
ed in Kent co. 4 miles foUthwefterly of
the town oiChefter.
James, Goofe Criei, St. a parifli in
Charlelton diftritft S. Carolina, cpntaining
9683 inhabitants ; of whom 3161 are
(laves.
James Santee, St. a parish in the above
diftritSt, containing 4940 inhabitants ; of
whom 3843 are (laves. /
JameJIotvn. See Canonicut.
Jameflovan, a po(t town, and formerly
the metropolis of Virginia, and .ounty
town of James City county. In 1777 it
had but one family. The church and
other buildings are mouldering to ruins.
It is the ftldefl town in the fettlements
formed by the Englilh in N. America. It
is lituated on a peninfula, on the N fide
of James's river, 3 a miles from Point
Comfort, at the mouth of the river in
Chefapeak Bay. It is 8 miles S S W of
William{burgh,and 68 S £ by £ of Rich-
mond. Nlat. 379.
Jatrejimvn, in Prince Edward co. Vir-
ginia, on Appomatox river, la miles
from the court houfe N E.
James, Great and Little, St. two of the
fmallcr Virgin Ifles, (ituated in the King's
Channel E of Tortula, and W of St.
Thomas, between which and them, is St.
James's palTage.
James's Town, in the idand of Barba-
docs, in the W Indies, is fituated in St.
James's parifh, on the W fide ofthc ifland.
Janeira, Rio de. See Rio de Janeria,
Jaqiiet, a river on the fonthern fide of
Clialeur Bay, called by the Indians Boo-
(omiicK,
jbown.
Jaqun
Jardin
and rock
Cuba. •]
of large a:
Jaufth
rrtns a S 1
MiiSfippi
S Of the n
N of that t
..^■'^' *
Maincj tl
J*^» gover
lies on hot
K. and ii
front an es
deuly tun
9nd pafles
inhabitant!
place was
KattikiU, ^
Kill. Thi«
of governor
Jayna, a <
the S fide
'Tlie rivers
4 leagues aj
an ettcnlive
originally an
to the colon
gold, that w;
fugar, cocoa,
tions paid <
than thofe A
JMi-tof theii
'n this tctrili
that the fani(
which the i
3600 Spanif
ing many ot
Thefcttlemei
avcntura and
formerly call
confiderable :
the people is
wafliing of go
?i"e. Ther
't 19 croffcd in
fathom* from
"lals are oblig
loaft lying b«t
JO is of rock,
fieneral from i
''te this C0Bft
each of about
«'"ds the four
i}
rAt
(hmira, it aboi't 3 leagues W of ^illi
X>o\Tii. Here is a fmali ialmoa fifliery.
yajurmel. See yacmel.
. Jardine d<l Xeyna, a va(l cluder of ifles
tnd roclu on the S fide of the ifland of
Cuba. Thefe furniih iioineafc numbcn
oflarge and fine turtle.
Jauftlaiii, a triver in Loulfi^nA which'
ri^ns a S £ courfc and empties iutu the
Miffifippi in N lat; 39 ij^ about 16 ihiles
S of the mouth of Fabiaw river, and 13
N of that of Oahaha river.
Jay, a, townfhip in Kenneheck co.
MainCi thus naiUcd in honor of Joha
Jay', goveraor of the date of N. York. It
lies on both fideSof Oreat ATuercikoggcn
IL and iocjiudes the great bead which
from an cafterly atid wefterly courfe fud-
dculy tiirna foutherly in this townfhip,
and pafTes into Livermore, and has 4.'}o
inhabitants^ The Indian name of this,
place was Rocbomttoe,
Jjy't f^<i//^,a fettlement in the town of
Kattflcill, N. York, fermerly called Jlfi'mr
Kill. This UaOie was changed io honor
of governor Jayi
Jiiyita^i canton, parifh and river oa
the S fide of the iflaod of St. Domingo.
Tlie rivers Nigua and Jayiia are aliout
4 leagues apart; and between them liest
an extenflve and fertile plain, which was
originally an abundant fource of siches.
to the colonifla. The quantity of pure
gold, that was.dttg from its cavities^ its
fugar, cpeoa, indigo, and other planta/-:
tions paid duties to a greater amount
than thofe 4i|r. paid by all the Spanifh,
partof theilHnd. put togQthc^ It was
in this territory, and on the river Jayna,
that the famous lump of gold was foundy
which the Spanifh writers fay weighed
3600 Spanifli dollars ; without mention-
ing many others of a remarkable fize.
The fettlcments Oaraboa, Guayabal, Boa*i
aventura and Cagnahola, which iaft was
formerly called the Whale, are very in>
coniiderable ; the whole employment of
the people is breeding of cattle, or, the
^afliing of gold land. Indigo grows wild
here. The river Jayna is not fordabte ;
it is crofTcd in eaooea and fkins at 250
fathoms frons> itt moutbf and the ani*
mals are obliged to fwiift acrols It. . The
c'uaft lying b^twecB Jaya««nd St. Domin-
go is of rock, ahnofl pcracndicular, in
general from 6 to tj feet kigh. Oppo-
lite this ceaft- are a ntnnber of fltoaN,
each of aboitt 40 fathoms wide. To-
wards the fource of this river were the
celebrated gold iqjnes of St. Cbtifto-
V01..I. Gg
ptier^s, ileai' which Columbus erei^d thtf
fort of thit name. Ther^ are alfo rich
filver mines on this river. The efliblifh*
ipents in the plain of St, Rnfe, and thofe
on the Jayna ought to be looked upon a«
depending on the city of St. Domingo.
I hey are reckoned to contain 2000 per.>
ions { for the mofl part people of colour,
free and flaves.
Jeitn Rabcl^ % town on the N W part of
the N peninfuia of the ifland of St. Do-
mingo, in 19 J5 N lat. and in 7542W
Ion. from Paris, It is 4 leagues £ of the
Mole, and 34 W of Cape Francois. Jean,
Rabel Point forms the anchorage of thal^
name, which is good, fafe, and eafy tO;
fetch. Yoju can anchor iq 15 fathoms.
You may go farther in as far as 8 fath-
oms ; but it is not fafe, as the water flioals
fuddcniy, and the ground is not fo clean
inilde. The Ddarcadairt, or landing
place, is a vcrv good one, even if there
fhould be a fwell ; it is under the fort,
which is exceedingly well placed, and
makes it a very good retreat from an en-
emy. The grounds hold well, and the only
winds to fear arc the N and N W.
Jfjerfon, fort, in Oliio State, is fituate^
on a fmall fkream v/hich fults into the
Great Miami ; contains about 100 men }
21 miles N of Fort St. Clair. N lat. 40 4,
yejir/on, a fort o» the E b:mk of the
Miffitippi< in Kentucky, near the line o£
the State of Tcueflee.
Jifftrfon^ a poll town of Virginia, on
the N fide of Roanoke river, 19 miles be-
low the Oeconeachey Iflands. N lat*
^6 3*-
Jeffirfan, a county of Kentucky, bounds
ed N and W by Ohio river, S by Nelfoa
county, and S £ and £ by Shelby. It
cmtaios 8395 inhabitants ; of whom 2330^
are flaves. Chief town, Louifville, at tho
Rapids of the Ohio. Drinnons Lick, in,
this county, lies on the S W fide of Kcn-
tuckyrtvcr,about 15 milesfromits mouth;
and isfeparated from the famous medic«.
inal fpring by a fmall rivulet.
J'fff'ffi' Affdtnyt is in Amelia co. Vir-
ginia.
Jeferfon, a county of Georgia, ere«Sed
in 1796 from the couiities of Burke an<i
War ren, bordering on Ogechee river, and
Briar and Big creeks. Courts and elec-
tions are held at Louifville for this coun-
ty. It has 5684 inhabitants.
Jefferfan, a town in Grafton co. N,
Hampfliire, containing in inhabitants.
Jitffhrfan, a county in Teneffee, Hamil-
ton Uiftri^, is bvuadcd N by Grc{n co.
Eby
'.'»(■
'" V:
tM
w^, ...
iWHIlffW
JER
it by N. Carolina, watered by the HoU
Aon, French, Broad and Nullachuckcy
rivers, and contains with the county of
Cocke 9017 inhabitants, of whom 695
arc Haves.
Jefferfan, a county of the'flate of Oliio^
bounded S by the Ohio, N by Lake Erie,
intluding the tradt called the CouneAi-
cut referve. Chief town, Stubenville. It
contains 8766 inhabitants.
■ J(^(ifoii, A tmvn of Pennfylvania, 9
miles from-Amity, and 7 from Scottvill&
"Jejrejs Ledge, a fand bank, on the coaft
of Maflachufetts, between Cape Ann and
Cafco Bay, extending from the N E to
the S W J 'between 4 a 40, and 43 37 3° N
kt. and between 68 ja 30, and ^9 45 W
Ion.
Jelyl Sound, iu the mouth of the river
Alatamaha, in Georgia, which will afford
fal'e riding for a dozen ibips of 40 guns.
Jeniintown^ a village where is a poft-
office, in Montgomery co. Peunfylvanja>
10 miks N of Philadelphia.
yetiu<:hjhitdcga,iin Indian villajr" in Penn*
fylvan-a, on the W bank of Alleghany
river, 14 miles S E from- the< outlet of
ChiUaughque Lake.
"Jeri-mit, a jui'ilUitfl'ion, town,- and cape,'
within- tne bite or bay of l.eogane, and
on the fouthcni penintula of the ifland of
St. liominjjo. 'ITiis is the weftornmioft ju-
rifdii^ion of the-iLland»contains 1 pariflies;
and is celebrated for the -excellency of its-
foil, buf particulariy for the culture of
toffee. It* exports from Jan. I, 1789, to
Dec. 3 1, of the fame year- were as follows r
1420 11). white fugar, 247,760 lb. brown
ittgar, 5,440,646 lb. coffee, 54.786 lb. cot-
ton, 739S lb. indigo ; and variousarticl^s*
to the value of 297 livres. Th6 exporta-
tion duty on thefe prodmflions amountcdi
to 13,328 dollars 6 cents The town,
ftands on the W iide of the bay and at the
mouth 01' a 1)1 ooks a le.igue S.byW of
Point Jcremie, 11 due N of Port a Piment
On the S Iide of the penlnfula, and nearly
8 leagues E 'of Cape Dame Marie. Point
Jeremie lies i» N lat. 18 4a 30, W Ion.
irom Paris 76 32.
' yer<^miifquam, an illand in Lincoln co.
Al'aiiie, which, with Folly Illand, form the
mouth of Shecplcott river in WifcafTet Bay.
Jerico, a poft town in Chittenden co.
Vermont, lies S E of EiTex, and N E of
Willifton, and feparated frwn the latter
kv Onion river, and .has 72? inhabkants.
' Jerico, a poft town of N. York, in Cheji-
engo CO. on the F. branch of Sui,'i«elij||^j^,
jiud hai i,^^.inliAbitrjtt«, ^. r ,
^cram. Fort St. a fort on the S fide (A
the ifland of St. Domingo, on the fca fidij^
and near the rdad from the city of St.
Domingo, and in the canton of Jayiia.
It is m more than a fortified redoubt ia
mafon y ; but it is conftructed with art.
Jeij V FUU, a fcttlement in Norway
toymfi n, irv Herkemec co. N. York, om
Canad creek.
Jer. Urn, a poft town in Ontario co. N.
York, r'^vfl compadk part of it forms a
handfoi z toWp, on the W fidcof Seneca
Lake, a 1 contains about 50 families, the
foilowci of Jemima Wilkiikbn. It ha*
i»i9. inhabitants. It is3omiles N E by
Nof Bath, aiidi6 S S W of Geneva.
yeriifulemt or Funtt Toivn, a town of
Maryland, Wafliington co. on Antietam
creek, about i\ miles S W of Elizabeth
Town. It contains about < 50 dwellings,
and a German church.
Jcruf.iUia, a poft town, Southampton co,
Virginia, 210 miles from Wafliington.
Jgru/alem, QU. See Fallen City.
"Jeriiyti, a motmtain- Atuated in thft
valley of Urecho, in Mexico- or Nc\»
Spain, is- a great curioHty. Before the
year 1760, there was nothiagof it bur
a' fmall hilH where there was a fugar
plantation.' But on the -zpth of Scptem-
berj 1760, it biirft with furious fhocks,
and entirely ruined the fugar work»
and the neighbouring village of Cuaca-
na ; and from that time has continued
to emit fire and burning rocks, which
have formed themfeives into 3 high
mountains, whofe circufltffrence wai
nearly 6 miles in 1766. "Rie allies at
the eruption wera forced to the dillaiice
of I JO mitts. In the city of'Valadolid;
60 miles diftant,' it rained alhes in furh
abundance, that they wore - bliged to
fweep the yard& of their houfes two or
three time» during the day.
■ y-Jfam'me, a county of Rentttcky, con*
taining 5438 inhabitants, of whom 1553
areilaves. Chief town Nicholafville, nam-
ed after Col. Nicholas, aneminent lawyerj
and intelligent ftatefman.
Jifu$, Ijlfde, afoiall ifland lying 8dc
grces due N of 'he New Hebrides Ifland,
and 1450 league? W of the ooaft' of Pern,
in S lat. 6 50, £- Ion. frtmi Paris' i6j, dit>
covered bjr M«nda|K, ^n.'iotlt, 1567, in-
habited by a copper coiobred and mulattt!
race of men., a ,.».■>
yehn, Ji,>yiii'eff>at. a l»ttlletr«tk whith
furhilhes a very cafy communication from
New Orleans to W. Florida. It is naviga-
ble for velliab drawinfi aboit 4 feet water 1
I a •-> 6 aiilti
■6 mHes \ip frcun the lake Pondiartrain,
.4vhere there is a landing place, at which
Tcflels load and unload ; this is about a
,inileti from the town. The entrance of
•the Bayouk of St. John is defended by a
b-ittery of j or 6 cannon. Thcrf i fome
plantations on the Bayouk, and on the
road from thence to New Orleans, \vhich
fee.
yohn de Fnntiira, St, w the chief town
of the province of Cuyo in Peru.
John's JJlandty in S. Caroluia, lies S W of
^harledon harbour, divided from James'
Ifland by Stono river, which forms a con-
•venient and fafe harltour.
Jobn't JJIand, in ^the bay of Quin te, U.
Canada, oppofite the Mohawk iettlemeot
W of Richmond. Smyth,
Johns College, ,Sl, In Maryland, in the
eky of Annapolis, was inflitutcd in 1784,
to have 34 trudees, with power to keep
up the fuccefCon by fupplying vacancies,
and to receive an annual income of j^pooo.
It has a permanent fund of £1750 a vear
out of the moneys ariling from marriage,
•licenfcs, fines and forfeitures on the Wdik-
ern Shore. This college, with Wafliing-
ton college at Cheftertown, confUtute one
univeriity, named "The Univerfity of
Maryland." The convocation of the U-
niverfity of Maryland, who are to frame
the laws, prefervc uniformity of manners
and literature in the colleges, confer the
higher degrees, determine appeals, &c.
John's, St. one , of the chief towns of
Newfoundland ifland, fituated on the £
waft. Nlat.47 3a,Wlon.5a ai. It lies
on the bay of the fame name. Its har-
bour is one of the beft in the ifland, and
has from 10 to 17 fathoms water up to
King's wharf, which is a little to the N W
•f the Old Fort, at the bottom of the town,
and is a mile fro^ tlie mouth of the har-
honr. A mile further is the mouth of
Caftor river, in which diftance there h
from 14 to 4 fathoms of water. On the S
Me of this river im King's wharf, an hof-
l>ital, and a watering place. Near thel'e
are the hills called the High Lands of St.
John's. N lat. 47 32, W Ion. ja 29,
Johns, St, a bay and ifland>on the W
coaftof Newfoimdiand, in the gulf of St.
lawrence, at the S W end of the ftraits of
Bi-tlifle.
Jo.'n's River, St, in E. Florida, rifcs in or
Jicar a large fvvamp in the heart of E. Flor-
jJa, and purfues a northern courfe, in a
Broad navigable dream, which in feveral
places fpreads into broad bays or lakes ; •
^ wJiich Lake Oeqrge i« the chief. Vef-
JOII
fels that draw 9 or lo feet water, may nav-
igate fafely through the W channel int(»
St. John's river as far as Lake Cieorgc,
which fee. The bar at the mouth is lia-
ble to fliift It is 10^ leagues N of St. Au-
guftinc-
Johns River, Little St. in W. Florida, falls
into Apalache Kay, about to milos c;(ft-
ward of Apalache river. It is faid to be
the clearcft and pureft of ;iiiy in America,
is about 200 yards broad, imkI about 15 or
20 feetdeep at the town cri'alahafochcte.
The fwanip called Onaqiijijjhenogaw is
faid to be its fource, which is 100 miles
by land from Talahafochete, and, follow-
ing its windings, from the fea 200 miles.
1'he Indians and traders fay it has no
branches, <:r tributaries, which fall into
it ; but that it is fed by great fprings
which break out thro«!gh the banks.
Jchns, Si. is the largfil river in the Brk-
ifl» province of New Brunfwick. From
its mouth on the N fide of the bay of Fun-
dy, to its main fource is computed to ho
3 JO miles. The tide flows Ro or 90 milos
up this river. It is navigable for f)o(>[«
^of JO tons 60 milcs,.'ind for boats 200. Its
general courfe fnom its fourre is E S E.
It furniflies the greatcft plenty of faliron,
bafs, and fturgecm ; and is the ccmni(.h .
rout to Quebec. About a mile above the
city of St. John's is the only entrance Into
this river. It is about 80 or too yards
wide, and about 400 yards in length ;
called the falls of the river. It being
narrow, and a ridge of rocks running
acrofs the bottom of the channel, on which
are not above 17 feet of water, it is not
Sufficiently fpacious todifcharge the frelli
waters of the river above. Ihe commc i\
tides flowing hereabout 20 feet, the wa-
ters of the river, at h>w water, are about
■12 feet higher than the waters of the feai;
.at high water, the waters of the fca are
about 5 feet higher thmi thofe of the rivr
er ; fo that in every tide there are 2 falb,
one outwards and one inwards. The on-
ly time of paflTing with fafety is at the
time when the waters-of the river are level
with the waters of the fea, which is twice
in a tide, and continues not more than
ao minutes each time. At other times it
is either impaflable or extremely danger-
ous ; refombling tlw paflagc of Hell Gate
near N. York. The bankn of this river,
enriched by the anrual freflicts, are ex-
cellent land. Abc.r 30 miles from its
mouth commences a fine level country of
rich intervale and meadew IniulH, well
clothed with timbsr and wood, fuch a#
I w
^
JOH
JOH
I*
ttine, beech, elm, maple, and walnut. It
has many tributary ftreams, which fall
into it oil each fide, among which ;ire the
Oromoifko rirer, by which the Indians
have a communication with P.iflamaquod-
dy ; the Nitliwach and Madamkifwick,
on which are rich intervales that produce
all kinds of grain in the higheft perfec-
tion. This noble river, in its ntmierous
and exteniive branches, waters and en-
riches a l.''.rgc tradt of excellent country,
a great part of which is fettled and under
improvement. The uplands, in general,
are covered with a fine growth of timber,
fuch as pine and fprucc, hemlock and hard
wood, principally beech, birch, maple,
and fome afh. The pines on this river
are the largeft to be met with in Britifli
America, and afford a confiderable fupply
of mails, fome from 20 to 30 inches in di-
ameter, for the Britifli navy.
Johns, St. one of the Virgin iflands,
about I a leagues E of Porto Rjco. It is
about 5 miies long and i broad ; and a
leagues S of St. Thomas. It is the bed
watered of all the Virgin Iflea ; and its
harbour, called Crawl Bay, is reckoned
better than that of t. Thomas, and pafles
for the beft to the leeward of Antigua.
There is, however, little good land in the
idand, and its exportations are trifling.
Jolin't, St. an idand in the gulf of St.
liawrence, near the northern coaft of No-
va Scotia, to which government it is an-
nexed. It is 117 miles in length from N
E to S W. The medium breadth is ao
miles; but between Richmond Bay on
the N, and Halifax Bay on the S, it is not
above ^ miles broad. The other bays on
the N fide arc London Harbour, Grand
Raftied, and St Peters ; thofe on the S
fide, Egmont, Halifax, and Hilllborongh.
On the E fide. Three River Hnrbour,
and Mm ray Hat hour. It has fdveral fine
yivers, a rich foil, and is pleafantly fituat-
cd. Its capital is Charlotte Town, the
jrefidence of ihc lieutenant governor, who
is the t-hiefofiicer on the illand. The
number of inimhitanu is about 5000.
Upon the rediT'J>ioii of Cape Breton in
174.^, the inhabitants ciuietly lubmitted
to the Britilh arms. While the French
poffeiTeJ this ifland, they improved it to
fo much advantage, .is that it was' called
the irranarv of Canada, which it furnilhed
with great plenty of corn, as well as beef
and pork. VVh-'n taken, it had io,ooA
}ie:ul of hlacV cattle upon it, and feveral
of the farmers' raifod u.ooo bufhels of
torn aani^ly. Its rivcrti abound with
faTmon, trout, and eeU, and the fdrr<mn(f .
ing fca affords plenty of Hurgeon, plaice,
and mod kinds of fhell fifh. The illand
is divided into 3 counties, viz. King'*,
Queen's, and Prince's counties ; which are
fubdivided into i4puriihes, confiding of
Z7 townfhipsjwhichinall make 1,363,400
acrv, the contents of the idand. I'he
chief towns, befide the capital,are George-
town, Prince's Town ; befide which ate
Hilllborough Town, PownalTown, Ma-
ryborough Town, &c. It lies between
I 45 46, and 47 10 N lat. and between 44
»», and 46 3a Wlon.
Jo/jHs St. the N wcfternmoft town id
SuiFcx CO. Delaware, js at the head oftiie
middle branch of Nanticoke river, ahnut
27 miles N £ of Vienna in Maryland, and
ai S by W of Dover.
John's, St. a town and fort in L. Cana-
da, on the W bank of Sorel river, at tlic
N end of lake Champ!ain,»8 miles louth-
ward of Montreal. It has been cftublifli-.
ed as the fole port of entry and clearance
for all goods imported from the interior
of the United States into Ctitiada, by an
ordinance ptibliflied by the executive
council of L. Canada, the 7th of July,
1 796. It was taken by Genetal Mohtgnm-
cry in Nov. 1775. N lat. 45 9, W Ion.
7* 18.
y aba's, St. a lake in L. Caiidda, which
receives rivern from every dircdtion, and
fends its waters through Saguenai river
into the St. Lawrence, at Tadoufae. It is
about is miles each way.
Join's Bcriley, Stt a parifh of S. Caroli-
na, in Charleftondidridb, Containing 7193
inhabitants ; of whom 6479 att Haves.
John's, St. a fmall iftehd in the W. In-
dies belonging to Denmark, N of St. Croix,
i and S of Tortola, to which laft it is very
! near. It is noted only for its fihe har-
bour, which is faid to be fulticicnt to con-
tain in fafety the whole Britifli navy. It
has a nnmber of fait ponds, which, how-
ever, are no evidence of its fertility.
John's Colleton, St. a parifll of S. Caroli-
na, in Charlcfton diftridt, containing 6689
inhal/itants; of whom 6031 are flaves.
Johri'si St. the Capital of the ifland of
Antigua in the W* Indies. It is a re^^u-
lai'ly built town, with a harbour of the
fame name, fituated on the W fliore, ard
on the N E fide of Loblollo Bay. Tlic
entrance of the harbour is defendi;il I'V
Fort Janies. This toWn is the refidcncc
of the governor general of the leeward
Charaibe Ifiands, and whtre the alTfiU'
bly is held, and the port where the great-
eft
e forrontii!-
;eon, plaicf,
The illand
VIE. King's,
r ; which are
•onfifling of
te 1 ,363,400
fland. The
,are George-
e which aie
Thwii, Ma-
tes between
between 44
loft town i(\
2 head of the
river, about
at-yland, and
in L. Cana-
river, at the
I miles Ibiiih-
cell eftablifli-
ind clearance
i the interior
tnada, by an
ic executivt
7th of July,
al Mohfgom-
t5 9, W Ion.
andda, whicii
liredtion, and
aguenai river
doufae. It is
1^ 6. Carol!-
Msttning7i93
} are Haves,
in the W. In-
N of St. Croix,
laft it is very
Its fine har-
Ticicnt to con-
itifli navy. It
, which, how-
fertility,
h of S. Carol!-
>ntaining6689
I are (laves
f the iflandof
It is a re-u
arbour of the
! W fhore, and
lo Bay. The
defemh^l liy
the rcfldcncc
the Iccwari
:re the afl*fm
icre the great
eft
ftft trndc is carried on. It^as fo flour-
ilhing as to receive a lofs by a llurm, to
the value of £400,000 (lerling. N lat. 1 7
4, W loa. 6 J 4.
yohn, St.ur yuande Par to Rico, the cap-
ital of the iRand of Porto Rico, in the W.
Indies.
Jobujluiry, St. a townfliip in Caledonia
coj Vermont, bounded S \V by Danville,
artd has 6^3 inhabitants.
Ja/jn/i/n /■'a;/, in S. Carolina, lies on the
N E fide of James's Iflknd, and S of the
eity of Charlefton. it fiands at the en-
trance of the harbour, and l>y which no
Veflel can pifs unlefs the niafter or mate
make oath that no malignant diflempcr is
on board. A guard is kept htrc.
Jobnjon Fort, in N. Carolina, (lands on
the W bank of Cape Fear river, oppofite
to the ifland on the feacoaft whofe louth-
ern point is Cape Fear.
yobnfiiijharoiigh, a port town of N. Jer-
fey, 10 miles from SulFcx court honle.
y'jhnfons Landing Place, is on Oyong-
Vrongych Creek, about 4 miles eattwanl
of Fort Niagara.
yohnfott,^. county Of il. Carolina, N^ew-
lurn diftria, bounded S E by Glal'gow, ^I
by Franklin and Wayne counties, and S
by Sampfon. It contains 620^ inhabit-
ants, of whom 1763 arc Haves. It is 30
miles £quare, watered by the Neufe, Little
•river and other ftircams. The grcatcft
part of the county is level, and corn is
the principal produce. Chief town,
Smith field.
y»bnJ}ini)H, a port town and the capital
of Montgomery county, N. York, on the
N ^nk of Mohuwk river, 34 miles W of
ScMJBOftiStady. . Thie compact part of the
town -is a little back from the fiver, and
contains about 70 houi'<i;s, a Prefbyterian
Hud an Epifcopal chiilrch, a court houfe
and gaol. In the townfliip are 3^32 in-
habitants. Caghnawaga is a (larilh or
diftriifl of Johnftown »6 miles above Schc-
tieftady on the river. Settlements have
been made here for about 80 years. Here
ftand the dwelling hOul'e, barnt and out-
houfes (all of ftonc) formerly occupied
by Sir William Johnl'un. This fetHement
was mofHy dtttroycd by the Biicilli in
the year 1 7 80, who Wei'e joined by .1 party
of Indians and oth<!rs, under the com-
mand of Sir John Johnfon. In this ac-
tion it is aflferted, that Sir John evinced
a want of feeling which wotild have dif-
naced a favage. The people deftroyed
III this expedition were his old neigh-
bours, with whom Iteiiad formerly lived
TOP
in the habln nf friendfliip. Hts eftr^tc
was among thtm ; and the inliabitaiu*
had always eonltdcnd liiin .is tlitir triciid.
Thele unfortunate people, aiier feeing
their houi'es and property conlumed,
were huriied, fuch as could walk, into
cruel captivity ; tiiofc who couid not, tell
victims to chc tomahawk and Jcalpiiig
knife.
yohnfloivn, in the townfliip of Edwardf-
burgh, IJ. Canada, is lituatcd upoh the
river St. Iiawrencc above the tippccniod
rapids, in afcendingto iakcOniaiiu- Front
this town vcflcls may be navigated with
I'alcty to QutenQown.and at the ports of
lake Ontario. The French had a garrlfon
in front of this town, the ruins of which
are (lill vilible. HmyiL.
yoLnfown, Netv, in the towniliip of
Cornwall, U. Canada, is fituated upon
the river St. Lawrence, below the lonp
Sault, to the northward of Grand Iflc
St. Regis ; and is now called Cornwall.
Sm\tb.
yobnjion, a townfhip in Providence cfl.
Rhode 1. W of the town of Providence,
liaving 1364 inhabitants.
yoLnJlon, a townfhip in Franklin cd.
Vermont, has 135 inhabitants.
ydy, a port on the S coad of Nova
Scotia.
yonat't Sound, the moft northern Inlet
on the weftern coaftof Sir Thomas Smith's
Bay, lying near the ar(5tie circle, in lat.
76.
yonety a county of N, Carolina, in New-
bern diflriot, bounded N by Craven. It
ccAitains 4341 free inhabitants, and 1899
flaves. It is well watered by Trent river,
and its tributary ftreams. Chief town,
Trenton.
ybmjbnrongb, a poft town, and chief
town of Walhifigton diftritft in Teneflee,
is the feat of the diftridl and county-
courts. It is 26 miles from Greenville,
101 fron> Knoxville, 40 from Abingdoa
in Virginia, and 627 from Philadelphia.
yotie/baroughftht chief andpoA town of
Camden co. lidenton diftridt, N. Carolina.
it contains a court houfe end a few
dwelbng houlcs.
yene's Ford, on Brandywine creek, is 5
Or 6 miles above Chad's Ford, in Pcnn-
fylvania.
yonet TfuiH, in Pennfylvania. Sec
Williatnjhvrg.
yones. Cape. See Leohtit Cape.
yoppa, a fmall town in Harford co.
Maryland, ab miles E by N of Baltimore,
and S;» S W of Pititaclelpliia.
yordms
I !t'
los
lUA.
• yvritms Wwr, pafles through TrCTitoo,
«n the diftrtdt of Maine, 8 iniict from
Uiiiua river.
Jorcy a village and mountain in the
Cherokee country. The mountain is
•fiiid to be the highcft in the Cherokee
country, and through which the Teucf-
4ee river force* its water*. I'ite Indian
Tillage, called Jorc, is fituatcd in a bcau-
•trfBl lawn, many thuufand feet higher
than the adjacent country. Here is a ^
little grove of the Cafioe Yapun, called
•hy the Indians the beloved tree. They
arc very careful to fcetp this tree pruned
and cultivated, and drink very Hrong in-
fuiicn of the leaves, buds, and tender
branches of this plant. It is vencra^d by
tlie Creeks, and all the fouthcrn maritime
nations of Indians.
Jofipb, Lake St. in N. America, lies £
of Lake Sal, and fends it^ waters by Cat
liakc river into Cat Lake^ and afterward*
forms the S E branch of Severn river.
The lake is 35 miles long and ij broad.
Ofnaburg Houfe is on the N £ part of
the lake ; avhich Cec.
yofeph, Ilet a Pierre, a village on the
wenernmoft co^ft of the iHand of St. Do-
mingo ; about 3 leagues N W of the vii-
Jage of Tiburon^ ^
Jo/efi, St. an ifland in ihc Straits of
Marie, which, convey the waters of Supe-
rior into Lake Huron. Here is a garri-
fon of Britifh troops. It is the moft weA-
«rn poft they hold in that country.
Jtfefb^s, St. in the province af Califor-
•ia, in Mexico. M lat. i% 3.
Jofipb'M Bay, St. on the coaft of W.
Florida, is of the figure of ■ horreflioe,
Iteing nbout x% miles in length, and 7
acrofs where broadefl. The bar is nar-
row, aod immediately within it there is
from 4 to 6^ fathoms foft ground. The
beft place to anchor, is juft within the
j>eninfula, oppoiite to fome ruins that ftill
remain of the village of St. Jofeph. The
peninfula between St. Jofeph's and Cape
Blaize is a narrow flip of land, in fome
£ laces not above a quarter of a mile
road. A very good eftabi i fliment might
be made here for a fifliervj as the fettlers
might make fait on the i'pot to cure the
J>afs, rock, ,cod, grouper, red mullet,
&c. which are here in abundance.
^offphy St. a river which runs N W in-
to tlie S E part of I,ake Michigan. It
fprings from a number of fmall lakes a
little to the N W of the Miami village.
It is rapid and full of fmall ifljnds. The
^..{wtcwatamie ludiaas refidc on thit riv-
er, oppofiic Fort St. Jofcpli. Tliey cat
raife aoo warriors. At or near the con-
fluence of the rivers St. Mary's and tit.
Jufcph's, where Fort Wayne now ftands,
the Indians have ceded to the United
States a track of 6 mite* fquare.
J'>ftl>h, Fort St. is Htuatcd on the caft-
rrn tide of the above riverin N lat. 41 14,
W Ion. 86 IQ. h is about 1 7J mites S W
by Wuf I^etroii, to which, plai:e there is
a (Iraight road.
y«ftph, St. a port on the W fide of the
ifland of Trinidad, near thecoad of Ter-
ra Firma.
J'fipb, St. a fmall town and port on the
W point of the N peniufula of the iilaud
of Trinidad, in the W. Indies.
yo/i:j>i, St. a bay on the W fide of the
iflaud of Trinidud, defended by a fmaU
battery. It has a few houi'es on it, and
lies S £ of Port of Spain, the capital of
the ifland. J^{car it is a mountain having
mineral pitch.
Juan, St. the capital of California in
N. America. 14 lat. a6 ts, W loa.
114 9-
yuan, Fort St. ftands in the province of
New Leon, in N. America, on the S W
fide of the Rio firavo, in the a9th degree
of N latitude and loift of W longitude.
yuan 9e la Frontera, St. a town of Chili
in £1. America. In its neighbourhood arc
gold mines. S lat. 33 »j, W Ion. 68 55.
yuan tie Forte JSieo. See Porta Rito.
yuan de Futa, Entrance of. See ^uca.
yuan Fernandei, an illand in the SoKtk
Pacific oce^n, 38 league* eaftward of the
ifland of Maflafuero, and 390 W of the
continent. S lat. 33 32, W Ion 79 50
from Greenwich. It is fuppofed tojkave
been inhabited by a Spaniard, vhofe
name it retains ; although it was . long
abandoned by him and his nation ; but
is more remarkable for having been the
refidence of Alexander Selkirk, a Scotch-
man, whofe life and adventures furniflied
De Foe with the ground work of that
admirable novel Rebinfon Crufoe. l'h«
harbour lies in Cumberland Bay, on the
N fide of the ifland. Since the fhip Co-
lumbia was there, no foreigners are al-
lowed to anchor in the road. Majfa Fvc
to Ifland lies 22 leagues W by S of this
ifland. Juan Femandes, which is repre-
fented as an earthly paradife, furnilhed
refreOiment to Lord Anfon's fquadron
in his voyage round the world. Its great-
ed lengtn is 5 leagues : its breadth lefs
than two. On the S W is a fmall tfle
called Gtet IJlani, and a rock called Mon-
KAA
Mtj- Kfy, almoft contiguous to it. On the
M fide are tiirce b^iys ; but the middle-
moft called Cumberland Bay, where
Commodore Aufon aachorcd with hi*
Ihipt, if) the bed. Thefe bays, and the
whole coafl; abound with great variety of
iifli in abundance. Admiral Anfon fow-
•d here a great variety of vegetables, and
planted plum, apricot and ix;ach ftoncsj
which the Spanj<trds lay are now thiiv*
uxg trees.
Jucataa. 9ce YuaataH.
yuJUb, J^o!/it,tht Seaftcmmoit point
•fRhode I (land State, fituat^don the i'ca-
coaft of Wailiington county, iu South'
Kingllon towniliip.
JuJofa Bay, in Louiliana, lies in the N'
IV corner of the gulf of Mexico. A
ohain of iflands form a communicdtioa
between it S wcftward to St. BtrnardV
Bay.
"JmUsih, St. a harbour on the eoad of
I'atagouia, in i>. America, where Hiips
bound to the Pacific ocean ufually touch
lor refrefliment. S hx, 4& 51, W lon>
JulUnnt. See Neybe.
jfuli^t, Mount, in N. America, lies on'
the N fide of Illinois river, oppofite the
place where that river is fonned by the
iuniftion of Theak!lct and Plcin river*;
The middle of Mount Juliet is in N Iat»^
4»^5.Wlon.88 44.
■ yumfhg Point. See Navefiidt HarbouK
' 5^/tfM, a military townibip in Onon-
dlagk CO. N. York,«t. the Nend of Cayug»
iiiake;
Junius Creek, a northern branch of the
Little Kanhavray, which interlocks with
tile weftern waters of "Monongahela
•iver ; and which may one day admit a
ihortcr paflage from the latter into the
Ohio. See ■Little Xaubiway.
lAir
n
•Jf ■: 'i-,-rs .j>'.' ■-■■<■ •■'.< •
Jx. AATs Bam, in N. York |ftatc^ic* oa
the W bank of Hudfon river, 7 miles S
fronrKaats' KiU.and 11 M>£by Nfront
Bfnptis.
KaMi Kill,OT Catjtill, a Ijnall village of
50 or 40 houfes and (tores, iiv Green co.
». York, on the W tide of Hudfon's river,
about too roods from its bank ; 5 miles S
of Hndfon city, and inj N of N. York,
it has the appearanceof a thriving place,
apd'it is in contemplation to creel build-
ingt on a marfliy point, on the margin of
the river, for the advantage of deeper
Vi^i the cicck «n wJii(;b U^e Aorcs
BOW fland being too fballo w. The towii»<
Hiip of this name contains 2408 inhabit-'
ant*. See CatfiiU.
Kaati' KUl, a creek on which ftand* the*
above town;
KatUt' Kill MtuiUMMt, in the vicinity of
the above town, on the W bank of Hud-
fon river, which make a majcftic appear-t
aiice. Thefe are the firft part ti the
chain of mountain* called ihc Alleghany^
or Appalachian mountains.
JCtibnoMto»l»bale, the principal village of
the Oucida Indians, in which is Oneida-
Cafllr, about zc- miles S of W from
Whiteftown, and i% W of Paris. There
id but one framed houfe in tSus village.
Their habitation* are but a fmalt iiu-'
provement upon the ancient tvigv>am$i
and are thinly fcattcred throughout aa
enclofure of levei'al miles in circumfer-
ence ; withinwhich^they keep their cat-
tle, horfes, and fwine, and without plant
their corn and fow their grain.
Xaioiia, A- poft town, and chief town
id St. Clair exu Indiana Territory, coi>-
t«iaiug 719 inhabitants.' It is 65 mile*
TH of Ka&afleias, on the foutheru fide of
Small river, i mile from it* mouth. A-'
bout the year 17 74,. this village contain-
ed jO houfes, fome of them- well built,
and jco inhabitants, with 80 negroe«t
and large ftucks of cattle, twinei &c.«
Huttbim*.
Kamfchatia Sea, lies between the con- -
tincnts of Afia and America. In 66 N
lat. they are fcparated by a (Irait only 18'
mile* wide. Captain Cook, in hit la(t
voyage, ha* elkbliflied the certainty of
this near approximation of thcoontineats,
beyond adoubt ; and that' the inliabit-
ant* of xach continent arc fimilar, and
£re4)uently pals and rcpab in canoe* from'
one continent to the other. From thefe
and other circumftances it i* rendered
highly probable that the N W part of
America was lirn peopled frun> the N £
parts of Alia. The Efquimaus Indians
being manifeftly a fcparate fpecie* uf
men, and bearing a near refcmhLuice tO'
the northern European*; it is believed,
that they- emigrated from the N W parts
of £urope.
Kanba-wa, a Urge niountainoHS county*'
on the weftern line of V^irginia, having
the Ohio rivtir on the N W, and Ken-
tucky W. The population of this coun-
ty is 30C8 free inhabitants, and »ji flave*..
About 7 miles from the mouth of £lie
river in this' county, is a burning fpriog.
Capacious x-nougU to ^Id 40 galloin*. A
bituminoitt
m
*
MttiiMinoUi vapoii^ eonllatitly in\ic» from
ic, wliich agitating the I'itad aruuocl it.
p\'e» it the appcar;iilcc ofa builiiigrpriug.
(>ti prefciitihg a turch withiu i8 or ao
inches of the moutli, it flamct Up in a
culuma, 4 or 5 feet in height, aod about
3 8 iiiclu:* di«iinetcr, aod which fppic*
iimc*. burnt 20 mtuutes, and at other
timcK haA continued ,) d:iy«; At the cpuit
linnfc ia a pod oifice, 406 mile* from
SVafljington.
Kpidiatvay, Great, a rl v^ of Virginia*, of
ffOiifiderable note ^ . * the fertility of its
laudtt and. {Ullmi re . , leading tovrards
the head waters of Jomet'i R. But it is
doughtful Tvhctlier its great and name*
rout rapids will admit a navigation, but
:;t an cxpuiife to which it will require age*
to render its inhalutants equaU Uhe
jrreatobAacIdt brgin at >i»hat ace called the
<4re9C Fallst 90 inile& above the niioittb«
belovy which are only 5 or 6 rapids, and
thefe palTable With tome difficulty even.
at low water. Fron»the fails td the moiUh
'of Green Briar is looiailes It is aSai
yards wide it its mouth. ITi* head wvi»
ter».of this river are in tlte weflleiiki fart
of N. Caiiolina, inthe mod caderiy ridg<
nf tbe Alleghany or Appalachian motio*
taiiis, ^rtd S ofthe .{6th degree of latitude.
Its head t)mn«he« endrcle thofe of tlie
HoIfteiH' from which they- are fJepamtcd
hy the Irdik Mountain, through which it
pafles zo mj^es above the lead nu'm^s.
About 60 mUes Arom Little B.. it riiceiv«»,
Green Briar R. from the E, wliicl| is ^tliei
only confMlcrable tributary ilream inall
that diftaocc About 4aniiles bftlow tb»
mouth of Green Briar R. in Vitginia, in-
tho^Kanha^ay, is a remarkable catara«Sb
A 4arg0 nKtk, a little elevated in the mid^
die, croiFes tbe bed o|f the river, over whick
tbe water Jhoots, and fslb about.ja feet
perpendicularly, elccpt at one fid^ wiiisre
tlie deiceat' is more gradual. The great
ICanhaway is 196 miles below PittAurg,
and is naWigatide moft of the year; and a
waggon road may be made through the
mountain, which occaiionsthe fii.il»,andby
a, pottage of a few miles only, a communi-
catioi) aiay be had between the waters of
Great Kanhaway and Ohio^ andthofe of
JameB^S'IU'fai -Virginia. Down this river
jjreat quantities* of gond* are conveyed up
tlie Kentucky river, others en horibback
otr in tKaggbbs to the fettidd p«rt, and
ibldoB'Otf slverage, at 100 percent. ad-
Tanco. ' Sat Sulpbur Spring.
jf<>)|l.^t«iiy;'£teA', ii ftiiallnavi|i()iblc river
o£^ Vif||^>» Whkb is ifi yards wide at
Itn mouth, «nd is navigable 10 milct enl^
Perhaps its northerly branch, called Juj)i<
IIS Creek, which interlocks with the weft-
orn waters of- JMuuongahcla, may ou«
day admit a fliorter pail»ga from the lat>
ter iiito the Ohio.
Kao, one of the Friendly (Hands, having
A conical, lofty elevation. It is lefs than
X miles in diameter.
KapfM, a tribe of' Illinois Indians, ]»
Louiflana > they Ite a little above . the
Suih4(uis. This nation, was forme|rly
very numerous before the difcovery of
the Mifliiippi. The country they in^
lubit baa good;pafturage.
Kapbat Old Fort, in l.ouiCa^a, flands>oa
the Miffifippi, at the mouth of the river
Sl Francis* It was built by the French
principally for a magaaine of (lores and
provifions, during the wars with the
Chickafaws ; by whom their Illinois con'
toys were conftantly attacked and fre^
quently deftroyed.
Karatunk, otyCartttutA, ft {iiaiitetiOB ill
kcnnebeckco. Maine, coi^ftingof 136
inhabitants. It is on Kennebeck rivciv 14
inile« N of Bror' field. ■ •>
KaJk,iJkiaT k poU towit, and the chief of
Randolph co. on th« S W bank of the
river of the. fame name, a water of the
Mimiippi, in the Indiana Territory^ op'
polite. Old Fort, and la miles from the
mouth of the river, but not^ half that
diftance from th* Miffifippi It cpntMlns
about. 100 faMtAis, many o^ them well
h^ilt; iinreral of fione, «(itb gardeMe, and
large lots adjoining. Itnowcontain8467^<
haliitants, 47 jve ikivea< .The former htve
large ftoeke of- lilaek catde, fwine^- &c.
Kajk^mt, ■va indian nation near the
river of tb^r name in the Indiana Terri«
tory. They could furniih ajo warriors
in 1 774. Three nsUw-northetly of.KaihaC'
Idas is a village of Illinois Indians, of the
Ka(ka£kias tribe,conikining,in i774,about
aio perfom, ,atid 60 warriors. Th^
were iformerTy fa^ave and warlike, but
are now degenerated and debaiiched.
At the late p> ace, the United States
granted them a fum of money in hand,
andbecame^undtopaythem joodoOars
a y«ar for ettr. In Aifguft 1 803, Gov. Har-
ri&il conolndid a treaty with the Kafkaf-
kia Indians, by Wtuch they cede to the
United atates in full right, the immenfi;
tradt of country^' extending; from the
mouth Of Illinois river to the mouth of
the Ohio ; from thence to the moatk of
the Saline Creek, below the Wabafh;
theace bounded I v the high lands-, dipd^
ii>S
-RAT
lug ih« WJitfrs Mrliich run into tjic Wa«
ba(h from thole which run into the Saline
C'rvck; tlieace by the liigliUncU divitU
ing tite waters wiiich run into the Wa-
hal1i,trom thoic which run into the MilTi-
tippi, until it reaches to tlie river Kaf>
kaOcia ; thence, hy the high lands whicli
divide the waters which fall into the
Kalkalkia river, from thofe whicli fall
into the river Illinois, and from thence
in a direiS): courfe to tbeinauth of the Illi-
nois again, fuppofvd to contain from ten
to twelve millions of acres. 'The whole
wa-^ ceded iu condderation of the annual
addition of 500 dollars, to a like I'um,
which by the treaty pf Greenville, the
Kaflcalkia Tribe receives every year from
the United States, together with, the rc-
fervation uf i.$8o acres near the village of
Kaflcalkia, for cultivation and domeftic
purpofes.
Ka/ia/iiat,a. river of the N. W. Territory
which is navigable for boats 130 miles.
Its courfe is S S W, and near its mouth it
turns to the S S E and falls into the Mifli-
fippi river, 84 miles from the Illinois. It
runs through a rich country, abounding
in extenfive natural meadows, and uum-
berlels herds of buiFaloe, d^er, &c. High
grounds lie along the E fide of the river,
the banks beii^ compofed of luneftone
an ' freeftone, and are from icx) to ijo
feet high, divided in many placss by deep
.cavities, through whi(;h many fmall rivu-
lets pafs before they fall into the Mrfli-
iippi. The tides of thefe hills, fronting
the river, are in many places perpendicu-
lar, and appear like folid pieces of ma-
lonry, of various colours, figures, and fixes.
KiT/iiiJiuni, a town of the Dclawares,
between Great Beaver creek and Allegha-
ny river, in Pennfyivania. Here the
Moravian miflionaries had a lettlcn;ent.
It is 40 miles Nof Pittfburg.
Kajkinompa, a fmall river which rune
Wiuto the MiiHrippi from Teneliee, in
N lat. 36 18. On the N fide of its
mouth is an iron mine. See Reelfoot.
Kateiv Kill, a foiiMiern branch of KaatV
Kill, in N. York, its mouth is z miles W
of Hudfon river,
Kathtippacawtinci, an Indian village on
tiic N fide of Wabafla river, at the mouth
ut Rippacatioe creek, and about 20 miles
above the Lower Weau towns. In 1 791,
before its deflruiStion by Generals Scott
and "Wilkinfon, it contained lao huufes,
80 o!' which were flu'ngle rooted. The
befi iioufes belonged to the French traders.
The gardens and improvements round
Vw.l. jtjh
KEN
were delightful. Tljcte w.is a tarem wtu
cellars, bar, public u:id private rooms ;
and the whoie marked no imall degree of
order :ir<d civilization.
K 11 jciifca, or Koti/oii, a lake in Maine,
laid down in late mapn as the head of
Pallamaquoddy river. N lat. 46 3.
Kayaii^irojforas Cni-i, in N. York, about
12 miles \v of the confluence of Fifh
creek and Iludlini's river. The celebrat-
ed IpringH ol Saratoga, 8 or 9 in number,
all' fituated on the margin of a marlK
form ^. by a branch of this creek. See
Kays Tjhitd, On the N. W. coaft of Amer-
ica, lies ill N lat. 59 49, E Ion. 216 58. In
the ncipjibourhood of this itland. Captain
Cook ditcovcred fcveral other iilands.
Kftijletorvn, a village in Rockingham
CO. Virginia, containing 30 or 40 houles.
Kecne, a poft town of N. HRmpfliire,
and one of the moflflourifliing in Chefli-
ire county. It vas incorporated in 1753,
and contained in 1775, 7j6, in 1790,
13 14, and in 1800, 1645 inhabitants.
It is 14 miles from Walpolc, 96 W of
.Portfrnouth, and 86 N W from Bofton.
Krllv/lurgl], a towndiip in Chittenden
CO. Vermont, at the head cf the N branch
of Ln Moillc river.
Kempfuille, a poft towh of Prince Ann
CO. Virginia, 243 miles from Wafliington,
Ktnapacomaquai, an In<Iian village on the
N bank of £elriver,a branch of the Wa-
:ba(h. Sec Longuil/e.
KenJiici'j IJlonJ, forms the W fide of
Nootka Sound, into-which you may enter
from the W by MalTachufetts Sound,
along the northern fide of theifland.
Kendufleafr, a river running into Pcnob-
(irot on Its W:fide. It rifrs in townfliip
No. 3, in the Jth range, granted to Wil-
liams College, and pafl'cs a length of about
30 miles through hiur other townfliips,
and falls into the Penobfcot in the town
of Bangor, about 2 miles below the head
of the tide. At the mouth of this river
in the town of Bangor, is a thriving vil-
lage of handforne houfes, and a place of
the moft trade on the river.
Kenneiect, next to Pcnobfcot is the fineft
river in Maine. Three milts from the
Chops, Swan I. 7 miles long, divides the
waters of the river. The waters on both
fides of it arc navigable ; but the channel
on the E fide of it is moftly ufed
miles from the fea is the idand Nahun
keag, which fignifies the land where eel,
are taken. W'itliin 3 miles of thisifland
a fmall river coming W from ponds v'j^j^i^
are
38
M
»■■,
■ I
WW.
m
i
KEW
KEN
ftre in the tovm of Winthrdp, rum into
the Kenncbeck, and it kaown by the
nuinc or Cobbcfecontc, called by the In-
diani Cobbiflccontcag, whirl) in thiir
]an];uage iigniliet the i)lacc where flui-
geoii arc taken. Six miles further up
the river we lind the head of the navi-
gable water*. This is a bnfon 46 miles
from the lea, and very commodious lor
the ancltoriii,^ of vefllls. On the £ bank
of the i'niall fall which terminates tlu-
navigation of the Kenncbeck, is Fort
Wcftern, which was trcAtd in the year
1751. From th;tt fort to I'.u oniitt Fall
is 18 miles. This is a great ftll of w.iter,
Ind on the bank of it, on the cadLrn
dc of the river, is Fort Halifax, crciled
in 1754, and ikuatcd on the point of land
formed by the confluence of the Sebafta-
cook with the Kennebcck, by which the
latter is incre.'ifed one third in fize. The
Sebaflacook comes from lakes nearly N
from its mouth ; and in its windings re-
ceives brooks and fmall rivers, fof the
fpaee of ijo miles. I'hirty miles above
I'ort Halifax, as the river runs, the flrcam
called Sandy river flowfi into the Kenne-
bcck, at the point where the ancient town
of Norridgewock ftood ; 4O mil^s or more
further up, the Krnnebeck takes a S wcft-
vrard courfe. The Kenncbeck turning
again wcftward, receives the cadern
branch 50 miles from Norridgewock.
The main branch of the Keimcbeck,
winding into the wildernefs, forms fcv-
eral carrying places, one of which, called
the Great carrying place, it 3 miles acrofs,,
and the river's courfe gives a di (lance of
^S miles, for that which is gained by 5
on the dry land. At about iqo miles dif-
tance from the mouth of the eaflern
branch, the fourceqf the main or wedern
branch of the Kenncbeck is found ex-
tended a great diftance along the fide of
the Chaudierc, which carries the waters
from the high lands into the St.Lawrcnce.
There are no lakes, but a few fmall pond^
and moraffes at the fourcc of this branch.
The carrying place from boatable waters
in it, to boatable waters in the river Chau-
diere, is only 5 miles over. The eallern
branch of the Kenncbeck, which unites
with the other above Norridgewock, if-
fues from a body of waters which lie N,
ubout 20 miles from the confluence of
the '2 branches. Thefc waters are called
Moofe Pond or Moofe Lake. The fides
of the lake are fo crooked, that the body
of waters has an irregular figure ; but the
lake contains 3 times as much water as
I
is found in Lake ^'Jeorgr. There are
very high mount.iins to the N and W ot
the lake, and from thefe the waters run
by many channels to the St. Lawrence.
'J'he Kenncbeck afTotds great quanlitlts
of lumber, and is inhabited at different
feafons by feveral fpeciesof valuable fifli.
Salmon and fliirgcon are taken here in
great abundance, and (had and alcwives
relieve the wants of the neeelfitous part
of the inhabitants. This river foriui
the urarcd fcaport for the people on the
upper part of the river Conntclinit,
From the Upper Cohos, or Coos, on the
latter river to the tide waler in Kennc-
beck is 90 meufurcd milct.
Kiiiiuteii, a county in the diftri'ft of
Maine, and the fiifl inland county creel-
ed in this diAricl. It was feparatcd from
the maritime countyof Lincoln, by which
it is bounded on the S, by Hancock 10.
on the E, by Cumbet-hmd on the W, and
by the Highlands or the line between the
U. S. and L. Canada on the N. It wa»
incorporated Feb. 10, 1 799, and has its
name from Kenncbeck river, which runs
through and divides it in nearly equal
parts. It is about 40 miles wide, and up-
wards of 100 miles long, hut its cxacft di-
menfions cannot be precifely afcertahled
until there are more accurate furvcyi.
The foil is better and more cafily culti-
vated, than that on the feacoaft. It con-
tains 34,402 inhabitants.
Kennebunk, a river of Maine, having a
good harbour at its mouth, from whence
great quantities of lumber are fhipped for
a market. There the lumber of Moufom
is fhipped at prcfent. This river divides
the townfliips of Wells and Arundel. It
runs a fliort courfe, and empties into the
fea between Capes Porpoifc and Neddick.
KeHnebuHt,t\\e Indian name of the place,
fmee called Welh, in Maine, about 3.^
miles below Portfmouth, N. Hampfliiie.
Here is a pofl ofHce.
Kennet, a townfliip in Chefter co. Peun-
fylvania. Here is a pod office.
Kennomici, Great, a navigable river of
the N. W. Territory, emptying into the S
end of Lake Michigan, about N la:. 4}
11. The waters of this river communi-
cate, by a portage of 30 yards, with Lit-
tle Kennomick, a fhort river which runs
N cafteriy into the lake.
Kenftii^^ton, a townfliip in Rockingham
CO. N. Hampfliire, about 6 miles foutli-
erly of Exeter, Knd 8 northerly of New-
bury Port. It was incorporated in 1737'
It conutins 776 iahabitaat».
.KEN
KfHl, a county nf MaryUiid on ttie eaft-
ern Hxirc of Chcr»p<.uk. Uay, l)()un(ic(l K
by N<.w CuHIc, uiid part of Kent co. Del-
aware, and W by Clu l.tpeuk Ray. It in
about 3a miirn long and 13 broad, and
cont.«in« 11,771 inhabitants, including
4474 llavci. Chief town, Clicrier.
Kent 60. U. Cunuda.cxtend.H northward
to the boundary line of Hudlou'i Bay,
including all the territory to the wcftward
and fuutbward of the faid line, to the
utmofl extent of the country known by
the name of Canada. Smyth,
Ktnt, A county of Rhode Ifland, lying
8 of Providence co. on the W fide of Nar-
raganfet Bay. It is ao miles in length,
and 10 in breadth, and is divided into 4
townfliips. It contains 8487 inhabitants.
KmttiYxc middle one of the threu coun-
ties of Delaware. It is 40 milci %om N
to S, and 26 from E to W, and contains
10,554 inhabitanto, including 1485 (luves.
The lands in Kent co> arc eftecmcd the
richeft in the (late. It is well watered
by feveral fmall dreams that empty into
tl>e Delaware. Chief town, Dover.
Kint, an illand in Queen Ann's co. Ma-
ryland, and the largelt in Chefapeak Bay.
It is I a miles from N to S, and 6 in
breadth, and has a pod office.
Ktnt, a townfliip in Litchfield co. Con-
netflicut, bordering on the ftatc of N.
York, and 8 or 10 miles W of Litchfield.
It has 1607 inhabitants.
KfHtuciy, a very crooked river in the
(late of its name, which, after a general
N W courfe of aoo miles, falls into the
Ohio in N lat. 39. It is fometimes oiled
Cattatva, Its fource is in the Laurel
Mountains, and it interlocks with Licking
river. Its mouth is 77 miles above the
Rapids, and 626 below Pittfburg. Its
mouth is 150 yards wide, and the river
is navigable 130 miles ; the current is
confiderably rapid, the banks being high
and rocky. It is faid bir.ck lead mines
have been found on the head waters of
this river. Little Krntuch River is 25
yards wide, and j miles W of Kentucky
river.
Kt/iludy, one of the United Sates of
America, bounded N W by the river
Ohio ; W by Cunjberland river ; S by
'I'encfl'ec State ; E by Sandy river, and a
line drawn due S from its fource, till it
ftrikcs the northern boundary of 'I'enelTee.
It lies between 36 30, and 39 30 N lat.
and between ^i and 89 W Ion. about 250
milcj long, and 200 broad, and contains
afcout jo,co3 f«iuare nuisi. !n JacuHry
KEN
1799, the Lfginatufe paflTeJ "an «ft
appurtioning rcprcleutation, and laying
oir the State into fcnatorial didritlls, " of
which the following is a copy. " Be it
enai'.led by the general alltmbiy, that
untd it fliull be altered by the LegiOa-
turc, the houfe of ReprelcntMiives iLall
be ciimpofcd of Jixty iifo members, to
be ek'c'ted from the feveral cuuntics,
agreeably to a ratio of one for every 500
qualified eletStors within this State,' '
is to fay, the county of
that
Barren X
Pulalki (fiace di-
JeflFerfou Oiali
cleA a
Shelby 1
Bullitt I
Henry and Gal-
latin I
Nclfon 3
Hardin (fince di-
vided) I
Greene a
Wafliington 3
Miihlenbcig and
Ohio I
Livingflon and
Hendcrfou i
Warren i
Logan a
Chiiflain (fmce di-
vided) I
Cumberland (fince
diyided) ' i
If before the next apportionment of
reprefentation fliall be made by the Le-
gillature, a new County fliall be erciftcd,
it fliall be conildered for the purpofe of
reprefentation, as a part or parts of the
County or Counties from which it fliall
be taken. And be it furtlier enatSlcd,
that until it fliall be altered by tlie I^egif-
lature, the County of Fayette fliall be
one fcnatorial dillriiA.
vided)
z
Lincoln
•
Merer
S
Garrard
ft
Madifoa
3
Fayette
4
Jeli'amine
X
Bourbon
4
Fleming
%
Clarke
%
Montgomery
*
Scott
%
Woodford
a
iTaiikiin
X
Harrifon
X
Bracken
r
Boone, Campbell
and Pendleton
t
Mafon
4
Fayettc
I
Mercer r
Montgomcry
I
Lincoln t
Bourbon
I
Shelby and Hen-
Mafon
I
ry r
Clarke
1
Nellon K
Scott
I
Wafliington t
Fleming
I
Jefferfon i
Harrifon .^nd
Bullitt and Har-
Bracken
I
din X
Campbi.Il, Pcndlt
.
Greene X
ton and Boone
I
Cumberland and
Woodford
I
Warrea i:
Franklin and Galla-
Loi^anandChrlf-
tin
I
tain t
Jeflamine and Gar-
Livingflon, Hcn-
rard
I
derfoii, Muhlen-
Madifoa
I
berg .ind O'lio r
Sicce
I t
t-;-
r *►
\\
M
111,*. Y f
KEN
TUtn
l'4
Since t^£ alAve ai3 pafled, the follow-
ing new Counties have been made ; Floyd,
Knox, Nicholas, Breckenridgc, and Adair.
Theftate has220,^55 inlubitant8,of whom
40.343 arc flave^. I'he river Ohio walh-
cs the N weftern fide of Kentucky, in its
whole extent. Its principal branches
which water this fertile tr.HiSl of country,
are Sandy, Licking, Kentucky^ Salt,
Orccn, TencfTee, and Cumberla.id rivers.
Thefe again branch in various dire«Slions,
into rivulccs of diiTerent magnitudes, fcr-
tilii^ing the country in all its parts. The
fpriugs and fhreams leflcn in June, and
continue low, hindering navigation, until
November, whc>i the autumnal rains
fwtll the rivers', ard replenifh the whole
country with water.' At the bottoms of
tlicfe water courfes ;he limedone rock,
which is common in this country, ap-
pears of a greyifli'colour ; and where il
is txpofcd to the a'.r. in its natural ft.lte,
it looks like bro- <n\ free ftone. Qn the
banks of thcfe rivers and rivulets, this
ftc?ne has the appearance of line marble,
being of the fame texture, and is found
in the greattll plenty. After heavy
rains, the waters in the livtrs rife be-
tween the higl? limtftone baniis from 10
to 30 feet. There are 5 noted fait
ipring* or licks, in this country, vi.r the
higher and lower Blue fprings, the Big
Bone Lick, Driunon's Lick, Man's and
Bullet's Lick. The two laft of thefe
Licks have fupplied this country and
part of illiuois with fait, at one dollar a
uuflii:! ; and fome is exported to the Illi-
nois cointry. The method of procuring
ivatcr from thefe Licks, is by finking
veils from 30 to 40 feet deep, which
yield water more firongly invpregualed
with fait, than the water from the fca.
This whole country, as far as has yet
been difcovcrcd, lies upon a bed of lime-
done, which in general is about 6 feet
below the furface, except in the vallics,
where the foil is much thinner. AtraiSk
of about 20 miles wide, along the banks
of the Ohio, is hilly, broken land, inter-
Iperfed with many fertile fpots. The reft
of the country is agreeably uneven, gent-
ly afcendiug and defcendiiig at no great
diftanccs. The angles of afcent are from
8 to 24 degrees, and foinetinics mon.
The vallics in common ^irc very narrow,
and the foil in them is very thin, and of
an iuferior quality ; and that ulung the
afcendiug ground, is frequently not much
better ; for where you fee a tree blown
np, you lind the routi clinging to ihc up-
per parti of the rock. The foil oh tliefcf
agreeable afcents (for they cannot be call-
ed hills) is fufficicntly deep, as is evident
from the fize of the trees. The foil is
either black, or tirigcd with a lighter or
deeper vermilion, or is of the colour of
dark alhes. In many places there are
appearances of potter's clay, and coal iu
abundance. The country promifes to be
well fupplied with wholciome, well taflcd
water. In Nelfoh co. N W of Rolling
fork, a branch of Salt river, is a tra(Sl of
about 40 miles Iquare, moflly barren, in-
terfperfed with plains and ftrips of good
land, which are advantageous fituations
for raifing cattle, as the neighbouring
barrens, a* thiy ari inipfoperly (tyled,
are covcrcd-with grafs, and afTord good
pafturage. The lands E of Nolin creek, a
branah of Green- river, are iu general of
an inferior quality; but the banks cf
Green river afford many defirable fitua-
tions. Toward the head waters of Ken-
tucky river, which interlock with llie
waters of Cumbcrla:wl and Sandy rivers,
and the whole country caftward and
ibuthward as far as the Holllon river, is
broken and mountainous ; and from the
Jefcription given by hunters, it has been
niuch doubted whether it would ever be
pratSlicalite to make a paflable road from
Kentucky acroft to Winchefter, in Vir-
ginia, on thi? £ fide of the mountains,
which, on a ftraight line, is not perhapi
more than 400' miles, and the way nov
travelled is 600. This dotibt, however^
is now removed, and a company have late-
ly undertaken t(f cut a road (it is thought
a waggon road may be made) from Ken-
tucky, to pafs by the Sweet jrings in
Virgmia ; thcftcc to Winchefter. This
new road^it is fuppoftdi will be nearly 200
miles fliorter than the one now travelled.
I'his country in general is well timbered.
Uf the natural growth which is peculiar to
this country, we may reckon the elm, the
beech, the afli, the juniper, the fugar, the
"coffee, the papaw, the hackberry, and the
cucumber trees. The two lau are foft ,
wood, and bear a fruit of the Ihape and
fize of a cucumbtr. The cofTce tree rc-
fenibles the black oak, and bears a pod,
which cnclofts a f.xd, of which a drinlc
k made not unlike cotVtc. Brfide thefe,
there i^the honey locull, black nuilbctry,
wild cherry, of a large fize. The buck-
eye, an cxcttdingly foft wood, is the horfe
chcfnut of Kuroj^e. The magnolia bears
a beautiful bloll'om of a rich and eiquil-
itv fra^raucc, Such is the variety and
beauty
It EN
Tiiaiity of tlic flowering flirubs and plants
which grow fpontancoufly in this coun-
try, thai in the proper I'cafon the wilder-
tiicfs appears in bloflbm. The accounts
of the fertility of the foil in this country,
have, in fomi.- infhincts, exceeded belief,
and probably liate been exaggerated.
That fome parts of Kentucky, particular-
ly the high grounds, are remarkably good,
alt accounts agree. The lands of the firft
rate are too rit-h for wheat, and will pro-
duce 50 and 60, and in Ionic inHanccii,
100 buflicis of good corn an acre. In
cotntnnn, the land will produce 25 bufli-
cis of wheat or rj'C an acre. Barley, oats,
flax, hemp, and vegetables of alt kindi^
common in this cliniite, yield abundantly.
Irifli potatoes produce in abundance :
fivcet potatoes are raifed with difTicul'.y.
Tobacco and cotton arc ralfed in coa-
fiderabtc quantities. lu the n 'crs are
plenty of buffaloe, pike, eels, catfiflt of un-
common fize/falnion, niulli.t, rock, perch,
jarfifh.eclfuckers.funfilli, <&'c. Shad have
not been caught in the weftern waters.
.*Jwanip3 are rarfc in Kentucky ; aiur df
courfe the reptiles which they pmchice,
fiich as fnakes, fmgs, 8cc. arc not numer-
ous. The honey bee may be called a
domeflic infcdl, as it is faid not to be
found but inckvilizird countries. Tliis is
confinned by a faying which is common
among the Indians, when the)' fee .1 Iwarm
Of bees in the woods, "Well, brothers, it is
rime for us to decamp, for the white
people arc coming." Neverthelefs, bees,
of late years, ha.c abounded, to their
amaKcment, even aoo mites N and N W
of the Ohio. The quadrupeds, except
the bufTaloe, «ire the fame as in Virginia
and the Carolinas. Between Cumber-
land and Green rivers a valuable lead
mine has been difcoVercd. Marie, chalk,
gypfiem and ochres are found in different
places. From the caves on Green river,
earth if collcAcd for faltpetre, many of
die inhabitants manufai'^Wre their own
gunpowder. The mo(t numerous rclig-
i«iu3 fciSks are the Prelbyterians, the Bap-
tifts, and Methodids. The climate is
healthy and delightful, fome few places
in' the neigiibourhood of ponds and low
grounds excepted. The inhabitants do
not experience the extremes of htat and
cold. Snow feldom falls deep, or lies
long. The winter, which begins about
Chriftmas, is ntvcr longer than three
months, and is commonly but two, and is
fo mild as that cattle can fublift without
fodder* Kentucky e^iperieocci a greater
It EN
J degree of temperature than any of thlr
neighbouring States ; Fahrenheit's ther-
mometer feidom failing below 35° in win-
ter, nor rifing above 80° in fummer.
The approach of the fcafons is gradual.
The fummer continues moftly to the mid-
dle of October. The autumn or mifd
weather, generally (Continues until Chritl-
mas, when there is fome cold and fiod'
until February, when the fpiing ap-
proaclics; and by the beginning of March
fcvcral lirubs and trees begin to llioot
forth th( ir buds , by the middle of the
month the buckeye or horfe chelnut is
clad in' Summer's atray ; and by the
middle of April the foliage of the forefts i«
completely expanded; which is a fort-
night earlier than the leaves are llioC
forih in Virginia and Maryland: aud
Cumberbnd is porpoftioftally more tem-
perate than N. Carolina, as Kentucky it
to Virginia. Malt liquor, fpirits diflillcd
from corn and rye, and the juice of the fu-
gsr tree mixed with water conftitute the
ordinary beverage of the country. Here
are various minerals ; as iron, copper,
lead, fulj»hur, nitre, &c. Iron works arc
in fuch forwardneft, a$ to furnifh large
quantities of cartings. There are cre^ft-
ed a paper mill, oil mills, fulling mills,'
faw mills, and a great number of val-
uable grift mills. Several valuable
tanneries have been ertabliflied in
diffirent parts of the country. Their'
fait works are more than fuffiiient to
fupply all their inhabitants, at a low-
price. They make ccnttderable quanti-
ties of fugar from the fugar trees. The
amount of exports from this (late in 180X
was 646,673 dollars. The banks or.
rather precipices, of Kentucky and Dick't
river, arc to be reckoned among the nat-
ural curiofities of this country. Here the
aftociflicd eye beholds 3 or 400 feet of
fotid perpendicular rock, in fome partt
of the limertonc kind, and in others of
fine white marble, curioufly checkcrcc*'
with ftrata of aftonifliing regularity.
Thefe rivers have the appearance of deep
artificial canals. Their high rocky banks
are covered with red cedar groves. Caves '
have been dilcovcred in this country of
feveral miles in length, under a fine lime-
ftoae rock, fupported by curious arcl»e»
anJ pillars. Springs that emit fulphu»
reous matter have been found in feveral
parts of the country. One is near a fait
foring, in the neighbourhood of Boonf-
b'orough. There are three fpringi or
poudt of UitumcB ocar Gt^ "^51^*
wUicli
■ KET
*»1i?c!» ilo T»ot form a flream, l)ut empty
tlicnif'civfi into a common rtfcrvoir, and
V'liei) iik-d in lamps, anfwer a!I the pur-
poi'cs of the bcfl oil. Copperas and al-
)iim are among the minerals of Kentucky.
Near 1-exington arc found curious IVpul-
ichrcs full of human (keletons. It has been
alVertcd tliat a man in ot near Lexing-
ton, having dug tiveer fix fctt htlow the
furfacc of the ;jround, came to a lar^c'
flat (tone, liiidtr wliicii was a well of
common di.5itli,r(;^ularly and artilicially
ftontd. Tlie dil'tancc of Philadelpliia,
l)y land, to Kentiirky .* liet-vecn 7 and
Soo miles ; from Baltimore uciffly 700;
nearly 600 froni AlcAi-odria, and up-
wards of 500 from Riciinnond. From
the Rapids of ti^'- Ohio !<• Santa Fe, Ij
3O0O miles, and from thence to the city
of Mexico, 1500.
Kro'.ff, or KeoT'.-ce, the name given to
•Savannah river, abctvc its confluence with
theTugulo, the \V. main brauch.
Kroive, anciently a populous town and
territory of the Cherokee ludiair., on the
liver of that nanic, the N ciifterumofl.
Itranch of Savannah river. The foil is
■very fertile, a»id the adjacent heights
jnighf, with little espenie, be rendered
afmofl impregnable. The fruitful vale
of Kcowc is j or 8 miles in extent, when
« high ridge of hills termlnatei) the vale,
liut (jpcns again below the ridge, and
continues 10 or li miles down to Sinica,
and in width i or a milts. This was
formerly one continued and tliickly in-
Iiabitcd fctllcnient, well cultivated and
planted. It now exhibits a very differ-
ent I'pecSacle to the feeble remains of the
cnce potent Cherokees. Fort Geori^e for-
merly flood near the old fcite of Keowe.
Kefilers, a village in Berks co. Pennfyl-
Tania, on Little .Schuylkill river, the N
branch of Schuylkill river ; ai miles N N
"W of Reading, and 31 W of Bethlehem.
KcrlfoHfrar, a lake in the diftrit'il of
IVIaine, which lends its waters to Ftnob-
fcot riven
Kirfiaii', a dl(l;ri(^ of S. CaroPna, on
"W^leree river, which feparatcs it from
Richland diftriiH:. It is -^ <; miles in lengih
and 30 ill breadth, containing 7340 in-
liabitKiits, ofwhom 1530 are Haves.
Keftab. See Cujhai Rivrr.
KeitU Hivery or ri-uieif a it C!\iua!et;\
riles in a long marfli, towards the river
'rhamcR, and running fouthcrly diicharg-
cs itfcif into lake Eric, W of the carrying
•pl;ice, out of the bay of Long Point, hav-
itJjat wmcj five feet and* knl^" water on
KIL
its bar ; llils river lias fufficient water tdt
boats many miles upwards ; its entrance
is but aj feet wide. Smyth.
Kcytvatva, a fniall ifle near Charleflon
harbour, S. Carolina.
Kairpr^e 6Vr, in Hiliroorough CO. N.
Hampfliire, contains 103 inhabitants.
Kictapniis, an Indian nation whofe dif-
ferent tribes inhabit near the entrance of
Lake Superior, where io years ago they
had 400 wif riuf.. ; part rcfide at Lake
Michigan, and between that and the
MiAilippi, near tiie Outtagomies, & iiid
another tribe near the Piankefliaws, .axl
on the Vi'abafli and its branches. The
Kickapous and Kaflcatkias, two Indian
nations lately hoflile, ceded lands to the
United States at the treaty of CJrfenville
Auguft 3, 179J. The United States, on
the other hand paid them a fum of money
in hand, and engaged to pay them in
goods, annually to the value of 500 dol-
lars for ever.
Kicleimdt ff. is a N weftern arm of
Mount Hope Bay. It is about 2 miles
long, and lialf a ir.ile broad. The town
of V\'arrcn, in Briflol co. in the State of
Rhode Illand, lies N W of it.
K'i!^htp\:cJ, on tho coafl of Labrador, in
D-u i«"s Strait, N from and near A'..//! y
which ft;e.
K'lkehucc Point. See Kioanon.
KillirglM, a town in Windham co. Con-
necticut, in the N eaftern pait of the ftatc,
bordering on Rhode Ifland, and fcparatcJ
froni Pomr'ret by Quincbaug R. It lit*
about 18 miles E of Windham. The
orivjinal fettlerswerc from Maflachuletts.
'I'he town was incorporated in May, 1700.
Inhabitants, 1379.
KiUingloii,\\QVi 5Ziir/«/r/i<', amouutainous
townfliip in Rutland co. Vcmiont, hav-
ing ^'[edv/ay on the W, Barnard N E,
and Saltafli on the S 12, and contains 34
inhabitants. Killlngton peak is tlie high-
eft land in Vermont, 3454 feet above the
level <i: llie ocean. Watcrquechee river
has its iburce in a poiid in this town.
Killingivor-th, a pofl: town in Middlefet
CO. ConneOllcut, fituated on Long I. Sound.
9 miles E of Guilford, and ^^ W of N.
London. The Indian name of the tcwn-
fliip was HammonafTet ; and a ftroiim of
that name runs on the W fide of the
town, and dividos it from Guilford. It
was fettled in 1663, by li planters from
Hartford, Cailford, and Windlbr. The
Englifli name delignedio have been given
this town was K,niidii.unth,\)\xt by miihike
it wa» recorded Kilii^'^uoiiu. It was in-
corporated
twrporated
itants.
Kiliijlinoes
Superior; ;
Kilienns,
HampfliL-e,
inhabitants.
Kindfrbook
N. York, on
a fmall ftre,
river, conta
a Dutch chu
city, aa S b
York, and 1
Maflachufet
4248 inhabit
Kindcrhook
ifJiip, is fitual
rivs:r, furrou
ren count --y
and nearly'
buildings ; %
town thnmg!
is al)ou
/ ■'■rh'M
main ■<-■ :d in
aii-i'-lici nea
miles NWfr
pad) ng thr.i
hook it emp(
city ofHudl
J^ii^g and Q
Mattapony j
King Willia;
miles long a
44'>9 free in
At King ana
port office.
King Gc'or^i
dcrs of E. Flo
King Gc'i/r(^'.
the N W co'a
49 36. See .
King Giorg
harbour on tl:
I-at. 33 5 S, I
and plenty
King Ceorg,
twecn the Pal
rivers. It is
and contains
.^9^7 ilaves.
efiice.
Kings, a fn.
" containing
bounded E by
CO. W partly I
ocean ; and S
eluding Conej
c>f land, iltuat
h CO. N.
Lants.
liofe dif-
traiice of
ago they
at Lake
and the
i, * and
,avrs, aixl
ics. The
,'n Indian
ds to the
;jrecnvil(e
Sutes, on
of money
them in
f 500 <lol-
KIN
Corporated in 1703, and has 3049 inhab-
itants.
KilUJlinaes, Indians whf> inhabit on L.
Superior ; and can furnifln 250 warriors.
Kilieniiy, a town in (Jrafton co. N.
Hampflrl-e, incorporated in 1774, has 18
inhabitants.
Kincifrhooi, a port town in Columbia co.
N. York, on liie E fiJc ofHudlbn's R. on
a fmall ftream which empties into that
river, containing 50 dwelling houfes and
a Dutch church ; 13 miles >J of Hudfou's i
city, az S by E of Albany, 145 N of N.
York, and 25 W by N of Stockbridge in
Maflachufetcs. The townfliip contains
4U48 inhabitants ; of whom 483 are (lavfes.
Kindcrhook Landing, in the above town-
iTiip, is fituated under the E bank of the
rivsr, furrounded with an uncleared bar-
ren count-y, has about 15 or 20 houfes,
and nearly' as many ftorcs ar 1 other
buildings ; %o miles S of Albany. The
town tiirimgh which the ftage to N. York
is about 5 miles E of the Landing.
/';'-clrh-M XivcT, in N. York has one
main if-id ir. th« N part of Stephen Town,
another nr;ir Lebanon fprings. Five
miles N W from which they meet, whence
pafljng thrii'igh Chatham and Kinder-
hook it ernptl^ ^ into the Hudfon N of the
city of HiidlV,,,
Kirr^ and Q, \ :-/i, a couaty of Viiginia, on
Maitapony R. which feparates it from
King William's co. It is about 35
miles long and 20 broad, and contains
44^9 free inhabitants, and J380 Haves.
At King .ana Queen in this county is a
port office.
King Gcorjte, an ancient fort cji the bor-
ders of E. Florida, near St. Mary's R.
King Cc'orgr'j Sound, or Noutta, lies On
the N W coaft of N. America, in >( lat.
49 36. See Nootka.
King Giorge the Third's Sound, a gOod
harbour on the S W part of New Holland.
Lat. 35 5 S, Ion 118 17 E. Good water
and plenty of iifli may be taken here.
King George, a county of Virginia, be-
tween the Patowmac, and Rappahannock
rivers. It is aa miles long, and 14 broad,
and contains 276a free iniiabitants and
3987 flaves. At the court houfe is a port
office.
Kings, a (naritmc county of N. York,
" containing all that part of the flat*,
bounded E by Queen's co. N by N. York
CO. W partly by Hudfon R. partly by the
ocean ; and S by the Atlantic Ocean, in-
cluding Coney Ulands." This fertile tratil
ef land, iituateU on U^e W end of X.oiig
KIN
Ifland, and ftparatcd from Stiitsn Ifl.nnd
by the Narrows, contributes largely ta
the fupply of the N. York market with
vegetables, roots, fruits, butter, &c It i*
divided into 6 townlbips, and Containji,
J740 inhabitants, imhiding 1479 ilaves.
Chief towns, Brooklyn and I'latbiifn.
King's, a. CO. of Mova Scotia, compre-
hending the lands on thg S W, and S tides
of the bafon of Miivs. 'I'he Habitant
i.^ navij^ahle for vefieis of 40 tons a little
way up. The Canaid for veflels tif 160
tons, 4 or 5 miles ; and the Cornwailis
is iiavigablc for veflols of 100 tons J
miles, for thofc of 50 tons 10 miles fur-
ther. There arc coniidorable Icttle-
ments on thefe rivers, and they afturd a
good portion of fine lands for tillage, and
for iierliagc, anil fome excellent meadows.
In the rivi rsare found a great abniidance
of fliad of an excellent kind ; and in the
Bafm of Miiias are fine cod liOi, liaddock,
bals, and flat fifli of different kinds.
King's bridge, a potl town of N. York,
15 miles N of N. York city. The bridge
here conneiits N. York ifland with the
main land. It was ftrongly fortiiied dur-
ing the war. The heighfo about it are
commanding.
Kingftury, a townfl;ip in V.^aiaingfon
CO. N. York, on the bend of Hudfoii river,
N K lldc. It contains 1651 inhabitants.
Kingfcy, a townibip in I^. Canad.i N \V
of Jiipton adjoining on both lides of Nit-,
olet r'C haviiig about 30 inhabit- iits.
King'^. it JPeurl Ifiund, a fmall illa.td iu
theBay'u ;'Anama. It belongs to Spain,
rr.r is far. ' us fo; its pearl filherv; and
ljv.6'uN''t ; za,\v Ion. 81 36.
K.n'-^ah.ies^iwe near the N. Fork of
Holft( p, in Tened'ee ; thirty iwo gallons
of tntt water prod' es a b'-fl'd of fait.
1 .'.1 hundred bufli'-Jsiiavf been made in
a day equal tu .liverpfx^l fait. The
water is from a well, 10 feet fjuare, more
than aoo feet deep, conftai tiy more thaa
half full of water.
Kingfon, or Efopu.-; r poft town of N-
York, in Ulfter co. on ; ■ W fule of Hud-
fon's river, 6 miies W of Rhinebeck, and
on the E fide of F.fovnis Kill, or Creek.
It was deftroyed on the 15th of Odlo-
ber, 1777, by order of general Vaughan,
commanding a fleet vhich failed up the
Hudfon, when large qn...ntities of ftoreJ{
were confumed. It is : »iiuilt on a regu-
lar plan, and contains about 150 houfes,
a court houfe, gat)l, a Dutch Reformed
church, and an academy. It is pleafaut-
ly fituated upon and Jluirour 'ed by a ipa-
ciout
■ ■♦S'V
\\
\
'■'it
■.-T-f
%l -Mfii
M
Ir ill
i l^',' 'II
KIN
XIN
i:\
J'ii
,«fu«p1?'n. It is j6 miles f? of Albany,
anil 109 N of N. York. N hit. 41 56,
\V Ion. yn 56. The townfliip contains
4615 inhabitants.
KiHgJlon, a townfliip in Addifon co.
Vermont, containing 185 inhuliitiints.
Kin^fon, a poft to\fn in Plynotitii ro.
Maflaclmfetts, on the wcftern p-irt of
I'lyinoiith Bay, Iwnndefl northerly by
Uuxborou^h, ami contains 10J7 inh;'bit-
ants. 'I'henc i» licre a flitting and roll-
ing mill. The town was incorporated
in 1707, and contains ro.^7 jv.habitants.
It is 38 miles S V. of iiofton.
Ki'igjlun, a poft town in RTkingham
CO. N. Ilanipfhire, lying on the road
■whith leads fron) nvi-ier to Haverhill,
in JVTAirachufctts, 6 mile ■; from the former,
and 12 from Haverhill. It was incor-
porated in i6«;4. It has 785 inhabitants.
Ki!tgPf>n,:\ viUaj;e in M. Jerfey, three
miles N K of I'rincctoii, and 15 S \V of
Brnnfwick ; an ele\'ated and pieafant
•fpot.
Kingjlon, now ConivnyJinrnng!', a tow.n
in Horry diflridl, S. Carolina, on the ^
fide of Wakkamaw river, and !»as an
«pifcopal church and about 36 honfes, 41
miles N by E from Ceorpctown.
A'/.7f/7o«, the chief town of Lenoir cu.
Newbern diftri<it, N Carolina. It is a
poft town, fitiiated in a bcautifiil plain on
the N fide of Ncns river, and contains a
court honfe, gaol, and about -^o houJca. It
is 40 miles W of Ncwbcrn, and 24 from
Vaypelborougli.
Kingjlim, a townfliip in liuzcrne 50.
Pennfylvania. It has 75a inhabitants.
Kingjiott, a village in Talbot co. Mary-
land, fituated on theeartern fide of Chop-
tank river, 4 mile.« below the Foik«.
Kingfon, U. Canada, is in about 44 8
of Nlat. and 75 41 of V Ion. is fit-
<uated at the licad of the St. L,awrence, on
the N fliore, oppofite Wolf illand. It
occupic.; the fcite of old fort Frontenac,
was laid out in 1784, and is now of
«on(iderable fire. It has a barrack for
troops, a houfe for the commanding offi-
cer, an hofpital, feveral ftorc houfes, and
anepifcopal church, of the cftablifhed
religion. The ruin* of the French
works arc yet to be feen, a> well as that
of a breaftwork thrown up by General
Bmdftrcet, on the E fide of the town.
It has an excellent harbour, where the
kings fliipping on lake Ontario for the
jnoft part winter. Large veflVIs feldom
go below Kingfton, although it is naviga-
ble to OfwfSatckit about 70 aiiles down
the river; the ftores.provifions, &c..wlii(^
are lodged in the depot at this place be-
ing ufualiy tranfported there in boat*
from Montreal. About Kingfton there are
feveral valuable quarries of limcft«>ne, and
the country, in gentral is mthcr llony,
which is not found detrimental to the
crops. It is ioo miles S of Montreal, and
T 50 nortlnvard of Niagara. Large veirds
go no f.irther than thi^ place ; thence t9
Nianara, &c. ftorcs and merchiti.caze are
toriveycd in boats. Smyii,
K.iijjlon To-iift'Jh-jt, U. Canada, is the
rourtevnrh uppernroft towiilhip in afcetul-
ing the St. L.-ivvr-cnce. It is in the co. of
Frontinac, and lies partly open to lake
Ontario. Smytt.
Kliizfofi, the capita! of the i/land of Sr.
Vincents, in the W. Indies, and the feat of
government, lies at the head of a bay ojf
tlic fame name, on the S W ofliore of the
illand, in St. George's parilli.
Kin^tlon, the capital of the iiland of Ja-
maica, in the W, Indies, is fituatcd on the
N fitle of a beautiful harbour, having Port
Roysl on the N E, and Spaiiifli Town on
the S \\", and was founded in 1693 ; wht'c
repeated defolations bv earthquakes and
fire had driven the inhabitanth from. Port
Royal. It contains 166,5 houfes, belidc
negro luiti and warehoufes. In 1788,
the white inhabitants amounted to 6539;
free people of colour 3280 ; and Ikves
16,659 ; '" ^'^ 26,478. It is a place of
great trade and opulence. Many of th«
houfes in the upper part of the town are
extremely maguiliceut ; and the markets
for butchers' meat, turtje, fifli, poultry,
fruits, and vegetable*, inferior to none.
It is the refidence of the nioft conliderable
merchants, whofe fhips load and unload
here. Upon an average of ao years,
the tliips that go out aniiualiy from thi«
port amount to 400. N lat. 1757 30, W
lo;i. 76 33-
Kingflree, a poft town in Wiiliamfbor-
ough CO. S. Carolina. 480 iniles from
Wafliington.
King iVilliajn, a cDunty of Viiiginia, be-
tween Mattapon' and Pamuntey river<
It is 47 miles long and i j broad, aod con-
tains 5744 tree iuhabitaots, and J3n:
flaves. At the court houff .'. a poO «<fice.
Kingivood, a townfliip in Huntingdon
CO. N. jerfey, containing 2446 inhabitantf;,
including 104 llaves. It is about 5 miUi-
below Alexandria, and ijSWofLeb.i
non. Alfo the name of a fmall river of N ■
Jerfey.
Kififule, a poft town of Virginia, 16 niilcf.
frcn:
from Well
from Nort
JCin/leir,
•Una, 390
Kioantn i
•W'f. i» the
whidi proji
Superior.
Khntomt,
?«ver, ia Pei
wly fremiti
XiJbtac,ZY
America, lie
fide of the p<
part of it opi
on the N W
aifo oppofite
£hany river,
iat. 40 40, in
vania. Its h
mau^h and St
tion It is callei
receives BlacJ
»7 miles fron
Creek enters 1
/t is called Kii
'gable for batt
good portages
Jwlatta and I
act be-
i boatit
ere arc
ne, and
• Uouy,
to the
!al, and
; \eircls
icnte t»
uize aie
Smyth,
I, j's the
I afceiul-
kp CO. oi
to lal-e
Smyth.
«nd ot St.
le feat of
a bay oj?
re of the
ind of Ja-
ed on the
iving Port
Town on
g3 ; when.
uakes and
from Port
fes, befide
In 1788,
d to 6539;
and ll;;ve«
I place of
any of th«
town are
le market*
poultry,
to none,
nliderablcr
tnd unload
JO years,
from thi?
57.^°'"^'''
'UUamfbor-
.niles from
rginia, bc-
nky river*
d.aod con-
,ind 3311:
aj>on «rfFice.
Huntingdon
inhabitants.
l>out 5 milci-
W of Leb.i-
11 river of N •
inia.
1601110^
frcrj.
from Wellmorelan .loufe, and it
from Northumherl .rt haufe.
Kinfien, a poft t( 1, i^enoir co. N. Car*
•Una, 390 miles from Wafliiogton.
Kioanm Pointy called in fome maps, Jtri#-
hiitcy la the extremity of a lar^e penlnfula
which projeAt far into the S Ude of Lak«
Superior.
KhntoM, an Indian town on Conewango
river, in Pennfylvania, and 1 1 miles north-
erly from its mputh in Alleghany river.
KifitacjUu illand on the N W coaft of N.
America, lies E of Foggy Cape, on the S E
iide of the peninfula of Alaflca, and on that
part of it oppolite the bead of Brifbl Bay,
on the N W fide of the pepinfuia. It is
alio oppofite the mouth of Cook's river.
Ki/lemanitat Rimer, is a branch of Alle'
ghany river, into which it empties in N
lat. 40 40, in Weftmoreland co. Pennfyl-
vania. Its head waters are Little Cone-
maugh and Stone creek. After their junc-
tion It is called ConemaUgh river. It then
receives Black Lick from the N £, and
17 miles from its mouth Loyalhannon
Creek enters from the S S E, after which
it is called Kifkemanitas river. It is nav-
igable for batteaux 40 or 50 miles, and
good portages are found between it and
Jualatta and Potowmac rivers. Coal and
fait are difcovered in the vicinity of thefe
rivers.
KfttMiujr, a fettlement in Pennfylvania,
on t)ie £ fide of Alleghany river, 36 milea
northward of Pitlibuvgh.
Kittatinny Mountains, a ridge of the Alle-
ghany Mountains, which runs through ihc
nortni?rn parts of N. Jerfey and Pennfy!-
x&u'u
Kittery, a townfliip in York co. Maine,
incorporated in 1653, and confids of 3
Iparifhes, containing 3114 inhabitants. It
IS fituated between Pifcataqua and York
fivers, 67 miles nonherly of Bofton. In
this town is Sturgeon Creek, called fo from
the plenty of that fifli, in the mouth of the
icreek at the firft fettlement of tlie coun-
lirv : but there have been none found for
Uhele many years paft. This creek is fa-
laious in the hiftory of the tirft i'ettlers
Kith, St. See St. CLrHlophers.
Knijlentaux, a tribe of Indi.tns widely ex-
[tfaded aver the N part of N.America.
jTheir language is fimilar to the Algon-
l^uins who inhabit the waters of Sc Law-
I'euce, and the coaft of Labrador. Their
l^refB is firaple and commodious, their wo-
>en are the moft comely of fava ^^cs. Theft
«ople are fubjeifl: to but few diforder*.
fhey are mild and affable, iufl to one an-
V0L.F. • li
other, mi hofpftable to ftrangcri. Smok-
ing precede* all afifairs of confequence.
This facred rite is never prophaned ; it
obligations are indifpcnfublc. It letiles all
differences between contending parties.
No perfon is allowed to join in the folem*
itity, who haa cohabited with a woman
within 34 hours. They fay, " he is un-
clean." At their funerak, the mournera
cut off their hair, lacerate their flefli,
blacken their faces, bury the mofl valua-
ble property of the deceafed, deflroy what
remains, that it may not pain them b^'
bringing him to remembrance ; widow*
fometimes facrifice themfeivcs with their
departed hulbands. Families have domef-
tic gods, which are carved images about
8 inches long ; thefe they treat with the
moft fuperftitious regard. Chaflity is no
virtue with thefe people ; they exchange
wives, or (jfTer them to ftrangers as s.€t%
of hofpitality. Inceft and befliality are
common among them. £0 wicked, fo bru-
tal are the moft amiable tribes of men, not
enlightened by the gofpel of Jefus Clirift.
Knob Lici,m Mercer co. Kentucky, lies
15 miles S E of Harrodftown, and about
12 foutherly of Danville.
Knotxilton, a townfhip in SulTex co. N.
Jerfey, containing 1937 inhabitants.
Knox, a county of Kentucky, containing
1 1 19 inhabitants.
Knox, a co\inty in TenefTee, Hamilton
diftrift, bounded on the S by Blount cD.
W by the Indiana Territory ; it is water-
ed by the rivers Hclflon and Clinch. Ic
cuniains 11,981 iuhabitants, of whom
11 u are flaves.
Kitox, a county in the Indiana Territo-
ry, ereiSlcd June 20, 1 790. " Beginning
at the Standing, Stone Forks of the
Great Miami river, and dov-n the faid
river, to its confluence with the Ohio
river ; thence with the Ohio to the fmaU
rivulet above fort Mafl'ac ; thence witK
the caflern boundary line of St. Clair co.
to the mouth of the liitle Michilimacki-
nack ; thence up the Illinois river to the
forks or confluence of the Theakiki and
Clilkago ; thence by a line to be drawa
due N to the boundary line of the terri-
tory of the United States, andfo far eaft«
erly upon faid boundary asihat a due S line
may be drawn to the place of beginning."
It contains 2517 inhaliitants, of whom 98
are Haves. Fort Knox it in the fame
territory.
Knox, one of Ingraham's iflands. Capt.
Ingraham difcoverd two iflands, which
he called Kntx and Hcnucky which Capt.
Roberta,
V iit?
ii:]
1 ;i|;,.
LAB
LAO
■ iV'v ™-
Roberts, foon after tlifcovtriAg, called
lueemaii and L.iiigdon. Thefe illands had
•Vtry appearance of fertility. Their
latitude is from 8 3, to 8 5 S, and their
fongitude very nearly 141 W from Green-
wich.
Knoxvllle, a poll town, the metropolis
.of the State of Teneflee, fituated in Knox
CO. on the N fide of Holfton river, where
it is 300 yards in width, on a beautiful
fjKit of ground, ai miles above the junc-
tion of HoHlon river with the 'Peneflee,
aiul 4 below the mouth of French Broad
river. It is flourifliing, and enjoys a com-
munication • /ith every part of the United
Stales by port. It i» regularly taid ou^,
and contains 518 inhabitants, a criiu't
houfe, gaol, and barracks large enough to
i^ontain 700 men. The fnpreme coUtfs
of law and equity for tlie diftriift of
Hamlltonjare held here half yearly, and
the courts of pleas and' quarter feflions
for Knox co. are helc here. A college
has been eftabliflied here Hy govei amcnt, ,
c.illt'd Blount ColFs/^e. It I's ji mites W
of Teilico Block houfe; aoo S E by S of
Frankfort, in Kentucky ; 485 W by S of
Richmond, in Virginia ; and 7i8 S well-
erly of Philadelphia, lat. 3? 4a N.
Kodiac,a.n ifland'on thefouthern fliore
«f the peninfula of Alalia, on the N. W.
.coaft ; wliich fee
,." Khitright, a poff town in Delaware co.
"JI. Vork ; has 1513 inhabitants.
Koyaht, a fmall iile at the S end of
Wafliington's Iflc, at the entrance' of a
ftrait feparatingalmallifle from thelargeft.
Kiis^ Indians inhabiting the banks of
l,akc Chriftineaux.. ''"hey can raife i,aoo
w.irriors.
Kul/uiri:, or Sugar Tc-nm, z llttlo Cher«-
'tet town in the vale of Keowe.
Kiif.-atun/i fills, in Kcnncbcck
river.
<lt I' t*<e fii'rt that defervo the- name of
raHi Hi nftc:;ding Kc'unsbc,-k R. and arc
i»bc It i3oiuilcd from its month, and about
.Itaif wav between .Seven Mile brook and
"..Auftin's brook.
ICyuqj'jt, a hi-rge found or bay on the N.
\V. coall of N. America, Iiaviiig RoInL-rts
IHaiid on the one fide. N bit. jo, \\' Ion.
i^^ ao.
L
LABRADOR, Terra Df, one of the
niirthern countries of America, called al-
fo Ef(]\iiniaux, and is comprehended in
Kew iiiitain ; bniindcd N by Hudfon's
^iti». S by pan of Lower Canada and
the river St. Lawrence, W bjr Hudfori'l
Bay, N E by the Ocean and Davis's Straits;
and £ by the Stiaitsof Bellifle and the
Gulf of tit. Lawrence The coaft is rocky,
and intcrfperfed with innumerable iflcs.
The only attempt tbtradc with Labrador,
has been dire<Stcd toward the filhery ; the
annual produce of which, amounts to up-
wards of £, 49,000 fterl. The inhabitants,
whofe number is unknown, hunt for fur^
andikinsi The Moravian Brethren main^
tain a communication with their million
on the coafbof ' Labrador. The prop*
erty of their'fliip is divided into fhai^s cf
;£ loonly.v/itH the fupply intended for
the brethren : articled are feilt for traffic
with the natives, enabling tiiem to bring
Back cargoes that have afibrded them
not always a dividendof more than the in-
fcrefl of the capital cmplOyird. Sec Ntu
Biii'ain.
Ljini/for,s. !argclake",\('hichb'y its nu-
merous branches forms a water commu-
nication ' through great part of the ifland
of Cape Breton. In fome maps it ii
called St. Peter's Lake.
Lachaijuatinock, a mountain in the'nOrtK
W'Cftei'h pkrt of TPcnnfylvania.
Lacbaivannotk, a townflap in Luzcrnt
CO. Perfnfyfvania. •
Lad, a townfhip in Mifflin co. Pcnn<>
fylvania, having 107 1 inhabitants.
La Cole, a river which falls into LaVe
. Champlain from the W, 5 miles S iS ^V
of Nut Illand, after a fhort courfe.
I Lacomic, a fmall creek which emptici
through the W bank of Alleghany i<.
: in Pennfylvania.oppofite Licking Creek, |
a Hiort diftancc below fort Franklin.
Liiconia. The tradl of land extend- 1
ingftom the. river Merrimack to Sagacia-
hock, and from the ocean to the lakes and I
rivers of Canada, went under this- name, I
in the grant of I'iuuls in i6ai, fromtliif
I council of Plymouth to Gapt. Mafon andj
i Sir Ferdinand Gorges.
I Liiiliij IJfands a fmall ifland of S. Caroli-
; na, near Port Royal.
La Framhc, U. Canada, now called tli?|
Thames.
/..fi^-Mn.oneof thencw difcovend ifliindij
in i!>c i>outhSea. Captain Cook vifitcJl
it in 1769. b lat. 18 47, W Ion. frum|
Greeiiwicli 139 aS.
Lacuna, a town of Peru, fituated ohI
Amazcm river, S E of the town cf Borjjl
Ld Gujyrj, a maritime fortifi' d towaf
in Caraccas, a province of Terra riiii"<
This town, .ind Puert* Cabcla arc M
chief iu the piovinte.
IAN
LAl^
in Luzcrntf
Xftl« of tit two mountaiiUf a piflCA of
water wcfterly from Montreal, properly
the mouth of Ottawa river, 20 miles long,
5 broad. It is furruunded by cultivated
fields of the Iroquois, and Algonquin In-
dians, whofe village (lands on a delight-
ful point of land, which extends into the
liake. Each tribe has a Roman Cathn-
iic Miflionary. They attend public
wprfliip in the fame church. Their paf-
tors have taught them reading and writ-
ing. Their warrriors are about 500.
/jah a/ tie Woodt. See IVomis.
La MoeJlf,3i large river in the N W
part of VermonC. It. general courPe is
wefterly : after running about 75 miles,
and receiving 14 Icfl'er (Ircams it falls in-
to JL<. Champlain at Colchcder, 5 miles
N. of the moutii of Onion river, and is
of about the fame mngnitude.
Lamtayeque, a town on {he road from
Guayaquil to Lima in Peru, four leagues
from Morrope. It confide of about
1500 boufcs, built of difl*crcnt materials,
but in general of unburnt bricks. The
meanelt of the houfes are the haliitatians
of the Indians, which confifl entirely of
canes. The number of ics inhabitants
amounts to above 30,000, fomcof whtmi
are opulent ; but the generality arc poor
Spaniards, Mulattocs, MeQi/ocs, and In-
dians. It has a large and elegant (tone
church. It is the refujenceof a corregi-
dor, having under his jurifdidlion, befide
many other towns, that of Morrope.
One of the two officers of the revenue
appointed forTruxillo, alio rtlides here.
Slat. 6 41 37, W Ion. 76 15.
Lamfa, a jurifdic^ion of Ciifco, in Peru,
in S, America. It begins about 30
leagues fouth of the city of Culco : and
18 the principal province included under
thenajne of Callao. Here are excellent
pafturcs and filvtr mines. The air is
very cold.
Latnpdtr, a tcnvufliip in Linradcr en.
Pennfylvanla, haviiij; 50i8 inliabitiiius.
l.amprry Rivir^-A W tll» ul Uuul liliy,
ill N. llaniplhire.
Ltwaifitr, a diflri»IV of S. Cnr(»liiia, con-
taining 5011 iiilinbitnnt« of whom 1076
•i.r'.' (laves.
Lanciijitr, n pofl town in Gcrrard co.
Kentucky, 6zi miles from Walliington.
Lam ijhr, a populous and wealthy co.
in the interior part of Pcnnfylvania, ex-
tending S to the :\Uiyland line. U is
^iinit 41 miles fquarc, is divided into 25
t'wiifliips and contains s ^16,240 acres of
ijiid, and 4J,.i03 jnhabit;ints, including
17S flaves. The lands in this cotinff
are rich and well cultivated. The hills
in the northern parts abound with iron
ore ; for the manufatSluring which, 2 fur-
naces and 8 forges have been crcdled.
The furnaces manufacture about 1300
tons of pigs and nearly that number of
bar iron aimnally. Copper and lead,'
and abundance of limeftone have alti>
been found licre.
Lanc^Jier, a county of Virginia, bound-
ed E by Chcfapeak Bay, and S W by
Rappahannock river. It is about 40
miles lon^, and 15 broad, and conrain*
2249 f''<^ inhabitants, and 3126 Jlavis<.
The lands of this county arc generally
poor. At the court houfc'is a port office.
Jumcajler, Boiaii^^h of, a hiindfonic and.
flourifliing port town, tlie capital of Lan-
caller county, Pcnnfylvania, and the
largeft inland town of the United States.
It is pleafantly fituated upon thedefcent
of a hill, a mile and a half W ot Conello-
ga creek, which falls into Sufquehanna
river, 9 miles S by W of the town. lt»
trade is already great, and mufl increalV,
in proportion as tlie lurrounding country
populates. It contains about yoo houl-
cs chiefly of brick and Hone. The fegif-
laturc me«ta here till a permanent feat
of government fliall be cflablillicd. 'I'he
public buildings are a handfome court
houfc of brick, a market houfe of the fame
materials, and a Ihong ftone gaol. Here
arefi places of w.orfliip.for as manv difler-
ent perfuafion^, viz. German Lutiicrans,
German Ccdvini/ls, I'rcfbytcrians, Epif-
copalians, Moravians, and Roman Catbr
olics. The German Lutheran church it
a large lirick building, liaving an orgaa,
and a luindlonic fpirc ; the otiurs urc of
brick, and arc neat and canimodious
building*. 'i'Le>only nianiiLu'tures here
arc carried on by iiulividnals. There
ate 3 brewcricp, and x or 3 valuaMc tan-'
ntries. Prankliii college is <flablifl]cd
lirn liu'llu' (icrin.-ins. Its endowment'*
lUt ntarly theti\iueas iluile of IJickinfon
college at CarUlle. Its tniflets eonfift of
Lutherans, CalvinilTs, Prefl)yttrians, and
Epifcopnliana ; of each an ctjual nuntr
bcr. 1 he principal i^ a Lutheran, and
the vice prelident a Oalvinill. U is ^8
miles as the nvw turnpike road runs, W
by N of Philadelphia, :nid 31 liom Kcad-
\\\g. N lat. 40 3, W lun. 76 20.
J.ancnfter, a poft tov/n of S. Carolina,
36 miles ironi Camden, and 47 from
Charlotte, N. Carolina.
i. j;;.'.v/?.T, a plcafani poll town,inWor-
ccrtcr
fi^l
Ft i.
it
^
Si'
/••-" M
cCfter CO. MaiTachurettB, the oldeft in the
eaunty, fettled in 1645, and incorporated
in 1653. It is fituatid on a branch of
Maifliua river, which empties into the
Merrimack It is 36 miles W N W of
Bolton, and 14 N by E of Worccfter.
The lands of the townfliip, and thofc of
Sterling on the S W are part of the tradk
called NnJh:iv>ogg by the Indiann. The
pleafantnefs of this town has invited ma-
ny perfons of education and fortune to
relidc here. In the N eafterly part of
Lmcader, there is a valuable, and per-
haps Inexhauftiblc (late pit, fornifhing
dates for houfes, and excellent (tones for
tombs and graves. No flatcs equal to
thcfe have yet been difcovered in the
United States. Thefe are fent to Bofton,
and exported to N. York, Virginia, &c.
Two principal branches of Nalhqa river,
over which are 9 large bridges, water
this town, and have on their banks excel-
lent interval land. Cumbcrry pond in
this town is obferved to rife as much as
two feet, juft before a ftorm ; and Sandy
pond rifcs in a dry fcafon. It contains
1584 iniiabitants.
L^ncafler, a poft town in Grafton cp.
N. Hampdiirc, on the E bank of Con-
xicdticut river, about 41 miles above
Hanover. It was incorporated in 17C3.
In 1775 it contained 6i inhabitants, in
X790, 161, and in i8co, 44c.
ItamejJIer, thff capital of Fairfield co.
in the Scate of Ohio, fituatcd on the
Kockhocking River.
Laneafitr the To-uinfiip of^ in U. Canada,
if in Glcngary co. on the St. Lawrence,
and the lowed in the province adjoining
L- Canada.
Lanec Ips, On the N \V coaft of N-
America, lie ofF Cape Scott, which is the
fouthern point at the mouth of Pintard's
Sound, oppoCtc to point Difappointment.
There is a narrow channel between the
UrgeQine^ndthecape. S^cPintard's ^ound.
Lantetetj^rnjjle, a viljag'e in LouiQana, on
tb« Miffifippi, below St. I-ouis.
Lamdaff, a townlhip in Grafton co. N.
JIampfliire. Ir was incorporated in
1774, and contains 461 inhabitants.
Landguard, on lake trie, U. Canada,
^formerly Point aiix Pins ;) this place is
in lat. 42 7 ij N, variation a 48 W.
There is a pond at the back of the
point ; the entrance to which has fome-
times 4^ feet xvater on the bar ; on the
bank of the pood is an old Indian village,
from whence there is a good path to the
t\'Kt Thsmcs. There is a great refort of
LAR
Indians to this place, in th« fpring, id*
dueed by the quantity of filh and fowl,
which may then be taken here. This
point is about ao miles £ of the S. Fore,
land, and bears the only pine timber on
this coalt.
Land'i Height, in N. America, is the
high ground on the chain of lakes be-
tween Lake la Plue and L. Superior,
where there is a portage of 7 miles. It
is 80 miles £ of the grand portage from
the W. end of L. Superior.
LangdoH, a townlhip in Chelhire eo. N.
Hampflure, incorporated in 1787, and
contains 484 inhabitants,
Lanrjhorougb, a pod town in Berklhire
CO. Maflachufetts, N of Pittsfield 6 miles.
It has two quarries of marble, and con-
tains 1443 inhabitants,
Lanfinburgb, (city,) in the townfhip of
Troy; RenlTalaer co. N. York, is very
pleafantly Tituated on the £ bank of
Hudfon's R. oppoiite one of the mouths
of the Mohawk, and contains about ajo
dwelling houfes, a brick church, the
joint property of the Dutch and Prefby-
tcrian congregation, a court houfe,gaol,
and an academy, incorporated in 1796.
Here is a Library company which was
incorporated in 1775. It is a veryflour-
ilhing place, fituatcd pn a plain at the
foot of a hill, from the top of which is a
mod delightful profpetSt. A few years
ago there was but one ftage between this
town and Albany ; in 1796 ao dages
daily paflcd and repaded between the
neighbouring towns of Laniinburgh,
Troy, Watcrford, and Albany ; it is 9
miles N of Albany, 3 above Troy.
Lapii Lazuli, a fmall rock furrounded
with and aln^od covered by the fea on the
coad of Nova Scotia. It is about a miles
from Monano tdand, and (hews the paf-
fage into St. John's riyer.
La Plate. See Paraguay.
Large Xoct, lies on the S bank of Ohio
R. in the tratft called Indiana, and near-
ly oppoiite the mouth of Muflcingum R.
Large JJland, one of the laxged iflands
on the L;ibrador ?oad, due W of the
mouth of Shecatica Bay.
Large IVhittJlene Lake, in N. America,
between lat. 66 and 67 N, and between
Ion. 117 and ii8 W, is about 40 miles
long. A dream from the N W part of
this lake, it is faid, is the main branch
of Copper mine river.
Laricaxat, a province of La Paz, and
audience of Charcas in Peru. It lies adja-
cent to the territories of the jurifdi»aion
tAU
LAvr
•f Lapas, and to the N uf that city, ex-
tending ii8 leagues frbm £ to Wand
•bout 30 from N to S. It abounds in
gold mines, the metal of whicli iit of fo fine
a quality, that itt ftandard is 23 carats
and 3 grains.
ItjtacuHga, AJpehh o/", the firft jurifoic-
tioi> S of that of Quito. The word aj^enta
iinplies a place lei's than a tovrn, but jarg-
er than a villiige. It (landi ot) a widia
plain, having on its euft fide the caftern
Cordillera of tlie Andes, from which pro-
jedts a very high mountain ; and ift a
fmall dlflaiice from its foot is fituated
Latacunga, in 55 14 30 Slat. 0;i its W
fide is a river, which 'ui fometimes forda-
ble, but generally pafled over a bridge.
This afliento is large and regular, the
ftreecs br jad and ftraiglit, the lipul'es of
(lone, arched, and well contrived, one
I^ory high. This precaution the inhab-
itants were taught to obfcrve by a dread-
ful deflrucSlion of all th^ building, on the
aoth of June, 1691;. Out of 000 ftone
houfes, which the aiCento then contained,
only a part of one, and the Jefuit's church,
were left Handing, and mo(^ of the inhab-
itants were hurFed in the ruins. The
(lone of which the houfes and chtirches
are built, is a kind of pumice, or fpon^y
l^one, ejeAed fron> volcanoes ; which have
fom^ed inez):^auflible quarries in the neigh-
bourhood. It is fo light, that it will fwin^
in the water, and from its great porofity,
the lime cenjents the dilFerebt pieces very
ftrongly together. This jurifdic^on con-
tains 1 7 principal villages- The air of
the afliento is colder from the place being
only 6 leagues from the mountain of Co-
topaxi ; which as it is npt lefs in height or
extent than thofe of Chimborazo and
Caymburo, fo, Uke them, it is covered with
ice and fnow. The villages are populous ;
fuch as are feated i(i the vallies are hot,
thofe in the plains temperate, whilfl thofe
which border on the mountain, like that
of the affieqto, are cold, aiid fometimes to
an exceflive degree- Tlie inhabitants
amount to about 11,000, chiefly Spaniards
and Meftizoes. Great quantities of pork
are falted here .and fent to Quitq, Guaya-
quil, and Riobamba, being highly valued
for the peculiar flavour given it ip the
pickling. The manufaiSturcs are thofe of
cloth, baize, and tucuyos. The inhabit-
ants of Pugili, and Saquifili, are noted
for making earthen ware, highly valued
all over the province of Quito. Th6 clay
of which they are made is of a lively red,
rpQ7,rkabl7 tWi eiQittiqg a kind 01 frag-
raney, and the workmanfliip very Be»(
and ingenious.
Laurel Mountain, A t°ange of mountain^
wellward of the Alleghany ridge, and
a part of v\rhat is called the Alleghany
Mountains. It extends from Feniifylvaul*
to N. Carolina, anil gives rife to I'cvcral
branches of the Ohio R. I'he great Kan-
haway breaks through the Laurel Kidgft
in its way to the Ohio, in N lat. 38 30, W
Ion. 81 19. In a fpur of this mountain,
about lat. 36, isa fpringof ^ater, 50 feet
deep, very cold, aiid, it is faid, as blue as
itidigo. i'he lands within a fmall dilbnce
of the Laurel Mountain, through which
the Yougliiogany runs, are in many placet
broken and Aony, but rich and well tim-
bered ; and in fome places, and particu-
larly on Laurel Creek, they are rocky
and moi^ntainoits. From the Laurel
Mountain to Monqngahcla. the firft 7
miles are good, level, farming lands, with
fine meadowi ; the tin^ber, white oak,
chefnut, hickory, &c.
f4itioreiiee Rhur and Gji/, 5/. St. Law?
rence is one of the largeft rivers in N,
America. It ifliies from Lake Ontario,
forming the outlet of the long chain of
great lakes, which feparate U. Canads
from the United States. From Lake
Ontario to Montreal it has thp name of
Iroquois, and taking a northeaft courf*
embofoms the ifland of Montreal ; juft
I above which it receives Ottawa or Grand
j R. from the W, and forms many fertile
1 iflands. From Montreal it aflumes the
I name of St. Lawrence* and continuing
the fame cqurfe pafles by Que'^ec, and
meets the tide upwards of 400 miles froni
the fea, and is fo far navigable for large
vpflels. Having received in its courl'e
befide Ottawa, St. John's Seguina, Def-
praires, Trois Rivieres, and innumerabl{(
other fmaller ureanis, it falh into the
ocean at Cape Rofieras, by a mouth about
90 miles broad, in which is the illaud of
Anticofti. In its courfe it forms a great
variety of bays, harbours, and i/lands
many of them fruitful 4nd extremely
pleafant. The St. Lawrence may be
claffed with the moO noble rivers in
the world ; its waters flow aoco miles be-
fore they reach the ocean : the commer-
cial advantages from fuch a fituation in-
creafe in proportion to the population of
its banks. The Indian trade, in a great
meafure, takes its current down the St.
Lawrence, particularly fince veflelsofa
confidcrabls fize are conflantly building
Smyth.
Z,awraift,
■ ■i-i'
for the navigatioa of the lakes.
L£B
LEE
m
m
k
i&<
/^wrnee, fll. a county of N. Vork, in tha
K \V corner of the ftatc, on the S E bank
f)f St. I,awrcnce R. iuterfetSled by a num-
h<-r of coiiilderable river*. It is divided
into the townfhips of MafTcna, Madrid,
Lifbon, and 01wc'g<itchie, in which lad
are the lake and river of the fame name.
C'rafs, Racket and St Kegin river*, pa's
tlirough tht northern part of this county
into the St, Lawrence.
L<iiin-us, a diftridl of S. Carolina, lying
between F.noree and Saluda river*. It is
about ,^1 miles long, and 21 broad, and
contains ia,8o(^ inhabitants, i<;i9 of whom
arc Haves.
Laurens Court Hotifty in the above CO. is
20 miles froii) Bufli R. 34 from Newbury
court houfe, and 40 from Greenville.
Here is a port office.
La'Mrrnccy Fort, is a little abovc the
crofling place of Tufcarawas, a branch of
Mulkingum river.
Laiurrnce Totun, a thinly r^-ttled agri-
cultural to'vnfliip,afcw miles to the eaft-
ward or Halifax in Nova Scoda.
Liurent of the Mine, St, a fettlement in
tlie Ifland v)f St.DomingQ,ncar the Spanifli
capital, St. Domingo. It (lands in the
pl.KJu wlicre the capital was firft founded,
Oil .'le E fide of the Ozama, and about a
yii irtsr of a league from its confluence
•with the Ifabella. It can only be conlid-
cred as a dependency on St. Domingo,
and contains 300 inhabitants, all free ne-
groes, forming a cure. It was formed in
^7^3* byiiS runaway French negroes,
•who being fent down to the bay of Ocoa
to be fhipped off, the Spaniards attacked
the efcort, and gave arms to the fugitives,
maintaining that they were free men.
Lc-wunai Hannoci, a Moravian fettle-
ment nearly oppofite Gofhgoniink, on
Alleghany R. and 20 miles N E of Fort
Franklin.
Lazaruj, Archipelago ef, St. See De
Fonte.
Lcacect, a townfliip in Lancafter coun-
ty, Pennfylvania, containing zozz inhab-
itants.
Leajburgb, the chief town of Cafwell co.
N. Carolina. It contains a court houfe,
ga^l, and a few houfes.
Lebanon, a poll town in York co. Maine,
on the E fide of Salmon Fall river, 100
miles N of Bofton. It v/as incorporated in
1767, and contained in 1790, 1175 inhab-
itants. A fpecies of ftone is found here
which yields copperas and fulphur.
Lebanon, New, a picafant village in
Cr<p»aa, N. York, bordering on Pittsfield,
Miflachufetij, fituatcd partly in a *.«?*,
and partly on the declivity of hilli.
The >'. 'J'inal fprings here arc next in
celeb: ity'o thole of llall town, Saratoga.
'I'hr pool t» fituated on a commanding em-
inence, overlooking the valley, and fur-
rounded with a few houfes which adbrd
tolerable accommodations to invalids. The
ftream from thr fpring it fo large, that
a few r d» from it is an excellent grift
mill, 3 Uories high.
Lebanon, a poll town in Windham co.
Conneiflicut, was fettled in 1697. The
foil is equal to almoft any in the State,
and the inhabitants are generally farmers,
many of whom arc wealthy. The thick
fettled part of the town forms a very
wide rtreet, and the houfes arc at confid-
erable diftanccs from each other. Acad-
emic education has been patronized in
this place for above 90 years, greatly to
the honor of the people. I'he river
SJjetucket is formed by the junction of
Willamantic and Mount Hope rivers,
which uniec between this town ancj
Windham. It lies 9 miles Nof Norwich,
and 3Q fouth eaft of Hartford. Inhab-
itants, 365Z.
Lebanon, a port town in Grafton co. N.
Hamp{hire,on Mufcomy river, and on the
E fide of the Connedticut, z mile? below
Dartmouth College. It was incorporated
in 1761. In 1775 it contained 347 inhab-
itants, in 1790, 1 1 80, and in 1800,1574.
See Mufcomy Pond.
Lebanon, a port town of Pennfylvania,
fituated on the S fide of Quitapahilla
creek, in Dai^phin co. About a mile from
the town is the Sufquehanna and Schuyl-
kill canal, which connecSVa this creek with
the Tulpehocken, a branch oftheSchuvl-
kill. l^ebanon contains about 300 houfes,
regularly built, many of which are of
brick and ftone ; a German Lutheran and
aCalvinift church, it is 25 miles E by N
of Harriiburg, 43 E by S of Carlifle, and
8a N Wby W of Philadelphia.
Lee, a fmall (own in Strafford co. N.
Hampfliirc, about li miles N of Exe-
ter. It was' formerly part of Dover and
Durham, and was iiicorporatcd in 1766.
It contains 978 inhabitants.
Lee, Fort, was credled by the Americans
during the late war, on the W bank of N.
river, having the tra<fl called the Engliflj
Neighbourhood on the N, and that called
Hobokei) on the fouthward, in N lat. 40
56, and about 9 miles above the town of
Bergeii. The Americans had aooo men iu
garrifon licre in the late ^Yar, but evacu-
ate4
ttt
tti
Me J it 111 November, 1776, with th£ lol'i of
•heir artillery iuid ^urcs.
Lee, a county of Virginia, in the S W
corner of the fUtc, bounded S by the (late
of N Carolina, and W by Kentucky, it
it of a triangular form, 1 lides being about
60 mile* long, the other about jo. In
this county 11 Powell's rivers running
through Powell's fertile valley ; but a
third part of the county is mountainous.
h containi 3195 free inhabitants, and 343
ilaves. At the court houfe is a poft office.
Chief town, JonefviUc.
Lee, a to>vnfliip in Berkfliire co. MafT
Chufctts', 5 hiil«8 S of Lenox, 4 £ uf Stoci
bridge, and 140 W of Bodon ; was inn
poraied in 1777, and contains 1367 inhau
itants. Houfatonick river runs foutlierly
through this town.
Leeds, a town in the caftern part Af
Gloucdler co. N. Jerfey, 4 miles W of
the mouth of Mullicus river.
Leedr, a village of Richmond ca Vir-
ginia, on the N bank of Rappahannock
river ; 14 miles E by S of Port Royal,
40 S Eof FredericfclbttTg, and 70 N E of
Richmond. Near Leedftown it a famous
courfe for horfc racing.
LeeJr, a town in Kennebeck co. on the
E bank of Amerefkoggcn riVcr, oppufite
the mouth of 10 miles dream, in the town
of Turner, in Cumberland co.
Leeds County, U. Canada, is bounded on
<hc E by the county of Grenville, on the
S by the river St. Lawrence, and on the
W by the boundary line of the late town-
fhip of Pitrfburgli, running N until it
kuerfedh the Ottawa or Grand river ;
thence defcending that I'ivcr until it meets
the Nwefternmoft boundary of the county
of Grenville. The county of Leeds com-
prehends all the iflands in' the river St.
Lawrence near to it. The greater part
•f it lies fronting the St. Lawrence.
Smyth.
Leeds To-wnjhip, in the county of Leeds,
h the rath townftiip in afcendingthe river
St. Lawrence. Ft is watered by the Ga-
nanoque river, which has a good harbour
at its entrance. Here' is a port of entry
on the W bank of the Gananoque, near its
nouth in the St. Lawrenc«.
Leedjton, a poft town of Wefttnorelartd
CO. Virginia, 105 miles from Wafliington.
Leefooga, one of the Friendly iflands^ in
the S. Sea. It was vifited by Captain
Cook, in 1776, who cohiiders it, in fome
rcfpedks, fupeior to Anamooka. The ifl-
and is fituated near Hapaec^ iua4 ln 4bout
% miles long and 3 broatl. ' ~ —
Litjhurg, a poft town of Maryland, ay'
miles from FrcderickAown.
Leejburg,z. poft town of Virgina, anil
capital of Loudon co- It is lituatcd 6
miles S W of the Patowmuc, and 4 S o£
Goofe Crick, a branch ot that river oti
the great road leading from Philadelphia
to the lbuthward,aud on the leading road
from Alexandria to Bath. It contains
dbout 6c houfes, a court houie, and gaul.
It is" iO miles from Salifljury, 3a from
Shepherdftown, ao from Iredcrickftown
in Maryland, 46 N W of Alexandria, and
64 KS !•: ot Winchcllcr.
Lees Ijhiil, in Patowmac river, in Fair-
. X CO. Virginia, about a miles S E of
Thorp.
Leek, a itm\\ ifhnrf Of Pennfylvatti.i, in
Delaware river.
Lee'ward ljlands,> See W. Indies.
Lehigh, or Lata, a river Which rifcs in
Norihrtmpton co. Pennfylvania, about at
miles Eof Wyoming Falls, in SuiqiHlun-
na river, and taking a circular coimI'c,
palfing through the Blue Mountains, imp-
ries into Delaware river on the S lido of
Eafton, II miles N£ of Bethlehem. Ft
rtins about 75 miles, and is navigiiblc 30
miles.
Le Grand, a confiderable river of the
rtate of Ohio, which riles within a few
miles of the W extremity of Lake Erie,
and purfuing a N N W courfe for nearly
loomiles, thence turning to the W, emp-
ties info Lake Michigan. It is about 250
yards wide at its confluence with the lake.
Le Guira, a corruption of La' Guayra,
which fee.
Leicijtcr, a townflijp in Addffon co. Ver-
mont, iituated on theElide of Otter Creek,
havingjaainhabitants. GrcatTrout Pond,
or Lake, is partly in this town, and partly
in Salilbury on the N. This town was
granted 0<a. 20, \^(>t.
Leicijler, called by the Indian natives
Toivtaid, is a confiderable poft town in
Worcefter co. Maflachufetts, containing,
1 103 inhabitants. It is fituated upon
the poft road from Bofton to Hartford, N.
York and" Philadelphi a, 6 miles W of Won-
cefter, and 54 W by S of Bofton ; bound-
ed N by Paxton and S by Oxford. It
was fettled in 1713, and incorporated
in 1 730 or 1721. There are three meet-
ing houfcs here for Congrcgationalifts,
Anabaptifh, and Quakers ; who live ia
harmony together. I'he Leicefier Acade-
my was incorporated in 1784, and is well
endowed. Wool cards are manufadlureil
here to th« afiAUjl amount oS isfioo pairs.
•^:r
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IMAGE EVALUATION
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Photographic
Sciences
Corporation
23 WEST MAIN STRUT
WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580
(716)872-4503
//
ttmlf^an, a poji Mwn» Yotk cd Mais^i
Cio mileii N £ froih Wafliingtpn.
JLemit^tm, a toWhJliip in Mex cq, Vei;-
inont, on the W bank of Connfdticut
Hver, vtid near thfe N £ cpmer of the
$ta^e. The Great Mopadnock moui-
tain U m this town. It contains 51 ia-
habitants.
/^ Mairf. See Mairt. ,
litm^tr, an inconfiderablii toiirnihip ill
Cheflurie co. N. Hampfliire. It wai in*
cqrporated in 1761. In 1775 it contain-
ed ia8|iax79o, 414, andin 1800, 7^9 in-
habitanti.
. Ltniiry i CO. df I^evjrberii diftriA> N.
CifolLil'li furrounded by Olafgdw, Craves,
Jone^i and Dauphin It contains 3898
tree; phabiutnti, and 14^7 flayes. Chief
town, Kin^oti.
LenoXf the fliirii tOTtrn erf Berkfliire cO.
I^aflachufett*. It is a pieafant and thriv-
ing town, and has a court houfe and gaol.
Houfatonick nver paflbs through the
town. It lie* W of Wafliington, S of
Pittsfield, 17 milcf fouth ^efkerly of Chcf-
ter, and 145 miles N of Qodon. Inhabit-
«nts 1041, and has a poft office.
Lenox Caple, a poft town, Rockingham
CO. N. Carolina, 390 miles from Wafhing-
ton.
Leogaiie, May if, called alio BighU or
&te of Leogane, ahn Cut de i^ac of Leo-
gine, at the W *nd pf the ifland of St.
omingo, is formed by two peninfulas.
It opens between Cape St. Nicole at the
W end of the N peniofula, and C>pc
Dame Marie, the N W point of the S pen-
infula, 45 league) apart. At the bottom
of the bay are thetilands Qoiiave.and on
the N lide of the S peninfula the ifles Ref-
fif and Caymite. It embofomt a vaft
number of fine bays. The chief bays,
toirns and ports from Cape St. Nicholas
round to Cape Dame Marie are La Plate
Yorme, or the Platfonn, Gonaives, St.
Marc, Montrouis, Archahaye, Port au
Prince, Leogane, Ooave, Miragoane, Pet-
it, T rou. Bay of Batadairi cs. Bay of Durot,
Jeremie, Cape Dame Marie, &c. Trou
Bordit, at the head of which is Port au
Prince, is at the extremity of the Bay of
JLeogane eaftward, 60 leagues E of Cape
Dame Marie, and 51 S £ of Cape St.
Nicholas.
frngmtti. fea port town in the French
part of the ifland of St. Domingo, fituatcd
on the N fide of the neck of the S penin-
fula ip the bay or bite of Leogane, at the
head of a fmall bay which fets up £ from
Ih* b»7 of Gr^nd Goave, 4 leagues N £ of
' ^ tEC>
the town of that name, 6} N ofj'tcmels
8 N W of Cayesde Jacme!, 9 W by S of
Portau Prince, and6i leagues S £ of
Petite Gonave iflan4t. N lat. 1 8 30, W Ion.
from Paris 75 %. It Is ad .agreeable,
pieafant, and commercial pl..ce. The
iixportsfromjan;!, i789,toDec 3iofth9
ame year, were 895,87 ilb«. white fugar,
7,o79,iOjlbs. broMnfugari i,93a,9jalbs.
coffee, 139,88 7lb8. cotton, and 4,96olbs.
indigo. T|te duties on the exportation
of the above, a6,i 03 dollars 70 cents.
LeominJIer, a pofl town in Wprcefter co<
IMaffachufetff , 7 miles N by W of Lan-
cafter, 20 S £ of 'Winchendon, 46 we(W
trardofBoQpn, 19 N of WprceAer, and
ao S of Marlborough, in New Hampfhire,
has a priitting office and feveral neat
buildingi. I'his townfliip was. taken
from Lancaftcr, iacorpo|-ated in 1740,
andieont^ps i486 inbabitaiits. On the
different (lream< which pafs through the
toyfn are' a grift mills, 5 faw mills, an oil
mill, and clpthiers works, very excellent.
About 200,000 bricks are annually made
here. The manufatSure of combs is alfo
carried on to great perfeAion and profit.
Leominjler Gorei adjoining contains i^ iiw
habitants.
Letn, a river whi&h f^IIs into the Gulf
of Metico from the N W at the bay of Sc
Bernard.
Leon^ Netv, a popuh)us kingdom of
New Spain, in N America, ii^ wW^ ^*
feveral filver mines.
JLeqn, a, town of the province of Paim«
CD, in Mexico. It has rich mines, and
lief 30 leagues N of Mechoac^, and j j
N W of tha city of Mexico.
Leon de Carauu^St. a city, the capiul of
the province of the Caracas, I}t^ated on
a river, about 6 leagues S fr«nn the coaft;
enclofed by mountains. The valley ii|
which it (unds is a fevannah, wfcll >f aterr
ed and very healthy, about 3 leagues long
and I broad in the middle, the only en-
trance into which it through a crooked
and fteep road. The city is near a mile
long ; the houfes handfomc and well fur-
nilhed ; the ftreets regular, ftraight and
broad,cuttins each other at right angles^
and terminatmg in a magnificent iquarf
in the cent;-e. It copti^ms about 4 or
5,000 inhabitants; moft of whom are
owners of cocoa plantaticms, which laor
I j/x>o negroes cultivate in the rich val-
lies, which is almofi the only cohivatioa
they have.
Letn di NiearapM., a town of N. Amer-
ica io New Spain, aod ix> the province of
Nicaragua ;
Nicarigi
and a bii
buccane(
army wJ;
foot of
und 0CC9
of about
JBOuafter
k. At
v-hich eb
30 miles 1
2J,Wlor
Leonara
and the c:
on the i
where it
from its m
tains aboi
gaol. It
SbyE ol
of Port T(
ddphia.
Lefttrt 1
TJie iiihab
to Bougaiu
of two (
Tlieir lips
and fume ,
they are fir
al devoured
ed the difc<j
llieofLepet
ihey were ;
men. Tl
their waifl
their childi
icarf. T
iwftrils; ai
JLe Roach
ands ; dir«)
Let Cayu
of the Frcai
mingo, cor
itbuiuianee
't» exports
from Janua
f»me year,
s" ; 34..?
,",oa5,6o4lb
1 69.305 lbs.
the value ol
duties paid
>oi,.sa8 dol
Cjyes lies b
aud Cavailh
f«« up to tjl
t is about „
northerly of
^^ lou. fiom
LettKritnn^,
Vet. \,
LET -
L^W
^ by S of
S E of
o.Wlon.
erceable,
.. The
3ioftho
Ite fugar,
j4,95alb».
4,9601b*.
portatioo
ents.
rcefter co«
I of Lan-
46 wcft-
:efter, and
[ampihire,
eral neat
nm. taken
in 1740.
On th«
lirougtf tht
(liUs, an oil
^ excellentt
isiUy mads
qibi it aUo
and profit,
tains ^^ >&'
to the OuU
ke bay of St.
ingdoin of
Vnich vt
:^ of Pamn-
rajnfs« and
:^, and jj
le capinJ of
0t^ated oi>
m the coaA(
e valley 11^
wpllvfaterr
leagues long
( only en-
a crooked
n^ar a mile
nd well fur-
ftratght ani
ight angles,
cent fquarf
about 4 *>'
whom arf
which laor
[he rich val-
cnhivatioa
l>fN- Amer-
I province of
tllcaragua ;
NicarlguB ; the refidehce Of a govarbor,
and a bifliop's fee. It was taken by the
buccaneers in 1685, in (ight of a Sp<fnifli
army who were 6 to i ; is feated at tiie
foot of a mountain, which is a volcano,
und occaficns earthquakes. It confids
of about 1000 houfes, and has feveral
i;aoua(lerie> and nunneries belongii^ td
it. At one end of the town is a lake
%vhich ebbs and flows like the fea. It is
30 miles from the South Sea. N lat. 11 '
aj,W Ion. 8810.
Leonari^oivn, a pod town of Maryland,
and the capital of St. Mary's co. is iituated
on the £ fide of Britton's brook, juft
where it falls into Britton's Bay, 5 miles
from its mouth in the Patowmac, and con-
tains about 50 houfes, a court houfc, and
gaol. It is 113 miles S of Baltimore, 62
S by E of Upper Marlborough, 30 S E
of Port Tobacco, und ^l^ S W of Phila-
delphia. N lat. 3818.
Lepmrs' IJlund, one of t\\i Nn-w Hebrldei.
The iuhabitantti of this i<land, according
to Bougaiuville's account of tliero., " are
of two colours, black and mulatto.
Their lips are thick, their hair frizzled,
and fume have a kind of yellow wool \
they are fmill, ugly, illmade, and in gener-
al devoured by the leiirofy, wliich occafion-
ed the difcovercr Bougainville to call it the
JJle of Lepen : few women were feen, but
they were altogether as difguftlng as the
men. They go naked, hardly covering
their waifts with a mat." Tliey carry
their children on their backs in a kind of
fcarf. They wear ornaments iu their
noflrils ; and have no beards.
Le Roach IJlunJ, is near Jraukland's Id-
ands ; diftovered in 1657.
Let Cayit, a jurifdic^lun on the S fide
of the French part of the ifland of St. Do-
mingo, contain} 4 parilhcs, and yields
jtbunJ.ince of fugar, cotcon, and cotfle.
Its exports fron\ the town Lef Ciiyes
from January i, i/Sc^, to Dec. 31, oi the
fame year, were 1,59 7,666ibr. whitrc fu-
gar ; a4,5j6,o.';olb;i. brown fugar ;
:„oa5,6o4lbi*. coffee ; 855,44 jibs, cotton ;
''»9i305lh3. indigo; and fmall articles to
the value of 8».«6 livres. 'i'he Vi;luc ol
duties paid ou the above on exportation
)0i,5a8 dollars, 85 cents. The town L,t
Cjyet lies between the villages Torbcck
aad Cavaillon, on the large bay which
fet« up to the ifland Avaclie ; from which
it is about ;, leagues diftant, and 5 leagues
northerly of Point Abaeou. N lat. 18 1 a,
W Ion. from Paris 76 8.
Letti-ritvfiy, a townfljip, Prt-uiIJin co.
Vet. I-. ■ Kk
Pennfylvaiiia. Tt haii 1497 inhab1tjlin«« ' '
/.fwrc//, a townfliip in Hampdiire co<
Maflachufetts, near Connecticut rivcr^ '
and 94 miles Wof Bofton ; incorporated \
in X774, and contains 71 1 inhabitants.
A copper mine has been lound iu this '
totvnthip. '
Ltvi, a point of land in the river St^
Lawrence, oppofitc to the city of <^e- :
bcc.
iw//, IJlt du Forti in the river St. Law*
rence, U.Canada, in frontof tho townfliip '
bf Edwardfburgh. On this ifland are the -'
ruins of a French fortification. '
Lnvis, a town in Effex eo. S W of •
I.cmiiigton,adjaining,in Vermont. It i« "
about 8 miles S of the Canada line.
Lnuh Creci, in Vermont, a fmall ftream '
which falls into L. Chaniplairt at Fcrrif* ;
burg, a little N of I attic Otter Greek;
Letvit'i- 2i<iy. Sec BunJiabU County^
MafTachufetts.
Lc-wifburg, See Lculjlourg.
Liinijlurgt a tt». in Orangeburgh difti idtj •
S.Carolina.
Lfwi/iurf, a port town of N. Carolinai '
and capital of Franklin cO. is on I'ar
river, and contains bccwbcn ao and 30
houfes, a court houl'e and gaoL It is 30
miles N of Raltigh, aj S of V/atrcuton,
56 frorti TarboroiiKh;
Lcvijburg, a poll town, and the chief
tovt-n of Greenbrisr co. Virginia ; on tli<
N fide of Oreciibriar river, contain»
about 60 houfes, a court hoiife and gaol.
It is 250 miles W by N of Richmond,
and 486 W by S of Philadelphia. N lat. ■
388.
Letoijhurg, or Tiifjlctvn, a poft town of
Northumberland co. Pennfylvania ; «>u
the W (idc of the Siifquchanna, 7 miles
above Northumberland. It contain»
about 60 houfcii, and is well Atuated for
carrying on a brifk trade with the N W
part of the State, it is 30 miles E by ^
of Aarhnfburg.
Leivrjiotvn, a poft town in Lincoln co.
Maine, on the E fule of Androfcoggiu
liver, and bounded S \V by Bowdoin. It
has 948 inhabitants, and is 36 miles N
E of Portland.
LetviJloiJun, or Leives, a poft town in
tiui'icx eo. Delaware, rs plcafanjly Iituat-
ed on Lewes creek, 3 <Viilii« above it'*
mouth in Delaware Bay, and as far W
by N of the light houlc on Cope Ucnlo-
pen. It contains a Preft)yterian and
Methodift church, and about 80 hnures,
built chiefly on a ftrect which is more
than 3 miles in Un^th, aad citcn»liui{
W- k
11^-;
i : n
4'*ll-
LtX
lEX
along a creek, which feparatcf the town
from the pitch uf the cape. The iit-
naiioti i.s high, and conunands a full prof-
pe<5t of the light houfe, and the fea.
The court houfe and the gaol arc commo-
dious bui!dings,and give an air oi impor-
tance to the town. The entrance of a
hay, ^titf h i^ crowded witii velFels from
all pa^rlit the world, and which is fre-
quently clofcd with ice a part of the win-
ter feafun, nccefllty fcems to require, and
nature feems to fuggefl, (hould be formed
into a harbour for fliipping. The de-
ficiency of water in the creek, may be
cheaply and eaCly fupplied by a fmall
canal fo as to allurd a pafTage for the
waters of Rehohoth into l.ewes creek,
tvhich would enfure an adequate fup-
ply. The circumjacent country is beau-
tifully diTcrfiiied with hilisi woods,
ftreams and lakes^ forming an agreeable
contrail to the naked fandy beach, which
terminates in the cape ; but it is greatly
infefted with mufquetoes and land flics.
It carries on a fmall trade with Philadel-
phia in the produtftions of tfie country.
A manufacture of marine and glattlxr
fait8,and magnelia, has-been lattly eftab-
liijied here» which is managed by a gen-
tleman fkiiled in the pra(flical knowledge
of cheminftry. It is 113 miles S of Phi-
ladelphia. N l^t: -iS 6, \V Ion. 75 18.
Letviftaivn, the chief and pod town of
Milllin CO. Pennfylvani.1, fituatedonthe
N Ode of Juniatta river, on thCW tide of,
»nd at the mouth of Gillilcoquilis creek ;.
about 33 milet N E of Hurrtingdon. It
it regularly laid out, ".nd contains about
xzo dwelling houfesijaj inliAbitants, a
court houfe and gaol. It was incorpo-
rated in. 1795, and is governed by two
burgeflcs, one high conflahie, a towi*
cleric, and two alliftants. It is ijo miles
W N VV of PhiladclpWa. N lat^ 40 3i, W
loi). 77 33.
Lcivmiaibannel, a town on the Ohifr,
where Chriftain Indians fettledundcr the
earc of the Moravian midionaries.
L'xatutfieitt, a fmall river of Pennfyl-
vania, which rifcs by fevoral branches in
Northampton CO. Pennrylvania, on the E
• fKle of Mount Ararat ; thefe unite about
10 miles from its moulh in Del.iware
river. Its courfe is .S E and E. ft joins
the Dt'lawarc about 174 mile» above Phi-
ladelphia.
l.ixitf^to", a pod town of Virginia, .Tnd
c i;iital of RockSridgc co. It h fitintcd
on tlie pofl.iond from Pliiiruklpliia to
Kcatucky, by way of the wilderncfs, and
about a mile S of the N branch of
James's river. It contains a court houfe,
gaol, and about 100 houfes. The
liiuation of the town is healthy and
agreeable, and the country round highly
cultivated. Lcfs than a mile from the
r.iwn is Liberty Hall Academy, now
Wafliington College, built of ftone, large
enough to contain 40 or 50 (ludents, and"
handlomelv endowed by that diltinguifli-
ed man whofe name it bears. It is 159
miles W by N of Richmond,- jaa from
Philadelphia, and 465 froiti' Dantillc in
Kentucky.
Lexington, a port town of Kentucky,
and formerly the metropolis of that ftatc.
It is iituatedon a rich extenfive plain, in
Fayetic co. on the N fide of Town Fork,
a fmall dream which falls into the S
branch of Elkhorn river. It is built on
a regular plan, and conkiiins about 2S^
houfes,. 5 places of public worfliip, a
court honfo and- gaol. It contains an-
' Univerfity, a* duck fatflcry, 3 fad-rics
for cordage, feveral do. for nails, a ma-
chines forfpining cotton, one of which
has 168 fpiudlesi a fadlory for weaving,
a (M-intir.^ oiBccc, which publifli two
w'eWy gazettes ; hai» feveraf dores of
goods well aflbrted, an4is a fionrifhing,'
agreeable place. It is fituated-in the
midd of a fine tftitft of country, on the
headwaters of Elkhorn river, 34 miles
E of Erankforr, and 774 S W by W of
Philadelphia. U has 1795 inhabitants,
among whom are a number of genteel
families. N lat. 35 6, W loH^ 85 8. Near
this town are found curious fepulchres
full of human fkeletons. It has been af-
ferted that a man in- or near the town,
having dug J or 6 feet helow the furface
of the ground, came to a large dat done,
under which was a well of common
depth, regularly and artificially doned.
In the vicinity of I.exington are found'
the retnains oftwo ancient fortifications,
furnillied with ditches and badions, over-
grown with large trees.
Lexington, a' \io^ town, Rowan co. N.
Carolina, 399 miles from Wafliington.
Lexington, a CO. in Orangeburg didritT",
S, Carolina.
Lexington, formerly called the Great
Falls, a fmall pod town of Georgia, fituat-
cd on the S fide 01 Ogeechee river on a
beautiful eminence which overlooks tiif
fi^lls of the river. It is a miles from
Georgetown, and 30 from Grecnlborougli.
/./Y. ■.;,;/;, 7, :v town in Middlcfex co.
Mallachufctts, 1 1 miles N W of Bodon,
bavins
feiring a ne
8 number
^ccn rend
fought in it
be conhden
the Amcric
ihip contaii
incorporatC(
•*'herc the I
monument ;
iblloiving inj
and the rigl
^om and ind
and dcfendei
This monun:
itants of Lc^
and at the ei
<of Maffachul
fellow citizei
JMefl'rs. Jon;
Jonathan Ha
Harrington :
top, and AI
who fell on ti
the fword of
fion.on the m
bic niucteentl
Tht
The blood of
of God and th
of the Union j
nies, and gave
iirmnefs ant
citizens."
Leydtn, a po
Jjomilcslfl
Liyden, a't<
Maffachufctts
Bernarddon, a
the fliire town
Jt was incorp
tains 1095 inh
Lezart, an Ii
between tht n
bafli rivers,
tiors.
Liberty, a pi
miles from Ne
cadJe, 40 fro
6.T from Mai
chief town of
a handfome c
JO or 60 houfei
Liberty, a cot
N by Brian, S I
maha, N E by
long, %% broad
raifed here. A
bufliels of corn,
the tt^ ia the
I, J B
Jinving a neat Congregational church, and
a iiumlier of coinpacl houfes. It has
^cen rendered Tamous hy the battle
fought in it, April 19, 1775, which may
be cunfidcrcd as tlic commenccmcat of
the American revolution. This town-
iliip contain^ 1006 inhabitants, and was
incorporated in 171a. On the ground
^herc the battle was fought is a flone
monument 10 feet liigh,on which is the
ioilowing infcription. "Sacred to Liberty
and the rights of Mankind ! ! I'lie free-
dom and iudependenee of America ftraled
and defended with the blood of her funs.
This monument is creiiilcd by the inhab-
itants of Lexington, under the patronage,
and at thcexpenfe of the Comnwnwealth
/Of Maflachufetts, to the memory of their
fellow citizen* : Enfign Robert Munroc,
iAe&'n. Jonas Parker, ^muel Hadicy,
Jonathan Harrington, Ifaac Mvzzy^Caleb
Harrington and John Broun, of Lezing-
too, and Afahcl Porter, of Wnburn ;
who fell on this field, the firft vidbims to
the fword of Britifli tyranny and opprei-
£on,on the morning qf.the ever memgra-
blc nineteenth of April A. D. 1 7 75.
The die was Call ! 1 !
The blood of thefe martyrs, in the eaufe
of God and their country, was the cement
of the Union of thefe States, ihcn colo-
nies, and gave the fpring to the fpirits,
Jrmnefs and refolution of their f(.Uuw
citizens."
Leyden, a pofl town, Oneida co.N.York,
530 mites li'E from Walliington.
Ltgden^ IPtownfhip in Hampfhirc co.
JMafTachufetts, between Colerain and
Bernarddon, 29 miles from Northampton,
the ihire town, and 100 N W of Budon.
It was incorporated in 1784, and con-
tains 1095 inhabitants.
Lezarty an Indian nation, who inhabit
between the mouth of the Ohio and Wa-
bafli rivers. They can furniih 300 war-
liors.
Liberty, % port town of Virginia, 15
miles from New London, 35 from Fin-
cafbJe, 40 from Franklin court lioufe,
6.f from Martinfburg. This is x\\t
chief town of Bedford county, and has
a handfome court houfe, and eontaink
^0 or 60 houfes.
Liberty, a county of Georgia, bounded
N by Brian, S by Macintofli, W by Alata-
maha, N E by the ocean. It is 40 miles
lonjT, %% broad. Cotton and riee arc
raifed here, An acre produces aj or 30
bufliels of corn. The inhabitants were
the iSrll in the (latCi who declared for
Liberty, and fcnt a delegate to the con-'
grefs at Philadelphia ; licncr the name
of the county. It is divided into 5 towns
and contains 5313 inhdhitants, of whoni
3940 are in flavcry. Odd as it may ftcm,
(lavcry c xiib in Liberty county.
Liberty, a port town of Maryland, lit-
uatcd in Frederick co. 12 miles N £ of
Frederickftown, and iibout 44 NN W of
the Federal City. Copper mines liavc
been found near this town, and have
been worked ; but to xio great extent at
yet.
Litclttnau, a Moravian fcttlcmcnt on
the E fide of Mufltingum river, 3 mile*
below Giifchachguenk ; but as the wat«
riors pafTcd conftantly through this place,
it was forfaken, and they rcmovtd to Sa-
lem, 5 miles below Gnadenhuettir..
.^;Vi, aname by which i'uit fprings arc
called in the wcftern parts of tJie Unittd
States. See Big Bone Lid.
Lit:ting, a navigable river of Kentucky,
which rifts on the weftcrn confines rl
Virginia; interlocks with the head waters
of Kentucky river ; runs in a N \V di-
recSliitn, upwards of 180 mile's, and by a
mouth 150 yards wide through the 8
4}aok of Oliio river, oppofitc Fwrt Wafli-
ington. Upon this river are iron works,
aud numerous fait fpriugs. Its principal
branch is navigable nearly 70 miles.
From Limeflonc to this river, the country
is very rich, and covered with cane, ryc-
grafs, and natural clover.
.Ligonier, Fort, lies on the road from
Philadelphia to Pittfburg ; 266 oiiles
from the former and j4 from th«* latter,
and 9 miles troni the £ fide of Laurel
Hill.
LigotitoH, a poll town of Amelia co Vir-
ginia, 202 miles from WaOiington.
Liguanea, mountains in the idand of
Jamaica. At the foot of thefe in St. An-
drew's pariHi, about 6 n\iles from King-
fton, is the moll magnificent botanical
garden in the world. It was eftabliflied
in J773, under the fandtion of the afTem-
bly. The fortune of war having thrown
into Lord Rodney's hands many rare
plants, he prefentcd to his favoured i^
and plants of the genuine cinamnn, the
mango, bread fruit, and other oriental
pradu(5tions ; which are now become
common in the ifland. See CoU Spring
Lilly Point, Kiug William co. Virginia*
Here is a port olTice, 134 miks from
■y^afliington.
Lima, the middle dlviflcn of Pern, ia
i^ Aiaerica. It hat Quito N, the inouu>
uinc
!!l
\ .-,'
m
'-mu
ii
LIM
LIU
tain* called Amlci E, the audience of Los
Charcot S, and the Pacific ocean W.
'I'here arc many wild hearts in the audi-
ence.
Lima, the capital of Peru, in S. America,
i» alio called Los Reyes, or the City of
Kings, and is the emporium of this part of
the world. It was founded by Don Fran-
cifco Pizarro on the i8t!i of January,
^5M! ; is Tituated in alargc,fp;icious, and
fertile plain, called the valley of Rimac,
ofi the S fide of the. river Rimac, which
runs wertward. M'he lameofLima being
«)nly a corrupt pronunciation of the Indian
word, which is derived from an idol to
which the Indaas and their Yncas ufed
to facritice. I'his idol '.-•einij; fuppofed to
retUiTH anrwcrj to the pvaycis offered to it,
they cidled it, by way of ^iftindlion, Ri-
mac, i. e. the fpeaker. It is fo well w.iter-
ed by the river Rimec, that the inliabit-
ants command a ftrc-m, each for his own ■
life. The N fide of tlie town runs nearly
clofeto, the river for the length of about
lo furlongs. At about j of this fpace,
from the weftern extent, an elegant ftone
bridge of 4 or 5 arches is built acrofs the
river leading S, about 200 yards to the
great fqunre, of which the fide is. about
140 yards. The ftreet contLnues S from
the bridge, for near a mile, having parallel
ftreetsi 8 to the W, and 6 to the E, bcfide
other flreets which run obliquely S eaft-
ward. The 15 fWets, running N and S,
are croffed by 8 others, running E and
W, beficlei I'evcral to the foathward, not
parallel to. the former, and others in the
eaUem. parts, which have different direc-
tioas. The figure of the town is nearly
quadrilateral. A diagonal line nmning E
and W, would be 18 furlonga in length ;
and the fouthern perpendicular, about 7
furlongs, and the northern about 4 fur-
longs ; fo. that the city (lands on a fpace
of ground, nearly equal to a mile and a,
<juarter fquare. The northern fide for
about .1 quarters of a mile neit the river,
is fortiiied moftly by redans ; the reft of
the circuit is enclofetl with ^4 hollow baf-
tions and their intermediate curtains.
The whole is faced with a brick wall, and
furrounded with a ditch, but has no cover-
ed way, glacis nor outwork-Si. Eight gates,
befide ti>;it a'' the bridge, furnilli a com-
munication with tiie adjacent country.
The city (lands about 6 miles from Callao,
which is the feaport to Lima, and i8o N
W of Gunmanga. The white people in
Lima a»e eftimated at about 1,5,000, and
tte whole number of inhabitant* are about
60,000, or .TH.coo according to Pjnkertofl.'
One remarkable fadl is fudicient to de-
monftrate the wealth of this city. When
the viceroy, the Duke de la Palada, made
his entry into Lima, in 1683, the inhabit-
ants to do him honour, caiifed the flreets
to be paved with ingots of (ilver, amount-
ing to 1 7 millions (lerling. All travellers
fpeak with amazement of the decorations
of the churches with gold, lilver, and
precious (loncs, which load and ornament
even the walls. The only Uung that could
jurtify thefe accounts, is the immenfe
riches and extenfive commerce of the in-
habitants. The merchants cf Lima mar
be faid to deal with all the quarters of the
world ; and that both on their own ac-
count, and as fa<ftors for others. Here, all
tl\e produdlions of the (buthcrn province*
are conveyed, in order to be exchangedL
at the harbour of Lima, for fuch articles
an the inhabitants jf Peru ftand in need of.
The fleet from Europe and the £. Indies
land at the fame harbour ; and the com-
modities of Afia, Europe, and America,
are there bartered for each other. But
all ihe Wealth of the inhabitants, all the
beauty of the (ituation, and the fertility
of the climate of Lima, are infufilcient to
compenfate for the dil'ader which threat-
ens, and has fometimes ai^ually bcfallcK
them. Earthquakes are very frequenu
Since the year 158%, there have happen-
ed about 15 cf.ncu(rions, befide that on
the 28th of Odluber, 1746, at half an hour
after 10 at night, 5 hours aMrite quarters
before the full of the moonspwhich be-
gan with fuch violence, that in little more
than 3 minutes, the greatert part, if not all
tbc buildings, great and Cnall, in the whole
city, were dcrtroyed ; burying under their
ruins thofe inhabitants who had not made
fufGcient hafte into the ftreets and fquares,
the only probable places of fafety in thofe
terrible cpnvullions of naluie. At length
the dreadful effedb of the firft (hock ceaf-
ed, but the tranquility was of (hort dura-
tion ; concuflBons returning fo repeated-
ly, that the inhabitants, according to the
account fent of it, computed aco in the
firft 14 hoiirs ; and to the 34th of Febru-
ary, the follawiug year, i747i when the
nhrrative was dated, no left than 450
(liocks were obferved ; fome of which, if
lefs permanent, were equal to the firft in
violence. The fort of Calhio, at the very
fame hour, tumbled into ruing. But what
it fuffcrcd from the earthquake in its
buildings, wa« iiiconfiderable when coin-
pa;cd with the terrible cataftrophc which
followed
LIM
fD!1ow«{]. For the fca, as i» ufual ob fucli
nccaflons, recediii]; to a confidcrable dif-
tance, returned ia mountainous waves,
foaming with the violence of t)ie ngiti-
tion, and fuddenly overwiieimed Callao
and the neighbouring country. This was
not, however, performed by the firft
fuelling of the waves ; for tlie fea retir-
ing further, returned with ftill greater
impetuolity, the ftupendoiis water cover-
ing both the walls and other buildings of
the place ; fo that whatever had tfraped
tlie firft, was now totally overwhelmed
by thofe terrible mountains of waves ;
and nothing remained, except a piece of
the wall of the fort of Santa Crur.as a me-
morial of this terrible dcvaftation. Here
were then 2^ fliips and vcflcis, great and
fmall, in the harbour, of which 19 were
funk, and the other 4, among which was
a frigate called St. Fcrmin, carried by
the force of the waves to a confidcrable
diftance up the country. See Callao,
This terrible inundation extended to
other parts of the coafl, as Cavalloa and
Guanape ; the towns of Cliancay, Guau-
ra, and the valliea Delia Baranco, Sape,
and Fativilca, underwent the fame fate
as the city of Lima. According to an ac-
count fent to Lima nfter this accident, a
volcano in Lucanos burft foith the fame
night, and ejedled fuch quantities (;f wi»
ter, that the whole country was over-
flown ; and in the mountain near Patas,
called Converfiones de Caxaniarquilla, 3
other VoIcaqi||it>burri,dircharging fright-
ful torrents cQwater ; and in the fame
manner as that of Carguayraflb. Lima is
the fee of an archbifliop, and the feat of
an univerfity. The inhabitants are very
debauched ; and the monks and nuns, of
whom there arc great numbers, are no
more chafte than the reft of the in-
habitants. If any one happens to rival
a monk, he is in danger of his life, for
they always carry daggers concealed.
Lima, according to feveral obfervations
made for that purpofe, (lands in lat. i%
431 S, and its Ion. is 75 5 a W. The va-
riation of the needle is 9 i 30 eafterly.
Limit, a village in theN Wpart of the
ifland of St. Domingo, 7 leagues W by S
of Cape Francois.
Lime, a town in Grafton co N. Hamp-
I <hire, on the E bank of Conneiilicut R.
II miles N of Dartmouth College, and
I has 1318 inhabitants.
LimericiySi poft town in York co. Maine,
[near the confluence of I^ittle Oflipee R.
I with Saco,aDd oppoUte Gorham. -It was
LIN
incorporated in 1787, and has 99^' in«
habitants.
Limerict, a townfl>ip in Montgomery
CO. Pcnnfylvani.», has 999 inhHliir;iiit:<.
Limtji'jne Creek, in Teneflce, is the N S
branch of NoKichucky river. It riles z:^
miles S of Long llland in Holfton rivtr.
Limejlone, a pofl town in Kentucky, on
the S (ide of Ohio river, and on the W
fide of th'j mouth of a fmall crtck of its
name. It (lands on a lofty and uneven
bank, and is not fcen from the river until
one is within a miles of it. This is the
uAial landing place for people coming
down ill boats, who mean to fettle in the
upper parts of the Hate; and here the
champaign country on the E fide of the
river begins. It is 4 miles N E of the
town of Wafhington, 45 S W of Fort
Walliington, 44 S W" by S of Bourbon-
town, and 500 miles below Pittlburg. N
lat. 38 40, W ion. 84 T7.
Limin-rton, a town in York CO. Maine,
bounded N and Eby Saco river, 30 miles
N of York.
Limonjde, a village on the N fide of the
French part of the ifland of St. Domingoj
4 leagues S W of fort Dauphine. N lat.
19.37-
Lincoln, a maritime county of Maine ;
bounded N by Kennebcck co. S by the
ocean, E. by Hancock co. and W by that
of Cumberland. Its fea coaft extend;* from
that part of Penobfcot Bay, oppofite to
Deer Ifland caflward, to Cape Small
Point weflward. The population amounts'
to 30,100 fouls. The fea coaft of the
counties of Cumberland and Lincoln Is
100 miles in extent, meafured in aftraight
line, but is faid to be above 200 by the
courfe of the waters. It abounds with
fafe and commodious harbours ; and the
whole fhore is covered by a line of iflands,
among which vefl'els may generally an-
chor in fafety. There are in thefe coun-
ties many large rivers, fome of them nav-
igable far up the country ; and althougk
navigation for large veflcis is interrupted
by falls, when far up the rivers, yet above
the falls, there is plenty of water for
boats, nearlv to the fource of the rivers ;
and by the fakes and ponds and branches
of the rivers, there is a water ccnimuni-
catinn, with few interruptions, frpm the
weftern to the e^tftern bounds, acrofs the
country, above the centre of it. By thi»'
route itsprodudlions may, at a fmall ex-
pcnfe, be tranfportcd to the different fea-
ports. Chief towns, Wifcaflct, Waldo*
borough, »nd Warren.
Liiitila,
m
LIN
t'lHcftn Cannty, U. Canada, ij divided in-
to 4 nJiugs ; the firfl ridir.^ is boftndcd
on the W by the cuunty of York ; on
the S by the Grand River, called the
Oiiie ; thence defccnding th:»t river unt'l
it meets an Indian ro:id icidin}; to the
forks of the Chippewa Crctk, now called
^hc Welland ; thence defccnding that
creek until it meets the late townfltip No.
j ; thence N along the faid hounJ.iry un*
.t,il it interfedls lake Oatar-o ; and thence
along the S fliorc of lake Ontario, until it
.meets the S E l>oiuidaryof the county of
York. The fccond riding is bounded ou
the W by the firft riding : on the N by
; lake Ontario ; on the E by the river Ni-
agara ; and on the S by the northeru
boundary of the late tuvvniliips No. i,
No. 9 and No. lo. The tl\ird riding is
bounded on the £ by the river Niagara ;
on the S by the Chippewa or Welland ;
on the W by the catt^rn boundary oi the
firfl riding ; and on the "H by the foiuh-
^rn boundary of the fccond ridi;)g. The
fourth riding is bounded onahe £ by the
river Ni^^atii ; un the S by lake Erie
to the mouth of the Grand River, or
Oufc ; thence up that river to the road
leading from the Oufe to the forks of the
Chipucva or Welland, and on the N by
'the Uiid road until it ftrikcs the forks of
the Weljand, and thence down the Wel-
I»nd to the river Niiigara. The fourth
i;iding includes the itiands comprifed
vfithio the eafternmofl boundaries of the
^iver Niagara. The whole county is di-
vided into ao town(Iiip3, containing about
<$ooo fouls, and furnifhing 5 battallions
ot militia. Nineteen covered waggons
with families came in to fettle in the vi-
cinity of the county of Lincoln, in June,
J 799.
Lineeh, a county of Morgan diftri«St,
K« Carolina ; bounded N E by Iredell, N
W by Burke, W by Rutherford, apd E by
Caharras. It contains 12,568 inhabitants,
cf whom 1479 are Haves. |iere are min-
eral fprings and mines of iron. A fur-
nace and forge have been cre<Sted, which
carry on the manufatSure of pig, bar
iron, &.C. Chief town, Lincolntown.
L'uicoIh, a CO. of Georgia, formed in
X796, containing 7 townfliips, and 4766
inhabitants, of whom 1433 3''^' 'I'^ves.
LineolntoM, in the above co. has a poft
office, 636 miles from Wafliington.
Zintoluvillf, a town in Hancock co.
Maine, on the W fide of Penobfcot bay,
including the late plantations of Canaan,
Ducktntp, &c. 12 mikl Srota. Bdfaft.
:L I s
Zmm///, a CO. of Kentucky, lioiinded N
by Mercer, N Wby Wailiingtoii, N t by
Madifun, and S by Logan, tt coiitulu*
^SSS inhabitants, of whom 1750 were
Haves, 'i'hc road tiom Danville on Ktii-
lucky river, |)aflcs through it S wchtrly,
and over Cumberland '^untain tu Vir-
ginia.
XiVe/n, a town in Mercer co. Kentucky,
on the E lide of Dick's river, on the road
It is I z mik'k
N \V of Ciab
from Danville, to Virginia.
S f. of Danville, aud 11
Orchard.
Lineoiit, a townfliip in Grafton co. N
ilamplhire, incorporated iu 1764, con-
tains 41 inhabitants.
Lincoln, a townfliip in the N £ part of
Addlion cc. Vermont, it has 97 iiih ibit<.
ants.
LiiKiLtf a townfliip in Middlefcx co.
MuiTachufetts, incorporat.cd in 1754. It
contains 756 inhabitants, and is (6 milet
N W of Boaon.
Lincoln, a new co. of Georgia, Jaid out
in 1796, from Wilkes co. on Savannah
river, between Broad and Little rivers.
Lincolntown, a pod town of N. Carolina,
and capital of Lincoln co. It contains
about 35 or 40 houfes, a court boufe, gaol,
and church. It is 46 miles from Mur-
gantown, 159 fromJSalem, and 718 S by W
of Philadelphia.
Lindley, a village pn the W fide of ths
Canawifque branch of Tioga R. in N.
York, a miles N of the Peun^lvaoia line,
8S WbySofthePaintdBKit, 64 S E
of Hartford, on the roauPRiagara.
Linn, a townfliip in Northampton co.
Pennfylvania, havmg 1 1 64 inhabitants.
JJnneimofiet. See JDelatvares.
Li/ion, a town in N. London co. Con-
ne(5licut, lately a part of Norwich, about
7 miles northerly of Norwich. It con-
tains a pariflies, each having a congrega-
tional church. It lies on the W fide of |
Qiuiicbaug 1^ and £ of Franklin, and hat
Ii68inltabitants.
Z^/ftsn, a village of York co. Pennfylva-
nia, fituated near the S fide of Yelluw I
Breeches creek, which falls into the Suf- {
quehannah. It contains about 15 houiiWi
and lies 18 miles from York.
L'Jlon, in Lincoln co. Maine, (formerly I
part of Bo wdoin, lately Thompfonlbo-
roagh) aj miles W of Wifeaffett.
Ll/li;, a port town in Tioga co. N. York;
a branch of Chenengo R. pafle& through I
this and unites with the Chenengo in th« I
S £ corner of the townfliip. It has the I
town vf Cresflc £, and Uoion S, and I
has 660 inlubita
ington.
Litcb/ielJ, a I
Maine, 4 f miles
N E of Uofton.
LilcbfitlJ, a t<
CO. N. Himpflii
of Merrimack i
«f Portlinouth.
and in 1775 '* '
3J7.and in i8oc
LtUhJi.-lJ, 3 po
Conna^liciitjboii
S by N. Haven a
by Hartford, ar
is divided into a
41.114 inhalijtan
the country is r
'l*he foil is fertile,
wheat and IndiH
fine pafture. It i
•tiaritimc commc
arc almofl univer
Litcljitld, the c
the above co. fitu
pfain.cxpofedtot
Bat enjoys alfo a la
Jng breezes of fun
fituation, contain!
paiadwellihghour
inghoufc,and4i8
"riles W of Hartfi
N. Haven. N lat
111 the S W coriiii
ah high hilj' called"
eral fmalf
to Great
We 3 iron _
beroffawandgrif
Litchfield, a towi
N. Yorlc, taken fr<
incorporated in
habitants.
• ■^'''«ijjO'' LfJita,
L.incaft* CO. Per
W'arwick townflti
fmall flrcam, wl
tlirough Coneftog
^uehanna. It con
chiefly of ftone,
elegant church w
The fettUment wa
inhabited by the
fDodeof life and
tliofe of Bethlehe
good farm andfev(
"ig to the place,
habitants, indudin
Litiz congregation
'■theneighbourhs
hilJ called*
Lit
hai 660 Inlnbitanti, 404 miles froni Wafii-
ington.
LitchfielJ, a townihip in Lincoln co.
Maine, 45 niileit fnim Hailowcll, ;ind 230
N Eof Uoftnn. It hat 1044 inhabitant*.
LiubftU, a townihip in HilWborough
CO. N. Himpfliire, fttuitcd on the E fide
of Merrimack river, about 34 miles W
«f Portfraouth. It wa« fettled in 1749.
and in 1775 it contained 284, in 1790,
3J7,and in i8oo, 372 inhabitants.
Lit^hfi.-lJ, 3 populous and hilly co. of
Connccliciit; bounded Nby Miflachufctts,
S by N. Haven and Fairfield countic«, E
by Hartford, and W by N. York. It
ia divided into 20 towndiips, containing
41,114 inhaBitants. The general face of
the country is rough and itiDuntainous.
'I*he foil is fertile, yielding large crops of
wheat and Indinn corn, and aflTording
ine pafture. It is feparate entirWvfrom
maritime commerce, and the inhabitants
arc almofl univerfally farmer?.'
Lttdjiild, the chief and pofl town of
the above co. fituated upon ah elevated
plain, cxpofed to the cold winds of winter,
Bat enjoys alfo a large fliarc of thfe refrefli-
ing breezes of fummer. It is a handfome
fituation, containing about 60 or yocom-
padtdwellihghoufes, acourt lioufc,amcct-
ing houfe, and 4185 inhabitant*. It is 32
miles W of Hartford, and 42 N N W of
N. Haven. N lat. 41 46, W Ion. 73 37.
Ih the S \V corolr of thetowndiip (lands
ah high hiircallcit Mount Tom. On fev-
eral fmall QMHi*> fome of which fall in-
fo Great F^^E beautiful Hieet of water,
are 3 iroii wVp, an nil mill, and a mtm-
ber of faw and grid mills.
Litchfield, a townfliip in Hcrkemifr «>.
1^. York, taken frotri German Flats, and
hiborporated in 1796. It' has T97S in-
iiabitanta.
Litixtfir LfJitz, i village or town in
LancafuT co. Pennfylvania, fituated in
Warwick towndtip, on the S fide of a
tmall dream, which fends its wr.ttfrs
tlirougb Conedoga creek into the Suf-
^uehnana. It contains about 50 hnufes
chiefly of ftone, a ftone tavern, and an
elegant church with a ftecple and bell.
The fettUment was l>egun in 1757. It is
iahabited by the United Brethren, whofe
mode of life and cuftoms are fimilar to
thofc of Bethlehem. There is alfo a
good farm and fcvcral mill works belong-
ing to the place. The number of in-
habitants, including thofe tliat belong to
Liiiz congregation, living on their farms
i»thcneighbpUrh»od, aoioimted in 1787,
Lir
to tipwards of 300. It is R mile? Jf of
Lancafter.and 66 W by Nof Phil .delphia.
Litlle A(jro/ijuini, Indians who inhabit
nc4r the Three Rivers, and can raife
about 10? warriors.
Liltltb'jrnuj^h, Maine, noW Z.v,/r.
L'lile Britain, a pod i.iwn, Orange c(^
N. York, 294 mile* fron. Wafliinijton.
Little Britiiin, a townQiip in I..tiieadec>
CO. Pennfylvania, having ijOj; inliabit-
ants. Alfo a toxvufliip in Chericr co. in
the fame date.
Z-VrVfiWy^rta, a townfliipinNewportcO/
Rhode Illand, bounded N by Tiverton f
S by the Atlantic ocean, where are Sca-
konnct rocks ; W by the E paQoge into
Mount Hope Bay ; and E by Maflachu-
fetta. It contaiuH 1577 inhabitants. It
was called SfcoHnet or Sciionnrt by the
ludians, and is faid to he the bed culti-
vated townflijiMtrthe date, and adbrd*
greater quantities of meat, butter, chccfc,
vegetables &c. than any other town of
its 4ize. The inhabitants arc very induf-
triouR, and manufai!ture linon and to\ir
cloth, flannel.^, &c. of an ercellent quality
and in confiderablc quantities for fair.
LtHi'e Eirg Htrboyr, a port of entry on .
theE coad of N. Jcrfcy, comprehending
all the fliorcs,bays and creeks from Batn-
cgat Inlet to'Brigantine Inlet, bv)th in-
clufive. Tli€ town of Tuchrton is tlie
port of entry for this didrit!);. See Egg.
Little Fort, in the N.W. territory, dands ,
on the S W bank of lake Michigan, and
on the S fide of Old Fort river, whick
runs a N cadcrn courfe into the lake. See
Little HjrUur, See Pifcataqvir. It '*
near the mouth of Pifcataqua riv ■
about a mile from Portfm<juth» in N,
Hampfhirc. Afettlement was attemptetf'
here in 1623.
Little Xi'frcatiHa. See AfKutlna,
LiH/'e Pelican. See Pelican.
Little River, in Georgia, is a beaiitifuT
and rapid river,and at its confluence vvith
Savannah river, is about jO yards widc>
On a branch of Little river, is the towa
of WrighlJboroiigh. Alfo a river whicik
feparatcs, in part. N. and S. Carolina.
Little Pivcr, a plantation in Kenncbeck
CO. Maine.
Little Rocks, on the N W hank of Illi-
nois river, arc fituated 60 miles from the
Forks, 270 from the Milfifippi, and 4;^ S
Wof Fox river. The S W end of thefc
rocks lifs nearly oppofitc to the mouttt
of Vermillion river, and the ^ fmall pond*
where the Ffcnch and Indians hjjvc made
good
11,1 ■'
I
■r i
•^ !■
liOQ
LON
g(xod fait, lie oppoQte the N H cimI. A coal
ntinc it4lt'a >nilc long, cxtciiJit ulun^ the
tank ut' the river abuvc tlicic rock t.
Little SoJiit, a harbour of L. Ontario,
jS miles S of Ofwego.
Liiiliiui, a pofl towii iki Middlerex co.
MafTachufettk, a8 miles N W of Buiion,
coiltainin;;904 inhabitantH.
LllttetoH, a pod town in Grafton coi N.
llampfliire, (a part of Aplhorpc) wa*
incorporated in 1784, and contains 381
inhabitants. It lies on Conncdlicut riv-
er, below the i| mile Falls, aiid nearly
ufipolite ConcoriS in Vermont.
Littleton, now Water/urd, a townfllip 111
Caledonia CO. Verrtiont, on the W fide of
Connecticut river, oppojite the 15 mile
Talis, and contains 565 inhabitants.
Li<Oermore, a town iu Cumberland en.
Maitie, fituated on both fides of Andro-
Ic'og^Jin tivcr, I9 miles N W of tialiuwcll,
lias 86 j inhabitants. I'hirty mile dream,
which is the outlet of the Amercfkoggeii
crcut ponds, falls into the Great Aincrtf^
koggen riVer on its £ fide in this town.
Liverpce/, a town on the S lide of
the Bay of Fundy, in Queen's co. Nova
titotia, fettled from New England. Rof-
ii^rnol, A eoullderahle lake lies between
this toivn and Annapolis. It is 33 miles
N E sf Shelburne^ and 58 N W of Hali-
fax. It was formerly called Pvrt RaJtanoU.
LivtHgJloH, a l.trge townfliip in Colum-
bta CO. N. York, extending from the E
bank of Hudfon river, to the MaiTachu-
fctts line, S of Hudfon adjoining. It
contains 7405 iuhabitaitts ; of whom
ai.^ arc Haves.
Llvinejions Creel, a confiJerable branch
of N W, an arm of Cape Fear river.
I'his creek heads in vaft fwamps in the
vicinity of the beautiful lake Wauknma.
Livin^on, a co. of Kentucky, bounded
N by the Ohio, W by the Mifli^ppi, S by
TeneiTce. It is 70 miles long, (>:> brqad.
Its principal rivers are the Cumberland
and TcneHee. It contains 2787 inhabit-
ants, 444 of thefe arc (laves.
Loiot, iflands on the coad of Brazil.
Tlte fouthernmofl iflarid is in lat. 6 27 S.
Oncottiiefe iflands obtains the name of
Lobot I't la titer ; the Other, which lies to
the N of it, and very like it in (hapc and
appearance is called Lobet de tierra.
Luie,a. military town in Milton town-
fliip, N.York, in Onondago co. 13 miles
N E of the S end of Cayuga lake. See
Milton.
Loeinrtjitit!^, a town in Luzerne county,
PennfylvAuiiii nruj|ed uo i^a jlthmui
formed by the confluence of the Sufqne-
hiiana and 'I'io^ri rivers, about h mile
above their junClioii. '1 iicre wrrc in
1 796 but tew hotifes built, but it proinifct
to be a place ot impdrtanci', as botlk the
rivcr4 are navigable lOr many miles into
the n^te of N. York. It is 4 miles b of
the N. York liiK, 48 W oi Harmony,
and ^0 above WMkiburre.
Lofiuj' Htlghti, in Adams co. Miffifippi
territory, the barrier poll in the S \V cor-
ner of the Ui States on the £ iide of the
Miflilippi, about 40 irtiles below Natchez
and 1291 from Wafliington. 'J'hc grounds
within the fwecp of the furtificationH are
H fut of pitSturefqut: and beautifully varied
heights, capable of a great diverfity of
fortification, but, high above the reft,
Aauds Mount Wafliington, on which the
citadel will be ci'cdted. This eminence
commands a view whufe circle is at lead
.^o leagues, bifutfled by the Miflil'ippi riv-
fer ; it overlooks, and all but overhangs, a
water battery. Its dillancc from high
ivater mark is 863 feet, and its elevation
above it a9,? fe«t. The river diredUy op-
pofite the fallient angle of the water bat-
tery is 689 yards wide, and line enough
has not yet been let down to difcover its
depth. The plan of thefe works, wheri
complete, will prel'ent the handforacflt
military profpeift ill the United States.
Here is a pod oflice.
Logan, a county in iIml State of Ken-
tucky, containing 4870 Jnnabitants, 730
are flavcs. <MMi
Loif/lown, on the W fid^^Be Ohio, i
of Butlei'sTown, and i8n^||||[^om Pittl«
burgh.
Logwood Country, lies N W of the Mof-
S[uito Shore, at the head of the bay of
Honduras, and extends from Vera Paz to
Yucatan from 15 i-z to 18 i-i N lat.
The whole coafl is overfpread with iflots,
keys and flioals, and the iiavigatio)^ is in-
tricate.
£utdon, the iownjtip of, U. Canada, is fit-
v:i|^ on the main fork of the river
I'lM^ncs, iu a ctntral fituation from the
\:\\iii Erie, Huron, and Ontario, and con-
lidered by Gen. Simcoe, as the proper
place for the feat of governtvent. hs iit-
uation offers many flrikiiig advantages for
the capital of the province, and around it
is a large tradt of excellent land.. It com*
municates with lake St. Clair and the De-
troit, by the river Thames ; with lake
Huron by the northern, or main bra -.ch
of the Thames and a fmall portage ; and
wiill the Oufe, and Uke Ontario by the
military
!(
is fit-
river
om tli»
,nd con-
proper
Its fit-
ages for
round it
It com-
the De-
th lake
bra '.ch
e ; and
by the
■miUtary
" LON
military way etXM Dundai Are#t. It i i
aire wclllitualcd for health, bainf plenti-
fully Aipplitd (by fmall ftreama and
fprinp,) with the puneft water. It a-
bOundi with black and white walnut,
cherry, bafi, elnt, hickory, beech, ath,and
many other kinds of timber. Smyib.
LmiJoH, a town in Ann Arundel co.
Maryland, 5 miles S W of Annapolis.
L»nd(m Ctvt, a. narrow water of I'Ong
Idand Sound, which fets up N into the
townfliip of New London, 4 miles W of
the mouth of I'hames river. Millftone
Point feparattes it (torn another much
broader on the W, acrofs which is a hand-
feme bridge, with a draw, at Rope
Ferry.
Londdnitrry, a poll town in Rockinjiham
CO. N. Hampfliire, near the head of Nea-
rer river, which empties into Merrira;u.k
rirer, at Pawtuekct Falls. It is 36 miles
S W by W of Port (mouth. Londonderry
Wiis fettled in 1718, and incorporated
X7a«,and contains 2650 inhabitants. The
propic are moftly the del'cendants of emi-
grants from Ulllerco. in Ireland, original-
ly from Scotland, and attend largely to
tne manufaiSlure of linen cloth and thread,
and make confiderable quantities for iaic.
The town is much indebted to them for
its wealth and confequence.
Lmirmderrj, a toWntbip in Halifax co.
Nova Scotia, on the N fide of Cobequid
or Colchefter river, about ^o miles from
its mouth, at the bafin ol Minas. It was
fettled by the^ North Irifli and Scotch.
ZewAmferry, aHownfhip, in the N W part
of Windham CO. Vermont, on the head wa-
ters of Weft fiver, about 33 miles N E of
Bennington It was granted March 16,
1780. Moofe Mountain extends into
the £ part of this town. In 1795 the
I townlliip of Londonderry was divided
I into two, and the E half called Windham^
the W half retains its original name.
Londonderry, two towniliips in Pennfyl-
Ivania, onein Dauphin co. with 1577 m-
I habitants ; the other in Somerl'et co.
I haying 709 inhabitants.
Londongrove, a townflup in Chefter co.
iPennfylvania, 931 inhabitants.
Long Bay, extends along the fhore of N.
land S. Carolina, from Cape Fear to the
Imouthbf Pedee river.
Long Bay, on theS fide of the ifland of
I Jamaica, extends from Gutt to Swift river,
land aflPords anchorage for fmall veffels.
I Long Bay, in the iQand of Barbadoes, in
Ithe W Indies, lies on the W fide of the
liftand, havinz St. Jofeph's river S E, and
K.r. hi
Pico Teneriffli N W. Another bay of
the fame name lies on the S end of the
illand.
Ltng Biath, on lake Ontario, U. Cana-
da, the wcilerumoft point of which is the
boundary between the counties of Dur-
ham and York, and between the town-
Ibips of Darlington and Whitby.
Long IJIand, in Penobfcot bay. See
IJIrJhoroiigb.
Long, or Eif^bteen mile Btach, on the
coaft of N. Jerfey, lies between Little
Egg harbour inlet and that of Darnegal.
Long If and, formerly called Munhattan^
afterwards Najfau IJlund, belongs to the
State of N York. It extends from Hud-
fun river oppofite to Statcn Ifland, alniofl
to the w»lfcrn bounds of the coafi uf
Rhode I, terminating with Montauk Point.
Its length is ahout it^o miles, and its me-
dium breadth from 10 to 14 milc» ; and
feparated from Coni)e(5licut by Long Ifl-
and Sound. It contains 1,400 fquarc
miles ; and is divided into 3 c.iuiities.
King's, Queen's and Suffolk, and tKefe
again into 19 townfliips. The N fide
of the ilhind is rough and hilly. A fin-
glc range of thelc hills extends, ftom
Jamaica to Suuthhold. The foil is here
well calculated for raifing erain, hay, and
fruit. The S fide of the illand lies low,
with a light fandy foil. On the fe^
coaft are extcnfive ti aifls of fait meadow,
which extend from Southampton to the
Wend of the ifland. The foil, notwith-
fianding, is well adapted to the culture
of grain, particula' ly Indian corn. Near
the middle of the ifland is Hampfiead
Plain, in Queened co. It is 16 miles long,
and about 8 broad. This plain was
never known to have any natural growth,
except a particular kind of wild grafs, and
a few fhrubs, although the foil is black,
and to appearance rich. It produces
fome rye, and large herds of cattle are
fed upon it, as well as on the fait marfhes.
On the E part of thj illand, £ of Hamp*
ftead Plain, is a large barren heath, called
Brufliy Plain. It is overgrown with
ihrub oak, intermixed with a few pine
trees, where a number of wild deer, and
groufe harbour. In a Bay on the S fide
of the ifland vaft quantities of oyfters are
taken, 40 or 50 vefTels are often here at
a time loading with them. Baft are
caught here in great plenty. The larg-
eft river, or ftream in the ifland is
Peakonok, an inconfiderable ftream. It
runs £ and empties into a large bay, that
fcparatcs Southhold from Southampton.
IB
\^\
' 1' ?! 'i
'1 ll I 'I
il
LON
■III ilui liajr are Robl)in and Shelter id-
iitult. Kuckeuiikitma puntl lie* abuiit
tlie centre of the illand, l)et>vccn Smith
'I'uvvii ;ind Illipi and ij> abuut a iirilc in cir-
cuiiitereiicu, itiid ha» bcca loundt by oh-
l'i:rvutioii, to hre graduiilly fur feverul
!(«4ri>, until it had urrivnd to a cc||(iiin
tei^ht, :ind then to fall more rapidly to
,its lowed bed ; and ihuit U coutinuully cb-
hin)>; .'iiid Howing : the cuuic ha* never
bucii iiivedigated. Two miles to the
louthward-oif.thu pond, iit a Itream called
Cunutx'Ucut river, which empties into the
, bay. The pruducc of. tl\c middle and
'wefleru parts of the ifland is carried to N.
YiirL 'lite ifland contains 42,097 in>
habitants, of whom 3,i<J3 are Haves.
Au»t: i^'A</),/.Sa»Ni/, isakindof inland fcR,
from ,\ to ^s miles broad, and about 140
miles long, extending the wliole length of
the iilaad, ami dividing it from Connecti-
cut. It comntunicates with the oocan
at botit ends of Long I Hand ; and alTurds
ii very I'afe and vonveuient inland naviga-
. tion.
Long 1J}iin<l in Sufquehannah river.
Lun^ Jjl'tiU,[\i Holflon river, TenefTee,
in ^ iniloH long, and cont lins IJ03 acres
of rich land, fubjciittu inundations. Hurc
is an old iiei<l formerly cnkivatcd by the
Indians. Numbers of boats arc built
hero every year, and loaded with the
produce of tire State for New Orleans. It
in 10 miles W of the mouth of Wataugo
river, 4.? from Abingdon, loq above
Knoxvillc, ^8,; from Nalhville, and 1000
• from llie .mouth of the Tencflee. It is
340 miles S W by W of Richmond, in
Virginia, and to which there is a good
waj;i',on road.
JLon^ IJle^ or JJlt R'lvtr Indians^ inhabit'
on IffS, or White river, which runs W
into the river Wabaili. The mouth of
White river is in N lat. 38 j 8, W Ion. 90 7.
Lmi^ liiht, t/ji, in (J. Canada, are a chain
of fmalli lakes, extending wcfterly from
.the grand Portage of lalte Superior
toward Rain lake.
tons; Lake, in the Geneflee country,
N. York. See Huitcy\oe Late.
Lon^ Mi-mlow, a town in HampHiire co.
MalTHchufctts, fituated ou the K bank of
Cuanc(i:licut river, about 4 miles S of
Springfield, and 23 N of Hartford. It
was incorporated in 1783 ; contains a
.Congregational church, and about 70
dwelling houfes, which lie upon one wide
ftreet, running parallel with the river.
'I'he towiirtiip contains 973 inhabitants.
Ltn^ J'J/it, on la!:2 Eric, U. . Ciwiaila,
v: LOR
ilnw called the N ForeUnd, ii that lonf
beach or I'andbank, Urctching forth Iukj
lake £rie frpm the townfliip of Wallinj)-
ham, and forming the deep bay of Long
Point. It i* upwards of to miles lung.
From the head of the bay there is a car-
rying place aeruft over a flat fand, about
8 chains didancc, into lake Erie, which ij
fometimes fufficiently overflown to be
ufed at a pafluge fur Imall boats. yumUlicn
J'oiiit, between Paun fiay and Lake Mich-
igan, i» alfo calledL.. Point in fonte maps.
L«n£ J'ouf, in- Maine, lies muflly iit
firidgtou, and it xo mile* lung from N W
to 8 £, and about a mile broad. On each
fide of this pond arc larg* fwellt of excel-
lent Lind, with a gradual defcent to the
margin of the pondi andfumtih a variety
of romantic profpedb. ^te Bridgton and
StLagQ.
Long Sail IJle au, in the river St. Law-
rence, U. Canada, and in front of, the
townfliip of Oi'nabruckr contains fr«>ut
1000 tu 1500 acre» ; the fuil is good.
Longuyiie, Or as the Indians call it,
Kfiia/tiieamaqua, an Indian' village un the
N bank of £el river, in the N. W. Terri-
tory. It was doftroycd by Gen. Scott
in 1791, with aoo acres of com in its
neighbourhood..'
Lungue'il Tntinfiip, Glengary co. U. Can-
ada, is the fecond in aTceoding the Otta-
wa river.
Loukout Cape, on thecoaft. of N. Caroli-
na, is the fouthcrn point of a long • infu-
lated and narrow flip of land, eaflward
of Core Sound. Its N^int forms the
S fid« of Ocrccock inlet, which leads iu-
to Pamlico Sound. It lies N £ of Cape
Fear, and S of Cape Hatteras,in alioui
latitude 34 JO. It had an excellent har-
bour, which hat been tiUcd up, with liand
fiuce the year 1777.
Laoktut Caff, on the fuuthern coafl ot
Hiidfou's Bay, in New South Wales, £ ^
E of the moutlv uf . Severn river. N l.ti
56, W Ion. 84.
Loontitburg, in Green co. N. York,
where is a poll office, near the city u'
Hudfon.
Luufu Chitto. See Leui/a ditto.
Lorembeck. See Louijhurg. It is a cap(|
near the N fide of Louifliurg harbour,
and m;ty be fecn 12 leagues offatfea.
• Lorenzo, Cafe St. on the coafl of Peril,
S. America, lies in the province of Quito,
W of the city of that name. S lat. o 20,
W Ion. 80 20.
/.onv/o, a imall vill-ige of Chriflian In-
dians, 3 leagues N ii of Quebec, in L. Can-j
til
■Ha. It has il
according to t
at Lorctto, i
image of iho 1
to the converi
the famous It;
verts are of th
Loriiti), Liiii
ofSt.Dcnnis,!!
the Indians r.d
fort cre«aod j
'ng of four baf
deep ditch. 1
pariflics, inclu
dians, under th
friars.
Loromlii Stnr
place wefterly l
at or near a fori
Miami river, v
At this fpot, bi
hne, the Indiam
the United State
treaty figned An
poruge commei
"fthe Ohio, and
Juns into Lake I:
■I'Ot Riyt,, Sc<
Lot Jieyet, the
•nceofUragua, il
i^uay.in S.Amer
■Lot Charcot, a
ern divifion of P
arc Potofi and P(
Loudon, Fort, i
. Loudon, a couuq
river Potowmac.l
Icy, and Faquicr
miles long, and ii
'5>533 free inhall
Chief town, Lecff
tains arc the filul
ton. The princl
Creek. Big and J
verdam, and Tul
grey fionc.whitc i
'>"c. The dimj
pics, pears, pcaclj
grapes. This c]
Irom Pennfylvan(
Loudon, a town]
N. Hampfliirc, ta
and incorporated
EfideofMerrimJ
"79 inhabitant,s.]
Loudon, a town
MafTachufetts, 21 ■
'Y "f Springfitldl
« was incorporat]
, fains 614 inhabitaJ
yf which 29443 el
LOU
LOU
Jhriftian In-
.inL.Can-l
ada. It has its nnme from a rhnpel l)uilt
according to the mudol of the Santa Cafa
at Lorctto, in Italy ; from whence nn
inuze of the Holy Virgin hat been fcnt
to the converts here, rcfcmbhng thtt in
the famous Italian faridluary. 'I'licft: Cv>n-
vertsarc of the Iliirou tribe.
Loretti), Lady tf, a ;>lace in the flif>rli.1
of St.Dcnnis,on the ilthmtisof California ;
the Indians rsill it Cnncbo. Here is a finnll
fort ere«£ked by the miflionaries, confin-
ing of four badions, andfurroundcd by a
deep ditch. In this jurif<lidlion are 15
pariflies, including 4000 pr<>fenin!> In-
dians, under the indrudUoii of ^oniinicun
friars.
Loromut Stire, la the Pt ite of Ohio, a
place wedarly from Fort Lawrence, and
at or near a fork of a branch of the Great
Miami river, which falia into the Ohio.
At this fpot, bounded W by the Indian
line, the Indians ceded a tratft of land to
the United States, 6 miles fqui^re, by the
treaty flgned Augufl 3, 1795. Here the
portage commences between the Miami
of the Oliio, and St. Mary a river, which
Tuns into Lake Eric.
Ijtt Rtyet. See Lima.
Lot Jleyei, the chief town of -the prov-
ince of Uragua, in the £ divifion of Par-
aguay, in S. America.
Lei Charcot, a province in the fmith-
ern divifion of Peru, whofc chief cities
arc Potofi and Porco.
Loudon, Fort. See 'Tillieo Bloii Hoiife.
, Loudon, a county of Virginia, on the
river Potowmac, adjoining Fairfax, Berk-
ley, and Faquier counties. It is about jO
miles long, and 20 broad, and contains
I5ij33 froe inhabitants, and 4990 Haves.
Chief tpwn, Lecfburg. The chief moun-
tains are the Blue ridge and the Kottoc-
ton. The principal Creeks arc Goofe
Creek, Big and Little ICottcxElon, Bca-
Tcrdam, and Tufcarora. Quarries of
grey flone, white flint and lime are found
here. The climate is favourable to ap-
ples, pears, peaches, plums, cherries and
grapes. This county was firft fettled
from Pennfylvania and N. Jcrfey.
Loudon, a townfliip in Rockingham co.
N. Hampfhire, taken from Canterbury
and incorporated in 1773. It is on the
£ fide of Merrimack river, and contains
1379 inhabitants.
Loudon, a townfliip in Perkfliire co.
MaflTachufctts, zi miles S E of Lenox, 24
W of Springfitid, and 114 W of Bofton.
It was incorporated in 1773, and con-
tains 6x4 inhabitants, and i3,cco acres,
<ii which 2944 are ponds.
/.filif^fmf'.r, or I.nrhaiiv. a fni.Tll fitft*'-'
mcnt in Georgia, «m a lirancli of S>ivan-
nali rivtr, alii>vc its cunliiirncc with tlio
Tunulo. I he \y main bimitli.
Lnn^^ltUinuyh 'Tutviijliij', iu I'rolit'.'n;"*'
C(iut>tYi I'. Canada, lies in the rear, and
N ol'Kingltim.
Lnu'-s, l'(iit,:i ftttlfiTicnt formed Ny il)e
French luar tlit- numtli of the livcr dcizn,
ill Flotilla, about ao h.i^iic* N K o( the
ncarcd niouih nf ilic Millirippi, and un-
til the peace of 1763, >vas tlij; iiliul re-
lidcnc'.' orih<' i»iiniM[iaI governor ol l.ou-
i liar. a.
/.'«/#■/,.')/. tlic rapltal tmvn of Giindi-
loiipe, Gran<ri'iric. It lias :\ foitrtln ,}
leagues to the StK of the i>alt river, ijte
GimJahii^c.
Louit de Miiranhar^, St. a town on the
northern coaft of Brazil, and on tlir At-
lantic ocean, fituated on the < aR fulc of
Mcarim rivtr ; about half w ty iM-twicn
point Mticoripc, and the mouth of the
river Para.
Liiuh, .'-/. a jurifdi(E\ion atkl town on
the S Cdc of the idinil of K:. iJoiiiingo.
Thcjurildid>ion contains _■^ p riflios. Its
exports fiiipped from ihu to'vn «>f St.
Louis from January i, 1789,10 Dcrcm-
hcr 31, of the fame yc^r, wert/ i2o/)6_fll).
cotlle ; 19,2531b. fotttn ; 5751!!). indi-
j^o. Total value of iliirits (III exporta-
tion, 904 dollars 13 cents. St. 1. 'UiK is
rather aboroir^h tlian a town. It is lit-
uatcd till tlic lu.a<l ()ft!)c hay of if* ii..nH-,
oppofite a number ol fniall iilcs v lil.li
fhtlrtr riie bay on the .1 Inwards the
ocean, and on the S fide of tli< '>^ peii-
infula, 8 leagues N F of Ler. L'aycs, a lit-
tle more than 3 S W of Aqiiin, aiid 36
leagues S W by W of I'ort an Prince:
frt.'m which laftarc two road& lending to
h ; the one by Jacmcl, tlie other by l^e«)-
gane, and of much the fame Irngtli ; both
join at Aquin. N lat. 1818, W Ion. from
Paris, 75 52.
Louit, St. a fmall compa<5V, bcaiiiilul
bay in W. Florida, having ahoiii 7 fcit
water. It is 18 miles from the Kegolct*,
and 26 from the bay of Biloxi. 'J he
land near it is of a light foil, and good
for pafliire. There were feveral frtilers
formerly on it, but in the year I767,t!ie
Chatflaw Indians kille-d their rattle and
obliged them to remove.
Louit, St. a town on the W Me of lie
river Miflifippi, 25 milesbelowthe mouth
of the Miflouri. Its fcitc is on a hijji
piece of ground, the mofl hc;iltliy avd
pleafant of any iu this part of ilii ronn-
WVOBHHHI
LGU
tou
try. Here the Spanifli commandant and
the principal Indian traders refidediwho,
by conciliating the affeiSlions of the na-
tive*, drew all the Indim trade of the
MifTouri ; part of that o^ the Miififippi
(northwards) and of the tribes of Indians
refidingnear the Ouifconfing, and lUinofs
rivers, to this village. Here are about
1 30 large and commodious honfes, moftly
built of (lone, and 925 inhiibitants, of
whom »68 arc (laves. This was the num-
ber in 1799. This year the produ-'Vions
of this fettlement, were jvio bufhels of
wheat, 10,300 bulliels of ^orn, lAjolbs. of
tobacco. The inivabitaius pofTeHed 1140
horn»jd cattle- and 2'5 horfes. From this
place and Carondelet, 6 miles below, were
exported the year abovementioned, to N.
Orlca 13, i754packsof fhavedflJnSjioolbs.
each, '.alucd at 70,1 60 dolls.
Lm'ifiX^ a county of Virginia, adjoining
Orange, Albemarle, Fluvanna, Spottfylva-
nia, and Goochland counties.^ It is about
25 miles long, and 20 broad, and contains
5900 free inhabitants, and 5992 Haves.
There are here fome inedicinat Iprings,
on the head waters of South Anna, a
branch of York river ; but they are little
frequented. The principal mountains are
the S W mountains. Many parts are cov-
ered with pine. At the court houfe is a
port office, 108 miles from Wafhington.
Lauifa, a river of Virginia, the head wa-
ter of Cole river, a S W branch of the
.Great ll;>nl;awiiy.
Lnv'fa Chitto, or Loffa Chitto, a river
which rifcs on the borders of S. Carolina,
and runs a S wcfterly courfe through the
Georgia weftern lands, and joins the Miffi-
fippi juft below the Walnut Hills, and 10
miles from Stony nver. !t is 30 yards
wide at its mouth, but after you enter it,
is from 30 to 40 yards, and is faid to be
navigable for cnnoes 3c or 40 leagues. It
is 39 miles below the Yaz;oo cliffi.
Lnurfbourg, the capital of Sydney, or
Cape ISrelon illand, in N. America. Its
harbour is one of the finefl in that coun-
try, being ahnoft 4 leagues in circuit, and
6 or 7 fathoms water in every part of it.
The anchorage or mooring, is good, and
fhips may run aground without any dan-
ger. Its entrance is not above 300 toifes
in breadth, tormed by two fmall illands,
flud is known I . leagues off at fea, by
Cape I.oremhec, fituated near the N E
fide of it. Here is plenty of cod, and the
fi(her^ may be continued from April to
the dole of November. The harbour is
more than half a mile in breadth, from N
W to 8 E, in the narrowed part ; and 6
miles in length, from N E to S W. In the
N K pait of the htrl^our is a fine careen-
ing r/harj to heave down, and very fe-
cure from all winds. On the oppoiite
fide are the fidiing lUges, and room for
4000 ho.its to cure their fifh. In winter
the harbour is entirely frozen up, fo as to
be walked over, which feafon begins here
at t!ie clofe of November, and iafts till
May or Jun: ; fometimes the frofts fet in
fooner, and are more intenfe ; as partic-
ularly in 1745, when by the middle of
OiSlober a great part of the harbour was
already frozen. The town of Louifbourg
fiiinds on a point of land, on the S £ fide
of the Illand ; its Areets are regular and
broad, confifting for the mod part of ftone
houfes, with a large parade at a little dif-
tance from the citadel ; the infidc of
which is a fine fquare, near 400 feet every
way. On its N fide, while polTelTed by
the French, ftood the governor's houfe
and the church ; the other fides were
taken up with barracks, bomb proof; in
which the French fecured theit women
and children during the fiege. The town
is near half a mile in length, and 2 in
circuit. The principal trade of I.ouif-
bourg4s the cod fifliery, from which vaft
profits accrue to the inhabitants ; the
plenty of fifh being remarkable, and ai
th^ fame time better than any about New-
foundland. See Breton, Cafe. N lat. 45
54, W Ion. 59? J-
Liuijlourgb, in Pennfylvania. See Har-
rijhtirgh,
Loui/burg, a poft town, Franklin co. N.
Carolma, 26s miles from Wafliington.
Loufftana. On the 30th of April 1803,
the property andfovereignty of this ex-
tenfive and valuable country, which
Spain had lately reftored to France, was,
by inftruments of the above date, on cer-
tain (lipulated conditions, transferred ro
the United States. The Treaty of cef-
fion having been duly ratified by the A-
! nierican government, Louifiana, of courfe,
; has become a part of the United States.
I Since thia important acquifition of terri-
■ 'nry, great pains have b'jci i taken bv the
I Writer to colled): frcm every exifting
fource of information, the beft defcription
of it. The refult follows, with the au-.
thoritics annexed.
Hijl'irical Remarh. This country was
firft dlfcovered by Ferdinand de Soto, in
1541 ; it was afterwards vifited by Col.
Wood, in 1654 ; by Capt. Bolt, in 1670;
y and in 1 683, by Mon. de la Salle from
^' Canada,
Canada, whr
the river Mi
le was of N<
of New Fran
Jefuits, and
ten. In 16
where he m
the court, of
them to furni
fels, in which
colony of aboi
of the Miffifij
ed the place
Feb. X685, in
about 300 mil
MiflTifippi. T
whom were v
provided with
'ion, mart of t
in the waves, I
fea oiTicers inti
tliem ; and ;
hardfhip,, La %
of his own m
miferably peri
cept feven, wh
country to Ca
ended the firfl
tie Louifiana.
of Canada, a br
obtained the p:
court, failed fio
i»Ppi, with twc
men, and laid tl
French colony ,
country now foi
Louifiana.* *]
cruit offettlers a
able fituation in
the death of II
the war in whic
engaged, contril:
ny to great wre
had diminiHied
eight families.
»erchant of imi
for, and obtaine
Louifiana. His
extenfive, buth
into effeA ; and
charter to a com
mous proje<ftor,
extravagant acci
now induftrioufl
rious parts of Eu
pi became the ce
hopes and fpeci
t7t8 and 1719,
ud
. Huynal,
»ay
LOU
LOU
Canada, who was the firft who traverfed i
the river Miirifippi [Hutcbins-] La Sal- I
le was of Norman extract, an inhabitant j
of New France, a pupil and difciple of the i
Jefuits, and a bold entcrpriiing charac- j
ter. In i68,'5, he repaired to France, j
where he made iuch reprefentations to
the court, of his difcoveries, as induced ;
them to furnifli him with four fmall vef- ]
fels, in which he embarked, with a little '
colony of about 170 men, for the mouthg
of the MifCfippi. By miftakc, they paff- |
ed the place of dellination, and landed ,
Feb. 1685, in the Bay of St. Bernard'si, '
about 300 miles W of the mouths of the
Miffifippi. This little colony, « moft of :
whom were very corrupt," were badl^ j
provided with provlfions ami ammuni-
tion, moft of them being fwallowed up
in the waves, through the perfidy of the
fe» officers intruded with the landing of
them ; and after encountering many
hardfhips, La Salle was murdered by fome
of his own men, and the whole colony
miferably periihed in various ways, ex-
cept feven, who penetrated through the
country to Canada. [Rayna/.] Thus
ended the firft European attempt to fet-
tle Louifiana. In 1699, Mon. Ibberville,
of Canada, a brave naval officer, having
obtained the patronage of the French
court, failed fiom Rochfort fur the MifH-
Jippi, with two fliips, and a number of
men, and laid the foundation of the firft
French colony on the MifTifippi. The
country now for the firft time, was called
Louifiana.* Two years after a new re-
cruit of fettlcrs arrived ; but the unfavour-
able fituation in which they were planted,
the death of Ibberville, in i7o6,f and
the war in which France was at this time
engaged, contributed to reduce the colo-
ny to great wretchednefs ; and in 171a
had diminiHied their number to twenty
eight families. At this period Crozat, a
merchant of immenfe fortune, petitioned
for, and obtained the exciufive trade of
Louifiana. His plans wtre patriotic and
cxtenfivc, but he failed in carrying them
into eSedb ; and in 171 7, he reiigned his
charter to a company formed by that fa-
mous proje«Jlor, John Law. The moft
extravagant accounts of this country were
now induftrioufly circulated through va-
rious parts of Europe ; and • the Miflifip.
pi became the center of all men's wifties,
hopes and fpeculations." In the years
1718 and 1719, while this frenzy pre-
* Kaynal.
vailed, a numerous colony of latjottrert
colleded from France, Germany and
Switzerland, and allured by the moft flat-
tering promifes and expedtatioiis, were •
conveyed to Lvuifiana, and let tied in a,
dinri<a called lilloxi, on theilland of Or-
leans, oppoGte to and about 12 miles from
Ship Ifland.a" fituation tl:e moU barren,
unhealthy and inconvenient of any oa
the coaft," where thefc iinloitunate ad-
venturers died by hundreds, through
want and vexation. The miferablc fate
of this colony ruined the reputation of
Louifiana ; and this enchanting country
was now execrated, ami its very name for
a while, bcoume a repro.ich. The MifTi-
fippi was the terror of freemen. No te- .
emits were to be found to fend thither,
but fucli as were taken from prifons and
houfes of ill fame, and of courfe it be-
came the receptacle of the loweft and
moft profligate perfons in the kii^gdom.
In this ftate the colony languiflied, till
1731, when the company, at the expenfe
of i,450,coolivre8, purchafed the favour
of relinquiftiing their concerns into the
hands of thegovernmtnt. [JPajwa/.] The
boundaries of Louifiana, as granted to
Croaat, were N, by the Illinois river and
Lake, [Hutcbins] or by Can.ida and un-
known lands, [kaynal] E by Carolina and
Florida, S by the Gulf of Mexico ; W hj
New Mexico. Its length was not afcer-
taincd ; its mean breadth was eftimated
at about 600 miles. [Raynai.] By tl\e
Treaty of Utrecht, in 1713, the northern
boundary of Louifiana was extended to
an imaginary line drawn from a promon-
tory inNew Britain, in N lat. 58 30, S W
through lake Mifgofink, or Miftafim, till
it ftrikc the 49th degree of N lat. All the
country S of this line, as far as the river
St. Lawrence, was annexed to Louifiana ;
all N of it was confirmed to Great Brit-
ain. [Htitchins,] And yet Danville, in
his map of Louifiana, publiftied in 1752,
limits it to lat.ja 10 N. By what anthority
is not known. [Pi/ilcrten.] The Frencii
for ought that appears remained in quiet'
pofleflion of this cxtenfive country, ex-
cept frequent contefts with the Indians,
till 1762. The Spaniards of New Mexi-
co indeed, in 17 10, jealous of their a<flive
neighbours, formed a fchcme of eftabhfh-
ing a large colony on the Mi.Touri, far
beyond the limits which they had been
wont to prefcribe for themfeivcs, for the
purpofc of reducing the limits, and over-
awing the French colonics. Accordingly,
numerous caravans, who were to confti-
tutc
K;- I
LOU
LOU:
<ttte this colony, proceeded from St. Fe,
and directed their march towards the
country of the Oflagcs Indians, with de-
ftgn to engage this nation, the mortal en-
emies of the MiiTouries, to join them in
conquering the country of the latter,
which they rcfolved to occupy. The
Spaniards mifl'ed their way, and went di-
reiflly t<> the nation whofe ruin they
meditated ; and ignorant of their miftakc,
communicatedtheirdePign without rci'crvc.
The MilTouri chief, wlio, by this fingular
miflake, became acquainted with the dan-
ger which threatened him and his peo-
ple, concealed ins feelings, and iiilorin<d
the Spaniards that he wo ild readily affift
in accompiilhingthcir plin, and requtft-
,cd 48 hours to alTemble his warriors. In
the mean time, the uniiifpedling Span-
iards were amuied with fports, till aoco
warriors had collti^.-d with their arms,
when they fell upon the Spaniards while
afleep, and (lew every foul, except the
chaplain, who owed his prcfcrvation to
the (ingularity of his drefs. [Raynal.]
The Natchez tribe of Indians proved for
a time a formidable enemy to the colony ;
but in the year 1731, the whole tribe was
nearly extirpated. In 1736, and again in
1740, the coioniRs were engaged in
bloody wars with tlie Chickafaw Indians,
in the former of which, the French were
defeated; the latter, termin,»ted iu peace,
which has not fiuce been interrupted.
The colonifts had (Iruggled tlirough many
diOlculties, and overcome many obdacles
in the way of their profperity, and their
profpccSls were now brightening. The
peltry trade with the Indians, and their
commerce with tlic W. Indies were in-
creafing. Two hundred Acadian fami-
lies had already planted themfelvcs on
the banks of the MifTifippi, and more
were preparing to follow them. As ma-
ny as la or ijroo Canadians were on their
way to fettle in Louiiiana, and confider-
ablc accefTions of inhabitants from other
places, were cxpeifled. Such was the
fiatcof this colony, when, in April 1764,
the French court announced to the in-
habitants, that in Nov. 1762, l^ouiliana,
embracing New Orleans, and the whole
territory W of the Miflifippi, had been
ceded to Spain by a fccret treaty. This
ineal'ure was fcverely aiidjuflly cenfured,
not only as impolitic, but as an ofTence
againft morality. The colonifts, without
their knowledge or confent, were given
away to a foreign power. They did loi
fubmit to this unjii(l ineafure without
manly oppofition, fo that compietc pof.
relTuni of the country was not obtained
by Spain, till the 17th of Augult, 176^.
The day following, fuch of the citizen's as
chofc, took the oatks of allegiance to the
king of Spain. " Every thing was now
completed but revengs. Vidtiins were
required. Twelve were felcAcd from
among the moft diftinguilhed in the army,
the magiftracy and trade. Six of thefc
generous men atoned with their blood,
for the confideration they enjoyed. The
others, perhaps more unlortunate, were
fent to languiili out their liv« s in the dun-
geons of the IJavannah ; and this horri-
ble tragedy was ordered by the Spanilli
miniflry, while the Ircnch minilliy
fliewcd no indignation !" [Jinyi'/ti.'] By
the treaty of peace in 1763, Canada,
with the whole territory belonging u;
France, eaftward of the middle of the
Miflifippi to the Ibberville, thence through
the middle of that river to the I>ake«
Maurepas and Ponchartrain to the Gulf
of Mexico, was ceded lo Great Britain.
[See Treaty.] By this treaty the boun-
daries of the Britifli provinces were ex-
tended foutliward to the Gulf of Mexico,
and wcftward to the Miflifippi, the navi-
gation of which to its mouth was to be
free to both nations, and LDnifiana wag
limited N by Canada, and E by the Mii-
filippi, excepting that it includtd the iil-
and of N. Orleans, on its E bank. This
ftate of things remained till the Amer-
ican revolutionary war, during which,
Spain, in 1779, 1780, and 1 781, took from
Great Britain, the two Floridas ; the U-
nited States, according to their prelciit
limits, became an independent govern-
ment, leaving to Great Britain, of all her
American provinces, thofe only which
lie N and £ of the U. States. All thcfe
changes were fandlioncd and confirmed
by the treaty of 1783. From that peri-
od, thefe relpc«Stive portions of N. Amer-
ica, remained without any change of pro-
prietors, till the treaty of St. Idelfonfo, of
Oi^. 1, 1 800, By this treaty Spain " om-
ifes and engaget on her part, to cede ■ the
French Rcpublk^fix months after the full and
entire execution of the conditions andjlipuiations
therein contained relaiife to the Duke of I'at-
rra,the colony or province of J^oiiifiana, trill'
the fume extent that it niivally has in the hands
of Sf>jin, that it hadivhen France poffeffid it,
and fuch os it fioutd he after the treaties fuhfe-
quently entered into bettveen Spain and ether
Slates." " 'I'his treaty was confirmed and
enforced by that of RIadrid, of the 2ift
df March
to the U.
of April 1
a rcfcrcnc
icriptive o
TJi/e. 1
the treaty
part of the
i8o3j betw
French Re
Louifiana.
been doulit
this interett
title « TJie
States engaf
ernment, ib
following ai
of francs, ito
^wH be fixei
the paymeni
to thecitizei
"for the pa
ftaiics, mem
*icle, the L
flocicof rr,;
intereft of i'tx
able half yea:
or Paris, amo
337.500 dolla
tions which <
French gov^r,
place : The p
be reimburfec
»Mted States, i
*efs than 3,0
which the firf
15 years after
•f ratiiication
ferred to the
tofucfvperfon
fhorifed to rt
»!»5/?. after the
of this treaty,
he taken pofli
government o
■BiiunJaries.
United States
it has in the
when France
were the limitt
hands of Franc
been In poflb
are to be its
er here to ol
kno\vn' neither
pgraphy. ft
'n 1763, at wh
t'pncd, all the
P'l except Nc
LOU
df March 1801. From Frances it paiTed.
to the U. States by the treaty of the 30th
of April 1803, as ubovemcntioned, with
a reference to the above claufe as de-
scriptive of the limits ceded." {J'jferfon.']
'Title. The above recited claufe from
the treaty of Idelfonfo, wiiich makes a
part of the treaty of the 30th of April,
i8o3i between the Uuited States and the
French Republic ; contuin& our title to
Louifiana. ' The validity of this title has
been doubted. Events will foon decide
this intereiting queltinn. For the above
title " The government of the United
States engages to pay to the i rench gov-
ernment, in the manner fpecified in the
following article, the fum of 60,000,000
of francs, itidependent of tlie I'um which
ihall be fixed by another convention for
the payment of the debts due by France
to the citizens of the United States.
'•For the payment of the fumof6opoo,ooo
francs, mentioned in the preceding ar-
ticle, the United States fnall create a
flock of ii.jjopoo dollars, bearing an
intercd of li-x per centum- per annum, pay-
able half yearly in London, Amfterdam
or Paris, amounting by the half year to
.337,500 dollars, according to the propor-
tions which fliall be determined l^ the
French gov^ramcnt to bs paid at eithor
place : The principal of the faid (tock to
bereimburfed at the treafury of the U-
nited States, in annual payments of not
kfs than 3,000,000 of dollars «ach ; of
which the iSrft payment Ihall commence
15 years after the date of the exchange
«f ratiHcations ; this flock fliall be tranf-
ferred to the governmient of Fhmce, or
tofuch-perfon or'perfons as'fhall be au-
thorifed to receive it, in three months, at
noji, after the«xchangeof the ratifications
of this treaty, and after Louifiana fhall
be taken poffeffion of in the nam^ of the
government of the United States."
Baundaries. Louifiana is ceded to the
United States " with the fame extent that
it has in the hands of Spain, that it had
when France pofleiTed it." What then
were the limits of Louifiana 'vhen in the
hands of France in 176a, and fince it has
been in poircffion of Spain .' For thefe
are to be its prcfent limits. It is prop-
er here to obferve that Weft Florida is
known' neither in French nor Spaniili Ge-
ography. It originated with the Britifh
in 1763, at which time, as has been men-
tioned, all the country E of the Miffifip-
pi, except New Orleans, was ceded to
:lou'
this nation, who -then for the iirft thttti
divided . the Territory S of Georgia,
and E Of the Ibbervillc, into E. and W.
Florida. This territorial diviHon contin-
ued only till the country was taken by,
and confirmed to Spain, in 1783, except
in the books of Eiiglitli and Americai:-
Geography. {Mitchell's Ms. Letter.] " Be-
fore the treaty of peace, in 176J, Louifia-
na extended, in the French maps, from
the Gulf of Mexico, to near 45 degrees of
N lat. on the W fide of the Miflltippi, an^l
to neari39 A^eci on its eal'tern bank.
Its boundiuies'wei e Canada on the N, N.
York, Poiiplylvania, Virginia, Carolina,
and the N Wpart of tlie eafternmoft pe-
ninfula of Florida on the E, the Gulf of
Mexico S, and N. Mexico W." \^Hutih:ni.'\
Act«)rding to Du Pratz, Louifiana is
bounded S and 'W as above ; N in part
by Canada ; "in pirt it extends without
any afCgnable bounds, to the I'erra In-
cognitai, adjoining to Hudlbn's bay ; li
by the Britifli provinces abovemention-
td, and by Rio Perdido, fignifying Loll
river, aptly lo called by theSj^aniards.bc-
caufc'itlof»;s itfelf under ground, and after-
wards appears again and difcharges itfelf
into the fea a little to the E of Mobile,
on which the fii-ft French planterarfettled."
Thefe limits of Louifiana, as pofTeflTed by
France and Spain, and acknowledged
by other powers, arc from the beft au-
thorities, and it is prefumed inay.bc;.coa-
fidered as corredb ; and they give as the
extent of our newly acquired territory,;
the boundaries of which, as far as can be:
afccrtained, are as follows, viz. S on the
Gulf of Mexico, from the bay of St. Bar-
nard, S W of the MiiGlippi,to the mouth
of the Rio Perdido, above defcribed; :up
this river to its, fource, and thence, (if it
rife not N of the 31(1 degree of lat.) on a
flraight line N to that parallel ; thence
al(M\g the fouthern bouuidary uf the U.
States W to the Miiilfippi ; then up thi»
river to its fource, as eQabliHied by tlx:
treaty of 1 783. Beyond this point the
limits, (which Are conjetStural and have
never been afcertained) may be confid-
ered ai including all the country lying
between the White Bear Lake, or other
head of the MilQfippi, and the fource of
the Miflburi ; -and between this lad and
the head fprings of the Arkanfas, Red
river, and other copious Itreams which
fall into the MilTifippi, or in other words,
we may confider Louifiana as bounded N
and N W by the high laads, which di-
vide
I
. 1 '.•
«*:■■'
LOIJ
^ie tTie waters which fall into the St.
JLa'vrcnce and Hudfon's Bay, from ihofi
which fxll into the Milii(ii>{li ; W by thai
high chain of mountains, known by thi*
name of the Sbining JUauHtains, wiiich m.iy
be called the Sj>ine or Am/a of that pan
of N. America, and which turn the wa-
ters on the Wi)f them to the Pacfiic.anti
thofc on the E to the Atlantic Ocean. It
embrace!*, in one word, the whole Hope,
«r inclined plain fronting the S E and £
down which the dreams of all fizes, flow
into the bed of the MilBGppi. On the S
W it is bounded by New Mexico, between
vhich and Louiiiuna, the divirional line
has never been fettled. Some pretend
thac this boundary is a right line from
the head of Red river, to that of the Rio
Bravo, and thence down its channel to
the Gulf of Mexico. Others make the
Rio Coier.ulo, and others with more prob-.
ability, make the Rio Mexioano, the S W
boundary of Louitiana.
Divifions. Loiiidana, as above defined,
may naturally be divided into three grand
divi&ons, viz. Edjlsm, Lower, and Upper
JLoiiifiana,
The Eajiern diviflon comprehends all
that part of this territory which lies E
of the Mifitfippi, btiundcd S by the Gulf
of Mexico, E by Perdido river, N by the
MifTUippi Territory, and W by the Mif-
fifippi river. This divilion embraces the
Ifland of New Orleans, and is watered
by the Mobile, Pafcagoula, Pearl, Bogue-
chico, Tanlipaho, and Amit rivers, with
Thompfon's Creek, and Bayou Sara^
[EUicatti\ The whole coaft of this divifion
embracing the old Biloxi diftri(St, which
W4s the fird iiihabited by the French,
^^hbfe dwellings were fuddeuly dcflroyed
by a grtfat fire, confifts of " a very fine
fand, white as fnow, very injurious to the
eyes, arid fo dry as not to be fit to produce
any thing but pine, cedar, and fome iVer-
{rfce» oaks." {Du Pratt..] The Mobile river
• rolls its waters over a pure fand which
canhoc make it muddy." • It has few
HlK; and *' its banks and neighbourhood
are not Very fertile. The'ground is ftony
and fcarce any thing but gravel mixed
with a little earth." [li/V/.] Between the
Pafcagoula and Mi0ifippi rivers, fome
diftance from the coad, "the country is
intermixed with extenUvc hills, fine mca-
don'5, numbers of thickets, and fomctimes
• TliU river in sprlriif, after the rains of winter,
Is :( lin? rivi-r. i"it in Aiiiimfr is but nfiroi^kiefpec-
Lot/
n with woods thick fct with cane, particu-
' larly on the banks of rivers and brook*,
ind txtremtly proper for agriculture. "
[/W.] The coaft, though flat, faudy and
dry. abounds with delicious Hull and other
.i!h, and affords fecurity agaiufl lliedc-
fcent of an enemy.
Lower Loui/Mitj, embraces that part of
this territory luiundcd E by the MifFiflp-
pi river, S t»y the Gulf of Mexico, S W
and W by New Mexico, N liy a line
drawn from the MifTifippi W, dividing the
cduntry in which ftone is found from
that where there is none. This line, ac-
cording to Du Pratz, commences on the
Wfideof the MifBlippi, at Manchac in
N Ut. 30 ao, and runs a varied courfe W
to N. Mexico. This part of Louifiana is
watered by Red river, and a great number
of rivers which fall into the Gulf of Mex-
ico. On both fides of the mouths of the
Miffifippi; which ai-e unpleafaut to the eye,
quagmircsj incapable of bearing up the
traveller,and which afiforda fafe retreat for
wafer fowl, gnats and mitfketoes, continue
for more than 20 miles. All the coaft from
the Miffifippi W, as far as St. Bernard's
Bay and bevond, refcihbles the coaft al-
ready defcribed, of the eaftern divifion,
" it it equally fiati formed of a like fand,
and a bar of ifles, which lengthen out
the coaft, and hinder a defcent ; and its
foil is barren." [Du Fratz.] In afcending
the Miffifippi, after you leave the marfh-
es you come to narrow ftrips of firm land,
bordered witii marihes, on each fide of
the river, which for fome diftance are
bare of trees, and afterwards are covered
fo thickly, as to intercept the winds in
afcending the river ; thefe narrow neck*
of land, fit for cultivation, arc continued
as far as the Englifii Turn. [Du Fratx.]
This flat country is without ftones or
hills, and full of marfhes and lakes. " It
appears to hare been formed by every
thing that comes down to the fca. Pretty
near the Natchitoches are found banks of
mufcle fliells. The neighbouring nation
afiirms, that according to their old tradi-
tion, the fca formerly came up to this
place. Every thing indeed in this coun-
try fliews that the Lower Louifiana, as
above defined, it a country gained from
the fca,whofe bottom is a chryftal fand,
white as fnow, fine as flour, and fuch as
is found both E and W of the Miflifippi ;
and we may expe*9. that in future ages,
the river and fea, may fotm another
tratfk of country like Lower Louifiana.
The Fort Balizc fliews that a century is
fuiScicat
r«flicient to e
»Uto the fea."
tli-uiirx, « "]
cnnntrj', re, t
'^herc IS no n
iwrt or harbo
W, from the n
<"ape where tl
commences ; <
toand from the
channel of the
river, and thei
the high fand I
cxtcnfive fettJei
the Balifi, or m
f'Pf>', which is t\
city of New Or,
from ^Tett, Ori
mouth of the iK,l
ern extremity of
rai/esmore. Frw
to the mouth of
miles further, an
river to the firft ]
«d cannot be mu
miles. Thus you
m«l«! to afcend
«^^nt», before yoi
grounds or coimti
extenfive cultivat
I circumftance atte
Vi'ry generally fcn
I ''^•olt of the lanj
ii/j^///, «xcfepr
wep, oppofite paJ
Orleans, and the fJ
i« a low funken cJ
astheO^o.greatl
near 4 Months inl
I from 30 to 30 fc J
I nearly 30 miles hal
jm-er.whileonthel
I Wept here and tJ J
J" high bold couil
J low grounds on til
I'h^thevaftquanl
l^hich flow into tif
loifcharged i the r|
■alone, which is up<
mn three fourth, ,
|"t vent the Rhmi
raters, if it was ndl
fw grounds, throul
F's, towards l,ake|
^^s, on the N f
^"xico and St. BarJ
rwardstheconfinel
r' tJie country tol
¥'M'f<f>/>i, fl low, J
r ni'iny hunrh ed
'01.. I.
s w
I line
,i»g the
I from
le, ae-
on the
hac in
urfcW
liana is
lumber
)f Mex-
of the
the eye,
up the
treat for
:ontinue
laft from
icrnaid's
coaft al-
divifion,
like fand,
,then out
• and its
tfcending
le mar(h-
firm land,
tide of
Unce are
. covered
winds in
row ncck»
continued
3« Pratz.']
[^ones or
iVes. "It
by every
ea. Pretty
d banks of
ing nation
old tradi-
up to this
this coun-
)uifiana, a*
.incd from
■yftal fand,
nd fuch as
Miflifippi ;
future ages.
m another
Louiliana.
a century i*
fufficieut
LOU
rnfliclent to eitcnd Louiilam two leag'iei
kito the fea." [Du Prat.:.]
Rivirt. " The greateft objei^ion to tliis
country, is, the difficulty of acccfs to it.
There is no river of any confequence, or
jrort or harbour for fhips or veflels, to the
W, from the mouths of the MififippUo the
cape where th6 W boundary of Lm'tfnna
commences ; confequently, the only way
toandfrom tlveOcean, muft be through i he
chRnnel of the MiJJiftppi, up as far ks Red
river, and thence up along that river to
the high land in the Appahmja country, or
A j/fA</of/'«,whcre thefirfl high landflt for
extenfive fettlements is to be found. Fro;-i
the BaVtfe^ or middle mouth of th« Mijft-
fippi, which is the fliip channel, up to the
city of Ntto Orlfiim, it is about lOO miles ;
from JV>TO Orleaiti to Mancbac, at the
mouth of the /iJAn»;//*, which is the north-
ern extremity of the ifland.it is about loo
miles more. From thence up thtf Mijpfippi
to the month of Red river it is about aoo
miles further, and from the mouth of Red
river to the firft high land, it is conjeiflur-
«d cannot be much fliort of another lOO
miles. Thus you have between 4 and 500
mile* to afcend rivers with rapid cur-
rents, before you can ftep on the high
grounds or country of Louifuimi, lit for an
extenfive cultivation; There is another
cipcumftance attending this country, not
very generally known, which is, that the
wlmle of the lands on the W fide of the
MiJUfipp't, «xciepf a flip of one plantation
deep, oppofite part of the idand ofA'^w
Orleans, and the fettlement at Point Coupee,
is a low funkcn country, almoft as far up
as the Oiio ; great part of it is covered for
near 4 nYonths in the year, with w.iter
from ao to 30 feet deep, and extending
nearly .30 miles back from the edge of the
river, while on the contrary, on the E fide
ptrept here and there a few low places, is
a high bold country. It is aerofs thofe
low grounds on the W fide principally,
thjt the'vaft quantity of furplus waters,
khioh flow into the Mijjyippi above, are
oifcharged \ the channel of that river
lalone, which is upon an average not more
Ihin three fourths of a mile wide, could
|imt vent the fiftieth part of thefe furplus
waters, if it was not conveyed over thefe
low grounds, through ten thoufand chan-
ids, towards l-ake Barrataria and other
kes, on the N coaft of the Gulf of
ifxho and St. Barnard's Bay, and other's
pwardsiheconfinesofiWirx/Vo.whichmakes
II the country to the W and S of the
'^'W'PP'h {I low, uninhabitable country,
ir muny hundred miles up, and what is
'01.. I. Mm
LOU
worfe, the labour of ..lan cannot prevent
it<"' I'hc Miflifippi is the principal
river of Louifiana, and the lurgeft in '
the United States. It rifcs in white Bear
Lake, lat. 48 15 N. Its rourfa is fouther*
!y, and its tributary ftrearas large and nu-
merous. In lat. .37 o 23 N,lon. 51, 55^ 38**
W from Greenwich. It receives the Ohio
a noble river 118S miles in length. Th*
confluence of thefe mighty rivers does not
prefent a Iccnc grand or romantic. Th«
country is level, and the profpetit of tbeir
union is not ditFerent from the meeting of
founds or rivers on the fea coafL Thei'a
rivers unite in that immenfe fwamp
through which the Mifllilippi pafl'es into
the gulf of Mexico. 'J his Iwamp extends
from the high lands in the United States
to the high lands in Louifiana, through
diiFerent parts of which the R. has had its
courle at different times. It is generally
from 36 to 45 miles in width; which at ev-
ery inundation is rnimy feet under water ;
the greater part of it being on the W fid«
of the river. From themotith of the Ohio
to the foutliern Lne of the U. S. there are
but two or three places not covered wit)»
water a part of every year, and thofe for a
time are annually infulatcd. On the £ fide
areelevenplnctsclcvatcdabovethehi^heft
floods. Like the Nile and all riversfubjcAto
inundation, the banks are higher on the
margin of the river than at a difiance from
them. Thofe fwamps and lakes, which
communicate immediately with the gulf
ot Mexico, never become full, confcquent-
ly fircams run from the Miififippi into
them till its waters fall. On thefe period!-
cat and temporary ftreams valuable faw
mills arc ere<£led in the vicinity of NeW'
Oihans. T[\t(\rf\pe>-vMHert body of wa-
ter, which leaves the Mifiifipgi, and fceks
tWiijulf of Mexico by another channel, is
tfce L'liafalia. It liwsmsdeits way through
the weflern bank, juft below the fnuthcrii-
line of the United States, and when the:
water of the river is high, its current is'
flrong, frequently drawing rafts and boat*
down its channel, which are generally loft.
Notwithftanding the m.ignicude of this
flrcam, it is not navigable to the gulf of
Mexico.^ It has forn^ed an immenfe floating
bridge of trees, focompaft, that cattle and
liorltsare driven over it. During theinun-
darion a confiderable flream called thtPay-
ouManchac or Ibbervillc, leaves thtMif-'
fifippi on the £ fide at Munchac, vhich
falls into the river Amit, whi^h pafies
through
• Th<'lMt•c-(^i^J:^f^^^rk'!arr trom a pnper pu^ .
lilV 1 ill c:li;4i le'ion (^S. C.) '.aid to ho lioni llf t n
■jf a^Jti-.'on woiivtUy uiruiiii-.! 1,11 thefuljnt.
'■.
ii
't. Il
lou
LO\S.
through lake Maurepa» into Liike Poiit-
charlraiiii, wlJch by fcvcral op^rnings nenr
the mouth of Pearl or Half Way river,
cnmmiinicatts with the gulf of Mexico.
Thirt for a part of the year places New
Orleans on an ifland, which may be call-
ed the D'.lta of Louifiana. A few miles
briuw M^uchac on the W fide, another
branch called Plaqiiemin, proceed^! from
the MiUllIppi, and by ft vera! mouths falls
ii\to the gulf of Mexico ; from this branch
there is a water comniiinication with the
Opvloufcis. At Ibtjic flii'lance below this
ou the fame fide a ftrcam called La Four-
chetprocLcds to the gulf of Mexico, into
^Mdich it falls by two clianucls or mouths.
Between New Orlcaiu ant^tlie IJalifc tlie
MilUlippi has ffvenil coniuiiiuications
with the Gulf of Mexico, but they arc
generally two llialluw tu have mucit im-
portance. [£/iii:o(t.]
Heil River, liai itt fource not far re-
ii)«»te from that of Rio Bravo or Rio del
Norte on whicli the city of Santa Kc is
luiilc,and in the fame mountains in whicli
the Miil^uri heads. Ic is faid thai Ihjats
^{°c(.'iid looo miles above tlie fittLmtnts
«)J" the Natoliitochts. Tlitre is faid to be
a chain of inonntains lying E and W,
forming .ricarty a tight anj^le with the
great N aftd S chain The fource of Red
IViycr;may \ye fupfjoftd to be in this cor-
ner ati it were.ot JLouifi/ma, and fcparated
by til© mo'ufetains of Santa Fi-, from the
f0utber:(<r4t>untrv beyoud *vhoIc (tr earns
wui J .''< Kthwatd^y into the bay of St.
Barrtard. Mitehill.
. :'^ On mh '£de of Rad R. are fome fcat-
tering fettlfements for about 50 miles, to
Baya)i Rapide, «n ^l^rJl'^ch are about 100
faniilice. The land h«rc, in point of fer-
tility, is inferior to,.notie iu the world;
and for about 40 miles hence, to the be-
ginning of the Appalufa jjrairies, pafling
Bayan Robert, afld Bayan BocUf (on which
a tew fettlements are beginning) the
cpuotry is cqiiatly rich, and as well tim-
Ijered as any iaud can be. It is perfedlly
level (refembling a rIVer bed) the foil so
feet deep, and like a bed of manure. High-
er Up Red river, the banks and low
grounds, (which are j or 6 miles wide)
arc nearly of the fame quality as the
lands on Bayan Rapide, with only this
difference, being of a texture fomewhat
loofer, which is perhaps an advantage.
Here are but ffew fettleraentsi till you
arrive at tht river Cane Settlements (fo
railed) which is 60 or 70 miles higher
up Red river. From this up to the vil-
Ligd or port of Natchitoches, which ts
about JO miles, and for 25 miles above
it, the banks of one branch of Red riv(r
are fettled in the fame manner as the Mif-
fifippi. It is impoOible to conceive of more
beautiful fields and plantations, or more
luxuriant crops of corn, cotton and to-
bacco. The town or port of Natchito-
ches, (where is a churtrh, the refidence of
the commandant, piicA, 10 or i a mer-
chants, and 30 or 4Q families) was for-
merly a French garriibn, and an put polt.
It is handfomcly litu.-ited on a hill, which
overlooks a great extent ot well cultivated
iieids : it was much larger 50 or 60 years
ago than at prefeut, owing to many of
the inhabitants, who before lived in the
garrifon, having, within thefe 30 or 40
years paft, fettled on plantations up and
down the river. From tttii place the
great wcllorn road take»K)/F towards Mex-
ico, and it will ever be ^u important place,
being the key to an immcnfe rich country.
The pi^pulatian of the didridl of Natchi-
toches, is between 4 and jooo. The low
grounds of Fed river, Hie generally 5 or 6
miles wide, and nu foil cau be richer, and
nfiarly ail alike ; confidcrable part of
which is overflowed annuallyin the month
of Ai,)vil;but it cootimies up but aihort
time, and always falls in time to plant coin
and tobBccu,andrtfes no moretill the fame
time the next year. There are fields that,
from ithe beft account I can obtain, have
been planted fucceflivoly for near loo
years in corn or tobacco^ and never known
to fail ia producing plentiful crcps, nor
is the foil apparently ia theleaft exhaufted.
It is particularly favourable for tobacco,
which grows remarkably luxuriant, and
has a very fine flavour. The foil has a
faline impregnation, which imparts ibme-
thing of it to the tobacco. The we'i and
river water is fomewl>at brackifh. One
hand here can make as much rubacco in a
feafon, as 4 or 5 on the beft land*; ia Vir-
ginia ot N. Carolina. It is made with-
out any hills being raifed, and grows lb
quick (from the flrength and warmth of
the foil) that they ufually cut it three
times : when prepared for market, it is
(lemmed and made into' twlfts of five
pounds each. From to to 100 buHiels
of corn can be made to the acre; Cotton
produces equally well. The gardens on
the n!^turalfoil (for they cannot be made
richer with manure) are not lefs aftonifti-
ing or extraordinary. I have particular-
ly obferved the very great height to
vi'lkich the artichoke grows; they .ire ufu-
.. ..... _„ . u... /. : a»y
LOU
LOU
aWf 10 feeti apd very fr«q.ueiitl3r i S an^ 1 5
feet high. In the ncighbvurhood ,of
>IatcbibQcfaes arc feveral fait fpritig^, tjic
waters of t^hich arc at l^aft thr^c tiipes
M ftrvng as fea water. Two bm!^, with
ZO or i» old pots and kettles, fupply f)ie
tcttionient on Red river with fait. Tjje
fprings are ahnoil inexhauftiblc, and
vrould admit of very large quai\tities of
fait b«i,pg made from them. Th*^re are
like^iii; plenty of .iron and copper ore,
pit coal, iliell and (lone lime. The dif-
ferent b;-anches of the river, the lakes,
creeks and bayans, abound with very fine
iifli, cockles, foft flieU^d turtle and
fhrimps, and in winter great varieties of
wild iowL This country is far from be-
ing ijckly. The river being very dee^p,
«locii not get much heated ; the houf«s are
immediately on its bank<, which are kept
perfedtly clean; and the water being
iaitiflj, prevents the exhalation of fickly
vapours; and it is happily freed frummany
of thofe troublefome infetH^ fo common
in the foutheni Aates, particularly the
bed bug. The mofchetto ib very rarely
feen herg. The high lands, which are all
vacant and unfettlcd, are covered with
a thick growth of oak, hickory, afli,
gum, f^fTaCras, dog^'ood, buckeye, grape
vines, &c. intermixed with fome iliort
leaved pine, and interfperfed witli prai-
ries, creeks, lakes and fountains : it is not
<nountainou8,but gently rifing hills and val-
lies, and generally a ftrong clay foil. But
the appearance of both tlte timber and
Hand is very much injured by the frequent
burning of the woods The country on
Red river is moft valuable, begins about
, 50 or 6*,mileaatx)vethe upperfettlcments,
andexteods 4 prjoomilcs. The R. there
never OT^rflowsits banks ; the low grounds
we widcandfromtheriver, for 40mileson
each fide, the lands are remarkably rich,
interfperfed with handfome prairies, beau-
tiful dreams and fountains ; alfo quarries
of O'eeftone, lime, flint, Hate, grit, and al-
mo(l every kind of (Icme. In afceuding
Red R. about 30 miles from the mouth of
it. Black riv^r falls in on the N fide ; this
is always a clear navigable ftream, for 5
or 600 miled. About 100 miles up it,
it branches, at the fame place, in three
different directions. The £ branch, called
theTenfaw, is navigable for many mil<^s,
affords rich land, which is all vacant.
The middle or main branch, called Wafli-
eta, is. navigable 500 miles, on which is
an old fettlement, affords exc<;lknt lands,
i9it fprings, kad.ouc, »jid pl^jnjy of very
good mill and grind (tones. The weft-
cm bra^ich, called Cnt<\hgla, ^on which
are 30 or .^0 faiv.ilies newly icttUd) run-*
Uu-dUgli a beautiful rich prairie couiitt) ,
in which is a l^~g,e lake, called Cutait^l.i
l.akc. On tliis lake arc fald to be ii ^rciit
number of fait f;)ringB, and very reniark;i-
ble accounts arc given ot tlie iAi and iow 1
with viiiicli it ul ounds. On the river
c^led Ozark, arc m;^ny valuable Uiid\t of
land, fume of which arc fettled. I'hc
fame of VVitite river and oaifit Fran-
cois." Sii/fy.
•Upj-et- Lo-.-ifana, ccmprdicndo »11 the re-
ms^ad4.'r of ihi« territory, and is the latg-
ek and niufl valiiiible [ .irt. It Las 1.. I^m-
ii'iiuia S, tl.e Mifiillppi E, and N and W
the highlands aud moiintaius which di-
vide the waters of the .St. Law rcnce, Hud-
fun's I3ay, and the r;u.iflc Ocean, hi.nx
thife ol UieMiJTufjppi. It is watered by
Red river, tiie Arkanfas, St. Franci^ and
the Miflouri, with a vail number 0|.' im.%11-
er (Ireams, which f^ll into thefe ur the
Mifl'ifippi. " from ihe lower fctt^cmejit,
at Sans la Gr^cc, to the upper fcttlcmcnti
on the AlifTuuri (a diilance of upwards of
250 miles) contiuning a jopuiaion of ,50
or 60,000, is a couiitry equal to Kentucky,
or any part of our v.c(lcin territory ; ai.d
the lead and iron niine& contained in it,
lender it a country of vaft imp^irlancp."
\SiLli:y.'\ " l"he bottom of the lands on
the hills, is a led clay, and A> coiii-
patSt as might aflbrd a folid foundation
for any building. 'J his clay is covered by
a light earth aimed black, and vcrv ici -
tile. The gr;ils j^rows |;eic knee high ;
and in the bottcm^, v/hich feparatc tJirlc
fmall eminences, it is higher th<>n the tall-
eft man. Towards the end of .'September
this grafs is fet on lire; and in 8 or 10
days after, young grafs (lioots up half a
foot high. One will eafily judge that in
fuch paftures heidsof all creatures fatten
extraordinarily." [/>» Pmiz.] As ytu
advance northwrird towards tlie Arkanfas
and St. Francis, the country beccmts more
beautiful and fertile, abounding in vari.
ous kinds of game, as beavers, &c. herds
of deer, elk, and buflalocs, of from 6 tu
ICO in a drove, arc frequently met with
in this wildernefs. In this vicinity have
been found fpecimens of rock chryftal,
plaflerof Paris, lead and iron ore, lime-
flone and pit coal, [itld.] '1 his country,
according to Father FIcnnepiu, has all ilie
trees common in Europe, befide others not
known thcie. Here are the fined ctdars
ia ths world, and a tree vicldinjj a frag.
raftS
II'' r> ' >
V !'^'
LOU
LOU
rant gum, which exceeJj the bed Earo*
f)ean iierfumes. The cotton trees are fo
argc that thu Indians make catnoes out of
thuir crunlcs, loo feet long. Hemp growi
here naturally ; tar is produced from the
pines on the fea coaft ; and the countrf
sfTDrUs every material for fhip building
Here are " vaft meadows which need not
be grubbed up, but arc ready for the
plough and feed. Bcanx grow without
culture ; and their ftalks fubfift feveral
years, bearing fruit at the proper feafon^.
The fl.'illcs are as big .is one's arm, and
like ivy ci'mb the liigheft trees. The
peach trees are fo fruitful that they break
if not fupported. The forcfts arc full of
mulberry and plum trees. Here are
pomegninatc and chefnut trees covered
with vines whofe grapes arc very large
and fwect. They have 3 or 4 crops of In-
dian corn in one year ; for they have no
other winter than Tome rains. Mines of pit
coal.leadand copper were Hiewnus by the
Indians ; alfu quarries of free (tone, and
of black, white and jafper like marble, of
which they make their calumets." [Hen-
n.'fint Nav D:f. of a large country in Americt,
^.139.] On** fpecies of timber, which is
common from the muuth of tlic Ohio
down the MifBlippi fwamp, is cotton
wood. It refemblcj the Lombardy pop^ar
in the quickncfs of its grovvih, and tlieloft-
nefs of the timber. There are alio the
p^paw and black afh, button wood or
fycamore, hickory, and cyprefs. This
lad is a valuable kind of timber, and
grows in great abundance. Here is alfo
wild cherry, faflafras, beech, chefnut and
Eermudian mulberry trees. From the
walnut hills to Point Coupee, and eaftcrly
15 or v> miles, the whole country in
its natural ftate was one continued cane
brake. The cane is generally 36 feet
high, often 42 ; intermingled with a fmaiU
er fpeeies, they continue thence on all the
creeks to the gulf of M:xico. [£///««.]
Ill the S wcftern part of L. Louiiiaua,
bordering on N. Mexico, the lauds are
excellent, covered in fome places with op-
en woods of tall trees, through which one
fuay, without difficulty, ride on horfe-
back; in other places the wct)ds are
thicker. Meadows of a rich foii are in-
terfperfed, the whole country is watered
by numerous rivers, and inhabited by an
abundance of wild animals, and other
;iamc. A ridge ^i high land from one to
fix leagues in breadth, commences fome
diflance W ot^the MifTilippi, and con-
tinues quiic 10 N> Mexico. The Red
river bounds it on the N, towards v\\iih
it declines by windings, where it is di-
verfified alternately with meadows and
wooda. I'he top of this ridge is almoft
bare, producing a fine grafs which grow*
between the (lonci. The buffaloes, when
driven from the plains by the rain, feed
on this gralfs, but becaufe they find here
neither water nor fait petre, they at oth-
er times confine themfelves to the plains.
As all cloven footed animals are extreme'
iy fond of fait, it is worthy of remark,
that Louifiana, in general, eontains a
great deal of faltpctre. Du Praiz.
Mineralt and fait luaUn. Above the
Nachitoches dwell the Cadodaquicbjs
Indians. Near one of their villages it a
rich filver mine. The iilver lies in a
floneof chefnut colour. Further N is
another filver mine. Lead ore is alfo
found in di/Tcrent plates ; alfo iron ore,
pit coal, niarbte, Ihtte, and plaflcr of Par-
is. Al'cending Black river, about 30
leagues, it receives from the W a brook
of ialt water. Its fouicc is a lake of falc
water 2 leagues didant, which is about 6
miles lon^, and 3 broad ; 3 miles N of
this is another fait lake nearly as large.
N of Red river is a I'pring of water very
fait. [Da Prai%.\ About 600 miles up
the Millburi are found large quantitii»
of folllle fait. Whole hilU of it are near
t he river, and, from fpeciniens which have
been exhibited, it appearsof an exccllenc
quality. The lead ore at St. Genvieve is
remarkably pure and produ«^ive. There-
is no regular company for procuring and
working it ; but the fettlers at their Icif-
ure dig for it, futisficd with what they
find within 15 feet depth. Mr. Auftin
(from Coune«Slicut) fettled in the neigh-
bourhood, purchafes confidcrabie of the
inhabitants for the works he hasfet up for
making flieet lead and fliot. It is found
to yield from 60 to 74 per cent, from the
native ore. The common method the
people ufe for fmelting it, is only to make
a fire with logs and decayed timber, and
then pile on the ore and let it melt, and
take up the lead from the aibes of the
heap. Gilman.
Rivert. St Peter is the firR branch of
the Mifijfippi worthy of notice below the
falls of St. Anthony. It comes from the
W. This is a confiderable river. Man-
ggna is a branch from the W, which ca-
ters the Mifilfippi 250 leagues below the
falls ; it is 150 leagues in length. The
MifTouti has a courfe of 800 leagues, and
mingles it^ Witters with the MifCrippi,
300
Names and Siti
LOU
LOU
jOO leagues below St. Aiithony*i* fall*.
The Caazai, one of its branches, is in
length 150 leagues, Tlie St. Francis is a
confiJerable branch, which falls into the
MiiCrippi more than 30 leagues above the
Arlcanfas : this laft Aream has its mouth
200 Icigues above New Orleans. Its
fource is in the mountain of Santa Fe in
N. Mexico ; its courfe is firft a little N
for zoo leagues ; it then turns S £ ; it's
length is about 300 leagues.
Climate. During the winter the weath-
er is very changeable, generally through*
out Lower, and the fouthern part of
Upper Louifiiina. In fummer it is regu-
larly hut. In the latitude of the N^ttchez,
Farenhcit'ft thermometer ranges from 17
to 96.° The average degree of heat, is
ftatcd to be 14*^ greater tliiu In Pennfyl-
Viuiia. [Etlkot.'] Tlie climate of liOUifi-
ana varies in proportion as it extends
northward. Its fuuthe n parts are not
fubjecft to the fame degree of heat, as the
fame latitudes in Africa, nor its northern
parts to the fame degree of cold as the
correfpondiug bt^ruJes in Europe; ow-
ing to the thick woods which cover the
country, and to the great number of riv-
trs which iuterfecl it. The former pre-
vent the fun from frorching the earth;
the latter caufe a great degree of humidi-
ty which roftensthe air, and prevents ex-
treme cold. [Da Protx.] The prevail-
ing difeafes on the lower part of the O-
hio, on the MifTifippi, and through the
Floridas, are bilious fevers. In fome fea-
fons they are mild, and are little more
than common intermictents, in others
they arc highly malignant, and approach
the genuine ytllow fever of the W. In-
dies. EUlcnt.
Subdivlfiont anJ Pofiiilatloii, We have
already divided Louiflana, as ceded t(>
the U. States, into three grand divilions,
viz. Eiiflern, Lower and lU/ivr Lauijianu.
Wc (liall now notice their, fubdivifion^.
It will be proper previoufly to remark,
that the modern divilional line between
U. and L. LouiHana does not correfpond
with tlie one already defcribed by Dii
Fratz, feparating the territory iviiLeut
from the territory "witb (loncs ; it com-
mences much higher up the Miflifippi, at
La I'etite Prairie, near New Madrid, a-
bout lat.^6 30 N. The bed view of the
fuhdiviOnns and population of Louifiana,
is contained in the tolH>wing table, which
has the (lamp of ofH.'ial authority, having
been communicated to Congfefs by the
Prefident of the U. States, in the Appen-
dix of his account uf Louifiana.
Namks ako Situation of the Posts or Districts,
Bahze to New Orleans, .....
San Bernado or Torre aux boeufson a creek running 7
from the Englifh turn E to the fea and Lake Borgna,5
City of New Orleans and fuburbs, ...
Bayou St. Jean and Chantilly between the city and 7
Lake Pontehartrain, ..... ^
Coaft of Chapitoulas, or along the Banks of the Mil-
lippi 6 leagues upwards, ....
Firll German Coaft, from 6 to 10 leagues upwards on
both banks, . ■ . . . . . ^
Second do. from ic leagues and ending at 16 do. •
Catahanofe.or fird Acadian Coa ft, commencing at 16"^
leagues above the City and ending at 23 on both C
banks, ....... ^
fouche or fccond Acadian Coaft from 23 to 30 leagues?
above town, - ..... ^
Valenzuela or fettlcments on the Bafon de la Fouehe
running from the W fide of the Milfifippi to the
fea, and called in old maps the Fourchb or Rivi-
ere des Chilimachas, - ■ - _
lbbcrviUeParifii,commeneingat about 30 leagues from 1
Orleans and ending at the river of the fame nume,5
Galveztown, fituated on the river Ibberville, between^
the Miffifippi and Lake Maurcpas, oppofite the (
mouth of the Amit, - • - ^
\
• iirhitei-
vi\:c pel-
ph of
:ff!ur.
SLtyis.
—
—
—
3948
^335
»773
688
"3
162c
883
ai
IC46
138a
—
818
677
—
464
1797
—
267
6j8
^i
;38.6
ai3
8
26
Total. -
1388
66x
8054
489
X444
24a z
2«p«
1141
2064 ]
•zojy !
^IJ It
U7
Goveraoiect
\m
LOU
LOU
Namii and SrruATieN or riie Posts or Diitricts. lyhitei
Government ut buton Rouge, including all the fettle-*^
men^t between (he Ibbcrville and the line of demark- V 9jg
ation, - - - - - 3
Pointe Coupte and Falfe River behind it 50 leagues from 7
Orleans, on the W ri<!e of the Mifltfippi, • { ^^"^
Atacapas, on the rivcTi Ttche <ind Vermillion, &c. tol
the W of the Miilifippi.and ne^r the fca, - J
Opeloulas adjoining to, and to the N E of the foregoing, 1646
Ouachita on the river of the fame name or upper part^
of the filack river, which empties into the River C .
Rouge, - - - - - .>
Avoyelles on the Red river, about leagues from the 7 ,
Miffilippi, - - - - . J 33ft
Rapide on do. about leagues higher up, • 584
Natchitochrs on do. about 75 leagues from the Mif- "i _
6fippi, - S ''^
Concord, an infant fattlement on the banks of the? ^^ ^^
Miflliippi, oppoGte Natchez, ... ^ known.
Arkanfaiiua the river of the fame name,about ii leagues?
from its mouth, - 5 ^^^
SpaniQi Illinois, or U. Louifiana, from La Petite Pra-7
irie, near New Madrid, to the Miflburi, inclufive, viz. 5
St liOuia, on the Miflifippi 5 leagues below the Mif- 7 r
fouri, - - - - - - ■">
Carondelet, on the Mifllfippi two leagues below St. 7 «
Loob, - - - - - J
St. Charles, on the Miflburi 7 leagues from its mouth, 7 »
and 6 from St. Louis by land, - - 3
St Feroando, or HarifTerct, 3 leagues from St Louis on 7
the road to St. Charles, - - . J 'Jy
Marias de Liards, a league W of St. Fernando, - 337
Marajsee, 00 the river of its name, . . 115
St Andrews, 5 leagues above St Charles on the Mif- 7 ,.
fouri, - -^ - - - $
St Generieve, on the MiiTiiippi oppofite Kaikaikias," 636
Kew Boijirbon, 3 league below St Genevieve, . 445
Cape Girardeau, - . - . 416
New Madrid, on the Mifllfippi, 13 leagues below the?
mouth ofOhio, - - - - J '
Little Meadow, 7 leagoes below New Madrid, on the 7 <
W bank of the Mifllfippi, ... .J *''
Mobille and country between it and Orleans, and bor- 7
ders of Lake Pontchai train, - - -5
Pcnfacola, ezcfufive of lihe garrifop (not exceeding) •
/tie ,;/•
r iliit(r.
Slavti-
Total.
16
J8
56
3»
X
«05
539
151
1603
aijo
530
r447*
S08
a4.54
9A
169
846
48
55
42'
310
114
3
3^i
455
753
1631
383
925
184
895
476
579
"J
393
9491
560
5"
78}
49
8col
300 1
" 8t,i44 I 17.68 I ia9ao | 4a.37i l
*' Mtmorandum. This ceafus is taken from the lateft retums,'but is nanifeflly incorreflil
the population being under rated ; from fome places there have been no returns for tliel
laft fevcti years, and from thofe made this year it is eafy to fee that certain caufes inducrdl
the iiUiahiiants |o give in ibort raturns of their ilaves aqd of their x)wn numbers. Tliel
S^anilh gbvernncnt is fully perfu^dedthat the population ^t iprefent confidcrably cxceedil
50,000 fcikils," "'A conjei^ural eftimation made -by a gentleman of great refpcdlability, »nC
cqrxc^ il^fermatian, reiidin^ at jNatche^, raifes the number of whites in ithc i<Lind of Or*]
Ieiir.s,onjthe Wjfide of the river (tndfome fettlemcntsonthcJiiidc fo 50^x50, imd theNof
pf blacky to 39,8ao. Hie Aatemett^ follows,
\.i \ ■ . ' . . . "" ■ ' , :'' I. 'I'liol
• Anoiriial document «f Tuly, 1803, fl^ten tli: No. of inhaliUants at Aitacapns .i^ ajTn'wbitr^f 7<P ft« Jl"
)\9i^^r^i)^xe:,MA 1266 flavti, total, ^46, The rciurns fioii; U(>cloufM, aic fupjofeJ to Iw under niuiil
Namisano
»■ i he IffanU t
and fetilcmci
a. The \V mar;
pec and extci
3- Atacapas, a
the Miinfipp
4- Opeloufas, o
J. Red River, i
V>d mtcLitt
'«)iii'a«.)
d- Oiichita (riv«
7. Concord a fc
fiif to Natch(
8. Arkanf;i8 Riv
9- New Madrid
10. Illinois and i
M/ft The fe
Feliciana, on the
line ofdcm»»rkiti
iug fome eftubiiil
"The inhabits
chieflythedefceni
Canadians. Tlie
number of jEBglifli
Orleans. The tv]
peopled by tha J
(fpm Germany, an]
wi^them. Thef
ments up to Batoil
Acadians, baniilieJ
the Englifh, and t|
■jovcmmeint of Bi
the ^ fide, which
lietwoen thelbber
line, is compofed
Vuryfew French,;
of Americans. (.
ttoftly Acadians :
Faufiee river they I
2ns ; of the popuj
and Opeloufas, aj
American; Natchj
river, contains but]
•he remainder of ]
fienqfc} but thef J
ous in the other feif
viz. Avoyelles, Raj
Arkanfas they are:
New Madrid, Ama
fifths, if not a grel
«fc«X«ttlers oa the i
LOU
LOU
Nam«sand Situation ot thr Posts or DisTRicri,
«'/;//«,
nUrkt.
'\Tillih:
1. I'hf Ilfcinil ot New OrleaiiH with tlic uppofitc; iiiar^in '
and IctilcmcnU adjacent computed at,
a. The \V margin fiom M^nduc including Poiute Cou-
pee and extending tu the Red River, - - . 1
3. Aucapas, along llic ica cokft hctwecn the DcitalSf
the MiiFifippi and tlie wcAcrii bnundary, - |
4. Opcloufai, on the N orAt4capa<4, ...
S- Red River, including Bayou Dctiif. Avoyrile, Rapides
s^nd Natchitoches, (the two firA bounding on Ape- C
loiiran.) - • - - - 3
6. Ouchita (river falling into the Red river from the N.)
7. Concord a fcitJemeni on tiie margin ol tlic river oppo> ^
file to Natchez, . . - . ^
8. Arkanfiis River, -..--.
V. New Madrid and viiiinity, ...
10. Illinois aud Min'ouii, - - - .,
. t'jth&i:
»5,oco
4000
1600
JOOO
1 300
200
6f)0
4CC0
a J, cor
j;ooc
ICOf
jooi-
1C(
5000
800
350
ISO
leoo
jqo
40
3JO
ICCO
Note. The feittlfincnts of Baton Rouge and New
Fciici^n.t, on the £ fide ot the River, lying hettvecn the
line of deniark;ition lat, .ii^ and ihc Iliherville, includ-
iugl'omc edublillimciUit oa the livur Aniit, &c. contalu,
.V. f»Ti«l»ii t)t.t«r''j ( \\-ri ,
47iiJo
3000
foo
9740
■ s
600
TO.t KO
?9fiio' 10,1 40
•' The inhabitants of T-ouifiana are
chiefly %\\a defccndunts of the Fritiich and
Canadians. Tiicre arc a coniidcrable
number of Eaglifh and American* in New
Orleans. The two Germah. coaAs are
peopled by th« dcfcendanti of fettlers
frpra Germany, and a few f reach mixed
'Wi^-tiiem. The thre^ fucceeding fettle-
meiits up to Baton Rougf! contain mofUy
Acadians, baniflied from Nova Scotia by
the Englifh, and their defoendants. The
Ipvemment of Baton Rouge, efpecially
the jL fide, which includes all the country
l>etw«en the Ibberville and the American
line, is compofed partly of Acadians. a
Very few French, and of a great majority
of Americans. On the W fide they are
moftly Acadians : at Point Coupee and
Fauffee river they are French and Acadi-
ans ; of the population of the Atacapas
and Opeloufas, a confiderable part is
American; Natchitoches, on the Red
river, contains but a few .Americans, and
the remainder of the inhabitants are
Flench } but the former are more numer-
ous in the other fettlemeats on that river,
viz. Avoyelles, Rapide, and Ouacbeta. At
Arkanfas they are moAly French ; and at
Kew Madrid, Americans. At leaft two
fifths, if not a greater proportion of all
tktiettlers on the SpaniOi iule of the Mift
llfippi, in the Illinois country, are likewife
fu{fpofcd to be Amcricani< Below New
Orleans the population is altogether
French, and the defcendants of French'
men." {JffferfJn.'] I'ho natives of the
iouthcrn jxirt of theMiflifippl arefpr^ht-
ly, have a turn for mechanics,, and the
fine arts, but their I'yftcm of education is
fo wretched that little real fcience is ob«
tained. Many of the planters arc opu-
lent, induftrioUs, and hol'pitahle. Ellitctt.
" There is a militia in I^ouiflana. The
following it the return of it, made to the
Court df Spain, by the Daron of Caron-
delet.
From Balijie to the tity ) Tolun> MilHli.
teers of the MifCfippi ; 4 corn-
panic) of 100 men each;com« .5 '
plete, - - - - 400
City ; Battalion of the city, 5
companies, ■ ' - - - 500
Artilleiy company, with fuper- i
numcraries, - - - HO
Carabineers, or privileged con>- < • ■
paiiies of horfc, t companies ot 1 >/« A'
70 each ; inc»nnplete> - - ioo
Mulattoes, a companies ; ne-
froes, I do. - - ■ 30o
lixed legion of the MifGfippi, com-
prehcndtBj Galvectown, Baton Rouge,
., . , pointe
LOU
LOU
yuint« Cuupce, Atacapai, and Ope!'
•uf^t, VIK.
a companlci of Orenadiert,
8 <lu. of funicer*!
4 do. of (IragnoiK,
» do. lately added from Bayou Sara,
l6 I'limpanicsof lOo men each, 1609
Avoyalkt i conipanyof infantry,
Oucneta, I do. of cavalry, - -
Natchitoches, I do. of infantry
and I of cavalry,
Arkanfai, x do. of infantry and
cavalry,
Illinois, 4 do. of caralry,
4 do. of infantry:
Provincinl rcjjiinentofCicTm.ins
and Acadians, fn»m the firfl
German coad to Ibhcrville,
10 companies, viz. 2 of grenadiers, 7
8 of fuhlcersi
Mobille and the country E of
Lake Poncliartrain,
1 companies of horfe and foot
Htcomplctc, - - - I to
'J 'nirsearrnl.
Y,( thf coinplc*
J iiicm:.
ICO
100
200
100
?00
1000
i440
A gentleman of repeifliibillty, makes
the number of the militia to amount to
10,340 men wiihin the fame limits to
which the lad edimate of the popula-
- tion applies. He diftributes them in the
feveral :''.'Ctlemeu(8,as follows :
1. Tl. • '(lands of New Orleans,
- with the < :>poftte margin and the
adjacent fettlements, - - 5000
2. The wed margin from Man-
- chac, including Pointe Coupee,
and extending to the Red river, 800
3. Atacapas, along the coad,
between the Delta of the MiiTi-
iippi and the river Sabine, • • 350
4. Opeloufas, - - - 750
5. Red river, including Bayou
. Bauf, Avoyelles, Rapide, and
Natchitoches, - ^ • zooo
6. Ouachita, - - ; *),; jco
f. Cimcord, - - -40
8. Atkrv»f:ii, - - - 150
■ g. New Madrid and its vicinity, 3J0
]0> Illinois, {md Miflburi, - xooo
• II. The fcttlemeuts On the eaft
fide of the Miffifippi, from the
American line to the Ibbcrville,
acd fome other fettlements, - ,1600
■ . 10,340
- It 19 to be oliferved, that none of tlafe
ftatements include the country beyond
the river Sabiue, iipr even al.l tUofe which
lie Mflw." rdly of it. Data are alfo want*
ing to give them." 7#'/"'.
fortijLat'ioiis, St. I^ouls has a lieiiicnant
colonei to ciiinmand in it, and but fe.v
troopi. Baton R.o\)ge is an ill conftriK.h
cd fort, anil has about 50 men. In lU-
fcribliig the c;«iihI of Cnrondelct.thc fr.i.tll
fort ol'iit. Jean has been mentioned, as lii«
the block houl'e at the Dalizc in it* prop-
er pUcc. The furtilicittionsof New Oi-
lcans, noticed before, confid of five ill con-
flru<£led redoubts, with a covered wav.
palifade and ditch. The whole i< goiiv;
fart to decay, and it is lupplofed tlity
would be of but little fervicc, in calc lit
an attack. Thou.^'h the powder mw^.^-
zinc is on the oppollte fide of the riv.r,
there is no fiifiicient provifion made fur
its temov.il to the city, in cnte of rocd.
'I'he fort of Plaquemines, which is alxnit
12 or 13 leagues from tlie fea, is an ill co'i-
Arudled, iriegular brick work, on the
eaftern fide of the Miirifippi, with a ditcii
in front of the river, and protciSed »>n the
lower fide by a deep cteek, flowing from
the river to f he fea. It i', however, im-
perfcdly clofed behind, and almufl with-
out defence there ; too much reliniice
having been placed on the fwampinefs of
the ground, uhicli 'hardens daily. It
might be taken, perhaps, by ifcaL-ide,
without ciifficulty. It is in a drgree ruin-
ous. The principal front is meant to de-
fend the approach from the Tea, and can
oppofe, at rtioft, but eight heavy guns. It
is built at aturnio the river, where (hipt
in general muft anchor, as the wind which
brings them up fd for is contrary in the
next reach which they moftly work
throiigh ; and they wouid therefore l«
expofcd to the fire of the fort. On fhe
opp(tfire hank are the ruius of a fmall
clofed redoubt, called Fort Bourbon, iilt;-
ally gafrrifoned by a fcrjeant's comminJ.
Its fire was Intended to flank that of tht?
Fortof I'laquemines, andprevf-nt fliippin;;
and fraft from afiending or dcfcendipj
on that fide. When a vcflel ajipeiin, ;i
fignal is made on onu fide, and .infwerwl
on the other. Should flie attempt to pals
without fending a boat on fliore, fiie
would be immediately fired upon.
IniihTus, -Tlifc Indian nations within
the limits of Lbuiliana are un faf icnowa
as follows, and ronfifl of the numbers
hercaftrr fpeciHed. On the eaflern bink
of the Miffifippi, :diout 15 Icngues above
Orleans; the rem.iins of the nation of
IIouTOrf* or Red M«n, wliith i<) not e>-
««ed 60 per,
diani fetilrd
«r in Louifi
(hey are at ti
wandering C
the Mimfipp
Tounicai let
Coupee on t
60 pcrfoni."
the Bayou Tei
from the fea, i
^^u, confiftinj
Atacapas, pm
throughout th(
the Bayou or ^
too foul«. vir
Bi'oxis and Ch
di'e, which emi
JO fouU." '
" Ix the Op,h^
Two village, of
of the diftria, r
of 100 perfon
through the cou
Sabinaj and itt n
perfons."
'^OntbiRlvtr
'cagucs from th
of the Biloni na
'akeofthe Avo
^'O fouls. At the
the Miflifippi, is
100 fouI.H, and an
a leagues from ■!,(
'^ or 9 leagues h
•*a village of abr
arc occafionallye
"n their neighbou
•wit 80 leagues
the Red River, „
ooquies, called b
5"«?y can raife f
arc the friends of
t«med the brave
all the nations in 1
•Te rapidly decrca
Peranccand the
»royed by the <
fhereare, bcfidck
'" Joo families of 1
Perled on the \V
on the Ouacheta m
w as Natchitoches
;r'"rfd have cmigr
%P; had it not be,
"fthe Spaniards ai
^de who had fuf
Cons.,"
Voi. 1.
1
Cfcd 60 prrfoM. Tliere ift no other fo-
diani fettlrd on this lide of the river cith-
er in Louifiana or W. Florida, though
they are at times frequented by partici uf
wandtring ChotSlawi. On the ^^ ide of
the Mifliuppi are the remaini of the
Tounicat lettled near, and above Pointe
Coupee on the river, confiding of 50 or
60 pcrfoni." 'Jifftff*"'
" In the Alacapi. On the lower purti of
t he Bavou Teche at about 1 1 or i a league*
from the fea, are two viilajjet of Chilima-
chai, confining of about too foul*. The
Ataeapas, properly fo called, dirperfed
throughout the diftridk, and chiefly on
the Bayou or creek of Vermilion, about
too foul*. Wanderer* of the tribe* of
Biloxii and Cho«!law* on Bayou Croco*
dite, which empties into the Teche about
JO fouls." iHd.
" In the Opihufai to tbt N IV of Atactfai,
Two village* of Alibamas in the centre
of the diftri«5l, near the church, confifting
of xoo perfon*. Conchates difperfed
through the country at far W as the river
Sabinasand it* neighbourhood, about 350
perfoni," ibid.
•♦ Oh tht Rlvtr Xour^e. At Avoyelles, 19
leagues from the MifTillppi, is a vilhge
of the Biloni nation, and another on the
lake of the Avoyelles, the whole about
60 foul*. At the Rapidc, a'') leagues from
the MifTifippi, ii a village of Chot^aws of
xoo foul.4, and another of Bihiz.'S, ah )ut
2 league* from ft,of about 100 more: about
8 or 9 league* higher up the Red River
iita village of about 50 foii!^. All thefe
arc occafionally employed l)y the fettlers
in their neighbourhood a* boatmen. A-
bone 80 leagues above Natchitnches on
the Red River, is the nation of the Ca-
doquies, called by abbreviation Cados ;
they can raife from 3 to 400 warriors,
are the friends of the whites, and are ef-
teemed the braved and mod generous of
all the nation* in this vad country ; they
are rapidly decreafing, owing to intern*
perancc and the numbers annually dc-
ftroycd by the Ofagfs and Choi!b:iws.
There arc, befidc the foregoing, at lead 4
to joo families of Chodlaws, who arc dif-
perfed on the W fide of the Miilifippi,
on the Ouacheta and Red rivers, as far
W as Natchitoches, and the whole nation
woiHd have emigrated acrofu the Mifil-
fippi had it not been for the oppofition
of the Spaniards and the Indians on that
fide who had fuiFercd by their aggref-
fioiis.?' Olid.
" On the River Arianfis, isfc. Between the
i Vol. I. N n & O
"LOU
Red River *n^ *\e Arkanfa* there art bift
a fc^'' Indians the rr*n4ins of tribe* almolt
cxtindt. On thi* lad rivr is (he nation
i>f the fame it me, confiding of about 169
w (Trior*, they ate brave yet priccal>l«
and well difpnfed, and have Avi*y% been
attached to theFrcachiandcfpuufcd (heir
caufe in their wars with the ChicLtf.twt,
whom they hive always refidcd with fuc<
ctf*. They live in three viiiagci, the fird
i* at 18 l«a^uc* from the MidiGppi on the
Arkanfa* rivur, and the others are at %
and 6 leagues from the fird. A fcarcity
of game on the eadern fide of the Mifl!«
fippi has lately inducid a number of Cher*
okeet, Chu«ftaws, Chickafaws, &c. to frc«
qucnt the neighbourhood of Arkanfas
where game is dill in ^ibundance ; they
have coiitradled marriages with the Ai>
kanfas, and feem inclined to mnke a per*
mnnent fcttlcmcnt and incorporate tliL-m*
felvcs with that nation. The numb.-r it
unknown, hut is confidcrable and is every
day increaling. On the river St. Francis,
in the neigbt'urhood of New M;idin',
Cape Oirar<ieau,Reviere a la Pi:mnii-,nud
the environs, are fettled a nuui'.tcr of Vag-
abonds, cinigr.ints from the Dd'w.in*,
Shawncfe,Miami», Cliiikafaw.,(jlierokoo3,
Piorias, and fuppofed to cunOd in all of
500 families; they are at times troiil)l«.
fome to the boats dnfccndijij; the river,
and have even plundvifil iomc <tf l' :ni
andcoininitttd a fe*v iiiurdor-i. Tin ire
attached to liquor, fcMom rct.ialij loi.j; in
any plate, many of tlx'mfpeik Vjiyjilii, iill
iiiiderdand it, an.! ther a.i-c Ionic 'vho
even read and wri'f- it Ai ;i' Ot:n( vieve
in the Icttlcnu iit among tfie whites iirc
about 30 Fiorlas, KatLalkim, and llliuoii,
who fcld(mi hunt for foar of the orhcr In-
dians ; they arc tiic remains of a nation
which 50 years ngo could bring into tlie
field' 1200 warriors." >«/./.
•' On IL' Aljfuiiti. On the Mi (Tour! and
its wate'R .ire ni;tny .'md numerous nations,
the bed known of which are ; The Olnjjci,
litu.itcd on the river ot the fiirac nnnie on
the right bank of the Mi(l"ouri,at ahout Xo
leagues from its confluence with it; they
confid of 1000 warriors, who live in two
fettlcments at no {^n-at did.ince from each
other. They are of a gijijnti fiatiirc and
well proportioned, are enemies of the
whites and of .ill other Indian nations, r.nd
commit deprcdaticms from the Illinois lo
the Arkanfis. The trade of this n.ition
is faid to be untlcr an exclufive ginnt.
They are a cruel and ferocious race, and
are luted and feared by all the other \a-
diaai.
It
I I
f
LOU
LOU
dians. The confluence of the Ofage river
with the MilTouri is about 8 leagues from
the Miinfippi. Sixty leagues higher up
the Miiluuri, and on the lame bank, is the
river Kanzas, and on it the nation of the
fame name, but at about 70 or 80 leagues
from its mouth. It confifts of about 250
vrarriors, who are as fierce and cruel as
the Ofagcs, and often moled and ill treat
thofc who go to trade among them. Sixty
leagues above the river Kanzas, and at
about zoo from the mouth of the MifTou-
ri, ilill on the right bank, is the Rivierre
Platte, or Shallow River, remarkable for
its quickfands and bald navigation; and
near ita confluence with the MiflTouri
dwells the nation of Octoladtos, common-
ly called Otos, confiding of about aoo
warriors, among whom arc 25 or 30 of
the nation of Miflburi, who took refuge
:tmon,^ them about aj years iince. torty
1 ^ag'.iL'S up the Ritcr Platte yuu come to
the nation of the Fanis, compolcd of a-
liout 700 warriors in 4 neighbouring vil-
lages 5 they hunt but little, and are ill
provided with iire arms : they often make
w*r on the Spaniards in the neighbour-
hood of Santa Fe, from which I hoy arc not
far diftant. At 300 leagues from the Mif-
fifippi and joo from the River I'Litic on
the fame bank, are htuated the villages of
the Mahas. They confifted in I7y9[, of
500 warriors, but are faid to have been
almoft cut ofF lafl: year by the fmall-
pox. At 50 leagues above the Mahas,
and on the ieft bank of the Miflburi, dwell
the Poncas, to the number of 2^0 war-
riors, pofTeflJng in common with the M.v
h.18 their language, ferocity, and vices.
Their trade has never been of mtich value,
jind thofe engaged in it are expofed to
pillage and ill treatment. At the Uiltancc
cf 450 leagues from the rvliliilippi, and on
t!ie right bank of the Miffouii, d.vell the
Aiicaras, to the number of 700 warriors,
find 60 leagties above them, the Mundane
nation, couljfting of abi-ut 700 warriors
likewife. Thcfe two laft nations are well
difpofcd to tlie whites, but have been tlie
viiiliins of the Sioux, or Naiuloweflics,
who bciiiji; themfelves well provided witli
fire arms, iiave taken advantage cf thede-
f.Micelcfs fituationof the others, and have
on all occalions murdered them without
mercy, t.'o difcoverics on the Miilburi,
beyond the i\TaiKlanc nation, have been
accur;:tcly derailed, tlioiigh tiit Uif^er";
Invc been inforr.tcd, that many nnvipablc
livers dilcl'.Mrrt.' tlicir WHtci>i inloil, r.hove
it,andtha;ihcTC'a^cmaiiyauiKcrousaution&
fettled en them. The Sioux, or Miind6-
weflics, who frequent the country between
the N bank of the MifTouri and Mifljfippi,
are a great impediment to trade and navi-
gation. They endeavour to prevent all
communication with the nations dwelling
high up the Miflburi, to deprive them of
ammunition and arms, and thus keep them
fubfervient to themfelves. In the winter
♦hey are chiefly on the banks of the Mii-
fuuri and maflacre all who fall into their
hands. There are a number of nations at
a diflance from the banks of the Miflburi,
to the N and S, concerning whom but lit-
tle information has been received. Re-
turning to the Mifliflppi and afcending it
from the Miflburi, about 75 leagues above
the mouth of tiie latter, the River Moin-
goua or Riviere de Moinc enters the Mif-
lifippi on the W fide, and on it are fituat-
ed the Ayoas, a nation originally from the
Miflburi, fpeaking the language of the O-
tachatas : it coniifledof 200 warriors, be-
fore the fmallpox lately raged among
them. The Saes and Renards dwell on the
Mifliiippi, about 300 leagues above St.
Louis, and frequently trade with it ; they
live together,and con lifted of 500 warriors;
their chief traile is with Michilimakinac,
and they have always been peaceable and
friendly. The other nations on the Mif-
liiippi, higher up, are but little known to
us. The nations of the Miflburi, though
cruel, treacherous, and hifolent, may
doubtlefs be kept in order by the United
States, if proper regulations are adopted
with refpe(51: to them. It is faid that no
treaties have been entered into by Spain
with thcr Indian nations wcflwaid of the
M:nirippi, and that its treaties with the
Creeks, Cliodlaws, <Scc. are in efteiSl fupcr-
ccdcd by our treaty with that power of ths
27th Odiober, 1795." ibid.
" Cultivation of Suirar. The fuijar cane
may be cultivated between the river
Ihbcrville and the city, on both iides
of the river, and as far back as the
fwamps. Below the city, however, the
lands decline fo rapidly that beyond 15
miles the foil is not well adapted to it.
>\.hove the Ibberville the cane would be
alVeiflcd by the cold, and its produce
would therefore be uncertain. Within
thefc limits the beft planters admit that
one ijiiartor of the cultivated lands of any
conliderabic plantation may be planted
in Ciaic, one quarter left in paflure, and
the reinainin;; Jir.lf eujploycd for provil-
ioiis, ^c. and ;: n.-fi-ivc for a change ol
crops. 0:ie Pari!i.ui »\rpcn,t of 1**°
feet
■ feet ft]
duce 01
gnr,and
data, adi
arc plai
about ^
fult that
in round
%ar, wi
Taking
fit for fug:
the whol
25,000 Jio
quantities
*iic4, hav
^Jom I.oui
In 17
i8(
iSc
x8c
"TromPoii
A^exico, th(
better than
has within i
^apJe comm
fifippi. Ec
above 64 fuj
Dually aboui
^ psoportior
"Jolafl'cs. I|
1000 fugar
equal to tho
"»'ght turn
heads, of 10
fide a prop<
and molafles.
" Import! u
of I-<ouifiana
rice, furs, ail
lead, flour, ht
alone itwanti
aftonilhing d
Ihc climate fa
eommunicatic
province cer
lollowing has
the prcfent e>
30,000 bales
ton,of3cwt,
at 40 cents
4500 caflcs of
10 cwt. cad
cents pcr.lb
800 do. mo[
100 galls, ea
ludij
%o,
LOU
LOtJ
tl .
WCt'U
ifippj.
navi-
int all
irelling
em of
j) them
winter
e Mil-
to their
tlons at
liffouri,
but lit-
d. Re-
nding it
a abtn'c
r Moin-
the Mlf-
re fituat-
irom the
jf the O-
riors, he-
el among
rellonthe
ibove St.
I it ; they
, warriors;
limakinac,
-cable and
fi the Mif-
known to
ri, though
lent, mar
he United
re adopted
[id that no
\ by Spain
[aid of the
U with the
[fteit fuper-
lower of ths
ibid.
fugar caue
the river
I both lides
xk as the
iwcvcr, the
beyond i5
lapted to it.
iie would be
[its produce
^in. Within
admit that
land* of any
I be planted
pafture, »w\
'■ for provd-
la change oi
cut of '^°,
' Ictft 1
feet tqxnrt may be expected to pro-
duce on an average, laoo weight of fi;-
gnr.and jo gil!<ui9 ot mm. Fronithc above
data, admitting.that both Tides of the river
arc planted for 90 miles in extent and
about i^ths of a mile in depth, it wi I rc-
lult that the annual produtEt may amount
in round numbers, to 25,000 hogflieads of
fugar, with la.ooo puncheons ot rum.
Taking ^ iufteadof ^ of the Kinds
fit for fugar, it i-i thyught <he produce of
the whole would bo 50,000, inllead of
a5,coo hogdicads of fugar. Tlie following
quantitiei of fugar, brown, clayed and re-
tined, have been imporicd into the U. $■
from I.ouifiana and the Floridas, v»z.
In 1799 - ' 77.1)54« ll>-
1800 - - 1,560,865
i8oi - - 967,619
i8aa - - i,57<''933"
J^Jir/hn,
"Trom Point Coupee down to the gulf cf
Mexico, the fugar eane anfwers at prefcut
better than any other article ; and fugar
has within a few yt ars part become the
ftaple commodity of that part of the Mif-
fifippi. Below New Orleans are 14, and
above 64 fugar plantations, averaging an-
nually about 75,ooolbs. of fugar, befide
a proportionable quantity of rum and
molaflcs. It is elti mated that at leaft
1000 fugar plantations may be made
equal to thofe now ufed as luch, which
might turn out annually 75,000 hegf-
heads, of 1000 pounds weight each, be-
fide a proportionable quantity of rum
and molaffes." SH/ey.
«« Imfiorti and Expoi-tt. Th: produ»Slions
of I.ouifiana are, fugar, cotton, indigo,
rice, furs, and peltry, lumber, tar, pitch,
lead, flour, horfes, and cattle. Population
alone ii wanting to multiply them to an
aftonilhjng degree. I'he foil is fertile,
the climate falubrious, and tlie means of
communication between mofl parts of the
province certain, and by water. The
lollowing has been rettivedasa fkctch of
the prcfcnt exports of l-oiiifusna, viz.
DollurSi
ao.ooo bales of cot
tou,of3cwt.ci
at lo cents pei
4500 calks of fugar.T
10 cwt. each, at 6 v
cents per. lb. j
800 do. molaireSjT
100 galls, each. ^
■cf>t••^ ,.
44,000 m-
ealing.
3Oj,40O
ditto.
32,000
ladigv,
ditto.
'diminiflw
i$a,ooo "{ing rap-
rdimii
Jing r
Cidly,
Peltry, - - 200,00c
Lumber, - - 8o,ooo
Lead, corn, horfes, and
cattle, uncertain,
A'.l other articles, fup-
pol'c lOO.CCO
2,158,000
Accordinjj to official returns in tlic
Trealury of the IJi.ittd States, there WL-re
importfd into our territory from Louina-
na and the floridas, mtrchandifc to tlie
following amounts, in the fcveral years
prefixed. ' '
DolLui. ■'
In 1799 to tha value of 507,132
i8co - - 904,322
1801 - - 956,635 ''
x8o2 - 1,006,214
According to the fame authority, w Inch
makts the t<u.il of the exports to amount
to 2,158,000 doil-jr?, the imports, in mer«
chandiff, planiation utentils, (laves, Zic.
amount to two and an h.ilf millions, the
dilFtrcncr being m^dc up by the nionev
introduced liy iliegofcrnmeut, to 1 a >' tlie
cxpenfcs of governing and prottcliii;.; the
colony. Acc(rdiiig to t!ic returns in
the Trcafury cf the United Si.itcs, ex-
ports have been mide to Louifiana and
the Floridas, to the lollowing amount ia
the years prtfixid.
In 1799 to the v;i!iic of
3,056, i-'^iH in foreign article?,
447,^2.] in domedic do.
Dollars, 3,504,092
In 1800 S''795.i'-i7 in foreign article?.
f, 240,662 in donicflic du.
I)3lUrs, 2,0;, 5,7 8;
In t?-,r S'>770.794 in foreign arficlcf.
L 137,^04 in damcftic do.
Dalian, 1,907,998
In i802 ^ i,054.^oo in foreign articl;!.
X 170,110 in domtftic do.
Dollars, 1,74.1710
It is to be obfcrvcd that if the total of
the imports and exports into iyid Ironi
thcfe provinces (of which the two Mori-
das are but a very unimportant part,
with rifpc*^ to both) be as above i'uppof«
cd, vi^
IjKpOlt*
if -J
ft
LOU
LOU
Imports,
Expoits,
2,joc,coo Jollars. i
Making together 4,658,000
The duty of fix per cent ought alone to
produce the grols fiim of 279,480 <loU.«.
and that the dltFerence between that fum
and its adkual net produce, arifts partly
from the imperfecfl tarift" by which the
vahic of mtrchandife is afccrtained, but
principally from the fmuggling, which ji
openly countenanced by mofl of the rev-
enue officers." Jeferfon,
" MMufaSiures. There are but few do-
meftic manufadlures. Tlie Acadians
manufaifture a little cotton into quilts
and cottouades ; and in the remote parts
of the province, the poorer planters fpin
and weave foine negro cloths of cotttm
and wool mixed. There is one machine
lor fpinniDg cotton in the partHi «»f Ibber-
ville, and another in the Opclouras ; but
they do little or nothing. In the city,
btfide the trades which are abfolutely
neceflary, there is a conlidtrable mauu-
f.ictiirc of cordaoc, and fome fmall ones
of (lifit and huir poivder. There are
likcwifc in and within a few leagues of the
town I z diftillcricsfor making tallia,which
are faid to dilHl annnnlly a very confider-
al)Io quantity ; and i fiigar refiacry, faid to
innkt about 200,000 lbs. of loaf fugar," ibid.
''Nrv'g-i--: ■r:^hy.d]n tht tvade 0/ tht
Prov'ni.j. In the year 1802, there enter-
ed the Miflilippi 268 veflels of all defcrip-
tion, 18 of which were public armed vef-
fils.and the rcmiiinder merchantmcnt, as
follows, via.
French.
Pol
I
An
;'"'i-l!l.
S;>-iii:h
i
Ships
48
14
j
Brigs,
63
»7
■
Polacres
-
4
1:
Schooners,
5^
tt
■i;
.Sloops,
')
I
liUrc
Schouiicrs, J
3 I in balUft tt/k
- ,j83 "'■» ^ , , 97jV
T Hi. Total. Tom.
loj Ameiic^ms 158 ^^li^J
Spaiiilli IU4 9753
French 3 ■ 105
Cr,inil t'tnl, -/I'li; 11.J41
The tonnage of the vcifels which went &»
v/ay in ballad, and that of the public arm-
ed fliips, are not included in the foregoing
accoimt ; thefe latter carried away mafli,
yards, fpars, pitch, tar, &c. at lead icoo
tons. In the firll 6 months of the prcl'ent
year, there entered the Miflfilippi 173 fail,
of all nations, 4 of which were public arm-
ed veflels, viz. z French and 2 Spanifli,
whofc tonnage is not enumerated.
Ameiuan •l..iti. Spitniilh Tin<, frewt/j. Ton:.
Shipfi,
2<
;.3y<>
'4
flri>;»,
«i4
5701
20
I'ohicres,
^
S:h'rs,
J2
lBy9
lU
Sloops,
4
27a
3
3o8i>
2.V3
4.-{o
1187
167
Total, yj 1 3,2^4 j3 5087
foiaUfShipi.
American, «.^
Sp:uiilh, 5))
French, 22
(iriindTiital, I7,-i
In the f^tnc 6 mouth» there
the Millifippi 156 veiTcls, vix.
Aiiurkan. Up >"'i/i.
|3
3
I
■X
7
4/'
4^8
WOf
Sl'ip?,
hi s,
21
28
Pf)i acres,
Scliooneis,
Sloops
• 7
1
Ti.tat 0/ r.ii..
•3.^64
7087
98.. 4
failed front
French'
1
t
8
Total, 170 97 I
Of the number of American vcffcls, 2.1
lliips, i.? brig's, ijfchooners, and 5 floops
came in b.illafl, the remainder were whol-
'ly, or in part laden. I'lve Sp:mi(li fliips
and 7 fciiooners came in ballaft. The
imited tonnage of all the fliippingthat en-
tered the river, cjrclufive of the public
armed vone!s,wa9 33,71.1' rcgifter tons. lu
the fame year tliere failctl from the Miffi-
tippi ids f:»U viz.
Aneri^an. Ti<i<. Sfl •ni^li. Ti,i!!.
.ii> 1 iuballill 1^"72 i« ru
V) 7 ',16 23 I inball;ift iO|4
.^ 37!7
3 1 mbnllm lu.i
68 He
** Learning. There are no colleges, ami
but one public fchool, which is at New
Orleans. The mailers of this are paid by
the king. 'I'hey teach the SpanLHi lan-
guage only. There are a few private
fchouU for children. Not more than half
of the inhabitans are fuppofcd to be able
to read and write, of whom not more
than 200 perhaps are able to do it
well. In general the learning of the in-
h:d>itants does not extend beyond thofe
two arts ; though they feem to be endow-
ed with a good natural genius, and an un-
common facility of learning whatever
they undertake." ibiJ.
"7he Church. The clergy confifts of a
bifhop, who does not reiide in the prov-
ince, and whofc falary of 4000 dollar*
is charged on the revenue of certain bifli-
opricks in Mexico and Cuba ; 2 canons
having cioh afalaiy of 600 dollars, and
2j curates, 5 for the city of New Orlear.s,
and 20 for as many country pariflies,wh»
receive each from 360 to 480 dollars a
year. Thofc falaries, except that of the
bifliop, together with an allowance for
I'acriflanij and chapel cxpcnfes, arc*p»iJ
Itv
LOU
LOX
by the tre^ury at New Orleans, and
amount annually to 13,000 dollars. There
i» alio at that place a convent of Urfuliiies
to which is attached about 1000 acres of
land, rented out in three plantations.
The nuas are now in number not more
than 10 or la, and are all French. There
were formerly about the fame number of
SpaniHt ladies belonging to the order;
but they retired to Havanna during the
period when it was expected that the
province would be transferred to France.
The remaining nuns receive young ladies
as boarders and iuftru<!l: them in reading,
writing, and needle work. They have
always adled withgreat propriety, and are
generally relpe«Sked and beloved through-
out the province. With the afnUance of
an annual allowance of 6&0 dollars from
thetreafury,they^ways fupport and cd-
mcate twelve female orphans." Jtffcrfon.
In December 1803, LouiFiana was, in due
form, deli veredbythtcomminariesof Spain
to the commillloner of France, Mon. Lauf-
fat who delivered it ever to the com-
miiTioners of the United States, Gov.
Claixborne and Gen. Wiikinfun, on the
ooth day of the fame month. Gov. Clair-
borne being duly ipvedcd by the PreG-
dent with the powers heretotorc exercil-
cd by the Governor and Intendant of
Louiilana, alTumed the government on the
fame day, and for the maintenance of law
and order immediately ilTued his procla-
mation. This immenfe addition of Terri-
tory to the United States, forms an im-
portant epoch in our hiftory. What
will be the eficdb upon the government,
union, and happinefs of our country, can-
not be forefecn. Conjectures arc various.
Time will be continually unfolding the
conCequences of this great event. All
mud contemplate them with fuli^'tude for
the honoi and welfare of the nation.
LouiJ}o',vH, in Talbot co. Maryland, lies
•n theW fid( ufVuckahoe criek,4milesN
•f King's To^ .'n, and 7 or 8 N E ot Eafton.
Lou^vilU, A port of entry, and pod
town of Kentucky, and chief of Jefferfon
CO. pleafantly Atuated on the £ fide of
the Ohio, on an elevated handfome plain,
above the Rapids, nearly oppofitc Fort
Fenny. It commands a delightful prof-
pe<3t of the river and the adjacent coun-
try, but its unhealthinefs, owing to (lag-
nated waters back of the town, has con-
fiderably retarded its growth. It confidt
of 3 principal flreets, and contains about
too houfcs, 3jO inhabitants, a court
loufe aad gaol. It is 3$ milci from
Baifdflown, 83 from Danville, 40 Vf a(
Frankfort, and 623 from Walliington.
LoiiifvUle, the prefent feat of gov«rrn-
ment »)! Georgia, fituated in Jeflcrion co.
in the lower diltriiTt of the State, on the
N E bank of the Great Ogeechee river,
70 miles from its mouth. It contains a
date huufe, a tobicco warclioufc, and up-
ward of 40 dwelling Iioufes. Large
quaotities of tobacco are in(pcd:cd here,
and boated down to davann.th. The
convention for the revilal of the condi-
tution fat in this town in May, 1795,
appointed the records to be removed, and
the legiflrtturc to meet here in future. A
college, witli liberal endowments, is in
diluted in this vicinity. It is 52 miles S
Eof .Auguda, and 100 N V/of Savannah.
■Louijiadff I.und of, difcovcrcd and nam*
ed by BougHinville in 1768, is probably
a chain of illands, fornitag a fouth cadern
continuation of New Guinea. 7'he co.ift
fecn by the Dutch Ceel-vlri Yacht in
1705, is a fmail didance N of Louifiath-.
LiutL Totunjhip, I. CO. U. Canada, lies \V
of Grantham, and fronts lake Ontario.
Love Cove, a fine opening W ol' Whalc
Cove, in New North Wales.
Lovell'i Pond, in N. Hampfliire, lies at
the head of thceadcrn branch of Salmon
Fall river.
Loveli, a town in York co. Maine, N of
Great Oflipcc, 89 miles N of York.
LoiuvHte, a pod town in Oneida co. N.
York, 550 miles from Wafliington.
Loiver AUowuy'i Cntk, a townfliip !■
Salem co. N. Jerfey.
Lower Dublin, a townfliip in Philadel-
phia CO. Pcnnfyh'aoia, having 1495 in-
habitants.
Lower Landing, or £,iji Landing, on Ni-
agara river, U. Canada, is oppodt* to
Quecndown on the Niagara Fort fide.
Lower MVfor4, a townfliip in Buck**
CO. Pennfylvania,
Loiver Marllorough, a pod town in Ma-
ryland, 30 miles from Annapolis, and IS
from Calvert court houfe.
Lovitr Penn's Ned, a townfliip in Sa-
lem CO. N. Jerfey.
Lower PVeaH Toteru, in the Territory
N W of the Ohio, lie ao miles below Rip-
pacanoe creek, at its mouth in WabaHi
river.
LoivlAU, a townfliip in Northampton
CO. Pennfylvania, having J45 inhabitants.
Loxa, a town of Quito in Peru, at tho
head of a N W brancTi of Amazon river,
ai J miles N E of Paita, and N W of Bor-
ja. I( is the capital of a )uri£di<flion of
tke
I!
.;•.»:■
LOti
L U
"•lie fame fiamc, nnd lies in lat. ? lo, V.
Ion. 77 lo W. Belkle i cliurclic?, it lia*
J'cvcral religions ftuuidatiuns ; a^t, a col-
]egc iiinitiUc'd Uytli; Jci'iiits, an J)ofpital,
■with 14 viflagcs in its tliflridt. 'i'lie ju-
rlfditSlion of the fame nnr.ie produces the
famous fpecific for intermittent fevers,
called Calcarilla de Logo Qiiinquina, or
Jefuit's hark. Of it there are fcvcral
kinds, hut one more edicacious than the
others.- Here alio tlity are employed in
• hreedinj cochineal. 'I'lie inh.ihitants of
J.oja, tailed alio l.ojantis, douot exceed
10,000 fouls, though lornierlv far more
numerous. Large droves of liorned cat-
tle and mules arc bred here. Carpets
(tre alfo manufatilurd here of reniaricablc
finenefs.
Liyjlfuci Creel, in Northumberland co.
Pennfylvania, empties into the W fide of
the branch of Sufquchanna river, from
the N E, a few miles E of Lycoming
Creek, 26 from Sunbury, mcafurmg in a
(Iraight line, and about 170 from Phila-
delplii'-i. The lands irom this to Sunbu-
ry are among the higheft and of the befl
quality, and in the hcalthieU filuation in
the ftate. It is navigable ao or 30 miles
tip for battcaux of 10 tons.
Lucnnas, a jurifdidlion in the diocefe of
Giiamanga, in Peru. It begins about 35
or 30 leagues S W of Guamanga. Its
temperature is cold and moderate. It
abounds with cattle, grain and fruit ; and
has alfo filver miues ; and i> the centre
of a very large commerce.
Lucar, Fort St. lies on the N E coaft of
Brazil ; about half way between the city
of Scara and Rio Grande.
Liuar, Ciipi St. or Liicat. The S E end
of the peninfula of California is fo named.
JLiuaya, or JOuiama IJlanch. See Bahama.
Lucaya, one of the Bahama lilands,
about 70 leagues E of the coaft of Flori-
da, and 6 from Bahama I(1e. It is about
9 leagues long and a broad, and gives
name to the whole range. N lat. 27 27,
W Ion. 785.
Lucayoneque, another of the Bahama
ifles, which lies about 9 leagues further
E than the former ; whofe length is 28
leagaes and breadth 3, and lies N and S.
Lucea, a harbour on the N fide of the
iiland of Jamaica, in Hanover parilh, be-
tween Great Cove and MofquitO Cove.
It is land locked and has excellent an-
chorage ; IS or 16 miles N E of Negril.
Lucia, St. a river of E. Florida, runs S
E along the E fide of the peninfula ; and
communicates inland with Indian river.
It has 6 f«ct water 03 fur at the Tortolas,
v.IuTft are hilly knowls. A branch join*
it from the S.
i,'/.-/.?, 6'/. called by the French, Sainfe
Aloiifie, from its having been dircn\ crcd
on St. Lucia's day ; one of tlic Carihhc
Ill.'iub, 6 leagues .S of Martinico, -.nxA 21
N VV ol B.irhadoe?. It is about 27 miles
long from N to S, and iz broad. Here
are feveral hills, a of whicli being vtrv
nNUid and fteep.are called t!ic I'lns' iicul
of St. Iaicv, and were volc:;nocs. At tlie
■fotit ';of ihem are fnic valiies, having a
jQfMlliiiil and well watered. In t licit aro
YiW tre<ft^ ^vlth the timber of which the
pUnteis rf Martinico and Uarbadocs
buildthcir houfcs and wind mills. 11. ic
is alfo plenty of cocoa and fuftic. 'J he
air is rrckoncd healthy, the hills not be-
ing in high as to intercept the trade
wiiul;!, which always fan it from the K,
by which me:ins the heat of the climate
is moderated and rendered agrtciihic.
In St. Lucia are fcveral commodious biys
and harbours, with good anchorage, par-
ticularly the I. ittle Careenage, one of the
prnicipa! imliicements for the French to
prefer it to the other neutral illanth.
'J'his port has fevcral noted advantages ;
there is everywhere depth enough, and
the quality of the bottom is excellent.
Nature has formed there three careening
places, which do not want a key, and re-
quire nothing but a capftern to turn the
keel above ground. Thirty fhips of the
line might lie there fheltered from hur-
ricanes, without the trouble of being
moored. The boats of the country
which have been kept a long time in this
harbour, have never been eaten by the
worms ; however, they do not expe(fl
that this advantage will laft, whatever
be the caufe. For the other harbours,
the winds are always good to go out with,
and the largeft fquadron might be in the
offing in lefs than an hour. There are 9
pariihes in the illaud, 8 to the leeward,
and only one to the windward. '1 hrs
preference given to one part of the iiland
more than another, does not proceed
from the fuperiority of the foil, but from
the greater or Ief» convcniency in fend-
ing out or receiving lliips. A high road
is made round the ifland, and two others
which crofs it from £ to W, afford all
manner of facilities to carry the com-
modities of the plantations to the barca-
dcres, or landing places. In Januan'
1769, the free inhabitants of the ifland
amounted to 2524; the Haves to ro,27'''.
It had in cattle 598 mulct and horie*,
ijiy horned beii,llj, and »378 llicep. Us
"" ' *•*- - pl»Qt-ati.oi«
LUK
LUN*
plantations were 1,279,680 plants of co-
coa ; 4,463,880 of ciiHle ; 68i fquares
of cotton ; and 254 of lugar canes ; there
were 16 fu gar works goin^ on, and 18
nearly completed. Its prodnce yielded
£til,ooo, which by improvement^Hight
\ be increafcd to £s'^o,ooo. The Enj>lifli
Arii fettled in this ilknd in 1637. Froni
tlii» time tliCy met with various miafur-
tunes from the raiives and French ; and
at length it was agreed on between the
latter and the En^lilli, that this ifland,
together with Dominica and St. Vincent,
iliould remain neutral. But the French,
before the war of 1756 broke out, began
to fettle thcfe illands, which by the treaty
of peace were yielded up to Great Brit-
ain, and this illand to France. The Biit-
ifli made themftlves maftcr of it in 1 778 ;
bur it was redorcd again to the French
in 17S.5 ; and retaken by the Britiili iu
1794. St. Lucia had 900 of its inhabit-
ants djeftroycd by an c-Hrilujuake, Oct
IS, ijZji. It is 6.'; miles N W of Barba-
docs. N lat. 14, W Ion. 61.
LiiJlar.c, a towulliip in Hampfliirc co.
Maliachnfcttij, S of Granby, 10 miles N
E of Springlicid, and 90 W of Bofton. It
was incorporated in 1784, and contains
6jo inhabitants.
LiiJloiv, A towndiip on Black river,
Windfor co. Vermont, k contains 410
inhabitants, and \* about 10 or 12 milci
W of Weathcrsfield, on ConriC(i\iciit U.
Lue,St. tiic chief town of tfie captaiu-
iliipof Pcuigues, In the N diviiiou of I
Brazil.
Luie, St. a parifli in Bcaufoit diftritfl;, 1
S. Carolina.
Lumberiun, a port town of N. Carolina,
and capital of Robefcn co. qn Drowning
creek, .32 miles S of Faycttevilic, and 93
S by W of Raleigh. It has a court houfe
and about 30 dwelling houl'cs.
Lunenburg, a county of Virginia, a d-
joining Nottaway, Brunfwick, Mecklen-
burg, and Charlotte counties. It is about
30 miles long, and 20 broad, and contains
4505 free inhabitants, and 5876 Haves.
At the court huufc is apod office.
Lunenburg, a townfliip in EfTex CO. in
Vermont, on Connecticut river, S W of
Guildhall, and N E of Concord. The
river takes a S E courfe along thcfe towns, i
Separating them from I^ancafter, Dalton, I
ind Littleton, in the State of N. Hamp- \
fliirc. The Upper Bjir of the Fifteen j
mile Falls is oppoiite this town. The {
Cat Bow, a bend of the ConneiSicut, is '
«ear (he middle of the town. The Up- |
per Bar lies in lat. 44 21 30. The'to\ni«
lliip contains 393 inhabitant!).
Ltinetil)ur«r,v>. townlhip of Worccfterco.
Maflachufctts, on an elevated fituacion^
25 miles from the Great Monadnock
mountain in N. H.impfliirc, 11 from
V/atchuft'tt mount'iin in this ctnmty, and
45 miles N W of Boflon. It contain*
i4,coo acres of land, on which arc 124,^
inhabitants ; and is much more rtmark-
able for the health th.m the wraith of its
pofleflbrs. The people have littic trade
or intcrcourfe with the nci!>lib«>ujini»
country, and live a folitary but indcpen-
di-nt life. The nailing bulinefs is carried.
Oil to advantage. There is a hill in the
middle of thr townfiiip, called TurLy
Hilt, on acco\int of the grcut number of
wild turkics uhieli formerly frtquentcd
the place, and which denominated the
whole tradV previous to its incorporation'
in 1738 ; when its prefe-nt name was giv-
en to it, in compliment to king George
U. who was ftyled Duke of Lunenburg,
from a town in his'Gcrman dominions.
Lunenburg, now Ffj,:riinT.a,z town of N.
York, Green co. on the W ftdc of Hud-
foii's river, oppoiite to the city of Hud-
Ibn, and 30 miles .S of Albany, it is a
thriving village of about 20 or 30 houfes,
chielly new, with a neat Dutch church,
(landing on the bank of the rivtr. A new
road is cutting from this village into tiie .
fcttlcments on the upper branches of the
Delaware and Sufquehanna rivers, whicU.
will probably prove highly beneficial to,
the town. A number of the MeflVs. Llv-
ingflons havcpurchafed land in and abou(
this village, to the amount of /.ic.cco,
and have laid out a regular town, whicli
will be a rival to Kaats* Kill, 5 milts be-
low. The fcite of the town is uneven,
and not of a very good foil.
Lunenburg,^ county of Nova Scotia, oa
Mahonc Bay, on the S co.tltof the prov-,
ince, facing the Atlantic CXcean. lis chief
towivs are New Dublin, Lunenburg, Chcf-
ter, and Blandford. In Mahone Bay, IjU
Have, and Liverpool, feveral lliipa trade,
to England wth timber and boards. Chcf-
ter is lettled by a few New England fam-
ilies and others : from hence to Windfor
is a road the diflance of 25 miles.
Lunenburg, % townfliip in the above
county, lltuatcd on Merliqueth, or Merli-
guafli' Bay, well fettled by a number of
induftrious Germans. The lands are
good, and generally well cultivated. It ia.
35 miles SWbyS of Halifax, and 27 N
by £ of Liverpool
Lurga»t
►*
Mj*
LYM
L^rg.in, ft townfliip in Pranldin c«.
Pcnnfylvania. It has 758 inhabitants.
LiitterelU, an ifland in Machias Bay,
Mninc.
Lutttrhct, a townfliip in Orleans co.
Vermoat, N of Craftflrorough. Hazen's
Ko.vl, which extends S S E to the Oxbow
on Connecliciit river, palfcs through Lut-
tcrlnclo It \\M 1% inhabitants.
Luzirne, a large county of Pennfylva-
nb, bounded N by Tioga county, in N.
York, E and S E by Northampton, W by
Lycoming and Northumberland counties.
It is about 79 miles in length from N to
^, and TS «n breadth from £ to W, and is
divided into 19 townfljips. In this coun-
tv are % churches, ^^ faw mills, 24 grift
mills, 2 fulling mills, and i oil mill. The
number of inhabitants is 12,839. A great
part of the county is barren where remote
from rivers. It is v/ell watered by the E
branch of Siifquehannah river and its
tributaries, which furnilh numerous and
•KccUent mill feats. The foil near the
river is remarkably fertile, producing
good crops of wheat, flax, and hemp. The
N parts abound with pine, timber and fu-
gar maple. In the townfliips of Wilkf-
harre, Kingflon, Exeter, and Plymouth
arc large beds of coal. Coal and Bog iron
is found in fevcral places, and two forges
have been eredled. In this coimty are
many remains of ancient fortifications.
They are of an eliptical form, and over-
grown with large white oak trees. Chief
town, Wilklbarre.
Lyeomtng, a county in the N W part of
Pennfylvania, bounded N by the State of
N. York, and W by Alleghany county. It
18 ijo miles long, 86 broad, being the
largcft in the State. The principal rivers
arc the Sufquehanna, Tyoga, Lycoming,
I^oyalfoc, Sinnemjhoning, Alleghany, To-
by's, Sandy Lick, Pine, and Mohulbuc-
tum. The N and W parts are unfettled.
It is divided into 10 townfliips and con-
tains 5414 inhabitants.
Lycoming, a creek which runs S, and
•mpties into the W branch of Sufquehan-
na, a few miles W of Loyalfock Creek.
§ee Lnyn.ljoch.
Lycoming, a village in Pennfylvania, 40
•vies from Northumberland, and 66 from
the Painted Poll in the State of N. York.
Lymiin, a townfhip in Grafton cok N.
Hamplhire, fituated at the foot of a moun-
tain on tlie E fide of CortneAicut river,
between Littleton and Bath, and 7 miles
yj by N of New Concord. It was incorpo-
isjtedic 1 761, and contain? 5 33 inhabitants.
L YN
Lyman, a town in the county of York,
Maine, (formerly Coxball,) N of Wells, and
E of Alfred, adjoining each.
Lyme, a town in Grafton CO. N. Hamp-
(hirc. See Lyme.
Lyme, a poK town in New London co.
Connecticut, the Ntbantict of the Indians,
is on the E fide of Connecticut river, at
its mouth ; bounded S by Long Illand
Sound, N by Haddam and Colcheucr, and
E by N. London. It was fettled about the
year 1664, and was incorporated in May
1667. Here arc three parifhes, befide
a congregation of Separatifls, and another
of Baptifts. It contains 4380 inhabit-
ants.
Lynchburg, a. poft town of Virginia, ia
Bedford co. on the S fide of James river,
nearly oppofite to Maddifon, and one mile
diltant. Here are about 100 houfes, and
a large ware houfe for the infpcdtion of
tobacco. There is alfo a printing office
which ifiiies a weekly gaisette. In the vi-
cinity of the town are feveral valuable
merchant mills. It is 12 miles from New
London, 23 from CabelUburg, 50 from
Prince Edward's court houfe, 150 W by
N of Riclunond, and 408 S W of Phila-
delphia.
Lyrchville, a poft town Marion co. 8.
Carolina, 450 miles from Wafhington.
Lyndelorough, a townfhip in Hilllborough
CO. N. Hampfhire, about 70 miles from
Portfmouth. It w^s incorporated in the
year 1764. It contains 976 inhabitants.
Lyndon, a townfliip in Caledonia co.
Vermont, lies N of St. Johnfbury, and S
of Billymcad and Burke. It contains 622
inhabitants.
Zjr/Kr,,^^^?!// of the Indians) a maritime
poft town in EfTex co Maflachufetts, on
a bay which fets up from that of MaflTa*
chufetts, N £ of Bofton Bay. and about 9
miles N by E of the town of Bofton. The
compact part of the town forms a very
long ftreet. The townfliip was incorpo-
rated in 1 637, and contains 2837 inhabit-
ants. Here rire two pariflies, belide a
fociety of Methodifts, and a large number
of Friends. The bufinefs which makes
the greateft figure, and ^ui- .-hich the
town of Lynn is celebrateii, >r, the manu-
facture of women's filk and cloth fThoes.
Thefe are dtfpofed of at Bofton, Salem,
and other commercial towns, and fold for
home ufe, or ihip|ied to the Southern
States, and to the W. Indies. By a calcu-
lation made in 1802, it appeared that more
than 400,000 pair of fhi^es were made in
this town. Lynn Beach may be reckoned
ii cuii'jii'v.
3 ruriofity.
conneiasthe
the miiin lam
refort for par
Charleftown,
the fummer ft
a race ground
latcd, being h
mineral fprinf
in the limits o
tie note.
Lynn River, '.
in the townlli
ning from thei
townfliip of W
to Lake Erie,
water on the
for batteaux.
LynnJielJ, a tc
chufetts.NEo
E of Bofton. I
and contains 4<
Lynnhaven Ba
peak Bay, and
river empties it^
mouth of Jamci
The mouth of
Gape Henry,
moored the prin
*lect, at the bl(
178Z.
Lyons, a villag
of Phelps, N.Yo
and Canandarqu
Geneva, and ab<l
village is fituatcJ
with excellent aj
Tey^ance, and reJ
Gmilarity of its]
France. \
LyfanJer, a to]
N. York, incorpj
prehendsthe mil
snd Cicero. ThI
Mlhe Three Ri|
i^milesSEofJ
inhabitants.
Aiy^A-a, a fmall L
tacky, fituated oj
fork, a S branci
2 J.
M.
AArEA, oJ
in the S. Sea, S la)
Macapa, a towl
i^mazon river, \«
louth of the rivl
'f the equinoCti;!
>'ox. I.
MAC
MAC
don CO.
Indians,
river, at
g Illand
ftcr, and
bout the
in May
I, befide
I another
inhabit-
rginia, ia
ne» river,
[ one mile
ufcs, and
cdlion of
ing office
In the vi-
valuable
rom Nevr
50 from
[JO W by
of PUila-
ion CO. 8.
ngton.
.lllborough
niles from
ated in the
,abitants.
»donia co.
mry, and S
ntains 61a
a maritime
hufett», on
of Maffa-
nd about 9
ofton. The
)rm8 3 very
as incorpo-
[37 inhabit-
18, befide a
rge number
vhich makes
-hich the
r, the manu-
cloth flioes.
jfton, Salem,
and fold for
ic Southern
By a calcii-
ed that more
ere made in
be reckoned
ii cuii'jiVy'
acurioiity. It is a mile in length, and
conneiStsthc peainfula called Xab^nt vfhh
the m;»in land. This is a place of much
refort tor parties of pleafure from Bofton,
Charleftown, Salem, Marblehead, &c. in
the fummer feafon. The beach is ufed as
a race ground, for which it is well calcu-
lated, being Icyel, fmootli, and hard. A
mineral fpring has been difcovered with-
in the limits of the townfliip, but is of lit-
tle note.
Ly/tn River, Norfolk co. U. Canada, rifes
in the townlhip of Windham, and run-
ning from thence foutherly through the
townfljlp of Woodhoufe, empties itfelf in-
to I^ake Erie, where it has about 3 feet
water on the bar ; it i* a good harbour
for batteaux. Smyth.
LynnJletJ, atownfliip in EiTex co. MaiTa-
chufetts.N E of Salem, and 15 miles N by
E of Bofton. It was incorporated in 1 78a,
and contains 468 inhabitants.
Lynnhaven Bay, at the S end of Chcfa-
peak Bay, and into which Lynnhaven
river empties its waters, lias between the
mouth of James's river and Cape Henry.
The mouth of the river is 7 miles W of
Gape Henry. Here Compte de Grane
moored the principal part of the French
Uect, at the blockade of York Town in
1781.
Lyens, a Village in Ontario co. townfliip
I of Phelps, N. York, at the jundtion of Mud
and Canandarque Creeks, 16 miles Nof
Geneva, and about 20 S of Sodus. This
village is fituatcd in a very fine country,
with excellent advantages for water con-
Teyance, and received its name from the
liimilarity of its fituation, to Lyons in
I France.
Lyfander, a towndiip in Onondago co.
I N. York, incorporated in 1794, and com-
I prehends the military tov/ns of Hannibal
land Cicero. The town meetings are held
1 at the Three Rivers in this town. It is
1 16 miles S E of Lake Ontario, and has ill
I inhabitants.
/.■^r<7, a fmill town in Nelfon co. Ken-
Itocky.fituated on a W water of Rolling
I Fork, a S branch of Salt river. N lat. 37
m
M
AATEAyOxitoithe Society Idands,
the S. Sea, Slat. 17 5a, W Ion. 148 i.
Macapa, a town on the N W bank of
azon river, Wof Caviana illand, at the
louth of the river, and a few minutes N
if the equinoctial line.
i'ox.I. Pp
Mints, the fouthern diftriil of Ouixoi, 1
government* of Peru, bounded E by the
government of Maynas ; S by that of
Bracamoros and Yagu.irfongo ; and on
the W, the E Cordillera of the Andes fep-
arates it from the jurifdidtions of Riobam-
ba and Cuenca. Its capital is the city of
Miicas, the name commonly given to the
whole country. It produces, in threat
plenty, grain and fruits, copal, and wild
wax ; but the chief occupation of the
country people is the cultivation of tobac-
co. Sugar canes tiirive alfo here, as alfo
cotton ; but the dread of the wild Indian*
prevents the inhabitants from planting
more than fervcs for prefcnt ufe. Here
are cinnamon trees, faid to be of fuperior
quality to thofe of Ceylon. There arc aU
fo mines of ultra niannc, from which very
little is extracted, but a finer colour can-
not be imagined. Among the vail varie-
ty of trees which crowd the woods, is the
ftorax, whofe gum is cxquifitely fragrant,
but fcarcc.
Mac Gillivray's Plantation, on Coofa riv-
er, is a little above the Old French fort
Alabamous.
Machala, a town of Guayaquil, on tha
coad of Tumbez, in Peru, in a declining
ftate. The jurifdii'lion of the fame name
produces great quantities of cocoa, reck-
oned the befl in all Guayaquil. Init*
neighbourhood are great numbers of man-
gles, or mangrove trees, whofe fpreading
branches and thick trunks cover all the
plains ; which lying low are frequently
overflown. This tree divides itfelf into
very knotty and dlftorted branches, and
from each knot a multitude of others ger-
minate, forming an impenetrable thicket.
The wood of the mangrove tree is fo hea-
vy, as to fmk in water, and when ufed in
fliips, &c. is found very durable, beiag
fiibjeift neither to fplit or rot. The In-
di.nns of thisjutifdidtion pay their annual
tribute in the wood of the mangrove
tree.
Alachan^ara, a rivet formed by the
junction of feveral ftreams, ifluing from
the S and W fides of the Paneciilo or
Sugar Loaf mountain, on the S \V fid'?
of Quito, in Peru. It wallies the S part*
of the citv, and has a (lone bridge over it.
Madiias, a port of entiy, port town and
feat of juflice, in Wafliington CO. Maine,
fituatcd on a. bay of its own name, 20
miles S W of Paflamaquoddy, q$ E by N
of Peuobfcot, and 236 N E of Portland,
in 47 57 N lat. It is a thriving pl;uc,
and carries on a confiderable trade tu
Bofti«.
MAC
MAC
Boflon and the W. Indies in fifli, lumber,
&c. A ri!<jiilar p'.>ft between thi^ towa
and Malii'iix, in Nova Scotia, has been
eflitbli(lu;d. The name of the town is
altered iruni tlie Indian niiine AlechiHeii,
^ivcn to the river in the oldefl maps. It
u 4ooniili.'4 NE uf Uudon, ana about 300
by water. Karly attempts were made to
fettle here, but the firft permanent fcttle-
ment was made in ijd.h by 15 pcrfons of
bot!i I'exes from Scarborough, in Cum-
berland CO. and in 1784 the town was in-
corporated. Tlie chief fettlements are
at tlie E and W Falls, and at Middle riv-
er. u/IuMiis Kkicr, after running a north
courfe, 6 miles dirtance from Crols ill-
and, (which forms its entrance) I'eparates
at a place called lie Kim -, one branch
taking a N £ diredioui runs i\ miles,
with a width of 30 rods to tJie head of
the tide, where arc two doable law milU,
and one grifl mill. The main branch
runs a N W courfe, ixearly 3 miles, and is
70 rods wide, to the head of the tide,
v/here are two double aiid fingle faw
mills, and two grift mills. The chief fet-
tlement ii at W Falls, the county couTtjr
bein^ held and the gaol ere<Sted there.
The main channel of the river takes its-
courfe to thafe falls, which, thoughcrook-
ed and narrow, admit.) velTcIs of burden
to load at the wharves within 50 rods of
the mills. This advantage no other part
of the town can enjoy. The entrance of
Machias river is in N lat. 44 35, W Ion.
<J6 56. The to .vn is divided' into 4 dif-
tf idts for the fapport of Iclwols ; and in-
to % fof the convenience of public wor-
iliip. - Itt'i 79a Wafliington academy was
eftabliflud'here. The general court in-
corporated a number of gentlemen as
truftees, and gave for its fupport a towii-
flilp of land. In 1790 the town con-
tuined 818, and in' 1^0, 1014 inhabit-
ants. The: exports of Machias conllft
principally of lu.nibcr, viz; boards, flun-
gk'?, ciap'.ioarti:'., laths, and various kinds
of hcwc'l timber. The cod filliery might
be carried on to advantage, though it
has been greatly neijiedled. In 1793,
between 70 and 80 tons were employed
ill the liiliery ; and not above 500 quin-
tals were exported. The faw mills, of
Avhich there are 17, cut on an average
three million feet of boards annually. A
preat proportion of timber is ufually
lliipped in iiritilh velTels. The total a-
mount of exports annually exceeds
15,000 dollars. From Machias Bay to
the mauih of St. Croix, thtrc arc a great
many fine iflands ; but the navigation !».
gcuerally without thel'c in the open fca.
In the year 1704, when Col. Church
made au attack on the French planta-
tion on the river Schoodick, he found
<me Luttcrelle, a French nobleman, on
one of thefe iflands, and removed him.
The iflaud ftili retains his name.
Alac Cotvan't For J, on Catabaw river,
is upwards of 500 feet wide, and about
3 feet dwcp. Lord Cornwallis croli'ed
here in putluit of the Amcricaiu in 1781,
in his way to Hilliborough.
Mjc Iiitojb, a county in the Lower dif-
triifl of Georgia, between Liberty and
Glynn counties, on the Alatamaha river.
It is divided into 4 towns, and contains
2660 inhabitants ; uf whom 1819 arc
naves.
Aiiic Keazit's River, in the N W part
of N. America, rifes in Slave Lake, runs
a N N W courfe, and receives a number
of large rivers, many of which arc 250
yards wide, a«id fome arc 12 fathom»-
decp at the influx.- It empties into the
N. Sea, at Whale Ifland in lat. 69 14,
between 130 and 135 W Ion. after a
courfe of 780 mile* from Slave Lake. It
has its name from Mr. M'Kenzie, who
afcendcd this river in the fummer of
1789. He eredted a port with his name
engraven on it, on Whale Ifland, at the
mouth of this river. He faw there a num-
ber of men and canoes, alfo a number of
animals refembling pieces of ice, fuppofed
by him to be whales ; probably fea horfes,
defcribed by Captain Cook. I'he tidewas
obfcryed to rife 16 or 18 inches. In fome
places the current of the river makes a
hifllng noife like a boiling pot. It palTes
through the (lony mountains, and has
great part of that range on the W fide.-
The Indian nations, inhabiting the W
fide from the Slave Lake are the Strong-
bow, Mountain, and Hare Indians ; thofe
on theE fide, the Beaver, Inland, Nathana,
and Quarrelers. An account of Macken-
zie's difcoveries in thefe regions is given
under the head of Nartb Americj, which
fee.
Macoletfj, or MiicohU-b't Riwr, Gnat,
empties into the Milllfippi from the N W
in N lat. 42 23. Little Mjcoketh falls
through the E bank of the Millifippi,
about 45 miles above the mouth of Great
Macokcth, and op})ofitc to the old Lead
mine.
Macopin, a fmall river, which empties
into the Illinois, from the S E, 18 mile*
from the MiOlfippi ; ii 20 yards wide. I
asA
««>a navigable
fliore is low or
can, maple, afli
land abounds v
with high wcct
■Micoriz, a fr
the illand of Si
of the city ofS
Mjcungy, a t
■CO, Fcnnfylvanii
Mid, a river,
rapid branch ol
a S W courfe.
parting through
of the grcateft f
Madame, W^ f
GutofCanIo, a
and is oppofitc 1
of Nova Scotia,
and lies 1 4 miles 1
Cape Breton iflai
are dependent 01
Madbury, a to'
N. Hamplhire, Ix
ham, about 10 m
It was incorporac
inhabitants.
Madifon, a coa^
edNEbyCulpcf
by Shenandoah c<
fquare, watered 1
Hobfon rivers.
inhabitant8,iand
Madi/on, a con
?oining Fayette,
Mercer counties,
•habitants, of whoi
town, Milford.
Madfei!, a fmal
CO. Virginia ; on
river, oppofite L3
miles W by N of
Madifon's Cave,
celebrated cave i
ttie N fide of the
IjiU of about 2oof«
'he afcent of w
fteep, that you mj
'ts fummit into
't3bafe. Theeni
tnis fide, about t^
It extends into tl
'•rauching into
lometimes afeend
generally defcenci
minates in two dij^
of water of unknl
appear to be neal
Water of the rJvJ
eave is of folid jl
TdAO
TtAS
%nd navigable 9 miles to the hllN. The
fliure !s low un both tides, clad with pec-
can, maple, afl\, button wood, &c. The
land abounds with timber, and is covered
witii high weeds.
Mjcoriz, a fmall river on the S fide of
the illand of St. Doininjjo ; i6 leagues E
of the city of St. Domingo.
Al.icungy, a townlhip in Northampton
£o. fcnnfylvdnia, having 1844 inhabitants.
Mid, a river, called aifo Pitkatva Furk,a.
rapid branch of the great Miami, having
a S W courfe. It is a beautiful ftrcaip,
puffing through a pleafant level couutry
of the grcateft fertility.
Madumi, IJliy forms the N E fide of the
Gut of Canfo, as you enter from the S E,
and is oppofite to the cadern extremity
of Nova Scotia. The N point of the iil-
andiies i4mile»Sof St. Peter's harbour.in
Cape Breton ifland. The ifles dc Madame
.are dependent on Cape Breton ifland.
Madbiiry, a townlliip in Strafford co.
N. Hamplhire, lietween Dover and Dur-
ham, about 10 miles N \V of Portfmouth.
It was incorporated in 1755, and has 544
inhabitants.
Madifon, a coapty of Virginia, bound-
ed N E by Culpepper, S by Orangu.and W
by Shenandoah co. It is about .^o miles
fquare, watered by the Rapid Ann, and
Robfon rivers. It contains 4886 free
iu!iabitant8,(and 3436 Jlavcs
Madifon, a county of Kentucky, ad-
pining Fayette, Clarke, Lincoln, and
Mercer counties. It contains 10,380 in-
.habitants,of whom 1688 are (laves. Chief
town, Milford.
Mad'fen, a fmall pod town of Anilierfi
CO. Virginia ; on ihe N fide of James's
river, oppofite Lynchburg. It lies ijo
miles W by N of Richmond.
Madifon s Cave, the largeft and moft
celebrated cave in Virginia, fituatcd on
tiie N fide of the Blue lUdgc. It is in a
hill of about 200 feet perpendicular height,
the afcent of wh'ch, on ouc.hde is fo
fteep, that you may pitch a bifcuit from
its fummit into the river which waflies
itsbafe. The entrance of the cave is in
this fide, about two thirds of the way up.
It extends into the earth about 300 feet,
hraiiching into fubordrnate caverns,
fometimes afcending a little, but mort;
generally defcending, and at length ter-
minates in two different places, at bafons
of water of unknown extent, and which
appear to be nearly on a level with the
Water of the river. The vault of this
cave is of folid limeftonc, from ao to 40
or 50 feet high* through which water U
continually cxudating. This trickling
down the fides of the cave, has incruded
them over in the form of tle^'ant dra-
pery ; and dripping from the top of (he
vault, generates on that, Hud on (he bafe
below, Aalatftitcs of a conical form, fomc
of which have mut and formed large
maffy columns.
M.idcm, or ALiJdni, one of the large fl
branches of the faniou.s Maranon or liT-
cr of Ama/on.s, in S. America. In 1741,
the Portiigticle failed up this Hrcani, till
they found thcmfelves near SmtaCruz;
de U Sierra, between lat. 17 and iC S.
From the nioutli ot this river in lat. 3 20
S, the Mnranon is known nmong the in-
habitantsby the name of the nvtr of
Ama/ons ; and upwards they give it the
name of the river of Solimoes. At l.oret-
to, the Madera receives two branches
frtwi the S. From Lorctto to Trinidad
in lat. 15 S,its coiirfc h N ; Ihcncc toit«
mouth itsgtntral courfe isN£ by N and N.
Madredi-Dlat, Pari. ScC Cbiifliti-ia, U.
Alfb Rcfolution B.,y.
Madrt (/.• Popii, a town and, convent of
.Terra Firmn in S. America-, fiiuated on
the river Grande, or M.Hgdalcna. Tlie
pilgrim.; in S. America reipccfl this relig-
ious found;ition with zoal, and refort to
it in great numbers j ma.iy m'racK's being
laid to have been wroiiglit here by the
Holy Virgin, in favour of the Spanifli
fleets and their failors, who arc tlure-
forcvery liberni iu their donations at her
flirinc. It lies .<4 milcR E of Carthagcr.a,
N lat. 10 51, W Ion. 76 15.
Madrid, Neii\ in Louifiana, on the W
bank of the Miflifippi. • See A'ew MaJriiL
Two milesW of 'lie town are the plains
and highlands, whicii are not of the firft
quality. Between thcfe plains and the
town is a fwamp, through which a body
of water from tlie Milfifippi paflei when
the river is full, li is a commandant's
Aation. EU-cott.
M.idiiaitl, a town nf Fopriyan, in S. A-
mcrica. N lat. O 50, W' Ion. 75 45.
Mjvdalin IJlcs, a clufttr of iik» N E of
the illcof St. John's, and N W of th?,t of
Cape Breton, i.i the gulf of St. Lawrence ;
fituated between 47 13, and 47 42 N lat.
and in 61 40 W Ion They are inhabit-
ed by a few fifliernien. Sea cows iifcd to
ftecpient them; but they are now become
fearcc. Thcfe illes have been fatal to
many vcflcls. The chief nf them are the
Dead Man, F.utry, antl Romea iflands.
Seamen witli to nia'iic them in fair wcatii-
E,v
W . H
MACS;
MAO
«r, as they ferve thcni to» take a new de-
parture ; luit in foggy weather or Mowing
vcalhcr ilicy a« lludiouHy avoid them.
MjgcigauJutvmigum, or Loch I.ale, the
largcft iiiiintuia ol the Magslcadawa Riv-
c»'. It receives 3 flrcanM, Northern, Mid-
dle and Southern, which all enter this
lake coming in from the weft ward, and
continue in a ftream of the fame name
a!)out 5 miles to its confluence with Pc-
gialegchaugum.
Aliigdjlena, La, one of the Marquefas'
Ilbnds, in the S. Sea ; r.bout 6 leagues in
circuit, and hats a harbour under a moun-
tain on its S fide nearly in lat. 10 25 S,
Ion. 138 jO V/.
MiigJ.iLttit, a river of Louifiana, which
empties into the gulf of Mexico, W by S
of Mcxicano river.
M.imlali-na, a l.irge river, the two prin-
cipal lources of which are at no great dif-
tancc from the city of Popayan, in Terra
Firma. Bclcazar, by going down this riv-
er, found a panVgc to the N. Sca» The
river, after uniting its waters with the
C'anco, takc.i tlic name of Grande, and
falls into the N. Sea, bilow the town of
Madre dc Poj)*. The banks of this great
river Hrc well inhabited, and it hasacourfc
of above 2CO leagues. Its mouth is much
frcqnentcd by fniugglcrs, and conveys to
Carthagcnathe produ<!lion» of New Gran-
ad^, viz. gold and grain. Among many
other confiderable pl.-icts on its bankH arc
Matambito, Tencrillc, Talaygua, Mon-
pox, Tamalamcquc, &c.
MagJ.ilene, Cafe «/', a promontory in the
centre of Canada, where there is an
iron mine, which promifcs great advan-
tages, both with regard to the goodnefs
of the mct,il, and the plenty of the ore.
J\fjs;c-as SoiitiJ, on the N \V coaft of N.
America, is in Wafliington's Illands, or
■what the Britifli call Edward's, or Chnr-
lottc's Iflcs,f() called by two different cap-
tains on their lirft falling \a with them.
.1 ,it. ^7, 46 N, Ion. 13 1 4fi W. This found
is divided by Dorr's Illand into 2 parts,
leading into one. The other port is call-
ed Pot Perkins.
//f.ii;tsr,iJii-viri, or M.tgacadava, or E.iJI-
ern River, falls into the bSy of PalTaina-
ijuockly, and is fuppofcd to be the true
.St. Croix, which forms part of the E
boundary Hue between the United States
and New Brunfwick.
Migcilaii, Utraits ff, at the S extremity
of S. America, lie between 5 a and 54 S
lat. ai»d between 76 and 84 W Ion. Thcfe
i\ii\Zi have Patiigonia on the N, and the
iflands of Terra del Fucgo en the S, and
extend from E to W 1 10 leagues, but the
breadth in fomc phcrs falls thort of one.
They were lirft dil'covcred by Magellan,
or Magtlhaens, a P( rtugutfe, in the ler-
vice of Spain, who, in 1520, found out
thereby a paflagc from the Atlantic to
the Pacific ocean. He was the Urft navi-
gator who failed round the world.
Magilluiiiii, or 7crra MagcUunica, a vaft
tra(5l of land, extending from the prov-
ince of Rio de la Plata, quite to the ut-
moft verge of S. America, viz. from lat.
35 to 54 8, The river Sinfundo divides
the W part from the S of Chili ; the N
part of it alfo borders on Chili, and Cu-
yo or Chicuito on the W. The S. Sea
Itoundi it, in patt, on the W. The N,
ocean wholly on the £, and Slndts r.f
Magellan on the S. Magellan .I'mfdi
made no great difcovcries in tf'is coun-
try, except the two capes, of Virgins and
Defirc. The two principal natirns dif-
covtred by the miflionarics,are, the Chu-
nians and Huilhns ; the former inhiibit
the continent, and feveral illands, to the
northward of the Huiilans, who inhabit
the country near MagclLin Straits The
foil is generally birren, hardly bearing
any grain, and liie trees exhibit a dirnial
afpetfl ; fu that 11. inhabitants live mif-
erabiy in a cold, inhdfpitable climate.
The tluillans are not numerous, being
hunted li'iccwild beafts, bythc Chunians,
who fell them for (laves. The other na-
tions are not known, much lefs their ge-
nius or manner of living. The eafterii
coafts of Magellan are generally low,
abounding with bogs, and have feveral
illands near the fliorc ; the moft remark-
able of which is the Ille of Penguins, fu
called from a bird of that name which
abounds on it. The illands S of the llriiits
arc Terra del Fuego ; as there is a volci-
no in the largeft of them, emitting fire ami
fmokc, and appears terrible in the night.
The Spaniards eretflcd a fort on this ftrair,
and placed a garrifon in it ; but the mea
were ail ftarved.
Mtiguana, St. John 0/, a canton and town
on the S fide of the ifland of St. Domin-
go, is on the left fide of the river Ncybc.
The capital of the ancient Indian kingdom
of Maguana, ftood where the town St.
John of Maguana is fituattd. The an- i
eient capital difappeared with the unfor-
tunate priucc Anacoana. This canton
was pillaged by the Englifli privateers, in
1543. In 1764 the diftrit^ of the new
parifl^ contained 3600 pcrfons, of whom
i •
MM
jOO \ffte capable of bearing arms. Itt
population amount! now to more than
jooo louU.
Mtiliiitiiimaci, a river wliirb falU into
the Delaware from the N li at tlic N W
corner of N. Jerfcy.
MahuHt U.iy,iM\ theroaflof N'lva Sco-
tia, it fcparatcd from Mnrgarct'j bay by
the promontory on wtiich is tlic nigh
land of Afpocagocn.
MuLoiiiu^, aiownHilp on Suf«iuc!iann:i
river, in Pcnnfylvani.i.
Mubonoy, a townlbip on Sufquchanna
river, in Pcnnfylvania, having iiozin-
liabitants.
MjiJenbtad, a fmall neat village in Hun-
terdon CO. N. Jerfcy, having a Frefbyte-
rian church, halfway between Princeton
and Trenton, on the great port road from
N. York to Philadelpliia ; 6 miles from
each. The townfliip of Maidc niicad con-
tained in 1790 103Z inhabitants.
Mui,ifla>ii, a towndiip in EtVex co. in
Vermont, on Connecticut river, contain-
ing 152 inhabitants.
Mii'uljlone 7'o%vn/n!j),n. Canada, lic» be-
tween Sandv/ich und Rochcftcr, upon L.
£iic.
Afjirte, D'JliiH of, belonging to MaiTa-
chufetcs, is iituated between lat. 43 and
48 15 N, and between Ion. 64 53 and 70
39 W ; bounded N by L. Canada, E by
the province of New Brunfwick, S by the
Atlantic Ocean, W by N. Hampfliire.
Maine is in length, on an average, 200
miles, and its average breadth aoo
mile* ; containing 40,000 fqirre miles, or
35,6oo,coo acres. It is divided into 6
counties, viz. York, Cumberland, Lin-
coln, Kcnncbeck, Hancock, and Wafliing-
ton ; thcfc are fubdivided into upwards
of 200 incorporated townfliips ; inhabit-
ed by 151,719 fice people. The chief
towns arc Portland the metropolis, York,
Wells, Brunfwick, Wifeaffet, Hallo-
well, Bath, )yaldoborougb, Penobfcot,
and Machias. The chief rivers are Pe-
nobfcot, Kennebeek, Saco, Androfcoggin,
St. Croix, &c. befide a vafl number of
fmall rivers. The moft noted lakes arc
Moofchead, Scoodic, Sebacook, and Um-
bagog. The chief bays nre thofc of Cafco,
Penobfcot, Machias, Saco, and PaiTama^
quoddy. The moA remarkable capes arc
thofc of Neddock, Porpoifc, Elizabeth,
Small Point, Pcmaquid, and Petit Ma-
nan. Maine, though an elevated traiSl:
of country, cannot be called mountain-
ous. A great proportion of the lands are
ariiblc and fcrtilcj particularly between
MAI
Penobfcot and Kcnncbeck riv^r*. On
fome parts of the fia coaH, the l.indt arc
but indilllrcnt. 1'he foil ot (iii^ country
in general, where it in piojK riy fittcil lo
receive the feed, jppiais to be Vvry friend-
ly to the growth uf wheat, rye, b.irl 'v,
oit>i,pca«,hcnip,ind 1I ix, as well as lurtlm
produelion ol' iilmoQ alt kin>ls orculinaty '
roots and plantit, and for ]vn;.;li't1i gvnU ;
and alio for Indian corn, eljjn iaily if llic
feed be procured from u nmre northern
cliiuatc. Hi)psartthcfpontai cons growth
of this country : and it is uUo uncommon-
ly good for grazing, and liirge (locks rf
neat c-ittlcmay be fed botli Uiniincrand
winter. The natural growth coiifiilj < f
white pine and fjituec trees in large
quantities, fuitable for marts, boards, and
Ihingles ; maple, bcctli, white and gny
oak, and yellow birch. The low lands
produce fir, which yields a baifam that is
highly prized. Aimort the whole coaft
N E of Portbnd is lined with iHands
among which vefTcU may generally an-
chor with faftty. 'i'iic principal cxportsof
this country are of various kinds ot lum-
ber, as pine boards, fliip timber, and ev-
ery fpccics of f^jlit lumber manufidured
from pine and oak ; thcfe are exported
from the various ports iuimmenfc quan-
tities. A fpirit of improvement is in«
crcaiing here. A eolUgc htjs been or-
ganized in a plcafant fituation in Brunf-
wick, and 5 academics incorporated, a'l
endowed with handfomc grants of poh-
lic lands. Town fehools are maintained
in nioft of the towns. The Common-
wealth of Maflachufetts poflefs between
eight and nine million acres in this Dif-
tri«Sl, independent of what they have fold
or contracted to fell, which brings into
the treafurytheneatfuni of /lifip.ooj: 8: 7
currency. Exclufivc of the lands fold,
about 385,000 acre: have been granted
for the eneour.-igemcnt of literature and
other ufeful and humane purpofes. At-
tempts were made to fettle this country
as carl/ as 1607, on the W fide of Kenne-
beek river ; but they proved unfuccell-
fnl, and were not repeated till betweeu
x6ao and 1630. In 1633, the wertcru
part of it was granted to rerdinando
Gorges, by the, Plymouth Company, and
he iird inuituted government in this prov-
ince. In 165a, this province came under
the jurifdidlion of Maflachufetts, and was,
by cliarter,incorporatedwithit,ini69r. le
has fmee increafed to 15 1,71 9 inhabitants,
Mainjborough, an uninhabited townfliip
in CraUoQ co. >f. HumpOurc.
Main, Lfy a flrait bctts'ccn Terra del
^ucgn und Statcn lllund, in i>. America.
M>iiiy, Capi, is lltf V. point of Culia,
Miijabj^^aJucc, in Mniiic, at lie mouth of
Venoblcot river, on tlie 11 fide.
Mji.Jljtd, Uj>pir and I.oiver, townniips
^n B«clt'» CO. Pcnnfylv.ini;v,tlie former hav-
tng iioi, and the latter 963 inli.iSicaats.
Maldbiir, Cope, or Sandy Puinl, ;i narrow
iliip of land projc(5ling out from the S E
p.nrt of Ci'pe Cod, Mairaclnifvits, 8 miles
{> by W. N bt. .41 .53, \V Ion. 70 3.
IvLilalirigo, a harbour on the coa(l of
Peru, in the S. .'^ta.
Maliimliito, a town in the province of
Carthagena, in Terra lirma, about 60
miles E of Cartliagena, and on the Wlidc
of the river Magdalcaa.
M.ilJeii Toivnjhlp, Eflcx CO. U. Canada,
W fituated at the mouth of Detroit river,
on the E iidc of the fhait having Colchcf-
ter to the £, and the Huron to the north.
Smyth.
MMcn, a town In Middlefex co. Alalia-
chufctts, on the E pod road, 4 miles N of
Bodon, containing 1059 inhabitants. It
jj conncdled with CharleQcwn by a biidge
over Myftic river, built in 1787.
MMonado, a bay in the river La Plata,
f. of Euenos Ayres, in S. America, and 9
Jeague3 from Cape Santa Maria.
Malta, a town in Saratoga co. N. York,
taken from the wedcrn part of Stiliwate#,
4 miles £ of Boilcown Spring!).
Mama JD/</>^, a towufliip in UIHer co.
H. York, W of Montgomery and Wallkill,
ion Delaware river. It contains 163 1 in-
'liabitantff.
^ M::Maroneci, a townfliip in W. Cheflcr
«o. N York, containing 51a inhabitants,
liounded S by New Rochelle, and £ by
the Sound.
Mamarumi, a place on the road from
Guayaquil to Quito, in S. America, where
<hcre is a very beautiful cafcade. The
Tock from which the water precipitates
hfelf, is nearly perpendicular, and 50
.fathoms high ; and on both fidrs edged
■with lofty and fpreading trees. The
clearnefs of the water da/.zles the fight,
which is delighted, at the fame lime, with
4he large volume of water formed in its
fell ; after which it continues its courfe
in a bed, along a imaU defccnt, and is
croffed ov.£r by a bridge.
Manca, a town of W. riorida, on the E
liank of the Miififippi, at the moulh of
Hona Chitto river.
Manceniila, a large bay on the N fide of
.tLe iilaad of St. pomingo } about 4,000
MAN
fathoms long from W to E, and l,irm
broaj ficni N to b. 'J'lc S £ p.irt ot the
luy i« very wide, and alTords nccllent an-
choragi, evtn for vclkis olllieliiU fi/.c.
In other (arts it is too Hiallow. '1 he
river Mallacrc, which vas the point of
ftp,4ration of the Frtnih andSpaniili coU
ouiiK on the N of till- ill.uid, runs a N
courCc, towards its mouth NW, and tn-
ttrn tl'.t dftcrn p.irt of tlic bay. The [uf
ol MaDcciiilla, though a very fine one, it
iu)l fo ufiful us it nu^lit be, if its bottom
v/crc well known. There arc fcvcral
(hallows in it, owing to the ovciflnwings
of the MalVacrc, which rolls into it, w"d,
f^nd, and lionet, in great quantities, fo
that it ll-cms ncctHary to found the bay
annually, after tin y are over. In general,
it is prudent, on entering, to keep clofer
to the point of Ycaquc, than to the S fide
of tlic bay ; hccaulc tlic fandy point ha<
no rocks. The bottom of the bay is
muddy. The river Maflacce is, during
a league fiom .f to 12 feet deep, and pret-
ty >»idc ; but its bed is often full of the
wood which the current brings down. It
fwarnis with iifli ; and here arc found
thofe enormous mullets which arc the
pride of titc table at Cape Francois. In
the timc« of the floods, thcfc filli are driv-
en towards the bay, where negroci, well
prai^ifed in the bufiniT^, fifli for them.
Filliing in the bay is diiHcuIt enough, oi»
account of the drittcd wood ; but the
negroes are good divers, and arc often ob-
liged to go to the bottom and difengagc
the feine ; but when it gets near the
beach,it is a fingularand (Iriking fpetflacle
to fee the negroes, the fiHi, and the alli-
gators, all flouncing about in the water
together. The negroes kill the alligators,
knock out their teeth, and fell them to
make corals, the garniture of which fervcs
!o mark the degree of luxury or pride of
thofe who hang them to the necks of
their children. The plcu(y of fifli often
attradls fliips of war to this bay. The
mouth of MafTacrc river lies in N lat. 19
44, W Ion. from Paris 74 9.
Manchac, a town or parifli on both fides
of the MifTifippi, extending 12 miles on
the river. The banks of the ri"cr at
Manchac, though frequently overflowed
by the vernal inundations, are 50 feet
perpendicular height above the furface
of the water ; and the river, at its lowed
ebb, is not Itfn than 40 fathoms deep, and
nearly a mile in width. The Spanifli for-
trefs on the point of land below the Ib-
berviiie, clofe by the banks of the riv< r,
has
Int a <
a llendc
thr ch;
Jliot fr
•See /,»(
Mam
(lie lea
Jkvrrly
lilhery i
in tile V
niprehai
townrtii
miles N
cd in 16
aiits.
M.tHCi
Benning
miles N
of Albai
eontains
of the t
Battenkil
«alcareoti
and appa
requirrs
good lime
M.imcbc
VcaniyW.
Mancheft
habitants,
Manchtj
ginia, on t|
lite to Ri(
ncaed
fulfered ni
czpeditioi
Manibcj
leagues N
«d ajo fai
Manchej
Day Com
tVof Hu
Buckini
W Iidc of
part of N.
Ion. 109 _
Manchrj
Ohio, 47J
Mancori
yaquil
eoaft. Th
'ivulct of
of the mi
fummer,
nel is fo
crable.
MiH^et.
ed by Cap.
liis laft vo'
• recfofcd
M A It
%in n communicr.tinn with Manchsc, bv
» llciulcr, iLirrinv, w>iiitl<'a bridt^c, acroU
thr clianiirl uf iMx'i'viilc, and not u liow
fltiit from the li;kl>itatuiiit of M.incliac.
Sec T.aiiiJi.iHiU
M.iHctn-Jf.r, a pofl und finiinj» town, (»n
tlie fta coafl bitwcca •'.ipc AniK" and
Beverly, in V.iTei c. M i,..ichiirctti. The
tillicry u carried on trom this port chieHy
hi t lie- vcJclii, and fur the account ol tlic
mt-rchaiits in BoHon, and Salem. 'I'he
towndiip lie* 8 E i)f Wenham, atid .^o
mile* N F. of Boflun. It wan incorporat-
ed in 164J, and contains io3) inhabit-
lUltS.
Mincbtjl^r, a poll town of Vermont,
Bennington co. on Uattenkili. It is )i
miles N by E of Ucnnington.and s^) N 1^
of Albany in N. Y(irk. This townfliip
contains 1397 inhabitants. In the S part
of the town, in a hill a little W of the
Battenkill, is 3 deep Oratum of friable
ealcareous earth, of iliewhitencfH of chalk;
and Apparently eompofcd of f.iells, which
ret^uirrs but tittle burning to produce
good lime.
M.inchtjiir, a townfliip in York co.
Penufylvania, has 1175 inhabitants. W.
Manchedcr in this county, has 794 in-
habitants.
Muiiibtjfer, a fmall pott town of Vir-
ginia, on the S fide of James rivtr, oppo-
lite to Richmond, with which it it con-
nciSled by a bridge. In 1781 this town
fulFered much during Arnold's dedrudtive
expedition.
Mamhejltr, a town of Nova Scotia, ro
leagues N W of Cape Caiilo. It contain-
ed 250 families in 1 783.
MancLeJier Hoiifi, one of the Hndfon
Bay Company's f tclories, lies 100 miles
tVof Hudlon's Houfe, and 75 3 E of
Buckingham Houfe. It (lands on the S
W fide of Safkdfliawaii river, in the N W
part of N. America. N lat. 53 14 18, W
ion. 109 20.
Mancbcjitr, » poft town in Adams co,
Ohio, 471 miles from VValliington.
Mancora, a place on the roa«l from Gua-
yaquil to Truxiila, in Peru, on the fca
coad. Througli it, during winter, runs a
rivulet of frefli water, to the great relief
of the mules that travel this way. In
fummer, the little remaining in its chan-
nel is fo brackifli, as to be hardly tol-
erable.
Minge{,7, an illand of the S. Seas, vifit-
ed by Captain Cook in the beginning of
his laft voyage. The coaft is guarded by
» reel' of cor^ rocks,again(lwhich a heavy
MAW
furf !« continually breaking. The ill;in«l
is 'ibot:t I.; miles in circunUircmi. The
iiili.ibit.tnu ap|)t.'.ir nl' a warlike dil°poh«
tion. 8 lit. ai 17, VV l:»n, n« 7.
'.I:':l),ii:,it, the ancient name of Long
and York lllands.
J][.ifili!/v, a town of IVnnfylvania, CO,
of l.ancaftcr. It contains ahmu ^o houlis,
and 104 I inhabitant^, and .tDiitch tliuich.
(;lal* work* wrre criOlcd licrc \ir«viou»
to ilic revolution, hut they ari f..Ilcn to
dcc.iy. It i« II ii>il(s N hy W of l,an-
c.<l\cr, and 77 W by N of Vhiladtlphia,
Alio the name of a town in York co.
Pcnnfylvania, h;<vinj; 1876 inluibitatitti.
MdniciHiigjn,o{ Jiliui /?/t/ir, riffs from
a lake of it* name, in I.. Canaila ; ninit a
diutlicrn ciiurle, iind falU into the Si.
Lawrence, 8j miles N E ot 'I'adoul'ac.
ALiiiii!, or Biihurncn, mountains in Sr.
Domingo, 20 niilts in circumference, ;in(l
alnuift inaccclViblc. They have bctn lor
80 years puft the piticc of refuge «)f the
fn;',ilivc Spanilli Hiul lYeiich Negroes,
Thcfe brigands have defied their putln-
er«. The I'lill of ilicfe mountains is (er»
tile, the air teu'.pcratc, and the llreams in
them abound with gold dull.
iWi/«fV/o«, a townfliip in Fayette cow
Pcnnfylvania, having 1207 inhabitants.
Miinitou, or ManUdUjiia IJIiikU, are A
numhrr ofitlands towards the N fliorc (E
lake Huron, ftrctching from the viciniry
of Cabots Head, northwtflcrly acrofs tl.c
lake to 1-akc (Jeorgc, below the falls of
St. Mary. Thefe iflands are held I'acrcd
by the Indians.
Manliut, a port town in Onondago co.
N. York, incorp rated in I794,andis the
feat of the couniy courts. It is well wa-
tered by Butternut, Lineftone, and Chit-
tenengn creeks, which tmitc at the N R
corner of the town ; and the ftream, af-
fnming the latter name, runs N to Onei«
da lake, which is 10 miles N of the cen-
tre of the town. It comprehends tint
part of the Onondago refcrvation bound-
ed S by the Geneilcc road, and W by
Onondago creek and the Salt lake. It ha*
989 inhabitants.
Manmic, Indian villages on the Pic.i-
way fork of the Manmic, or Miami of the
lal- e, «nd St. Mary's river. See Miumi.
AlaHiinjTioH, a town in Salem co. N.
Manor, a townthip in Lancalrer c<v
Pcnnfylvania, having 1804 inhabitant!).
Manfcoc, a fait lick ill Georgia, S of the
Mufcle flioals, in the Tcneflee River, re-
markable for tlie Mammoth bones found
here.
MAN
I^AH
t\ere. It is faid they were fii(Ficicnt to
load a fliip. "Thisovcrthrow^ " laysScott,
•' the theory of Mr. JcfTtrfon. "He fap-
j)()fcs thelc bones »rc never found further
S ch;in !at. .16 h N." Manfcoe is about
a dc)',rcts fiirthtr S.
M.in/.-l, ill! iihiiid \a the N E part of
lludfoii's bay, between Southampton iJl-
and and titc coull of liiibraUor. H lat.
MansjIdJ, a townfliip in SufTcx en. N.
Jcrfey, containing in 179c, 1482 iiihabit-
auu. It is 0:1 Mulconecunk river, about
7 miles S E of Oxford, and as far N of
Greenwich.
M-insfuU- a townfliip in Briftol co.
TtlallaciKifttt.'t, 29 miles foiithcrly of Cof-
lon. It was incorporated in 1770, and
contains loiO inhabitants,
M.insfi4d^ !i townlhip in Chittenden
CO. Vermont, between l.a Moillc and On-
ion rivers, about 7 mih's dilHnce from
cacli, and I13 miles N by E of Benning-
ton. In this town rifcsa lofty mountain,
called Minslield mountain. It has only
13 inhabitants.
AIi>:.<fii!J, a townfliip in Burlington co.
N. Jeifey, on the S fide of Black's creek,
confiding of 19,000 acres, of an excellent
foil, noted for its fine paftures and large
dairies. It is 8 mi lei W by N of Burling-
ton, and 11 S by E of Trenton. The ia-
hibitanis are moftly Friends.
ilffHj/jf.'V, a townfliip in Windham co.
Connevfticut, about 30 miles N of New
London, and as far K of Hartford. In-
habitants 2.?6o.
Miinlii, a bay of Guayaquil, ih S. A-
merlca, formerly famous for a conlidera-
I)lc pearl fiflury ; but it has been totally
difeontinucd for Come years. There is
alfo a point of this name on the coaft
near it. The bay has its name from the
great numbers of large fifli, called manias,
the catching of which is the common
employment of the inhabitants. The
method of carrying on this fifhery is as
follows ; they throw into the water a log
of wood, al>out 18 feet long, and near a
foot ill diameter ; on one end they place
their iict, and on the other an Indian
Hands in an erc^H: pofition, and with a fin-
gle oar rows iiis tottering hark to the dif-
tanee of half a league from the (liore,
where he ihoots his net ; another Indian
follows on a fimiUr log, takes hold of the
rope faflcncd to one end of the net, and
Mrhen fully extended, they both make to-
wards the land, hauling the mt after
them. It is aftoniiliing to obfervc >vi:h
what agility the Indians maintain an equi-
librium on thel'c round logs, notwithftand-
ing the continual agitations of the fea,
and their being obliged to mind the oar
and the net at ihc fame time. They arc
indeed excellent fwimmers ; fo that if
they flip o(F tticy arc immediately on
the log again, and in their former pofition.
Aliplfioii, a name given to a pleafant
range of excellent farms, 3 miles E of
Princeton, N. Jerfcy.
M.iifiioit, a bay of flioal waters in Cafco
Bay, Maine, about zo miles N of Cape
Elizabeth, frequently mentioned in the
hiflory of Maine ; where the Indians
were ufed to land with their canoes, and
from thence carry them to P<j^pfcot Falls,
on Androfco;j;;;in river. This was done
with the toil of only 4 hours walk. From
thefe falls they went down into Kenne-
bec!: river ; and from thence continued
their route up that river to WefTerunfett,
and thence over to St. Lawrence ; or
turned and went down through Mon-
feag bay, towards Penobftot ; or from
the falls they continued their progrefs up
Androfco2j;in river, beyond the White
Mountains, and over to Connecticut riv-
er, and froni thence to Lake Memphrc-
magog, and down to the limits of Canada.
Mdracailto, M,tracaybo, or Maracaya, a
fmall but rich city of Venezuela, a prov-
ince of Terra Firma in S. America, on
the W bank of the lake of the fame nanif,
about 18 miles from its mouth and 73 S
W of Coro. It is well built, has fcveral
ft itely houfcs, very regular and adorned
with balconies, from which there is a
profpedt of the lake, which has the ap-
pearance of a fea. Here are about 4600
inhabitants, of whom 800 arc able to.
bear arms. It has a governor fubordi-
nate to the governor of Terra Firma.
Here is a large parochial church, an hof-
pital, and 4 convents. VefTels from 25
to 30 ions frequent this port, with man-
ufadlures and merchandife from the
places near the lake, which are after-
wards put on board SpaniOi fliips that
come hither to buy them Ships are
built at Maracaibo, which trade all over
America, and even into Spain, this place
being very commodious for fliip build-
ing. It lies 338 miles E of Rio dc la
Haeha. N lat. 10 .51, W Ion. 70 15.
M.iraca'ilo Like, or rather Cmlf, a large
colleiilion of waters, on which the town
above mentioned isiltuated. It is nearly
208 miles long, and in I'ome parts, 50 in
breadth, running from S to N, and emp-
tying
tying rtftif i
of which isv
but Sir Hem
plundered f<
coaft, and dc:
been fent to
flows into the
brackifli, not
ers it receives
of fifli, fome
"By t'lc naviga
itants of Vene
thofe of New
comes narron
where the tow
JM[aragHon.
Maragnon, o:
name of a nor
zil. Chief tow
Muranbiiij, a
of the noted ri
and Mony, on
of Maranon in
''■"g. 45 miles ii
well inhabited,
on it ini6ia,bu
Louis de Marag
hands ofthc Poi
fee. It is very
caflle built on s
which command
hour. The iflad
of accefs, by rea
three rivers wh
fels muft wait f(
fons to vifit it.
tinned here, are
Andero, on the 1
St. Jagoonthefo
about a; hamlet
large huts, form
die ; all being bi
covered from toj
fo that each may
The inhabitant!
and live to a grcs
are their only wi
are very dextroi
and crud, efpcci
i'he continent, 1
I'land, is'inhabiti:
land Toupinambo
land fierce, and di'
jnamletj, jts have
jContiguoujto th<
ICunia add.Gayet
'he fame fort
Maragnar, has a
*f *he rivir St.
J^"^'" ; An mU
MAR
MAR
tying ttfelf into the N. Sea ; the eirtratice
of which is well defended by ftrong forts ;
but Sir Henry Morgan paiTcd by them,
plundered feveral Spanifli towns on the
coA(k, and defeated a I'quadron which had
been fcnt to intercept him. As the tide
flows into the lake, its water is fomcwhat
brackifli, notwithf^anding the many riv-
ers it receives. It abounds with all forts
of fifli, fomc of which are very large.
By the navigation of this lake, the inhab-
itants of Venezuela carry on a trade with
thofe of New Granada. The lake be-
comes narrower towards the middle,
where the town is eredled.
Maragnan. See River of Amazont,
Maragnon^ or Maranon, ov Marig»on,\.ht
name of a northern captainfliip of Bra-
zil. Chief town, St. I.ouis.
MuratihM, a fmail illand at the mouth
of the noted rivers Maracu, Topocoru,
and Mony, on the N fide of the province
of Maranon in Brazil. The ifland is ob-
'""S> 45 n^iles in circuit, very fertile, and
well inhabited. The French, who feized
on it in i6ia, built a town here, called St.
Louis de Maragnan ; but it is now in the
hands of the Portugiiefe, and i* a bifliop's
fee. It is very ftrong, and has a flout
cnflle built on a rock, towards the fea,
which commands a very convenient har-
bour. The ifland itfelf is very difficult
of accefs, by reafon of the rapidity of the
three rivers which form it ; fo that vef-
fels mull wait for proper winds and I'ca-
fons to vifu it. Befide the town men-
tioned here, are two fmaller ones, viz. St.
Andero, on the mod northern point, and
St. Jago on the fouthern. The natives have
about 17 hamlets, each confiding of four
large huts, forming a fquare in the mid-
dle ; aill being built of large timbc, and
covered from top to bottom with leaves :
fo that each may contiin a or 300 perfons.
The inhabitants are ftrong and healthy,
ind live to a great age ; bows and arrows
are their only weapons, with which they
I arc very dextrous; but they are fierce
and cruel, efpecially to their enemies.
I The continent, 3 or 4 leagues from the
(land, is'inhabited by the Tapouytapare,
I and Toupinambois nations, who are wild
land fierce, and divided into 15 or ao fuch
Ihamlett, ds havc^een defcribed above.
I Contiguous to thcTearethe territories of
ICunia add -Gayeta, inhabited by nearly
Ithe fame fort of people. The capital,
iMaragnar., has a harbour at the mouth
|of 'he t\vir St. Mary, on the Atlantic
|occan : 491^ miles north weft of Cape
iVoi, I.
64
St. Roque. S. 'lat. a a;, W Ion. 44 ^fn
Miiritfhcad, a port of entry and pod
town in EiTex co. MulTichufctts, 4 miles
S E of .Salcni, 19 N V. of Boftoa; contain-
ing I Epilcop;!! and a Congreganoiial
churches, and 5aii inhabitants. The
harbour lies in front of the town S \l, ex-
tending from S W to N E, about a mile'
and a half in len;^th,and iialf a mile broad.:
It is formed by Marblchcad neck on the
S and E, and is protedcd by a fea wall,
which, before its late repairs, was in im-
minent danger of giving way to the great
detriment, if not ruin of the port. A
battery and citadel were ttecled hereia
1795, for the defence of tlic place, by or-
der of Congrcl's. I'he bank lilhcry em-
ploys the principal attention of the in-
habitants, and more is done of this bufi-
ncfs, in this place, than in any other in
the ftatc. The exports of the year 1794,
amounted to 184,53a dollars. Marble-
head was incorporated in 1649, and lies
in N lat. 4a 30, W Ion. 69 j<,^.
MarlletoTvn, a townfl'.ip in Ulftcr co,
N. Ycyk, on the W fide of Iludfon river,:
N W of Paltz, adjoining. It contains
3847 inhabitants.
jif.irc, St. See Marl.
Marcdius, a military and port town in
Onondago co. N. York, fituated on Skan-
eatetes lake, 11 miles W of Onondago
Caftle. Marcellus was incorporated in
1794. It has 909 inhabitants.
Alarctis Hooi, in Chcflcr co. Pennfvlva-
nia, on the W fide of Delaware river, 20
miles below Philadelphia. It contains
about .30 families. Here are two rows of
piers, or long wharves, to defend vefiels
from the driving of ice in winter.
Marcchaux, Cape, forms the N E fide of
the bay of Jacmel, iu St. Domingo. N.
lat. 18 18.
Marechitet InJ'ans, inhabit the banlcs of
the river St. John, and around Paflama-
quoddy bay. Tliey have about 140 fight-
ing men.
Marcqaita,z. city of New Granada, Ter-
ra Firnia, 8. America.
Margallatvay, a river which rifes in
Maine, and crofTis the N. HanipOiire line
between Lake UnibaRo^ and a mountain
on the N, and runs S W to Aniarifcoggia
river. Its mouth is 10 rods wide.
MarganCs liuy, St. a port on the S coaft.
of Nova Scotia, between Profpe«fl Har-
bour and Mahone bay ; from which la(t.
it is ftparalcd by a promontory, on which,
is the high idiid of Afpotagocn.
Mar^artttaf or Huiita Mar^aretta dc lat
Caractet
m
RTATl
MA'R
Citrjuas, an ifland of Terra Firma, S. A'
merica, Irnin which it is parled by a ftrait
24 miles wide ; 68 miles W of Paria, or
New And.ilulia. Columbus difcovercd
it in his third voyage, in 1498. It is 40
miles in length and 34 in breadth ; and,
bein^; alr.-ays verd.mt, affords a moft a-
greeable prorpeiTt. It abounds in paf-
ture, miize and fruit ; but there is a
fcarcity of wood and water. 'I'here was
once a pe„:'l finieiy on its coaft, which
produced one pt:..r!, t'"- tlneft ever fcen,
valued at ^^ij.ooo (terling, bought by the
kiny; of Spain. The inhabitants are a
mixture of Indians and Spaniards, who
are lazy and fuptrftitious. Here are
feveral forts of animals, partictdarly wild
liOi^s, with f.fli and fowl. NJat. 1146,
W Ion. 64 iz.
Miir^raiet's IJlttiuit, ill- the N." PariSo
ocean, were dUcovered by Capt. James
Majjee, in the Ibip Margaret, of Bofton,
in his voya,e:c from Kanifchaika in 1780.
Thtir latitude is 24 40 N,lon. 141 12 E.
MargarcHfvUle, a village in Wafliing-
ton CO. Maryland, about ro miles S bv E
of Elizabeth" Town, and 6 N E of WiK
liam's I'ort.
Margot, the river and heights of Mar-
;?ot are on the E fide of the Miflilippi.
The river has a wcftcrly courfe, and is'
faid to be navit^able for batteaux a num-
ber of miles. The ground below itsjunc*
tion with the Wifiifippi, in lat. 35 28 Nj
affords a commanding, airy, ple.afant, and
cxtcnfive fituation for iettlcmcnts ; the
foil is remarkably fertile. About 3 mifea
below this, the French built Affiimption
Fort in 1 7,^6, (afterwards called Prudhone
Fort,) when at war with the Chickafaws,
but the year after it was demoliflicd, when
a peace was concluded.
Mat jot Port, a maritime village on- the
N'fidc of the illand of St. DOmingo, in 19
48 N lat. 9 leaf^ues W of Cape Francois.
Maria, Cape f!a/ita,h the.N cape at the
mouth of La Plata river, in S. America ;
9 leagues from the bay of Maldonade,
and 20 froni Mimtebideo, a bay fo called
from a mountain which overlooks it.
Mari,j S.int.i, a tow« of the audience of
Panama, in S America. It was built by
the Spaniards foon after they difcovcred
the gold mines in its neighbourhood. N
lat. 7 4.1, Wlon. 78 12.
■ Mirriaira/iinlf, one of the Carihbee Ifl-
ands in the Atlantic ocean ; fo sailed from
the ilvp's name in which CoUimbus dif-
covered it, in 1493. It is of aneliptical
figure, 4^ league! from N to S, aiid 3 from
E to W. It lies 5 or 6 leagues S eafterl^
of Guadalotipe, above half its furface is
barren mountains. There arc only tv/o
pariflies, the principal at the S defended
iiy a fort called Bafieterre. It is indif-
ferently watered, but produces 8oo,oC'olbi
of coffee, ico.ooolb. cotton, and i,coo,oco
lb. of fugar. The French planted a colo-
ny here in 1648. It was taken by tl-.o
Englifli in 1692, but the French foon let-
tied there again, and flill polfefs it. N
lat. i,<s sSi Wlon. 61 6.
Mj'riaiina,v>'M the name given to the
difbndl granted -by the Plymouth Council
to Captain John Mafon m 1621. It ex-
tended from the river Naumkeag, now S;i-
lem, round Cape. Ann, to Merrimack riv-
er, and frjomithe fea to the heads of thcfe
rivers, with the iflauds lyiag within 5
miles- ofthecoafV.-
Marif, Cap$ Damty the W point of tl-.s
ifland of St. Domingo, which, with Cape
St. Nicholas, fonms the entrance of the
bay of Leogane. N lat. 18 38, W lon<
from Paris 76 jr. The town of this
name, fituatcd onthe caps,, is on the N W
part of the S peiiinfula'; 8- leagues W of
Jercniie, and 60 W of Port au Prince.
'I'he to*','ns and villages, along the N coaft
of tlie.pcninfula,andin.the bay or bite o£
Leogane, between thevcape and Port au
Prince, are Petit Trou, Anfe a Veau, Mar."
agoane. Petite Goave^ Grand Goave, &cw
Marie, Straits of, connect Lakes Superi-
or and Huron, which will permit boat*
to pafs, but not larger veffels. Near the
upper end of thcfe- flratts, which ars
40 miles long, is a rapid,- which (thougli
it-is impoffiblfi-for canoes to afcend) may
be navigated by boats without danger,
when . condudled by able pilots. The
ftraits afford one of the mod pleafing'
profpetfks in the world : on the left, lead-
ing to lake Superiot", may be feen mar.y
beautiful little inand» that extend a con-
fidera'ble way before you ; and on tha
right an agreeable I'ucceffion of fmall
points of land, which projedk a little way
into the water, and contrih'ute with the
iilands to render it ddightfuL
Mariel, Port, a harbour on the N fide of
Cuba,\which will admit frigatesof 30guiij.
Marietta, a handfome port town in the
ftate of Ohio, Gtuated /iii the Ohio, juft
above the mouth of*he Mufkingum.
The Campus Martins in thit town it
an elevatAl public fquarc, founded
by the Ohio Company, in the year
1788. The fortification is all of hew»
timber, and for appearance^ conven-
ience,,
WAR
M A R
int of tl-.9
/ith Ciipe
cc of tlio
8, W loa<
vn of tbi»
ntheNW
igues W of
au I'rince.
the N coaft
y or bite 06
>nd Port au
Veau, Mai-
Goave, &-;•'
akes Superi-
efirtit boat*
i. Near the
which arj
lich (thougk
afcend) may
lOUt dancer,
lilots. The
noft pleafin§
the left, lead-
56 feen majy
extend a coii-
and on the
.on of fr"'-'^
it a little way
Vute with the
„ the N fide of
ate8of30g"f
ft town in the
the Ohio, juft
Mufkinguni.
thif lown i»
lare, founded
in the year
i all of hew*
ance, convcn-
ieacC)
'■■ imce, and defence, of fupcrior exceQcnco.
It is more than ,30 feet above the high
hanlcs of the Mullcingum, and only 159
yards diftant from that river, with a beau-
tiful natural glacis in front. The water
of the Ohio, has fometimes rifcn to fuch
height as to inundate the lower part of
the town. The town confift? of 1,000
houfe lots of 90 by 180 ftet ; the/pacious
ftrects interfedk each other at right an-
gles, and there are neceflary fquarcs re-
lerv«d for ul'e, pleafure and ornament. It
is 19 miles above Bel Pre, 86 S W of
WhceUng, 146 S W of Pittfbnrg, 740 N E
of Lexington in Kentucky, and 460 \V by
S.of PhiUdelphja. . Lat. 39 34 ai, N Ion.
ISa 9 W.
Marion, a diftrlA of S. Carblina, con-
taining 6914 inhabitants, of whom iiji
are Haves.
Miirttam Toiv/i/h!^, in the E riding of
the CO. of York, U. Canada, fronts Yong°-
Areet, and lies to the N of York and Scar-
borough. Here are good mills, and a
thriving fettlcment of Germans. Smyth.
Mori's, St. a town' of E. Florida, at the
liead of the bay of Apalachy ; i8o miles
W of St. Auguftine, and 105 from the Al-
achua Savannah. Nlat.^o la^Wlon-Sj 45.
Mari, St. 3 juriidi<ftion in the W part
of the ifland of St. Domingo, containing
4pariflies. Its exports, fliippod fronithe
(own of its name, from Jan. "i, 1789,10
Dec. 3 1, of the faone year, were 3,065,047
lb. white fugar, 7,93i>7iOlb.'br<r,vn fugar,
7,041,8521b. cotT«e, 3,250,8901b. cotton,
3 49,8 1 9 lb« indigo, and various af-ticles to
tlie value of a,450§ li vres : the tctal value
of duties oin exportation 116,974 dollars
4 cents. The town of St. Mark lies ■«
the head of a hay of its name, which is
at the head of the Bay or Bite of Lcoganc.
The bay is formed by Cape St. Mark on
tlie S, and Morne au Diable on the N.
This town, althougii fmali, is reckoned
tlie pleafanteft in the ifliind. Its com-
merce is coufiderable. It owes a -great
dial of its einbellilhments to the attention
of M. de Marbois, during his adminiftra-
tion. It is 22 leagues W of Hinche, 19^ N
W of Port au Prince, 14 S by W of 1-es
Gonaives, 30 S of Port de Paix, and 26^
•S W of Cape Francois. N lat. 195, W
Ion. 75 10.
Muriii/roujr/} To'uivJh''p, in Grenvillc co.
U. Canada,, lies N of>Oxford, and is water-
td hy the Radeau.
Marlborough, a diftriift on the Great
Pedce river, S. Carolina, 25 miles long,
Md 11^ bfoad. Sec IS. Canlina.
Marlloroiigh, Netv,i\ townflilp in l?erT:«
fliire CO. Maflachufetts, on the Conncc*^!-.
cut line, cont;iining 1848 inhabitants.'
It was incorporated in 1759, and is 135'
miles W of Bofti n.
MjrlLroiitr/j, a poft town, ancient and'
weahhy.in Middlelcx co. MalVachulctis
(the OiomKiiiiwff/it of tlie Indians) v\\^a in-
corporated in 1060, and contains 1 735 in-
habitants. It is 28n,i!eiAV' olTofh.n. A
mode of manufaiSlurinjj iipanifli br^nvu,
from a kind of earth cr Icam, laid t:) re-
femble bed ore, thoiirh not impicfnatrtl
with particles of iron, has h.tely liecn cif-
covcrcd in this town by an in^enicni^ {;,cn-
rieman. He confiriicU'd an air furnace,
at a trivial expenfe ; and in the year
1794, could calcine and prepare for the
mill a ton in 24 houi s, 6 days in fncccilicn,
without great exppnfe ot wood. Connoil-
feurs in paints acknowledge it is (;cod.
His firft attempts in-making I'pruce ycUcw'
were liktwil'e flattering.
MarUiorauvh, a poft town in AVindham
CO. Vermont, having Ncwfanc on the N,
and Brattlehorough E. It contained in
1790, 629 iRhabitants.
Mitrthoroiighi apoft town in Chcfliire co.
N. Hampfliire, 6 miles from Kcenc, 20 N
of Winchendon,and 26 from Afnburn-
ham in Maflachuletts. It was incoipor-
at-.d in 1776, and cofltaiHs 1185 inhabit-
airte.
Marlborciigb, JSTciu, a townfi.ip in Tlflc'r
00. N. York, on the W 'fide of Hiidfons
river, N of Newbargli, oppoiiie Pongh-
keepfie. It contains 1848 inhabitants.
Marlloroiigl.i, the name of three town-
fliips in Pennfylv.Tnia, the one in Mont-
gomery CO. and E. and W. Marlborough
in Che4lcr co.
xMariioronj^fi, Letver, a town of Mary-
land, in Culvert co. on the E fide of
Paiuxent river, 24 miles SE ofWafijin"-
ton. It contaiaa about 60 Iniules, and a
warehoufc for the irrf'petflion of tohacto.
T'he river is navigalrfe forlhipsof burth-cii
for fome miles above thl; town.
Miirl!ioroiti>h, U/>/'t:r, the chief town of
Prince George's CO. Maryhtnd. It is ou
the S .W fide of Hatavilit, one of ihe tw<»
principal branches of Patuxent river. It
contains about lao houfes, a court
houi'e, and a warehoufi; for the inlpcc-
tion of tobacco. It is 47 miles S S W
of Baltimore, and about 15 E of Wafliing-
tou.
Marlotv, a town in Chcfliire, co. N.
Hampfliire, lias 543 inhabitants.
Mjitvftls, a harbour ia the ifland of St.
Loxniii^o,
V.,-?
MAR.
MAR
l>omingo, wliich may receive mertliant-
rieii, but the entrance of it is rendertd
diilicult by the breakers. It lies between
Cape Rouge and Grand Port Derhagne.
Miirrjuci, a cape on the coaft of Old,
Mexico, in the S. ISea.
Marquefiis. Theie idancU are 5 in
number, viz. La Ma^ilaleaa, St. Pedro,
La Dominica, Santa Chriftiua, and Hood's
llland, fituated in tiic S. Pacific Ocean,
between the latitude of 9 a6 and 10 %S •' !
aad between tlie longitude of 138 47 and
Ijy 13 VV. They were firft difcovercd
by Mcndaiia and Quiros,ia 1595 ; and ia
I774,C.ipt. Caok alccrtaintd thtir fitua-
tion more particularly, which l)efore was
dilHrrnt iii dlU'ciLnt charts. La Domini-
ca, the i.irgtft, is about 10 leagues in cir-
cuit, in lar. 9 44 S. Hood's IlUiud was
difcovcrcd hv Capt. Cook, in 1774. The
inhabitar.lj, taken colicclively, are, with-
out exception, ihc lir.ell race of people in
thcfc feas ; and for good iliapcs ami reg-
ular features they perhaps furpafs all
nations. They are thought ;o be cf the
fame origin as thofe of Otaheite and of
t'.ic Society Iflancls. They have hogs,
fowls, plantains and other vegetables and
roots ; likewife a few bread fruit and
cocoa trees. N N VV of thefeiflands, from
is to JO leagues diftant, are the 7 ifles
called Ingrahams Jfes : which fee.
ALirroivyiie, a fiver of Dutch Guiana,
ia S. America.
Marjb Crcci, runs foutlicrly through
^aldcii i'owniliip, U, Canada, and emp-
ties into lake £rie, having at times 4^ feet
water on its bar. Smyth.
Marfi's IJland, called Marfi's Great IJt-
and, the largeft of a group of 13 Iflauds
at the great Palls in Penobfcot River,
Avhich are on the K fide of this llland.
This group are all within about 7 miles,
and confift of Marfli's llland about 5
miles long and near 2\ wide,e(liniated to
contain about 5000 acres. Oifon Ifland
tooo acres, Old Town 200 acres, Orono's
liland 100 acres ; the other 9 are of a
lellcr fize. Round this Idand are 5 falls,
one of which is diflinguidied by the
i\ame of '■'the v,>ent Foils" or " Old Town
Pall.i." See CM roivn.
M.nfial'fvilU; in MuMcnburg co. Vir-
•;inia. Here is a poll oillce, JjS miles
Irom W.illiington.
Mjrjhfidd,-A port town in Plymouth co.
Mallachufttts, bounded S by Duxbor-
ough, and 36 milts S t of Bofton. It was
incoiporated in 1 640, and cuutaing 1266
iiihabitants.
.idnYjkfielii a townfliip is Caledonia c9.
Vermont ; adjoining to Calais on the N
W and peachum N £. It has 170 iufaab<
itants,
Marjbpct, by fevcral writers called
Mujbpee, an ancifnt Indian town in Barn-
rtable CO. MafTachufetts, containing 155
inhabitants. There is (lilt an Indian
church here, but not more than 40 or 50
perfons are pure Indians. They have
greatly decreal'ed fince 1693, when there
were S14 adults, befidc ftragglcrs in the
plantation and plarcs adjacent; undtr
the care of Mr. Rowland Cotton, minif-
tcr of Sandwich. The remains of the In-
dians here, arc under the pafloral care of
the Rev. Mi. H.uvlcy.
Marjhy Hoi'c, the N W branch of Nan-
ticoke river in Maryland.
Mjrtha BraCf a iniall town,liaving a
harbour, 7 leagues W of Montego Point.
It is frequented only by fuch veirds as
are particularly deflined for this place.
There is a bar with i6<)r 17 feet water in
going in ; and the paflage in coming out
between tiic Triangle Rocks is not more
than 60 feet wide with 6^ or 7 fathoms
water. See Fulmouth.
Martha fiher, St. See Magdalena.
Martha, St. a province of Terra Firma,
in S. America ; bounded N by the N.
Sea ; £ by Rio de la Hacha ; S by New
Granada, and W by the territory of Car-
thagcna. The air is colder here and more
pure than in the adjoining countries.
The vallies are fertile, and produce maize,
with other grains and fruits, efpecially,
oranges, lemons, pine apples, grapes, &c.
alfo indigo, and cochineal, and lome woods
for dying. The mountainii which aie
luiown tofailors by the name of the Snowy
mountains of St. Martha, produce gold
emeralds, fapphires, chalcedonies, jafper,
and curious marble. On the coads, where
fmuggling is carried on, are fait works,
and two pearl iiilierics. It is about 300
mites in lengtli, and aoo in breadth, is a
mountainous countiy, and in genaral
reckoned the liighed iu this part of the
world.
Martha, St. a city in the province lad
mentioned, with a harbour on the N. Sea,
at the mouth of tiie Guayra : about 1 24
miles N K of Carthagcna. It is the rifi-
dence of a governor and bifliop. The
tioufes arc built witti canes, and ate very
neat. Its harbour is large, convenient, and
fafe, and the environs agrceableand fertile.
At prelent contains about 3000 inhabit-
ants, who carry on an cxtenfivc rich trade,
aud
MAR
MAR
Sni! maVe great quantiticsof cottons, ftufis,
&c. with e.uthni ware, which is much
eftcemcd It has a valuable pearl fifliery,
in which great numbers of ilavcs are cm-
ployed, whofe dexterity in iliving for the
oyrtors is very extraordinary ; I'ome of
wiiiira will remain ior a quarter of aa hour
under water, and will rife with a baikct
full. N lat. 1 1 zCi, M' Icn. 7;, jry.
M.iitbas Fhi,y,:rJ, an illand belonging
to Duke's CO. Rlafluchufetts, called by the
Indians No/ie, or Cupatvocti, is fituated be-
tween 40 17, and 41 29 N lat. and be-
tween 70 aa and 70 50 W Ion. about ai
milci long and 6 broad, and lies a little
to the W of Nantucket. Martha's Vine-
yard, Chabaquiddiek, Noman's Illand, and
the Elizabeth Iflands, which contain a-
boiit 16.500 acres of valuable land, con-
ftitute Duke's county, containing 3,118
white inhabitants, and between 400 and
500 Indians and mulattocs ; who fubfift
by agricult'ire and fifljing. Cattle and
flicep are raifed here in great numljcrs ;
and rye, corn and oats are the chief prod-
uce of the idand. White pipe clay
and yellow and red ochre are found in
Martha's Vineyard. The ravages of
war were fevesely felt in this induftrious
fpot. In Septcmbsr, 1778, the Britifli
made a requifitiou of their militia arms,
300 oxen, and 2000 flieep, which were
delivered up. See Gay Head.
M.:rtici, a townfliip in Lancafter co.
Pennfylvania, having 1 248 inhabitants.
Martin, a. county of Halifax diftrict, N.
Carolina, adjoining Tyrrel, Halifax, Ber-
tie, and Pitt counties. It contains 531a
inhabitants, of whom ? 646 are Haves.
Martin, Cape St. on the coaft pt N
Spain on the N. Sea.
Martin's, St. one of the northernmoft of
the Caribhee iflands ; fituated in the At-
lantic ocean, between Ariguilla N, fiom
whence it is diAant a league and a half
and St. Bartholomew S E, 15 miles. It
is about 15 leagues in circumference, with
commodious bays and roads on the N W
ftde. Here are good fait pits, and lakes
of fait water, which run a great way with-
in the land ; but has no frefli water but
what falls from the clouds, and is faved
by the inhabitants in cifterns. The fait
lakes abound in good fiHi, particularly
turtle 5 and the fait water pools are fre-
quented by vaft numbers of birds. In
the woods are wild hogs, turtle doves, and
parrots innumerable. Here are feveral
trees producing gums ; and plenty of the
Citndle tree, fplintert of which, when dry
and lighted, emit a very frmgiiant rntelf;
Its tobacco, the chief commodity culti-
vated, is reckoned the bed in th<if Carib-
bte iflands. The Spaniards abandoned
this illand in 1650, and blew up a fort
which they had eredcd. The French
and Dutch afterwards fliarcd the illand
between tliem. But in 1689, w^'"^ attack-
ed and plundered by Sir Timothy Thorn-
hill, and in July, 1744, were- driven out
by the Britifli forces, and did not return
till after the peace of 1763. They no\r
enjoy alinut 35,000 acres, out of the
.';,f,oco which the whole iflaud contains,
'i'he two colonies breed poultry and
(beep, which they fell to the e-thcr illand-.
They alfo cultivate a little cotton and
colFi.^. Aboiii 30 yc.irs ago the French
part contained 400 white families, and
10,000 ilavcs. The Dutch part no more
than 60 families, ^nd about aco flaves.
N iat. 18 6,Wlon. 6230.
Mai-tinkn, one of the largeft of the
Caribbt-e illands, fituated between lat. 14
and 15 N, and in Ion. 6i W, lying about
40 Itagucfi N W of Barbadocs, and 22 S
by E of Guadaloupe, is .-ibout 60 miles iti
length, and- 30 in breadth ; containing
about »6o fquare miles. 'I'he inland part
of it ii hilly, from which are poured out
on every fide, a number of agreeable and
ufcful rivers, which adorn and cnricb
this ifland in a high degree. Tiie pro-
ducir a* the foil is fugar, cotton, indigo,
ginger and fuch fruits and produiflions as
are found in tbe neighbouring iibnd^
But fugar is here, as in all the VV. Indi*
iflaiids, the principal commodity,of whFt4i
they export a confiderable quantity^an-
nually. Martinico is the refidcnce of the
governbr of the French iflands in thefe
fea«. tts bays and harbours are nnmcr--
ous, fafe and commodious, and well for-
tified. It is divided into 28 parillies,
whieh contain about the fame number of
towns and villages, and 2 principal towns,
I'ort Royal and St. Pierre. In 1770 it con-
tained 12,450 white pcopte ; 1814 free
blacks or mulattocs ; 70,553 flaves, and
443 fugitive negroes. AbOwt the fame
time its produdbs were computed at 2 J
million lbs. of fugar, 3 million 11m. of col-
fee, 600,000 lbs, of cotton, and 40,000 lbs.
of cocoa. Foreigners carry off priVately
about a 12th part of the produce of the
ifland, and the reft goes to France. Thi*
ifland, called Madjnina by the ancient
natives, was fettled by the French ii»
1635. The Britifli redliced it in 1762,
but reftorcd it at the conclufion of peace,
in
•V-
MAR
M A It
in' 1 763. It was again taken by the Bfit-
ifli in 1794.
Martiniea, Littlt. S«e Beiia.
Mitrtip-Jburoughfi townol N. Carolina, oi>
the S fiilc of Tar river, ao miles above
Wafliington.
Martinjburgt a port town of A'irginia,
and capital of Berkley co. about 8 ntilss
S.of tbc Patowinac, ill the midfl of a fer-
tile and well cultivated countEy, and 2j
miles from the mineral fprlngs at Bath.
Jt contains upwards of 70 houfes, a court
houfe, gat>l,,and EpiCcopaLchnrch ; and
-contiguous to ihe town is one for Prel-
byterians. It is 10 miles from Shcpherdf-
tuwn, 30 from .Pittfylvania court houfe,
aj from Rocky Mount or Franklin
court houfe, 22 N £ of .Wincheflcr, 8S
24. N W of Alcxandtia.
MartinviUt, a pod town, and the capi-
tal of Guilford co. in N. Carolina, is agree-
ably lituuted on the E fide of Buflaloe
creek, a branch of Haw river, and con-
tains about 40 houfes, a court houfe and
gaoL It lies N £ of Bell's Mill, at the
head of Deep river ; 48 miles N W of
Hilliborough ; 27 E of. Salem; 50 N E
of Salilbury ; iji W by Sof Halifax. N
lat. 36 j.W Ion. 79 43. It was near this
town that General Greene and Lord
Cornwallis engaged in one of the bell
fought adlions in the late war, on the
15th of March, 1 781 : and altiwugh the
Americans were driven ofT the field, the
Bntifh fuffcred fo great a lofs, that they
could not purfue the vidlory. T he great-
e(l part of the coimtiy in which the ac-
tion happened, was a wildcrnefs, with a
few cleared fields interfperfed. The A-
merican army, when the atflion commenc-
ed, was polled on a riling ground about a
mile and a half from Guilford court houfe.
Marylaadf one of the United States of
America, lies between lat. 37 s6y and 39
44 N, and between 75 8, and 79 38 W
Ion. It it about 134 miles in length, and
xio in bre3dth,and contains 14,000 fquare
miles, one fourth of which is water. It
is bounded N by Pennfylvania ; E by
Delaware ftate, and the Atlantic ocean ;
S and W by Virginia : and is divided in-
to 19 counties, 11 of which arc on the
tVeJiern, and 8 on the Eajlim fhore of
Cheiapeak bay. Tliofe on the IViJIem
fiore are Harford, Baltimore, Ann Aruu-
,del, Frederick, Alleghany, Walhington,
Montgomery, Prince George, Calvert,
Charles, and St. Mary's. Thofe on the
Majlern fieri are Cecil, Kent, Queen Ann,
Caruliacj Talbot, Somerfet, Dorchefter,
and Worcefler. The whole numlier nf
inhabitants in tlicAatcis 349,692; of
whom 107,707 are fl.ivc9. Each of the coun-
ties fcndH 4 reprcl'cntatives to the houlc
of delegates ; befide which the city of
Annapolis, the metropolis, and the town
of Baltimore, fend 2 each. The chief
towns of the ftatc, btlide thcfe two, are
Georgetown, bordering on the ciiy of.
Wafhington on the river Parovmac.Frid-
ericktown, Hagarftown and Elkton. !llic
city of Wafliington was ceded liy the
ftaie of Virginia and Maryland, to the
Ujiited Statt>, and by thc^n eflablillicd'
as the feat of thtir.^ovcrnmcnt, after the
year i8co. Chcfapeak bay, which di-
vides this (late into eadern and wedern
divifions, is the largefl in the United
States. From the eaftern fliore in Mary-
land, among other fmaller ones,it receives
Pokomoke, Nunticoke, Choptank, Chef-
ter,JEIkc, Wye, Sallafras, and Bohemia
rivers. From the N, the rapid Sufquo-
hanna ; and from the W, Patapfco, Sev-
ern, Patuxent,Patoniak, half of which is
in Maryland, and half in 'Virginia, Gun-
powder 9ud Wighcohioco. Except the
Sufquthanna and Patomak, thelc arc
fnall rivers. The face of the country is
uniformly level t^nd low in mcft of the
counties on the eaflern fliore, and confe-
quently covered, in many places, with
iiagnant water, except where it is intcr-
fc45lcd by numerous creeks. Here alio
are large traiSls of .macHi, which, during
the day, load the atmofpherc with vapour,
that falls in dew, in the clofe of the, fum-
nKr and fall feafons, which are fickly.
Intenr.ittcnts are common, fo that the in-
habitants have a llckly appearance. The
fpring and fummer are moA hcalihy.
The W part of the ftate is crolTed by that
range of mountains which paflcs through
Pennfylvania and Virginia. The N part
of the (late is varied with hills and vales.
The £ fliore, excepting the N part of Ce-
cil county, is one cxtcniivc level. Wlieat
and tobacco are the Aaplc commodities.
In the interior country, on the uplands,
confiderable quantities of hemp and flax
are railed. A few raife cotton of an in-
ferior quality. Their gardens produce
excellent roots and vegetables. The fruit
of their orchards is equal to any on the
Continent. Pears, peaches plums, and
feveral fpecies of cherries, are plenty.
From their apples and peaches they mak«
brandv. Forcfl trees, the mod common
are oak, walnut, hickory, afli, chefnut,
faflafras, magnolia, and icvcral kinds of
pine.
,»
MA' K
p'ffiJ. Th? ftite abotiiidi with mine* «f
iron ore ; funnces and forges are creiJl:-
cU ill 6 counties. A planter in the lower
counties, fometimes h.ts lo or if houfes
on his plantation, hwt not one barn to
flicltcr his cows and farming ho rfes from
the florms and frofts-of winter. Shiver-
in<T and hungry, they have nothing but
a fence to defend them from the winter's
blad. A plantation generally contains
from too to looo acres. Whiflcy from
rye is made in large quantities. The
inhabitancs.exccpt in the populous towns,
live on their plantations, often feveral
miles didant from each other. To an'
inhabitant of the middle, and cfpecially of
the eaftern States, which are thickly peo-
pled, they appear to live retired and un-
focial lives. The negroes perform all the
manual labour. The inhabitants of the
populous towns, and thofc from the coun-
try who h:»vc imercourfe with tliem, are
in their manners and cuftomt genteel and
agreeable. The trade of Maryland ' is
principally carried on from Baltimore,
with the other dates, with the W. Indies,
and with fome parts of Europe. To thefe
places they fend anHually about .^o.ooo
hoglheads of tobacco, belide large quan^
titles of wheat, flour, pig iron, lumber
aiud corn ; beans, pork, and flaxfeed in
fmaller quantities; and receive in return,
clothing for themfelves and' negroes, and
other dry goods, wines, fpirits, fugar8,and
other W. India commodities. The bal-
ance is generally in their favour. The to-
tal amount of exports from Dnllam. Cts.
Baltimore in 1790, was 2.oa7,777 64
1799 - - 16,299,609 CO
1801 - - 8,006,290 CO
Value of imports in 1790,' 1,945,899 SS
179s - - 5.8li,379 55
In the year 1791, the quantity of wheat
exported was 205,571 bufliels; Indian
corn 205,643 do. belsde 151,445 barrels
of wheat flour, 4325 do. Indian meal, 6761
do. bread, an-i 3104 kegs of crackers.
The Roman Catholics, tvho were the firfb
fottlers in M:irybnd, are the mod nu-
merous religious Ic€t. Belide thefe, there
are Proteilant, Epifcopalians, Englifli,
Scotch, and Irifli Prefbyterians, German
Galvinids, German Lutherans, Friends,
Baptifts, Methodifls, Mennonifts, Nico-
iites or new Qtrakers ; who all enjoy lib-
erty of confcience. The feminaries of
liiarning are as follows : Wajbingtoa A-
eademy, in Somcrfet county, which wasin-
ftituted by law in 1779. JVaJhingtan Callege,
U&itated at Chedertown, in Kent cotinty,
MA It
in 17S2. By a I.iw enadled ia 178*7* a'
permanent fund was granted to this in-<-
ftituticm of i2jol. a year, currency. iSV.
Jabus CoUejre was inftituted in 1784, tk^
which a permanent fund Is alligned, of
1750I. a year. This college is to be at
Annapolis, where a building is now pre<*
pared for it. Very liberal fubfcriptiont
were obtained towards founding and car*
rying on thefe feminaries. The two col-
leges conditute one univ^rfltyj by the
name of " The Univcrfity of Maryland,"
whereof the governor of the flat", for the
time being, is diancelldr, and the princi-*
pal of one of them, vice chancellor. The
Roman Cutholics have alfo eredted a col-
lege at Georgetown, on Patowmac riverj
for the promotion of general literature.
In 1785, tht Methodifts inftituted a col-
lege ut Abingion, in Harford county, by
the name'of Cokefbury CoHege. Ever/
neighbourhood has itsfchool, where chil-
dren are taught reading, writing, and
arithmetic. The legidature of this (late
is cnmpofed of two diftintll branches, s
Senate and Houfc of Delegates, and ftyl-
edj The General Aflcmbly of Maryland .
On the fecond Monday in November, an-
nually, a governor is appointed by the
joint ballot of both houfes. The govern-
or cannot contimie in oflice longer than
3 years fucccflively. Maryland was grant-
ed by king Charles I, to George Calvert;
baron of Baltimore, in Irelandj June 20^
1634. The government of the province
was by charter, vefted in the proprietary;
In the year 1689, the government was
taken cut of the hands of lord Baltimore,
by the grand convention of England ; and
in 1692, Mr. Copely was appointed goy->
crnoi' by commiiTion from William and
Mary. In 1692, the Protcftant religionr
was efl;ablifl\ed by law. In 171 6, the gov-
ernment of this province was reftored to
the proprietary, and continued in hi«
: hands, till the late revolution, when,
t'iou^h a minor, his property in the lands
was coniifcated, and the government al^
fumed by the freemen of the province^
whok in 1776, formed the conlVitution
now exifting. At the clofe of the war;
Henry Harford, Efq. the natural fon and
heir of lord Baltimore, petitioned the le-
giflature of Maryland, for his cflate ; but
his petition was not granted. Mr. Har-
ford eftimatcd his lofs of quit rents, val-
ued at 20 years purchafe, and including
arrears, at £,iS<)Aa • S- o, dollars at "jfb ;
and the value of hi* manors and referved
land», at ^£327,441, of the fame moncyt
MAR
M A S
\
Maryi,iHit Po'ii>l,'n formed by abend ill
^atowniic river, W of l^ort ToImcco,
Miryjhur^h Toiviijhi/ , in Pfincc Edward
CO. U. Ciiuda, i» fituatcd at titc eaftcrn
cud of the pcninfula whivli forms ihc bay
of Quintc, aud iict open to like Uiitariu
uu the S, timytL
Mjry, St. a port on the S fide of the
Bay of Fundy.
MuryyCipt St,\% the moft S promouto'
ry of Urazit, in S. America.
iWj/-jS C.i/ie Si. the i>oint of land which
forms tlie N flde of the mouth of La I'la*
ta river in l*ariguay or La Plata, in S. A-
xncrica. 8 lat. 35 14.W Ion. 55 ja.
Mjry, Cape St. forms the S E iiead land
Bt t!)c mouth of Placeatia Bay, Newfound-
land I.
Mdrys Rlv:r, St. a branch of the Mi*
ami, which empties into L. £rie. Sec
Ciriy's Titiun.
Marys Jiiver, St. forms 3 part of the
fourhcrn boundary line of the U. Siatt*.
It in p-irt divides Gcor;iia from E. lioii-
d.i.and is very crook.d.with awidcoptn
marfli ou each fi.ic, from its mouth up-
wards 30 miles, where the marfli is tc;--
minattd by thick woods. It is nearly
firaiglit for 30 miles farther, up to Al/.n's,
an Indian trader at the head of nuviga*
tion ; where it is like a dead creek, 4
fathoms deep, and 10 rods wide. It rifes
i» the great Okafonoka or Ekanfanoga
fwamp, which extends S into E. Florida.
it is thought to be what is called May
river, difcovered by. John Ribalt,in ij6a.
Between this, and Naffau river, lies the
low even coaft of Amelia Idand. The
harbours of both rivers are Ipacious, but
St. Mary's is the fafeft. It has 9 feet of
■water at low Ipring tides. It runs a couife
«f 150 miles, and enters the ocean between
the points of Amelia and Talbert's illands,
ill lat. 30 44, and is navigable for vcfleU
vf confiderable burden for 90 miles. Its
banks afford immenfc quantities of fine
timber, fuitcd to the W. I. market. Along
this river, every 4 or j miles, are bluflii
convenient for vefTeU to haul to and load.
Marfs, St. a port town and port of en-
try of Georgia, fituated on St. Mary's
river, a few miles from its mouth. It is a
(mall place, and has little ti'ade. It is
1 39 miles S of Savannah. M lat. 30 45,
\V Ion. 79 I J.
. Marysy St. a county of Maryland, on
tiK penii)!'ala between Patowmac and Pa-
tuxent river$,,39 miles in length, and 15
in breadth.: It contains i.'),699 iuhabit-
Mts, of wlw»]Bi.6j99 are Haves.
M<rry f'iUe, the co. town of Blotint C9,
Mury/ville, a poll town, Knox eo. Tcn-
eiVce, .561 miles from ^^'afllington.
Mafcomy, a conridt.rHi)Ic pond in N.
Haniplltirc, in the S W part of Grafton
CO. lying partly in Lebanon and partly
in Enfield towulliips. This pond is from
30 to 40 fathoms deep. Tiie furround-
ing land bears evident marks, that the
furface of this pond was once 30 or 40
feet higher than its preftnt level. Ap-
pearances indicate a luddcn rupture, there
being no fign of any margin betv.ecn its
former and prcl'ent height. About a
mile diltant from its outlet, there is a de-
declivity of rocks 40 feet higher than
the ftrcam, as it now runs. By the fitu-
ation of thefe roeks, it appears that they
were once a fall, over which the water
flowed ; but it has now made for itfelf a
very deep channel, through folid earth,
nearly a mile in length.
Mufcaiitens, an Indian nation who in-
hiibit on L. Michigan, and Ix tween that
and the Miflllippi. 'Ihe number of war-
riors, 4C0.
M'lpcet. See Hancni-t's SIvrr.
Mufm.'A county of Kentucky, on the S
fide of Ohio river. It is watered by a
number of creeks, which fall into Sandy
river and the Ohio, and contains 11,405
inhabitants, 1603 of whom are flaves.
Mafun, a townfliip in Hillfborough co.
N. Hampfliire, on the Mafrachufettslirie
about 70 miles W of Portfmouth, and jO
N Wof Bolton. It has 1 179 inhabitants.
l.^iifque Pocona, a jurifdidlion of Char-
cas, in Peru, extending above 30 leagues.
Its air is hot, but not too great for vines.
The city of the fame name, where the
bifhop of Santa Cruz de ka Sierra rcfidet,
is very thinly inhabited; but theie arc
in other parts of the jurifdiiStion, fevcral
populous towns. It produces all kinds
of grain and fruits ; honey and wax con-
Aitute a principal part of its trade.
M^fijuea, or Cljilques and Miifquei a ju-
riididtion of Cafco, in Peru, which begins
about 7 or 8 leagues from Cafco, extend-
ing about 30 in length. Sec Chilqties.
Majfac Fort, was built by the French on
the W bank of the Ohio, near its mouth',
in N lat. 37 15, n miles below the month
of Teneffee river. It (lands on a high
ftony bank. The ftones appear to be
compofed of ferruginous matter and grav-
el. A confiderable quantity of land both
above and below the fort, is annually in-
undated. A number of troops are fta-
tioncd here. ; . Eithntt.
n the 3
tl h/ a
Sanely
11,405
ves.
ugh CO.
ittsliiic
, and 50
ibitants.
Char-
lie agues.
)r vines.
litre the
refidei,
leit arc
f, feveral
til kinds
rax. con-
le.
\uet a ju-
|h begins
extend-
ilqties.
jrench on
. mouth;
ic mouth
a high
ir to be
^nd grav-
fand both
lually in-
are fta-
•.tlkett.
M A is
Mjfiibufttlt Prepn, (which with the
biflridl of Maine conftitutet) one of the
IJiiited States of America, is fituated be-
tween lat. 4t 13 and 43 5 1 N and be-
tween long. 69 57 and 73 38 W. Its
xreateft length is 190 miles, its greated
nrcadth $0 miles ; and is. bodnded N by
Vermoht and N. Hampth'ire, £ by the
Atlantic Ocean, S by the Atlantic,
Rhode-Ifland aAd Connedkicut, W b^ N.
York. MaflVchufetts Proper is divided
Sato 13 cdunties-, as in the following table :
3. ff
^\ &t-«»5:i5 & t 8 J5
a '
-5
?l
IM A U IN 1 Ot
«e "•WOlWlUl ti
t
S'5
t
^
5-S
In
1
v» WW
?!
•■4
« OHO"tOi^» 00
V3 la
w ^
3-2
a\ ^ »- 1. 00b 4k
f-^ooSSIJ "{J
8
00
00 a"
S Is &^ 3 111
r 8
iE-§lii§1lii5.lsi2
III is
"5
»
^
a
>» Ji* «*• % oevi ii - V^ « i» 5s <o
^ M MVI M^ gVl^ (^ g^ . 9)V>WV|
eg.
The popHlation is about 60 for every
I i^uare mile. This is the only (tate in the
I Union in which there are no flaves. The
Iweftem part of this State is fomewhat
InouQtainous and hiily. See Nt-ui-Mn-,
y«t. I. ' R R
Mas
\
j gland, Wachufett mountainXin Wnce-
town, Worcedcr county, is 2989 f^et .1-
i)ovc the level of the r?a, and may be
feen 60 miles. In MafTachuTetcs are to
be found all the varieties of foil, from very
good to veiry bad, capable of yielding all
the diflfererit produftions common to the
climate^ fuch as Indian corn, rye, wheat,
barley, oat<, hemp, flak, hops, potatoes,
ficld'beans and peas, applcsj pears, peach-
es, plttnn, cherries, &c. That part df
thie State which is didinguiflied by the
natne of the Old or Plymouth Colony, inclu-
ding the counties of Barnftible, Duke'i,
Nantucket, Briftol and Plymouth, in point
of foil, is the pooreft part of the StatCj
beiiig generally fandv and light, inter-
fpcr^, however, with many excellenk
tradtt of land. The northern, middle,
and weftcrn parts of the State have, gen-
erally fpeaking, a (Irong, good foil, adapt-
ed to grazing and grain ; very itmilar id
the foil of N. Harripfliire and Vermont
on one fide, and to that of Rhode-Ifland
and Conncifticut on the other. It has
been obl'crVed thit^he cfTedts of the call
winds extend farther inland than fortner-
ly, atki injure the tender fruits, plrtiru-^
larly the peach, and even the more hardv*
apple. The (laple commodities of thia
State are fifli, beef, lumber; &c.
The country is well watered by a num-
ber of fmall rivers, fomc of which fall in-
to Connedticut river, which paffes fouth-
eriy through the W part of the State;
others run northward to Merriniark riv-
er, which enters from N. Hampfliirc and
waters tbi N E corner of the State;
others pafs into Connedticut and Rhode-
Ifland ; Myftick and Charles rivers fall
into Bolton ba^ ; others fall into the At-
lantic Ocean iA different parts of the fea-
coaft. The ^licf capes are Ann, Cod,
Malabar, Poge, Gay Head, &c. The
molt noted bays are MaiTachuietts, Tp-
fwich, Bofton, Plymouth, Barnflable, and
Buzzard's. There are many other bays
of lets note. The chief iflnnds are Nan-
tucket, Martha's Vineyard, Elizabeth-
Iflands, and numerous fmall iflcs inBoftoa
Bay.
The chief iiao manufadtures in thii
State are dcfcribe^n the account of Ply-
mouth and Brtftt^> counties, and their
towns Taunton, Brid|ewater, Middlebor-
ough, Jcc. where natls have been made:
in Tuch quantities as to prevent, in a great
meafure, the importation of them from
Greqt-Britaia. Nail-making was not an
obje4l of coDlider<iblc atuation, until the
Qeseral
MAS
MAS
General Court laid a duty on imported
naiU of every flze. Thii foon "gave
nervci to the arm, and motion to the
hammer ; and from 400 to 500 nail* indif-
ferently made by one h^nd in one day,
loco are now well made in the fame
time." The machine invented by Caleb
Leach, of Plymouth, vill cut and head
5,000 nails in a day, under the diredlion
of a youth of cither fex. There it a ma<
chine for cutting nails at Amcibury, in>
Vented by Mr. Jacob Perkins, which will
turn out t-wo hundttd thoufand nails in a
day. The nails arc faid to have a decid-
ed fuperiority over thofe of En^lifli man-
ufatflure, and are fold io per ceit\ cheap-
er. ManufatSloriea of cotton and woollen
have been attempted with varioua fuc-
cefs at Beverly, Worceder, Bofton and
Kewbury. There are in this State up-
wards of twenty paper-mills, which make
more than 70,000 reams of writing, print-
ing and wrapping paper annually. It
was edimated in 1792, that j£ 30,000
^worth of paper was yearly made by thefe
mills. The quantity has much increafed
fioce. The other manufaiflotict for cot-
ton and wool cards, playing cards,
flioes, lace, wire, &c. arc noticed under
the defcription of Bo(ton, Caml>ridge,
Lynn, Ipfwich, Dedliam, &c. There arc
fevetil fmiflT, oil, chocolate and powder
mills in -iiiFcrent parts of the State, and
• number of iron-woilu and llitting-mills,
befides other mills, in common ufe for
fawing lumber, grinding grain, and ful-
ling cloth. There were in 179*, 6» dif-
tilleries in this State, employed in diftil-
ling from foreign material*. One mil-
lion, nine hundred thoufand gallons have
been diftilled in one year, which, at a du-
ty of 1 1 cents a gallon, yields a revenue
to the government nf 309,000 dollars.
There are indeed few attirles which are
elTentially ncceflary, and miniAer to the
comfort and convenience of life, that are
BOtmanufadlured in ihisState. This Com-
monwealth is remarkable for its literary,
bumane and other focieties, which arc
noticed in their proper places.
The militia of MafTachufctts is com-
pofed of all the able bodied white male
citizens from 18 to 45 years of age, ex-
cepting from the enrotlment, within thefe
ages, clergA', fchooWmafters, civil ofHccrs
of Iniporta'ncei either under the State or
federal government, and alfo thofe who
have held any military commifllon what-
ever. The whole is formed into 10 di-
vifions, which, together, compofe a body
of i.4*J infantry, *,ji» ciTaTry, and
1433 artillerv; the latter are furnifl^ed
with 60 field-pieces, and with tumbrils
and apparatus complete. This State, in«
eluding the Di(ltic<l of Maine, owns
more than three limes as many tons of
fliipping as any other of the States, and
more than one third part of the whole
that belongs to the United States. Up-
wards of 19,000 tons are employed in
carrying on the fillierics; 46,000 in the
coafling bulincfs, and 96,564 in trading
with almufl all parts of the world. Pot
and pearl aihcs, (laves, iax-feed, bct-s
wax, &c. aie carried chiefly to Great-
Britain, in remittance for their manufac-
tures; inaft$, provirions, &e. to the £aft-
Indies; fifli, uil, beef, pork, lumber, can-
dles, &c. are carried to the Wed-Indics
fur their produce, and the two fird arti-
cles, fiHi and oil, to France, Spain, and
Portugal; roots, vegetables, fruits, and
fmall meats, to Nova-Scotia and N. Brunf-
wick ; hats, faddlery, cabinet-work, men's
and women's flioes, nails, tow-cloth, bar-
ley, hops, butter, cheefr, &e. to the fouth-
ern States. The value of exports in the
year ending Sept. 30, 17 91, was 1445,97.;
dollars Si cents— in I7'9i, 1,889,911
dollars— in 1793, 3,676411 dollars, and
in 1794—5,380,703 dollars— in 1801,
13,491,631 dollars. For an account of
the climate, &c. fee NewEiiglaiiJ. The
chief towns of this State, beudes Bofton,
the metropolis, are Salem, Newbury-Port,
Charledown, Worcefler, Northampton,
Springfield, &c.
Ma£acbufetti Sound, on the M W coad
of America, is fituated on the fouthern
fide of the Quadras Ifles.
Majfacrt River paflcs out of the Straiti
of Magellan S W into the fuppofed chan-
nel of St. Barbara, which cuts through the
ifland of Terra del Fuego, through which,
it is f»id, Capt. Mareanille of Marfeillci
pafled in 1713 into the S. Pacific Ocean.
Mfljfiere River, on the N fide of the
iHand of St. Domingo, falls into the bay
of ManetnilUf which fee.
Majfacrt, a fmall ifland on thecoafl of
W. Florida, 2 miles to the eaftward of
Horn Ifland ; 10 miles from the main
land ; all the way acrofs there is from 2
to 3 fathoms ; except the (hoal called
l.a Grand Bature, which (Iretches a
league from the main land, with l or
3 feet water en it, and in fome places not |
fo much. Behind it is a large bay called 1
L'Aucc de la Grand Bature, 8 miles E of
Pafcagoula
\
MAT
pAfcagoula Bluff. See Daufbiit Ifiani.
Hutchint.
Mijfa/utro, an iHand in the S. Pacific
Ocean, called by the Spaniartls the I.ef>
ftr Juan Fernandei, 24 league* W bv S
of the Oreater Juan Kcrnandcs. It nas
»lwav3 been reprcfcntcd by the Spaniards
M a Darren rock, without wuod, w^tcr or
Erovifiona. But Lord Anfon found this to
e a political falfity, aflcrtcd to prevent
hoflile vcflTeli from touching there, i'htre
is anchorage on the N Tide in deep water,
where a iinglc fliip may be fhcltercd clofe
under the (liore, but is expofed to all
winds except the fouth. According to
Capt. Magee, of the (hip JcfTerlon, it is
38 leagues to the wefkward of Juan Fer-
nandes, and in about 33 30 S lat. and 8a
W long, from Greenwich.
Maffanuteni Rivir, a wedcm branch of
the Shenandoah.
Majftdan Bay, on the N. Pacific Ocean,
and W coail of Mexico, is iituatcd be-
tween Acapuico and Aquacara,a port near
the cape of California, where Sir Thomas
Cavendiflt lay after he had palTed the
Straits of Magellan-
Ma/ey'fToviii, is .>n the northern bank
of Ohio river, between Little Miami and
Sciota riven.
Majliigalet, Sullivan co. Tenneflee.
Here is a poA office, 437 miles from Wafli.
ingtor.
Mafy't Crtfi Roadi, in Kent co. Mary-
land, is N £ of New Market, S £ of
George-Town, and S by W of SafTafras-
I'own, about 5 miles from each.
Map Buy, on the N fide of the Ifl-
and of Jamaica, in the N W part. It is
caftward of Montego Bay, and near the
ihelf of rocks that lies from the ihore,
called Catlin's Clifli.
Maftitk Gut, on the S W fide of the ill-
and of St. Chriftopher's in the W. Indies,
is between Moline's Gut on the N W
and Godwin's Gut on the S £.
MaJiigM, a river which runs wedward
into Lake Michigan about 11 miles north
of La Grande Riviere. It is 150 yards
wide at its mouth.
Mala, Point, on the northern fide of the
ifland of Cuba, and 9 leagues N W of
Cape Maify.
Mataea, or Mantaea, is a commodious
hay on the N coalt of the ifland of Cuba,
where the galleons ufually come to r ke
in frefli water on their returnvto Spain,
about I a leagues from the Havannah. It
appears to be the fame as Matanae, in
lat. aj la M, long 81 16 W. Peter lieya
MAT
took a great part of a rich fleet of Span-
ilh (■altcons here in i6a7.
Miiaia, a province t>f S. Ametica, to-
wards the river Amazon, httwcen the
mouth of Madeira and Tiipaifa rivers.
Matanea, or Mananctt, i fliort and
broad river of £. l-'lorid.-i w liich falls into
the ocean S of St. Auguflinc.
MataHcliI, a fea port on the W coaS
of N. Mexico, about uo leagues to the
N £ of the the rocks of Ponteque, over
which, in clciir weather, may he tlcn a
very high hill, with a break on the top,
called the hill of Xalifco, 8 r.r 9 leagues
from the port.
Maiane, Grtal and Liillf, rivers in Low-
er Canada, which fall from the S into
the St. Lawrence near its mouth. The
mouth of the Matane rivers of Canada,
is capable of admitting veflels of 200 tons
burthen. All this coafl, efpccially near
this river, for ao leagues, abounds in cod,
which might employ 500 fliallops or fifh-
ing fmacks at a time. The fim is very
fine, and fit for exportation to the Straits,
Spain and the Levant. Great numbers of
whales have been alfo feen floating upon
the water, which may be (truck with a
harpoon, and prove a very valuable fi(h>
ery.
Matantatf or Matanee, a large bay on
the N fide of the ifland of Cuba, 16
leagues S £ of the Havannah.
Matavia Bay, or Port Soyal Bay, is fit-
uated within Point Venus near the N
part of the iiland of Otaheite, but open
to the N W and in the S. Pacific Ocean.
The eafl fide of the bay has good anchor-
age in 14 and 16 fathoms. S lat. 17 29,
W long. 149 30, and the variation of the
compafs 3 34 eafl.
Matfchedajh, a bay in the eaftetn part
of L. Huron, into which the river Severn
empties, and forms a communication with
with L. Simcoe, which fee.
Mathanon Port, in the S E part of tke
ifland of Cuba, is one of thofe ports on
that coafl which afford good anchorage
for fltips, hut without any ufe for want
of them. It is between Cape Cruz and
Cape Maizi, at the ea(t end of the ifland.
MatLto Bivtr, in £ Florida, or St. Jetn'^t
which fee.
Matbrw't, Fort, (lands on the eaflern
fide of Oconee river, in the S weflera
part of Franklin co. Georgia.
Matheivs, a county of Virginia, bound-
ed W by Gloucefler, from which it was
taken fince 1790 ; lying on the W (hore
of the bay of Chefapeak. It is about 18
. wilCi
\
!
I
\\V\\
MAT
M A 17
eiilei !n len|th nnd 6 in breadth. It con*
tatni 3,00) free inhabitanu and 2,804
flavci.
Maticalot Xivtr, on the W eoaft of N.
Mexico, iit 7 leaj(ues from Catalta Strand,
or thr |>ort nrSanfonate. It it much cxpof-
ed to northerly \vind», and i> known by ,
foinefmnll buthigh hiili that are oppofitc >
to it. Tlicre (I another Urge river to the |
wcftward of it, about 4 league*, which
hai s fathonu upon the bar ; and frpm
thence to tlie bar uf £ftapa it i« 15 league*.
MafUi/afi village of Virginia.fitnatcd on
t^e S W bank of I'atowmac river, aliove
wafliington city, and near the Great
Fall*.
Ma^llJa ti)V)i>Jkipy in the county of
Tundas, in Upper Canada, ii the (ixth
townfliip in ^fctnding the river St. Law-
rence, a few miUt N W of Ofwegatchir.
M^ttHtcui Jfian4tt on the coaft of Maine.
When you pafs to the weft of ihcfe ifl-
«nd*, the main paiTage from the fca to
Penobfcot ^ay lies about N by W. Ma-
tinicua lie* N Ut. 43 56, W long. 68
M»lt^ ii 3ra*il, a town in the captain*
fliip of Pernambuco, in Brazil ; about 9
league! from Olinda. It i* very populous ;
and quantities of Brazil wood are fent
from this country to Europe.
Maitapan^^ » navigable river of Virgin*
la, which nfes in Spottfylvania county,
and running a S £ courfe, jnini Pamunky
riyer, below the town of De la War, and
together form York river. This river will
admit loaded floats to Downer's bridge,
70 miles above its mouth.
Matttf, on (he £ coaft of S. America, in
the S Atlantic Ocean, is i|i lat. 45 5 S,
and long. 64 %$ W.
Matthio JJlfind,St.OT Si. Maitbnoi JJIand,
\n the 9 Atlantic Ocean. S lat. i 34.
Mattirwj, a county of Virginia, 18
miles long and fi^t broad, bounded W by
Cfloueeftcr, N by Midulcrez, £ by the
Chefapeak, and S by Mobjack bay. At
the court houfe is a poft office, 193 miles
troLi Wa{hington.
Mtttatutk, Suffolk CO. N. York, in
Southold townfhip, on t,nng-Iil. Sound.
Ifere is a poft o^ce, 345 miles from Wafh-
ingtbn.
Mmtllesu'i Bay, Si. in the Gulf of Mex-
ico, 019 the W fhore of Campeachy Quif,
is more than 100 leagues to the N of
Tumbcz.
Mattbnvi, ^1. or Matlbn Bay, on the
coaft of Peru, on the N. Pacific Ocean, is
{6 leagues to the N £ by E from Point,
OaVra, and 5 or 6 leagues S S W from
the river St. Jago, between which there
is anchorage all the way, if fhips keep t\
leaft in 6 fotbomt water. It is aH higl\
land with hollow red crags, and feveral
piiints run out, forming good retreats for
fliipa driven in by hard fqualls and flawa
from the hilU, and by the feu running
high, which often happen.
MaugtrvitU, a townfliip in Sunbury
CO. province of N. Brunfwick, on St.
John's river, oppoGte St. Annci, 30 miles
above Belifle.
Muyra, See SoeiHy IJIamit,
Mauripai, an ifland on the M E eoaft
of L. Syperinr, in Upper Canada, and N
B of Ponchartrain ifland, about halfway
between Elbow Ifland, and the bay of
Michipicottn.
Muurrpat, a lake in W. Florida, which
communicates weftward with the Miiri*.
(Ippi river, through the Gut of Ibbcrville,
and eaflward with Lake Ponchartrain.
It is 10 miles long, 7 broad, and has fo or
\% feet water in it. The country around
it is low, and covered with (.yprefs, live-
oak, myttle, &c. Two creeks fall into
this lake, one from the N fide, called
Nattabanie, the other from the peninfula
of Orleans. From the Ibbcrville at its
jundtion with Maurepas to the river
Amit is 39 miles, apd from thmce, fol-
lowing the Ibbcrville, to the Mifllfippi at
the W fide of the peninfula of Orleans,
ax miles. From the Ibbcrville acrofs the
lake, it is 7 miles to the paflage leading
to Ponchartrain. The length of this paf-
fage is 7 miles, and only 300 yards in
width, which is divided into two branch-
es by an ifland that extends from Mau-
repas to about the diftance of a mile from
Ponchartrain. The fouth channel is the
dcepeft and (horteft. The paflage thence
through Lake Ponchartrain, to the Gulf
of Mexico, is abpve 50 miles. Huicbim.
Maurtpai IJUnd, on the coaft of Cape
Breton, the fame at the Jfie Madame;
which fee.
Mairiie Bay, on the W fide of Cape
Farewell Ifland,orS extremity of E Green-
land, and the principal harbour of that
fea.
Maurice, Fort, on the E coaft of Terr^
del Fucgo Ifland, is on the W fiiore of Le
Maire Straits, between that ifland and
Staten Land on the £ and N of the bay
of Good Succefs. It is a fmall cove, hav-
ing anchorage before it in i^ fathoms,
about half a mile from the uore, over
coral rpckf.
Mo"rifi^
MmutU
*hich ru
land CO. t
sable for
for fmail (
Maxam
Matanehi
ud on th
Af«r, C
land of th
point of tJ
and river,
The time
days, if a t,
May P,i
land Ifland
tween Fort
Mayagtia
in the U
Maranella,
point, and I
Mayfidd,
CO. N. Yoric
NW, taken
corporated i
May\ Lit
fait fpring
9 miles S S
itouth bank <
of the Blue \
Maynof, i
faftern Ijmii
in Peru, an
governments
^amoros. Ii
9f thofe rivi
▼■ft extent,
t^e famous i
fepar^ted fn
tJJguefe, bir 1
S" »n, or the
longing to
^capital is Sai
idenee of the
rcGdes ajt San
are feveral 01
Maynas, anc
JarJy la on 1
Ihe Maranon
are both larg
Mayt Rhit
Culf pf Calil
Kfcay, in th
forms a fpaci
.«7 40 N and
^'XfoilU,
t»cky,484m
-'•^•vw, the
9f Cuba, ape
7
I
MAY
Mmitut, or Mtrrh, a river of N. Jerrey, ||
which runt fuutherly, through Cumber-
land CO. into Delawafc Bay. It is navi-
gable for veiTcU of loo ton* so milet, and
for fmall craft confiderably further.
Maxantalla IJUitd, ii near the pert of
Matanchcl on the W coaft of M. Mexico,
•ad on the N Pacific Ocean.
itf«y, C»p*^ the moQ foutherly point of
land of the State of N. Jerfey, and the N
point of the entrance into Delaware Bay
and river, in iat. 39, and long. 74 56 W.
The time of high water on fpring-tide
day», i» a quarter before nine o'clock.
Mqy Ctimty, Cafe. See Caft.
May Fthi, on the S |de of Newfound,
land Ifland, a point of the peninfula be-
tween Fortune and PUcentia Bayt.
Mayaguana, one of the Bahama ifland*
in the W. Indict, and the fame with
Maranella, and in Iat. l» 5f N at the N
point, an.d long. 7» J7 W.
May&tld, a tovnHiip in Montgomery
CO. N, York, adjoining Broadabin on the
' N W, taken from Caughnawaga, and in>
cprporated in 1793. It hat 876 inhabitants
May I Lift, in Mafon co. Kentucky, a
fait fpring on a branch of Licking river,
9 milet S S W of Wafhington, on the i
^outh bank of the Ohio, and 15 northerly
of the Blue JLicka.
Mayna^f a government, formerly the
^altern limit of the jurifdiAion of il^ito
ip Peru, and joining on the £ to' the
governmentt of Quizot and Jaen de Bra-
eamoroi. In itt territory are the fourcet
nf thofe rivert, which, after traverfing a
vaft extent, form, by their confluence,
t^e famous river of the Amasons. It it
fcpar^ted from the pofliefBont of the Por-
tuguefe, by the famoui line of demarca-
tion, or the boundary of thofe countriet
belonging to Spain and Portugal. Its
^apital it San Francifco dc Borja, the rcf>
idence of the goviernur, but the Superior
reOdes at Santiago de la Laguna. There
are feveral milFipas in the government of
Maynas, and dioccft of (^ito, particu-
larly II on the river Napo, and 14 on
the Maranon or Amazon ; many pf them
are both large and populout.
Mayo River, on the call fhore of the
/Gulf pf California, and W cpad of New
Bifcay, in the province of that name,
fqrmt a fpacious bay at itt mouth, in Iat.
27 40 N and long. 114 W.
Mayfuilie, a pod town, Mafon co. Ken-
tucky, 484 miles from Wafliington.
Maysii, the eafiern cape of the ifland
<^ Cubai apd the wcAerp point of the
M E C
wInJward paflage. N Iat. to 19 30, V
long, from Parit 76 40 30. See M0ify.
ManaUan, a province of Mexico, welt
watered by the Alvarado, which dif-
charges itfelf by 3 navigable mouths, at
30 mile* di(tance from Vera Cruz.
Meai/0wi, a fmall river whici) falls into
Cafco Bay, Maine.
Meail/ville, on a fork of French Creek {
a branch nf the Alleghany, in Pennfylva-
nia, Crawford co. N Iat. 41 36, and
about 33 miles N W of Fort Franklin, at
the mouth of the creek. A pod ofHce is
cAabliflied in this town, 347 miles from
WaHiington. It h»% 1551 inhiibitants.
MecatiHa, Great, Point e/, on the S
coad of Lab -ador, and the N Hiore of
the Oulf of Si Lawrence, in N. AmericXt
N Iat. jO 4J,W ;cng. J9 13.
Mtcalina IJtanJ, Lillle, on the fame
coalt and fliore, lies S W of Great Mecat-
ina. N. Iat. 30 36.
M'tboafan, a province in the audience
of Mexico, bounded N by pirt of Pa-
nuco and the provinces of Zacatecat
Oaiidalajara, E by another part of Pa-
nuco and Mc:(ico Proper, S by the
latter and the S. Sea, which togeth-
er vfixh XalifcQ, bound it aifo on the
W and N W. It extends 7 leagues along
the coaft, and (lilt farther inland. The
climate is good, and the foil remarkably
fruitful. There are heie mines of lilver,
and 4 fev of gold and copper. Among
its numerous produdlions are cocoa, me-
choacan-root, feveral odoriferous gums
and balfams, farfaparilla, ambergris, va«
nilla, caflTia, &c. Mechoacan was former«
ly a kingdom, but the Spaniards have re-
duced it to a bifhoprick, in which are
about 200 towns of civilized natives.
The greateft part of the trade of this
province is carried on by land, there be-
ing hardly any fea- ports dcferving that
name.
Mecbeaeam, an Epifcopal city and cap-
ital of the province of its name, fituatcd
on a large river, well ftored with flfli,
near the W fide of a lake, about t2o
miles W of Mexico. It is a large place,
having a fine cathedral and handfome
houfcs belonging to rich Spaniards, ;wha
own the filvcr iniues at Guanaxoato or
Guaxafiata.
Mecileiiturg, a county of Virginia,
bounded S by the State pf N. Carolina,
It contains 8,33a free inhabitants, and
8,676 Haves.
MiciUnburg, in the above co. has a poft
oflice, 246 miles from Walliington.
Miiiienlufgt
r* {
MED
MetUtnhurg, a CO. of N Carolina, in
Sdlifbury di(lri(fl, bounded S by the State
of S Carolina. It contains 10,317 inhab-
itants, of wliom 1,931 are flavc». Chief
town, Charlotte.
Medfeld, a townfhip in Norfolk co.
MalVachufcttt, 20 miles routhwederly of
^>fton. It was incorporated in 1650, and
Domains 745 inhabitants.
Meiifotd, a pleafant, thriving, compaA
tbwn in Middlefcx co. MafTachufett;, 4
miles north of Bodon, fituated on Myf-
tick river, 3 miles fiom its mouth. The
river is navigable for fmall veiTels to this
place, where it meets the Middlefex ca-
nal. The townfliip tvas incorporated in
1630, and contains 1,114 inhabitants,
who are noted for their induftry. Here
IS a pod oiBce. Alfo four diftilleiies,
i»faich have diflilled in one year, 952450
gallons of rum. About four millions
of bricks, are alfo made annually in
this town, the greater part of which
are carted to Bofton.
Mrdoffu, a fettlement in N. Brunfwick,
fituated on the W fide of St, John's river,
35 miles above St. Annet.
Mtdore/la, a lake in the N part of
Maine, whofe northern point it within 8
miies of the Canada tine, in lat. 47 56 and
long. 68 22 W. It gives rife to Spcv river,
which runs S S E into St. John's river.
MtJuneooi, a plantation in Lincoln co.
Maine, 40 miles £ S Eof Wifcaflet, hav-
ing 380 inhabitants.
Aftdvay, a poft town in Norfolk co.
Maflachufetts, bounded E !.nd S by
Charles river, which feparatcs it from
Medfield, and of which it was a part un-
til 17^3. It has two parifhcs of Congre-
gationalifls, and contains 1050 inhabit-
ants. It is 25 miles S W of Bodcn, on
the middle poft-road from thence to
Hartford.
Midivay, or Midtvay, a fettlement in
Liberty co. Georgia, formed by emigrants
from Dorchefter, in Carolina, about
the year 1750, and whofe anceftors mi-
grated from Dorchefler and the vjcinity
of Bofton about the year 1700. A hand-
fomc Congregational meeting-houfc, be-
longingto this fettlement, wasburut by the
Britifh during the war, and the fettle-
ment was dcftroyed. It has lince recov-
ered its former importance. Medway is
30 miles fuuth of SavaDhah,and 9 weft
of Sunbury.
M'Kcfftiiiwtgt a town of Pennfylvania,
York county, on Tom's Creek, 40 miles
WSWofYork.
MEN
MilertiH, a principal branch of Chow-
an river, in N. Carolina, which rifes iti
Charlotte co. Virginia, and running
an E by S courfe, unites with the Not*
taway about 7 miles S of the Virginifc
line. See Cbav/au Jiivtr.
Milaqu* Part, on tVie W coaft of New-
Mexico, is to the N W of Port Nativi-
dad, or Nativity, and near 3 leagues at
S ^ from a row of 4 or 5 rocks, or naked
iflands above xvater, in the dire<£tion of
N W. I'his port is land-locked againft
all winds from the N W to the S W.
Mtla, or Mala, on the coaft of Peru ia
S. America, lies between Canetce and
Chiica. It is 3 leagues from Afia Ifland,
whofe latitude is about 13 6 S. /
Melaiv0jko, a French fettlement of
about 70 families, fecluded in a fingular
manner from the reft of mankind, in the
north^eafternpart of the Diftridt of Maine.
I'hefe people are Roman Catholics, and
are induftrious, humane, and hofpitablc.
Melttttunk Xiver, in Monmouth co.
N. Jerfey, falls eaftward into Beaver
Dam, which is at the head of the bay
which is N of Cranberry New Inlet.
MemortHctt, a ftream a little weft of
Byram river. Douglafs fays, the partition
line between N. York and Connedlicur,
as fettled Dec. i, 1664, ran from the
mouth of this river N N W, and was the
ancient limits of N. York, until Nov. 23,
1683, when the line was tun nearly the
fame as it is now fettled.
Memory Rocks, amongft the Bahama
Iflands, are in lat. 27 20 N and long. 79
40 W.
Mempbrimagog, a lake chiefly in the
province of Canada, 40 miles in length
from N to S and 2 or 3 wide from E to
W. The N line of Vermont State pafTes
over the S part of the lake in 45 N lat.
Memphremagog, which has communica-
tion, by the river St. FrancU, with St.
Lawrence river, is the refervoir of 3 con-
fiderable ftreams, viz. Black, Barton, and
Clyde rivers, which rife in Vermont.
The foil on its banks is rich, and the coun-
try round it it level. See fermont, &c.
Memtamcooi, River hat been recommen-
ded as the mofi proper boundary between
the province of N. Brunfwick and Nova-
Scotia. It lies a little to the eaftward of
Petitcodiak, and takes a northeaftetly di-
redtion.
Mmadtu Bay, or PaHmdou, it 2 leagues
from Port Bafene, or Port Nove, on Ihe
coaft of Cape Breton Ifland, at the S part
of the gulf of St. Lawrence, having the
ifland
M
*
MEN
i(tand of SciUrif heretofore called Little
Cape Breton, oppcfitc to -it.
MeMlbtmt a townfliip 19 Morris co.
N. Jerfey, 3 miles north wefterly of
Vealtown, and 6 W ofMoriiflown.
Mtttdoeine, Ct^^ fituated on the wcftem
coaft of Ainericai in lat. 40 19 N, long.
134.7 W, is formed by two promontories
•bout ten miles apart. Nearly a league
from the fltore, lie fereral funken rocks,
on which the fea continually beats with
great viplencCi This cape is remarkable
only for its being the htgheft land on the
fliore of this partof N.Albion. Kaite»uver.
MendoH, a pod-town in Worceftcr co>
Maflachuretts, 37 miles S W of Bodon.
This township, called S^an/Upaugt by
the Indians, was incorporated in 1667^
and contains » Congregational pariOies,
a fociety of Friends, and i,6»8 inhabit-
ants. It is bounded on the S by the
State of Rhode-Ifland; watered by the
Charles and Mill rivers, and other fmall
ftreams, which ferve 5 grift-millst a faw-
mills, a clothier's works, and a forge-
There are 3 hills here, viz. Caleb's, Wig-
wam, and Mi0cee, from cither of which
maybe feen, in a clear day, the four
New England States.
MenJoxa, a jurifditflion in Chili, in S.
America. It has a town of the fame
name, and lies on the call fide of the Cor-
dillera, about jd leagues from Santiago,
in a plain adorned with gardens, well
fupplicd with water by means of canals.^
The town contains about xoo families,
half Spaniards and the other half cafU,
together with a college founded by the
Jefuits, a parochial church, and 3 con-
vents. In the jurifdidtion are alfo the
towns of St. Juan de la Frontera, on the
E of the Cordillera, and about 30 leagues
N of Mcndoza ; and St. I<ouis de l^oyo-
la, about 50 E of Mendoza ; the latter
is very fmall, but has a pariih church, a
Dominican convent, and a college found-
ed by the Jefuits.
Mtndoxa, a river which rifes in the
Cordillera of the Andes in S. America.
Over this river is a natural bridge of
rocks, from the vaults of which hang fev-
eral pieces of Aone refembling fait, which
congeal like ificles, as the water drops
from the rock. This bridge is broad
enough for j or 4 carts to pafs abreaft.
Nesr this is another bridge, called the
bridge of the Incus, betwixt two rocks ;
and "fo very high from the river, that
the dream, which runs with great rapid-
ity, cannot be heard."
M E R
McHuhlici Lake, in the N W coaft dt
America, lies in lat. 61 N long. loj W.
North of this is Lake Dobount.
MenMagomilab, a Moravian fettlemcnl
E of the Great Swamp, at the head ol
Lehigh river in Pennfylvania, about 3'3
miles N W by N of Bethlehem.
MeiuleptHfTi wealthy and pleafantfarm-
ing fettlement, in Monmouth co. N. Jer«
fey ; making a part of a rich glade of
land, extending from the fea, wtdward to
Delaware river. It is x8 miles S £ of
Princeton.
Mtrajhicn Ifland^m Placentia Bay, New-
foundland Ifland.
Meretr, a CO. of Pennfylvania, bounded
N by Crawford, E by Venango, S E by
Butler, S by Beaver, and W by Ohia
State. It is about 40 miles long, and if
broad, containing about 641,000 acresi
The principal creeks are Nefhanoek,
Shenango, and Pymatuning. The inhab-
itants are 3,%ao.
Mercer, a CO. cf Kentucky, adjoiniof
Woodford, Shelby, and Madifon coun-
ties. It contains 9,34a inhabitants, of
whom 3,169 are flaves. Harrodfburg i«
the chief town.
Merterjhorwgh, a village of Peiinfylva'^^
nia, S £ of North Mountain, and about
13 miles S W of Chamberfburg,
Mercer't Cteei, in the N £ part of the
ifland of Antigua, in the W. Indies, is a
pretty deep inlet of the coad, the entrance
to which is between the iflands of Cod-
rington. Crumps, or Pelican.
Merebant'i Careening Phte, within the
harbour of Port Royal in Jamaica, on the
N tide of the long peninfula. /Mong this
narrow flip of beach is the only way to
pafs by land to Port Royal, for 9 or 10
miles, the careening place being almod at
midway, but fomewhat nearer to the £
end of the peninfula.
Mercy, Cape of Gad's, the mod foiitherly
point of Cumberland's Ifland.ontbeN tide
of Cumberland's Straits, in lat. about 66
N and has Cape Walflngham on its N £,
and Exeter Sound on its north.
Meredith^ Cape, among the Falkland
Iflands in the S. Atlantic Ocean is !••
twecn Port Stephen's and Cape Orford,
Meridilb, a townfhip in Strafford co,,
N. Hampihire, on the S W fide of Lakc^
Winipifeogee, 15 milts N of Gilmantownj
9 8 E of Plymouth, and 70 N Wof Portf-'
mouth. It was incorporated in l^(>%i.
It was fird called New Salem.
Mcrida, the capital of Yucatan, in the>
audience of Mexico. It lies neat the N.
6d»
i
I^M^1
j
" Nik
VI
m
■
H
B' ^' i
1
IJ
mmn
h
^^%'ias
m^
•It
■ flJ
s ,
**»:-
^11
in
IB}
■Fi
r
<i:|
u E a
fide of the province, between the gulft of
Mexico and Hondnr^t ; 45 miles S of the
Ocean, and 135 N £ of the city of Cam-
peachy. N iat. »i 38, W long. 90 3d.
Mirida, a town of New Granada, in S.
America, fituated near the limits which
divided the province front Venexula.
The foil round this place alronnds with
fruit of alt forts, and there are gold mines
near it', k it about 54 miles from Lake
MitataybO', iiOf N £ of Pampeluna^ and
»6o N E of St. Fe. The inhabitants
fend their fruit and merchandize toTrui-
Hlo. N ht. 8 30, W long. 71.
Mereditb, a pod town, Delaware ro. N.
York, 456 miles N E from Wafliiagton,
25 miles S of Coopcrflown.
Mtrim, a large take in Paragikay in S.
America, very near the coafl; of the S.
Atlantic Ocean, where the land is very
^at. Fort St. Miguel ftands at the S end,
and Fort Mangaveira, at its northeaftem
extremity. There is a very narrow lake,
parallel to Lake Merim between it and
the ocean, and neatly :tr long. The forts
command the extr-emiries of thepeuinfula.
Merini^, Ot Maramtg, a Urge river of
LouiCana, which empties into the Miffi-
fippi, below the mouth of the Miflburi,
and 50 miles above the fettlement of
Gcnivieve. Fine meadows lie between:
this and the Miflburi.
Meriom, Upptr and Lvu»t*, a totvnfhips
in Montgomery co. Pennfylvania, the firft
hat 993, the lattev \a%% inhabitants.
Mtro DiflriHt in TennciTee, on the
banks of Cumberland river ; To called as
an cxprcfllon of gratitude to Governor
Mero of W Florida for fome kind offices
he rendered the fettlement. It compre-
hends- 7 counties, and contains 32,178
inhabitants, including 8074 Ikvcs. By
the State cenfus of 1795 there were
>4i390 inhabitants, of which number
3466 were flaves.
Mtro Feint, in the S. Pacific Ocean and
coaft of Peru, between Cape Blanco to
the S W and Tumbez river to the N£,
on the S £ Qde of Guayaquil Bay, in Iat.
3 40 S. The eoaft at the point of Mero
ii f ;w and flat, but the country within is
high and mountainous.
Mtrrimack Rivtr, ha« its courfe fouth-
crly through the State of N. Hampfliire,
till it enters Maflachufctts ; it then turns
eafterly, and paHe* into the ocean at Ne w-
bury-Port. This river is formed by the
confluence of PemigewaHet and Wiiiiu-
pifeogec rivers, in about iat. 43 s6, and ii
tu 'igable for xtStU of burd«o about 20
miles from its mouth, where it is obftru^<
ed by the firft falls, or rapids, ealleif
Mttchell's Eddy, between Bradford and
Haverhill. Vafl; quantities of fliip-tim>
her, asKt Tariout kinds of lumber are
broi^ght down in rafts, a great part of
which will find its way to Boflon, through
the Middlcfcx Canal, which is now near-
ly completed. Se« UtiddUfi* Canal, fa
the fpriag and Aimmer, cAhfiderable
quantities of faliAon', fhad and alewivet'
are caught,' which are either ufed as bait
in the cod-fiihery, or pickled»> and (hip-
ped to' the Weft-Indies. As many as 6'
or 7 bridges have been thrown over this
fine river at difi&rent diltances; from New-
Concord dowuili'ards ; the mod elegant
and cxpenllve are the one two miles'
above Newbury-Port, and the one at
Haverhill. The bar acrofs the mouth of
this river is a very great impcdiitient to'
navigation, and ts efpecially terrible to
flrangers. Thiere ar^ 16 feet of water
upon it at cominon tides. There are two
light-houCts of wood,Temovable at pleaf-
tire, according to the fhifting oi' the bar.
The light now bears E \ Nand W \ $.
Bringing both th» light-houfcs to bear
into one, until you aTe abi'eaft of the
lower one, llrill bring you in over the
bar ill the decpeft water ; where is a bold
fliore and good anchoring groundi The
N point of Plum-Ifland whi<ih forms the
S fldt of the entrance into the river, lies
in Iat. 42 47 40.
Merrimack^'Z townflitp in Hill(borough>
CO. N. Hampfliire, on the W bank of
Merrimack river, 8 or 10 miles S£of
Amherft. It has 926 inhabitants;
Merrimicbi River, M\t into the head of
a bay of that name On the N £ coaft of
the province of Ni Brunfwick. A little
above its confluence with the bay, it di-
vides it into two branches, and runs
through a fertile tradt of choice interval
Und ; and the land is, in general, well
cloathcd with timber of all kinds. From'
this river there is a: communication with
St. John's^ partly by laud.- but principally
by water carriage in cano's. The fal-
mon fifliery is carried on v/ith fuccefo>
and the cod-fifliery is improving near tlie
entrance of the bay.
Mcrtyceiicag. See HttrpfweU.
Mrrry-Meeting Bay, in Strafford CO. N.
Hanip(l)irc, is the fouth-eafternmoft arm
of Lake Winnipifeogce. Mount Major
flancls on its weft fide.
MenyMetting Bay,\tiL Maine, is formed
by the jun<!;'Uon ut Audrofcoggin and
Kcnnebeck
MEW
ftenneliecic rireri, oppofite to the town
of Woolwich, 20 miles from the fea.
Formerly, from thl« bay to the fea, the
confluent (tream #M called Sagadahock.
The lands here are good. Stevert^s rirer
heads within a mile of the bay, sknd a ca-
nal has lately been opened which unites
thcfe waters. There is a bridge over An-
drofcoggin river, at its Icntrance int<^ the
bay, connedking the l«wns of Brunfwick
and Topfham ; the farmer on its fouth-
crn fide, the latter on its northern fide.
Merfea townfliip, in the co. of ElTez, in
Upper Canada, Ii«s on lake Erie weft of
Romney.
Merteqaty a town in the province of
Honduras in N. Spain* which produces
the cochineal
Mef<iy La^ the routhernmoft of 4 ifles
in the Pacific Ocean, near to each other,
and E of the Sandwich Ifles. N lat. 19,
W long, €37 30-
Meffa/bru. .r Mijfafagst, a tribe of In-
dians, in!: lb!'., ^;>n a river of this name,
which empi' '• : N W part of Lake
Huron. A a .'• ago, this tribe aum-
Irered 500 w,u.iorst now but 80.
McJIerftut^, a poft town in Franklin co.
Pennlylvania, 16 miles S Wof Clumberf-
twrg, 168 W by S of Philadelphia, and
S6 N from Wafliington.
MtJJMaHttt or Mafde Baft on the coaft of
Chili or Peru, in S. America, is 8 leagues
N by £ of Morrenas bay, and 5 S by W
of Atacama. It ic properly within the
bay of Atacama, and is fo deep on the S
fide that there is no foundings ; hut at the
entrance or anchoring-piace it is moder*
atr, and Oiips may ride in 15 fathomg,clean
ground, and fecured from mod winds.
MeJIre Say, Little, on the N E part of
Iffewfoundlaad Ifland, fouthward of St.
Jalian, and N by W of the iflands Gros
and Belle.
Jlfir/aw(7aMii(«ir|f,a largenortherly branch
of Penobfcot river, about 25 miles above
the Paikataques, and 30 above Pafadun-
keag. About 15 miles from its conflii*
(Bce with Penobfcot it receives its N and
6 branches, each of which eatend more
than 20 mile*.
Mtttbigamiat, a long narrow lake, or
I rather dilatation of the northernbranch of
(>!< river St. Francis, in Louifiana, which
falls into the Miflifippi from the N W
atwut 4 miles above Kappas Old Fort.
I Mtthuen, a town in Eflea co. Maifachu-
|frtt«,OB the N bank of Merrimack river,
Ibttween Dracut and Haverhill. It con-
[taim % pariActaod iflSi inhabitant*.
Vm. I. S •
M E X
Jl^-w t/iands, on the coafl of the Spafl>
i<h Main in the W. Indies, between Cap«
Cameron, and Cape Gracias a Dios, li*
acrofs the etitrance into the bay of Coo
tt-oe, or Crotoe. They are furrounded
with rocks, and are very dangerous, ef-
pecially in cafe of hard gufts from the N
and N E.
Mexitano Miver, or Adajet, in Louifiana,
has a S E courfe and empties into the
gulf of Mexico, at Cabo d>i Nord; \f by
S of Afcenfion bay, and E by N of the
mouth of Trinity river. On its banks arc
faid to be rich filver mines t Fort Adayes
fiands on its north-eaftern fide, ao miles
from Natchitoches, in about latt. 30 3 1 1^.
Mexico, a town in Oneida co. N. York,
on the road between Oneida lake, and
Ofwego, about 20 miles from each. The
townfliip is extenfive, embracing a num*
ber of towns.
Mcxito, or iViw Spah, bounded N by-
unknown t-e;;ions, £ by Lo«ifiana and
the gulf of Mexico, foutn bv the Ifihmus
of barien, which feparates it from Terra
Firma in S. America, W by the Pacific
Ocean. Its length is about z,foo miles,
its breadth i6ou{ fituated between lat. 9
and 40 )l and between long. 83 8 and
I2J 8 W. This vaft country is divided'
into OIJ Mexico, which contains the audi-
ences of Galicia, Mexico, and Gautima-
la, which are fuhdivided into 2Z prov-
inces ; New Maxice, divided into two
audiences, Apacheira and Sonora ; and
California, on the W a peninfula. The
land is in great part abrupt and moun-
tainous, covered with thick woods, and
watered with large rivers. Some of
thefe run into the Gulf of Mexrco, and
others into the Pacific Ocean. Among
the firft are thofe of Alvarado, Coatzacu-
alco, and Tabafco. Among the latter is
the river Guadalaxara or Great river.
There are feveral lakes which do not left
embellini the country than give conveni-
ence to the commerce of the people.
The lakes of Nicaragua, Chapallan, and
Pazaquaro, are among the largeft. The
lakes Tetzuco and Chaico occupy a great
part of the vale of Mexico, which is tlie
fined tracfb of country in New Spain.
The waters of Chaico are fweet, thofe of
Tetzuco are brackiHi. A canal unite*
them. The lower lake, (Tetauco) was
formerly as much as 20 miles long and
17 broad, and lying at the bottom of the
vale, is the refervoir of aH-ehe waters
from thr fur rounding mountajtiA. The city
of Msxice ftaad* oa aa iHafltl ift this lake.
^ '. to
B fl
\
MEX
In thiscountry are interfpcrfcd many
fountains of different qualities. There
are an infinity of nitrous,Tulpl)urcous, vit-
riolic, and allumtnous mineral waters,
feme of which fpring out fo hot, that in
a fliort time any kind of fruit or animal
food ii boiled in them. There are alfo
{•etrifying waters, with which they make
ittle white fmooth (tones, not difplealing
to the tafte ; fcrapings from which taken
in broth, or in gruel made of Indian corn,
are mod powerful diaphoretics, and are
ufed with remarkable fuccefs in various
kinds of fevers.
The climate of this extenfive country
■ h various. The maritime parts are hot,
and for the mod part moid and unheal-
thy. Lands, which are very high, or
very near to high mountains, which are
perpetually covered with fnow, are cold.
The mountains of Mexico abound in
ores of every kind of metal, and a great
■variety of foifils. Tliere are entire moun-
tains of loadftone, and among, others, one
very confiderahle between Tcoiltylan and
Chilapan,in the country of the Gobuixcas..
However plentiful and rich the mine-
ral kingdom of Mexico may be, the veg-
etable kingdom is Hill more various and
abundant. Dr. Hernandez, defcrihes in
liis natural hidory, about i,300 medicin-
al plants, natives of that country. The
fruits of Mexico arc, pine-apples, plums,
dates, water-melcns, apples, peaches,
quinces, apricots, pears, pomegranates,
iigs, black-cherries, walnuts, almonds, ol-
ives, chefnuts, and grapes. The cocoa-
nut, vanilla, chia, g.^eat-pepper, tomati,
the pepper of Tabafco, and cotton, are
very common with the Mexicans. Wheat,
barley ,peas,bean6 and rice have been fuc-
ccfsfully cultivated in this country. Witli
xefpedt to plants which yield profitable
refins, gums, oils or juices, the country
of Mexico is Angularly fertile. Of quad-
rupeds there have been tranfported into
this country, horfes, aflcs, bulls, flieep,
goats, hogs, dogs and cats, which have all
multiplied. Of the ancient quadrupeds,
by which is meant thofe that from time
immemorial have been in that country,
fome are common to both the continents
of Europe and America, fome peculiar to
the new world, others natives only of the
kingdom of Mexico. The ancient quad-
rupeds common to Mexico and the old
continents, are lions, tigers, wildcats,
bears, wolves, foxcs, the comniou flags
and white flags, bucks, wild-goats, bad-
gers, pole-cats, weules, martin*, fquirrels,
ME X
rabbits, hares, otters and rats. Theio
prodigious number of birds, their variety,,
and many valuable qualities, have occa-
fioned fome authors to obferve, that, as
Africa is the country of beads, fo Mexico
is the country of birds. It is faid there
are vtoo fpecies peculiar to that kingdom.
The civil government of Mexico, is
adminidered by tribunals called audien-
ces. In thefc courts, the viceroy of the
king of Spain ptefides. His employment
in the greated trud and power his Cath-
olic Majedy has at his difpofal, and is
perhaps the riched government entrudcd
to any fubjedl in the "vorld. The vice-
roy continues in office three years. The
clergy are extremely numerous in Mexi-
co. The priedi, monks and nuns of all.
orders, make a fifth of the white inhabi-
tants, both here and in other parts of'
Spanifli America. The empire of Mexi-
co was fubdued by Cortez in i^ai.
Mexico, the capital of the above prov-
ince, is the olded city in America, of
which we have any account ; its founda-
tion being dated as far hack as 132;. It
is fituated in the charming vale of Mexi-
co, en feveral fmall iflands, in Lake Tetzu-
co, in N lat. 15 116, and 103 35 W long,
from Ferro. Thi» vale is furrounded
with lofty and verdant mountains, and'
formerly contained no lefs than 40 emi-
nent cities, befides villages and hamlets,
Concerning the ancient population of
this city there are various opinions
The hidorians mod to be relied on fay,
that it was nearly nine miles in circum-
ference ; and contained upwards of 60,
000 houfes, containing each from 4 to le
inhabitants. By a late accurate enume-
ration,roade by the magidrates and prieds,
it appears that the prefent number of in-
habitants exceeds 200,000. The greateft
curiofity in the city of Mexico, is their
floating gardens. When the Mexicans,
qbout the year 1325, were fubdued by
the Colhuan and Tepanecan nations, and
confined to the fmall iflands in the lake,
Ltving no land to cultivate, they were
taught by neceflBty to form moveable
gardens, which floated on the lake. Their
condruifkion is very fimple. They take
willows and the roots of marfli pUntS)
and other materials which are light, and
twid them together, and fo firmly unite
them as to forma fort of platform, which
is capable of fiipporting the earth of the
garden. Upon this foundation they lay
the light buflies which float qn the lake,
and ever them fpread ike mud and dirt
which
the lake,
rangular ;
«us, but g
3 wide;
furface of
TJicfe wen
cans owne(
>co; there
great pepp,
for their fi
the people
merous. a
«■» and eve
tlicm. Eve
innumerabl(
various kinc
arc cukivati
arriving by
ket- place of
in them furpi
liike makes i
quires no wa
iargcd gardei
tree and a liti
tor and defen
fun. When 1
tfcc Cbinamfa,
change his fiti
neighbourhood
family, he get,
by his own ft
«» fmall, or w
*f «t is large,
pleafes, with t
't' That pan
floating garde
ful recreation,
the higheft p
buildings, whi
ent, and the p
churches, are
has the aprpca
The trade of
branches, whi
«^Hd. It car
rope, by La V
pulf of Mexico
'ndies.by Acf
miles S Wof A
ica, by the fa
ports. Vera Cri
rably well fiti
purpofcs to wh
Meitieo, GulJ
Atlantic ocean
' W coaft of Fl
Leon and Ne\J
»nd the N £
New-Spaia, in
eny bounded
rA
'^.
4k
M E X
M I A
idien-
of the
yrnent
Cath-
and is
trufted
e vice-
. The
1 Mcxi-
s of all
inhabi-
parts of
if Mcxi-
11.
ire pror-
erica, of
I founda-
3*5- It
of Mexi-
le Tctzu-
W long,
rrounded
ains, and-
n 40 emi-
1 hamleti.
ilation of
opinions,
ed on fay,
n circum-
•ds of 60,
jm 4 to 19
\te cnume-
andpriefts,
mber ofin-
'he grcateft
CO, is their
Mexicans,
Tubdued by
lations, and
in the lake,
they were
,1 moveable
lake. Their
They take
larfl* plan"*
re light, and
firmly unite
tform.vhtch
earth of the
tion they lay
; qii the lake,
mud and dirt
whi<n
^hidh they draw up from the bottom of
the lake. Their regular figure i« quad-
rangular ; their length and breadth vari-
ous, but generally about 8 rods long and
3 wide; and their elevation from the
furface of the water is lefs than a foot.
Thcfe were the firft fields that the Mexi-
cans owned after the foundation of Mex-
ico ; there they firft cultivated the maize,
great pepper, and other plants neceflary
for their fuppnrt. From the induftry of
the people thefe fields foon became nu-
merous. At prefent they cultivate flow-
ers and every fort of garden herbs upon
them. Every day of the year at funrife,
innumerable vefTels or boats, loaded with
various kinds of flowers and herbs, which
are cultivated in thefe gardens, are feen
arriving by the canal, at the great mar-
ket-place of Mexico. All plants thrive
in them furprifingly ; and the mud of the
lake makes a very rich foil, which re-
.quires no water from the clouds. In the
Urged gardens there is commonly a little
(rec and a little hut to Hielter the cultiva-
tor and defend him from the rain or the
fun. When the owner of a garden or
the Cbinampa, as he is called, wifhcs to
change his fituation, to get out of a bad
neighbourhood, or to come nearer to his
family, he gets into his little boat, and
by his own (Irength alone, if the garden
is fmali, or with the aifidance of others,
if it is large, condudls it wherever he
plcafes, with the little tree and hut upon
it. That part of the ifland where thefe
floating gardens are, is a place of delight-
ful recreation, where the fenfes receive
the higheft poflible gratification. The
building<;, which are of ftone, arc conveni-
ent, and the public edifices, cfpeciaUy the
churches, are magnificent ; and the city
has the apTpearance of immenfe wealth.
The trade of Mexico confifts of 3 great
branches, which extend over the whole
world. It carries on a traffic with Eu-
rope, by La Vera Cruz, fitnated on the
Gulf ofMexico.or North Sea ; with the E.
Indies, by Acapuico, on the S. Sea, aio
miles S W ot Mexico ; and with S. Amer-
ica, by the fame port. Thefe two fea-
ports, Vera Cruz and Acapuico, are admi-
rably well fituated for the commercial
purpofcs to which they are applied.-
Mexico, Gulf of, is that part of the N.
Atlantic ocean, which wafhes the S and
S W coaft of Florida, the E coaft of New-
Leon and New-Galicia, in New-Mexico,
and the N £ coaft of Old Mexico, or
New-Spaia, ia N. America. It is prop-
erly boviaded oo the N by the Floridas,
and on the S by the Gulf of Darien, or
perhaps ftill more properly by the N W
point of the Iflhmus of Darien, fuppoQng
a line to be drawn from one to the other.
The Gulf of Mexico is therefore to be
confidcred as the wcflcrn part of the great
gulf between the northern and fouthern
continents of America. This fpacious
gulf contain? a great many illands of vari-
ous extent and fize ; and it receives fev-
eral great rivers, particularly the Mifli
fippi, the N river, and a multitude of oth-
ers of comparatively lefs note. Its ccNtds
are fo irregular and indented, that itt
lefTer gulfs and bays arc almoft innume-
rable; the chief of thefe are the gulf of
Honduras, and Guanajos, and the bays of
Campeachy, Palaxay, and St. Louis. It ia
conjeiftured l>y fome to have been for-
merly land ; and that the conflant attri-
tion of the waters in the Gulf Stream, has
worn it to its prefent form. See Gulf
Stream, and Oulf of Florida.
Miami River, Little, in tite State of Ohio,
has a fouthvveftern courfe, and empties
into the Ohio on the E fide of the town
of Columbia, 10 miles eafiward of the
Great Miami, in a flraight line,but ^^ tak-
ing in the meanders of the Ohio. It is 70
yards widB'at the mouth ; its whole length
70 miles. Its banks are good land, andfo
iiigh as to prevent in common the over-
flowing of the water. At the didance of 30
miles from the Ohio, the Miamies approx-
im<<te each other within eight miles and
a half. On this river are leveral fait
fprings.
Miami Rivrr, Gteert, or Xhreat Mineamf,
calkd alfo jijlreniet, or Rocky river, form*
the wcftern boundaryof the Stateof Ohio,
dividing it from Indiana Territory. It
has a S by W courfe, and empties into
the Ohio by a mouth aoo yards wide, 3a§
miles from Big Bones, 154 miles from the
Rapids, and 604 from the mouth of the
Oiuo. It is one of the mod beautiful
flreams in the Siate, clear and tranfpar-
ent. U has a very flony channel, a fwift
ftream, bul no falls. At the Picquc or
Pickawee towns, above 75 miles from its
mouth, it is not above 30 yards broad,
yet loaded batteaux can afcend 50 miles
higher. The portage from the naviga-
ble waters of its eaftern branch to San-
dufky river is 9 miles, and from thofe of
its wcftern branch to the Miami of the
Lakes, only 5 miles. It alfo interlocks
with the Scioto.
Miami of the Laht, a navigable river of
the State of Ohio, which falls into Lake
Erie, at the S W corner of the lake. A
',, foutb>:rB
Ui •I'll
m *N ■ \
^ %
»»'
"i
MIC
fbuthern branch of this rivet communi-
cates with the Great Miami, by a portage
of 5 miles. The northern branch flows
from a pond and communicates with St.
Jofeph's river fay a portage of 15 mile;.
This river is called bv] fome wi iters
Mawmre, alfo Omee, and Manmick,
JMiajHi, a village on the Miami of the
Lake near the Miami Fort. Large ca-
aoes can come from Ouiatanon, a fmall
French fettlemcnt ou the W fide of the
Wabafli, 197 miles below the Miami
Carrying-place, which laA is 9 ovles from
this village.
Miamit, up Indian natV>n who inhabit
<m the Miami river and the fouthcrn ^de
of Lake Michigan. They can raife about
300 warriors. In confcquence of lands
ceded to the U. States by the treaty of
Greenville, Auguft si, 17951 government
paid them a fum in hand, and engaged to
pay to them annually, forever, to (he
value of 1,000 dollars in goods.
Miamii Bay, at the month of thf Mia-
^i of the Lakes.
Miata Jfiand, one of the Society Iflands,
in the S. Paci^c ocean. S lat. <; 5^ W
long. 14^ 6.
Miebael, St, or St. Migyilfi town in the
Erovipce of (^ito, in Peru, and faid to
e the firft town the Spaniards built in
that country. U is of confiderable fize,
(landing in a fruitful valley, about 10
leagues from the fea. The inhabitants
call it Chila. Another town called St.
^iguel, is the fecond city in Tucumania,
3Q leagues from St. Jago del Eftero, on
the road to Charcara or Potofi, at the
foot of a range of rugged mountains, in
a well watered place having the river
Quebrada on the one fide, and feveral
fmall flreams on the other, 5 or 6 leagues
from it. The country produces all kinds
of grain, plenty of grapes, cotton and ilax,
$aA yields excellcpt pafturage.
Mifbaet, St. a town of N. America, in
N. Spain, and in the province of Mccho-
acan. U is very populoiis, 100 miles from
Mexico. |if lat. ao 35, W long. loa ss-
MfcbatFt Bay, St. on the £ Ude of the
iHand of Barbadocs, in the W> Indies ; a
little N of Foil's Bay : N E of which lafl
bay are Cobler's llocks, i<i the (hape of
a bom.
MutatVi Gulf, St. m the S E part of
Panama Bay, is formed by the outlet of
Sr. Maria and other rivers that fall into it.
Michael, St. or St. Miguel River, is alfo
on the S coa(|,of the ifUiaiis between N
»n(} S. America, aad on (he ^. Pac>£c
«*'.
1^
M *.
MIC
ocean, and 18 learaes to the W of Fort
Martin Lopez, and 3 £ of Guibaltiear.
It has 3 fathoms water at flood. 'Wiuiia
the river to the N £ is the burning moun*
tain of St. Miguel* '«H the midil of an opcq
plain.
Micbaeh Bay, St, iq Tctta Firma, o«
the S. Sea.
Micbatl'sy St. a parifh l/a C)u>lcfton at-
tridl,S. Carolina.
Michatl'i, St. a town in Talbot ca Ma»
ryland, 8 miles W of Eafton, and ai S E
of Annapolis,
Mi't^tlt St. or loud del Negne, a towa
on the S peninfula of St. Domingo ifland,
10 leagues ^ £ of St.. Lovis.
Michigan Lake, in the N W Territory,
is the largcQ and moft confiderable lake
which is wholly within the United States,
and lies between lat. 418 and 4 J 40 N
and between 84 and 87 W long. Its com-
puted length is 260 miles from N to 3 ;
its circumference 945 miles ; and con-
tains, according to Mr Hutchias, 10,3681,
000 acres. It is navigable for fliipping
of any burden] and communicates with
Lake Huron, at the nortb-eallem part,
through the Straits of MichilUmakkioaki,
The Ara't >s 6 miles broad, and the fort
of its name i(lands on an illandat the mouth
of the lUait. In this lake are Several Innda
of fifh ; particularly trout of an excellent
quality, weighing (rom s^o to 6c pounds;
and feme have been taken in the ftrait
which weighed 90 pounds. On the N W
parts of this lake, the waters puib through
a narrow ftrait, and branch out into two
bays ; that to the northward is called No-
quct's Bay, the other to the fouthward,
Puans, or Green Bay, which laft with the
lake, forms a long peninfula, called Cape
Tovynfend, or Vermillion Point About
30 miles S of Bay de Puans, is Lake Win*
nebagOi which communicates with it;
and a very fliort portage interrupts the
water communication, fouthweflwar<j|
from Winnebago Lake through Fox riv-
er, then throvgh Ooifconfin, into the riv-
er Mi^iflppi. Chicago river, alfo at the
S W extremity of Lake Michigan, fur*
nifhes a communication interrupted by ;|
flill fliorter portage, with IlUnbis river.
Lake Michigan Receives many fmall riv
ers from the W and £ fome \$o and.even
25Q yards broad at t^eir mpuths. Sec
Grand Mafticmt Maramt, St.J^fft, &c.
Jl^iebilliifialikinok Sfroiti coancdl Lakes
Michigan and.^uron, in a N £ and S W
courfe.
MitlUlimaHin^ (called by the Canadi-
an!
«'
#
MIC
I £« Gtf^t Jjle) an iiland, fort, and Til<
hge on the S W fide of the (Irsits of the
fame name. The fmall ifle on which the
village, and the fort commanding the
ftrait, ftand, i» W N W of White Wood
Ifland, in Lake Huron. In addition to
the lands round thi> pod to which the
Indian title had ^een extinguiChed bj the
French and Britiflt governmentt, the In-
dians have ceded by the treaty of Green-
ville, a tradt of land on the main:, ro &"*
north of the ifland on which r. .>& «.
Michiilioiakkinak ftands, to mv^.'ure 6
miles on lakck Huron and Michigan, and
to extend 3 miles back from the water of
the lake or flrait, and alfo De Boi« Blanc,
at White Wood iDand. This lad was the
voluntary gift of the Chippewa nation.
The ifland of Michillimakkinak is very
barren, but, as It is the grand rendezvous
of the Indian traders, a confiderable trade
is carried on ; aqd its very advantageous
Situation feems to enfure that it will be,
at fome future picriod, a place of great
commercial importance. It is witl^in the
line of the United States, and was lately
delivered up by the Britifli. There are
2JI inhabitants here. It is about aoo
miles N N W from Petroit, and 974 N
W of Philadelphia. M lat, 45 48 34, W
long. 84 30.
ifieiiliimaUinai, ZfiltU, a river in the
K W. Territory, which enters the fouth>
caftern fide of Illinois river, by a mouth
50 yards wide, and has betweef^ 30 and
40 fmall iflands at its mouth : which at
a diflance appear like a fmall village. It
runs a N W cpurfe, and is navigable
about 90 miles. On its banl^is plenty
of good timber, viz. red and white cedar,
pine, maple, walnut, £pc. as alfo coal
mines. Its mouth is 13 miles below the
Old Piorias Fort and village, on the op>
polite fide of the river, at the S W end of
Illinois Lake, and 195 miles from the
Miflifippi.
MiebifieeteH^ a rIver which empties into
Lake Superior, on the northeaft fide of
the lake. It has its fource not far didant
from Moefe river, a water of James's Bay.
It forms, at its mouth, a bay of its own
nmne; and on the W part of the bay, is
a large ifland fo called, clofe to the land,
a fmall (trait opiy feparates it from Ot-
ter's Head on the north.
Michipinttn Bay, in the northeaft part
of lake Superior, in Upper Canada, is
fomewhat fheltered foutherly and eaft-
erly from lake Superior, by point Gor^
|oataa and the ifland of Michipicoten.
MID
Mlelifiecfen IJIe, on the northeaftpatt
of Lake Superior, in U. Canada, at tlie
entrance of a bay of the fame name,
MicbipictBton Houftf in U. Canada, ia
fituated on the £ fide of the mouth of the
above river, in lat. 47 56 ^, and belonp
to the Hudfon Bay Company.
Mitbi/eoiti, i» the Indian and prcfenC
name of the mod northerly river in Ver*
moot. It rifes in Belvidere, and runa
learly uorth>ca(l until it has crnfled into
''anada, where it runs T'^p Hift^nce ; it
■ns W then foutherl /' liters the
State of Vermont in Ricliiurd, and emp-
ties into Lake Champlain at Michifcout
Bay, at Highgate. It is navigable for thp
largefl: boats to the falls at Swantown, 7
miles from its mouth. Michifcoui, La
Moelle, and Onioh river3,are nearly of the
fame magnitude.
Micbifcoui Tongue, or Say, a long point
of land wliich extends foutherly into
Lake Champlain from the N £ corner of
Vermont on the W fide of the bay of
this name, and forjnsthe towniliip of All-
burg.
Mittmacts, an Indian nation which in-
habit the country between the Shapody
Mountains, and the Gulf of St. Law-
rence in Ilova-Scotia, oppofite to St»
John's Ifland. This nation convey their
fcntimeuts by hieroglyphics marked oa
the rind of the birch and on paper, whicb
the Roman miiTionaries perfectly under-
ftand. Many of them refide at the fieade
of the rivers, in King's and Hants coua*
ties.
Mlcoya Bay is fituated on the S W coaft
of Mexico, or N. Spain, on the Pacific
Ocean. In fome charts it is laid down in;
lat. J.0 IS Naad having CapeBhinco and
Chira Ifland for its fouth-eaft limit.
Middle Bank, a fiihing ground in the At«
lantic Ocean, which lies from north-ea(l
to fouth-weft, between St. Peter's Bank
and that of Sable Ifland ; and oppo-
fite to, and S E of, Cape Breton Ifland,
laid down in fome charts between lat. 44
3 a, and 45 34 N, and between tong. 57
37, and 59 3 a.
Middlebortugb, the ffamqJitU of the an-
cient Indians, a pofl: town in Plymoutli
CO. Maflachufett3, 40 miles 8 by £ of Bof-
ton ; was incorporated in 1669, and con-
tains 4458 inhabitants. This town was
formerly thickly inhabited by Indian na-
tives, governed by the noted fachem TiJ^
paean : there are now only 30 or 40 fouls
remaining, who, to fupply their immcdi*
ate nece^ties, make and fell brooms and
Uiket*.
> t
vi
.w 't
-t
[|H
!;• ii:
•»
-*^
#
MID
M I D
t'
baflMti. The town is remarkable for a
large range of ponds, which produce fev-
eral forts of fifli, and large quantities of
iron ore. Tl)e bottom of Aflbwamfet
Pond may be faidto bean entire mine of
iron ore. Men go out with boats, and
ufe inQrumrnts like oyfter dredges, to get
up the ore from the bottom of the pond.
It h now fo much exhaurced, that half a
ton is thought a good day's work for one
man ; but for a number of years one man
could take up four times the quantity.
In an adjacent pond there is yet great
plenty at 20 feet deep, as well as from
Ihoaler water. Orcat quantities of naHs
are made here. In winter, the farmers
and young men are employed in this
manufadture. Here, and at Milton in
Norfolk county, the firft tolling and flit-
ting mills were eredted about 50 years
ago, but were imperfet^ and unprodudl-
ive, in comparifon with thofc of the pref-
cnt time. The prints of naked hands and
feet are to he fecn on fevcral rocks in this
town, fuppofed to have been done by the
Indians. Thefe are probably limilar to
thofe obferved in the States of Georgia
and Virginia.
Middldourg Kiy^ a fmall rflot fepar- •
ed from St. Martin's in the We(l-Ii>
en the N E.
Miildlthooi, a pod- town, Augufta co.
Virginia, 186 miles from Wafhington.
MiddUbufg, a pofl-town, Loudon co.
Virginia, 47 miles from Wafliington.
MUileburg, a poft-town, Nclfon co.Ken-
tucky, 603 miles from Washington.
MidJleitiry, a poft-town of Vermont,
and capital of Addifon co. It is 33 miles
M by W of Rutland, 15 from Vcrgennes
and 37 S £ of Burlington. Here is a
brewery upon a pretty large fcalc, 3 grifl
jiulls, 4 faw mills, a forge, a gun and card
fnanufa<5lory, jail, court houfe, college,
and about 400 dwelling lioufes. The
college eftablifhed in this town, is flour-
. idling, and promifes great benefit to the
State. The townfliip lies on the £ fide
of Otter Creek, and contains 1 363 inhab-
itants, ji I miles N £ of Wafhington.
MitUle Cafe is to the SW of Cape An-
thony, in Staten Land, on the flrait Le
Maire, and the moft wcfierly point of
chat ifland; at the extremity of S. Amer-
ica.
MiJdlefeU, a townfhip in Hampfhire
CO. MafTachufetts, 30 miles N W of Spring-
lEeld, and 130 miles wefterly of Bofton. It
was incorporated ia 178-3, and contains
^7 inhabitants.
*»
i^^
■■1**-,
MiJdleJiilJ, a thriving town in Trum-
bul CO. State of Ohio, in the centre of the
county, 15 miles N of Watren.
Middleboek, a village in N. Jerfey, %
miles W of Brunfwick, on the crofs poft
road from Branfwick to Flemington, and
on the N bank of kariton river.
'iddte IJlaiidi, or lUai de en Medit, an.
the W coaft of N. Mexico, between the
iflands of Chira and St. Luke. They are
in the N. Pacific ocean, in lat. 9 30 N.
There it only from 6 to 7 fathoms from
Chira to thefe illands, and all vefTclsfhonld
keep nearer to them than to the main.
Middkbufg, or jEmj, the mofl foutherly
of all the Friendly Ifl/'Ads, in the Pacific
Ocean ; and a about 10 leagues in circuit.
Middle IJland, in Upper Canada, is
fmall, and ntuated eafl of the Bafs iflands.
and northerly of Ship ifland, and Cun-
ningham's ifland in Lake Erie.
Middle/etc, a county of MafTachufettSj
bonndcd N by the State of N. Hampfliire,
E by EfFcx co. S by Suffolk, and W by
Worccflcr co. Its figure is nearly equal
to a fquare of 40 miles on a (ide^ its great-
eft length being 52, and its greateft
breadth 42 miles. It has 42 townfhips,
which contain 46,928 inhabitants. The
religious focieties are 55 of Congregation*
alifts, 7 of Baptifls, and fome Prefbyteri-
ans. It was made a county in 1643.
It is watered by five principal rivers,
Merrimack, Charles, Concotd, Nafhua,
and MyAick ;, befides fmaller flreams.
The chief towns are Charleflown, Cam-
bridge, and Concord. Charlcftown is
the only fcaport in the county ; Con-
cord is the mofl refpe&able inland town,
and is near the centre of the county,
being 20 miles N W of Boftoa. There
are in the county 24 fulling-mills, about
70 tan-yards, 4 paper-mills, 2 fnufF-mills,
6 diAilicries, and about ao pot and pearl
afh houfes. The fouthern and northern
fides of the county are hilly, but not
mountainous, few of the hills exceeding
ICO feet in height, and are covered with
wood, or cultivated quite to their fum*
mits. The air is generally ferene, and
the temperature mild. The extreme va-
riation of Farenkeit's thermometer, may
he conlidered as 100 in a year ; but it is
in very few inftanccs, that in the courfe
of a year it reaches either extreme : 92
may be conlidered as the extreme fum-
mer heat, and 5 or 6 below o, as that
of the winter cold. In the winter of
1796— '97, it funk to II below o. The
foil is various, in fomt parts of rich,
black
Itldck I(
and fat
grain a
through)
frowth
Middi,
Midd/,
ticut, ho
l«ng Wi
CO. and
eft lengtl
ffeateft 1
ed into (
iflhahitan
ne<5ticut
*he couni
flow into i
dleton is
Middle/,
ed N by
ecfet, SW
mouth, E
Staten Iflai
■tants. Fr
er up to :
iides is gei
and lillage,
titles of ev
Chief towr
MidJlefex
S fide of I
apeak BayJ
length, an
1*87 free
Urhannji h
Middle ,<f,
end of Lai
uated betw
Sifter. Sm
Middle
vffions of t
inated in i
fouthern St_
of New Yoi
Delaware,
ritory.
Middleti,,,
eft. MafTacl
Boflon. It
and contaii
MiddUton
port of ent
capital of
«ed on th
cut river,
Saybrook ^
of the rive
4« N by
^ W of
iM-ook, and
M I V
M I
ii
kldck lofldi, and in otheri it i« light
and fandy. It produces the timber,
grain and fruit which are common
throughout the State, either hy natural
growth or cultivation.
MiJdhfex Canal, fee Appendix.
Miidlifex, a maritime co; of Connec-
ticut, bounded N by Hartford co. S by
Long Ifland Sound, £ by New London
CO. and W by New Haven. Its great-
eft length is about 30 miles, and its
jjireated breadth 19 miles. It is divid-
ed into 6 townfliips, containing 1 3*874
iiihabitants, of whom 7» are flaves. Con-
ne<Slicut river runs the whole length of
the county, and on the ftreams which
flow into it are a number of mills; Mid-
dleton is the chief town.
MiMUftx. a CO. of N. lerfey, bound-
ed N by EfTex, N \r and W by Som-
«f fet. S W by Burlington, S E by Mon-
mouth, E by Rariton Bay and part of
Statenlfland. It contains 17,890 inhab-
itants. From the mouth of Rariton riv-
er up to Brunfwick, the land on both
fides is generally good, both for pafture
and tillage, producing confidbrable quan-
tities of every kind of grain and hay.
Chief town. New Brunfwick.
Middlefex, a CO. of Virp;inia, on the
S fide of Rappahannock river, on Chef-
apeak Bay. It is about 35 miles in
length, and 7 in bi-eadth, containing
1687 free inhabitants, and 25x6 flaves.
Urbanna is the chief town.
MiMe Hifler, a fmall ifland at the W
end of Lake Erie in Upper Canada, fit-
uated between the Eafl Sifter, and Weft
Sifter. SmytB.
Middle Statu, one of the Grand Di-
vifions of the United States, (fo denom-
inated in reference to the northern and
fouthern States) comprehending the States
of New York, New Jcrfey, Pcnnfylvania,
Delaware, Ohio, and the Indiana Ter-
ritory.
JUiddleton, an interior towndiip in Eflex
CO. MafTachufetts, ao miles northerly of
Bofton. It was incorporated in 1728,
and contains 598 inhabitants.
Middleton, a city and poft-town and
port of entry of Connecticut, and the
capital of Middlefex co. pleafantly fitu-
ated on the weftern bank of Connedti.,
cut river, xt miles from its mouth, at
Saybrook Bar, according to the courfe
of the river ; 15 miles S of Hartford,
46 N by E of New Haven, 38 N W
by W of New London, 30 N of Say-
Wook, and 2091 N £. af Philadelphia.
.*■-
Its public buildings are, a Congrega« V
tional church, an Epifcopalian churcfr,
a court houfe and naval office. It con-'
tains about 300 houfes, and carries oiv
a conCderablc trade. Here the river
has 10 feet water at full tides. N lat.
4» 35. W long. 72 54. This place waa
called Mattabefiek, by the Indians, and
was fettled in 1650 or 1651. Two miles » •
from the city is a lead mine which wa»
wrought during the war, and was pro-
duAive ; but it is too expenfive to be •;^
wotked in time of peace. '
Middletoivn, a townfliip in StrafFord
CO. N. Hampftiire; about 40 miles N by
W of Portfmouth.
Middlttown, a townfliip in Rutland co. *
Vermont, 39 miles N of Bennington.
Middletown. a village on Long Illand, !ti |
N. Tork State; 12 miles from Smithtown, ^]
and 1 3 from Bridgehampton.
Middletown, a townfhip in Delaware co
N. York, eredlcJ from Rocheftcr and
Woodftock in 1789, on the N fide of th;
head waters of Popachton branch of Del-
aware, 40 miles W of Catflcill.
Middletown, a townfliip in Newport coti
Rhode in.ind, contains 913 inhabitants.
In this town, which is on the ifland which
gives name to the State, and about %
miles from Newport, is a large and curi-
ous cavity in the rocks, called Purgatory^-
MiddletoviH, a town of about 60 or
70 houfes in Berkley co. Virg. about half
way between Martinfljurgh and Winch-
efter, near the N mountain. Tt has a
church for Prcfl)ytcrians, and another
for Baptifts.
Middletvtvn, a fmall poft town in New-
caftle CO. Delaw.ire, on Apoquinimy
Creek, 21 miles S S W of Wilmington,
and 49 S W of Philadelphia.
Midd/efonvn, in Monmouth co. N. Jer-
fey, a townfliip which contains two pla-
ces of worfhip, one for Baptifls and one
for the Dutch Reformed Church, and"
3,226 inhabitants. Here is an academy
of 40 or 50 ftudcnts ; and fait works
on North river, which divides this town
from Shrewfljury. The centre of the
townfliip is 50 miles E by Nof Trenton, ^
and 30 S W by S of N. York city. The
light-houfe built by the citizens of New
York on the point of Sandy Hook, is in'
this townfliip. The high lands of Nave-
fink, are on the fea coaft,near Sandy Hootb
They are 600 feet above the furface of the
water, and are the lands firft difcovercd ' 4S
by mariners on this part of the coaft.
Middlttsitin Piint, in the above town» *
' .. . .¥ - '
:
ti(;
; , 1
':!,■■
i
H I F
If I R
fliip, liei on the 8 W fide of the bay
within Sandy Hook, 9 mile* K by N
of Spotfwood, and 14 north-we(l of
Sbrcwfbury. A pod-office ii kept hcre»
MiddliUtuHt a flourilhing pod town in
Dauphin co. Pcnnfjivania, 011 tJK N
W ude of Swatara creek, which emp>
tiet into the Sufquchannah, ^ milet he-
low. It containi h German church and
above 100 houfcir and carrieH on a
briik trade vtith the farmcitm the vi>
cinitjr. It is eftimated that above aoo,ooo
buflieli of wheat are Itrought down
thefe rivers annually to tite landing
piUce, » miles from the town. Contig-
vous to the town is an excellent mer-
chant mill, fupplied with a condant
dream, by a canal cut from the Swat-
ara. It is .6 miles S of Humtneldon,
and 91 W bv N of Philadelphia. N lat.
40 IS, W long. 76 44. There are alfo
two other townfliips of this name in
the State ; the one in Delaware cok the
other in that of Cumberland.
MiMttvwit, a pod town in Frederick
ca Maryland, lies nearly 8 miles W N
W of Frederickdown.
MiddUtvwn^ in Oorshefter ca Mary*
^nd, is aboat 5 miles N of the Cedar
Landing Place, on Tranfquaking Creek ;
7 wefterly of Vienna, and 8j^ N W of
Cambridge.
MBdland D'lftriH, in U. Canada, was
originally eredted into a dinrift by the
same of the.diftritfkof Mecklenburg, in
the province of Quebec, by Lord Dor-
cbefter's proclamation, of the a4th of
Tnly 1788; it received its prcfent name
by an aft of the provincial legiflature;
ia bounded on the E i>y a meridian paf-
fing through the mouth of the river Oa-
nanoqni ; on the S by the river St. Law-
rence and Ontario ; on the W bv a me-
ridian palfing through the mouth of the
river Trent, at the head of the bay of
Quinte ; and on the N by the Ottawa
river. Smyth.
Midway, a village in Liberty co. Oeor-
giar 30 miles S of Savannah, and 10 miles
N W of Sunbury. Its inhabitants are
Cpngregationalids, nnd are the defcen*
dants of emigrants from Dorchefler near
Bofton, in New England, who migrated
aa early as 1700.
' Midway, a townfliip in Rutland co.
Vermont, £ of and adjoining Rutland.
Miffim, a CO. of Pennfylvania, furroun-
<led by Lycoming, Franklin, Cumberland,
Northamberland, Dauphin, and Hunting-
don counties. It contains .itSj I f^uare
I miles, t,i84,^(lo aeres, and is divided ln«
to 8 townflitp. The mountains in thi»
county abound with iron ore, for the
I manufaiShiring of which, feveral forges
have been ereftcd It is well watered
by the Junialta, and other dreams which
empty into the Sufquehaffnah. In thia
en. are feveral mineral fprings, and abun-
dance of limeftonc. This co. and Center
contain 13,609 people. Chief town,
Lewiflown.
Miff in, a fmall town in the above eo.
on the £ fide of the Juniatta ; 11 mile*
E of Lewidown, and 138 from PhiladeU
phia. Here is a pod office.
MiffiHf JFtrt, in Pennfylvania, is iitua«
ted on a fmall ifland, at the mouth of
Schuylkill river, alwut 6 miles S of Phil-
adelphia.
Miffinitirg, a pod town of Northunw
berJand co. Penlylvania, 418 miles from
Wafliington.
Mile^ry,i poft town, Mifflin ea Penn*
fylvania a6a miles from Wafliington.
Mtlfwdjk townfhip in Mifflin co. Penn-
fylvania.
Milfvrdt a fmall town in Worceder cok
Maflkchufetts, 18 miles from Worcefter,
34 from Bodon, containing 907 inhabi-
tants..
MI/»rJ, a pod town of the Sute of
Delaware, pleafantly fituatcd ob the N
fide of Mufpilion Creek, about xzmilea
W rf its mouth in Delaware Bay, 19 S
by £ of Dover, 7 8 of Ftederica, and 95
S by W of Philadelphia. It contains up-
wards ICO houfes, all built iince the war,
except one. The inhabitants are Epifco-
palians, Quakers and Methodids.
MU/ordt a town of Northampton co.
Pennfylvania, laid out on the N W fide of
the Delaware, on a lofty fituation, at
Well's Ferry, lao miles above Philadel-
phia. In front of the town, which con-
tains as yet only a few hoafes, the river
forms a cove well fitted for flieltertng
boats and lumber in dorms, or frediet in
the river. A faw mill and paper mill
have been erefted here; the latter be-
longs to Mr. Biddis, who has difcovered
the method of making paper and pade-
board by fubdituting a large proportion
of faw-dud in the compofition.
Mi/ford, a pod-town of Conneftieut,
on Long-Iflaud Sound,and in New-Haven
ca 13 miles S. W. of New-Haven, and '
ead of Stratfotd. The mouth of tha-
creek on which it dands has 3 fathoma:
water. This town was called ^iy>«t('<i;«
by the Iiwliins, and was fettled in x6i&
It
ft <*ont!ti'n<
Coii,'jrcgntio
Milf>„,l J
coaft of No^
the point (I
ceivcs ftvtrj
8 W.
northerly, dll
coc, and is nc
Vork. Tiifl,
cd oncmillior
a gratuity to
the line «')f th
*ng the count]
^ bv tlu; cafl
Slid thf county
of -Lake Oiitar
Tioga CO. and
has been fcttlin
pie very rapid
pleafaiit count}
'hips of 60,000
gain lubdividc
farms, of 600 at
*.Joo farmi, wci
of fmall lakes at
Tlie reft rved
"■•»<-% are as fol
miles long, and
northern part of
'•es ir> the ccntrt
dians. The Fno
each fide of the I
•wrth end lies
Connnga Caftic
i^ie ferry, on the
The Oiiondago I
" miles long,
"Prth bv the .
part of the tow
<"'amillus : A veri
«nd of Salt Lake
'J«". The Salt Si
IT'th a fmall port
"d*-, is r.fcrved I
'eifith is 6{- miles,
oftheRcfcrvatioi
Af./Af,., jp„t, is
fon's river, 41 „
Here are the falls
'wndcd in a boat
"""5. Ithasitsnai
formerly built her
Milh Xocl», jq,
tains from fix to
'ae foil i, good ; i
Partipr parallel to
«e river St. Lawr
W
,(«•
M 1 t
M t L
It <ront!»in« «n Epifcopal church, anJ i
Con,';rc3ntfonal churches.
Milf"nl Hjiim, a deep bay on the
coaft "f Nova-Scotia, to the S W, lomid
the point of tl»e (Irait ol Canlo. It re-
ceives ftvtral rircrt from the N W and
8 W.
RJiHijufan Creti, in tJ, C^nul.i, running
northerly, difrharfjeo itftif into Lake Sim-
coc, and is now called HrJhnJ'j Riimr.
I.Tilltary Toivn/hifis, in the State of N.
York. The Icgilliture of the State j^rant-
ed one million and a half acres of land, a«
a gratuity to the ofiicers and foldieri of
the line of this State. This trai't, form-
ing the county of Onond.igo, is Iximided
W hv the eafl fliorc cf the Stncca Lake,
and the county of Ontario ; N l)y the part
of Lake Ontario near Fort Ofwejjo; S by
Tioga to. and E by Chenanpo co. This
has been fettling^ y theNew-Enj'Jand (x-o-
pie very rapidly iince the peace. This
pleafant county i« divided into ZS (own-
lliips of 60,000 acres each, whii.h are a-
gain lubdividcd into 100 convenient
farms, of 600 acres ; making in the whole
a,joo farms, well watered by a multitude
of fmall lakes and rivers.
The referved lands embofomed in this
tra<^, are as follow v a tratfl about 171
mile* long, and to broad, including the
northern part of the lake Cayuga, wliich
lies in the centre of it, to rhe Cayuga In-
dians. The Indians have a vill.igc on
each fide of the take ; and the ferry »t the
rHirth end lien in lat. 41 54 14 north.
Connoga Caftic is about 3 miles fouth of
the ferry, on the eall fide of Lake Cayuga.
The Onondago Refcrvation is uniformly
II miles long, and 9 broad ; bounded
north by the Public Refcrvation, and
part of the townfliips of Manlius and
(Jamillus: A very fmall part of the fouth
end of Salt Lake is within the Refcrva-
tion. The Salt Spring, and the S^It Lake,
with a fmall portion of ground on each
fide, is referved by the .State ; its j^Fcatcfl
length is 6^miles, and the greattfl breadth
of the Refcrvation 3^;.
Milltr, Fort, is on the F, fide of IT-.id-
f(m'8 river, 41 miles north of Aloany.
Here are the falls which Gen. Putnam dc-
fcendcd in a boat, on which are ftveral
mills. It has its name from a little mud tort
formerly built here againf^ the Indians.
Mill{ Roches, Jjle aii, in U. Canada con-
I tains from fix to fevcn hundred acres ;
the foil is good j it lies p;irtlv above and
partly parallel to Illc Cti^lal Ecartc, in
I tke river St. Lawrence.
Tt
Mil/n\, or Payiji'itj^i; a rivef of MaC"
fach'ifetts, which runs W by S and falli
into Coniifi'licnt river, between North*
fiehl and Montnguc. It is a beautiful
dream, though in f'oine places very rap*
id. Its chief fource it iu Monomenncic
pond in Rindgc, New-Hampfliirc, and
partly in Winchendon ; the other id
Naukheag ponri in Alhburnham. Thefe,
with Various flreams unite in Winchen-
don, and form Millet's river.
Miller J, a ftith mcnt in Kentneky, on
a branch of Lieking river, yt miles north-
caflof Lexington.
Miller s-Town, in Northampton co«
Penniyivania, is pleafantly fituated on a
branch of Little Lehigh river ; a6 mile«
S W of EaQon, and 47 N W by N of Phil-
adelphia. It contains about 40 houl'es.
JMiller'i-Toivii. See Anville.
Millei'f Tuivn, in Slirnandoah co. Vir-
ginia, 3a miles fouth of Wlnchefter.
i'wo or three miles from this place is the
n^irrow Pais, foi nied by the Slicnandoab
river cm one fide, and a I'niall brook
Oil the' other. It is about a rod and x
half wid-, and % or 3 long; on each fide
ii a bank of about 100 feet high.
Mil4ex IJIeiy Icty ill the river St. T^aw-*
rence, in U.Canada, are a group of fmall.
illands, tying oppolite the totvnfliips of
Leeds an<l L.inidown,
Mill I/l.mJ, ni;tr the N Wend of Hud-
fon's Stiaifi; N N W of Nbtiingham
Ifland, and S by E of Cape Comfort, but
nearer to the latter. N lat. 64 36, W
long. 80 30.
Millftonr, a fouth branch of Raritoi*
river, in N. Jcrfey.
Millflone, a pi<?afant rural villairf , fitnat-'
cd or. the river of its name, 14 miles N of
Princeton, in N. J.erley, containing tlic?
I'cat of General Frclirigliuyfon, and for-
merly the county town of Somcrfet.
Here is a poft ofTtce.
Milltoivn^ in the State of Delawfarr^
two n\iles from Wilmington.
Millto-wn, in NorthumbcrlandcoiPenn-
fylvania, on the E fide of the W branch
of Sufquclianuah river, containing about
60 houics, and 14 miles N by W of Sun-,
bury.
Mill-b'l'c, A poft town, Cumberland co.
N. Jerley, lyiJ miles N E from Wafliing-
tcn.
Mlllivojd, a pofl town, Frederick co.
Virginia, 68 miles from Waflnngton.
Mil:on, a townfliip in Chittenden co.
Vermont, fituated on the cafl fide of Lake
ChamplaiD,oppofit& tu iiouth Hero Ifland.
M I N
M I R
ft ii divided into nearly equal parts by
La Moiilc Kivcr, witidi eniptic* intittltc
lake in ColcheAer, near the S I'lie of MiU
ton. The townfliip coataini 7 86 inhab-
itant 1.
Millom, the l/mataqitijttt, or Unqutly of
the ancient Indiana, a pofl town in Nor-
fotlc CO. Maflachufetti ; adjoining tu Dor-
chefter, from which it is partly fcparatcd
by Ncponfct R. noted for tlie cM-cllcnt
quality of its water. It i« 7 miles S of
Bodon, and contains 1143 inhabitants, 3
iiaper mills, and a chocolate mill. It was
ncotporatcd in 166;. Milton hill affords
one of the lined pruipcc^s in America.
JHUlon, a town in the co. of Saratoga
in N. York. It has 212.; inhabitants.
Milton, a pod town in Cayuga co. N.
Yorkifituated on the N E ilde of Cayuga
Lake, near its fouthern extremity ; 40
miles N of Tioga river, and 21 S by £ of
the ferry on the N end of Cayuga Lake.
It was incorporated in 1794. It has iss2
inhabitants.
Milton, a fmall pod town in Albemarle
CO. Virginia, fituated on the S W fide of
the Rivanna, about 80 miles N W by W
of Richmond. It has about 20 houfes and
a ware>houfe for the infpcdtion of tobac-
co.
Milton, a pod town, Northumberland
CO. Pennfylvaiiia, 219 miles from Waih*
ingtoo.
Mimu, Bajin of, or Lit Minn Bay, fome-
time* alio called Lt Grand Frayi ; is a
gulf on the S E fide of the Bay of Fundy,
into which its waters pafs by a narrow
ftrait and fet up into Mova-Scotia in an £
and S direction. It is about 30 leagues
from the entrance of Annapolis, and ten
from the bottom of Bedford Bay. It is 1 2
leagues in length and 3 in breadth. See
Baftn of Minai.
Minat, or D$ lot Minas Hill, is the mid>
dlcmod of the three hills, defctibed as
marks within land for Bonaventura Bay
and river, on the coad of Peru, in S. A-
merica : thefe are S of Panama Bay, and
in N lat. 3 10, W Ion. 7518.
Minatte J/U, ie, on the N coad of lake
Superior in U. Canada, is fituated near
to, and eaderly of the Grand Portage,
extending to Thunder Bay.
Mindtn, a pod town, Montgomery co.
ll» York, 472 miles from Wafhington.
Miniau Fer,or Iron Mines, on the £ad
iide of Mifllfippi R. is 67 miles N by £ of
Chickafaw R. and rj Sbv £ of Ohio. Here
the land is nearly Gmilar in quality to
that borUcrisg 011 tlte Chickafiiw river.
iuterfperfcd with gr.ulual rifrngx or fmal!
eminences. Tliire wan a poll at this placr,
near the former S bouiid.«ry of Virginia.
MinebeaJ, a townfliip in P.ffcx co. Ver>
mont, on Conociflicut river. It is water-
ed bv Nulheg.-in river, and has only 27
inhaoitants.
Mingun Iftanls, on the N fide of thr
mouth of tlie river St. Lawroace. N lat.
JO 15, W long. 63 2 J.
Minro Town, an Indian town on the
W bank of the Ohio river, 86 miles N K
of Will's Town, by the Indian Path, and
40 fouth-wcderly of Pittiburg. It dand>>
a few miles up a fmall creek, where there
arc fprings that yield the fttrtl, a bitumin-
ous liquid.
Mingoet, an Indian nation who inhabit
near the fouthern brancli of the Sciota R.
Warriors, .50.
Minifink, a village in N. Jcrfey, on the
N W corner of the State, and on the W
fide of Delaware R. ; about 5 miles below
Montague, and 57 N W of Brunfwick.
Minifink, a townfliip in Orange co. N.
York, bounded eaderly by the Wallkill,
and fouthcrly by the State of N> Jerfey.
It contains 3594 inhabitants.
Miquilon,3L fmall defcrt ifland, 8 miles
S W of Cape May in Newfoundland Id.
It is the mod wcderly of what have been
called the 3 iflands of St. Pierre or St. Pe*
ter, and is not fo high as the other 2 ; its
foil is very, indifferent, and it is not more
than three-fourths of a league in length.
There is a paiTage or channel from the W
along by the N end of this ifland into For-
tune Bay, on the S coad of Newfoundland.
N lat. 47 4. W long. SS 5S- It » fomc-
times called Maguelon.
Mitagoane, a town on the N. fide of tlie
S peninfula of the ifl.ind of St. Domingo,
iind S fide of the Bight of Leogane, at
the head of a bay of its name. It is on
the road from Jcremie to Port au Prince,
about 3 1 leagues £ by S of the former,
and 23 W by S of the htter. N lat. 1%
27.
MiramacLi, or Miracbi, a port, bay and
river on the N £ coad of N. Brunfwick,
The port is at the mouth of the river.
The entrance into the bay is very wide;
it has Point Portage for its northern en-
trance, ami its fouthern fide is formed br
Bfcuminax Point, which is 53 miles N £
of Shcdiac luibour, and 34 S £ of the
mouth of Nipifighit river, which empties
into Chalcur Bay. There is a falmon
fiflicry iu Mirainachi river.
M':roy Bay, on the coaft of the ifland
of
Of Cape E
ne Bay.
leagues, a
lie fecure I
W long. 55
MirttaU
French p»i
1 2 leagues
foad from
which lad i
Mifcotbin
inhabit Int^
Mifliiippi.
Miftry, ar
Ann, in Ma
Mijko, an
Jcur Bay, ut
■MiJ/'>Jfaga
of the river!
the fame did
head of the I
Migaffaga
Newark, in I
of the entran
fite to the fori
MiJTaffugak
to Lake Hurt
ThefFalcn riv(
Mejfafague,.
MiJJinabt Li
39 4» N, and
MiJJinabe H
of Moofe riv
lake, and 80 ^
and is a datioi
^Ay Company
Mijp^uojb A
Brunfwick pr
the fcveral wi
its confluence
head of Chign
main fource;
£ line to the
of Northumbe
MiJJlfccui.
R
of
which, with it
fivo-eighths o
their wedern
them from L™
^ar Lake, lat
The tributary
*>om the W
'wgcd of whi,
the wed, and t
neffec from th(
fides of the Mi
tary dreams, i,
*a N. America
*o St AntJion
i
MIS
■of Cap* Breton, ii to the 8 from Morlen-
ne Bay. Large veflcit may go up 6
leagues, and have gond ancnotage, and
lie fecure from all windi. N lat. 46 5,
W long. 59 49.
Mirtbaluh, an interior tnwn in the
French part of the ifland of St. Domingo,
\% leagues N nf Port au Prince, on the
road from that city to Varettct ; from
which lad it is 14 leagues S E.
Afifioibint-, a fmall tribe uf Indians who
inhabit between Lake Michigan and the
MifCflppi.
Afi/try, an iile between Salem and Cape
Ann, in Maflachufctt*.
MiJko,in ilUnd on the S E fi Je of CIm-
\tMT Bay, at its mouth.
MiJ}aJf*ga JJland licdoppofite themouth
of the river Trent in U. Canada, and about
the fame diftitnce from the portage at the
head of the bay of Quinti. Smyth,
Mijfajfaga Point, in the towndiip of
Newark, in U.Canadi, lies on the W fide
of the entrance of Ningata R. and oppo-
iite to the fortrefs of Niagara. SmytL
Miffajfaga Rivir, in U. Canada, runs in-
to l^akc Huron, between le Serpent and
ThcHalcn rivers, on the N fliore. See
Mtffafagutt. Smyth.
Mijfmabi Laie, in N. America, lat 48.
29 42 N, and long. 84 a 42 W.
Miffinabe Houfe h fituated on the E fide
of Moofe river, 8 miles from Miflinabe
lake, and 80 W by S of Frederick Houfe ;
and is a Aation belonging to the Hudfon
Bay Company.
Mi/Jiquajb River, Nova Scotia aird N.
Brunfwick provinces are feparated by
the feveral windings of this river, from
its confluence with Beau Bafui (at the
head of Chigncdlo channel) to its rife or
main fource ; and from thence by a due
£ line to the bay of Verte, in the (traits
of Northumberland. See N. Brunftviek.
MiJJifcaui, See M'uhifcouit.
Mijftftppi River. This noble river,
which, with its eaflern branches, waters
live-eighths of the United States, forms
their weflern boundary, and fcparates
them from Louifiana. It rifes in White
Bear Lake, lat. 48 x% N, long. 98 30 W.
The tributary ftreams which fjdl into i'.
from the W and £ are numerous, the
largeft of which are the Miflburi from
the weft, and the Hlinois, Ohio, and Ten-
nefTee from the £. The country on botb
fides of the Miflifippi, and on its tribu-
tary fbeams, is equal in goodnefs to any
in N. America. This river is navigable
te St. Antiioay'* Fall* without any eb-
MIS
AruAinn, and Tome travellers Jr fcrtbe it
as navigable above thtm. On Itt.th fidca
of this river are fait fpringt or licks,
which produce r^^ccilcnt fait ; nnd on it*
branches are innumerable fuch fprings.
BcfidiK the rnni mines in the upptr part*
of the Ohio country, there are great
quantities of coal on the upper hranchea
of this rivrr. Some account of the valu-
able producftinns on the bunks of ihia
majeflic river, and the lands which it*
branches water, will be fecn under the
defcription of Louifiana, Weft Florida,
Tcnnefiie, Georgia, &c. &c. An illand of
cnnfiderahle fixe i» formed by its mouths,
befidcs many fmallef 1(1«. Thefe mouths
are fituated between t; c latitude of 39
and 30 N, and between the lonj^itude '.I
89 and 90 W. See Balizt.
Miffijifiti Ttrritory, Tht, if I jrmec of
the weftern part of the Stnte of Gcrgi*,
and is bounded N by Tcnneflcc, V by
the Miffifippi river, S by W. Florida, E
by the Appalachicola and Flint rivers.
The principal part of this country is in-
habited by the Creek, Cha«Staw, «." .' ;^-
faw and Cherokee nations of Indi ns. (t
was eredled into a Territorial govt nment
in 1800, and divided into three counties,
viz.
Wafliington,
>IHhab.
lajo
Pickering,
4940
Adams,
46^0
Total, 88jo, of
which number, 3489 are flaves. Natde*
is the capital. This country is water-
ed by many fine rivers, and contains
large tradts of fome of the beft land
in the United States. In Jan. 7, 1795, the
State of Georgia '"'Id about 30,000^00
acres of this Tc-'Kur., and afterwards
wickedly burnt the records of the trdnf-
adtion. The bufinefs is in <-i train of ad-
juflment before 9 Board of Commiflloncrtf
of the Unite' States.
Miffouri Rivtr, in Louifiana, falls inte
the TJfO.fippi from the weftward, 18
miles below themouth of the Illinois, 195
above the mouth of the Ohio, and about
1 160 miles from the Balize, or mouths
■oi the MifTifippi in the gulf of Mexico.
Hutchins fays it is navigable 1300 miles,
and larger than the Miffifippi.
Mijfourit, one of the Indian nations
who inhabit the banks of the above riv-
er, having, it is faid, 1500 warriors.
Mifiatc Bay, a large bay on the W fide
of the entraacc of Davis's Straits, and
f
«
■!■ '"^I '*«■
J
MOB
M O H
to tlie N of Hiidfon's Straits ; from
which it is I'eparatcd by a peniiiiula
of the N main on the W, and R(fo>
iution UlAvd en the S. It is to the
N E of Nicva llland, and N W of Cape
Elizabet!).
Mijlaken Cape, the S point of the eaft-
crnmofl uf the Hermit's IHands, is about
3 leagues E N E from Cape tlorn, at the
extremity of S. America. Between thel'e
it is fuppofcd there is a paOage into
Xtfaflaii Bay,
Mifiaken Po'tn*, to the weftw.ird of Cape
Race, at the S F. point of the Ifland of
Newfoundland, and to tlie eaftward of
Cape Pine, is fo called becaufc it ha^ been
frequently miftakcn by feamen tor Cape
Race when they iirft make the ifland from
the foutliward, though it is % leagues W
N W from it.
Mijlic, or Myflic, a fliort river which
falls into the N lidc of Bollon harbout,
by a broad mouth on the £ iide of tlic
peninfula of Charleftown. It is naviga-
ble for floops 4 miles to the induftiious
town of Medford ; and is eroded, a mile
above its mouth, by a bridge 130 rods
in length, and by another at its month.
The Middlefex canal conncdls this river
with the Merrimack.
Miu/jcU'j Eddy, the firft falls of Merri-
mack river, 20 miks from its mouth, and
8 above Haverhill. Thus far it is navi-
gable for fliips of burden.
Mitcbigamat, an Indian nation, who
with the Piorias inhabit near the ffttle-
nients in the Illinois country. See Fkrias,
Moagei Jflands, on the N coaft of S.
America, in the entrance of the Gulf of
Venezuela. Thejr extend from N to S,
and lie W of the idand of Aruba ; are 8
or 9 in number, and .ill, except one, Vow,
flat and full of trees. The fouthernmoft
is the large 0.
Mobile, a large navigable river, formed
by two main branches, tha Alabama, and
Tonibeckbee, in the fouthwcftcrrx part of
Georgia, juft below a confideraMc ifland,
the >S point of which is in about \,\X. 31
46 N, and long. 87 ss W'. Thence pur-
fuing a S courleinto W. Florida, the Cv)n-
flutnt flrcam enters the Gulf of Mtxiio
at Mobile Point in lat. ;;tc 17 N, 1 1 leagu( s
below the "-own of Mobile. I^arge veficls
cannot j;o within 7 miles of the town.
The breadth of the bay is in genera! about
3 or 4 leagues. Vaft numbers of large
alligators hafk on the flioro, as well as
i^ini in the rivers and lagoons. Sec
Georgia, Aiabiima, TovtbtMee, &c. From
the northeaAern fo«rce of the waters of
the Alabama to Mobile Point, at the
mouth of Mobile Bay, is, according to
the beil maps, about 460 miles : large
boats can navigate 350 miles, and canoes
much farther.
Mobile, a city of W. Florida, formerly
of confiderabie fplcndor and importance,
but now in a ftate nf decline. It is pret-
ty regular, of m» oblong figure, and fitua-
ted on the W bank of the river. The
Bay of Mobile terminates a little to the
northcaftward of the town, in a number
of marflies and lagoons ; which fubjc«Sl the
people to fevers and agues in the hot
ieafon. It is 33 miles N of Mobile Point,
about 40 below the jundlion of the two
principal branches of Mobile river, and
30 W N W of Penfacola. There are
many very elegant houfes here, inhabited
by French, Englifli, Scotch, and Irilh.
Fort Condc, wliich (lands very near tlic
bay, towards the lower end of the town,
is a regular fortrcfs of brick ; and there
is a neat fquare of barracks for the oth-
cers and folcliers. Mobile, when in pof-
ftilion of the Britifli, fent yearly to Lon-
don fkins and furs to the value of from
I z to ;^ t5,oco flcrling. It furrcndered to
the Spanilli forces in 1780.
Muhjack Buy, fets up N W from Chcf-
apeak Bay, into Gloucefter co. Virginia,
on the N fide of York river.
Macoa, a city of Terra Firma,S. Amer-
ica, fituated at the main fource of Oro-
noko river, there called Inirchia.
Mccomoio, or Little Oronoko, a river to
the S E of the great river Oronoko, on
the E coaft of S. America, 4 leagues wtft-
w;.id of Amacum.
Modcr and Davghters JJlands, a long
illand % leagues £ by S of the Father, or
Vaadcr Illand, with % fmall ones, fo call-
ed, near Cayenne, on the £ coaft of S,
America, not far from the Conftables,
and in about lat. 5 N, long. 52 W.
M'lghulbugbkitum, or MubulbucHtitum, a
creek which runs weftward to Alleghany
river, in Pennfylvania. It is paftable in
ftat-bottomed boats to the fctticments iu
Northumberland county. Wheeling is its
northern branch.
MJjaivl Bay, in Frederickfburg, Upper
Canniia, lies oppofite to the Mohawk fet-
tlemcnt, and clofe to the mouth of the
river Appanncc.
Mohaifk Rivtr, in N York, rifes to the
northward of Fort Stanwix, about 8 miles
from Black, or Sable R. a water of Lake
Ontario, and runs fouthwardly no miles
\. V '*
M O H
M O H
the
Lake
miles
to the fort, then eaftward no miles, and
after receiving many tributary nreamB,falls
into HudCon's river, hy three mouths op-
poiite to the cities of Lanilnburgh and
Troy.fromy to lomiitsNof Albany. The
produce that is conveyed down this riv-
er is landed at Schenc«flady, on it» S bank,
and is thence conveyed by land i6 miles,
over a barren, Tandy, fliriib plain, to Al-
bany. It is in contemplation cither to
cut a canal from Schcne<5tddy to the nav-
igable waters of Hudlon's river, or to ef-
tablifli a turnpike road between Schenec-
tady and Albany. This fine river is now
navigable for boats, from Schcnetftady,
nearly or quite to its fource, the locks
and canals round the Little Falls, 56
miles above Albany, having been com-
pleted in the Autumn of 1795; i'o that
itoats full loaded now pafs them. The
canal round them is nearly ^ of a mile,
cut almod the whole diilance through
am uncommonly hard rock. The open-
ing of this navigation is of great advan-
tage to tlic commerce of the State. A
fhorc of at lead 1000 miles in length is,
in confequence of it, waflicd by boatable
waters, exclufivc of all the great lakes ;
and many millions of acres of excellent
tillage land, rapidly fettling, are accom-
modated with water communication for
conveying their produce to market. The
intervals on both fides of this river are
of various width ; and, now and then in-
terrupted by the projedlion of the hills
quite to the banks ot the river, are fome
of the tichcfland licft lands in the world.
The fine farms which embrace thtfc in-
tervals, are owned and cultivated princi-
pally by Dutch people, whofe mode of
managing them would admit of great im-
provement. The manure of their barns
they coniider ac anuifance, and inflead of
fprcading it on their upland, which they
think of little value, (their meadow lands
do not require it) thiy either let it remain
for years in heaps, and remove their
barns when accefs to them becomes diffi-
cult, or elfe throw it into the river, or the
gullies and ftreams which communicate
with it. The banks of this river were
formerly thickly fctrlcd with Indians.
At the period when Albany was fiifl fet-
tled, it i>as been faid by refpci^able au-
thority, that there were 8ao warriors in
SchenciStady ; and that 3C0 warriors liv-
ed within a fpace which is now occupied
ac one farm. The Cohuez in this river
are a great curiofity ; they are 3 miles
from it* entrance into the Hudfou. The
river is about 1000 feet wide ; the fOCfc
over which it pours, ar. over a mill.dani,
extends from S \V to N E almofl in a line
from one lide of the river to the other,
and is about 40 feet perpendicular height,
Hud including the defcent above, the fall
is as much a.s 60 or 70 I'eet. About a
mile below the falls, is a handfomc bridge,
flniflied in Ju!y, 1795. It is iioo feet iu
length, 24 in breadth, and 15 feet above
the bed of the river, which for the moft
part is rock, and is fupported by thirteen
folid ftone pillars. Including the cxpenfe
of cutting through a ledge on the N £
' fide of the river, it colt j 2,coo dollars.
; It is now out of repair. The river im-
j mediately below the bridge divides into
j three branches, which form feveral large
■ iflands. "^I'he branches are forii,il-le at
lew water, but are dangerous. From the
bridge you have a fine view of the Co-
! hoez on the N W.
I Mbbatci, or Coalijuago, a branch of Del-
I aware river. Its courl'e from its fource in
Lake Uifayanthc is S W45 miles, tliciice
S E 12 miles, when it mingles with the
Popachton branch ; thence the confluent
(Ircam is called Delaware.
Mohaivk, formerly a town on the S fide
of the river of its name, in Montgonitry
CO. N. York, fituated in one of the moft
fertile countries in the world. It wris
abandoned by the Mohawk Inc^ians in
the fpring of 1780, See Kunler I'uit, and
Flotida,
Moljatvkt, an Indian nation, r.cknowl-
edged by the other tribes of the Six Na- •
tions to be " the true old heads of the
confederacy." They were formerly very
powerful, and inhabited rn Mohawk riv-
er. As they were ftmngly attached to
the Johnfon family, on account of Sir
William Jotialoii, a part of thtmeniigta- •
ted to Canada with Sir Joliii Johnlon, as
early as the year 1776. About 300 of
this nation now rcfidc in Upper Canada. ■
See Hunter Furt, and Hlx NnUoitt,
MiLiiivt SritUment, bay of Quiiiti, U.
Canada is W of Richmond, and compre-
heiided between the river Shannon and '
Bowen's creek.
Mihoivk nilage, on the Grsr d River,
or Oufe in Upper Canada, is the piinci-
pal village of the Six Nations, in the tratT:
purehaftd from the MiflVfljiga n.it'on lor
thtm by his prefmt ni;ijifiy, on account
of their loyalty and attaihnitiit during
the late revolution, in whith they iolt
their polTcflion."! on the Milifvl river.
This trat^ is lOO miki> long, and 1 : wide,
■' - ■ inUrlttlcd
i;f >
f»'
it
J**
M O L
M O N
intcrfcAed by Grand River, from its
mouth in Lake Eric upwards. This is
the refidence of their principal chief,
Capt. Jofeph Brant. The village is beau-
tifully lituated, has a neat church with a
fleeple, a fchool houfe, and a council
houfe ; and not far from it is a grift and
faw mill. Thefe buildings have for the
moft part been eredled by government,
who now pay a miller, fchoolmader, and
a blackfmith, for their fervices at the vil-
lage ; and the fociety for propagating the
gofpcl make an allowance to a clergy-
man, of the eflHblifhed church, for occa-
fional vifits made to thefe tribes. The
liturgy of the church of England has been
tranflatcd into the Mohawk language, and
printed for the aSc of the Six Nation In-
flians. Smyth.
In 1800, this nation, the Seneca and
Oneida Pagans, revived their cuftom of
facrificing white dogs to their gods, which
}iad been ncgledted 30 years ; on the
ground that the neglcdl of this facrifice
had been one caufe of their various mif-
fortunes.
Jk2«i((>^an,rituated between Norwich and
New London, in Conne<flicut. This is
the refidence of the remaining few of the
Mohegan tribe of Indians. A conildera-
ble part of the remains of this tribe late-
ly removed to Oneida with the late Mr.
Oceom. See Brotbirttnvn.
Mobitctify a tribe of Indians who in-
habit on a branch of the Snfquehannah,
between Chagnet and Owegy. They were
reckoned by Hutchins, about 30 years
ago, at 100, out by Imlay, in 1 773, at only
70 fighting men. They were formerly a
confederate tribe of the Delawares. Alfo
an Indian tribe, in the N W Territory,
who inhabit near Sanduflcy, and between
the Sciota and Muikingura. Warriors,
6a
Mom/, a river uf Louifiana, which emp-
ties from the N W into the Mit&fippi, in
lat. 40 %o N. The Sioux Indians defcend
by this river.
Moijie Xivtr, on the N fliore of the St.
Liwrence in L. Canada, a little E of the
Seven Iflands.
Male, The, is fituated in the N W part
of the ifland of St. Domingo, « leagues £
of Cape St. Nicholas, and is often called
by that name. The Moie, though infe-
rior by a great deal, to Cape Francois
and Port au Prince, is the flrft port in
the ifland for fafcty in timi' of war, being
ftrongly fortified both by nature and art.
Count D'Eftiting, under whofe dirctStion
thefe works were conftrudled, intended
to have eftablilhed here the feat of the
French government ; but the produdtions
of its dependences were of too little value
to engage his fuccelTors to carry his plan
into tScA ; fo that it is now no more than
a garrifon. It has a beautiful and fafe port,
j and is confidered as the healthicft fitua-
tion in St. Domingo, by reafon of the pu-
rity of its fprings. The exports from
Jan. I, 1789 to December 3X,of the fame
year, were only a45»6i5lb. coffee — 26,861
lb. cotton— 2,8231b. indigo, and other
fmall articles to the value of 129 livres.
The value of duties on exportation 1,250
dollars 21 cents. It is 4 leagues W of
Jean Rabcl, ix N W of Bombardc, 36 W
of Cape Francois, and 17^ W by S of Port
de Paix. N lat. 19 50, W long. 75 48.
Moline's Gut, on the S W fide of the
iflaiKl of St. Chriftopher'g in the W.Indies,
is the firft rivulet to the S E of Brimftone
Hill, near the mouth of which is anchor-
age in 5 and 10 fathoms,and a clear fliore;
tnit to the eaftward of it are £bme funken
rocks.
AfoHtfOr La Gumon, or Tbe Mme, a fmal!
ifland, i ii( leagues S W of Point I'Epee,
which is the fouthwefternmoft point of
the ifland of St.l)omingo, and I4f leagues
W of the S W point of the ifland of Porto
Rico. It is 1 leagues from E to W and a
little more from N to S. It has feveral
ports for fmall vcflfels, plenty of good
water, and all that would be neceflary
for fettlemcnts of culture, and the breed-
ing of cattle. Its fruit trees, and partic-
ularly the orange, are much extolled. A
league and a half N W of Mona is a very
fmall ifl^md, called Moni<2ue,or the Little
Monkey.
Monadnock, Great, a mountain fituated
in Chefhirc co. N. Hampfliirc, between
the towns of Jaffrey and Dublin, xo miles
N of MafTachufetts line, and Z2 miles £
of ConneAicut river. The foot of the
hill is 1395 feet, and its fummtt 3254 feet,
above the level of the fea. Its bafe is 5
miles in diameter from N to 8, and 3
from E to W. On the fides are fomc ap-
pearances of fubterraneous fites. Its fum-
mit is a bald rock.
Monmlnoek, Upper Great, a high moun-
tain, in Canaan, in the N £ corner of the
State of Vermont.
Monaban, a townihip in York co. Penn-
fylvania.
Monday Bay, on the S fliofc of the
it-aits of Magellan, In that part of the
(haiti caUed the Long Beach.
It i( near-
ly
ty S of B
the ftrait,
ao fathom
Monday
leagues W
53 i», W
Mong^m.
S. Pacific i
barbour ol
fiermejo n
former pla
it. Meng(
mountain j
than any o
Mongen,
of St.Domii
fialioruco
nearly S of
A&nbega/
in the Atlai
eriy of Pen
Maine, and
a number o
St. George's
ed his party
aeys and rei
to be leen.
Meneteu ^
lie towards 1
towards its ]
Tcr Ifland;.
Mouitam,
Vermont, E
ants.
MOttitOK, I
Nova Scotia]
a few familie
partly on tJ
partly on
chiefly of wd
contains abc
MoHclavaX
ikmerica, fit[
MonmouthX
}tTU:Y, of a
length, and
bounded nI
W by Middl
and £ by tH
6 townfliipgJ
tants, incluq
of the countl
but few hillJ
we the highl
tre-Hill. Sc^
the county ;
parts arc fer
cave» now iil
fink river, 3 j
contain* tl»
If h
M O N
M O N
ly S of Buckley Pointy on the N fide of
the (Irait, and affords good anchorage in
ao fathoms.
Monday, a cape in the above Straits, 7
leagues W N W of Cape North. S iat
53 14, W long. 75 10.
Moitgm, on the coail of Peru, on the
S. Pacific Ocean, is xo leagues N of the
barbour of Gu*rmey, and 4 leagues from
Bcrmejo Ifland, which lies between the
former places. Cafma is 4 leagues Nof
it. Mongon is known at fea by a great
mountain juftover it^which is feeii farther
than any others on this part of the coaft.
Mongon, Cape, on the S iidc of the ifland
of St.Domingo, is 30QO fathoms N of Point
Balioruco and the river Nayauco, and
nwrly S of the little part of Petit Trou.
MmbegoH, or Mtnbegan^ a fmali ifland
in the Atlantic Ocean, i z miles foutheaft-
erly of Peroaquid Point, in Lincoln co.
Maine, and in lat. 4 3 43. North of it are
a number of fmall iflcs at the mouth of
St. George's river. Captain Smith land*
ed his party here in 1614. The chim'
neys and remains of the houfes are yet
to be Ceen.
Manetmi IJlands, in the N W Territory,
Ke towards the £ fide of Michigan Lake,
towards its N end, and fouthward of Bea-
ver Iflands.
MiMktQit, a pofl: town in Addifon co.
Vermont, £ of Ferriiburg, loSo inhabit-
ants.
Manktom, a townfhip in Annapolis co.
Nova Scotia, inhabited by Acadians, and
a few families from New England. It lies
partly on the bafon of Annapolis^ and
partly on St. Mary's Bay, and confids
chieny of wood-land and fait marfh. It
contains about 60 families.
Motulava, a town of New Leon, N.
America, fituated S £ of Conchos.
MoHmouiby a large maritime co> of N.
Jerf«y, of a triangular fhape, 80 miles in
length, and from 25 to 40 in breadth ;
bounded N by part of Raritan Bay, N
W by Middlcfex co. S W by Burlington,
and £ by the ocean. It is divided into
6 townfliipg, and contains 19,87'Z inhabi-
tants, including 1633 (laves. The face
of the county is generally level, having
but few hills. The mod noted of thefc
ate the high lands of Navefink nnd Cen-
tre-Hill. See MiMiioiun. A great part of
the county is- of a fandy foil ; but other
parts are fertile. There is a very cunous
cave» now in ruins, at the mouth of Nave-
fink river, 30 feet long and 15 wide, and
contain* three acchcd a^Mtmeats.
Mtnmoutb, or trethold, a pod town and
capital of the above eo. iituated zz milea
N £ by £ of AUcntown, 34 £ of Tren-
ton, 14 S W by S of Shrcwlbury, and 64
N £ by £ of Philadelphia. It contains a
court-houfe, gaol, and a few compa(fl^
dwelling houfes. Here is a Prcfbytetian
and Baptid mectinghoufe. This town i»
remarkable for th« battle fought within
its limits June 47, 1778, between the
armies of General Wafhington, and Sir
Henry Clinton. The latter having evac-
uated Philadelphia, was on his march to
New York. The lofs of the Americans^
in killed and wounded, was about 250 ;
that of the Britidi, inclufiveof prifoners,
was about 350. The Britifli purfued
their Qiatch the night after, without the
lofs of their covering party or baggage;.
See BteeloU,
Monmoutb, a pod town in Lincoln coi
fituated on the £ fide of Androfcoggiii
river, 16 miles W by S of Hallowell court-
houfe, 49 N of Portland, and has 70E
inhabitants.
Monmoutb Cape, on the £ fide of the
Straits of Magellan.
Monmoutb JJla/ul, one of the four ifland»
uf Royal Reach, in the Straits of Magel-
lan, and the fecond from the weftward.
Monocacy, a river, which, after a S S W
courfe, empties into the Patowmac, about
50 miles above Georgetown.
Mtmongabela River, a branch of the
Ohio, 400 yards wide at its jundlion with
the Alleghany at Pittfburg. It is decp^
gentle and navigable with batteaux anct
barges beyond Red Stone Creek, and ftill
further with lighter craft. It rife* at the
foot of the Laurel Mountain in Virginia;
thence meandering in a N by £ diredlion,
pafl!es into Pennfylvania, and receives
Cheat river from the S S E, thence wind-
ing in a Nby W courfe, feparates Fayette
and Weftmoreland from Wafliington co.
and palling into Alleghany co. joins the
Alleghany river at Pittfburg and form»
the Oiiio. It is 300 yards wide iz or 15
miles from its mouth, where it receives
the Voughiogany from the S E, which is^
navigable with batteaux and barges toi
the foot of Laurel hill. Thence to Red
Stone, at Fort Byrd, by water is 50 miles,
by land 30. Thence to the mouth of
Cheat rivpj, by water 40 miles, by land
28; the width continuing at 300 yards,
and the navigation good for boats. Thence
the width is about zoo yards to the wed-
ern fork, 50 miles higher, and the navi-
gaftioa-fce^uently interrupted by rapid.«;
wbiehj
M N
M O N
■which, however, with a fwcll of « or 3
feet, become very pafTablc for boats. It
then admits light boats, except in dry fea-
fons, 65 miles further, to the head of Ty-
gart's Valley, prefcnting only feme fmall
rapids and f^Ilsof i or a feet perpendic-
ular, and lefTcning in its width to 20
yards. The wcftern fork is navigable in
the winter, towards the northern branch
of the Little Kanhawa, and will admit
a good waggon road to it. From the
navigable waters of the foutheaflernmoft
branch of the Monongshcla, there is a
portage of 10 miles to the S branch of Pa-
towmac river. The hills oppofite Pittf-
burg on the hanks of tiiLs river, which are
at leaft ,,00 feet high, appear to be one
folid body of coal. On the Pike Run of
this river, a coal hill has been on iire 10
years ; yet It lias burnt away only 20
yards.
MonengaFia, a co. in the N W psrt of
Virginia, al)out 40 miles long, and 30
broad, and contains 854c inhabitants.
Monpox, a city of Terra Firma, about
IS niiies S E by E of Tolu.
Monroe, a CO. of Virginia, taken from
Green Briar, on the S fide. At the court-
houfe is a poll olBce, 320 miles from
Wafliington.
Monfajsr Bay, in Lincoln co. Maine, is
feparated from Shccplcut river by the
illapfl of Jercmyfq'iam.
Jlfonp,,}, A towniliip in H;(nipfliire co.
^afllichiifc'tts. E of I5rimfielcl.
Af.m/ief, the third trihe in rank of the
Delaware nation of lndi;ins.
Montague, atowpfliip in Hur.iptiiire co.
Mafiachuietcs.on the E Iwnk ol CoaiictT:!-
cut R. abov- .Sunderland, about t8 Tni'*;s
N of North<imptoii, and 90 miles W by
N of Boftoii. It was incorporated in
1753, and contains 1222 inhabitants. A
bridge unitt"; tliis town with Greenfield,
which is on the oppolite fide of the river.
It confifls of f<>vir arclics, and is 620 feet
long Piid 30 wide.
Mo::!a^ur, the northerimofl townfliip
in N. Tcrfey, is iituatcd in Siill'ex co. 0:1
the E fiJe nf Dchwarc R. ;\bo'vt 5 miles
N E ot Minifink, and i" N ot Newtowo.
Muiilariif, the l!i-i>c;ft of the fm:!'l
idar.ds in Prince W'l Ilium's .Soniid, on the
N W court ot Nortli Amti-ica,
Montdjue 'Town /i) if), in U. Canada. I its
partly in liie <■(). :>( Grcem'ille, Miii \wrt.
iy in Lc • 's, to the n.'uthwar'! in' Wol-
forJ. ;• kl i.. wailicd i>V tiic ris'tr Railc.iu.
^■■•invii- P'jint, the cafterii ix'rem-
ity of Long Ml^ndj N. Vork. A trad
here, called Turtle Hill, han been ceJeJ
to the U. States for thepurpofe of build-
ing a light-houfe thereon.
hay, town, and!
the ifland of St.
a very high hill,
led by the French,
It is lituated in
ng- 74 9 30 W of
land joins it to
Jhrirt, and it is
ipe has been ta-
14 leagues N £
'here it may be
Monte Cbrijt, a cap"
river, on the N fide o-
Domingo. The cape .
in the form of a tent, e ■:
Cape la Grange, or Batr
lat. 19 54 30 N, and in
Paris. A ftrip of leve
the territory of Monte
owing to this that the
ken for an Ifland. It i
by E of Cape Francois,
feen in a clear dav, witli the naked eye
After doubling this cape, we find the bay
of Monte Chrift running nearly S W.
It is formed by Cape la Grange; on one
fide, and Pointe des Dunes (Down Point)
on the other ; about 6,500 fathoms afun-
der. The bay is about 1400 fathoms-
deep, and its winding is nearly 4 leagues.
About 900 fathoms from the cape, de-
fcending the bay, we find the little illand
of Monte Chrift, 350 fathoms from the
fliorc. One may fail between the two,
with 2, 4 and 5 fathoms water ; and about
150 fathoms further on, is anchorage in
from 6 to to fathoms* A league and a
quarter from Cape La Grange, is a batte-
ry intended to protet?t a landing placer
of 100 fathoms wide, which is below, and
oppoGte the town of Monte Chrift- The
town of Monte Chrift, ftandiiig at 800
fathoms from the fea fide, rifes in an am-
phitheatre on the fide of the coaft, which
is very high all round this bav.. The
town ;3 200 f.ithoms fquare, which fpace
i.s divided into 9 parts, cut by tw» ftreets
"iirunf troni E to W, and two Others
frc::i N to S. It was founded in 1533,
ab-indoned fn 1606, and is now but a poor
place, deftitute of every refource but that
of cattle railed in its territory, and fold
to the French. The town and territory
contain about 3,000 fouls. There is a
trifling garrifon at Monte Chrift. About
a Icijoue from the battery, following the
winding of the bay, is the river of Monte
Chrift, or more properly, the river Yaqui.
The !and round the town is barren and
frmdy ; and the river contains great num-
bers of crocodiles. Monte Chrift is a
;ii>rt well known to American fr.iugglers,
;ifi c.irriis o;; a great commerce, from its
^■icinity to the French plantations. In
<\\t time of pi^acc, all the produce of thj
;ih)in ot Maril;()ux, lituated between Port
Dc'upJiiii and Mancenillc Bay, is fhipped
here, und in a war between France and
Britain*
M O N
M O N
■%
^Britain, it ufcd to be a grand market, to
which all the French' in the north part of
the ifland lent their produce, and where
purchafers <vcrc always ready.
Monte CbtiJI, a chain of mountains
which extend parallel to the nc^rth coaft of
the ifland of St. Domingo, from the bay
of Moate Ch'rift, to the bay of Samana on
the E. Two large rivc»s run in oppofitc
direiSttons along the fouthern fide of this
chain. The river Monte Chrift or Ya-
q\i€ in a W by S diredlion, and Yuna
river in an £ by S courfe to the bay of
Samana. They both rife near La Vega,
and have numerous branches.
Montega Bay, is on the N tee of the
ifland of Jamaica, ao miles E by N of Lo-
cea harbour, and at W of Martha Brae.
This was formerly a flouriihing and opu-
fent town ; it canfided of aaj houl'es, 33
of which were capital (Vores, and contain-
ed about 6do white inhabitants. The
number of topfail veflcls which cleared
innually at this port were about 150, of
which 70 were capital fliips; but in this
account are included part of thofe which
Entered at Kingflon. This fine town was
almoil totally defl^oyed by an accidental
fire, in July, 1795; the damage was cAi-
ihated at ^200,000 (lerling.
, MoHteray^a. ba'y and fort of California.
In the bay whales fpor< in great^'numbcrs ;
fogs bften obfciirc the coaft. The gov-
ernor of ^e Cafifornias reGdes here.
With a8a cavalry he keeps in awe jo.ooo
Indians ; io.boo of thefe* havi embraced
Chriftianity, Sec California:
Monievideoy 4 bay and town Of L« Pla-
ta or Paragiiay, in S. America, fltitatcd
6n the northern fide of La Plata river,
it lat 34 30 S. It lies eaft of Buenos
Ayrcs.and has its nam'c from a mountain
which overlooks it, about a<3 leagues
from Cape Santa Maria, at the mouth of
tfhe Plata.
Montgomery, a count^ in the Upper dif-
triCl of Georgia, on the N E fide of Alata-
ftiaha river,' W of Liberty co. containing
3,1 80 inhabitants, divided into i» towns.
Montgomery, a county of N. York, firft
Called Tryon, changed to Montgon»cry
in 1784, by aA of the Legifliiturev It
contains 94,483 inhabitants. It is bound-
ed W by Hcrkemer, E by Saratoga, S by
Schoharie. Chief town, Johnftoo.
Montgomery , a townfliip in Ulfter co.
New York, W of New Windfor and New-
burgh.
Montgomery, a fort in: N. York State,
fituated in the High Lands, on the W
Voi. I. Mm
bank of Hudfon's river, on the N fide of
Fopelop's creek, on which are fome iron
works, op|V)(ite St. Anthony's Nofe, 6
miles S of Weft Point, and 5 a above N.
York city. The fort is now in ruins ; it
was reduced by the Britini in 0<Slol>cr,
'7. See Aiiiiiony't Niife.
Montgomery, a townfhip in Franklin co.
Vermont. Ir ia watered by Trout river,
a S branch of Miflifcoui, and has 36 in-
habitants.
Montgomery, a townfliip in Hampfliire
CO, Maffachufctts, 15 miles from Boflon.
It was incorporated in 17 80, and containii
560 inhabitants.
Montgomery, a county in Pcnnfylvani*,'
33 miks in length, and 17 in breadth, N
W of Philadelphia co. It is divided into
28 townlhips, and contains 24. 150 in-
habitants. In this county are 96 grift-
mills, 61 faw-mllls,4 forges, 6 fulling-mills.'
and to paptr-niills. Chief town, Norri^
town.
Montgcmtry, a townfliip in the above;
CO. where is a port ofli'ce. There is alfd
a townfliip of this name in Franklin co.
Montgomery, a CO. in S^Iifljury diftridf,
N.Carolina, containing 7,677 inhabitants,
including 1373 flavcs.'
Montgomery^ i county of Virginia, S of
Botetourt CO.' If is about too miles iiit
length, and 44 iii breadth, and has fomc
lead mines. It contains 8,076 free inhab-
itants, and 968 (lives. Chief town, Chrifi
tianburg. The court houfe is a8 milet
from Anfo'n court houfe, 46 Irom Wythe
court ho-afe, and 40 from Salifljury. It
is OR the poft road from Richmond' ttf
Kentucky. A port office is kept Meti,
Montgomery, a county of Maryland, oxi
Patowmac river.. It contains I5,0j8 in-
habitants, including. 6,28?^ flaves; The
court hoiife is a8 miles S E by S of Fred-
erickftown, 14 Nby W of Georgetown
on the Patowmac, and 35 Ibuthwefterly
of Baltimore. Here is a port rtltlce.
Montrromery, a county inTenntfTcc State,
Mero diftri<fl. This and Robertfon cO.
are the territory, formerly called Tennef-
fee County, the name of which ceafes fince
the State ha<r taken that name. It i«
bounded on the N by Kentucky, on the
S and W by the Indian boundary, on the
E by DaVidfoii and Robertfon <:ountie«.
It is' watered by Ctimberland and Red
rivers. It contains 2,899 inhabitants.
Montgomery, a county of Kentucky,
containing ^i999 inhabitants, of whom
749 are l)aves. At the court houfe it a
poft oiSce.
Afmtmoriii,
1
^v
M O N
MOO
Montmor'Wf a new town on tlie N hank
of Ohio river, 18 miles below Pittlburg,
Atuated on a beautiful plain, very fertile,
and abounding with coal.
Mnntpelier, a poft town in Caledonia
CO. Vermont, on the N E fide of Onion
R. It is 43 miles W from L. Champlain;
Montreal, the fecond city in rank in L.
Canada, (lands on an illand in the river
St. Lawrence, which is 10 leagues in
length and 4 in breadth, and has its name
from a very high mountain about the
aiiddlc of it, which it feems to ovtrlook
like a monarch from his throne; hence
the French called it Mont-real, or Royal
Mountain. While the French had poflcf-
Con of Canada, both the city and iHand
of Montreal belonged to private proprie-
tors, who had improved them fo well
that the whole ifland had become a de-
lightful fpr)t, and produced every thing
that could adminifter to the convenience
of life. The city, around which is a very
good wall, built by Louis XlV.of France,
forms an oblong fquare, divided by regu-
lar and' well formed ftreets ; and when
taken by the Britifli, the houfes were
built in a very handfome manner ; and
every houfe might be fccn at on view
from the harbour, or from the fouthern-
mod fide of the river,, as the hill on the
fide of which the town (lands falls grad-
ually to the water. Montreal contains
about 600 houfes, few of them elegant ;
but fince it fell into the hands of the Brit-
ifli in 1760, it has fuffered much from
fire. A regiment of men are (Rationed
here, and the government of the place
borders on the military. It is about half
a league from the S fhore of the river,
170 miles S W of Quebec, Trois Rivieres
being about half way ; 1 10 N by W of
Crown Point ; .^08 N by W of Bofton,
•nd 350 N by £ of Niagara. N lat. 45
35, W long 73 II. See 5/. Lawrence.
The river St. Lawrence is about 3 miles
widest Montreal There' is an iOand
near the middle of the river, oppofite the
city, at the lower end of which is a mill
with 8 pair of (tones, all kept in motion,
at the fame time, by i wheel. The works
are faid to have coft £11,000 fterling.
A large mound of (lone, &c. built out in-
to the river, (tops a fufficiency of water
to keep the mill in continual motion.
Montreal, a river which runs nort head-
ward into Lake Superior in U. Canada,
on the fouthern fide of the lake.
Montreal Bay lies towards the E end of
Lake Superior, having an ifland at the N
W fide of its entrance^ and N E of Cari-
bou illand.
Montreal IJle, in the E end {)f lake Su-
peiior in U. Canada, is fmall and fituated
between the mouths of the rivers Mont-
real and Charrion, and near to the Ihorc.
Mintrouh, a town in the W part of the
irtand of St. Domingo, at the head of the
Bight of Lcogane, 5 leagues S E of St.
Mark, and 15 N W of Port au Prince.
Mont/errotfOne of the Carribbee ifiands,
and the fmalleftiof them in the Atlantic
Ocean. Columbus difcovered it in 149."..
It is of an oval form, 3 leagues in length,
and as many in breadth, containing about
30,000 acres of land, of which almoft jds
are very motiiitainou«, or very barren.
The cultivation- of fugar occupies 6,000
acres ; cotton, provifion and pafturage
have 3,COO acres allotted for each. No
other tropical ftaplcs arc raifed. The
produdlions were, on an average, from
1784 to 178^, 3,737 hhds. of fugar, of 16
cwt. each, 1,107 puncheons of rum, ^^^
375 bales of cotton. The total export*
from Montfcrrat and Nevis in 1787 were
in value £214,141 : 16 : 8, of which the
value of ;^ 1 3.981 : iz-i 6 was exported
to the American States. The inhabitants
of Montferrat amount to 1,300 whites,
and about 10,000 negroes. The fird fet-
tlers, in 1633, were Irifhinen, and the
prefent inhabitants are chiefly their de-
scendants, or other natives of Ireland
fince fettled there, by which means the
Irifli language is prefetved there even
among the negroes. The ifland is fur-
rounded with rocks, and' tlie riding be-
fore it is very precartous and dangerous
on the approach of a tornado, having no
haven. It has only 3 roads, viz. Ply-
mouth, Old Harbour, and Ker*s Bay ;
where they are obliged to obfcrvc ilic
fame methods as at St. Chriflopher's in
loading or unloading the vcffeh.. It liet
30 miles S W of Antigua ; the fame dif-
tance S £ of Nevis, and i»fubje(5t to Great
Britain. N lat. 16 47, W long. 62 iz.
Montjiaugt, a river or bay in Lincoln-
CO. Maine, which communicates with the
rivers Sheepfcut and Kennebeck.
ikfo/i/wV/^.a townfliipin N.London co.
Coniiei5licut, about 10 miics N of New
London. It has 2,231 inhabitants.
Monument Bay,.on the E coaft of Maf-
fachufetts, is formed by the bending of
Cape Cod. It is fpacious and convenient
for the protedlion of (hipping.
Moore, a county of N. Carolina, Fay-
ette diflridt. It contains 4.,767 inhabit-
ants,
**!(>, includ
Alfordflon.
poft office is
<lolph court
and 391 froi
Mooteficld,
in N. JcVley,
phia.
Moore Foi t
olina, is a fli
pcn'dicular I-,
na fliore of ;
or 100 feet al
the water, e
picafing fpt«a
coloured cartl
red, brown, y
&-C. in horizi
other. A fort
the eredlion of
it flood a little
occupies the f{
Moore's Creel
ton, in N. Can
aid, with abou
fcated (after a
defpcrale enga
at the head o
M«Donald was
flower of his mi
MoorJSeldj, a 1
of Hardy co. V
fide of the S b
It contains a c<J
tween 60 and
from Romncy,
180 from F.icliJ
Moo/e Rhjer,i
river. Thiny .
on a fmall branl
lake, Mr. J. BrJ
and eredled mill
Mo'j/e River, ]
(hort diftance fij
water of lake
northeaftern coJ
miles from its iJ
and empties inl
James's Bay, "
niouth with .,
Fort, and a fal
J^outh of this ril
81 51 ; andBrul
bank about lat.f
torn of James's f
and river, on thJ
er on the E fldJ
timber trees of i
''cfides the pine]
Moofe river be
I
MOO
»n->, including 600 flavcs. Chief town,
Alfordfton. I'he court houfe, whtre a
port office is kept, is 38 milts from Ran-
iiolph court houfc, 40 from Fayettcville,
and ;;9i from Waihington,
Mnoiefield, or MotrrJUivn, a poft town
in N. Jerlcy, 13 miles eaftcrly ol Philadel-
phia.
Moare Foit, a phce fo called in S. Car-
olina, is a Aupendous hlufT, .or high pei-
pcn'dicular l-^nk of earth, on the Caroli-
na diure of Savannah river, perhaps 90
,or too feet above the common furfacc of
the water, exhibiting the fingiiiar and
picafing fptcStacIc to a ftrangtr, af parti-
coloured earths, chiedy clays and marl, as
red, brown, yellow, blue, purple, white,
&.C. in horizontal (Irata, one over the
other. A fort formerly flood here, before
the ereiflion of one at Augufta, from which
it ftood a little to the N K. The water now
Occupies the fpot on which the fort Qood.
Moore't Creek, is i6 miles from Wilming-
ton, in N. Carolina. Here Gen. MDun.
aid, with about 2,ooo royaliQs, were de-
feated (after a retreat of 80 miles, and a
dcfperale engagement) by Gen. Moore,
at the head of 800 continentals. Gen.
M'Donald was taken prifoner, and the
flower of his men killed.
Mtorfieldt, a poft town and the capital
of Hardy co. Virginia, iituated on the E
fide of the S branch of Patowmac river.
It contains a court houfc, a gaol, and be-
tween 60 and 70 houfes. It is 4j miles
from Romncy, 75 from Winchcflcr, and
180 from Richmond.
Maoft River, a generous branch of Black
river. Thiriy four miles from its mouth
on a fmall t>ranch, at the outlet of a fmall
lake, Mr. J. Brown has made a fettlement
and ercdled mills.
Mo'jff River, lifcs in Midnahe Lake, a
(hott diflance from Michipicotcn river, a
water of lake Superior, and purfues a
northeadern courfe, receiving, about xa
miles from its mouth, a large S branch,
and empties irito the fouthern part of
James's Bay, N. America, by the fame
mouth with Abbitibce river. Moofe
Fort, and a fadtory, are fituated at the
»»'outh of this river, N lat, 51 16, W long.
81 51 ; and Brunfwick Houfe is on its W
bank about lat. 50 30. Round the bot-
tom of James's Bay, from Albany Fort
and river, on the W fide, to Rupert's riv-
er on the E fide, the woods afford large
timber trees of various kinds, as oak, am,
belidcs the pine, cedar, fprucc, &c. Up
Moofe river beyond R'jnfwick Houfe i»
M O R
I'l a fall ofjo feet, above which it is deep and
navigable for a great diftance ; the foil
and the climate above the fall are faid t«
be very good
Mbofe River, a fliort dream in Graftoa
CO. N. Hampfliire, which runs northcad-
erly from the White Mountains into Am»
arifcoggin river.
Mu'jfehead Lake, or Moofe Pond, in Lin-
coin CO. Maine, is an irregular fliaped
body of water, which gives rife to the
caflern branch of Kennebeck river, which
unites with the other, above Norridgc-
wock, about ao miles fouth of the lake.
The lake is faid to l>€ three times as Urge
as L. George. There arc very high moun-
tains to the N and W of the lake; and
from thefe the waters run by many chan-
nels into the St. Lawrence.
Motfebillock, the higl)c(l of the chain of
mountains in N. Haxnpfbire, tJbe White
Mountains excepted. It take* it» name
from its having been formerly a remark-
able range for moofe, and lies 70 mile*
W of the White Mountains. From its
N W fide proceeds Baker's river, a branch
of Pemigewaflet, which is the principal''
branch of Merrimack. On this moun-
tain fnow has been fecn from the
town of Newbury, Vermont, on the 30th
of June and 31ft of Augud ; and on the
mountains intervening, fnow, it is faid,
lies the whole year.
Mooft IJland, on the coaft of Maine, at
the mouth of Schoodick river, contains
about 30 families. On the S end of this
ifland is an excellent harbour fuitable
for the conftru<Stion of dry docks. Com-
mon tides rife here 25 feet.
Moofup River, rifes in Fofter, Rhode
Ifland, and runs S into Coventiy ; there
meeting another branch, it turns fird ead*
erly,then northerly, crolTes the S W cor
ner of Fodcr into Killingly in Connetfti-
cut, then turns S W and runs into Plain-
^eld, where it unites with the Quinabaug.
It is a large, rapid dream, and furniflie*
a variety of excellent mill feats.
MoroHt Keyt, off the ifland of Jamaica,
in the W. Indies. N lat. l^ 47, W long.
75 35.
Morant Point, the mod eadcrly pro-
montory of the ifland of Jamaica. On
the N fide of the point is a harbour of the
fame name. From Point Morant it is
uCual for fhips to take their departure
that are bound through the Windward
Padage, or to any part of the W end of
the ifland of St. Domingo. N lat. 17 58,
W long. 76 10,
» ii-^..., Morant
M O R
Mnr/iml Htritur,Port, is about 4 league*
preftward of Point Morant, on the S coafl
of the ifland of JninHica. Before the
inouth of it is a fmall idand, called Good
Ifland, and a fort on each point of the
entrance.
Morant River, is a leagues weftward of
the W point of Point Morant. The land
here forms a bay, with anchorage along
f he flibre.
' Moravian Killn^e, on the fiver Thames
in U. panada, is in the 4th tuwnfliip from
its mduth; it is an irregular built villsge,
of one ftrcet, with indifferent wooden huts
iand a fmall chapel ; inhabited by Indians
ieonverted to the Moravian faith, and
thtfir paftors ; who confid of four milfion-
aries from the United Brethren. The In-
Idians are peaceable and civil ; their ptin-
ciplal employment is in attending; to their
Icorn-fields, and to the making of maple
fu^ar. Above the village, on the river, is
ia targe fpring of pctrolium. Smyth.
"' Morena, a cape on the coaft of Chili,
& America, is in lat. 13 45 S, and 15
leagues N E of Cape George. The bay
between thef6 capes fcems very defirablc
to ftrangers to go in ; but in a N W
\vind is very dangerous, bccaufe the'wind
blows right on the fliore, and makes a
very heavy fea in the road. Here is a
very convenient harbour, but exceeding-
ly Bittdyr, where a good fhip might be
careened. ' > . — •
' Mortna Morra, on the coad of Chili, S.
Aitierlca, in iat. 23 S, and ao leagues due
8 of the N point of the bay of Atacama.
Mort, a townfhip in Northupiberland
CO. Pennfylvania.
Moreland., the name of two townfliips
of Pennfylvania ; the one in Philadel-
phia CO. the other in that of Montgom-
ery, adjoining each other. In this town-
ihip are the towns of Willow Grove, and
Katfborough.
■■ Morgan Di/lriSi,\n N.CaroliQa,is hound-
ed W by the State of Tenneflee, and S
by the State of S. Carolina. It is divided
)nto the counties of Burke, Wilkes, Ruth-
erford, Lincoln, and Buncomb ; contains
49,184 inhabitants, including 4,643 Oaves.
Mergantown, a pod town abfi the chief
town of the above di(lri<5l, is in Burke co.
near Catiabaw river. ' Here are about
30 houfes, a court houfe and gaol. It is
45 ntiles fl-om Wilkes,°46 irom Lincoln-
town, 113 from Salem, and 66i from Phil-
kdelphia. N lat, 35 47. "-'■'
Morgontotvn, a pod to^n of Virginia,
and ihire town of Monongalia co. iQtuatcd
^ O R
on the E fide nf Monongahela river, abo)tt
7 ntilet S by W of the mouth of Cheat riv-
er, and contains a court houfe, a Done
g^ol, and about 40 houfes. It ifi 30 miles
from Brownfville, 14 irofn Union Town,
in Pcnpfylvania, 76 from Cumberland in
Maryland, and 319 from Philadelphia.
Morgans, a fettlenient in Kentucky, 38
miles E of Lexington, and 18 N E of
Boonfborough.
M<-r^anza, a. town in Wafliington co.
Pernfyivania, fituatcd in, and almoft fur-
rounded by the E and W branches of
Charter's river, including the point of
their confluence; 13. miles S of Pittlburg,
and on the port road from thence to Wafli-
ington, the county town.diftant )0 miles.
Boats carrying from 2 to 300 barrels of
flour, have been built at Morganza, laden
at the mill tail there, and fent down the
Chartiers into the Ohio, and fo to New
Orleans. By an adl of the legiflature of
Pennfylvania, the Cbartiert, from the Ohio
upwards as far as Morganza, is declared
to be a highway. This town is Tut round-
ed by a rich country, where numbers of
grift and faw mills arc already built ; and
the lands in its environs veil adapted to
agriculture and grazing ; and is fpoken
of as a country that is or will be the rich-
eft in Pennfylvania.. Morganza, from its
fituation and other natural advantages,
muft beccuie the centre of a great manu-
fadluring country; cfpecially as confld-
crable ixidics of iron ore, of a fuperior
quality, have been already difcovered in
the neighbourhbod, and nave been aiTay-
ed. The high waving hills in this coun-
try, are, from the Quality of the foil, con-
vertible into the moft luxuriant grazing
lands, and arc already much improved iq
this way. Thefe hills will be peculiarly
adapted tp raife live ftock, and more par-
ticularly the fine long-woolled breed of
flieep. From hence, confiderable exports
arc already made to New Orleans, of flour,
bacon, butter, cheefe, cider, and rye and
apple fpirits. The black cattle raifed
here are fold to the new fettlers, and to
cattle merchants, for the Philadelphia and
Baltimore markets; many have alfo been
driven to Niagara and Detroit.
Morgue Fort, or Fortabtza de Morgue, on
the S fliore of the entrance to Baldivia
Bar. on tite coaft of Chili, oti the S. Pacif-
ic Ocean. The channel has from 6 to 9
fathoms.
Muricbet, in Suffolk co. N. York, 413
miles from Wafliington, where a poft o(>
ficc is kept.
i ' Morienne,
^ttienne, a
>fland of Cap<
/rom which it
Brule. It is 1
Mott Caftit
on the £ fide
vannah, in the
Cuba, and is t
ties for the del
the approach
a kind of trian
on which are
of cannon, %
caftle there a
mounted with
pounders ; call
" The twelve A
between the ca
tower, where a
hals of what v
fannab.
■Moroiinnee, 01
of Mowee, one
in the N. Pacific
and long. 126 a
Mortfq'iiUt Bt,
Carthagtiia, on
Main, and in the
but of Daricn G
MoTotoi, QT A
wich Iflands in t
ai leagues W N
has fevcral bays
Its W point is i]
W7 14 W, and
36,000 inhabita]
of Woahoo Iflanf
Morris, a couj
of N,Jerfcy,wJ
aj miles long, aj
intp 5 townfliil
156,809 acres im|
of unimproved
of the county
meadows, and go
The weftcrn pal
and produces crl
feven rich ironf
famous for curii
difordcrs. Blaci
in the mountain]
naces, two fluti/
|ij?'"g"f 37 faw ,
There are in tlid
ants, of whom 7 1
Mortijfsna, a v|
N. York, contigl
Sound. In 179^
itants. In 179 1
|p}vnfli!p of Wcl
M O R
M O S
^ititnnf, » bay on the E coafl of the
>fland of Cnpe Breton, near Miray Bay,
/rem which it it icparatcd only by Cape
Brule. It it a tolerably deep bay.
Mtit Vafilt 13 on the point or headland
on the £ fide of the channel of the Ha-
yannah, in the K W part of the ifland of
Cuba, and it the firfl of two (Irong caf-
ties for the defence of the channel againfl
the approach of an eneniy't (hipt. It it
a kind of triangle, fortified with baftion!i,
on which are mounted about .60 pieces
of cannon, '14 pounders. From the
caAle there alfo runt a wall or line
mounted with la long braf^ cannon, 36
pounders ; called, by way of eminence,
'.' The twelve Apoftitt :" and at the point,
between the caftlc and the fra, there is a
tower, where a man flands and givct fig-
inalt of what vefTcliS approach. See Ha-
f/aimab,
MoroiiHHee^ or Mnrotinnee, in the ifland
of Mowee, one of the Sandwich Iflands,
jn the N. Pacific Occjin, is in lat. 30 39 N,
and long. 136 27 ^.
Mortfq'iilU Bqy is to the fouthward of
Carthagciia, on the coaft of the Spanifli
Main, and in the bight of the coad coming
but of Darien Gulf, on t^e eaftern fhore.
Meretoi, or Morohi, one of the Sand-
wich Iflands in the Pacific Ocean, is about
i\ leagues W N W of Mowee Ifland, and
has fevcral bays on its S and W fides.
Its W point is in lat. 31 30 N, and long.
757 14 W, and is computed to contain
^6,000 inhabitants. It is 7 leagues S E
of Woahoo Ifland,
Morris, a county on the northern line
of N. Jerfcy, W of Bergen co. It is about
iS (Diles long, iud 30 broad, is divided
intQ 5 townHiips, and contains about
156,809 acres improved, and 30439 acres
of unimproved land. The eaflern part
of the county is level, and aflfbrds fine
meadows, and good land for Indian corn.
The weflern part is more mountainous,
and produces crops of wheat. Here are
feveu rich iron mines, and two fprings
famous for curing rheumatic and chronic
diforders. Black lead ore has been found
in the mountains. There are alfo 3 fur-
naces, two flitting and rolling mills, 40
forges, 37 faw mills, and 43 grift mills.
There arc in the county, 17,750 inhabit-
ants, of whom 775 are Haves.
MortiJSna, a village in Weft Chefter co.
K. York, contiguous to Hell Gate, in the
Sound. In 1790 it contained 133 inhab-
itants. In 1 79 1, it v/as annexed to the
^Ojwnfliip of Weft Chefttr.
JHorri/cttn, a pofl town and rapitai of
the above en. is a handli'me town, and
contains a Prtfbyttrian and Baptift
church, a court houfe, an academy, and
about 50 compadt houfcs ; 19 miles N W
of Ntwark, and about ico N E of Phila-
delphia. The head quarters ot the Amer-
ican army, during the revolutionary war,
was frciiucntly in and aloiit this town.
Moirifville, a village in Pennfylvania,
in Berks' co. on the W bank of Delaware
river, at the feiry, ore mile from Trenton,
9 from Briflol, and 39 from Philadelphia.
A poft ofTice is kept here.
Morrit £uy ^on the VVcoaftof the ifland
of Antigua, in the W. Indies. It canno^
be recommended to fhips to pafs this way,
as there is in one place S from the Five
Iflands only 3 fathoms water. VeflcU
drawing more than 9 feet water muft not
attempt it.
Morrcfic, a town on the road between
Quito and Lima, in S. America. It con-
tains betwten 70 and 80 honfes, contain-
ing about 160 families, all Indians; near
it runs the river Pozuelos, the banks of
which are cultivated and adorned with
trees. It is 38 or 30 leagues diftant from
Sechura. all that way being a fandy plain,
the track continually fliifting.
Morr'o Feija.' See ."?/. GalUtt.
Mortier's Roots, on the S coaft of New-
foundland Ifland. Nbt. 47,Wlong.54 55,
^orto JJland^ on the coaft of Peru, fo
called by the Spaniards, from its ftriking
refemblance to a dead corpfc, extended
at full length. It is alfo called St. Clara.
It is about 5 leagues N N E from the riv-
er Tumbez ; and is 2 miles in length, and
27 leagues from Guayaquil.
Motien Bay, on the N W coaft of the
ifland of Nevis, in the Weft Indies, is near
the Narrpws, or channtl between that
ifland and St. Chriftophcr's, to the N W
of which there is from 3 to 8 fathom.^,
according to the diftance from fliore.
Morugo, a fmall river to the W and N
W of the gulf of Eflcquibo, on tl^e coaft
of Surrinam, in S America.
Mofe, or Villa del Mofe, a town on the
bank of the river Tabafco, in the botton>
of Campeachy Gulf,to which fmall barges
may go up. Great quantities of cocoaf
are fliipped here for Spain ; which brings
a great many floops and fnia!! vcflels to
the coaft.
Mofes Point, a head or cape of land, on
the £ fide of the entrance into Bonavifta
Bay, on the E coaft of Ncwfoundlan4
Ifland, 5 miles S W of Cape Bonavifta.
Mofibkot.
M O S
Mifdhi. Sc; KHafiit.
Mjlleyt, a place »)n Roanoki r'vcr, 9
miles helow T.t. TMmniHny'it, tiifl ^ iiliuve
Eaton's. The produce of tlic uppqr
country is liroujjlit to thefe |>l ipk, ;ind
fi lit thence by wiiggon* to Petti (hurjj in
Virginia.
Muftjuito SLon. The cxai!l Ixjuudirici
of tliin country have never been accuritte-
ly drawn, 'I'he Kin;; and hi* chitis have
Rtncrally CDululirtcl tlitir liinlth ro ex-
fi.iid a littl<> W of Biiick River, wicnct
the fca coaft trend? .ibout E by ' -> or
70 leagues. This brings you to (he .,' E
extremity of thi.H ccintrv, or, hh it is rail-
ed by the Spani.irdH, tlic Ci)[)t tf (jod'$
Gran; Oil account of the great dilliculty
they find in heating up from tlic weft.
From tiiis capr, in almofl every direction
toward the fta, lie a great number of
fmall iflandn or keys, with rcefii, rocks
«nd nialluwt adjoining them, to the extent
of 15 or 25 leagues, and fonieof tlicm 50
or 60, which have never been properly
furveyed, and which of courfe makes all
this part of the Carribbcan fea a very dan>
gerout navigation, erpeciatly to ftran^crs.
After doubling the above mentioned cape,
OD the S Ttde of which is a tolerably good
harbour, of 18 feet of water, the courfe
trends nearly S, about jo leagues, this
brings you to Pearl Key Lagoon, to the
eaflward of which lies the two Cum Id-
ands, 7 leagues diflant, and a number of
fmaller iflands lie round this i;)i>oon ; but
the two former only are inhabited, and
that fparingly. In running this 50 leagues,
you pafs feveral barred rivers, with water
only for boats to pafs, and at the entrance
lof this lagoon there is 9 feet of water.
About 8 leagues further S, you come to
the harbour of Blue/ields, which is a good
harbour; there is but 12 feet of water
on the bir. There ends the Mofquito
King's real jurifdiiftion, but he claims a
tribute from all the feafliore inhabitant*,
whether Spaniards or Indiana, for loo
leagues to the fouthward. The whole
of the Mofquito fliore is very low land,
except back of Black River, where it be-
gins, and back of Bluefields where it nuls,
From Bluefields the coad trends a little
to the eaflward of S, until you come to
the harbour of St. Johns, which !s a good
one, hut has no town. A river of the
fame name empties into this harbour
from the lake of Nicaragua. On the call-
crn fide of which lake (lands the city of
Granada, and on the river, fome leagues
hcfore you enter thit lakc^ ftands fort
M O S
Cliartcs. Caiiocs afccnd :!»i« river, la
pro;ec(lii\t; ali>ng tlir coafl about iifttcn
leagues Iniin St. John's, fothc fouthw,ird
.ind eaft'*nrd, you come to a -/lact CHlltd
Turtle I$.ni;^c, (the high land wliicli be-
gan at Hln liclds, dill continuing.) 'I'his
place lia^ no harbour, but ik remarkable
for an aiii;i/.iiig great rcC'irf of gfcen tur-
tle in the Iciifon when the fen)ales lay
their egj?, which is from the latter part
of Aiigufl to t!\e liifl of .September. 'I'his
place, eouiprehtpflin^j a bay or beach of
white fami, abuuc 5 leaj^^ucs in extent,
draws, as is reckoned by the inhabitants,
^th» of the green turtle from fome hun-
dred of leagues on each fiile of it. Tliis
is the more curious, as thty pafs in thtir
rout to this place innumerable bays or
traifls of faud, which appear to the hu-
man eye equally convenient with this.
It has been flated on good authority, that
800 flic turtle have been flopped on this
beach in one niglit, averaging zjolbs, by
10 mtn. The feafon being ov^r fpr lay-
ing their eggs, they return to their homes
with the fame diligence they came. The
meat, egga and entrails of thefe turtle are
excellent. Each turtle lays three litters
of cfiS* I" " feafon, one of 170, on«: of 100,
and one of 60 ; which is done at intervals
of about 14 or 15 days. They cover
their eggs %\ or 3 feet deep in the fand,
and in 3 weeks the fun hatches them.
They then emerge, (being aboi;t the big-
nefs of a dollar) and mak" ilowly to-
wards the fea, which is perhaps 50 yards
off ; but on this fliort paflage they have
many enemies, fuch as tigers, eagles,
hawks, vultures, &c. and when they reach
the water, the fliarks, which are h«re in
amazing plenty, prove the wprll enemy
of all, fo that but few of the original num-
ber (j.io) are left to grow; however, a
fufHcient number efcape, to caufc a gen-
eral increafe. The Englifh evacuated
this country in the year 1787, and '88,
after holding it about 80 years. Their
fird poiTtfrion was entirely accidental. A
crew of Buckancers being call away ia
the Pacific Ocean, and happening to fall
in by travelling with the river Warks,
which empties itfelf at the afore-named
capt, they by degrees fettled themfelvcs
at the mud convenient places, for cutting
and mnnufadturing mahogany, with which
thiv coiiutry abounds, and were in fadt
madcrs of the country. The Mofquito
King, George, who was educated in Lon«
don, and is finee dead, was allowed to
have the nominal conunju^d, and fince
the
J'»e T^n^lifh
««nie into
Mofquito i
«hey have a
'"ds, and
Spain to be
»o confider t
'elation. C,
Morjiii/o (.
land, in lat.
Mo/guito i
<«rcmity of
""d on the h
oftheNarroy
»hc point alb
»o the northv
ed with rocki
from 4 to 6 f,
cf Booby Iflai
Ml^quito, 01
C«'e of the ida
ward of Five
Mnfquito IJli
Mands, in the
of Virgin Got
•nt- Nlat. i!
Mofquito Poi
the channel in
maica, wlierc 1
fituatcd, and o
|uns,forthede
w here very J
to the northwJ
hafon, into vJ
Spanifh TownJ
Mofifuito Po\
river Eircquihj
Cuiana, S. At
foon as fliipsaj
«d to run S e]
*o an anclior ll
Mother Cre\
See Frederiea.
Motte IJI(, a u
plain, about 8|
breadth, diflaii
fo Iftand, It
«8 own name k
■amed, in i8o]
M»ucla,La,\
K, on the W c<l
Mou/toniorciM
fliire.now calif
Moultrie For\
"Moitltrievillet
Sullivan Iflandl
dred dwelling I
IS a place of gri
during the fum
**• and hcaltj
M O U
IW U
the y.ngllfh have left, and tlie Spaniard'*
conic into pofTcflion, ihc King of the
Mofquito more ii rcwlly abfi.lute, for
they have a fixed avcrfion lo the Span-
iardi, and will not itllnw the King of
Spain to be their mafter, though ptLuftd
to confidcr the King of Enj;l.4iid in that
relation. Capl. Ftatt,
Mofquito Cove, on the coafl of Creen-
laild, in iat. 64 55, and long. J2 57 W.
Mofguito Bay, or Mvjkito, is at the S l^
extremity of the ifland of St.Cltfiflopher'a,
and on the larboard fide of the channel
of the Narrows, I torn the SW going round
the point along the iliore, within the reef
to the northward. The coafl i» here lin-
ed with rocks, and at a fniall diftance is
from 4 to 6 fathoms, on the W N W fide
of Booby Ifland.
Mtfquito, or Mofquito Cove, on the W
fii'e of the ifland of Antigua, and fouth-
ward of Five Iflandi Harbour.
M^quito IJland, one of the fmall Virgin
Iflands, in the W. Indien, near the N coaft
of Virgin Gorda, on which it is depend-
ent. N lat. 18 15, W long. 63 tj.
Mofquito Point is the larboard poini of
the channel into Port Royal Bay in Ja-
maica, where the powder magazines are
fituated, and on which is a battery of 80
^uns,for the defence of the channel, which
IS here very u^rrow. Rownd the point
to the ncrthweflerly, is a fpacious bay or
hafon, into which comes the river of
Spani(h Town.
M(fquito Point, at the entrance of the
river EiTequiho, on the coaft of Dutch
Guiana, S. America; round which, as
foon as fliips are within, they are diretfl-
<d to run S £ and then due S, and come
to an anchor before the firQ village.
Mother Creei, in Kent co. Delaware.
See Fredcriea,
Motte IJIe, a fmall ifland in Lake Cham-
plain, about 8 miles in length and 2 in
breadth, difiant a miles W of North He-
ro Ifland. It conflitut'ed a townfhip of
its own name in Franklin co. Vcrttiont,
Bamed, in 180*, Vineyard, wlii h fee.
M»ucba,La, a bay on the coafl: of Chi-
K, on the W coaft of S. America.
Mouttonboreugb, Stafford co. N. Htmp-
fliirc, now called Nttv Hampton, whic h fee.
Moultrie Fort. See SuUivans Ifland.
Moultrieville, a town lately fettled on
Sullivan Ifland, S. Carolina. Two hun-
dred dwelling houfes are eredVed, and it
is a place ofgrcU refort from Charlefton,
during the fumt.ier and autumn, for pleaf-
<»« and health.
M'uiil D'fl'tl, Upfer and Latvtr, two
towiilliips in Northampton co. Pennfyl-
vania, both ciiutain 2,234 inhabitants.
Mount Airy, .Surrey co. N. Carolina.
Here is a port ofliix 400 miles from Wafli-
iiigton.
AfuuHta'ttr, Lute nf the Two, a dilatation
of the mouth of Ottawa, or (irand River,
in L. CVuiiula, on the wcftcrn part of the
Kland ot Montreal.
Miunilmtly, a townfliip in Rutland co.
Vermont, fornird otit of a part of Wal-
linpsford, a part ., l.udlow, and a gore
11; Und between them. It contains 66tS
inhabitants.
Mount Defeft, an ifland on the coafl of
Hancock co. Maine, abojit 15 miles long
and 12 broad. It is a valuable traif^ of
land, interfedted in the middle by the
waters flowing into the S fide from the
fca. There arc two confidtr.tble iflands
on the S E fide of Mount Dtfert Ifland,
called Cranberry Ifland, which .iflift
in forming a harbour in the gulf
which fets up on the S fide of the
ifland. The whole ifland contain»
It 21 inhabitants. The northerly part
of the ifland was formed into a townihi(>
called Eden, in 1796. The routheaftern-
moft part of the ifland lies in about lat.
44 12 N. On the main Und, oppofite
the N part of the ifland, are the towns
of Trenton and Sullivan. It is 335 miles-
N E of Boflon.
Mount Holly, a village with a port of-
fice in Burlington <■ o. N. Jerfcy, on the
bank of Ancocus Creek, 12 miles S E of
Burlington,
Mount Hope Boy, in the N E part of
N.irraganftt Bay.
Mount yji, on the nortliern coafl of
the Gulf of St. Lawrence, in Labrador.
Muiiiit IfanJ, on the above coafl, N lat..
50 5, W long, 61 35.
Alount Joy, the n-'.me of two townfliips
in Pennfylv.^uia, the one in Lancaftcr,
the other in .\dam8 comity.
Mount Joy, a Moravian fettlement in
Pcnnlyivania, 16 miles from Litiz.
Mount Pleafant, a poft town in Weft
Cheftcr co. N. York, on the E fide »)f Hud-
fon's river; bounded foutherly by Grecnf-
burg, and northerly and eaftcrly by Pliil-
lipfljurg. It contains 2704 inhabitants.
Alfo the name of a townfliip in Adami>
CO. Pcnnfylvania.
Mount Pleafant, a village of Maryland,
fituated partly in each of the counties of
Queen Ann and Caroline, about il milc&
E of the town o£ Church Hill.
M.ur.t
Il I '
J ,/'
M 1/
idv c
, Moiml Tha»,\nV3itCnn CO. U Carnlinx.
Here ii a pod office 196 milut from WaHi-
ington.
M'tunl Turn, a noted mountxin on the
W bank of Connetflicut river, near North-
ampton. Alfo the name of a mountain
between Litchfield and Wafliiugton, in
Connci^icut.
Mount yernoif, the feat of the late
OeoRoc Wasiiinoton, is pleafAntty fit-
uatcd on the Virgin! 1 hank of Patowmac
river, in Fairfax co. VirjB;ini,i, Where the
river is nearly z miles wide ; 9 miles be-
low Alexandria ; 127 from Point Look
Out, at the mouth of the river, and 480
miles from the Tea. The area of the
mount is 200 feet above the ftirface of
the river; and, after furni/hing a lawn
of five acres in front, and alu'tut the fajne
in rear of the buildings, falls off rather
abruptly on thofe turo quarters. On the
K end it Aibfides gradually into extend ve
pafture grounds ; while on the d it Hopes
more deeply, in a (liort didance, and ter-
minates with the coach houfe,ftables, vine-
yard, and nurferies. On either wing is
a thick grove of diiTerent flowering fated
»rees. Parallel with them, on the land
fide, are two fpacious gardens, into which
one is led bv two ferpeucine gravel walks,
planted with weeping willows and fhady
ihrubs. Tlie mandou houfe itfelf appears
▼encrable and convenient. A lofty porti-
co, 96 feet in length, fupported by 8 pil-
lars, has a pleafiiig efTedt when viewed
from the water ; the whole aflcmblagic of
the green-houfe, fchool-houfc, offices, and
fervants' halls, when fecn from the land
fide, bears a reftmblance to a rural vil-
lage ; efpecially as the lands on that Tide
are laid out fomewhat in the form of En-
glifh gardens, in meadows and gral'a
grounds, ori>amented with little copfes,
circular elumps,and Tingle trees. A fmall
park on the river, where the Englifh fal-
low deer and the American wild deer are
feen through the thickets, alternately with
the vefTels as they are failing along, add
a romantic and piiflurcfquc appearance
to the whole fcenery. On the oppofite
fide of a fmall creek to the northward,
an cxjenfivc plain, exhibiting corn-fields i
and cattle grazing, affords in I'ummer a j
luxuriant landfcape ; while the blended
verdure of woodlands and cultivated de-
clivities, on the Maryland fliore, varie-
gates the ppofpedb in a charming manner.
Such are the philofophic fliades to which
the Commander in chief of the American
army retired in 178^, at thcclofeofa
victorious war; which he a;iam left iit'
1789, to dignify with his unequalled t.';!-
cnts the higheft office in the gift of his
fellow citiaens; to which he again re-
treated, in 1797, loaded with honours
and the benediifkions of hi* country.
Where, in 1798, having again heard and
obieyed the call of his endangered coun-
try, to comrnand her armies, he was fum-
nioned on the i4th of December 1799, to
join the heavenly hofts.
Mount Fimon, a town in Kenneheck
CO. Maine, 17 miles N W of Hallowell.
Mount iVaJbington, in the upper part of
the ifland of N. York.
Mmint ffajbinfrlan, one of the highcfl
peaks of the White Mountains, in New
Hampfliire.
Mount Witjbingtan,\ht. fouthweftemmoft
townfliip of Maflachufetts, in Bcrkfliirt^
CO. 158 miles W by S of BoOon. It was
incorporated in 1779, and contains a^l
inhabitants.
Moufe Harioiir, kt the E Tide of the ifl-
and of St. John's, and at the S W angle
of the gulf of St. Lawrence, is between
Ead Point and Three rivers, and goes iit
with a fmall creek thai; is moderately
fpacious withinl
Mtufum River, SL fmallriver in York co.
Maine, has its fources for its foUthwed-
crn or principal branch, in phnds in the
town of Shapleigh in the fame coiuty.
It pifTes through Sanford to its confluence
with the nbrtheaflerly branch,' and con-
tinue^ the fame courfe between the townt
of Wells and A'rundi:l, into Wells bay
and the fea.
Miitvee, ont: of the Sandwich Ides, next
in iizc to, and N W of, O'whyhee. In it
is a large bay of a femicirculaf form;
oppofite to which are the idands Tahoor-
ow'a Morokinnee. It is about 162 miles
in ciicumfercnce, and is thought to con-
tain nearly 70,000 inhabitants. They
arc favagcs, the arts in a Very low (tatc,
their morals deplorable. The fandlity of
female chaflity is unknown'; ignorant of
the great facriiice oiTbred on MoihilCal-
varyt yet confciousi of guilt, they appeaHi
their terrified confciences by facrifices of
their own invention. Hienbe they ofFcir
each other oh the blooJy altar. Their
deities, like Moloch, are fuppofed to bit
pieafed with the expiring' agonies and
nre.iming blood of hunun vi<Stims. Lat.
II N, long, ijj W.
Moyamcnfmg, a townfliip in Philadel-
phia CO. N of the city, adjuiniug.
Mutatts JJtanJ, near the north eoafVof
Cuba
tuba Ifltii
Ifland Ve
Quilunn?
Muddy .
between J
about 35 <
wide ; it h
8t. Jyfcph
pal.
Mud tJU
7 miles bel
whereon is
fand bar, a
as the foun
a crofs fire.
Mild Lai
fmall, and Ii
^ gives rife
Mugerat j
Eaien, or /
leagues S of
of the penin
Of them, tow
chorage in fi
{round.
Mubtinherg
N and N E h
fon, S W and
Logan, 48 m
Watered by
with their hi
people, ti6b|
Mulatre, Po
ca, in the W,
long. 6t 21.
MuUtto Poi
America is th
con, i6or 18
Mulgravt I
'»«• 67 45, W
Mulbfganl
Lewis, and en
tr, at Brunfw
Mullico Hii
Hereisapofli
mgtort.
Mullicut Ri
and has many
'fj and emptii
Bay, 4 miles \
iinavigable2(
Muncey, h^
"e«"c Is a pJ
Wafhington.
Muncy, a cr
SufquehannaH
tniles N of thl
Mundell/vilA
Here is a pf
^afhfngton.
V«l,I.
M U N
tuba Tdnad, in the W. Indict, which with
Ifland Vrrdc lie* oppofite to the Cape
Quiliannano.
Myddy Laki, in U. Canada, is (Ituatcd
between Laket Huron and Genr{;r ; it ii
•bout 35 or 30 milen long, and not very
wide ; it liai leveral fmall itlandt of whirh
St. Jofepli't, it feenu, it to be the princi-
pal. Smylh.
Mud JfianJt, in Delaware river, is 6 nr
7 miles below the city of PliiUddphia ;
whereon it a citadel and a fort. On d
fand bur, a large pier hat been creiflcd,
It the foundation for a battery, to nutcc
a crofs fire.
Mud Lah, in the State of N. York, in
fmall, and liei a little S of Crooked Lake.
It gives rife to a N branch of Tioga river.
Mugerat Iflatidt, otherwife called Mm-
Eaitrs, or IVcmem'Ejttft Jf.jndi, are 10
leagues S of Cape Catoche, on theEcn.ifl
of the peninfula of Yuc.itan. On the i>
of them, towards the land, is good an-
churngc in from 7 to 8 fathomt, and cle»n
ground.
Mublenherg, a CO. of Kentucky, bounded
ta and N E by Ohio co. N W (.y Hemkr-
fon, S W and S by Chriltiau, and S £ by
Logan, 48 miles long, 31 broad. It is
watered by Oreen and Muddy rivers
with their hranchet. It contains 1517
people, ii6 being in flavery.
Mulatre, Point, in theidand of Domini-
ca, in the W. Indiet. N lat. 15 16, W
long. 61 at.
MuUtto PoinU on the W coaft of South
America is the S cape of the port of An-
con, 16 or t8 miles N of Cadavayllo river.
Mulgrave Port. Sec Admiralty Bay. N
lat. 67 45, W long. 165 9.
MulhegoH Iliver, in Vermont, riPct in
Lewis, and empties into Connedlicut riv-
fcr, at Brunfwick.
Mutlieo Hill, Gloucefter co. N» Jerfey.
Here is a pod office, 163 miles from Warn-
ington.
Mullieus River, in N. Jerfey, is fmall,
and has many mills and iron Works upon
it) and empties into Little Egg Harlmur
Bay, 4 miles £ of the town of Leed.^. It
it navigable ^o miles for vclTels of 60 tons.
Muneey, Lycoming co. Pennfylvania.
Here !s a poll office, 231 miles from
WaHiington.
MuHcy, a creek which empties into the
Sufquehannah from the N E, about 23
miles N of the town of Northumberland.
MuKdell/ville, Shenandoah co. Viriginia.
Here is a poft vfficc, 114 miles bqm
Wafhington.
V«u I. Wjw
M u s —
Muii/ia, Dil.iivarri, arid S if^onrt, 3 i""
dJRii tribes, who inhabit ." 1 iiajfho, and
other villjges up the N l)r.ini Ii of Suf*
qurlunnah river. About 10 years ago,
tlie two fitft could Curnilli 150 warriurt
each, and the Sapoonrt 30 warfiotf.
Mur/i fijiorotigi), a port town of N. Car-
oli'u, and capitnl of O.itet co. It is Gtu-
.itcd on Mcherrin river, and contains a
fexv houfcH, a court honfe, gaol, and t(»-
h,icro warc-houi-. It carries on a fmall
HAdc wirh £dcntr)n, and the other ka*
port towns. It is 3 miles from F'rincc-
ton, lifroiii Wint()n,50 S by Wot Edeii-
ton, and 421 S \V ot Philadelphia.
Mut^a Mr^u Jiivti, on the coafl of
Ciiili in S. Americi, is iouthward of the
S point of Quintero Day, and not far
It'Oin the entrance into Chili river. It is
not navigable, but is very good to w.»ter
ill.
Miirr/iy Tnivii/lrifi, in the CO. of North*
umberland, U. Can.tda, lies to the no'th-
ward of the iflhmiis which joinj the co.
an<l peninfula of Friiirc Edward to the
main. It is walhed by the waters of lake
Ontario and the river Trent, a.^ well a*
tliofe of the bay of Qulntc. Smytli.
Mufclc Bank, at the entrance into Trin-
ity Bay or harbour, in th<" diredlion of
S W on the £ coad of Newfoundland
llland.
Mufele Say, in the Straits of Maitelian,
in S. America, is half way between Eliza-
beth's Bay, and York Road ; in which
there is good anchorage with a wcderly
wind.
MufiU Bay, or Mifflllonet, oO the coafJ
of Chill or Peru, ''n S. America, j leagueu
S by W of Atacama.
Mufele sfjiali^in TcnnclTee river, about
250 miles from its mouth, extend a!>ou^
aj miles, and derive their name from the
number of Toft fliell turtles and frclh
water clams found there. At this place
the river fprtadi to the breadth of j or
3 miles, and forms a number of illands;
and the pafl'.igc is difficult, except when
there is a fwell in the river. From thi»
place up to the Whirl or .Suck, where the
river breaks throujjh the Oreai Ridge,
or Cumberland Mountain, is 250 milet,
the navigation ail the way excellent.
From thefc flio.iU 10 tht navigalilc water*
of the Coofce is 40 miles, i.hence to M(y
bile bay 350.
Mujiojrti.'-Tt, M Jh'<gee, or, at they are
more commonly called, Cretk Indians, in-
habit the middle parts of Georgia. The
Creek or Muikogulge language, which
i
Mm
M i;i
_J/
M U S
M tj S
I» foft and mufical, v. fpt.kcn throughout
the confederacy, (although confifling of
(nany nations, who have a fi)ccch pcculi-
ar to theirfclves) as alfo by thtir friends
and allies the Natchez. The Chicnfaw
and Chddlaw language, the Mufkogulges
fay, is a dialecfl: of thtirs. The Mufko-
gulges eminently defervc the encomium
of alt nations for their wifdom and vrrtue,
in expelling the greatcf^, itnd even the
common enemy of mankind, viz. ^iri/uavj
ltqu',rs. The firft and moft cogent article
in all their treaties with the white people
is, that •• there fliall not be any kind of
fpirituous liquors fold or brought into
their towns." Inftances hav: frequently
occurred, on the difcovery of attempts
to run kegs of i'pirits into thei.' country,
of the Indians flriking them with their
tomahawks, and giving the liquor to the
thjrfty fand, not tafting a drop ti.emftlvcs.
It is difficult to account for thc.tr excel-
lent policy in civil governm .iit ; it cin-
not derive its efficacy from coercive laws,
for they have no fuch artificial fyftem.
Some of their mofl favourite fongs and
dances they have from their enemies, the
Cha<flaws ; for it feems that nation is very
eminent for poetry and mutic. The Muf-
kogulges allow of polygamy in the utmoft
latitude ; every man takes as many wives
as he pleafes, but the iirfl is queen, and
the others her handmaids and afTociatcs.
The Creek or Mulkogulgc confederacy
have 55 towns, befidts many villages.
The powerful empire of the Mufkogulges
eflablifhed itfelf upon the ruin of that of
the Natchez. The Oakmulge Fields was the
firft fettlement they fat down upon, after
their emigration from the weft, beyond
the Mifntippi, their original native coun-
try. They gradually fubdued their fur-
rounding enemies, ftrcngthening them-
felves by taking iuto confederacy the
Tanquiflied tribes. I'heir whole num-
ber, fome years fince, was i7,»8o, of
which 5,860 were fighting men. La-
ter accounts fay 6,000 fighting men, and
46,000 fouls in all. Every town and vil-
lage has one cflablillud white trader in
it, and generally a family of whites, who
have fled from fome part of the frontiers.
They often, to have revenge, and to ob-
tain plunder that may be taken, tife their
influence to fend out predatory parties
againfl the fettlements in their vicinity.
The Creeks are very badly armed ; hav-
ing few rifles, and arc modiy armed with
mufkets. For near 40 years paft, the
€rcck ludUant have had little intercourfc
/
with afly other foreigners, but thofe of
the Englifli nation. I'heir prejudice in
favour of every thing Englifh, has been
carefully kept alive by torics nnd other*
to this day. Mofl of their towns have
now in their pofllffion. Britifh drums
with the arnH of the nation, and other
emblems painted cu them, and fnrae of
their fquaws preferve the remnants of
Rritilli flags ! They ftill believe that «Thc
Great King over the water" is able to
keep the whole world in fubjeiSlion. The
land of the country is a common flock ;
and any individual may remove from
one part of it to ancjther, and occupy va-
cant ground where he can find it. The
country is naturally divided into 3 dif-
tri<5ts. viz. the Upper Creeks, Lower and
Middle Creeks, and Seniinoles. The up-
per diftri(i\ includes all the waters of the
Tallapuofce, Coofahatchee, and Alabama
rivers, and is called the Abbacoes. The
Lower or Middle diflridt includes all the
waters of the Chattahoofec and Flint riv-
ers, down to their juntllion, andalthougU
occupied by a great number of different
tribes, the whole are called Cowetaulgas,
or Coweta people, from the Cotiretan
town and tribe, the mofl warlike Mid an-
cient of any in the whole nation. The
Lower or Southern diflrid^ takes in the
riv;.r Appalachicola, and extends to the
point of £. Florida, and is called the
country of the Seminules. Asriculture
is as far advanced with the Indians, as it
can well be, without the proper imple-
ments of hufbandry. A very large ma-
jority of the nation being devoted to
hunting in the winter, and to war or
idlenefs in fummer, cultivate but fmall
parcels of ground, barely fufficient for
fubfiflence. But many individuals, (par-
ticularly on Flint river, and among the
Chehaws, who pofTefs numbers of ne-
groes) have fenced fields, tolerably well
cultivated : having no ploughs, they
breakup the ground with hoes, and fcat-
ter the feed promifcuoufly over the
ground in hills, but not in rows. They
railc hotfcs, cattle, fowls, and hogs. The
only articles they manufadlurc are carth-
etn pots and pans, bafkets, horfc-ropes
or halters, fmoaked leather, black marble
pipes, wooden fpoons, and oil from acotnk,
hickory nuts and chtfnuts. They con-
fifl of the Appalachies, Alibamas, Abecai,
Cawittaws, Coofas, Confl^acks, Coofac-
tees, Chacfihoomas, Natchez, Oconies,
Oakmulgies, Okohoys, Pakanas, Tacnfas,
Talcpoofas, Wectumkai, and fome othem .
Th«ir
M U S
NAB
Their union has rendered tliena vi(flori-
ou» over the Chadlaws, and forinidahle
to all the nations around them. They
arc a well made, expert, hardy, liigacious,
politic peoplf, extremely jealous of their
rights, and averfe to p.i;"ting with their
lands. Tlicy h^ve abundance of tame
cattle and j'winciturkies, ducks, and oth-
er poultry ; they cultivate tobacco, rice,
Indian corn, p xatoes, hcans, peas, cab-
bage, me'ons,an(i have plenty of peaches,
plums, grapes, ftrawberrics, and other
fruits. They are f^iithful friends, but in-
veterate enemies ; hofpitable to grangers,
and lioneft and fair in their dealings. No
nation has a more contemptible opinion
of the white men's faith in general than
thefc people, yet they place great confi-
dence in the United Scutes, and wifli to
agree with them upon a permanent
boundary, over which thr fouthern States
fliall not trefpafs. The country which
they claim is bounded northward by
about the 34th degree of latitude ; and
extends from the Tombeckbce, or Mobile
river, to the Atlantic ocean, though they
have ceded a part of this tradt on the
fea coaft, by difFercnt treaties, to the
State of Georgia. Their principal towns
lie in lat. 32 and long. 11 zo from Phila-
delphia. They arc fettled in a hilly but
not mountainous country. The foil is
fruitful in a high degree, and well water-
ed, abounding in creeks and rivulets, from
whence they are called the Greet Indhm.
Mufconecunh, a fniall river of N. Jeriey,
which empties into the Oe'nware 6 miles
below Eafiun.
Mujhingum, that is, Em's Eye, a naviga-
ble river of the State of Ohio. It is zjo
yards wide at its confluence with the
Ohio, 17a miles below Pittfourg, includ-
ing the windings of Ohio, though in a di-
XC&. line it is but 90 miles. At its mouth
(lands Fort Harn^ar and Marietta. Its
banks are fo high as to prevent its over-
flowing, and it is navigable by large bat-
teaux and barges to the Three Legs, no
miles from its mouth, and by fmall boats
to the lake at its head, 45 miles farther.
From thence, by a portage of about one
mile, a communication is opened to Lake
Erie, through Cayahoga, a (Iream of great
utility, navigable the whole length, with-
out ativ obftruiflion from falls. From
Lake Erie, the avenue is well known to
Hudfon's river in the State of N. York.
The land on this river and its branches
is of a fuperior quality, and the country
ab«undi it) fpringb and conveniences fit-
ted to fcttlnnents remote froTi fea navi-
gation, viz. fait fprin«i;s, coal, free-ftone,
and clay. A valuable fait fpring has
been very latdy difcovcrcd, 8 miles frcm
this river, and .50 from Marietta, called
the B'g f^pri.^g. .Such a quantity of water
flows, as to keep 1000 gilions conftantly
boiling. Ten gallons of this water will
afFcrd a qiriri of f,i!t of fupetior quality
to any made on the fea coaft.
M:ijk'mvus, a fiiiall river which has its
fources in pc>nd< ir the town of Union in
the CO. of Lincoln, Maine, and tntfrs" thff
fea throiijih the a<lj'>iningtownf)f Waldo-
boron qh. It is about 20 miles lonj.
M'ljkofi^vs Bay, formed by Bridol or
Pemaquid point on the W, and Mcdun-
cook plantation on the ea(V.
M.ijirjiigus I/Jjnil, in Mufkongus bay,
cont^tins about looo acres. This Indian
name is alfo applied to a grant or claim
of land called Tie Mujiungut Patent.
M'/jtmliet Indians inhabit the fouthern
waters of Lake Michigan, having, 29
years ago, 200 warriors.
Mufqiictons, an Indian tribe inhabiting
near Lake Michigan.
Mi'fquitn River and Buy He at a fmall
diflance N of Cape Canaverel, on the
coaft of E. Florida. The banks of Muf-
quito river towards the continent abound
in trees and plants common to Florida,
with pleafant orange groyes ; whiirt the
narrow ftrips of land towards the fea,
ate moftly fand hills.
Mttfquitoniy an Indian nation in the
neighbourhood of the Piankefliaws and
Outtagomies; which fee.
Myerjiown, a village of Dauphin co.
Pennfyivania, lituated on the N fide of
Tulpehockon creek, a few miles below
the canal. It contains about 25 houfes,
and is 34 miles E by N of Harrifburg,
and 77 from Philadelphia.
JMynomanies, or Minomaniet, an Indian
tribe, who with the tribes of Chipeways
and Saukcys, live near Bay Puan, and
could together furnilli, about 20 years
'go> SS'^ warriors. The Minomaniei
have almut 300 fighting men.
Myrtle IJland, one of the Chandelcurs or
Myrtle Iflands.in NafTau Bay, on the coafi
of Florida, on the W fide of the peninfuL^
NaAMAITs Creek, a fmall ftream
which runs foutheafterly into Debiware
river, at Marcus* Hook.
Nah't May,nt.vt the wefteru limit of
Hudfin'tf
■i
NAN
NAM
Hudfon'« Bay, known by the name of the
Welcome Sea. Cape Elkimaux i» its
fouthern point cr entrance.
Naco, A town of New Spain, in the
province of Honduras, jo jnilc* N W oi
Valadolid.
Nabant Point forms the N E point of
Bofton harbour, in Maflachuietts ; 9
piiles E li E of Bofton. N lat. 47 :.• , W
long. 70 57. See Lynn Beach.
N'ahunktag, a imall illand in Ketinel>eck
river, ^i miles from the i'ea, fignilifs. in
the hidian language, the land where e.ch
JlTc taken.
Nuin, a Moravian I'ettlement. wiiioh
was cftabliflud in 1763, oh Lehigh n <r,
in Petiufylvania
Nun, a fcttltment of the Moravians on
the coaft of Labrador, near the entranci.
of Davis's Straits, bting S S W of Cape
Farewell. It was begun under the pm-
^if^ion of the Britifli government, but is
jjow defcrted.
Numajket, 3 fmaU river which empties
into Narraganfet Bay.
Nanjemoy Rive:, a fliort creek which
empties into the Patowmac in Charles
CO. Maryland, fouthweftward of Port
Tobacco river.
Nanjtmuy, Charlcs CO. Maryland. Here
is a port office, 44 miles from \y'afliiugton.
Nanjemond, a county of Virginia, on the
S fide of James' river, and W of Norfolk
CO, on the N. Carolina line. It is about
44 miles in lengtii, and 24 in breadth,
and contains 11,127 inhabitants, includ-
ing 4,408 Haves.
Natiftmond, a fliort river of Virginia,
which rifcs in Great Difmal Swamp, and
purfuing a N then a N £ diredlion, emp-
ties into James*, river, a few miles W of
Elizabeth river. It is navigable to Sleepy
Hole, for vefTels of «jo tons ; to Suffolk,
for thofe of loo tons ; and to Mihier's,
for thofe of a? tons.
X^anlajket Road, may be conCdered as
the entrance into the channels of Boflon
harbour ; lies S of the light-houfe, near
Rainsford or Hofpital Illand. A, vcflel
may anchor here in from 7 to 5 fathoms
in fafcty. Two huts are eretfked here
with accommodatiuns for fliipwrccked
feamen.
Nantictke Creek, now called the river
Wavenny, in U. Canada, empties into L.
£ric bettveen Long Point and Grand
River.
Nantieoke, a navigable river of the eaft-
«rn fliore of Maryland, empties into the
^hefapc^k Bay.
Nantieokei, an Indian nation ^vho Un-
merly lived in Maryland, upon the abov«
river. They firft retired tp the SufquC"
hannah, and then farther north. They
were {killed in the art of pbifoning ; by
which fhocking art nearly their whole
tribe wafi extirpated, as well as fome of
their neighbours. Thefe, with the Mo-
hicknns and Conoys, ,^0 years ago inhab-
ited TJtfonaiigo, Chagnef -«nd Ow^-gy, on
the li branch of the Sufquef/vnnah The
iwo firft could at that period furnifii 100,
warriors each ; und the Conoys 30 war-
fiOrs.
Nintmill, Eajl and IVefi. two townflii]>i
m Cheftcr en. p. nnfylvania.
Nantucket If.anJ, belonging to the State
•y Maflachiifcit?, is fituated between lat.
4r 13, .md .it %% 30 N, and between 69
56, and 70 13 30 W Ion. and is about 8
leagues fouthward of Cnpe Cod, and lies
eaftward of the ifland of Martha's Vine-
yard. !r is 15 miles in length, and 11 in
breadth, including Sandy Point ; but its
general breaciih is, i\ miles. This is
thought to be the iOand called Nauticon
by ancient ^oyj'gers. There is but one
bay of any note, and that is formed by
a long i'andy point, extending from the
E end of the illand to the N and W (on
which fiands a light-houfe, which was
ercdted by the State in 1784) and on the
north fide of the ifland as far as EeJ Point,
This makes a fine road for fliips, except
v/ith the wind at N W, when there is a
heavy fwell. The harbour has a bar of
fand, on which are only 7| feet of water
at ebb tide, but within it has iz and 14
feet. The ifland conftitutes .i county of
its own name, and contains 5,617 inhabit-
ants, and fends one reprefcntativc to the
General Court. There i? a duck manu"
fa<£lcry here, and lo fpermaceti works.
The inhabitants are, for the moft part, a
robuft and enterprifing fet of people
moftly feamen and mechanics. The f' »■
men are the moft expert whale-mea ui
the world. The whale fifliery originated
among the white inhabitants in the year
1690, in boats from the fliore. In 17 15,
they had 6 floops, 38 tons burden, and
the fiflierv produced iiool. (l:erl. From
177 a, to 1775, the fifliery employed 150
fail from 90 to 180 tons, upon the coaft
of Guinea, Brazil, pnd the Weft Indies ;
the produce of which amounted to 167,
oool. fterl. The late war almoft ruined
this bufinefs. They have fincc, however,
revived it again, and purfue the whales
even into the great Pacific Ocean . There
i«
Iflex CO.
fcveral ot
3,000 Inc
kind to Hi
other, am
nated by
who intrt
foon bega
no mater
them,
the white
fine, they
cept fom(
retained
pefs carrii
and they
and 16 fe
Naniuck
town, eaf
above ill.
endinj Se|
dollars.
ford, 123
of Philacl,
Naniuck
out above
lircadth,
(lame.
NAN
N A S
|t not here a fingle tree of natural growth ;
rhcy have a place called The Woods,
out it hat been deAltute of trees for thefe
60 years pail. The ifland had formerly
plenty of wopd. The people, cfpecially
the females, are fondly attached to the
ifland, and few wifli to migrate to a more
defirahle fituation. The people are mod-
ly Fritndt, or Quakers. There ii one fo-
ciety of Congregationalifls. Some part
of the £ end of the ifland, known by the
name of Sjuam, and fome few other pla-
ces, are held as private farms. At pref-
«nt, there are near 500 proprietors of the
ifland. The proportional number of cat-
tle, flicep, &c. put out to pafture, and the
Qoantity of ginund to raife crops, are
minutely rej^ulatcd ; and proper officers
are appointed, who, in their books debit
and credit the proprietors accordingly.
In the month of June, each proprietor
aives in «* the cierks the number of his
ftieep, caW^j** and horfes, that he may be
charged witfe 4\em '■ a the books ; and if
the number be ^wrr than he is entitled
to by his rights, lie hires ground of his
neighbours who liavc lefs. But if the
proprietors altogeth'f have more than
their number, the ovc/jflus arc citiicr kill-
ed or tranfported from tli*- ifland.
In the year 1659, when Thomas Macy
removed with his family from Salifbury in
Eflex CO. to the W end of the ifland, with
fcveral other families, there were nrarly
3,000 Indians on the ifland who were
kind to ftrangcrs, and bei.^voleut to each
other, and lived happiSjr .,ncil contami-
nated by the bad example of the whites,
who introduced rum ; and their number
foon began to decreafe. I'he whites had
no material quarrel or difficulty with
them. The natives fold their lands, and
the whites went on purchafuig ; till, in
fine, they have obtained the whole, ex-
cept fome fmall rights, which are ftill
retained by the natives. A mortal fick-
jiefs carried ofF 22a of them in 1764 ;
and they arc now reduced to 4 males,
and 16 females.
Nantuclet, (formerly Sherburne J a port
town, capital 'Xid port of entry in the
above ifland. I'lie exports in the year
ending Sept. 30, 1794, amounted to 20,514
dollars. It is 60 miles S E of New Bed-
ford, la,^ S W of Norton, and 38a E N E
of Philadelphia.
Nantucket Sboal, a bank which ftretches
out above 15 leagues in length, and 6 in
l)readtb, to (he S £ fforo the Uland of its
pame. '
Kantuxet Bay, N. Jcrfey, is oa the eaft.
em fide of Delaware Bay, oppofitc Bom*
bay Hook.
Karrafranfet Bay, Rhode Ifland, makei up
from S to N.betwei a the main land on the
E and W. It emboloms many fruitful and
beautiful iflands.theprincipal of which are
Rhode Ifland, Canonicut, Prudence, Pa-
tience, Hopc,Dyei's,and Hoglflands. The
chief harbours are Newport, Wickford,
Warren, Briftol, and Greenwich, befidcs
Providence and Patuxct ; the latter is
near the mouth of Patuxet river, which
falls into Providence river. Taunton
river and many I'maller ftreanis fall into
this capacious bay. It aft'ords fine fiih,
oyfters and Icbfters in great plenty.
Narraguagus Bay. A part of the bay
between Goldfborough and Machias, in,
Walhington co. Maine, goes by this name.
From theuce for the fpacc of 60 or 79
miles, the navigator finds, within a grtai
number of fine iflands, a fecure and plc;>f-
ant fliip-way. Many of theie ifl.incis are
inhabited, and make a fine appearance.
A river of the fame name falls into the
bay, through the town of Harrington.
Narraguagus, a town on the above bay,
now Steuben ; which fee.
Narro-ws, The. The narrow pafiags
from fea, between Long and Stateil lll-
ands into the bay which fpreads before
N. York cit' , formed by the jun(£tion of
Hudfon and E^fl rivers, is thus called.
This ftrait is 9 uv. .-s S of the city of N.
York.
Narrov, TbefZ 'iidit, about 3 mile*
broad, bei ttn tl. ? elands irf Nevi? and
St Chriflopher'"! (i.anlj, in the W. Indies.
Narrotvs, 'I'h'. or Petite Detroit, in the
river St. I.a vtence in U T-inacla, is be-
tween Gr( 'icr Ifland and ifi town.lu,*
No. 10, or Licot, nov inr'uJi.d in 'if oiige.
Najb, a CO. of Halifax diflrirt, K. Car-
olina, containir.T; 6,975 inhabits: c, of
whom 2,596 are flaves. There i: a large
and valunl'i'' body of iron <rt <n this
CO. but only or.c bloomcry li.if> been
ercdled. 'i"hc c(nirt houfe, whue a poll
office is kept, is 28 miles from Tarbor-
ough, and as f,ir from Lewifl>Lirg.
Najbaun, or N^trti'/hatb/t, imt: of '.\e Eliz-
abeth Ifles, the property of the Hon.
James Bowdoin, Efq. of liollcii, atuatcd
at the mouth of Buzzard's i.'<y and 3
miles from the extremity of the peninfu-
la of Barnftable co. Confiderable num-
bers cf fheep and cattle are fupported
upon this ifland; and it has become fa-
mous ffM* its excellent wool and ch.cic.
■Ml
.' f
*'
?'., k
■ f^'
N A S
Here Capt. Iirthof^iTicw Gofnold land-
ed in 1601, and took up his abode for
fome time.
N:ifiiie River, is a confideraMc ftream
in Wortcfter ro. Maiii'.chufttts, and has
rich interval lands on its banks. It en-
ters Merrimack river at Dunftablt. Its
courfe is N N E.
Nijhvitle, a pnfV tr)\vn oi Mero DiftritSt
in TcnnciTec, plealantly fltmted in Da-
vidfon cc. on tlu* S bank o( Cumberland
river, t^here it is zoo yards iirojid. It was
naiiitrd alter Erip Gen. Fruncis Nafli, who
fell on the 4tli of Oil. 177 7, in the battle
of Germantown. It is regularly bidont,
»nd contains .^45 inhabitants, a court-
hoiifc, gaol, an acadfniy liberally cn-
dov/ed, a elm: ch for Prcfbytcrians, and
one for Mcthodifts. Ir is the feat of the
conrts held fcmi-anniially for the diftritft
of Mero. and of the courts of pitas and
quarter feflions for Davidfon co. It is
185 miles W of Knoxville, 66 from Bi;j;
Salt Lick ,c>arrifon, 190 S by W of Lex-
incrton in Kentucky, 635 ^V by S of H ieh-
mond in Virginia, and 1015 W S W of
Philadelphia. N lat. '^a 45, W long. 87
8. Heavy articles are brought here trnm
N. Orleans in boats of 20 tons burden ;
the vc/age generally requires 60 days.
N'^eag Point, in Hancock co. Maine,
is the eaiiern point of Penobfeot Bay, in
the town of Sedgwick.
Nrtfpatudet Rivrr. See Wanafpatucktt.
Nnjfas River. See 5.'. Aiidrr.
N^ffau Bay, or Sfirito S into, is a large !
bay on the coafl of W. Florida, about 70 !
miles from N to S. It has 4 iflands on a !
line for 50 miles from S W to N E, with ;
openings between them a mile or two '
wide. The mofl northerly is called Myr-
tle Ifland. between which, and the conti- !
nent, is the entrance of the bay. The i
bay is 15 miles broad from IvTyrtlc Ifland ;
to a TOW of iflands running parallel with i
the main land, and another bay between
them ftretching 50 or 60 miles to the S,
as far as one of the final ler mouths of the
MilTlfippi. See Najfau Road.
Ntijfau Bay, an extcnfive bay of the
ocean, on the S coafl: of Terra del Fuego
idand, at the S extremity of S. Ameri'-*.
It is to the E of falfe Cape Horn, wlileli
forms the wefVern limit of the bay ; Cape
Horn being the S point of the fouthern-
moft of the Hermit's Illands, a group of
illands which lie ofTthe coaft oppofitc to
this bay. This bay is large and open,
well flieltered from the tempefts of the
•cean. It is capable of holding a fleet of
N A S
fliips ; and though there are fmall iflands
near its entrance, all the dangers arc vifi-
blc, and flijps may fail freely betweea
them, or on each fide of them. See Mif'
taken Cape,
Njffju Ct.fi; on the coaft of Surrinam,
or N L of S. America, is to the N N W of
Efleqiiibo gulf, and the E point of the en-
trance into the river I'umaron. It is in
?h(MU lat. 7 .joN, and long. 59 30 W.
Njipiu Cnpt, on the N fliore of Ttr(a
Firma. S. Amcfii.a.
N-rJfjii, a fniall town in Dauphin co.
l^ennfylvania. It contain,* a German
church, and about 35 houfes. It is alfo
called KtfnijiiioivH.
N :ff.iu Ijlai'd, at th- mouth of Byrant
river, in Long Iiland Sound.
Najf.iu Road, on the coafl of Wcfl-Flori-
da, lies W of Mobile Bay, j leagues to
the northward of Ship Ifland, and within
the north end of the Chandeleurs or Myr-
tle Iflands. It is one of the beft roads for
large vefl'els on the whole coafl of Florida.
It alTords good (belter from winds that
blov,' on fliore, has no bar, and is eafy of
accefs. Veffels.however, mud not gowith-
in -I of a mile of the infide of the ifland,
it being flioal near that diflance from the
ihorc. VefTels may go round the north
end of it from the fea in ^\ and 6 fathoms,
at i a mile from the fliore, and afterwards
mufl keep in 4^ and J fathoms till the
north point bears N N E about a miles,
where they can anchor in 4 fathoms good
holding ground, fheltercd from eafterly
and foutherly winds ; this is neccfTary for
all velTcIs frequenting the coafl of Florida,
as cafterly winds are very frequent. There
is frefli water to be got any where on the
Cliandeleurs by digging; and there \i a
kind of welt at the north end, near an old
hut. Tlierc is wo wood to be found here
but drift wood, of which there is grca<
plenty along fliore. NalTau Road wa«
iirft difcovered by Dr. Daniel Cox, o'
New-Jerfey, who named it fo in honou-
of the reigning Prince, William III. H
alfo gave the name of Myrtle Iflands to
thyfe afterwards called ChaD^leufs, by
the Trench, from the candh s made of the
myrtle wax, with which thefc illanda
abound.
Ntijau River, on the coafl of Eafl- Flori-
da, has a bar generally about 8 feet water,
but is fubje(fl to fliiftirg. The titles are
about 7 feet zt low fpring tides. A« F, S
1<^ moon makes high water Iicrc,as alfo in
inoft places along the coafl.
Najfau, the chief town of Providence
Ifland^
Mand,
•f gove
only po
lec Bal
Nap,
Nata,
•f Terrs
Nata lie
Daricn,
From h<
vifl(ms a
habitant
miles N
and deej
in cafes (
be em ha
quently
extends t
13, V, h)
Nuta 1
is at the
from wh«
guera Poi
to the N
point. It
bay, whic
this great
Natacbq
coaft »)f L
weftward
Mount Joi
cape in lat
The little]
«f this.
Natal,
ef the Ri
Brazil
four-fquar
trance of 1
dangerous
Caflle of
des Tres
.■? leagues!
good anch
fathoms, ai
NcitcLet.
Cflppi terri
fippi,30o
ijo by th
Cath. chui
Nutthtx
who tornu
the E fide
is fituated
fefled, in
niains of t
''hich the
The Creel
fhc ruins
SBBipJctc*
inS
NAT
N A V
ttiand, one of the Bahai^ae ''" Teat
•f government. N lat. %s ''>e
only port of entry except at ianil.
See Bahamat,
Najlla, a town of Mexico, occ Angelas.
Nuta, a town and bay ir the province
•f Terra Firma, S, America. The bay of
Nata lies on the S coaft of the Ifthnms of
Daricn, and on the Nortlj Pacific Ocean.
From hence and the adjacent parts, pro-
vifions aie fent for the fupply of the in-
habitants of Panama, which city is 67
mile* N E of Nata. The bay is f'pacious
and deep, but is not ufed by fliips, but
in cafes of neceffity, as they are liable to
be embayed by the winds that blow fre-
quently at E upon the iTiore. The bay
extends to the iiland Iguenas. N lat. 8
12, V» long. 81 12,
^Lita Point, or Cbama, or Chai.mu Cape,
is at the W point of the gulf of Panama,
from whence the coaft trends W to Ha-
guera Point 7 Itague-s. All fliips b<)uiid
to the N W and to Acapuico make this
point. It is alfo called the S point cf the
bay, which lies within on the W fide of
this great Gulf of Panama.
Natachquoin Eiver, a large river of the
coaft of Labrador, in N. America, to the
weftward of Nrtl'quiroii river, under
Mount Joli, where it forms a foutherly
cape in lat. 50 25 N, and long. 60 45 W.
The little Natachquoin is to the W S W
«f this.
Natal, a cape and town, on the S fliore
ef the Rio Grande, on the N E coaft of
Brazil in S. America, is to the S W of the
four-fquare Ihoal, nt the mouth of the en-
trance of that river, which contains fcjtne
dangerous ^ocks. On this point is the
Caftle of c V- Three Kings, or Fortaleza
des Tres Magos. The town of N^ttal is
3 leagues from the caftle, before which is
good anchorage for fliips, in from 4 to 5
fathoms, and well fecured from winds.
Nritii>ee,tht principal .own of the Mif-
Gfippi territory, on the E lide of the Mifli-
fippi, 300 milts Nof N. OdcHns l>y water,
ijo by the lake road, it has a R mvin
Cath. church, and is deltuded by a fort.
Nutihez, a powerful nation of Indians
who formerly inhabited the country on
the E fide of the Miflifippi. Fort Rofalie
is fituated in the country which they poi-
liefTed, in lat. 3I 40. Nothing now re-
mains of this nation 'out the name, by
which the country continues to be called.
The Creeks or IVIiifkogulgts roft \\\v v.
the ruins of this nation. The Fici'ch
SBBjplettU their dtftrui^ion 1730. 1 be
Natchez or Sun Set hidians, are a part of
the Creek confederacy which they joined
after they left Lcuil'iana.
Natchitoches. A tradt of country ia
Louifiana,on the river Rouge, or Red riv-
er, bears this name. Tlic Frencli had a
very confiderable port on this river called
Natchitoches. It was a frontier on the
vSpanifli fettiemtnts, being 26 miles from
the fort of Adaycs, and 70 leagues from
the confluence of the Rouge with the
Miflifippi. See Loui/Jana.
Nat' \ an ancient townfliip in Middle-
fex CO. Mafl'achulctts, fituated upon
Charles river, i8 miles R W of Bofton,
and 10 N W of Dedham. Its name in
the Indian language lignifies, "The place
of hills." The famous Mr. Eliot form-
ed a religious focic ty here ; and in 1670,
there were 50 Indian communicants. At
his motion, the General Court granted
the laud in this town, containing about
60CQ acreF, to the Indians. It was in-
corporated into an F.nglifli diftriift in
1 76 1, and into a townlhip in 178 1 ; and
now contains 694 inhabitants.
Nuttenat, an Indian village on Nootka
Sound, on the N\V craft of N.America, k
lias a remarkable cataradl, or water-fall,
a few miles to the northward of it. N
lat. 48 40, W long, from Greenwich, 144 6.
Natural Bridge. Sec Rod bridge Ccuti!\.
Nujdoit fics, an Indian nation inhabit-
ing lands t)etw<tn Lakes Michigan and
Superior. Warriors, 500.
l'/augatui.k I' iver, a norfheaftern branch
of Houfatonic river in Connciilicut. A
great number of mills and iron works
are upon this ttream and its braiKhes.
Nwvune, a province of New Mt xico. on
the N E fide of the Gulf of Caiifo'nia,
which feparatcs it from the peniiiftila of
California, on the S W
Nii-vajia, a fni.iil illMiid in the Wind-
ward Piurage,or ftiait between Cub;) and
Hifpaniola in the W. Indies 1 liither
the ir.h.ibitants ot Jamaica come in boats
to kill ji.uaras, an amphibious cnature
that !)rtti'ih plentiluily at the r^;ot^ of old
trees. Tl.cy arc in the fliape of a hzard,
with fcalts, and fome .^re 3 fee: in U r.gth.
Their ftefli is firm and white, imd laid
by feamcu to make good broth.
iV<rti<7zi/, a imill barren iflund in the
W. Indies, net vtry h^^h, is fteep all round,
and lies ;-i I.Tt. 18 20 N. It is 21 leagues
W S W -k W of the E end of Jamaica, and
ti !c.i;j,ut8 froinTibu!i;n, in the iiland of
St. Doininqo.
Navjink Harloiir^ (;u the fc-i-fu,'(ft of
Mcnm'juii^
m
r
uri
, *
--A
N A z:
NE rf
Monmoutk ce. N. lerfey, liet in lat. 40
24 N having Jumping Point on the N,
and is i^ miles S of the N end of Sandy
Hook Ifland ; and its mouth is 5 miles
from the town of Shrewlbury. The fmall
river of its name falls into it from the W,
and rifes in the fame co. Navetink Hills
extend N W from the harbour on the At-
lantic Ocean, to Rariton Bay ; and are
the firfl land difcovered by mariners
«rhen ihey arrive on the coaft. They
are 600 feet above the level of the fca,
and may he feen zo leagues ofF.
NatiUmd, a town of Mechoacan, a prov-
ince of Mexico, with a harbour on the
N. Pacific Ocean, is 156 miles W of Mex-
ico city. N lat. 18 51, W long, iti 10.
Naviret, or Cat de Naviret Bay, in the
ifland of Martinico, in the W. Indies.
Navy, a townfliip in Orleans co. in Ver-
mont.
Navy Hall, in U. Canada, (lands on
the S fide of L. Ontario, at the head and
W fide of Niagara river, which lift fepa-
rates it from Fort Niagara, on the E fide^
in the State of N, York. It is '.o miles
N by Wof Fort Eric, and 43 S E by S of
York.
Navy Ifland lies in the middle of Nia<
f ara river, whofe waters feparate it from
Fort Slufher, on the E bank of the river,
and the fame waters divide it from Grand
Ifland, on the S and S £. U is about one
mile long, and one broad, and is about 1 3
miles N by E of Navy Hall.
Nazareth^ a beautiful port to^n in
Northampton co. Pennfylvania, inhabited
by Moravians or United Brethren. It is
fituated 10 miles N of Bethlehem, and
63 N by W of Philadelphia. It is a traiSl
€f good land, containing about 5,000
itcres, purchafed by the Rev. G. Whitfiel>:i,
in 1740, and fold 2 years after to the
brethren. The town of Nazareth ftands
about the centre of the manor, on a fmall
creek which lofe ir'elf i.': tiie earth, about
a mile and a hai; ).. of the town. It was
regularly laid o".t in 1771, and conil^; c!"
'i principal llretrs v.hich crofs each other
at right angles, and form a fquare in
the middle, of 340 by aoo feet. The
largelt building is & ftone houf^, erefted
'n '755. named Nazueth HaII, 98 feet
by 46 in length, and 54 in hciglu. The
lower floor is formed into a fpaciou« hal!
for public worfhip, the upper part of the
lioufe is fitted up For a hoardinj^ fchool.
where youth, from diflTerent pirts, are
under the infpec5tion of the miniftcr ot
the place and fcvcral tutors, and art
inftrufted in thel!ng1ifli,German,Ffencb^
and Latin languages ; in hiftory, geogra-
phy, book-keeping, mathematics, mufic,
drawing, and other fciences. The front
of the hoofe faces a large fquare open ter
the S, adjoining a fine piece of meadow
ground, and commands a mod delightful
profpe<£t Another elegant building oa
the £ of i^azareth Hall is inhabited by
the fingle lifters, who have the fame reg-
ulations and Mray of living as thofe atBeth-
lehem. Befides their principal manufac^
tory for fpinning and twifting cotton, they
have lately begun to draw 'n^ax tapers.
Ai the fouth-weft corner of the aforefaid
fquare, In the middle of the town, is the
fingle brethren's houfe, and on the E S E
corner a Gore. On the fouthernmofl:
end of t!i ■ Ircet is a good tavern. The
dwelling houfcs are, a few excepted, built
oflime-ftone, i or » ftyries high, inhabit*
ed by tradefmcn and mechanics, moftly
of German extradlion. The inhabitants
arefupplied with water conveyed to them
by pipes from aline fpring near the town.
The Gtnation of the town, and the falu-
brious air of the adjacent country, render
this a very agreeable place. The num-
ber of inhabitants in the town and the
farms belonging to it, (Shoeneck includ-
ed) conftituting one congregation, and
meeting for divine fervice on Lord's days
and holidays, at Nazareth Hall, was, in
the year 1788, about 45a
NeceJJity, Fort, in Virginia^ is fituated
in the Great Meadow, within 4 miles of
the W bounds of Maryland, and on the
N fide of the head water of Red Stone
Creek, which empties from the E into
the Monongahela, in N lat. 39 43, about
a6 miles from the fpot where this fort
was eredted. It is 138 miles W by N of
Alexandria, and 158 N W of Frederickf-
burg. This fpot will be forever famous
in the hlftory of America, as one of the
firft fccnes of Gen. Walbingion's abilities
as a commander. In 17,53, it w^s only a
fmall unfmifhed iutrenchment, when Mr
Wafliin;:>ton, then a colonel, in the aid
ycat of his age, was fcnt with 300 mrn
towards the Ohio. An engagement with
the enemy etifued, and the French were
tltfeatcd. M. dc Viliier, the Fench e(>m-
niatider, fcnt down 900 men befides In-
dians, to attack the Virginians. Their
brave leader, however, made fuch an able
defence with his handful of meri, in this
unfinillicd fort, as to conftrain the French
officer to grant him honourable term*
of capitulation.
WMi.i,
N E G
N E P
IftdJIet, Capt, or NeJdoci, liei lietween
Ifurk river and Wdl's B»y, on the coaft
«f York CO. Diftridt of Maine.
Ifeddick HivfT, Cafe, in the above co is
navigable aboat a mile from the fea, end
at full tide only for vcfleU of any confid-
crable harden, it having a bar of fand at
it* mouth, and, at an hour before and af-
-Cer low water, this rivulet is generally fo
fliallow, as to be fordable within a few
rods of the fea.
Neciar*t JJlei, a group of 9 rocky iflcs
«n the W coafl of N. America ; iat. 4Z jS
j6 N, long. 1 27 5 30 W.
Needham't Point, on the S W angle of
the ifland of Barbadoes in the W. Indies,
is to the S eafterly from Bridgetown, hav-
ing a fort upon it called Charles Fort.
Nitdbam, a townfliip in Norfolk co.
Maflachufetts, 1 1 miles from Bofton. It
is about 9 miles in length and 5 in breadth,
and is almoft encompailed by Charles
river. The lower fall of the river, at
the bridge between Newton and Needham
is about 20 feet in its diredl defcent.
Here the river divides Middlefex from
Norfolk CO. It was incorporated in 1 7 1 1,
and contains 107 z inhabitants. A flitting
and rolling mill have been eredled here.
Neebeebeou, one of the Sandwich Idands,
about 5 leagues to the weft ward of Atooi,
and has about 10,000 inhabitants. Its
place of anchorage is in Iat. at 50 N, and
long. 160 15 W. Sometimes it is called
I^ebeeotv, Or Onttbeow.
Ni/j^ada, or Ancgada, One of the Carrib-
bee Iflands in the Weft Indies. It is low
and defart, encompafled with fhoals and
fand banks. It is called Negada, from its
being moftly overflown by high tides. It
is 50 miles notthweft of Anguiila, and
abounds with crabs. N iat. 18 6, W long.
Negtil Harbour, Nortb, at the W end of
the illand ofjamaica, has North Nfgril
Point on the N, which is the moll wtfter-
ly point of the illaud cl Jamaici. N bt.
18 45, W Ion;.. 78.
Negro Cape and Harhour, at the B W ei-
tremity of Nova Scotia.
Ntgro Pointy o\\ the E eo»ft iif Urazil,
is 3 lfii};uc» nt !>iS K from the Rio CJran-
d(., and 14 from Ctpt Ht Uorqiir,
Negto River is the wcftcni boundary
of Uuiana iu S, America.
Negro Fort, in Amazonia, ftandson the
N fide of Anu:?on river in S. .America,
juft below ti>ejunt'\ion of its great branch-
es the Puriis ,uul Ncgi o, in the 4th degree
of N iat. and about the 6cth of W Ion.
Vol. I. X X
NeUfville, ill T.izetvell co» Virginia.
Here is a port oflice, 342 miles from
Wafliington.
Nelfon, a county of Kentucky contain-
ing 9,087 inhabitants, of whom 1,234 arc
ftavcs. Ciiief town, Bairdftown.
Nel/unt ferry, Charlefton CO. S. Caroli-
na. Here is a poll ofRce 539 miles from
Wafliington.
Nel/on'i Fort, a fettlement on the weft
fliorc of Hudfon's Bay, fituated at the
moyth of a river of the fame name, 250
miles S E of Churchill Fort, and 600 N VV
of Rupert's Fort, in the poflcftion of the
Hudfon's Bay Company. It is in Iat. 57
12 N, and long. 92 42 W. The flioals fn
called are faid to be in Iat. 57 35 N, and
long. 92 1 2 W, and to have high water
at lull and change days at 20 minute)
paft 8 o'clock.
Nelfont River is the N W branch cf
Hayes River, on the W fliore of Hudfon's
Bay, which is feparated into two chan-
nels by Hayer. Ifland, at the mouth of
which Nelfon'tf Fort is fituated.
Nenatiietvhct Indiant inhabit near Sev-
ern River, S of Severn Lake.
Nen River, in the E riding of the co. of
York, in U, Canada, rifes feveral miles in
the rear of York, and running foutherly
through the townfliip of Markham, parts
of Scarborough and Pickering, empties it-
felf into L. Ontario, E of the high lands in
Scarborough. This river abounds with
fifli ; at its embouchure are good in-
tervals for meadow ground, and it is
the back communication from German
fettlement in Markham, to Lake Onta-
rio. Smytb.
Neomlnas River, on the coaft of Peru,
is 12 or 14 leagues to the N W of Bona-
ventura River. It is a large river, and
empties into the ocean by a mimths. The
ihore is low, but there is no landing up-
on it, as it is inliat)ited only by fav.iorts,
whom it wiiulil not be very fate to truft,
KB their peaccal^le or hoftiie difpolitinii
towiirds Kuropans cannot be cafily
known. The coafi, though iu the riciii-
ilv of ihr nuill llouriOiing Spaiilih cola-
iifes, rtinains uutreqiitnted and wild.
Palmas Illand i* oppoUte to this river,
being low land, and having feveral Ihnals
about it; and from hence to Cape Co.
ritntes is ao liMgues to tht N W. The
rivtr and illand are in Ul. about 4 30
north.
Nipt'in TcwnJUf, in the eaftern diftrift
in U Canada, is the 8th townfliip in af-
ctuding the Ottawa river, and the firft
tt'vviiiliiji
'' . I
m'^i\
■ ^» i,:*:' rll
■vi^
•i '■
:■{■
NET
N E V
tovnfliip on the W fide of the river Ra-
deau. Smytb.
Nepean IJlani, a fmall ifland of the S.
Pacific Ocean, oppoilte to Port Hunter
on the S coaft of Norfolk Ifland.
NepeoM Sound, an extenfive water on
she N W coaft of N. America, having .^
number of iflands m it, in fome charts
called Princefs Royal Iflands. It opens
caftward from Cape St. James, the fouth-
crnmoft point of Wafliington's or Queen
Gharlotte's Iflands. Fitzhugh's Sound
lies between it and Queen Charlotte's
Sound to the fouthward.
Nepifmguh, a lake of U. Canada, 15
miles broad, i» leagues long, furrounded
with rocks. Its fliore is inhabited by the
remains of a Chriftian tribe, called Nepif-
inguis, of the Algonquin nation. This
lake empties itfelf by the Riviere des
Francois.
Neponfet, a river of Maflachufetts, orig-
tnatcs chiefly from Muddy and Punkapog
Ponda in Stoughton, and Mafliapog Pond
in Sharon, and after paiTmg over falls fuf-
iicient to carry mills, unites with other
fmall flreams, and forms a very condant
pjpply of water for the many mills fitua-
ted on the river below, until it meets the
tide in Milton, from whence it is naviga-
ble for vcflcls of 150 tons burden to Bof-
ton Bay, diftant about 4 miles. There
are 6 paper-mills, bcftdes many others of
different kinds, on this fmall river.
NeruJta, a port in the tflind of Cape
Breton, where the French had a fettle-
mcnt.
Nejb'it^s Harbour, on the coaft of New
Britain, in N. America, where the Mora-
vians formed a fcttlemtnt in 1752 ; of
the firil party fome were killed, and oth-
ers were driven away, hi 3764, they
made another attempt under the protec-
tion of the Britifli government, and were
well received by the Eiquimanx, and
by the hifl; account the niilTkin fucceeded.
Ntfcoptck River falls into the NE branch
Of Sufquelvannali river, near the mouth
«f the creek of that name, in Nwrthum-
berland co. Pennfylvania, and oppoiite to
the town of Berwick, 160 miles N W of
Philadelphia, and in lat. 41 3. /.n Indian
town, called Neicopeek, fbrn.crly ftood
near the fcite of Berwic'.:.
NitberlanJs, Neir, is the traifl now in-
cluded in the States of N. York. N. Jerl'ey,
and pait of Delaware and Pcualylva-
nia, f nd was thus namid by the Dutch,
It pafil'd firft by conqiteft, iind ittenv^rds
by treaty into tiic haudg of the Engliflj.
Ne Ultra, or Sir Tbomt, Su'i ff^tTtmn
a narrow ftrait between lat. «a and 63,
in New North Wales, in dk ar«ic region*
of America.
Nfufe, a river of N. Carolina, rife*
above Hilllborough, and. after a windini;
conrfc of more than joo miles, falls into
Pamlico Sound, 70 mile* below Newbem,
at which place it is a mile and a half
wide, expanding at its month, where it is
9 miles wide. It is navigable for fea vef-
fels i» miles above Newbern, for fcowa
50, for boats 200.
Neufira Sennora, Baia dt, or Our Lady't
Bay, on the coaft of Chili, on the S. Pacific
Ocean, in 3. America, is 30 leagues from
Copiapa, and ao S S W of Cape George.
It is indifferent riding in this bay, as the
N W winds blow right in, and the gufts
from the mountains are very dangerous.
Never/mi Qiiek, a ftream in the Harden-
bcrgh Patent, in Ulfter co. N. York. On
an illand in this creek Mr. Baker having
cut down a hollow beech tree, in March
1790, found near two barrels full of chim-
ney fwallows in the cavity of the tree.
They were in a torpid ftate, bnt fome of
them being placed near a fire, were prcf-
ently reanimated by the warmth, and took
wing with their ufuat agility.
NevH Bay, on the W fliore of Hudfon's
Bay, is nearly due W, a little northerly
from Cape Digges and Manfel Ifland at
the entrance into the bay. N lat. 6a 30,
W long. 95.
Nevis, an ifland lefs than a league
foutheaflerly of the pcninfula of St. Chrtf-
tupher's,one of the Caribbees. This beau-
tiful little rpot is nothing more than a
Angle mountain rifing like a cone in an
cal'y afcent fron\ the fea ; the circumfe-
rence of its bafe not exceeding 8 Britifla
leagues. This ifland was doubtlefs pro-
duced by fome volcanic eruption, for
there is a hollow crater near tiie fiimmit
'lill vifible ; which contains a hot fpring,
ftrongly impregnated with lulpliur, and
lulpbur is frequently found in fubftance,
iu the neighbouring gullies and cavities
of the earth. The ifland is well watered,
and the land in general fertile. Four
ihoulaacl acres of canes are annually cut,
which produce an equal number of hogf-
hcads ol fugar. The illand, foiall as it is,
is divided into 5 pariflics. It has one town,
Charlijloivn^ which is a pott of ciitrv, and
the Icat of gox'erument ; where is alfo a
fort called Ohailes I'ort. There are two
other fhipping places, vi/.. Indian Caftle
and New Caftle. Ncvis contains 600
whitcsi
_j.-r;-'.-i**i,t.„^ .,
NEW
whicct, and zo.eso blacks. It was drd
fettled by the Engliih in 1628, under the
proteAiun of Sir Thomas Warner. It is
faid, that, about the year 1640 the idand
contained 4,000 whites, and fomc wri-
ters fay that before the year t688 it had
30,000 inhabitants. The invafion of the
French about that time, and fome epi-
demic dilbrders ftrangely dimiiiiHicd the
number. CharleHown, the capital, lies
in lat. 17 15 N, and lung. 6» 35 W.
There are fevcral rocks and Hioals on
the coaft, particularly on the S W fide,
but fhips ride between them in tolerable
fafcty, the hurricane feafons excepted,
when they are obliged to put off to fea,
and run into Antigua, if pofliblc,
Netv Albion, & name given to a country
of indefinite limits, on the weftcm coaft
of N. Ametica, lying M of Cali/omia,
New, a river of N. Carolina, which
empties, after a fliort courfe, into the
ocean, through New River Inlet. Its
mouth is wide and Ihoal. It abounds
with mullet during the winter feafon.
Hew Andalti/ia, a province of Terra
Firma, S. America, lymg on the coafl: of
the North Sea, oppoiite to the Leeward
Iflands ; bounded by the river Oroonoko
on the W. This country is called Paria
by fome writers. Its chief town is St.
Thomas. Some gold mines were dif-
coveredherc in 1785.
New Aidover, York co. Maine. See
Maji Amfovfr.
New Antiearia, a town of New Spain,
34 leagues northward of Acapulco.
New Antiguera, an Epiftopal city of
New Spain, in the province of Guaxaca,
eiedted into a biflioprick by Paal III,
1547. It has a noble cathedral, fupport-
cd by marble pillars.
Newark, a townfhip in Eflcx co. in Ver-
mont, the 4th town in the range N VV gf
Guildhall, and has 8 inhabitants.
Nnviirt Bay, in N. Jcrfey, is formed by
the conlluence of Paflaick and Hackin-
lack rivers fron\ the N, anr^ is fcp-' rated
from that part of North river oppofite to
N. York city, by Bergen Neck on the E,
which neck, alfo, with Staten Illaud on
the S ot it, form a narrow channel from
the bay to North River caftward. New-
ark Bay alfo communicates with Rari-
ton Bay, at the mouth of Rariton Riv-
er, by a channel in a S by W dirc<^ion
along the weftern fide of Staten Illand.
The water pafiage from N.York to Eli/.-
abeth Towa Point, ij miles, ii through
thii bay.
N.E W
Nnvark, a poH town of N. Jcrfey and
capital of Eflcx co. is pleafantly fituated
at a fmall diftance W of Paffaick River,
near its mouth in Newark Bay, and nine
miles W of New York city. It is a hand-
fome and flourifh town, celebrated for
the excellence of its cider, and is the feat
of the largelt (hoc manufatSlure in the
State : the average number made daily
throughout the year, is eflimated at about
100 pairs. The town is of much the
fame fize as Elizabeth Town, and is 6
miles N of it. There is a Prefbyterian
church of (lone, the largcft and moft elc^
gant building of the kind in the State.
Belides thefe is an Epifcopal church, a
court-houfc and gaol. The academy,
which was e(labli(hed here in June, 1792,
promifes to be a ufeful inftitiition. In
Newark and in Orange which joins it on
the N W, there arc 9 tanneries, and val-
uable quarries of (lone for building. The
quarries in Newark would rent, it is faid,
for ;£ 1,000 a year, and the number of
workmen limited. I'his town was orig-
inally fettled by emigrants from Branford,
Connedlicut, a« long ago as 1662.
Newark, a village in Newcadle co.
Delaware, between Chridiana and White
Clay Creeks, 9 miles W of Newcadle, and
10 S W of Wilmington.
Newark, a town lately laid out by the
Britifh in U. Canada, on the river which
connedls Lakes Erie'and Ontario, diredlly
oppoiite Niagara town and fert. It is a
handfome town of about a mile fquare,
with its dreets at right angles, containing
about 150 houfes. The firft provincial
parliament met at this place, and the pub-
lic o(Hce3 of government have been held
fr(t tempore here. Navy hall, which is fitu-
ated on the W bank of the river, a little a-
bove the town,was the rcfidence of the go-
vernor, during his day at this place. The
council houlc is about half way between
the town and Navy-hall. The public offi-
ces are removed to York. Smyth.
NeivarL Tvvinjhip, which embraces the
above town, is in the county of Lincoln,
U. Canad-t, and lies on the wed fide of
Niagara River, immediately oppo&te to
the fort. Smyth.
Ne-w ^Jhford, a townfliip of Berkfliirc
CO. Maflachufetts, S of Williamdown, has
390 inhabitants.
New Athens, or Tioga Point, (lands op
the pod road from Cooperdown to Wil-
liam(burg, in Luzerne co. Pennfylvania,
on the point of land formed by the con-
fluence of Tioga river ^vith the E branch
of
m
■ • '.%
']. n
|ki ■■\'-
NEW
NEW
of Sufquehannah river, in lit. 41 54, aticf
long 76 3a W, and abtmt 3 mi»e» S of the
N. Voile line; 30 miles S E Ivy K of New-
town in N. York, 14 S W of Oivego, and
116 S W of Cooprrdown.
New BiirlidJoet, a townfhip in Bergen
CO. N. Jerfiv.
I/eiv Be.J/'or(/, a port town and port of
entry in Briftol co. MalTachMrirti, (ituatcd
on a fmall bay wliich fcts ii;) N from Diiz-
zard'ii Bay, 58 miles S of Bofton. The
towndiip watt incorporated in 1787, and
is 13 milt* in leiigth and 4 in breadth;
bounded E hy Rochcflcr, W by Dart-
mouth, of which it was originally a part,
and S t>y Ihizzard's B.ty. Accbtifnutt was
the bidian name ot N. Bedford ; and the
I'inall river of tlut jtame runs fioin N to
S through the townfliip, and divides the
villages of Oxford and Fairhaven from
Bedford village. A company was incor-
porated in 1796, for building a bridge
acrofs this river. From the head to the
mouth of the river is 7 or 8 miles. Fairha-
ven and Bedford villages arc a mile apart,
and a ferry, cundautly attended, is ellab-
liflied between tliem. 'I'hc harbour is
very fafe, in fome plates 17 or 18 feet of
water; and vefllU of 3 or 400 tons lie at
tlie wharves, h" mouth is formed by
<,i irkV Ntck en the W iide, and Sconti-
cuti F'/iat, oii tlic other. An ifland be-
tween tiiefe ptjints renders the entrance
narrow, in 5 fathoms water. High wa-
ter at full and change of the moon, 37
minutes pad 7 o'clock. Dartmouth iv
the fafcft place to lie at with an eaflerly
wind; liut at New Bedford y(ni will lie
fafe at tlie wharves. The river has plenty
of fmall fifli, and a flM)rt way from its
mouth they c.itch cod, hafs, black-fifli,
fl^etps-hcad, Stc. I'hc damage done by
the Britifli to this town in 1778 amoiint-
td to the value of £97,000. k is nt^w in
a flourifiiiiig fl.tte. In the townfliip are
a port oflice, a printing office, 3 n»fctiu;:;s
for Friends, and 3 for Congrcgationalifts.
The exports to the different States and to
the W. Indies for one year, ending Sept.
3c, 1794, ai!w.iunted to 82,085 dols. It is
'•;57 miles N E by K of Philadelphia, 58
S of Boftoii, contaiiiiug4,36i inhabitants.
N^wiein, one of the eafloni maiitimc
diftricls of N. Carolina, bomicicri K and
S E by the Atl:iatic, S W by Wilmington,
W by F.iveae N' V l>y finHlioiongit, N
by llnlif-'x, Jiiid N E by luknton diltriCt.
It comprehends tiie ctinmics of Carteret,
JoncF., Craven, Benuloit, Hyde, I'itt,
Waj-.e, Glarj^ow, Lenoir, and Joluillon ;
and eontalni 60,4 j j inhabitanti, Including
ao.134 flavei.
Nexvbirn, the capita' f the above dif-
u\<3t, in a port town ti»Mi loct of entry, ia
Craven co. on a flat, r-.iidy point of land,
formed by the confluence' of the t. era
Neii^ on the N,aiKl Trent on the S. Op-
pofite to th( town, the Neus i^ about a
mile and a half, and the Trent ^tlis of »
mile wide. Ncwbcrii > > the large fl town
in the State, contains ..l>out 400 lioiifes,
all built of wood except the palace, the
cliureli, the gaol, and two dwelling huufen
which are of brick- The inhabitants are
2,467 in number, of whom 1,298 are (laves.
The palace was credled liy the province
before the revolution, and was formerly
the rcfideiice of the governors. It is large
and elegant, two flories high, with two
wings for offices, a little advanced in front
towards the town; thefe wings are con-
nedled with the piin:ipal building by a
circular arcade. It is much out of repair ;
and the only ufc to which this once hand-
fome and well furniflicd building is now
applied, is for fchools. One of the halls
is ul'ed for a fchool, and another for a
dancing room. The arms of the king of
Great Britain ftill appear in a pediment
in front of the building. The Epifcopa*
lian church is a fmall brick building, with,
a bell. It is the only houiie for public
worfliip in the place. The court-houfc
is raifed on brick arches, fo as to render
the lower part a convenient market place ;
but the principal marketing is done with
the people in their canoes and boats at
tlic river Tide. In Sept. 1791, near ^ of
this town was ronfumed by fire. It car"
ries on a confldcrable trade to the Wed
Indies and the dilFerent States in tar,
pitch, turpentine, lumber, corn, &c. The
exports in 1794 amounted to 69,615 dol-
lars. It is 149 miles from Raleigh, 99 %
W of Edenton, 103 N E by N of Wil-
mington, 438 S of Peterfburgh in Virgin-
ia, and 501 S W of Philadelphia. N lat.
35 JO, W long. 77 %s.
NewBifcay, a province in the audi-
ence of Galicia, in Old Mexico or New-
Spain. It is faid to be 100 leagues from
£ to W and 120 from N to S. It is a
well watered and fertile country. Many
of the inhabitants are rich, not only in
corn, cattle, &c. but alfo in filver mines,
and fonie of lead.
Ne'wBu/ioii, a townfliip in Hillfborough
CO. N. Hanipfliire, about 70 miles weft of
Portlmoutli. It was incorporated in
1763, and contains i,ao2 inhabitants.
Ntw-BraiHtnt.
NEW
NEW
H, Including
I above <l'f*
of entry, in
>int of land,
r the I er»
theS. Op-
D in about a
:nt ^tl\n of a
laigeft town
^00 hoiile*,
c palace, the
(cllinglioufw
habitants arc
I98arclbve».
the province
was formerly
rs. It i« large
jih, with two
anced in front
«ng« arc con-
builJing by a
1 out of repair ;
this once hand-
milding is now
»ne of the halls
another for »
! of the king of
in a pediment
The Epifcopa-
k bailding, witli^
mlc for public
he court-houfe
fo as to render
It market place J
ing is done with
es and boats at
^791, near f of
by fire. It car-
adc to the Weft
it States in tar,
,corn,&e. The
:d to 69,615 dol-
m Rtlcigh, 99 *
E by N of Wil-
burgh in Virgm-
idelphia. N lat.
ICC in the audi-
Mexico or New-
100 Icaguts from
, N to S. It is a
country. Maiiy
ich, not only m
I in fiWer mines,
ipinHillftorough
It 70 miles weft of
incoiporated »n
Oi inhabitants.
Jftw-Braintt't'
JfiwSralntrii. See BralnIrM NIm:
Nnu'BrUalii. See AmirUa, LairaJtr,
and Britah Ntw.
NiwBritain, a townfliip in Buck's co.
Pennfylvania, has T180 inhabitants.
Neiv BruHfvitk, in the State of N. Y.
is fituated on Paltz Kill, about 8 miles
S W of New-PBltz,and 69 north-wcftcrly
of New York city.
NnvBrun/wici, in Middldex co. N.
Jerfey. See Brvnfivkk.
N-'u-Brun/tviei, a Britidi province in
M. America. See Btun/witi Ne%v.
Niwturgb, a poft town in Oran;;e co.
N. York, bounded £ by Hudlon's R. and
S by New Windfor, and contains 3,a.?8
inhabitants. The coinpaiSt part nf the
town is neatly built, and pleafantly fitu-
ated on the W bank of the Hudfon, 66
miles N of New York, npnodtc Fifli-Kill
Landing, 7 miles from Filh- Kill, 13 from
Goflien, and 14 fouth from PouEhkcepUe.
It conilfts of between 50 and 60 houfes
and a Prefbyterian chuich, fitiiatcd on a
gentle afcent from the river. The coun>
try northward is well cultivated, and af-
fords a rich profpedV. Veflels of confid-
erable burden may load and unload at
the wharves, and a number of vciTcIs are
built annually at this bufy and thriving
place.
Ntwkuty, a diOritSt of South Carolina.
Newbury court-houfe is 45 miles from
Columbia, and 31 from Laurens court-
houfe. Here h a pnft office.
mv)iury, a townfliip in York co. Penn-
fylvania, has 1014 inhabitants. There is
another town of this name in Lycoming
CO. 40 miles from Northumberland.
Neivhury, the capital and a poft town,
of Orange co. Vermont, pleafantly Titua-
ted on the W fide of Conncdlicut River,
oppofite to Haverhill, in N. Hamplhirc,
and from which it is 5 miles diftaiit. It
contains a gaol, a court houfe, and a hand-
fome church for Congregationalifls with a
fteeple which was the firft ere«Sled in Ver-
mont. Here a remarkable fpring was dif-
covered, about ao years fincc, whiih dries
up once in * or 3 years. It has a ftronj;
fmell of fulphur, and throws up continu-
ally a peculiar kind of white fand : and a
thick yellow fcum rifes upon the water
when fettled. This is the more noticea-
ble as the water of the ponds and rivers in
Vermont is remarkably clear and tranf-
parent. It is 130 miles N E of Benning-
ton, and 417 N Eby Nof Philadelphia.
N lat. 44 5. The nvmbcr of inhabitants
1.304.
KnaUry, a townfliip in EITex CO. Maff.
incorporated in 1635 ; fituated on the S
bank of Merrimack R. and contains 4,076
inhabitants. It formerly included Newo
bury Port, and with Merrimack R. encir«
cles it. It is divided into five pariilics,
bcfides a fociety of Quakers, 'i'he inhab-
itants are principally employed in liuf-
bandry. I'he land, particularly in that
part of the town which lies on Merri-
mack R. and is here called Ntw/ntry-
Nctttoiim, is of a fuptrior quality, under
the h'ft cultivation, and is liid by trav-
ellers 1 be little inferior to the mofl im«
prci't. fts of Grc.it-Dritain. Some of
the h' Is afford a \xry estenfive and
varit view of the lurroiinding coun-
try, tliL rivers, the hay, and the fca-cuafl
from Cape Ann to York, in the Dif^ridt
of Maine. Some few vefl'els arc here own-
ed and employed in the fifliery, part of
which art fitted out from Parker's River.
It rifes in fioxford, and pafles into the
found which feparates Plum Ifland from
the main land. It is navigable about 6
miles on a right line, or 12 as the river
runs, from its mouth. This townfhip it
connci!lcd with .Saliibury by Effex Mer-
rimack bridge, about two miles above
Newbury Port, built in 1792. At the
place where the bridge is erected, an
ifland divides the river into two branch-
es : an arch of 160 feet diameter, 40 feet
above the level of high water, connetfls
this ifland with the main on the oppofite
fide. The whole length of the bridge it
(,030 feet; its breadth 34; its content*
upwards of 6,000 tons of timber The
two large arches were executed from a
model invented by Mr. Timothy Palm-
er, an ingenious hoidcwright in Newbury
Port. '1 he whole is executed in a ftylc
far exceeding any thing of the kind hith-
erto elfaycdin this country, and appears
to unite elegante, ftrcngth and firmnels.
The day before the bridge was opened
fof the nil'peclion of the public, a fliip
of 350 tons pafl'ed <iuder the great arch.
There is a commodious houfe of rnttr-
tainmtnc at the bridge, which is the te-
fort of parties of pteafure, both in fum-
mer and winter. The foil of this town is
rich and well cultivated. Tl.c pariflies of
Newton and Bytield are as fertile as any
in the county. The town lies between two
navigable rivers, Mcrtiiiiack on the N,
and Parker S, with Plum Ifland Sound
for its boundary E. On thel'e waters
are large iradts of fait marfli.
Nivbury Ptrl, a port of entry, and
W
1 I':. I
llii';]
^y
^,
vl
7
7
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IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
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Photographic
Sdaices
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i
23 WIST MAIN STMET
WEBSTIR.N.Y. 14580
(716)878-4503
NEW
^ E W
yoft towa in Eflex co. Maflaehofetti ;
pleafantly fituatcd on the S fide of Mer*
rinuck river, about 3 miles from the
iea. In a (fommerciar view it it next
. ia rank to Salem. It contaioi 5,946 in-
^ habtunts, although it i*, perhaps, th«
""imalleft townfhip in the State, its codi-
tentt not exceeding 640 acret. It wiis
^ taken from Newbury, and incorporated
ii) 1764. The churches, 6 in number,
,^ jbe Qt|iamented withfteeples; the other
wibUe.'i>uildings are the court<houfe,
^Moi, a bank, and 4 public fchool-houfes.
"To the honour of this town, there are
In it 10 public fchools, and 3 printing of-
''Aces. Many of the dwelling-houfes are
elegant. Before the war there were many
fhips built here; but fomc years after
the revolution, the bufinefs was on the
decline i it now begins to revive. ^ The
Bodoa aad Hancock continental frigates
were built here, and many privateers,
during the war. The harbour (is fafe
and capacious, but difficult to enter. See
JHerrimofk Rivtr. The Marine Society
of this town, and other gentlemen in it,
Jiave humanely eredied fcvcral fmall
hott&s^ on the fliorc of Plum ifland, fur-
aiflwd with fuel and other conveniences,
for the relief of fhipwrecked mariners.
Ijirge quantities of rum arc diftilied in
Me- A>ury Port ; there is alfo a brewery ;
and a confidcrable trade is carried on
with the Weft Indies and the fouthern
States. Some vciTcls are employed in the
frcightiJig bufinefs, and a few in the fiOi-
ery. In Nov. 1790, there were owned in
this port, 6 fliips, 45 brigantines, 39
fcbooners, and ■I'i floops ; making, in all,
J 1 ,87 o tons. The exports for a year, end-
ing Sept 30, 1794, amounted to 3*3,380
dollars. A machine for cutting nails,
has been httly invented by Mr. Jacob
Perking of this town, a gentleman of great
mechanical genius, which will turn out,
if ncccfr»ry, aoo.ooo nails in a day.
Newbury Port is 40 miles N N E of Bof-
tiin, a» S by W of Poufmouth, la Nof
Jpfwich, and 389 N £ of Phibddphia.
The harbour has 10 fathoms water ; high
water at full and change ij minutes after
1 1 o'clock. In this town is a, Humane
and Marine Society, who are attentive
to the fevcral ol>je<ftt »f their inftitution.
The light houfcs are on Plum l/land, ia
42 47 N latitude, and in 70 47 W long.
Ketvbuty Sar, which is continually
fliifting, lies without ihe light-houfes a
ihort diOaucc. In croifing this bar the
iight'boufcs, which arc moveable, muft
be brought ia a range with each other.
Ten years ap;o the light-honfes ftood
where the fhip channel ao#is. The
water is contiaually encroaching on the
land, on the fide of Plum Ifland.
Ifrm Caledonia^ the name given by the
Scotch to the ill.fated fettlement which
that nation formed on the Ifthmus of Dart-
en, and on the S W fide of the gulf of that
name. It is fituatcd eaftward of the nar-
rowed part of the ifthmus, which is .be*
tween Panama and Porto Hello, and lies
S E of the latter city. The fettlement
was formed in 1698. See Dmriut.
New CaHioMf a fmall poft town lately
eftablillied in Buckingham co. Virginia,
on the S fide of James' river, 70 miles
above Richmond. It contains a few houf-
CB, and a ware-houfe for infpcdling to-
bacco.
Nevi Ca/eo, a poft town, Cumberland
CO, Maine, 613 miles N£ from Walb-
ington.
Nrw Cofth, in Upper Canada. This
town plot IS fituatcd on the Prefqn' Ifle
de Quinte, extending into Lake Ontario
from the eaftern part of the townfhip of
CramahL Smyth.
Nev) C^fftUf the moft northern co. of
Delaware State. It is about 40 miles in
lefigth and 10 in breadth, and contains
45,361 inhabitants, tnchiding 1,838 flaves.
Here are two Caug'-nulls, a flitting-miH,
4 paper-mills, 60 finr grinding different
kinds of grain, and fcvcral fuUing-mills.
The chief towns of this county ar« Wil-
mington and New Caftle. The land in
it is more broken than any other part of
the State. The heights of Chriftiana are
lofty and commanding.
Nctu Cmfile, a poft town, and the feat of
juftice of the above co. It is fituated on
the W fide of Delaware River, 5 miles S
of Wilmington, and 33 S W of Philadel-
phia. It contains more than 100 houfcs,
a court -houfe and gaol ; a church for
Epifcopalians and another for Prefbyte-
riann. Here is an academy for boys and
another for young ladies, with fufficient
funds, aud under good regulations. This
is the oldcft town on Delaware River, hav-
ing been fettle >! by the Swedes, about the
year 1617, who called it S/wiio/i", after
the roctrapolis of Sweden. When it fell
into the hands of the Dutch, it received
the name of New Amji*rd»m ; and the
EngliHi, when thev took poficffion of the
country, gave it tne name of New Cafile,
It was lately on the decline ; but now be-
gins to fluuiiih. Piers arc built, which
afford
)e feat of
luted on
miles S
>hiladfl-
houfet,
irch for
'refljyte-
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luffictcnt
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' NE vr
sibrd a fafe retvcst to ▼ciTeli, daring the
' wiotcr feafon. Thcfe add contiderably
to itt advantage*. Congrefii at their laR
feffion voted 30/X)« dollars for inproving
the na^gation of the Delaware ; a great
part of which it it espcAed will be laid
out itf repairing and ere«^ng pier I at New
Caftle. .-It waa incorporated in 1673,
hy the governor of Hew York, and wa»
for maav yean under, the management
of a bailiffaod 6 afflftanti. N. lat. 39 38.
Nrw CM, a townfliip in Weft Chefter
<a N. York, taken from North Caftie in
1791, and incorporateda There were
151 of the inhabitant* qualified eleAor;.
N<rw Caflle, called alfo Great Ifland,
« town in Rockingham co. N. Hampfhire,
*f about 100 houfes, 534 inhabitants in
1790. It is the largeft of a numbCT of
Iflands in the month of Pifcataqua River,
1 miles E of PortfmoHth. It has a meet-
ing houfe ; and on the N E point of the
ifland is the light-houfe and fort, with
16 cannon, built ih 1795, which de-
fends, the harbour of Portfmouth. This
^lace is not apparently in a floorifliing
liate. It contains sm inhabitants.
iWw CafiU, a poft town in Lincoln co^
Maine, bettreen Damafcotte and Skungut
rivers; so miles E bv N of WifcaiTet, 66
N E of Portland, and 193 N by E of Bof-
•on. The townfliip contains 996 inbab-
kanti.
Nev/ CaJlU, a poft town of Hanover eo.
Virginia, at the mouth of Aflequin Creek,
%n the S W fide of Panmnky River,
and contains about 36 honfeu. It is 54
miles N W of Williamlbarg, 34 If H of
Richmond, and 297 from Phiiadelphi.1.
Nevi Ciefler, a townfhtp }n Grafton co.
N. Hampmire, on the W fide of Pemige-
waflet River, incorporated in 1778, 13
milef below npiouth.
Nno CorbtM, a town of. the province
of Tucaman, in S.^merica.
Nnv De/igH^ in Louifiana, a village of
about 4b houfes, and loo fouls, ao miles
from the Spanifh village St. Loui), and
15 from Midifippi river. It ftands on
high ground, but is furronnded hy ponds.
In 1797, 57 of its inhabitants died of the
yellow fever.
New Duilin, a townfliip in Lunenburg
CO. Nova Scotia, on Mahone Bay; fitft fet-
tled by Irifl), and afterwards by Germans.
New Durham, in Strafford co. N. Hamp-
fliire, on the E coaft of Winnipifeoga
Lake, W of Merry Meeting Bay, nearly
40 miles N W of Portfmouth. 'incorpo-
.rated in 1763, having 74a inhabitants.
NEW
iVrar Mdiidutghi a new fcttlemcnt in
Nova Scotia.
NewnUm, Cafe, is the N point of Brti^
tol Bay, OB the N W coad of N. America.
All along the coaft the flood tide fct»
ftrongly to the N W, and it is high water
about noon on full and change days. N
lat. 5% 4%,^ff long. i6a 34.
NEty ENGLAND, (or Nortlerm or
Eafitrn Statu) lies between 41 and about
48 N lat. and between 64 53, and 74 8
W long. ; bounded N by L. Canada ; B
by the province of N. Btunfwick and the
Atlantic Ocean ; S by the fame ocean,
and Long Uland Sound ; W by the State
of N. York. It lies in the form of a quar»
ter of a circle. Its IV line, beginning ae
the moath of Byram River, which emp>
ties into Long Ifland SlVnd, at the S W
corner of ConnedUcut, lat. 41, run* a lit>
tie E of N nntil it ftrikcs the 45th dc]
of latitude, and then curves to the
ward almoft to the Gulf of St. LawreiM^
It* extreme length is about 636 miles. It»
breadth is very nncqual from 100 to aoo
miles» containing about 73,000 fquarc
miles. This grand divifion of the United
State* comprehends the States of Vermont,
Mw Hampfiitt, Maffaebufittt, (including
the DyirlS of Mmne,Rh9dt JJImitd and Prvm'
hbmee Plantalitnit and Cenmeffitnt. New
England has a very hea'ahful climate, b
is eftimated that alraut i in 7 of the in-
habitants live to the age of 70 years ; ami
about I in 13 or 14 to 80 and upward*.
N W, W and S W winds are the moft
prevalent. £ and N £ winds, which are
unelaftic and difagrecahle, are frequent
an certain feafons of the year, particular-
ly in April and May, on the fea-coafts
from Maine to Rhode Ifland. The weath-
er is lefs variable than in the middle, and
cfpccially the fouthcrn States, and more
fo than in Canada. The extreme* of
heat and cold, according to Fahrenheit'*
thermometer, are from 30 below to lOO
above o. The medium is from 48 to 5a
The difeafes moll prevalent in New Eng.*
land, are alvine fluxes, St. Anthony's fire,
afthma, atrophy, catarrh, eholic, tnfl<im-
matory — flow — nervous and mixed fe-
vers, pulmonary confumpt!on,quinry, and
rhcumatifm. A late writer has obferved,.
that <' in other countries, men are divid-
ed according to their wealth or indi*
gence, into three dafles; the opulent,
the middling, and the poor ; the idlenefs,
luxuries, and debaucheries of the firft, and
the mifery, and too frequent intemper-
aocc- of the laft, dcftroy the greater pro-
portioB
•**<•*
1
l-y mi
I ■ i'\'
£•11
1 1 m
/:a!
■:mi
■}■ ■
i
NEW
portion tit thefe twa The intermedi*
■te daft ii below thofe indulgencici
which prove fatal to the rich, and above
thofe fuflfering* to which the unfortunate
poor fall viAims : thii i* therefore the
happicd divifion of the three. Of t le
rich and poor, the New England Sta.ei
fumifli a much fmaller proportion than
any other diftriifk of the known world.
In Connedticut, particularly, the diftribu*
tion of wealth and iti concomitantf, it
more equal than elfewhere, and therefore.
as far as excefs or want of wealth, may
prove dcdrudtive or falutary to life, the
iuhabitanti of thi« State may plead ex-
cmptiun from difeafei." What thii wri-
ter, Dr. Foulke, fays of Connedlieut in
particular, will, with very few exceptions,
apply to New England at large.
New England is a high, hilly, and in
l<)mc parts a mountainous country, form-
ed by nature to be inhabited by a hardy
race of free, independent republicans.
The mountains are comparatively fmall,
runnini; nearly north and fouth in ridges
parallel to each other. Between thefe
ridges, flow the great rivers in majellic
meanders, receiving the innumerable riv-
ulets and larger ftreams which proceed
from the mountains on each Gde. To a
fpeAator on the top of a neighbouring
mountain, the vales between the ridges
while in a ftate of nature, exhibit a ro-
mantic appearance. They feem an ocean
of woods, fwclled and deprefled in its
furface like that of the ocean itfelf. A
richer, though lefs romantic view is pre-
fented, when the vallics have been clear-
ed of their natural growth by the induf-
trioMs hxfbandmcn, and the fruit of their
Ubour ;^ppears in loaded nrchirds, exten-
five me.idows, covered with large herds
of (licfp and neat cuttle, and rich fields of
fl IX. corn, and the various kinds of grain.
Thtfe vallic* are of various breadths
from 2 to 10 miles ; and by tlic annual
inundations of the rivers and fmaller
ftreams, which flow through them, there
is frrquently an accumulation of rich, fat
foil left upon the furface wht-n the waters
retire. The principal rivers in New Eng-
land, are Penobfcot, Kennebec k, Androf-
cogflln. or Amarifcoggin. Saco, Merri-
mack, Conne(!ticut, Houfafonic, Otter
Creek, and Onion rivers ; befides many
i'maller ones. New England, generally
fpeaking, is better adapt<fd for grazing
than for grain, though a fufBcient quanti-
ty of the latter is raifed for home con-
sumption, if wc except wheat, which is |
NEW
imported, particularly into Maflacht)fett«i
in conliderable quantities from the mid*
die and fouthem States. Indian com*
rye, oats, barley, buck-wheat, flax and
hemp, generally fucceed very weU. Ap«
pies are common, and are generally plen-
tv in New England. Cider conititutet
the principal drink of the inhabitants in
the northerly and eafterly parts. Peach*
es do not thrive Co well as formerly. The
other common fruits are more oi lefs cul-
tivated in different partsl The high and
rocky ground is in many parts covered
with clover, and generally affords the
bed of pafture; and here are raifed fome
of the fineft cattle in the world. TThe
quantity of butter and cheefe made for
exportation it very great. Conliderable
attention is now paid to the railing of
flieep. This is the mod populous divi-
fion of the United States. The great
body of the inhabitants are landholder*
and cultivators of the foil. As they pof-
fefs, in fee fimple, the farms which they
cultivate, they are naturally attached to
their Country ; the cultivation of the foil
makes them robuft and healthy, and ena-
bles them to defend it. New England may,
with propriety, be called a nurfery of
men, whence are annually tranfplanted,
into other parts of the United States,
thoufands of its natives. Vaft numbera
of them, fince the war, have immigrated
into the northern parts of N. York, Can-
ada, Kentucky and the Weftern Territory,
and Georgia, and fume are fcattercd into :
every State and every town of note io
the Union.
The inhabitants of New England are,
almoft univerfally, of Englifli defcent;
and it is owing to this circumftance, and
to the great and general attention that
his been paid to education, that the Eng-
lilli language has been preferved among
them fo free from corruption. Learning
is diiFufed more univerfally, among all
ranks uf people here, than in any oth-
er part of the globe ; arifing from the
excellent cdablinimcnt of fchoalg,not on-
ly in every townflilp, but almoft in every
neighbourliood ; the extenfive circulation
of newfpapers ; and the focial libraries in
a great part of the parifties. The firft at-
tempt to form s regular fettlement inthis
country, was at Sagadahock, in 1607, but
the year after, the whole number who
furvived the winter, returned to England.
The firft company that laid the founda-
tion of the New England States, planted
themfdves at Plymouth, November, 162*.
The
theft
but 10
of fctti
tive tvl
Americ
fairs in
hfr off
apS vef
colony,
en and
families,
'tants ill
fliire,C«)
ed, prob
townfliip
CO. Verm
12 miles
1,000 inh
Neivfut,
the gulp!
from the (
the Strait
miles wid<
45 and 51
and 59 40
381 miles I
The coafts
ed with all
and fleet,
Caft. Pror
firitifli real
cold is lonj
the fummei
it not enouj
able; for tl
ofthei/Iand
rocky and b
ed by feven
large and j
whenever th
of timber cot
on the fca
^ery remote
ford a large
all forts of III
But what at
for, it the gr<
upon tliofe /
Banks of Nei
and the U St
tion, annually
craft in this fi
»nd on fliorc
are upwards „
this fitliery is
hranch of tra
fource of liveli
poor people,
NEW
NEW
d are,
efcent;
ce, and
that
le Eng-
among
earning
ong all
y oth-
■im the
not on-
evcrjr
ulaticn
aries in
firft at-
inthts
07, but
r who
ngland.
'ounda-
lanted
,i6a».
The
The founder* of the colony confiflcd of
but loi foula. In 1640, the importation
of fcttlen ceafcd. Pcrfccution, (the mo-
tive ivhich hud led to tranfportalion to
America) wan over, by the chsngc of af-
fair* in England. At this time, the num-
ber of paircngtTS who had come over, in
»p!i velTels, from the beginning of the
colony^ amounted to 2 1,100, men, wom-
en and children ; perhaps about 4,000
families. In 1760, the number of inhab-
itants in MaOachufcttii Bay, New Hamp-
fliire, Connecticut, and R.Ifland, amount-
ed, probably, to half a million.
Ncw-Fairjield, the north-wcftemmoft
towndiip in Fairfield co, Conncdticut.
New-Fane, the chief town of Windham
eo. Vermont, in fituated on Weft River,
12 miles N W of Brattleborough. It has
1,000 inhabittnts.
Newfoundland Jfland, on the £ Tide of
the gulph of St. Lawrence, is feparatcd
from the coad of Labrador on the N by
the Straits of Belille, which is about 21
miles wide. It is Gtuated between Ut. 46
45 and 5i 46 N, and between long. 53 31
and 59 40 weft from Greenwich; being
381 miles long, and from 40 to 287 broad.
The coafts are fubjeifl to fogs, attend-
ed with almod continual dorms of fnow
and fleet, the fky being ufually over-
cad. From the foil of this il)and the
Ilritith reap no great advaiitage, for the
cold is long continued and fevere ; and
the fummer heat, though violent, warms
it not enough to produce any thing valu-
able ; for the foil, at lead in thofe parts
of the ifland which have been explored, is
rocky and barren. However, it is water-
ed by feveral good rivets, antl has many
large and good harbours. Tliis iilanci,
whenever the c ntinent fliall come to fail
of timber convenient to navigation (which
on the fca coaft perhaps will he at no
very remote ptriod) it is faid wilt af-
ford a large fupply for mads, yards, and
all forts of lumber for the W. India trade.
But what at prefent it is chiefly valuable
for, is the great fidiery of cod carriid 011
upon thofe flioals which are called the
Banks of Newfoundland. Great Britain
and the U. States, at the lowed computa-
tion, annually employ 3000 fail (if I'inall
craft in this fifliery ; onboard (if which, |
and on (lioie to cure and pach thf lifli,
are upwards of too,ooo hands ; fo that
this filhery is not only a very valuahle
branch of trade to the merchant, but a
fource of livelihootl to many th<wfands of
poor people, and a nsd excellent nurfe-
y«L. I.. Y Y
ry to the royal navy. This fidiery A
computed to increafc the n.ttlonal iloclc
300,0001. a year in gold and (ilver.rcmii-
ted for the cod fold in the imrth, in Spain,
Portugal, Italy, and the Levant. 'Ih^
plenty of cod, both o\\ t!tc ffteat bank and
the lelTcr ones, which lie to the E and S
E of this ifland, is inconceivabit ; and not
only cod, but fevtral other I'pccif* of lifli
are caught there in abundunce ; all of
which arc in nearly an cquiil pli nty ahmjj
the fliores of NcwfoundLnnd, Nova-Sco-
tia, New-England, and the ille of Capc«
Breton ; and very profiuble fillieries are
carried on upon all thtir coads.
This illand, afccr various difputes about,
the property, was entirely ceded to En-
gland by the treaty of Utrecht, in 17 13 ;
but the French were left at liberty to dry
their nets on the northern fliores of the
idand ; and by the treaty of 1763 they,
were permitted to fifli in the gulf of St.
Lawrence, but with this limitation, that
they fltould not approach within three-
leagues of any of the co.ilks belonging to
England. The fn.all iflands of .St. Piirrs
and Miquelon, fltuated to the fouthward
of Newfoundland, were alfo ceded to the
French, wljo dipuUted to eretil: no forti-*.
' iications on thefe iflands, nor to keep .
more than 50 foldicrs to enforce the po-
lice. By the lad treaty of peace, the
French are to enjoy the (inieries on the ,
N and on the W coads of the ifland ; and
the inhabitants of the United .States are .
allowed the fame privileges in filhinj!:, as ■
befo'i- their independence. 'I'hc cliief
tow.;. !^ Newfoundland are, Placencu, •
Bonavif "1, and St. John's; buc not above ■
1,000 families remain here in winter. A
fmall fquidron of men of war arc fci.t .
out every fpring to proteiSl the filberie»^<
and inhabitants, the admiral cf which, ;
for the time being, is governor of the. ,
ifland, btfides whom, there is a lieutenant- .
governo.', who rclides at Placentia. In
1 785, Great Britain employed in the ,
Newfoundland fiibery, %()% fitbing fliipi, ,
and 58 colony ibips, whofe tonnage ,
amounted to 4 r.990. The fame year,
ihcy carried to foreign markets 59i,'a76
cpiintals of fiflj. In 1799, 34.C velfels,
whole tonnage amounted ro 34,? Ij, car- ,
ryiiij^ a,449 men, were employed in this,
filhtry. The f..mo year wa,-. exported ,
45,^1.1.^7 quintals of dry cod fifli, 1.5,995 ;
do. of core lifh, ;,6i2 tierces of i'almon, ,
101 i>arrels of herrings, 3,017 tons of oil,
and 74,181 ffa! fkins.
Vcll'eU lie >n the bays and harbours of
ti:is
I
mm
NEW
NEW
this iffand in perfedl fecurity, beinj; well
flieltcred, except at the rntrante, by the
mountaint; and fome of them (the whole
circuit of the ifland being full of tiitm)
are x or t leagues in length, and near
half a league in breadth, into which fcv-
eral rivers and brooki of excellent water
come front the adjacent mountains. Thefe
atfo are contiguous to each other, being
feparited ufually only by a point of land,
feldom exceeding i leagues in breadth.
But the towns and villages are only on
the larger and more commodious bays.
The cod are ufually found tu be mod
abundant wKere the bottom Is fandy,
and the lead numerous where it is mud-
dy, and the belt depth is alfo between 30
and 40 fathoms, when a (hip has taken
her (iation, flic is immediately unrigged,
and a proper place felccEtcd for curing and
fecuring the Afli, and huts ercifted for
the men who work afliore ; a large fcaf-
fold is alfo ercifled at the water's edge,
where the number of (hallops deftined
for the filhery it got ready, and alfo fe-
cured after the feafon is over, till dte
following fummer. Ships RtA entering
any bay, have the privilege of applying
thefe to their own ufe. The mafterwho
arrives iird in the feafon in each of the
numerous harbours, is for that year ftyled
Lord of the Harbour ; who alio fettles
difputes among the fifliermen. We ihall
net detail the mode ofmanaging and cur-
ing the fifli, which is purfutd with much
perfevering labour; we fhall only add,
that the Great Bank of Newfoutldland,
which may properly be deemed a vafl
mountain under water, is not lefs than
330 milea in length, and about 75 in
breadth. The depth of the water upon
it varies from 15 to 60 fathoms, and the
bottom is covered with a vaft quantity
of iliells, and frequented by vaft flioals
of fmall fifh, mofl of which fcrve as food
to the cod, that are inconceivably nume-
rous and voracious. It is a fadt, in proof
of the plenty of cod here, that though fo
many hundred vcffcls have been annually
loaded with them, for two centuries paft,
yet the prodigious confumption has not
yet leflened their plenty. The number
of fowls called penguins, are certain marks
for the bank, and are never found off it ;
thefe are fometimes feen in flocks, but
more ufually in pairs. The fiihery on
the banks of Newfoundland mny he jullly
ly efleemed a mine of greater value than
of thofcin Mexico or Peru. The French
ufed to employ iu this tliliery 264 Hiips,
tmmge 17439; and 9403 men. Total
value /j 270,000 (Icrling.
iVirui found Milh, Hanover co. Virgin-
ia. Here is a pod office, 111 miles from
Wafliingtoo.
Neto Cat Jem, a poft town in Chefter
CO. Pennfylv/nia.
Nne Gar An, a fettlement of the Friendi
in Onildford co. North Carolina.
Niw Geneva, apoft town in Fayette co.
Pennfylvauk.
New Geneva, in Fayette co. Pennfylva-
nia, on the S ijdt of the Monongahela. It
has a mannfaclory of glafs bottle* and
mufquets. Iron ore and coal are found in
great plenty in the vicinity. Here it a
poft office, 330 miles from Wafliington.
NrW'Germantoivn, a poll town of Netr
Jerfcy, Hunterdon co. %% miles N W of
Brunfwick, 47 N by £ of Trenton, and
77 N E by N of Philadelphia.
NewCltueefter, a iVnall pod town in
Cumberland co. Maine, 97 miles norther-
ly of Portland, and 146 M of Bolton. It
was Incorporated in 1774, and contain*
i«378 inhabitants.
New Gettin&eit, i. tow'n of Ocorgia,
Burke co. on tne W bank of Savannah
river, about iSmiles Eof Wayndborough,
and 35 N W of Ebenezer.
Ntib-Graitada, a province in the fouth-
em divifion of Terra Firma, S. America,
whofe chief town is Santa Fede Bogota.
Gee GiMa.
NevyGramlbom, a townfliip in Cheihire
CO. N. Hampfliire, was incorpotated in
1761, about fifteen mile* S £ of Dart-
mouth college.
Nev> Hamfjhire, one of the United
States of America, is fituated between
lat. 42 41 and 45 11 N, and between
70 40 and 7% 38 W long, from Green-
wich ; bounded N by Lower Canada ; £
by the Diftridk of Maine ; S by MafTa-
chufetts, and W by Connedlicut river,
which feparates it from Vermont. Its
Oiape is nearly that of a right angled tri-
angle. The Diflridt of Maine and the
fea its leg, the line of Maflachufetts its
Eerpendicular, and Connc<Sticut River its
ypothenufe. It contains 9,491 fquare
miles, or 6,074,240 acres ; of which at
leaft 100,000 acres are wvtcr. Its length
is r68 miles ; its greatcit breadth 90, and
its leaft breadth 19 miles.
This .State i« divided into 5 counties,
viz. Rockingham, Strafford, Cheihire,
Hillfborough, and Grafton. The chief
towns are Portfmouth, Exeter, Concord,
Dover, Amherft, Keen, Charleilown, PIv-
motitn,
NEW
MEW
mouth, and Haverhill. Mod of the town-
fhip* 4re 6 miles fquarc, and the whole
number of townfliipt and locations i*
ai4 ; containing 183,858 inhabitanti. In
1767, the number of inhabitant* watefti-
mated at 52,70a This State has but
about 18 miles of fca-coaft, at its S £ cor-
ner. In this didance there are fcveral
coves for fifhinff veffels, but the onl^ har-
bour for (hips IS the entrance of Pifcata-
qua River, the Hiorcs of which are rocky.
The fhore is moftly a Tandy beach, ad*
joining to which arc fait marihes, inter-
fedVcd by creeks, which produce good
pafture for cattle and Iheep. The inter-
val lands on the margin of the great riv-
en are moft valuable, becaufe they are
overflowed and enriched by the water
from the uplands which brings a fat flime
or fediment. On Conuedticut River thefe
lands are from a quarter of a mile to a
mile and a half on each fide, and produce
corn, grain, and grafs, cfpecially wheat,
in greater abundance and perfenion than
the fame kind of foil does in the higher
lands. The wide fpreading hills are ef-
teemed as warm and rich ; rocky moid
land is accounted good for paflure;
drained fwamps have a deep mellow foil ;
and the vallies between the hills are gen-
erally very produdtive. Agriculture is
the chief occupation of the inhabitants ;
beef, pork, mutton, poultrv, wheat, rye,
Indian corn, barley, pulfe, butter, cheefe,
hops, efculent roots and plants, flax,
hemp, &c. are articles which will always
find a market, and are raifcd in immenfe
(Quantities in New Hampfhire, both for
home confumption and exportation. Ap-
ples and pears arc the moft common fruits
cultivated in this State, and no hulband-
roan thinks his farm complete without an
orchard. Treie fruit of the iirft quality
cannot be raifed in fuch a northern cli-
mate as this, without particular atten-
tion. N. York, N. Jerfcy and Pennfyiva-
nia have it iu perfedlion. As you depart
from that tradk, either fouthward or
northward, it degenerates. The unculti-
vated lands are covered with eztenfive
forefb of pine, fir, cedar, oak, walnut, &c.
For climate, difeafcs, &e.fee New England.
New Hampfliire is interfedted by fcveral
rjmges of mountains. The fit ft ridge, bv
the name of the Blue Hills, pafles througn
Rochefter, Barrington and Nottingham,
and the feveral fummits are diftingiiiflied
by different names. Behind thefe are
feveral higher detached mountains. Far-
dier back the mountiiiiu rife lUU higher,
■• ■■ - ^' ■ • ■ - -J . ■
\
and among the third range, Chocorut,
Oflapee, and Kyarfarge,are the principal.
Beyund thrlc is the lofty ridge which
divides the branches of Connecticut and
Merrimack rivers, denominated the
Height of Land. In this ridge is the cele-
brated Monadnnck mountain. Thirty
miles N of which is Siinapce, and 48 miles
further is Moofehilluck, called iilfn Moo-
(heluck mountain The ridge is then
continued northerly, dividing the waters
of the I ivcT Conncdlicut from thole of
Saco, and Amarifcoggin. Here the moun-
tains rile much higher, and the mod eleva*
ted fummits in this range are the White
Mountain], The lands W of this lad
mentioned rangt of mountains, bordering
on Conncdlicut River, are interfperftd
with cxtcnfive nieadows, rich and well
watered. Oifapee Mountair lies adjoin-
ing the town of Moultonborough on the N
E. In this town it is ohfcrved, that in a
N £ dorm the wind falls over the moun-
tain, like water over a dam ; and with
fuch force, as frequently to unroof houfes.
People who live near thefe mouncaiiu, by
noticingthe various movements of attradl*
ed vapt)urs, can form a pretty accurate
judgment of the weather ; and they
hence Qyle thefe mountains their Alma-
nack. If a cloud is attradted by a moun<>
tain, and hovers on its top, they predidk
rain ; and if, after rain, the mountain
continues capped, they expedt a repeti-
tion of (howers. A ftorm is preceded
for feveral hours by a roaring of the
mountain, which may be heard 10 or la
miles. But the White Mountains are un-
doubtedly the highed land in New Eng-
land, and, in clear weather, are difcover-
ed before any other land, by vcflcls com-
ing in to the eadern coad ; but by reafon
of their white appearance, are frequently
midaken for clouds. They are viuble on
the land at the didance of 80 miles, on
the S and S £ fides ; they appear high-
er when viewed from the N E, and it
is faid, they are feen from the neigh-
bourhood of Chamblee and Quebec.
The Indians gave them the name of Agt-
ocochook. The number of fummits in
this cluder of mountains cannot at prefent
be afccrtaincd, the country around them
being a thick wildernefs. The greated
number which can be feen at once, is at
Dartmouth, on the N W fide, where feiN
en fummits appear at one view, of which
four are bald. Of thefe the three highed
are the mod didant, being on the eaftern
fide of the duller ; one of thefe is the
mountaia
f
:if" J
NEW
N F. W
mountain vhlch makc^ fom»ji.ft!i'an »p' I
pC)ir;in>'c all A^mg tlie lliorc of the c.id-
crn counties nt Mallarhulctfj ; It h.is
lately hccn dirtiiiguiria'd liy tlie name o(
Mount IV.iJbingioH. IXirini; the period of
9 or io montlis, titcic niniintain* e'^hihit
more or Icf-) or tiiitt l)r!ght appearance,
from which tliey are dcnuniinated wltitc.
In the iprin^;, vvhei. the fnow is p.ii-ily
diflblvcd, they appear 'of a pa!c hUie,
(Ireaked with white ; and.'tttr it is whul
]y gone, at the difbuce of Co tiiilcH, they
*irc altogether t)f the fame pale hint, near-
ly approaching a iky colour ; while at
the fame time, viewed at the diflanee ot
8 miles or Iffs, tiity apjiear of the proper
colour of the rock. Tliefe change* are ob-
fcrved bv people who live within eonflant
view of them ; and from thefe fadts and
obfe/vations, it may with ecrtainty he
concluded, that the whitenciii of them is
wholly eaufcd by tiic fiiow, and not by
any other white fubfluncci fpr in {^«Sl
there is none.
The reader will find an elegant dcf-
fiiption of thefe mountains in the 3d vol.
of i-r Belknap's Hiftorv of New Hanip<
fliire, from which the above is extraded
I'hc mofl confidcrablc rivers of this
State arc Connet^ticut, Merrimack. I'jfcat-
aqua, Saco, Androfcoggi n , Upper and Low-
er Amonooluck,btfides many other fmali-
<er dreams. I'he chief lakes are Winni>
pifeogce, Umbagog, Sunapec, Squam, and
Great Oflapce. Before the war, fliip-
building was a fource of ccnfidcrable
wealth to this State ; about ioo vefiels
\verc then annually built, and fold in Eu-
rope and in the W. Indies; but that trade
is much declined. Although this is not
to be ranked among the great commer-
cial States, yet its trade is confidera-
l)le. Its exports eonfifl of lumber, (liip-
timber, whale oil, flax-feed, live flock,
beef, potk, Indian corn, pot and pearl
afhes, &c. &c. In 1790, there belonged
to Pifcataqua J3 vefTels above 100 tons,
and 50 under that burden. The tonnage
of foreign and American vefTels cleared
cut from the 4 ft of 0<flober, 1789, to the
ift of Oii1oi>er, 1791, was 31,097 tons, of
■which 26.J60 tons were An^criean vcil'cls.
The fiflicrics at I'ifcataqua, including the
lile of Sho:<ls, employ annually ^^ fchoo-
pcrs and 20 bouts. In I79i,the protlnce
•was 25,85c qiiintiils of cod and fcale flili.
The exports from the port of Pifcataqua
in two years, viz. from the ift of Oclo-
per, 1789, to the ift of October, 1791,
j^toountc^ to the value of 296,839 dolls.
J I ceiit^ ; iti the year ending .Icpt. 3eth,
1792, 181407 dollars; in 1793, 198,191
dollars; and in the year 1794, 153,85^
doll.irs ; in 1801, the exports ai))t>iinted
to 565,;,y4 dollar*. The bank of New
iLmplhite v,A% tftabliflicd in 1791, with
a capital of 60,000 dollars ; by au aifl ui
aflcmbly the (lock-holder* can increafc i^
to 23o,oco dollars i'pccie, and 100,009
dollars, in any other cflate. The only
eolle;;e in the State is at Hanover, called
Dartmouth Colhi^e, which ii amply en-
dowed with lands, and is in a flourifliing
licuation. I'liL' principal academiei ar«
thofe f>i txctcr, New-lpfwich, Atkinfon,
and Amhtrft. ticc Ntw-England, Unittj
Siatei, &e.
Ntiv Hampton, A pofl town of Kew-
Hampfliire, StrafTord <o, on the W fide
of Lake Winnipifeogee, 9 miles S £ of
Plymouth, and 9 miles N W of Mere-
dith; incorporated in 1777.
NeivHamfiton, a pofl town, Hunterdon
CO. New Jcrley, a 17 miles from Wafliing-
ton.
NtwHanavet, a maritime co. of Wil-
mington diftridl, N. Carolina, extending
from Cape fear River N E along the At*
lantic ocean. Chief town, Wilmington.
Niiu-Hanavir, a townfhip in Burling-
ton CO. N. Jcrfey, containing about 20,000
acres of improved land, and a large quan-
tity that ib barren and uncultivated. The
compact part of the townfhip is eallecf
New M ills, where are about 50 houfes,
27 miles from Philadelphia, and 13 from
Burlington.
Nttv-Hano-ver, a townfhip in Morgaa
CO. Pcnnfylvania.
NetV'HjHo-ver, a CO. of N. Carolina, dif-
tri<5l of Wilmington, containing 5,371 in-
habitants, of whom 2,933 arc flavek. Haz-
ardous is the ftate of that focicty while
its ruin would be dcllreable to the ma-
jority.
New Hart/or J, a fmall poll-town in
Litchfield co. Conncdlicut, 14 miles N li
of Li^fchfuld, 20 W by Nof Hartford.
Ncxu'HavtH CO. Conn. extends along the
Sound between Middlcfcx co. on the caft,
and Fairfield eo. on the weft ; about 30
miles long fiom N toS, and 28 from eaft
to weft. It is divided into 14 townfliips.
It contained in 1756, 17,955 free perfons,
and 226 (lives ; in 1774, 25,896 free per-
fons and 925 (laves ; in 1790, 30,397 free
perfons and 433 Haves ; and in i3oo,
31,926 free perfons and Z36 (laves.
NewHavm, (City) the feat of juftice in
the above co. and the fcmi-metropolis of
the
<kc 5!tAte.
of a bay wl
N from Lii
part uf a lai
.bed on thrci
tains. Twc
£ and W.
iquares of 6
iuvc beeud
Xlicets run ]
by others at
of the city i
around whi(
which are a
a chapel and
churches foi
for Epilcop
fome and c
college edi tic
churches a: c
;* encircled 1
der it both
Its beauty, \v
by the buria
public build
crabic part ci
ornamented
fide, which \
ance. The
Igreatly varie
iul. There!
dwelling-hoi
wood. The
\Vithin the li
J47 houfes, .
About one i
as to pleafan
ty of air, Ne
by any city i
confiderable
the Weft Ind
year, ending
the value of
tures of card
and paper a
College, whi(
was founded
jingworth un
;il 1716, whe
New Haven.
cipal benefaif
preCcnt 8 er
each 100 feel
habited by 1
chambers eac
Audents; a c
^etple 130 ft
the library, (
^ dining hall
jthe prc-udenr.
NEW
NEW
ctac 5!tAte. Tl)i» c!ty liei rmind the hc»A
ot a li-<y whirh maVc* up abuut 4 nulcn
N from Li)n}» Ifland .Sound. It cover*
part of a Ijtrgc |>laiu which ii circumfcrU
bed on three lldcn bv high hilU or moun-
lainit. 'I' wo imall rivers bound the city
}L and W. It wa> originally laid out in
fquaret ol 60 rndt ; many ot thefc fquarcs
iuvc been divided by crofg Qrecti. Four
jfliects run N W and S £, and are eroded
by other* at rijjlit angles. Near the centre
of the city it the public bjuare, oa and
around whicli are the public buildingi,
which are a ftate-houle, 3 college edifice*,
a ehapti and edifice ior the library, &c. 3
churchc* for Cungregationaliflu, and one
for Epil'copalians ; ail which arc hand-
feme and tommodious buildingi. The
college cditiccs, (iHtc-hourt, and one of the
churches a: c uf brick. The public ftjuarc
j* encircled with rows of trees, which ren-
der it both convenient and delightful.
Its beauty, however, it greatly diminiflied
by the burial-ground, and fcvcral of the
public buildings which occupy a confid-
crable part of it. Many of the ftreets are
ornamented with rows of trees on each
fade, which give the city a rural appear-
ance. The profpecft from the (leeples is
Igreatly variegated and extremely beauti-
iul. There are between 300 and 400 neat
dwelling-houfcs in the city, principally of
wood. The flrccts are fandy but clean.
!Within the limits of the city in 1798, weri-
547 houfcs, and upwards of 4,000 fouU.
About one in 70 die annuaUy. Indeed
as to pleafantnefs of fituationand falubri-
ly of air, New-Haven is hardly exceeded.
by any city in America. It carries on a
confiderable trade with New-York and
the Wcfl India illands. The exports for i
year, ending Srpt. 30, 1794, amounted to
the value of i; t,868 dollars. Manufac-
tures of card teeth, linen, buttons, cotton,
and paper are carried on here. Yale
College, which is cftabliflied in this city,
was founded in 1700, and rcmainedatKil-
lingworth until 1707, thcnatSaybrook un-
lit 17 16, when it was removed and fixed at
New Haven. It has itsnamefrom its prin-
cipal benefa«ftor, Gov. Yale. There are at
prei'cnt 8 college domiciles, 3 of which,
each 100 fret long, and 40 wide, are in-
habited by the fludents, containing 31
cliambcr.4 each, fuificient for lodging -zoo
/lurlents ; a chapel 40 by 50 feet, with a
Oetple 1 30 feet high; another edifice for
the library, &c. of the fame dimcnfions,
^ dining hall 60 by 40 feet ; a houfc for
ffhe prtiidfiu, and another for the profcf-
for pf divinity. The public library co»>
lifts of about .i.cco volumes, »nd the phi-
lofophical apparatus ia as complete at
moli others in the United dtates.aml con*
tains the machines nicefl'.iry tor exhibit-
ing experiniiiiti. m tlie whole rourfc of
experimental pliil(ii'(i|.'liy ;ind altrouumy.
The niiilcum.to wlticlt additions arc coa*
flantly m.ikiiig, contains many natural
curitifitit*. From the year i/r.oio i;(;3,
there had bcc:ii educated and graJurttcd
at thin uiiivei fity ai)out 2,303. i'hc niiin-
her cf fbiJeiits is jjcnerally 130. The
harbour, though interior to New-London,
has good anchorage, with 3 f.<th(mis and 4
feet water at eoniiiiontiden,aii(l2|[t'.'ithoms
at low water. '1 hi» place and ILtrtiord
are the feats of the Icjjidature ;. ternattly.
It is 40 miles S W bv S of K ;■ tl.,rJ, 54
from N.w-l.cndon, §8 from Ntw-York,
151 from Bolton, and i?,t, N V. ot Phda-
delphia. N lat. 41 18, W lonti -j i 56.
Nfw-Hivtn, a port town in Aodifon co.
Vermont, on Otter Creek, between Mid-
dlebury and Vergenncs.
Ne^vHtbriJa,z clufler of ifland<> in the
Pacific Ocean, fo called by Capt. Cook in
1794 ; the fame as the Arcbifela^i, „/ tU
Great Cycladei of Bougainville, or the Iir*
ra Aujiral of Quiros ; which fee.
Neio-HotlanJ, a pod town of Pennfvlva"
nia.Lancaflcr co. in the mid II of a (< rtile
country. It contains a Gernnn church
and about 100 hourcn. It ii> 1 2 inJ'es E
N E of Lancafttr, and 54 W N W of
Philadelphia.
N~:'!V-Jl:'nt!ngton. See IJuHtitit^loit,
Nrti'iil-i:j\i\iuict. ^ce PifcatJquu.
Keivington, a townlliip, t'nnji.rly part
of Portlinouth and Dover, in Rot kiupliani
CO. New HanipUiite. It contains 481 in-
habitants.
Nf:vlnijrn:ft, in Geori^ia, i» filuattd
near Darien on Alatam i!ia River, It
was built by the Scotch Highlanders, 160
of whom landed here in 1735.
Nciv-IpfwiJj, a pr-d town in T-li!lf.
borough eo. N. Haniptliirc, on the \V fide
of Souhegan river, ujion the f(Mith'.'rii line
oftheSlatc. It was incorpoiated in 1761,
and contains 1,266 inhabitanf*. There is
an academy, founded in 178;;, haviiiij a
fund of about j^ 1,000, and lus gent rally
about 40 or 50 fliidcnti. It is about 24
miles S E of Kcene, and 75 W b W of
Portfmouth.
Ne-w Jtrfey, one of t!ie Uniied State*
of America, \t fituatcd betivccn 39 and
41 24 N latitude, and between 74 44 aiid
7 J 33 W longitude from Loudon \ Iiound-
c4
t m
NEW
NEW
cd E by HttdfonV River and the Ocean ;
W by Delaware Bay i-J river, which di-
vide it from the State:. <.f Delaware and
Pennfylvania ; N by th& tine drawn from
the mouth of Mahakkamak river, in lat.
J^ I 24 to a point on Hudfon's River, in
at. 41. It is about 160 miles long and
5a broad, containing about 8,320 fquare
philes, equal to 5,3/4,800 acres. It is di-
vided into 13 counties, viz. Cape May,
Cumberland, Salem, Gluuceder, Burling-
ton, Hunterdon, and SufTex ; thefe 7 lie
from S to N on Delaware River; Cape
May and Gloucefter extend acrofs to the
fca ; Bergen, Effcx, Middlefex, and Mon-
ir;Oiith, lie from N to S on the eadern fide
of the State; Somerfet and Morris are
inland counties. The number of inhabit-
ants is 211,149, of whom 1242a are
flaves. The mod remarkable bay is Ar-
thur Kull.or Newark Bay, formed by the
iiuion of PaiTaick and Hackiufac rivers.
The rivets in this State, though not large,
are numerous. A trivellcr, in palling
the common road from Nev/ York to
Philadelphia, crolTes three confiderable
rivers, viz. the Hackinfac and Paflaick,
hetween Bergen and Newark, and the
kariton by Brunfwick. PaiTaick is a v ery
crooked river. It is navigable about 10
miles, and is 230 yards v ide at the ferry.
*rhe cataratS:, or Great Falls, in this riv-
er, is one of the greatcft natural curiofi-
ties in the State. The river is about 40
yards wide, and moves in a flow, gentle
current, until coming within a fhort dif-
tance of a deep cleft in a rock, which
croflcs the channel, it defcends and falls
9bove 70 feet perpendicularly, in one
entire (heet. One end of the cleft, which
was evidently made by feme violent con-
▼ulfion in nature, is clofed ; at the oth-
er, the water ruflies out with incredible
fwiftnefs, forming an acute angle with its
former diredicn, and is received into a
large bafon, whence it takes a winding
courfe through the rocks, and fpreads in-
to a broad fmooth (beam. The cleft is
from 4 to 12 feet broad. The falling of
the water occafions a cloud of vapour to
arife, which, by floating amidd the fun-
beams, prefents rainbows to tbe view,
which adds beauty to the tremendous
fcene. The new manufadluring town of
Patterfon is ercdled upon the Great Falls
in this river. Rariton River is formed
by two confiderable dreams, called the
N and S branches ; one of which has its
fource in Morris, the other in Hunterdon
county. It pafles by Brunfwick and
Amboy, and, mingling with the waters of
the Arthur Kull Sound, helps to form
the fine harbour of Amboy. Bridges have
lately been eredted over the Paflkick,
Hackinfac and Rariton rivets, on the
poll road between New York and Phila-
delphia. Thefe bridges will greatly fa-
cilitate the intercourfe between thefe two
great cities. The counties of SuiTex, Mor-
ris, and the northern part of Bergen, are
mountainous. As much as five-eighths
of mod of the fouthern counties, or ^ of
the whole State, is almod entirely a fandy
barren, unfit in many parts for cultiva-
tion. All the varieties of foil, from the
word to the bed kind, may be found
here. The good land in the fouthern
counties lies principally on the banks of
rivers and creeks. The barrens produce
little elfe but fhrub oaks and yellow pines.
Thefe fandy lands yield an immenfe quan-
tity qf bog iron ore, which is worked up
to great advantage in the iron wor'u in
thefe counties. In the hilly and moun-
tainous parts which are not too rocky
for cultivation, the foil is of a (hunger
kind, and covered in its natural date with
dately oaks, hickories, chefnuts, &c. and^
when cultivated, produces wheat, rye,
Indian corn, buck wheat, oats, barley,
flax, and fruits of all kinds common to
the climate. The land in this hilly
country is good for grazing, and farmers
feed great numbers of cattle for N. York
and Philadelphia markets. The orchards
in many parts of the State equal any
in the United States, and their cider is
faid, and not without reafon, to be the
bed in the world. The markets of New
York and Philadelphia receive a very
conGdcrable proportion of their fupplies
from the contiguous parts of New Jerfey.
Thefe fupplies confid of vegetables of
many kinds, apples, pears, peaches, plums,
drawberries, cherries and other fruits ;
cider in large quantities, butter, cheefe,
beef, pork, mutton, and the lefTer meats.
The trade is carried on almod folely with
and from thofe two great commercial cit-
ies, N. York on one fide, and Philadel-
phia on the other ; though it wants uot
i'ood ports of its own. Manufa«ftiires
lave hitherto been inconfiderable, not
fufficient to fupply its own confump-
tion, if we except the articles of iron,
nails, and leather. A fpirit of indudry
and improvement, particularly in nianu-
fadhires, has however, of late, greatly in-
creafed. The iron manufaAure is, of all
others, the greatcft fource of wealth to
the
the State.
Gloucefter,
and other <
the CO. of A
of dreams, 1
thefe works,
a copious fu
fuperior qu;
are no lefs t
v^hich migh
fupply the I
into iron, th
and flitting
containing f
trorks prodi
of bar iron,
quantities ol
nail rods,
pofed there
tons of bar i
of nail-rods
and various
quantities a
are a colletft
Englifh, Sco
ers, and thei
tachment, ai
generally in
people to fc
in this way
nCfs, cudom
fervid, efpe
of people,
with any bt
The people
dudrious, fi
are in this
congregatibi
Pred>yteries
gregations (
of Epifcopal
belides Met
Moravians,
nations live
ny ; and ar<
of the State,
agreeably ti
confcicnces.
called NaOj
care of a fuc
for piety anc
a number ol
ficians, of t
hH3 confider
regulations,
100 dudenti
ern States.
hold, Trent
Eiizabeth-T
ark; andgr
NEW
NEW
(the State. Iron works are er(!Aed in
Gtouccfler, Burlington^ SuiTcx, Morris,
and other counties. The mountains in
the CO. of Morris give rife , to a number
of dreams, neceflary and convenient for
thefe works, and at the farii^ time fnrniih
a copious fupply of wood and ore of a
fuperior quality. In this county alone
arc no lefs than 7 rich iron mirtes, from
v^hich might be taken ore fufficicnt to
fupply the United States ; and to work it
into iron, there are two furnaces, i rolling
and flitting mills, and about 30 forges,
containing from » to 4 fires each. Thefe
yfoAt produce annually about 540 tons
of bar iron, 800 tons of pigs, befides large
quantities of hollow ware, flieet iron, and
nail rods. In the whole State it is fup-
pofed there is yearly made about 1200
tons of bar iron, 1 100 do. of pigs, 80 do.
of nail-rods, exclufive of hollow ware,
and various other cafUngs, of which Tad
quantities are made. The inhabitants
are a colletflion of Low Dutch, Germans,
Englifh, Scotch, Irifli, and New England-
ers, and their defcendants. National at-
tachment, and mutual convenience, have
generally induced thefe feveral kinds of
people to fettle together in a body, and
in this way their peculiar national nian«
ntt», cuftoms and character are ftill pre-
ferv^d, efpecially antong the poorer clafs
of people, who have little intercourfe
with any but thofe of their own nation.
The people of N. Jerfey arc generally in-
duftrious, frugal and hofpitable. There
are in this State about 50 Prefbyterian
congregations, fubjedt to the care of 3
Prefbyteries ; befldes upwards of 40 con-
gregations of Friends, 30 of Baptifts, 25
of Epifcopaltans, ii of Dutch Reformed,
befldes Methodills, and a fettlement of
Moravians. All thefe religious denomi-
nations live together in peace and harmo-
ny ; and arc allowed, by the ronditution
of the State, to worfliip Almighty God
agreeably to the dicElates of their own
cOnfclcnccs. The college at Princeton,
called Na0au Hall, has been under the
care of a fucceflion of Prcfidents, eminent
for piety and learning ; and has furniflied
a number of Civilians, Diviufg,and Phy-
ilcians, of the firfl rank in America. It
hH3 confiderabic funds, is under excellent
regulations, and has generally from 80 to
100 (Indents, principally from the fcuth-
ern States. There are acadtmies at Free-
hold, Trenton, Hackinfak, Orangcdalc,
Elizabeth-Town, Burlington, and New-
ark; and grammar tchouls at Springfield,
Mnrridown, Bordcntown, and Amboy.
There are a number of towns in this
State neatly of equal fize and importance,
and none that has more than 300 houfet
compadlly built. Trenton in one of the
largeft, and the capital of the State. The
other principal towns .irc Brunfwick,
Burlington, Amboy, Bordcntown, Prince-
town, Elizabeth Town, Newark, and
Moniftown. This State was the feat of
war for feveral years, during the bloody
conteft between Great Britain and Amer-
ica. Her lofles both of men and proper-
ty, in proportion to the population and
wealth of the State, was greater than of
any other of the Thirteen States. When
Gen. Wafliington was retreating through
the Jerfles, almoft forfaken by all others,
her militia were at all times obedient to
his orders, and, for a confiderabic length
of time, compofcd the (Irength of his
army. There is hardly a town in the
State that lay in the progrefs of the Brit-
ifli army, that was not rendered fignal,
by fome enterprife or exploit. The ex-
ports from this State in 1801, amounted
to 26,227 dollars.
JV<rw yer/ey Company's Grant cf Lands
lies on the £ fide of Miflifippi River ; S
of Illinois, and N W of the Army lands,
which form the tradl fliaped by the con-
fluence of Ohio with Millifippi.
Nno Xint, a CO. of Virginia, bounded
on the S fide of Pamunky and York riv-
ers. It is about ,^3 miles long, and 1%
broad, and contains 2,74 1 free Inhabitants,
and 3,622 flaves. New Kent court houfc
is 30 miles from Richmond, and as far
from Williamlburg. At the court houfe
is a pod office.
Ni-w Lebanon, a village in the townfliip
of Canaan, Colombia co. N. York, cele-
brated for its medicinal iptinga. The
compa«Sl part of tliis town is pleafantly
fituated partly in an extenfive valley, and
partly on the declivity of the furrounding
hills. The fpriug is on the S fide, and
near the bottom of a gentle hill, but a
few rods Wof the Mafl'achufctts' W line,
and Is furroundcd with fevtral good houf-
es, which aiFord convtnicnt accommoda-
tions for the valetudinarians who vlfit
ihcf'e waters. Concerning the medicinal
virtues of this fpring, Dr. Waterhoufe,
FrofcfTor of the theory and pradlicc of
phyfic, at H.irvard Univerfity, and who
vifited it the fummer of 1794, obferves,
" I confefs myfelf at a lofs to determine
the contents of theft wattrs by chymital
annlyfn, or any of the ordinary teft». I
fufpca
i.i^'.
i ..■■.
'• I.-, if;
NEW
filfpeA their impregnation is from Tome
caufe weakened. Excepting, from their
warmth, which is about that of new milk,
I never fliouid have fufp^fifted them to
come under the head of medicinal waters.
They are lUed for the various purpofes
of cookery, and for common drink by
the neighbours, and I never could difcov-
er any other cffecfts from drinking them,
than what we mijjht eipe(ft from rain or
river water of that temperature. There
was no vifibic change produced in this
water by the addition of an alkali, nor
by a foliition of allum ; nor was any cf-
fcrvcfcencc raifcd by the oil of vitriol;
neither did it change the colours of gold,
filver, or copper ; nor did it redden beef
or mutton boiled in it ; nor did it cxtra(5b
a black tindlore from galls ; neither did
it curdle milk, the whites of eggs or fonp.
The quality of the waters of the pool at
Lebanon is, therefore, very different from
thofe of Saratoga. Thefe are warm and
warmifli, thofe very cold> fmart, and ex-
bilerating. Frogs are found in the pool
of Lebanon, and plants grow and flour-
ifh in and acound it ; but plants will not
grow within the vapour of thofe of Sara-
toga, and as for fmall animals, they foon
expire in it. Hence we conclude that i
thTit fpiritus mineralis, which fome call ae-
rial acid, or fixed air, abounds in the one,
but not in theother. Yet the Lebanon pool
is famous for having wrought many cures,
cfpecially in rheumatilms, fliff joints,
fcabby eruptions, and even in vifceral
ob(lru(5tions and indigeftiotis ; all of which
is very probable. If a perfon who has
brought on a train of chronic complaints,
by intemperance in eating and drinking,
Ihould fwallow 4 or 5 tyiaits of rain or
river water in a day, he would not feel
fo keen an appetite for .-animal food, or
third for fpitituous lupior-j. Hence fuch
a courfe of water drinking will open ob-
ftructions, rinfe out inipiiritica, render
perfpiration free, and tims rcn\()ve that
unnatural lead from the animal machine,
which caufcs and keeps up its diforders.
Poflibly, however, there niAy ht fomtiLing
fo fubtle in thefe waters as 10 tlude thc
fcrutinizing Iisiid of the chvmlfts, fincc
they all allow that the analyTis of mineral
waters is one amnnn ihp mnfl- dillicult
things in the chyniiciil art." A fociety
of Sbahts inhabit tlic S part ot the town
in two fettlcnitnts, one of wiiich, is in
view of the main ftagi-road, which pafles
through t\\\i town. Tlitir iiianufat^urcs
of various kinds arc cmiiderable, and
NEW
very neit and excellent. Tt is 30 Trfife^
E by S of Albany, 103 N of New York,
and 6 W of Pittsfield.
Neio Lebanon^ a pod totvn, Camden co.
N. Carolina, 479^ miles from Wafliington.
NcwlifitA towndiip inCheflcr co. Penn*
fylvania, on the Brandywine.
iVlfw London, a maritime county of Con>
nedlicut, comprehending the S E corner
of it, bordering E on Rliode Ifland, and
S on Long Iflaud Sound, about 30 mile?
from E to W, and 24 from N to S. It
was fettled foon after the firft fettlement»
were forined on ConneAicut River ; and
is divided into 11 townfhips, of which
New London and Notwich are the chief;
It contained in 1756, 22,844. inhabitants,
of whom 829 were flaves ; in i8ooy
34,888, of whom 209 were llaVc.
New^-LonttonySi city, port of entry, and'
pofl: town in the above county, and one
of the mod confiderable commercial towns
in the State. It ftands on the W fide ot
the river Thames, about 3 miles from its
entrance into the Sound, and is defended
by Fort Trumbull and Fort Grifwold,
the one on the New-London, the other on
the Groton fide of the Thames. A con-
fiderable part of the town was burnt
by Benedidb Arnold in 1781. It has fines
b:cn rebuilt. Here are two places of
public worfliip, one for Epifcopalians, and
one for Congregationalifts, about 300
dwelling-houfes, and 4,600 inhabitants.
The harbour is large, fafe atid commodi-
ous, and has 5 fathoms water ; high wa-
ter at full and change, 54 minutes after 8.
On the W fide of the entrance is a light-
houfe, on a point of land which projc<Sk$
confidcrably into the Sound. The ex*
ports for a year ending September 30th,
1794, amounted to 557453 dollars. In
that year t.oco mules were fliippcd for
the Weft-Indies. It is 14 miles fouth of
Norwich, 54 S E by S of Hartford, 54 E
of New-Haven, and 237 N E by E of
Philadelphia. NIat. 41 25, W long. 74
15. The '>vvnniip of New-London was
laid nut : 'ots in 1648, but had a few
Englilliiul litants two years before. It
was cjllcd by the Indian.s Kumea^^ ot Tow
aiv.i^, and from being the feat of the Pe-
tpiot tribe, was calltd Pequat. It was the
Icat of SalUcus, the grand monarch of
Long llland, and part of Connecticut and
Narrag.mfct.
Neu-/.'in./<'n, a fmall townlTiip in Hillf-
borough CO. Ntw-Han-.plliire, incorporat-
ed in 1779, ^'"' contain'. 617 inhabitants.
It lies at the head of Iilack-.r.;tcr River,.
and
>a:d about 3
Sunapee Lai
'N<!v> Lona
«o. Virgihii
ground, and
A court-hou
here in the
for repairin;
lAagacfne of
dnj. It is ^
mond; t^i'^
W by Mir of
iVifw JVfai
Louifuna, it
of the Mifltl
ago, ^d c^
New Jerfey,
Spanifli kitt]
City was pro
itk lat. 36 an<
the mouth <
the hew cit]
4 miles S, an
to crafs a b<
the purcft f|
and fcvcral i
ifelf, by a
ftream, thro
The banks <
ate high, t:
water deet>i
ftored with i
free from w<
bles. On ea
flreets ^ete
alid a road 1
the fame bi
dirc^fled to
health aAd {
ftreet lao fe
Miififippi, V
were diret^i
fame purpof
^art of tht I
like manner,
and improve
city for pul
lots fdr oth
bf I a acres f
hear that th
conclude it I
the vicinity
rcfented as e
beyond defci
cbnfids of m
nut, hickory
one or more
mod evei^ I
from expcrii
tj, and wit
T«b.fa
kE#
N E W
^n^ about 3 miles from the N E <l<ie of
Sunapec Lakr.
New Ltitdon, k port towi^ of Caoipbeli
ca Virginia. It ftapds upon riling
'ground, and contains about ltd houfes,
A court-houfe and gaol. There were
here in the late war feveral work- fliops
fur repairiilg fire-arms, and here is now a
lAagasIne of arms^ tnd a flourifliing,acad-
etoiy. It is ,133 miles W by i» of Rich-
mond; if2 Wof Pcte^lburg, and 393 S
W by A^r of Philadelphia.
Netv Mat/rid, in tne nbirthVrii part of
Louifiaaa, i» a fettlcment on the W bank
of the Mifniippi, comYheuced fome years
ago, iind cdndudled by Col. Morgan of
New Jerfey, Under the patronage of the
Spanifli kittg. The fp^ot on which the
city was propofed to be built is fituated
ifi lat. 36 and 30 N', and 45 mires below
the mouth of Ohio riVer. The limiti of
the hew city of Madrid were to extend
4 miles S, and a VtT from the river; JTo as
to crsfs a beautiful, living, deep lake, of
the purcft fprihg water, 100 yards wide-,
and feveral miles in length, emptying !t>
ielf, by a conftant and riti^id ttarr6#
(tream, through the centre of the city.
The banks of tltis lake, called St. Annii,
aire high, beautiful and pleafant; the
water deet>, clear and fwcct, and well
n°ored with fifli ; the bottom a cfeal: fand,
free fVom woods, flimbs, or other vegcta>
bles. On tzch fide of this delightful Take,
ftreets ^ere tb be laid out, too feet wide,
alid a road to ht continued round it, of
the fame brelMth ; and the ftreets were
diredled to be p'referved forever, for the
health attd pleafure of the citiEens. A
theet 1 30 feet wrde, oii the bank of the
Miflifippi, was laid out; and the trees
were directed to be prefcrTcd for the
fime purpofe. Twelve acres, in a central
part of the city^ were to be prelbrved in
like manner, to be ornamented, regulated,
and improved by the magiftracy of thie
city for public walks ; and 40 half-acre
lots fdr other public ufes ; and one lot
"of 1 a acres for the king's ufc; We do not
h)ear that this fchcme is profecuting, and
conclude it is given up./ The country in
the vicinity of this intended city is rep-
refented as excellenti and, in many parts,
beyond defcription. The natural growth
confiils of mulberry, locuft, faflafras, wal-
nut, hickory, oak, afli^ dogwood j &c. with
one or more grape-vines running up al-
mofl evei^ tree ; and the grapes yield,
from experiments, good red wine in plen-
ty, and with littli lab«ur. In fome of
the low grounds grow large cyprcfs trcts.
The climate is faid to he favolirabit tu
health, and to the Oilturc of fruits of va-
rious kinds, particularly for garden vege-
tables. The pralres or meadows are fer-
tile in grafs, flowetinj plants, ftrawbcr-
ries, and ^vhcrt cultivatid produce good
crops of whear, barley, Indian corn, flaXi
hemp, and tobacco, and are eadly tilled.
Iron and lead mines and fait fprings, it it
averted, are found in fuch plenty as to
afTurd an abundant fnpply of thcfe ne-
ccflary articles. The banks of the MiiB-
lippi, for many leagues in (Stent, com-
mencing about ao miles above the mouth
of the Ohio, are a continued cliaiu of
Hmc-ftone. A fine trafl »)f high, rich,
level land, S W, W, and N W of New
Madrid, about 25 miles widCj extends
quite to the river St. Francis.
Nawmanjlown, Pennlylvania, in Dau-
phin CO. on the £ fide of Mill Creek. It
contains about 40 houfes, and is 14 miles
£ by i^ of Hatrilburg, and 7 a N W by VT
of Philadelphia.
Ne^maVht, a poll town in Rockinghai*
CO. N. Hampflura, N of Exeter, of which
it was fortherly a part, and 13 miles W
of Portfrnouth. It was incorporated iii
t7a7i and contains 1037 inhabitant*.
FofliI (hcllk have been found near La&i-
prey river in this town, at the depth of
17 feel ; attd in fuch i iituatioa as that
the bed of the river cotald never have
been there. The fliells were of 'oyfters,
mufcles, and clams intermvTcd.
Nrwmarketj a village in Ered*rick co.
Maryland, onthehigh road to Frederickf-
town, from which it lies nearly 13 miles
W S W and about 36 N W of the Federal
City. Here is a poll office.
Niwmariet, a village in Dorchefter co.
Maryland; 3 miles N £ of Indian Town^
on Choptank river, 9 N £ cf Cambridge^
and as far N W of Vienna.
Nezvmartet, in Shenandoa*' eo. Virgin-
ia, containiiijj 100 houfes, ao miles S VT
of Woodcock. The inhabitants of tliia
town and Woodflock are Germans.
' Newmaritt, a pofttown in Virginia. Am-
herft CO. on the N fide of James river, at
the mouth of Tye river. It is a fnialt
place, contains a tobacco warchoufe, and
is 100 miles aboVc Richmond, and 378
from Philadelphia.
N-ivmjfict, a port town, Rofs co. Ohio,
465 miles from WaHiington.
Nttv Marlborough^ a townfliip ia Ulfter
CO. N. York. Sec Matlbgrougb.
NevMatliertugl/^ Berldhire co. MafTa-
cliufctts,
IJ
NEW
NEW
chufettB, 43 mi!e> foothwatd of Lenox.
^eTv-Mai-llinrtmb, a tewo in King
George's co. Virginia, on the W fide of
Patowmac river, 10 mils* E nf Falmouth.
NetvMeaJoivs Xiver, Maine, a water
of Cafco Bay, navigable for veflels of a
confiderablc burden a fmall diiUnce.
Ncai'Mexico. See H^exito.
Ne-vp-Milford, a pott town of Connec-
ticut, Litchfield CO. on the E fide of Hou-
faionick river, about iS mile» N of Dan-
bury, 20 S W of Litchfield, and 52- W
by S W of H irtford. The town contains
about 50oh<Mifcs,a church for Epifcopa-
lians, I for Coiij^regationa'ifts, i for Prcf-
byteri.ins, t t'orBsiptifts.and 1 for Qnakers.
Alfd 7 forges, which manufadture aiiim-
alfy 3OOt()n*ofir00,btride8 hollow ware.
Neiu-Milfatd, a poft town at the hiad
of the tide on Slveepfcut river. Lincoln
CO. Maine, lO mile* N W of Wifcvfler.
Neio-MiUf, Burlington co. N. Jcrfey.
Here ts a* pnft o^.ce.
N-tunhiiin, Cape. See NiweHham-
HeivNurtb-lValei, See iP'aits, and
New- Britain.
N'^tv-Orleaiif, the capital of Louifiani,
is fitiiited diretftly on the E Hank of the
Miffifippi, ib.s miles, according to Hutch-
iiis, from the mouth of the river, (later
accotmts fay 95,) and 18 miles from
the lower point of a bend in the courfe
of th<i river called." Le Detour des An-
glois," or Englifli Turn, where the bend
is fo great that veflels cannot pafa with
the fahie wind that coniiutSled tb«m to it.
Lat. 30 a N, Ions;. 89 53 W. "Nothing
•with certainty can be determined refpedb-
ing the time a vclTel may take in failing
from the Balize to New Orleans, a dif-
tanec of 105 mile* With favourable
■winds the voyage has been performed ifl
3 or 4, but it generally takes 7 or 8 days,
and lometinics a or 3 weeks. There is
always fl»oal water near the low points
of land covered with willows. In ap-
proachinj; them a few caih of the lead
will be nccefiary, and in feveral places
there are trees fixed with one end in the
bottom, and the other a little beloiv the
furf»Cf: of the river, and in the f^nie di-
reition with the current, which by con-
rinual fri'ilion of the water are rtduccd
to a point, and as there are inllances of
velfels failing with force againft them,
beino run through their bottoms, and
finking immediately, too much care can-
Apt be taken to avoid them. Attention
fltould alfo be paid to keep clear of the
tce» Ooatiug down the river during the
ioods.* The water is etcry where deep
enough (except at the willow points) to
admit vcfll-ls dofe to cither fliore, whertf
inftead of letting go an anchor, which
would probably be loft among the logt
funk in the bottom of the river, vefTelt
may fafely make fad to trees on the
bank, which are generally tail, and in
fuch abundance in fonie parts, that they
prevent the winds frombeing of that fcr-
vicc to veflels in afcending the Miilifippr,
that might be expccled. It will therefore
be neceflFary for the fake of expedition,
to rigg as many topfails as puflibic, which
commonly reach above the trees, and are
of more ufe than all the other fails togeth-
er. However, care muft be taken to (land
by the halyards, to prevent the wind,
which frei^Hcntly comes in very ftroug
puffs, from carrying away the topmafts,
fails, &c." Hutebint.
The town is regularly laid out, the
ftrccts running at right angles, very nar-
row, and but few of them paved> There
were, in 1788, t,ioo houfes in this towny
generally boilt with timber frames, railed
^bout 8 feet from the ground, with large
galleries round them, and the cellars un-
der the floors level with the ground }
any fubterraneous buildisgs Avould be
conftantly full of water. Moft of the
houfes have gardens. Id March, 1788,
this town, by a fire, was reduced in 5
hours to aoo houfes. It has fince been
rebuilt. The houfes built fince the
lad fire are principally of llrick, with Ha-
ted roofs. In confequence of the foftnef*
oE the bricks, the houfes built of them
are plaiftered on tlie outfide with a thick
coat of mortar, and then painted or white-
waHicd. Thefe houfes arc generally of %
ftories, (a only very handfome are of 3
(lories) and without common cellais.
All the old houfes of wood, are of i' (lo-
ry, raifed from the ground to make arti-
— ^— ficial
* "It it tmpojlble to ancbor nvithout being
expofed /• danger from the grtat trees, "wbicb
frequently came daxvH tvitb the cut rent j but
more efpecially at tbe time of tbe foods, tvbieb,
if any of tbem fhould came gtbioart baw/e,
"wouU mofl probably drive in tbe bov)s oftbt
vejfel ; and there is a certainty of Ufing tbe
ancbars, as tbe bottom of tbe river is very/oft
mud, cifoered tvitb funken li'gs. This fointr
out tbe impnfflbility for vrj^els to navigate up-
on tbe MiJJifippi, unUfs tbey are permitted t»
make fafi to thejbore ; and no veffel can be fail
to enjoy tbe free navigation of tbe river, ifde-
prived of this net^'ary frMlege" Hntchins*
NEW
iicial cellars. A few of tl. houfes h|iTe
piazLas. The public buildings are a
handfome Catholic church, a Govern-
ment houlie for the accoramodation of
the governor and his fuite, a calabuzo or
prifon, which alfo fervesag acourthoufc,
m convent, barracks for the foldicrs. kinjf's
hofpital, and one built for the reception
of lunatics, and a very fmall, inconvenient
market houfs. Real eftate is extremely
valuable, and rents are iom'cthing higher
than in any part of the United Stn(es.
The fide next the river is open, and is I'e-
cured from the inundations of the river,
by a raifed bank, generally called the le-
vee, which extends from the Englifli Turn,
to the upper fcttlements of the Germans,
a didance of more than jo miles. N £
of the town are large marflies, occafiuntd
principally by a gradual del'c-ent, which
IS found from the bank of the river to
the back part of the town. This circum-
ftance tends to render the town unwhole*
feme in fummer and autumn, cfpecially
to ftrangers, but the inhabitants are nev-
er afflidted by the epidemic difeafes which
prevail among foreigners, and live to as
great ages as the inhabitants of the north-
ern parts of the United States. Intempe-
rance is the forerunner and principal
caufe of the deaths of many of the weft-
era people, who carry down the produce,
and indeed a fingle debauch is often found
to throw the mod robuft conftitutinn into
a fever which frequentiv ends fatally;
more efpecially with perAins of plethoric
habits. There is a conununication from
lake Ponchartrain to the town, by means
of the bayouk or creek, St. John, which
runs from the lake a courfe of 6 miles,
till it goes within % miles of the town.
A bar at the entrance of this creek pre-
vents veflels of more than 3 to 4 feet
draught of water from ent<'ring, but num-
bers of fmall craft from Mobile, Penfa-
cola, and the adjacent country, bring their
tar, lime, &c. to market by means uf this
communication. Frum the Bayouk to the
town is a canal of about 2 miles in length,
navigable- for fmall boats only, which
was dug about the year 179*, by order
of the llaron dc Carondcict, who wa:<
then Governor, and called by his r;amc.
At the mouth of tiie Bayouk, where it en-
ters into the lake, is a fmall furt of 6 guns.
A number of dreams which empty into
the lake from the N £ fide, water a rich
and fertile part of W. Florida, as yet hut
thinly inhabited, capable of producing
cuttoo, corn, indijgo, &c. la this part the
NEW
I land is Iiighcr than on the bnnlcs of the
I Miilillppi, and does not require the aiHA'
ance of dykes, in the year i8c2, the
principal iiggrcgate exports of Amtrican
bpanilh produce have been efliniaccd at,
30,000 bales cotton, value D.apoo.ooo
8,000 hhds. fugar, do. 480,000
90,000 bbls. ilbur, do. 402,000
Total, D.i,88c,ooo
There were alfo exported this year of
former crops, about 300,ooolb. indigo,
value D,300,ooo. Confiderablc quantities
of deer fkins, and fonic furs, ,<rc ;:!iu ex-
ported ; alfo tobacco, fait beef and pork,
hams, lard, &c. from the Illinois and Ohio
rivers. Of the cotton which is cxport^jd,
about cue half may be calculated as
American produce, and the flour entirely
fo, as well as the tobacco, fait piuvifions,
&c. The iugar cane is entirely Spaniih
produce, none being raifed in the Ameri-
can fettlemcnts, and it is laid to rome to
maturity in one half the time that it docs
in any part of the W. Indies. There is
a road, which is very good for travelling
on horfebaek, and pailable for light car-
riages from the Engliflt Turn, as far as
Natches, by the banks of the river. A
bar at the principal entrance of the Mif-
fiijppi, renders it extremely hazardous for
veuels of more than 13 feet draught of
water to attempt the pa&. On the mouth
of the river, on the Louifiana fide, is a
blockhoufc, formerly garrifcned and call-
ed Fort Balife, now merely a refidence
for the pilots, who are regulated by aa
officer authorifed by the govcrlituent.
The pilots arc of the lowcft order of peo-
ple, and ao dollars is paid for the pilot-
age of every veflel, large or fm nil, through
the pafs, of al)out one mile and a h.ilf.
The ficc of the country h entirely unf ul-
tivated and niHrihy, as, far »i> i'lut ,l'l- c;i-
uiina, .^0 miles from the mouth o* tli'; r;v.
er. Tiiis fort h garrifoncd, and tnounts
a ffw guns It is cuflomary ior ilic com-
mander of this fort to cxsmine thr p.ipcrs
of al! vd^isls that pafs, and to t.i!:c c«i^ini-
zancc of any which are found r I'-.grtf-
fing ih': laws of the country. .ciUoni-
houfc otiiccr isaiiu always rciiJciU at the
mouth of the river, for the piirpofc <»f
examining veflels. Atttr palling Fort
Placamiua, the country aflumcs a more
improved appearance, and wnlmi 30 or 40
miles of the town, the hanks of the river
arc thickly iettied, and mi^ny very
large and cxptufivc fugir works yre
fecn in pal&ng up the river. Coltua
is
f,
*1
■ 'I
i'l
■5.
If I-
.fr ?!
m
/
NEW
h cultivated above the town. Srcat
quantities of live oak and cyprcfs trees
are to be fouml in every part ol the coun-
try. The vciFcls which fail up the MiiTi-
fippi haul clof'c along flJc the bank next
to New Orleans, to which they make faft,
and t^ke in or difoharge their cargoes
with the fame cafe as at a wharf. Tlfe
foil on the h^ulw of the MilTiflppi, is
pr(.ba!)ly as rich and produclivc M any
in the knDwii world. The cotton plant,
and fug If cine, p;ro\v aIn;oA without la-
bour. It li^s been tlic calculation of the
cotton planters, for fome year* p/tft, that
each h.tnd they c«)u)d employ. Hiould
produce tliem from 300 to 400 dollars
annually. Some plantations have gone
far beyond tiii'i. and one itjft.ince was
known, that two men, by their own la-
bour, in, one year produced cotton that
6)!d for 2 OGO dollars. The importation
ofdavei) Iia» been for fouie years p^fi for-
bidden by the Spanifh government, under-
very heavy penalties ) and although fome
have been introduced, (till the prnhibitisn
has tended to enhance the price of them,
extremely ; (fay from700 to i,%oo dollars,
each.) Tha water of the river is the on-
ly water that is or can be ufed ; it is very,
ajireeable and wholefome, although when
takea from the river, efpccially in the
time of hi^h tides, it has a ye:y nyuddy
and dirty appearance. It isefleemed the
bed in the world for keeping at fea, and
becomes clear- and limpid after fettling a
few hours, although filtering ((ones are
generally ufcd by thofc who can afford
them. The river be^ns to rife about the
id of March, and (n fall about the ifl
of June. The perpendicular rife at
Natches is fald to be 60 feet. "Xhe mar-
ket is fupplicd with wild fowl and poul-
try of every kind ; at the proper feafon«
fevcral kinds of fine fifli, oyflcrs, which
are pafTable, and beef, veal, pork, and
mutton in abundance,as well as vegetables
of every defcription. The cattle arp very
fine and large, though not fat, w^ich muft
be more owing to the want of attention
than any otlicr caufe. The price of beef
fold in the market is limited by the po-
lice at one fixteenth of a dollar per pound,
and other animal food in proportion.
Moft of the tropical fruits grow here in
great abundance. The Spanifli govern-
ment at New Orleans, till its late cefTion
to the U. States, included Louiliana and
Florida. Thp governor of the province
refided at St. AuguAinc in £a(l Florida.
The goverament ^t New Orleans wag of
NEW
the fame kind as ia all the other Spaoifl'^
colonies, the governor being commatrder
in chief of the military force, and ab-
folute judge ia civil uEiir* in general,
with a falary in lieu of all perqui&tes, o£
4,000 dollars per annum. The iotendan)^
had the independent regulation ^ al(
matters touching the commerce of the
colony. The inhabitant)! are principally
of French cxtraelion, and fpcak that Ian-
guage. The officers of government a^d,
the trpopji were entirely Spanifli ; thofe,
with a cnnilderable number of Engliijk
and AmericaWt eoD^'tutc the p.opulation,
of Louifuna, and Wed Florida. The in-
habitants of the pott of New Orleans, are
eAimated to amount (1802) to 10 or
11,000. The number cannot be exadlly
a^crtaincd^ as no, cenfut has been taken.
Payne.
There is realbn to believe that in a,
fliort time, New Orleant will become a,
great and opulent city, if we confider the
advantages of its iituatioa, bi^t a few
leagues from the Cea, on a noble river, ii^
a mod fertile country, under a moft de»
lightful and wholefome climate, within %
weeks (ail of Mexico, and (till nearer the
French, Spanifli, and Britifh W<ft India
iflands, with a moral certainty of its be-
coming a general receptacle foe the pror>,
ducc of that extenlive and valuable conn-
try on the Miffifippi, Ohio, and itt other,
branches ; all which are much more than,
fufiicient to cnfure the future wealthj^
power, and profperity of this city, efpec-
iaily as it is now ia the poflefijion of th«
United States.
Netu Palix, a townfhip hi Ull^er co,
N. York, hounded £ by Hudfon river|[
S by Marlborough and Shawangunk. It
contains 3,255 inhabitants, including 308*
Oaves. The compa(£k part of it is on the 9
fidci of Wall-Kill, and contains about 250
Iioufes and a Dutch church, xo miles from
Shawangunk, 14 S o^ KingAon, ao S Vf
of Rhinebeck, and 80 N of New York.
m'tviptrty a townfliip of Noy^ Scotia, ii^
Hants CO. on the river Avon. The roa4
from Halifax runs part of the way lie-
tween this townfliip and Windfor ; and
has fetUements on it at certain dtflances.
Nenvport, a townfliip in Chefliire co- N.
Hampfliire, £ of Ciaremoat, incorporated
in 1761, and contain^ ia66 iahaliitants.
Neivport,9. maritime co.of Rhode Ifland,
comprehending Rhode Ifland, Canonicut,
Block, Prudence, and fevcral other fmaU
iflands. It is divided into 7 townfliipsj,
39(1 cogtkiai X4)S4j inhabitants.
I jffctviitrtj
Jfrwptrt,
the femi-me
Idand, ftan(
Ifland, 5 mil
(which is 01
Tpreads wed
entrance is <
may anchor
purity. It
futiire pcrio
war ports of
towQ lies M
a* you proct
and exhibit!
harbour, ant
which lie w
pf the town
Fort Wafliin
paired and
fort has been
tween Goat
harbour. N
jioufes, built
inhabitaiitt.
ivotfliip, 4 i
tioualilts, I f
kers, z for
The other p
houfe, and at
ry. The fiti
pre of the (^
appearance.
ted, and a loi
lead up to it
pr Water Are
is at) acadetn;
{edlor yd tii
anguages, Ei
&c. A mar
here in 175;
widows and
fociety as m
far famed for
and the falub
remarkable f(
f-ellent quality
ket furnifhes
No Ufs than (
produced in I
accomm()dati(
numerous p^(
port, anid whi
and H. York,
are faid, by
Tuiierior to ai
|-ope. This t
jured by the 1
trade. A cot
have been lat
f'Jt a year, cnc
NEW
Jfttvfitft, the cliief town of this ce. and
the femi-metropolis of the State of Rhode
Ifland, (lands on tlic S Vf end of Rhode
Ifland, 5 miles frotn the fea. Its harbour,
(which is one of the tinetl in the world)
Spreads weftward before the town. The
entrance is eafy and fafe> and a large fleet
may anchor iu it and ride in perfcdt fe*
purity. It is probable this may, in fomc
future period, become oflp qf the man-of-
war ports of the American empire. The
towQ lies N and S upon a gradual afccnt
as you proceed eaftward from the water,
and exhibits a beautiful view from the
harbour, and from the neighboMring hills
which lie wef^ward upoq, the main- W
pf the town is Qoat Ifland, on which is
l''ort Wafliington. It has been lately re-
paired and a titade^ eredted on if. The
fort has been ceded to the U. States. Be-
tween Goat liland and R. Ifland is the
liarbsur. Newpart contains about 1,000
jkouf«s, built (hiefl; of wood> and 6,739
inhabiuati. It has xo houfes for public
ivotfliip, 4 for Bapti(^, % for Congrega-
tioualilts, z for Epifcopalians, i for Qh^*
kers, X for Moravians, and x for Jews.
The other public buildings are a ftate-
houfe, ;|nd an edifice for the public libra-
ry. The fituation, form and archite<5t-
yre of the l^te-houf(p, give it a pleafing
appearance. It ftands fufficiently eleva-
ted, and a long wharf and paved parade
lead up to it from the harbour. Front
pr Water ftreet is a mile in length- Here
is aq acndetny, under the dire(^!on of a
Jedlor yd tutors, who teach the ie^nied
anguages, Englifli grammar, geography,
J:c. ^ marine fociety was cf^abliflicd
ere in 1 7j 2, for the relief '^^ diftrefled
widows and orphans, and fuch of their
fociety as may need relief. This city,
far famed for the beauty ot its fituation,
and the falubrity of its climate, is no lefs
remarkable fur the great variety and ex-
cellent quality of frcfli fifli whicK the mar-
ket furniihes at all feafons of the year.
No Ufs than 60 diflerent kinds have been
produced in tliis market. The excellent
accommodations and regulations of the
numerous packets, whicli belong to this i
port, and which ply thence to Providcwci;
and U. York, are worthy of notice. 'I'hey
are faid, by European traveller^, to be
fuperior to any thing of the kind in Eu-
rope. Thi? town, although greatly in-
jured by the late war, has a confidcrable
trade. A cotton and duck manut'adory
have been lately edablifhcd. The exports
t'Jt a year, ending Hept. jo, 1794, amountr
NEW
ed t« s 1 1,100 dpllars. It was ffrft fettle^
by Mr. William Coddington, afterwards
governor, and the father pf Rhode Illand,
with 17 others, in 1639. It is 30 miles S
by E of Providence, 14 S E of Briftol, 75
S W by S ot Bofton, 113 E N E of New
Haven, and 292 N £ by £ of Philadelphia.
N lat. 41 2% W long, from Greeawicn, 74
17-
NtiDport, a tnwnfhip in L. Canada, as
miles £ of Afcot, having about 30 in-
habitants.
Nnvport, a fmall port town in Ntwcaf-
tle CO. I7elaware ; on the N fide of Chrif-
tiana Creek, 3 miles W of Wilmington.
It contains about aoo inhabitants, and
carries on a confidcrable trade with Phil-
adelphia, in flour. It is 6 niiles N £ by
N of Chriflia^a Bridge, and 3^ S Wof
Philadelphia.
Newport, a townfliip in Luzerne co.
Penofylvania, on the t> E fide of the £
brancn of ^h^ Sufqi^ehannahjbclow Wilkf-
borough.
Ntviport, a fmall pod town in Charles
CO. Maryland, 1 1 miles S £ of Port To-
bacco, 94 S by W of Baltimore, and 195
S W of Philadelphia.
Ntwport. See 7/!c af Wight County, Vir-
ginia.
Ntvfort, a very thriving fettlement in
Liberty co. Georgia, fituated on a navi-
gable creek, 34 miles S of Savannah, and
7 or 8 S of W from Sunbury. This place,
commonly known by the name of New
port BriJgt, is the rival of Sunbury, and
commands the principal partt>f the trade
of the whole county. A pod office is
kept here.
Nnvftrt, Cocke co. Tcnneflce. Here
is a poll office, 529 miles from Wafhin^
ton.
Nitv River- See Kanbanawa.
Neiv River, in U. Canada, afterwards
c.illed the La Tranche, now the Thames,
by proclamation of July, 1792. fmytb.
Ntiv Roihellr, a poft town in W. Chef-
ter CO. N. York, on L<mg Uland Sound.
It contained 693 inhabitaiitji, or wliom 89,
were flaves, in 1790. In i796,theTe were
100 of the iii'iatiitancs qualified eiedi^nrs.
It is 6 miles S W of Rye, and lo N E of
New York city.
N-iv Salemy Or Pfjuottini, a Moravian
fettlement, formed in 1786, on the E fide
of Huron river, which runs N into Lake
Erie.
Netv Salem, a poft town in Hampfliirc
CO. Mafl'achufetts, bounded E by tlie W
line <»f Worccftcr co. incorporated i75,l«
an 4
I
[■■■M
m
NEW
, and contains T949 inhabitant*. It U 80
miiea W by N of Bufton.
NnvSavuHnat, a village in Burke to.
Georgia, on the S W bank of the Savan-
nah, 12 miles S £ of Auguda. It has a
ware-houfc, and a few dwelling-houfes.
NeufSbaroH, a poll town, Kennebec co.
Maine, 30 miles N W of Aiigufta.
NtW'Sboreham. See Black-ljland,
New- Smyrna Entrancf, or Mcjkita Jnlet^
on the cuaA of Florida, is »bout 11 leagues
N N W, i W from cape Canavcrel.
NewSoutb-Walet. See fV<i/es,Aai New
Britain.
Nenv Spain. See Mexico.
Netv-Hlockbridge, See Stackbridge-Nevi.
Neto-Swedeland, was the name of the
territory between Virginia and N. York,
trhen in pu(reflion of the Swedes, and
was afterwards pofTefTedtor rather claim-
ed by the Dutch. The chief town vras
called Gottenburgb.
Ne^u-Tbamet River. See Thames.
Newton, a pleafHOt townfliip in Middle-
fex CO. MafTachufetts, on Charles river, 9
miles W of Bufton. It was incorporated in
1691, and contains 1491 inhabitants.
Newton, a fmall town in ChcAer coun-
ty, Pennfylvania, aa miles S of Philadel-
phia.
Newton, a townfliip in Rockingham co.
N. Hampihire, on Powow river, adjoiaiug
Amdbury, in Maflachufetts, 10 or ii
miles foucbcrly of Exeter. It was incor-
porated in >749, and contains 450 inhab-
itants.
Newtown, a port town in Fairfield CO.
Connediicut, 9 miles £ N £ of Danbury,
a6 W N W of N. Haven, 61 S W of Hart-
ford, 80 N E of New York. The town
, Aands picaiaiitiy on an elevated fpot, and
was fettled in 1708.
Newtoivn, on Statcn IHand, N. York, is
3 miles N E of Old Town, as far E of
Richmond, and 9 I'outhwcdcrly of New
York.
Newtoivn, a townfliip in Qnetn's co. N.
York, includes all the lilands in the found
Oppiilitc the fame. It is about 8 miles E
of New York, and contains a,3ia inhab-
itants, including 51* flavcs.
Newto7vn, a townHiip in Weft Chefter
CO. New York ; of whofc inhabitants 276
are ele«5tors,
Newtown, a pofl town in Tioga co. N.
York, lies between the S end of Seneca
Lake and Tioga river ; having Chemung
townfliip £,from which it w^ig taken, and
incorporated in 179a. It has 1333 in-
habitauts.
Newtown, a townfliip in Gloucefler co.
New Jericy.
Newtown, a poft town and the feat of
juftice in Suflex co. N. Jerfey, it about 10
miles S £ of Sandyflon. It contains a
large Prefliytcrian church, a ftone court-
houfe and jail. In the town is a furnace
and 4 forges for the manufa<£lurc of iron,
a remarkable caTe,called the Devil's Hole,
and feveral ponds covering from 5 to 100
acres. It is 108 miles N by £ of Phila-
delphia.
Newtown, a pod town and the capital
of Bucks CO. Pennfylvania. It contains a
Prcfl>yterian church, a flone gaol, a court
houfe, aa academy, and about 40 houfcs.
It was fettled in 1725, and is 10 miles W
of Trenton, in N. Jerfcv, and 24 N £ by
N of Philadelphia. There are two other
townfliips of this name, the one in Dela-
ware county, the other in that of Cum*
berland, having 1427 inhabitants.
Newtown, a fmall town of Virginia, fit-
uated in Frederick co. between the N and
S branches of Shenandoah river ; 7 miles
S of Wincbefler, and 173 N N W of Rich-
mond.
New Utreelt, a fmall maritime town of
N. York, in King's co. Long Ifland, oppo-
fite the Narrows, and 7 miles S of New
York city, containing 7 78 inhabitants.
Ntw Vineyard, a town in Kennebeck
CO. Maine, W of Kennebeck river, be-
tween Anfon and Strong, 40 miles N W
of Augufla.
New H'inJfir, a townfliip of Orange co.
N. York, pleafantly (ituated on the weft
bank of Hudfon river, juftabovft the high
lands, 3 miles S of Newburgh,^nd 6 N
of Weft Point. It contains aooi inhab-
itants. A valuable fet of works in this
town for manufadluring fcythes were dc-
ftroycd by fire. In 1795, the legiflature
granted the unfortunate proprietor, Mr.
Boyd, jCi5<3° t" enable him to re-eftablifli
tht:m. The compadt part of the town
contains about 40 houfes and a Prefl>ytc-
rian church, 64 miles N of N. York. The
fummer refidencc of Gov. Clinton was
formerly at a rural feat, on the margin of
the river, at this place.
New Tear's Harbour, on the N coaft of
Staten Land Ifland, at the S extremity of
Sj. America, aflfords wood and good water ;
was difcovered Jan. i, 1775 ; hence its
name. S lat. 54 49, W long. 64 1 1.
New Tear's JJlandt, near the above har-
bour, within which is anchorage at N
half W from the harbour, at the diflance
of a leagues from it.
NiW
ITew fori,
America, ia
and 45 N, an
80 W ; is ab
300 in brea(
by the Atlac
cut, Mafl^achi
V. Canada;
nia, R Jerfej
vided into 31
York, Richmi
Qjieen's, Kinj
Columbia, R(
ton,Saratoga,
kemer,Onond
CTtuben, Onci^
land, Delawa
ric.andGcnm
arc divided in
Freeholders to
Bo. to the valu
Do. who rent t
Other frcehoU(
The numbei
of whom io,6
rivers are Hu
branches. Th
quehannah, til
cipal lakes are
Seneca, Cayugi
The principal
fpreads to the
of N. York. 1
ftimufated by I
Pennfylvaniani
the trade of
lately granted
improving tho
moft fettled pa
ening fuch as 1
northern parts
as pofllhic the (
river, and the
interior counti
ble diflances.
poft roads a fal
•pened betwee
parts of this St
m the Union :
between Hudft
rio are remove
deal to do to c(
nication by tl»<
river to the Mi
generally, ig
mountains ext«
dire<ftion. Bej
tains, however,
*ne rich foil, ,
NEW
NEW
Jfftv) Torkt one of the United State* of
America, it fituated between iat. 40 40
tnd 45 N, and between long. 73 10 and
80 W ; it about 350 miles in length, and
300 in breadth; bounded fouthcafterly^
bj the Atlantic Ocean ; E by Conbedli-
cut, Mafrachufetti, and Vermont ; N by
U, Canada; S W and W by Peiinfylta-
nia, M. JcrJTey and L. £rie. It i> fubdi-
vidcd into 31 countie* as follow*, viz. Ni
York, Richmond, Suffolk, Wc(l Chcfter,
Queen'*, King'*, Orange, Ulfter, Dutcticf*,
Columbia, Rcnflelaer, Wafliington, Clin-
ton, Saratoga, Albany, Montgomery, Her-
kemer, Onondago, Otfego, Ontario, Tioga,
Stubcn, Oneida, Chenango, Eflex, Rock-
land, Delaware, Green, Cayuga, Schoha-
rie, and CenneHce. £Ie(Sor* in thit State
are divided into the following clafles :
Freeholders to the value of ;(iao • - StSiJ^S
Do. to the value of^£0, and under /'lOO 4,n38
' Do. who rent tenement* of 40/. pit aun.Z2,598
Other freehoUen . • . . ^43
Total in 1790, <S4,oi7
The nnmber of inhabitants Is 586,050,
of whom 30,613 ate flaves. The chief
rivers are Hudfon, Mohawk and their
branches. The rivers Delaware and Suf-
quehannah, rife in this State. The prin-
cipal lakes are Otfego, Oneida, George,
Seneca, Cayuga, Salt, and Chautaughque.
The principal bay is that of York, which ;
fprcads to the fouthward before the city i
of N. York. The legillature of N. York, '
ftimulated by the entcrprizing and a<£tive
Pennfylvanians, who are competitors for j
the trade cf the wedern country, have
lately granted very liberal fums, towards
improving thofe roads that travcrfe the
moft fettled parts of the country, and op-
ening fuch as lead into the weflern and
northern parts of the State, uniting as far
as poHlMc the eftablifliments on Hudfon's
river, and the moft populous parts of the
interior country by the neareft pradtica- :
ble diftances. By late eflabliflimcnts of |
poft roads a fafe and diretfi conveyance is i
•pened between the mod interior weftern j
parts of this State, and the feveral States
m the Union : and when the ohftrudlions \
between Hudfon's river and Lake Onta- i
rio are removed, there will not be a great
deal to do to continue the water commu- j
nication by tl>e lakes and through Illinois l
river to the Miffifippi. N. York, to fpeak |
generally, is interfered by ridges of
mountains extending in a N £ and S W
dircdlion. Beyond the Alleghany Moun-
tains, however, the country is level, of a
fine rich foil, covered in it* natural (late
with maple, beech, birch, cherry, focutf,
hickory, and fome mulberry tree*. On
the bank* of Lake Erie are a few chefnut
and oak ridges. Hemlock fwamp* are
interfperfcd thinly through the country.
All the creeks that empty into Lake Erie
have falls, which aflord many cxcrllenC
mill-feats. The hinds between the Sene-
ca and Cayuga Laket, are reprcfcnted atf
uncommonly excellent, being moll agree-
ably diverfificd with gentle rifings, and
timbered with lofty trees, with little un«
derwood. The legillature have granted
a million and a hi;lf acres of land, as a
gratuity to the oftlccrs and foldiers cf the
line of this State. This tradt forms the
military townfhips of the co. of Ononda-
ga See Miiilary TonvKjlipt, and OHondw
go. E of the Alleghany Mountains^
which commence with the Kaat's Kill, on
the W fide of Hudfon's river, the country
is broken into hills with rich intervening
vallies. The hills are clothed thick witb
timber, and when cleared, afTord fine paf-
ture ; the vallies, when cultivated, pro-
duce wheat, hemp, flax, peas, grafs, oats,
Indian corn, &c. Of the commodities
produced from culture, wheat is the prin-
cipal. Indian corn and peas are likewife
raifed fot* exportation ; and rye, oitt^
barley, &c. for home confumption. The
bed lands in the State, along Mohawk
river and N of it and W of the Alleghany
Mountains, but a few years ago was moft-
ly in a (late of nature, but has been of
late rapidly I'eiiling. In the northern and
unfettled parts of the State are plenty of
moofe, deer, bears, feme beavers, martins,
and mod other inhabitants of the forcft,
except wolves. The Balldown, Saratoga,
and New Lebanon medicinal fprings are
much celebrated : thcfe are noticed un-
der their refpcdlivc heads. The fait made
from the Salt Springs here is equal in good-
nefs to that imported from Turk's llland.
The weight of a bnfliel of the fait is 136
lb. [uce ij/wc] A fpring is reported to
have been diftovercd in the Sufquehan-
nah country, impregnated with nitre,from
which faltpctre is made in the fame man-
ner that common fait is made front
the Onondago fprings. Large quantities
of iron ore are found here. A filvcr
mine has been worked at Phillipfburg,
which produced virgin filver. Lead is
found in Herkcmer co. and fulphur ia
Montgomery. Spar, zinc or fpeltcr, a
femi-metal, magnez, ufed in glazings, py-
rites of a golden hue, various kinds of cop-
f 1
('!
I i
P«
ore, and lead and coal
Ktie
mines, are
fouu4
found iu thit State, alfo petrified wood,
plainer of Paris, ifing-glarsi in flieeti, talci,
aii^ cryftdit of variuiitkindit and colours,
tlint, afbetloB, and i'everal other folCls.
A fmall black, (tone has alfo been found,
which vitrifies with a fmall heat; and it
is faid makes excellent glaH. The chief
nianufa(f^ures are iron, glafi; paper, pot
and pearl aflies, earthen ware, maple fu-
gar and molaflcs ; and the citizens in gen-
eral manufa«Sture their own clothing.
This State, Jiaving a (liort and eafjr accefs
ib the ocean 4 commands the trade of a
creat pt-oportiob of the bef^ fettled and
bed cultivated parts of the United States.
Their ex|M}rts t« (he Weft Indies are; bif-
tuit, peas, Indian corn; appilet, onions,
boards, flave.s, iiorfes, llieep,butter,checfc,
pickled oy^crs, beef and pork. Bbt
v'heat is the Haple commodity of the
State, of which no lefs than 677,700 bufh-
cIs were exported fo long ago as the year
1775, befidcs itSSS ^ons of bread, and
3,818 tuns of flour. The increafe fince has
been ia proportion to the increafe of the
population. In wheat and floiir above a
Tnillionbiimeis are now annually ezpiorted.
W. India goods are received in return for
the above articles. Befides the articles al-
ready enumerated^ are exported flax-feed,
cotton wool, farfaparilla, coffee, indigo,
rice, pig-iron, bar-iron, pot-alh, {xatl-afli,
furs, deer-fkins, logwood, fudic, mafioga-
fty, bees-wax, oil^ Madeira wine, rum,
tar, pitch, turpentine, whale fins, fifli, fu-
gars, molafies, fait, tobacco, lard, &c. but
mod of thefe articles are imported for re-
exportation. The e-tports to foreign parts,
for the year ending Sept. 30, J791, 179*.
&c. confiding principally of the articles
above enumerated, amounted as follows ;
in 1791, to 3,505465 dolls. 10 centi,;
J793— 4,535,790 dolls. 35 cents ; 1793—
2,932,370 dolls.; 1794— 5.44^.1 83 dolls.
10 cents; 1795 — 10,304,580 dolls. 78
cents; 1801 — 13,791,476 dollars. This
State owned in 1793, 46,636 tons of fliip-
[>ing, beiides which ftic finds employment
tor about 40,000 tons of foreign vefl'els.
There are in this State, two handfomely
endowed and flourifliing colleges, \\t. Co-
hin\bia, formerly King's College, in the
City of N. Vork, and Union College, at
."^fii'jiitJlady. See New Tori Citj/ and
S.LtneiJa'Jy. Befidcs thcfc, there arc dif-
pctfed in dilTerent parts of the State, 14
i^icorporated Academics, containing in
fin- whole, as many as 6 or 700 dudcnts.
'i'hele, with the eftablifliment of fchools,
I at lead in eVery didri^St of 4 fc^uarc
NEW
mues, for the common branches of add-
cation, mud have the mod beneficial cf-
feAs on the date of fociety. The fumi
graiited by the Icgiflature of this State for
the encouragement of literature fiace the
year i7;|o, ha vie heea very liberal and ia
evincive of the wifed policv, In March,
I796,the legidatur^ grahted tb the regent*
of the Univerfity, who havie by \nf the fu-
pcriptendaiice and nianagetneiti of the lit-
erature of the8tate,reveral large abd valu-
able tradts of land, on the waleri of Lake*
George and Chartiplaiti, and alfo ISovcr-
nor's Ifland in the harbour of New York,
with intent that the rents and income
thereof fliould be by theth applied to the
advancemfcat of literature. At the fame
tinie ther Ranted them ;£i,bbo curreticr,
for the lame general purpbfe. In April,
1794, they ordered to be paid to the re-
genti, ^t,Soo for enlarging the library,
j^soo for A cheihical apparatus, £i,aoa
for ereiSling a wall to fupport the College
grounds, and £5fiOO for ere<King a hall
and an additional wing to the college :
A'fo ;C'*50<) aiinually for 5 years to be
difcretionally diftribiited among the acad-
emies of the State. Alfo £,TSOi for five
years, to be applied to the payment of
the falaries of additional profeflbrs. Iu
their feffions fince 1795, the Aims theV
have granted for the fuppott of the coN
legeA, academies, and of common fchools
throughout the State.have been very lib-
eral. The religious fedks or denomina-
tions in this State are, Enjlifli Prefbyteri-
ansi Dutch Refotra.cd, Baptids, Epifco-
palians, Friends oi Quakers; Oerinan Lu-
therans, Moravians, M^thodids, Romaii
Catholics, Shakers, a few followers of Je-
mima Wilkinfnn at Geneva, and fome
Jews ih the city of % York. The treaf-
ui'y of this State is oae of the riched irt
the Union. The treafurer of the State re-
ported to the legiflatnre in Jan. 1796, that
the funds amounted to 2,1 19,068 dolls. 33
cents, 'which yields an annuity of 334,318
dolls. Befides the above immenfe fum,
there was at that period in the treafury,
£134,307 : 19 : 10^ currency. The abil-
ity of the State, therefore, is iibuiidantiy
competent to aid public inditutions of
every kind, to make roads, credt bridge!!,
open canalsj and pulli every kind of im-
provement to the mod definable length.
The body of the Six Nations of Indians
inhabit the wedern part of this State;
See Six Nationt.
The Englidi language is generall)}
fpokcD throii£hout the State, but is not
» little
li little eon
which is dill
ticularly in
that parr cf
mountains,
mod, if not ••
guage, in a f
ceafc to be i
of Engl i Hi A
ceptible cfi^e
Englidi lang
Knglifli, thei
igrants from
and fome fe\
mans are fe
fome Scots p
county of V
part ,of the t\
of N. York ;
religion, and
of their refpe
ctnigranls ftti
chellc, and or
fccndants.fevi
vfthehighed
The wedern ]
and fettling p
land. There
this State, N.
Nito Tori (
cOmprehendir
Manhattan,
n^ds, and t
Great Barn, L
ten, Bedlow'g,
It containedji
in 1800,60,4^
in 1790, was
New Tori (
point of York]
Hudfon and J
tropolis of thJ
fccond in rani
of the city on I
ahd rapidly iJ
that didance J
Its breadth on|
and Its'circur.
plan of the c^
but is laid out!
tion of the grtf
•vas unoccupic
was laid out ii
nient width, \i
upon the par
The principal
wich the rivcl
though not at [
ning from riJ
•f the drects
^I.V^
N E\V
k little corrupted b^ the Dutch dialedt,
which i« ftill fpoken in Tome counties, par-
ticularly in King's, Ulftrr, Albany, and
that part tf Orange which liei S of the
mountains. But as Dutch frhools are al-
mod, if not wholly difcontinued, that lan-
guage, in a few generations, will probably
ceafc to be ufed at all. And the increafc
of £nglifli fchools has. already had a per-
ceptible effedt in the improvement of the
Englifli language. Bcfitles the Dutch and
.Kuglifli, there are in this State many em-
igrants from Scotland, Ireland, Germany,
and fomc few from France. Many Ger-
mans arc fettled on the Mohawk, and
fome Scots people on the Hudfon, in the
county of Wafhington. The principal
part ^f the two former fettled in the city
of N. York ; and retain the manners, the
religion, and fome of them the language
of their refpedtive countries. The French
etnigranls lettled printipally at New Ro-
chelle, and oh Staten Ifland,and their de-
fccndants.fe'veral of them, have filled fome
of the higheft offices in the United States.
The weflem parts of the State are fettled
and fettling principally from JNew Eng-
land. There arc 3 incorporated cities in
this State, N. York, Albany, and Hudfon.
New Tork Ceunl)^, in the above State,
comprehending the ifland of N. York, or
Manhattan, on which the metropolis
Ibnds, and the following fmall iflands :
Great Barn, Little Bam, Manning's, Nut-
ten, Bedlow's, Bucking.and Oyller Iflands.
It containedjiA 1790, 33,131 inhabitants,
ifk 1800,60,489. The number of Haves
in 1790, was 2,369, in 1800. 2,868.
New Tori City, is fituatcd on the S W
point of York Ifland, at the coufluence of
Hudfon and £a(l Rivers, and is the me-
tropolis of the State of its name, and the
fccond in rank in the Union. The length
of the city on £a(l River is ahiiut 3 miles,
ahd rapidly increafing, but falls fliort of
that diftance oli the banks uf the Hudfon.
Its breadth on an averjige, is about a mile,
and its circumference 5 or 6 miles. The
plan of the city is not perfectly regular,
but is laid out with reference to the fit na-
tion of the ground. The ground which
»va8 unoccupied before the peace of 1783,
was laid out in parallel ftrcets of conve-
nient width, which has had a good effedt
upon the parts of the city lately built.
The principal ftrcets run nearly parallel
wich the rivers. Thefe art interfedled,
though not at right angles, by (Irects run-
nmg from river to rivet. In the width
•f the (Ireett there it a great diverfity.
V«i.. I,
A A a
Water ftrcet and Pearl ftrect, which oc-
cupy the banks of £aft River, are very
conveniently fituatcd fur bufmcfs, but
(hey arc low and too iKitrow ; not ad-
mitting in fome places of walks on the
fides for foot paflcngers. l^ruad Street,
extending ftoni the £xchan,i;c 10 ciiy hall,
is fuilicicntly wide. This was otiginally
built on each fulc of the creek, whici) pen>
ctratcri nimoft to the city hall. This ftrect
is low, but plLal'aiit. But the moft conveni-
ent and agreeable part iif the lity is the
Broadway. It begins at a point which it
foimed I)y the jundtion of the Hudfon and
Eaft Rivers^occupies the height of land
betwtcn them, upon a true meridional line
— rifcs gently to the northward-^is near-
ly 70 feet wide — adorned, where the
fort ftood, (which has lately been level-
led) with an elegant btick edifice, for the
aerommodation of the governor of the
State,and a public walk fromthc extremity
ofthe point, occupying the ground of the
lower battery which is now dcmolifhcd ;
alfo with two £pifcopal churches and a
number of elegant private buildings. It
terminates, to the northward, in a trian-
gular area, fronting the btideweU and
ahns-houfe, and commands from any
point, a view of the Bay and Narrows.
Since the year 1788, that part of the city,
which was buried in ruins duringthe war,
has been rapidly rebuilding, the ftreett
widened, ftraightened, raifed in the mid-
dle under an angle fuflicieut to carry oiF
the water to the fide gutters, and foot-
ways of brick made on each fide. At
this time the part th^t was dcftroyed by
lire is all covered with elegant brick hou-
fcs. Wall ftreet is generally 50 feet wide
and elevated, and the buildings elegant.
Hanover fcjuare- and Dock ftreet arc con-
vcniet.tly fituatcd for bufincfs, and the
houfe!) well built. W.'ii.im ftrect is alfo
elevated and eoiwcnient, and is the prin-
cipal nurkft for letailiiig dry goods.
Many of the other fttects are picafant,
but n'loft of them are irrcguhr and nar-
row. The hoiifcs are generally built of
brick, and the roofs tiled. Thtf are re-
maining a few houlcs built after the old
Dutch manner; but the F.nglilhtafte hat
prevailed aiinoft a century. The moft
mignificcnt edifice in the city is Fiderat
Hiitl. fituatcd at the head of Broad ftreet,
where its front appears to great advan-
t<ige, ill which is a gallery xz feet deep,
gu.irdcd by au elegant iron railing. In
this gallery our beloved IV.'JMngton, at-
tended by the feuatc and houlc of repre-
fentativet,
^' ; '
NEW
N E W
fcntativn, took hi^ o^th of office in the
face of Heaven, and in jprd'cncc of a large
concourfc of people ailenililed in front,
at the commencement of the operation
of the Federal ConQitution, April 33th,
X789. The Nitv York Slati Pri/oH, ii Titu-
ated at Greenwich, ahout 2 mitr* diftant
from the fnuthcrnmoft point of the city,
upon a lot uf .ihout 4 acrcn, nn the E hank
pf Hudfon'N River, and incloCcd by a wall
from 16 to »c) fett high. The building
comprchendi tie following fuhdivifion*
and apartments : x. In the centre facing
Orecnwich rtrect, and in the rear facing
the liver, i» the building containinj; the
apartments for the accommodation of the
keeper and his Mi\»mt», and rooms for
the ulc of the inipe^tors, &c. its dimen-
fions being 64 feet fquare, and in the rear
a fpacious hall. a. Adjoining the fore-
going, on each fide fronting the ftrect, is
a building of the fame height with the
centre, each of which contains 30 prifons
eapahle of containing each 6 prifuners for
lodging. 3. Adjoining, and extending
wefterly on the northerly fide, is a build-
ing of about j6 feet in length, and 36 feet
in breadth, intended for a place of wor-
iliip tor the prifoners. On the foutiierly
fide it a building of the fame dimenfions,
iateoded for the hofpital and dining
apartmentL: adjoining to, and extending
wcderly arcMwo other fets of prifons of
cqui I nxc with thofe in front. To com-
plete che plan, there will be folitary cells
at the end of the lad defcrihed prifons,
each of which calculated to contain 8^ pcr-
font in folitude. Within the walls, work-
ihops arc erctfled, in which the prifoners
are employed at hard labour. The whole
of the buildings will fhew a front and
rear of about 307 feet. The whole is
built of hard ftone. The walls are thick.
The prifon grates are of flout iron bars,
fiteled and hardened. The height of the
whole, except the folitary cells, is 3 (lo-
ries ; the lower one being funk 3 feet be-
low thefurface, is 10 feet from the floor to
the ceiling. The two other (lories are 13^
feet each, between the floor and ceiling.
The building is covered with flate, and
in the centre, over a handfome pediment,
ia an elegant cupola, which commands a
pleafmg view of all the veiTels pafCng to
and from the city through the Narrows,
and down as far as Sandy Hook, and alfo
for fomeconfiderahle didance upHudfon's
River. The other public buildings in the
city are, 3 houfes for public worfliip for
the Dutch Rcfotmed church, 5 Frefbyte-
rian churches, 4 Epifcopal cburchea, 3
for O.rman Lutherans and Calviaifb, t
Friei«ds' mecting.houfes, 4 for Baptifts, j
for Mcthodifh, 1 for Seeeden, i for Uni<
verfalins, 1 for Moravian*, 1 Roman Cath-
olic church, I French Proteflant church,
and a Jews' fynngogue. Belides thefe there
is the governor's houfe, already mention-
ed, a handfome building, the college, gaol,
and fevera) other buildings of lefs note.
The city is accommodated with 4 mar-
kets in diiFcrent parts, which are furnifli-
ed with a great plenty and variety of pro-
vifions in neat and excellent order.
Kind's College, in the city of N. York,
was principally founded by the voluntary
contributions of the inhabitant* of the
province, afllfted by the general aflembly,
and the corporation of Trinity Church :
In the year 1754, a royal charter (and
grant of money) was obtained, incorpo-
rating a number of gentlemen therein'
mentioned, by the name of " The Gov-
ernors of the College of the province of
New York, in the city of New York, in
America ;" and granting to them and
their fuccelTors forever, amongft variou*
other rights and privileges, the power of
conferring all fuch degreei as are ufualljr
conferred by either of the £nglifli univer-
Tities. By the charter it waa provided
that the ptcfident (hall always be a mna^'
ber of tlic church of Englaao, and that m
form of prayer colledkcd from the litur-
gy of that church, with a particular pray>
er for the college, fhali be daily ufed»
morning and evening, in the college chap-
el ; at the fame time, no teft of their re-
ligious nerfuafion was required from any
of the fellows, profeflbri or tutors; and
the advantages of education were equally
extended to (hidents of all denominationt.
The building (which is only ^ of the in-
tended ftru(Sure) confifb of an elegant
(lone edifice, 3 complete (lories high,.witlv
4 (lair-cafes, %z apartments in each, a
chapel, hall, library, mnfeum,.anatomieal
theatre, and a fchool for experimental phi-
lofophy. The college is fituated 6n a dry
gravelly foil, about 150 yards from the
bank of Hudfon's River, which it over-
looks, commanding a mod extenfive and
beautiful profpedl. Since the revolution,
the Icgiflature pafTed an adt condituting
21 gentlemen (ofwhom the governor and
lieutenant-governor, for the time being,
are members eic nffitns) a body corporate
and politic, by the name and dyle of "The
Regents of the Univerfity of the State of
New YorL" They arc cntruftcd with
the
NEW
NEW
the cue of IIter«turc in |eiieral In the
Stale, And have powrr to grant i hartrm
of incorporation for cteOtini; collcgei arid
academic* thi xighout tlu if/tte, are to
vifit ihcfe inttitution* a* often an they
(hall think proper, and report their ftate
to the iegillature once a year. King's
C*Dlltfge, which we have already dcfcribed,
it now called Columbia Ceihjre. 'i'hii col-
lege, by an ȣk of the icgillatiire, palled
In the fpring of 1787, was put under the
care of 34 gentlemen, who arc a body
corporate, by the name and ftyle of " Tlic
Truftccs of Columbia College in the city
of New York." This body po<Ttf4 all the
powers veiled in the governoru of Kiit.^'s
college, before the revolution, or in the
regents of the univerflty, fince the revo-
lution, fo far ■■ their power r{fpe«5ted
this inftitutiun. No regent can he a truf<
tee of any particular college or ac^fdemy
in the State. The regents of the univer-
fity have power to confer the higher de-
ffren, and them only. The college edi-
See hn reeeived no addition fince the
peaee, though the erctSlton of a hail and
i wng have been contemplated, and
fands for the purpofe granted by the leg*
{flature. The annual revenue arifing
firom the eftate belonging to the college,
«telufive of fome bond* which are not at
prefent produdtive, amounts to £i,S3S
t^urrencv. Columbia College confids of
2 faeultici ; a faculty of arts and a facul-
ty of phyflc. The iirft has a prefident
and 7 profeflbrt, and the fecond a dean
and 7 profeTors. The (Indents attending
both the faculties at the beginning of the
year 1795, amounted to 140. The offi-
cer* of inftruiftion and immediate govern-
ment in the faculty of arts, arc, a prefi-
dent, profefTor of mathematics and natu-
ral philofophy, a profeflbr of logic and
geography, and a profeiTor of languages.
To thefc have lately been added a pro-
feiTor of chymidry and agriculture, a pro-
feflbr of oriental languages, a profeflbr of
law,andaprofeflbr of thcFrench language.
In the faculty of phyfic, the dean is ledlur-
er on clinical medicine in the N.York hof-
pital ; and there are the profefl()r{hips of
botany, of anatomy, of the obflctric art,
of materia medica, of the inflitutes of
medicine, of furgery, and the pra(StiLv of
phyfic. Thefc profeflbrs aflbrd the ne-
cenary inflru&ion in the healing art.
The library and mufeum were deflroyed
during the war. Upwards of ,^800 (of
monies granted by the Icgillature) have
been lately ezpctided in books to incrcafe
the library. The phitofophical tppa-*
ratkis is new and complete. The gov-
crnment of the city (which was incor-
porated in 1696) it now in the hand* of a
mrvi or, aldermen, and common council.
I ht city ii divided into 7 wardt, iu each
ot whiih there i* chotcn anniiiilly by the
people, nn alderman and an ainilant, who,
togtiher with the recorder, are appointed
■tnnually by the council of appointment.
'1 lie iniiyor's court, which i* held from
time to time by adjournntent, is in high
reputation a* a court of law. A court
of fcflious is likewife held for tlic trial
of criminal caufus. The fituatiou of the
city is both healthy and picafaut. Sur-
rounded on nil fides by water, it is rcfrcfh-
cd with cool breezes in lummer, and the
air in winter is more temperate than ia
other places under the Hinic parallel.
Thu city is ifleemed the molt eligible fit-
iiation for commerce in tht United States.
It command* the trade of one- half Hew
Jerfcy, mod of that of Connecticut, part
of that of Maflachufetts, almoA the whole
of Vermont, and a part of that of New
Hampfhire, lying on Connedlicut River ;
befide* the whole fertile interior country,
which it pcfietrated by one of the larged
rivers in America. This city and Balti*
more, it ii faid, export three-fourths of
the produce fent from the U. States. Thia
city imports mod of the goods confumcd
between a line of 30 mile* £ of Connedt-
icut River, and 20 mile* Wof the HudTon,
which is 130 mile* ; and between the
ocean and the confines of Canada, about
400 mile* ; a confidcrabic portion of
which is the bed peopled of any part of
of the U, States ; and the whole territory
contains nearly a million people, or one*
fifth of the inhabitants of the Union. Be<
fides, fome of the other States are partially
fupplicd with goods from N. York. But in
the daple commodity, flour, Pennfylvania
and Maryland have exceeded it, the fuper>
fine flour of thofe States commanding a
higher price than that of N.York ; not that
the quality of the grain is worfe, but be-
caufe greater attention is paid in thofe
States tothcinfpeiftion and manufadture of
that article. In the manufa<5lure likewife
of iron, paper, cabinet works, &c.Pcnnfyl-
vania exceeds not only N. York, but all '
her fider States. In times of peace, how-
ever, N. York will command more ciMn-
mercial bufinefs than any town in the U.
States. In time of war it will be infecure,
without a marine force ; but a fmall num-
ber of fliip* will be able to defend it from
liNr
' ; I
NEW
N I A
the mod formidable attacks by fea. A
want of good water has been a great in-
convenience to the citizens ; there being
few wel!8 in the city. Mofl of the peo-
ple were till lately fupplied every clay
with frefh vvater, conveyed to their doins
in Ciifks, from a ptiinp near the head of
Qneeii ftrect, which receives it from a
fpring ahuofl a mile from the centre of
the city. Tliis well is a!>out ao feet deep,
and i tcct diameter. The average quan-
tity drawn daily from this remarkable
well, was 1 lo ho;;flieads of 130 gallons
ea>.h. In fonie hot fummcr days ai6
hogilieails have been drawn from it ; and
what Is very fnigular, there is never more
or Icii than about 3 feet water in the
Well. The v> .ic-r was fold commonly at 3
pence a hogihcad at the pump. The
Manhattan Company now fupply or have
agreed to fupply the citizens with wa-
ter by pipes. On a general view of this
city, as defcribed 40 years ago, and in its
prefent (late, the comparifon is flattering
to the prefent a^e ; particularly the im-
provements in tafle, elegance of manacrs,
and that eafy iinatrcin:ed civility and po-
litcnefs which form the happinefs of fo-
cial intercourfe. The number of inhab-
itanU in the city and county of N. York
in 1756, was io,88t; 1771,31,863; 1786,
43,614; 1790, 33»»3i5 »8oo, 60,489
There is no bafon for the reception of
■vcfleU, but the road where they lie in
Eaft River, which is protc<5lcd from the
violence of the fea by the circumjacent
iflands. The great rapidity of the tides
in the n^irrow channels between Long Ifl-
and and York Ifland, and between Long
iHand and Staten Idand, increafcd by the
water of Hudfon jrnd Eafl rivers, prefer ve«
the clianntl from being obftrutfled by ice;
fo that navigation is always open, except
a few diiys when the weather is uncom-
tnonly Ct vere. The entries from foreign
ports only into tliis port in 1795 were
94T, viz. (hips, r78 — brig«,309 — barq;ies,
g — rno\vs,7 — fthooucrs, i63-^floops, 170.
"Works of defence liave br^n crcifted liere
to a confidcralile extent, and when com-
pleted on the original plan, will alTord
great fecurity to the city, from enemies'
fliips. N York city is 95 miles N E of
Philadelphia, 117 H \V of Hartford, 197
NEof Baltimore, 252 r^ VV of liofton,
375 from Portland, in Mainf, 373 from
Richmond, 6io from Fayctteviltc, 913
from Charlcflown.r'.nd 1,020 from .Savan-
nah. N lat. 40 4* 8, W long. 74 9 45.
iVirw J'ori, an Indian town of the
Creek nation, on Tallapoore river, m
Georgia *, and fo named by Col. Ray, »
N. York BritiQi loyalift.
New Tori IJland, on which the city of
that name (lands, is about 15 miles long,
and docs not exceed two in any part in
breadth. It is joined to the main land
by a bridge, called King's Bridge, xj miici
N of N. York city.
Neiv Yuri, Albemarle co. Virginia.
Here is a pofl; office, 167 miles from
Wafliiiigton,
N-ybe, or Nelva, a fertile plain on the
S fide of the idand of St.Domingo ; bound-
ed E by the bay and river of its name,
on the W by the tivcr of Dames, and the
Pond of Henriquelle. It contains about
80 fquare leagues, abounds with game,
and is a chofen fpot for ilamingoes, pheaf-
ants, and royal or crowned peacocks.
Thefe lafl have a more delicate flavour
and more brilliant plumage than the pea-
cocks of Etuopc. Nine leagues front th«!
W hank of the Neybe is the town, con-<
taining about 'ioo houfes, and, can turn
out 300 men fit to bear arms. This town
is 15 leagues W by N of Azua, and x6
from the point where the line of demarca-
tion cuts Brackifh, Pond. This territory
produces a fort of plaifler, talc, and folul
fait. The natural re-produdlioa of the fall
is fo rapid, that a pretty large hollow is ab-
folutely filled up again in the courfe of a
year. The river might be rendered navi-
gable for fmall craft, and the jjlain is able,
to afford eligible fituations for ijo fugar
plantations.
Nii'gara River and Fall'. Niagara River
connedls the N E end of L. Erie with L.
Ontario, and is about 30 miles in lengthy
from Fort Erie to Niagara Fort, and forms
a part of the boundary between the U*.
States and U. Canada. It receives Chippe-
way or Welland River from the W, and
Toncwanto Creek from the E, and cm-
hofoms Great and Navy Iflands. Fort
.Sludier (lands on the E fide of this river,
near Navy Ifland. The Falls in this riv-
er, are oppofite Fort Sluflier, about 7 or
3 miles S of L. Ontario, and form thi:
[;rcateft ciuiofity which this or any other
country affords. In order to have a tol-
erable idea of this (lupendous fall of wa-
ter, it will be nccciTary to conceive that
parr of the country in which Lake Erie
is fituatcd to be elevated above that
which contains Lake Ontario about 300
feet ; the (lope which fcparates the upper
und lower country is generally very (ieep,
and in many places aUnod perpendicular :
it is forme
great part
Hope may
Ontario, ni
the W end
redkion is
tario and 1
Niagara ai
which it b<
wards Sen
the countr
araifl of N
Genneffee.
have fuppo
em fide of
and that fr
the quantit
which it f
away for ai
Erie,* and
perfon car
Down this c
mofl adonif
makes the
is conftanti;
tion of the i
peA imagir
the falls, tl
arreted, an<
lence. The
at the falls,
this vad boe
that is frequ
ao miles, am
40, and cvei
tremulous n
fevcral rods
fog is conda
in which rai
when the fu
in the winte
bouring tret
duces a mofl
ance : this 1
the Falls of
that the wat
the chafm;
the cataiaiSl
fay only 13
which the '
immediately
273, which
of fiji miles.
Rapids abov
flantly hurri
• Gen. Lit
thrfe falls in \
rrtation of the
t» b* ff» gouJj
I»
N I A
it it formed by horizontal Arataofftone,
great part of which is lime-ftone. The
flopc may be traced by the N fid« of L,
Ontario, near the bay of Torento, round
the W end of the Lake ; thence the di-
rcdtion is generally £. between L. On-
tario and L. Erie it croiTes the (Irait of
Niagara and the Gennefl'ee River ; after
which it becomes loft in the country to-
vardn Seneca Lake. It is to this flopie
the country is indebted both for the Cat-
araifl of Niagara and the great Falls of
Genneflce. The Catara«St of Niagara, fome
have fuppofcd, was formerly at the north-
ern fide of the (lope near the landing ;
and that from the great length of time,
the quantity of water, and the diftance
which it falls, the folid (lone is worn
away for about 7 miles up towards Lake
Erie,* and a chafm is formed which no
perfon can approach without terror.
Down this chafm the water rulhcs with a
mod adoniChing noife and velocity, after it
makes the great pitch. Here the fancy
is confbintly engaged in the contempla-
tion of the mod romantic and awful prof-
pedk imaginable ; when the eye catches
the falls, the contemplation is indantly
arrefted, and the beholder admires in fi-
lence. The river is about 74% yards wide
at the falls. The perpendicular pitch of
this vaft body of water produces a found
that is frequently heard at the diftanceof
aomilc«, and in a clear day and fair wind,
40, and even 50 miles. A perceptible,
tremulous motion in the earth is felt for
feveral rods round. A hcav)' cloud or
fog is conQantiy afcending trcni the falls,
in which rainbows may always be feen
when the fun (hincs. This fog or fpray,
in the winter fcafon, falls upon the neigh-
bouring trees, where it congeals, and pro-
duces a mod beautiful cryftaline appear-
ance : this remark is applicable alio to
the Falls of Genntflee. It is conjcdlured
that the warer niuft fall at leaft 65 feet in
the chal'm; the perpendicular pitch at
the cataradl is 150 feet ; other account<<
fay only 137 feet : to thcfe add 58 fctt,
which the water falls the laft half mile
imiTicdiately above the falls, and we h.ive
27,^, \vhich the water falls in the di'taiice
of y-^ mites. Animals fwimniing near the
Rapids above the Great Cataracl arc iu-
flantly hurried to dcftrudtiou. Jufl bc-
* Gen. Lincohf tvbo vi/ifej ami examined
thrfe falls in iy^^,fays, *• On a careful txam-
Jnatian of the ianh of tie river, tbire appeari
/• bt ttf fjouii found^iion f«r ihii ofinitn"
N r e
low the Great Pitch, the water «nd fo»«
may be fcen puiTed up in large fpherical
figures ; they burft at the top, and pruj.CL't
a column of the Ipray to a prodigimis
height, and then fuhlidc, and are fuccccd-
cd by others \yhich burfl in liice manner.
This appearance is moll rtmArkable about
half way between the ill.itid that divides
the falls and the weft lidc of tlit ftrait,
where the largeft column ol water dc-
fcends. The defcent into the cliatin of
this (lupendous cataradl is very difficult,
on account of the great height ct liie
banks; but when once a perfon has de-
fcended, he may go up to the foot of the
Falls, and take ihelter beliind the <Xc-
fcendiog column of water, between that
and the precipice, where there is fpacc
fuiRcient to contain a number of people
in perfeA fafety.an-'. where convtrfation
may be held without interruption from
the noife, which islefs here than at a con-
fiderablc diftance. On Chriftmas night,
I795» a fevere fhock of an earthquake
was felt here, and by which a large piece
of the rock that forms the famous cata-
radl was broken ofF.
Niagara, a fort and port town in the
State of N. York, fituatcd on the E fid«
of Niagara River, at its entrance int(> L.
Ontario, and oppofite to Newark, in Can-
ada. Niagara Fort is a moft important
pofl, and fecures a greater number of
communications, through a large country,
than probably any other pafs in interior
America. It is about 9 miles bcldw ti;c
catarac'l, 80 N W of Wiilianifourg ou
Gennellee River, .•jyo N \V of Philadel-
phia, and sSo W by N of Bofton. N.
lat. 43 20, W long. 79. The fort \vi»
built by the Frc.".ch about the ye?.i 1725,
and was dclivi.;cil up to the U, State,<,
according to the treaty of 1794, by the
Britifli, in I7y6. Although it is a degrctf
N of ]3o(lf7i, yet the feafon h quite .»»
mild Jicre as at th,n town, and vcgetatiim
quite as CKrIy and forward. It is thoi.n>}u
that the ctimHtc meliorates in the fan.^j
latitude as one proceeds from the Atlan-
tic wcftw.ird.
X:ui>.irn, LitlU; or Fort Fluilicr, nbovc
the (ircHt Falls, on the F. (idc oi N-.aj'.ii.i
River, oppoiite 10 the mouth of the river
Wclland. S/nyib.
NicarL'gna, a lake in the province of
New Spain, i j 7 leagues in circumference.
Its wcflern part is not more tlun aomilu
from the S W coaft of Mexico. It fend*
its waters E to the ocean, by a fpacious
river of its name, which divides the prov-
ince
f;
1
1 ''
14'
m
Mil
\i
NIC
NI G
inee of Nicaragua from Coda Rica This
renders the towns on the banks of the
lake of coniiderable importance, particu-
larly the cities of Granada, Leon, and
Nicaragua. The firft is on the S fide in
lat. IX 8 N, and lon^. 85 xx W, and is 45
niles weftvvard of the city of Nicaragua,
that (Vands at fome difbince S from the
lake. Leon is at the W end of the lake,
and in lat. la N, and long. 87 W. The
lake is interfperfcd with feveral idands,
and full of fifh, but infcfted with alliga-
tors. Nicaragua River empties into the
tet, oppoGtc to the iflaUd of Monglares,
N lat. II 40, W long. 82-47.
Nitat agua, a maritime province of Mex-
ico, having Honduras on the N, the North
Sea on the E, Cofta Rieo on the S E, and
the South Sea on the S W. It is about
400 miles long, and X20 broad. I'he
air is wholefome and temperate, and the
foil fertile, producing quantities of fugar,
cochineal, and fine chocolate. This is
conGdered as the garden of America ; be-
ing fo pleafant and fruitful, that when
the Spaniards firft vi&ted it, they called it
Mahomet's Paradife.
Nicbolat, a county of Kentucky, con-
laining 0,863 inhabitants.
Nieiota/vilU, the county town of the
sboTi CO. iz miles S E of Lexington. It
lias a court houfe and a few dwelling
lioufes.
NieMat, Ca/te St. the N ^ extrtmity of
the ifland of St. Domingo, in the W, In-
dies. It is 2 leagues W of the town of its
name, more commonly called The Mole,
46 leagues N £ by N of Cape Dame
Marie, and, with this cape, forms the en-
trance into the large bay called the Bite
or Bight of Leogane. See Tie Mole,
NicMis, Fort St. on the coaft of Peru,
lies 6 leagues S S £ of Port Cavallo. It
is fafer than St. John's harbour, but af-
fords neither wood nor water.
Nitbols' Stream, in the fame town-
fhip (No. 4) with Great IVoris, enters Pc-
nobfcot River oppolite Marfli's Ifland,
about 6 miles below the Great Falls, and
6 above the head of the tide. It has
large iraAs of valuahle meadow and in-
terval land, and may derive great advan-
tages from its mill-feats.
JMiclifiici, an Indian town on the S E
fide of 'renncflee River, At the point of a
large bend, alMut 36 miles N £ of the
Creek's Crulling Place. Half way bt-
twccn thefc lie* the Crow Town, on the
fame iide of the river.
Nicker, one of the fmall Virgin Iflands,
fituated between Anegada aad Virgfia
Gorda,on the latter of which it is depend-
ent. N lat. t8 30, W long. 65 5.
Nicola, or Nicola Town Gut, on the N E
coaft of the ifland of St. Chriftopher's.
Nicoltt Ri^ir, in L. Canada, a fouthem
water of St. Lawrence, running parallel
with, and a few mil^ only E of St. Fran-
cis River. Its banks are good land, and
fettling faft by emigrattts from New Eng-
land. See SbiptoH,
Nieoja, of St. Lueatr, a town of Cofta
Rico, in the kingdom of Mexico, North
America, having a harbour on a bay of
the N. Pacific Ocean, in lat. 10 aoN, and
long. 88 ro W. About f o leagues diftant
is the bay of Salinas, from whence the
inhabitants of this place procure and fend
to Panama thyurpic ]\iitt of a fhell-fiOi
found in it, R&des fait, honey, maize,
fowls and wheat ; and here is alfo a pearl
fifhery. The town is inland, but fhips
rfde in the river CipaBdos % leagues td
the N W from the ifland of Chira, to
take in goods front it; which river is
navigable f6r large periaguas that bring
down the ^ods to the fliips. The ifland
of Chira affords plenty of freflt water and
provifions.
NiSiau, a river of No7a Scotia, which
waters the townfliip of Annapolis ; on it*
banks are quantities of bog and mountain
ore, where a bloomery has been credted.
NicMifa, Gulf of, is on the E coaft of the
eountry of Honduras, on the Spanifli
Main, having Cape Oracias-a-Dios for ita
N limit, and Cape Blanco, on the S;
Catherine, or Providence, is due £ from
it.
Niebe, or Nejbe, a bay and river on the
S coaft of the ifland of St. Domingo. The
bay is in N lat. 18 3, W long. 73 46.
Nitva IJland, lies S W of Mi(»"ke Bay,
and on the N £ fide of Hudfor 's i^'traits.
Nirua Terra, near the E enc* of Hud-
fou's Straits, in N. America, ir lat. 6a 4
N, and long. 67 7 W, and has high water
on the fpring tide days at 50 min. paft 9
o'clock.
Niganicbe, an ifland on the coaft of Cape
Breton, in the S part of the Gulf of Sc,
Lawrence.
Nigua, a riyer on the S fide of the ifl-
and of St. Domingo. The rivers Nigua
and Jayna are not very far apart ; but
as they advance from their fprings, they
recede from each other, the former run-
ning weftward from the latter. Between
them lies an extenfive and fertile plain.
The (^uaatity of f - gold that was dug
from
from ita ea
and other
greater ami
all the Spai
er. Thefe
ed navigabi
of Nigua <
partly free
Ninety Si
upper coui
Laurens, a]
fee. It con
inhabitants,
fenators to
former and
and I mem
confiderabh
portatioo.
it was form
is 60 miles
W of Char
Georgia, an
May, 1781
fieged by G
fended by
Col. Cruger,
Nipegon,
into L. Sup<
a tribe of 1
near a lake
about half m
Albany Riv
gon is a bm
enters the h
from the to|
It is very na
garter fufpe
Nipiftgbit
of Chaleur
of this nam
by a broad,
^ipiJPtng 1
connecSted w
Nipijfms.
head waters
riors, 300.
Nifao, a r
of the ifland
to the fea o
Nigua Rivei
Nifqueunia
on the Moh
and Schenet^
of the focict
Nittany A
between the
«f Sufquehai
Nivernois,
Lake Ontari
NixoiUon,
NIX
from its eavitiei, its fugar, cocoa, indigo,
and other plantation;, paid duties to a
greater amount thaa thofe now paid by
all the Spanifli part of the ifland togeth>
er. Thefe rivers might be eafily render-
ed navigable. The parifh and fmall town
of Nigua contain about 2,500 petfons,
partly free people of colour.
Ninety Six, formerly a diAriA of the
upper country of Edgefield, Abbeville,
Laurens, and Newbury didriifts ; which
fee. It contained, in 1790, 33,674 white
inhabitants, fent i a reprefentatives and 4
fenators to tht State legiflature, 3 of the
former and i of the latter for each co.
and I member to Congrefs. It produces
confiderablc quantities of tobacco for ex-
portation. Chief town Cambridge, or as
it was formerly called, Ninety Six, which
is 60 miles W by N of Columbia, 147 N
W of Charlefton, 49 N of Augufta in
Georgia, and 762 from Philadelphia. In
May, 17 81, this to.wn was clofely be-
fieged by Gen. Greene, and bravely de-
fended by the Britifli, commanded by
Col. Cruger. See South Carelina.
Nipegon, a large river which empties
into L. Superior, from the N. It leads to
a tribe of the Chippewas, who inhabit
Bear a lake of the fame name, which lies
about half way between L. Superior and
Albany River. Not far from the Nipe-
gon is a fmall river, which, juft before it
enters the lake, has a perpendicular fall,
from the top of a mountain of 600 feet.
It is very narrow, appears like a white
garter fufpended in the air.
Nipifigbit Bay. A fouthern projedlion
of Chaleur Bay is fo called. The river
of this name falls into it frohi the S W,
by a broad, bay like mouth.
Nipijftng Lake is N £ of L. Huron, and
connected with it by French River.
Nipijpns. Indians inhabiting near the
head waters of the Ottawas river. War-
riors, 300.
Nifao, a river which rifes in the centre
of the ifland of St. Domingo, and falls in-
to the fea on the S lide, 7 leagues W of
Nigua River.
Nifqueunia, or Nefligiuna, a fettlcment
on the Mohawk River, between Albany
and Schene«Stady. It is the principal feat
of the focicty called Shatert.
Nittany Mountain, in Pcnnfylvania, is
between the Juniatta and the W branch
«f Sufquehannah River.
Nivernois, a large bay at the £ end of
Lake Ontario.
JfixontcH, a pnft town of N. Carolina,
N O M
and capital of Pafquotank co. ; lies Ott si
northern water of Albemarle Sound, and
contains a court-houfc, gaol, and a few
dwelling houfes. It is 28 miles N £ of
Edenton, and 468 S W of Philadelphia.
Nobleborovgb, a townfliip in Lincoln co.
Maine, incorporated in 1788, and con-
tains 804 inhabitants. It is 10 miles S
£ of New Caftle, and 19% N £ of Bof>
ton.
Nobleborough, a town in Herkcmcr co.
N. York, on. the head waters of Canada
Creek.
Nobfquttjfit, or Nolfcvffet, the N E part
of Yarmouth, in Barnftable co. Mafiachu-
fetts, where are 23 fait works, which
make nearly 500 bufliels of marine fait
yearly, worth 75 cents abufhel.
Nociamixen, a townfliip in Buck's co.
Pcnnfylvania, has 846 inhabitants.
Noddle I IJIand, a fmall, pleafant and fer-
tile ifland in Bofton harbour, Maflachuo
fetts. It is about 2 miles E N £ of the
town, on the Chelfea fliore. It is occa>
pied as a farm, and yields large quantltier
of excellent hay.
Nodway, a river, or rather a long bay
which communicates with James' Bay, at
the S £ extremity of Rupert's River.
Nogales. See fTalnut Hilli.
Noir, or Black River, in Louifiana, mnt
fouthward, and joins Rogue or Red river ;
which fee.
Nair, Cape, on the S W coaft of the ifl-
and of Terra del Fuego, at the entrance
of the Straits of Magellan. S lat. 54 30,.
W long. 73 13.
Noir, Cape, or Black Cape, on the north-
ern fide of Chaleur Bay, is about 7 league*
W N W of Bonaventure.
Noix, IJle au, or Nut IJle, a fmall ifle of
50 acres, near the N end of L. Champlain,
and within the province of L. Canada.
Here the Britiili had a garrifon of 100
men. It is about 5 miles N N £ of the
mouth of La Cole River, 20 N of Ifle La
Motte, and 12 or 15 fouthward of St,
John's.
Nolacbuciy, a river in the eaftern part
of the State of Tenneflce, which runs W
S W into French Broad River, about 26
miles from Holdon River. Near the
banks of this river Greenville College i*
eftablifhed.
Nelin Creek, a branch of Green Rivet
in Kentucky. The land iiere is of an in-
ferior quality.
Ncmani Land IJIand lies a little S W of '
Martha's Vineyard, and is about 3 milc»
long and % broad. It belongs to Dukc'a
ca
N
ih. MafTachufotti. N lat. 41 15, W long.
71 S-
Nvmhre de Dhi, a port to the S S E of
the cape to the caftward of Porto Bcllo,
on the Spanifh Main, at the didance of
itbout 7 leagues. It is at the bottom of a
large deep bay, being wide to the E fide
ill Ut. 9 43 N, and long. 78 35 W. The
{(lands called Baftimerttos arc iu this bay.
L^rgc veflcU fcidom frequent this part
MOW, although there is from 5 tO 8 fathoms,
and cleati ground. Experience pointed
<;iit that they were in danger of founder-
i'lg ai anchor, fuch is the fiiry with which
tlic itd. pours into the bay. Thofe vefTels
tiiat now vifit It, if tlieir bnfirtefs require
any ftay, prcTtr ridi:\; at the Baftimcntos,
or at Porto Btllo.
N^mtre de Dioi, hn the W coafl: of Mex-
ico, «;ii tlie N Pacific Ocean, is a large
rnd populous tou-n, a litilc lo the north-
ward of I he tJopic of Cancer, and 20
h-agitts to the N of Guadalaxara. N lai.
Aj 38, W long. 104.
Niiitame Laif, in N America, eitcnds
from lat. 60 about 50 luiles >f- Its width
is abriut if miles from eaft to weft. It
ilbounds with fine fiftl. Hearne.
Nimefuch, d river of Cumberland co.
Maine. It paffcs to the fca through the
town of Scarborough ; and receives its
name from its extraordini-ry freftiets.
Nunefuch, a harbour at the E end of the
iiland of Antigua. The foad is foul and
full of rocks ; and it has not more than 6
or 8 feet water, except in one place,
which is very difficult.
Noori Ptint, on the coaft of Chili, is
the N point of the bay or port of Coquim-
bo ; the other is called Point Tortugas.
Noobeeva, one of the Ingraham Klauds,
faidto be the parent of them all, fituated
about 10 leagues S W of Ooahoona. Capt.
Roberts named it Adams ; it is the iame
which Capt, Ingraham called Federal JJl-
tind. The lat. of the body of the iflaod is
S j8 S, and nearly in the fame meridian
with Wooapo, between 140 and 14O 10
W long, from Greenwich. All accounts
of the natives concurred, fays Capt. Rob-
erts, in reprcfenting it as populous and
fruitful, and to have a large bay with
good anchorage.
Noijtka. or Kin^ Geutgcs Sound, on the
N W coafl: of N. America, is very cxten-
livc. That part of it where the fl^ips un-
der Capt. Cook anchored, lies in lat. 49
?6 N, and Ion;;. 136 <5 2 W from Green-
wich. Capt. Cook judged the found to
•cctipy a degree r.ud 2 hilt in lat. and 2
Nbii
of long, ezdufive of its arms and branch^!
unexplored. The whole found is fur-
rounded by hijh land, in many places
broken and tugged, and in general eov>
ered with wbod to the very top. The
natives were numerous and Were in pof-
feflloil of iron and beads ; which proba-
bly were conveyed to thent acrofs the
continent from Hudfon's Bay. They are
rather below the middle flze, and befmear
their bodies wii . red paint, but their fa-
ces are bedaubed with various colours.
The Strait De Fuca encdmpaflcs the Urge
clufler of iflands among whibh this found
is Htuatcd. See Fuca, Pintari, Wajbingtaii
IJlandi, and Notth Weft Coifl. It was for-
mally taken pofleffion of by Lieut. Pcarce
of the BritiOi navy, in 1795, in the name
of his Britannic Majcdy.
Nord, Rio del, or Rio Bravo. Sec Norti
River, in the Gulf of Mexico.
Nsyfolk, a populous maritime county of
Muflachufetts, lately taken from the
fouthcrn part of Suffolk co. and lies to
the fouthward around the town and har*
boar of Boflon. It contains 20 town-
fliipfi, bf which Dedham is the feat of juf-
ticc. Number of inhabitants, 17 ,3 16.
Norfolk, a populous county of Virginia,
bounded N by James' River, which di-
vides it from \Varwick. It contains 7,7^8
free inhabitants, and 4,735 flaves.
Norfolk, a pbrt of entry, port town, and
feat of jullice in the above co. on the £
fide of Elizabeth River, immediately be-
low the confluence of the eaftern branch.
It is the mod confiderable commercial
town in Virginia. The channel of the
river is from ,^50 to 400 yards wide, and
at common flood tides has 18 feet watef
up to the town. The harbour is fafe and!
commodious, and large enough to contain
3C0 iliips. It was burnt on the iftof Jan<
1776, by the Liverpool man of war, by
order of the Britilh governor Lord Dun-
mori ; and the lofb amounted to £300,00*
fterliiig. It now contains al>out 500
dwelling houfe.s, a. court-houfc, gaol, an
Epifcopal and Methodift church, a thea-
tre, and an academy. It contains 4,22!
free inhabitants, and 2,7154 flaves. The
town is governed by a mayor and icveral
aldermen. It carries on a briflc trade to
the VV. Indies, Europe, and the different
States, and conflitutts, with Portfmouth,
which ft.uids on the oppofite fide of the
river, a port < T entry. The exports for
one year, cndingSept. 30th, 1794, amount-
ed to i,66o,7j2 dollars. A canal, of 16
miles in length, is now cutting from the N
b.-iinck
branch of
lina, to the
abeth Rivei
Elizabeth I
Merchant v(
within a mil
and here the
.which docs
Morfolk an<
them. It i<
mond, 54 fr<
SuOblk, and
N lat. 36 55
,-. NorfiUk, a
Conneijlicut
the Maflachi
habitants. .
Nor/M Cu
ed on the N
and the rive:
Erie, until it
the Orwell Ri
.N 16 degrees
Thames, and
Until it meets
CO. of York.
, Norman, Ca
foundland Ifla
rcnce, and th<
nay of Mauco
rol. N lat. 51
water at full 1
Norcnba IJlt
Pacific Ocean,
and long. 32 ^
tecond voyage
but did not fir
Norridgetuoc
CO. on Kcnneb
tated in i>88,
ante. It is 10 II
iof Augufla.
name flood
Halifax, where
cend it, after
to the N, ant
town flood,
under Col. H;
Norriton or J\
in Moutgomer
ao mile* N W
bank of the Sc
i'ompaA hoisft
and a handfom
preftrvation of
tory. Ti»''s to
and was the re
philolopher atit
tiittenhauft. In
Wianfion houfc,
Voii,I.
al
i
lei
NOR
NOR
Wanch of Albemarle Sound in N. Caro-
lina, to the waters of the S branch of Eliz-
abeth River. It will communicate with
Elizabeth River 9 miles from Norfolk.
Merchant veiTels of the Urged fize may go
within a mite from the moutbof the canal;
and here the water being frefli, the worm,
.ivhich doei fo much damage to vefTelt in
)<orfolk and Portfmouth, will not afTetft
them. It i( 114 miles £ S £ of Rich-
mond, 54 i^rom Williamfburg, 30 N £ of
SuflTolk, and 389 S by W of Philadelphia.
N lat. 36 SS, W long. 76 a8.
,. Norftik, a townlhip in Litchfield co,
Connei^icut, l^ miles N of Litcliiield on
the Maflachufetts' line. It hat 1749 in>
habitants. .
Norfolk C$u»ty, in U. Canada, Is bound-
ed on the N and £ by the co. of Lincoln
and the river Thames, on the W by L. I
Erie, until it meets the Barbue, (called .'
the Orwell River) thclice by a line running
.N 16 degrees weft until it interfedb the
Thames, and thence up the faid river
Until it meets the N W boundary of the
CO. of York. Smyth.
Norman, Cape, on the TV' ccaft of Hc^'
foundland Ifland, is oh the gulf of St. Law-
rence, and the W entrance of the harrow
bay of Mauco, 20 leagues from Cape Fer-
rol. N lat. 51 39, W. long. 55 58. High
water at full and change at 9 o'clock.
JNoronba Ifiand, Ferdinaode, ill the South
Pacific Ocean, Uid down in lat. 3 56 %
and long. 3 a 38 W. Capt. Cook, in his
tecond voyage^ looked fbt it in long. 32 j, i
but did not nnd it. |
JVbrWi^/xiM'f, a port town in Kenncbcck '
CO. on K«nnebcck river, Miiine, incorpo-
tated in 1^88, and contains 6.';3 inhahit-
ahtt. It is 10 miles W of Canaan, 35 N W
iof Augurta. The Indian town of this
name flood about 40 miles above Fore
Halifax, where Kenncbcck R, as you af-
cend it, after taking a S W courfe, turns
to the N, and forms a poinc where the
town rtood. )t was dcftroycd by a party
under Col. Harman in 17 Z4.
Norriton or Norrijlon^ the principal town
in Montgomery co. Pennfyivania, ib abovt
KO miles N W of Philadelphia, on the N
bank of the Schuylkill, having about 20
i.ompaA houfet> a court houfe and gaol,
and a handlome edifice of Aone for the
preftrvation of records, and an obfcrva-
tory. Th'R town has 9x2 inhabitants,
and was the rtlideiicc of that celcbrAtcd
plulnlbphet aticl philanthrupifl.Dr. David
kUtenbouft. In hib Obferviitory, ncnr his
m^nlion houfe, he was interred, agrcca-
Vou. I. i Bub
biy to his requeft, June, 1796. Hin tomb-
rtone contains nothing but his name and
the finiple record of the days and year*
of his birth and death. " Here, (fays the
elegant writer of his eulogy. Dr. Rujl)
fhall the philofuphcrs of future ages rcfort
to do homage to his tomb, and children
yet unlwrntliail point to the dome whicb
coven it, and exulti^gly fay, " There liea
our RiUinUufc^
North America comprchecJs all tliat
part of the continent of America which
lies K of the irthmus of Darien, extending
N and iB from about the loth dcg. of M
lat. to the K'ortii Pole ; and E and W
from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean,
between the 57th and i68ih deg. of W
long, from Greenwich. Beyond the 70th
degree N lat. few difcnveries have bccii
made. North America was difcovered ia
1495, in the reign of Henry VII. by John
Cabot, a Venetian ; and was thtn thicklr
inhabited by Indians. It is now fuppofeil
that there are not more than two millione
and an half of the aborigines in N. aud
S. America. In July, 1779, Capt. C'jok,
and fince Capt. Vancouver and many
others, have explored and dcfcribed the
wcftern tfoaft of N. America. The formef
proceeded as far as lat. 7 1, when he came
to a folld body of ice from continent to
continent. The interior country hat
been explored by McfTrs. Hearne and
Mackenzie. The former went northward
to the Frozen Ocean,at the moutb of Cnp«
permine River. The latter embarked at
Fort Chepcwyan on the b of the Lake
ot the Hills, in lat. 58 40 N, long, no
.^8 W, in June> 1789, in a cinoe of bircii
bark, witii 10 alli)ciatcs, 3 of whom were
in another canoe. His courfe was north-
wtfterly to feck the Fro/.cn Oci;an.
Mountaiiu .ind vallies, dreary waftts and
\vidc; iprcading fvirefls, lak-.a and rivers,
fucceed eacli other in his d';fcription».
Very fmall hands of wandering favigcs
were the only people he difcovcicd.
After leaving, the Lake of the liiils, he
entered the blave Uivcr, liom which hr
pa<1cd to the Slave Lnke, a larjrc body
of irefli water, in about lat. 6t >nd 62 N,
and long. 110 to lao W. The country
round wears a barren afpecV.but produces
a great variety of beriici, and is covered
with large trees of fpi uce-piiK' and white
birch. Where thefc are deflroved, poplars
fuccced, though none were Icen before.
From this lake lie cnttred Mackenzie's
River, a deep and fpaciovis ftrcam. On
its bankt he friund cacampoicnts of Kuif-
tcneaux
i| ,:»' \ i{ I
WW
"NO R.
NOR
, tenfijix Iii4inn)!. This wandering tribe
' fprcad over a vaft txttnt of conntty
^ 'I'lieir lai';^u;-.j).(^ ie the lame js that of the
natives on tlu. ^v.^tcrs of the St. Lawrcnct
nnil tlie coafl of I.abi .ulur. They arc oi
a moderate fixture,, well proportioned and
' at^liye. Their drefs i.". fiir.i-.lccnur.t^nancf
^open, and eyts black. 'I'hclr wOniCn are
""the moll comely of f..va.!>i.s, and not inat-
tentive to their own ptrlons. but ftijl pay
more altcntion to tlic d(.cor;iiion of the
'men; Tliefc people are afTablc, indulgent
'to t!iclr cliildrtn, and hofpitable ti) tirAn-
■gcrs. Challity they conridcr not as a
virtue ; they ni^ke ri'niporary exchange*
of wives, and a piolTer of th'.ui to (Gran-
gers is a pirt of their hcilpitality ; inccfl
and bcflialiiy are not uiiconmion. Ai
their fnnerals the niournf.i-s cut olf tliii"-
hair, I;;rer,iie ih .ir Ci':ih. lil.icken th-.ir
faecs ; and widows, as in t'le E ifl, I'onie
titritsfacrifioc thcr.iiclvts Snickioi', pre-
cedes ail matters of i-nporr.ini-e. 'i"hi..
lacrcd rite l-tsln rdl dilli.rcnces between
contendhig pcifons; it is never violated.
No petH)!! M'; y join in this folemn ael:,
who has coliabitcd wltli a woman witliin
it4 hours — he "is unclean,"
After proceeding down this river to
!at. 69 1 N, and about li.ng. 134 W, he
reached tlie tide waters of the Frozen
Oecan; but in the middle of July was for-
bidden to proceed any further by cxten-
fivc fields of ice, and returned to Chepcw-
?'an Fort, having been ablent ro2 days,
n Oelober, iy<)'i, he proceeded on a
voyage to the N. Pacific Ocean. I'tom
the' Lake of the Hills he afcended the
Peace River, wliicli in tiic driefl; feafon is
a qunrtcr of a mile in breadth; thel'oil
on eacli fide is Ifvv an J rich. Like oth-
er unehriftianized people, the Indinns on
this river praClife poly;;aniy. 'I'he wo-
men arc in the lowefi: ft't,. of d( bal'cment ;
more indecent and fdtiiy ih'.n the men.
The females perform all the dnid.jery al-
Jotted to brutes in civilized Ibeiety, ex-
cepting what aid they receive from a few
final! dr.gs. While the niei»r.irry notiiin.ir
but agunjhtirwivtsanddKUjjhters folk v
withl'uch opprefllve burdens, tli,it if tluy
lay thtni down thty are un.ildc to railc
them agnin. This help rlie men will not
deign to lend them ; they 'iftcn, therefore,
Jeanagiiinrta tree for a partial, temporary
relief. TIkIc pv;op'e are total {Grangers to
the molt (anple reincdic.Wn time of (Ick-
nefs. At their I'MKrals, among other ex-
travagant tohi.:-;; of giicf, the females,
Svf the dca-ih of a favourite I'vP.!, or huf-
barid, or father, fometimes cut olFa Bftgf r
at the fir ft joint. .Sonic of the old %vomci»
have not 3 whole finger on cither hand.
The property of the pcrfon dtccafcd is
all deftroycd, that the fight of things con-
nci'led with him, may not renew their
gi iff. Thefe favogcs arc great gamellcrs,
pnrfuing the bufincfs fomctimcs forafuc-
cclljon of days and niglits.
In the mountains which feparate the
waters of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans,
are fevcral chafms, winch emit fmokeand
fire \\ith a fulphurcoiu fmell. Findin:j
the ftrcams of thcwcft dfd not tend di-
reiflly to rhe fea, Mr. Mackenzie proceed-
ed by land for a confiderable time, finld-
ing in general a tolerable road or path
made by the favagcs. As he advanced
ne.irer the ocean, the fcttlcmentt of the
natives were more numerous and perma-
nent ; ihc manner of living more com-
tortablc, the (hue of foeiety fomewhat im-
proved : men took a fliare in domeftic
l,iboiirf!, and women were more rtfpe<5ted.
A rchitei^urc was improved ; painting and
carving had made fome progrefs. The
timber of a houfc was fecn hewn on two
fides; tbecnd of the ridge-pole was carved
in the form of a fnake's head ; the inlide of
feveralbuildings were decorated withpain-
ted hieroglyphics. In fome of their villages
are temples fupportcd by pillars, carved
in the fhape of men. Tncfe are painted
black and red. Their waters arc (lorcd
with falmon, and they hofpitahly invite
the ftranger to fltare in their plenty : a
variety of berries enrich the feaft. Cop-
per, iron and brafs arc frequently fecti
near the lea, which the natives, had pur-
chafed of European fltips. The foil it
good ; alder trees arc 7^ ^cct in circum-
ference and 40 feet without a branch ;
cedars are 24 feet it» circumference and
projiortionably high. Willows, fprucc,
l)ircii, and hemlock are common. Their
cauoes of cedar carry 50 perfons. In
fome inftances, when a pcrfon dies he ii
buried till another of the family lliall de-
ceafe, then he is taken up and burned,
. -d the othrr perfon laid in the fame
grave. 'J'hey believe in a good and evil
Spirit, and have fealbns for public and
private worfliip. Inlat. 52 21 33, and Ion.
i28 a W. Mr. Mackenzie reached the
grciU Pacific Ocean, and with Vermillion
infer ibcd <m the fide of a rock by the
lb ore —
'' .'Ui\a;tilr Maclcnaicfrcm Canadt iy lariJ,
the fivcr.iy-fccdmli'fjuly, one thaufanJ
/tvinbundrtdand ninety tbrtc"
■ ' V' ■ .- . Tbi
NOR
NOR
The vafl ItaA of country, lyUig on the
l>a(^ifiL- Ocean, and N W of the U. States,
extending m far N as the couutry is hali-
irablc, is inhabited chiefly by various na-
tions and tribes ot' Indians. The bulian-)
alfo poflefs Luge tra«fU of country within
the, bpaiiilli, American, and Uritilh do-
minions, 'i'hofe parts of N. America,
not inhabited by Indians, belong (ifwc
include Grcr.nlund) to Denmark, Great
Britain, the American States, and S()ain.
Spain claims the Floridas, New Mexico
and Califcrnia. Great Britain claims all
the countty inha!)ited by Europeans, ly-
ing N and £ of the U. iitates, except
'Greenland, which belongs to Denmark,
The remaining part, including Loulfiana,
is the territory of the U. States. The
particular provinces and Statci arc ix-
hibited in the following
TABLE.
Be-
.ong
f c
§ ^Weft Greenland, about
^^
'New Britain
Upper Canada about
Lower Ctnada do.
Newfoundland do.
Countriii, Prov-
iiit't), aiiU
States.
in/j,iNt-
10,000
3 1 Cape Breton Ifland do.
do,
New Brunfwick ")
Nova Scotia "> j
.St. John's Ifland J in
1800
do.
do.
do.
unknown
8o,coo
150,000
7,000
I.QCO
'Vermtmt in
New Hampfliire
Maflachufetts ">
Diftriii^ of Maine j
Rhode Ifland
Coinietfticiit
New York
New Jerky
Pennl'ylvauia.
Delaware
Masylaud
Virj^inia
S i Kentucky
»> I Nortli Carolina
•South Carolina
Ccotjjia
'renncfTee
Ohio
do.
00.
do.
do.
do.
iHo.
do.
do,
do.
do.
dt).
d.\
do.
do.
35.000
X723. 5.000
154,465
183,858
4»».845
^51,719
69,17,1
•.i57.C02
586,050
aii,i-l9
6o2,j,j5
64,-173
34 y. ova
8S6,i49
230,i/3y
478,10.1
345 9-:';
io_-,6oa
4'«.»59
fEM Florida
I Wtft Morida
. •{ N(w Mexico
Wayne C('initVjadiftjiicl:> , ,
r^ • ' >do. 3, ■zoo
Govtrniiunt ^ -"
Indiana Territory, N W 7 1 /
r /3i • T»- S do. 0,407
of (%(iio River j '^ '
Miflifippi Tcriit(jry do. 8,84.:
< LouiUana, lately iiur- ) „ , ...
chafed by the U.Statcs. i '^^ *' 'V"'-'--
uivknown
do.
3 , - — — ; d*>.
o I Citilornia ' do.
• (_ Mexico, or New Spain do.
Kot t/jiiKip'cti^ :i lari'c I'.nevcn county of
Ptnnfylvinia ; in the N 11 cnrner of the
State, on Dth'ware River, which Rparate*
it from N. Jtrfcy and N. York. It is di-
vided into 17 townfliips, and contains
30,062 inhabitants.
A'u/t/j.im/'icn, a townfliip in Buck's co.
Pennlylv.ini.i, has 943 inli,i!>it,ints.
Norib,jni;tt(,n, a town in N(»ith;miptou
CO. Pcrmfylvaiiia, on tlic S W bank of
Lehigh Rivt r, 5 or 6 niiies S W of Btth-
Itheni. It W.is 573 inhabttants.
Nortli.nnjttrin, a co. of Halifax diftrldt,
N. Car4)lin,i, bounded N by the State of
Virginia, containing 12,331 inhabitants,
including 6,206 floves.
Noithtimhto:!, a maritime co. of Virq;in-
ia, on the jioint of the pcninfuLi, wJiich
forms the E fide ot the entrance into
Chcfapcak Bay. It has the ocean E, and
Accomack county on the N. Its l^mth-
trn extremity is Cape Charles, in hit. 37
11 N, and long. 75 57 W, ofF which i.s
the fmall ifland called Smith's Ifland.
Tiiis county contains 3,585 free inhabit-
ants, and 3,1/8 flaves. The lands are low
and fandy.
Noitbitvil>ton Ccttrl Houfc, in the above
CO. where a poi't oiTice is kept, is40n)ilc!«
S by \V of Acccmack court hoiife, 43 N
E of Norfolk, and 239 S of Philadelphia.
Ntirtl.aKifton, a refpedlable pofl town
and capitiil (,f Hampfl\ire co. Rlafl'achu-
fetts, fitUc'tc'.l within a bend of Connct^i-
cnt river, o;i its \V (idc, 40 miles N of
Hartford, an ! 97 W of Bofton. It con-
tains a I'p iciiiui congregational church, a
court lioni'c, g'<ot,p.nd shoot 250dwel!ing-
liciifts, many cX whifh are hanurf):)ie
ijiiililiiigs. its nie.'.dou's arc cxtcnlivc and
fertile-, ;):'.d it carries on a coiifultrahlc
inlind trailc. This townlliip was incor-
porated in 1 0^5, aiid contains 2,190 in-
h.'.bitaiits.
N.'-ihampion^ a townlhip in Burlington
CO. N.Jerfty, which contains about 56,000
aLTL-i, halt of wliicli is under improvR-
mcnt, the other hiUIi niorHy pine barren.
i'hc tliicf place in tiie ti>v.'nl]iip !• called
Mount Holly, It contains ai>out 150
hoiifcs, an Epirco[)i<l church, a Friend's
meeting-houfc, and a markct-liouli;. It is
az miles from 'iVtnton, and 20 from Pliit-
i'delphia. Sec /,/■(,«/.•; I-LHy.
Ntrtubiitbiigi:, A to'.vulliip in Worcsftcr
" C9.
■i!|;
m^A
NOR
NOR
CO. Maflichufetts, forqierly the northera
part of Weftbo; nugh. It \vas iiicorpi'ra-
tfd in 1760, and cotTAins 698 iulial>it;u)t8.
It i« lo miles E of Worcefler, and 36 \V
pf Bofton.
tlortbii ir/ge, 3 townfliip ip Worcefler
CO. Maflaelmfetts, taken from Uxbridgc,
which bounds it on tlie S. It was incor-
porated in 17 72, and contains 544 inhab-
itants. ' Blackftone River runs through
thi< town. It is 13 miles S by E of Wor-
ccft' r, and 45 S W of BoQon.
^T'.r/A Co?r.'/';,,r, one of tl\c V. Stntcs, is
botinded N by Virginia ; K by the Atlan-
tic Occsn ; S hy S. Carolina, and W by
the State of Ttiinoflte. Tt lies between
25 50 and .■;6 30 N lat. and between 76
I and 83 8 \V long, being about 450 miles
in length, and iSoin breadtli, containing
about 34,000 fquare miles. The diftritas
of this State are clafTcd in 3 divlfions,
viz. The Eaf.crn difliridts, PJeriion, Netv-
terii and JVilmirgUM — the Middle diftndls,
Fayeiteville, HiUJhoroughy and Halifax— and
the U^rfsrn diftri(5ts, Morgan and Silljburyi.
The caftern difl:ri<fls arc nn tlic fea-coaft,
extending from the Virginia line fouth-
ward to S. Carolina. The five others
cover the whole State, Wbf the maritime
diftrirts; and the greater part of them ex-
tend acrofs the State from N to S. Thefe
diflriils are fiibdivideci into 58 counties,
which contain 4/8,103 inhabitants, of
whonn 133,296 arc fia^'cs. The chief Wwr/
olN.Caroiina are Chowan and it? branch-
ff, RoanoTtc,Tar, Ne'is.arid Cape Fear or
Clarendon. Mart of tbtff and the fnialler
rivers have '>.irs at their motith.i ; and
the coaft furr:itl;cs no good lisrhours ex-
ctpt <pai>e r.;i.r. There are ircmarhabfc
Jivamps in this St'ite, the one in Curri-
f.ick CO. the other on the line between
this State and Virgin!;!. Zcl Cutriiuck
County, and Difmal. Thcn;r>il re'.narkable
rrmnds .ire All'citiaric, Pamiieo and 'Core
Sound? — the c;;^"*.f, I.ookoiitjHatteras and
Fear; which nre d- rcrllud under their
I'tipct'live n.»mes. Ncv.i)trn is the lar-
cjeft tov. n in the St.ite : ilit other towns
of note .ire lul.nton, V/il.iiiiigton, Haii-
fax, Hilliborouph, .^ )l^n:i:ry and Fayette-
villi ■ 'each rf whlcU h;'vc been, in their
r'ltn?, the ft'.-it of the f-fner.-.! aflcnibly
Ral*igh, fitiK'tcd near tlie centre of the
.Stiitc,' 1,1^' i^.tely been cflaWillud as tlie
jnttropc'is, .ind heie the tlti'verfity of
the folate i> tflil)lini(.d. ' N. Carolina, in
itj: whole v.-'dih, for 60 niilfs from the
fea, ii" a deiid kvel. A KfC"t proportion
of this traft lit& in forcd:.. and is baircn.
On the banks of fome of the t ivem, par.
ticularly of the Roanoke, the land is fer-
tile and good. IntcrTperfcd through the
other parts "arc glades of rich Iwanip;
and ridgea of oal^Tand, of a black, fcitile
foil. Sixty or So miles from the fea, th^
country rifes into hills and mountains, ^i
in S. Carolina and Georgia. Wheat,
rye, barley, oat< and flax, ^tow well in
the back hilly country. Indian corn and
pulfe of all kinds, in all parts. Cotton
and hemp are alfo confidenibly cultivated
here, and liiight be railed in much great-
er plenty. The cotton is phnted ycarlv .-
The ftalic.dics with the froft. Thfc' libour
o'f one man will produce 1000 pounds iii
the feeds, or 250 fit for manufadluring.
The labour of a man and horfe will pro-
duce 700 bufliels of Indian corn annually.
Vines flourilli here, and promife to be an
article of profit. The wine is not infe-
rior to Port. A great proportion of the
produce of the back country, coiifilling
of tobacco, wheat, Indian corn, &c. is car-
ried to market in S. parolina and Virgin-
The fouthern interior counties carry
la
their produce to Charlcdon, and the
northern to Petcrfburg, in Virginia. The
exports from the lower parts of the State
are tar, pitch, turpentine, rofln, Indian
corn, boards, fcantling, ftaves, fliingles,'
furs, tobacco, pork, lard, tallow, bees-wax,
myrtle-wax, and a few other articles,
amounting in the year ending Sept. 30th,
1791. to 524,548 dollars ; in 1801, lo
659,390 dollars. ' Their trade is chiefly'
with the Weft Indies and the liorthcrn
States. ' In the flat country Hear the fta-
coaft, the inhabitant's, during the Aimmcr
and autumn; are fubjct5l to intermitting
fevers, which often prove fatal, as bilious
or rif rvoos fymptoms prevail. The weft-
em hiliy parts of the State are aS healthy
as any part of America, That country
is fertile, full of fpring."; and rivulets of
pure water. Autumn is very pleafant,
both in regard to the temperature and
ferenity of the weather, and the richritfs
and rnVicty of tF\e vegetable proditfkions,
which the feafon afl'ord.s. The winters are
fo mild in fome years, that autifmn may
be faid to continue till fpririg. Wheat
hnivft w in the beginning of June, and
tint of Indian corn early in September.
The l.uge natural growth of the plains,
in tlie low conntry, is .ilmoft univerfally
pitch pine, which is a tall handrome tree,
far Uiperior to the pitch-piiie of the ror-
tliern States. Thin tret may be called
the (liiplc commodity of N. Carolina. It
affoi ds
tffotAt p!
inds of 1
tute at lea
State. N
and red <
abound w
fatter is ai
cattle in w
Jn the mil
which diiF
ers. It ne
on the toi
inay be fo
the tree, a
It is an ev
box- wood.
rctJgiVirg
faparilla, ;
foots. Th
lina was j
JTcveral iro
furnaces ii
and a prop
In the mat
religions at
odift. Th(
which havi
40 years, ai
terians fror
ants of peo
and are exc
trines, dtfcij
of Scotland
diiftrious p
fcveral flou
per part o
Quakers h;
den in Gu
gations at
The Methf
r'ous and ini
t)Iy of N. C
i» law incor
fcach diftriif
of N. Car(
Jiandfomc
6f thisfcmi
in Dec. 175
tees, to en;
ately with
Very good a
er in Willii
3 or 4 othe
note. Nor
growfh.
\i\xx. about
the number
It is now.
State in the
f f this Stat
NOR
NOR
alFordt pitrh, tar, turpentine, and rartous
Kinds of lumber, which, together, con(li>
tute at lead one half of the exports of this
State. No country produces finer white
and red oak for ftavea. The fwamps
abound withcyprefs and bay trees. The
fatter is an evergreen, and it food for the
cattle in winter. The Mifslctoe is common
in the middle country. This is a fhrub,
which difFersin1cind,pcrhaps,from all oth-
ers. It never grows out of the earth, hut
on the tops of trees. The roots (if they
imay be (o called) run under t1ie bark of
ihe tree, and incorporate with the wood.
tt it an evergreen, refembling the giirden
box-wood.' ' In many parts ate found gin-
feifgl Virginia and Seneca fnake-ruot, i'ar-
faparilla, and other medical' plants and
roots. The late war, by which N. Caro-
lina was greatly injured, put a (lop to
feveral iron works. There are 4 or 5
furnaces in the State, that arc in blafl,
and a proportionable number of forges.
In the maritiaie diflridlt the prevailing
religions are the Epifcopalian and Meth-
odic. The wenern parti of this State,
ivhich have been fettled within the lad
40 years, are chiefly inhabited by Prefby-
tcrians from Pcnnfylvania, the defcend-
antt of people from the North of Ireland,
and are exceedingly attached to the doc-
trines, difcipline and ul'ages of the church
of Scotland. They are a regular and iu-
dudrious people. The Moravians have
feveral flourifliing fettlements in the up-
per part of the State. The Friends or
Quakers have a fettlemcnt in New Gar-
den in Guilford co. and feveral congre-
gations at Pcrquimins and Pafquotank.
The Method! fts and Baptifls arc nume-
rous and incre.ifing. The General Aflem-
bly of N. Carolina, in Dec. 17 Sj, pafTcd
ii law incorporating 4P gentlemen, 5 from
tach diftri«5l, as truftees of the Univcrhty
of N. Carolina. ' The" State has given
tinndfomc donations for the endowment
6f this feminary. The General Afllmbly,
in Dec. 1791, loaned ^Sfi^O to the truf-
tces, to enable them to proceed immedi-
ately with their buildings. There is a
t^crygood academy at Warrenton, anoth-
er in WilliamfborouRh, in Granvill^, and
3 or 4 others in the State, of confiderable
note. North Carolina hat had a rapid
growfh. In the year 1710, it contained
but about I2CO fenfible nicn. In 1794,
the number waseftimatcd at nho\xl( jo.ooo,
it is now, in point of numbers, the fifth
State in the Unirn. By the conftitution
fif this State, which was tiitified in Dec.
1796, all legillative authority is verted ii|
two diftin<fl branches, both dependent oq
the people, via. a StHatc and Houfe of
Commojis, which, whcq convened for
bufincfs, are rtylcd tl.c General AlVcmbly.
Thefenate is compofcil of rcprcfentatives,
j I from each co. choitn :inii\ially by bal-
ii lot. The houl'e of conimuns confiiu of
reprelcntative? chofen in the fame way,
a for each county, and one for each of
the towns of F.dc nton.Ncw bcrn, Wilming-
ton, Salifbury, Hilhboroiigh, Halifax, an4
R-iyctteville. The hiftory of N. Carolina
is lefs known tlian that of any other of the
States. From the befl accounts that hilbrjr
affords the firft permanent I'ettlement iti
N. Carolina was made about the year
1710, by a number of Palatines Irom
Germany, who had been reduced to cir-
cumftances of great indigence, by a ca-
lamitous war. The infant colony re-
mained under the general government of
S. Carolina, till about the year 1729, whea
7 of the proprietor;, for a valuable con^
fideration, verted their property and ju-
rifdidlion in the crown ; and the colony
was ereifted into a feparate province, by
the name of N. Carolina, and its prefent
limits ertablifhed by an order of George If.
Nertb Cafile, a townlhip of WcftChefter
CO. N. York, N of Mount Pleafant, and
the White Plains on the borders of Con-
nedticut. It contains 1,168 inhabitants.
North Eaft, a fmail river which empties
in at the head of Chefancak Bay, about 5
miles below Charlertown; only noticeable
for the quantity of herrings caught in it.
North E,aji To-wn, in Dutchefs co. New
York, about 90 miles N of N. York city ;
between Rhynbuck and Connecticut weft
line. It contains 3,2J2 inhabitants.
Nortli Edifo Inlet, on thecoallof South
Carolina, is ii miles from Stono Inlet,
and 3 E N E from South Edirto.
North End, Matthcw'^county, Virginia,
Here is a poll oUkc, 185 miles liom
Walhington.
Northern Indians, thofe wandering tribes
which inhabit that rtgion of N.America,
which lies between lat. 59 and 68 N, be-
ing 500 miles wide, bounded E by Hud-
fon's Bay, W l.y the country of the Ath-
apufcow Indians ; by Churchill R. S, and
by the Dogribbed and Copper Indians N.
In their perfons they arc generally above
the common fizc, rtroug bttt not corpulent.
Tliey are neither atftive not lively in thtii*
difpofitions. They have very low fore-
heads, fmall eyes, high cheek bones, Ro-
man nofct, full checki>,and generally long,
bro^d
'(•
-.' . ■ ■'
NOR
NOR
ibroiid ch'ms. They have 3 or 4 parallel
^rokcs marked buck uu each ciic«k.
They arc moroli, covctcus and un^ifttc-
fui- Always pleading jnivcrty, tliey ari.
xnaftcrt of dec«ptit)n. Wh;n ilicy vifi:
the F.iiglilli fat^urics.to obtain titcir willi-
,ci>, they will groan, ligh, and Ihtd Uar»,
isiilct to be lame, biJncl, bathe one check
in tear*, while tlic other txl.il)i»» a lignif-
icant (mile. The lead rtlp cl renders
them intolerably inib-eut. 'lliey willdif-
^uifc their pcrfnns, chhufi.c tlitir ;i.iiu'f,
and luhorn falfc wiincilcs to evade the
pajment of an honed tltlii. 'jtill they
have I'ome gooel cjualitles ; being niild,
temperate in drinkiiig, never guiity 01
riot and violence. Their marriage* arc
not attcn('td with any ceremony. The
«'omcn liavc noehoiec, but arc betrothed
by their parents in childhood. Meu 40
years old often have wive> 10 or 12. A
inan has as many wives as he pleafes, who
perform all the drudgery, and iiai dell la-
bour. The men are jealous, and divorces
*re common. The only ceremony for
this is a drubbing, and turning the woman
out of doors. There are certain periods
when the women are not allowed to
dwell in the fame tent with fheir hut-
bands. At thofc times tlicy .;: t ibliged
to build a fmall hovel for tli :mi'elves.
The women fometimes turn this cuftom
to tKcir account : wlun they wifli to
leave tlicir hn{ban<^J, ility have only, as
is nccefiVry at thofc periods, to creep un-
der the eves of the tent, for they arc not
allowed to pafs lhroiij;h the door. Some-
times d woman will lo leave herhuibiotd
for 4 or 5 d;iys, tv;o or three times io a
tuonil/. Deliciicy on the part of the huf-
taiicl" <'ori.M(Jsii!4iiiiricM. At thefe periods,
the wunun may not walk on the ice of a
river or lakr, »\or near the pi ice where
the men arc hunting heaver, nor near a
tiding net, which is let, nor n»ay they
«at the head of any anijnal, nor n:,Ty thty
walk in (jr arrc^fs tlic track where the
liead of a deer, iii(H;te,l)cavcr, and f(,vi.r-
iil other animals have beta drawn cr ear-
ned. Many of thofc ritople boil fhtir
food in vellels of I.iich biiik, by c«!iini!;
in hot ftoncs, ami niteii .'or want of wiiiiti
their meat and iijh are eaten raw. Ma;-
licc ;'.nd Mo. id ate arnonji tiuirdaiu-
The water and wouds luriiifli their
fupport ; liib and ganic ar.e plenty. When
thtie f.iil, a black, hard n.ofj from the
rocks is a fubflif.iue. 'I'i.is is boiled,
and affords comfc.ri.'.hk- nouiillinient.
*i heir principal direafts arc the i'curvy.
hi the (Uaits which unite two l.ikes, thev
mi"ht often unite a few nets and fil
gots,
ties.
I confumption, and flux. They have «•
remedies, but the tricks of their conju*
ri>ri>. bupcrllitiou covers their minds
with a difmal veil. The fird f\f[\ cau]{bt
in a new net, mull be bi oiled whole, uot
a joint broken, the bones burned entire,
or the net would not be worth a f.irthing.
y
a lew nets ana lu!
t!ie channel, and catch every fitli that
Ihouhipafs, biiL th':y featter them, faying
tiiat o;»>: net would be jualous of anoth-
er, and not a iiih would be taken. When
any of their principal Indians die, it it
believed thi.y arc conjured to death. So
peuetr<ited are their minds with the pow-
er of nonjurors that only a threat ha*
bc:ii known actually to occaiion death.
For u iieur friend they mourn a year.
Th? iifad arc left on the ground to be
de .'OL rtd by fowls and beaftt. The aged
and fiek, who cannot travel, are left with
a little water uud provifions to die alone.
The a^cd arc always treated with ncg-
ledl, and fed with tKc meaned food. It
has ever been a cullom for a man to
wredle for the woman of his choice. A
weak hufband i* at thC mercy of every
neighbour ftrongcr than himfelf for the
poiTdinon of his wife. He is obliged to
accept a challenge, and if thrown mud
refign the friend of his life. A cuftom
prevails of exchanging a night's lodging
with each others wives. This, inflead of
being eonfidercd as a brutal crime, as tha
pure molality of the gofpel teaches, is a
leal of lading fricndfliip between the two
families. When either of the men die,
the other confidcrs himfelf bound tofup-
port the family deprived of a hulband
and father. Two or three fifters arc of-
ten wives to the fame hufband. Of re-
ligion they fcem more dcftitutc than al-
niofl any other people. Their conjurors
prettiid to convcrfc with fpirits, but nei-
ther tliey nor the people have any juft
ideas of morals or religion. Nothing but
prefciit ptrl<)nal,or domenic evils diuuib
their minds. Of futurity they fecm to
have no idea. To indulge their own paf-
fidiis, and promote their own interell are
their only objedts, total Arangers to tbc
morality of Chriflians, and the benevo-
lence of the gofpel. How deiirable it is
that thd'c dieaiy abodes. 9f pr'^ganif;!?!
fl)Ou!d be cheered with the glad tidingt
of life and immortality. But of this the
proipedi is very remote, their wander-
ing life, their want of that fubordiuatiou
which is common ever among favages,
anii
tad their
ding circu
Ngithtr
groups of
twern the
in Ada, a:
ca. Thef
count of t
counts of
thepi may
equality r
they live
manner, ar
illand aj :
which is CO
the fame fo
difTerentin
an injury
from this p
inflexible i
violent rcvi
the confeq
prompts th{
Nortbfield
Vermont, b
Newbury, i:
It has ao4 i
NortbJtiVif
N part of 1
on the E fit
miles N of 1
of Bofton.
The town w
fomc years ;
The inhabit
but it was f
time. In 17
one third o:
and incorpo
dale. Fort
of this town
NurthficL',
en. N.Hanip!
on the E fid
incoiporated
inhabitant!!.
NiiitlfKhl,
Statcn bland
inhabitants.
Nurlhfitd,
Haven CO. C
office, 10 mil
Congregatioi
North Ha
Hamplbirc,
contain* 6j-
Hampton, an
Noitb ILv
cut, iltuated
fide of fiaftl
uft
but
Hib
to
paf-
are
tUc
cvb-
it \t
Jings
the
dcr-
tiou
gcs.
NOR
«fi4 tJiejr preuHar ftupidity, are forbid-
ding clrcuniftancM. Henme.
Ntttbern Archipelago confifts «>f fcTcral
groupt of illands, which arc fitiiatcd be-
tween the eaftcrn coaft «>f K«mtfeh»tkB,
in Afia, and the weftern couft of Ameri-
ca. Thtfc iflands arc frequented on ac-
count of their valuable fur». If the ac-
counts of navigators who have ^ ilited
then may be credUed, the moft p"rfet5t
equality reigns among thcfe iflandcrs;
they live in the primitive patriarchal
manner, and every perfon looks uiMm his
ifland a« a poflcirion, the property of
which is common to all the individuals ol
the fame fociety. Tliey feem cold aud in-
difFcrent in mod of their actions ; but let
an injury or even a fulpicion ronfe them
from this phlegmatic ftate, they become
inflexible and furious, taking the moft
violent revenge, without any regard to
the confcqueuees. The Icaft affli<aion
prompts them tofuicide.
NortbfieUy a townfliip in Oraose co.
Vermont, between 20 and 30 miles W of
Newbury, in the W part of the county.
It has 304 inhabitants.
NortbJeHf, a plcafant pofl; town itt the
N part of Ha^pfliire co. Maffachufetto;
on the E fide of Conne<ain^Ri»er, 30
miles N of Northampton, SAjW' by W
of Bofton. It contains 1 047nllHibitants,
The town was incorporated in 16^3, and
fomc years after defolated by the Indiaus.
The inhabitants returned again in 1685,
hut it was foon after deftroyed a fecond
time. In 1713 it was again rebuilt, and
one third of the townfljip was taken oflF,
and incorporated by the name of Hinl-
dalc. Fort Dummcr was in the vicinity
of this town.
NurthficU, a fmall town in Rockingham
CO. N-Hainpdiire, tr^ken from Canterbury,
on the E fide of Merrimack River, and
incorporated in 1780. It contains 915
inhabitants.
Naithfu'lil, a townfhip in Richmond co.
Statcn illand, N. York, containing 1,387
intiabit.ints.
Nurtbfitd, a parifli of Branford, New
Haven CO. Coniieiflicut, where is a port
office, 10 miles E of N. Haven. Here is a
Congregational and an Epiicopal church.
North Hairptm, a towilllltp of New
Hamplbirc, in Rockingham co. which
oont»in» 653 inhabitants, taken from
H.impton, and incorporated in 174'Z.
Nuitb riuven, a tcuvnfliip of Conneiili-
cut, iituated in New Haven co. on ilie E
fide of E:ift River, % miles N by IL of N.
NOR
Haven, and .5a .S by W of HartT^ r* 1^
contains 1,1.57 inh;ibit;(ncs. It was kttled
in 1660 by ,^5 men, piiucipally from.S,iy-
br«>ok. This tuvu \t the binh-place of
that learned, pious, .'.tul excellent man,
Dr. Ezra Stjl«s, late prelident of Yale
College.
North Mfmf'ftjrl^A townfliip ui Queen's
CO. Long lfl.iml, N. York ; boundtrt eaft«
eriy by Oyfter Biy, northerly by the
Sound, and S by S. Hempftead. It rou-
taius 2413 inhabitant', of whom ,■.) jite
(laves. In 179ft, a.?* of the inhaivi ;iiti
were qualilitd e!c(flor«. The fail is but
indifltrent.
Nrtb HuHiiijttin, a townfliip In WrftJi
morciand CO. Pcnnlylvania. It has 1,484
inhabitants.
North Ijhn!, on the coif\ of S. Caroli-
na, lies ou the N fide of Winyr.h Hjrb'n: r.
Northlitteil L,iif, ill N. America, is .•■.b otiP
t6o miles R of the head of Chclkrfi(.!il
Inlet ; is fuil of illauds, and about 80 mile*
long, and 25 broad.
North Kiiigjioivn, a town in WtfliingJ
ton CO. Rhode Ifland, which carries on a
confidcrablc trade in thefiflicries, btfide*
fome to the Wcfl Indies. Its harbour \«
called Wickford, on the W fldeot Nsrri-
ganfet Bay, oppofitc the N end of Canon-
icut Ifland. It is about 8 miles N W of
Newport, and aofoutherlyof Providence*
The townfliip contains 2,794 inhabitants;
of whom 39 are flaves.
North Mtiuiitfirt, one of the ridn;e5 of
the Alleghany Mountains, which cxten Jt
through Virginia and Pennlylv?ni,<.
There is a curious fyphon fountain irt
Virginia, near the intcrl'e(fli.>n of Lord
Fairfax'* boundary with the N. Mouo-
tain, not far from Brock's Gap, <in t!ie
ftrcam of which is a j^rid-mill, whicb
grindj 2 buflieis of gr..;in at every (lood
of the fpring.
Northport^ a to\vnniip in Hancock co.
Maine taken' from the northerly part of
Duck Trap PUi'tation, and incorporated
in 1796, h.'.ving 482 inhabitants.
North i?c/,ofFthc irunct of St. Domin-
go, ill the W, Indies, lies in iat. 20 33 N,
and lono. 69 12 W.
North River. See ILJf'm fiivrr.
Nrth Rioer, in Mafrach'.iiV.tts, for itif
fiic, is remark.Tblt for i^i ■.! nib "!' <'HtiT,f
bfing in fonic places r- n;'.'!c than 40 or
Sn ttet wide, yet vcflls of 300 ton-, artf
built at Peinbroke, -iiid flel«i.d to McilTd-
chufetts Bay, i'8 miles dillant, n? the rivff
ruus. It riics iivlndi.m Htad Poiid, in
Pembroke, and luiis a .'"orytiilii e i -.iHrlbJ
_ ,,. . ,„ br;-.vtc»
1 ' ( 1
'III
I 'A
' ,1 '>
S* M
1
■ 1 ■'
■ i' ■. ■
%
N O K
ilctwnn ScituAtc and Marfliflcld. The
f ivfr it iiaviffRUctor hoati to the flrft
ifilll, 5 miles from it* (uitrce. Thence to
the nearcft wattri which run into Taun-
ton Kivcr, it only 3 inilc-t. A canal
to ^oom^ the watcri oftliefe two riv-
«r», which cciininiinicate with Nartaganfet
and Maflachofctt* Bi«yt, would be of
great utility, ai it would fave a long and
danqeriim navigation round Cape Cud.
A'tr/A River, a very copl'iderablc river
6f Nrw Mexico, in N. Amrrica, which
rifin in the N part of it, aud diredU it»
rourfc to, the S £ Mnd eniptict into the
Gulf of Mexico, at the W end, in about
lat. 16 ra N.
, Nertb River, a liranch of Fluvanna
lliver; in Virginia. See Catb and Calf
Ptftiirt, ,
North Salem, a townfhip in Wed Chef'
ter CO. New Yet I:, 'oppolite Ridgcficid in
ConnedVicut. It cuntaint 1,145 >(ihabi>
tantt. ,
North Sea, is k nar.ie that hai been giv>
cn by fcograplicrt to varioua parts of the
occaitu, where they happen, to waQi the
northern parts of the American continent
Or illandf; Thus, the Gulf of Mexico
sod the Atlantic Occap farther to the £,
^om their waters wafliing the N coafl of
l^exicoor New Spain in N< America, and
Terra FIrma in .S. America, have been
^iflinguidied by this name. It hat alfo
been appdtd to the fouthern part of the
Gulf of Me:ilico, in particular by the
Span! iicU, on their croIBn? the inhmus
of D^.ricii, trom the N,to the S cna({, in
opp'*Uionto the Pacific Ocean, to which
tnry give tilt n.imc of the South Sea.
The Atlantic Of'r;in ilfoon the E coaftof
N. America hr.;. Iccn i'omttiines called the
North Sc'.'i ; w!ii.:h uppcllAtioii hat alfo
been givtn to the Frojicn Ocean, from its
bou:Kliiii» N. America on th; north.
I^'ortl) Sow J Piintxt the prt.jecling point
6f land on the N E fide of the ifland of
Antigua, ill the W. Indies, and it about
S S U from Long Idand.
NortLumbcrlanJ, .1 town in Orafton co.
New Hampn^ire. fituated on the £ fide
of Conncdiicut River, at the mouth of
the Upper Amonoofiick It was ineor-
porntecl in ^779, and contains zcj inhab-
itants.
N^rtlumhcrtand, a coUnty of 'Pctinfyl-
vati! I, howided N by Incoming; Sand
W by Dauphin and Mifiiiu counties. It
it divickd into 24 townfliips, and contains
a; ,79; inhabitant*. Chitf towhj Sun>
NOR
Ntrtiumierfami, • floufintiilg poft towo
in the above couniy, fituated on the poii^t
of land formed by the jundUon of the E
and W branches of the Sufquehanaah. It
it laid out regularly, and containi about
itohoufes, a Prelbyicrian church, and
an academy. As the country increafea
above, this will become a place of impor-
tance. It it % milct N by W of Sunbury,
and 134 N W by W of PhiladelDhia.
NorthurrtLarUndf.i county of Virginia,
bounded ti by Chefapcak Bay, and W by
Richmond. It contain* 3,900 free in-
habitantit, ard 3,903 fl^vei. T«h« cburt-
houfe, where a pod office It kept, it i»
miles from Kinlale, 18 from Lancader
court houfe, 86 from! Frederickfburg,
and 3 17 from Philadelphia.
Norlbumbirlaud. County, ill U. Canada, i*
bounded 011 the E by the county of Hail-
ingi, and the carrying place of fhe Pref-
qu' Ifle de Quinte ; on ^he S by Lake On-
tario, until it mcett the wedernmoft point
of Little Bay ; thence by a line running
N 16 degrees W, until it meets the fouth-
ern boundary qf a tradb of laud belonging
to the Miflairag.-i Indiant, and thence
along the traA parallel to L. Ontario, un-
til it meet* the northwenarnmod bound-
ary of ttiJLjonnty Of Hading*. The
ccunt}^ oljHthumberlatid eomprehcnd*
»ii the ifl«MM)ear to it in L. Ontario, and
the bay of Quinte, and the greater parr
of it front* Lake Ontario. Smytb.
North ffalii, a toiya of Caroline co;
Virginia, on Pamunky R.iver, about »
miles below the jun«Skioa of N and S Anna
branches.
NoHb iVeJI Ceajl of America: The
country on the N wedcrn part of the
continent of America, lying on the Pa-
cific Ocean, i* thus denominated. Ac-
cording to accounts given by voyagers tc
this coad, the vad country lying upon it,
with very little deviation, has tli^ ap-
pearance of one continued forcfty being
covered with pines of didcient fpeciet,
and thefe intermixed with alder, birch,
witch-hiiKel, &c. hcfidcs various kinds of
brufliwood ; and the vallies and low
grounds adbrd wild currantg,goofeberriet^
rafpberries, and varioris fJoxvering dirubs.
On the coaft are many ift.mds, fpacion*
bays, conim6(lious harbours, and mouth*
of navigable rivers ; among the former
arc Wafliington, or Queen Charlotte'*
l(1i>nd9, extending fromN lat. 51 42 to 54
r8; W lon^. from Greenwich 129 54 to
133 18. Here are Nootka Sound, Admi-
ralty Bay, and Port Mulgravc, Prince
Wilbanr*
low
t'leti
aha.
ioiU
utha
mer
ttc's
054
4 CO
dnu-
rince
, 1 rimrl
<. r the Ml* \^et.\ C OAST of A>X KK I ( . \ >-^ t li.' .V."' Y.-.x -.
Shewinq (he Pisctnrrn't that liuvf hrrn I
tliu.1t' fiarls.
.i Chart
of A>4KKI( .\>^ til.- MI.K.-ist fOAST of AM.1
isci^vri'-.^- that have hrrn I a My made in.
t/io.\Y /Jiirls.
■ ■''{i/:i;.(;,/,//.,'. /(.• vr.
,. i - ■■i;^
'♦
a
-m»>-
William's S
ninfula of
rounding ii
Sound; tvhi
ring's Strai
by numerou
each trfte a
and governe
differ ffohi <
and cufloms,
It is impofEl
grce of certa
tants ; hut t
xo,ooo, from
River, an ci
The natives s
ftature, their i
general flat a
bones and flat
and regular,
lighter than
fome of their
Both fcxes are
felvcs with be
generally paii
They have a <
tadinal flit in
mouth and chi
as the moutii, i
«f bone, wood
in it, from wh
low as the chii
greater unifor
diflTcrcbt tribes
The aperture t
chin, feems cor
River and Prin
the wooden or;
worn hv the %
the coart from
Charlotte's If!
wholly fubfift
Their clothing
imals and birds
ty manner, and
filth and indole
civilized nation
liitherto, has b
lives for furs ;w
for pieces of iro
and other triflir
carried to Chin
profit. The flcin
'ea otter, racoon
faHefs maiimiot
which might b(
C"Pper, oil, fpai
lies of falmon.
1788, there had
"'••coafl 9 veil
Vol. I,
•Mm-r-'^-
NOR
NOR
William's Sound, Cook's River ; the pe-
ninfula of Alalka, and the iflands fur-
rounding it, Bridol Bay, and Norton
Sound ; which laft lie S caftward of Bch-
ring's Straits. The coaft is inhabited
by numerous but fmail tribes of Indians ;
each tr^be appearing t* be independent,
and governed by its own chief. They
differ frohi each other in their language
and cudoms, and are frequently at war.
It is impoflible to afccrtain with any de-
gree of certainty the number of inhabi-
tants ; but they have been computed at
10,000, from Nontka Sound to Cook's
River, an extent of about 1,000 miles.
The natives are for the mo"' part fliort in
ftature, their faces, men and women, are in
general flat and round, with high cheek
bones and flat nofes,aud their teeth white
and regular. Their complexions are
lighter than the fouthern Indians, and
fome of their women have rafv cheeks.
Both fexesare fond of ornamenting them-
felvcs with beads and trinkets, and they
generally paint their hands and faces.
They have a cuflom of making a longi-
tadinal flit in the under lip, between the
mouth and chin, fome of them as large
as the moutii, in which they wear a piece
of bone, wood or ivory, fitted with holes
in it, from which they fufpend beads as
low as the chin. There appears to be a
greater uniformity in the drefs of the
difTcrebt tribes, thkn in their ornaments.
The aperture or fecond mouth, above the
chin, feems confined to the men of Cook's
River and Prince William's Sound; whilfl
the wooden ornament in the under lip is
worn bv the tvomen only, in that part of
the coaft from Port Mulgrave to Queen
Charlotte's Idands. The inhabitants
wholly fdbfift by fifliing and hunting.
Their clothing is made of the fkins of an-
imals and birds. They live in a very dir-
ty manner, and are a complete pitflurc of
filth and indolence. The chief objedl of
civilized nations in navigating this coafl
hitherto, has been to ttailicwith the na-
tives for furs ; which they give in exchange
for pieces nf iron, nails, beads, penknives,
and other trifling trinkets. Thefe furs are
carried to China, and difpofcd of to great
protit. The fkins nbtained are thnfe of the
lea otter, racoon, pme martin, land heaver,
taritfs maiiimot, &c. The other articles
which might be procured, are ginfeng,
cnpper, oil, fpars, &c. with great quanti-
ties of falmon. I'rom 1785 to February,
1788, there had arrived at China from
tliis coaft 9 vcliels of different nations.
Vol. I. C c c
Six of thefe had furs, fold for 96,84a dol-
lars ; a French fliips, 54,837 dolls, and
17,000 fkins imported by the Spaniard*
unfold. What furs the Ruffians procure
is not known, as they never carry them
to Canton. In lat. 5% 21 33 N,on a riv-
er crowded with falmon, are fome popu-
lous villages, who have made fome ad-
vance towards civilization. Painting and
fculpturc being in a ftate of confidetdble
improvement. They have forms of wor-
fhip which they attend at ftated periods
in a public manner. Their dead they
burn. One of their temples is 50 feet by
45, fupported by 14 pillars or pofls, 8 or
9 feet high. The two centre polh at
each end are 'if feet diameter, and carved
into human form, fupporting two ridge
poles on their heads, 12 feet from the
ground. The hands of one are placed
on his knees, as if he fupported the rooC
with difliculty ; the other flands at his
eafc with his hands on his hips. The pofl;»,
poles, and pillarsare painted red and black.
Some of their timber for building is hewn
on 2 fides, and the buildings are often dec-
orated with hieroglyphic paintings, dt
fanciful carvings. I In . confequeuce of ail
expedition undertaken in 1787, Capt. Jt
Kendrick, of the fhip Columbia, while
profecuting aiv advantageous voyage witfi
the natives for furs, purchafed of them^
it is faid, for the owners, a tra<n: of de^
lightful country, comprehending four de-
grees of latitude, or 240 miles fquare.
The deeds are faid to be in China, and
regiftered in the office of the American
conful ; the agents in London are author-
ifed to treat with any gentlemen or ailb-
ciation for the purchafe of a tradt of land
no where exceeded for fertility and cli-
mate, and which may perhaps by a pru-
dent management of fome wife conflttu-
tion, become of the utmoft importance.
Ntrtfj H^ejl River, a branch of Capfr
Fear, or Clarendon River, in N. Carolina.
It is formed by the juntSlion of Haw and
Deep Rivers ; and it is 300 yards wide
at Afliwood, 80 or 90 miles above the
Capes ; even when the ftream is low, and
within its banks. S^e Cape Fear River,
On the W fide of this river, about 40
miles above Afliwood, in the banks of a
creek, j or 6 feet below the fandy fur-
face, are to be fecn projevfling out many
feet in length, trunks of trees entirely
petrified.
Nertb IVefl Territory, is divided into
Ohio State, Indiana Territory, and Coun-
ty of Wayne ; which ftc.
Nnrtbwt
i
'!! :fi
nm
NOR
NOT
Nutlwtod, an interior and elerated
toWnfliip in Rockingham co. New Hamp-
fhire, in which, and on it> borders, arc a
number of fmall ponds, whofe waters feed
Pifcataqua and Suncook Rivers. It was
incorporated in 1773 ; contains 950 in-
habitants, and is about 39 miles N W of
Portfmouth. Cry (lab and cryfialline
ij>ars are found here.
North Yarmouth, a poft town of Maine,
in Cumberland co.on a fmall river which
falls into Cafco Bay. It is 17 miles W
by S of Brunfwick, 14 N of Portland, and
140 E of Bofton. The townfltip is exten-
five, was incorporated in 1713, and con-
tains z,6oo inhabitants. Cuflens River
divides it from Freeport on the N £.
Norton, a townOiip of Briftiol co. Maf-
fachufetts, 33 miles S of Bodoo. It was
incorporated in 17 11, and contains 1481
inhabitants. Theannualamountof the nail
manufatfturc here is not lefs than 300 tons.
Thereis alfo a manufadlureof orhrewhich
is found here, Gmiiar to that at Taunton.
Norton, a fettlement on the N £ coad
of Cape Breton Ifland.
Norton't Soumd, on the N W coaft of N.
America, extends from Cape Darby on
the N N W to Cape Denbigh, or Cape
Stephen's on the S or S £. N lat. 64 50.
Norivali, a pleafant poft town in Fair-
field CO. ConneiSticut, on the N fide of
Long Ifland Sound. It contains a Con-
ftegational and Epifcopal church, which
are neat edifices, and between 40 and 50
compatSt houfcs. It is 13 miles W by S
of Fairfield, 34 S W by W of New Ha-
ven and 54 N E of N. York. The town-
fliip is fituated in a fertile wheat country,
and was fettled in 1651. Here arc iron-
works and a number of mills. It lias a
fmall trade to N. York and the W. Indies,
and contains 5,146 inhabitants.
Norway, a townfli![> of N. York, in
Herkemcr co. incorporated in 179a. It
contains 1.911 inhabiuuts.
Nerwiy, a poft town in Cumberland
CO. Maine, incorporated In 1797, having
609 inhibitauts.
Nor^vicb, a confiderablc townfliip in
Windfor co. Vermont, on the W fide of
ConocAicut River, oppoCte to Dartmouth
College. It contains i 486 inhabitants.
Nortvicl), a townfliip in Hamplliire co.
Maifachufetts, 74 miles S W of North-
ampton, and 114 W of Boflon ; incorpo-
rated in 1773, and contains 959 inhabi-
tants.
Nortvicb, a city and poft town of Cou-
a««5iicut, and of the fecvnd rank in New
London co. fituated at the head of axVir
gation on Thames River, 14 miles N of
New London, and 40 S £ of Hartford.
This commercial city has a rich and ex-
tenfive back country; and avails itfelf
of its happy fituation on a navigable riv-
er, which affords a great number of con-
venient feats for mills, and water ma-
chines of all kinds. The inhabitants man-
ufa(9iire paper of many kinds, ftockingi,
clocks and watches, chaifes, buttons, ftonc
and earthen ware, oil, chocolate, wire,
bells, anchors, and all kindsof forge-work.
The city contains about 500 dwelling-
houfes, a court-hoafc, two churches for
Congregationalifts, and one for Epifcopa-
Hans,and 3476 inhabitants. The city i*
in three detached, compadt divifions, viz.
Chelfea, at the landing, the Town, and
Bean Hill; in the latter divifion is aa
academy, and in the town is an endowed
fehool The courts of law are held al-
ternately at New London and Norwich.
This town was fettled in i66o, by ^s
men, principally from Saybrook. It it
251 miles N £ of Philadelphia. N lat.
41 34, W long, 7 a 49.
Ntrivieb, a townfhip in Chenango ca
N. York, taken from the towns of Jericho
and Union, and incorporated in 1793.
It is fettled principally by people fron
Connedlicut; is bounded foutherly hj
Oxford, and lies 55 miles W of Cherrj
Valley. It has 1,219 inhabitants.
Nottvicb, now called iVbitby y'm Upper
Canada, on the N fliore of L. Ontario.
Norwich Totvnjhip, in Norfolk co. U.
Canada, £ of and adjoining Dereham.
Notch, Thf, a pafs in the wcftern part
of the White Mountains, in New Hamp-
fliirc ; the narrowcft part of which is but
21 feet wide, between two perpendicular
rock-i. It is 25 miles from the Upper Coos.
From the height above it a brook de-
fcends, and meanders through a meadow,
formerly a beaver pond. It isfurround-
ed by rpcks, which, on one fide, are pei-
pendicular, and on the others, rife in an
angle of4 5 degrees, a ftrikingly pidturel'que
I'cene. This defile was known to the In-
dians, who formerly led their captives
through it to Canada ; but it had been
forgotten or negle<5ted, till the year 177 1,
when two hunters pafled through it.
There is a road this way now to the Up-
per Coos.
Notch, Cape, is the W point of Goodluck
Bay, in the Straits of Magellan. S lat.
Si .13. W long. 74 34.
Noitaway, a fmall river of Virginia,
vihkk
"»<««■>>.•, -'■'"miTn
NOV
vrhich runs E by S.and receives Black Wa*
ter on the lineof N.Carolina ; thence pur-
fuiug a S by Wcourfe of about lo miles, it
joins the Mcherrin ; the confluent dream
then aflumes the name of Chowan River,
and emptio into Albemarle Sunnd.
Nottoway, a county of Virginia, bound-
ed N and N W by Amelia, from which it
was taken in tite year 1788. It contains
3,418 white, and 5,983 black people,
(ee Amelia.
Nottingham, a pod town in Rockingham
CO. N. HampHiire, 13 miles N of Exeter,
and 24 N W of Portfmouch. It was in-
corporated in 1722, and contains 964 in-
habitants.
Nottingham, Wifi, a poft town in Hillf-
borough CO. New Hampihire, Gtuated on
the £ Tide of Merrimack River ; was in-
corporated in 1746, and contains l,'J.fi^
inhabitants. It has MafTachufetts line
for its fouthcrn boundary, which divides
it from Dracut, and is about 45 miles N
N W of Boflon.
Nottingham, Eaft and IVeJI, two town-
fliips in Chefter co. Pennfylvania ; the
former having 889, and the latter 454
inhabitants.
Nottingham, the moft northern town of
Burlington co. N. Jerfey, on the £ hank
of Delaware River, between Bordentown
and Trenton.
Nottingham, a pod town in Prince
George's co. Maryland, on Patuxent Riv-
er, 16 miles N £ of Pifcataway, and zo
S £ of Wafliington.
Nova Scotia, formerly called Niio Scot-
land, a British province of N. America ;
feparated on the N £ from Cape Breton
Ifland, by the Gut of Canfo ; on the N it
has a part of the Gulf of St. Lawrence,
and the ftraits of Northumberland, which
divide it from the Ifland of St. John's ;
on the W it has N. Bruniwick and the
Bay of Fundy ; on the S and S E the At-
lantic t)cean. Its length is about z^s
miles from Cape Sable on the S W to
Cape Canfo on the N £. Its extreme
breadth is 88 miles; but between the
head of Hahfax harbour and the town of
Windfor, at the head of the S £ arm of
the Bafm of Minas it is only about tz
miles broad. It contains 8,789,000 acres;
of which 3 millions have been granted,
and a millions fettled and under improve-
ment. Nova Scotia is accommodated
with many fpacious harbours, bays, and
coves of fhelter, equal to any in the
world. The chief of thefe are Canfo,
Ijalifitx, uu Chebui51:u Bay, ClicdabuiSlo,
NOV
Frederick, George, Torbay, Charloffr,
King's, Barrington.Townfend, St. Mary's,
Annapolis Royal, the Balin of Minas, the
Bay of Fundy; and a vad number of
capes, lakes, and rivers, which are de-
fcribed under their refpetftivc names.
The mod remarkable mountains are the
Highland of Afpotagocn, and the Ardoin
Mountain. The fouthern fliorcs prefent
to the eye of a dranger rather an un-
favourable appearance, being in general
broken and dony ; but the innumerable
iflands alongits coads, coves and harbours,
though generally compofed of rocky fub-
danccs, appear defigned by nature for
the drying of fiih, being covered with
materials for fidi flakes and dages ; and
there is land fufBcicnt for padures and
gardens, to ferve the purpofes of filh-
ermea As you advance into the back
country, it wears a more prcmifing ap-
pearance ; and at Cornwallis, Windfor,
Horton, Annapolis, Cumberland, Cobe-
quid, Pidtou, and along the northern
fliores of the province, there are eztenfive,
well improved farms. The gradual im-
provements in hufbandry, which has been
encouraged by the laudable edbrts and
fuccefsful experiments of the agricultural
fociety, lately cftabliflied here, alTord
fc^c good ground to expedt that N0V4
Scotia may become a flonrifliing colony.
The lands in general, on the fea-coad, the
countv of Lunenburgh excepted, and a
few hills of good land, are rocky, and in-
terfperfed with fwamps and barrens.
The growth in general is a mixture of
fpruce, hemlock, pine, fir, beech, and
fome rnck-maple, which furniih an inex-
haudible fupply for ihip-building and
other purpofes. The coad abounds with
fifh of various kinds, as cod, falmon, mack-
erel, herrings, alewives, trout, &c. and l>e-
iag near to the Banks of Newfoundland,
(^ero, and Sable Banks, fiihcrics, under
proper management and regulations,
might be carried on with certainty of
fucceis. There are coal-mines at Cum-
berland, and on the £ad River which
falls into Pidtou harbour. There is plen-
ty of bog and mountain ore in Annapolis
townfliip, on the borders of Ni<3:,\u Riv-
er, and a bloomery is eredled there.
Copper has been found at Cape DOr,oa
the N fide of the Balin of Minas. The
forts in this province arc Fort Edward,
Cumberland, and Cornwallis. Nova Sco-
tia is divided into 8 counties, viz. Hant.s,
Halifax, King's, Annapolis, Cumberland,
Sunbiiry.Ontrtu's. and Lunenburg. I'hcfc
arc
m^
'I
'I
'i'i
i I ■,
:'.!f
m
N U E
O B I
arc fubdlvided into above 40 townfliip3.
Tht whole population of Nova Scotia, N.
rrunfwick, and the iflatids adjoining is
edimated at about 50,000. Tlic amount
of imports from Great Britain to thii
country, at an average of ^ years, before
the new fettlementi, was about ^26,300.
The articles eiportcd in exchange are,
timber and the produce of the fiHiery,
nrhich at a large average amounts to
£38.000. Nova Scotia was confirmed to
Great Britain in 1760. Halifax is the
metropolis. See New Btunf-wicif Canada,
&c.
NouvcUe, La, commonly called E^ft
Nouvelle, lies on the northern fide of
Chaleur Bay. It is a fmall river, about
4 leagues from Port Daniel.
Ntmille, La Grande, Of Wfjl Nou-vilU,
on the northern fide of Chaleur Bay, is
above one league from Carleton, where
is alfo a cuftom-houfe, and a refpedtable
mercantile houfe.
Nififiguit, a fmall village of N. Brunf-
wick, on the fouthern fide of Chaleur
Bay, inhabited by Roman Catholics;
above iz leagues W of Caraquit Ifland ;
.between which and Point Mafanette, are
-the capes of Poiquchaw. At this village
a number of coafting trader: touch during
the fiimmer, where they purchafe of the
inhabitants cod iifli and f.ilmon, as alfo
feathers, peltry, and fome furs.
Noxan, or Nuxontgn, or Nox 7#w/i, a
town of New Caftle co. Delaware, ai
miles N of Dover, and 9 S by S W of St.
Gcorj^e's Town.
NuiUJ.r, an ifland in the Pacific Ocean,
with 3 fmall ones N of it, and near to it,
W by S ot Cape Corienlcs, on the coaft
of Mexico, .ind E of Roco Portida. N
lat. 16 40, W loniT. 122 30.
Nudvunk, a place in New Britain, the
refort of Walruflcs in winter; wiiii the
teeth of tiiefc animals the Indians heid
their d;irts. Lat. 60 N.
Nufjlra Seit'.ra dt la Pas, an epifcopal
fee and town of Poru, in S. America. S
lat. 17 10, W long 64.
Ni'cflrit Scnorn de l,i I'ittorio, a town of
Me-xic-o. N lat. i8, W long. 92 35.
Kuevo Ba^i', a bank callcci bi tlu' Brit-
ifli the New Bfar, being about 3a leagues
S of the Vv' tnd of the iflaiul ot Jamaica,
in lat. 15 57 N. It has a key, 2 cables
length lonjT « ml j| broad; (tretching E
bv N. and W byS Thr Britilb find thii.
ji j^oOd ftation in a Spanilli war, as moft
fliips tome this way from the Spanifli
.Main, going to the Havamiab. ,
S,
<•*-
'■•sSfSft-: .pflrif"."^
0.
o.
ACHATE Harbour, near the fouth
point of Ulietea, one of the Society
Iflands, io the S. Pacific Ocean, N W of
Otahcite. 6 lat. 16 55, W long. 151 44.
0ahaLa,2i river of Louifiana,whieh emp-
ties into the Miflifippi fromtheN W.irt lat.
39 10 N, and 7 miles Nof Riviere au JSeuf.
Oaieona, oue of the Ingraham Ifles,
whicli is faid to be the northernmoft of all
thisclufier. It lies about 10 leagues N £
of Noohecva. To this ifland Capt. Rob-
erts gave the name of MaJ/atbu/eth, Capt.
Ingraham had before called it IVaJhington.
Uaitipiba or Aitefieia Bay, fituated near
theN E end of the leflcr pcninfula of the
ifland of Otaheite, has good anchorage in
II fathoms. Slat. 17 46, W long. 149 14.
Oai Bay, or the Devil'i Head, in the Bay
of Fundy, is 9 leagues S S E of Moofe
Ifland. It is very high land, and may be
feen at 10 or 11 leagues difiancc. •
Oakfujktc. See Tallopoofe River.
Oalfujkles, an Indian tribe in the weft-
em parr of Georgia. I'he warrior Mico,
called the White Lieutenant, had the fole
influence over 4,000 gun-men.
Oakham, a townfliip in Worcefter co.
Maflachufetts ; 15 miles N W of Worcof-
ter, and 6» W of Bofton. It was incorpo-
rated in i76i,and contains 801 inhabitants.
Oak Ifland, a long narrow ifland on the
coafl of N. Carolina, which with Smith's
llland forms the S W channel of Cape Fear
River. See Bald Head, and Capi Fear,
OaktMulget River is the fouthern great
branch uf the beautiful Alatamaha, in
Georgia. At the Oakmulgee Fields it is
about 300 or 400 yards wide. Thefe
rich and fertile fields arc on the cafl fide
of the river, above the confluence of the
Oconee with this river ; thefe two branch-
es arc here about 40 miles apart. Here
are wonderful remains of the power and
grandeur of the ancients of this part of
America, confifling of the ruins of a capi-
tal town and fettlement, vaft artificial
hills, terraces, &c. See Alutamaba River.
Oatara, a fmall woody ifland on the .S
R of Ulietea Ifland, in the S. Pacific Ocean ;
between 3 and 4 miles from which to the
norlh-wcft are two other Imall iflands in
the fame diret'tion as the reef, of which
they arc a part.
O/'id'sA'iver, in Tcnncflee, runs S W into
Cumberland R. 290 mile* from its mouth,
bythecoiirfeo; the lire ,'.m. Thus far C«m-
bfrland R. is navij/able for large veflels.
Oiion, a navigable river of Tenneflee,
yhick
O C R
which runs S W into the Miffifippi, 44
milei fouthcrly of Reelfoot Rivets. It i»
70 yards broad, 17 miles from its mouth.
Oiiftreo, an ifland 100 leagues S of the
Society Iflands. S lat. aa 40, W long,
jjo 50. It contains no good anchorage,
and the inhabitants are averfe to the in-
trufion of (Irangers.
Occea, or Ocoa, a bay on the S fide of the
ifland of St. Domingo, into which fall the
fmall rivers Sipicepy and Ocoa. It lies £
of Ntybe or Julienne Bay, and is bounded
I'outh-caftward by Point Salinat, and weft-
ward by the £ point at the moutli of
Bya River. Spanilh fliips of war anchor
in this bay. Point Salinas is 2% leagues
W of the city of St. Domingo.
Oeeoa, a bay near the eaft end of the
ifland of Cuba, in the windward pafTage,
about 20 miles eall of Guantanamo Bay.
Oiuebapfy, or Bear-Creek, in the Miffi-
fippi Territory, empties through the S
W bank of Tenneflee River, juft below
the mufclc (hoalr. There is a portage of
only about 50 miles from this creek to the
navigable waters of Mobile River. The
mouth of this creek is in the centre of a
piece of ground, the diameter of which is
5 miles, ceded by the fouthern Indians to
the United States for the eftabli(liment of
trading pods.
Occoneacbea IJlandt^ two long narrow ifl-
ands at the head of Roanoke River, in
Virginia, juft below where the Staunton
and Dan unite and form that river.
Ocona Pert, on the coaft cf Peru, on the
S. Pacific Ocean, is xi leagues N W of
Quiica, and a bold coaft, and 14 leagues
S E of Attico.
Oconee, the north main branch of Ala-
tsmaha River, Georgia. It is, in many
places, 250 yards wide. Its banks abound
with oak, afli, mulberry, hickory, black-
walnut, elm, faflafras, «fc. ^
Oconee Town lies on the E bank of the
river of its name in Georgia ; about 46
miles W N W of Golphingtor . and 6a
W by N of Augufta.
Occojuan, a river in Virginia which, af-
ter a Ihort courfc, empties into Patow-
mac River, at Higli Point, 5 miles below
Colchefter. The falls in this river fur-
nifli excellent mill-feats.
Ocrecock Inlet, on the coaft of N. Caro-
lina, leads into P.imlico Sound, and cut
of it into Albemarle Sound, through
which all vcflels muft pafs that arc bound
to Edcnton, Wafliington, Bath, or New-
hern. It lies in lat 35 10 N. A bar of
Hard faud crofl'es the inlet, oa which is 14
O H I
ftet water at low tide. The land on the
N is called Ocrecuck,that on the S Porti-
mouth. Six milts within the bar, there
is a hard faud Ihoal which croflcs the
channel called the Swafli. On each fidc
01 the channel are dangerous flioals, fnme-
timesdty. Few maTiners,howevtr, well ac-
quainted with theinlet.chnofetogo in with-
out a pilot ; as the bar often fhifts during
their abfence on a voyage. It is about 7^
leagues S W ^ W of Cape Hatteras.
Ogiechee, a river of Georgia, 18 miles S
of Savannah River, and whofe courfes are
nearly parallel witn each other. It rifes
nearthe Appalachianmountaius, andemp-
ties into the fea oppofite the N end of
OITabaw Ifland, 18 miles S of Savannah.
Louifville, Lexington and Georgetown
are on the upper part of this rivtr.
Oglethorpe, a county of Georgia on the
N fide of Alatamaha River, W of Liberty
CO. Fort Telfair is in the S E corner of
this county on the Alatamaha. It con-
tains 9,780 inhabitants, of whom 3,089
are flaves.
Obamtneno, a fmall but good harbour,
on the W fide of Ulietea, one of the Socie-
ty Iflands, in the S. Pacific Cv-ean. S lat.
i6 4?, W long. 151 38. The variation of
the compafs in i777,was 6 19 E.
Ohamcne Harbour,^ fine bay on the E fide
of Otaha, one of the Society Iflands. It paf-
fes in by a channel between the * fmall il!-
ands Toahoutu, and Whennuaia. Within
the reef it forms a good harbour, from 25
to 26 fathoms water, and clear ground.
Oberurua, a large bay on the S W part
of the ifland of Otaha, one of the Society
Iflands, and the next ha.rbour to the north-
ward from Apotopoto Bay. There is av.-
choragc from ao to aj fathoms, and h.i'»
the advantage of frcfli water. The brcaclj
in the reef which opens a paflage into
this harbour is one fourth of a mile broad,
ia lat. 16 38 S, and !oii;j;. 151 30 W:
Obeteroa, one of the Society illsnds,
which is about 1 1 miles long and ''' !iro"d,
inhabited by a people of very large (tat-
ure, who arc rather browntr than thofe
of the ncighljouring ill.mnls. It ha? no
good harbour or anchorage. Lat. 22 27
S, long. I jo 47.
Obetuna, a harbour on t!ic S E fide of
Ulietea, one of the Society Iflands.
Ohevaboa, an ifland in the Smitli Pacific
Ocean. S lat. 9 41, W lo:.?. 139 z.
Ohio, Stale of, lies W of Pi npfylvania,
and between th<: Chi- P.iver on the S,
and the Lakfs Mi< higifn nui F.rie on the'
N. Its prccife boundaries arc as follows,
▼iz.
.^i: m
)■' ::!'r
K
r
O H T
>;«. T. by tlie northern part of the W line
of Pcnnfylvania ; S l>y the Ohio River,
to the mouth of the Great Miami; W
by a line drawn due N from the mouth
of the rlvtr lafl named to the fouthern
CTtrcmity of Lake Michijjan ; N by an E
and W line drawn through the fouthern
extremity of the lake juft mentioned,
faom the juterfedion of the weftern boun-
dary line, till it meets the northern terri-
torial line of the U. States, in Lake Erie,
and followinf; th;'t line, till it readies the
V! line of Pcnnfylvania ; lying between
if) and 42 N. lat. and 5 «5 and 4 ,l6 W,
long, from Phil.idelpliiu. This State was
admitted into the Union by adt of Con-
fxvU early in the year 1803, and organi-
sed March 3d of the fame year, and is.
divided into 17 counties, viz.
Coi>rtits.
VV'alhington
Hamilton
Adams
Jtffcrfon
Rofs
C.icrmont
Trumbull
Fairfield
Bellmuut
Gallia
Scioto
Franklin
Colmnbiaoa
Warren
Butler
Montgomery
Greene
The number of
CliitJ 'Tovns.
Marietta
Cincinnati
Mafneftjurgh
Steubenville
Chilicothe
Williamlburgh
Warren
New Lancafter
Pultnej'
Galliopolis
Alexandria
Franklinton
inhabitants in this
State, in 1800, was ^i,\-]<). The princi-
pal rivers are the Mullcingum, Hockhock- j
ing, Scioto, and IJtcie and Great Miami, 1
'«hicb fall into the Ohio ; and the Grand !
Miami of the Lakes, Sandutkyi Huron, ;
and Cayahoga, which empty into Lake j
Erie. I'he lands on thefe rivers are in- I
terfperfed with all the variety of foil j
which conduces to pieafautncfs of iitua- j
ciun, and lays the foundation for the
wealth of an agricultural and manufac-
turing people. Large level bottoms, or
natural meadows, from 20 to jo miles in
circuit, arc found bordering; the rivers,
and variegating the country in the inte-
rior parts. Thefe afTord as rich a foil as
can be imagined, and may be reduced to
proper cultivation with very Iitt!« labour.
The prevailing growth of timber, and the
fnore ufcful trees, are maple or fogar-trec,
fycamore, black and white mulberry,
bhck and white walnut, butternut, clicf-
O H I
nut, white, black, SpaniHi and chefnnt
oaks, hickory, cherry, buckwood or horfe
rhcfnut, honey-locuu, elm, cucumber tree,
gum tree, iron wood, afli, afpin, faiTafras,
crab-apple tree, paupaw, or cufhird ap-
ple, a variety of plum trees, nine bark
i'pice and leather wood bufhes. White
and black oak, and chefnut, with mod of
the above mentioned timbers, grow large
and plenty upon the high grounds. Both
the high and low lands prodicc great
quantities of natural grapes of various
kinds. The fugar maple is the mod val-
u.ible tree, for an inland country. The
inhabitKnts may be fupplied with a fuf-
licicncy of fiigar, by preferving a few
trees for the ufe of each family. A tree
will yield about ten pounds of fugar a
year, and the labour is very trifling.
.Springs of excellent water abound in this
territory ; and fmall and large dreams,
for mills and other purpofes, are atftually
inierfperfed, as if by art, that there be no
deficiency'in any of the conveniences of
life. Very little waAe land it to be found
in any part of this tradt of country.
There are no fwamps but fuch as may
be readily drained, and made into arable
and meadow land ; and though the hills
.ire fnequcnt, they are gentle, and fwell-
ing, no where high or incapable of tillage.
They arc of a deep rich foil, covered
with a heavy growth of timber, and well
adapted to the production of wheat, rye,
indigo, tobacco, &c. The hills and
mountains itn the £ fide of the Ohio gen-
erally increafe iomagnitudeitilltheyunite
with the Alleghany, but on the other fide,
in the State of Ohio, they decrcafe till the
country becomes almoft a dead level.
[EUicoit:\ The communication between
this country and the fea, will principally
be in the 3 following dircAions : i. The
route through the Scioto and Muikinguni
to Lake Erie, and fo to the river Hudfon.
2. The paifage up the Ohio and Monon*
gahela to the portage above mentioned,
which leads to the navigable waters of
the Patowmack. This portage is 30 miles,
and will probably be rendered much le(s
by the execution of the plans now on foot
for opening the navigation of thofe
waters. 3. But the current down the
Ohio and Miffifippi, for heavy arti-
cles that fuit the Florida and Well In-
dia markets, fuch as corn, flour, beef, lum-
ber, &c. will be more frequently loaded
than any dreams on earth. Thcdiflance
from the Scioto to the Miflifippi, is 8co
miles ; f»<^m thcuce to tlie fea, is 9C0.
This
O H I
This whole courfe it run in 15 dayt. Vcf-
(clt proper for the Weft India trade may
be advantagcoufly built on the Ohio, and
taken with a cargo, every annual rife of
the water*, down to New Orleans, or to
4he Weft India Iflands. The experiment
has already been made with fucccfs. '
[FMicott.] Uo country it better ftockcd
with wild game. The rivers are well
fiorcd with fifli of various kinds, and ma- j
ny of them are of an excellent quality.
They arc generally large, though of dif-
ferent (izes ; the cat-fifli, which is the ,
largeft, and of a delicious flavour, weighs
from 6 to 80 pounds. 'I'he number of
•Id forts, found in this weftern country,
are the admiration of the curious, and a '
Blatter of much fpeculation. They are
nioftly of an oblong form, fituated on
ftrongiwell cliofca ground, and contigu-
ous to water. When, hy whom, and for
what purpofe thefe were thrown up, is '
uncertain. They are undoubtedly very
ancient, as there is not the lead viftble
difference in the age or fize of the timber !
growing on or within thefe forts, and
that which grows without ; and the old-
eft natives have loft ull tradition refpe<ft- '
iog them. By an ordinance of Congrefs, {
paired on the 13th of July, 1787, this
country, including the Indiana Territory,
the country N of it, and Wayne Tc ; ito-
ry E of Lake Michigan, for the p'irpofes
of temporary government, waf. ere^ed
iato one diftridt, fubje^, hrvever, to a
divifion, when circumn:;iucet fhould make
it rsperl'snt. i'he ordinance of Congrefs,
•f July fjth '87,articleith, provided that
there fliould be formed in this territory,
Bot lefs than 3, nor more than 5 States ;
and that the boundaries of the States
ftiould become fixed and cftr.oliflied as
follows, viz. the weftern State in the faid
territory to be bounded on the Miftllip-
pi, the Ohio and Wabafli Rivers ; a di-
redb line drawn from the Wabafli and
Poft Vincents due N to the territorial
line between the United States and Can-
ada, and by the faid territorial line to
the Lake of the Woods and MifTifippi.
The middle State to be bounded by the
faid diredl line, the Wabafli from Poft
Vincents to the Ohio ; by the Ohio hy
a d\TeiSt line drawn due N from the mouth
of the Great Miami to the faid territorial
line, and by the faid territorial line. The
eaftern State to be bounded by the laft
mentioned diredk line, the Ohio, Pennfyl-
vania, and the faid territorial line : Pro-
vided however, that tUc bttwadaries of
O H I
tliefc three States fliall be fubjtd fo faf
to be alttred, that if Congrtls hcrealtcr
flialt find it exptriitnt, tliey flitll have
authority to form one or two .Statri, in
that part of the faid territory which lie*
N of an £ and W line drawn throu,»,li the
foutherly bend or txtrtnieof Lake Mich-
igan ; and when any of the faid St-ites
ftiall have 60,000 free inhabitants there-
in, fuch ftate to be admitted by its dele-
gates into the Congrefs of the United
States, on an equal footing with tiie orig-
inal States in all refpeds whatever ; and
to be at liberty to form a permanent con-
ftitution and State government. On the
3d of Auguft, 1795, a treaty was farmed
at Grenvillc, between Major Gen. An-
thony Wayne, on the part of the United
States, and the Chiefs of the following
tribes of Indians, viz. the Wyandots, Del-
awares, Shawanoes, Ottawas, Chippewat,
Piitawatimcs, Miamis, Eel River, Weeas,
Kickapoos, Pian-Kafliaws and Kaflcaflcias.
By the 3d articleof this treaty.the Indians
cede to the United States, for a valuable
conrideration.all lands lying eaftwardand
fuuthward of a line " beginning at the
mou^h of Cayahoga River, and running
the ice up the fame to.the portage between
that and the Tufcarawas branch of the
Mufkingum ; thence down that branch
to the eroffing place above Fort Law-
rence ; thence wefterly to a fork of that
branch of the Great Miami River, run-
ning into the Ohio, where commences the
portage between the Miami of the Ohio,
and St. Mary's River, which h a branch
of the Miami of the Lake ; thence a weft-
erly courfe to FortRecovcry, which ftands
on a branch of the Wabafli, tlien fouth-
wefterly in a direct line to the Oiiio, f»
as to interfedt that river oppofits tiie
mouth of Kentucky or Catawa River."
Sixteen trades of land of 6 and 1 1 miles
fquare, interi'pcrlcd at convenient diftan-
ces in the liuiian country, were, by the
fame treaty, ceded to the United States,
for the convenience of keeping up a
friendly and beneficial intercourfe be-
tween the parties. The United States,
on their part, " relinquifli their claims to
all other Indian lands northward of the
river Ohio, caftward of the Miflifippi,
and weftward and fouthward of the GtCrfl
Lakes and the waters uniting them, ac-
cording to the boundary line agreed on
by the United States and the king of
Great Britain, in the treaty of peace made
between them in the year 178.1. Cut
from this relir.qmlliment,by the U. States,
rkc
r.
m
M
; 'L_,.
',i
^1
il:b
1 1
O H I
the folIo\vin(» tradlt of land are explicitly
excepted : ift. The tracH: of 150,000 acrci
near the rapids of the Ohio river, wliich
has been afllgned to Geo. Clarke, tor the
ufe of himfL'lf and his warriors. 2d. The
poftof St. Vincents on the river Wabafli,
ana the lands adjacent ; of which the
Indian title has been extinguiflied. 3d.
The land at all other places in pofTcnion
of the French people and other white
fettlers among them, of which the In-
dian title has been extin^iOied, as men-
tioned in il<e third article ; and 4th.
The port of "ort MaiTac, towards the
mouth of the Ohio. To which feveral
parcels of land fo excepted, the faid tribes
relinquilh all the title and claim which
they or any of them may have." Goods
to the value of 10,000 dolls, were deliv-
ered the Indians at the time this treaty
was made ; and good* to the amount of
9,500 dolls, at fird cod in the U. States,
are to be delivered .innually to the In-
dians at fomc convenient pface north-
ward of the Ohio. A trade has been o-
pencd, fince this treaty, by a law of Con-
jjrefs, with the forcmentioned tribes of
Indians, 611 a liberal footing, which has
given perinantncy to this treaty, and fe-
curity to the frontier inhabitantt.
Oik, a mofl beautiful river, feparatei
Ohio State and Indiana Territory from
Kentucky and Virginia on the S E, Its
current gentle, waters clear, and bof-
om fmooth and unbroken by rt)cks and
rapids, a finglc inftancc only excepted.
It is one quarter of a mile wide at Fort
Pitt ; 500 yards at the mou 1 h of the Great
K.inh?.\vay; j 200 yards at Louifville,
and at the Rapids half a mile, but its gen-
eral breadthdoes not exceed 6coyards. In
fome places its wHth is not 400, and in one
place particularly, far below the Rapids,
it is lefs than 300. Its breadth, in no one
place (except at I he Rapids) exceeds laoo
y.Hd.< ; and at its junction with the
Mifllfippi, neither river is morethan 900
vards wide. Its length, as meafiired ac-
cording to its meanders by Capt. Hutch-
inj, is as follows ;
From Fort Pitt to
Log's Town
Big Beaver Creek
Liiilc Beaver Creek
Velio w Crtek
Two Creeks
Long Reach '
End Long Reach
Mnntinguni
Liulc Kaii'iawjy
O H I
Horkhocking
Great Kanhaway
Guiandot
Sandy Creek
Sioto or Scioto
Little Miami
Licking Creek
Great Miami
Big Bones
Kentucky
Rapids
Low Country
Buffalo River '
Wabalh • '»^■■' .
Big Cave
Shawanee River
Cherokee River
MalTac
Miflafippi :.
1^
43* •
481
U6
36
3»4 '
441
64.
5^7* ■
i3i
XX'
46
Xigg
In common winter and fp^ing floods, it
affords 30 or 40 feet water to Louifville;
25 or 30 feet to La Tarte's Rapids ; 40
above the mouth of the Great Kanhaway ;
and a fufTiciency at all times for light
batteaux and canoes to Fort Pitt. The
Rapids are in lat. 38 8. The inundations
of this river begin aboutthe laftof Miarch,
and fubride in July, although they fre-
quently happen in other mottths; fo ihat
boats which carry 300 barrels of flour
from the Monongahela, oc Youhiogeny,
above Pittiburg, have fcldom loiig to wait
for water. £)uring the floods, a iirft rate
man-of-war may be carried from Louif-
ville to New Orleans', if the fuddeii turns
of the river and the flrcngth of its cur-
rent will admit a fafe fleerage. It is the
opinion of fome well informed gentlemen,
that a veflel proparly built for the fea, to
draw i» feet water, when loaded, and
carrying from la to 1600 barrels of flour,
may be more eafily, cheaply and fafely
navigated from Pittfburg to the fea, than
thole now in ufe; and that this matter
only requires one man of capacity and en-
tcrprife to afcertain it. A veflel intended
t.) be rigged as a brigantine, fnow, or
fliip, fliould he double-decked, take her
maflg on deck, and be rowed to the Ib-
berville, below which are no iflands, or
to New-Orleans, witli 20 men, fo as to
afford reliefs of 10 and 10 in the night.
Such a vefTel, without the ufe of oars, it
is fuppofed, would float to New-Orleans
from Pittfburgh in 20 days. The Rap-
ids at Louifville dtfccnd about 10 feet in
the clillance of a mile and a half. The
bed ui t!ie river is a folid rock, and is di-
vided
vidcd
the fuu
wide, t
bed of
chancel
water, s
carried
for batti
the yea
foutJicrr
for conft
Waters ii
or 3j fee
the head
the foutJi
Fort Pitt
branchin,
l*'ghany.
Oiio A
below p
miles froi
^ith the ]
ed by a
flietdi aci
fome place
the main b
cr is low, 1
f ably rcgi
Jn the roc
river is full
"Ptible, ar
nculty or d
Rapids i«
the defcent
found to 1
defecnding
•nuch from
as from fui
ntfs of the
jille commj
ids.
06,\ Th<
'he State ,
Wafliington
W by the]
ffte inhabij
town, Weftl
06io, a cf
^I2iinhabi|
06io/>^^ a CA
'^^ Alatamal
Georgia.
Obiejii'mn
',n the State!
'i>n ca. ou o|
^f Salt Rive
OLhpyh
^rc about 4(J
vJ^ere the rl
H I
Vidcd by an iiland into two brnnihcf,
the fouihcrn of whicli i« about aooyar<i»
wide, hut impaifablc in dry fcaruni, I'hc
Led u( the northern branch ii worb into
channel* by the coiillant courfe of the
water, and attrition ot the pcbbie-ftnnes
carried on with that, To as to be palTable
for batteaux through the greater part of
the year. Yet it i« thouglit that the
fouthern arm may be mofl eaGly opened
forconnnnt navij;ation. The rife of the
Water* in thefe Rapids docs not exceed 30
or 3j ftct. There ii a fort Htuatrd ai
the head of the Falls. . 'i'he ground on
the fuutli iide rifck very gtadunlly. At
Fort Pitt the rirer Ohio IoIm it4 name,
branching into the Monongaliela and AU
It'ghany.
0/jh kapidi lie in ht. 30 S N, 705 miles
below Pittlburg to the S W, and 48'i
miles from the coiinuence of the Ohio
with the Millifippi. They arc occa finn-
ed by a ledge of iitne-flone rocks that
ntet'.h acrofk the bed of the river. In
fome places the fall ia perpendicular, but
the main body of the Water, when the riv-
er is low, runs along a channel of a tol-
erably regular flnpe which has been worn
in the rock. In the faring, when the
river is full, the rapids are fcar.:ely per-
ceptible, and boats defcend, without dif-
ficulty or danger. The fituation of the
Rapids is truly delightful. In levelling
the defcent of thefe Rapids, it has been
found to be zi^feet in two miles. In
defcending them, the danger arifcs sot fo
much from the Iwiftnefs of the currl-nt
as from funkcn rocks, and the fhallow-
ntfs of the water. The town of Louif-
ville commands a grand view of the Rap-
ids.
Obl»^ The north-wefternmoft county of
the State of Virginia, bounded E by
Wafliington co. in Pennfylvania, and N
W by the river Ohio, which divides it
from the State of Ohio. It contains 4483
free inhabitants, and £57 flaves. Chief
town, Wtft Libtrty.
Obit, a coimty of Kentucky, contains
1121 inhabitants, of wham x ii arc flaves.
Ohiope, a fmall northern trilnitary (Ircam
«f Alatamaha river, in Ojjiethorpc co.
Oeorgia.
OA/c/iiVw'nq'o, a tradt of land fo called
in the State of ''■•nt«cky,lituatcd in Nci-
!'on cii. ou Oliionvcr, and fouth-weflward
«)f Sriit River.
OLUpyU Fills, in Yougliiogany River,
arc about ao feet perpendicular lieiglif,
vhere the river is 8© yards wide. Tiicy
You L JJ D d
OLD
are .^0 or ^o miles from the mouth cf
this river, where it mingles its wattii
with the Monongahela.
O'ji'laLo;, an id/nd in the i. Pacitij
Ocean. S lat. 9 .?5,Wliing. 1J9 6.
Oil Cre:i, in Allcghsny to. Pennfylva-
nia, iflucs from a fpring, on tlie top (<f
which Ho^ts an oil, fiiiiilar to that c.tlt*
ed fiarbadoes tar, and cmptlci into Alli*
ghany River. It is found in fiich quant)->
ties, that a man may gather fcvcr.il ^m!-
lons ill a day. The troops fent to jjii.trd
the Wcncrn Pofts, halted at this fprinj,
collfJftcd fome of the oil, and bathed
their jointi with it. This gave then
graat relief from the rheumatic cor.i*
plaints, with wlych tliey wcie aflliiTlcd.
The waters, of which tlic troops dr.inlc
freely, operated as a gentle cathartic.
Oijftfns Bay,\t near the fouthcru extrem-
ity of the iiland of Barbadoes, in the W.
Indies. It is formed to the S E by Ken-
dal's Point, The bay is well ucfendrd by
forts. The town of Oiftins flands on this
bay.
Olammon Strtatti^ (N. B. Olammon me.^n«
red earth or paint, which is fnuud on the
banks of the Aream) riles in townfliijk
N .^8 of the Lottery Lands, is about xa
miles long, and enters the Penobfcot oa
its E ilde in townHiip N 3, oppoiltc.
0!J Cape Prancoit forms the N point of
EcoflbifeorCofbcckB.iy,ontheN EpartoC
the idand of St. Domingo. Ail the Freucli
fliips coming from Europe or the Win<l«
ward Ulaiids, and bound to the north or
weft part of St. Domingo Ifland, are obi; 2;-
ed to come in Sght of the Cape Samana,
(near 17 league:; S E by E of tliis cape )
or at leaft of Old Cape Francois, on ac-
count of the dangers of flioals to the caic.
It is about five leagues caft of Cape dc la.
Roche. N lat. 19 40 ^0, W long, from
Paris 74 »».
Old Fart Bay is fituated at the fouth
end of the Idaiid of St. Lucia, in the Weft-
Indies, having St. Mary's Iflaud and Baj
to the cafl.
Old Fort IJIa'ids, in Efqwimcaux Bay, oa
the coaft oi Labrador, in N. America. N
lat, 5 J i.\, W long. ^7 48.
Old Hffrbour, OH the fouth coaft of tlic
illaad of Jamaica in the \V. Indies, is tf»
the weft ward of Port Roy:il. There ara
a number of flinals and iilands in the en-
trance tt> it. Under lonie of them thcrfl
is fafe riding, in from [\i to ci^ht fath-
oni"!.
Old Mint Cc.'i, ill New Jerfcy, emn-
tis5 into Utiaware rivor, a'i>oiit 4 inil««
btlyw
i^\\ f ^Hv'lf
^ SJI)
'^ 1 1
1 '
/' ■ f '
Ii i
7; H 1
i
• » ft* f- '.
V:
^h
M;
wm
b! -V i\ r
•^'ifrfjH
1 m!'
t;-;
mm
M A
M A
! I !
below Penn'ii Neck, and ffparatei the
counties of Sairm nnd OloticcHcr.
Old Mtit'i fort liei northward of I-im3
River in Piru, S or 9 miUs N of Cada
vayllo River.
Old Read, a town and hnrbniir in the
idund of Antigua, in the W. India*.
Old Road Bay, on the S W coaft of the
Ifland of St. Chriftophct**, in the W'ttt-
Indie*, between clmrch Cut W and
Bloody Point E. There ii from 5 fo ij
fatlionis near the fliorc, and the lead to-
wards the fort.
Old Road Tow*, on this l)ay, lies be-
tv-cen Bad and Black Rivers, aud is a port
of entry.
Old Town, or Frank*! Old Toww, on Ju-
niatta River. See Franlf own.
Old Town, in the State of N. York, on
Staten-Ifland, 1 2 miles S W of N.York city
Old Town, a fmall poft town of Mary-
land, Alleghany co. in lat. 39 30, on the
K bank of Patomac river, and W fide of
Saw Mill Run ; 14 miles S E of Cum-
berland, and 14a W by N of Baltimore.
Old Town, N. Carolina, near Bruuf-
wick.
Old Town, a fmall town of Georgia, on
the Ogeeche«i River, 85 miles N W by W
of Savannah.
OU Town, called Indian Old Town, is
•n one of ..he 54 iflands refcrvcd by the
Indians for their ufe in Penobfcot. The
ifland contains about 200 acres on which
is their church and village.
Old Town Fallt, or Gnat Folh,{o called
in Penobfcot River, about half a mile be-
low the Indian Village, on Old Town
Mand.
Oleoul, a fmall creek which empties in-
to the eaft branch of Sufquehannah, 5
milcsNEof the mouth of Unadilda River.
Olinda, the chief town of the captain-
Ihip of Pernambuco, in Brazil, S.Ameri-
ca. It is fometimes called Ptrnambuco,
mnd has a good harbour iituatcd north of
Cape St. Augufline, and fouth of Para-
ibo. It was taken by the Dutch in 16 30,
but was retaken by the Portiiguefe. S
lat. 8 13, W long. 35 5.
Olltros, Point, on the coaft of Peru, is 6
leagues S £ of Quemada Morro, or Hrad-
land, and as far N N W of Porto Caval-
16. It is little frequented on account
of want of trade, although it is a good
harbour in cafe of fqualls from the muun-
tains, or from Orong currents fetting
vlown from the fea.
Omaguat, a tribe of Indians inhabiting
tbc baa]|» of tbc river Amazon, and con-
verted to Chriflianity tn th* year »6R(C,
bv Father Fritz, a SpHnifli miHionary.
'1 hcv flat the hind and fure part of the
heads of their childn n, which gives them
a monftrous apnea tance. They make »
j(ft of other nations,.calling them calabafli
heads.
Omara, a river en the coafl of Brazil,
whufe mouth is in lat. 5 S, and long.
36 O W. See Copt Rocque.
Omafun, a jurildi(flion in the diocefeof
I.a Paz, in Peru. It begins almofl at the
gates of the city of la Paz, and extends
20 leagues, being Sounded on the W by
the famous lake of Titi Caca. The air of
this jurifdi«Slion is fomewhat cold, fd that
it produces little grain; but has nume<
rous flocks of cattle fed in its paAures ;
there isbefides, a very advantageous trade
carried on in another jurifdiiflion by the
Indians living on the borders of the lake,
who are remarkably indudtious in im»
proving that advantage.
Otnee, a corrupt name for Tht Miami
of the Lale ; which fee. The Miami
towns on its bank* are called the Omee
Towns, or Au-Mi, by the French Ameri*-
cans, as a contradlion of Au Miami.
Omee Town, one of the Miami Town*,
fituated on a plcafant point formed by the
jundlion of the rivers Miami and St. Jo-
fcph. This town ftood on tlie £ hank of
the latter, oppofite the mouth of St. Ma-
ry's River, and was denroyed in Ocn>
Harmar's expedition, in 1790.
OmoaB, a fmall fortified town in the
Spanifh Main, at the bottom of the Bay
of Honduras, on the S fide, and is within
a gulf to the eaftward of Dolce Gulf, into
which the river of its name comes from
the fouthward. It has a good harbour,
which is open to the N W, in which fliips
of any burden may ride in perfect fafety.
The Britifli admiral, Parker, in conjunc-
tion with the people of Honduras, reduced
the flrong fort, which is fituated on the
E fide of the river, in 1779. The fpoil
was imnicnfc, being valued at 3 million]
of dollars. The Spaniards in vain offer-
ed 300,000 dollars as a ranfom for 2jo
quintals of quickiilver; a commodity in-
difpcnfably neceflary in working their
gold and filver mines.
Omptmpanoofuci, a fliort, furious river of
Vermont, which empties into the Connec-
ticut at Norwich, cppofite to Dartmouth
College. Its courfe is S E, its breadth not
more than 40 or 50 yards.
OnJa. See Vincutt de la Pazcs,
Onatbycf or Oiieaicpf an iflaod in thr ?,
Pacific
ONE
^jcific Ocean. B. Ut. 9 58, \V long. 13?
Ovf/ivu', on? of ihc Sandwich Iflandi,
in the N< Pacific Oct^an, called »lCo N't!-
Ifiihit^v, about 5 or 6 league* to the wefl-
Wiird (>f Acoui. There i* anchoriigc all
»long the coafl of the ifland. It producci
plent/ of yaiiu, and a Tweet root called
fee. N 'at. »i 50, W long. 160 15.
0«riV(i, one of the Six Natinni of It\diani,
containing 6z8 fouls, who inliAlijt the
country S of Oticida Lake, called the
Qneida RcfcrVtition. Their principal viU
\ige, Kahnonwulohale, it about ao miles
S W «)f Whiteftowij. Thefc ltidiaij% for
a number of years pad, have been i nder
the paftoral care of the Rcv.iyf r. Kirkl»ad,
who, with the Rev. Mr. Sarjeant, hnvi:
Ixcn chiefly fiipported in their milTion,
by the focicty eflabliflicd in Scotland for
promoting Chrifliaa knowledge. This
pation receives an annuity from the State
of Ne\r*york, of 3,jja clollars, for lands
nurchafcd of them in 1795, and an annu-
ity of about 628 dollars from the United
States. With thefc annuities, (which op-
crate %% ? difcouragenient to indiifity)
together with the corn, beans and pota-
toes raifed by the (iauaws, and the fif]i
and game caught by the mea, afford them
a barely tolerable rubfiftencc. They arc
a proiiu nation, and affeA to defpife their
neighbours, the Stockhrldge and Brother-
ton Indiatis, for their attention to agricul-
ture ; but they already begin to feel their
dependence on them, and are under a ne-
cefllty of purchafing provilions of them.
The nation is divided into three tribes, ur
flans, by the names of the Wolf, the Bear,
apd the Turtle, They have their name
from their Pagan Deity, which feme few
of the nation Qill worfliip, and which it
nothing more th<in a mifliapen, rude, cy-
lindrical /7anir,of about lao pounds weight,
in their language called Oneija, which llg>
jiiifict the Upright Stone. Formerly this
Aone was placed in tlie crotch of a tree,
and then the nation fuppofed themfelves
invincible. Thefe Indians are all of mix-
ed blood ; there hat not been n/iure One-
ida for feveral years pafl.
OiteiJa Lake is al>out 20 miles W of Old
Fort Staawix, State of N. York, and is be-
tween %o and 30 miles long, and about 5
miles wide. It is conneiEled with Lake
Ontario on the W by Ofwego River, and
with Fort Stanwix by Wood Creek, j
Oneiia, a county of N. York, bounded j
N E and E by Hcrkemer co. S E by Otfe-
go CO. S. by Oneid) Lake and Chenango |
O N
CO. W by Lake Ontario. It I4 well m-
tcrcd. The foil it fertile. Inhabitants
11,047.
Qtiimick Point is the S W point 'of the
continent of North America, on the N W
coafV, and the S liinit of Hiiflol Bay. Pt
is 8a leagues S .S W of Cape Ncwcnham,
or the N point oftli.it extenlive b.iy ; and
in lat. 54 30 N, and long. 163 30 W.
0-Nimamiu, a liarhour on the S E coafl
of Ulietea, one of the Society Ifland^t, in
the S. Pacific Ocean. It is N E of Oiietu-
na Harbour, on the fame co.nfl.
Onion Cjfc, on the S W lleJc of New.
fnundland Ifland, is .ibont 4 Iragues W of
Qiiirpon Ifland. or the northern point of
that extent'ivc ffl.md.
Onion Rivir, in the State of Vermont,
formerly called Frnnh Rlv.-r, and by tlic
Indians IVinonJii, rifcs in Cibot, about 14
miles Wof Connc<5\icnt Uivcr, and is nav-
igable for fmaU veil'clj 5 miles from its
mouth, in t,a\fc Champlain, between the
towiis' of Burlington and ColchcOcr ; and
for boats between its feveral falls. It is
one of the fi Rftftrcams in Vermont, and
runs through a mofl fertile country, the
produce of which for feveral miles on
each fide of the river, is brought down t«
the lake at Burlington. It is from to to
30 rods wide, to the lower falls, and 15 ot
20 rods, 40 milc4 from its mouth, and itt
defcent in thisdillance it 17a feet, which
is about 4 feet to tlic mile. Between Bur-
lington and Colrhcftcr, this river h.is worn
through a folid ro^kof lime ftone, wricU
in fome time of remote antiquity mull have
formed st this plnce a prodigious catarav't.
The chafm is between 70 and 80 feet in
depth at low water, and in one place 70
feet from rock to riKk, where a wooden
bridge is thrown acrofs. At Bolton there
is a chafm of the fiime kind, but fomewhat
wider, and the rock is at leaft 130 feet
in height. From one tide feveral rocks
have fallcji acrofs the river, in fuch a
manner as to form a natural bridge at
low water, but in a Itluation to be an ob-
jeifl of curiofity only. It was al(jng this
river that the Indians formerly travelled
from Canada, when they made their at-
tacks OB the frontier fettlcments on Con*
nedticut River.
Onjndago Caflle, on the Onondago Ref-
ervation Lands, N. York, is aj miles S \f
of Oneida Caftle.
Onondago, or SjU J.nle. in the State of
N. York, is about U miles ]on(> and a mile
broad, and feuds its waters to Seneca
River, Itt fjiltucri is uccaQuucd I'v
^' .■. ■ ■•-liilt
.. i
m\ ,!
-^i''. !:
t!i;!
1 1,
O N 5
G N Z
f^lt fpringi a few rods from Its brinks.
Tliefe fpring* arc capable of producing
immcnfc quantities of fait, and are in the
bratc Refcrvation, and a great benefit to
tlic country, every part of which is fo
united by lakes and rivers as to render
the fupply of this bulky and aecefTary
;irtick very eafy. Sec Salina,
Ononilagty a river of New York, which
rifes in the Oneida Lake, and runs weft-
vardly into Lake Ontario at Ofwega It
is boatable from its mouth to the head
of the lake, 74 miles, except a Call which
uccaGons a portage cf ao yards, thence
batteaux go up Wood Creek almoft to
l^ort Stanwix, 40 miles, whence there is a
portage of a mile to Mohawk River,
toward the head of this river, faimon arc
caught in great numbers.
VBBitdugo, a county of New York State,
conllfting of military lands divided into 9
lownlhips. The county is bounded W by
Ontario co. and N by Lake Ontario,
the Onondago River, and Oneida Lake.
The county courts arc held in the village
of Aurora, in the townfhip of Scipio.
'ihis county is admirably fituated for in-
land navigation, being interfered by the
two navigable rivers Seneca and Ofwego,
having belides five lakes and a nnmbcr of
creeks. For an account of the refervcd
lands, fee Mililowy Tvwnjhifi, The in-
habitants are 7406,
O/ienJijgo, a port town and formerly
the chief town of the Six Nations, fitu>
ated in a very plcafant and fruitful coun-
try, on the S end of the lake of the name,
and connfted of 5 fmall towns or villages.
Onondagoes, a tribe of Indians who live
near Onondago Lake. About 20 years
lincc, they could furnifli 260 warriors.
In 17 79, a regiment of men was fcnt from
Albany, by Gen. I. Clinton, who furprifed
the town of this tribe, took 33 prifotiers,
killed nor 14, and returned without the
lofs if a man* A pare of the Indians
were then ravaging the American fron-
tiers. This nation, which now conndk
of 450 fouls, receives annually from the
State of New Yorlc, a,000 dollars; and
from the United States about 450 dol-
lars.
Onjloiv, a maritime county of Wilming-
ton diftridl, N. Carolina, W of Cape Look-
nut. It contains 5,474 inhabitants, inclu-
ding i,7J7 flavcs. Chief town, Swanf-
borough.
Oijhiv, a townfliip of Nova Scotia,
Halitax co. at the head of the Balin of
Xiiuas, 3 J miles N £ of Wiadfor, and 46
N liy W of Halifax. It was fettled by
emigrants from New England.
Onlatio, one of that grand chain of
lakes which divide the United States from
U. Canada. It is fituated between lat. 4.^
15 and 44 N, and long. 76 30 and 80 W.
Us form is nearly elliptical ; its greateft
length is from S W to N E, and its cir-
cumference about 600 miles. Thedivitlon
line between the State of New York
and Canada, on the N paiTes through
this lake, and leaves within the United
States 9,390,000 acres of the water of L.
Ontario, according to the calculation of
Mr. (Tutchins. It abounds with fi{l\ of
an excellent flavour, among which are
the Ofwego bafs, weighing 3 or 4 pounds.
Its banks in many places are fteep, and
the fouthcrn fhore is covered principally
with beech trees, and the lands appear
good. It coromunicalCB with Lake Eric
by the river Niagara. Ic receives the
waters of Genncflce River from the S, and
of Onondago, at Fort Ofwego, from the
S E, by which it communicates through
Oneida Lake, and Wood Creek, with the
Mohawk River. On the N £ this lake
difcharges itfelf into the river CataraquI,
(which at Montreal takes the name of St.
Lawrence) into the Atlantic Ocean. It
is aflcrted that thefe lakes fill once in 7
years ; but the faA is doubted. The ifl-
ands aie all at the caftcrn end, the chief
of which are Wolf, Amhcrft, Gage, and
Howe Iflands.
O/ilarig, a large, fertile county of New
York, bounded N by the lake of it^ name,
W by the Genncflce River, S by Steuben
county. It is well watered bv Gcnntfl'eP
R. its tributaries, and a number of fnialt
lakes. Cauandarquaisthc chief town, fit-
uated at the N W corner of Canandarqua
Lake, ij miles W of Geneva, and 30 NE
of Willianifljurg. This county contains
11,584 inhabitants, ol whom 57 are flavcs.
Ontario County, in U. CunadH, confifls of
the following illandsr-^an ifhnd at prcf-
ent known by the name of Tonti, (called
Amherfl Ifiand) an illand known by the
name of Iflc au Foret, (called Gage ift-
and) an ill.ind known by the name of
Grand Ifle, (called Wolfe' Illand) and an
ifland known by the name of Ifle Couch-
ois, (called Howe Hland) and compre-
hends all the iflanOii between the mouth
of the Garoqui, to the cafternmoft extrem-
ity of the late towniliip of Maryfb^rgh,
calltd Point Ple.-^fant. Smylb.
Ontariu fort, fc; 0/-avgo.
Oi,siitt, a cape or '^v\nt «a the N coaft
•f Brazil
forming t
River; tl
fidcofthi
«E by E
Onaliijht
tween the
chatka. '
of civility
They clotl
in the fam.
of fowls, i
to them, il
They cat r
and even f
formed by
kers, tailoi
alfo make n
and bcautii
favagcs, wit
out laws Ol
impiilfe of t
ly barter t
commoditic!
harbours, ti
one Is a hot
but fertile.
Jong- 187 60
Oprclon Cr
of Patowmac
Ojips, a V
Pcnnfylvania
Ogitago, in
" a port ofiic
ton.
Or, Cape d'
on the N fit
Some fmall p
found here.
Ota Cabeca .
andof Jamait
Jfrong fort on
^; at both t
age for large
Oranai, or j
Iflands in the ,
from Mowec.
46 N, and bn'
Orang', Key,
>n the Weft In
79 37.
Orange, a
m.iica, E N E
Ije within land
Town, Alfo a
'^'me ifland, be
I^orth Ncgril J
Orange, a cat
<^"'cr, S E of (
*0| \Y Jong. JO
O R A
•f Brazil, oppoGte to Cape St. LaTrrcnce,
forming together the points of Laguariba
River ; the latter cape being on the W
fide of the river. Tlie river is to leagues
S E by £ of Buhia Baxa.
Onalujhka, cr Unahifiko, an ifland be-
t\veen the coafl of America and Kamf'
cLatka. The inhabitants have a degree
of civility not common among lavages.
They clothe thcmfclve* like other peopU
in the fame ftate of fociety, with the iTcins
of fowls, &c. wearing the feathers next
to them, the fkins being neatly drelTcd.
They cat raw fi(h, birds, roots, berries,
and even fea-wccd. All fewing is per-
formed by the females, who arc fliocma-
kers, tailors, and boat builders. They
alfo make m%ts and baflcetii of grafs, flrong
and beautiful. But they are a race of
favagcs, without religion or morals, with-
out laws or government, following the
imptilfc of the moment. They frequent-
ly barter their children and wives for
commodities needed. It has fcvcral good
harbours, two burning mountains, near
one Is a hot fpring. The land is rocky
but fertile. Fifli and fowls are plenty ;
long. 187 60 W.lat. 53 29 N. Alavur.
Offcion Creek, fn Virginia, a S W water
of Patowmac River.
Ofps, 3 village in Northampton co.
Pennfylvania, 6 miles S E of Bethlehem.
Oguago, in Tioga co. New York. Here
Is a poft office, 407 milts from Wafliing-
ton.
Or, Cape iT, in Nova Scotia, is fitu^ted
on the N fide of the Bafm of Mina?.
Some fmall pieces of coj)per have bctii
found here.
Ota Cabeca Bay, on the N fide of the ifl-
and of Jamaica, in the Welt Indies, has a
ftrong fort on the E fide, and Salt Gut
W; at both thcfe places is good anclior-
age for large vefl'eis.
Oranai, or Rano', one of the Sandwich
Iflands in the N. Pacific Ocean, 9 miles
from Mowee. The point S is in lat. 20
46 N, and long. >56 .^3 W.
Orangs Key, one of the B.ihama Iflands
in the Weft Indies. N lat. 'i4 28, W long.
79 ,17.
Orange, a bay on the N E ''oafl of Ja-
Tn.iica, E N E of the high mountnin, a lit-
tle witliin land, uiuler which isCrawford's
Town. Alfo a bay at the N W end of the
lime idand, between Green Ifland N and
North Ncgril harbour S or S W.
Orange, a cape, the E point of Oyapok
River, S E of C?yttiiic Uland, N. \iX. <i
JO, W long. JO JO.
O R A
OrMitgt Key, or Cay, a fmall ifland in
Orange Bay, at the N W end of the ifl-
and of Jamaica.
Orange, a county of Vermont, which
contains i8,2.^S inhabitants. It is bound-
ed W by part of Addifon and Chittenden
counties, and E by Conncdicut River.
It now contains so townlbips. The coun-
ty town, Newbury, and ihe townfliips S
of it, viz. Bradford, Fairlce and Thctford,
front Connedlicut River. It is high land,
and fends numerous ftreams in oppofite
dircdiions, both to Conne<5licut River and
to Lake Champlain.
Orange, » townfl\ipon the N line of the
above county, in the N E corner of which
is Knox's Mountain, It has 33S inhab-
itants.
Orange, formerly Cardigan, a townftip
in Grafton co. N, Hampfliire, which gives
rife to an E branch t)f Mafcomy River.
?t was incorporated in 1789; contains
203 inhabitants ; and is 20 miles £ of
Dartmouth College.
Orange, a townfhip of Mafiachufctts,
on the E line of H^mpfhiqc co. on Mil-
ler's River, 75 mifes N W by W of Bofton.
It wa« incorporated in 1783, and contains
766 inhabitants.
Orange, a mountainous and hilly co. of
New York, bounded N by Ulfter co. E by
Hudfon R, S E by Rockland co. S W by
N. Jerfcy. It is divided int6 9 townfliips,
of which Goflien is the chief. It contains
29,355 inhabitants, of whom 1,145 """c
Haves. In this county are raifcd large
quantities of excellent butter, which is
collected at Newburgh and New Wind-
for, and thence tranfported to Ntw York.
^On the N fide of the mountains in this co.
is a very valuable tradl called the Drotun-
ed Lands, containing about 40 or 50,000
acres. The waters which defccnd from
the furrounding hilli<, being but Hovvly
difcharged by the river ilRiing from it,
cover thefe vaft meadows every winter,
and render them extremely fertile; but
they cxpofe the vicinity to iutermitteuts.
Watlkill Rivtr, v. hich pall es through this
tra<5t and empties into Hudron's River, i<,
in the fpring, ftortd with very large eels
in great plenty. The bottom of this riv-
er is a broken rock; and it i* fnppol'ed
that for ^1,000 the ch.<nnel mi;2lit be
deepened fo as to dr.iin olV the waters,
and thereby redeem irom the floods »
large tratil «)f rich land, tor gral's, hemp,
and Indian corn.
Ot.tnge, c.iiled alfo Ortingchle, a town
cciiU'-iuitij about
tijjlity
^
' iu Efltx «.o. N- Jtrfty,
f
O R A
ctghty houfes, a Preflbytcriaa churdi, and
a flourilliing academy, an4 lies N W of
Kewark, adjoining.
Orange, A county of Hilliboroiigh dif-
tt'vSt, N. Carolira; bounded N hy Caf-
well CO. S by Chatham, £ by Granville,
undW by Guilford. The river* Haw and
Enoe in this county have lands on their
bordeif. It contains 15,657 inhabitants,
of whom 3,3»7 aie flaves. Chief town,
HiUfborottgh.
Orangt, a county of South Cwolina, in
Orangeburg didrid.
Otange, a county of Virginia, bounded
N by Culpepper, and S by Albemarle.
It contains 6,207 free inhabitants, and
5,'.t42 flaves. The court hovfe is lituated
20 miles from Culpepper court houfc,30
from Chariotteville, and 373 from Phila-
delphia. The county is 55 miles long,
and 10 broad, contaming 320,000 acres.
Much of the land has been fo long culti-
vated with tobacco and Indian corn, that
it is greatly impoverifhed. There are 3
JEpiTcopal churches, 5 or 6 Baptift and i
Prefbyterian church in the county. At
the court houfie is a poft office, 117 miles
from Waihington,
Orangiburgy-i. diflrii^ of South C*roUna,
bounded S W by Edido River. It is di-
vided into i counties, viz. Lewifburg,
Orange, and Lcxingtoa, In the interior
of this drOriifl are extenfive forcft^? of
pine. It is watered by the N and S branch-
es of the EdiQo River, and has 15,766 in-
habitants, of whom 5,356 ai£ flav£s. iaae
South Carolina.
Orangeburg, a poft town of South Caro-
lina, and capital of the above diAri(n:, is
on the £ Ode of the N branch of Edifto
River. It has a court houfe, gaol, and
•bout 20 houfcs ; 77 miles N N W of
CharlefVun, 40 foutherly of Columbia,
and 721 from Philadelphia.
OrangetvwH, ot Greenlandf a plantation
in Cumb'erlaiid co. Maine, N W of Wa-
terford. One branch of Songo River ri-
fes in the northern part of this plantation,
within about 3 miles of Amarifcoggin
River, where there is a pond, two miles
long, called Songo Pond ; from thence the
ftream runs fouthward. It is very diiG-
cult to ciTedl roads through this mountain-
ous country; fome of the mountains af-
fording precipices 200 feet perpendicular.
The <ides of the mountains and vallies
are fertile, produce good crops, and in
feme inflances afford wild onions which
rcfemble thofc that are cultivated. Win-
ter rye, which is tlie chief produce, has
amounted to 20 bufhels an acre. The
covntry in the neighbourhood iormorJy
abounded with a variety of game, viz.
mocfe, deer, bears, beaver, racoon, fable,
&c. but Tince it has been inhabited, game
has become fcarce ; deer are eziirpACed
from the vicinity; fome moofe remain
among the mountains, and a few beaver,
that aia too fagaciotu to be taken by
the mod crafty hunter. Since the deer
have been deftroyed, the waives have
wholly left this part of the country.
Orangetcwn, or Tampan, in Orange CO.
New York, is fituated on the W fide of
the Tappan Sea, oppofitc Phillipfburgh,
and about 27 miles N of New York city.
The townihip is bounded E by Hudfoa
River, and S by the State of New Jerfcy.
It contained in 1790, X175 free inhabi-
tants, and 203 flaves.
Orangetmvn, in Wafhlngtoa CO. Maine,
is 19 miles from Machias.
Orcbilla, one of the I^ceward Iflauds it
the W. Indies, iituated near the coaft of
Terra Firma, S. America ; between the
iflands of Tortuga and Rocai 15 or 16
leagues N W of the former, and 6 or 7
E and £ by M of the latter. It is about
8 leagues long. On the S arid S W Gdc,
the flrand is (lecp and bold, fo that a (hip
may lay her broad fide clofe to the ihore :
bat the ff Cde is foul and rocky. Here
is no good water, nor indeed any thing elfe
but ffaelter from nor therly winds, and goat's
flcfli. It is divided into feveral fmali ifl-
ands, feparated from each other by fhal-
low canals. N iat. 11 52, W long. 65 15.
Otdado Rod, near the coad of Peru, is
4 miles S by E of Port Callao. N^ar
it are fome unaller ones, and round them
from 9 to 16 fathoms water.
Oreabou, or Oreebou, a fmall elevated ifl-
and, cbie to the N fide of Oneeheow, one
of the Sandwich Iflands ; with which it is
connected by a reef of coral rocks. It
contains about 4,000 inhabitants. N Iat.
44 1, W lon^. 160 8.
Oregon Hiver. See Riiur of the Wtjt.
Orford, a pofl town in Grafton co. N.
Hampfliire, on the E bi: i of Connc<fli-
cut River, about i <i miles N of Hanover,
and oppofite to Fairlce in Vermont. It
was incorporated in 1761, ao.d contains
988 inhabitants. The foap rock, which
has the property of fuller's earth in cleanf-
ing cloth, is found here ; alfo allum ore,
free done fit for building, and a grey
(lone, in great demand for mill fionci.,
reckoned equal in quality to the import-
ed buir-ft«nc». .V..,
■ ' OrforJ^
kX
Or/ora\
ef the Jar
Sound in
Atlantic <
Or/ord,
CanadS, <
ford, N an
'avians; i
irie, and
northward
Orfard^a.
Afcot, hav
*as a con I
another in
Orlatidj a
en the E bs
mouth, Iiav
Bobfcot on
E. It is 17
Orphan I/i
teat River, <
land on the
It contains a
tent tillage U
Orinoio. {
Orifaba, thi
W, vifible 6(
volcanic in r
*o years. TJ
this province.
Orleans, th(
counties of v
Mcmphrcmai
Wn part of it
17 townfliips.
fends its watei
of the comp
Black Rivers «
"/gog; the 1
MifEfcoui,, La
rifing here, fa
fhofe of Mulh
into Connedh'c
Jnhabitants,
Orleans, a pc
WafTachufctts,
PartofEaflham
R has Harwich
from Bofbn.
<■« and Mafla<
meet oppofi^te
found in great
JWade an artich
♦houfand barre
'cl, are in for
'800, there we:
this town, inhal
*.095 fouls.
Orleans, IJl, 0,
«f. tawfciKc,
■t-, .
•he
rly
nz.
;ilc,
.me
ted
laia
vtr,
by
leer
lavc
wttof
;0 the
or 16
6 or?
, aboi»t
V Cidc,
tafhtp
fhore;
1 Here
ng clfe
dgoat'e
O RL
Ot/ori, Cafe, the ncrthwetVerhnioft point
of the large ifland to the W of Falkland's
Sound in the Falkland Ifliinds, in the S-
Atlantic Ocean, and S 1 of CapePercival.
Or/ord, tbi tvwnjbip of, in Snflfblk co. U.
Canadtir dfftinguiflicd fometimcs by Or-
ford, N and S, is tht rcfidtnct of the Mo-
f avians; it is hounded mi the S by Lake
trie, and watered by the Thames to the
northwards Smyih.
Orfardy a to«nf|gp *n L. Canada, W of
Afcot, having iftdut 30 mhabitant!B. It
Itas a confidcrable lake in the N,. and
another in the S part of tiie townfliip.
Orlant/fa. town in Hancock co. Maine,
en the E bank of Penobfcot Sliver, at its
mouth, liaving Buckflown on the N, Pe-
nobfcot on the S, and Ellfworth on the
£. It is 17 miles N of Caftine.
Orfban I/land, in the ffiOUlh Of PenOb-
fcot River, oppofite to the towns of Or-
land on the E, and ProfpeA om the W.
It contains about 10,000 acres of excel-
lent tillage land.
Orinoio. See Oyonvh Kver,
Orifaia, the higheft mountain of Mezi>
eo, vifible 60 miles diftant. It became
volcanic in 1545, and fo continued for
7)0 years. There are many volcanoes in
this province.
Orleant, the middle Of the 3 northern
counties of Vermont. A part of Lake
Memphremagog proje«!U into the north-
frn part of it from Canad<t. It contains
17 townfliips. It is very high land, and
fends its waters in almoft every dircAion
of the compafs. Clyde, Barton and
Black Rivers empty into Lake Memphre-
magog; the waters of many branches of
Miflifcoui,. La Mocllc, and Onion Rivers,
rifmg here, fall into Lake Champlain;
thofe of Mulhegan and PafunipPic empty
into ConnedHcut River. It contains 1,4 j 9
inhabitants.
Orlcant, a pod town, Barndable county,
MafTachufctts, taken from the foutherly
part ofEanham,and incorporated in 1797.
It has Harwich on the W,and is 91 miles
from Bofh^n. The tides from Narragan-
fet and MafTachufetts Bays, are faid to
meet oppodte this town. Clams are
found in great abundance here, and are
made an article of profitable traffic. A
thoufand barrels, worth fix dollars a bar-
rel, are in fome years faltcd here. In
rSoo, there were 141 dwelling houfes in
this town, inhabited by 174 families, and
1,095 fouls.
Orleans, IJte of, is Gtuated in the river
St, Lawrence, » fmall diftaace below
O RO
Quebec, and is remarkable for the ficJ'f-
nels of its foil. It lies in the middle d(
the river, the channel upon the S fide rtf
the ifland, the N fide not having depth
of water at full tide, even for fliallops.
The S W end of the ifland is called Point
Orleans. The eoaft is rotky for a mile
and a half within the S channel, wlitrft
there is a careening pl*ce for mejciwnt
flilps. Round Point Levi, and aloiVg tlit
S E fide of the river, the ihorc is' rocky,
but the middle of the bafon is entirely
free. '
Orleanst 2^nv. See New Orteant and
LoHiJiana.
Orleans, Old Fort, is (ftuated on the \V
bank of a bend of MilTouri River, rrt
Louifiana, a confidcrable dfftance from
its mouth.
Orodada Pina, on tire coaft of Peru, t%
two leagues due N of Lobos de Payta,
and two S by W of Payta.
Orotncoto, a river of New Brorfwicfc,
which empties into St. John's River. Bir
this paffagc the Tndians have a communi-
cation with PafTamaquoddy Bay.
Otondocls, ati Indian tribe who live near
Trois Rivieres, and could furnifli zoo
warriors about 30 years ago.
Oroneio, or Oranoque, one of the liirgcft
rivers of 8. /\merica, and is remarkable
for its rifing and falling once a year only J
for it gradually rifes during the fpacc oE
5 months, and then remains one month
ftationary, after which it falls for 5
months, and in that flate continues for
one month allb. Thcfe alternate changes
arc regular, and even invariable. Per*
haps the rifing of tlie waters of the river
may depend on the rains which conftant«
ly fall in the motintains of the Andes>
(where the river has its fource) every
year about the month of April ; an<i
though the height of the flood depends
much upon breadth or extent of the bed
of the river, yet in one part where it ia
narrowcft,it rifes to the aflonifliing height
of lao feet. The mouth of the river i»
S by E of the Gulf of PSria, in lat. 8 30
N, and long. 59 50 W, and oppofite to the
Ifland of Trinidad. It is large and iiavi»
gable, and has many good towns on itn
banks, that are chiefly inhabited by the
Spanifli, and is joined alfo on the £ lide
by the Lake Calipa. There arc two oth-
er iflands at its mouth, the entrance of
which is alfo f<)mcwli,it dangerous, as
there is frequently a dreadful confli<5t be-
tween the tide of the ocean and the cur-
rent of ibc livor, that mufl, for the rea-
£oa»
''.': '.^i'
iilih ■
il;
ifT'
I
R P
ioai alEgncd, rometimes run very rapid-
ly. Ic is faid the river, including its
\tindings, takes a courfe uf 1380 miles,
and prefcrvfs the freninefs of its waters
twelve Itaguei from themnuth of that vad
and deep channel^ within which it was
confined. It may be confidered, howev-,
cr, as having many mouths, which arc
formed by the iflands tliat lie before its
opeilj^g towards the ocean ; yet there are
only t^o that are contidcrcd as of atiy
iifc for the purpofet of navigation. Thefe
are the channels of Sabariina and Coro-
bana, otherwifc called Caribbianai 'i'he
iattcr lies in a S by W diredlion, and is
a)fo divided into two didindl channels
that afterwards meet again at the ifland
of Trinidad in the mouth of the Grand
River. But pilots pretend to fay, that
the mouth of this great rivcf begins from
the river Amugora, reaching from thence
to the river Sabarima, and from thence
about to the river Caribbiana : andfomc
accounts fbatc its mouths to be 40 in num-
ber, as if it were a coilcdion of many
rivers, all uniting at the moi'.ih of the
great river, and afliding to convey the
main Aream of that river into the ocean.
The weft paiTage or channel of the river
Oronoko, called by the Spaniards the
Gulf of Paria, lies between Cape Salinas
on the main and the north-weft point of
the ifland of Trinidad. It contains fev-
eral ii1and«, which divide the ftream of
the river into fevcral branches, particu-
larly the Great Boco, or Mouth, which is
the eaftcrnmoft, being about gun-lhot
wide, but having no founding?, with 300
fathoms, and the Little Boco, or Mouth,
vhich is the wcftcrnmoft, being almoft a«
wide as the other, and having ground at
from 56 to 60 fathoms. At New Cape
Araya, on the northward fide of the
mouth of this river, arc fait pits, which
yield the fiueft fait in the world. In fome
maps, the head- waters are called Inirchia.
Oranoio, Little. See Mocomoco,
Oronui IJIaud, in Pcnobfcot River, at
the N end of Mar(h's Ifland.
Oropefa, a town in the jurifdiJlion of
La Plata, S. America ; fituated 60 miles
N W of that city, in the valley of Cocha-
bamba, on a fmall rivulet which empties
into the river Guapay. It has a confid-
eralile trade in corn and fruits.
Oroftfa, a town of S. America, m Peru,
fcated at the foot of the mountains, 750
miles from Lima, and 150 N E of Potofi.
£ l.'t. i3, W long. 6.^ 20.
Qi-^kin's Bark, a/illipg l^aRk off the S
O 3 A
E point of Chalcur's Bay, on the N E cc»aft
of New- Brunfwick, ill N. America. On
it is from 75 to 30 fathoms water.
Orphan*! Ifland^ in Lake Ontario, U.
Canada, lies oIFthe eaft fliore of Maryf*-
burgh, and near to it in Traverfe Bay.
OitingtoHy a town in Hancock co. Maine,
at the head of the tide on the eaft fide nf
Pcnobfcot River, oppofite the towns of
Bangor and Hamden, 3 2 miles northerly
from Caftine. It has 785 inhabitant!!.
Orr/vilU, Grainger co. Tcimeffee. Here
is a poft office, 501 miles ftom Washing-
tC.i.
Orfoti't IJlandf in t'enobfcot River, lies
at the head or N end of Marfli's Ifland.
It contains about 1000 acres. (N. D.
This ifland and Orano take their names
from Indian Chiefs their proprietors.)
Orua, or Aruba, the moft wefterly of the
Caribbce Iflands, called by the Spaniard*
Les Iflcs de Sottovento. It is on the coaft
of the Spanilli Main. N lat. i% 3, W
long. 69 3.
0/-«r«, a jurifdidion in the archbifliop-
ric of La Plata. Its capital is San Phc-
lipe de Auftria de Oruro, 30 leagues from
the city of La Plata.
Orwel, a poft town of Vermont, the
ncrth-wefternmoft in Rutland co. on the
E fide of Lake Champlain. It contains
1376 inhabitants. Mount Independence
ftands In this townfliip oppofite Ticondc-
roga. Near Mount Independence is a
chalybeate fpring.
Orwell River, U. Canada, rifes in a long
marih towards the river I'hames, and
tunning foutherly difcharges itfelf into
Lake Erie, between Landguard and the
North Foreland, having about %\ feet of
water 011 its bat. There is water enougli
for a loaded boat to go three miles up
this river. The land on each fide in ma-
ny places confifts of large rich flats, ad-
joining the river, which appear at times
to have been overflowed ; and on the
adjacent highlands is a deep black foil.
Smyth,
0/iiget,in Indian nation who inhabit on
the river of the fame name, on the riglit
bank of the Mifl^ouri, about 80 leagues
from its confluence with it. They num-
ber aooo warriors, wh«) live in two fettle-
ments near each other. They are of a
gig:^nt^c ftature and well prtiportionc I,
are enemies of the whites and of all other
Inc ian nations, and commit dcprcdatinnH
fi cm the Illinois to the Arkanfas. The
tizde of this nation is faid to be uudfr
sn tsclufive gr?Bt. ri',7 arr a cruel ;!i;-I
fetociui:!
leroc'ons r
other Indh
from the V
MiUburj, al
"ppi.
- Ofgoode 7,
^«f. U. Car
on the eaft f
'«ij? that rivi
Cpial/ruik
Stormont in
fli'P in afcen
The Rapid c
front of this
'ng up keep
Weafure, bccj
fettled ; but i
'ally pafs bei
fouth i\-iwe^ i
eft, and altogei
inhabitants of
their grain \vi(
Montreal mar
the lumber tra
fafety down th
which pafs Chi
plain ; it being
Quebec, that 1
St. Lawrence ai
which come f
I'here is howevi
''ft to the rafts
fon of having t{
Francis and St.
oting more or
trade. But as tl
IS larger than c
^ou's, muft be pa
Ynamplain or th
"if c is no doub
W.1I find its way ,
Some fctrlers hav
J^mpt, even from
^•nti ; and whe,
V"y fertile counti
the Montreal or
''Tt will anfwer
■•^quires but a fc„
»nd gr.-„-n or pot-
^"yaimany^thci
J o/.-jWafma/l
I ";'"n, having the:
J"t;ahonfe. It i, ^^
r""i '■" hijjhiand;
r-'« no anchoring p
[ords landing f„,^'
r^'^^^Capt.WalJi,
f y the natives.
ml
S N
leroc'ous race, hated and feared hy all the
other Indiani. !?'#"/<"'•
Ofjge, a river of Louifiana, which runs
from the W into the right banlc of the
JVliirouri, ahout 34 miles from the Mifli-
fippi.
. Ofgoode Tntunjbip, in the county of Dun-
dflf, U. Canada, is the fecond townlhip
vn the ead fide of the Radeau, iti afcend-
inp /hat river.
Gfiiabrui.k Totunjhip, in the connty bf
iSturmunt in U. Canada, is the 4th town-
lljip in afcending the river St. Lawrence.
The Rapid called the Long Saiilt, lies in
front of this townOiip ; the boats in go-
ing up keep the north fli<5re, in great
Bjesfure, bccaufe the foiith Hiort is not
fettled ; but in defcending they iinivcr-
fally pafs between the illands and the
fouth flibre, that being the largeft, deep-
eft, and altogether the fafcft paflage. The
inhabitants of late years have taken down
their grain with flfety, on rafts, tc the
Montreal markets. Many think that
the lumber trade is carried oh with more
fafety down thefe Rapids, than by thofe
which pafs Chamhiy, from Lake Cham-
plain ; it being a frequent obfcrvation at
Quebec, that the rafts from the upper
St. Lawrence are left ragged than thofe
which come from Lake Champlain.
There is however fome little additional
tiflc to tlie rafts from U. Canada, by rea-
fon of having to pafs the fmall lakes St.
Francis and St. Louis ; all broad waters
being more or lefs againft the rafting
trade. But as the lake St. i'ierre, which
is larger than cither St. Francis or St.
Louis, muft be pafled, whether from Lake
Champlain or the Upper St. Lawrence,
there is no doubt but the lumber trade
will find its way down the St. Lawrence.
Some fettlers have already made the at-
tempt, even from the head of the Bay of
Quinti ; and when the produce of that
very fertile country fliall be exported for
the Montreal or foreign markets, the
raft will anfwer a double purpofe ; it
requires but a few hands to manage it,
and grain or pot-afli may be carried as
dry as in any other way. Smyth,
■Ofiaburgy a fmall iilnnd in the S. Pacific
[Ojcan, h.iving the.appearancc of the roof
jofa houfe. It is about 4 leagues in cir-
Icuit; is highland; full "f cocoa-trees;
|h;is no anchoring place, and fcarcely af-
Ifurds landing for a boat. It was dilcov-
ered by Capt. Wallis, and is called Mnitto
Jiy the natives. S 1«. 17 ja, W Jong.
Vttt. I. S E e
OSS
Ofniflvrtt, another iHand in the fain©
fea, difctivcred by Capt. Carteret. S lit.
22, W long. I4t 34.
0[n,ihurg Hoifti a fettlement of the
Hudfon's Bay Company, in N. America ;
fitiiated at tlie N t corner of Lake St.
Jofeph, tzo miles W by S of Glouceder
Houfe. N lat. 51, W long. 90 15.
Oforiib, an inland town of the kingdom
of Chili, on the N bank of the river Bue-
na ; 41 miles cafl of the fea>coaft, and
45 S E of Baldivia. The adjacent coun-
try is unfruitftil, but very rich in gold
mines, whicii renders the place very pop-
ulous. S lat. 40 30, W long. 7 1 JO.
OJabatv Sound und Ifland, on the coafl
-tjf Georgia, The found opens between
VVafTaw Klandon the N and Olfabaw Ifl-
and on the S, and leads into the river
Ogeechee;
CJfapee, dr Ofafy, a pod town, moun*
tain, and pond, in N. Hampfhire, Straf-
ford CO. near the E line of the State.
The town was incotpor'ated in 1785, and
has 804 inhabitants. The lake lies N C
of Winnipiferigee Lake, between which
and OHapee Lake is' Offapee Mouatun, It»
waters run E, and, joined by South Riv-
er, form Greai OJfipei River, which emp-
ties into Saco River, near the divilion line
between York and Cumberland counties, '
in Maine, between Limerick and Gor-
ham.
Offnolian, or AJJcntbnyne Indiant, a tribe
found about the fonrce of OiTnobian or
AfTencboyne River, far Wof Lake Supe-
rior. They are faid by the Moravian
miilionaries to live wholly on animal •
food, or at leaft to confine themfelves to
the fpontaneous productions of nature, ,
giving thofe who dig the ground the ap-
pellation ofjlaves. Bread is unknown ru '
them. A traveller, who lived fome
.-nonths in their country, offered to fome
a few remnants of bread, which they
chewed and fpit out again, calling it rot- ■
ten wood. Thele Indians, as well as thofe
numerous nations who inhabit the coun-
try from Lake Superior, towards the
Sliining Mountains, are great admirers of
the heft hunting-horfes, in which the '
country abounds. The horfes prepared
by them for hunters, have large holes cut '
auove their nat>iral noftrils, which they ,
lay makes them longer winded than oth-
ers not thus prepared. The Oli'nobian* ;
have no permanent place of abode, but
live wholly in tents made of buffaloeand
otlicr hides, with which they travel fionx
one place tj aaether, like the Arabs ; '
«nd
\\M
\ «■'■■!
'11
;.tH
\^
II
OTA
auA a'- foon as llic Food for tlicir horfcs i*
tjptncicd, they remove, and j>itv.li their
tent* in another fertile fpot •, aiifl to on
ront!nual)y, fcarctly ever returning to
the fame Ipots again.
OJlico, a fmall lake in OnoiuLigo co. N.
Tfork, partly in the S E corn<fr of Mat- I
cclliis, and N W corner of the towufliip
N?f Tully. It fends its waters from the N
end, which is eight miK s S wtftcrly of
Onaudago Cattle, by a ftrtam i6 miles
Jong, to Salt Lake.
0;1incs, or Cbarlff.oivn, a conCJerahIc
town in the ifl.md of Barbadors.
Ofiucgatcbie, Nnv, on the N fide of the
river Sc. Lawrence, U, Canada, is in the
townfliip of Augufta.
Cfw:>ratcfjie Hirjer, runs a N wcftcrly
courfe from its fource into St. Lawrence
CO. N. York; it then bends S, and then
N and N E ahout 25 miles, and then turns
and purfue* a weflcrly courfe, by the
northern part of the lake of its name, the
waters of which it receives, and then runs
J miles N W into the St. Lawrence. The
]ake of this name is about 1 8 miles long,
faom S W to N £, and fends its waters
north- eaftward into the river of its name.
It is about 10 miles N E of The Tho>j-
fand Lakes, near the entrance into Lake
Ontario.
q/kfrgatcluei, an Indian tribe reading
at Swagatchcy,on the river Sr..La\vreiKe,
in Canada. They could furnifli about
XOO warriors, 30 years ago.
Ofuiego, a navigable river of N. York,
which conveys the waters of Oneida and
a number of fmall lakes, into Lake Onta-
rio. It is more commonly called OnenJa'
go. i which fee.
Ofu/ego, a fortrefa fituated on the E fide
ofithe mouth of the above river, and S E
fide of Lake Ontario, in lat. 43 40 N^and
long. 75 43 W. It was taken by the
Britifli from the French in 1756, and con-
£imed to thtm by the peace of 1763. It
was delivered up to the United btates
July 14,1796. It is about 150 or j 60 miles
£ by N ot Niagara. Here ia a poll ofiice.
Ofivego Creei, Great, in the CO. of Lin-
coln, U. Canada, runs into ihc rivet Wtl-
land, above the Little Ofwego Creek near
the N W part of the towuihip ot Wain-
fleet,
Otiriah,K JMrifdi«Etion in the province
©f Qiiito, joined on tiie S to that of San
iVligiiel de Ibarra. The lands are laid
out in plantations, and produce great
quantities of fugar. The Indian* in the
,villaj;es, ii» atlo tbofe wbo are iiuJcpen*
OTA
dent, manufa«5lure great variety of eirt-
ton% viz. carpets, pavilions for b«ds,qnilt«
in damafk work, wholly of cotton, either
white, blue, or variegated with diiTcrenr
colours; all which are highly valued,
both in the province of Quito and Peru,
where they are dilpofed of to great ad-
vantage. The wheat and barley here, ir
fo>rcd like Indian corn, in little holes, a^
foot diftant from cachother, putting 5 or
6 corns into each ; and they generally
reap above an hundred fold. The coun*
try U remarkably fertile, and targe quao-
titles of chcefe vcmade.
Otahulo, the principal village of the
above jurifdiftion, is large and populous,
and is faid to contain xiS.ooo or 20,000
fouls. Among them u a conflderable
number of Spaniards.
OtahayOnc of the Society Iflands in the
^ S. Pacific Ocean, whofc north end i» in
lat. 16 a fimth,. and long, iji 10 weft.
It has two good harbours. See Obamtnt
and Oherurua,
Otahe'ite, the Santatia of Qiiiros, whff
fird difcovercd it m 1606, one of the So-
ciety Illands in the South Sea. It wat
firft vifited by Capt. Wallis in 1767, and
afterwards by Capt. Cook and other cir-
cumnavigators. It confiQs of % peninfu-
las, which are connedled by a low neck
of land, i^ut % miles over ; the circum-
ference of both peninfulas is fomewhat
more than 90. miles. The whole iiland
is furrounded by a reef of coral rocks,
within, which the fliore forms fcveral ex-
cellent bays and harbours, where there is
room- and depth of water fot any number
of the largeft fhips. The face of the
country, except that part of it which bor-
ders upon the fca, is very uneven ; it
rifcs in ridges that run up into the mid-
dle of the ifland, and there form moun-
tains, that may be fcen at the diftance of
60 miles. Between thcfe ridges and the
fea is a border of low land extending:
along all the coad, except iu a few placet,
where the ridgts rife dirtdlly from the
fta. This border is of diiTcrent breadths,
but no where more than a mile and a
h.<lf. There arc fcveral rivers which
precipitate their waters from the moun-
tains. Not the lead appearance of min-
erals is to be found. The ttones fhew
evident tokens of having been burned.
Traces of fire arc alfo manilefl in tlie
very clay upon the hilts. It may there-
fore not unrcafenably be fuppoied, that
this and the neighbouring itiands are cir
ther Ihattcrcd remain* of a continent,
-wkick
which we
fuuk by t
fire, or lu
the bed
' and thro\
vhich the
except ijpc
is cxtPcmci
a great n,
water, 5
rious kinu.
'y growth
form one c
of tlie ridg(
burned up
not withoi
lands betwc
the fea, and
lies, are the
are inhabitc
lous. Tlje
or towns, hi
border, at tl:
from each i
Srlt difcovei
were the o
pigeons, par
oirds, and r;
1'he breed ol
proved from
hcns.jjeefe.p*
«nd flieep h
Bcafb of pre
arc none. TJ
bread-fruit, c
forts, and all «
refembling a:
yams, and cc
the middle fiz
In their difpof
and generous,
OTA
which were left behind wlien the reft vm
funk by the exptofion of a fuhtcrraneous
fire, or have been torn from rock* uiuler
the bed of the lea, by the fximc caufe,
and thrown up in hcapi to an hci°ht
which the waters never reach. 'I'he loil,
except upon tlie very tops of the ridges,
is cxtPcmely rich ?nd fertile, watered by
i great n/mbc rivulets of excellent
water,* .oven.. h fruit trees of va-
rious kiuu., fome o .lich are of a flate
ly growth and thick foliage, fo as to
form one continued wood ; even tiie tops
of the ridges, though in general bare and
burned up by the fun, arc in fome parts
not without their produce. Tiic low
lands between the foot of the ridges and
the fea, and lomc of the interjacent val-
lies, arc the only parts of the ifland that
are inhabited. Here indeed it is popu-
lous. The houfee do not forin villages
or towns, but are ranged along the whole
border, at the diflance of aboul 50 yards
from each other. When the ifland was
firit difcovered, hogs, dogs and poultry
were the only tame animals ; ducks,
pigeons, paroquets, with a few other
birds, and rats, the only wild animals.
I'he breed of hogs has been greatly im-
proved from Europe- Cats, dogs, goats,
hens, geefe, peacocks, ducks, cattle, horfes
and flietp have been introduced here.
Beafts of prey, or noxious reptiles, there
arc pone. The vegetable produAions are
bread-fruit, cocoa-nuts, banannas of 13
forts, and all excellent ; plantains ; a fruit
refembling an apple ; fweet potatoes,
yams, and cocoas. The people exceed
the middle fize of Europeans in ilature.
In their difpofitions, they are brave, open,
and generous, without either fufpicion or
treachery. Except a few traces of nat-
ural cunning, and fome traits of dilfimu-
lation, equally artlcfs and inotTenlive,
they poflefs the mod pcrfcdt fimplicity
of charatSler. Their atftions are guided
by the immediate impuife of the reign-
ing paihon. Their palTions are tl;e gen-
uine eflPufions of the heart, which they
have never been taught to difguife or
reprcfs, and are therefore depitSted by
the Qronged exprelFions of countenance
and gcfture. Their feelings are lively,
hut in no cafe permanent : they are af-
fetJled by all the changes of the pafling
hour, and refledl the colour of the time,
however frequently it may vary. Their
vivacity is never difturbed by anxiety or
care ; brought to the brink of the grave
l«y difsul'e, or when pieparing to go to
O T C
battle, their faces are unclouded by me!'*
ancholy or fcrious reflc<flion. Their lan»
guage IS fof( and melodious ; it abounds
witii vowels, and is caGly pronounced.
It is rich in beautiful and figurative ex-
prclljons, and admitfi of that inverted ar-
rangement of words, which diftinguifliCT
the ancient fiom niofl modern hingu^gi!a>
It is fo copious, that for the bread-fruit
s . "ey have above twenty names.
A, (o this, that befldeB the common dia-
lect, they often cxpoHulate in a kind of
Clauza or recitative. The two peninl°>i!as
arc but one kingdom. The number of
inhabitants, in 1774, was cdimated by
Ciipt. Cook at 304,000. The power and
ftrength of this and the neighbouring iil-
auds lie entirely in their navies ; and lU
their decilivc battles are fought on the
water. Otaiicite alone is fuppofed able
to fend out 1 7 ao war canoes, and 68,coo
able men. The chief of each diflriiit
fiiperintends the equipping of the (leet in
that diftrict ; but (hey mud all pufs in
review before the king, fo that he know*
the (late of the whole belure they aiFcm-
ble to go on fervice. It is faid that when
a bone is fo fltattercd that a piece is mitr-
ing, they infert a piece of wood between
the fra<5iurcd ends, which heak over in a
few days. Women arc not allowed to eat
with the men. The man is at full liberty
to leave his wife till fhe becomes a moth-
er ; then he may, if he will, deflroy the
child. If the child be preferved they
feld(mi part, but the man may take anoth-
er wi'e. Different deities are worfliip-
ped in dilTerent parts of the ifland. If
they fee others more profperou* than
thcmfelves, they adopt their gods and re-
jedl their own. They believe the foul
immortal, but have not dillindt ideas of
rewards and punithments. Though they
are the rood; friendly and amiable pagans
in the world, human facrifices are com-
mon. To atone for their fins, they mur-
der their neigjibours, offer them to their
gods, and leave their bones on the fand.
i'he London Miffionary Society, in the
fpirit of clieir Divine Mafter, have fent a
number of miffionaries to this ifland, to
St. Chrilliana and Fongataboo. Otaheite
is in lat. iB S, long. 150 W.
Oiukootai, a fmall itland in the S. Pao
citic Ocean, 4 leagues from Wateeoo, and
about 3 miles, iu circuit. S lat. 19 15,
W long. 158 23.
Otcbier, a bay on the N coaft of S.
America, to the W oi the river Urano,
and i£ uf Cape CalUcro. ^
Otcavattofaoi
!. ■>:'
;-; i
■; r
1":
It
■ . '^: ■ .
1
•J^ii
■''■''^ '■«
' mmR
''^^B
''■- ^B
m
ja|
H
I
T T
9ttavitneeea, a large and fpacinuA har-
bour and bay on the S W anil of the
i/land of Bolabola, one of the Society Ifl-
ands. K lat. i6 30, W long. T51 4 %.
Otiafelrf, a town in Cuit. i-miuI co.
^■TMinc, E i)f Briilpetown. A flrcani trcm
5ojiRO FoMd pafl'cs thiouph tlie wcflerly
put of this town, on its way 10 Stliago.
It IS v*;y free of ragged hills and moun-
tains, i'he greatcft part of it alTords a
growth of beech, maple, afli, bafs, and
birch, and is good laud. It contains 450
iDhahitanti.
Otogimlei, an Indian nation in the IJ.
"W. Territory, who inhabit betwttn the
Xake of the Woods and MilEfippi River.
Warriors 300.
O/07M,an' idandon the Wcoaft of New-
Mexico, in theB«yof Panama, 17 leagues
S of the city of that name, from vhcnce
it is fupplicd with provirioos. M lat. 7
50, NV long. 81 10. ■ •• ■ .
Otfegoy a cbunty of N. Vork, on the S
fide of Mohawk River. It has Hcrlce-
mer co, N, Schoharie £, Delaware S, and
Chenango W. The h' d 'waters of Suf-
quehahnah, and thf* okquago branch
of Delaware, iritetfeifi is county. Here
are alfo the lakes Ocfcgp and Caiiiadera-
^1 which fend their waters, in an united
:^eam, to the Sufquchannah.' It has 1788
inhabitants. In 1791, when this coUnty
«vas but thinly fettled, as ifnany as 300
chefts of maple fugar were manufaiflured
here, 40olbs. each. The courts are held
at Cooperftown, in the' townfliip of Ot-
fego. • ■■ .
~ OtftgOy a townfhip and lake, in the
county above defcribed. 'The' townfliip
was taken from Unadilla, and incorporat-
ed in 1796. Qn the £ the townfliip en-
clofesLakeOtfego,which ftparatts it from
Cherry Valley. This lake is the bead of
the Sufquehanhah Rivei*, 2ind is about 9
tniles long, and a little more than a mile
■wide. The lands on its banks are Very
good, and the cultivation of it eafy. It
contaiils 4,244 inhabitants. ' '
OUaivas, an Indian nation who inhabit
the'E fide of I/ake Michigan, 21 miles
from Mich^llimackinack, in Wayne coun-
ty or Territory. Their hunting grounds
lie between Lakes Michigan aiid Huron.
They could fnmifli ano warriors 30 years
ago. A tribe of thefc alfo lived near St.
Jofcph's, and had ijo warriors. Anoth-
er tribe lived with the Cliippewas, on Sa-
guinam Bay, who together "could raifc
ico warriors. Two oi thcfe tril)C8 lately
ftofttle, fignefi the treaty of peace with
O U A
the United States, at Greenville, Augult
.?d, 179J. In confequcnce of land* ceded
bv ihem to the United State;, govern-
ment !ias .igreed to pay them in goods,
icno di)l'ars a ye^r, forever.
Qttaiva, or Grand Jii-vcr, See Grand Rivrr,
Otirr liny, ou the S coiifl of the iflaiid
of NfiiToiindlaiid, i3 betwefu Bear and
Swift Bays, .nnd near C.ipc Raye.
Otter Ctffi, called by the French Rivieie
a Lottis, a river of Vermont, which rifcs
in Bio-nlf y, and purfutng'a ftorthern di-
re(fticii about 90 milts, empties info Lake
Chainplain at Fen ifburg; and in its courfc
receives about 15 fmall tributary flream«.
In it are large fa'.l? at Rutland, V'ttsford,
Middlcbtiry, ajid Verjjennes. Between
the falls the waier is deep and navigable
for the largeft boats." Veflels of any bur-
den may go up to the falls at Vergennesj,
5 miles from its nioufh. The head of
this river is not more than 30 feet ft-oni
Batten Kill, which luns in a contrary di-
rection, 'and falls into Hudfon's River.
Its mouth is 3 miles N of Bafon Harbmir^
" Otter Creei, a fmall dream which emp-
ties into Kentucky River, £ of Boouf-
borough. - ~ I - -
' Otters UtaJ, a remarkable high rock,
on the N fliore of Lake Superior, W of
the river Rouge, Upper Canada. '
' Otter Stream^ a branch Of Great Work*
River, both which by innc molith of 10
rods, unite and fall into Penobfcot ou its
£ fide^ oppolite Marfli Ifland, about two
niiles beloW the Great Falls, aud 10 above
the head of the tide. ' ,•■■'■'■■ ^
' Ouabajh. See IVaL^Jb Ifhier.
Ouais's Bay sad Xivrr, are about two
leagues round the N point of the ifland
of Cape Breton, iu the Gulf of St. Law-'
rcncc.
■ Otianaminthe, a French parifli and vil-
lage on the N fide of the illand of St,
Domingo, five leagues S E of Fort Dau-
phin. •
Ouaguapienci^atv, or Elatifanoia, or Oter-
fonole, is a lake or rather marfli, between
Flint and Oakmulgee Rivers, in Georgia,
faid to be nearly 300 miles in circumfe-
rence. In wet feafons it appears like an
inland fea, and has feveral large iflands of
rich land ', one of which the prefent gen-
eration of Cicek Indians reprefent as the.
moft blifsfnl fpot on earth. They fay
it is inhabited by a peculiar race of In-
dians, whole women are incomparably
beautiful. They tell that this tcrrcflrial
paradife has been fttn by fome cnterpri-
ilnj hunters, when in purfuit of their
ganir,
fame, wJ
fwamps a
periJliing,
k coiiipai;
they call
)cindly ga\
had with
i'orn cakes
»ly for Ikft
caufe theii
cruel to I
that thcfe
I'cttlcments
of an iflant
all their ^n
were invoh
iike enchar
cd they hac
fly hcfiire i
delufive put
ty eflecled ;
ftory concirr
which fccm!
thatthcinha
fugitive fchi
WJiocfcaped
dctifiVc bati
Creeks, (whc
nearly exter
peopfc) and I
and fecure fi
conquerors.
<illa,. which fa
beautiful littl
into th6 bay
arc faid, by;
this lake. " '1
are yet but li
Jymuch lefs
luppofcd."
OuofiQto Mo
the Laurel M
and Virginia,
^ide'af the G
and S W.-^ T
•flid free-ftont
rally covered
*y of timber,
^vell watered.
■ Ouepa),i tow
ontheN.Pacifi
Ouiard/ion, a
Indiana Territi
^al>al7i, in I
58 W. ' This v^
'I'hus far the \
fi'lcs from ics
Jig three feet .
been difcovtrec
^ii'Jiaus 4rc t!ic
•^
GUI
fame, who, being loft in inextricablr
fwanips and bogs , and on the point of
pcrilliinji;, wtrt uncxpecTlcdly relieved by
k coiiipanv of beautiful women, vvhuni
they call DaughtcrH of the Sun, who
)(iudly gave them i'uch provitions a} tliey
had with them, conPifting of fruit and
<!orn caktt, Hiid then enjoined them to
fly for lafety to their own country, be-
caufe their hufliands were fierce men, and
cruel to ftrangers. They further fay,
that thcfe hunters had a view of their
I'ettlcments, fuuated on the elevated banks
of an idaiid, in a beautifil lake; but in
all their «:ndc»vour8 to approach it, they
were involved in perpetual labyrinths, and
like enchanted land, ftill as tbcy imagin-
ed they hadjuft gained it, it leemed to
ily beft)rc them ; and having quitted the
deiufive purluit, they with much difficul-
ty cffecled a retreat. They tell another
ilory concerning this fequeftered country,
which fcems not improbable, which is,
thatthcinhabitantsarethepofterityofthe
fugitive rctnnatjt of the ahcient Yumajcs,
\vho efcaped maflacrc after a bloody and
detifiVc battle betwiseii them and the
Creeks, (who, it is certain,' coiiquered and
nearly exterminated that once powerful
people) and here found an afylum, remote
and fecure from the fury of thcii' proud
conquerors. The rivers St. Mary aild Si-
tilla, which fall into the Atlantic, and the
brautiTiil little St. Juan, which empties
into th6 bay of Appa'achi at St. Mark'b,
arc faid, by Barlram, to flow from this
this lake. " The dimenfums of thisyi(>Mi9»;»
are yet but little known, but arc certain-
ly much Icfs than have generally been
luppofcd." ' Ellicntt.
' Ouafioio Mountains arc fituated N W of
the l^aurel Mountains in North Carolina
and Virginia. They are 50 or 60 miles
Tvide'at the Gap, and 450 in length, N E
and S W." They abound in c6al," lim'c
iflid free-ftont. Their fummits are gen-
fally cuvci-ed with good foil, and a varie-
ty of timber, and the interval lands are
ivell watered.
' 0«f/Saj, a town on thecoaflof CoftaRica,
nn the N.PacificQcean, and S of Carthago.
Ouiatdnon, a fmall ftockaded fort in the
Indiana Territory, on the W fide of the
Waiialh, in lat. 40 38 N, and long. 87
58 W. This was formerly a French poll.
Thus far the Wabafli is navigable, 412
miles from its mouth, for batteaux dra vy-
ing three feet water. A filvcf mine has
been difcovercd here. The neighbouring
l^diaiu arc t!xc Kickapuos, MulquitoUb,
O V E
PyankifliAvvs, and ^ principal part of the
Ouiatannt'.s. U'hc whole of thefe triliei
could fumiih, about .^o years ago, icoo
warriors. 'I'he fertility of foil, and divtr-
fity of timber, in this country arc the ruine
as in the vicinity of Poft .st. Vinceiitles.
Ouineojke, Or Steliarne Hay, on tllcE fide
of Lake Chapplain, lets up rouihcafteily
through the tiiwn of Eurliugton in Ver-
mont, into the northern part ol ^hilburnc.
Ouifcatiftnr^, a pas'igablc fiver of the N.
W. 'i'crritory, which empties into the
Minifippi in lat. 43 ."j^, and 100(1.94 X;
where 'are villajjcs' of the Sack and Fux
trihes of IndianSv This tivcr has a com-
munication with Fox River, w|iich, paf-
ling through Winnebago Lake, enters Pu-
an Bay in 'LitiiLtt Michigan. JJetween the
two rivers there is a pottage of only three
miles. On this river and its hi'ancluM
refidc the Indians of its name. ^V^f riPf*'
300. "■' ' .
Oltoul Creek empties into the Snfqne-
hannah River, in the townfliip of Sidney,
Delaware co. New York.
Oufe, (formerly the Grand River) rifts
in the country belonging to the Chippe-
wa and MiiTalTaga Iiidians, and running
foutherly, through the W riding of the
coinuy of Yx)rk, crcfles Dundas Street,
and paflTiiij; between the counties of Lin-
coln and Norfolk, difcnibogues itfelf into
Lake Erie, about half way between the.
North Foreland and Fort Eric. The bar
at the in\)uth of this river has from 7 to'
9 feet water; it is about a cable and a
half in length from the mouth of the riv-
er to the middle of the bar. It is naviga-
ble many miles up for fmall velTels, and a
conliderable diflance for boats. About
40 miles up this river is the Mohawk
Village. Tiie Senec.^s, Onondagocs, Cav-
ugas, Augagas, Delawares, and Miflafla-
gas, have alio villages on different jjai ts
of this river ; exclufive of which there is
a numerous flragjling fettlement of In-
dians from the vicinity of the Mohawk
V'llage.to within a few milts of the m<iuth
*)f the river. Smyth.
Outer Buoy, in Hudfon's Bay, lies in
lat. <i\ 38 is', and 5 leagues E of North
Bluff.
Outer IJland^ on the coaft of Labrador,
is in the clufler called St. Au^uftint's
Square ; ' S W of Sandy Ifland.
Outimat.s, a tribe of Indians in the
Territory of Wayne, between Lakes Mi-
chigan and St. Clair. Warriors 200.
Ovens Mouth Diy^ Maine, S of Booth-
bay, Lincoln county.
PV«4
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M0
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W^,
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I i'i!
V.
G W L
Ovii', 4 port town of N. York, in Cay-
vg<k CO. It wa« iiicur^iurHted in 1794 ; it
ftparated from Milton on the E by Cay-
uga Lake, and comprehends all the lands
in ihc county on the \V fide of Seneca
Lake. It iiai) i,i6'j iuhabitants,
0tvafc9, a lake, partly in the towns of
Aurcliut and Scipio, in Onoudago co. N.
York. It is about 11 miles long, and one
broad, and rommunicatts with Seneca
River on the N by a flreain which runs
through the town of Brutqs, The high
road from Kaat's Kill wcflward, paflts
towards Cayuga ferry, near the N end
of (he lake.
Owegt, a poA town in Tioga co. New
York, on tiie N W bank of the E branch
of the Sufquehannah, ao miU* W of U-
i)ion, 34 N £ of Athens, at Tioga Point.
It contains 1,184 inhabitants.
Oive^a Crtei, in Tioga co. ferves as the
E boundary of the towntliip of its name.
It ha»f<iver.>t fmail branches which un^te
and empty tlirough the N bank of the £
branch of Sufquehannah lliver,abuuc lii
xnilcs W of Chenango River.
Ouyattijla Bay and Jiivtr, on the coafl
of Efquimaux, or N fliorc of the Gulf of
St. Lawrence, is to the wfpllwatd of Natch-
c^uoin River.
' Owl/arree, a harbour on th** northern
part of the W coaft of Houaheine, one of
the Society Iflands, aj leagues N W by
W of Orahcite Iflaud. S Tat. 16 44, W
long, iji 8.
Uiubybee, one of the largcft of the Sand-
wich Iflands, is about 500 miles in cir- '
cumftrtncej between i8 jo and ao 16 \
N lac. and between 203 48 and aoj 7 £ ;
long, from Greenwich. The extcnlive ;
mountain, named Mouna Roa, on the S
E part of the idand, is i6,ozo feet high.
It confifls of three peaks which a^e per-
petually covered with fnow, though with-
in the tropics, that aie viGblc 40 leagues
out at fca. On the wefteiA fide is the
bay of Kara-kooi. It has the fame pro-
dutStions at the Society and Friendly Ifl-
ands, and about 150,000 inhabitants, who
are naturally mild, friendly and hofpita-
bic to Grangers. The fca abounds with
a great variety of excellent fifli. The
celebrated navigator Capt. James Cook,
loft his life here, by an unfortunate and
momentary jealoufy of the natives. The
natives of this ifland have made a for-
ma! ceQlon of it to the king of G. Britain.
Oivl'i Head, a head land on the W fide
of Pcnobfcot Bay, in Maine. It has a
^oud b:>rbour on the larboaid h^ad as
O Y S
yon go to th« cadtvard. Th< harbour
makes with a deep cove; has 4 fathoms
water, and a muddy bottom, It is open
to the E, to N, and E N E winds ; but in
all ofhcr wir.ds you are fafe. The tide of
flood fcts tu the eaflward, and the tide of
ebb S W through the Mufcle Ridges.
Oxiowy Grut, a bend of the river Con-
nedlicut, about the middle of the town'*
(hip of Newbury, in Vermont; which
fee. It contains 450 acres of th« finely
meadow land in New England.
Qx/atd, a townfliip in WorcelVer co.
Maflachufetti. It contains 1,237 inhab*
itants ( is ij miles fouthwardo( Worccfi
ter, and 54 S W of Bofton.
Oi^ord, a village in Briftol co, Mafias
chufctti ; fee Art* Bedford.
Oxford, a town in the northern part oi
Derby in ConnciSlicut, 17 miles N AVof
N. Haven, It has 1,400 inhabitants.
Oxford, a pod town of New York, iq
Chenango co. between Jericho and Nor-
wich, It was incorporated in 1793* Hero
is an incorporated academy. U hat lA^S
inhabitants.
Oxfurdi a townfliip of N. Jcrfey, in SuF<
fcs CO.. on the E bank of Delaware River,
15 or ao miles N Eof Eafton in Peouf^U
vania. In 1790, it contained 1,90^ lOo
habitants.
Oxford, a townfliip of rennfylvania,
Philadelphia co. having 1,518 inhabitants .
Oxford Toionfhip, in Grenvillc co. U,
Canada, lict in the rear, and to the north-
ward of the townfliipt of Edwardfburglx
and Augufta,,»od it watered by the Ra.>
deau.
Qrford, the T»xvnfi,ip «/", upon Thames, in
the i/eflern diOridt, U. Canada, lies to
the fouthward of I)undat Street, where
the wcftern end of that road meets tho
Upper Forks of the river Thames.
Oxford, a town in N. Hamplhire, Graf-
ton CO. containing 98S inhabitant^
Oxford, Upper, a town in Chcfter ca
Pemifylvania, having 6ao inhabitants.
Oxford, Lo-wer, a town in the above co,
having 527 inhabitants.
Oxford, a port of entry, on the eaflern
fliore of Chefapeak Bay, in Talbot co«
Its exports in 1794, amounted to 6,956
dollars. It is 13 miles S by W of Eallou,
and about 48 S £ of Baltimore.
Oxford, a fmall port town of N. Caroli-
na, 36 miles from Hilllboro\igh, and about
416 from Philadelphia.
U-(/ier Boy, a townfliip of N. York, fit*
uate-d in Queen's co. Long Ifland, extend.,
ing flora tke Sound Sj to the Atlantic
Oceaa,
^
O Z A
Ccean, ami inchulcji Llord's Nrck, or I
Quftn'i Villiij'c, an«l Hog litand. It con- .
tains 4,548 inhabitants; of whom 134
are flavcs. i
Oyfler Buy, a harboiir for fmall vefTcIs,
in the S W limits of tlie townof B^rnOa-
ble, M-iiTarhufrttB ; tvhich fee. It affords
excellent <iyfter» ; henct its name.
OyPer Beds, in Delaware Bay, lie oppo-
flte Nantiixrt Bay.
Ojftir tuiiit, on the cnaA of S. Carolina,
where the water doe* not ehb till an hour
and a half after it begins to ebb at the
bar of Alhley River, near Charlefton. It
is bed to go an hour and an half before
high water.
0;jlPtr Pond, a part of the waters of the
Atlantic Ocean, which fet up wedward
into Long Ifland, N. York, between the
north-eaKcrnmofl: point of the ifland calU
cd Oyftcr Pond Point, and Gardner's Ifl-
and. Off the point are two fmall iflcs,
one of which is called Plum Ifland.
Oj(fter River, a W branch of Pifcataqua
River, in New Hampfl\irc; i.hich fee.
Durham (lands on its S fide, near its janc>
tk>n with the main (beam at Kelton's Point.
O-yoH^-^vongeyi, on Lake Ontario, at
Johtifon's Landing Place, about 4 miles
cadward of Fort Niagara.
Osama, one of the largeft rivers of the
ifland of St. Domingo, in the W. Indies,
and on which the city of St. Dormingn is
fituated. It is navigable 9 or 10 leagues
from S to N. One may judge of the enor-
mous volume of w.iter which the conflu-
ent dream of Habella and Ozama fends
to the fea, by the red colour it gives it in
the time of the floods, and which is per-
ceivable as far as the eye can didinguilli.
There is a rock at the mouth, which pre-
vents the entrance of vcffels drav.inir
more than 18 or 30 feet of water. The
river for a leagiK is 24 feet deep ; and
its banks are 20 feet perpendicular, but
N of the city this height is reduced to 4
feet. This real natural bafon has a bot-
tom of mud or foft fand, with a number
of careening places. It fcldom overflows
its banks, except in very extraordinary
inundations. The road before he nouth
of the Ozama is very indifTcrent, and lic;«
expofed from W S W to E. It is impof-
Cble to anchor in it in the time of the S
wiuds, and the N winds drive the vcf-
fels from their moorings out into the
fea, which here runs extremely high
See Domingo City. The mouth of the
river is in lat. i'& 18 N, and long, from
f \c
p.
.>».
/ A BIO, St. a lake in the jiirifdiiftioB,
of Ofabalo, in the province ct Quito, 5
leagues in length, and aliout half a league
in breadth. The hike ii every where
furrounded with a fpccicf of ruiiies call-
ed Totoral, among which are vaft num-
bers of wild gecle and galarcttci. It!
waters empty into the Rio Blanco.
Pa/ilo, St. a village on the above lake,
inhabited principally by Indians.
Pailo, Si. a town on the S coaft of the
inhmus of Darien, in the province of Ve-
ragu:i, S. America.
Pa6o, the Micmac name of a river, on
the northern fide of Chaleur Bay, about
6 leagues from Grande Riviere, W N W
of Cape Defpair.
Pjc<ijet,a province of S. America, which
is rich in filver mines, though they are
not much worked. Here are alfo inine<
of talc, called Jafpes Blancos de Vcren-
guela, on account of their tranlparcnt
whitcncfs. In this province are an abun-
dance of emeralds.
Pai.amoret, a diftriiH: of Vitxi, in South
America. The air is temperate, and the
earth abounds in gold.
Pacamoret, an Indian nation on the
banks of Amazon River.
Pacayita, a volcano in Gitatlmala. In
1773, the lava which ifl*ued from it dcf-
troyed tlie city of St. ]*go, which wa#
iituated in the valley of Pauchoi.
Paelacama, or Pachamac, a famous, fruit-
ful, and pleafant valley in Peru, 4 leagues
from Lima, formerly' beautified with a
magnificent temple built by the Inras,
and dedicated to the Creator of the Uni-
vcrfe. Ihe Peruvians had in it fevtral
idols ; but they had fo gre;it a reverence
for God, whom they called /'rttAuvawjcthat
they offered him what they cftetmed moft
precious, and durfl: not look upon him j
lb that their kings and pritfts tuteredhis
temple with their b,'ck« towards his altar,
and came out a^ain without daring to
turn about. The ruins of this fuperb
flruaurc, fays Joyct, do yet demonfVrate
its fotmer magnificence ^\\\ greatnef*.,
Such immenft ire.ifurcH lud been laid up
in it, that Ferdinand Pi/.arro found to
the value of 9CC,ooc f?icai3 in it; al-
though 400 Indians h.id taken away as ■
much as they could carry ; and the Span-
illi foldiers pillaged it before he eanic.
The cruel Spaniards tortiite.i the natives,
but could not exrra<51; a dilccrcty of the
hidden treaf'ure. '
Pithc^i,
4
5
Ii
! 'J
' it
. M
1
Wi
1
' . S^v'f
H
:i II
1
Hm
1
ii- fJ
m
',<■
H I ^
P A I
Pafh,i, the mod nortlurly of the iflaiuli
♦ allid the Pearl or fting'n lllandu, ail low
bikI woody, and about ii leagues from
I'mianu. Within a league of this ilTand
there is anchorage in 17 fathrms.
Pa:li(qui, a fine but fmall idand on the
S W (ide of the hay ot" Panama, on the
coafl of the N. Pacific Ocean, and one of
the beautiful if1and:« within the fcmici^cu-
lar hay from Pananin to Point Mala.
Thefc iflandi yield wood, water, fruit,
fowU, hogs, &c. and afTurd excellent har-
bour for Hiipping.
Ptchuco, a town of Mexico famous for
the filver mines in its vicinity. It is
laid that within 10 miles there are 1000
of them. It lies 60 miles from the city
of Mexico.
Pacific OcMit, called iii the French
charts Mar del Zur, or South Sea, a pro-
<li;;ious ocean, dividing America from
ATm. It is about lo.ooo miles in breadth,
and li,coo in length.
PutiersfielJ, a towndiip of New Hanip-
fhirc, Chefliirc co, E of Kerne, on the
head branches of Afhuclot River. It is
&6 miles W of Portfmouth, and contains
977 inhabitants.
Patmote, a bay on the E C\dc of the ifl-
and of Martiuiro, between Vauclin Bay
Oil the N, and Fere Ance or Creek on
the S.
Paialet, a fmall river of .S. CaroHna,
i^hith rifes in the White Or k. Mountains,
and unites with Broad River, .10 miles
above Tygcr River, and 14 S of the N,
Carolina line. Its coiirfc is about S £,
and on it are the cclei>ratcd Pacolet
Springs, 17 milts above its confluence
with Broad River.
PaJoucas, a weftern bmrch of MifTouri
River. The tril)c f>f Indians of this uamc
arc fait! by fome to be of Welch origin.
Panel's Pert, a fmall harbour within
the ^reat found in the Bahama Illandii,
and in the molt eaflerly part of the found.
Pagui/a, or Paqv:fa, on the W fide of S.
America, in lat. ai 5J S, and 10 leigucs
N of the harbour of Cobij;*, in the buy
of Atacama. Haguey de Paguifa, or the
■watering place of Paguifa, is 15 leagues
from Cobija. The whole roaft between
is high, mount,"»inous and rocky, in a di-
rection of north-north eafl.
Pa!''t"i Prf}, a townlliip in Steuben co.
N. Y' rk, on 'rio;;.i Rivt r, bttween. Batli
«nd Newtown ; 40 milts N W by W ol
Tioga Point, or Athens, S E of Wiiiiainf-
bur^. A pcf> oltirc is kept here, and it
h«i26t iabAbitauts.
PAL
Ptmttd Ritk it on French Proid Riref*
by which the line runs between Virginia
and TenncfTec.
Painiir'i Hartiur, on the W coaft of
Cape Breton. N lat. 46 m W long. f> t i(>.
PainvilU, in Amelia ro. Virginia. Here
is a port office, 197 miles from Wafliington.
I'altii, See Puyla.
■ Piijiiia, Ptijatei, 01" Paxfirns, iflaiids on
the Coaft of Chili, in the S. Pacific Ocean,
Theft arc 1 or 4 rotks, the largcft of
»hieh is called Pajaro Ninno, or Paxaro
Ninno, and % miles N W by N from the
fouthcrnmoft point of the Main, or Point
Tortugat, that clufes the ^urt of Co>
(juimbo.
Pojatoi, Ltt, or IJlanJi'f EirJi, a cluf*
ttr of fmall iflands on the coaft of Chili,
8 leagues N N W of the Bay ot Coquim>
bo, and 7 S S F. of the harbour of Uuaf-.
CO. Tlie il}and of Chorus is 4 miles N
of thtfe iflands.
Paijntiit, the feat of M>ifjjfi>it, the fa-
mous Indian Chief, was fitiutcd on Na*
malkrt River, which emptier into Narra-
ganfet Bay.
Palatine, a poft town in MohtgomerT
CO. N, York, on the N fide of Mohawlc
River, and W of Caghnawaga. It con-
tains 3,517 inhabitants. Tnc compa<fl
part of it ftands on the Iwnk of the Mo-
hawk, and contains a Reformed Dutch
church, and to or 30 houfes ; ^6 mile*
above Schenciftady.
Pallif.-t't IJlands, in the S. Pacific Ocean,
are between 15 and 16 degrees of S lat.
and from 146 to 147 dtgrees of W long.
From lat. 14 to 20 S, and long 138 to 150
W, the ocean is ftrewed with low, half-
overflowed idands, which renders it ne^
ccilary for navigators to proceed with
much caution.
Palmn, a town of Terra Firma^jomilei
N W of St. Fe de Bagota. N iXt. 4 30,
W long. 7 3 40.
Piilmus, a large river on the W coaft of
the Gulf of Mexico, whofe mouth is in
lat. 15 N, and long. 98 36 W. Some of
Its branches run in .i courfe almoft di-
rcdlly eaft from the mountains to ths
eartward of the Gulf of California.
Pii.'mtr, a towtifliip in Haiiipdiire co.
Mafl";!chufftts. 8; miles W by S of Eof-
i(in, on the S fiJe of CIiick.i]i*-t River,
,v\d bounded caflward by Wi ftcrn, in
VVorciftcr cf. An a<^ palicd in lall fcf-
fiou, I/96, to iui'o! [mriiti; a (oritty to
make a tui i)pik(.-r<i.i<i b'-'tween theft t"0 ,
towns. It was itic rpiTattd in lysz,
and contains lo^'j h.iuliiutiti,.
« Ptimer't
Day, whi
forms W.I
of U'nrrei
Piilmnji
ticular has
''nd long, 1
flruation fr
10, all kno
It afTordi r
but if the
that if paffi
»r-«tk, may
"ttic, cocc
du(fliont ot
ifland is not
f nee ; nor i
feet above t
Piilmeltv, I
hay fo called
Hnd of St. CI
'•"he fliore is
the hay AI
ofthcirtand<
Bay on the \
Palmifie Po
W part of th(
leagues K of i
Palmyra, a ]
of entry agd
Tciineflee, coi
Jaw of the L
^797. Itftaa
berland River
•'■ Red River.
PalumtHQt, ft
Pf"i .1 miles V
They have fro
round them.
^"lir., Nnt;
of Hiidfoji '« R i
ahout 20 miles
.1»Nef Goihe;
" contains 32
,>o8 flaves.
""mbamacca,
province of Oui
«f the eaftern C(
Pjvtiico S>.und,
olma, is a kind o
'<? '« ao miles
"iilf!' in Ifiijth.
Atlantic Ocean, I
''.'/'^''"'■'^•'"'Iha:
•yfy covered witi
I.iroiigfu|,i5|„„
"y "-hich l,oat.s n
'"'tUs the only o
"' ''iirden \nto t
"'"1 Ntwlif^j,. I
Vox., f.
/""
r A M
fjlmni PIv.r, a wAtr.r of Narr:\ganfct
Bay, which, with another fmdl river,
form* W.trren River, oppofitc the town
of Warren.
PiilmftJloM't Tjhnd, of whicli one in pnr-
tirul.ir has been fu namrd, '\* in lat. i8 S,
and long. i6a J7 W, and ii the ftcond in
firuation frinn the 8 E of a group of 9 or
10, all IcnowD hy the fame ;;eneral niime.
It afford* neither anchora;;; nor water ;
but if the weather i« moderate, a fhip
that it pafling the S. PMcific Ocean in this
traik, may be fupplied with grafi for
cattle, cocoa-nuts, Afh, and other pro-
duiflions of tiie ifland. The principal
ifland is not atiove a mile in circiinifir-
ence ; nor ii it rlevatcd more than three
feet above the furfaceof the Tea.
Palmettv, the mart eafterly point of the
bay fo called, on the S W roaft of the ill-
and of St. Chriflopher's, in the W. Indies.
The fliore is rocky, and a fort prutetfl.*
the bay. — Alfo, the moft northerly point
of the ifland of Jamaica ; liaving Manatee
Bay on the W, and Ifland Bay on the E.
Patmift Point, on the N fide of the N
W part of the ifland of St. Domingo ; j
lcaj|;ues K of Port de Pais.
Palmyra, a port town, and the only port
of entry agd delivery in the State of
Tenneflee, conftitiited a port of entry by
law of the United States, January 31,
1797. It (lands on the S hank of Ciim<
berland River, 1 a miles below the mouth
•f Red River,
Palominet, fmsll iflandi en the cn.ifl of
Peru, .^ miles well of St.i.a'vn iire Ifland.
They have from 13 to i8 fathom* wattr
round them.
P'il:r„ N'li; a townfliipon the W fide
of Hudfoji's Rivrr, in Ulftcr 00. N. Yvk.
about 20 miles N W of Newbur.i;h, imd
.^* N of Oolhen, oppofite Poughkeepfie.
It contains 3255 inhabitants, includin
,p8 flaves.
Pamliamacca, a lofty mountain i;> the
province of Quito, being uitc of the pikes
of the caflern Cordilleras.
Pjmlico S'.unif, on tl\e '^ coaft of N. Car-
olina, in a kind of lake f>r inland fea, from
m to 20 miles broad, and nearly 100
inile« in Iriqth. It U feparattd from the
Atlantic 6cean, in its whole length, by a
III .ich of fand h.irdly a mile wide, gener-
ally covered with fmall trees or bullies,
r.'irongh this bankHrc fevcral Imall inlets,
by which lioats may pafs ; but Ocrecock
biltt is the only onethat will admit veflelf
of burden into the diftrirts of Edcntrn
.ii'l Ntwlifi;ji. This'lnli-t is in lat. 35 10
Vor.. r. r r J; '
PAN
N, and opens between Ofccork Ifl.iml
and Core B-ink. Thiii round rommuui-
caiCH with Core and Allitm.irb: SoUkiN ;
and receives Pamlico or T.ir Rivtr, th-:
river News, brfidts other fni,(ll ftitam*.
See Ocrtci.i, Cipc N.iIUkti, f<.c.
Pamfelunii, a town of N.'W (Jranada, in
S. Americ.T. In it^ viciuity are ;old imiirs.
N lat. 6 30, W Ion;; 71' 30, It is ito
miles from Santa I'e, and 200 fro'^i M 11 i-
caibo,
Piimimly, the ancient name of Yot!;
River, in Virginia; but t- i* nnnic it now
cor' letl to the I'oulbetn 'jruub, toin^rd
by the conibicnce c the N. oid ^-i. .Anna.
This and the north" r.n br,ino!>, IVfattipo-
ny, unite au. fornt "\ ork River, jii(* be-
low tli' town of '^.- La W.ur
Pam, ox Puna, .111 ifland f ' thcco.il\of
Peru, 7 leagues E N F. oi ■, nta Clara,
and as far fium Cuay.\ j.-i' At J'oiiii
.Arena, which is the VV point, all lb \
bound farther i. v, Uiayaijuil ll^iy .• ';j
for pilots, .18 th' re is ;'>io«l anchor.v4eov(.r
againft thi; niid-.icof the town, in 5 fath-
oms, and a foft (Vizy ground.
Panato, a biimiirg mountain on the AV
coafVof N. Mtxico
Panadou, or Mfrnid»u, a bay on the coaft
of Cape Breton Ifland, near the S part
of the Gulf of S . Lawrence.
Panama is the capital of Terra Firnia
Proper, >'^. America, on a capacious bay
of its n.*rie, on the S fide of the Iflhmiii
of Panama or Darien, oppofite to Port<»
Bcllo, on the N fide of the IfUimus. It is
the great receptacle of the vart tpiantitie*
of gold and lilvcr, with other ric!> njer-
f "^ "i(l(7yci"iom all parts of Peru and Chili.
"'!'• iiey are lodged in ftore-boufti", till
the proper feafon arrives to tranfport
them to Europe. The harbour of Pana-
'na is formed in its road by the flielter of
ieveral iflands, where fliips lie very fafe,
at about 2^ or 3 leagues diftant from the
city. The tides arc regular, and it is high
water at the full and change at 3 o'clock.'
The water rii'cs and falls confiderably ;
fo that the Ibore, lying on a gentle flopr,
iii at low water left dry to a j>re,it dif-
t;oirc. Pearls arc foinid here in fnch
plenty, that there are few perfiMis of
property near Panama, who do ntit r:;»-
ploy ail, or at Icaft part of their \\A:-i> n\
this fiHiery, The ncf»roes who fi'li I'or
pearls niuft be both expert fwimnur^, anil
capable of holding their breath a long
tinij-, the work being performed at the
bottom of the fea. Tbii city is a bilb-
op'.' fcf, w!(ofe bilTiop is the primate or'
Tetja
i.
M:
.! . : ..
^:'i
5w
::J, i
' ''^^
,m
fl
PAN
PAR
m
Terra Firtna. It was built by the Span-
hrds, vvliu, in ijai, conftituted it a city,
with the ufual privileges. In 1670 it
was taken, fHcked and burnt by John
Morgan, an Englifli adventurer. The
new town was built in a more convenient
Situation, about a league and a half from
the former. !n 1737, this new town was
almod entirely deftroyed by an acciden-
tal fire. It is furroundcd with a ftone
Wall and other fortifications, and the pub-
lic buildings are very haitdfome. N lat.
8 57 48, W long, ii s I4» Sec Cbagre
JRiver.
Panama, a province of Terra Firma, of
which the city above mcntinncd is the
capital. This province is called by mofb
writers Terra Fhmj Profer, It contains
3 cities, 12 villages, and a great number
of tancbtrlft or affcmblages of Indian
huts ; thefe are fituated in fmall plains
along the fliorc, the reft of the country
being covered with enormous and craggy
barren and uninhabited mountains. It
has feveral gold mines ; but the pearl
fifliery afibrds a more certain profit, and
•t the fame time is acquired with much
greater eafe.
Panamatih^ on the coad of Surrinam,
in Guiana, in S. America, is £ S £ of
Demarara, in lat. about 6 N, and long.
j6 26 W.
Faiiamtuce, a harbour or bay on the
coaft of Brazil. See Pcmambun.
Pannillo, an eminence near Quito,
which fupplies that: city with excellent
water.
Panh,» tribe of Indians, 120 miles
firom the mouth of the River Platte, or
Shallow River, a wcftern branch of the
Miifouri, with whofe ftream it mingles
its waters 600 milts from the Miirifippi,
up the Miflburi. This tribe numbers
700 warriors, in four neighbouring vil-
lages. They hunt but little, and have
but few fire•art4^s. They are often at
wnr with the Spai.iatds in the vicinity of
St. Fe, near wWch u^ their place of abode.
y.fer/o,:.
Pan/t, dt la, a branch of Wabalb Riv-
er, in the Indiana Territory.
Paitton, a townfliip in Addifon co.Ver-
Sioat, on the £ fide of Lakr Champlain,
between Addifon >r.vi Ferrifburg, and
about 87 miles N of Btnnington. It con-
I9ins 364 inhabitants.
Pamico, or GuaJlUa, a province of N.
America, in New-Sp:iin, bcundcd E by
the Gulf of Mexico, and W by the prov
iaccs of Mcchoacaa uad New-Bifcay.
The tropic of Cancer divides this proT^-
ince. It is about 55 leagues each way.
The part neareft to Mexico is much the
bed and riched, abounding with provi-
fions, and having fome veins of gold, and
mines of fait. Other parts are wretched-
ly poor and barren.
Panueo, the capital of the above men-
tioned province, is the fee of a bifliop,
and (lands upon a river of its own name,
17 leagues from its mouth, on the W fliore
of the Gulf of Mexico, and 60 N W of
the city of Mexico. The river is nav-
igable for large (hips a great way above
the city ; but the harbour has a bar, fo
that no (liips of burden can enter it. M
latr 23 50, W long. 99 50.
Papagayc, a gulf on the North Pacifie
Ocean, and on the W fide of the lAhmus
of Nicaragua, a fmall diftance from the
weAern parts of the lake of Nicaragua,
and in lat. about ix 15 N.
Pafaloafain, the largcft river of Guaxa-
ea, in N. Spain, called alfo Alvarada. It
rifes in the mountains Zoncoliucan, and,
being enlarged by the accedion of lefler
rivers, falls mto the N. Pacific OceatL
Papinacboh, a bay on the N (hore of
the river St. Lawrence, 5 leagues 8 W of
St. Margaret's River. An Indian nation
of the fame name inhabit the country S
of Piretibbe Lake in L. Canada.
Pnppa Ford, on Clinch River, is la miles
from Emery's River, and 10 from Camp-
bell's Station, near HolAon.
Papps, Tbe, two remarkable hills on the
top of a high mountain, on the N (bore
of Lake Superior, U. Canada, a little B
of Shanguanoe.
Papuda Bay, on the coaft of Chili, and
on the S. Pacific Ocean, 5 leagues N of
the (hoa's of Quintcro, and 4 from Pott
Liga. The water is very deep, but the
anchorage is good, and the entrance fafe.
Para, the mod northern of j colonies
or governments. Para, Maragnon, Mat-
to-Groflb, Goyas, and St. Paul, in S.
.America, at which places the Indiatii
have been united in 117 villages, over
which a white man prefides with defpotic
fway. The government of Para comprc ,
hends that portion of Guiana which be-
longs to the Portuguefe, the moft baireiv
and unwhulclomc country in all thcfe re-
gions.
Para IJiand is One of the range of inl-
ands to the S E of Sypomba, and E of the
Amazon. Thefe illands form the greii
river or bay of Para.
Pw9 Rtytr% or Bay, near the N \V par:
PAR
PAR
,h
«f the coad of Brazil, in S. America, hai
a town of its name at the mouth of it,
with a large furt and a platform of can-
non at the vvater'i edge, commanding the
road. Above this is the cafUc fcated on
a liigh rock,furrotinded by a (trong (lone
wall that is alfo mounted with cannon.
The road within the mouth of the river
h good, having clean ground, and fccur>
cd by high land on both fides. The
raouth of the river is about 6 milts broad
at the town ; and fltips maiy ride in tj
fathoms, within a cable's length of the
ihore, and in lo fathoms clofe under the
fort. This harbour is much frequented
for all kinds of provifions which abound
here. Tobacco is rariied from this to
Pernambuco, to be fbipped for Europe.
The river is about 200 miles long.
Paraca, a bay on the coaft of Peru, 40
leagues S £ by S of the |)ort of Callao.
Ships receive flieltcr here, when driven
out of the harbour of Cangallan or San-
gallan, which is 3 leagues S £ of Carette
idand, and N N W of the ifland of I.nbos.
Faradife, a townfhip of Pennfylvania,
in York co. has 1175 inhabitants.
Paraili. See PlaU Forme.
Paraguay, a country of S. America,
claimed by Spam, about x,5CX3 miles in
length, and 1,000 in breadth. It lies \x'
twcen i« and 37 S lat. and l^etweea 50
and 75 W long, hounded N by Amazo-
nia, S by Patagonia, £ by Brazil, and W
by Peru and Chili. It is divided into
the foUowing provinces, viz. Paraguay,
Parana, Guira, Uragua, Tucuman, and
Rio de la Plata. Befides a vad number
of fmali jitvers tvhich water this country,
there is the grand river La Plata, which
deferves a particular defcription. A
Modenefe Jefuit, by the name of P. Cat-
tanco, who failed up this river, fpeaks in
the following language concerning it :
" While I refided in Europe, and read in
books of hiftory and geograi>liy that the
river I. a Plata was ijo miles in breadth,
I conAdercd it as an ex.iggeration, be-
caufe in this hemisphere we have no ex-
ample of fuch vaft rivers. When I ap-
proached it) month, I had the mod vehe-
ment deiire toafcertain the breadth with
my own eyes, and I have found the mat-
ter to be cxadlly as it was reprefentcd.
This I deduce particularly from one cir-
cumftancc : when we took our departure
from Monte Vicdo, a fort fituated more
than 100 miles from the mouth of the riv-
et, and where its breadth is confidcrably
^iminiOied, wc failed a complete day be-
fore we difcovcrcd the land on the oppo-
fite bank of the river ; and x^hen wc wcr*
in tlie middle of the channel we could
not difcovL-r land on cither fide, and faw
nothing but the flvy and w.iter, as if \\t
had Ikcd in fonie great ocean. Indeed
we iliould have l-iVtn it to be Tea, if the
frcfli water of the river, which was tur-
bid like the Po, had not fatisfied us that
it was a river." From the fituation of this
country, foine parts of it mud be exticmc-
ly hot, from the almod vertical influence
of the rays of the fun ; while other pirts
mud be ple^ant and delightful. But
the heat is in feme mcafure abated by the
gentle breezes which generally begia
about 9 or 10 o'clock in the morning, and
continue the greatcd part of the day.
Some parts of the country arc very moun-
tainous ; but in many others, you iind cx«
tenfive and beautiful plains, where the
foil is very rich, produring cotton, to«
bacco, and the valuable herb ctlied Par>
aguay, together with a variety of fruits.
There are alfo prodigioully rich padures,
in which are bred fuch herds of cattle,
that it is faid, the hides are the only part
exported, while the flefli is left to be de-
voured by the ravenous beads of the
wildcrnefs. Paraguay fends annually in*
to the kingdom of Peru as many as 1,500
or «,ooo mules. They travel over dre.iry
deferts for the didance of 80c or 900
leagues. The province of Tucuman fur-
niflies to Potofi, annually, 16 or 18,000
oxen, and 4,000 or 5,000 horfes, brought
forth and reared upon its own territory.
Buenos Ayres is the capital of this
country. Its fituation on the river La
Plata is healthy and picafant, and the air
temperate. It is regularly built : the
number of inhabicantti is about 30^00.
One fide of the town is defended by a for-
trcfs with a garrifon of 600 or 700 men.
I'hc town dands 180 miles from the fea.
The acccfs to the town up the river it
very difficult. From the bed informa-
tion that can bo obtained, there are not
more than 100,000 fouls in this country,
including Spaniards, Indians, negroes,
and the mixed blood, or Cieolcs. The
Spaniards exhibit much the fame charac-
ter here, as in the other kingdoms al-
ready defer ibtd. 'i i>c Spaniar Jk fu d dif-
covcrcd this counrry in the year 15 15,
■•'.nd founded the town <if Buenos Ayres in
1535. Mod of the eouutry is dill inhab-
ited by the native Indians. 'Hie Jcfuits
have been indtfatlg.ible in their endeav-
uui s to convert the Indians to the belief
of
!lli
,! ,
1 ,■
, ^ ■ 1
: !
V A R
V A R
i
■i
K m
■|i;'
1'^
of tlicir religion, and to introduce among
them the arts of civilized life, and have
net with I'urpriliiig fucccfs. It is faid
ti)at above 340,000 families, fevtral ycais
ago, were fubjcA to the Jefuits, living in
obedience, and an awe bordering on ad-
oration, yet procured without any vio-
lence or conftraiut. In 1767, the JefuiA
•were fent out of America, by royal au-
thority, and their fubjcifls were put upon
the lame footing with the reft of the
country.
Paraguay, a large river of S. America,
which falls into the river t^a I'lata that
forms the foiitherii boundary of Brazil.
At the cliftance of 100 leagues from the
ft«, where this and Parana River fall into
the channel, it is at leaft to leagues over.
Poraiba, or Fataybn, the moft northern
province of Brazil, in S. America, lying
l>ctween Rio Orande N, and the river
Tamarack S, the S. Atlantic Ocean E, and
i'iguares W. It belongs to the Portu-
guefe. 3nd abounds in fugar-<anes, Bra-
zil-wood, cattle,tobacco, cotton &c. This
diftricl wfts given by John III. of Portu-
gal, to the hiftorian De Bartos, but he
neglcAed the peopling of it. Some vag-
abonds went over in 1560, and in 1591
were fubdued by the French, who were
foon obliged to evacuate it. Philip III,
caufed a city to he built upon this royal
domain, which is at prelent knpwn by
the name of Notre Dome de Neves,
Paraiha, the metropolis of the above
province or raptainfliip,' on the ^S hank
Of a river of its name, 3 leagues from the
fea ; according to others, 10 Ic.ii'ue.i ; the
river being naviy ible for fliips loaded
with £00 or 700 hhds. of fugar a confid-
etabl6 diftaiice .ibove the city. The
Dutch captured it iu i6;,r ; but the Por-
tiivjutle rctdok it foon after. It has mHuy
Aaiclv houfcs decorated with marble pil-
lars, together with large warchoufcs and
magazines belonging to the merchants.
The mouth of the river is well fortified.
S lat. 6 JO, W long. 49 :i2f
Paramubiro, corruptly call«d Paramari'
fr^, the chief town offiurrinam, contain-
ing about 400 houfcts,(in the bank of Sur-
rinam River, in a pkalant but unhealthy
Situation. The houfcs are of wood, tol-
trably convenient, ercifled on foundations
of European bricks. Its port is 5 leagues
from the (c.i, and has every conveiiience.
It is the rendezvous of all liic fliips from
the mother ccuntiy, which come hither
to receive the produce of the colony.
i^j/tf'ij, a pruviucc iu the £ diviCun of
Paraguay, South America. Chief towc,
St. Ann.
Pjrerij a lake of Chili, South America.
Patatee, a bay on the S W Gdc of the
ifland of Jamaica, S £ of Banifter Bay.
Parduba, a bay on the coaft of Brazil,
10 leagues W N W of Brandihi Bay.
Parbam Toion and Harbour, on the N
fide of the ifland of Antigua, in the Weft
Indies. The harbour is defended by By-
ram Fort, at Barnacle Point, on the W
fide, and farther up by another fort on
the E fide. The town is regularly built,
and lies at the head of the hatbour, and
in St. Peter's parifli.
Pario, or Ne%u Anialufia, a country of
Terra Firma, bounded on tlie N by the
N Sea, and S by Guiana. The fea-euaft i«
moflly inhabited, ou which there arc Sev-
eral towns.
Porta, a jurifdii^ion in the abp. of La
Plata, in South America, beiginuing 70
leagues N W of that city, and extending
about 40 leagues. It has fome filver
mines ; and the cheefe made here is muck
eflecmed, and fent all over Peru.
Par'm, Gulf of , a firait lying between
the NW part of New Andalufia, and the
S Ihore of the ifland of Tiinidad. N lat.
9 1 2, W long. 6i 5.
Parillt, a town of Peru. See Santa.
Porina, a point N W of the harbour of
Payta,on the coaft of Peru. The country
within the point is high and mountainous.
Between Payta and it is a lurgc bay.Jiav-
ing Aiuals. The land i$ low, and ionic
white hills ail the way.
Purina Cocas, a jurifdidlion in the dio-
ccfe of Giiamanga, in the auditnc: of Li-
ma, beginning about ao leagues fouth id
the city of Guamauga, and extending
*have ,25 leagnts. It has excellent pal-
turcs, grain and fruits. The min<is of lil-
vcr:,and gold are more produdtive than
formerly, and thefc form the chief branch
oi' its commerce.
Paris, a thriving pod toivn of excellent
land in N York, Oneida county, it is S
W of Whiteftown 6 miles from which it
was taken, and incorporated in 1791. 1'
contained, by the State cenfus of 1796,
3,459, and in i^oo, 4,721 inhabitants.
Iron ore is found in the vicinity of Vau>
Han ilton Oneida academy is fituato.! in
tills town, in Clinton pai-ifh, where is aliu
a Conj>reg>4lion.il church ; and niatks
of rapid progrels iu improvements and
we.ilth are vilible.
Paris, the county town of Bourbon en.
Kentucky, i8 miles W E of Ltxinijtun.
It has a (
rian cliui
are in th
cipally 01
iog, pleai
Paris,
iia pufto
P^risfi
The nortf
ifeoggin ri
xiing abou
pafUg thr(
the Great
kabi^ants.
Pans, a
Carolina.
Parlcr's
CO. Maine,
Kennebeck
Jeremyfqua
which divi(
It derive it
purchafed i
a part of ii
It is in th
which fee.
Purler Ri
suid running
ley, it paffes
ct Ponds, J
flream whici
the S pariflj
twcenBradf<
Crane Pond
fi-efti River,
rufliing over
the, tide half
i«g houfe ; t
after wander
«he marllies,
Ijy a mouth
wdth. It is
lias depth o
coafting ve/le
but is obftrui
«» abo,ut t«i>
port road frc
'^'I'ich ii 870
J'OI ted byfoli,
" was built i'l
'(■fc, oearByfi
Pjrramire,
tne Atlantic
coaft of Nortl
Purr's P(,ij,t
Moon Bay, „i
"f St. Cluiiio
^ 'j^ coaft her (
PAR
PAS
It lias a court houfe aad gaol, a Prcfbytc>
run cliurcb, and feVLral valuable niillt>
are in the vicinity. The houl'es arc prin-
cipally of brick and (lone. It ib a thriv-
iog, pleafant town, of 377 inhabitants.
Faiis, in Loudon co. Virginia. Here
ii a puftofiice, 59 miles from WaH^ington.
Parhfi town in Cumberland co. Maine.
The northerly branch of the Little Amar-
ifcoggin rii'es in this townfliip, and run-
ning about 8 miles on in uedcily i'lde,
pii<1(6 through Hebron and Poland into
the Great Amarilcoggin. It has 844 in-
kabi^ants.
Far it, an iHaud on the co^d of South
Carolina.
Pjrkers IJland, or Rujhihe^attym Lincoln
CO. Maine, is formed by fitie waters of
Keunebeck River W, by the Tea S, by
Jeremyfquam Bay E, and by a f:i\,iil ftrait,
which divides it from Atoufeag illand N.
It derive' it* name from John Parker, who
purchafed it of the natives in i6jo ; and
a part of it ftill remains to his poderiiy.
It is in the towulhip ol Gicrgetti-wu ;
which fee.
Parker River, takes its rife in Boxford,
and running E into the W parilh of Row-
ley, it pafTes through Rock and Pantuck-
et Ponds, and receiving from the S a
fiream which comes from Elders Pond in
the S parifli of Boxford, it turns N be-
tween Bradford and ByiieldtpafTcsthrough
Crane Pond, thence it takes the name of
Frefh River, and running E fevcral miles,
rufliing over a number ui falls, it meets
the, tide half a mile M of Byfield meet-
ing houfe ; thence it is called Parker, and
after wandering a dozen miles through
the marflics, ic enters Plum llland Sound
by a mouth about a quarter of a mile in
width. It is rich in a variety of filh, and
has depth of water to be navigable for
coafting veflcls to the head of the tide,
but is obtlrudted by two bridges. One
it abo^t twu nulcs from its mouth on the
pud road from Bodqn to the eaflward,
which is 870 feet long, and a6 wide, fup-
poi'ted byfoli,d piers and 8 wouden arches:
it was btiilt in 1758. I'he other i:> much
Icfh, near Byfield academy.
Pjnum're, one of the fmall iflands in
the Atlantic Ocean, which line the taft
coaft of Nurihampton co. Vlr^iiiict.
Put- Town, in Nova oci'ti;;.
Puff't Point, is the S E point nf Half
Moon Buy, on the N E fiiic of the illand
of St. Chiiltophcr's, in the Weft Indies.
Jlic coafl here in rocky.
Piif.ii'KiU, a pyft tg\v)i iji 'Yor'i cc.
Maine, on the New HAnipfhire line, be-
tween Great and Little OlFapcc Rivcr«;
and is itS miles N of BoOdn. It \\»y> ia-
corptir^ttd in i/Sj, and contains i.jjo
tuhabitaate.
Partin'o, a fmall ifland, under the high
hill of St. Martin, in the S Wpart of Cum-
ptachy Gulf. It lies in the fiir\v,iy acrnfs
the bay from Caps: Catoche td Wr.i Cruz.
Pji IriJgi/ifU, a tiAvnflup ot Mn'Tachu-
fstis, in Berklhirc co. 7.6 miles W N W cf
Northampton. It contains 1,361 iiiii.ih-
itants.
Pufijgouta, a river of thcMiirini)pi Ter-
ritory, which purines a S by n rourfi;
throii^Ii Vt'. Florida, now pnrt of I/mili-
ana, and tmptie.i into the Gulf of Mt.Xico
by fevcral nioutlis, which togctlier occu-
py a fpace of 3 or 4 miles ; which is one
continued bed of oyftcr fliells, uii'.'i vti";
flioal water. Tlic weflerninoft [>fanth
has 4 fett water, and is the deepeft. Af-
ter crofluig the bar, there is from 3 to 6
fathoms water for a great dift.ince, and
the river is faid to be navigable more
than 150 miles. • The foil on this river,
like that on all the others th«t paf»
through Georgia into the Gulf of Mexico,
grows better as you advance towards its
Iburce.
Pafcataqua. or Pifcataqua, is the only
large river, whofc whole courle is in Nevr
Hampfliirc. Its head is a pond in the N
E corner of the town of Wakefield, and
its general courfe thence to the fca is S S
E about 40 miles. It divides N. Hamp-
fliirc from York co. M^ine, and is called
Salmon Fall River, from its head to the
h)wer falls at Berwick, where it allumcs
the name of Newichawannock, which it
bears till it meets with Ct)checho River;
which comes from Dover, when both run
together in one channel to Hilton's Point,
where the weftern brand 1 meets it ; fron»
this junction to the fea, the river is fo rap-
id that it never freezes; the dilliincc is 7
miles, and the courfe generally from S to
S E. The weftcfn branch is'tirmed by
Swamfcot P^i\er, which comes from Exe-
ter, W'iiinicot River, whic.'' comes thro"
Greenland, and Lamprey Kivtr, which
divides Newmarket from iXirliHai; thel.?
empty ii, to a hiy, 4 miles wirl-. called
tilt Great Bay. The water, in itb lurthcr
progrels, is cwirfracled into a IciTvr bay,
and then it receives Oyfter Rivet, which
runs tluouj;!) Durham, and B^ck River,
which comes iVoni Dover, and at length
mcct-v \;\A\ the- niAin ftream at HiitonV
Puior, TIk Tide liftfli into all thcfc bay»,
and
• 1 ' I
;>,v ' ' H
iUi
■'M
PAS
PAS
and branches as far as the lower falU in
each river, and forms 8 mod rapid cur-
rent, efpecialty at the feafons of the frcfli-
ct9, when the ebb continues about two
hours longer than the flood ; and were it
not fur the numerous eddies, formed by
the indentings of the fhore, the ferries
would then be impafTable. At the lower
falls in the fcveral branches of the river,
arc laRf^ing places, whence lumber and
other country produce is tranfported,
and vt^Tcls or boat» from below difcbarge
their lading ; fo that in each river there
is a convenient trading place, not more
than iz or ij miles from Portfmoutb,
with which there is conAant communica-
tion by every tide. Thus the river, from
its form, aud the iltuation of its branches,
is extremely favourable to the purpofcs
of navigation and commerce. A light-
houfe, with a Cngic light, (lands at the
entrance of Pifcataqua harbour, in lat.
43 4 N, and long. 70 41.
Fa^ay a, iiurifdlAion in the archbifli-
opriek of La Plata, about 40 leagues to
the S of the city of that name. It is
mountainous, but abounds in grain, pulfe,
and 'fruif;.
Fafquotani, a couuty of N. Carolina, in
Edenton diftriifl, N of Albemarle Sound.
It contains 5,037 inhabitants, including
J, 593 Haves. At Pafquotank in this ca
is a pod office, 308 miles from Wafhlng-
too.
FafquetoHi, a fmall river of N. Caroli-
na, which rifes in the Great Difmal Swamp,
and, palling by Hertford, falls into Albe-
inarlc Sound.
Pjjfaduniiag, a cnnliderablc branch of
Penobfcot River nn its £ fide. It mean-
ders through 4 fownfliips, lately furvey-
ed, and about to be fettled. This river
it the route by which the Indians had an
inland communication with the Schooduck
Lakes, and other waters which flow into
PafTamaquoddy Bay by a fliort pottage.
Piifiigofawaukeag, the Indian name of a
fmall iiream, which runs through the
town of Belfa(l,Maine,into Penobfcot Bay.
Fajkatauquisy a large branch of Penob-
fcot River, on its W fide. It waters more
than 50 miles, and receives iAmediatily
10 other dreams which alfo receive as
many other fmall tributaries, and as ma-
ny more ponds fpread over about 30
townlhips of 6 miles fquart, lately fur-
veycd, and progrefling in cultivation.
Fajagf Fott, a fmall town of i!»c ifland
af Jamaica, fituated in the mad between
Foit Royal and Spanifli Town, 7 uilei
Fan
S E of the latter, and at the mouth of Co«
bre River, where is a fort with xo or is
guns. It has a briflc trade, and contains
about 00 houfcs, the grcatcd parf of
them 1. ufes of cntcriainmenT.
Fajf^ e JJland lies acrofs the mouth of
the riv - Cobeca, near the N W part of
the ifl.i 1 of Porto Rica The harbour
for Ihip is at the £ end of the ifland.
Fajfag I/landi, Great and Little, two of
the Virg » Iflands, in the W. Indies, near
the £ e: i of the ifland of Porto RicOb
N lat. 18 ao,W long. 64 5.
fojoge Foiitt, in the Straits of Magel*
Ian, lies at the W end of Royal Reach,
and J leagues W N W of Fortcfcue's Bay.
Slat.j3 4^,Wlong.73 40.
Faffaik, or Fafaici, it a very crooked
river. It rifes in a large i'wamp in Morris
CO. N. Jerfey,and its courfe is from W N W
to £ S £, until it mingles with the HaCkin-
fac at the head of Newark Bav It is navi>
gable about xo miles, and is 330 yards
wide at the ferry. The cataradfc, or Grtat
Falls, in this river, is one of the greateft
natural curiofiticsinthe State. The riv«
er is about 40 yards wide, and moves in
a flow, gentle current, until coming with-
in a ihort diflance of a deep dett in a
rock, which crofles the channel, it de-
fcends and falls above 70 feet perpendic-
ular, in one eritire flicei, prefenting 4
mod beautiful and tremendous fccnc.
I'he new manufadhiring t»wn of Patter-
fon is creAcd on the Great Falls of this
river ; and its banks are adorned with
many elegant country feats. It abounds
with fifh of various kinds. There is a
bridge joo feet long, over this river, oa
the uoft toad ftom Philadelphia, to New
York.
Faffomaquoddy, a bay and river, near
which is the diviflon line between the
Britifl) province of N. Brunfwickand the
U. States of America. The ifland of Campo
Bello, in the N. Atlantic Ocean, is at the
middle or WpalTage of the bay, in lat. 44
50 N, and long. 66 46 W. The dlftancc
from Crofs Ifle, Machias, to W. Pafllama-
quoddy Head, L 9 leagues N £ by £ ;
and from the Head over the bar to Al-
len's Hie N N W » leagues. When you
come from the S W, and are bound into
Wed Paflamaquoddy, you mud give the
Seal Rocks a birth of three quarters of a
mile before you haul in from the harbour,
as there is a whirlpool to the eadward uf
them. The bay is about a league from
this point. It is high water here at full
and change of the moon, about the fame
' * time
time at a
which f
called b]
dick; bi
Etchemii
nobfcot 1
*ween th
Airto 3ni,
quoddy F
Fajfami.
dcTcribed
at the mo
this fide S
Cce iu the
and 378 >
Fajp2ma^
Inhabit nt;
36 N.
FafumfJ:
nint a fout
Connedticu
Mile Falls,
PoJJyuttk,
CO. Pcnnfyh
•^■J^o, or
^ayaa in
long. 76 ss-
Fatttgoa, a
which entei
Janeira.
Fatagonhf]
tie known, ej
lat. being 1 ic
300 broad, 1'
The E coad
good harbou
of the bed.
a principal tr
« no timber i
parts contain
numerous flo
Patapfco^A\
*hich emptie
peak Bay; it,
J*<»'nt, and B<
Jaft is in lat. j
<o. Pennfylva
S courfe till i
about 8 miles
turns eadwar
into a broad li
It is about 30
fore it cominu
*hich dand^ tl
Baltimore. Th(
'us River, fron
". rtfcmbling
fahlcforveflel
I'eU's Point at
PAT
time at at Boftnn. There are three rivcra
which fall into this bay ; the largcfl is
called by the modern Indians, the Scoo*
dick; but by De Mens t ' Champlaine
Etchemins. Its main fourcc is near Pe-
nobfcot River, and the carrying pUce be-
tween the ttvo rivers it but 3 miles. See
Nrui Brun/wieL The mouth of PafTama-
quoddy River has 35 fathoms water.
PaffamaguoiUy Poji Offictt ou the above
defcribed bay, is kept at a little village
at the mouth of Cobfcook River, 17 miles
this fide Brewer's, the eaftemmoft pofl of-
fice iu the U. States, ao N E of Machias,
and 378 N £ of Bodon.
Pajfamaquaddittt a tribe of Indians who
Inhabit near the bay of their name.
Pajfo Magno, a iiver of Florida, in lat.
36 N.
Paffumfjicl, a fmall river of Vermont,
runt a fouthern courfe, and empties into
Connedlicut River, below the Fifteen
Mile Falls, in the town of Barnct.
Paffyunk, a townihip iu Philadelphia
CO. Pcnnfylvania, having 884 inhabiunts.
Pafiot or St. Juan dt Pajlo, a town of
Popayan in & America. N lat. i 50, W
long. 76 55.
Patagaa, a river on the coaft of Brazil,
which enters the ocean S W of Rio
Janeira.
Patagonia, a country of S. America, lit-
tle known, extending from 35 to near 54 S
lat. being 1 xoo miles long, and upwards of
300 broad, lying S of Chili and Paraguay.
The E coaft is generally low, but has few
good harbours ; that of St. Julian is one
of the beft. It is fo called from Patagont,
a principal tribe of its inhabitants. There
is no timber in the S parts, though the N
parts contain an immenfe quantity, and
numerous flocks of cattle.
Poftf^ycs, a navigable river of Maryland,
which empties from the N W into Chela-
peak Bay ; its mouth being formed by N.
Point, and Bodkin Point on the S, which
laft is in lat. 39 8 30 N. It rifes in York
CO. Pennfylvania, and purfues a S and S
E courfe till it reaches Elkridge Landing,
about 8 miles S W of Ualtimore ; it there
turns eadwardly over falls, and widens
into a broad bay like ftream to its mouth.
It is about 30 or 40 yards wide jud be-
fore it communicates with the balon on
which ftand^ the large commercial town of
Baltimore. The firftdifcoverer called it Bo-
lus River, from the red earth found near
it, rcfembliiig bole ammoniac. It is navi-
gable for vefftis drawing 18 feet water to
fr'eU'i Point at Baltimore ; but the falls a
PAT
little above Elkridge lianding, prevents
the navigation farther.
Patavirca, a town of Peru, in the jurif-
diiftion of Santa, or Guarmty, confiftinj;
of about 60 houfes. It lies on the road
leading from Paita to Lima, 67 miles N
of that city. About three quartets of .1
league from this town, and nc^r tlic
fca-coaft, are ftill remaining fomc luige
walls of unbutnt bricks, being the ruins
of a palace of one of the Indi.m prin-
ces. Its Atuation correfponds with the
tradition; having on one fide, a molt
fertile and delightful country, and on the
other, the refrcfliing profptil of the fca.
Pdtaz, a jurifdii^ion in the diocefe of
Truxillo, in S. Ametica. It is fituated
among the mountains, and has a variety
of produdis, of which gold is the chief.
Patehucn, or PatiodJ, a town of Mexico,
in N. America, having a (liver mine in its
vicinity. N lat. ai, W long 99 58.
Patience, an iiland in Narraganfct Bay,
Rhode Ifland, and lies a mile S £ of War-
wick Neck. It is about two miles long,
and one broad. .
Patoiomaci, a large and noble river
which rifes by two branches, the north-
ern and the fouthern, which originate in
and near the Alleghany Mountains, anit
fotms, through its whole courfe, part of
the boundary between the States of Vir-
ginia and Maryland. Its courfe is N K to
Fort Cumberland, thence turning to the F, it
receives Conecocheague Creek from Penn-
fylvania ; then puruiing a S £ courfe, it
receives the Shenandoah from. the S W;
after this it runs a S E and S courfe, till
itre.nches Maryland Point; thence to its
mouth it runs S E. In its courfe it re-
ceives fcveral conCdcrable (Ireams, which
are defcribed under their refpetftiveheads.
The didance from the Capes of Virginia
to the terminition of the tide water iu
this river is above 300 miles ; and navi-
gable for fliips of the greatcft burden,
nearly that diftance. From thence thi»
river, obrtru<Sled by f(;ar conllderable
falls, extends through a vaft tract of in-
hahited country tow.(rds its lource. V.-.n-
ly in the year 1785, the Icgiilatiires oi,
Virginia ai;d Maryhmd pafled ailTsto en-
courage opening ihe nnvigation of tJii*
river. It was eftiniated that the expenlur
of the works vould amount to ;CjO,acO'
ftcrlinij, and io years were allowed fof
their completion. TJie falls above George-
town are now pafiaiile in bf^ats. This
noble river pafTcs by many fiouriniiiig
towns; the chief of uhicli arc Slicpherd-
ftoViO,
' W:\}
mv
HTf4
1
M
9f
r\
m
r\
!'*■ I' '
PAT
P A U
ftown, Georgetown, Wafliington City, Al-
exHndria.Ntw Marlborough, and Charlef-
town, or Port Tobacco. It is 7 1 miles
wide at its mouth ; 4J at Nomony Bay ;
3 at Aquia ; i^ at Hallooing Point ; and
li at Alexandria. It» foundings arc 7
fritlioins at the mouth ; 5 at St. Oeorge's
llland ; /\^ at Lower Matchodic ; J at
Swan's Point, and thence up to Alexan-
dria. The tides in the river are not very
Aroiig, excepting after great rains, when
til'; tbb is pretty ftrong ; then there is lit-
ilf or no flood, atid there is never more
tiwin 4 or 5 hour'siloud.exccpt with long
and (Irong S winds, tti order to form
jiift ooiictptiousof this inland navigation,
it would be requifitc to notice the long
rivera vvhich empty into the Patowmnck,
and furvey the geographical polition of
the wcftern waters. The diflance of
the waters • of the Ohio to Patow-
mack, will be from ffuen to forty miles,
according to the trcuhle which will be
taken to approach the two navig.itions.
The upper part of this river, until it paf-
Ics the Blue Ridge, is called, in Fry and
Jeffetfon's map, d ongtfonto.
Patrici, a county of Virginia, contain-
ing 6,68» free, and 647 black people. At
the court houfeis a port office, 2Si miles
from Walhington.
Patrick' tt St. a fmnll town, the chief
of Camden co. Georgia, lituated on Great
Satilla River, about 32 miles from its
mouth, and the fame diflance northwed-
«rly of the town of St. Mary's.
PatriJgefieU, See PartriJgcfteU.
Paitfnjhurg, a fmall town in Botetourt
CO. Virginia, fituated upon James' River,
on the great road, %6 miles from Lexing-
ton, II from Fincaflie.
Patter/on, a town in Bergen co. N. Jer-
fey, called fn in honour of the governor
of the State cf that name, and now one
of the jtidgcs of the Supreme Federal
Court. It was eftabliflicd in CDnfequcncc
of an a<5l of the Icgiflature of R Jerfty,
in 1791, incorporating a manufadluring
company with peculiar privileges. Its fit-
uation,on the Great Falls of PalTaic Riv-
er, is healthy and agreeable. It now con-
tains about 50 dwelling huufcs, indepen-
dent of thofe appropriated for the ma-
chinery; audit is certainly one of the
mod convenient fituaticns for a manufac-
tnring t«)wn, of any on the continent.
This company was incorporattd to en-
courage all kinds of maiiufaifturei, and
the fun» of 500,00c dollars was foonfuh-
fcribed ; but for want of ■-xptrlcncc, and
a proper knowledgenfthebunnefs,mtir!i
was expended to little purpofe ; and they
were at laft reduced to the nccefllty of
having recourfc to a lottery to afllfl them
in carrying their plan into execution. It
is 19 miles N £ of Morri(h>wn, 10 N of
Newark. N lat. 40 12, W long. 74 57.
Patueiet, a fmall village about 4 milen
N E of Providence a bufy place of con-
fiderable trade, and where manufa<n:ures
of fcveral kinds are carried oh with fpir-
it. Through this village runs Patucket,
or Pawtucket River, which empties into
Seekhonk River at this place. The river
Patucket, called more northerly Black-
ftone's River, has a beautiful fall of wa-
ter, dirc(5lly over which a bridge has
been built on the line, which divides the
Commonwealth of MafTachufetts from the
State of Rhode-Idand ; diflant about 40
milts S by W of Bofton. The confluent
ftrcam empties into Providence River
about a mile below Weyboflett, or the
Great Bridge. The fall,ia its whole length,
is upwards ot fifty feet ; and the water
pafles through feveral chafms in a rock,
which, extending diametrically ftcrofs
the bed of the flream, ferves as a dam to
the water. Several mills have been erect-
ed upon thefe falls ; and the fpouts and
channels which have been conflruillcd to
condu<5b the ftreams to their refpe<5live
wheels, and the bridge, have taken very
much from the beauty, and grandeur of
the fccne ; which would otherwife have
bccnindcfcribablycharmingandromantic.
Patuxent, or Patuxet, a navigable river
of Maryland, which rifes near the fource
of Patapfco River, and empties into the
W fide ofChefapeak Bay between Drurn
and Hog Ifland Points, 15 or so miles N
of the mouth of the Patowmac. It ad-
mits veflcls of ijo tons to Nottingham,
nearly 46 miles from its mouth, and of
boatH to Queen Anne, tl miles higher.
Patuxent is as remarkable a river as any
in the bay, having very high land on its
north flde, with red banks or cliffs. When
you double Drum Point, you come too in
•i-| and 3 fathoms water, where you will
be fecurc from all winds.
Pjucar-Co//a, a jurlfdidlion in tJic biflv
oprick of La Paz, in S. America, border
ing on Chiicutto. It is fituuted in the
mountain?, and abonnds in cattle. Tlie
air is here very cold. The filvcr mine
called Laycacota, was formerly fo ridi,
that the metal was often cut out witii .1
chifltl ; but the waters having overflow-
ed the works, it Is abandoned.
Paueartiirii,
jPamar
fcefe of C
fruitful, i
Pauiati
into Sfor
part of t
iitrticut a
Paul', 1
■ivcr St. 1
>ow Cape
rnuuntaiiis
minatcfro
Paul'i }
Newfound
'«"«• 57 5.1
Pjul', IJ,
between N
iflands. It
of North C
47 13, W I
Puul,St.
in the captj
a kind of ai
poftd of th(
However, tH
the king of
by inacceflih
*fts. S lat.
Pt"!, St. a
ated at the
head branchi
. Paui, St. th
Iflahds, in th
Jca. In the
where, if nee
careening rtii
P'«l\ St. i
S. Carolina, c
of whom 638,
Pau/ing/luu-i
liutchefs CO. 1
tern bnundah
South and El
contains 4269
are flavcs.
Piulin't Kilt
Pau/Jhurfrh, A
Grafton co. >
waters of Amoi
vvhich pallet A
Pilulus Ifoei,
on the weft bai
file N. York cit
yards wide. .,
perhaps more i
ynited States.
J" the late war.
"'tcnfe, thar th<
''wc was praclid
non. ^
Vol. I.
p A i;
S^atftartiimlo, a jnrifdiiTVion of the dJo-
fcefc of Cufco, in S. America. It i^ very
fruitful, and lies 80 leagues K of Cnfco.
Pauiatuck, a fmall river which empties
5nto Sf.on'njjtoiV harbour, and forms a
part of the ciivifion line between Con-
ni.Oticut and Khode-Illand.
Paiil't Buy, St. on the N W ihore of the
■ivcr St. Lawrenccj is about 6 leajjuts be-
iow (lape Torment, where a ebon of
mountains of 400 leagues in length tcr--
minatefrom the weftvvard.
Paul't Bay, St. on the N W ccift of
Newfoundland Ifland. N lat.4950, W
tons. 57 in.
PjuI's IJhnii, St. an illand in the ftrait
between Newfoundland and Cape Breton
Wanda. It is abqut 15 mile* north-eaft
of North Capej in Cape Breton. N lat.
47 i3» W lonjr. 60 a.
pjul, St. A town of Brazil, 3. America,
in the captainChip of St. Vincent. It is
a kind of an independent republic, com-
poftd Of the banditti of fcveral nations.
However, they pay a tribute of g'oid to
the king of Portugal. It is fiirroimded
by inacceflible mountains and thick for-
iflls. S lat. ^3 »i, W long. 45 52.
Pavl, St. a town of New-jy/Iexico, fitu-
ated at the confluence of the two niain
head biranches of the Rio Bravo.
Paul, St, the moft foutherly of the Pearl
idands. In the Gulf of Panama, S. Amer-
ica. In the N fide is a l.afe channel ;
Tvhere, if necelFary, there isi a place for
careening flilps.
Paul's, St. a parifh in Colleton dinri<5t,
S. Carolina, containing 7 14 4 inhabitants,
of whom 6383 are flavcs.
Paulinglloivn; or P.itvl!ng, a towtifliip in
butchefs CO N. Yorkj lying on the wef-
tern boundary of ConneiSticiit, and lias
South and Eaft Town on rile fouth. It
contains 4269 inhabitants, of whom 3.1
are flaves.
Paulin'j Kill. See Suffx CO. Nerv J'tfcy.
Piiuljhurgh, an uninhabiteci townlliip in
Grafton co. N..^Hampfliire, on the head
waters of Amoiioofiirk River.,and through
Which pafli:'* Androfco|;g!n Rivc!\
Paulut Huoi, in Bergen co. N. Jerfey, is
on the weft bank of Hudfon River, oppo-
lite N. York eity, where the river is 2.000
yards wide. Here is a ferry, which is
perhaps more ufed than any tuhcr in the
United States, 'i'his was a lortilied port
in the late war. In 1780 the froft was fu
intenfe, that the paiVagc acr^fs the river
here was praCticdble for the ht avieft can-
non. ,^„ .V
V«t. I. f. o 2
PAY
Pawltt,2 townfli'p in Rutland co. VeN
moot, having 1938 inhabitants. It ftanda
on the N. York line, hHs Wells N, .^nd
Rupert S, and is wattrr cl by Pawlet Riv-
er, which joins Wood C/ctk and the con-
fluent (Ircani, falls into .'•oinh Bay a: Fid-
dler's Elbow. Hayftack Mountain is in
this towndiip.
pjiviucket , Falls, ill Merrimack Riv'er^
are in the townfliip of Draciit.
Patvitixtt, a village in the townfliip of
Cran(h)n, Providence co. Rhodc-lfland.
Paxaros, an ilUnd on the coafl of Cali-
fornia, in the N. Pacific Ocean. N lat.
30 t8, W long, izo 45.
Paxtim, Upper, Lnivrt,atlA MitMf, three
tnwnlhips in Diiuphin co. Pennfylvania }
the firft has 2274, the fecond727, and the
third, including Swctara, 320!? inhabit*
ants.
Pjxton, a townfliip of MafTachnfetts,
Worcefter co. 8 miles weft of Woreefter.
It was incorporated in 1765^ and contatn*
582 iiihabitants.
Payjiin, a fmall town in the jurifdiclion
of Truxillo, in Peru, 8 leagues S of St.
Pedro.
Paynrfiiiltr, a town in Trumbull co.
.State of Ohio, on Lake Erie, neur the
mouth of Grand River. It had, in t3o2,
about ijo inhabitants.
Payraha, a town and captainfliip in th»
northern divilion of Brazil.
P,iyta; or Puitii, a fmall fea-port of Qui-
to on the coaft of Peru, with an excellent
harbour, ti leagues north of the iilaiid
calltd Lohos dc Payta. Ships from Ac-
apulco, Sonlonnate, Rea'cijo, and Pana-
ma tO.CallaojCan Only toiu-h aiidrcfrcfhi
here ; and the ltni;rii of their voy.^^es, by
reafon of rhe winds being moll of the
year agaihfl: rlu-ni, occ.-iiions the port t<>
be very much frequented. Yet fo parch-
ed is the fnuarion of Payta, that it afFord*
little helidrs iifli, a few goats and frcfli
water ; their chief provilions being fur-
niflicd by Colan ;ind Piiira, the one 3»
Old the other 14 leagues diflant. The
bay is de'.'ended by a fort, and it is fo lit-
uated th?.t e . en mulkets alone cm hinder
hosts from landing, being under a pretty
hi^h lull, on tlie fumrnit of which ia
anotlier fort, that command.s the towa
and lower fort. It h;"d only ,1 I'o.'-r with
8 gun':, when CommixU^re Anfim took it
in 1741. He burnt tlie town, in which
was merchandize to the value of a million
and a half of doll.ir?, becaulc the gover-
nor refufcd to raiifoni it. The pUmf'sf
in dollatt> and plate, amounted to
;C 30,000
■^it
!;:*l:;.'
1
H''
'■■■
fS .-'
'<!
' , ' f ' ■'
\
m
y
PEA
PEA
I 1
ii
/I ^rt.CTc ftcilinp. tt wa* plundered aiitl
biiriu l>y Capt. CAVcndilh, tit 15H7, und
l)y ^iforgt Spilbcrj^ in 1615. 'I r.trr is
anchorxc^c in 10^ I'alhning about a mile
and a halt' from the «own. S lat. 5 t.?,
W long. 80 .^5.
J*<'z, L<i, a I'mall jiirifdio>ion of thr an-
diriK-e 1)1' C'h.ircas, in I'tru, S. Amcrita.
It i» rituatcU in tlie mountains, one <>!
which, called lilimani.rontnint.in all hu-
man probiUiiliiy, ininifiirc riches; tor a
crag »)f it bciiij; brokrn off foinc yearn
liiKc hy a flafh of lightning, luth a i{\mi\'
tity of golil \\;\s found ninonj" the fraj;
ru!U<, that it was fold for foinf time at
l.;\ Pal for tij'ht piece* of tip.ht ptr
ounce. I^ut the fummit of thik mountain
bfin^ pmutiially covircd with ice and
fnow, no attempt has been made to open
x mine.
PiiK, Li3, a city of Peru, and capital of
the above jurildirtion, is K of the lake
Titiaca, on the fide of a valley, among
the breaches of the mount lins, through
tvhich a pretty large river flows. In
freiliCkS, the current of the river forces
along h«i;4e nudes of rocks, with fonic
jjraitu of potd. In the year i7.;o, an In-
dian, while wafhing his tltt in the river,
found a lump of gold of fuch a ii-ic, that
the Marquis do C.dkl Fuerte gave 1 z,ooo
pieces of eight for it, ami fcnt it to Spain
as a prcfent worthy the curioOty of his
fovereign. This city contains bdidcs the
cathedral, many publicrdiilces.and about
ao,coo inhabitants. It is lilo miles N of
La Plata, and 3J0 S li of Cufco. S lat.
xjT 59, W long. 64 so. j
Pjzara, a cape of N. America, on the ;
AV fide of the peninfula of California, to-
wards the S end of it, in about lat. 34 N,.;
and long. 1 ij ^^^
Pence River, a large river of N. Ameri-
ca, which runs northeafttrly into the Lake
e>f the Hills. In the drie^ I'eafon it is a
quarter of a mile wide. The lands on
this river are inhabited by the Beaver
and Rocky Mountain Indians. Like all
people Junacquiiinted with the gol'pcl, they
are a barbarous, wicked race of bcinj;s.
Polygamy is pra(5lifed, and the women
are in the lowed ftate of dtbafement. At
their funerals, among other extravagant
tokens of forrow, the women, if the dc-
ceafed be a favourite fon or hulband, cut
off a finger at the firft joint. Some of the
old women have not a whole finger left.
The men think it below their dignity to
fliow any mark of grief. Thefe creatures
are great gamefkrs, pi:rfuing the bufi-
ne(» romrtimea forffvrr.4ld»y» aacf nigf»«.
rhcir habitations are formed by fettinj^
up a number «>t polc^, uiiiicd at the top,
exji.mdcd at the bottom in a ciicle of n.
or t.c feet dianuttr, I'litfe are covered
with drrfl'cd Ikinii fcwed together. Thi»
and other drudperici ar» performed by
the women, while the men lit finoking at
their rafe.
Pmci, nn ifland rn the eoaft of Nova-
Scoli.t,Sof Mirachi Point.
P.j^h IfjiiJ, it iitiiatid in Lake .St
Clair, U. Canada, abtmt 7 miles higher
lip than Dctroit.iicarlyoppoiitc to where
the (ir.ttui Marais eummunicates with
that lakr. It contains from 60 to lou
acres of land, fit for tillage, the other
part^ being meadow and marili. There
is little wood on this iiland ; it is not im-
proved. Siriyth.
Pej^'nm, a poft town ill Caledonia co,
Vermont, lies W of Barnet on C<)nnc<!:U-
cut River. Tt contains 873 inhabitant*.
Pralt of Ottir are thought to be the
hi^,hc(lpart of the Uhie Kidge,er perhaps
any other in N. America. Mcafuring
from their bale, the hcij»ht i» 4.000 feet.
Peaplf a fmalt ifle or fhoal in the W. la-
dies, lat. 14 53 N, and long. 79 13W.
Piurl, an illnnd in the Gulf of Mexico,
towards the mouth of the MilBTippi, a
few leagues from Dauphin Mand ; about
6 or 7 miles in length, and 4 in breadth.
Piatt IJlandsy in the Bay of Panama,
called alfo King Iflands, in the S. Pacific
Ocean, t % le.igues from the city of Pana-
ma. They are low, a.;'! produce wood,
water, tVuit,fowli and hogs; afford good
harbours for fliipt^ Th« northern mofbia
named Pachea; thcrouthcrnmoOSt.Paurs.
N lat. 7 10, VV long. 81 45.
Prart, ^ river which rifcs in the Chac-
taw country, in the W part of the MilFi-
lippi Territory, ha» a fuutherly courfe to
the OnM of Mexico^ and is navigable up-
wards of 150 mites. Its principal mouths
are near the entrance at the £ end of the
Rcgolets, through which i.s the paflage t»
Lake Ponchartrain. It lus 7 feet at its
entrance, and deep water afterwards. In
1769, there were fumefettlcmentsonthi»
river, where they raifed tobacco, indigo,
cotton, rice, Indian corn, and all forts of
vegetables. The land produces a varie-
ty of timber, fit for pipe and hoglhead
(laves, mafh, yards, and all kindi of plank
for fliip-building,
Pearns Point, on the W fide of the ifl-
and of Antigua, and the W fide of Muf-
keto Cove. Off it are the Five IHands.
Peck-walktt,
JPniv
•ow caj]
Ara, in ^
PtUrtf
Appalac
where i(
Carolina
And reC(
Creek, L
joiniithe
town. 1
accefTion
Oeorgftoi
which, ah
rates wieli
boats of 6
A</«, /.
N. Caeolit
I'edce in i
the ocean.
Pe>/ra Si
from Jat. t
79 9 to 7f
Ped,ai P
leagues £ £
I'land, and
point on th
W of Brant
Pedrjs, a
PuiMa det
tremity of i
Pedro, St.
X'anibeyque
houfes, mofi
lies. 7t is
mayo, whicl
very fertile.
»o leagues
»T 49. W )oi
A</f o, 5/.
in the S. Pac
tives OnatfiD
cuit, and 'lie
end of La
long. ij8 30,
'He S fide of
flueucc of th;
1'hc united ft
>nd falls into
California.
^dt^ Point,
'he ifland of
Point to this u
ahout 1 1 leagi
M leajjuc* froi
ernmoft Pedro
Ptdre, Zittle
Ume ifland, Ik
withiQ 4 xitea
p E r>
Pickwatktti an ancient Indian village,
BOW called b'ryeburgli, 60 inilct from die
icii, in M-jiue.
PtJuf Grtat, a rircr which rifcs.in tia-
A|>pAlachian A/lotiiit>iin«, in N. Carolina,
where it ia cuilcd Yadkin River. In S,
Carolina it takes the name of I'cdce ;
and receiving the waters of I^yochc's
Creek, Little Pcdec, and Black Kivcr, it
joins the Wakkamaw River, near Gcnrj^f-
town. Thefe united llreams, with the
acccfTion of a tinall creek on wliii'h
Georxctowa ftaudu, form Winyaw Bay,
which, ahout 14 milen below, cnBimi>ai-
raic* with ihc ocean. It h navi;>able fur
boats of 60 uv 70 tons about aoo miles.
PfUtt, LUt/e, rifcs in fcvcral branches in
N. Oaroliaa, and unites with the Orrat
I'cdee in S. Carolina alraut 32 mile* from
the ocean.
Peifra ShoaU, in the W. Indies, extend
from lat. 17 ao to 30 N, and from long.
79 9 to 7<t 17 W.
J*e>/rai Paint, on tlic cnad of Brazil, is 7
leagues £ S £ from the Arait of St. John's
Illand, and 75 fromCupe North. Alfo a
point on the fame coall 10 leagues W N
W of Brandihi Bay.
Pedfjtt a river on the N W fide of
Ptiuta des Pcdras, at the fuuthcrn ex-
tremity of Amaxon Kivcr.
Pedro, St. a town in the jurifdii'iion of
PEL
fathoms within and 10 on the outer cdj«c
ol it.
P.Jro Piihii, Si. on the toafl of Chili, it
8 lcai<uri N N )•: (>r i'ditif (Jl'.idar.and 14
S .S VV of l,',t|ic Calcia. J'uit Si. P.iJru u
roiiti;;>,ui>(i!i to thi-. pniiit.
PtJio Poll, St. Ik i» \\ cii the Idand of
St. Catherine, and on ilic h V. coal! ot Bra-
zil, at the entrance ot the livci l.a I'l.ita.
PeJru Jiivtr, .'it. runs W 10 tlio Gulf «f
Mexico. Its mouth iii in about lat. 2.1 N,
and l()nj> 98 VV.
PceJt'i'Kill, a fmall liulk town in W.
Chcftcrcd. N York, oil tlu. !•. liilcuf Uud-
fon Kivtr, and N lidc- ol ilic ctctk vi its
name, 5 miii.i I'rnin iti mouth. It is zo
miles S ot Fiili-Kill and 50 N of N. Yolk.
In the v.i)ittr of 1780, V,t\\. Wall^injtou
encamped on the ilron^ grounds in ihii*
vicinity.
Piling, a town in Grafton co. New-
liampfbirc, containing; 8.( inhabitantii.
Pcgvinoa, a N VV biamh of Pairiik
River, in N. Jerfcy, which nfts in .Su/Tei:
CO. The town ot its name lies bttwrcu
it and Kockaway, another branch S of
this river, N W of Murtinnwn.
Peiiffcat, or Pfjipjhcni^ Valli, in Andfof-
coggin River, ycc KmniLeci Riiier, &c.
Pejefifiat, W Pr^y'^l-ea^, A townfllip in
Cumberland co. Maine, adjoininj^ Poljnd,
Durban), &.c. on the wofttrlv bank of
) I
I.ambcyque, in Peru, conliftinj; of 130 , Great .'iineril'ko;;gen River, about thirty
houfes, modly inhabited by Indian faini- | miles N of PorcIan<l
lies. It is waflied by the river Pacaf-
mayn, which rcjiders the country round
very fertile. It is feated near the S. Sea,
ao leagues from l.ambeyque. S lat. 7
»5 49, W long. 78 ao 15.
J'iJro, St. one of the Martjucfas Ifl-inds,
in the i<. Pacific Ocean, called by the na-
tives Onattyn ; it is about 3 leagues in cir-
<uit, and lies S 4^ leagues from the K
end of La Dominica. S lat 9 58, W
lonfr. Ij8 30.
PfJro, St, a town of New-Mexico, on
the S hdc of Coral River, near the con-
fluence of that river with^ the Colorado.
I'hc imited flream runs a fliorl way S,
and falls into the N part of the Uuif of
California.
Mfi/»(> Point, Orrat, is on the S coaft of
the ifland of Jamaica. From Portland
Point to this point the courfe is W by N
about 1 1 leagues. About 5 ^ £, diftaucc
14 leagues from Point Pedro, lies the eaft-
ernmoft Pedro Key.
Pedro, LUtle Paint, on the S coaft of the
(ame illand, Ues £ of Great Pedro Point,
irithia a, jQxoal {urtly 4tj ; but lias 5
Pi/i Puini, or f/'jint au Pie) U. Canada,
now called the South Torcland, extcjid-
\w'i^ into Lake £ric, between Lnndguard
and tbc mouth of DtCruit Uiver, is noted
for btiog a good place- to winter cattle at,
on accimnt of the lullics which abound
there. Smyth.
Ptltfon, 3 name fomctinics applied to
Clinch Ri-utr ; v>hicli fee.
Pelham, a townflvip of MalT^rhufctts,
Hampfliire CO. la miles N E of North-
ampton, and 85 VV of Boflon. It w^s in-
corporated in 174a, and contains 1144
inhabitants.
Peiiiam,ii pcifl town of Rockinghmn co.
N. Himpfliirc, on the tj .State liiu.', wbieh
fcparatcs it from Diacut in Millathu-
fftts. It lies on tbc E iidc of Beaver
River, 30 miles S VV of Iixeter, and j6
N of Bofton. It wafi iiii-'orporatcd in
1746, .tnd contains 918 inhabitants.
Pelbam, a townfhip of VVeft-Chefter co.
N. York, hounded S and E by the .Sound,
N including New-City, H.irt, and Ap-
plefby'i Ulandi. It cuataius 943 inhab-
itants.
Ptllam
I ' '
n ').
P E M
fetham Toxvit/tif', Lincoln co. I). Cana-
da, lit^s 10 tlic S (it'Iouth. and is watcied
by t^-e Chippewa or Wtlland. Smyib.
PJican,Grfat, an illand I'l mile loni^.md
Very ri.urri»v, E of the Bay of Mobile in
the Gulf of Mexico. Its concave fide i>
towards the E end of Daupliin Ifland.
Hawk'» Eay lies between tlafc two id-
•nds. Littie Ptlidin TJlaiiJ is a I'm.dl fand
key, S E of Ore It Pelican. h» E curve
mcctii a large ''>al extending front Mo-
bile Point.
Pelican IJljiidt, on th<; S C(iaft of the ifl-
and'of Jamaica, :ire fituated otf the point
io called, VV of Port-Royal harhour.
PiUcan, 3 fmnll iddod at tiie £> W point
pf the iHand of Antigua.
Pfiican Koi-ls lift in Runaway Bay, on
theWfjdc ot the Ifland of Antigua, to-
•wards the N W. They lie updcr water,
and arc very dangerous..
Pelican Shoals, fmall patches of fand-
t>anks about h.ilf a mile from the f1\urc
pf the S W coaft of Barbadoes Ifland.
Pemaguiiif a bay on the ie^-coafl of IJn-
coin CO. Maine. It lies £ of ShecpCcot
River, and contains a number of [flands,
biany of which are under. cul|.ivation.
Pcmaquid Point, on the W fide of the
above bay, lies a miles E of Booth Bay,
and about 4 leagues N W of Mcnhegan
ifland. N lat. 44 .5, W long. A9.
Ptmagen, ,1 rettlenient of Maine, 7 miles
from St. Denis, or Denys River, and i^
from Moofe Inland.
PittLtokt, a lownfliip of MafTachufctts,
Plymouthcp. 30 inil^s S by E of Bofton.
It was incorporated in 1712, and contains
3943 inhabitants. It lies 18 miles tmm
the mouth of North River ; and vefFels
of 300 tons have been built here. See
JVeW/6 Hiver.
Pcmbrulc, the Suncooi of the Indians, a
townfhip pf N Hampfliire, in Rocking-
ham CO. on tlu- E iide of Mrriimack Riv-
er, oppoute Concord. It lies upon two
jmall rivers, Bowcook,aiid Suncook,
which run a S by W conrle into Merri-
mack River. In 1728, it was fettled and
called Ziei^eiueU's Tuiun. It was incorpo-
rated in 1759, and contains 982 iniiab.it-
ants.
Pemi'rtivajfet, a river of Ncw-Hamp-
fliire, wiiich fprings from the eaftern pjrt
of the ridge called the Height of Land.
Moofc-hillock Mountain gives it one
branch ; another comes from the S W
extremity of the White Mountains, and
-.a third comes from the townfliip of Fran-
'coiiia. Its length is about 50 miicb ; its
PEN
courfe j?enerally Ti, and it rcceivf* fioin
bothndtsa nuuiberol dreams. Winijii-
feii^;ti' Rivir comes from the lake of th:H
n;uiie, :«nd unites it>i waters with the
rcmigcwalltt at the lower end of San-
hurutown. From this jun(tbon, the cun>
(luent ffrcain bears the n^me of M<rri-
niack, to the fea. .See Mrtriaaci.
Pi-milrloH, a county of Virginia, l)OUud-
cd N VV by Randolph, and S by Rock-
iiij>ham counties; watered by the S
branch of Patowniack. It rnntaiits 3,^54
free inha'jitants, and Xi4 llaves. Chief
town, Frankford.
Pindletoii, a diftriifl of S. Carolina, 011
Keowcc and Savannah Rivers. It con-
tains 20,050 inhabitants, of whom 2,104
are llaves. The court houfe in this dif-
tritSt. where n a pod office, is ^^ mile*
N N E of Franklin couit houft ii^ Geor-
gia, and 5a W of Cambridge.
PendlttoB, a county of Kentucky, co\u
taining 1,573 people, of whom 439 arc
flaves. At the court houfe is a poft office.
Penguin, an ifland in the Atlantic Ocean,
about 10 milc> N E of the coaft of New-'
fouadland. It has this name irum the
multitude of birds of that name which
frequent it. N lat. 50 .?, W long. 50 30.
There is alfo anifland of the fame name,
on the coaft of Pat.igonia, in the S. At-
lantic Ocean, 3 leagues S E of Port De-
lire. It is an uninhabited rock, hi>>h at
the eiids and low in the middle, and is
the largeft and outermoft ol a number of
fmall ilies or rocks, and is about a muf-
ket-fhot from the main land. It abounds
in an extraordiuHry manner, with pen-
guins and feal.s. It is three fourths of a
mile in length, and half a mile in breadth
from E to W.
Pftini Rr^'cts, two cliifters of iflands in
the broadeft and S W^ part of Hudfoii*
Bay, N. America ; diftingulflicd by the
names of E. and W Penh's.
Pennington, or Pcnnytutun,^ pleaCant and
flourifliing village in Hunterdon co. N.
Jerfey, 9 mil<s W of Princeton, and .56
N £ by N of Philadelphia. It contains a
church for public worlhip, atid about 40
Iioufes. Here i.s a poft office.
Pcnn, firi, ftands at the mouth of a
fmall creek, on the VV fide of Delaware
River, in Northampton co. about ai miles
N of the town of Eafton, and near 70 N ot"
Philadelphia. N lat. 40 $(), W U-ng. 75
1 3. The road frnm Philadelphia to Tio-
ga Point, pafTcs through the opening in
the Blue Mountains, called Wind Caf,
about 9 miles >> W of this fcrt,
' Sinn.^
Pfn, t
M o« tlie
polite to I
Piitn'i,
Sulquehai
Prnu/l/er
Pcnntvlva
able iAue 1
flone,call<
iquaiuity <
tain as to 1
rods from
are below
miles. Bel
empty tl.rt
to the Sufij
Prntjhoro
fame counts
PenitJauTy
nia, in Bu
Delaware B
the celebra
himfelf. H
planted gar
with mquy 1
provcments,
Ptnn, Ne,
(ies pn Old ]
«f the boui
Olouccflcr C(
l>y N of Sal.
ware, and %
Penn't Nee
'•ngs of cue
I'ilc and a h
Jerfey, on h
r ?N
PEN
v\d in
tr of
muf-
bounds
pt;n-
of a,
eadlh
nt and
c«). N.
and .s6
itaiiiB a
lOUt 40
ih of a
II mile*
70 Not
*.ng. 75
to Tio-
ning in
nd Gapt
PtMH, Port, in Ncw-CijWc C(i. Delaware,
4» 4IU tlie W b.uiV of Po)awatc River, op-
police to Rtoly in4uc1.
Pcnn't, a townHiip .Of IVniifylvania, on
Sur<]utl)ai)nali Rivi!r«lt<fvin}; a.^or; inktU.
Pei»i/lt,ri)uj<h, Wrft't ill Cumlieriand to.
Pcnntvlvania. Intlilii town is a remark-
able ifrue of water from a ridge of iiiut-
ftone, called " The Big Spring.' Sudi 1
quantity of water flows from the toun
tiiin M to carry a mill hii>lt only tlurty
rods from the fourte. Five otlier millb
are below on the fame ftr(.;tin, within 4
iniles. Lcluw the lower mill the w.itcrs
empty through Conidogwinnct Creek, in-
to the Sufqiiehaunah.
Pi-nrJiorckgLf £ajl, a townfhlp in the
fame county.
Ptnx/aury, a fmall town of Pennfylva-
nia, in Bucl^'s co. on a fmall creek of
Delaware River. It W43 a manor which
the celebrated Mr. Penn refcrved for
himftlf. Here he built a houfe, and
planted garment an;l orchards; which,
with mqiiy additia;\al buildings and im-
prov^mentii, dill continue.
Ptnn't Kni, in Salem co. New-Jerfey,
lies 9n Qld Man's Creek, which is p.4rt
of the boundary between Salem and
Olouccftcr counties. It is ti miles N Ji
by N of Salem. 3!^ miles from the Pcla-
ware, and f bclnw Swedtlhorough.
Penn'i Neei, the u:mic of a range of
i.:nyR of cjcellcnt foil, fituated about a
Piilc and a h^lf S E oi Princeton in JiJ.
Jcrfey, on » point of land formed by
Millftone River and Stony JJroole. It
derived its name from the celc!>ratid Ug-
itivitcr, William Psnq, who toi iii.rly own-
ed th>« tradt.
PAnnfyhaniu, one of the United Stales
of ^nuericH,. is fituated between 39 43 and
41-Nilat. and between 7448 and 80 8 W
long. I, bciit^i^ in len<^th about 288, miles,
and in breadth 156. It is bounded E by
Delaware Rivi r, which fcparates it from
New Jerfcy ; U I'y New York and J.akc
Erie, where there is a good port; W by
the State of Ohio, and a part of Vir-
ginia, and S. by a part of Virginia, Mary-
land, and Delaware. The St!i(e, (ex-
cept the pur.chafe mentioned below)
lies in the form of a parallelogram. The
notthweft eorner of tUis State, containing
aoout aoi 000 acres, WiM p.urchaled of
('ongrefs by this State. Pennfylvania
fv'ntains 44.900 fquare miles, and is di-
vided into ,15 counties, viz. Philadelphia,
Chefter, DLlawarc, Bucks, Montgomery,
|krl(;3,LancaIler Dayplun, Northampton;
Fti">-i
I.U7,trne, York, Cumlicrland, Niir»h\irn»
lierl.md, lrAiik:;ii, Ikdford. Huntm.'^d'.n,
Miiiliii, W(itnii'rt!.(iKl, Soincif«t. r.iytttc,
Wrtfliiii^toii,Alicgh,iiiy,I.yr()'i\iii^,OrceH,
VV.iync, /Vilair.i. lU iitre, lifitver, Lutlcr,
Merrer, Crawfirrd, I.rit, \V.irreii, Venan-
go, and Ariiilhoii,*,'. Ihelc .<re fubdivid*
ed into towplliips, not bv .inv fpcci.it law
ot rhe legiil.iturc, but <in anplieatiun of 4
.. licient niiniber of the ciiizens, in any
ntijjhbourh'.iod, to the judges ot the court
of cmninon pleas and general <iu,'.it<.r fef-
lions of the county. In each tiiwiifliip
the citizens h.«vt the privilege nt .^n't.n-
bling once a year, to choofe two overlttrs
of the poor, two aliciVors, a collector of
taxes, two i'lipcrvifors of the ro<uli*, and a
condalvie, The number of inhabitants,
according to the cenlus of 1790, wm»
434>373i '"chiding .•5,737 llave-i; iniSoo,
6oj,54j, including 1,706 flaves. There
are iix contiderable rivera, which, with
their numerous branches, peninfuUte the
whole State, viz. the Delaware, Schuyl-
kill, Sufquehannah, Yougbiogany, M»*
nongahela, Alleghany, and Juniatta. The
b:<y and river Delaware are navigable up
to the Great or Lower Falls at Trenton,
155 miles frmn the fca, and a (hip of the
line can afcend to fbiLtJil/ihru, the me-
tropolis, i20 miles from the lea, by the
thip channel of the Delaware. A ccnfid-
eral.le part of the Si.itc may be called
mcuntainous; particularly the conntiea
of Bedford. Huiiiingdon, Cumberhiid,
p-.irt of Franklin, D.aiphin, and part of
Buck's and Northampton, ll)r(>uy,h which
pafs, under various nnnits, the numerous
ridges and Ipius which eollee^ively form
the Great Range of /itU^iany Alountains.
The principal iicli.cj h( re are tJic Kitta-
tinny, or Blue Moiciitaiiis, wliicli pafs N
,)[ Nazareth, i'l Nin thanipton eo. p.iid piir-
I'ue a S W couile, acrofs the Lehigh^
through Dauphin co. jiift above Harrif.
liurg, theucc on the VV lide of the Sulque-
liannah, through Cumberland and Frank-
lin comities. Back of thefe, and nearly
parallel with them, are Peter's, Tufcaro-
ra, and Nel'eopeck M(untains, on the E
lidt of the Sufqiiehanii;ih ; apd on theW
S.liarenian's Hills, Sideling Hills, R^'gged.,
Great W'arrior.s, Evits and Wills Moun-
tains ; then the Great Alleghany Ridge ;
\\ of this are the Chcinut Ridges. Be-
tween Juniatta and the W branch of th«
Sulquchannah are Jack's, Tufly'.s, Nitting,
and Bald Eagle Mountains. Ihc vale*
between thefe mountains are generally of
a rich, black i'ul; fuited to the various
' ; ■i.,-l-3.{
1
■''■' In
PEN
PEN
If
1 i
\\i
ltin(1)nff;rttin:indgraft. Some of the inoun«
taini will .idmit cultivation almoft to their
tnpn. The other parti of the State are
grntrally Icvil, of agreeably variegated
v/ith hilU and valiif^. The foil of Pcnn-
I'ylvania ii of various kinds ; in runic
pirti it is hjtrren, hut a great proportion
of the State in pood land ; and no inron-
fidfralile part of it is very good. The
I miitic tafte, and arc thought to Tiave equal
j medicinal virtue to the fmall Virginia
Inakc-ruot. The /lamtwem t»iuilii>Jii , or
rcd-herried elder, it found here. Ainoi:^
the Indiann it is called fevcr^buHi ; and 4
decotf^ion of its wood and buds is highly
efleemed by them. It would be endkli
to dclcribc the beautiful lflowering(hrub«,
and ufeful as sMo ornamental plants in
Franklin. The richer that i»
i^ lietwctn Allcj;hany River
■^ If
rirhcft traOt that it is fr.ttlcd, is L.incafter j: this Stttc. Orapes of fcvcral forts arc
«o. and the valley thronjh Cumberland, |l common : the late kind, when mellowed
by ftoft, make, with the addition of fiigar,
j»()od wine. The apples, pears, plums,
and pruchcs arc jjootl. At prrlcnt, the
cultivation of the vine is modi in vogue
in Pennfylvania, and good wine hasbern
already made. Iron ore alwnmds in tiiis
State . copper, lead, and allum appear in
fome places. Limeftone ia common, as
alfo fevcral kinds of marble. In the mid-
dle and weftcni country is abundaiKrc of
coal. At the \»aA of tnc weflern branrh
of Sufquehami:ih is an estenfive lied,
which ftretches over the coimtry fouth-
weClwardly, To at to be found ia the grcat<
eft plenty about Pittfburg. There are
airo confiderable bodies on the head wa-
ters of the Schuylkill and Lehij^h ; and
at Wyoming there is a bed open, which
gives very intenfe heat. Ufeful quadru-
peds, in the rtcw diftriiSl*, arc deer, iq
great ntimbers, beavers, otters, ratoooj,
and martini. BuflPalues rarely crofs the
Ohto, and tiks ftJdom advam:c from the
N. Panthers, wild cats, bears, foies and
wolves are not rare; the laft du mod
mifchicf, efpecially in the winter; but
the fur and (kins of all are valuable. In
the thick fcttlements, rabbits andfquir-
rels are frequent ; alfo minks and muflc-
rats in marfhcs; partridges are yet iiii-
merons.though the late hard winters have
dcftroycd many, and wild turkies in the
new fcttlememt; pheafants and groiife
arc become fcarce ; pigeons, ducks and
wild gcefe are generally found in plenty
in their proper feafons. Here are X gtcn
number of Gnging birds, as many migrate
to this State from N and S in certain
feafons. Trouts arc common in the riv«
ulets, in length feldom above a foot. In
the eaflefn rivers, the principal fifli arc
rode and fheep's head, with Oiad and
herring, which, in the fpting, come up
from the fea in great (hoals. 'I'hcfe are
not found in the weftern waters, which
are faid to have their own valuable kinds,
efpecially a fpecies of cat-filh, weighing
from 50 to 100 pounds; yellow perch
and pike «fe ^Ifo in t,bem mucU larijcr
aud
York and
unftttkd,
and Lake Erie, in the northweft part of j
the State, and in the country on the h« adt '
of the eaftern branches of the Alleghany,
y^nnfvlvania inclndcfi the greater part of |
the kinds of trees, ftiruhs, and plants, |
that grow within the U. Stato. Oaks, of |
fevcral fpccits, form the bulk of the |
woods. Hickory and walnut make a
greater proportion than in the northern
States. Safiafras, mulberry, tulip tree, I
and cedar, are comiaon and grow to per- 1
fcdlion, The mo'^nniia glauca, at fwanip |
faflafras, is found in low grounds ; the '
iwig? nnd roots are ufcd both in bath
and dccoAion for removing the rhtu-
riatifm. The maj^nnlin acuminata, or cu-
eumher tree, grows very tall about the
WcRern mountains. The mcg—.lin ttific-to'
la, or iiimbrclla tree, is found in fome
parts 16 or ao feet hi^h. The bark
fmooth, and the leaves fometimcs exceed
Ij or 15 inches in length, and .5 or 6 in
breadth, terminating in a point at each
irxtremity. The leaves are placed at the
ends of the branches, in a circular form,
refenibling an umbrella ; hence the name.
The bark of the tulip tree is cfteemed a
tolerable fubftitute for the Peruvian bark;
but the ctriius foriria, or dogwood, which
is frequent in the State, is preferred. Bc-
iidesmany othervaluabletrcts and flirubs,
are the feveral fpecies of maple : of thefe
the fcarlet flowered and fugar maple are
the moft ufeful ; they are common in the
Northern and wcftern parts of the State,
and are larger than the other fpecies,
growing from 50 to 60 feet high, and
yield abundwuce pf lap for the making of
iiigar. The a(h-lcavcd tooth-ach tree, is '
found here and in Maryland. The bark
and capfales have an acrid tafte, and are
ufcd in relieving the tooth-ach, whence
it has got its name. The (hrubby bith-
•wort grows near Fort Pitt. It thrives in
the (hade, in a rich foil ; grows about 30
feet high, and fends cflF many twining
Vranflhcs. The roots have a lively aro- 1
and more
fylvania i
•winj cnti
weftcf n ro
mies, prioi
Lancafler,
thence Co
Hirning iJk
channel in
iitate, the g
of Pcnnfyb
bufy in ci
road is cut
fnuthward
empties iiirc
"ah. Anof
dun town, 01
niatta, W 3(
gable brand
pike road li.-
I'hiladelphis
the diftance I
and another
phia and Gi
to the Tuipe
kill, a canal
dertakcn, an<
au incorporai
" 400,000 dc
tJjc Schuyllu,
tiiii fliall bp ei
will be in a I
open to Phili
•he Tioga, an
«i>e Sufquehar
*5.ooo,ooo of
•he general c{
» about S £,
of Chefapeak
See Tioga Rivi
•hcprcfent pi
eonvcniently i
other of its fia
8'eatly facilita
"nds. A fligl,
•yivania will b<
Mated for inlan
•lone fo much
that although P
•rediftant froi
wiles, there is c
«" of the State
'«tiice the Ian
nuie tenths. Ii
<«»tion to Pittf
ment.may be uf
'o'"tlic whole
fiy thefe routes
proportion of tli
••''« "ffftern wat
X
ft
!»E »
Hnd more nunifrmu. The S fide of Penn*
(ylvaniA ii the bed fettled throuj^hcut,
•wing entirely to the cii cumft^iKe of the
weQcrn ro.id hnving been run by the ar>
miei, prior to i76}t through the tnwiu of
Laneafler, Carlitle and Bcdl'ord, and
thence (o Pittfburg. For the purpofc of
turning the tide uffcttleri from thii old
channel into the unfcttlcd pirtt u* the
t»tatc, the government and landed intcrtU
of Pcnnfylvania have been, and are ftill,
bufy in cutting convenient roadi. A
road is cut from tiie mouth of the Tioga,
fnuthward to the mouth of Loyal, which
emptiet into the W branch of Sufquchan-
nah. Anoihcr road i« cut from Hunting-
don town, on Frank's Town branch of Ju-
niatta, \7 30 miles to Cuncniagli, u navi-
gable branch of th? Alleghany. A turn-
pike road ha* l>ern lately completed fiom
Philadelphia to Lancaner.which fhortcnk
the diftance between thcl'e places 8 miles ;
and another is made between Philadel-
phia and Germantown. From Swetara
to the Tulpchoken branch of the Schuyl-
kill, a canal and lock navigation is un
dertaken, and the works commenced, by
»u incorporated company, whofs capital
ii 400,000 dollan. Thik leads through
the Schuylkill to Philadelphia. When
this (hall tue ciFcifted, which it is expedted
will be in a few years, a palfage will be
open to Philadelphia from the Juniatta,
the Tioga, and the E and W branches of
the Sufquehannah, which water at lead
15,000,000 of acres. From this juniflinn,
the general courfe of the Sufquehannah
is about S £, until it falls into the head
of Chefapeak Bay at Havre de Grace.
See Tiaga Rivtr. On the completion of
the prefent plans, the Stale will be as
conveniently incerfed^d by roads as any
other of its fize in the Union, which will
greatly facilitate the fcttlemcnt of its new
lands. A flight view of the map of Pcnn-
f7lvania will be(t fliew how finely it is lit-
uatcd for inland navigation. Mature has
done fo much for inland land carriage,
that although Philadelphia and Lake Eric
are diAant from each other above 300
miles, there is no doubt but that the riv-
ers of the State may be fo improved, as to
reduce the land carriage between them
nine tenths. In the fame way the nav-
igation to Pittlburg, after due improvc-
mcnt,may be nfcd indeadof land carriage
for the whole diflancc except 23 miles.
BjT thefc routes it it dear, that a large
proporti/on of the foreign articles uftd on
•lit Wffttro wateis muft be tranfpoi.'ied,
FEN
and their furs, fkins, ginfeng, hemp, f!ai,
put ad), and other commodities brought
to Philad^lphia. Pcnnfylvania hat the
various kinds of ^raini &c. common
to the neighbouring States, but wheal
is the principal grain of very gen-
eral cultivation. The mnnufa^uret of
this State are of numerous kindt. Iron
works are of lonj; ftand!ni% and their pr<»-
dudls incrcafti in quantity, and improve
in quality. The furnaces, ftvcr.il years
ago, were ift, and the forges 37. 'I'lure
were 18 rolling and Hitting milln, which
cut and rolled 1500 tonsi a ytar. Tin-
forges, if properly conducted, inrinufac*
ture each 170 ton* of liar iron .1 year —
total 6,290 tons. Rf fides p'g* cafl at ihc
furn.'icefi, there .ire pots, kcttils, pans,
ovens, litdles, 'oiigs, Ihovels, andir«!n.«,
plough-irons, fpndc, hoc, fliett-iron,
hoops ; iron ami (tcil work for pital'uic
and working carriu^^es; nails, bolts, Ipikcs;
various iron-work for fliips, mills and
buildings, cannon balls, and fome miifk-
ets ; fcyth'S,, Tickles, axi.i>,driiwing-kiiivi>,
fome faws and pl.mes, and other tool".
The other extcniive manufactures are nu-
merous, vis. thofe of leather, flcins, and
fur, wood, paperf gunpowder, bricka,
earthen ware, copptr, had, tin ware,
pewter, cotton, fngar, molafli:?, tobacco,
&c. &c. There arc upwards of 5Z paper
mills in the State ; and their annual pror
A\xA iit computed at 25,000 dolls. Since
the year 1770, 25 giinjwwdcr mills have
been crcdtcd. There are about 300,000
wool and fnr h.tts manufaclurfd atmually
in the State ; nearly one half of wliicli are
of fur. In the inanufadlurc of iron, p-'per,
picafure carriages, and cabinet work,
Pcnnfylvania txiceds not jmly New York,
but all her fifter States. Much cotton is
worked up in families; and imported
linen is now printed, in an incrcafinj; de-
gree. The n\anufa>5lurc4 of Pcimfylva-
nia have greatly incrt^fed wiiliiii a few
years, as well by mafler wcrkm'n Mid
joutneymfn fiom abroad, as by tlie 'kill
and indurtry of the natives. .Some pcr-
fone havt bctJiiii toprcfs oil from hickory
nuts. 1 he McfTrs. VIarnii>.IIi of Phila-
delphia, have commenced the niMking of
Glauber f^It,!fal animoniac, and vol-itile
falts; they alre.idv Cupply the wljolc U-
nion witii the lirft article, atHl export a
part of the others. A mill of Ruml'ny's
(the improvement of Barker's) j»car tlj.tt
city, grindsij^y-r'tcr, flour, chocpl/tc,
Inuff, liair-'powdvr, and .TmlV'l"^ ; ,fl><^"'
chocoLice jjtitij j»f^fsj^ai}^,fnt» tob.icc<»
• " ■ for
|i'
i'
HI
PEN
for 'lipwing and frrloaking ; and boltl
tiicr.i. The watcr-'n'orks near the falls of
Trrnton, which (jrind };rain, roll and Hit
iron, and pound plailier of Paris, exhibit
greit mcclianirm. Card maniifac^lorics
arc htely fct up. The hand machiues
for cardini; anrl fpinniiig cotton have
been introduced and Improved. Sir Rich-
ard Arkwrij^hi's famous water riiill for
fpiiiniii^ cotiun yarn has hren obtained ;
alfo the niscliiniTy to flivcr, tovc, and
fpia flax and licnip into tlirtad, ft for
linen of tliirty cuts tothf pound ; which
will alio ftrvc fi r the roving and fpinning
eonibed vool into worftcd yarn. Screws
Jtor paper inMIs are now cit fi-om folid
caft iron. Lrnitcrns for light houfts arc
'made by Mr. Wheeler of Philadelphia;
who alfo ciecut;'s work, for fugar mills
in the Wtft Indies: during the war he
made cannon from wrought iron. The
commerce of Pennfylvania with the eaft-
crn and fouth<'-';; States, is in ^reat part,
an exchangi.' ci flaple commodities. Wheat
flour and bar iron are expoired to New
England for whale oil and bone, fperma-
ccti, feal iTcins, nwckerel, cod lilb and
falmon, Rhode lil.ind and Connedlicut
cheefc- ; to South Carolina and Georgia
for live oak, cedar, cotton, rice, and indi-
go; lo North Carolina for tar, pitch, tur-
pentine, and lumber. Much of the trade
with the fouthern States arifcs from the
fuperiority of Pennfylvania in manufact-
ures and commerce. Great q[uantities of
deer ikins. with thofe of otters, racoons,
foxf-s, mufk rats, and beavers, are import-
ed from the back country. Virginia lends
agitat deal of wheat, and unmanufac-
tured tobacco. In return, fire receives
many articles of clothing, furniture,
farming utcnnis, tquipa^^e; Ibme Eafl In-
dia and European goods ; and even Weft
India produce ; of all thefe, more or lefs,
according to the local improvement and
fituation. Hats, faddlery, fliocs, windfor
chairs, Carriages, bewn ftones, iron cart-
ings for domeftic ufe, wheel tire, fpadcst
hoes, axes, paper, hooks, tin ware, and
bruflies, conftitute a great proportion of
the exports to the forfthWard. Nume-
rous droves of lean cattle come from the
weftern parts of thefe States, where they
have a wide rang*?, but want meadow.
Virginia fends coal,fl)me lead, and peach
hrandy. This liquor aKb comes from
Maryland; but from both in quantity
Vciy'fmall, contidering it« iraliie, and the
facility of rttifiing the fruit, Thecaftern
flwre of Mav^lmd fcada lo Philadelphia
ptn
^' cbhnderabie quantities of wheat, rtnfl ih-
dim corn : from the wellern comes the
kite-foot tobacco. The tradt with New
York depends chiefly ori the flud>uatiori
of the market. American and foreign
goods, of th» fame kinds^ are carried be-
tween the two capita^ cities, as tliert pri-
CCS fall and rife. Albany peas and craw
filb are, howeverj articles in regular de-
mand from New York; Great part of
Nd'.v Jeriey and Delaware State have, a<
neighbours, much int<-rcourfc with Penn-
fylvania. The firft fupports in a great
meafurc the mai-ket of Philadelphia, fur-
niihes rye meal, much Indian cofn and
lumber, and fomc iron bloomery : t'le
other fends great quantities of excclleni
flour from the mills of Brandywinc, lum-
ber fronvthe diftricl on the bay, and fu
cattle from the pafturcs adjoining Dela-
ware. Many of thefe, and of thofe fat-
tened in the vicinity of Philadelphia, arc
brought from the S ; and alfo from the
banks of Hudfon and COrtntaiciit Riv-
ers, as far as Vermoht and Maflacbufetts.
The Commerce of Pennfylvania, in the
W, is by the Ohio \vith l-ouifian,<,«nd by
the lakes with the Britifh dominions;
and both ways with the Indian tribes.
At prefcnt nearly the whole fortigrt toni-
merce h carried on by the port of Phila-
delphia. Its diftance fro*i the fca, and
its cloffng by ice in the winter, are dif-
advantages ; but the firft is leflened by
improved pilotage: the other by the con-
(Irudrion Of the piers below, and by thi*
occafional thaws which permit ■i'cficis tC
clear their way during the winter. Irt
common feafons the nsvigation is o'^ftruc'l-
ed fix weeks ; a flvorter pet if ' is as prob-
able as a longer; though i ft>me hard
winters, loads of wood have palled the'
river, near the city, in the firft days of
March. The amount of exports from
this State, m i8or,was 1-2,677,475 doll?.
The inhabitants are principally the de-
fcendants of Englifli, Irifli and Oct mans,
with fomc Scotch, Welch, Swede.?, and i
few Diitck. There are many of the IrilTi
and Germans who emigrated wiien young
or middle aged. The Friends and Fpifj
copalians are chiefly of Englilh extrac-
tion, and compofe about one third of the
inhahitantii. They live chiefly in the me-
tropolis, and in the counties of Chefter,
Philadelphia, Bucks and Montgomery.
ThehifharemoftlyPrcfliyteriansbutloRir
ate Roman Catholics ; their anceftors
came from the N of Ireland, which wai
latterly fettled from Scotland ; hence they
hravs
iiaVe bee
ito denote
habit the
iMid are
pofe aboi
of Pennfj
reus in tn
the count
«rjr, Bucl
and Nort
laft, and
They con!
wioft numc
ed Church
Mennonifti
who are a
«rc all difti
<nduflry,an
,cept theM
who ai s Gt
of emigrant
meroui. A
the national
lonu, religio
«!' thefe, «
«hara«5ler.
*n the State,
Prcibytcrian
'German JLuti
Je", S4f Epi
Komaa Cathi
»"»• 8, Mod
UniverfaKftg,
^'"». 3 or 4,
the whole am
'"'y, humam
fe numerou!
'• an univcrllt
'egei at Carlif
*on. The Epi,
St Yorktown
fo academies a
^ Waflu'ngton
«■ places; the
t'ons from tJjc
contributions t
«ture have alf
the public land
United Brethr
academies at B(
*'« beft eftablif
»»p« ia Ameri(
tne metropolis,
^ftcr, the Jarg
St«e«, Carliflef
Je^'em, Reading
J^^'fliington, &c
Jy the celebrate
"»e famous Adn
»e favourable ta
Voi. I.
1? E N
P£ K
«aVe been fom«tim« called Scotch Irifli,
ko denote their double dcfcent. Tliey in-
habit the weftern and frontier counties,
Mid are uumerous. The Germans cuin-
pofe about one qHartcr of the inhabitants
of Pennfylvania. They are moft nume-
rous in the N parts of the metropolis, and
the counties of Philadelphia, Montgom-
ery, Bucks, Oauphin, liancafier, York,
and Northampton ; moftly in the four
laf^i and are fpreadtng in other parts.
They confift of Lutherans (who are the
moO numerous (eA) Catviniftsor Reform-
ed Uhurch, Moravians, Romau Catholics,
Mennonifts, Tunkers, and Zwingfeltere,
who are a fpecies of Qiiakcrs. Thcfe
«rc all diftinguiflied for their temperance,
«ndu(try, and economy. The Baptids, ex-
^cept the Mennonids and 1'unker Baptifts,
who ai ; Germans, are chiefly defceudcd
of emigrants from Wjiles, and arc not nu-
Dierouii. A proportionate aflcmblage of
the national prejudices, tlie maunerj, cuf-
toms, religions xrnd political fentiments of
■II tbefe, will form the Pennfylvanian
charadlef. The number of congregations
in the State, in about the year 1790 was,
Prefbyterians, ib, Ge- man Ckltrinifts, 84,
'Cierman Lutherans, 84, Friends or Qua-
kers, 54, Epifcopalians, a6, Baptiftn, 15,
koman Catholics, I'l, Scotch Prefbyteri-
ans, 8, Moravians, 8, Free Quakers, i,
tJniverfalifts, I, Covenanters, 1, Mctho-
difts, 3 or 4, and a Jcwilli Synagogue ;
the whole amounting to 384. The lite-
rary, humane, and othei ufeful foctctics,
are numerous in Pennfylvania. There
is an uaivcrCty .it Pbiladelphia, and col-
leges at Carlille, Lancafier, and Wa/hing-
(on. The Epifcopaliansbave an academy
at Yorktown in York ca There are al>
fo academies at Germantowa.at Pictlburg,
at Wafliington, at Allen's Town, and oth-
er places ; thcfe are endowed by dona-
tions f^om the legiHature, and by liberal
contributions of individuals. Tne Icgif-
iature have alfo referved 60,000 acres of
the public lands for public fchools. The
tJnited Brethren, or Moravians, have
Academies at Bethlehem and Nazareth on
the bed cIlabliAiment of any fchools per-
liaps in America. Bcfides Fhihdelphia,
the metropolis, (he chief towns are, Lan-
caller, the larged inland town qf the U.
States, Carlifle, Pittfburg) Sunbury, Beth-
lehem, Reading, Yorktown, Harrifhtirg,
Wafliington, &c. Thin Slate was fettled
by the celebrated William Penn, fon of
the famous Admiral Penni in i68a. By
the favourable tarrav whicii Mr. Penn of-
Voi. 1. Huh
fered to the fettlcrs, and an unlimited tot'
cration of all religious denominations, the
population of the province was extremely
rapid. The proprietaries, after the rev-
olution, accepted of ;^ 130,000 from the
legiiiature, in lieu of all quit rents. They,
however, ftill poflefs in Pennfylvania ma-
ny large traAs of excellent land. The
prcfent conditution of this State was rat-
ified June I'ith, 1794. A convention, to
amend the conflitutiou, may be called
where a majority cf the people fliall lig-
nify tlieir wl.li for it. I'he expenfc of
the government of this State amounts to
£32,iSo annually. See Pbiladilfihia, for
an account o*' the cltports and imports of
the State, &c.
Feanytown, See Pennington.
PiHci/cot, a hay on the coaft of Hancock
CO. Maine, and called Nuromkga by the
firft difcoverer, is about 1 6 leagues wide
from Naikeag Point and Burnt Coat Tfl-
and, ou the ea(t to the point on which
ThomaAowa dands, on the W fide of the
bay* The chief iflands it entlofes are
Fox, Haut, Long and Deer lilands ; bc-
fides a number of fraall ifles, rocks and
ledges. Through .this bay to the tnouth
of the river of its name, the wellcrn chan-
nel goes up by a he^d bnd on the W call-
ed Owl'a Head, and between LoAg Idanift
on the W, and Cape Roller on the E to
Bagaducc Point. The caftern channel is
between Hautlll.Mid on the W, and Burnt
Coat iHand on the E,aud through a reach,
called Long Reach, formed by the fliore*
of NalTceag, or Sedwick, on the !E or N
E, and Deer Iftanas on the W or S W
till it unites with the other channel, be-
tween Point RoAcr and Long Ifland. Oli
a fine peninfuU on the H fide of the bay,
the Britilh built a fort &nd made a fettle-
ment which is now the tlvire town of the
county of Hancock, ?nd is a commodious
place for the lumber trade. Haut Idand,
or Ifle of Holt, lies in hit. 44 33 N, and
long. 68 10 W, and is the fouthcrnmoft
of the large ifles.
Penuhfctiy the noble river which emp«
ties its waters into the above defcribe4
bay, is the moll conHderable in the Dil'i
tridl of Maine, and riles by two branches
in the high l.mds. Between the fourcc
of the W fork, and its junclion with the
E, is Moofehcad Lake, 30 or 40 miJes
long, and 15 wide. The eaAern brancJ*
palies through fevcr.il fmallcr lakes.
From the Forks, as they are called, the
Pcnobfcot Indians pals to Canada, up
either branch, priucipally the W, tbc
I' ■■ «^^'
PEN
PEN
iburce of which, they taj, i» not more
than ao miles from the waters which
empty into the St. Lawrence. At the
Forks is a remarkable high mountain.
From thence down to Indian Old Town,
fituated on an ifl^nd in this rjvcr, is ahnut
63 miles, 40 of which the water flows in
a flill fmooth ftrcam, and in the whole
diftance there are no falls to interrupt
the paflage of boats. In thi* diftanre tht
river wideno and embraces a great num-
ber of 1 Hands. About 60 rods below In-
dian OW Town are the Great Falls,
where is a carry ifig-plac^ of about ao
ruds ; thence 12 niiles to t'l'-r head of the
tide there are no ^^Hs to ol)ftru<5t boats.
Veflels of 30 tons cc-ine within a rr.ile of
the head c»f the tide. Thence 35 miles
to the head of the bay, to the fcitc of
Old Fort Powqal, the river flows in a
pretty ftraight courfti and is eafiiy navi-
gated. Palling by MiiabagaJufe on the
E 7 miles, and OwlVHead ao miles fur-
ther, on the W, you cuter the ocean. It
is high water hrre, at full and change,
45 minutes pad: 10. At the entrance of
the river is to fathoms water. The In-
dians . have a communication from this
river to Scoodick River by a portage of
3 miles. This river was the weftcrn lini- !
it of Nova-Scotia or Acadia, by the trea- j
ty of Utrecht. There arc, within about >
so miles, more than 60 iflands great and [
fmall, making in the whole about la.ooo \
acres (fee Marfli's Idand.) Fifty-four of
thefe the Indians have rcfetved to their ,
own ufe.
Pinohfcot,* a poll town of Maine, on ,
the £ fide of the bay of its name in lat.
'44 24 N, 3 miles N by W of Blue-Hill,
141 N W of Portland, and 262 N by E
of Bodon. It is a port of entry, and car-
ries on a fmall trade in fifli ajid lumber.
The exports in 1794, ending Sept. 30,
amounted to 5,825 dollars. In Teb. 1796, '
it was divided irto two towns ;• the one
retaining the name Penobfcot, having
5)35 ishabitants, tiie other named Caf-
tine, which ice. \
Ptnolfcott, a fmall tribe of Indians who
live in Indian Old I'own, on h.n ifiaiid in .
Penobfcot Rivtr. Tliey avc^ that they '
have poflefled the iil.md, on which their ■
town fl.inds, 500 veais. It (lands juft '
above tli<c Grt;!t Fails, and conlifts of j
r^ibout joo acres of land, .Sec Indian Old I
fZcw/i I'l A former war, this tribe lof>
* 7bis r^f/iti/jirin eff/liei to tlit Utun at it
Jfatd lt/»fi in iinj/ita, in 1796. 1
their lands ; but at the commencement 0?
the laft (var, the Provincial Congrefs for-
bade any pcrfon fettling on the lands
from the head of the tide en Penobfcot
River, included in lines drawn fix milet
from the river on each fide ; that is, a
tradl la miles wide, intcrfe<Sled by the
middle of the riTcr. They, however,
confider that they have a right to hunt
and fifli as far as the mouth of the Bay
of Penobfrof extends. This was their
original ri;i^it, in oppofition to any other
tribe, and they now enjoy it.
Penfaecla Harbour and Town. The Har-
bour is on the N ihore of the Gulf of
Mexico, II leagBcs E of Port Lc*ris, and
Mobile, and 158 W of the illands of Tor-
tuga. It is a beautiful body of water,
fpariouo, and fafe from all winds, and ha»
4 fathoms water at its cntraiice, deepeu-
ing gradually to 7 or 8. The bar lies ii«
lat. 30 Tj* N, and long. 87 14 W, and
admits of veflels drawinjj no more thsn
11 feet water. The town of Penfacola
the capital of W. Florida, lying along the
l>each of the bay, is of an obTong form,
healthy and delightfully fituated, and is
about a mile in length, and a quarter of?.
mile in breadth. While in'poflcifrion of the
BritiHi it contained feveral hundred hab-
itations ; and many of the public buildings
and houfes were fpacious and elegant, The
governor's palace is a large ftone build-
ing, ornamented with a tower, built by
the Spauiards. Since this place has been
in pofleAion of the Spaniards it has been
on the decline. The exports from this
town, confiding of flcins, logwood, dying-
ftuffand filver dollars, amounted, while
in the iwfleflion of the Britifli, to £63,000
annually. The average value of imports,
for three years, from Great-Britain, wa»
;£97,ooo. The town and fort of Pcnfa-
cola furrendercd to the arms of Spain, m
the year 1781, and with them the who!«
province. The old fortifications ftoodou
fomc fand hills back rr :he city, too di(-
tant to yield any fubfhintiaJ protedlion.
The entrance into the bay is defended
by a fmall fort on the W end of Rolc'i
IlLind, and a battery on the main land
nearly oppofite. This harbour, and oth-
ers on this coaO, are infefted with worms,
in fuch degree as to ruin vcfieU in two
months, if care be not taken to prevent it.
[Hyttbins & Ellitui:.] Efcambia or Coe-
nccul'.
• Lat. 30 i?, X, Urg. 87 17 IV ^nm
Critniuii.1), £ilicolt>
;ticcuh River U the larg^d ftream wliich
falls into Penfacola Say. It admits fUal-
Jops fome miles up, and buats upwards
.of 50 miles. See Caenecub, appendix.
Pentceojl, an illand in the Arelipc/ago of
tie Great Cyclddet, which fee. It waa dii-
covcred by Bouganville, May az, 1768,
and named from the day, being the day
of Pentccoft, It is two leagues diftant
£rom Aurora Ifland, which is in 15 8 S
lat. and 165 58 £ lung, from Paris.
Penyco, a province of Mexico; fcparat-
cd from that of Angeles, or Tlafcala, on
the N by Tufpa River.
Pipchidiacbub, a point or head land on
tbe S fliore of the Great Bay of Chaleuts.
near the N JE extremity of the provinct
of New-Brunfwick.
Ptpin, a lake, or rather a dilatation of
the river Miflifippi, where it receives the
river Chippcway from the N E in lat, 44
_f N, and long 93 42 W, below the Falls
of St. Anthony.
Pf^relly a townflilp of Maflachufctts,
^n ilt« fc branch of Nafliaway River, and
•M the JM line of Middlefex co. It joins
Grpton on the 8 E, and is 40 miles N by
W of Bofton. U was incorporated in
I753>^i*d cuntain* 1^98 inhabitants.
Ptpptreil'orough, a townfliip in York CO.
Maine, on the N £ fidt ot Saco River,
near the mouth, and which fepsratcs it
from Biddeford to the S. A bank by the
name «>f S4C0 Bank vkm* eftabliflied lierc
in J 803. !t m ab-iut n miles S W of
Pcrtlat>d, 4«id loy N of Bofton. It h .ij
incorporated in 177a, and contains it.-i
inhabitants
Pfpifig'ji/itbt^ now called Netv-Catiyit,
is about _i leagues from Pafpibiac, un the
north fide of Chalcur Bay.
Pefftguiacb Paint, on the northern fv't
of Chalcur Bay, no»v called Pufpdiiac Poiui,
is about 3 leagues W N W of £aft Nou-
vitle. it is a barren plain that is nearly
a league in length. A very «xtcn(ive
jifliery is carried on here, for I'uch a fmaU
place.
Pipyi lllandi, the fame with Falkland
iflands, lie in lat. 47 S, 8 leagues E of
Cape Blanco, on the coafl cf Patag(mia.
\x. is commodious for taking in wood and
water, and provided with 9 harbour ca»
pable of holding looo fail of fliips ;
abounding with fowls aod great plenty
of fllll.
Ptquanaci, a townfliip of Morris co. N,
Jerfcy ; feparated from Bergen co. N by
jPejunnock River.
Pt^amiHi Punt a^d Rl^tr. The river
PER
is a fmall ftream which runs S through
the towns of Huntington and Stratford in
Fairfield co. Connetfticut, and empties in.
to a bay in the Sound where vcfi'cis ni.^y
anchor. The point forms the weflcrn
extremity of the bay, near which arc Ibme
rocks ; from tlicnct the outer bar ex-
tends N by N E. The point is j miles
S W of Stratford River.
PiqueJ'igeha<igum,ox Be,ir L'lh, the foure*
of A river of the fame n.Tnic which i j the
norlh-ealkrly branch «)f ivlaggakadawa.
River. The lake is of an irrcgjilar form,
about 3 miles long and % wide.
P^ramus, or Pframct, in Bergen co. N,
Jerlty, lies on thc.point of lanel formed by
the branches of Saddle River, a N branch
of PafTaik ; about 18 milts N of Bergen,
10 W of Tappan, and ai N W by N
of N. York.
Pcrcfe, VJfi, a fr.i; b. but remarkable
illand on tbe W lidc ^f the Gulf of St.
Lawtence, being a perpendicular rock,
pierced with two natural arches, through
wliich the fea flov»s. One of thefc arch-
es 13 fufliciently high to admit a large
boat to pafs freely through it. It is 15
miles fouth of Cape Gafpte. k is aflert-
ed that it was formerly iyincd to Mount
Job, which lies oppofite to it on the con-
tinent,
PerelpttPiy, a village in Morris co. N.
ferfey, on a branch of .PafTaik River, anj.
', i) •'.z% N of Morriflown.
/ v'v, an extenfive townfiilp in Graf-
toi. v.; N. Hampfliirc, watered by tl)e
fevtr.v' brunches of Upper AmonouJl'uck
Ri'. r, vnmued Why Nortimniberland,
< u Conncclicut River. It was incorpo-
Vii.cd ill I'TA. aneJ contaios 148 iuhab-
iiints.
Pira'i {o',it\.-tT an'' oay on thecoaflof
Weft-Horida. The inoutli of the river
is aoout 10 leagues r.ward of Mobile
Point, and 4 wcft-,i-anl uf the bar of Pen-
facola. The ei; raruc is narrow, with «
bar of fix feet, ta; '.erwarels it widens
coniiderably. 'I i..* was formerly the
boundary between Florida and Louifu*
na, dividing ti.e 1 rench and SpHnifli do-
minions, and i.^ ni v coniidered as the
caflern boundary of Louiliaua, as late<-
ly ctdtd to thr IJ-jitcd States. The
river Orttches in nii place N E, where ic
goes within a mile oi'tht great lagoon \V
of the entrance of Penfacula harbour.
Hutcbint,
Peril IJlaml or Conf.ant'vn Peres, on the
coaft of Chili, S. Amerit„. It is oppofite
to Port Coral. Ou tluii illand it a fort
calkil
in
Pin
■I'/f
I
I
I!
PER
t*.ied Maaferg, and en the back of the
ifland there is an entrance fpr boats into
the harbour of Baldivia.
Pirica, three iHands in the bay of Pa-
irama, S. America, which give fliclter to
fliips out of the command of the town of
fanama.
Feiltat IJIantti^ on the Spanifli Main,
coaft of S. America, 3 leagues W of Cu-
mana Bay.
Piriins, Port, Hc3 on the S \V of Wafli-
jngton's Ide, on the N W coaft of N.
America. See M'^gces Sound.
PerUnfcniiitlr in Amelia co. Virginia.
Here is a port oflice 19* milss from
Wafliington.
Perlican, Old, an indlfFtrent fhip toad
■with rocky grcund on the E coaft 01 New-
foundland Iliand, Z leagues S W by S of
Sreak Heart Point. Khcrwick is the
Dame of its N point.
Perlican, New, a noted harbour on the
E coaft of Newfoundland Ifland,8 leagues
W S W of Old Perlican, and 5 leagues
from Random Head. It has a wide and
fafe entrance, and fliips may ride in it
landlocked from all winds in from 10 to
5 fathoms water,
Pernambtiee, a captainship in the N di-
Tifion of Brazil. Chief town Olinda.
Pernamhuco, or Phftnamiucrt, ollierwife
called Panambnco, a place of contiderable
trade on the F. coaft of Brazil, having a
bay or harbour of the fame name, be-
tween Paraib-'' on the N, and Cape St,
Auguftine o« tiic S, in lat, 8 S, and long.
3J W, Provifions and other articles ate
brought hitlier from Para, and from
hence great quantities of tobacco arc
fent to Etfropc,
Ptrnambuco, a river on the coaft of Bra-
ail, S. America, S of Tamcrica Ifland, It
is blocked up with fand ; and fhips enter
it from the N, at the entrance of the
Receif harbour, 3 leagues from it. S lat.
% 30, W leng, 35 7.
Ptrpttua, Cirf', on the N W coaft of
N. America. N lat. 44 6, W long. 134
S. Variation of the cojnpafs in the year
1779. »7 50 E.
PerquimtHs, a co. of Edenton diftriA,
N. Carolina, bonndcd W by Chowan co.
and E by Pafquot.mk, from which laft it
is feparated by the river Palquotank, a
water of Albtnurlc Sound. It contains
5,609 inhabitants, of whwm 1,980 are
fiaves,
Ptrfon, a CO, in Hillftxirough diftrid,
N. Carolina, The court houfe, where a
po(l ofBce is kept, is a6 miles N of Hillf-
PER
borough, and 34 H of Cafwell New Cottrt-
Houfe, It contains 6,40 inhabitants]^
zfiii ate flavcs.
Pertb-Amioy, a city of N, Jerfey, pleaf.|
antly fituated in Middlefez co. nt the
head of Rariton Bay, an4 ftands on a
neck of land included between Rariton
River and Arthur Kull Sound. Its fcite-
is high and healthy. It lies open to San-
dy-Hook, and has one of the bcft har-
bours on the continent, VcfTcls from fea
may enter it in one tide, in almoft any
weather. It is a port of entry and poft
town ; but although it is admirably fitti-
atcd for trade, and the Icgiflature has
given every encourageniem to induce
merchants to fettle here, it is far from
being in a flourilhing ftate. It contains
about (,o houfcs, and carries on a fmall
trade to the W. Indies, Its exports for
a year, ending 30th Sept. 1794, were to
the vahie of 58,159 dollars. It is ^g
nsilcs S W of N. York, and 74 N E of
Philadelphia, N lat, 40 $$» W long. 74
SO.
Pint, a port town of N. York, in Clin-
ton CO. OH the W iide af Lake Cliamplain,
It was taken from the towns of Piattf'
buT<.; and Willfburg, and incorporated in
1792, It is an excellent tradl of land.,
and fettling faft. It has 1,347 inhabit-,
ants,
Peru, a diftricl of S, America, about
1800 miles in length, and about 500 in
breadth , bounded \V by the S. Pacific
Ocean ; E by the Cordillera dc los An-
des, or Mountains of Andes, which fep-
arate it from the country of Amaxoni;*
and Paraguay ; N by Terra Pirma, from
which it i« divided by the equator ; au4
the 25th degree of S latitude feparatcs it
f.'om Chili and La Plata on the S, It
lies between 60 and 8r W long, and i*
fubdivided into the prowoce» of Quito,
Lima, and Los Charcos, The chief towns
are Quito, PaytH, Lima Gufco, Potofi
and Porco. From the t^'iation of this
country, which is within the torrid zone,
it is natural to siippofc that it would be
almoft uninhabitable ; but the Andes
Mountains being on the one fide, and the
9. Sea on the other, it is not io hot as
tropical countries in general art ; and in
fome parts it is difagreeably cold. In
one part are mo'jntains of a ftupcndous
height and magnitude, having their fum-
mils covered with fnow ; on the other,
more than 16 volcanoes flaming vithin,
while their I'ummits, chafms and aper-
tures arc involved in ice. Tkc plain*
ari
ftn temp
dot; and
tion of the
lioih we fn
pT tcmperai
of heat and
in fome pla
fe£t is fupp
■ight, and i
table creati(
prodigious
ttorms of th
inland parts
the rivers, tl
but along t
fand, Vaft
ported by tli
they took p
thcle are no^
wild and ar
country pro<
climate and
The culture «
cotton, which
has not been r
barley, caflav;
plive and vin<
has thriven i
have degenera
come extremel
parts of Peru i
thofeoffilvers
try, particular
Potofi. Natur
ity of niankint
flobe, fuch rie
'befc famous
difcovered in t
Ber: An India
following fome
h up the hill (
«"ggy part of
enable him to
flirub, which c
laid open a ma
fome time kept
revealed it to I
^aufe he wou
method of refi;
Spaniard his m
with the difcov?
th? mine in 154
«•" 1638 thefe n
*<* 3951619,000 ]
about 4,»55,ooo
about 20 or 25 !
La Plata. TJie 1
for a conflderabh
^"ren and delar
*fte, jjlapt nor ht
^ E R.
PER
$vc temp* .c beaches and Tallies |
bot ; and , according to the difpofi- '
tion of the .uuntry, its high or Inw fitua- ,
tioi*, we f nd all the variety of gradations
pf temperature between the two extremes
of heat and cold. It is remarkable, tliat \
in fome places it never rains, which de- i
feA is fupplied by a dew that falls every j
night, and fufficiently rcfreflies the vegc- ;
table creation ; but in Quito they have [
prodigious rains, attended by d.-<.<jdfiil |
ftorms of thunder and lii^htning. In the i
inland parts of Peru, and by the banks of i
the rivers, the foi! is ufualiy very fertile; '
but along the fca-coaft, it is a barr-n I
fand. Vaft numbers of cattle were im- j
ported by the Spaniards into Peru, when I
they took poireffion of that country ;
thcie are now fo increafed, that they run j
wild and arc hunted like game. This j
country produces fruits peculiar to the i
climate and moll of tiiofe in £>irope. i
The culture of maize, of pimento and of j
cotton, which was found ellabliflied there, ;
has not been negle<fted; and that of wheat, ;
barley, cafl'ava, potatoes, lugar, and of the |
olive and vine is attended to. The goat {
has thriven very well ; but the fliecp |
have degenerated, and their wool is be- ;
come extremely coarfe. In the northern
parts of Peru are feveral gold mints ; bv t
thofe of filver are found ail over the coun- i
try, particularly in the neighbourhood of
Potofi. Nature never offered to tiie avid-
ity of mankind, in any country on the
?lobe, fuch rich mines as thofe of Potofi. |
"befc famous mines were accidentally j
difcovcred in the year 1545, in this man- |
ner : An Indian, named Hualpa, one day i
jfollowing fome deer, which made dire<fl- |
iy up the hill of Potoli, came to a ftecp I
craggy part of the hill, and the better to
enable him to climb up, laid hold of a
flirub, which came up by the roots, and
hid open a mafs of lilver ore. He for
iibme time kept it a fecret, but afterwards
revealed it to his friend Guanca, who,
^caufe he would not difcovcr to him the I
method of refining it, acquainted the
Spaniard his maft^r, named Valaroel, I
with the difcovcry. Valaroel regifiered j
ths mine in 1545 ; and from that time (
till 1638 thefe mines of Potofi had yield- i
*d 395,619,000 pieces of eight, which is ,
about 4j»j5,ooo pieces a year. Potofi is
about 20 or 25 league? tro.\ the city of i
La Plata. I'he hill, and <ii'o rhe country ,
for a €Onfiderable diftanre ; mnd, is quite ;
barren and del'art, and produce? neither
Kee, y;la|it nor herb, fu that the ishabit- !
ants of Potofi, which is fituated at the
foot of the hill, on the S fide, arc obliged
to procure all the neceflarics of life from
Peru. Thefe mines begin to decreafc,
and others rife in reputation. It is impof-
fible to afcertain with any degree of prc-
cifion the number of inhabitants in Peru.
The city of Lima is faid to contain 54,000 ;
Guagaquill, 40,000; Potofi, 25,000 ; La
Pas, ao.oco, and Cufco, 36,000. Among
all the inhabitants of Peru, pride and !»•
zinefs are faid to be the moft predo'ni-
nant pillions. Avarice may like wife b«
attributed to fome of them with a great
deal of propriety. There is very little
commei ^e in this fine countrv, except iii
the cities and large towns, which are dc-
fcribed under their refpeiltive names.
The chief manufaiflures are carried on
by the Indians ; thefe oonfifl chietly of
leather, woollen and cotton fluffs, and
earthen ware ; in the fabrication of
which, they arc faid to be peculiarly in-
genious. The Indians and negrcies aie
forbidden, nnder the fcvereft penahic"*, to
intermarry ; for divifiun between thrfe
two clafles, is the, great inftrument, in
which the Spaniards truft for the prefer-
vation of the colonies. Peru is govern-
ed by a viceroy, who is abfolutc ; but it
being impoflible for him to fuperintend
the whole extent of his government, he
delegates a part of his authority to the
feveral audiences and courts, cftabliflicd
at different places throughout his territo-
ries. At Lima there is a treafury f ourt
for receiving a fifth of the mine?, and cer-
tain taxes paid by the Indians, \/hich bi:-
long to the king of bpain. There arc
certain waters in this country, which in
their courfe turn into ftonc ; and foun-
tains of liquid matter, called cnppry, r.^-
fcmbling pitch and tar, and ulcd by Icj-
mcn for the fame pnrpofe. On the coslln
of Guagaqnill and Guatimala are found
a certain fpecies of fnaiis, which yi( Id
the purpie dye fo ccli'nrated by the an-
cients, and which the moderns have fiii>-
pofcd to have been loff. The Ihcll th,4t
contains them ii fixed to rucks, watered
by the fca. It is of the fize of a larj^r.
nut. Various methods are ufcd to (\-
tradl tUe purple matter from the animul.
I There is no colour that can be compan-nl
j to thi:-, either in luflrc or permanrnii-.
Here is .Kb found a new fulittancc calltU
the PUtina, and which may be coolidtr-
ed as an figtii metal. In its native (i-tsc
it is mixed with gold and iron, and tliis
at Jiifl giyc rlfir ic a j'af^iition t\\M it w^g
sucliiijg
■5 ,
4 f
■ K
.'ia#
M:
I
ir,
11
'%
m
PET
nothing more than a combination of there
two metals ; but late experiments of ehym-
i(h fully prove, that it is a pure and Sim-
ple metal, with properties peculiar to it-
feir. It cannot be afFedcd by any fim-
plc acid, or by any known foivcnt, ex-
ccpt the aqua regia ; it will not tarnifli
in the air, neither will it rufl ; it unites
to the fixednefs of gold, and to the prop-
erty it has of not being fufceptible of de-
nru<ftion, a hardnefs almod equal to that
of iron, and a much greater diffitulty of
fuiion. It is of an intermediate colour,
between that of iron and filvcr ; it can
he forged and extended into thin plates ;
and when dilTolved in aqua regia, it mny
be made to afi'timc, by prtcipitatio:* an
infinite divcrfity of colours ; and Cuuut
^ilby has fuccceded in varying thcfe
precipitates fo much, that he has a pic-
ture painted, in the colouring of which
there is fcarce any thing but platina
made ufe of, L'pon the whole, from ron-
fidering the adv: itagesof the plat'm.i,we
cannot but conclude that thi^ metal de-
ferves, at leaf!, from its fupcriority to all
others, to fhate the title of king of met-
als, of which gold has To long been in pof-
feflion. The Peruvian bark, fo famous
at prefent for curing intermittent fevers,
is likewife found here. The tree from
which it is taken grows upon the Hope
of mountains, and is about the iise of a
common «herry-tree. ' It is diflinguiflied
into three kinds ; the red, yellow, and
the white ; but tlie red is found to be
the beft and moft efficacious. The Jefu-
its carried this bark to Rome as early as
1639; but the natives are fuppofed to
have been acquainted w*th its medicinal
qualities many ages before.
Peruvlani, the aboriginal inhabitar.tsof
Peru, in S, America, who were the moft
civ'Iizcd of any Indians on the continent.
} ■•fumji>it, a river of Cumberland co.
J*y1yme, al'out ao miles in winding courfe
it carries offthe furplus water of Sthacook
I*<>n J into the fca in Portland bay.
Petagucl, a territory of S. America, in
Brazil, bounded N by Dele ; E by the S.
Atlai-iic Oeean ; S by the captainHiip of
Rio Grande ; and W by Tupuy. It con-
tains mines of filver.
Pitafa^ pnc of tlic pleafanteft towns of
Guatimala, in New Spain, fituuted at t!ic
weftcrn extremity of the valley of Mexi-
co, 25 miles S E of Guatimala. There is
a rich fugar plantation in its viciuity.
P*tatventaias,an Indian nation former-
]y in alliance with the Horons.
PET
Piter's Saui, St. a large fiiliing greund
off the S end of Newfoundland llland,
and extends from Cape Ra«r to St. Peter's
Ifland, oppoCte Placentia, St. Mary and
TrcpaiTy Bays. It is lat. i^ in breadtii
on the W fide. jFrom St. Peter's llland
it decreafes as it approaches Race Point.
It lies W of the Great Uank, and has on
the S at a coufiderable diftance, Green and
Whale Banks, which are among the fmall-
eft on the coaK. It has 45 to 30 fathoms
water on it.
Pcur't Bay, St. on the S coafl: of Cape
Breton iHaod, having St. Peter's llland at'
its mouth.
Pctct's Fort, St. on the ifland of Marti-
nico, in the Weft ladies. N lat. 14 44,
W long. 61 41.
P.'tir't Harbour, St. on the N coaft of
the ifland of St. John's, in the Gulf of St.
Lawrence, about 8 leagues W of E. Point.
Peter't Haven, St. on the E coaft of
Labrador, lies round the S £ point of Sa>
del Bay. N lat. 56 30, W long. 60 42.
fetn't IJlanii, a fmall ille on the W coaft
of St. John's liland, near to, and N by W
of Governor's llland, in the narrowcl^
part of the Strait between New firunf-
wick and St. John's Illan<J.
Petit t Tfland, St. or 1$/. Pierrtt, on the
S coaft of Newfoundland Kland, lies S S
W of the S E point of Fortune Bay, and
near to, and S E of the S point of Mique-
lon Ifland. N lat. 46 46, W long. 56 17.
Peters, St. one of the Virgin lllcs, in the
Weft Indies, dependant on Virgin Gorda.
Pettr'; St. a harbour at the W end of
Sydney or Cape Breton Ifland, is a very
commodious place for carrying ou the
fifliery.
Peier*s, St. a town at the fouthcrn ex-
tremity of Cape Breton Ifland. It ftand*
on an ifthmus about half a mile bruad,
which feparates tbe harbour of St. Peter
from the great lake of that name, alfo
called Lake Labrador. U is about 10
miles N E of Point Touloufe. To this
harbour vcflels of the greateft burden cau
come with fafety. Before the AmcricAn
revolution, a great fiflrery was carried on
here.
Peter, Lake Sl a pari of St. Lawrence
River, into which empty from the S and
E Sortl River from L»kc Champlain, tlie
river St. Francis, and Ibme fmallcr rivers,
from the N W. The Maiquinonge, Oma-
chis, &c. enter the lake. The centre of
the lake h 68 miles above Quebec, and
105 N E of Kinjftonj at the tiiouth ot
Lake Ontaiioi
Peter' r
Pstfr's
M Sufquc
«nd Harri
P*Urs,
rador, abc
ficliflc, in
Peter, Si
bottom df
branches f
The bar at
admits fmi
from %l to
food aneht
Peter's, S
Beaufort di
Peter's, S
the northwi
River, whi(
N, and lonj
places name
Peters, nu
fylvania, ha'
Peteritrcki
•»«h CO. N.
fated in 176
itanii. It is
•nouth, x8 \
Keene. In t
hie grift milJi
mills and cloi
Peter/hiirg, j
Rcnflelacr w
incorporated
habitant J.
. ^l*"'jP"trg,i
«" Vork CO.
^•"v'. It CO,
ehurch, aad
miles S W of
'«gton, and i
Pcterjiurg, ;
♦ituated in W(
Kentucky Rj
^-"iiigton, nn
It has a loliac
"welling Inuift
P'teijiurg, a
» place of eoni
•'e CO, r,n th«
River, juQ bcl<
• o« Hii hmoii
hniifts, iiicgu)
fourch, court (
MsfoHi haJl i
'here arc are fc*
"o><-< of dry g
*"«l tomn^iodio
town is a corno
'fttvillagcofBlH
'•^- audPtt^vha
PMri Mi,Utttain, in PennfylvaBU, Ilei
M Sufquehanoah River, between Halifax
•nd Harrilburg, in Dauphin county.
PtUri, St. a river on tlie coad of Lab-
rador, about 4 iMgues from the illand of
Beliflc, in the ftraits of that name.
Ptter, St. and St. Pault a river at the
bottom df the gulf of Camptachy. Its
branches form an ifland called l'abi\fco.
The bar at the mouth of the eaAem branch
admits fmall v^els. At flood there is
from %\ to 5 fathoms water, and very
good anchorage within the bar.
Fetert, St. a parffli of S. CaroUna,in
Beaufort diQri<£t
Pettr't, St. a river of Louifiana, one of
the northwedern branches of Miflilippi
River, which it joins in lat. about 45 6
N, and long. 94 »a W.— JV. B. For other
places named Peter or Peter's, fee Phrrt.
Pttert, a townflitp of Franklin co. Penn-
fylvania, having 1,749 inhabitants.
Ptteritrougb, a pod town in Hillfbor-
•ugh CO. N. Hampfhire. It was incorpo-
rated in 1760, and contains 1,333 inhab-
itants. It is 73 miles W by 8 of Portf-
mouth, x8 wefteriy of Amharft, 16 E of
Keene. In this town are the mod Valua-
ble grid mills, faw mills, oil mills, paper
mills and clothiers' mills in the State.
Peterjhurgt a townfliip of New York, in
Renffelaer to. E of the village of Troy,
incorporated in 1793. It has 4,3 2» in-
habitants.
Peterjburg, a port town of Pcnnfylvania,
ia York co. a miles N of the Mi*ryland
line. It contains a Roman Catholic
church, and about 80 houfes. It is 25
miles S W of Yorktown, 59 N of Wafli-
Jngton, and 113 W by S of Philadelphia.
Peterjburg, a fmall town of Kentucky,
fituated in Woodford co. on the E fide of
Kentucky River, 19 miles W S W of
I.exiiigfon, nnd IJ 8 S E of Frankfort.
U has a loliacro wure houlV, und a few
dwelling hdulls,
Pcteijiurg, a f oft town of Virginia, aixl
a pkicG of confldrralilr li4tU, In Diiwvtd
«lic CO, r)U the H K bank of Appanwtox
River, juQ below the falls, about 15 milts
S of Hii Innond. It contains about 400
honfts, iiicgularly built, an cpifcopal
church, court lioufe and gaol. The Free
Msfon'i hall is a handfome building ;
there are are Pe'vcral tobacco ware houfes,
ftores of dry got>ds, and fome few ntat
and tomrriodions dwelling houfes. Thin
town is a corporation, and ct>n»prchcnd»
the villagcof B!andford,in Pi ince George's
•■0. and PtfwhaiaK it\ Chc(l«rft-li co. on
:^ E T
the oppoQte iide of the river. It contain-
ed in 1790, 4,828 inhabitants, including
1,265 flaves. The fituation of the town
is low and rather unhealthy. From the
infpetStor's books it appears, that on an
average for the to years preceding 1796,
the quantity received here has confider-
ably exceeded aopoo hhds. per annum ;
and for the lad three years the quantity
of flour made in this town and within an
hundred yards of it, has exceeded 38,000
b.irrels ; at other mills within a few mile*
16,000 barrels per annum ; to this add
the flour made at the feveral country
mills, ^nd brought to this place for falc,
the whole quantity may fafcly be dated
to exceed 60,000 barrels per annum.
The whole exports of this town, valued
at the ufual peace prices, amount to
1,389,300 dolls, befldes the value of peach
and apple brandy, whilkcy, &c. not in-
cluded. The Indian princcfs, Pocahon*
tas, the daughter of king Powhatan, fron*
whom defcended the Randolph and Bow-
ling families, formerly relidcd at this
place. It is 80 miles W by N of Norfolk,
159 S by W of Alexandria, and 303 S W
by S of Philadclpliia. N lat. 37 14, W
long. 78 8.
Pfttrjiurg, a very dourifliing pod town
of Georgia, in Elbert co. in a plcafant
and healthful fituation, en the point of
land formed by the confluence of Broid
with Savannah River. Several refpc<Sta-
ble merchants are fettled in this town. It
is 15 miles fiom Elherton, io N by E of
Wafliington, 50 above Ai^guda, 7,^ N of
Louifvifie, and 836 from Philadelphia.
N lat. 33 46, W long. 81 yi.
Pdtrfiam, a pleaCint pod town in Wor-
cefler co. Maflachnfetts, formerly called
bv the Indians Nkhcu-aig t 28 miles N
W of Worccder, and 66 W of Bofton.
Swift River, a branch ot Chick^pec Riv-
er, paflcs thro\ijih this town. The foil ig
rich, Hud here arc large and cxcellcut
oiilurdi. luhabitints 1794-
Pttit Anfe, a villaoe on the 1* fide of
the irtand of St. Domingo, 2h leagues S
ot" Cipe Francois.
Pitti Coat, a pod 8 nr V miles up the
MilTouri, where i.^ » fiuall garrifon, and
A circumjacent militia ot about 80.
PfiiiitJkii, a river which falls into an
arm ol t!ie Bay of Fundy, railed Ohcg-
neclo Channel. The Uicli<ns have a
communication from the head of it with
St. Jolm's River, by a portage aciofs to
the head of Kcnntbecfn'.?.
Pitit-G>«/rc, »r the LittU W/Zirffnol, m
Mii&rippi
4.V;|
PET
Pitt
Ati/TifippL Rircr, is .'^i mileit from Fort
Kofalie.and 4 mile* from Bayou k Pierre,
•r Stony River.
Pttit-Guava, or Goave, » juriftliifUon,
town, and bay, on the N coaft of the S.
pcninfula of the ifland of St. Domingo,
and near the head of the Bay or Bite of
lieogane. The jurifdidlion contains five
parilhes, and is the unhealthieft place in
the colony, the inhabitants being con-
ftantly fubjcdk to fevers, occaftoned by
the badnefs of the waters. Its depen-
dencies, however, are heahhy, and are
remarkable for the culture of cofTee. Its
exports from January t, 1789, to Decem-
ber 31, of the fame year, where 97,090 lb.
■white fugar — 655,187 lb< brown fugar —
207,865 lb. cofTee— 50,053 ll)w cotton, and
aio lb. indiga The value of duties on
exportation of the above, was 4,ti7 dol-
lars 97 cents. The town lies on the £
fide of the bay, af leagues weftward of
Grand Guave, and Z4i W by S of Port-
au-Prince. N lat. 18 27, W long, from
Paris 75 14. Some writers call the great
bay, which is commonly called the Bay,
Bight, or Bite of Leogane, by the name
of Petit Guaves.
Petit Port, on the W fide of Newfound-
land Ifland towards the S end, is about sh
leagues N of Cape Ray, and one S of An-
guillc Cape. N lat. 47 5* 30, W long.
Petit Pert, on the coaft of Peru, other-
tttrift called Portete, Of Little Port, lies a
fliort way N of the equator, and about 5
leagues S £ within the b>)y fiom Cape
Francis to Cape Paflado on the S by VT.
There U anchorage in 5 fathoms, and
plenty of fredi water nenr the head land,
whicb is high. It i« ntre Jary to found,
en account of the Cind-haulcs, called the
Portetes.
Petit Terre Jfland, near IXTcada, Weft-
Indies. N lat. 16 14, W long, 61 n.
Petite Riviere, a fmall town in the
French part of the ifland of St. Domingo,
clofc to the Spanifli divifion line i\ leagues
N by N W ot Varette», and feparated
Uom it by tlie river Artibonite ; ten
Icatfucs E iiv N of St. Marc, and as far
14 W of Mi'reb^lais. N l;tt. 19 8.
Petit Trou, is en th^ N lide «f the S
peninfiila of St. Domingo, on the point ol
land which forms the K liJc of the en-
trance into the li.iy of Baradaires : 4'
leagues W of Atilc a Veau, and 1 9 L ol
Jeremie.
Petit Trou, a fmall cove on the S fide
•,i titc i^ivA of Ui. I'tJinin^o, S by W
of the mouth of Neybe River, sdd about
5 leagues N £ of Beate Ifland. Small
barks come to this place from St. Domin-
go city, to fetch the meat, lard, and fowlt
derived from the chafe.
Peilgnottiiig, a river of the State of Ohio,
whieh empties into Lake Erie, from the
S, near Huron River.
PeyttHjiurg, the chief town of Halifat
CO. Virginia, having a court houfe and 5
or 6 other houfes, tnree of which are or-
dinaries or taverns. Here is a poll office.
Pbilps, a townfhipl in Ontario co. New
York, N of Geneva, on Canandartiua
Creek. It has 1,097 inhabitants, llie
village of Lyons is in this townfliip, which
fee.
PbHadelpbta, a townfhip in Rutland co.
Vermont, 15 miles E of Orwell, having
113 inhabitants.
Pbiladelpbiai a populous and highly cul-
tivated CO. of Pennfylvania, bounded W
by Delaware co. N W by Montgomery ;
N B by Poquafin Creek, which feparates
it from Buck's co. and S and S £ by the
river Delaware, which divides it from the
State of New Jerfey. It contains about
89,600 acres, and is divided into 18 town-
fhips, and contains 81,009 inhabitants.
On the banks of Schuylkill, in this co. is
ain excellent quarry of marble,from which
the nooc-cutters of Philad^hia ate fup-
plicd.
Pbiladelphia, the metropolis of Pennfyl-
vania, is fituated in the county to which
it gives name, on the weftern bank of the
river Delaware* which is here a mile
broad. It lies in lat. 39 56 54 N, and long.
75 8 45 W from London ; diftant about
no miles from the Atlantic Ocean, by
the courfc of the bay and river, aud
about s$ or 60 in a S £ diretEtion. A
74 gun fhip can come up to this city ;
ilaops go 35 miles farther to Tren-
ton ; and boats that carry 8 or 9 tons can
go 100 miles farther up the Delaware.
It was laid out by William Peun, the firft
proprietary and founder of the province,
in the year 1683, and fettled by a colony
from England, which arrived ia that and
the preceding years, and was increafed
by a conAant and regular influx of for-
eigners, to fo great a degree, that iu left
than a century, and within the life time of
the firft pci Ion born within it of European
l^ai ents, it was computed to contain 6,000
iioufci!, and 40,000 inhabitants, in the
city and fuburbs. The ground plot of
tijt city \i ail oblong Iquare, abaut one
ruile N aud i aud twu fi and W, lying in
the
the narrow
«he Dc/aw
S mild ill
flucnce.
ilcmciit, I
Jroiits on ti
provi-a for
navlji;ition,
cjcrtntl erac
til tKev vvoi
exieiidiivr f
found that 1
fiifli< icat 1(1
Tile biiildiii
txccedijijr _^
and ill tlic'i
reach a mile
c'ty is inter
fti"eet«, croOii
Of tlicic thir
extcndtrd fr(
Schuylkill; t(
"ini; N atul S
cept Hi,(.|| ft
trees firit tour
arrival in the c
Mulberry, Cli,
and Cedar; v
hoiiudarv of t
ning N 'and S
their numerica
ware River; F
and fo on to 7
numerical ord
front, and ht;
fnmc order, as P
flreet, !><,tween
ftrcet, is liroHd
Y^ng the widcf
Der of fqiures i
i^^; but as fev(
lately been inte
their number no
frvcr'al of tljefe ,
'^"cs and alleys.
^^'rf«--; High lire
«'id the other (h
50 feet wide.
P;<ved with neat
niAed with conn
Jothatthellreets;
clean and neat.
)eady nicntiotied
""f laid iUvfn ,',
)^ater, Dodc, Ch
Water ftrcet i, 01,
''."d. from xh^li,
»'e Dock, to Pi,
^''''rre of the Dda
«'ia Front flrct
VjL. I.
ennfyl-
wliich
of the
mile
long.
about
an, by
aud
. A
city ;
Tien-
ons can
lawarc.
thefirft
ovincei
colony
A at and
creafed
of for-
: in kf»
time of
iropeati
n 6,000
ill the
plot of
lUt one
llyinR '"
f' tie
? H 1
iUe narrowcfl p.irt of the ifth'.nin between
the Delaware *n(l Scfiuylkill rivers, about
5 mile* ia a ri;;lit line a'lovc their con-
fluence. Ill tlic bc(»ini)in^ of this fct-
tlemeiit, It \\m cxijct'lcd tliat the
lioiits on both rivcr< w^u! i be firft im-
proved for the convenience of trade and
navit^ation, mid I bit the bu'ldingi vvduld
cxrtncl jjradujlly in the rear of tach, un-
til tliev would meet and f<irm one cinvii,
exiendin,'; from P. lo W. But it was foiui
found that the Uc.lA^v.trc (root was alone
fufliiicilt lor qiMVH and landintj places
The biiildin;;s ii'xv oeciipy a r;ia' e noc
txcce'linj; t, mile-; in length frum N to ."i,
and ill tin- rnon: i-xtemlid [lart do not
reach a mile tr.im the Delaware. Th^'
city is intcrfcCted by a grcai iiijnihi.T of
fli-ect«, crnfTni;^ t-ieh other at ri^jhr aii.t;'^'!
Of thcl't there were orisjinally '), which
extended from the Delaw.irc to the
Schuylkill ; thcfe wrre crofTed by 25, run-
iiini» N and S. The E and VV fireefs ex-
cept Hi_nli flrcet, are named aft^r the
trees fiirll found by the colony on theit
arrival in the country, viz. Vine. SalFifras,
Mulberry, Chefnut, Walnut, Spruce, Fine,
and Cedar ; which lad is the fouchcm
boundary of the city. The I'irteis run-
ning N and S receive their names from
their numerical order, beginning at Dela-
ware River; Fr<mt is fir/i, then S^rom/,
and fo on to Thirtiexth (Ireet, whence the
numerical order ccafen from Delaware
front, and begins at Schuylkill in the
fame order, as Firft, Second, &c to Eighth
ftreet, bit ween which and Thirteenth
flreet, is Broad ftreet, fo named from its
being the widcft in the city, 'i'he nu.11-
ber of fquares in tile original plan was
ii?4; but as feveral of the fquares have
lately been intcrfeiflcd by new ftreets,
their number now amounts to ,^04 ; and
frvcral of thcfe are again interfeifitcd by
l:4nes and alleys. Broad flreet is 113 I'ei.t
wide; High llrcet loo; Mullierry, 60;
^lul the other (krtets in the original plan
50 feet wide. Moft of the city is wt!|
paved with neat foot path* of liritk, fur-
nilhed with common fewers and v>utters;
lb that the (tree! s a re, in {general, ke;U very \\
clean and neat, fiefides tht flrtcts al- ♦!
feady mentioned, there are fev(fi:il others li
not laid down in the orij^in.il plan, as !!
VVatcr, Dock, Cherry, Penn, I'runc, &c. ij
Water flreet is only 30 feet wide, and tx i|
t(;nd« from th;; Northern Liberties arrofs I
die Dock, to Pine Itreet, pvrallel to iht j|
CDtirfe of the Delaware, and between it j|
and Front ftreet. The (pace occi.ipii.d ■!
VjL. I. U j
PHI
I by it w.13 intended, in the crig'n.il plan,
I to ferve only as a cart way to ^.ccommo-
I date the wharves and ftores, fo that the
I river (hould be open to the vifv froTi
Froiit (Ireet. It is now built wi'li lofty
houfe.; (except a very lew va:ancie« here
and rh' re) throti^hoiir the while front,
and roin;noJious uharvrs are extruded
iiro tlie river, at which the lii-yell ihips
ihat iile the port cm I'e in falciy, to re-
ceive and dil.-harj^': their cary/iej ; and
ire dcfeiidcd iroiu the ice, in winter, by
the pitrs, in:ide of logs, txtviiding into
the river, fnnk withflrne, and llihJ with
earth, Co m to be e-'pi i"y fi' iii with the
Mniii land. Dock flr(.-t was to'-incrlv a
Iwanip, with a fniall flrcain runiiiiiu
thr'Migh llie middle of it. It i* from y j
to 103 fet.t widv.', and v. iuds north well-
ward in a fcrpentinf track, through fev-
eral flrtets. It is planted im e cch lidc
witli a row of l.,onil-.ardi' poplars, and
promifesto be oneof the pit ilantcllftreets
i-i the citv. N) lefs tlim 661 lamps of
two liranches cacli, dilpofcd at c.mveni-
ent ditt inc.s, in all parts of the city, are
lighted every night, and are eflim.sted to
coivfiiine annually, -ncarlv 9,')0o gallon.
of oil. The houfes in the city and fiio-
urii.s, arc ,';encrally of brick, three noric4
high, in a plain neat llylc, ^^ithout mueii
dil"pl;!y of ornament. Tiie general height
of the ground on which tlic city (t inds, is
ncarlv 40 feet above the Delav^'arr ; but
fomc of the ftreets are confiueratily loWer,
particularly Water ftreet ; Itn'eral fti)re8
in which, have fometimes received much
damage when the river h.ippciie.l to be
railed bv a high flojd, and a fliuug S E
wind. Here arc %^ places for publie
worlhip, viz, 5 for I'ricnd" or Quakers, 6
for tt\e Prefbyterians rikI St'cetur>, 3 tor
E|)ifcopa!«ans, 3 for Roni.m Catiiolics, 4
for (Ji;rnian .Lutheran.s, z for MLtnoJiIfts,
I for (j'-nnan Calvinifts, i for Swcdiiu
I/ithevaui, whiLhisthcoldertcbiirohin the
eity, I for the Moravians, I ior iviptifts,
I ti)r Africins. aiul a Jewnb (Vnigogue.
Ihc inft l*reft>yterian church is limllud
with a degree of elegance that >'.'ou!d do
h mour to any city in Europe. The roof
I-, lupprirted in fro'U by 6 r.illu i, liuilhcd
1:1 tht (Jorinthian ord^.r ; bir as ii ft^ndj
in an ohr^ure place, on the H lictf; of Mar-
ket ftr-ct, it Is feen to ilir^i'i'ant.ijre. The
L;e'"'inn Lutheran (hiire.'v, wiiich was
built not many ytari linre, wis unfortu-
n ixtly I'uint in ilu- winter ol t/of. The
new building is loS feet hv 48 ; and ii
one of the haujrwiacd churcbe* in the U.
States.
m *
. Ill r
! 1
'ih-
,r u
PHI
P H I
If
LV if-
Staiet. Mr. D. Tantbcrger, a tnemb*r
of the Society of the United Brethren,
at Lctiz, <> m.M of extraordinary mcchitn-
ical genius, completed and cre«5itd a large
orgnn for tliis church, but it receivid
much injury vlicn tlic roof and infide ot
the building were confuincl, before the
pipe* could be dilcngaj^cd. Chrift Ciiurrh
ftandu on the VV fide ot Second ftrc< t, be-
tween High and Mulberry ftreMs. It in
an old Gothic flrudlure, and is ornament-
ed with a handfomc ftecpic, aiid furnith-
ed with u chime of bells. Ihe F.pifcopai
churches are furniflicd each with an or-
gan, as are the German, and two of the
Roman Catholic churches. The African
church Is a large, neat building. Ft is
fupplied with a negro clergyman, who
has been lately or<1aincd by the bitliop.
They are of the Epifcopalian order. The
•thcr public buildings arc a Prtfbytcrian
church in Arch flrtet, at the corner of
Mulberry and Third ftrcct,a State houfe
and offices, a ci^y courc houfes, a county
court houfe, an tmiverfity, the pliilofoph-
ical focietvV hali, a public library, an
faofpital, difpcnfaty,an almshoufe, a gad,
3 incorporated banks, 2 dramatic thea-
tres, a medical theatre, a labaratory, an
amphithcHtrc,3 brick market houfei, and
one which is to be erected in Front ftreet,
in the Northern Liberties, a fifli market,
a houfe of correction, and a powder mag-
azine which contains often upwards of
50,000 quarter eafks of gunpowder. Two
fteam engine houfes have lately been
creAed for fupplying the city with whdc-
fome water from the Schuylkill. One of
thefc is a handfomc marble building, the
bafe of which is fquare, and the lupcr-
ftrudlure circular. It (lands in the cen-
tre of High and Broad ftreets, txacflly up-
on the point of interfcdlion, and is fur-
rounded by a large circular inclofure,
which is platted with trees. This build-
ing commands a view of Highftrcct in its
whole extent from river to rivet, and is
itfcif a handfomc objedl, as feen from va-
rious parts of the city. The ftate houfe
ftands on the S fide of Chefnut ftreet, be-
tween Fifth and Sixth (Ireets, and was
ere<H:ed about the year I'JJ ; and, con-
fidering the infancy of the colony, the ar-
chitecture is much admired. The IVate
houfe garden occupies a whole fquare ;
k is a imall neat place, ornamented with
feveral rows of trees and gravel walks,
and inclofedby Abigh brick wall on three
fides, and the (late houfe, &c. on the other.
P«ttersfield, formerly a public burying
groutid, U now converted Into j pubHc
walk, and planted with rows of I.ombar-
il' poplar* on each fide. When the trees
hrc >niwn, rnd the ground levelled, it
ul!i jc one o( 'he moft pleafant promt -
nadtii ill the vi> nity. In the N £ corner
of the yard, adjoining the left wing of the
flate houfe, is the town hall or new court
houfe; S of which is the ph'lofophical
hall. Mr. Feal keeps his mufeum, by
fjMiial pcrmifl'ion of the legillatiire, in
the body of the /late houfe. It is the
largell rolfeiflion of natural curiofitirn
that is to be found in America. In it arc
400 fperics of birds, feme living animab,
&c. Oppofite the philofophical hall is
y the Philadelphia library y thefeadd much
E ^ the beauty and grandeur of the fquare.
'rThe Philadelphia library originated with
Dr. Franklin, and was incorporated in
174',, lince which time the collcdlion of
books has been greatly augmented. At
prefent, it contains upwards of i2,oot
volumes, bcfides a mufeum and a valua-
ble philofophical apparatus. It is open
every day in the week, except Sunday;
and any pcrfon who his an inclination
or tafle for reading, may here indulge or
improve either to great advantage. The
library is furniflied with tables and feats ;
and a (Irangcr, withoatany introdudlion,
may csil for any book he wants, and fit
down and perufe it as long as he pleafcs.
Thofe who prefer their chambers to read
in, may receive books out of the library,
by leaving a depo{ir„ as fecurity for the
return of them, and paying a mwlerAtr
fum for the ufe of them. The proprii
tors amount to feveral hundreds, and
each fobfcriber pays ten (hillings annu-
ally, for defraying eapeofes and making
new additions* To the IHirary is annex-
ed 3 rare and valttable colleiflion of bodks,
the bequeft of James Logan, Efq. to tht
public. The building belonging to tht
Library Company is remarkably elega«t.
and has a fine appearance. In front k
the buildingyin a niche over the door, 11
a handfome ftatue of Dr. Franklin, the (lo-
nation of William Bingham, Efq. to tht
company. It is of white marble, was ex-
ecuted in Italy, and is faid to have cuft
£s°°- "^^^ public gaol (lands in tht
next fquare, S of the (late houfe yard. It j
is a hollow fquare, 100 feet in from,
built of (lone, three (lories high. All thr |
apartments are arched with (lone, as * |
precaution againd (ire ; and it is the lar-
ged, Itrongcd, and neatcd building of liif |
kind in the United States. I'o the i><j<
ii annexed
^tp the ;
(lie debtor
lately add(
of iriiniual
cd by [ioiK
High drcti
in the worl
PHI
P II I
ii iDnrxcd a work houfir, with jrardi to
lu:cp tlie I'cxci apart, and criminaU from
iLk: dcbiots. Thcrt? arc alio apuitmcnts
latily added for the I'oiitary ciMifinemcnt
()t° criminals. 'I'hc whulcislccurcly inclur>
cd l>y Oone walls. The market houfe in
High Arcct, is perhaps exceeded hy none
•n the world, in the abundance, ncatncls
and variety of provifion*, wiiich are ex-
pjfcd fur fale every Wtdntfday and Sat-
utday. Butchers' meat and vcgetaMes
may be liad any other day, except Sun-
day. It extends from Front in Koiiti
(Ircct, and is fuppurtcd by 300 pilln
On the W ftde of Second llrect, a lictl^
above Walnut ftrcet is, the new bank <
Pcnnfylvania, lately cre«^td under thv.
lupcrintendance of Mr. Latrobe. It is
a large and rcmarkablv nenc and elegant
luarblc edi/ice of the lonick order, i)uilt
alter the model of the ancient temple of
Minerva in Greece. The eaftern and
wettern fronts arc adorned with two lofty
colonnades of folid marble. The new the-
atrein Chcfnut Arcct,near the ftatc houfc,
is large and convenient. It was finiflud
in I79J. Further W, is a fpacious build-
iogiintendedfor the accommodationof the
Prcfidcnt of the U. States, but Anee the re-
moval of t he fc.tt of go vernment , it h as been
purchafed by the Uuiverfiiy of Pcnnfyl-
vania. This feminary was formed by the
union of two literary inftituticns, which
had prcvioully exiAed a conliderabic time
in Philadelphia, one dcfignated by the
above name ; tlic other, by that of the
college, academy and charitable fehools
of Philadelphia. They now conftitute a
itfpt«5>ablel'eminary,incotporatedini79i.
Tiie philofophical apparatus, which w<is
lieforc very complete, has been lately in-
creafed to the valne of fcvcral hundred
pounds. The funds of the univerfity pro-
duce annually a revenue of about ^^2,365.
The aggregate number of (ludeuts, in the
feveral fehools, is, on an average, about
,;ic. Aud the number ufually admitted
to degrees in each year, about aj. The
Friends' acadeniy and Young Ladies'
academy are alio refpedlable aud ufeful
c'fliblifhments. The chief literary and
humane Ibcieties are the American phi-
lofophical fociety ; the college of phyfi-
cians ; the fociety for promoting political
inquiries ; the Pcnnfylvania hofpital ; the
Philadelphia difpenfary ; the Pcnnfylva-
nia locicty for the abolition of (lavery ;
ihe fociety for alleviating the miferies of
[MiCons ; the Pennfylvania fociety for the
cucouragemcc; of aiamifa^tures amd ufe*
ful arti; the rhiladeiphia fociety for the
information and alUllance of immigrants,
and two other fcicietiis of the fame kind;
one for the relict of (ierman, and anotli-
cr for the relief of Irifli iimnigranta; and
an humane, aji a;;riru'rurai, marine, and
various charitubir focictics, Here is a
Grand l/xlge of Free and Accepted Mt-
fons.and ti luhordinatt lodges. Few eitici
in the wurld, oftlie ratuc- pnpulation and
riches as Philadelphia, ar<. better provi-
ded with ufeful innilutions, both public
and private, 'i'here arc alA) a fufticient
numlwr of academies for the inflrut^ion of
ith Icxcs. Ainiofl every religious fnei-
.ty has one or more fehoo! . under its im-
mediate direOlion, where children belong-
ing to the fociety arc tau;^ht to read and
write, and are furnidicd with books and
(lati(Hiary articles. In the city and ful>-
urbs are 10 ropewalks which inanufac-
rure abotu 800 tons of hemp annually — 1|
breweries, which arc faid to confume
J0,ooo buOiels of barley yearly — 6 fugar
houfes — 7 hair powder mauufafloriei ia
and about town— 3 rum didillcries, and
I rediifyijig diftlllcry — j card manufac-
tories. I'he other manufai^K>ries are, ij
for earthen ware — 6 for chocolate— 4 for
muAard — 3 for cut nails, and one for pa-
tent nails — I for ftcLl— i for aqua fortit
— one for fal ammoniac and glauber fait*
— I for oil colours — 11 for brufhes— t
fin- buttons— one for Morocro leather,
and one for parchment ; befides gun ma-
kers, copper fmithti, hatters, tin plate
workers, coach makers, cabinet makers,
and a variety of others. The public mint,
at which the natinnal money is coined, is
in this city. The great number of paper
mills in the State enable the printers tA
carry on their bulincfs more extcnfively
than is done in any other place in Amer-
ica. There are 31 printing offices in this
city ; s of which publifh each a daily
gazette ; 2 others publifh gazettes twice
a week ; one of thefe is in the French
language ; belidcs 4 weekly papers, one
of which is in the German language.
The other olfic'j arc employed in print-
ing books, pamphlets, &c. The catalogue
of books for fale in this city, contains up-
\vards of 300 fets of Philadclphiaeditioni,
he fides a greater variety of maps and
charts than is to be found any where elfe
in America. The pleafure carriages with-
in the city and liberties, according to enu-
meration, are as follow, viz. two wheeled
carriages, S53t light waggons, 80, coaches,
X 37, ptuctoni, aa, chariots, 35, and coach-
tci,
|l' X.'!
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PHI
f H I
ecu, 33 ; tlie whole atrounting to 307 ft>ur-
whttlcd c.irtiages. The roads arc good,
and bt'coniing I'ttter ; flage coaches per-
form the joufncy from this city to Lan-
cadcr in I'l hours, on the new turnpike
road : the diftancc is j8 miles. Thi« city
is governed l>y a mayor, recorder, 15 hI-
dernicn, and ,jo common council nitn ;
according to its prtl'ent charter, granted
in the year 1789. The mayor, record<:r,
8 aldermen, and 16 common council men
make a quorum to tr.-nlaifl bufiocfs ; tiuy
have full power to conflitute and ord.iii
laws and ordinances for thf gftverning of
the city ; {he mayor, recorder, and alder-
men arc jufticcs of the peace, and jufHces
of oyer and terminer. They hold a court
four times a year, to take cognizance of
all crirres and mifdemeanors committed
within the city ; two aldermen, appointed
by the mayor and recorder, hold a court
on the forenoon of Monday and Thurf-
day of every week, to judge of all matter.^
which are cogniznble before a juftice •>f
the peace. The trade of Pcnnfylvania is
principally carried on from this city, and
there are few commercial ports in the'
world, where fliips from Philadelphia
may not be found in fomc feafon of the
year. The number of yeflcls which en-
tered this port in 1786, was 910; in '87,
870 ; in '88, 851 ; in '93, 1,414. Pf which
477 were fliips; in '95, I,6i0, viz. fhips,
158; barks and fnows, a6; brigs, 450;
fchooner8,5o6; Hoops, 48c. Clearances,
1,789. It is not mentioned how many of
thefe were coafting vcfltls. The number
of vefl'els built in 1795, was 31, of which
«3 were fliips and brigs. In the year '92,
Philadelphia fliipped 440,000 barreU of
flour and middlings; in 1794, 30O.751,
The value of the exports from the State
in the year ending Sept. 30, 1791, was
3436,092 dolls. 58 cents ; '92, .:<,820,6fta
dolls. ; '93, 6,918,836 D.; *94, 6,642 f 9''
D.; '95,11,518,2600. The fitkncfs in
the autumn of 1793, and the embargo in
the fpring following, interrupted the com-
merce of Philadelphia for nearly five
months. The exifting war has occatioutd
fome txtranrdinary articks in the expor-
tation of late J coffee, &c. have been car-
ried to Philadelphia, and from thcnrc to
Hambuig. as neutral ports. The envi-
rons of the city are very plcafant, and
finely cultivated. In the northward are
Kcnlington, near the fuhurbs on Dela-
ware, noted for ibip building; German
town, a populous,' neat village with 2
prrmanchurchcb ; and Frankfort, anoth-
er pretty village, both within 7 miles. b»>^
fides many country feats. In the fouth !(
Darby, a fmall, plealaut borough, above
7 miles diflant ; and on Sdiiiylkill, 4 miles
fr»m the city, the bofanical garden of
MefTrs. Bartrams. In the W, on the lame
river, 1 8 acres of ground have been lately
deftined for a public botaiiical garden.
According to a liflpublilhrd of the births
and deaths in the fcver:4l religious foeic-
I'ts of Philadelphia, it appears that from
Augutl T, 1792. to Augull I, 179J, the
l>irths atu(iuiit(d to 2,51 1, and »he deaths
to 1497. In the year 1793, Philadelphia
was vifited with a fevcrc feourge, thi-
yellow fever, which raged with uncom-
mon violciu-e for above 3 months, and in
that fliort fpacc fwcpt off nearly 5,000
inhabitant!). The humane eiTortH of a
committee of health, appointed by the
eiti/.cns, were highly indruniental in di-
minifliing the calamity. A few weeks
after this diforder ceafed to rage, the tratle
of the city wa« reflored in a manner in-
credible to any but eye witncfics. It is
an honourable proof of the humane at-
tention paid to the prifuners in this city,
that of 4,060 debtors, and 4,000 crimin-
als, who were confined in Philadelphia
gaol between the 28th of Sept. 1780, and
the 5th of St pt. 1790, only twelve died a
natural death. In 1794, there were 9,000
houfts in this city, and 400 which
were building. The number of inhabi-
tants within the city in 1800, was 41,220.
The fulnirb.^ and county contained 39,789.
Of all thefe only 85 were in llavery.
Philadelphia is 728 miles S W of PafTa-
maquoddy, the caftcrnmoft part of the
fea coaft of the United States ; 347 S W
of Bofton ; 22a S W of Hartf«)td ; 95 S
W of New York ; io» N JJ of Baltimore ;
144 N £ cf Wafliington, and 925 N U hy
N of Savannah in Georgia. Sec Fiitnfyl-
vania, for an account of fcverai other
particulars relating to this city.
Philip, a large illand in Lake Superior,
in the United States, the fame as Pliilip-
peauK ; which fee.
Philip'i, Si. a parifh of Charlcflon dif-
r!i*t, South Carolina.
Pbilip, St, a fort which commands the
entrance of Maranhdu harbiiiir, on the
coaft of Brazil.
Pbillp, St. a point within the harbour
of Port Royal, South Carolina.
Pbilippraux JJle, in the £ W of Lake Su-
perior, U. Canada, lies to tlic ibuthwarJ
of Kle Roy.il, and between it aQd Kiaoan
Point, on Uic S fhorc. ' '.
'" fLilif/ta",
PI c
PlUiffienu, a bay on the N fliorc of the
CM\f of St. Lawrence, near the Straits of
BeliOe, And partly formed by iflandH
which pr<ijc(^ S on its £ part, and extend
towardft the W. The £ part of the bay
lies in lat. 51 ao N, and long. S5 4© W.
Philippinn, 1 fiiiall town of the province
of Giiatimala, in New Spain, on « bay of
the l<rorth Pacific Oceao. N lat iz 50,
W long. 91 .30.
Phil pjkurjir, a town of New Jcrfey, in
Sullex CO. on the E bank of the Delaware,
oppolite i*a(lon in Penni'yiyania. It i»
41 miicH N W of Trenton.
Pbilifi/burg, or Pbilipfteiun, a towndiip in
Dutchefs c«). N. York,on the E fide of Hud-
fon River, 19 miles above New York, near
the S end of Tappan Bay. It contains
2,754 inhabitantit, In this towoHiip is a
iilTer mine, which yields virgin filver.
Pbiilpi AcjJtmy. See AnJtvtr and Ex-
fter.
■ Pbilopolis, a fettlemcnt in I.userne co.
Penufylvania, i a or 14 miles W of Mount
Ararat, and at the head of the weftcrii
branch of Tunkhanock Creek, about 45
miles S E of Atiicn*, or Tioga Point. N
lat. 41 40, W Jong. 75 .33.
Piankatunt, a fmall river of Virginia,
which empties £ into Chefapeak Bay, op-
pofite Gwiit's Illandi It is navig,ihie 8
miles for fmall icraft.
Piankajbatoty or Pyankijtat, Vtrmiltant
and Mafeontinii are tribes* of Indians in ■
tiic Indiana Territ(»ry, who rcfidc on the
Wabaih and h* branches, and IlHnois
River. Thefs with the Kiclkapoot, Mufr
jtilMt and Ouktiamni, could together fur- ,
niih abo.ut 1000 warriors, 30 years ago.
Piara, On the cOaA of S. America, lies
IJ or 14 league* from Payta, in lat. 7 N, '
and is the llrll town of any note. A riv- !
er which wa(l»cs it, falls into the bay of ;
Chiroper ; but as it abounds with llioaU, ,
it is ?ittfe frequented. i
Pic, Rkrcr du, empties into Lake Supc- 1
rior, In lat. 48 56 n, and long. 89 41 6.
The Grand Portage is in lat. 48 41 6.
Pic de I'Etoil, /c, or Pic de I'AlverJi, as it
is named in Boug.tnville's map, a fmall
high ifl.md, fliape J like a lugnr-loaf, ly-
ing a little to the northward, and In fight
of AiirorK IflHnd ; difcovertd by the fore-
nanr^^d navigator in May, 1768.
Pica, a harbour on' the coaft of Peru,
where there is liigb and (teep land ; ra
leagues N of Lnr.i River, and <■ S of Ta-
rapicii, or .is it is called by Btitilh fca-
rien, C^7riipou:h.t.
Pleura, £» large province of S. Atnetica,
PIC
in New-Granada ; bounded on the R l.y
the ADde.s.
Picavec, Invlian town^ in \.\\c Iniuu.t.
Territory, ou Great Miami River, 7.v
niiies fi m its mnuth, where it is only ,V3
yards broad, although n;ivigaLle lor iojd-
cd bitteaux 50 mlltK higlier.
Piiien/vitlr, in Pendleton ro. S. Cai dli-
na. Here i» 4 pod utlke 59 1 miit.s fioni .
Wafliington.
/'ii.itrinj a county of the MilTilippi
territory, cc.ntarniug »'^io uitialiiiai)c.>,of
whom 7»8 are (l-ives.
Pi,,Jkernig 'Tutvrjbif, \n tlw: Jv riding of
the CO. of Ynrk, U. Can.ula, is bctwit..*
W'.'iitby and Scai boroiieli, auil trouts i^.iUe
Ontario. I'hc river Ntti ruiii iuio i..ik'; ■
Ontario thr<iu)>h this lowulhip. Here
is an t.xcclltnt falnion aud ftnrjron iiiL'.'.
ry, at a rivtr called iJuflin's Ctt^k., wIl.u
is generally open, juicl lar,^e einiii,\ii u.'
receive boats at pioU rt»l<<i.a ut tlic yo.ii.
l^nylL.
PickerfgUCs Ceve, is witl.iii Clinltui;is.
Sound, on the S coall of 'i nr.4 del i'm.-
go.at the Stxtrtmiiy of S. Amcri'-a.
Pichrfaiii's JJla.v.l, is off Cape bif.ttj-
pointmcnt, in S. Georgia, in theS. <Vtlii.-
tic Ocean. S lat. 54 42, W louj.;. ,50 /y.
PidcrfvilU, the clild' town ot W.«ni-
ington diAridl, in S. Caroliuit. tc con-
tains a court houfc. gao!, 8 or ic lioul'c,
and a difbllcry. k is 771 milt... li\nii
Philadelphia.
Piitlotd, A fort on the rivcr ^t. JoLn, iu
E. JFIyrida, 37 miles from at. f\u;jUltiac,
and 3 from Poopoa Fort.
Picitlit Point, on the N fiiic of the ill-
and of St. Domingo, forn'"-* tlie W Ivuiiii-
diiry of the bay whicli Icti u.t t>» <-'.i|ie
Francois. In time of wiu, ilii|>$ li.r, i,
often been t^iken under tin. eaiiituii oi
Picolet.
Picofi. or Pifo'ia, nuiniu.iiiis on the
conftof I'r.rii, which I'crv" to diriCt in.ii-
iners. They arc hi^'.h hills wiihin Uiu ,
extending about 7 le.igue*, Ijctwecii C'o •
laat'hc River, and SaLngu llhiud ; .iiul
lie S of the equator.
Pic. Rrvicrt. uu, ill U. C'niiida, emi'ties
into Lake .Superior, on the N liilc, \v' i.i'
Beaver Greek. Ou tliis rivii dvvilliii;t-
ny Indians, called i)y other ualious, '•'il.c
Men of the Land."
■ PiSlok, a fniall ilk, river, bay, and fet-
tlcttitnt, in the N £ part of Nova-.Scoiio,
»nd on the S lidc c.l the Straits of North-
umberland, at the .S (xtrcinitv of the
<5iiif of St. Lawrence. 'Ihc ifland lit» in
the narroiveft part of the Itrnit, a little
W.l',
■m
''•'/ [ft
y
I!
.PIE
-way N W of the inouth of the river vf its
name; 8 miles S of licnr Cove in the ifl-
and of St. Juhn's, aud j 8 £ of the mouth
of Bay Vcrte. 'i'he bay or harbour of
this name fttms to he of cnnitdterable ex-
tent. £>ift River, which (alls into Piiftou
harbour, fuppltc* th« country with coals,
from the miucs on it6 bunks ; (|)c ftreami
of Ic(s uctc which empty into the bay,
arc St. Mary's, Antigonifh, IJverpool,
Turkct, Mufqiiidebnit, and SilChou Riv-
ers. The fcttiemcnt of Pidlou is fertile,
populous, anil incicallng in impnrtanct.
A good road is cut, cleared, and bridged
CO Halifax, 68 miles diftant S by W.
This fettkmcnt is now called Tii>miutb y
which fee.
Pieteet 1/laiid. The main channel of
lAfrataqua River, in N. Hampfliirc, lies
between Pierce's and Slavey's Ifland ; on
each of which batteries of cannon were
planted, and entrenchments formed in
1775. The ftream here is very contraA-
cd ; the tide rapid; the water deep, and
the ihoTC bold and rocky on each fide :
fo that in the fevered winters the river
is never frozen.
K*T*, an ifland in Illinois River, about
47 miles above the Piorias wintering.
gronnd. A j^cbi, or arrow-done is ob-
tained by the hidians from a high hill on
the W fide of the river, near the above
ifland; with this (ione the natives make
their gnn-ffints, and point their arrows.
Above this iiland 3re rich aud fertile
meadows, on the £ fide of the river, and
continnc fevcral miles.
Pittmtmt^ a townfliip in Grafton co. N.
Hampfltire, on the £ bank of Connecti-
cut Rivet, 6 miles S of Haverhill, uud 5
N of Orford. It was incorporated in
17&4, and contains 670 inhabitants.
fium^^amis, an Indian nation who in-
habit the N W bauks of Lake St. John,
in L. Canada.
PittrtfSt. a fmall defert iflard near
the cuaft vf Newfoundland, which is only
fit for curing and drying fidi. N lat. 46
«7, W long. 5 J 57. It was ceded to the
French by the peace of 1763.
Atntj St- the firft town built in the
ifland of Martinico, on a round bay on
the W coaft of th: ifland, 5 leagues S of
Fort Royal. It is a port of entry, the refi*
dence vif merchants, and the centre of
bufiitels. It has been 4 times burnt, yet
ir contains at prcfcnt about a.ooo houfes.
The anchorage ground is along the fea-
Ade on the Arand, but is very unhealthy.
Another port of the town is fcpatatcd I
P I L
from it by .n river, and the houfet arc
built on a low hill, which is called the
fort, from a fmall fortrefs which defends
the road, which is commodious for load-
ing and unloading fliips, and is likewife
eaiy of accefs; but in the rainy fcafon the
Hiipping take fhciter at Fort Royal, the
capital of the ifland.
FUrre, St. a river in Louifiana wliick
empties into the Miflifippi, from the W,
about 10 miles below the Falls of St. An-
thony. It pafles through a mod delight-
ful country, abounding with many of the
necelTarien of life, which grow fpontanc-
oufly. Wild rice is found here in great
abundance, trees bending under loads of
fruit, fuch as plums, grapes, and apples.
The meadows are covered with hops, and
many other vegetables ; while the ground
is flored with ufcful roots, as angelica,
fpikcnard, and ground-nuts as large as
hens' eggs. On its £ fide, about ao miles
from i:3 mouth, is a coal-mine.— —A^. B.
For ether places named Pierre, fee PeUr.
Pigtoti, the name of two S W branches
of French Broad River, in TenneflTee.
The mouth of Little Pigeon is about 2j
miles from the confluence of French
Broad with Holflon River, and about 3
below the mouth of Nolachucky. Big
Pigeon falls into the French Broad 9
miles above Little Pigeon River. They
both rife in the Great Iron Mountains.
Pgeon, a hill on Cape Ann, Maflachu-
fctt!. See AgamtHtlcitt.
Pigton, a fmall ifland, whofc ftrong for-
tifications command and fecnrc fate and
good anchorage in Port Royal Bay, in the
ifland of Martinico.
PUelaad, a townfliip in Chefler co.
Pennfylvania. It has 916 inhabitants.
Pilayay a jurifditSbon of La Plata, S.
America. See Pa/fa^a, its nioft common
name.
PilJras, St. on the E fliore of the Gulf
of Campeachy, in the Gulf of Mexico.
NIat. 21 4, W long. 9035.
PUgcrruh, or Pilgrim'i Reft, was a Mo-
ravian fettlemtnt of Chriflian Indians, oa
thefcite of a forfaken town of the Otta-
was ; on the bank of a river, ao miles N
W of Cayahoga, in the State of Ohio,
near Lake Erie, aud 140 miles N W of
Pitifl)urg.
PUgrim's Jfloni, on the S caftcm (hore
of St. Lawrence River, and below the
Ifland de Coudres.
Pillar y Capty at the W cud of the Straits
of Magellan, 6 leagues N of Cape Defca-
da. S lat. J » 4Ji W long. ^% 40.
Couitiy, h
PlUto,
gy rocks
of Cape
anehorag
andS W
this plact
Pilot-1
Bear the
whieh fa
Lewiftowi
Henlopen
Pimtnty
coafl oft
St. Domir
teaux, bet
fording vr^
is call<;d ^
is nearly ei
Plnat IJ
Honduras,
Pinat Pi
ma Bay.
The port
W coafl ol
the point ;
Quemada, ;
The coafl, i
Coriente8,a
*he name.
PinebitKf,
America,
this mount
equator, to
•nder the ft
before fun-r
PSncimey, ;
Carolina.
^ineinty, f
per country
into the difli
and Spartan
the number c
Pincineyvii
na, and capii
S W tide of
o'Pacolet. 1
houfc, a gaol
h.« 75 miles
Lincolntown,
fsom Philade
Pine, Capt,
•f Newfound
W of Cape R
J3 aa
PiniCreeiyXx
fylvania, a wa
fnehannah Ri
■»'es wcftwar
P I N
P I O
putt Mtuiaaln^ cr Ararat. Sec Surry
County, N. Carolina.
PiUto, or Saliiui del Pi/ofo, upright crag-
gy rock* on tlie W coaft of Mexico, S E
of Cape Corientes, where there in good
anchorage, and flieltcr from N W and W
and S W winds. There arc fait-pits near
this place.
Pilot-Ttw»f in SuflVx co. Delaware, lies
sear the mouth of Cool Spring Creek,
whith faili into Delawiire Bay, near
Lewillown, and 6 mile* N W of Cape
Henlopeo.
PimeHt, Port a, a village on the S W
coaft of the S peninfula of the ifland of
St. Domingo, 4^ leagues N W of Les Co-
teaux, between which are two coves af-
fording fnchorage ; that neareftCoteaux,
is called Anfe a Damaffin. Port Piment
is nearly eight leagues £ by S of Tiburon.
Pinai IJjnd, on the co-tu of the Gulf of
Honduras, is Gtuated oiF TrivigUlo Bay.
Pinat Point, the eaftern point of Pana>
ma Bay. N lat. 6 15, W long. 80 30.
The port of thif> name is on the i'ame S
W coaft of the Ifthmus of D;irien, nenr
the point; ii leagues N by W of Port
Quemada, and 7 from Cape Garachina.
The coaft, all the way routh^rard, to Cape
Corienles, abounds with pine trees ; hence
the name.
Pmebhta, one of the Cordilleras in S.
America. M. Bdugier found the cold of
this mountain, immediately under the
equator, to extend from 7 to 9 degrees
under the freeaing point every morning
before fun-rife.
Ptnciney, an illand on the coaft of S.
Carolina.
Pineimty, formerly a diftriA of the up-
per country of S. Carolina,, now divided
into the diftri«Jhof York, Cliefter, Union,
and Spartanburgh ; which fee ; and for
the number of inhabitants fee S. Carolina.
Pincintyvilte, a pnft town of S. Caroli-
na, and capital of Union didridt, on the
S W fide of Broad River, at the mouth
of Pacolet. It contains a handfomc court
houfe, a gaol, and a few compatSt houfe».
It is 75 miles N W of Columbia, 56 from
Lincolntown, in N. Carolina, and 716
fcom Philadelphia.
Pint, Capt, on' the S coaft of the Ifland
•f Newfoundland, is about eight leagues
W of Cape Race. N lat. 46 4 i, W long.
53 20.
PintCreekf'in Northumlierlaud co.Penn-
fylvania,a water of the W branch of Sui-
^aehannah River. Its mouth is aliout 11
■liln weftward of Lycoinio;; Creek, and
40 N W of the town of Northumherland.
Pints, a fmnll ifl«<nd on the N coaft «#
Terra Firma.S. America, about 41 leagues
E of Pnrtn Bcllo, and form« a good har-
bour, with two other fmall iflands, and
the main land. N lat. 9 11, W long. 80
15. The Xlver of Pinet is 5 mile* fiwn
the above nnmed harbour, and 37 eaft-
erly of Allabrolies River. Its mouth ha*
6 feet water, but within there it 3 fath-
oms a confiderable way up.
Pinrs, Puiez, or Pinni, » fmall Uninhab-
ited ifland, feparated from the S W part
of the ifland of Cuba, by a deep ftrait.
It is about 25 miles long, and 15 broad,
and afibrdsguod pafturagc. It is 6 leagues
from the main, but the channel is impaf-
fable, by reafon of ftioals and rocks. N
lat. 21 30, W long, 8 J aj.
Pinnamaqnam, a fmall flrcam in WaOi-
ington CO, Maine. This ftreamgiTcs its
name to a new ftttlenient.
Pintard's Sound, o:\ the N W coaft of N.
America, fets up in an caftcin dire«£Han,
having in it many imall ilhuds. Its
mouthi extends from Cape Scorr, oa the
fouthern fide, in lat. 50 56, and kmg. ia8
57 W to Point Difappointmcnt, in lat.
J 2 5, and long. T 28 50 W. Itcammnai-
cates with the Straits de Fnca : and thus
the lantis on both fult- s of Nootka Sosnd^
from Cape Scott to Berkley's Sound, (op-
pofite Cape Flattery, on the eafiem fide
of the Straits de Fuca) are called by Capt.
Ingraham, Quadras Ifles.
PiniMuo River, a large branch of the
Chata Uche, the upper part uf Appala-
chicola River.
Pitrias Port and Vlllagi, OH, in the NL
W. Territory, on the weflera fliorc <if
Illinois River, and at the fouthcm end of
Illinois Lake ; a (O mile* from l^fiffitippi
River, and ,^0 below the Craws Meadows
River. Tl>e lummit on which the ftock-
adcd <ort ft'iod, comm»ndi a fine pruf-
pciJl of the country to the cafcward, .•^nd
up the Idke, to the point where the river
comes in at the N end ; to the weftw;<r<l
are luge meadows* In the lake (which
is only a dilatation of the river, 19^ miles
in leif^th, aiul 3 in breadth) is great plen-
ty of iiih, and in particular^ fturgcon and
picannau. The country weftward it low
and very level, and full of lV».imps, fimie
a milr wide, tiortlercd with tine meadows,
and in fonie pl.ices the hiijb Uiid comes
tci the river in points, or narrow necks.
Here is abundance of cherry, plum, and
otiier fruit tircn. The Indians at .♦'•
j treaty of tiriCiivilic, ia 1755, ccd-'-'^^
'i
III
':■: ; ': k
t i''
■ *■ I H
:'. I'.
ii -ii
1(1
? I s
<4»e TTnitcd St«te< a traift of ti itiJIm
fquarc at this fort. N lat. 40 5,(, W long.
tjt iz .30.
Piot;ui IViirtcrin^ C^«tf/»/, a traiTrorl.inil
in the Indiana Territory, 0:1 the S E litl.r
rtf Illinois River, !>I:<oiit 40 miles iihovc,
wnd N E ot the (^reat Cave, on the Milfi-
fippi, oppofitt tiir moutli of rlic 1Vfitl">iii-i,
unci a; below tlie Kland of Si. Picrr*?.
iMmut a t]!iai ter of a mile from the river,
on the t.tlltrn fule of it, i'* ^ me^tfow of
niHtiy miles loiv^, and 5 or 6 hroad. Tn
this m'.,\dow are many fmall Inke^, com-
fniinic.iting withtach other, and hy whiclr
there arc paifagcs for fmall hoats or ca- ;
noes ; ,\nd one leads tn the Iliinoit River. |
Fioiiij^an Indian nAtion of the Indiana ;
Territory, who, with the Mitchigamias, '
rouKl furnifli 300 warriors, ;{0 years aj^o.
'I'li'.y inhabit near the fcttlements in the ;
Tilinois country. A tribe of this nar-a
inhabit a village on the Miffidppi, a mUe
above Fort Chartres. It could furnifli,
about the fame period, 170 warriurx of
the Pioriis and Mitchigamias. Thty
are idle and debauched.*
Piraugy, a river of Bnizil, S. America,
S S E of Rio Grande and Point Negro.
Pifia, a iiandfomc town in the audi-
ence of Lima in Peru, with a good h'lr-
bour and fpacious road. The country ,
round it is fertile, and it fends to the
neighbouring fettlements <inantiti, s of
frnitand wine. It formerly flood aq lar.
tcr of a league farther to the S,bnt being ■
dcftroyed by an earthquake, in i68z, it •
■was removed to its preftnt frfuation, '
sbont half a mile from the fca. It is 140 '
miles S of Lima. S lat. 14, W long. 73 35. i
Pifcadoret, or Fi/beit, two great rocks ■ 1
«n the coaft of Pent, in lat. 1648 S, near ;j
the broken gap between Attico and ,\
Ocona. I j
PifcaJortt, rocks abore the town of Cat- I
lao, in Peru, 5 leagues N N W of Callao
Port. They are 6 in number ; the l.irg
eft is weft of the port t)f Ancon de Rlioda.s,
and 3 leagues S E of Chaucai Port.
P/fcataijua, See P,rfi:afaij!iii.
Pifcataqua Head. See5V/f Coii«/v, Maine.
Pifcataqua, the ancient name i.< lands ;
in Maine, fuppofed to comprehL-iid the ;
lands in Kittery and Berwick. ;
Pif-<itaivay,z townfliip of N. Jet fey, in i
Middlefex co. on Rarifon River, 6 miles |
from its mouth. It had, in 1790, 7,2<St !
inhabitants. It is 35 miles N F. of Ntw j
^Brunfwick, and 14 S W of Eii/.ihctli- j
fide*'""- i
^^ff(^fcataiuay, % fmall pod t»wn o iPniice J
P I T
I George's co. Maryland, on the creek of*
I its name which runs W into Patow-
mac River, oppofite Mount Vernon in
Virginia, and 14 miles S of Wafliington.
The town is 16 miles S W of Upper Marl-
borough, 16 N of Port Tobacco, and 67
S \V hy S of Baltimore.
P'fn, a noted harbour on the coaft of
Peru, in the province of Los Reyes, fix
leagues from the port of Chtnca; Lorin
Chinca lying half way between them.
The road is fafc and capacious enough
to hold tiie navy of Sp.iin. The town is
inhabited by about 300 fartilien, moft of
them meftizoes, mulattoe»', and negroes ;
the whites being much the fmallcft num-
ber. It has 3 churche.4, and a chapel for
Indians ; liei about half a mile from the
fca, and 133 miles S of Lima. The ruins
of the ancient town of Pifca, are ftill viii-
ble, extending from the fea fliore to the
New town. It was dcftroyed by an earth-
quake and inundation, on Oilu 19th, 1680.
Tlicfea, at that time, retired half a league,
and returned with fuch fury, that it over-
flowed almoft as much land beyond its
bounds S lat. 13 36, W long. 76 is.
Pifi-PAy a hay on the S fln>rc of the
Straits of Magellan, in the Long Reach,
8 leagues W by N of Cape Notch. S lat.
SI 14, W Iqng. 75 li.
Pijtnlet, a large bay at the N point of
NewfouDdland,fetting up from the Straits
of Belifle. Its weftcrn fide is funned by
Cape Norman, and its cafteru point by
Burnt Cape ; 3 leagues apart.
Pitcairni IJland, \\\ the S. Pacific Ocean,
is 6 or 7 miles in length, and % in breadth.
It has neither river nor harbour ; but has
feme mountains which may be feen 15
leagues ofF to the S £. All the S fide is
lined with rocks. S lat. 4j », W long.
^H It. The variation of the needle off
this illand, in I767,was a 46 £.'
Piton Point, Crrtf/.thc S W point of the
iriand of St. Lucia, in the W. Indies, and
the moft wefterly point of the ifland. It
is on a peninfula, the northern part, of
which is called Point Chimatclrirb
P'lUy a county in Ncwbern diftri<ffc, N.
Carolina, bounded N £ by Beaufort, and
S W by Glafgow. It contains 8,910 in-
habitants, including 2,792 Haves. Chief
town, Greenville.
/•'«, Fort, formerly fort du ^efiic. See
Pit'Jlurtr.
I'iujborough, or Pitijhur^, the capital of
Chatham co. N. Carolina, is lUuated on a
liling ground, and contains a court houfc,
gaol, and about 40 or (O houfes. Tlie
conntrjr
Ocean,
breadth.
but has
feen IS
Tide i(
W long,
leedle off
n.
,ftri<ft, N.
^fort, and
,910 in-
Chief
8
•fnc.
See
■capital of
latcd on *
lirt houfci
tes. Tlie
counttjf
,P I T
country in its environs is rich ai<d well
cultivated ; and ib mucli refortcd Co from
the maritime ptrta of the tilMc in the
iiclcly months. The Hickory Moun-
tain is not far diflant, and the nir and
water here are as pure a any in the
world. It is a6 miles S W of Hilllbor-
oiigh, 36 W of Raleigh, and 54 N W of
Fayettcvilie,
Pitijhurg, a port town of Pcnnfylvania,
the capital of Alleghany co. fltnatcd on a
beautiful plain running to a point. The
Alleghany, which is a beautiful clear
flrcam, on the N, and the Monongahcia,
which is a muddy flccam, on tiic S, unit-
ing below where Fort du Qiitfne flood,
form the majcRic Ohio ; which Is there a
quarter of a mile wide ; x,i88 jt\i!es frjim
its confluence with the MilTlrippJ, and 500
above Liaertone, in Kentucky. This
town was hid out on Pcnn's pl?.n, in the
year 1765, on the eaflcrn bank of the
Monongihela, about aoo yards from Fort
du Quefnc, which was taken from the
FrencR, by the Britifli, in 1760, and who
changed its name to Fort Pitt, in honour
of the late Karl of Chatham. It contains
between aooand 300 houfcs, a gaol, court-
Iioufe, Prcfbyterian church, a church for
German Lutherans, an academy, ^ brew-
cries, and a dilliilery. It has been lately
fortified, and a party of troops flatloned
in it. The hills on the Monongahela fide
are very high, extend down the Ohio, and
abotnid with coals. Before the revolu-
tion, one of thefe coal hilts, it is faid, took
fire^md continued burning 8 years ; when
it was efTedrually eitinguiibcd by part of
the hill giving way and filling up the cra-
ter. On the back fide of the town, from
Grant's Hill, (fo called from hia army's
being here cut to pieces by the Indians)
there is a beautiful profptfi^ of the two
rivers, wafting along their feparatc ftrcanis
till they meet and join at the point of the
town. On every fide,' hills covered with
trees, appear to add fimplicity and beauty
to the fcene. At the diftance of too miles
up the Alleghany b a fmall creek, which,
in fonie places, boils or bubbles forth,
like the waters of Hell Gate, in N. York
State, from which proceeds an oily fuh-
flance, deemed by the people of this t<vm-
try, Angularly beneficial, and an infallible
cure for weakncfs in the ftomach, for
rheumatic pains, for fore hteafh in wo-
men, bruifes, &c. The oil is srathered by
the country people and Indians, who boil
it, and bring it to Pittfbuxg tor fa!e ; and
V«i, I. K K k
PIT
there is fcir-rely a flnc;Ie inhahit.jnt wh>
dots not poilefs a bottle of it, <nc| iii able
to recount its many virtues, and its many
cures, 'I'he navi;;.iiion ol !!if Ohic;, in .1
dry feat)n, is rallu r irnubltfonie from
Pitifturi^ f;> the Mir^o Tou'i:, about 75
miles; !)Ut iVom thcnctUo (he Miflilippi
there is always water cn-nn^li fcr h.irijcs
Ciirrying fnim lOO to 'loo tons bur Jen,
fui h as are uled on the river Thames, be-
tween London and Oxford, vi?;. from rro
to lio feet keel, 16 to 18 in brciJth.rQur
feet in depth, and whin lorukd, dr-'winj'
about .•J ft>;t water. Duririg t!ic fciioii
of the llooiij in the fpring, vtf^'tU of ico
or 'ZOO tors burden may ^o from Plttl-
bi;rg to the fc.x with fafcty, in 16 or 17
diivs, although the diflancc is upwnrds of
a,ooo miles. It is 1 78 miles W by N of
Carlillc : .■^03 in the fame diret?lioii frnri
Philadelphia. N lat. 40 3144, W lonij.
808.
Pittfjurg Tcxvnfiip, in Ftontinac co. I/.
Canada, adjoins to Kinj)flon, hence weft-
ward it opens into Lake Ontario,
PittsfiAd, a picafant port town of Maf-
faehiifctts, in Berkfliirc co. 6 milts N of
Lenox, 38 W of Northampton, 140 W of
Bofton, and 40 N E of Albany. Thi#
townfliip, and thofe N and S of it, on the
banks of Ho'jfatonie River, arc ir. a rich
vale, from i to 7 miles wide. It was in-
corporated in 17 6 T, and contains 2,261
inhabitants. The place of worfliipis a
very liandVome edifice, with a bell and
cupola, from whiwh there is a charming
ptofpeifl.
PittifclJ, a townflnp of Rockingham
CO. N. I-Limpniire, incorporated in 1782,
and contains 987 inhabitants. It was
Mkcn frcjTi Cliich£flcr,onSuncook River,
N E of Concord.
Fit!.<f-lff, the northearternmofl town-
fliip of Uutland co. Vermont, containiuR
164 inhabitants. It lias Chittcndtii S W,
and Philadeijniia IJ W.
PittsfcU, a town in Otfcjjo co. N, York,
la milts \V S Wof Coopcfftowii.
P'tttsford, a townfliip i-f Rutland co.
Vermont, having 1,413 iiilirliitarrs.
Ptft's IJhmi, ontheN W roaft of N.
America, lies near tJic ni:un Ijiid, about
lulf way from Dixon's Entrance to Prince
Willi im's .Si)ij;V(l, auJ between Crof*
Sonrid and Port Br.nks.
Pittqiio'ttrr, an ludi in fcttleincnt in the
State of Ohio, at tlie vumtli of Hiiruu
River, v.'hich tmpti«-j into Like Eri,-.
iu 6a!tiv> CO. New Jerfev.
Here
Pittfjtrove,
m
4 r
1-
■It. ' „„
■;ir.
i- ^ f
P L A
J» L A
Rrre is a pofl ofilcc, 171 milei from
Wafliington.
Pittjion, a pod town, Kenncbeck co.
Main^ on Kcnncbeck River, 5 miles be>
low Ha Howell Hook, aa N by W of Wif-
caiTet, 70 N by E of Portland, 187 N by
' £ of BoAon, and 547 from Philadelphia.
It contains 1408 inhabitantst The wed-
: cm part called Ctbefey or Cthijfte^ has an
\ Spifcopal church, with an annual income
of a8 guineas, given by Dr. Gardiner for
the fupport of an epifcopal minider. The
W part of this town i» called Gardintr,
incorporated in 1803.
PittJIimin, a pod town of Hunterdon co.
N. Jcrfey,on the W head waters of Rar-
iton River, 10 miles E by N of Alexan-
dria on Delaware River, 32 N of Tr''.nton,
and j8 N N E of Philadelphia.
Pittjlo-wny a townfltip of RenfTetaer co.
N. York, bounded S by RenfTelaerwyck
and Stephentown, and N by Schadlcokc
and Cambridge. It contains 3483 in-
habitants.
Pittflo-wn, a pofl town in Luzerne- co.
Pennfylvania.
Pitt/ylvania, SL county of Virginiai be-
tween the Blue Ridge, and the tide wa-
ters; bounded S by N. Carolina, and N
by Campbell CO. It contains ia,697 in-
habitants. At the court houfe is a poft
.office, 300 miles from Wafliington.
Piura, the capital of a jurifdii^on of
the fame name in Beru, and was the firft
Spaniih fcttlcment in that country;
founded in 153 li by Don Frajjcifco Pi-
zarro, who alfo built the fird church in
it. It contains about 1,500 inhabitants.
The lioufes are generally of one dory,
built of unburnt bricks, or of a kind uf
cane, called quincas^ THe climate i& hot
and dry. S lat. i i r; W long. 80 5.
Plaeentia Bay, on the S ccad of New-
foundland,opensbetwcenChapeau-Rouge
Point W, and Cape St: Mary's on the £
I5i leagues apart ; lying between lat. 46
53 30, and 47 54 N, and between long. 54
I, and SS ** 3° ^^' '' •* ^'•'''7 fpacious,
has feveral idands towards its liead, and
forms a good harbour for fliips ; and is
frequented by fuch veiTels as are bound
either into the gulf or river of St. Law-
rence. The port town which gives name
to the bay h on the eaftern dinre ; 67
league* to the E of the ifland of Cape
Breton ; 40 miles W by S of St. John's,
and in hit. 47 15 N, and long. 55 13 W.
The harbour is fo very capacious, that
150 fail of diips may lie in fccurity, and
' Tin fifli at quietly as in any riv«r. The
entrance into it is by a narrow channel ;
which will admit hut one (liip nt a time.
Sixty fail of fliips can conveniently dry
their fidi on the Great Strand, vhich lies
between 1 deep hills, and is about 3 miles
lonjr. One of the hilts is feparated from
the ilrand, by a fmall brook which runt
out of the channel, and forms a fort of
lake, called the Little Bay, in which arc
caught great quantities of falmon. The
inhabitants dry their fifli on what i» call-
ed the Little Strand. The French had
formerly a fort called St. Louis, fituated
on a ridge of dangerous rocks, which
contra(!ts the entrance into the harbour.
This ridge mud be left on the darboard,
going in.
Plain Ju Nord, a town on the N fide of
the ifland of St. Domingo, at theS E cor-
ner of Bay de I'Acul, and ou the road
from Cape Francois to Port de Paix, five
leagues W by S of the Cape, and 13 S £
by E of Port dc Paix.
Plainfield, formerly St. Andrnvt, a town'
fhip in Caledonia co. Vermont, 100 milet
N E from Bennington. It contains 256
inhabitants.
Plainfitld, a townfliip'Of Hampfliire co.
MafTacnufetts. It was incorporated in
1785, and contains 797 inhabitants, i.%i
milet W of Bodon.
Plainfeld, a towndiip in Northampton
CO. Pennfylvania, has X1I57 inhabitants.
Plalnfield, a townfliip in the N W cor-
ner of Chefhire co. N. Hampdiire, on the |
E bank of Connedticut River, which ftp-
aratcs it from Hartland in Vermont. It
was incorporated in 1761, and contains
i>435 inhabitants.
Plainfeld, a pod town in the S E part
of Windham co. Comiedticut, on the ca(l
fide of Quinabaug River, which divide!)
it from Brooklyn and Canterbury. It is
in general a ricli foil, under good cultiva-
tion, well watered by the Quinaibaug and
Moofup Rivers, and many brooks and
rivulets. It has a congregational meeting-
houfcs, an academy, with three handfome
buildings appropriated to its ufe. Tli:
town was fettled in 1689, principally b;»
people from Chelmsford in MafTachufetts.
It is 14 miles N E from Norwich, 30 W
from Providence, 40 E from Hartford, 14
E from Windham, 414 N E from Wafli-
ington, and contains 1,619 inhabitand.
The marks of an Indian burying place
arc vi(ij>le a few rods N £ from the prei-
ent burying ground.
Plaifance, a town on the middle of the
neck' of the N peninTula of St. Domingo ;
annci ;
I time.
;ly dry
ich litt
3 milt»
d ftoni
:h runt
fort of
tich ari;
I. The
i» call-
ch had
iituatcd
, which
larbour.
arboardi
bl fide ot
; S E cor-
ihe road
Paix, five
d 13SE
I, a town-
100 milei
tains 256
pfliirc coi
crated in
tants, iJS
thampton
habitantt.
S W cor-
, on the
ilch ftp-
nnont. U
coutaini
ire,
)n
E part
the eaft
divides
ury.
It ii
ad cultiva-
ibaug and
ooks and
1 meeting-
handfome
ufe. Tl'=
'cipally by
Fachufctts.
ich, 30 ""
tford, U
lorn Wafli-
habitant!.
iug place
the prei-
jldle of tlic
)omingo;
11
P L A
la Icagiicn S W of Cape Francois, and 7
N of La Gonavei).
Plaiiiluin GarJen Hlvir, at the E end of
the idand of Jamaica, and N I)y W <.f
Point Morant. There is a liind ol bay
at its niuuth ; and 00 it, wiihin Ijud, is
the town of Bath.
Phjlorv, or Pliiifow, a townfliip in the
S E part of Rockingham cu. New Hainp-
iliire, fcparated from I-Iaverhill iH Mafia-
chufetts, (of which it was formerly a
|)art) by the fouthern State line. It was
incorporated in 1749, and contains 459
inhabitants; a or 14 miles S W of Exe-
ter.
Phim Cays or Keyt, a large fandbank
•from 10 to 14 leagues N of the N coaft
of the ifland of St. Domingo. It is nearly
10 leagues in lengthi at W ny N, and from
'i to 6 miles in oreadth. 'i'he E end is
•nearly due N of Old Cape Jrancois.
Plata, an ifland on the coaft of Quito,
in Peru, 4 or 5 leagues W N W from Cape
St. Lorenzo, and in lat. i 10 S. It is 4
miles long and i^ broad, and affords lit-
tle elfe than grafs and fmall trees. The
anchoring places are on the ead fide near
the middTe of the ifland.
Plata, River de la, is one of the largeft
rivers on this globe, and falls into the S.
Atlantic Ocean between Capes St. An-
thony foutiiward, and St. Mary on the
northward, which are about 150 miles
apart. It acquires this name after the
jundtipD of the Parana and Paraguay,
and feparates firaail from the Deictt
Coafl. Its navigation, although very
cxtenflve, is rather dangerous, on ac-
count of the numberof fandy iflands and
rocks in its channeli which are perhaps
diiTicuIt toavoid,by reafon of the currents
and different fets of th« tide, wjiich they
produce. For thefe and other reafons,
^ips feldom enter this river, ualcfs urged
by neceffity; efpccially as there are m my
hays, harbours, and ports on the coaft
where vefTeU can find good and fafe an-
chorage. The water is fwcet, clears the
lungs, and is faid to be a fpccific agaiuft
rheums and dcfluxions ; but is of a petri-
fying quality. See Paraguay, for a more
particular account. ' Cape St. Anthony
is in jai. 36 3a S, and long. 56 34 W.
Plata, a city of Peru, in S. Arherica, in
the province of Charcas, built in 1539.
It (lands on a fmall phiin, environed hy
eminences, which defend it from all
winds. The air in fummer is very mild;
aor is there any confiderable difrerence
*l»)ro.u^hptit the year, except in the winter
P L A
months, viz. May, June, and July, when
tempefli of thunder and lightning and
rain ;ire frequent ; but all the other parts
of the year the air is fercne. The houfes
have delightful gardens planted with Eu-
."opcan fruit tree.'*, but water is very
f.arct in the city. It has a large and ele-
gant cathedral, adorned with paintings
and gildings, a church for Indians, an
hofpital, and /i nunneries ; and contains
about 14,000 inhabitants. Here are alfo
an univerlity and a colleges, in which
Ictflures on all the fcienecs are read. In
its vicinity are mines of filver in the
mountain of Porco.; whicli have been
ncgleifled fincc thofe of .Pottfi were dif-
covered. It is feattd on the river (il Chini-
do, 500 miles S E of Cufco. S lac. 1916,
W long. 63 40. The jurifdidlion of this
name is 200 leagues in length, and too
in breadth, extending on each lidi.- of the
famous river La Plata. In winter the
nights are eoUi, but the days moderately
warm. The froft is neither violent nor
lafling, and the fnows ace very inconfid-
erahle.
Piatt, Monte ie, a mountainous fcttle-
ment near the centre of the ifland cf St.
Domingo, towards its eaflern extremity,
15 leagues N of the mouth of Macoriz
River, and j6 to the N E of the city of
St. Dominga It ^vas formerly a flourifli-
ing place, and called a city ; but the whole
parifli does not now cont.iin aljorc 600
fouls. Two leagues N E of it is the
wretched fettlemcnt of Boy a, to which
the cacique Henri retired, with the fmall
remnant of Indians, when the cruelties of
the Spauiardti, in • . -. > rign of Charles V.
had driven him to » i-.volt. There does
not now exifl one puce defcendant of
their race.
Plats, Point, the N point of the entrance
into Port Dauphin, on the E coaft of the
Ifland of Cape Breton.
Plate, Port lie, en the N coafl of St. Do-
mingo, is overjpokcd by a vhite moun-
tain, and lies 22 leagues \V of Old Cnpe
Francois. It has 3 fathoms water at its
entrance, but diminilhcs within ; and is
but an indifferent harbour. The bottom
is in fome pares fliarp rocks, capable of
cutting the cables. A vefTel muft,')n enter-
ing, keep very clofe to the point of the
breaker, nearthe eafiern fort ; whenin,fiic
anchors in the middle of the port. The
cartou of Pott de Plate abounds in mines
of gold, filver and copper. There are al-
fo mines of plaftcr. It is unhealthy, from
the cuftom which the inhabitants hare
of
I-
'ti.
' ;•.
n
) '
P L E
of drintinj thir wjiicr of a ravin. It ha«
a hundtomr cLurch and uliuut .: 500 in-
h<ibitant>.
Pliitt, Foimi, La, a town on the S fiJe
nf the N pcninlul.i of St, l>oiiiin);o, 13
Jtapu^.i S L hy S of tlic Mole. N lat. 19
-6, W loiij;. fioni I'liriB, 75 40.
Platte, or Sli.i/.'niu Rivr, a wtrtcm
branch of the Miruuiri,:cmarl:ab!e lor its
quickfaiids and l>Hd na>'it;4iion. On tl\is
river, ntar its con'hiciuc wiil» the Mif
Imiri, dwells the ntition of the Uf/iloiioj,
comoionly called O.'n, conlifling of about
ICO \v?.rriors, amon:; wliuni aif ij or jo
of the ^'!ilIinlrics, who took rifiigc among
them nlidvit the year 177". Jc//l>fon.
Ploi:e. L(i, a IiimII river of Vermont
v'hich f.ill9 into Luke Champlaia at Shel-
burnc.
Piitform, a hay on the N coaft of tlic
ilKmJ of J.imaic.i.
Pluiijhur^h, a port town in Clinton co.
New York, on the W nri.trgin of L. C^hnni-
plain, about 300 inilci N«>f N York city,
piid nearly that diftancc S of Queluc.
J'jom the S part of the to.vn the moun-
tains (rend away \^ iilc froni the lake, and
Itjvc a ch;irming travel of txtcllent land,
of a rich h)am, well watered, and about
an equal proportion fuit^Me for meadow
and for tilbjc. Tiie land rifes in a gen-
tle afcent for fever .\1 niilen from the lake,
of which every farm will have a delightfiji
view. Here are a houfe for public wor-
ship, a comt houfc •'nd jjaol. Tlie court
of common pleas and 'jieneral ftOions of
the peace (it here twice a year; they
have iutiz.019 (if .<lmoft every kind among
them, and furnifli among thtBifelvts all
the niatci inU for l)uilding, glafs excepted.
Polite circles nay )itr«; he found, and the
gentt^il traveller may be tnteriained with
the luxuries of a fe.i-pott, a tunc on the
h.irpi'ichord, and a philofophicril ctinvcr-
fation. It contains 1,400 iiihabiiants.
Pliiy Gtitn, cr Pufuucgan, in U.Canada,
lies near the N Ihorc of Winnipc;^ Lake,
in lat. 5.i 5.?, and lonp. 97 54.
Pl-ap,t Point, a N E head land in
Meiry Meeting Bay, Lincoln co. Maine.
PLofant Pi/!nt, a fertile and pleafantly
fituat.d point of land, ou the weftern
bank of the Palfamaquoddy River, about
jj niiles from the mouth of the river,
and 4 above Moofc Idand. On this point
refide the reniaina of the P.ifTantnquoddy
tribe of Indians, confiding of about 40c in
number, and thought to he on the decline.
They have a Roman Catholic Prieft, who
e^niiniritrs the oidinanccs, and lately a
P I. IT
r(fp,.il.ible III (ting houfe, with a b<"IJ,
ht»btun erii'-.d, at the expcnfe of the
State. They arc entirely nnarquaintcd
wiih the aits uf agriculture, their employ,
mciit in the fuminer being that of filhing,
.ind llii'oriiig porpoifcs, whofi. oil they
cx:rai5l, and fell to the Amerie;ins for the
ule ijf lamps, and in winter th it of hunt-
ing. Tlity have foinc iiUas of moral oh-
lic.ritinn, though not remarkable for their
h ineOy or fidelity, and appear to he in-
clined rather to adopt the vicious th.in
the virtuous cx.jmples of their ci"ilized
ne!_HliI>our6. The women are graceful
and delicstein their manners, and moded
in tlic'r drefo. 7'be men ute fullcn and un-
fociable. During the revolutionary war,
their friendfliip v»as cultivated by the U.
Stites,to which they rendered aeoniider-
able fervicc, by preventing the depreda-
tions of the enemy upon our frontier!.
PAvfant Paint, the caftern boundary of
the mouth of Hawk's, or Sandwich River,
in the harbour of ChcbuiSo.
PItaftint River, a fm.ill vill igc where is
a port office pii the fe.i eoaft of Wan>iiig-
ton CO. Maine, and at the head of N.ura.
gu.igus Bay ; l6 miles N E of Goldfbot-
tmgh, and 3Z W by S pf Machias.
P/fiM Rivtr, the northern head water
of Illinois River. It interlocks with Chi-
cago River, a water of Lake Michigan,
Flirty miles from its lource is the place
called Hid in<*nd; a6 niilei farther it
paflcs through Dupage Lake ; and 5 miles
below the lake, it joins 'i'heakiki River,
which romes from the eaflwatd. Thcnot
the united dream alTumes the name «if Il-
linois, The land between thefe branclus
is rich, and intermiicd with fwanips and
ponds.
Pludemtn, a town of fome trade, in
Somerfet co. New Jerfey, 28 miles N of
Princeton.andabout jSSWcf Brunfwick.
It derived itH fingular name from an old
Irifliman, noted for his addrefs in takh^
ill people.
Plue, or Rriity Laie, lies W by N of L.
.•lupcrior, and E by S of the Lake of tht;
Woods, in Upper Canada. The N;ir-
rows nie in N lat. - -
Fort Lac la PIuc
Illand Portage
At the Barrier -^ ■•
Long. 95 S 30 W.
P/um If.ind, on the coafl of MaflachU"
fetts, is about 9 iniies long, and half a
mile broad, extending from the entrance
of Ipfwich River S, nearly a N courfe to
I the mouth cf Merrimacic PJvcr, and h
Icparat?(i
49
4
48
3J
49
50
7
31
50
7
5t
feparated
row foun
which is t
water. It
fanii bluv
crowned ■
plum. Tf
and 25 fc
|tounri it
race wai v«
the tide, ci
foil, over ;
■ny other i
beneath be;
tlic buneliei
trade, in
liles Nof
lunfwick.
an old
in ttiUc
N of L.
ce of tlK
the Niir-
3 *
35 49
7 3'
7 31
laflaclui-
Id hulf *
1 entranct
Icourfe to
|r, and i<
fcnara«4
PLY
fcparnted from the mstin land by a nar-
row found, called Plum llland River,
which it tordaWc in fcveral pl.icrri at low
vatcr. It counft* for the mo(^ part of
fand blown into tudicrouj heaps, <tnd
crowned with bu(he» bcarinf; the bear h
plum. Thtfe hrnps of fand arc lo, 15
and «5 feet high. On examining the
Ctound it apptarn that formerly the fiir-
facc wa« very level, but a few teet above
the tide, covered with a fliallow, black
foil, over a bed of fanfl. As winda or
any other caufe broke the foil, the f.iiid
beneath bc;;an to be blown, and lodge in
the bunches of plum buflics. Thcfc {tiu){-
gling for life, grew and rofc higher and
higher ; and the fand condantly accumu
lating, produced the prefrnt appearances.
In many places the black foil i!> now viliblc
at the bale of the pfle, whence the roots of
the buflics at the top proceed. There is a
valuable property of fait marfh, and at
the 3 end of the ifland, arc a or 3 good
farms. On the N end fland the light
houfes, and the remains of a wooden lort,
built during the war, for the defence of
the harbour. On the fea fhorc of this
ifland, and on Salifljury beach, the Mer-
rimack Humane Society have eredVcd fcv*
eral fmall houfes, furniOied with fuel and
other conveniences, for the relief of mari-
ners who may be fhipwrccked on this
coaft. The N end lies in lat. 43 4 N, and
long, 70 47 W. See Nctvbury Port.
Plumh Ifland, on the N £ ccad of Long
Ifland, in the State of N. York, is annexed
to Southhold in Suffield co. It contains
about 800 acres, and fupports 7 families It
isfertile.and produces wheat, corn, butter,
cheefe, and wqoI. It is three fourths of
a mile from the eaflern point of South-
hold. This ifland, with the fandy point
of Gardner's bland, form the entrance of
Gardner's Bay.
Plumb Point, Grtat, on the S coaft of
the ifland of Jamaica, forms the S £ limit
of the peninfnia of Port Royal, which
flielters the harbour of Kingfton. LitUe
Plumb Point lies weftward of the former,
towards the town of Port Royal, on the S
fide of the pepinfula.
Plumficad, a poft town of Pcnnfylvania,
fituated on the VV fide of Delaware Rjver,
36 miles N of Philadelphia, and 13 S by
VV of Alexandria, in New Jerfey.
Plymouth., a mat itime county in the eaft-
ern part of the State of Mafliachufctts,
having Maflachufetts Bay to the N E,
Briftol CO. S \\', Barnftable co. S E, and
Noifolk CO, N \V, It contains 30,073 in-
L-para
P I. Y
habitants, and is fubdicided into i ? t.Avn-
fliip'. of which I'lynuuith i» ihc tliitl".
Within the fo'iniics of iMvmcntli aiid
Hrillol, there wcie, in 1796, in cperiitirn,
14 blafl and 6 air furnacci, ar> lor^cJ, 7
Hitting and rolling inilK, InfuU-^ a num.
l)er of triphammer flxipi, and .in almoin
incredible number of niiil-lhopn, .'ud oih*
ifH for common finitlury. Tluic J'lir-
iijicfs, fiipplied from the iieij lil>ouriii;»
mints, produce annu.«l!y from i.^co to
1, 800 tons of iron ware. 'I'ht f ifjjet, 011
an aver.igr?, manufai.*lure more th.in i,c.-,>
tons annually, and the llirtiu;; and ru>i-
ing mills at leaft 1,500 tons. 'I'he vjii-
nus nianufatSturcs of thtic mills have
given rile to m.my othf.r i>t.lU(.'hc^ in iion
,ind fttel, viz. cut and h.immcred nail'',
loadcs and Ibovels, card teeth, f;iw«,
fcythts, metal buttons, cunnoii balls, bclln
fire arms, &c. In thefe cnuntits are alio
juanufav^liirtd hand-bellows, comb.s.llirc't-
iron for the tin manufaiiXure, wire, lin-
feed oil, fnufl', (lone and earthen ware.
The iron-works, called the Icderal Fur-
nace, are7 miles from Plymouth harbour.
Plymoutb,thc capital of the above coun-
ty, is 42 miles S from Bofton ; a poft town
and port of entry; bounded northerly by
Kingfton, and a line txtending ncrofs the
harbour to the Gurnet ; we fieri y by Car-
ver ; foutherly by fVarebam and Sandivhb,
and eafterly by the fea. The townfliip ii
extenlive, containing more than 80 fqnare
miles. It is about 16 milts in length, and
more than 5 in brerulth. The nutnber
of inhabitants, by the ccnfiis of 1791,
was 2,995. 'i'he Town, or principal let-
tlement, which contains mote than two-
thirds of the inhabitant?, is on the north-
eafterly part of the townlliip, near a
ftream callcl the Torvn h'rrjot, which flows
from a laijje pond, bearing the name of
Billin^ton Sej. One main llrtet croflcs the
flream, :md is interftCTed by three crofs
ftreets, extending to the lliot c : nnotlicr
ftreet nM).-. wcfttrly on the nortli tide of
the brook. Tlic town is conipat.?lly built,
and contains about ioo riwciling-liouics,
(the greater part of which are on the
nottl\ fide of the To.vn Brook) .i b.ind-
fome n-eeting houfe, court hiuife, and
gaol. There are two prctinO-ts ; (me in-
cludes the town, and tli^ illftri^l of [\i.hbs'
Hole, and Ed River ; t!v, othtr is at M'f-
vmfnt Ponds, a villasjc lying about 7 niiics
S from the town, beyond tie hi;^!! lan'U
of Monunent. Tlie foil near the co.-ill is
generally good ; tin- rc'ld-ic of tiic tnwn-
fliip is barren, and notwithltar.din; tiic
aiiti>iuiiy
i
ii\
y,v-
'1'-i
^ ^*
■ lii; i'J
- ' f
ni I
PLY
tintlquity of the ftttlemcnt, i« yet a forcft.
'J'lic wood is principally pine, thousli
there arc nuny traAi cnvrrcd witli oalc.
'i'iic hi<(bour u CAnucious, hut fltallow,
anil iH tormed by a long and uarrow nrck
(jf land, called Salibeu/t BtatL, extending
fdiithcrly from Marflifield, and ttrmiia-
tiii;; Ht the Gumrt Head, and by a fmaller
h(.acli within, running in an oppofite i\-
rcLtiDU, and coniiet^ed with the main
liiiul iii'iir Eel River, abmit 3 miles from
the town, There >a a light noufc on the
Curnrt, and on Sultitn/e Mtaib it placed
(<nc of the hnts rrtLlid and maintained
hy the Humane Society of Mufiachufettt,
for the reception and relief of (liipwieck*
ed mariners. There ii a breach in the
inner beach, which expofes the On'pjping,
even at the wharvei, d|tring an eafterly
florm.
The principal Iwrinefa of tbe lo«m ia
the €«J fficry, in which are employed
2,000 tons of (hipping, and about 300
men annually. There arc a few coafting
veflels belonging to the place, and % brigs ;
nnd 10 or 12 fchuonera, employed in for-
eign trade. Many of the finiing vcflVIs
make Toyages to the fouthem Sutes, ia
the winter feafou. The exports, which,
at the commencemcot of llie prefcnt fed-
eral government, were very inconfiilcra-
t>le, not exceeding 8,oco or ^fioo dollars
annually, are now refpedtablc. In 1795,
they exceeded 70/}co dollari,and in 1796,
they amounted to near 130^00 dollars.
Formerly the produce of the fi(hery was
fold at Bodun, or Salem ; it is now almoft
wholly exported fromthe town, and eoni-
tidcralnle quantities of fifli Ivave been l«to
ly purchafed at Boflun, and exported
from Plymouth. The proceeds of the
foreign voyages are generally conveyed
to Bofton for a market.
The lofles and fufieriogs of the Inhab-
itants of Plymouth, during the war for
independence, were extreme. Their veC-
lels were almoft all captured or left. The
fnen who ufed to be employed in them,
were difperfed in the fea and land fervice,
in which many of them loft their lives;
4 great number of widows and orphans
were left deftitutc ; bulinefs languiflied ;
4)Oufes, ftores, and wharves went to de-
cay, and a {general appearance of poverty
and deprcflion prevailed. A few years
of peace and good government have re>-
verl'cd this melancholy ftate of things.
A young, induftrious, and enterprizing
s-ace of feamcn has fuccecded to thofe
vk ho are gone ; bufincfs has revived ; the
PLY
navigHtion and fonuncrcf of lh«; \>hte
arc more rcfpi«!l.ih!c thin nt aiiv lormtr
pcri^id i llic iioulit :iic in g'joil n[n\r,
many new ones arc creeled, and a fpitJt
ot'cntcrprift tni improvinicrnt i» appar-
ent. An aesdcmy is contemplated: .1
valuable tlittitiv tnill, and other ivp;kk,
arecrctSlcd on the low n BriH>k. A n.ig(',
which goes twice a week to Cuflon, ii
well fuppoited; and an aquedudl for
bringing Ireili water to the houfts of the
inhabitants is more than half cuaiplcted.
The tuwnOiip abouuds with ponds aud
ftrcams. More than ico ponds appear
on the map lately taken by a committed
of the town, and iranfmitted to the Sec-
retary's oflice. fi/Uingto/i Sea is about z
miles from the town, and covers near 300
acres. From the ftream flowing from th'm
pond, the aqueduct will he fupplicd,
£»iiib Pond is much larger. Further S it
Hal/ Way Fond and Zwjf Pond. Near
Sandwich line is the Gnat Httriug Pond,
To 9>llington Sea, Halfway Pond, and
the Great Herring Pond, afewives refort
in their feafon in great abundance. Tlie
Criat Htrriwg Pond hat been contemplat-
ed as a refervoir for the proj,e(Sted canal
^crofe t)te ifihmus between Buxxard and
Barnfiabl* Bays. Many of the pondt
abound with white and red perch, pike,
and ether frcfh water fifh ; and in the
numerous brooks which run into the fea
in different parts of the townfhip, are
found excellent trout, Thefe ponds and
ftreams are often the fcenct of amufe*
nient for parties of both fexet, ia the iumi
mer feafon.
At the village of Monument Pondt and
Eel River, and in fome other parts of tl)e
townfhip, many of the inhabitants are
farmers. In the Town, the gardens are
numerous and well cultivated, and when
aided by the aquedutSl, will be produd-
ive equal to the wants of the inhabitants.
The fituation of the town is pleafant
and healthful. The eafterly winds of the
Spring, however, are diftrcfting to per-
fons of tender habits, aiid are uncomfort-
able even to the robuft. The market is
not regularly fupplied. Fuel, fifli, poul-
try, and wild fowl are plentiful and cheap-
er, perhaps, than in any other fea- port of
the lize. The people are fober, friendly,
and induftrious. It is the £rft fettlemcirf
in ^cw-£nglaitd, and is peopled, princi-
pally, by the defcendants pf the ancicDt
ftock. But few foreigners are among
them. The roek on which their forefath-
ers firft Undcdi trai coi^v^cd, in i* 74i
- ._ - , frow
frtmk the
of the to
will not i
'ng to Ca
■t Cfamfii
the town
days, vh
a««c»id th(
fit and rej
and pudd
them. A
fame road,
fovered w
pine knott,
dians at th
'ndent ufa
certain.
The chei
'uel, and th
are to be fc
«bly render
conriderabic
■leflic mano
al there, t
•t prefcnt <
""P'tal of th
citi lo whici
fofomtotht
profit.
'n the thn
Mportt were
Second
Third d
Fourth I
ta the firft
dollars. Thii
duced hy th,
<hc deprcdati<
'ontiherce of 1
^l^mouti, a
■eclicut,.contJ
^ymeiitb, a |
Oraftoa co. N.
of Baker't K\v
ftlls into the
*iles N of Co
*Jputh, and 4,
The townfliip \
Wd contains 74
Plymntb, a tc
oagoco. lately
J- Watfon, Ef
New England.
""'cs S F of Ge
«''v»ty on the E
commands a ch.i
''f 'he whole lali
•ne tnwnHiip of
tnrmerly called ,
are
in i774i
frmt the fhore to a r4(ure in the crntre ]
of the town. The ftntimental traveller t
%ill not fail to view it ; iiitd if he it pafT- ;
Ing to Cttpr Coil, he will {Mufc h moment
•t CtamptKHift ftnJ, about 7 miles from j
the town, tvlurt* the propic In ancient ,
day*, vhcn tr.iv'clling from the Cape to 1
attend the courts of H!}rmotiih, ufcd to
lit and rrMle (hcmfclve* with the cfami
■nd pudding which they brought tvith
them. A few mites further fouth, on the
fame road, are tUefmri/iit roelt, which arc '
covered with the dry iimlw of rree^ and
pine knot!, heaped upon (hem by the In-
dians ai they paf* by, in ohfcrvance of an ;
ancient ufage, the origin uf which i« un- ,
ceitain. I
The cheapncfa of Wvttig, the plenty of I
fuel, and the convenient tnill-feat* which '
are to be found m Plymouth, will prob- |
ably render It, at fome future period, a ^
conridcrable m^nnfatfturin); town. Do-
■leftic manaf3<flurei are now very gcucr-
al there, fifliery and foreign commerce [
at nrefbnt engage ahnoft all the adlivc !
Mpttat of the Iowa ; but the contiagen- ;
ciea to which they are cxpofed may lead I
ro fome otter Ibarcea of cmpfoymeot and j
profit. I
In 'the three lafl quarters of I796» the \
Mportt were as follows : j
Second quarter, 56,143 doHs.
Third ditto, 36,634
Fourth ditto, 36,006 !
In the firft quarter of the prefcnt year, '
(1797) they amounted only to 11466
dollars. T^iis diminution has been pro- .
duced by the apprchenfions excited by
(he depredations t^f the French Oa the .
eomrherce of the United States. '
Phmoutb, a town in Litchfield en. Con- '
MedticUt,. containing 1791 inhabitants. 1
Ffymoiitt, a polt, and half diire town in j
Oraflon eo. N. Hanipfliire, at the mouth '
of Baker's River, on its S fide, where it ]
falls into the river PemigewalTet ; 45
tnilei N of Concord, 71 N W of Portf- :
inouth, and 445 N £ of Philadelphia. |
The townflitp was incorporated iu 1763, '
aad contains 743 intubitant:),
Plymouth, a town of N. York, in Onon
dago CO. lately laid out and named by !
S. Watfon, £fq. a native of Plymouth, {
New England. The town lies about i%
miles S F of Geneva, on a beautiful de-
clivity on the E fide of Seneca Lake, and
commands a ch.uminj; and cxtenfivc view
of the whole lake. I'he town plat is in
•he townihip of Romulus, on the fpot
Jormcrly called AffU Tvuu, aud wa» the
P O G
head quarters of the Seneca Tndiiin«, nhn
were coiii](i'ri.d and difprrfcd l»v (J^n.
ikillivan, in his wcftcrn txpeditidH in
1779. The fituation i* hcrflthidl and
plcafimt, well watt rt;d by copioui liviinj
IprinRs ; upwardi of ao boufm wiro ImiU
here in 1796. Tl)f new Sritc ro.iel in-
tcTfr<fl« this town ; and here is a ftrry
acrors the lalcc to ancihcr thriviiiji town
on »he oppofitc fide.
PtymoHtb Company t Pttl.-nt, fic. !t> 1640,
Antifai Jhlti & Co, pure hadd of the « nl .
ony of New-Plymouth, and of tli- In-
dians, for ^^400 ftcrlins, paid iu if,(ij, A
traiSlofland, in the diftridl of Maine, tx-
tending, on the fca-coxG;, IJ miles on each
fide the month of Kennebec River, and
up faid river, tlie r«inc width, to n plMce
called IVeJtrunJtU, lifustcd on the li fide
of the river, where it bends weftwuid to-
wards Norridgwalk. A grcMt part of this
vahtabie tratfl has hctn fold «iu' fettled.
The Plymouth Companv, whicit K\\\ I'x-
ifti, have yet in poifTcrfron coufidcrabic
portions of the original purchalc.
Plym»ulb^ the nume of two townfliips
in Pcnnfylvanta, the one in Luxcrnc ro.
the other in that of Montgomery. 'I'hc
farmer has 746, the latter 57 -z inh .bit int>,
Plymtuti, a imall poft town of N. Car-
olina, on the S ftde of Roanoke River,
about 5 miles above A1l>eniarle Sound.
It is a3 miles S W by S of Edenton, and
463 from Philadelphia
Plymmttb, a fcttlement on the S pcnin-
fala of St Domingo, and in the depen-
dence of Jercmic.
Phmciuili'Toivn, in tl)'" in;«nd of Toba-
go, [a the W. Indies. N iat. 10 10, W
long. 60 3 a.
Piymouili, formerly .Saltafli, a townfldp
in Windfor co. Vermont, 13 miks W of
Windfnr, containing 106 inhabitants.
Plywfiton, a lownfliip in Plymouth co.
Maffachufctts, 45 miles S E of Bofton. It
contains 881 inhabitants.
Poeahontat, A town in Clieflerf;<Id cc.
Virginia, within the jurifdidlion of Pcttrf-
burg in Dinwiddie co. It probably de-
rives its name from the famous princef*
Pocahontas, the daughter of king fow-
hatan.
Poclrehejko, a river of New-Britain, N.
America.
Puoimoie, an eaftcrn water of Clicfa-
pcak Bp.y, naviti;ible a few mi!e«.
Pncolatigc, a "village of S. Carolina, T5
miles from Combaiite Ferry, and 67 from
Cbarledon.
/»*j<r, Cafe, thc N V. point of Chaba-
li'.'.iddick
f
V f i
'l^
! ■ 41
I ; t
i
P O J
PON
I qiufldick Mand, near Martha's Vineyard,
JVIafr.iciiulctts. From Holmes's Hole ti>
this cnpe the courCe is S E by E, 3J
leagues diftant. In the chiinir! between
them there are ii and ii fath :.!« water.
N lat. 41 »5, W long, from Grctnwich
70 »a.
Point, a townfliip of Nnrilnim'seriand
CO. Ptnnfylvania. It has 875 inhabitants.
Point A'-detian, the S W point of Bol-
ton harbour. N lat, 44 30, W long. 70 54.
Puini-au-Fcr, a place near the head or
northern p^rt of Lake Clumplain, within
the limits of tlic United States. It was
d(.Jivcred up by the Britifli in 1796.
Point Ic Pft, the eaftern limit of PnfTa-
jnacjiioddy Bay, on the coaft of New-
^Brunfwick.
Puinie dis PJ(res, a capc on the S fide of
the ill.ind of St. Domingo, 4 leagues \V
of the mouth of Pedernalts River.
Point yuJitb, in the townfliip of South-
Kingftown, is the 3 extremity of the weft-
f rn fhore of Narraganfct Bay ia Rhode-
Illand. It is 9 miles S S W of Newport.
14 lat. 41 14, W long. 71 a8.
Point Pcire, in the illand of Guadaloupe,
has (Irong fortificaiions,and lies about ao
miles from Fort Louis.
Point Pleafant, an iudifTcrent village on
the £ bank of the Ohio, juft above the
mouth of the Great Kanhawa. Near
thid place was fought ihs memo, -^blc bat-
rh; bftwccn a detachment of Virginia
miritia, und'^r Col. Lewis, and the Shaw-
anec and Delaware Indians. After a
!on<» and dubious confliiSt, the Virginians
remained mafters of the field. EUlcott.
Point St. George, a point of land extend-
iflg into the ocean on the weftern coaft
of Amtric'i, in lat. 41 46 N, long. 130 3
W. This point forms a bay on each fide,
and terminates in a fandy beach. Sev-
eral funkcn rocks and numerous break-
ers extend to t!)e fouthward of the point :
to tlie weftuard arc four rock illand.'.,
called Dragon Rocks, whicii completely
guard the bay on the N Ode of the point
from the .S and S W winds. The country
back is mountaiuous and barren.
Viiiicou-oer.
Pujtruhtccv!, called by the Spaniards
Vokan de Oiizaba, a cJchratcd moun-
tain in Mexico, or New- Spain, which be-
gan to fend forth fmokc in iS\Si ''"fl con-
liuued to do fo for 20 years; but tor twt)
<<niiirics p^ft, there has not been ob-
f» tvliI the I'lnaUcll H^mi of burniivj. The
luoniitain, wliirh is of a conic;il ligurc, is
iht li'^'irll 1.4nd ia Mexico, and is dcf-
cried by fcamen who arc ftecring that
way, at the diflaucc of jo leagues ; and
is higher tlian the Peak of TentrifE.'. its
top is always covered witii foow, and its
border adorned with lar^e Ci:(iar3, piiie,
and other trees of vahvtbic \vUvjd, which
make the profpcrt of it eveiy vuy bean.
tiful. It is 90 miles E of the city or Mex-
ico.
Poionca, a mountain in iCoftii«r:.pton
CO. Pcnnfylvauia, a» miles N W ol ••.-d-
ton.
Poland, a poft town in Cumbcrlani^ ;<).
Maine, 30 miles N of PoitLtud. k ]■:%
i.iiS inhabitants. The Liitle Am,:.;.-
koggin River runs through thi.s town, ■■ i
divi<les it in nearly equal halves. e
chain of pouds. called the '•' Rwige Poa,.'^,"
in this town, flow into the laitle AiiiMrif-
koggin, about 5 miles from its confluenee
with the Great Amariikoggin. r'hc
northern part of this town is now Mmof.
PoUiflcs JJlanJ, a fmill rocky illand,
about 80 or 100 rods iu circumference,
at the northern entrance of the High
Lands in Hudfon Riv^r ; remarkable on-
ly as the place where failors require a
treat of perfons who have never before
paiTcd the river.
PvmalaSa^'A village in the jurifditflion of
the town of Guafuntos, in the province of
Quito, famous for the ruins of a fortrert
built by the Incas, or aucient emperors of
Peru.
Pomfrct, a townfliip in Windfor co.
Vermont, contaiuliig 1,106 inhabitants.
It is II miles W of the ferry on Connedli-
cut River, in the town of Hartford, aud
64 N E of Bennington.
Ponfict, a pod town of Connedlicut,!ii
Windham co. It is 40 milts E by N ot'
Hartford, 66 .^ W of Bofton, and 464 N
£ of Philadelphia ; and contains a Coif
gregatiunal church. It is an excellent
townllnip ; the houfes ate handfome, and
the farms well cultivated. It was firft
fettled in xdZit by emigrants from Rox-
bury. It was part of the , Majhamo^utt
purchafc, and in 17 13 it wascre(5led into
a townfliip. Quinabaug River feparatc*
it from Killingly on the eaft. Inhabit-
ants i,Soa.
PomptoHy in Bergen co. N. Jerfey, lio«
on Ringwood, a branch of Pailaik River,
abo4it 23 miles N W of N. York city.
Pomfsy, a poft town in Onondago ca
N. York, incorporated in 1794. It ii:i»
j,3'52 inhabitants.
P(jiif.on. See EdjJIo Rivir, S. Carolina.
PviiU^ai trjiii, a lake of \V. Floruia, on
the fartei
tiful fliec
R with tl
Miffifippi
pas and II
"I'les long
with man
places h ai
«)unt of I
beach h
fockle fljci
fuffieicot u
adjacent co
j* from IS (
ing creeks I
Tangipaho,
Chefun«a«, ;
tile ifland .
mouth of wl
Bayou k of S(
*^e fame fid
*ho formeri'
Jhis Jake, chi*
making pitch
raifing ftock,
yery favoural
Ptnteharirdi
fxot, 8 by W (
W of Hocguai
fonttjue, or
roaft of Mexi
f ape Corientci
«le Valdcras.
»nd»of its nan
"lerc are aifo
I'onteqne, ao k
Matanchel.
Po»r Galley, j
galley between
Mountains.
Poojtau Laii,
miles long, and
contains 4 or
^hich lias 90 ;
*•»"» .1 miles 1(
«««u River, whi
'hrough J of th
f^, and falU j,
''de. oppofit€ M;
P*ouff,tmfuci, a
[uns a foutherJ}.
I '-"nnce^icut Riv
^■I'net, near th<
""le falls. It Js
h«edforthcqu«
f'"" it produces.
y«tUd 20 miles
'""'nfliip, in ,^^
'•t. I.
•.pton
by N I'i
id 464 w
ins a Coii-
excellc-nt
Ifome, and
was firft
from Rox
[ajhamogiitt
Uaed into
feparatcj
Inhahi^-
|erfey, li«'
Talk Rivu',
Ik city.
])udago CO.
L. It iv.>»
ICarolina.
L'loiida, 0"
POO
the faftcrn divtlion of Loutfiana, a beuU'
tiful flieet of water, which c»inm<inicatcs
fi with the Gulf of Mexico, and W with
Milfifippi River, through Lake Maure-
pas and Ibberville River. It is about 40
miles long, and 24 broad. It is furroundcd
with marfhes. and the landing in many
placet is attended witli difficulty, on ac<
count of mud. Towards the E end, the
beach h compofcd of large bodies of
rockle fliells, h-on) which lime is made
fufficient to fupply New-Orleans and the
adjacent country. Tlie water of the lake
is from la to (8 feet deep. The follow-
ing creeks fall into it on the N fide, viz.
Tangipaho, and Le Comble, 4 feet deep ;
Chefundta, 7 ; and Oonfouca, 6; and from
the $fland of Orleans, Tigalioc, at the
mouth of which was a fmall poll. The
Bayouk of St. John alfu communicates on
the fame fide. The French inhabitants,
who formerly refided on the N fide of
this lake, chiefly employed themfelves in
making pitch, tar, and turpentine, and
failing ftock, for which the country is
very favourable. See Afaurt/iat.
HuUbiHt & ElUcoH,
PontcbartraU, an illand in Lake Supe-
rior, S by W of Maurepai liland, and N
W of Hocquart Ifland.
Ptia* di jDio. See Ateyajue.
PoHltfue, or Pantique, a point on the W
roaft of Mexico, 10 leagues N by £ of
Cape Corientes, between which is the bay
lie Valderas. W of it are two fmall ifl-
»nds of its name, a league from the main.
There are alfo rocks, called the Rocks of
Ponteqite, 20 leagues S W of the port of
Matanchel.
Poor FalUy, a Very long and narrow
valley between Slanlcy Valley and Clinch
Mountains.
Poofiau Lake, in Hancock co. Maine, 9
miles long, and from t to 4 wide, and
contains 4 or 5 idands ; the Urged of
which has 90 acres. By an outlet of
about 3 miles long, it empties into Poo-
fliau River, which runs about 15 miles
through 3 of the newly iurvcyed town-
lliipt, and filiri into Penobfcot on the W
fide, oppofitc Marlh's Itland.
Ptoufntmfuck, a river of Vermont, which
runs a foutherly courfe, and talh into
Connecticut River in the townfliip of
Biirnet, near the Lower bar of the 15
mile falls. It is ico yardn wide, and
noted for the qutniity and quality of fal-
pmn it produces. On this river, which
i» fettltd ao miles up, arc foin: of the bcft
townHiips in the State.
V«u. I L J. I
P O R
Pol>a MaJre, a town of S. Anicrici*, iu
Terra Firma, 5c miles E of Carthagtna.
Nlat. 10 13, Wloiig. 74 3*.
Popayan, a province of S. America, in
Ntw-Gninada, about 400 mi':s in kngth
and 300 in breadth. Th< ccuiitiy isuii-
hcilthy, hut vaft quantities of gold are
found iu it. It i« fllil moftly iu poillilion
of tlic native AniericaUH.
Popayan, the Capital of the al>ovc prov-
ince, and a bifliop't, fct, inlubitcdchitilr
by Creoles. It is %io miles N E of (^1-
to, and contains lo.coo fouls.
Pfplar Spring, in the N W p.irt of Ann
Arundel co. Maryland, near a brook, 3
miles S of the W branch of Patnpfco Riy.
er, on the high road from Daltimore to
Frederickftown, about 27 miles Wot Bal-
timore, and 41 N W of Ann.-if>oIis.
PcpUn, a townfliip of N. HMmpfliire, in
Rockingham co. 12 miles W of Exeter.
It was incorporated in 17<;4, and contains
408 inhabitants.
Poquie CliouJie, a low flat point between
the gilt of Chcpagan and the viilnge of
Caraf uet,on the fouthern fide of Chalcur
Bay. It is about 4 leagues diftant from
the gut, in a S W direiftion. The ifland
of Caraquct, at the fame diflance from
the gut, lies in a W direcElion from the
main. The village is about 3 leagues in
extent ; its plantations, &c. has a church,
and a number of inhabitants, all Roman
Catholics. The oyiler and cud fiflieries
are carried on here.
Porcat, or Ifland of H»9s, Wei E of St.
Sebaftian's Ifland, on the coafl of Brazil^
and 40 miles E of the Bay of Saints.
Piiteas, Morra dtt or Itog^t Strand, on
the W coaft of N. Mexico, is N of Point
Higuerra, the S W point of the pcniafula
which forms the Bay of Panan^a. From
tlience fliips ufuallytake their departure,
to yo S for the coaft of Peru.
Poteo, a jurifdidlion of S. America, iu
the province of Charcos, beginning at the
VV end of the town of Potofi, about a.(
leagues from the city of La Plata, and
ixttr^ding about 20 leagues.
Ptirco, a town in the above jurifdirtion;
W >f the mines of Potull. S lai. 19 40,
VV long> 64 50.
Pur.upim, Capt. See B'o',trnrJo-:un,
Potpo.fc, Cap.; on the coaft of York co.
Maine, is 7 leagues N by F. of (';ipc Ned-
dock, and 5 S "W of Wood li'and. It is
known by the highlands of Ivenncbunk,
which lit to the N W of it. A vcfTcl that
draws 10 feet warer will In; .i^ioiind at
lg\T watur iu t4ic bat hour hue. It is fo
natifjw.
I
v-
.^
FOR
)
,.rfftrrov, that a vefTal cannot tiirb rcund ;
^ is within loo yards of the fca, and fecure
from all winds, whether you have an-
chor or not.
Portagey le Grand, on Lake Superior, in
U. Canada, leads from the N £ of that
lake to a chain of fmaller lakes, on the
communication to the northwcftern trad*
ing ports.
Pifrtage, Point, on the E coaft of New-
Brunfwick, and in the S W part of the
Gulf of St. Lawrence, forms the N limit
of Miramichi Bay, as Point Ecoumenac
does the S.
Port Amber/, a bay on the S E coaft of
Kova-Scotia, S W of Port Rofeway, and
.17 miles N E of Cape Sable.
PoYt Angel, a harbour on the W coaft
of Mexico, about half way between St.
Pbdro and Compoftclla. It is a broad
and open bay, liaving good anchorage,
' but bad landing. N lat. 13 3», W long.
97 4.
Port Antihh, in the N E part of the
ifland of Jamaica, Ires W by N of the N
£ point ; having Fort George and Davy
Ifland on the W, and Wood's Ifland £.
It is capable of holding a large fleet ; and
if it trere fortified and accommodated
for refitting fhips of war, would be of
great importance, as it is only 36 leagnes
W of Cape Tiburon in St, Domingo, and
Opens direcStly into the Windward Paf-
fage. The town of Titchfield lies on this
bay.
Porta Maria, in the N £ part of the ifl-
and of Jamaica, is S £ from Gallina Point.
Porta Pert, on the N W fide of the ifl-
ind of Newfoundland ; the S entrance in-
to which is 10 or 12 leagues from Cape
St. Gtorge.
Port au Prince, a jurifdidton and fca-
port, at the head of the Great Bay or
. Bight of Leogane, in the W part of St.
Domiiigo. The town, which is feated on
the head of the bay, is the feat of the
French government in time of peace, and
a place of confiderable trade. Though
Angularly favoured with the £ winds, it
was ipng the tomb of the unhappy Euro-
peans, in confcquence of the diificultjr of
obtaining good water. B^ the exertions
of M. de Marbois, who reuded here about
5 years, in conftrudting fountains, public
fcafons, and airy prifons, the place has be-
come far more healthy and delirable.
The jurifdidbion contains 6 pariflies, and
its exports from Jan. r, 1789, to Dec. 31,
of the fame year, were as follow : 2497 ,351
Ij^ wbit« lugar; 44,7t6,}}6 lbs. brown
P R
fugar ; 17,829,434 lbs. cofltce ; 1,878,999
lbs. cotton ; i37.95» lbs. indigo ; otticr ar-
ticles, as hides, molaiTcs, fpirits, &e. to the
value of 8,a48J livres. The total value
of dutiA en the above articles on expor-
tation was 189,945 dolls. 46 cants. Thi»
fine town was nearly burnt down by the
revolting negroes, in Nov. and Dec. 1791.
It is only fit for a fliipping place for the
product of the adjacent country, and for
that of the rich plains of the Cat de Sac
to the northward. The ifland of Oonave
to the weftward would enable a fquadron
to block up the port. The line of com-
munication between Port au Prince and
the town of St. Domingo, is by the {Mnds,
and through the towns of Neybe, Azua,
Bani, &c. ; the diftance from Port aa
Prince to St. Dominj^ city being 69
leagues E by S. To fliorten this way a
little, and particularly ' to render it lefs
difagreeablc, one may orofs tlie Brackifh
Pond in a canoe.. Port au Prince is 7
leagues E by N of the town of Leogane,
and about 50 8 by Z. as the voad runsi
from Port de Paii. N lat. 18 34, W long,
from Paris 74 45.
Pott Bapjk^, on the N W coaft of N.
America, lies S E of Pitt's Iftind, and N
W of Pbint Bukarelli.
Port Cabanmiion the N fide of the ifl-
and of (hiba, lies E by M of Bahia Hondu,
and W of Port Mariel.
Port Dauphin, a bay on the E coaft of
Cape Breton, about 18 leagues S by Wot'
Cape Rayein Newfoundland.
Port A Frantoit, a harbour on the N TV
coaft of N. America^lat. 58 37 N, long.
139 50 W. In the vicinity aro feverat
tribes of favages. Their women fpin and
weave the hair of animals into decent
cloth ; hats and bafkets of reeds are form-
ed with fkill. The men forge iron, fafli*
ion copper, and make tolerable engrav-
ings of men and animals in wood and
ftone. They inlay boxes with mother of
pearl. A dagger, a wooden lance, ftiarp-
ened and hardened in the fire, or pointed
with iron ; a bow and arrows tipped with
copper, are the ufual weapons. Their
canoes are 30 f . . long, 4 broad, 6 deep,
covered' with feai-flcins. They are excef*
fively prone to gaming ; it gives them a
fad| melancholy appearance. Their mu-
fie is melodious, but plaintive. Vegeta-
tion here is rapid, and feveral kinds of
ufcful vegetables and berries grow fpnn-
taneoufly. Pines are 18 feet round, and
14^ feet high. Trout, falmon, and ihell'
fifli are abundant in. thck ftreams aud
b»y«
PO R
PO R
8.99*
er at-
Lothc
value
ixpor-
Thi»
hy the
, I79»-
or the
ind for
deSac
}onave
aadron
:»t corn-
see and
! ponds,
;, Anua,
Port aa
ting 69
) way »
cr it lefa
Brackilh
ince «» 7
Leoganci
yni runsi
,,Wlong.
bayi. They file down their teeth level
with their gutn»- They burn their dead,
excepting the head, which is wrapped in
ikips, placed in a kind of bo^^, and fuf-
peudcd on poles. Their morals are fi)f-
iiciently abominable to endear thein to
modern iali4el<< They are n\oii filthy
and difguding, never wafliiiig the vefl'el,
which 4nfwer» for kettle, diOi and plate.
They {how no fympathy for otliers in
^iftrefs. They will rob their bed friends.
They fccm to worfhip the fun. Their
women offering theinf^lves to failors, pre-
fer the open fliore to the concealment of
tlicforefK bo degraded it fallen manwhere
be ip nu|. again exalted by the gofpel ; fo
>bru(al wh&re he is not iuftruded by the
prophet of Bcthleh^n* Fancouver,
Port dt Faix, ajuiifdidlion and feaport
on the N fide of the ifland of St. Domingo,
towards the weftem end, and oppoiite
the ifland of Tortue, 4 leagues diftant.
The jurilditHuon contains 7 pariOiesj the
exports from which, from Jap. i, 1789 to
Pec. 3 ^ , of the f Anie year, were a^ follow :
331,900 lbs. white fugar ; JiStSO'^ ^hs.
brown fygar ; I,957,6i^lb8. coffee ; 3.ii»54
lbs. cotton ; :^9,i3t lbs. indigo. The du-
ties qn exportation of the above amount-
ed to 9407 dollar^ 60 ccntr- It is 30
MgUfs N of St. MarH, 17 E by N of the
^Wt and igi wefiward of Cape Fran-
cpis. B^lat.X954,Wlong.froinP8ri«7Jia.
P«rt dt la Clujdier»,on the S coaft of St.
^omiiigo, )ies at the ea^m entrance of
the ^Ay of dcoa, which is 18 leagues W
iity, S of the city of St Domiqgo. This
port is large, open, and deep ^noy^h to
«^t veiielsilof 4ny burden.
Pitrt Deftre, a harbour on the E coaft
of Patagonia, S. America, where v^flfls
fuineUm^i touch in their paflage to the
S. Sea. It is itbout 150 miles N E of Port
St. Julian. S lat. 47 6, W long. 64 24.
^ort du Frik <, » |own on the northern
coaft pf the ifland of Cuba, having a good
haxi)04r< The town Qands in a large
neadow, where th? Spaniards feed nu-
iQcrous herds of cattle.
Pfft ^mitt, «n the N coad of one of
tho Falkland Ifles, and towards the "W
eod of that coaft It is one of the moft
cktenlive and commodious harbours in
the world ; lb that it has been afferted
that the whole navy uf Great-Britain
laight ride fe^urely m it. Commodore
Byron difcovered this excellent harbour
)p 177^, on being lent to take poffefllon
uf the illands for the Britifli government.
fart Slis^ttlb, Cumbctliind co. N. Jer-
fey. Here is a pod office ao6tniIetfroiA
Wafhington.
Forttr, a lake of Nova-Scotia, which
empties itfcif into the ocean, 5 leagues
eaiVivard of Halifax. It is 15 miles in
length, and half a mile in width, with
iHands in it,
Pcrttrfield, a fmall fettlemcnt in York
CO. Maine. It has 27 2 inhabitants.
Foriero, a river of Peru, which empties
intp tlic fea at the city of Baldivia.
Fort Jufiifn, or Fort St. Julian, a har-
bour on the E coafl of Patagonia, in S.
America, 1 jo miles S by W of Port De-
fire. It has a free and open entrance,
and fait is fouqd near it. The continent
is not above iQO leagues broad here, lie-
fides fait ponds, here are plenty of wild
cattle, horfes, Peruvian flieep, and wild
dogs i but the water is bad. S luc. 49^ 10,
W long. 68 44-
Furtland, a pofttown and port pf entry,
in Cumberland co. Maine. It is the lath-
ed town in Maine, and is fuuated on a
promontory in Cafcp Bj y, and was for-
merly a part of Faln^outh. It is jo miles
S by W of Wjfcaflet,*nd ; 23 from Boftoa.
In July, 1786, this part of the town, be-
ing the npft populous and mercantile,
and fituated on the harbour^ together
with the illaitds which belong to Fal-
mouth, was incorporated by the pame of
Portland. It has a moft e?ccellci>t, fafe,
and capacious Ivitbour, which is fcldom
or never completely frozc^ over. It Is
ne^r the main ocean, apd is cafy of a;-
cefs. The inhabitapts carry on a confid-
erablc foreign trade, build mips, and are
largely concerned in the filhcry. It is
one of the molt thrivine commercial
tpwns in the Commonwestlth of MaHii-
chufetts. Here are two banks, by the
p^mes of PortL-tnd and Maine iQanks. It
is contemplated to complete, t^ road, al-
ready in fnrwardnefs, from D^oviUc, in
Vermont, through Bath, in N. Hampfliirc,
and under the northerly (idc of Moofi;-
hillock Mountain, and tiiepcc to this
town. The dlftance from Bath is jiboui/-
100 mil^s. This road will in time, prob-
ably, turn the trade of all thiti northern
country to Portland* Although three-
fourths af it was laid in afhe^ by ^|)v
Britifii fleet in (775* it hasfince Ixen' en-
tirely rebuilt, and contains 3,704 iuhab-
itants. Among its public buildings are
3 churches, 2 for Congregntionalifts, and
I for £pif(opalian3, and a han^omc
court houre. A light hoiife was crcdtcil
in 1790, on a point of land calUd Fort-
land
; \\
MM
'Jli
*
*:'i;
■ Vi
■ ■■ t.
^1
■ i. 1
P R
had Head, «t the entrance of the htN
bour. It is a Aone edifice, ^ z feet high,
ciciuflve of the lantern, and (tands in
l^'- 43 39* N, and long. 69 51 W. The
following directions are to be obferved
in coming into (he harbour. Bring the
light to l^ar N N W, then run for It.ai-
Ijwing a fmall dilUnce on the larboard
hand ; and when abread of the fame,
then r«n N by W. This rourfe will give
good anchorage from half a mile to a
mile and a half. No variation of the
( ompafs is allowed, The works tretfled
'" 1795^ for the defence of Portland,con-
fift of a fort, a citadel, a battery for 10
pieces of cannon, an artilltry-ftore, a
gnard-houfr, an air fqrnace for heating
Slot, and a covered way from the fort to
the battery.
PittUnd Head, in Cafcn Bay, Maine,
the promontory 00 which the light houfe
above defcTibed (lands. From the light
houfe to Alden's Ledge, is 4 leagues S S
£. High water in Portland harbour, at
full and change, 45 minutes after 10
o'clock. Sec Ptrtland.
Portland Point, on the S coad of the ifl-
and of Jamaica, and the mod foutherly
land in it, lie» iq lat. 17 48 ^, and long.
V 4» W,
PortlocVt HarSrur, on the N W coaft
of N. America, lias a narrow entrance.
The middle of the entrance lies in lat. ^7
43 30, and long. 156 41 3<^ W.
Pott Marfuii, a harbour on the coaA
of Mexico, in the N. Pacific Ocean, 3
miles £ of Acapulco, where Ihips from
feru frequently land their contraba^id
£ocds. N lat. 17 47, W long. io» z6.
Porto Bellof a feaport town of S. Amer-
ica, having a good harbour on the nor-
thern iide of the Ifthmus of Parien, in
the province of Terra Firma Proper,
nearly oppofitc to Panama on the fouth-
crn fide of the iflhrnus. ft is Qtuated cicfe
to the fea, on the declivity of a mountain
■which furrounds the whole harbour. It
^bounds with reptiles in the rainy feafon,
und at all times is very unhealthy; and
is chiefly inhabited by people of colour,
and negroes. It was taken by Admiral
Vernon in 1741, who demoliflied the
fortifications, N lat. 9 34 35, W long, 8i
tit. As this town may probably foon be-
come a bone of contention, and perhaps
change its mailers, the following account
of it, which not long fince appeared in a
l^ojidon paper, may he acceptable. "This
• Otbtr accounts fj^ 44 %.
? O R
town, fo thinly inhabited by reafon of in
noxious air, the fcarcity of provifions,
and the barrennefs of its foil, becomes, at
the time of the galleons, one of the mofl:
populous places in all S. America. Its
Ittuation on the ifthmus betwixt the S and
N fea, the goodneff of its harbour, and
its fmall dilUnce from Panama, have giv«
en it the preference for the rendezvous
of the joint commerce of Spain and Peru,
at its fair.
On advice being received at Carthage'^
na, that the Peru fleet has unloaded at
Panama, the galleons make the bed of
their way to Porto BeNo, in order to
avoid the didempcrs which have their
fourre froin idlenefs. The concourfe of
people, on this occalioQ, is fo great as to
raife the rent of lodging to an exceffive
degree ; a middling chamber, with a clofi
et, lets, during the fair, for a thoufand
crowns, aad fome large houfes for four,
Qve, or fix thoufand.
The (hips are no fooner moored in the
harbour, than the fird work is, tu cre<fl,
in the fquare, a ten^, made of the ibip's
fails, for receiving its cargo ; at which
the proprietors of the goods are prefent,
in ordef to find the bales, by the marks
which didinguifli them. Thefip bales are
drawn on dedgec, to their rcfpedlive pla-
ces, hy the crew of every (hip, and the
money given them is propprtionably di'-
vided. Whild the feamen and European
traders are thus employed, the land it
covered with droves of mules from Pa-
'i)ama, each drove confiding of above
an hundred, loaded with che(h of gold
and filver, on account of the merchanii
of Peru. Some unload them at the ex-
change, others in the middle of the fquare;
yet, amidd the hurry and confufion of
Aich crowds, no theft, lofs or didurbanrr,
is ever known. He who has feen this
place during the t'umpt muerfoy or dead
time,foIitary,poor,and a perpetual filence
reigning every where, the harbour quite
empty, and every place wearing a mel-
ancholy afpe<St, tnud be filled with aftoii-
iflimcnt at the fudden change, to fee the |
budling multitudes, every houfe crowded,
the fquare and drcets encumbered with I
bales and cheds of gold and filver of all |
kinds: the harbour full of iliips and ve^
fels, fome bringing, by the way of Rio I
de Chape, the goods of Peru, as cacao, f
quinquina, or Jcfuits' bark, Vienna woo', I
and hezoar done?; others coming fromf
Carthagena, loaded with provifions; and!
thus a iuot, at all other tim(s dett^ed !c'\
m
its dcleti
pie of
world, a
confider;
the whol
The fl
•nerchani
prcfident
comes un
purpofe t
ties repaii
the galltc
comniodoi
tna(thefo
aof, and tl
prices of tJ
ire fettled
adjufted in
coutradls :
that every
t/Jem in th(
fraud is pr<
faies, as likt
are tranfatf
Spain and V
begins to dil
ilh brokers
money, and 1
the goods thi
called chatas
Chagre, Aii
|o ends.
Formerly
particular tii
fuch a fickly j
health of the
tranfmitted a
not lad above
that in whic
chor in the hj
'pace of time
agree in their
be allowed to
country tp P
commodore o
'tembark thcj
gcna; otherwi
pet wccn them
and ratified by
dcr is to fend
count, beyond
contrary, thofc
•nittanccs to Sc
there.
Whild the M
'end an annual
"if", flic ulcd t(
^a'go on her o,
nrft to touch at
Wga|qne\vasm
n of in
vifinnti
imes, at
\c mod
ca. lt«
it S and
ur, and
avc giv»
dezvout
id Peru,
larthage*
ni<ded at
• bcft of
order to
^vc their
courfc of
real as to
exceffrve
ith a clofi
thoufand
I for four,
)red in th?
I, to «rc<ft,
the fliip's
at which
ft prefcnt,
the mark*
fe bales are
pcAive pla-
ip, and the
ionably dit-
d Europcai;
he land i«
es from Pa-
g of above
efts of gold
merchantt
at the ex-
fthefquare;
confufion of
diftprbancr,
as feen tbi*
r/o, or dead
ctual lilence
irbowr quite
aring a mel-
with aftou-
., to fee the
_afe crowded,
nbered with
filver of all
lip and vc(' I
way of R"" I
u, as cacao, I
Vienna woo'iF
;oming it»^[
vifions; audi
dctefted fo'l
m
FOR
its dcleterioui qualities, becomes th« (U '
pie of the riches of the old and new
world, and the fcene of one of the mnft
confidcriible branches of commerce on
the whole earth.
The fliips being unloaded, and the
merchants of Peru, together with the
prcfident of Panama, arrived, the fair
comet under deliberation ; and for this
purpofe the deputies of the feverai par-
ties repair on board the commodore of
the galleons, where, in prefence of the
commodore, and the prcfident of Pana-
ma (the former, as patron of the Europe-
anf, and the latter, of the Peruvians) the
prices of the feveral kinds of mcrchandife
are fettled; and all preliminaries being
adjufted in three or four meeting*, the
coutraAs are figncd and made public,
that every one may conformi himfelf to
t|)em in the fa|e of his efFetfts. Thus all
fraud is precluded. The purchafes and
fales, as likewife the exchanges of money,
arc tranfa<Sted by brokers, both from
Spain and Peru. After this, every one
begins to difpofe of his goods ; the Span-
ifli brokers embarking their chefts of
money, and thofe of Peru fending away
the goods they have purchafed, in vefiefs
called chatas and bongos, up the river
Chagre, And thus the fair of Porto Bel-
le ends.
Formerly this fair was limited to no
particular time; but as a long (lay, in
fuch a fickly place, extremely afletSted the
health of the traders, his Catholic m<ijefty
tranfmitted an order, that the fair fliould
not laft above forty days, reckoning from
that in which the fliips came to an an-
chor in the harbour ; and that, if in this
fpace of time the merchants could not
agree in their rates, thofe of Spain ihould
be allowed to c<irry their goods up the
country tp Peru ; and accordingly the
commodore of the galleons has orders to
recmbark them, and return to Cartha-
gena ; otherwife, by virtue of a compadl
Between the merchants of both kingdoms,
and ratified by the king, no Spanifli tra-
der is to fend his goods, on his own ac-
count, beyond Porto Bellp : and, on the
coutrary, thofe of Peru cannot fend re-
mittances to Spain, for purchailng goods
there.
Whilft the Englifli were permitted to
fend an annual fiiip, called aavto Je ptr-
miffo, flie ufcd to bring to the fair a l.trge
targo on her own aceount, never failing
firft to touch at Jamaica, fo that her load- 1 1
iflg a|un? \v?s inof? <han half qf aU thofe |j
P R ^
brought by the g.nlleon!»; for, bcHdes thpt
her burthen fo far exceeded 500 Spanilii
tons, that it was even more than 900,
flie had no provifjons, wnter, or other
things, which fill a great part of the hole-;
Ihe indeed took them in nt Jamaica, from
whence the was attended by five «»r fix
fnialkr veflels, loaded with gmids, which,
when arrived near Porto BtHo, were put
on board her, and the proviiions removed
into the tenders ; by which aitifire the
fingle fliip was mule to carry mure th;4n
five or fix of the largcit galleons. 1 his
nation having a free trade, and felliiij;
cheaper than the Spaniards, that indul-
gence was of infinite detriment to tiic
commerce of Spain.
In the dead time, all the trade flirrinj
here confifls in provituins from Cartha-
gena; and cacao and quinquina, down
the river Ch.igre : the tormtr 13 Cdrricd
in fmall vcflcis to Vera Cruz, and the
quinquina either depofitcd in ware ht»u-
fes, or put on board fliips, which, with
permiilion, come from Spain to Nacara-
qua, and Honduras ; thefe fliips alfo take
in cacao. Some fmall vefTcis likewife
come from the iflands of Cuba, La Trin-
idad and St. Domingo, Tvith cacao and
rum.
Frefli water pours down in (Ireama
from the mountains, fome riinning with-
out the town, and others crolling it.
Thefe waters are very light and digeflive,
and in thofe who are heft ufed to them,
good to create an appetite ; qualities,
which in other countries would be very
valuable ; but are here pernicious. '( his
country fecnis fo curfed by nature, that
what is in itfcif good becomes here dc-
ftrudive. For doubtlefs, this water in
too fine and a(Sive for the ftomachs of
the inhabitaiUH ; and thus produces dv-
fentaries, the lift ftage of all othir dil-
tempers, aud which the patient very fel-
doin fuivives. Thefe rivulets, in thtir
defcent from the mountains, form little
rcfervoirs or ponds, whofe coolnefs is in-
trtafcd by the fhade of tile trees, and in
thefe all the inhaliitants of the town
bathe themlelvrs conftantly every day^t
II in the morning; and the £uropeaii«
fail not to follow an example fo pleaianc
and rcmducive to hcalili.
Ai thefe forefts almoft Iwrder on the
houfcs of the town, the tigers oiteii make
incurfioiis into tlie ftrects during ttir
night, carrying oil' fowls, lioos, and otiitr
domeftic creatures ; and lonictinus evcu
boys have failtit a prey to them ; and, it
V
«t?M
''%
%
/ * !» R
ij certain, that ravenous beads which pno-
vide tlitmrelves with food in this manner,
«ire afterwards known to dcfpife what
the fond aObrds; and, that after tafting
human deCli, they (liglit that of hearts.
Bcfidcs the fnarcs ufually laid for them,
the Negroes and Mulatt(>e8,who fell wood
in the foreds of the mountains, arc very
dexterous ia encountering the tiger; and
Ibmc, even on account of the flcndcr re-
ward, fceic them in their retreats. The
arms in this combat, feemingiyfo danger-
ous, are only a lance, of a or 3 yards in
length, made of very ftrong wood, with
the point of the fame hardened in the fire,
and a kind of fcimetar, about 3 quarters of
a yard in kngth. Thus armed, they ftay
till the creature makes an aflkult on the
left arn>, whicli holds the lance, and is
wrapped np in a ihort clokc of baize.
Sometimes the tiger, aware of the danger,
fcems to decline the combat ; but his an-
tagonifl: provokes htm with a flight touch
oi [he lance, in order, while he is defend-
ing himfeif, to Rrike a furc blow ; for as
foon as the creature feels the lance, he
grafps it with. r,ne. of his paws and with
the ether ftrikeij at the arm which holds
it. Then it is th^s the perfon nimbly
aims a blo'A- T.-.tfi ]ii6 fcimctac, which he
kept confcalt'd I'ith the other hand, and
hamftrings th- creature, whkh immedi-
ately draws b^ick enraged, but/eiurns to
the charge ; when receiving adother foch
ftroke, he is totally deprived of his moft
dangerous weapons, and rendered inca-
pable of moving. After which the perfon
kills him at his leifure, and ftrippmg off
the fkin, cutting off the head, and the
fore and hind' feet, returns to the town,
difplaying thcfe as the trophies of his
riftory."
Perto Catello, a maritime town of the
Caraccas, in Terra Firma, South. America,
6 leagues from Leon ; chiefly inhabited
by flftiermen, failurs, audfad^ors,
Porto Cavalto, a fea port town in Terra
Firma, on the coaft of the Caraccas. The
Britifli loft many men here, in an unfile-
<efsful attack by fea and land, iu 1743.
N iat. 10 20, W long. 64 30.
Porto del Pri»'.iptf a fcaport on the N
coafl of the ifland of Cuba, 300 miles S
£ of the Havannah, and 186 N W of
Baracoa. It was formerly a large and
rich town, but being taken by Capt.
Morgan, with his buccaneers, after a (lout
refinance, it never recovered itfclf. Near
it are feveral fprings of bitumen.
Potto £ii9, one of the Antille Iflaads, j,
P R
in th« %V. Indies, bcIoii<{ing to the Span-
iards, about iconiiliii lo>ig,i<nd 4obr(iad,
and contains abo'tt 3,aco ii^uare miles.
It is ao leagues £ S £ of thu ifland of St.
Domingo. The Iand» iire beautifully di-
vcrfified with wood.s, vailics, and plains,
and are very fruitful, yielding the fame
produce as tiic other iflands. I'he ifland
is well wateied by fprings and rivers, liiu
is unhealthy in the rainy feafons. Gold^
which firfl induced the Spaniards to ftt-
tie here, is ao longer found in any cnn>
(iderabic quantity. In 1778, this ifland
contained 80,660 inhabitants, of whom
only 6,530 were Haves. There were thtn
recKoncd upon the ifland, 77,384 head
of horned cattle } "i-iA^S horfcs ; 1,515
mules; 49,058 head of fmall cattle ; 5,861
plantations, yielding 1,737 quintals of fu-
gar; 1,163 quintals of cotton; 190:56
quintals of rice ; 1 5,1 1 6 quintals of maize ;
7,458 quintals of tobacco, and 9,860 quin-
tals ofmolafTcs.
Porto Jlico, Of St. yuan Jc Porta Rico,
the capital town of^the ifland of its name,
flands on a finall ifland, on the N fide of
the ifland of Porto. Rico, to which it is
joined by a caufeway, citcnding acrofs
the harbour, which is very fpacious, and
where the largeft veflTels may lie in the
utmoft fecurity. It is large and well
built, and is the fee of a bifhop; and the
forts and batteries are fo well fituated
and flrong, as to render it almoft inaecef*
fible to an enemy. It was, however, ta-
ken by Sir Francis Prake, and afterwards
by the carl of Cumberland. It is bc^cr
inhabited than mod of the Spanifh towns,
being the centre of the contraband trade
carried on by the Britiih and French,
with the king of Spain's fubjcAs. In
1615, the Dutch took and plundered this
city; bttt could nut retain it. M Iat. it
ao, W long. 6i 35.*
Porto Santo, an ifland on the coad of
Peru, a league W N W of the port and
city of Santo or Santa, nearly oppofite thp
port of Ferol, a league diftant N, and 9
N W of Guanape Uland.
Porto Satto, a port fituated in the mouth
of the river of its name, on the coafl of
Peru,N N £ of Point Ferol, and 6 leagues
S £ of Cape de Chao or Chau, and in
Iat. 8 47 S.
Port Paix. See Port an Paix.
Porto StgurOf a captainfhip on the coaft
of Brazil, in S. America, bounded £ by
the government of Rio dos Hilios { N by
the •Soutii Atlantic Ocean $ S by Spirits
Sdnto, and W by the country of the Tu-
picli
pick Indi«
Porto S,
captainflii
mouth of
inhabited
Jong. 38 5c
Pott A
Delaware,
River, and
on the £ b
tains about
miles belofi
Jtftdy Ifland
Ptrt gey,
Carolina, IS
on the W b
•ong,andal
the pleafimt
•xcellent hi
the largeft <
*f agues N E
the mouth ol
.".Wlong.S
it is high w«
*tr paft 8 o'c
J'trt Royml
tafoli, Reytt,
. f<'rt Roial,
the S bank «
Caroline co.
plan, and c<
which make j
«g built of b
viz. for Epifc
Methodifb.
erickiburg, an
N Iat. 38 ,j, \
J'ort Soyat^
•f Jamaica, fo
fxaya, once a ]
and importanc
teduced by re|
•feets, a few L
It contains, hoi
for heaving dm
£>'P», the nav
fof.a 'cgiment
cations are kep
vie in ftrcngth,
fffi in the Br
eellence of the
were lb allurin
the town had b
dtftroyed, (firft
the 9th of June
»re, 10 years afl
ncane in 178a,
''td) that the
'ailed upon to
'I'ot. After this
P O R
pick Indtant. The country is very fertile.
P»rt9 Segur; the capital of the above
captainfhip, is on the top of a rock, at the
mouth of a river on the fea coaft, and
inhabited by Portoguere. S lat. 17, W
long. 38 50.
Poit Am, a town of Newcaftle co.
Delaware, on the W ihore of Delaware
River, and fcparatcd from Reedy Ifland
on the £ by a narrow channel. It con-
tains about 30 or 40 houfei, and lie^ 50
miles below Philadelphia. See Penn and
Xetdy Ifland,
Port Siyal, aa iflaad on the coaft of S.
Carolina, is feparated from the main land
on the W by Broad River. It is 1 1 miles
long, and about i broad, and on it (lands
the pleafant town of Beaufort. It has an
excellent harbour, fufGcient to contain
the largell fleet in the world. It h fix
leagues N E ^ E of Tybee light houfe, at
the mouth of Savanaali River. N lat. 3;*
I3,W long. 8054. At Pott R»yat Entrance
it it high water at full and change a quar-
ter paft 8 o'clock.
Port Roytdt in Nova S«oti«. See An-
lufotu JieyaL
Pert Jttyal, a poft town of Virginia, on
the S baok of Rappahannock River, in
Caroline co. It is laiA out on a regular
plan, and contains about zoo honfes
wMeh make a handfome appearance, be-
ing built of brick. Here are 3 churches,
viz. for Epifcepalians, PreftytCrians and
Methodifts. It is »t miles S £ of Fred-
erickiburg, and 930 S W of Philadelphia.
NIat. 38i3<WloBg. 77 34.
Port R^ah on the S fide of the iftand
«f Jamaica, formerly called Punta de Ca-
fmiy*, once a place of the greateft wealth
and importance in the W. Indies, is now
reduced by repeated calamities to three
ftreets, a few lanes, and about aoo houfes.
It contains, howtvcr,the royal navy yard,
for heaving down, and refitting the King's
ihips, the naval hofpitai, and barracks
for a regiment of foldiers. The fortifi-
cations are kept in excellent order, and
vie in (Irength, it is faid, with any fort-
refs in the Brttifli dominions. The ex-
cellence of the harltour, and its tituation,
were fo alluring, that it was not until
the town had been tiiree times entirely
deftroycd, (firftby a terrible earthquake,
the 9th of June, 169a ; then by a great
fire, 10 years after, and laftly, by a hur-
ricane in 178s, the mod terrible on rec-
ord) that the inhabitants could be pre-
vailed upon to relinquifli this ill-fated
ipot. After this lad calamity, they re-
FOR
folvtd to remove to thr oppofitf fulc of
the Bay, where they built Khg/',i; now
the capital of the KlAiid. In tin; harbouc
of Port Royal, vcflcl;* of 700 tons can lie
clofe along fliore. N lat. 18, \V long.
7645.
Port Royal, a town nnd harlv,)ur in the
ifland of Martinito, Wt t int'.ies ; which,
with St. Peter's, are the chief i»iaccs of
the ifland. N lat. 14 36, W lonj;. 61 9,
Port R^jal, in the ifland ut Ocalicite.
Pert Royjly au idand and hAri>o«r in
the S W part of the duit" of Mexico, at
the bottom of the bay of Campe.^chy.
The harbour is 18 leagues S W by S
Cbampetan ; and the iHand, 3 miles long
and z broad, lies W of the harbnar.
Port St. yobn, a fmall town in tht prov-
ioce of Nicaragua, in New Spain, at the
mouth of a river on tlie Narth Pacific
Ocean. The harbour is fafe and capa-
cious, and IS the feaport of the city of
Leon, 30 miles to the S £. N lat. xa 10,
W long. 87 38.
Pertjfmoutb, the metropolis of N. Hamp-
fliire, and the largeft town in the Sutc*
and its only fca-port, is fitnated about %
miles from the fea, en the S fide of PiC
cataqua River. It is the half-fliire town
of Rockingham co. and its harbour is one
of the fineft on the continent, having a
fufficient depth of water for vcldeis of
any burden. It is defended againft fhirms
by the adjacent land, in fuch a maoiier,
as that Ihips may fccurely ride there in
any feafon of the year ; nor is it ever
frozen, by reafon of the f^reugih of the
current, and narrownefs of the chaoncL
Bcfides, the harbour is fo well fortified
by nature, that very little art will be
neccfTary to render it impregnable. Its
vicinity to the fea renders it very con-
venient for naval trade A light houfe,
with a iingle light, (lands on Ncwcatde
Ifland, at the entrance of the harbour,
in lat. 43 J N, and long. 70 4 1 W. Ships
of war "have been built here ; among
others, the America, of 74 guns, leuncl>-
cd November, 1781, and prefentcd to the
king <:f France, by the Congrcfs of
the United States. Portfmouth coatainit
j,339 inliabitants, three CongrcgadQn«l
churches, t Epifcopal church, t for Uni-
verfalifts, a State-houfe, 4 fchonl-houl-
es, a work-houfc, and 4 banks. The ex-
ports for one year, ending Sept. ,'»n, 1794,
amounted to the value of 153,865 dol-
lars. A fettlement was begun here in
i6»3, by Captain Mafon and other mer-
ehanti» among whom Sir F. Gorge* had
a Oiarc.
* f mx
•^1
tt
fi.
■ j<
ii
M
P O R
a fliarr. They dcligncd to carry on the '
lifliery, to make fait, trade with the na* '.
fives, and prepare and collcdl lumber.
A* agriculture was only a fecnndary oh-
jedl, the fettlcment failed. The town
was incorporated in 1633. '^ '* lomtlet
S W of York, %% N of Ncwbury-Port,
and 65 N N E of Bodon.
Portfmoytb, a townfliip of good land on
the N end of Rhode-Illand, Newport co.
containing 1684 inhahitantt, on the road
from Newport to Briftol.
portfmoutbf a fmall fea-port town of N.
Carolina, in Carterv't co. on the N end of \
Core Dank, near Ocrecock Inlet. Its chief
inhabitants are fifliermen and pilots.
Port/mouth, a pod town, pieafant, flour-
ifliing, and regularly built, in Norfolk co.
Virginia, on the W fide of Elizabeth Riv>
er, oppofite to and a tnile diflant from
Norfolk ; both which conditute but one
port of entry. It contained, in 1790,
about 300 houfes, and 1 701 inhabitants,
including 616 flavei. It is 11 1 miien E
by S of Peterfburg, and 333 from Wafh-
ington. See No^oit.
Pert/mautb, a town on the N W fide of
the ifland of Dominica, in the W. Indies,
on Prince Rupert's Bay, between the fait*
works and the coaft.
Port Tobacco, a pod town of Maryland,
and capital of Charles co. fituated a little
above the confluence of two fmall ftreams
which form the creek of its name, which
empties through the N bank of the Pa-
towmac, at Thomas's Point, about four
miles below the town. It contains about
80 houfes, and a large Epifcopal church,
not in good repair, and a ware>houfe for
the infpeiStion of tobacco. In the vicini-
ty are the celebrated cold waters of
Mount Mifery. It is 52 miles S W of
Annapolis, 83 S S W of Baltimore, and
34 from Wafliington.
Portugal Point. See Tortue.
Pottugueft America, or Brazil, lies be-
tween the equator and the 35th degree
of 8 lat. andjbctween 35 and 60 W long.
On the coad kre three fmall iflands, where
ihips touch far provifions on their voy-
age to the S. Seas, viz. Fernanda, St. Bar-
bare, and St.Catberiittj. See Brazil. Since
the difcovery of the mines of Brazil, that
is, within the laft 70 or 80 years, Portu-
gal hits drawn from Brazil «,400 millions
of livres, or 100 millions of pounds fter-
ling. Or.TKles thcfe large fums of money,
ilie receives from Brazil large quantities
of cocoa, fugar, rice, train-oil, wha!e-
huoc, cufTcc, and niedicinal druj>«.
P u
Ptiapeugt, Middlefcx co. ConnedVicut.
Here is a poft office 368 miles from Wafli-
ington.
Potato*, a bay on the S coad of the ifl-
and of St. Chridopher's, W. Indies.
Potofi, a town in Peru, in the archbifli-
opric of Plata and province of Ixm Char-
cot, 75 milei S E of the city of La Plata.
The famous mountain of this name is
known all over the commercial world,
for the immcnfe quantities of fllver it
hat produced. The mines in its vicinity
are now much czhauded, although dill
very rich ; and the town, which once
contained 90,000 inhabitants, Spaniardi
and Indians, (of which the latter com-
pofed ibout four-fifths) does not now
contain above 25,000, according to Rub-
ertfon, but Holms cdireates them at
100,000. The principal mines are in
the northern part of tne mountain, and
their dire<£tion it from N to S. The mod
intelligent people of Peru have obferved
that this is the general diredlion of the
richeft mines. The fields round Potoli
are cold, barren, and bear little elfethan
oatt, which feldom ripen, but are cut up
and given for forage in the blade ; and
provifions are brought here from the
neighlx)uring provinces. Lat. ax S, long.
77 W.
Pottort, a townOiip of Centre co. Penn-
fylvania, on Sufquehannah River, has
1 170 tnhAtitants.
PottwfloviHy in Huntington ca N. Jer-
fey, is aoout 5 miles E of Lebanon, and
about 21 N W of New-Brunfwick.
Pottfgrove, a pod town of Pennfylvania,
on the N bank of Schuylkill River, 17
miles S E of Reading, and 37 N W of
Philadelphia.
Pougbtrepjie, a pod town and capital of
Dutchefsco. N. York, delightfully fituated
a mile from the E bank of Hudfon's River,
and contains a number of neat dwelling!),'
a court houfe, a church for Prefbytcrians,
one for Epifcop^lians, and an academy.
Here is alfo a printing office. It is about
28 miles N W of Danbury, in Conne<fbicut,
84 N of New York city, and 8i S of Al-
bany. The towniliip is bounded S by
Wappinger's Kill, or Creek, and W by
Hudfon River, It contains 3,246 inhab-
itants.
Pouhney, a fmall river of Vermont,
which falls into Ead Biy. In 1783, the
river burft through its bank, near the
place where it teceives Cadleton River,
and formed a new channel, leaving itt
former bci' . dry.
Pmltntji
pod towii
•dWby]
joins Skec
tains 1,69,
coadof Si
N^i/Tatt, or
PoundrU
•». N. Yorl
Conncclicu
*»/ Bedforc
•fltr.,
Povtlt't
Cjinch Rive
"•lies N £ ol
navi«»bl9 in
.H'ttvfli'i y
C^bcrJand
wand 90 mi
tfltlg wide.
•wtw^ien Viro
"9*JQn^unifo
*^h and rid,
"^'iPWofthi
"•"y/ttonga
,''?^« '» good i
'ubfious. Grai
?S5p:^flce parr
fords many elet
•"^/•ful r„ads
Vwrie, of. flo„
forWdiag;,,
»*jeofij outlet fo
nl'sP--
n'>
K Jer-
n'» River,
IweUing!))'
Lytcrians,
]jcadcmy.
18 about
Uc<Skicut,
T S of Ai-
ded Sby
Ld W by
l6 inhab'
termor ti
•783. the
I near the
jn Ri-'cr'
tafing i"
P o w
. Puiltiiiy, a cnn&dcrable and flouridiing
poft town in Rutland en. Vermont, bound-
ed W by Hampton in N. York, which ad-
joint Skeeniboroiigh on the W. It con-
tains 1(694 inhabitrtiits.
.PcMmttniit or Pu'iaron, a x'*^tr on the
cnafl,of Surriiiam, whore £ point is Cape
NftlTau, or Cape Dino^^c.
Ptundrhhe, a townlliip in Wed Cheflcr
CO. N. York, bounded S hy the btau- of
Cunnc<5kicut, ^>ind N by .Satcn;i, and W
by Bedfurid. It coatainst I,a6j inhabit;,
afltr.;
/•««>///*/ Cree]t, in Tenncflce, rifcs in
Powdl'a ,Mouu(riin, runs S W, and cuteri
Clinch River, .through iCR N bank ; 38
mites N E of Knoxville. It is iaid to be
navigably in boats 100 miles.
■J^etveU'i ^a'^^.lies lietwecn'^owcH and
C^bcrland Mountains, and U between
Soand 90 miles in length, and from 10
tq;x8 wide. It is almoft equally divided
between Virginia and Icnnfflee. It js
notonp uniform level; huf ilicJudes^me
kiiohs and ridges. It is however a ploaf-.
aptpm of the country. Thf foil ^gcn-
ertny.Acong and ea(y to ctfltivatp. Some
pA^^<^^"it are of the firll .quality. jT^c
w^^er is good and plenty, and thp air fa-
luorious.. Grafs, grain, CQrn, flajKi hemp,
fc4i|(.j^-eeii, &c, do well in it ; and t^^c
Xyt^ffffc pari produces cotton. It^^f;,;
fords .niany elegant profpedls, admits t/f
heM)|iful roads, is furniflied with good
quarries of. flpne. as well as, good timber
for Winding; and pofreflcs a. ,very adya^-,
laeeb|is outlet for boats, by meaps of Po^-
«ll;s,Riyer, which alfo is «;eU Aocked,w|th
£fli. About the mididic of th^ V4,lley;^,',
a natural bridge over a fmall , creek for^it
tdbyj regular arches, 50 feet long,. ,40'
high, and io wide. In that part of this
«lley which is in Tenneflec, Anderfon co.
is a.pofl office 550 miles from WaHiingtoii.
fiivibntaa, the ancient name of Jitmcs
River, in Virjrinia.
Paxt(bfttan, a count/of Virginia, bound-
tdlJ by James River, which feparates it
from Goochland, and S by Aniciia cu. It
hu its name in honour of the fa,mnus In-
dian king, the father of Pocahontas. It
I tontains 2,738 free inhabirants, and 50JI
flavts. The amrt baufi in the above coun-
j ty, where is a poft office, is 1 7 miles from
I Cartcrfviile, and 310 from Philadelphia.
PotiiHtfl, 4 flourifliiiig townlliip in the
IS W corner of VeroMmt,, Bennington co.
Y> i'f the town of Bennington. It contains
hfijir inhabitants. Mount Uelchcf^ ayor-
tiun of whidk \* within Uie town pf row-
Vql, I, M M qa
PRE -
nal, ftands partly in 3 of the Slates, tia.
N. York, Vermont, and Malfachufetts.
Mount Anthony, alfo, one of the moft
remarkable mountains in Vermont, lies
between this and Bennington. Hogfack
River winds beautifully thiough the S
part n{ this town.
fiott'i^a.'fjerovgfj, Lincoln co. Maine, on,
tht E fide of Kennebeck River,, now Wif-
calliit ; which fee.
Paiuotu, a fmall river of E.f.x co. Maf-,
fachulettfi, which rifi» in Kingflon in,N.
Hanipfliire. In its courfc it paHeii over
fevcral falls., on which arc mills of vari-
ous kinds, and empties into Meriimac):
River, 7 miles from the fta, between the
towns of Salifbury and Amclbury, con-
nei^ed by a convenient bridge, with a
draw.acrof)) (he river. It is navigable a
mile from its mouth, and many veuclj afc
built on its banks.
Puyah, a town of N. America, on the
W fide of Black River, in the province of
Honduras, about no miles WN;'V^q{
Secklong, and 55 S of Cape Camerp^ ^
which forms the N poiut of the entrance
of the river in the Sea of Honduras. ■ [
Prairie dt Rocber, La, or Tbe R»tk Mtad-
etvii a fcttkmcnt in the Indiana Territo^"
ry, on the £ fide of the Miffiiippi, on a'
Dream which empties into the Mi/rit'ippi,
IX miles to the S. It is ij miles .N \V of,
Kafkaflcias village, and 5 N Eibyti,pt*
Fort Chartrcs. About J30 years 'ago \t
contained tod white inhabitants, ai)4i S^^'i
uc'toes. ■ , .
Praitit,L0, a .populous little vi||age,
with narrow dirty ftrcets, ,f>n thc'riye^^
St. Lawrence, in Canada, .; 8* VvipfN*f!
St, John, and j S VVof Mdht^'pHl, .' '^^' ,,'jr
' t'laf.in, Part,"\^ on 'the Jf' h.Uf'j^f Jhp.
lands cf the .'^rfacides, in S 1a,t. ^ ijj^*.
long, from Paris 155 3a ;.dirc6'vered and
entered by M. dc Su'tville, OcV..'iz, 17,60, ,•
The illands which form this port arc pbv-,
trcd with trees,,' and at, high .water are .
partly overflowed. . Tjiic artful iiati[yc('
eutrippcd fome of jSurvillc's niep '.irf- an'
ambufcader'O confcquertcc of which _ 10'.
or 40 of the lavages were killed.' "^^c^
iniiabitaiits of thcfp iflands :irein'c^fieral
of the negro kind,, with black woolly 1
hair, flat nnfcs, and thick'lips. " . ,'
.Piefque IJle M>ij<»,^f the St. ]i,awref>c^),'!
U. Cai.iada.'is in."f^/)nt nf.the townfliip'Qt
MatiMs, above Point Iirquois.
Prcfijue IJle, in the river >3t. Lawrehc^"
U. CanMda, is in Ed waidJburgh, nearly,
oppotite to Hofpital Uland, and abgv^'
i^m'mte au'Gailope.
■!t:
I
P R I
f R I
Pfi/fii* l/te, a fmall ptuiHrnla, nn thr
S £ flioie of Lake Erie, H of luu;; Pciiit,
on the oppofitcfide of tke lake ; 15 mi'es
from Hprt Bcauf, 4dA 60 N by W uf Ve-
nango, on Alleghany Rivir. The garri-
tba II upon a very coinmandiiij; I'put, jiiil
oppufite the mtrance of the hay. I'he
nvnn commcncct 30 yard* W of the old
fiHuMh fort, leaving a vacancy of 600
yi^rdf for a military parade and nuhlic
w^lk. The town, which is now building,
will extend neatly j tnileii along the lake,
aad I mite buck. It kias the bcft Hacbutir
rfQ the S fide of the f.ike, and bidi fair to
be a place of importance, h lie< in Ut,
ahour 4 a 10 N- Here it a poft bficc 386
inii<i from Wadiington.
PrtficM, a villajre on the bank of the
Ohio, ia Xentucky^ juA below tb« Salt
Work*.
fttfitiC$ taliim. See Camfbilti.
Jh*/luit a tbwn In N. London <tA. Csn-
nedticHt»4 or 8 milcR Eof Norwichrfrom
which it i» divided by Sbetucket River.
The townihip waa incoi^ratcd In 1687,
and contain* 3440 inhtibitant*i who ate
chiefly firmer*. Here arp two Gongrc-
gitional ChuKhet, and a ^cietv •( Sepa-
ratift*. " L
' fttjlm/ktit. Sec Pefi. wtftut and Cafeo Riiy.
'. frim* 'Annty. a maritinx co. of Vir-
Sihii, It i* bevnded W by Norfblk co.
^■^'m Carolina, N b]r the Chefaptak
UiJy. It is 30 miles lon^, 29 broad, con-
tiining 5,385 wliiti, and 3,574 black in«
h^mits.
' Prilktfi Ann, a poft town of Maryland,
m the E (bore of Chefatwak Bay, in
SoAilfrfet ,eo. on thti £ lid^ 0/ Moi^okiu
River, tf. miles S t, '^f Ballipiorc, and
I'jjS^S by IV of Pk;iai(f:lphia, It (contains
•0out »oo inhabitants^
jtrindt SdwarJ, a connty of Virgiata,
1>IJtween> ihc Blue Kidge ani^ the tidc-
wii^tent. k contains 5,041 free' inhabit*^
ants, ini 5/yti flavei> Hampden SjA-
iiiEy'Ciolie|>e is in this cpiinty. The btuld-
iii|'ii 3 ttorics high, an^ large enough to
•ccpinftodate 60 fiUdenis. The court
hoUie, At* which, is a poft office, is 28
n^es from Gnmbertaud cuuxt huufe, 50
frvm Lynchburg, and 35S from Phila-
delphia.^ The principal rivers are BiiiTa-
lAe,Jl9rie'iry,and liuhi. I'hcToil in the aiid^
(lie and' on the N (Ide, bordering on the
Appamattoz, is of a goo<i ({aallty ;: the
Wand S part is lefs f<:rtile. In li^is coun-
ty are 3 tpifcoprJ, 3 Pr^(bytcr>an^ 3
Baptid, and i MethoJin: church.
Jirimt £JwaiJ County is buundcd S by
LaVr Oiitwrio, W by the carrying plaee,
on the inhmus of the Prefque Hie de
(^linte, M by tbe Bay of <>uint^, and E'
from l^>iiit Pleafint to Potiit Traverff,
by its i'cveral Ihnrcs and bavK, includ-
ing the late townfliips of AiWeliafbuigh,
SopMaibitrgh and Maryfturgh. It torn-
prekcud* all the ifland* iw Lake Ontario,
and thcBay ef Q^int^ near ro it, Smyth.
Princt Eivjard't IJItu See WefiiiiptHi IJht,
frinet frtdirUi, a pariih in Ctorge-
town diftridl, 3. Carolina,
Prince Prttliriei, the chief tewn of Cal.
ve»t ca Maryland ; 3 miles foutherly of
Huntingtowu^ nad 6 N E of Benedict.
Prinet Getrge, a parifli Of Georgetown
diftridl, S. CaroliiM.
Ptine* Ctnm, a couHty of yirgSnia,
bounded N by James Rivef, wlitch
wafhes it about 35 miles. The nr^dium
breadth i* »6mile*. It contains 3,045
free inhabitants, and 4,380 flave» I'here
are j Xpircnpal churches in the eounty,
one hieetlag IM* Friend*, an^ fcvera^
Methodift meeting*. The BaptiOi have
occafional mcetingSyand to •bis UA the
nefroe* feem particularly atuched. It
i* a fruitftfi tbnntiy, ' and abonnd* witfi
wheat,, corn,' flax, eottun, and toba^ca
CottOB here is )ii annual plant ; and ia-
fummftr, araft of the inhabitant* appear
in Outer {[aVment* of their own manofac-
tnre. The timber confi^ of oakf of va.
riouS' kinds, and of a good quality, fuff-
cicnt to build a fdi^ifiid.ible navy, aind
within a cnniknieiU dillanre of naviea-
tiop. It hsi* all the diflcrcnt fpecict
kl^ewii in tfl^ ^aftem States, and othert
viThkb do not cfow there. Here is alfo
abundance of wild grapes, flowering
(hr^b*, farfapiarilla, fiukc-root, and gin-
fcng. Apples are inferior in fpit^it und
tafte to thofe in the eafVern States ; hut
peaches have a flavour unkno-A-n there..
The almond and fig grow berv ib the open
air. Iminenfe (Quantities of purkand ba-
co]> arc cured here, and form Th<* princi-
pal food of the inhabitaiiti>. V'cal h ex-
cellent ; mutton indifTercnt ; poultry ci
every kind in pcrfcdlion and in abun-
dance. The winters Sire fliqrt and ^eu-
erally pleafant ; and thp country caimot
be conlidered unhealthy. "
Prinee Ctarge, a couuty of Marybnd,
on the W fliure o< C'helaptuk Bay, be-
tween Patowmac and Patuxet Riveri>, and
is watered by numerous crtrck& which j
etnpty into thofe rivets. The eaftirr
corner of the territory of Coli^mbia, bor-
ders Upon the W part of this couuty. It
containi
AT'Wtt**
J).t9X
Prrni
being tf
tincnr n
it of Be
Amvicj
.«'i'r «l?
ch»iiQe|
.46, W k,
Pfiiiif
<o the Bri
iChurchUI
^•:;
ttace,
Ic dc
iiid E'
•crft,
iclud-
: lO"*'
itiirto,
mytb.
itorge-
9f Cal-
erly of
didi
■getown
vrhtch
medium
\% 3.045'
. Thire
• cRunty,
b fevtrtV
lifts hkve
eked. It
iftd* with
t tobacco^
t ; and iA'
kts »pp«'
manuftc-
ifc» of va.
ility.Iuffi*
lavy, and
jf navi^i-
tit fpeciei
tnd othcrt
;rc is alf»
floweriitg
:, and gin-
fpirit and
Itatt* -, Viut
wn there-
lb the open
rWaod ba-
by princi-
Veal i» ev-
poultry lil
in aliun-
and sen-
iiry cauu'Jl
Ik Bay, be-
|RiT<:ri.,a«d
Ttcks wl»i«''
ijinbia,bor-
Icouuty. 1'
^mttaWHi %\A%$ inhabitant, of whom '
14,1 9X are flavcit.
ff /■»#» ^ H^mlnf Ctfie, is rcmatltaTile for
being the mod wederly point of the con*
tincnt of N. America, and the cafl/:rntiin>
jt of Bchring'a Straits, between ACt» and
America ; the two .contioeAU being here
niiljr about 34 milea api^rt The mid
chiiMoel nas :io fachoipa water. N lat. 65
46, W long. i4^ fg.
Pilmt */ IVaIti, fort, io New North
.WaIci, N America, a fadtory belonging
H.0 the hrititb Hudfon'i Bay Compitny, on
Churchill River. Th« mean jhe-it berc
I.eaft beat —45
Gre'ittft he.U ij
ft lies iQ iat. $% 47 30 N, and long. p4 7
' Princt »/W>ilfi J/linJ,ia the S. Pacrfic
X)cean, is about ao leagues long, and W
io S, diAant 48 leagues from Otahci,te, or
King Geui|;e's Vtstiyi. .S lat. iSt and W
long, ijt 5j at the W ctid. The varia-
tion of the ae(;dte in 1766, was 5 i^o &
i»r»/»« JHuperii B,iy, 00 t^C N W COaft
:0f the iiland of Doininica^ one of the Ca-
;ribbee Iflaads, where thete is excellent
Aelter froi^ the winds. It is deep, capa-
cious ani) fandy, and ii the principal bay
in the iflaod. It is of great advantage in
time of a war with Fraace, ai a fleet may
hue intercept all the W. India trade. On
.this bay is^tuated the new town of Portf-
faouth, N of wliic^ is a cape called Prince
Rupert's Head.
frwct^t JBay, on the S fide of Staten Ul>
and, N. Yorlc
PrincetM, a townfliip of Maflachufetts,
Worceller co. 15 miles N by W of Wor-
cefter, and 52 W by N of Lofton. The
townfliip contains 19,000 acrea of elevat-
ed, hilly, but ftrong a^d rich land, adapt-
ed to grafs and grain. Exccfllent beef,
butter and cbeefe, are iti principi|I ma-
dudiona. The manfioh-houfe and fartn
of his Honor the late Lieut. Governor
Cill, ooje of the moft elegant 4tuations,
and fine)^ farms in the Commonwealth, is
in this towfi, and adds much to its orpa-
meiit and wealth. A handfome Congre-
gationar church, on a high hill, cpm-
nands a muft ettcn^ve and rich pWpedl
of the furrounding country. Wachufett
Mountain, the moft noted it) the State, is
in the N part of the townfhtp. Here, as
Bmany other towns, if 4 vaiUabli: focial
, Mary. Princeton wii incorporated in
f759f tnd contains 1041 inhabitants.
^rimtan, a poft town of N. Jerfty, (it-
P R I
natetl partly in Middlefnt, and partly in
SoMeri'i t counties. N4<n»u Hall College,
an inflimtion which has produced a ^reit
iHimbcr of eminint fchulars, is Very pleaf*
antly fuiiaCed in the cumpa«!t part of this
to>*n. Here are about 86 dwelling*
houl'cs, and a brick Prefbytr.rian church,
rhe collc^ cdiflce is a handfome floi«
huildinf;, of 180 feet by 54, four ftori(«
high, and (l^nds as an elevated antf
healthful fpot, and corimands an citen-
live and delightful protpcia. The tOah-
mhinent, v> «79<. £onfitted of a preG-
dent, wiiu is alfo profeiTor of moral phi-
lofrtphv, theology, natural and revealed ;
hiftory, and eUtquence ; a profel!br of
mathematics, natural philofophy, and
aftronomy ; a profeflbr of chymitlry,
which I'ubjedt is treated in reference to
agri<rvl.tur/^ and manufatSlures, as well as
medicine : befides thefc, two tutors have
the irvftrudtion of the two lowed claflVs.
The choice of the clafTical books, and the
arrangen^ept <rf .tjie fevetaA <branche» of
education, of t>!ie \f€tuTt», and of other
littriM-y f xercrftrs, are fucb, as to give the
Hudcnts t];>e bed opportunity fer tm*
provement, in the wBole J^ncyrlopedia
of icience. 'I'hc number of fliidchtf is
from 70 to 90, befides the graitatnair
fcbool. I'he annual incuinc of the col-
lege « prefent, by the' fees of the flu-
dents, and otherwife, ii about ^lOoo
currency a year. It has, befidss, fimdt
in pofltj^on, thrmigj^ the extraordinary
liberality of Mr. Jamea Leflie.of N. Vorlt,
and Mra. Eflhcr Richards, pf iRahway, to
the amount of 10,000 dolls. fCr the c'dii-
cation of poor and pious j'Ou(J> for the
miniflry of ti|>e gofpct ; arid the reVerfioh
of an cftate in Philadelphia for tl)e fame
purpctfe, <?f between £106 sw.d jCSOO.pcr
auuum, a legacy of tlie Ute Mr. Hugh
Hodge, a man of eminent piety, which is
to come to the college at tjjie death of a
very worthy and aged widow. The col-
lege library was alino^ wholly deftroyed
during rhe )ate -war ; ap<i again, in the
luring of i8oa, ^hcn the college waa
burnt by dc&go of accident, ^ut by the
liberal donations of gentlemen in the
cities and principal towns in the United
States, the lollege has been rebuilt, and
a new library colledlcd. Before the war*
this college was furnilhcd «vith 8 philo^
fophical apparatus, worth j^JOQ, whieh
(except the elegant orrery conQrndifcd bj
Mr. Kittenhoufe) was almofl entirely de-
flroyed by the Britifli army in the late
war. Pnnceton is i * miles N £ of Tren*
>0B»
•* -1
lii
■n
U
m
n
PRO
PRO
ton, l1 S W of Brunrwick, j.^ 8 W of
N. Yutk, Md 4> N H of Philtdclphi*. N
Ut. 40 »a 1*1 W long. 74 34 4J.
Prinuhn. a fmall poll town of N. Car-
olina, J iiiiie* from Murfr(cburough|<nd
is Iron) H'lifa*-
Priit;t U^iUiam, A county of Virginia,
^houoUtd W by Farquin, inU S by IM-
tomsc Riv^r, which dividei it from Ma-
ryland. It cnncaiiu 7iJI7 free inhabit-
|U)tt»4ud5^i6 llaves.
Frinci IViUiam. » pari(h in Scaufort
4i(lrit<l, 8. Carolina.
iViV IViUiam'i Solid, on the N W
Coaft of N. America, licit £ of the niouth
of Cuuk't River. At it» nioutli ate three
IHanda, Mout.-i)>ue, Rofc.aqd {Cay. It was
jud^td by Captain Cook to otrupy a dc-
tiree .^nd a half of iatitace, anu two of
ongitude, excluftvcly of itt arms and
liranch^, which were not explored,
fra. Sec JPoiitt U Pro.
frt^f^t a pod town of Maine, late
part of Frankfort, ii opiHifite Buckftown,
on PcDobfcot River, |^ milct below Or-
rington, and 7 36 from Waflungton.
Pr^fcfi fiafbour, on the S coiill of Ko-
Ta-8cotia, bat Cape Sambro and Ifland
.radward, and >• 9 leagues ^ £ of St, Mar-
yatet'a Bay.
i'roj^f^.HV//, Fairfax CO, Virginia. Here
U a,po(l ofiice 14 mile* from Wjilhington.
Pft^iAnct, a river which falls into Nar>
ragitofef Ba^r on the W fide of Rhode-
Ifla&d. It rifea by feveral branches, part
of which conte from Maffachufetti. It it
navigable as far as Providence for /liips
of 900 tons, 30 miles from the fea. It af-
fords fine fifb, oyftcrs and lobfters.
PtvfidiHet, a county of Rhode- Ifland
State, bounded by Maflachufetts N and
E, by Connedkicut W, and Kent eo. S.
]t contains 9 townfhips, and 25,854 in-
]iahitants. Scituate is fampus for its »•
celleiit cannon foundery.
PrtvidiMd, the chief town of the above
CO. fituated 30 miles N by W from New-
port, and 35 from the fea, at the head of
navigation of Narraganfet Biiy, on |)nth
Tidies of Providence River, the two parts
of the town beiuff cpnnedlcd. by a bridge
a6o feet long ano ^% wide, It is the old^
«(l town in tne State, having been fettled
by R^ger Williams and his company in
1636; and lies in lat. 41 49 N, and long.
ji %i Vr, 44 miles S bj^ W of Bofton, and
491 N E of Philadelphia. Ships of almud
^iny fisC) fail up apd down the channel,
-which is marked out by (btkes, credkcd
mt.||MB(s of fkoals and'iiedt lying in the
river, fo that a flrangcr may enme up t*
the town without a pilot. A fhip of 9 ^a
loui, Cur the EaR India trade, was built in
this tlm^, and lilted for fea. In 1764,
there were belonging to the county of
Providence 54 fail of veflels, eontainir;;
4.,lJio tuns, in I790,thcrr were ^fj vtl-
fclH, containing 11,94) (<>"*• f'bis tr>TM>
fufTered much by (he liulian war of 167,,-,
when a nunolKr of it* inhabit^iut rt-
moved to Rhode IHand for flicker. In
the late war, the cafe was reverfed ; ma-
ny of the inhabitants of that iHand rc>
iiiovid to Provide'rce. The public biiilj^-
tng% :tre an cleaant meeting houfe fur
liaptil^), 80 feet fquare, with 1 lofty y.ncl
bcautilul (tccple, and a large bcU chQ *t
the Hope i'urnacc in Scituate ; a mectinj
houfe for Friends or Quakers ; three for
Congrcgationalifts, one «t which, Utcty
«re«fled, is the mofl elegant, perhapit, iit
the United States; an EpiCcopal church;
a handfo|ne court houfe, 70 feet by 40, in
which is depofited a library for the ufe
of the inhabitants of the town and couiir
try; a workhoufe, a market houfe, 80
feet long |ipd 40 wide, and a brick fchool-
houfci in which four fchools are kept.
Rhode Iflai^d college is eftabliflicd at
Providence. The elegant building crctfl-
ed fQr its accommodation, is (ituated on
a hill to the £ of the town ; and while
its elevated fituation renders it dclightrul,
by commfinding an cxtenlive, variegated
profpedl, it furniflies it with a pure, fa-
lubriQus air. The edifice is of brick, four
(lories high, 150 feet long, and 46 «^'i<Ifi
with a nrojedlion of so feet each fulr.
It has 48 rooms for fludents, and 8 i^trgcr
ones for public ufes. The roof is flaicd.
It is a floorifliing feminary, and contains
upwards of 60 ftudents. It has a library
containing between 4 and 3000 volumes,
and a valuable philofophical apparatus,
llie hopfcs in this town are generally
built of wood, though there are fome
brick buildings which arc large and elc-
gapt. At a convenient diHance from thir
town, an bofpital for the fmall-pux and
other difeafe.s hits been ercftcd- Th(-rc
are twp fpermaceti works, a numlier or
diftilleries, fugar houfes.and other manu-
fatflories. Several forts were ereiTicd in
aiid near the town during the war, which,
however, are not kept in repair. It hat
an eztepfive trade with MaHachufctts,
Connc^icut, and part of Vcrqiont ; with
ihe W.Indies, with liu'rope,aiid lately with
th,e ^Indies and China. Several bank;
have alfo heeo eftablillicd here, and a cor-
IM manu
iiaiids ; wi
hr fpinoiii
R. Arkwr
Pifwtuckct
and is the
'M. The
^^ft. 30, »;
<<4.1,373 d(
haiiitants, «
Ptovidne
Ifland, in P;
of Providei
State of Ma
tiicket Rive
tants. Paw
4 miles N
Wa% furmerlj
ProviJiHtt,
Saratoga co.
corporated 11
itants.
in Ociaware
PioviJenct,
CO. Pennfylvi
aats.
Prtiiidince.
and the fecon
being about 3!
breadth. N i
pa". 77 »|.
<», and if freq
*»r'. Chief t(
Prtviihiiee, ,
f he coafl of H
4 broad. ]t h
air, and plenty
eaCljr fortiiicd.
funtinent by a
are neitljcr ferj
tijec hf. lat. ij
Piovioct, an
6 miles below I
to the main Ian
PtovIhci Ton
PfCkpcCod, |n
[««8. 3 miles 1
harbour, whi</)»
State, opens to
depth of water f
the fiirft port «
when they came
(n i6jo. It has
decaying Aate m
Mt and contains
«ole dependence
fy. in which tl
30 fail, gieat m
y^els, ^ 1 7 JO,
PRO
t*k manufaAory, which employ* loo
iuiidt; with whtc)i U connc>5lc-d'a ititll
for fpinainf{ cnttup, on the iuihIcI of Sir
^. Arl(wr(ght*i mill. I( i< cre<!lriJ ><
i'ifW'lurket Falls, iii Nqi "h ProviHtiKc,
and is the ^rti of the kinU imiit in Amer-
ic4. The «y|M)ru for one yc«r, rnding
Sept. JO, f794, amounted to the vjlue of
^A^,V^ (lolUri, It contains 7,6|4 in*
haliiirtnts, all free.
ProviJtiiei, North, a fownfliip of Rhode
in^nd, in Providence co. N o* thetox^ii
of Providence, and feparatcd from the
^cate of Maflachufetti on the E \\y P.iw-
tiickct River. It rontains 1,067 inhalii-
tiints. Pawtucket Falls, in this town, arc
^ miles N of Providence. I'hiv town
wa« formerly a part of Providence.
Prtvidintt, a townlhip of N. York, in
Saratofi^a co. taken ffom Oaiway. and in-
corporated in 1796. It haa 1,8^8 inhab-
itants.
Prt^iJaiict^ Ufftr fknd £§wir, towofhips
in DclawHrc co. Pennfvlvania.
Pitvii/ence, a townHiip in Montgomery
CO, Pennfylvaoia. It has ij4<{ iuhabit-
aats.
Pravideiiee, One of the Bahama Illanda,
and the fecond in fixe of thofe fo called ;
being about 36 milfis in length and 16 in
hreadth. N lat. ^4 48, W long, at its E
part, 77 l|. It waa formerly called Aia-
«», and is frequently naiped JVirw Provi-
ifanrr. Chief town, Naflau.^
PnviMiiet, ap uninhabited ifland on
the coal) of Honduras, 1 1 miles Iqng and
4 broad. ]t has a fertile foil, wholcfome
)lir, and picntv of water, and might bf
jtafily fortified- It ■■ fcparated from the
(lontinent by a narrow chani^el. Here
ate neitJ)er ferpents nor yenomoqs rep-
tiles. N lat. 13 a6, W long. 80 a5-
Piovinct, an ifland in Delaware River,
6 miles below Philadelphia. It is joined
to the niain land by a dam.
ProvtHo Town ii iituated on the hoo]c
pf Cape Cod, |n Barnflahle co. M.nllaehu-
fctts, 3 miles N W of Race Point. Its
harbour, whi(/h is one of the beft in the
State, opens |o the fouthward, and has
ilcipth of water for any fliips. This was
the firti port entered b^ the Engiiih
when they came to fcttlf; in N. England,
jn 1 620. It haa been in a thriving and
decaying Aate many times. It is oow riiV
inj;,and contains %\% inhabitatitt, whofe
loie depcjndence is upon the cod fifli-
pry, in which they employ more than
30 fait, gieat and fmill. Ten of their
y^ek, ^ '79?» toolc It, 000 quintals of
Pt7 E
cod-fiil). The fifliing vcflcU go to New-
fi'undland, the coaff of Labrador, miil
cluliur Bay, and bring home annually
about 3J,0C0 quintals of filh, cftiniait.l
•t .1 J dollars per quintal. Three hundrcu
1.1CU and boys are employed in thu btili-
nefs. They Hfd fo i»pcrt and fuciifT*
ful, that they had not loll • vcfTtl or «
man in the Lulinefs, from the clofc ol'thj:
war till 1790. Here arc 90 (lores lor
fifli, J for fmuking herring; aJfo 136
dwelling hoiil'cs, and 1 windmill*, one i<t
which goes with f!ier» inl'idc, and H(>|>c'irs
tike a lofty tpwcr. Here is ,i free malon's
hall.iu the lower (lory of which are two
fclinol rooms. The liouits nrc nnc Oory
high, and fct u|) on pilrx, tlut the driving
fands may pals under them ; othei wile
thcv would be buried in laiul. 'Hay
raife nothing from their lands, hut are
wholly dependent on Bolton, and the
towns jn the vicinity, for every vc^tt,4l>ir
produtflion. There are but two horlct
and two yokes of oxen kept in the
town. Tht y have about .?o cows, w hicU
feed ill the fprin^ upau hiach grrifii,
which grows at iii(erv.ils upon the (liort;.^
and in lupim^r they teed in the funken
ponds and mardiy places that are fouiiil
between the fand-liilU. Hert the cows
are feen wading, an(| ^vcn rwimming,
plunging their heads imp the wetter up
to their horns, picking a fcanty fubflfT-
ence from the to(;ts and herb*, produced
in the water. Tiiey are fed in tht vvin-
ter on fedgc, cut from the llats. Hcie \t
A port office. Lat. 4a 3 N, long. 70 ') W,
I ao miles front Bodon by land
P.fucrtou a fjapc on the coaft ot N.«'
.Spain, in tne South Sea.
Prudtnce, a Ihiall ill ind, nearly an l^r^'/>
as Canonnicut, and lies N ot it, in Narr.>-
ganfet Bay. \% heUt\\gi to the town of
Portfmouth, in Newport co. Rhode I!l..u(i.
The N end is nearly oppofite to Briltol
on the £ fide of the liay.
Puan, ot Cicen J?jy, has communication
eaAward with LaU Alnlji^uti ,- whlth fct,
alfo Grttn Bay.
Puebla Je los An^etoty the prcfent capital
of the province of Tlafcala, or I.os Au^t-
los. See Angeloi.
Putblo Nuevo, or Nrtvtonvit, at t'lc bot-
tom of the "uU ot Dolte, on the \V coaft
of Mexico. It is 7 leagues N by W ot
Baia Honda, or Deep Bay. The; ill.ind
of this nnme is oppofite the town and
mouth of the river ot its name, in tie
bottom of Frcfh Water Bay, in lat. about
8 50 N, and long 8;; zS \\\
P..rrte.
«»> 1
n
■t'5
t.r
-.PUR
Puertty the Italian pame for port,
parries of this dcfcriptron, adopted by
fhe Spaniard! vijl hp found under Pmt
or P»»i».
Putajii, a coHoty of Kentpcky,. contain-
*(lg 3<31$< ifihabitants, of whom 232 are
f aves. At the court lioufe it a poft of-
fice, 663 miles from Wafliington.
Puna, an ifland near the ^izj of Guaya-
quil, on tbe coafl of Peru, ihoxit 19 or 14
leagues long, from £ to W, and 4 or j
broad. There is an Indian town of the
fame nan^, on its Slide, having about
40 houfes, and a fni.ill church. I'he
houfes all fland on polls 10 or 1% feet
high, with ladders on the outfule to go
up to them. From the ifland Saiit^ Clara
jl' the bay of Guayaquil to the wcfterrimoft
point of the ifland, called Punta Arena,
It 7 leagues E N E. S tati 3 17, \V long 81 6.
Puttjo Bay, in ipaft f torida. See Clat-
iam Bay.
Punta Pott, one of the large batteries or
eaftlet, and the fecond in order, at the
mouth of the harbour of the Havannah,
in the ifland of Cuba. It is alfo called
Mefa de Maria, or the Virgin Mary>
Table.
Punts, and Punta J3rava,loyins of Mcf"
ieo. See Atgeloi.
punta dt Ptdratt a cape on the N W ex*
tremity of the peninfula o| Yucatan, in
New Spain.
Punta KJjbada, the S E point of St. Do-
mingo ; 65 leagues, following the turnings
of the coatt, £ of )|Tifao, and 16 league*
from Pape Raphael. The 8 £ part of
the ifland coofitls chiefly of extenfive, rich
jplain*.
Pumla Cerda, a peninfula on the S fide
of the ifland of Cuba, S £ of Ifle dc Pinoo,
90 W of the gulf of Xagua, and 70 £ of
Bohia de Corles.
Punim Negrillo, the weftcrn point of the
ifland of Jamaica.
Putijication, a to^rn of New Mexico, 14
leagues from the W coad, and maintains
• fifhery near the low lands of Chametla.
Pur^iurg, a handfome town of S. Car-
olina, m Beaufort diflridt, on the £ fide
of Savannah River, 37 miles from the
ocean, and ao from $avauna|i. It con-
tains l)etween 40 and 50 dweilins honfes,
and an Epifcopal church. It toolc its ninjie
from John Peter Pury, a Swifs, whp fet-
tled a colony of his countrymen here
about the year 1735, with a view to the
culture of (ilk. The mulberry-trees arc
yet (landing, and fome attention it (till
jiaid to the maktug of filk.
Putani)atamet,OT Pout*otamiet,\nA\im who
inhabit between St. Jofeph's and Detroit,
and canfurninijikboutjoo warriors. There
are two tribes of ^his name, the one of
thj? yiyejr St. Jpfepb, and the other ot Hii-
roij. They were lately ho(hle ; hut at
the jreaty of Greeny! lie, Augufl 3, t795,
they ceded lands to the Uuitccl Statu;
who in return paid them a fum'ii> hand,
and eiigaged to pay them in goods to the
value of 1000 dollars a year ^rcvcr.
putney, a thriving poft town in Wind-
han« ,cp. Vermont, oh the W fide of Con-
nedicut River, S of Wcftminftcr. Inhab-
itants 1,574.
Pylfaatt, an ifland of the Pacific Ocean.
Lat.'zi 22 S. Its grcateft breadth is a
quarter of a league. It is deep ; ou itsE
(idc are trees.
9:.
>luADR4S JJles, on the N W coa(t q*
N. Amt^rica, lie between Pintard's Soun4
and the Straits de Fuca. Nootka Sonne)
lies among thcif; iflands- In 1792, two
•'<panifh fchoonere^ and his Britannic ma-
jil^y'a fliip Pifcovery, apd brigantine
Chatham, pafTed through this channel ;
but the forqfier fir (I ; hence Capt. Ingra-
}iam called th£ ifles by the pame of the
^panifli commatider.
^attrto-wn, a poll town tt^ Bucks co.
Peiinfylvanja, 184 miJes ftam Waflbington.
^amfeagan pMtt at the Iiea4 of the
tide on Kewichwinock Rivcf, which
joins Pifcataqua River, 10 miles from iM
fea. The natives give the falls this
name, becaufe iG(h were there taken
with nets. At thefe falls ^re a fei: of faw
and other tnills ; aitd a landing place,
where great quantities of lumber is rafted
on fcows. Here the river has the Engliflt
name of Salmon Falls Kivcr, from the
plenty of falmon there caught In the
memory of people who lived 50 years
aigo, thefe fifh were fo pl^ty as to be
(truck with ^ars on' the rocks; but
none now alive remember to have fren
any there. The faw mills where the dam
crofles the ftream are the fure dc(Iru£tion
of that fpccics of fifli. TomcotI, or froil-
fi(h, fmeltf and 'alewivcs abound here.
The place called Salmon Falls is covered
with ufefpl mills. Ahoye theCe we meet
with tif^'Greaf jEf^lls, whcr/e JTa^-mills are
continued to greaf advantage. Qn m^any
places from Quampeagan to the pond,
from whence it iffucsi are mills for boardt
and corn.
*«arry««,
of JDariei
with a rx
had arriv
they had
hy the Sp;
^atlef
cO. Virgin
^ehec,
Canada, h
oated at tl
I-awrehco
Hiver, atto
h built ot
Wiarbic aiK
divided in
is a fine lea
rn the yeai
now has m<
whom arc
fnpported h
nor's prefer
town a ga]
lime when (
the tide, it i
»ock; but (i
fnnk fo far,
^ft^t, an(
built, Which
•hi^h ftandi
ipfet, about '
tile lower t4^
/*r;a're pf f
and chiefly h
conveniently
fortififtMions
The natural
«» d<;febce
frp«n fhe riv<
the works of
Aipt themftl
injury from p
»hefe elevatcc
n defended 1
«wo baflions,
spring tides ai
'«e of the
fc»ftioii,tothu_
•ttt of the roc
H»y; andhig
moft regular
» which the
ftges which ._
j^een thefe w
The rock whf
Jhe lower towi
wep front, a
w^d, jiloftg th
»wer town a
"ftich it fomet
ins«'hn
Uetioit,
. There
; ©ne of
r ol Hii-
; but at
h I795i
States ;
if) hand,
is to the
iver.
in Wind-
e of Con-
, Inhab>
fie Ocean,
adth is a
: ou itsE
ff coaft Qf
td'» Soun4
itka Sonn4
179a, two
tannic ma-
birigantine
s clunnel ;
apt. Ingra-
ame of the
J Bucks CO.
V»(hington.
lead of the
W,' ^hich
its from >ine
falls this
here taken
afcioffaw
iding placci
"let l» laM
the EngUQi
•, from the
[ht. In the
■d 50 y<»"
ity M to be
tocks; hut
|o havefcen
lerethedaiii
;deftraft»"n
:od,or froft'
l)ound here.
Is it covered
itfc we weet
' Qnrn,*ny
the pond,
[is for boards
^arepia, i ptace fitnated in the Gulf
<»f Daricn. Here Vafciijcs Nuiitz met
with a r.o]onf of negroes ; but how they
had arrived in that region, or how long
thcjr had refided in it, are not tecorded
by the Spanifli hifVorians.
j^atteffUh, a port town in Brnnfwick
cO. Virginia, «04 rtiiles from Wafliington.
^tbec, the ca]:it;<), not only of L6wer
Canada, bat of all Brltifb America, is Bt-
uated at the confluence of the rivers St,
Lawrence and St. Cbartes, or the Little
j^iver, abobt jap miles from the fea. It
is built bti a rock, which is partly of ^
marblr and fJartly of flate. The town is ;
divided into Vpftr and Lovter. Near it |
is a fine lead niine. This city coutained, i
in the year 1784] 6471 inhabitants, hut I
now has more than io/>oo, two <hMs of \
whom are French. A large garHfon is |
fupported here^and this, with the ^ver- i
nor'f prefence, the courts^ &c. render the
town a gay and lively place. At the
lime when the city was founded, tn 1608,
the tide, it is faid, reached the foot of the
lock; but (mcc ttut lime the river has
fnnk fo far, that a large fpot of grqiind \\
l^ft^. and on this a largt fubilirb is
built, which is ftyled the l^vitt 7ttvn,
whiifh ftands at ^he foot of a rocky prec-
ipkh, about 48 feet high. The hciufes in 1
the lower town, (as alio thofe in the Uf"
ferjire of ftorc, flroiig, and well bmit, i
aad chipffy inhabited by n»erckants, bcihg
conveniently near their btirmefs. The
fortifi^tions are ettcitiive but irregular.
The natural fituation of the town renders
its diifetice eJ^fy.• If attacked by fliips
from the rivcir', th«iir guns cannot injure
ihe^orks of 'the upper town, though the
fliip» themrdves would' be liable to ^reat
if^ury from the cannon and bombs from
fhefe elevated ramparts. The lower town
is defended by a platform flanked with
two baflion», which at high water and
fpring tides are almoft level with the fur-
face of the water. A little above the
baftiao,to the right, is a half balfion, cut
out of the rock ; a little higher a large bat-
Mty ; and higher ftill a fqu.ire fort, the
mou regular of all the fortiiicatiuns, and
b which the governor rdides. TKc paf-
fages which form a communicution be-
tween thefe wotks are extremely nig;;cd.
The rock which fcparates the upptr fi om
the lower town, extends, with a bold .hiuI
ftetp front, a conftdcrable didance wefl- I
ward, along the river St. Lawrence. Tlie I
Iftwer town n well fupplicd with water, i
which is fometimcs fcarce in the uppers
qjJ t
town. This city was befiegcd by the
Britifliiu 171 1, without fuccefs; but wa»
taken by them, in Sept. 1754, when the
brave Gen. Wolf, who commanded the"
army of btBegers, loft his life. In Dec.
»77i» it was attacked by the Americans-
nnder the command of the brave Geo.
Montgomery, who was flain.and his army
repulied. N lat. 46 48 y}, W long. 72
iz 6.
^eechy, a river of Vermont, which
empties mto ConneAicut River at Hart«
land.
^een Anne, i pbft town of Prince
George co. Marylaiid,fituated on the W
fide of Patuxent Riyer^ acrufs which is a
wooden bridge. The town is fmallj but
is laid out on a regular plan, at the foot
of a hill. Here arc a few ftore.^ and two
ware*houfes for the infpeiflion of tobacco.
It is aj miles £ N E cf Wafliington, 13
S W of Annapoirs, and 39 S by Wol
Baltimore.
^len Anne*Sf 8 cou.nty of Maryland,
bounded W by Chefaneak Bay, and N
by Kent ca It contains 14 ,857 inhabit-
ants, including 6,517 flavcs. Chief town,
Centervitlc. Kent Illand belongs to this
county ; 14' miles in length, from N to S,
and 6^ in breadth, from £ to W. It is
low, but fertile land, ar^d its eaftetn fidr
is bordered withfalt marfli.
9ueen tbarhtU'i IJIands, on the N W
coali of North Anierica, extend from lar.
51 4a to 54 18 N, and from loii^. 129
54 to i?3 18 Wfrom Greenwich. They
are turned iVoJh'mgton IJlei' by American
navi!;:'torB,
^tent, the middle countv of I-ong Iff.
N. York. Lloyd's Neck, or Queen's Vil-
lage, and the ilTands called thcTwo Broth-
ers and Hallet's Iflands, are ineluded in
tliis rotinty. It is about 30 milts long, and
I a broad, and concnin!) 6 townl1ii|)A, and
16,893 inhnbitanrs, including 1,528 Ihves.
Jamaica. Newtown, Hampftead,in which
It, a handfonie court houfe.and Oyfter Bay,
are the principal towns in this county.
The county court houfe is 8 miles from
J'-imaica, lo from Jtricho, and JO frum
Ntw York.
^uetns, a county of Nova Scotia, com-
prehtnding a p.irt of tiic Limis on the
c.*pc, on the S iide'of tlic IVav of Fiiiuiv,
Ttie fcttlcincnts are as lolli \v-) •. Ar);y!e,
oil the S fide of the Bay of l-'uiidv, « hcrt;
;i few Scotch anJ ArrfdiaiH itficlc ; nexf
10 i!)is is Yarniuiitti, fcttl.cl chittly by
inii;;iants from New liiifjitnil ; I],iriinu«
ton, within the ifland, ciiltU C';'n'/ S;ibie,
fn(!(U
'irr m
Wff
fettled originally by Quakers from Nan>
rucket. IkCdet thefe are Port Raifoir,
fo c;illcd by the French, and originally
fettled by the North Iridi ; Liverpool and
Pprt Ro/cway, fettled and inhabited by
emigrants from New England,
.^tenjhury, a townfliip in Wafliington
ro. N. York, bounded eafterly by Wtft-
ficld and Kingfbury. It contains 1435
inhabitants. Glen's Falls are in this
town.
- .^eftjiovitif in Queen Ann's ca Mary-
hnd, a pod town on the H fide of Cheder
River, o miles S W of Centcrville, nearly
ao E of Annapolis, and 6j from Wafh*
iogton.
Suiiuftowut in U. Canada, lies on the
\V' hde of the Straits of Niagara, near {
Fort Niagara, and 7 miles bclqw the falls. I
fc is at the head of navigation, for fliips ; \
and the portage o<;cfffione(^ by the falls \
of Niagara .commences Yutxt. There are |
huts enough here to receive a regiment. <
•^tfiie. Fort flu. See PJttJhurgL \
i^lSi/etcwit, a village in Middlefez co. I
N. Jcrfey, 6 mildfe N of New Brunfwick.
^iio, an idand ip ^l^e n\outh of the
bay of Panama. It is uninhabited ; but
am)rds wood and water tofliipping.
^iiea, a rich valley ip Peru, on which
(kands the ancient city of Arequipa. The
port of Quitca is in about lat. 17 8 S, lo ^
Ir^ues N W of the fntall river of Xuly, j!
and 6 from the volcano of Arequipa. l|
^iiiata, a fmall jurifdidkion of ciuli, in |
South America. I;
^i/ubuug^a river fonnerly called Mi- I
trg,!!,, which rifes in Brimueld, Matfa- j I
chufetts, and is joined at Oxford byj!
French River, which has its fource iu Sut« i '
ton, Worcefter ca It runs a foutherly
< (Hirfc, ^nd empties into ShetiuWet, about
,) miles above Norwich L;uidmg, in Con-
necticut, In the ia-a pait of its cuurfe
it furniflie* many good mill feats; as it
advances, the intervals in many places
arc wide, and of a mod excellent foil.
^uincy, a poft town of Maifachufctfs,
ill Norfolk co. taken from Braiiicree, 10
tTiilcs foutherly of Boftou. It h»s 1,081
iii!i.ihitants. The principal part of tl-o
mli-ibitants are farmers; but large lyiaii^
fitits of iljocs and bouts are maui^fiwikur- ,
1.1 fcir exporntion. In the town is an I
rpifcopjl and Congre;;.'tii)iul Lhurcli. ;
Here refidc* in eafe and digpity tlu: vcii-
tialile clirifti.m patriot John Alimt, Lite,
j^rcfu'ent f)f the U. St:itcs. ^-.e Vnimtrei',
&uinff(tii^r, or E'tJ} Riv«r, in Conncoli- ;
tut, run* a i'nuthcrly tourfe, and eni[);ic»
Q^u r
into the N E comer of New Haven har-
bour.
^imjigamond, Worufitr^ or Long PonJ,
is a beautiful piece of water in the form
of a crefcent, about 5 miles in length, and
from 60 to 100 rods bread. It is ntnated
on ibc line between the towns of Wor-
cefter and Shrewibury, but the greater
P^tt of it is in the latter. It is interfper-
fed' with a numher of 'illa^Si one of
which i* upwards of loo acres in extent.
^iiiti. Bay tf. This bay, which may
be con&der«a throughout as a l^rbour, is
formed by a large peni«fula,con(iding n^
the townmips of Amcliafburgh, Sophiaf-
burgh, Rud Maryfturgh, extending ead-
crly from an iAhmus, where , there is a
pottage at the head, or W, end ,of the
bay, to Point Pleafant, the eafiernmofl
extremity of the peninfula, nppofue to
AmherA Idand. The river Xr?"* emp-
ties.into thf: head of the.bify, W/e(lward of
the pprtage, and fupplies it with the wa-
ters of the. Rice Lake. WcQwi^r^iof the
portage, in Lake Ontario, is the liarbpur
of ,Prefque Ille de Qninte, now called
New Caiile. This pemnful^ ot the; three
towpfliips, called the county of Prince
Edward, extending from the main land
like an arm, hjdes from tlK-Lake Ojatario,
the townfhips of Sidney, Thurlow^ Adol-
phiWtown, and Frederickiburgh, which
front the N fide of the bay. The river
Trent difcharging itfelf between the town<
Iliips ni^ Murray and Sidney, finds its paf*
fage between the county of Prince Ed-
ward, and the town/liius uu the N . tide
of the bay; its dream is increafc4 by the.
Appannee River, running m from Cam-
den, and dividing Richmond from Fred-;,
ericklburgh, joins the waters of the bay
near John's liland, a fmall ifle oppniite to
a fettlemcnt of Mohawks, fn called aft^r
Capt John, a Mohawk chief, who rclld-.
cd thcfc, and who with fome others, oi,
that natjon, had a tratSb «)f l^nd ,g\yjca-i
them by the king of Great Britain, of^
about 9 miles in front ou the. t>ay, and,
about 12 miles deep : prcfcrri.og tnis lltit-
tion, they feparated from the rtfl of tlteir..
nation, who were fettled (;fi,the Grand
River, or Qufe. The fertility of the foil
ahout the bay of Quinte is geucrully at- ;
lowed. The land is rich, eatily wrought,
and produces feveral crops witlK?ut ma-
nure; aj bufliejs of whe^t are often pro-,
ductd from an acre. TJic ti-iubtr ii*
much like that of the other p<irts of the,
province, oak, elm, hickory, ipapk, &c.
I'he bay is narrow throu J|uut, oud about
PemI,
form
1, and
oatcd
Wor.
rcater
;rfper-
•ne of
extent.
;h may
tow, n
i\ing o^
ophiaf-
ig eaft-
re i» a
.of the
crnmoft
)olUe to
m cmp-
tw^rd oC
the wa-
•^lof iht
Uarbpur
IV icaUetl
the; thiee
of Piipec
nain land
: Optario,
jvfi AdoU
1, which
ihc river
thetown-
dsitspaf*
'rince Ed-
ic N fi«Je
rom Cam-
.om Fred.:,
jfiht: bay
ppolVtc to.
lied att(;r
•ho retd-.
others, oi,
l^nd siyFtti
ItilAin, im
^ihUlittt-
(tof tUii,.
^he Grand
[ui' the foil
jrally a*- ;
wroughtf
[tlw'ut ma-
oftcn V>ro- .
tiiivbtr '»
irts vi the,,
.apk. ifec-
rtud about
i9
19 mile* leng, all vhich dift^nce h !•
fjmvijj^Me for thofe Imall veflcU whi^h
arc uftL-doQ the lalcfci. An app:«rcnt tide
li frequently noticed in the bay of Qnio-
jlj not difiiitHlar to thofe obr«rvv:d iji toms
<>f the upper... lakes. The bay abuundi
with wild fowl, and iith of various kind*.
'4'he rivet; Trent affords » falmoa filhcry.
iw palling from the head of th^ b.^y of
Qainti into Lake Ontario, ydit croft a
very (hort sortage, in front of the town-
fltip of Marray, being the ifthmut )>e-
tween it ^nd the pcninluU of Prince Ed-
ward. At the end of the porugiCraud
before you enter Lake Ontar}o,is a fniall
lake, etceedin^ly beautiful, and the lano
oa its. bank*, extremely good: to the
sorthwiar^ of this. portage it. is propofcd
to make a canal to connedV the waters of
ibe bay. with thoid of, the lake. A little
to the weft ward of tht portage aivd pro-
pofcd canaU is the harbour of Newcaftle,
f fituatioi^ well fuited for commerce a'n4
{>rote<£tion, and Sheltered from all winds.
j^ kuoll on the peninfula affords .a heal-
thy (cite for the town. Smytb.
.. ,^uite, IJlt <ky in Lake Ontario,'U, Can-
ada, ,|iea clofc off tht; Xlior^ of Ameliaf-
Uurgh, and. oppofite the W point that
makes Sandy fiay. , ■•■ > ;. ^
- ^ifinfianebi, a jurifdidtioii in the dio-
ceb of Cufco in Peru,'begi^ning at the S
gates of Quito, and ftretching.from'E to W^
^ut %o leagues., ,Thc lands of this jurif-
(liAion belong; in general, to the gentry of
Cufco, and ^ro4uce.i plenty •€ wheat,
maize and fruits. Here are alTo mann-
if&Mtet ot b^ize and roarfe woollen
(tuffs. , Part vof the jurifdicftion borders
on the foreft« inhabited by wild Indians,
4tid profluces gri^at (juantities of coca, an
krb greatly ulcu by the Inidlans working
in the piines. i ^ . . . ..
, ^itapabilla^ A branch' of thv Swetata,
which falls into the Sufquehannah at
|Middleton.
$iii»e, a province of Peni, in. S. Aracr-
|ica,hi>ying a temperate air^ occaConed
[by its elevated fuu^tion. The plain of
iQuito may be con>iderr.d a!> the b^'e of
|tl)C Andes, (ind is higl^cr above O'c IVa
Itlian the top of ths, Pyrenees in Europe.
\\ is pruty well cultiv-it'cd, smH the loViis
ind villages are p.opu'(ni>i ; the nunhwn
^iiU ahouiid with gold. 'I"Uc proviuie
V about 400 miles lung and ioo broad.
[Is chief towns arc Quito and I'ayta.
^''e, cltief town in ihc aloivc prov- 1
ke, it next to Lima in population, if nut
|i|)friar ta iu Stfoic liiv it ^o.itaidt I
: . ..• R A C , ..^^
- . , • *
35,000, others 50,000 inhihitant(i. It il
an inland city, and having no mines in '\ti
neighbourhood, is chiefly famous for its
manufatiturcs of cotton, we>ol, and flnx,
which, fupply thi; kingdom of Peru. S
lat. o 13, W long. 77 50. It was fwallow»
ed up by an earthquake, April 34, 1755,
and, has been rebuilt.
^iiiva, a province of California, thinly
inh,4bitcd, and but little known.
$uixoi, a diflri<Sl of Peru, S. America.
i^uodjylitjd. See Rjflport.
^uontiijiooi Pt/nJi, the head of Ccngea
; River. Set Hope or Barretjo-um',
' • ■ R.
£\A3LES, T/leaux,{evcT»\ fmall iflands
at the entrance of Lake Superior, Uj>pcr-
Canada, and at the £ end of it, E of.
White FilU iiland, and pretty clofe to the
mai^tland. ;>
Sdblei, ■ Pointe, aux,, in Lake Superior,
' oppqficc Ifle aut Rabies, the fird point to
the tiorthward, alter you enter the lake
from the falls of St. Mary.
Jta6y, a imall townfhip of New Hamp-
fliire, hi Hillsborough ca about 65 miles
, W by S of Portfmouth, and 47 N W of
Botlon. .It. was incorporated in 1760,
and contained, in 1790, 3)8 inhabitauw,
The.name has been fiace changrd.
. Iiace<^ Cape, the S E point of Ncwfonndr
land Ifland, in the North. Atlantic OcciUi','
4 Ici^ues S oT Cape Ballard. N lat. 46
43, W long- 5» 49- ., ,7'he Virgin Rocks,
much dreaded by mariners, ate about xo
leagujcs to the S £ of Cape Race.
. Kiice Point, (hi N W extremity of C.jpe
Cod, ; Maflachufctts, a league N W of
Provincttown. ^ When within a mile of
this point., with a fair wind bnd tide of
flood, your courfe to liofton is N W by
W, diftancc 15 leagues. ,A number of
hufs arc crwflred iiere.on the looft r<<ndt
t>y thole who come frorti Provincctown
to iiili .in boats.
.li.uLt Rivit has itj fource near that of
the Hudfiin. Hence its couife is N S
through tjircc conlideiubic I ikcs about 40
njiles, thtiice its courfe is N N W through
mcadbws' which have no timber, tbcjice
its navigation is eond for 30 niilcx, after
which, in .fO niiks, it has more th»n ao
lapiJ;, Hud (ullh,. tome, ao, fouic 40, and
out 150 tett. Thf river here is ucner.iliy
100 yirJs broad, but in one place it is
only five feet. AI>out 30 ni.ik* bf;fore it
eaters ihe Sc JL.wrfUce, it is a gentk
flrcaiH. Jiuimuitd,
O,
R A L
RAN
I 1
JiiJncr. a fmall, pleafatif town of Deh-
jv^rc CO. I'cr.nfy'v'ania. This plaet was
pjiginally c^lItU Amftely by the Dutch,
wh'i began to build h.re. '
Rad.iat, a town of S. Carolina, lo niile»'
t W of Edinondfbury, and 3a N E of Pu-
lylburg.
RagiTcJ Harbour, on the E coaft of New-
foundland, is .1 part cf Catulina Bay.
Many craggy rocks lie about the entrance
of it, both within and witliout ; fo that
it is very dangerous to enter. It is two
leagues northward of Catalina harl>our.
T'liet'e is good water at the head of the
harbour..
Habviay. See Ratvay,
Raimond, a c*^ on the ^ Hde of the
S peninfula of St. Domingo; % leagues
W of Point Baynet and 11 W of Cape
IMarechaux. It has the cove Petite Anfc
on the eall, and that of Brefilicre on the
weft.
Rain Lake Pes to the weflward of the
chain of lon<T lakes in the vicinity of the
Grand Portage of Lake Superior, Upper
Canada. The waters ot this lake are lup-
plicd from fources near to the wencra-
iDcft part of Lake Superio. ; hut are car-
ried by a circuitous route into Hudfon
Bay. Smyth.
RalnBap^ Tuwnjhlp, in Norfolk co. U.
Canada, is the firlb townfliip fronting on
Lake Erie, W of the Grand River Lands,
Raifin IJlet, in Lake St. Francis, Upper
Canada.
. Raifins, Riviere aux, U. Canada, runs
through the tgwufliips of Ofnabruck and
Cornwall, the ladian land cppoiitc to St.
lElegis and the townfliip of Charlottef-
burgh, emptying itfeif into Lake St. Fran-
cis, near the S W angle of the latter
townfliip.
Rttlelgb To-wi>Jblp, in ?G):x co. U. C^na-
'da, lies W of Harwich ; the Thames
bounding it N, and Lake Erie S.
. Rolny IJlaml Rfvet, a fmall river of thr
Indiana Territory ; having a northweft
co'irfe, and empties into Illinois River,
about half way between the Little Rocks
and Illinois Lake, and 155 miles from the
MiOiiippi. It is 15 yards wide, and is
navigable o miles to the rocks.
Rainy, or Lonf^ Laic, lies E of the Lake
of the Wood.-, and W of LHkc Superior.
It is faid to be nearly 100 miles long, and
in no part above 20 miles wide. See
Rain Late.
Raiti^l), the prcfcnt feat of government
o£»N. Carolina, fitudted in Wake county,
ihcat 10 mi\i;» from Wake court houTe.
In Dec. I79r, the General AflemMy of
the State appropriated yTio.oco toward
ere<fling public buildingii, and named it
after the celebrated Sir Walter Ralei;;;!i,
under whofe direiSlion the firftfcttlement
ill N. America was made at Roanoke Ift-
and, iu Albemirle Sound. Thd (late
hcufe, a large handfome building, hat
been lately ilnifhed, and cofl j(]6,oco.
Several other buildings have been ercdl-
ed. and a number of dwelling hoiifes.
The plan is regular, the ftrcets interfer-
ing each other at right angles. Its re-
motenefs from navigation is a great dif-
advantage. It is 61 miles N by E of Fay-
etteville, 14 7- from Pctcrfburg in Vsrginiai
and 448 S W of Philadelphia.
RamaJa, a maritime town of Granada,
in S. America. Near it is a copper min&
N lat. 1 1 to, W long. 7 a 20.
Ram/ay's MHlt, in N. Carolina, are fit-
uated at the confliience of Deep with the
N W branch of Cape Fear River ; about
35 miles S W of Hillfborough, and 55 f
£ af Guildford court houfe.
Ranal, one of the Sandwich Iflands, i»
the N. Pacific Ocean, N of Tahoorowa,
and N W of Mowee and Owhyhee. It
has al)Out 14,000 inhabitants. It aboucdt
with yams, fweet potatoes, and taro, but
has ft^w plaintains or breail-fruit trees.
Rancheira, a town of Terra Firma, it
the province of New Granada. N bt.
It 34, W long. TV.
Ranchent, a fmall ifland on the coaft of
New Mexico, in lat. 7 14 N It is near
the ifland of Quib*, andf affords timber
fit for.mafls.
Ranialphy a poft town.of MaflTachufettr,
formed of the S precintSt of Craintree, it
Norfolk CO. in the year 1793. It is 15
miles S by £ of Bofton. The inhabitanti
are i,oai modly farmers, but manufac-
ture large quantities of flioes for market.
Randnlph, a county of HilUborough dif-
tri<a, N. Carolina, bounded N E by Or-
ange,.and N W by Guildfoul. It containi
9,234 inhabitants, including 607 (laves,
Its court houie is 585 miles from Phila-
delphia. The greattft part of the people
are Quakers ; the other denominations I
are Prclbyterian?,. Baptifh, Methodifti,
and Univerfalifh. Their good land pro- 1
duces 40 or 5c buflicls of Indian corn,nr j
ao of wheat per acre. Chief town, A^-
bat iiu^h.
RmJolpb, a connty of Virginia, boundfi I
N by Monongalia, and S by Pendletnal
It has 1,741 inhabitants. Cheat Rivtr.l
the «a(l«rn br^^ch of Monougahcla Rivcr>[
rift) I
fiiii< her<
ilany moi
RanJtIp
Vermont,
on Conne
iiabitants.
town is xvi
■Kiver. Jt
/oj^S" and
iationaJ nn
itceple. .It
Rindulpi^
*|tfry, COM
,^uding to;
RaHd'jK, a
w.ojit, W of
■or diftri«a, ti
P"t of the
'joundary to
M>e French
round St. Ra]
W0U8,buttlK
"Very hot. I
fwved as a ch
(With the Fren
«n«iutJ or d
town of all I
«*«ues S W o
Wh which pa
<*c- The town
fontherly of Ca
Pf St. Domingo
Jicpbdel^Cape
mtngo.is.theS
"agues diftant
f-apc Samana o
" fituated in lat
?' 3J 30 W 1
Raphael.orCap,
to Pttnta Efpadi
JOo, the countn
wcadth nearly \
^ **/*'". a tow
I'eiHifylwaHia.
Rapid Attn, a i
"'Ij'ch joins the S
milts above Fred
^^Pid Plat\ IJl,
«?ce. U. Caiud.
fl-'P of Matilda, c
'he foil is good,
«ft'ic townfliip
^H River, AM
f^fpabannotk, a
''''■g'nia, which ri;
, «d runs about 13
*.«nd enters into (
. Jndmill and Sti
rachufettff
aintrec, i«
It is 15
ihabitanti
manut'ac-
or marlcit.
irougU Aif"
E hy Or-
It contain*
5o7 flavcs.
rom Pl'il*'
the people
ominati*'"*
[ctho(lift»i
_ land pro-
lan corn, or I
L,bounaf'i|
Ptnakton.
RAP
viu lier«, on the N W iidc of £hc AWfg-
iiany mountains.
RanJalpb, a pod town Jn Orange co.
Vermont, the 4th town W ofThetford
on Connedlicut PJver. It has 1,841 in-
habitants. The £ and W TuLe of the
town is watered by a branches of While
Ki f er. Jt haa a large bed of iron ore, 2
gorges and a flitting mill. The congre-
gational meeting houfe is large and has a
ileeple. It is 45 miles froniRutland.
Kjndulph, a county of the Indiana Ter-
vitory, containing 1,103 inhabitants, in-
.^uding 107 flaves.
Hand'jttt, a townfliip in EfTcx co. Ver-
mont, W of Brui>fwiek.
RapLaely a fertile and healthy canton,
or diitritft, the weflernmofl: iu the Spanifli
.part of the ifland of St. Dominga Its
Ixiundary to the N is formed in ^art of
(he French parifli <}onaivcs. The air
round St. Raphael is very cool and faiu-
lirious, but tlie towii, which is in a hollow,
is very hot. It has a little garriibn, which
ferved as a check on the finuggling trade
9vith the French. Atalaye^ (that is^ the
ccntiuel or difcowy) the weQernmoft
town of all the Spanifli colony, is %\
Ickgaes S W of the town of St. Raphael,
both which parifhes are annexed to Hin-
che. The town of St. Raphael is 10 leagues
fontherly of Cape Fxancuis, and 72 N W
of St. Domingo city, as the coad runs.
RapbatlyCape St. at the £ end of St. Do-
mingo, ii.the S £ limit of Samana Bay, 7^
itagues dillant in that dire<Slioa from
Cape Samana or Cape Rezon, which laft
\i fituated in lat. 19 15 40 N, and long.
7' 33 30 W from Paris, From Cape
Raphaeljor Cape of the Round Mountain,
to Pdnta £fpada, the S £ point of the ifl-
and, the country is level 16 leagues, by a
breadth nearly ^qual.
Sapbie, a townfliip io Lancafter co.
PcDofylvania.
Rapid Ann, a fmall river of Virginia,
which joins the Rappahannock, about to
Biilts above Frederickfburg.
Rapid Plat, IJle au, in the river St. Law-
fence, U. Canada, iu front of (he town-
fliip of Matilda, contains about soo acres.
The foil is ^ood, and lies partly in front
t>f the townfliip of Wiliiamfburgh.
Rapid Rivtr, a water of Hudfon Bay,
R'fppabannoik, a large navigable river of
Virginia, wiiich rifes in tlie Blue Ridge,
Md runs about 130 miles from N W to S
£.ind enters into C^iefapeak Bay between
Windmill and Stingray points. It wa-
(M9tl|« towns of Faiiaoutb, Frodcrickf-
R A W
burn, ?ott Royal, Leeds, Tappahannocfc;
and Utbanna. It afTurds 4 fatlKinis wa-
ter to Hubbs's Hole, and a from thence
to Fredcrickfburg, no miles from its
mouth. It is 1^ leagues from OWin's Ifl-
anda, and 6 northward of New Point
Comfort. A fingle lump of gold ore has
been found near the falls of this river,
which yielded 17 dwt.of gold, of extraor-
dinary dudlility. No other indication of
gold lias been dii'covcred in its neigh-
bourhood.
Rsfpo Rappa, a bay in the ifland of
Mowec, one of the Sandwich Iflands.
Raritan Rivcry'm New Jcrfcy, is formed
by two conGderable ftreams called the N
and S branches; the fource of the one is
in Morris co.that of the other in Hunter-
don CO. It pafies by Brunfwick and Am-
boy, and mingling with the waters of the
Arthur Kull Sound, helps to form the
fine harbour of Amboy. At Rariton
Hills, through which this river pafTes, is:
a fniall cafcade, where the water falls 15
or ao feet, very romantically between %
rocks. Oppofite to Brunfwick, the river
is fo iliallow, that it is fotdable at low wa-
ter for horfes and carriages ; but a little
below it deepens fo faft, that a ao gun
fliip itinr ride fecurcly at any time of
tide. "Ilie tide rifes fo high, that large
ihallops ufed to pafs a mile above the
fort ; fo that it was no uncommon tiling
to fee vtffcls of confiderable burthen rid-
ing at anchor, and a number of large riv-
er craft lying abpve, fome dry, and oth-
ers on their beam-cuds fur want of water,
within gun lliot of each other. Copper
ore has been found on the upper part of
this river ; and in the year 1754, the ore
of this mine fold for ^ht Aetiiiig per ton.
being of inferior quality to that on Paf-
faik River.
Rariton, a town fituated between the
mouth of the N branch of the above riv-
cr, and Boundbrook, 5 miles VV N VV of
Boundbrook, and 12 N W of Brunfwick.
JiatiU-Stj.'e IJlandt lie at the wcftera
end of Lake Erie.
Raviapjkitchwock, a fmall wefljrly branch
of Machias River, on which are feveral
mills, near which are the meeting huufc
and the county court houfe, in the tuwit
of Machias.
Raivdon, a town of Nova Scoti?., 40
miles from Hahfax, containing about 59
or 60 houfes.
RjtvdoH 7'otvnjhip, in the county of
HaAiugs, U. Canadii, lies in the rear, an4i
N of Sidney.
RAY
RE A
Jfaiffy, or Br'idgitctun, a lively coirmer-
fial vtltngc of Middlefex co. N Jcrfey. on
Raway River, 4 or 5 miles S W of £liz«
ahetl) I'own, ^nd 75 from Philadelphia.
It euntains a i'rcibyterian church« and
,ab<nit jO or 60 houfis. Here is a pbl't
pffice.
J<a\moHd, a townfliip in Ilockinghpm co.
New Hampfliire, la or 14 milts wefterly
of Extter, and 3a from Fortfmoiith. )t
^98 incorporated in 1764, and contains
808 inhabitants. ■.■■■■<■■
Rayfxond, or Raywondtijtvn, a pofl town
in Cumberland CO. Maine, 142 milea N
l4 £ of Boflon, and coiitViitiS ^/ss iuhabit-
anr.o. A flream from Songo Fond, after
palling through part of Greenland, Wa-
tcrford and Otiofieid, falls into tlie H £
Sart of Sebago Lake in this fettlement.
he land is generally level, ejctpt one
large hill, named Rattlefnakc hill, from
its abounding with thofe reptiks. Here
ktre fomc IVrclls of good land, but the
jgreater part of the gro>vt|i is pine and
!ivhite oak, and the land i« hard to fubdue.
JRaynbum, a townfliip of Malfachufetts,
BriAol CO. taken fronv Taunton, and in-
rorporated in 1731. It contain* i,i8i
inhabitants. A confiderahle parf of the
town lies upon a ciriular bend of Taun-
ton River, which ig between 7 and ^ rods
Tridc, ancl afTords great plenty of herrings
and othjcr fiOi, but (o unfavourable h it,
in this place, to feining or fifhing, fhat
the exclufive privilege pf iiibing-isanhu-
ally fold for tcfs than izfliillings; ^nrhilfl
the fame privilege, in Bridgewater and
Middleborough, (towns whieh bound
this, the former on the £, the latter on
the N) is annually fold for ;£ 250. Be
JCdes the grear river, there are fev^ral
ufeful flreams; upon which ntc 6 faw
mills, 3 grift milli^ a fufnac<:,a forge, and
jTulling mill. There are numerous ponds
in this townfhip, of whicli Mippanigiirt
or Nippahonfet is 2 miles long, and i iK
breadth. Here alewives, in millions, an-
nually refort and leave their fpawht. An
excellent kind of iron tire, and various
kinds of fifb, are f( und' her^. Befides
the ufual bufmefs of hufba'ndry and me-
chanics, numbers ate here iemployed in
the manufadlorics of bar-iron, hollow
■ware, nails, iron for vefTels, iron fhbvels,
pot afli, fliingles, &c. The firft forge fct
up in America was introduced into this
town by James and Henry Leonard, na>
tives of England, in 165 a. This'forge
was fituated oh the gVcftt road, and is ftill
it employ by the fan>ily cf lieonarde of
the 6th generation ; a family rmarkal^le
for longevity, promotion to public vllnce\
and a kind of hereditary attachment td
the irrtn niahufadtiird. King Philip's
huuting-houfe nudd on the hnithern fide
of Fp^uliiig fciiJ, which is I J miles front
the forpc. 'In the winfer fcMfuki, the In-
dian i^ionarch refided at Mount Hope,
probably for the benefit cf ^fh. Philip
and the Leonards liVrd on fuch good
term*, and fuch was Philip's frirndflilfi
nnd gcnerofity, that a^ ifoon as the war
broke out in 167 jf, which ended in the
deatji of tlie king and the ruin of his tribei
lit; gave out ftri«£t orders to all \Ai Imlians;
never to hurt tlic Leonards. Before
Philip's war, Fowling Pond wai a mil«»
long, and |'tfia of a mile wide. Now, the
water is alinoft gone, and the large trad^
it ouce covered i4 grown up to a thick
fct lVamp~of cedar and pine. The foil
of this pond has alfo a prolific virtue in
generating ore. Copious beds of ore, iri
this part of Ihe coiinriy.arc ufually found
in the neighbourhood of pirtc fwamps, or
near to foils natural to the growth of
pine pr cedar. In this place there has
been almoft an inexh audible fund of ex-
cellent ore,from which the forge has been
fupplied'antl kept going; for more thaii
Bo years, befides grieat qUantitits carried
to other works ; arid yet here ia'ore dill:
Though, like qther thing* in ji ftate of
yourii, it is weak anil incapjible of being
wrought into iron of the befl quillity.
Hazoir, Pint, at the S W titrerorty of
the coaft of Nova Scotia, arid N £ of
Cape Negro, ' '
Razi.r IJland is 4 leagues S of the mouth
of Rio Janeiro Bay, orSanta Crii^ Pointj
on the coaft of Brazil.
Readftld, a'poft town in Kennebeck co.
Mainc> % miles W Of Hallowell, which
bounds it on the E, and the eaf^ern brancit
of Aitd^ofcoggin River fcparates it frotri
Sterling on the W. 'it is N of WinthropJ
and 190 miles N £ of Boftoa.
Reading, a tow^ifhtp of Connedlicut,
Fairfield cp. S of Danbury, adjoining. It
has 1,492 inhabitants.
Readint; , ? large townfliip of MafTachu-
fetts, ; - Miiiuletcx (:o. la milesN of BoP
ton. I* was iiicorpbrated in 1644, and
contains 3,025 inhabitants. Between i
and 306,000 pair of (hoes are annually
manufa«ilurcd in this towii for 'exporta-
tion.
Reading, a townfhip of Vermont, Wind-
for CO. W of Wjndlvr, adjoining. It con-
tains i,isoiohabitints.
,ca(>ital o
afed on fi
40 miles i
anon, (wl
joins the
•with thoil
of Philadi
ton. It ii
i aid out, t
lans.' It
The publi
court houf
jnitinLuthc
for Calvin
" meeting ,
edifice for
rriiles from
hiburgh, is
and io feet
iPious flrtar
An txagger,
peen given
heigf)bourh<
fevcral iron
of Berk's ai
f'rgM. In J
"7 the couni
bridge over
on the high 1
diftant W |jj
Rtulmgtovi
,don CO. New
of New Bru
«b»non.
ReodTt Say
"ndofBarbad
"ole Tciwn j
^bouthalfan
Ships may ani
,*•«»» fiithor
9ore,anddcfc
«;"; W, which
" ^*- »3 7. VI.
RiadJbnrougJ,^
CO. Vermont, 4
Reatego, a tO
caragua, New j
on the caflern 1
»ear its mouth,
fo which ft ^tt
3 churches, and
by a very fi„e
fickly.hyreafoi
ft; chief trade 18
NIat. tz ,7^ Iff
■*««/, a barbt
ff '» the ftrong
? 'at. 8 10, W Jo
Vv J^^^
M td
nfide
from
ic In-
Ho\ie,
Philiii
ndfli'R
ic vat
in the
» trtbf,
niliavis;
Before
a milt*
[ow, the
ge trai^
a thick
Ihe fo\\
rinue in
if ore, i«i
lly found
amps, or
rowth of
here ha«
nd of ex.
: has beca
nbre thaii
fcs cafried
i»oie ftilt
a ftate of
e of being
aiMty.
tremity of
i NE of
the mouth
ru^ Point;
rebeck co.
gll, which
^rnbrancH
|es it froni
iTinthropi
Inncdticut,
fining.
It
iMaffachu-
^^ofBof-
||644. ao4
etwcen i
annually
'cxpoita-
pnt, Wind-
It con-
Mtat^'irg, a beautiful pod town, and the '
f afiital of Bcrk'g co. Pennfylvania, fitu-
'ated un the N E fide of Schuylkill Rirer,
'40 miles S W of Bethlehem, a8 £ of Leb-
anon, (where the canal commences which
joins the waters of the S'wetara Creek
•with thofe of Schuylkill River) 54 N W
of Philadelphia, and 14$ from Vi'^flung-
'ton. It is a floiirilhing'town, regularly
iaid out, and inhabited chiefly by Ger-
nnns.' It contains about 600 houfes.
The public buildings are a ftone gaol, a
court houfe, an cicg.int ch'itch for Ger-
;niin Lutherans, ^rcdled hi 1793, a church
for Calvinifl!!, one for Roman Catholics,
a meeting hoUfc for Friends, and a large
edifice for the public offices. About 10
miles from this town, on the road to Har-
rifburgh, is a fpring about 15 feet deep,
and io feet acrofs, from which ilTites a co-
pious flrtamj containing fome fine trbut.
An exaggerated account of this fpring has
^een given by fome travellers. In th«
heighbourhood are 10 fulling niilU and
feveral irou works. ' In the whole county
of Berk's are 5 f|irnaces, and as many
forges. In Nov. i79S,£ti,ooo was voted
by the county for building a flone arched
bridge over the Schuylkill at this town,
on the high road to Harrifburg, 53 miles
diftant W by S.
Readingtovjn^oe RidJentvtvn, in Hunter-
don CO. New Jerfey, 17 miles N W by W
of New Bruofwick, and about 11 £ of
Lebanon.
Seoirt Bay, a road for flilps in the ifl-
and cf fiarbadoes,about half way between
Hole Town aitd' Speight^s Town. It is
kbout hatf a mile over, but more jn depth.
Ships may anchor !iere in fafety, iii from
6 to 1} fiithoms watjcr, the ground foft
(^07e, and defended from all winds, except
the W, which blo^s right into the* bay,
NIat. 13 7,Wlong.59 47.
Rtatj/bvrougfi, a pofl town in Bennington
CO. Vermont, 435 miles from Wafhington.
JStialfgo, a town in the province of Ni-
caragua, New Spain ; fituated on a plain,
on the eaftern bank of a river of its name,
near its mouth,' 30 mjles N W of Leon,
to which k fervcs is a harbour. It has
3 churches, and an hofpiital, furrounded
by a very fine garden ; but the place is
fickly, by reafon df neighbouring fwanips.
Its chief trade is in pitch, tar, and cotdage.
NIat. iz 17, W long. 87 36.
' Xeceif, a harbour on the coaft of Brazil,
and is the ftrongeft place on ail that coaft.
plat. 8 to, W long. 35 35.
Mecovety, Fort, in tjje {ndiana Territory,
is fituated on a branch of the 'Wahaib
River, about 13 miles from Greenville,
and 98 N by W of Cincinnati. It con-
lifts of two blork-houfts an4 barrack^
with curtains, fufticicnt for 60 men.
Red, a river in Tenneflee, a water Of
Cumberland River, with whidi it mingles
at the N bend, about a utiles N W of
Clarkrville. It isboatablea con^dcrable
difiance. ^
Rtd, a principal branch of Kentucky
River, which heads arid interlocks with
a main branch of Licking River, and run^
a S W cowrfe, into Kentucky River, about
9 miles above Boonfboroygh. It is 60
yards wide at the mouth.
Rtd, a weftcrn branc^ of Miflilippi
RiVer, in lat. 31 N. Here, it is faid, FeT-
diuando de Soto ended his difcoveries and
died, at a plac<i' called Guacoyi, May 11,
1543. Sec Rouge River, and Loui/iana.
Red Bank, on the S £ fide of Delaware
River, in the town of Woodbury, in Gluu-
cefter co. N. Jerfey. The fituation Is efe-
valcjd, and the fort built'^here during the
war, ftood ^,^00 yards from Fort Illand,
and ahou^ 7 miles S of Philadelphia. U
coft the firitiiii 400 men, killed and
wounded, btfore they ,could reduce the
g^rrifon in t777i ' > "
Rid Heei, in Dutchcfs co. New York, iti
the towufliip of B hynebeck, where is a
poft ot^qe, on the £ bank of Hudfon Riv-
er, 21 miles S of Hudfon, and 116 N of
New York."
Redmidn, a rock between Montrerra([
and Nevis, Carribbee Iflands. It is about
a league in circuit.of a round form where
is neither culture nor inhabitants. N lat.
17 6, W long. 61 35.
Reed/htreugh, or Read/htrougb, the S Ji.
townlnip of Bennington co. Vermont. Tt
contains 334 inhabitants.
Reed/lotvn, now Strong, late Plantation
No. 3, W fide of Kenncbeck B.iver.
Reedy JJland, in Delaware l^iver, 59
miles below Philadelphia. It is 90 miles
from Bombay Hook, and is the rendez-
vous of outward bound (hips in autumn
and fpring, waiting for a favourable wind.
The courfc from this tp the Hsi is S S E,
fo that a N W wind, which is the prevail-
ing wind in thefe feafons, is fair fur vef-
fels to put t)ut to fea. There is a fecure
harbour here, at I^ort Penn, where piers
have been eredted by the State of Peiln-
fylvania. The ifland is about 3 milea
long, and not more than one-fourth of %
mile wide. It was formerly banked in;
but is now under cultivation, and is over-
fl«wed
! n
%%
wh
\ n^
i:
R E e
iicTKeA in high tides. There it n rhAniel
oil each fule of the ifiand ; hut vcil'eU,
cfpccialiy large ones, chuui'e tu keep the
taRcrn iidc.
\ jReedy Rivir Sbnal, a puft town in (>reen*
fcid CO. b. Carolina, jj 7 miles fr.utn Wafli-
inginn.
R'tl/oot, a fmali navigable river of Ten-
ncli'ce, which cn;ptitT. into the t iver MilTi-
iippi, about 35 i)vtlcs S of the Ohio. It
u 30 yards wide 7 miles trotn its ntcuth.
One of its hranchca riles 04 the borders
of Kentucky.
fticinjfe'.vn, or L.amfiown, a fioall poft
town ol Lancailer co. Pcnnfylvania, on a
Areant which empties into Calico Creek,
a water of Coneno^a, tvhich falls into
the .Sufciuehannah. It contains about 40
hoHi'es, and is 16 miles N E ofl.ancafteri
and 62 N W by N of Phiiadelphia.
Megity St. a village of U. Canada, oti the
St. Lawrence, half a mile N from the N ,
liqe of the United States. It flands on
a beautiftil, elevated plain in the angle
between the mouth of St. Regis River and
the 3t. Lawrence;. It confifls of about 80
houfes of hewn logs, iphabittd by about
100 Indian families. I'iiey are of the
Caghnowaya tribe, and have lived here
Abbat 50 years. They are peaceable,
}iontft,aud induftrious. Foot raees, play,
jng at ball, dnd dancing, ate their divcr-
ftous. They are Roman Catholics, have
a handfomc ftone church, with a fpire,
|ind generally a minider. I'hcfe Indians
have .^0,000 acres of land rcfervcd to
them foutb of the vfflzgc. I'hcy keep a
great number of horfes and cattle. They
jaife plenty of corn -on the ftrtile rilairdB
in St. Lawrence. From St. Regis there
is a good read to Piattfburg on Champlain.
The diflance i;) 7 a mile;*.
Regis, Sf. a river uf Canada, which
rifcs from lakes ncjr R;icket River, and
enters the St. Lawrence at the viUsge of
the fame name.
R^goltls, the name of the paiTage from
tlie noithern part of the Gulf of Mexico
into Lake Pontchartrain, which has com-
munication, through Matirepas Lake and
the Gut of Ihbcrville, with MiOiQppi
River; or the gcntral name of the illes
in the inner part of the channel into that
lake. The diftance from Lake Pontchar-
train through the Ucgolits is 10 miles,
nnd between 3 and 400 yards broad, and
lined \vith marllies oa each fide. On
tile S fide of the Rcgolets, and near to the
entrance from the gulf, there is a large
pafli!i£e into the Lake Bor^nc, or Biiod
Lalre ; snd by lome creeks that /all inln
it, finall craft iiiav^oas far as the planta-
tions on the MiHiiippi.aiid there is a paC-
fagc between the Lak'.s Untgue and Pont-
chartrain ; but tiljver by ihi», or that of
tht ilt-golcts, 6 and fometimts 7 feet i«
the decpcfl water through. Near the en-
trance at the eailend ot the Rcgoietsand
on the north fide, are the principal
n>«uths «f Pearl River. From the^ego-
lets to the Bay of St;, Loui« is 18 miles.
Hutebim.
X'totttl), a pod town of M.-urachn(°etcs,
in Criftol co. on a branch t)f Providence
River, a few miles from Providence, in
Rhode-Lland, 40 miles foutherly from
Budon. It was called Seeonitet by the In-
dians ; was incorporated in 164J, and
containif 4,743 inhabitants.
RriflerJitviH, a poft towa in Baltimore
CO. Maryland, 10 miles S £ of M>eftmiiv>
fler, nearly t6 N W of Baltimore, and 6j
from Wafliington.
Rsmtu, Grand, tl)ird townfliip, on the
river St. Lawrence, U. Canada, lies be-
tween the IDc de Trnis, Qheaaux ecartet
and tlie main land, about 44 30 N lat.
R.itvyme't jUifiour, OH the £ coaft of
Newfoundland Iflaud, is about »| miles
from Cape Race. Its entrance is rather
dangerous, but it is i' good harbour to
fill) in ; and is nmch frequented by boats
and fhallops, in the fifliing feafon. Half
a league from the S point is a high tock,
(allctl ReuoweV Point,- which may be
fcen, in a clear day, 3 leagues off.
Rrnjitair, a county Of the State of N-
York, bounded M by Wafhington co. S
by Cohin»l>ia, E by part of the States of
Mafl'achufetts and Vermont, and W by
Hudiou River. It contains 8 townflripa^
vie. Troy, Grecnbufli, Schodack, Stephen-
town, Petttiburgh, Hofick, Pittftown, and
Scha^coke. There are 30442 inhabit-
ants.
Rtnjfehtrwllt, OF fttitfehetwick, a town-
Hiip of Albany co. New York, bounded
S by Columbia county, and W by Hudfun
River. In 1790, it contained 3.77 1 in-
habitants; in 1796, it had 548 inhahitr
ants wh(} were elecftors. In this town,
nearly oppofite to the city of Albany, is
a medicinal fpring, which combines moft
of the valuable properties of the celebra-
ted waters of Saratoga.
Refolutim Bay, or Madtt de Diet, is un-
der the higheft land on the W lidc of St.
Chriftina, one of the Marqutfas Iflaaidt.
S lat. 9 5a, W loaj. ?39 9.
J!ii/Huii$n, Ctftf Bcac tilt; caftera en-
traaee
tt^Ofe 6,
W long.
Rtfolut
fcn's Stri
Jiefalul
fhe Socic
itcfolutio
Revti\
Ocean, ch
Ion CO. Vi
Ay, Ca^
America, 1
■i'hrec Poll
Crago.
Braail, m
l^\o Jancin
Wo. It al
RliHtifei
Rhodcifla
Vnited Stai
47 miles, an
•bout i,.3oo
N and E by
ftcbafetts ;
^ by Conn(
prehend wh
frtvidtnct Pi
counties, vi«.
ington, Brifti
divided • into
^•r«« inhat
*avc8. Narr
»toNbctw
«nd W, and c
•nds, the prir
Wand, Canon
Hope, Dyer's
Wand ii the ft
*o the State.
port, Provide
Warren, and E
»hich the Stat
between lat. 4
Iw'ecn long. 71
Greenwich ; b
fwm N E to f
on an average.
townfliipj, i»fc,
Middlctown.
world exceeds 1
«»fe, and lituat
^% ftite it was
*den of Amc
which the ravas
ofbufinefs have
twecn 30,000 ai
on this ifland,
Oprfes. The St,
iireiftiocj by riv
R H df
»?■
(f »a(:e a! Hudfon'a Stralti. N Ut. 6i i^,
W lonj;. 65 16.
Ri/olution l/kiid, at the E end <jf Hud-
fbn's StruUR. M lat. (n, W long. 65.
&rf»luiion Iflantl, a fmall illand, one of
fhe Society IMca ; fo called from the Hiip
RcfolutJon. S lat. 17 34, W long. 141 'i 5.
Revtl't, a fmall iiland in the Atlantic
Ocean, clofe to the £ coaft of Northamp*
Ion CO. Virginia.
Riy, Capty or pMiit, on the N coaft of S.
America, i* 40 len^uet W l»y N of Cape
Three Points, and is N by E of Bocca del |
Drago.
Reyett Angra Jet, on the S £ coaft of
Brazil, in 8. America, lies weftward of
Itio Janeiro, and 53 leagurs W of Cape
frio. It afl%)rds good anchorage.
Riintifci. Sec Ri'yynbtck.
Rhode- fjhmi is one of the fmalleft of the
Vnited States; its grcateft length being
47 miles, and its grcateft breadth 37 ; or
about ifioo fquare miles. It is.boundcd
M and E hy the CommonwcHlth of Maf-
hchofetts ; S by the Atlantic Ocean, and
W by ConneiSticut. Thefe limits com-
prehend what is called Rinde-Mand and
JF^r»videne^ PlantaHimi s divided mto five
eoimties, vi«. Newporr,Providence,Wafl)-
ington, Briftol, and Kent, which are fuh-
dividcd ' into 3a town<1f ips, containing
i/),x%% inhabitants, of whom 380 are
iaves. Narraganfiet Bay nvtkes up from
t to N between the mam land on the B
•nd W, and eroboforos many fertile ill-
trids, the principal of which are Rhode- ,
Ifland, Canoniticut, Prudence, Patience,
Hope, Dyer's, nod Hog llliinh. Block- ,
Ifland is the fouthernmoft^ land hetonging
10 the State. The harbours are New- |
port, Providener, Wickford, Patuxet, j
Warren, and Biiftol. Rhode-Iflsnd,from ]
which the State takes half its ndme, lies
between lat. 41 28, and 41 42 N, and be-
tween long. 7» 17, and 71 a? W from
Greenwich ; being about 15 miles long
fwm N E to S W, and about 3J broad,
on an average. It is divided into three
town(hip», Newport, Portfmouth, and
Middlctown. Perhaps no iflanj in the
world exceeds tlii* i,n point of foil, cli-
mate, and tituation. In its nioft floariih-
ing ftate it was called, by travellers, the
Eden of America. But the change,
which the ravages of war, and a decrtafc
ofbufinefs have cftetfVcd, is great. Be-
tween 30,000 and 40,000 fliecp are fed
on this ifland, befules neat cattle and
borfes. The State is inferfedted iu ^11
4ire4bioci by rivers ; tlic. tkitf vf which
RH .
■| wWch are Providence and raiiiitoo Riv-
ers, which f.ill imo NnrrHg.infet Buy ; the
former on the weft, the laitct on the call
fide of Ithode-lflsnd. Rhodc-ldind is aa
healthy a country a< sny in Americii,
The winttrs.in the maritime pirtaofthc
State, arc milder than in the inlMinl coun-
try ; the air being fofrmcd by a lea va-
pour, which alfii enriches the foil. The
iummer.* arc delightful, efpecially oti
Rliodclffapd, where the extreme heat*
which picvciii in other parts of America,
;trc allayed by coo> and refrcHiing breez-
es from the fea. The rivers and bav*
fwarm with fiili, to the amount of more
than 70 different kinds; the m;'.rktt» are
alive with thtm> Oyfti-rs, loMkrs, and
other fliell-ftrti abound in N.irragarifet
Bay. Travellers are generally agreed,,
that Newport is the heft fifli-market in
the world. This State produces corn,
rye, batky, oafs, and in ftime part.i wheats
fiifticient for htomecotifumption ; and ^hc
various kinds of grafles, fruits, and culiy
nary root* and plants in oreat abun-
dance, and in perfection ; cycler is made
for exportation. Thenorth-weftern parti
of the State ate but thinly inhabited, atjtj
are rocky and barren. The tradl of land
lying between Korth and South Kingf-
town on the eaft,and Connedticnt on the
weft, called 5&»»»jofi country, or Purchafcy
is excellent grazing land, and is inhabit-
ed by a number of wealthy farmers, who
raife Ibme of the fine ft neat cattle in New-
England, weighing from 1,600 to 1,80a
weight. They keep large dairies, and.
make butter and chetfe of the bcft quali-
ty, and in large quantities for exporta-
tion. Iron ore is found is great plenty
in fevcral parts of the State. The iron-
works on Pdttutet River, 1% miles from
Providence, are fupplied with ore from
a bed <tf miles diftant, which lies in a val-
ley, through which runs a brook. The
brook is turned into a new channel, and
the ore-pits are cleared of water bv «
fteam engine. At this ore-bed are a vas
riety of ores, curioos ftones, and ochres,
In the townllilp of Cumberland is a cop-
pci* mine mixed with iron, ftronglv im-
pregnated with load-ftonc, of which fome
large pieies have l>een found in the
neighboiiihood. No method has yet
been difcovered to work it to advantage.
Abundance of limc-ftone is found in thi*
State, p.^rticularly in the county of Prov-
dence ; of which larpe quantities of lime
are made and exported. This lime-ftune
and it tlic true
■ «(; BiarWe-
\i »i diScreoc roljuis^
•J,...
%
t§
.1 R H O
marble of the white, plain, and variegtt-
ed kind. It takes as fine a poliih as any
liuae in America. There are fevcral
mineral fpring* in this .State ; to one of
which, near Providence, many people re-
port to bathe, and drink the water. New-
port and Providence are the chief towns
of this State, 'i'he barbarous flave-tradc,
4rhtch was a foyrce of wealth to many of
the people in Newport, and other parts
of the State, ha» happily been abolilhed.
But.fiiice (iermillion has been again giv-
en by law to import flaves from Africa to
S. Carolina, it ia faid this , inhunutn traf-
£c is reviving again in this State., the
town of Briftol carries on a conGde^ble
trade to Africa, the Wfft-Indies, and. to
difierent parts' of the United.States.' But
|}y far the greatcf^ part of the commerce
of Rhode-IHand i^ at prefent' carried on
by the inhabitants of (he fiburifhitig town
of Providence, which had, ia Z791, 1^9
^ail of veflcis, coiltaining 11,942 tons.
The exports frota the State are flax-feed,
lumber, horfes, cattle, beef, porl^, fifh,
poultry, onions, butter, cheeTe, barley,
grain, fpirits, cottpii and linen goo^.
The imports coiifid of European and W.
fadia goods, aAd ,lpgwopd from' the fia-
of Hbndurasl tJpwards of 600 Vjcfleh
enter and clear annually at the different
ports in this State. The amoiint of ex-
ports from this State to foreign couiitties,
ror one year, ending Sept. 30, 1791, was
470,131 doII>. 9 cents ; in i'794, 6^8,084;
in 1793, 616416; in 1794, 954,573 ; and
in 1 801, 3,433 363 9oll<', The inhabit-
ants of this State ate advaiibing rapidly
ip maniifadurcs., A cotton mantofaiflory
has been crctHed at Providence. Jeans,
fuflians, denims, thipkfets,' velvets, &c.
&c. are here manufacflured and fent to
the foiithern States. La^ge quantities of
linen and tciiv cloth are made indiffer-
ent parts of this 8tate fur cXportatfon.
But the moll c(>nrider.tble manufatStates
in this State ate thofe o( iron ; fuch as
bar and fltcet iron, fleel, nail-rods,^ and
itails, implements of hufbandry, (loycs,
potfsoind other houfehold utenfils,the iron
work of niipping, anchors, bells, &c. &c.
The conllitution <A this State is founded
oil the charter granted by Charles II. in
1663 ; and the frame of, govcrhmen,t wafc
not eflentially altered by tht revolution,
The legiflatureof the St^ite confidiof two
branches; a fcnate or upper luiulc, com-
pofcd of ten members be fides the gover-
nor and deputy governor, called in the
ClvuXct, affijiantt ; and a houfe of repre-
It hS
• '.J
fentatives, compored of deputies from tfiif
feveral towns. . The members of the leg-j
iflature are chofca twice a year; and*
there are two fcflions of this body an-
iiually, vie. on the firft Wednefday in
May, and the UH Wcdnefday in Odlober.'
This State ^ts tfrft fettled from Maf-
'rachufctt*. sift. Roger WiUiama,. a iTiin-
ifter, who camie over to New England
in 163^, was charged with holding ^\a-
riety of errors, and on that account w^s.
banilhcd from MaiTachufi^tts. Governur
Winthrnpadvifed him to purfue his courfii
to Nehiganfet, or Narraganfet Bay, which
he did, and fixed himfetf at Secunk or
Seekhonk, now Relioboth. But that
place being within the bounds of Ply-
mouth colony, Gov. Winflow,'in a friend-
ly mknAcr, .itivifed htm to remove to the
other fide of the river, where the land/
were liot tov.-red by any. patent. Air-
cordrngly, in 1436, Mr.. Williams and 4
others crolTed Sedkhonk River, and land-.
ed among th(; Indians, by whom they,
were hofpifablj I'eceiyed, and thus laid|
the foundation.ofa towtf, irhich, from a
fenfe of Gbd'f merciful providence to
him, he called Ifrevldiiiet.' Here he was
foon after joiiMd'by a number of others ;
and, though, they were fecured fro^n the;
ludiaiuby the terror of, th< Englifb, yet,
they, for a cdhfiderabte lim^, fuflered
much from fatigue and w'lnt. , So little,
has the citri{ aitthoiity to do with religion'
here, that' no con:radt between a minif-
ter aiidafocicty (unlefs incorporated fur
that putpofe) is of , any force. It is prob-
ably fpr thefe reafons, that fo many dif-
fereht fedts have- ever been fotind here ;
and that the Sabbath andv all religion;
ioAitutions, as well as gfio(i| morals, have
been leis regarded in this th'an in any,
other of the New -England States. At
, Newport there is a flouriflijng academy,
under the diredtibn of a re«ftor and tu-
tors, who teach the leatned langi^iigeiii
Englifli gi'ammar, geography, &c. A
law has been . made cfbibKfhing town
fchbols tiCi-ough the State, but was found'
unpopular, and rcp^aled^ .Within a few
year:, a turnpiki! road has .(>eeii made
from Providence to' Coniieiflicut, a dil-
tance of about »b miles tbruu^' Johnl-
ton, Scituate and Coventry, .t(x meet
the turnpike roads from Norwich, I^^rt-
tord and Ncw-Havcn. The road, which
wiis very rocky and difficult to pafs with.
cairiages, is now rendered tolerable. For
A turnpike however, it has been fhame-
fully ui^'.Li^ed by the proprietors.
SheJf •
^ Sij. W w (whitbflioulj be W w w) follows inimediately after thisrkialf fliect:'
'^
ifiet/f Tftand lAahi XT r
»749. in Beaver Tail^TC'; "? ^'''^''^ ''n
5-rctBa/:n?,[t^„;"-«'-Na.a-
^Jic ground the iJ„i V i ^ Ntwpojt.
«n i. abou" ,, ^et fh ''""f' "and, up-
'he fca at hlih £"r T "'^''"rf^.cc Sf
'Vhc top orotic S,,7,7„ ^ fi'°""d
which is a Mllcrv/n7 • l"^** ^^^^' ""ound
'he lantcrnfS; ;. .*'""" '''« ^^^''d,
»"d 8 feet d£ ' H;i"h w ''^' ^'Sh.
W'd chance »-» rT- . ^" '*'^'" "' »ulj
•heSw^:;;'ci':fr"T°'^-'"of
N. Carolina °^^"P'= ^ "' nver. in
Monde. SeeJ?„„^,.
fide of Hudfon'l r- '**'^" *^°' "" 'he E
N of N. York .?„ ^""ghkecpBc ; loj
!"hHl,itant, Of S X '*""""'"' *°'*
" bounded S by c JnTo^ . TJ^''' »'
•nan. A Vcrv^cun'r., ' '"'' ^ ''^ B«k-
Jatelydifeovcreda .n."''"" *"" I'""
called by the ind;fP"o'" *''"'»«'".
^«'^V^ cjj; '"''''"'• Scpafcot. See
Spattuae°edo^'fSa,r/''^''" "^ ^"'^
g»a. J miles from Sr" 'I! ^'*^'*'-''-
g^od harbour S i. ^ '',! r'''"*^ " »
'"fonof marfl.. • '* """holcfomc by
«o mile, W off eo'"''i%^'^'°'"'y- " »
»Sua. Nlat.zV»c'w"lo^«''^''^^'"-
«^ift-a,froSwhiSTht'.^r'"''°'"^
." miles to lake OnV. • * P?"'S^ of
"^^'^ by the river t"'" '. " ''"charges
°^'hebV;47;J«ne..„toeheheld
*'^^. C^ron H /x/?""' «'-c held.
JP<""t ufed to be omitr^" • ." "'-"^^ "«■
^■'Pacen»-„g,y S"^.^ '" "«= French
r^ their privilcW Sn? '''^' .*''*^ ''"""ds
I'd from hence^norH "!• *''"^'' '"^"d-
(CapeBonavifb """'^^^"'•''' and round to
I" «» bet,v«i MnT '^ anchorage with-
pile Wood °'""' ''^^'- a«d Two
\oi, I '*'^° ^'^"'n 0"^go townlhip, and
I Wvr ^
is:::"'' '" '^''- '» »«« '^o^ ia
ofSkh'n'i: *[/anern„,oa townftip
«i nas 113 inhabitantd
«^d iiandSW by c"n "''"'!•''''""''-
•■'■vcjs, and E b/u' f- "■" '"""^ ^''^a^
divid; « fr^i:^^ ::-, j-| -'"cb
counties. It contJin-J • ^ Clcrmonc
'"habitant. . of ;L '™ '° '"i'"' 3<9io
««d^4,ulia'ves '^°'"''''^5»'^'^'-«''^'>"«--.
inSSlouu^vT^'iP °' P^""'y'vanU,
.^'v^w""diiriS"?r^t'"r^
taining 6007 in , . .^ . S""'""*' ^on-
areflate. ^' '"''•''"'auts, of whom 303J
-cHyt'lhe't'a"'^^ r"?^ «'■-" ^-
See LS "''" •" ^akcChamplaia.
in1tfr;vtt'"?''^'-^'--''''«".d.
'cagues above .h: »""'"' '■>•"'"' «»
Montreal. 2.c ' . ^''''''r"'"'^'" "♦'
N bank of the rv^hl^,""'^'' "" 'hc
with the river S,'- "' '" ^""'-'^'^"
Wood 'nand.and'a" Sag'^^eV'^Stf'T
Feu' velFtls put in h^r^^ «' Portland.
There is a Ai^kcriedg^sTSfT^nf?-
from the N E enH ,.f .V .„^'' a mile
only flieu, irfc;r^.v' "''^j"^"''. ^hich
fred, : But vou n Jh '^' "'"*' '^'o"'*
andlo„.69 3/w *'"^''-43 5oN. .
W by S of Lenox, Z'^^owZ'l "J'^"
Iron ore of the firft o7,or , Lofton,
hut as it lies deep It^Li?;- " ^°"" ^ here,
expenfe. Ore ^of indi r '^ * «""
found in many place" '^rK ^"^'"^ ''
lin^eftone, coa^rirwSj.e ^^.^^'f '^'"^
marble. Itwasinrm. ' ^."'^ clouded '
i
flf '
py
,
Ebd
r ^'i
r¥|
f
n'
: .f
mi
HP'I
K
is J
" s
^U
5 /,
V
i»il1
R IC
Winton on t!ie Wby \V.irU'« rivrr, a branch
ut I'lkiiciitiuk rivir. It in itlimit 19 inilc»
W of Ncvvpiirt, iiiul contiiiiu Ij68 in-
liiibitunt*.
Kuhm-mJ, :i county of N. Y»>rk, coin-
prcltciidiii^ iill Stiitcii lllaiui ; which lee.
/f/V/j/M.»r/, ii coiinty of N. Citrulina, in
Fayette dilkriol, hoiiiiileil S, hy the State
of IS. (.'arulinu, and N, by Ahuire co. It
uiiilaiiit ,f6i.; iiihitbitauti liiL-Iiiilin}> 87.;
llavt;^. Chieftown.Rockiii^liain, 'I'liecourt
hinile, at which a pofl uirK-iii»lccpt, is 10
nilh's from Aiifon court Itoiiie, .s6 frum Fay-
iU«:vilie,and..;^i,) front l>iiilailel|)hia. 'I'he
b J'^ part of tJiecuunty in une runtinucil
plain, covered in many pt.tcCH with pincv ;
l)ut mi)(U) inhibited by Scotchnien. Tlie
iip^ter part of the cuuntv lias hill* and
vales. In tlie middle and I', part uf the
comity larj^c tract.i of land remain wild.
'I'iie inhabitants of UichmuiHL en. arc
I'relhyterians, U.iptinH, Methodiltii and
(jnakerH. 'I'heir houles are Io^jh, covered
with (labs. In i/y?, tliere, was not a fin-
idled brick or ftoiie iioule, and very few
frami'il houfes in the connty.
Ji'.hi.^hihl, a county of Vir;;iiila, bound-
C'.LN and N K by VS'edmorelaiul, and 3-
and >S W by Rappaitaimuck river, which
fei» irate* it from Ivllex co. rhis.county
;ind WeUmoreland contain 5918 frif..»nd
7Jla6 black inhabitants. 'Hie court lioiil'e,
wl^ere >i pott olilce in ke|>t, u 273 miles
froiiuiMiiladelphia.
R'uhi/iouJ, the piefem feat of goveru-
niunt of. the Stiilc -of \'ir;;inia, is litnatcd.
in Henrico cu. on the N lide of Jainei's
river, jni^iat the- loot of tlie falls, and con-
tains betu'cen 400 and .;oo huul'cs, ami
.•',44 free and 2i.yj I)lack iulial>itants.
Part of the honles are built on tlie niiirgin
(if the river, ronvwieirt. for biilinefs; the
relb arc upon a hill which overlotiko tliur
lower part oftlic town, and commands an
estentivc piofpecl: of the river and adja-
cem country. 'I'iic new houles are well
built. I'he date hoiil'o, or capitol, is on
the hill. This citv likewlle boaftiof an
flegaut flatiic of the illuflrion.^ \\'allun;;;'
ton, which was formed at I'aiis. ; 'The
lower part uf the town is divided by. a
creek, over which is a convenient bridge.
A bridge bciwecn ,;oo and 400 yards in
leiijjth, has been thrown acrols James's
river, at. the iiiut'of the i'alL That part
front Muncheftvr tu the illaiid is Uuilt on
15 boats. Frum the iJland to the rocks
was formerly a floating bridge of rafts ;
bii|t the cntcrpri ling -proprietor has now
kuiU it ut framed iujj, pie^s^ tilled with
R- 1 1>
Rone*. Froni tlie rucks to the landing «t
Kirhmund, the brid};c is continued on
framed pierit tilled with (tones. This
briilj^e connects the city with Manrhef-
tir ; audits the pafl'tn^ers pay toll, it pro-
duces a handfome revenue to Col. Mayo,
who is the I'olc proprietor. 'I'he public
ImildinjM, l)ellde I lie Itatu houle, are an
Kpifcupal churrh, a court hinile, ^mA,
a thcutre, and .< tobacco ware lioiihs.
At the W end of thetown arel'everal mills,
one of which is not inferior to the IT >S.
Ne.ir tin; milli. is a diflillcry and brewery.
The falls above the liridj^c are 7 niilis in
lenjilh. \ nublc canal is cut on theN lide uf
the river, which terminates in a baion of
about two acres, in the town of Richmond.
From this bafon to the wharves in the riv-
er, will be, a land carriage uf about a mile.
The op<.nin<; of this tunal promiles the
addition of much wealth to Riclimuiul.
Vell'ulu of burden lie at City Point, 20
miles below, to which the };o(k1s fiont
Richmond are fent down in boats. It is
626 miles from lUillon, ,^74 from N. York,
1 76 from UMtinuire, 27S from Fhiladel-
piiia, 247 fr'im Fayettcville, 497 fio:ii
Clurledon, aiul 66 j from .Sav«nniili. N
lilt. 3 7 40, W Ion. 7 7 JO.
JiiihmonJ, a County of the Upper dif-
tritil of Cieorjria, in which is fitniited tli:
city of AugufUu It is feparatcd from S.
Cai'ulina on. the. K, by .Savanniih river,
and contains 6 towns, and 5473 inhabit-
ants, of whum 2691 are Haves.
liul>mn»J,;i town uf the illiiiid of St.
Vincent's, in the W. Indies. It is featcd
at the head of a deep bay, on the wefterii
liilc of the illiind. Chateaubelair river
runs «m the I'outh fule of the ttiwn, whicli
gives name to the bay. Another river
empties into the bay on the N lide of the
town.
Ri.I.i.jioiiJ, a town in Chittenden co.-Vcr-
mont, made in 1794, out part of VMllif-
toii and part of Jericho, it is an excellent
tr.icl of land, lying on both Udes of Onion
River. It contains 718 inhitbitaiits.
li'.Jjiituiul •Tviv.ijh'ip., ill l.enox co. !'■
Caiiad.i, lies north of I'redericklhnigh, in
the biiy of (juinte, and is watered in front
by the river .Appennie.
' RhL.iu lU\Kr, ill the eaftern diftricl, li.
Canud.'i, runs Ibiiuwliat piirallel to tin;
river l-'etit Nation, and omjdes itfelf ini"
the (irand, or Ottawii river about f, mill'
higher up. The luiid on each lide »iftlm
river is very good for I'etthments ..S'wj/'.
.ff/./s;. '■,/./, a poft town of Ccmnciflicut.in
Fairricld,co. \q miles 'i W of Diiiibiirv, :S
iiW
t U'nf
hi tlic .^
•'( Kidg,
Cin, l„l> :,
the III II,
till Soiiii
♦ind of
«nile« in,
hi' /eeii m
Settled in
«ll.md of
hehind wj
*>' the ntai
*hrou(»h til
<hc fci'i 6 ni
"f Chcftiir<
«'ic Matrat
^vtflerly of
^Cft of JJi;
»768. In ,;
«'4.?, andii
i\\k townrtii
water of di
pickerel, p,..|-
">wrnflilp, nn
covered, whi
"'"aSpanifli
water of tJii
mack, the otl
Newhiirvport
»''c left' as 1
««'ntaining \\
'aw mill g„,'„j
Klfey, lies
i'riiiceton.
Ji'ilumlhi, a
province of q
«'wn name.
"fat*ures »f
"ft of the -pro,
parts of it arc
''[''^•'- Riobu
^''.000 fouls.
■*'» liu.-nB, in
M miles eaftwa
afliip may lit,
.^ .n 8 or 9 fai
."ft«P- J:aflw
" ^^'Y Harbour
R'o ('lanjf, a
irn divilion of
'« '"'gnares.
^'0 (iranrif^ a \
rivi'f.
inhahii-
.u\ oi St.
is ICiltlll
woftt-ni
cliiir riviT
licr rivtr
fiilc of tliL-
i.ftCivVcr-
of Willif-
1 excellent
ants.
l)K CO.
V.
[ilia toll..-
, itltlf iiii"
jut 3 "'''^:'
Ijdeoftlm
Lnts ..S'"0'':''
[ncaiciit,!!^
liiubi"-)'' '*;
RIO
> W of Hartford, 51 N E of Kinj»fl)rMj»«»,
in tlir Stale of N. Vork. The lownthip
i<l Kiil^i'lifld WMH riillfd liv tlu< liuli.iiH
<„//, /'ii- .I'll, or h\i\\\ \m\i\. If wril anCwcrs
tlic III' iiie, t'lir ttu)ii);h it is 14 mi lei from
tlic Sound, it Mniiyds Hgninl protpcit of it,
ttnd of l.iHi;; llltitid. Of the l.itter, 40
inik-t in Icni^th \* vitihle, und vcfleU m.iy
Itc foen ill tht'v p»l^ tip till- Sound. It whh
li'itled in 1709, and \k\» 30.15 inhabir;)iits.
Kii/ley, A titwnfliip in lH'l:Mvan' co.
I'cnnl'yivania.
/(•/.•* Ijhini, near the N W part of the
illanu of t'orto Riro, in the W. Indies
liL'liInd wliieh i* the principal haibour
of the main illnnd.
/?/'/«./(•, a river of l\rii, wiiich puflVn
<l)rouifh till- city of Lima, and fullit into
4I1C fca 6 miles below tli.'it city.
/{inift;,; or Kiiii^f, a town in t\\r county
of Clicniirc, N. Hampfliire. It licv* upon
the MalTachiU'ccts line, about 80 n\'\\cn
wtrtcrly «f PortfnicHith, and 70 ncirtli
weft of lioftun. Wai incorporated in
1768. bi i775,it cimtaincd 541, in 1790,
114,^, and in 1800, 1195 inhabitantji. In
lhi« townniiparetbirtccQiiaturalponds of
water of difli-rrnt iiren, in which are
pickerel, p. rch, trout, eels, &c. In thin
townfliip, northerly, in m mine lately dif-
covered, wliich contains a Icinti of ochte
of a .Spanifli brown. One half of the
water of this town run* to the Merri-
mack, the other to Conncifkicut river.
Rin^ 1/l.im/, a fm-^ll illand oppnAte
Newlniryport, to the eaftwjird, lying to
the left as you go out tif the harlxiur,
containing 12 or 15 houfcs, a grift and
(aw mill going to ducvy.
Umbo's Town, in HuntcrdoH co. New
Jerfey, lies about iS mile* N W* of
Princeton.
JHoLimIhi, a jurifdlininn of Peru, in tlie
province of (^ito, having a capital of its
own name. The prodnOlions and man-
ufavlAures of this province excel all the
rcfl of the -provinces of Peru. Several
parts of it arc fnll of ^nines of gold and
iilver. Kiob'iniha the capital contains
J 8,000 fouls.
Jiio liu^-na, in thcidand of Jamaica, 'tics
14 milen caftward of Martha Brae, wbire
a fliip may lie, bringing the point N N
W in 8 or 9 talhoms water. The bank
i« fteep. Kaftward of this, 4 or 5 miles
is Dry Harbour.
Jfio (hanihy'A captainfliip in tlie north-
ern divilion of Uracil, wliofe chief town
'8 'I'ignart!*.
Hio (Jninfif, a large river of Brazil, from
mo
wliencf the iibovc captainfliip hii« its
name. 'I'hr Portugutle (ay its entraiie*
is ditlicult and daiv^erous, though wide
and deep ennugii lurtlier in.
/f/e ('>./«./., a river of Terra Pirnu, S.
Ameriiit, wliieli rilts mar the ct|uator,
runs eallward,aMd lalln into the N. iita.bt-
tween Cirtliagena and St. Martha. Alio
the name of a river of Itia/il, which falli
into the lea at Natal losl<eye>.
Rii, ,/, /,/ Jl.i,/j.i, a town and pruviiicr
in the N divilion of Terra lirma.
/tio<ff Fit.", on the roaltol lir«/.il, lie*
10 league.^ S of St. Catherine.
Nh Je 1,1 hiVtIK See PI'ili A'iv,-r.
liin </<■ h^'PPit*,il a pr«)vincc in the S div
vrfion of ♦»>iri)(»iy in S. ,\ii\trica. 'J hii
province is'bJiiiiWkd (mthe N W by lii-
cuman and Uraod Cbaco ; it cxtttulh K
to the Straits of Magfillan, cotrprihend-
ing a great part of the country V. of
thV Cordillera-i ; and on the i: by the K.
Atlantic Ocean. This province former-
ly belonged tr I'aragu.iy, but was divided
from it in ifjii, and crtitul into a Up-
araic government called Rii? cK; la Plata.
This part of the confincui v/a* lirft d.'-
covered ill in6 by Juan Dia?; dc Soils.
The climate i« tempt-rate, and the earuk
cxtremely'fei'tile.producing in abund.tncc
wheat, and all otiur grains, vegetiibit*
aiKl fruits, particul%irly peaches ol a very
delicious flavour, v.-hicli grow wild, and
<hc trees of which alVord likewil'c the
principal p.irt of the fml. This country
well watered bv diHcrent rivers, which
all vmpty themlelvcs into the great river
l,a Plata, one of the four largtft rivers
in America. The capital of this prov-
ince is the Trinity of Duenos Ayre.«,
fonnded'by Hon Pedro dj Meiulo/a, in
the ycav 15,^5 ; it was, foon after its lirft
fettling, twice abandoned, being invadtd
by the Tarres .iiid Charnas Indians ; be-
fore delivering up the city, the inhabit-
ants were, reduced to the extremity of
eating human flelli. See Jliunot ylyi''.
Kiu ./• J'li.-nuj, A harbour or ancbtiragc
•ground on the N tide of the illand of Cu-
ba, S \V of Ikhia Honda.
A'i" '7/'""', a rich and populous city ot
Urrizi^hivingnuiny elcyant churches aiul
liandfome buildings, fituated uitliin ;i
large and wide Iiav, in lat. *4 15 S, and
Ion. 4.^ 30 W. It contains about 2Go,cor)
inliabitants, and is a place of conlidera-
bie trade. The ftreets arc well pa\< d,
an aqucdinfton tlie Roman place fupplie',
the city, but the place is unhealthy, k
is alio called St Scbaftian.
Ji'.V
I ■ 'i; h
ROA
' ' ' RltiRiaU a 'iver of Brazil, I'uniiing al-
«no(V parallel with that of St. Fr<incis, di-
viding t .e captainfhip of Sercgipc from
that of Todos los Santos, and empties in-
to the otean 41 leagues N of the bay of
that name.
Rifpacanoe Creei, in the Indiana Terri-
tory, is a weftern branch of Wabafli riv-
«r. -The Kickapec Indian town lies near
it. Its mouth is zo miles above the Low-
er Weau towns*
Ripton, a townfliip in Addifon co. Ver-
mont, %% miles £ of Lake Champlain.
Riftigeucbe River, in ii. Canada, rifcs a
little eaftward of St. Jolxn\s river, runs S,
then E, into the W endvof CHaleur Bay
by a broad mouth. Bicttveev its bend
and an eaftern branch of !ftt John's river
h a fliort portage. It receives Matapc-
diach river, and a number of fmaller
ftreams from the mouth. It is navigable
for fliips 7 leagues from its mouth, and
abounds with falmon and wild fowl. On
its N bank, near its roomb, is ^n Indian
village.
Rivanna, a fmall H W branch of James'
river in Virginia, whofe headwaters unite
a few miles N of Charlottefvillc, and emp-
ty into James' river, ab<iut a miles above
Elk Ifland. It is navigable for canoes
and battcaux to its interfc(5lion with the
S W mountains, which is about 2^ miles ;
and may eafily be opened, to navigation
through thofe mountains, to its fork above
Charlottcfviile.
River bead, a townfliip of N. York, in
Suffolk CO. Long I. It was taken from
the townfhip of Southold, and incorpo-
rated in 1791, and has 1501 inhabitants.
River of the IVef, in the W part of N.
America, empties into the ocean in about
lat. 43 17 30 N, and Ion, I23 30 W. h
is little known, except near its mouth.
Riviere, Grande, in L. Canada, empties
into the ocean through the northern
fliorc of Chaleur Bay, about 6 leagues W
N W of Cape Defpair. Here is a coiifid-
erable cod fifliery.
Roanoke Inlet, on the coaft of N. Caroli-
na, leads into Albemarle Sound. N lat.
35 j6, W Ion. 76 14.
Roanokt IJland, is on the S Hde of Albe-
marle Sound. The N point of the idaud
is about 7 miles W of Roanoke Inlet.
Roanoie, a long and rapid river, is form-
ed by a principal branches, Staunton riv-
er, which rifesin Virginia, and Dan river,
which rifes in N. Carolina. The low lands
on this river arc fubje«!l to inundations.
It is navigable only fpr fca vcHcls nearly
ROC
30 miles, for boat? of 30 or 40 tons to
the falls. Above the falls boats of 5 tons
afcend about aoo miles. It empties by
fcveral mouths into the S W end of Al-
bemarle Sound. The planters on the
banks of this river, are fuppofcd to be
the wealthicd ii> N. Carolina. The low.
er part of this river was formerly called
Mozattoe,
• Roanoie River,Ltttle, empties into StauOv
ton river from the N, about rj miles
above the jun(Slioa of Pan and Staunton
rivers.
Roaring River, St. boatable water of Ten -
elTee State, which runs N W into Cum-
berland river, iz miles S Woif the mouth
o,f Obas river.
Rubcrdeau,.?i fmall fort wbich'was eredU
cd in Bald Eagle, or Sinking Spring Val-
ley, in Pennfylvania, during the late war.
It was crei3ed for the proteiSlion of thofe
who then worked at the lead mines. But
che Indian war raging around them, they
were forced to abandon the cnterprifc.
See Bald Eagle Valley.
Robert Bay, on the E coaft of New-
foundland, I'eparated from Spanifli Bay
by a very narrow neck of land ; and
about E N £ 4 miles about the point
from Port Grave.
Robert ^i>y,a gulf or bay of the ifland
of Martinico in the W. Indies, and one of
the £neft natural harbours that can be
imagined, being able to contain the larg-
efl fleet with fuch convenience, that the
Hiips may ride near enough the fliore to
reach it with a plank. It is about 3
leagues in depth, and is formed by the
Point of the Ga\lepQS on the ,W, and Point
flpfe on the £.
Roiertfon's County, in Tencflce, in Mero
Diftricft, is bounded N by Kentucky. It
is watered by Cumberland and Red riv-
ers. It contains 4380 inhabitants, of
yvbom 863 are flaves.
Robcfon, a county of N. Carolina, in
Fayette diftridt, and bounded S W bv the
ftate of S. Carolina. It contains 6606 in-
habitants, including 960 flaves. Chief
town, Lumberton.
Robin Hood^t Bay, on the £ coaft of
Newfoundland, is frequented by fmall
yeflels, as they can iilb here to advan-
tage. It is not far from Trinity Harbour,
and near to Fox Iflands.
Roca IJlands, a clufter of uninhabited
iflands, oiT the N coad of Venezuela, in
Terra Firma, about 40 leagues N W by
W of Tortugas.
R»ca PartiJt, a fmall ifland in the N.
Pacific
Taciiic Gc
from the i
and Ion. i:
Roche, C.
ifland of S
W of Old
Rocb, Ri-
Territory,
empties int'
the Iowa R
Rocher, U
on Miffifipi
where Fort
Rochejler,
Vermont, a
Rochejler, ;
Plymouth c(
ton. It con
Rochejler, j
Hampfliirc.c
of Pjfcataqu
Portfmouth,
ton. It was
contains 364
the Court of
held in this ti
Rechejltr 7
lake St. Clair,
Hone.
Rochejler, a
York, extend
It is about la
contains 4433
Roci/iway, a
CO. N. Jerfey,
of its name, i>
fown, 3j S£(
RoMrid^e, s
Virginia, boui
Py James rive
Botetourt co.
'•sbitants, and,
Natural Bridge
IS alfo a uftful a
ftudents, libera
Gen Wafliingto
^"fiington Acau
Jugton.
. RoeifiJh,si,}^
'0 Virginia, at
lomc indifferent
gated with red, b
a lar^e precipice,
'gable part of t
"larble has ever
Rociford, a po
57.? miles from ]
RockbiU, a town
7'vania.
Rociin^ham, on
ROC
R OC
}ns to
J torn
ies by
jf Al-
in the
to be
ic low-
called
StauiH
; miles
launtoa,
of Ten -
o C\im-
e mouth
as ercdb*
ing Val-
late war.
of thofc
ncs. But
em, they
iiterprifc.
of New-
nifli Bay
md; and
;he point
the iHand
uid one of
»t can be
the larg-
that the
fliore to
about 3
■d by the
and Point
jn Mero
ucky. U
Red rlv-
)itant8, ot
rolina, *>n
W by the
1 6666 in-
s. Chief
coaft of
by ftnall
to advan-
Harbour,
linhabitcd
[ezuela, in
NWby
in the N.
Pacifi«
Pacific Ocean, S E from I. a Mcfa, mid W ;
from tlie ille I.a Nublad.i ; lat. i6 35 N,
and Ion. ia8 W.
Rocbt, Crpe dt la, on the N fide of the
ifland of St. Domingo, is about 5 kagtics
\V of Old C;>pc Fnincois.
Rocb, R'lviirea la, a river of the N. W.
Territory, which runs a S W comic, and
empties into the MilTifippi, 95 miles above
the Iowa Rapids.
Rocber, la praire du, or Roi:k Mendoivs,
on MiiTifippi river, 3 miles below thefpct
where Fort Chartres (lood.
Rochefier, a townfliip of Wiijdfor co,
Vermont, and contains 524 inhubitants.
Rucheftert a townfliip of MDAachufetts,
Plymouth co. 52 miles fouthward of Bof-
ton. It contains 2546 inhabitants.
RoehrJUr, a townlltip in Stra^brd co.N.
Hampfliire.on thpWiidcQf the N branch
of Piicataqua river, 22 miles N W of
Portfmouth, and 40 S hy E of Middle-
ton. It was incorporated in 1722, and
contains 2646 inhabitants. Qae term of
the Court of Common Picas is annually
held in this town.
Rtcbtfltr Toivnjhip, U Canada, lies on
lake St. Clair, between Tilbury and JVlaid-
Aonc. Smytb.
Rocie/ler,!i townfliip in . Ulfter co. N.
York, extending W ro Delawar;: river.
It is about 12 miles S W of Efopus, and
contains 2423 inhabitants.
Roctaway, a (imalt poll town in Morris
CO. N. Jerfey, on the S fide of the river
of itsnaipe, ij miles Nby Wqf Morrif-
town, 21 S £ of Newtpn.
Roeiirid^t, a mountainous county of
Virginia, bounded N by AuguAa, and S
hy James river, which divides it from
Botetourt co. It contains 7875 free in-
hiibitants, and 1079 Daves. The famous
Natural Bridge it in this county. Here
is alfo a ufeful academy of from ao to 40
lludents, liberally endowed by the late
Gen Wafliington, and called, after him,
Wajhin^ton Atmdemy. Chief town, Lex-
ington.
Rod fijh, a N W branch of James river,
in Virginia, at the mouth of which is
fomc indifTcrent marble, generally varie-
gated with red, blue, and purple. It forms
alar^e precipice, which hangs over a nav-
igable part of the river. None of the
marble has ever yet been worked.
Rcciford, a port town of N. Cafolina,
57.^ miles from Philadelphia.
Rodbiil, a townfliip of Buck's Co. Pena-
fylvania.
Rociinviam, one of tlic j counties into
which t1»e flute of N. ILimpnilre isdividt
td. It lita (Ml tlu S I', p.irt ot the lUfe ;
having tlie Atlaiitc Ocean on the S F,,
thv" coi'.aty of ltillfbi>rouj,li on the W,
StrnfTord on tlic N, and tin.- Hate ot iViaf-
lAcluiiVits on the S. It is ;i!)<>ut 60 miles
loug, and y^ Uroad. Ic embraces the on-
ly icTport anil moft of the commercial
ti)\yns in tlic flute. It contains 4,6 town-
fliips, and 45,427 inhabitants. Chief
towns, Portlmoutli, !• ictcr, and Concord.
Roc.iini;bam,tht N I', towiilnip in Wind-
ham CO. Vermont, io on the W bank of
Connecticut river, which ftparruis it
from Walpolc.in N. Hanipfliii;e. It con-
tains 1684 inhabitants.
Rociinorham, a county of Sidifhury dif-
trii'^, N. Carolina, liimndtd E by Cafwdl,
and W by Stokes. On tiit I'anks ot the
Dan, which waters this county, are large
traiSts of fertile Ipw land. A Itirnace an4
forge hive been ereiSltd on Troublefomc
Creek. Iron ore is found in many part*
of the county. It contains 827 7 inhabit'^
ants, includiijg 163.I Havc!,.
Roelingbam,th^ chipf town of Richmon4
CO. N. Carolina. It is feated on an emi-
nence, about 6 miles £ of Great Pedce
river, and contains a court houfe, gaol,
and a few dwelling houfcs. It is 74
miles froi^ liillfborough, 40 from Betha-
nia, and J36 from Philadelphia.
Roditi^bitm, -A mountainous co.; of Vir-
ginia, bounded' N by iihenandoah, and S
by Augufla. It contains 9322 .free in»
habitants, and 1052 flaves.
Rodingbam, ufually called Rock town.
(Harrifoiiburgh is its legal name,) a po(t
town and the feat of ttu: courts of the
above county, is fituated on a branch of
Shenandoah river, and contains a court
houfe, gaol, and about. 30 houfes^ It in
108 miles E by N of the Sweet Springs,
25 N W by N of Staunton, ja S W of
Straiburgli, in' Pcimfylvauia, and 262 SI
W of Philadelphia.
Rodlaiidin^, a military pod on the Oco«
nee river, Georgia.
Rockland, a county iu N. York, on the
W fide of Hudfon river. It was feparat-
cd from Orange county, an<l is now the
fouthcrnmoft county in the State, on
that tide xhe river, bounded by N. Jerfey,
S VV, Orange county N W, Hudfou's riv-
er F.. It has 6353 inhabitants.
Rody Mtadoius, called by the FrencI^
La Praire du Rochtr, in the Indiana Terri-*
tory, onthcE fide of the Millifippi, i*
miles N of Kalkafltias, ajid 3 S of Fort
Chartrcs. About ao years ago, it con-
^ine<l
■ .<■•
1 ■ we
i J.i
^OG
ROM
«&ined 100 white inhabitants, and So ne-
groes.
Jtochemirko, I-incoln co. Maine, now Jay.
Raclonkama, a pond of about a mile in
circHmfcrence, in the centre of Long Ifl-
ttiid, N. York, between Smithtown and
Ittip. It is continually ebbing aud (low-
ing; rifing graduivJIy for feveral years,
until it has arrived to a certain height ;
antl then falling nwre rapidly to it8 loweft
bed.
Rocky IJland, in the tIvct Detroit U.
Canada, Ires (m the !•! iide of GrofFe Illc,
and clofc to it ; tiiis iOand is a rock, flw
ftone of which i» valuable for building or
for lime. The rock i» in flrata, lying
pretty regnlar. 'J'herc is no wood on
thi» iiland. Smyth.
Rocky Point, <m the S fliore of I.aVe
£rte, lies 80 milo« from the itay of Saiul-
uiky,
RncSy, a fnwtH river «f N. Carolina,
which empties into Yadkin river.
Roiliy mtuitt, or Frantlln Court Hoiifi:, in
Virginia, where is a port office, *.^ miles
frotn Martinlburg, 40 from 1-iborty, and
13,7 from Philadelphia.
Raciy Mount, «n the CatJ»bau river, in
the lower part«f Clicttcr co. S. Carolina,
one of the Inrgeft Hlhing places in the
fonthvrn Statcfc. It is faid, that with a
hand net, a man fontetimes catches zo,or
%i,oo&OMid in a day.
R9*iy River, m the Iwliana Territory,
fUUiato tlkc E fide of JVIillilippi river,
about 70 miles Wlow tl)« mouth of
Jbline rifer. A lead mine extends fporn
the mouth of this river on the banks of
the NfiiKltppi, more than 100 miles up-
ward*.
RntoGraiide, an ifland ^n the corafi of
theSpanifli Main, in the W. Indies. N
lafc ii 5,W l«n. 67 .19.
RoJiuy, Point, OB the N W coaft of N.
Amelrica, is the N point of Norton Sound.
Sledge Idand is S K j^ £ of it 4 leagues,
Itctwecn wMch and the ctmtinent is an-
chorage in 7 fathoms. This point has
itj name iii honor of the celebrated Ad-
miral, Lord Rodney. N lat. 64 30, W
Ion. 166 3.
ReJrigufs K<y, on the coaft of Florida,
a pretty large maii_^rovc ifland, one of
t^\e Tortuga's, lying ofT Key Largo,
and btars from 'J avtrnits' Key N N E
^ E 5 miles. The roots of the trees arc
always overflowed. N lat. 25, Wlon. 81 17.
Ratlmci TJlanJ, at the eaftern extremity
mH Lake Ontario. Sec Forejl Jjlmd.
Rn^irs' SotiJ, I'o called from the pirfon
under whofe diredl:ion it was madf, in
1790. It leads through Clinton ro. in
N. York flatc into Canada ; and is much
ufcd in winter, when palling the lakes ij
often dungcroun, and alwavs uncomloic-
able.
^oo-zvyi/Z/r, the chief town of Hawkiir,
CO. TencHcc, is handfomely fituutcd in
Cartcr'e valley, with a prolptt^t pliafinj^ly
variegated by foine round hills at a clil-
tancc. It contains about in dwelling
luiufes, fome public buildings, ftorcs, &:>■.
It lias a nunilKT of [xrrenial Ipriiigs, and
oni above the level of tke llrecrs. '\'i,r
road from Knoxvilie to Pliiladilphia.6;{
I miles, paflcs by Rogerfville, Rofs's lur-
naoc, Abingdon, Englilh's I'erry, on New
River, Big LickiPcytonflmrg, Rockbridge,
Lexington, Staunton, N. Market, Vniclitl-
ter, FrcdcrickH)Wr>, York, and Lanrafti.1.
RaLtnil's Table, on the maiii land of tli;
E coaft of the diftritft of tiafpee in L.
Canada, and the W part of the Gulf of
St. I^awrencr, is a flat mountain, which
Ihews itfetf offtofcaward; appears above
feveral others, and fcrves to find out Hie
Pe'reee, or I'ierred iiland, 15 nnlcs from
Cape Gafpec. The ijlaiul of Bouavcntu-
ra is 3 miles beyond it.
R-ollIng JFoii, a main Ibnthem brancli of
Salt river, in Kentucky. The towns of
Lydra and Bcalibnrg ftand on this river.
Riimnn, Ciifir, on the coaft of S» Caroli-
na. F'roin hence to Charlefton light
houfe the courfe isW S W ^ W ai league*,
N kit. 33 J, W Ion. 79 30.
Roman, Capr, on the coaft »f Florida, i«
ao^ leagues N tV by N of Cape Sable.
the S W point of the peninfula uf Florida.
Roman, Cape, on the N COaft of "^t'crra
Firma, fs the N point of the pentnfuh
which is tlie £ limit of the Gulf of Ve-
nezuela. Near it on the N are a number
of rocks, and due N of it is the iiland nf
Orua, or Aruba, belonging to the Uutch,
8 or 9 leagues diftanu
Rtmann, or Romano Cayo, a fmall iiland
ofF the N fliore of the iiland of Cuba. It
is long and narrow, and at the caftern ei-
trcinity of that cluftcr of illcs called the
King's Garden.
Romt; a port town of N. York, Oneida
CO. on Mohawk river, 8 miles A\' ot
Wliiteftown, and 376 miles from Phila-
delphia, having 1479 inhabitants. 'I'lii*
townfliip was taken from Steuben, aiul
incorporated in 1796. Fort Stanwix, ciiH-
ed alio New Fort Schuyler, is in tin
town.
Rcmnfy, the chief town of Mamplhin'
•o.Virgiiiii
tioul'cit, a h
X-'iol. It is
of the S W
.^o mile.H W
by N of M(
Town, in A
ii a poft to
of Philadclj
Romupjck,
Jcrlcy, on
miles' N of 1
Romulus,
York ftate, (
and Cayuga
the ferry at
its N part,
and has with
lliipsof Juni
ol tliclitnds r
of Indians, )
X02J inhabit
R'liuh; otR
adincs,dcpcn
aJa, in the \\
way between
Grenada, abo
contain.'s abou
whic/i arc w
and the cnltiv
Ropt Juriy
tiiwu of No
luiles S \V by '
poft road to ]
tip from Loi
Millftone Poii
'n Auguft, 17,
^^a8 built aero
Millftone Poi
feet deep, Tl
vutU a Hiding!
Raqiti', Cipe,
W of Cape St,
'•'"• .17 30.
Ro/j^Acune. ii
I^NE iEof
point of the i/la
R'fi, or St ,
tliA.' coaft of \\\
30 miles N E,
•'"lad. 'J'lic h:
8 feet water, w
there is 16 or i
"11 the main la
'"•ten this bay ;
•he W, is (roni
h is generally i
prudueing, in i
aild live oak. '1
»^l" the bay is
ROS
R03
•i).VirgiiiiH, contains about 70 dwelling
liuul'eii, a brick cuurt houlc and a (lone
^aol. It is lituatcd un the wcftern bank
«)t the S W branch of Patowmac riytr,
^o miles VV by N ot Winchtfter, 15 N L
by Nof MoorlicUh, and 18 S W of Old
Town, in Allegliany co. Pennfylvania. It
ii a pofl town, and is 242 miles W by S
uf Philadelphia.
Romopjckf a village in Bergen co. M.
Jcri'ey, on Roniopuck river, 13 or ao
miles N of Pattt'i'lon.
Jioiiiuliit, a military towndiip in-' N:
York ftate, Cayuga co. bctweto Seneca
and CayugA Lakes. The high road to
the ferry at C.iyuga Lake, runt through
its N part. It was incorporated in 1 794 ;
and has within its jitrilditilion the town-
ibipsof Junusand Galen, and that part
ol the lands rifcrved to the Cayuga nation
of Indians, VV of Cayuga Lake. It has
1025 inhabitants.
H'wiL; or RL-on.le ^/jh</, one of the Gren-
adines, dependent on the iJland of Gren-
ada, in the \V. Indies, fituatcd ab(>ut mid-
way between Cariacou and the N end of
Grenada, about 4 leagues fronji each. It
containis about 5C0 acres of excellent laud,
uhich are wholly applied to paflurage,
and the cidtivation of cotton.
Rupe /'Wry, a ferry acrofs a bay in the
town of New London, Conncilicut ; 4
luiles S \V by W of N. Loudon city, on the
pod road to New Haven, The bay lets
up from Long Illand Sound, between
Millftone Point and Black Point in Lvme.
In Auguft, 17<;^), a bridge, 500 feet long,
\\M built acrofs this ferry, 2 miles above
AlillOonc Point, where the water is 18
feet deep. The bridge is 24 feel broad,
«uth a liidingdraw,
Roijiif, C.ipe, on the coad of Brazil, N
W of Cape St. AuguftJne, S laX. 6 jo, W
lun. .37 30.
Ro/j,ji ca(>e in the illand of St. Domingo,
F. N E ^ l-; of Cape Dame Marie, the W
puintof the illand, didant about. 7 leagues.
R'/.i, or Si A'yi'i an txtenlive bay on
tlie coall of W. ilorida, flrciching alxnit
30 miles N £, and is from 4 to 6 miles
broad. 'I'lie bar before it has only 7 or
8 feet water, w here deepcft ; but within
there is 16 or 17, as far as the Red BluIT
(111 the main land. The pcninfula be-
tween this bay and that of Pcnfacola, on
the \V, is from i to 3 or 4 miles broad.
It is generally a very poor, fandy foil,
producing, in Ibme places, large pines
aild live oak. The largell river that falls
Uitu the b:iy is ChaCU liitCchii, or f^^A
river, which runs from the N F. and entcr#
the eancrn extremity 01 the bay througlT
ieveral mouths, but fo llioal that only a<
Imallboat Or canoe can pals them. Mr>
Hutchins afcmded it about 25 league»T
where he found a fmall party uf the
CouiTac Indians.
R*fa, or Ro/e I/ljiiJ, extcndii along the
mouth of the above bay, and h> about /o
miles long, and no where above half a
mile broad. 'I'hc channel at the E end
of the ifland is lb choaked up' with a large
iTioali in fonic places' dry, that the deep-
cll water is only 4 or 5 feet ; and the
channel between Kofc Illand and tiie
main is barely fuflicient fur boats orpvt-
tiaugerf.
Rofalky Fvrtr is fttuated in the Miflifip-
pi territory, in the Natchez country, oiv
the b Ude of the Millilippi, in lat. JJt 40 ;
243 miles above New Orleans.
Rfcau, the capital of the irtnnd of
Doniinleo, in the \V. Indies. It' is now
calkd Charloiietown, and is lituatcd in
St. George's parifli,abt)ut 7 leagues from
Prince Rupert's Bay. It is on a point <»f
land on the S W lide of the illand which
forms two bays, viz. WoodbridgeV Bay N,
and Chailouevillc Bay S. Kolcau i«
about half a mile in length from Char-
lotteville to Rofeau, and modly tw<» fur-
longs in breadth, but is of an irregular
figure. It contains more than 500 houles,
bclidc cottages occupied by negroes.
Whilft in poll'efliou of the French, it con-
tained upward* of icoo houl'is. N lax.
»5 15. W hin. 61 27.
Rtjl:, St. or y^iynu. The cflabltflimenta
in the plain of .St. Rofe, and thole on the
banks of the Jayna, on the S lide of the
illand of St.. Domingo, are looked upon a«
depending on the city of St. Domingo.
They are reckoned to contain, at Iralt,
icoo inhabitants ; for the mud part peo-
ple of colour.free and Haves, 'fhe river
Jayna is 3 leagues W of that city. The
parilh of St. Rofe or J.ayna, whicli has in
its dependency the ancient rich popula-
tion of Bonavcnture, is m>w reduced t(v
a handful of individuals, whofe employ-
ment is the breeding of cattli or the wafli-
ing of gold land. Towards the I'ource of
the Jayna, and near the town of St. Role,
were the celebrated gold mines of St.
Chridopher ; in the niighbourho«)d of
which Columbus ercdted a fort by the
name of St. Chridophcr.
Rv/eway, Port, a populous feaport town ,
on the S E coafl of Nova Scotia, N i'l by
F. «[ ^jtpe Mecro and Harbour.
11
P
I**
i.:
tiou
kofc'.vay TJIatid, lies at the mouth c
t'ort Wager, on the S E coall of Nov^
Scotia
Sojlif Cipf, in Pctiobfcot Bay, Maine.
X'ifiers, C:i/>e, the 6 limit of the mouth
hftlic river 8t. l^awrence ; fr am whence
it is 90 miles acrol's to the N thore, meaf-
tiriiig by the W end of the iflatld of An-
ticofti. This is the eanertlmoft pciut of
the diflridl of Gafpee, in L. CMoada. It
has FlorcU Ifle and Cape Galpee on the
S. N lat. 48 56, W ion. 63 40.
Jtofs, a co.cf the ftatc of Ohio, Has 8540
inhabitants. It is divided into 11 towii-
lliips; viz. Pickaway, Green, Jefferfon,
Pe Pee, liiclc, Scioto, Union, Concord,
Paxtoa, New Market, and W^ayne.
Xojij.-iol, Port, on the S coafl: of Nova
Scoti.i, a harbour S Wof Portde L'Hevc.
Rojtgnvl, a conlideralile lake in Nova
Scotia, between Liverpool <4nd Annapolis.
'I'he Indians lay it is the main fodrce of
Liverpool and Petit rivers. It has been
a place of rcfort for the Indians, od ac-
count of the favourable hunting grounds
upon it.
Mottertfani, or Anamocbe JJlf, one of the
Friendly lllands, N of Amfterdam ifle ;
remarkable for its fertihty and the peace-
sibie dii'pofition of tlic inhabitants.
Rotterdam, New, a new fettlcment on
the N iide of Oneida Lake, N. York.
Rouge, Cipe, or Red Cipe, on the N fide
of the illand of St. Domingo, 4 leagues W
of Point Ifabeilica.
Rouge River, in Louifiaha, is fo called
from its water* being of a red colour, and
faid to tinge thofe uf the Mflifippi in the
time of the flo^s. It rifes in New Mex-
ico, and, aft*!*, running about 600 miles,
Joins the Miflirippi 187 miles above New
Orleans, 56^ miles below Fort Rofalie ;
30 miles from its mouth it receives Noir,
or Black river. Near 70 leagues up Rouge
fiver the French had a confiderahle poft
called Natchitoches. It was a frontier to
the Spanifli fettlements, being ao miles
from Fort Adayes. The Fort at Natchi-
toches was formerly garrlfoned by a Cap-
tain's Command, and contained about 40
families, moftly of difcharged foldicfs, and
fome merchants, who traded with the
Spaniards. Tobacco of a fuperior quali-
ty is cultivated at this poft, in confidcra-
ble quantities, and fold at New Orleans.
See Red River. Hutchini.
Rouge Cbapeau, or Red Hat, a cape on
the coaft of N. America. N lat. 46 ji,
W Ion. S5 sfi-
R<,und Buy, a fine bay, with good an-
ROW
chorage, on tlio W fide of the ifland cf
.St. Lucia.
Round, Cape, oii the coad of Labra-
dor.
Round Heads, Indians inhabiting nn
Round Head river, in N. America. VVar-
riors, 200O.
Round IJljnd, a fmall ifland drt the coal]
of W. riorida, lies 5 milts N frrtm, and
oppoilte to, the middle of Horn Ifland,
and is well timbered.
Riiiiiid Ruck, one of tKe Virjin Iflands,
N of Ginger Ifland. N lat. 18 10, \V
Ion. 6a 53.
Rowan, one of the moft populous coun-
ties of N. Carolina in Salifhiiry diflrict ;
bounded N by Iredell, and S by Cabarrus.
It contains 19,413 inhabitants, including
2531 flavcs. In this co: about 10 miles S
W of Sallfljury, aoo from the fca, and 70
from the mountains is a remarkable fub-
tCrrancous wall. The (Vones are all of
one kind, contain iron ore, are of a long
figure, commoniy about 7 inches long,
fometimes 13. The ends of the ftoncs
form the fides of the wall, fome prefcrvo
their dimenfions, others end hke a wedge.
The alternate pofition of great and
fmall ends keeps the wall level. Every
concave flone is furniflied with i convex.
The mofl: irregular tre throwrt into the
middle of the wall, fcvery flone is cov-
ered with cement, which in fome inftances
is an inch thick, and where wet is foft
like putty. The wall is uniformly aa
inches thick, the length difcovered is
about 300 feet, the height laor 14. The
top of the wall'is nearly parallel with the
top of the ground, about a foot below,
both fides are plaftered, and in one place
only is a bend or curve of 6 feet. The
whole is executed in a nioft ikilful man-
ner. See IValt Siibterranetut.
Roive, a townfliip in the N W corner
of HampHiire co. MalTachufetts ; bound-
ed N by Vermont, 1 15 miles N W of Bof-
ton. It is watered by Decrficld river,
and contains 575 inhabitants.
Rowley, a townfliip of MaflTachufetts,
EITex CO. having Newbury on the N 1-
The inhabitants, 1557 '" number, are
moftly farmers. Near its bounds with
Newbury on the hill S E from the mills
on Smelt R. fome fpecimens of black
lead have been difcovered, and it is
thought there is a confiderahle body of
it, which may be, hereafter, an objed
of confcquence. It is 4 miles N by W of
Ipfwich, and 34NbyE of BoAon, and
was iucorporate'd in 1639.
ROY
RUN
land cf
Labra-
ting on
. War-
he coart
bm, and
a Ifland,
1 1 (lands,
3 lo, W
JUS coun-
' diftrict ;
Llabarrus.
including
lO milfs S
:a, and 70
sable fub-
ire all oi
I of a long
:hes long,
the ftones
le prefcrvo
ce a wedge.
great and
el. Every
h I convex.
rt into the
3ne is cov.
le inftances
vet is foft
iformly la
"covered is
|ri4- Tbe
•1 with the
ot below,
one place
Ifeet. The
jlful man-
W corner
is ; btiund-
W of Bof-
acld river,
QTachufetts,
fthc N !•:.
Lmber, are
funds with
, the mills
of black
land it i»
body of
Ian objeift
by W of
Jollon, and
Jloxas, Haiu dc, the heights lu the dif-
tridt of Bayaguana, in the middle of the
t part of the illand of St. Domingo, are
fi) called. Here Vaiverde faw, after hav-
ing long fought for it in vain, a little
quadruped, which la fumi and fize refcm-
bled a flicking p^ uf a fortnight old, ex-
cept that its fnout was a little longer. It
had but very little hair, which was as fine
as that of the dogs called Chintfe. The
town of Bayaguana is about 4 leagues S
E by E of Baya.
Roxborougby a toWndiip of Pennfylvania,
Philadelphia CO.
Saxiiiry, a plcafant town in Norfolk co.
Maflachufetts, one mile S W of ?ofton.
The townfliip is now divided into 3 par-
iQiesandwas fettled in i6jo. In the 3
pariflies are a 765 inhabitants. The
firft parilli in this town has lately been
cunne«Stcd withBoAon harbour bV a canal.
The Rev. John Eliot, the Apoftle of the
Indians, was the firrt minifter who fettled
here. He tranflated the Bible, and other
pious books, into the Indi^u language ;
and founded many religous focieties
among the Indians. Thofe oiMarJhfn,
few in number, remain to this day. He
died in 1670, after being pador 60 years.
Roxbury, a townfliip in the \V p;u-t of
Orange co. Vermont, having 113 inhabit-
ants.
Roxbury, a townfliip of Morris co. N.
Jerfey, on Mufconecifnk river, 25 miles
from its confluence with the Delawai'e,
ard 45 mUes N of Trenton. Near it is a
mineral i'pring.
Roxbury, a town in Litchfield co. Con-
netfticut, containing 11 21 inhabitants.
^0X0, a cape near the S W part of Por-
to Rico IHand, and S of Cape Rincon. N
lat^ i8 II, W Ion. 67 53.
Royal Bay, at the N part of the ifland
of .'\iitigua.
Rtyai IJe, In the S W part of lake Su-
perior, lies to the N of Ifle Philippeaux, N
E of W. bay, and S of the Grand Portage.
It is about 100 miles long and 40 broad.
Smyth.
Royal IJIe, a fmall fertile ifldnd in the
river St. Lawrence ; 60 miles below Lake
Ontario. The French fort on it was
taken by Gen. Amhcrft, in 1 760.
Royal t R. in Cumberland co. Maine,
empties into Cafco Bay, in the townfliip
ofN. Yarmouth.
Royjltoit, a townfliip in Windfor co.
Vermont, N W of Hartford, on While R.
and contains 1501 inhabitants.
Royalflo!,, a townfliip of Maflachufetta,
Vot. I. X X X
Wortefter co. 40 miles N W by N of
Worcefter, and 70 N W of Boflon. It was
incorporated in 1665, and contains 1243
inhabitants. Miller's R. runs through
this town from the E.
Ruatan, or Rattan, an ifland in the BaT
of Honduras, 8 leagues from tbe Mofqui-
to fhore, and about aoo \V by S of th^
ifland of Jamaica. It is 30 miles long and
13 broad, naturally fortified with rocks
and flioals, except the entrance into thft
harbour, which is fo narrow that only
ope fliip can pafs it at a time ; the
harbour is one of the fiaefl in the
world, and can aftbrd fafe anchora^.e for
500 fail of fliips. It was totally uninhab-
ited until 1742, when the Britifli, under
the command of Major Crawford, began
a fet'tlement, in order to piotedl the log-
wood cutters, and fecnre a trade with the
Spaniards of Gnatimala, for cochineal,
indigo, &c. but it was foon abandoned.
Nlat. 17 6, W Ion. 88 12.
Rutrehy^ Mills, in S. Carolina, are about
12 miles N of Camden, near the wcftern-
moft branch of Lyuche's Creek. Here
Gen. Greene retreated, in May, 1781, to
wait for reinforcements, after his repulfe
at Camden, and to prevent fupplics
reaching it.
Ruijfeau, GrahJ, a fettlemcnt on the E
fide of the river MitTifippi, and in the In-
diana Territory, which, with the villages
of St. Philip and Braire du Rochcrs, con-
tained, in 1792, X40 inhabltartts.
Rumford. See Concord, N. Hampfliirc.
Rumford, a town in Cumberland co.
Maine, on the N b.ink of G. Androfcog-
gin R. nbout 80 miles N W of Portland.
The townfliip is about 8 miles fquare, 7
of which lie N of Androfcoggin R. which
meanders through it about 1% miles.
About a mile from its £ line there is a
large fall. Ellis' river runs through it oa
the weft fide.
Rumi Ramba, a plain hear Quito in Pe-
ru, full of large fragments of rocks, thrown
thither from a volcano, formerly in the
famous mountain of Pichincha.
Rum Key, one of the Bahama Iflands.
N lat. 23 52, W Ion. 74 17.
Rumiiey, or Romney, a townfliip of N.
Hampfliire, Grafton co. on a N branch of
Baker's R. about 7 or 8 miles N W of
Plymouth on the VV fide of the Pemlge-
wafTet. It was incorporated in 1767, and
contains 624 inhabitants.
Runatmy Bay, on the N W coaft of the
ifland of Antigua, between the fort on
Corblzon's Paint JS', und Fort Hamilton
to
^ • I
R U V
to the South. OflTit lie rocks and Hioals.
Runaway Biiy, on the N coa(t of the
ifland of Jamaica, W of Great Laughlandi
river and Mumby Bay, and 9 oV 10 miles
E of Rio Bueno.
Riibert, the N wedernmod townfliip of
Bennington co. Vermont. It contains
1648 inhahitants.
RuperCs Bay, at the N W end of the
ifland of Dominica, in the W. Indies,
affords good: flicker from the winds, and
i» deep, capacious and Tandy. It is the
principal bay of the ifland, and on it is
ereiSted the town of Portfmouth.
Rupert's Fort, at the bottom of Hudlon's
3.iy, in N. America, is fituated on a river
of the fame name, on theE fide of James's
Bav ; between Slade R. N, and Nodway
R.S. N lat. 5r50,Wlon.8o5.
Rupert's JJlinJ, the mofl weflferly of the
4 ifl.inds in the ftraits of MagelUin, which
form the S fide of Royal Reach.
Rujkohefrcn, the Indian name of Parker's
Ifland in Kennebeck river.
Rujfelville, a town in Logan co. in the
tnuthern part of Kentucky, in a populous
part of the ftate, about 40 miles from
Nafliville, has 65 inhabitants.
Ruffell ToivnPiip, in the county of Leeds,'
U. Canada, lies to the northward of
Kitley.
Rujlom River, IT. Canada, runs into lake
St. Clair, between Point aux Rijckes and
Belle riVer : a loaded boat may go 6 miles
up this river ; the laud is exceedingly
good <>ii Its banks ; there is a fettlement
of Indians a few mihs up it. Smyth.
Htiffdl, a CO. of Virginia, bounded N
by Greenbriar, and S by Lee co. It con-
tains 4456 inhabitants, including 351
flaves.
Ru(fc1l, a townfliip in Hampfliire co.
Mafl!achulett3, 15 miles W of Springfield,
and 108 Why S of Boflon. It was in-
corporated in 179a, and contains 4jr
inhabitants.
Rutherford, a CO. of Morgan diftriift, N.
Carolina, bounded Nov Burke and S by
the fta'e of S. Carolina. It contains
10,696 inhabitants, including 1047 flaves.
Rutherford Totvii, capital of the above
CO. has a court houfe, gaol, and a few
dwelling houfes.
Ri!thllor6U]!i,,\. village in Queen Anne's
fo Maryland, on Tuckalioc Creek,' 6
miles SE of Centcrville, and 7iN Wof
Greenlbo rough.
Rutlind, a CO. of Vermont, boimded N
by Addifua co. E by VVindfor, S by Ben-
!t y E
nington, W by N. York. Otter Greet
and other flreams, water this county. It
has alfo numerous lakes or ponds, well
flored with fifli ; the chief of thefe, are
I-akes Bombazon, and St. Auftin ; t In-
former in Huhbcrton and Caftleton, and
the latter in Wells. It contains 15 town-
Ihips, and 23,813 inhabitants. Here are
14 forges, 3 furnaces, afid a flitting mil!.
Rutland, a poll town of Vermont, and
capitaroPth"B above co. on* Otter Creek,
55 miles from its mouth in Lake Cham-
phin ; 57mrie9 ff of Bennington, 45 W
by N of Windfor. It contains a con-
gregational church, a court houfe, and
ail5 inhabitants. N lat. 43 34 30, W
Ion. 72 50 30. The mean heat here; ac-
cording to Dr. Williams, is 43 6
, , . Leaft heat at
•:«rvJ..JMrr.J ^. Greateft heat 9a
Pipe clay is found here, which has betn
wrought into crucibles that prove very
durable.
Rutland, a townfliip of MaflachufettJ,
Wo cefter co. 14 miles N Wof Worcefter,
and 56 W of Bofton. The town wasiii-
corporated- in. 17^2, and "contains lacb
inhabitants. It is on the height of land
between Conticcticut river and Merri-
mack. From a barn in this town, the
water wliich drops from the eaftern fide
of the roof,, runs to the Merrimack, and
that which falls from the weflern fidi:
runs to the Conneiflicut. In this town
are two confiderable ponds. Several
flreams proceed thence in diflferent di-
redtions ; fome fuflicjently large for mills.
The profpedls from the centre of tfie
town are exteuuve and delightful.
Rutledge, the fliire town of Grainger co
Teneflee, in- Richland valley. It con-
tains 8 or 10 dwelling Houfes, and is a
handfome Rourifiiing village.
Rye, A townfliip of N. Hampfliire, 011
the fea coaft of Rockingham co. oppolite j
the Ifle of Shoals, and 8 miles S" of Portf-
mouth. It was incorporated in 17 191
and contains 890 inhabitants. The coali |
affords excellent fait hav.
Rye, a townfliip of N. York, W. Chefti:
CO. on L. Ifland Sound ; 36 miles N E ui 1
N. York city. It contains 1 1 74 inhab-
itants.
Rye, a townfliip ia Cumberland Ciil
Pennfylvaria. It has 1030 inhabitanti
Ryei^i>ie,t\\e S eafternmoll townfliip '>'■[
Caledonia co. Vermont, and feparatedj
from Bath in N. Hampfliire, by Conned-I
icut R. It contains 406 inhabltantj.
i>AB:-\
"dc. Grea,
Saranac, an
On this Area
whole defce;
feet, in feve
which is 40
foot of it th(
large pine h;
pitch over e
minutes und
confined by
<pareof4ofl
falls are at lej
fi-efliet, the fl.
^d in a few
full banks, an
ftrmfljona, v
crafliii^.
Sai/e, an ifl;
Ungues. It is
N lat. 44, J,,
Sable Point,
"nd, .NIat.j
Sables, Rivie
lakf Huron, S.
where the wat,
*o river St. Clai
Sacatecolula, (
coaft of Mexic(
^'here is a bu
town of the fai
Sac, Grande R
the illand of St.
^ontagne de la
'"kes a ftmicirci
i"id runs W in
leagues N of Po
SactvHle, a to
Cumberland co,
c-iiled by the .
«AC
Greet
nty. It
ids, well
liefe, are
in ; till-
ton, and
15 town-
Here are
;ing mill.
lont, and
er Creek.
c Cham-
on, 45 ^^
ns a con-
oufe, and
34 ?^o, W
t he^ejac-
43(■
11
t 9*
I has been
(tove very
ffachufett!,
■ Worceftcr,
)wnwa3'in-
itains ncte
nght of land
and Merri-
s town, the
I eaftern fide
irimack, and
weftern fid<
In this town
,s. Several
different di-
irge for mill's
mtre of tl't
[htful.
Grainger co
cy. It con-
[es, and is a
Lmpfhirci ""
\ CO. oppoli'.t
US-ofPortf-
[ted in i7'9i|
la. Thecoaftl
|-k,W.CheftcH
, miles N E "i |
1 1 74 inhiib-
Imherland co.|
lo inhabitants
townfliip »'\
lind feparatell
E,by Conned-r
^habitants
SAB.-\
S
/li?/^, one of the Caribbce Iilands, in
the W. I. belonging to the Duteh, about
i» miles in circumference. It is 13 miles
N W of St. Euftatia, and 30 S W of St.
Jiartholomcw. N lat. 1 7 39, W Ion. 6317.
Sa/>a, Litile, one of the linallcr Virgin
Iflands, S of St. Thomas, belonging to
the Danes.
Sable, Cape, the S W point of the prov-
i^ice of Nova Scotia. N lat. 43 24. W
Ion. 65 39. Variation of the needle, in
1787,1* ij W.
Sable, Cape, the S W point of the pen-
infnla of Florida ; a leagues EN E, ^
Eoftl\e SW point of the Dry Tortuga
Slioals. N lat. a4 57, W Ion. 81 52.
Sable, Great and Llulc; two rivers emp-
tying into Lake Champlain from the W
fide. Great Sable R. is not far from the
Saranac, and is fcarcely 60 yards wide.
On this flream are remarkable falls. Tlie
whole defccnt of the water is about 300
feet, in feveral pitche'', the greateft of
which is 40 feet perpendicular. At the
foot of it the water is unfathomable. A
large pine has been fcen, in a frefliet, to
pitch over endwife, and remain feveral
minutes under water. The ftre.im is
confined by high rocks on either fide, a
Iparc of 40 feet ; and the banks at the
falls are at lead as many feet high. In a
frefliet, the flood wood frequently lodges,
and in a few minutes the water riies to
full banks, and then burfts away its ob-
ftruc'ilfons, with a molt tremendous
cra{hii\g.
Sable, an ifland S E of Cape Breton 2>S
leagues. It is narrow, dreary, and barren..
N lat. 44 15, W Ion. 60.
Sable Point, on the W fide of Newfound-
land. N lat. 50 34, W Ion. 57 t,s-
Sables, Riviere aux, runs into the S of
lakf Huron, S. of the higlilands, anu E to
where the waters of that lake deicend in-
to river St. Clair.
Sacatecolula, or Lacateculula, on the W
coaft of Mexico, la miles fropi Limpa P..
There is a burning mountain near the
town of the fame name.
Sac, Grande Riviere dii Cul de, a river of
the illand of St. Domingo, which rifes in
Montagne de la Selle, by two branches ;
takes a femicircular courfe of la leagues,
and runs W into the 4ea, about two
leagues N of Port au Prince.
Sactvillc, a townfliip of Nova Scotia,
Cumberland co. on Chegnedlo Bafnn,
called by the French Beau Dafin, and
SAC
Tintamare, and the N fide of the rivt-r
au Lac.
Saco Falls, fituatcd on Saco river, arc
5 miles from the fca. The river is here
divided by Indian Illand, confiding of
about 30 acrcj of land, and on each fide
of it tumbles over a precipice of rocks,
atid mists with the tide. The profpcdt
from the E fide of the ifland is very fub-
lime and niajcfiic. From the begmning
of the falls, to the ide bcloi\v, the differ-
ence of height is above 40 feet. There
are many corn and faw mills ; on the
falls, and below the illand is a fine bafon,
where vclfcls take in their cargoes. Sal-
mon Falls are 10 miles above this.
Saco River, is one of the three largeft
rivers in this difirift. The principal
part of its waters fall from the White
Mountains. Its courfe, fome difl.incc from
its fource, is S ; it then fuddeiily bcndf.
E, and crofles into Maine, and tii^n
makes a large bend N E and S \V, em-
bracing the fine townfliip of Fiytbur^j.
Its general courfe thence to the Sea ii S
E. Great and l.ittlc Oirapce rivers fall
into it from the W. This river is in\i-
gablc for fliij)* to Saco Falls, .ibiiiit
miles from the fea. Here the river is
broken by Indian Illand, over which is the
pod road. A bridge is thrown over each
of the branches. A number of milKare
erc<SUd here, to whiclilogs are floated
from 40 to 50 niihs above ; and vciTel*
ican come quite to the mills to take in tlie
lumber. Four million feet of pine boards
were annually fawed at thefe mills before
the war. The mouth of this river lies 4
miles E of Cape Porpoife. There is a
bar which will not allow a vefl'cl of above
100 tons burden to pafs, if fully loaded.
Without the bar, and between Fletcher's
Neck and the main land, is a pool, where-
in vefleU of any fize may lie at all ftafons
of the year, :ind take in their lading at
pleafure. On the W fide of the river a
fmall neck of land divides it from the
pool, which might be eafily cut, and fo
fave the hazard of paifing the bar. On
the branches of this river, as well as oil
the main ftream, are a great many mills
and valuable works : 30 miles from the:
fea, a fmall ftream iffiiing from Little OiTa-
pee pond, joins it ; and 20 miles further
up Great Ofi'apee river, from another
pond, fwells the Saco, and impels its
courfe. Proceeding up the Saco, iti
fource is found on the S fide of the White
Mountains, in N. Hampfliire. From thefe
mountains the waters run juto CouDe«5ti-
cut,
M
:»<
il
k
SAG
cut,?aco, and Androfcogjjln riverii. Saco
river mrandrrs tlirougli the ancient In-
dian village of Peckwalket, 60 miles from
tlie fca. In 1775, a nrw river burft into
the Saco, from the White Mountains, and
dill continues to aid Sacn and a branch
ofit, calird Ellis's livcr. A mixture of
iron ore, g:ivc the waters a red colour
for a few days, and the people on the up-
per bsnks had a report, that the river
was bloody, which they confidercd as an
ill omen to the public concerns.
Sacrament, St. the S wefternmofl Portu-
gucfe fettlcment in Brazil, being oppofite
to Buenos Ayres. It is alfo called Sacra'
mcnts Colon::!, and was taken by the Span-
iards in 1762, after a month's ficgc ; but
by the treaty of peace it was reflorcd.
Sncrijicis //land, on the W coaft 6f N.
Mex'cp, is about 3 miles W of Watering
IflanJ, and la miles from Coiula river.
Saddle Biick, an Idand in Hudfon's Bay.
N lat. 67 7, W Ion. 68 13. It lies nearly
due W of Terra Nieva.
Saddle River, a village in Bf rgcn co. N.
Jerfey.
Sadjbury, a townfliip in Cheftcr co.
Pennfylvania, has 9<io inhabitant?.
Sagadahock, a great part of the DiftriA
of Maine was formerly fo called. lii the
grant by king Charles II. to his brother
uic Duke of York, this teriitory was for-
merly defcribcd in the following manner.
«' All that part of the main land of N.
England, beginning at a c^ tain place
called Sc. Crdix, adjoining to New Scot-
land in America, and from thence ex-
tending along the fca ccaft to a certain
place called Pimaquin , or Pcmaquid, and
f o up the river thereof to its furtheft head
as it extends to the northward, and ex-
tending from thence to the river Qutne-
bec, and fo up by the (horteft courle to
the river of Canada northward." This
tradb was called the Duke of York's
Property, and was annexed to the govern-
ment of N. York. At the revolution, in
1688, it reverted to the crown.
Sagamond, a river of the N. W. Territo-
ry, which has a S E courfe, and enters
Illinois river, 30 miles below Demi Quian
river, and 135 from the Mif&lippi. It is
100 yards wide at its mouth, and is navi-
gable for ftnall boats or canoes upwards
of 180 Iniles,
Sagatuck Rher,i. fmall river of Connec-
ticut, which vifcs in Ridgeficld, in Fair-
field CO. pafles through Reading and 'Wef-
ton, and running fouthward, feparati.i
fairficld irom Norwalk, and empties iuto
SAt
a harbour of its own name in Long Ii'lsnd
Sound.
Siiganamim, or Sagana J!,iy, in the .S W
part of Lake Huron, is about 80 miles
in length, and 18 or ao miles broad. A-
round it live the Chippeway Indians.
Siigcndago, a head branch of Hudfon's
river. Its mouth is about }0 milts Wof
Fort Anne.
5i7|;;|T Harhour,Vi poft town and port of
entry in N. York, Suffolk co. at the E
end of Long Idand. It has an cxcellcn!!
harbour, and is finely lituated for trade
and navigation. Before the'revolutionary
war the town was thinly inhabited. Thole
who remained here during the war, fuf-
ftrcd greatly by the ravages of the enemy.
But fincc the peace of 1783, the popula-
tion andbufmcfsof the place have great-
ly incrcafed. It contained in 1797, near-
ly 100 dwelling houfcs, and 150 families;
and a. houfc of worlhip for Congrega-
tionalifts or Prtlbyterians, The whale
fifhery from this harbour produced loco
barrels of oil annually. Its exports in
1794 amounted to the value of 6763 dol-
lars. It is 12 miles N W of Southamp-
tpn, and 107 E of N. York,
Saginaga Lake, in U. Canada, is 14 miles
long ftom £ to W, and lefs t^ai^ 3 miles
wide.
Saguana, a bay in the N E corner of the
Gulf of Mexico, on the coad of Florida,
having numerous ifles on both fides.
Sagiienai, or Sagueny, a large river of
Canada which rifes from Lake St. John,
and after purfuing an eaftcFly courfe
above too piiics, empties through the W
bank of the river St, Lawrence, at the
town and harbour of Tadoflac. It is
about f of a mile wide at its mouth, and
is from 80 to 9P fathonis deep, but higher
up it is wider ; and the narrownei's of
the channel greatly increafe* its rapidity,
though it is navigable for the largefl vef-
fcls %s leagues from its ^outh. The har-
bour, called Poft Tadouflac, affords con-
venient anchorage for 25 fail of fliips of
war^ and is well fecurcd from all winds
and ftorms. It is deep, of a circular form,
and furrounded at a diftance with very
high rocks, except at the entrance. A
fmall ftreara empties into it, fuiiicient to
water a fleet. The country in the vicin-
ity abounds with marble.
Stiguenay River, Little, a. river of Labra-
dor, which runs fouthward, and cmptie*
into the St. Lawrence a fliort way E of
the Seven Ifles, and W of Bafon river. N
lat. JO 18, W Ion. Cj.
SAL
SAL
; lihnd
c S W
o miles
wl. A-
aii».
(.» Wof
port of
the K
:xceUcn«
jr trade
utionary
1. Tholi
var, fuf-
e enemy.
: popiila-
ve greal-
97, near-
families;
:ongrega-
hc whale
iced loco
exports in
6763 dol-
outhamp-
is i4milei
m 3 miles
•ncr of the
af Florida,
fides.
river of
e St. John,
Fit coitrfe
gh theW
ice, at the
Tac. It >«
iouth, and
but higher
ownels of
. rapidity,
largeft vef-
The har-
fTords con-
if fliips of
I all winds
•ular form,
with very
;rancc. A
[ufficient to
the vicin-
ofLabra-
id emptit*
way K pf
I river. N
Sa.l'H
!!.iu'!it^ Ccve, on the S fule of t!ie ifland
of Newfoundland, in the great l>ay whci c-
in is litiiatcd the bay of 'I'repafli. It it 6
miles Nof Cape Pine.
Sail Rock. Sec Ambrop, St.
St, Ann, Cii/ie, on the S fide of the riv»
er St. Lawrence, near its mouth, and on
the Ncoafl of the diftriA of Oafpee, in
L. Canada. N lat. 48 29, W Ion. 63 43.
St, Anne's, a fcttlement on the £ coaft
of Cape Breton I. which has a harbour.
St. Anne't IJlands, 3 idands fttuated in
the bay of St. Louii de Maraguan, on the
coad of Brazil, S. America.
St. Carlos, illes on the N. W. coafl of
America. The largeft of this group is
about a leagues in circumference. Small-
er ifles lie between this and the main.
Lat. 54 48 N, Ion. 136 13 W.
St. Clement, a volcano of S. America,
Lit. 46 S.
St, George, a town in Lincoln co. Maine,
taken from the W part of Cufliing, in-
corporated i8c3,on the £of St. Gcprg(:'9
river.
Saints, 2 i Hands near Guadaloupc.
Sal, Rio Lagra de, or River of the Salt
take, on tlie coaQ of Brazil.
Salt Bay, or Buia Saluda, 30 miles N of
Cape Tontoral on the coafl of Chili. It
has a good fliip road which is much re-
forted to by coafting vefllls, for fait as
well as other produce. Frefli water may
be had near the road.
Salada, an ifland in the W. Indies, wjiofe
N £ poii:it is in lat. 10 59 N, Ion. 64
la W.
Salada, or Salt River, on the coaft of
Peru, is within the harbour of Pinas.
Salagua Port, on the W coaft of N. Mex-
ico, is near the rough head land called
Fan Tiago, and 8 leagues from the Valley
of Colima. Here are a good harbours,
called Las Culletas, or the Creeks, where
many (hips may ride. That to the N W
is very fafe, and land locked Hgainft all
winds, though fmaller than i\\t other.
Between Salugua and the White Rock
(which joins the head land) is the port
of St. Tioga.
Salamanca de Bacalar, a fmall but flour-
ifhing town of Mexico, on the F. flde of
the ifthmus which joins the peninfula of
Yucatan to the continent. It contains
about 119 houfcs, with a bad fort and a
fmall garrifon to prevent contraband
trade. N lat. 17 a, \V Ion. 90 30.
Salamanie Riviere, a river of the Indiana
Territory, which empties into the Wa-
hafli from the N N E, 14 miles below the
river Ecor a Amelicns, and 265 miles
above Tdfl ^u Vincent. It rifts by two
branche«, wliich unite about 35 miles
from its moutli, « hich lies in lat. 41 3 30
N, and Ion. SC) 25 \\\
S.if.'/Tt, a Moravi.in fcttlcment in the
State of Ohio, on Miil'kin);um river. It
was forfaken in 1782, -nd plundered by
the Indians, who were allies of the Brit*
ifli army.
Salem, a Moravian fcltlement on the N
E branch of Munongahtla river ; a m'lU.t
from Gnadentiuttcn, on the oppoftte iidc
of the river, and 78 miles W from Pi«tf»
burg. Congrefs granted 4C00 acres o^
land to the United Brethren, or Moravi*
ans, Sept. 3, 1788, for the purpofo of
propagating the Chriftian religion amoujj
the heathen.
Salem, New, a Moravian fettlement of
Chriftian Indians, on Huron river, and
near Pettquoiting, on the S fide of Lake
Eric. The plantations arc on the VV
bank of the river, and the dwelling houfc s
on the ¥. fide, which is high land. In
June, 1786, thtir new chapel xvas confc-
crated. ,
Salem, a county of N. Jcrfey, bounded
E by Cumberland, W by Delaware river.
It is divided into 9 townfliips ; thole ot%
Delawarp river are generally excellent for
fiaflurc, and have large dairies. Tiie
ar<d affords, beHde, fine banked mead-
ows, which produce flax, Indian corn,
wheat, and other grain ; but the people
are fubjeA to intermittent fevers. Here
the Friends have 4 meeting houfci, the
Frcfbyterians 4, the Epifcopalians 2, the
Anabap^ids 3, and the German Luther-
ans one, It contains 11,371 inhabitants,
of whom 8j are in flavery, Alloway
Creek, in this county, which runs into
the Delaware, is navigable 16 miles for
fliallops, with feveral obftrudions of
draw bridges,
Salert, a port town of N. Jcrfey, and
capital of Salem co. on a branch of Salem
Creek, about 3^ miles from its conflu-
ence with Delaware bay. It contains a
meeting houfe for Baptifls, one for (fa-
kers, and one for Methodifls ; a court
houfc, gaol, and about 100 houfcs, moft
of them built with brick, and many of
them elegant. I'here is a wooden bridge
over the creek, and fo far veflcls of 40
or 50 tons burden can go up. It is ao
miles N Wof Bridgetown, 11 S by W of
Woodflown, and 37 S W by S of Piiila-
delphia.
Sale/ft, a townfliip of Vermont, Orleans
CO. at the S end of Lake Mcmphrema-
gog, hat 16 inhabitants.
St/e»,
■t I, 1; ■
SAL
S At
Haltm, Ni'.v, a towndiip in Rockin^liam
to. N. H;impfl>irc', ii» the S W corntr of
the coiiniy, Hcljoinin^Pbdow, and divid-
rd from Mctliiicii by llic Maflachuletts
line. It was iiiC()r|>()rorcd iit 1750, and
contains IC77 inhabitants.
•S'j/iw, a port of entry and port town of
MaflVchiifcit), and tlic ca^iital tif EIIlx
CO. 4 miles N W of Mtrlilehcad, and 19
N l)y E of Uodon. It is thciccond town
for (izc in llic ComnuinwfrUth, cotitinn-
ing 980 houfcs, and 7457 inliijbitants,
and, except l»lymoi;th,th'.«>ldeft, wan fet-
tled in i6i8, by Covcrnor Endicot, ai\d
was called bv th»: Indians, Nnumteng.
Here arc a foc'u ty or" (fakers, an Epifco-
pal chnrcli, and 5 Cun^jregational locie-
tics. TIic town is iltuated cm a peninfu-
]a, formed by two fnull inlets of the fca,
called North and South rivers. The for-
mer of ihefcpaflcs into Qcvcrly harbour,
and has a draw bridge acrofk it, built ma-
ny years ago at private cxpcnfc. At this
place loinc part of tlic (liipping of the
town is fitted lut ; but the principal hni-
bour and place for bulincfs is on tlie
vther fide of tlie town, at .South riv.er, if
that may properly be called a river which
depends on the flowing of the fca for the
water it contains. So' flioal is this har-
bour, that veflcis which draw more than
10 or 12 feet of water, nxud be laden and
unladen at a diAancc from the wharves
by the aiTiftancc of lighters Notwith-
Aanding this inconvenience, more navi-
gation is owned, and more trade carried
«n in Salem, than in any port in the
Commonwealth, Bofton excepted. Tiie
inhabitants arc richer than in any town
in the U. S. The fiftiery, the trade to
the W. Indies, to Europe, to tlic coad of
Africa, to the E. Indies, and the freighting
bufineis from the foutliern States, are here
ail purfued with energy and fpirit. A
bank was cftabliflied and incorporated
here in 179a, and another in 1803.
The entcrprife of the merchants of this
place is equalled by nothing but their
indefatigable induflry and economy.
This latter virtue forms a diflinguifliing
feature in the charaiSler of the people
of this town. Some perfons of rank,
in former times, having carried it to an
Unbecoming length, gave a charadlcr to
the people in general, of a difgraceful
parfimony. But whether this reproach
was evit juftiy applied in fo extenfive a
meafurc or not, nothing can be more in-
jurious than to continue it at the prefcnt
time ; for it may juflly be faid of the in-
habitants of Salem at this day, that, wJtli
a Lutdablc attention to the acquifition uf
property, they exhibit a public fpirit and
hofpitality, alike honourable to thcm-
filvcs and their country. A general
plaiiinufs and neatnefs in drefs, buildings
and c(]tiip:t^e,and a certain (lillncfs and
gravity of manner, perhaps in fome <lc-
gtte peculiar to cominircial people, dil-
tinguifli thini from the citi/ins of ihr
mctropolin, It is indeed to bt wiflicd
that the fdbtr industry here fo univerfal-
ly praAifed, may betuinc more cxttnfive
thrcugh the Union, and form the na-
tional charatfler of Federal Americans.
A court houfe, built in 1786, at the joint
expcnfe of die county and town, forms a
principal ornament, and is executed in a
ilylc of architcif\urc that would add to
the elegance of any city in the Union.
The fupreme judicial court holds a term
here the fecond Tuefday of Kov. the
courts of coinTiion pleas and fcfTions, the
fecond Tuefday of March and Sept
A manufaiTlory of duck and failcloth was
bitcly inftituted here, and is profetnttd
wiUi much fpirit. The melancholy dclu-
fion of 169a, rcfpetfling witchcraft, origi-
nated in t^iis town, in the family of the
Rev. Mx. Paris, the then miniAcr, and
here was the principal theatre of 'he
bloody bufinefs. At the upper end of the
town, at a place called, from the numher
of executions which took place there,
Gallows Hill, the graves of the unhappy
fufTerers may yet be traced. Though tin;
unfortunate and difgraceful buQncfs was
chiefly tranfadled here, it is well known
that the leading people, both of church
and (late, in the colony, took an atSlivc
part in it. Unjud therefore and highly
abfurd it is to fix a peculiar odium on
the town of Salem for what was the gene-
ral weaknefs or crime of the country.
The town of Salem is conne«fted with
Beverly by F.flex bridge, upwards of 1500
feet in length, ere<5lcd in 1789. It is high
water here, at full and change, 30 minutes
after 11 o'clock. The works for the de-
funce of the harbour confifl of a fort and
citadel. N lat. 44 30, W Ion. 70 50.
3aUm, a townfliip in W. Chefter co. N.
York, bounded £ ' and S by the (late of
Connc(5Vicut, and W by Poundridgc and
Bedford townfliips and Croton river. It
contains 1696 inhabitants.
SaLm, the CO. and port town of Wafli-
ington CO. N. York, bounded W byArgylc
It contains 2861 inhabitants.
SaUm, the name of two townfliips of
Pcunlylvania.
SAL
SAL
It ion of
irit and
1 them-
gcncral
uilUings
iitfs ami
jiTic lie-
ipic, dil-
I of ihr
. wiflifd
nivcrfal-
.xitnfivc
the na-
nericans.
the joint
1, forms a
uttd in a
d add to
e Union.
Is a term
Nov. the
fTioiis, the
,nd Sept.
Iclotli was
)rofc(utid
holy delu-
raft, origi-
ily of the
lifter, and
;re of ^he
end of the
ic number
see there,
, unhappy
hough this
Tintls was
'ell known
of church
an adivc
ind highly
odium on
the gene-
country,
jded with
ds of 1500
It i» high
30 minutes
for the dc-
a fort and
o 50.
fter CO. N.
flate of
Iridgc and
river. It
of WaHi-
|by Argyll'.
(rnfliipsol'
lnlylvaBi;i;
•cnnfvlvania, the one fn I.uzcrne co. the
•thiT in that of Wcftmorcland.
Sjlem, a port town of N. Carolina,
Stokos CO. on the W fide of Wack Crct-k,
which with other llrcamn form* the (Jar-
galis, and cmpticR into Yadkin river. It
contains above 100 houfes, regularly built,
and chiefly occupied by tradel'min. A
pitper mill has been crcAed iicre by the
Moravians which i» very uftful. The
Moravians furmedthis fcttkment in 1766.
It is 16 miles S E of Ararat or Pilot
moimlain, 35 N E liy N of S,ilin)ury, and
531 S W by W of IMiiJadclphia.
S.ilem, the chief town of Surry co. in
.SaiifLury diftritlt, N Carolina.
Scilcm, a CO. in S. Carolina, in Sumpter
dIftricSV, h.iving3i86- white inhabitants,
jud 138J (laves.
SalforJ, Upper and Lorvtr, two town-
flnps in Montgomery coi Pcnnfylvania.
SJgaJo, a river on the S. coaft of Bra-
zil, 13 leagues N E of Rio Lagoa dc Sal,
or Salt Lnkc river. It is navigable only
for fmall boats, but the harbour is very
gi ^d, lying behind the fands.
c lUna, a village at the S K end of Onon-
dago Lake, in N. York, in the co. of O-
Hondago. Here on lands rclervcd by
the ftatc, are Salt fprings, whofe waters
cover feveral acres of ground. The wa-
fer is faid be to lotimcs fulierthan that of
thefea. The fait is made by fimply boiling
the water till the frefli particles are evapo-
rated. The country for a great dift-ince
around, is fupplicd with fait from this
fpring. Its local fituation is unpleafant.
See Onondaga Late. Grerv.
Salinas, on the W fliore of the Gulf of
Mexico, lies N of Panuco river, and near-
ly under the tropic of Cancer. W Ion.
99 30.
Salinas, Cape, on the coaft of Terra Fir-
flia, lies oppofite the N W point of tire
idand of Trinidad, which forms the paf-
fage called the Gulf of Paria ; 30 leagues
S or S by W from Cape Tres Puntas, or
Three Points.
Salinas Gulf, on the W coaft of Mexico,
N W of the iiland of Cano, which is in
lat. 8 40 N.
Salinas, Great, or 5a// Bay, On the COaft
•f Brazil, is S E of Cape Cors. The en-
trance into the harbc r is in lat. 3 40 S,
and N £ from its mouth, lie Salinas Shoals,
or Baxos dc Salina. It is a noted har-
fcour for fliips coming to load fait.
Salinas, a harbour on the coaft of Peru,
ketween Partridge Strand, and Guaco,
which affurdr n9thin£ but ihclter.
SuHnat, n point on the S coaft of th*
ifland of St. Domingo, has to the N N W
the Celebrated b.ty ut Ocoh, which laft i»
18 ItHjiues \V S VV of the city of St. Do-
mingo.
HiJinas Shoals, duc N from the fliore of
the N coHft of Brazil l^ miles, but are
joined to it by a reef of fand i a miles in
length, and about half a mile in breadth ;
and on which no large fliips muft venture.
They lie olFthe harbour of Salinns ; and
ought to be attended to by lliips that
come out to the N E from tiiat harbour.
Saline, a hamlet, commonly called Tl't
Saline, in Louiiiana, fitualed on tiie W
bank of the river Mitliiippi, at tlienunitli
of a crcik, 4 miles below St. Genevieve.
Here all the fait \a made which is ufcd in
the Illinois country, from a fait fpring
which is iU this place. It is near <j milcii
S W by S from Kalkaflcias village.
Sjlines, a bay near the S E point of the
iflaKd of Martiiiico, and wcftward of the
point fo called.
Silifhury, a fertile diftrit^ of N. Caroli-
na, which comprehends the counties of
Rockingham, Guilford, Montg(»mery,
Stokes, .Surry, Iredell, Rowan, Cabarrai,
and Mecklenburg'. It is bounded N by
the ftate of Virginia, and S by the ftatc
of S. Carolina'. Iron ore is found in fev-
eral parts, and works have been erccfltd',
which manufailure pig, bar iron, &c. tn
confiderable amount ; tobacco of gDOit
quality is cultivated here, and the planicis
arc wealthy. It contains 90,376 inhabit-
ants, of whom 13,389 are Haves.
Sali/iury, the capital of the above dll-
tridl, and a poft town, is fituated in Row-
an CO. on the N W fide of Cane Creek,
about 5 miles from its junClion with
Yadkin river. It contains a court hoiift ,
gaol, and about 70 houfes. It is a flour-
illiing place, in the midft of a fine coun-
try, and lies about 2<; miles S of the Mo-
ravian fettknients, 2H W S W of Hali-
fax, 97 W S \V of Hillfborough, 120 VV"
of l-ayetteville, and 4168 WofWafli-
ington. In the neighbourhood of tin"*
place, a fiibterraneous Wall, a great nat-
ural curiolity, has lately been difcovcred.
See If^all, Subterraneous, N lat. 35 47, W
Ion. 80 17.
Salijhury, » townfhip in EfTcx co. Maf-
fachufetts ; is divided into two parillies.
The moft ancient fettlemcnt in this tow^ir,
13 in the lower pariili, at which place the
general court of the former province of
MaiTachufetts Bay was fi)inetimcs held.
The part of the town at prefent nofb
flourifliii'S
m
l-f
ill
•I
IS
SAL
AL
flouitilniii;> i« A point of laud furhicd Ity
ihe \unAiin\ of Mdrrinv.tclc and Puwuw
fivers. Here ii i vill.tge very pluafantly
fttuutcd on the bank of the Mcrrimick,
where, before the revolution war, fltip-
buildinj; wiu carried iiu to a confidcrahlc
extent, which, thoui^ now much decrcaf-
cd.ii (iill not wholly laid afide ; and thi.i,
with iti auxiliary trades uid fome little
navigation, owned and (ittcd here, give
the place a very lively and bufy unpear-
ance. The continental frigate /////',;««,
was built at thi^i place, under the direc-
tion of Mr. Hacket, a very refpcdtablc
n-ival architedt. It it 4 miles northerly
«if Ncwliuryport, and 46 N E of BoDon.
It Will incorporated in 1640, and contains
1 8 ;,f inhabitants. See Poivoiv River.
Stili/iitry, a port town of Vermont, on
Otter Creek, in Addifon eo. Trout Voad,
tit Lnke Dun more, 5 miles lung and %
hrond.is in thix town, tt contains 644 in-
habitants, and 11 15 utiles L by N of Muunt
Independence.
Sali/biry, a confidcradlc a0"ifultt>ral
towuihip in Hillfborough co. N. Hamp-
iliirc. It ii* dtuatcd oil the W Tide of Mer-
rimuck r'ivcr, at the mouth of Blackurater
river, and oppofite to Canterbury ; 10
or 14 miles N of Concord It was incor-
porated in 176S, and contains 1767 inhab-
itants.
Snltjtury,n pod town, the IVlaf lac oi the
tndians,is(hc northwcrternmon townfliip
of Conncdlicut, Litchfield co. having Maf-
fachufetts N, and N. York \V. It has 2266
inhabitants. Here are feveral forges and
iron works and a paper mill. During the
late war feveral pieces of cannon were
cad in this town.
Salijiury, a town of Delaware, Newcaf-
tle CO. on the N fide of Du^^k Creek, on
the S line of the county; g{ miles S E
of Noxtown« and 12 N W of Dover.
Salijhiiry, the name of two townfliips in
Pennfylvania, in Lancafter and North-
ampton counties.
Sali/iury, a pod town of Maryland,
Somerfet ca between the two principal
branches of Wicomico river. It contains
about 45 houfc» and an Epifcopal church,
and carries on a confiderable lumber trade.
It is ( miles S of the Delaware State line,
20 N W of Snow Hill, ij S W of Vienna,
a port of entry, and 163 S by W of Phi-
ladelphia.
Sdlifbiry, a fmall poll town of Virginia,
^(\ miles from Alexandria, and 20 from
Jjjilburg.
HtHJiiiry, an i.lan J at the W end of Hud-
ion'a ^tr.iit>, 1' uf N'iittlii|>liuni IlUial. U
lat. 6.; 2<j, W Ion. 76 4 7.
Huli/h-iry Pun!, foniii thf Nliile ol'tlie
moutii of Miirimmk rivi-r, or Ncwburv
h:\rboijr, in Maflatliufctti. N Idt. 42 41;,
W Ion. 70 54.
S.if/'ttjuit, a liarlxiiir on tl:o W ccuft of
N Mexl "o, will. Ii allords goud anclio.njjc.
N lat. t8 .U- '"^to SciLririi.t.
Salmon Cnvf, iiliiiiil! Ilrcani which rili'i
near a brancii of riHi Creek, and cnurs
Oneida Lake.
S.ilmon Creci, Bit;, IT. Can.ida, runs into
Lake Ontario, between the townlliips of
Cramiihi and Haldimaud.
SalmontFull, the name of Plfcataqu-i riv-
er from its head to thd Lower ralji at
Berwick. See Plfcatuquu Rivtr.
Salman Fulls, in Saco river, on the line
between Maine and N. Hampfliirc, 10
miles above Saco Falls. I'he number of
faw mills on the river has neither dcdroy-
cd nor leflcned the quantity of Salmon in
it. I'he mill dams do not extend acrofi
the river, and there ii a curiofity in fccinj;
the exertion of thcfe fidi in making their
way up the falls; when the fun fliinci
dear in the morning, they are frequently
feen engaged in this enterprife, moving;
from one rock to another, and reding on
each, in fpitc of the catarat^ which op-
pofcs their progrefs, until they have gain-
ed the dill waters above.
Salmon Rivei; a confiderable dream
^vhich running N, lofcs its waters in Lake
Ontario. It is navigable 2 miles, has abun-
dance of fidi, and 15 miles from its mouth
has a perpendicular full of 106 feet.
Salmon Paint, on the ead coad of the i(l-
and of Newfoundland, and N F. of Claunc
Point, which is the north entrance into
Conception Bay.
Saltjleet Tuxunfolp, in the county of Lin-
coln, U. Cdnada, lies W of Griulby, and
fronts Lake Ontario.
Sdt IJland, one of the fmaller Virgin
Ides, and \V of Cooper's Illand. N lat. 11
30, W Ion. 713.
Salt IJland, on the S coad of the ifland of
Jamaica, ofFOld Harbour, and N N E of
Portland Point.
Salt Kay, a fmall ifland in tl^e W. Indies.
N lat. 21 30, W Ion. 71 3.
Salt Pond Bay, on the S coad of the Ifl*
and of Jamaica, eadward of Port Royal
Salt Late, N. York. See OnonJago L.
Salt River, in Kentucky, is formed by
three principal branches, and emptiet
through the S £ bank of the Oliio, by a
mouth 80 yards, according to others, ijo
yards
V'^riU wide
li i.navi){;il
''•l» yi)0(i 1.1
^^^<y are low
iroin it« nil)
level and po
Metwe*!, 3ali
two fpriti^, (
i*ly«fd, i« loi
^ of Pouii (;(
•W* River,
fi'parares the
iwj pajts, a
oc.Mn on |)„ti
'cagutf* iu It;,,
uawjraiiun i,
VllTt'U itl)yv»;
^'Ita, a tit'V
of tllC W4V f>!i
where im'nieui
andartfatten(
Salta,i towf
'nee of Tucui
vador. Jt coj
«mnadcrits,a»i
place of ^reat
"fgequaniities
'alt, meat, tat,
'iw. which ar(
moll parti of l\
66 .30.
AV/.//,, a tow
'urco. now pJv
iW/ Ui Taiv
fource of Uig tc
"»e Mahon?,,.,
Cteti.^ °
, Sili Pdre Cn:
''Qd. falls into (
*^ '"le; 1 4 miles
Salt .Sprint Riv
. •'"•7. "fes near tl
'«y Companvs la
ward into o/ii,, ri
"loufl, of the M'a
H'ecourfe of the
Cave. It runs ah
""les from it« n„
hWh gives name
i ^'ItfVorh, i„B,
If"'- Since the v<
Jin large quantities I
r™". ""Provemei
f the.r prefent flat-
Jfcn|,ed,«Thebot
r/'ey^edonfr.
^•"^•1. X
u
of llie
kvbiiry
Oilft of
[ cniLrt
nv into
,qu-^ rlv-
riilU ;it
the lino
liire, 10
lisnbct of
• Jcftioy-
ialmoii 1"
nd acrof^
in feeiiif;
king tlicir
un fliinct
frequently
e, moving
retting on
which op-
have gain-
le ftream
;r9 in Lake
has abiin-
its mouth
feet.
of the ill-
of Claune
;ranc'e into
Ity of l.in-
liiilby, ami
jler Virgin
N lat. ii
Heiflandof
, N N E of
W. Indies.
of the Id'
W RoyaL
formed by
d emptier
hio, by »
thers, 150
yav
d»
1
SAL
y.uiU wide ; ao uiilci below the Rapid*,
ii i I navi)>:il)li' tor boats abuiic 60 miles. It
li.tD good lundit oil it« head waters, but
liny are low and uuUualthy ; for 25 mile*
troin it« mouth, the land on ca -h ruk- it
level and poor, and abounds with poudn.
Uvtwesu ^alt and Gi eun rivcrh there ui c
twofpring* of bitumen, Which, nlua an-
alyzed, i» found to lie ;>niber.
' ftjlt Khtr, on the N thore of Jamaica 1.
S ot Point Ciiiliiia.
Suit Mlvcr, lUe arm of I he f..'a wliich
ri';>Hratcs the iii:iud of (ju.>dalouiic, into
two p.irt8, and conimwnicircb with jic
ocMu on liotli fides ol ihc illi»»U- it in t\' o
Icaguiiii in lenj^th ; 13 pacei broad. i he
uavigaiion is hazardous, nor will it admit
vtflel* above 15 tons.
S'lta, i\ to'vii ot .S. Anicrica, two thirds
oftlic way frini Hiieii'is Ayris to I'otoli t
where iiiinitule nunilier* of tattu' winici^,
and art faileiicd 1)11 their way to I'otod.
5j//4,a town o! .-1. America,in the prov-»
inCB of 'I'ucum^n, 58 miles ii of St. Sid-
vador. It contains two churchis, four
uiuna(lerits,aiu't about 40c huufcs. It is a
place of }>reat reiorc on account of the
large quaniities of corn, meal, wine, cattle,
fait, meat, fut, hides and other commodi-
ties, which arc feat from tlt»> place to
tnurt parts of Peru. S lat. 25 »o, W lou.
66 30.
SiilUifi, a townfltip of Vermont, W.nd-
for CO. now Plymouth, Which ice.
Salt Li,i Tmvn, lies 18 miles below the
fource of Utg Leaver Crock, and :14 above
the Mahoning town. ^ie* Hig Beavir
Creei. .
Si//i PHrt Cn-l, in Baltimore co. Mar)--
land, falls into (rimpuwder river on the
W fide ; 1 4 miles K N K ot Baltimore.
Suit Spring River, in the Indiana 'I'erri*
lory, rifcs near the E line of the New Jer-
Icy Company's lands, and runsfuuih call-
ward into Ohio river, 10 miles below t^e
niuufli of the M'^abafli, and nearly 30, by
tlic courfe of the rivor, above the Great
Cave. It runs above j6 miles ; and 10
I miles from iti> mouth is the lalt fpring,
which gives name to tlie rivcr.
Salt H^trit, in Barult.ible co. Mafl'aclui-
fttts. Since the year 1776, fait has. bjen
rnade on the coafl of this county, but not
|in large quantities till wuhin a tew years.
Threat improvements have been lately
padein the conftrue\iou ot thei'e. works.
h their prefent ftatc they have been thus
Tiefcribed," The bottom of the vats is con-
^ruAed of boards; and the fides of pl.uik .
[id they reft on frames, which arc lu[ •
'Oul. . Yyy
S .V L
ported by Im ill pi!ei. Thrfe vats are di-
vided into three or four rooms, the ficond
falling three or tour iuches below the
rn'fl,and the third a> much below the (ec-
ond, ;iud lo (III. A pipe, which runs uii-
dt'i jjrourid, and which communicates with
the le.i, eonvrys tlie lalt WHttr into .i will
about four teet deep, (n tli-s well i» fixed
a piiiii]), wlii^'li Is eoiiiu'OK'd, bv moans of
a Ipout, with the linl v.it, called the wa-
ter loom, in t.'iis vat, which is loni>er
th.inanyof the others, nuich tilth i; dc-
potited. After a pioper iinie the water
i» dr.twn oif into tiic let'ond vat, calieil
the pickle r<K)D), in which c.dcareoiii
matter, or lime., is depoliicd. If there aiv
lour vuts, the ttiird is named the lime
room. In thl.i v.a,or in thcfeeond, when
luere are no more than three, a ptllide
of fall bejjini to j^atlier on the i'urlace of
the watei,liine ij plenlil'nlly dcpoU'rd, and
the piclclu ii dr.iwn olF into the hill vat,
called the fait room, in whicli only the
eryflaUare permitted to be lumned The
vats are nine or ten inches deep. In J;-y
weather, during the fummer, with a N
wind, the evaporation is a third ot .ai inch
in a day. 'i'ho fait produced releinbles
Lilbou lalt, but is purer, is flro.ng, and
free from lime. 'I'he mean weij^ht of a
bmliel of it is eiyhty pound.'.. Dunn;.; the
winter the Glauber fait, laid lulipo.an
excellent quality, cryllalizcs. Nogr;at
quantity oi Jtpl'om fait and initgnelu Ii.ih
yet been produced. I'hc Rev. jVlr. Br»t>'^s
ot Cliathitiu, an iududrious and ingenious
chemill, has however fucceedcd in ob-
taining b,)th ; and though his ma^Tinfi.i ik
not pci feclly white, his Epfom fait appears
to be incapable of improvement. The
m.irinc fait is worth fevcnty five cents a
bufliel, and the glauber fait lajcentsa
pound. T.he value of the Epfom fait and
magnefia is notelbmatcd, as the quantity
wiiich may be obtained is unknown ; from
this data, and the following table, the
great importance of this new manufac-
ture to tlie county of Barnlkable will ap-
pear.
A'c. »/ fVorh. No. r>/ Ffit. *
}l:
k' '
In Huct arc
24
containing
19,500
Nobfcudett
23
-
14.300
Yannouih,
4
-
16,630
Darn liable,
14
-
ii."i7
.Sandwich,
4
-
4701
Falmouth,
4
-
1900
Harwich,
ax
-
J 8,600
* By a 'njt is ma:iiit 10 fquari; tVct ; 3C0 facli
tVci ii.o.lnec 101 liulhel'i uVinuriiic l.Jc, ;iud4iiill)».
'^l.'uUi' l'.iik. I'Ci- jniuim.
Chatham.
SAL
(Dtiathani,
Orleans,
Jlaftham,
Wellflcet,
6
II
11
2
■ 4'
11,500
3080
9100
180
Truro,
I
-•
700
Vrovincetov
m, lo
'
11,404
ToUl,
136
121.313
SaluJa, a' rivtfr uf S. Carolina, which
rifct on the borders of N. Carolina, and,
taking a' S '£ coiirfp, joins btoad river at
the towhlTiip of Columbiaj and forms the'
Congaree.
Salut, Art, lies on the S W fidt- of tlie
S peninfula of the tflandofSt.Doniingo ; a«
bout 14 leagues from Les Cayes, as the
road runs, and only 7 in' a ftraight line S
W of that town. N lat. 18 6, W ion. 76 ao.'
Salviidsre, St. a to\vn'in the province of
Tucumun; in S. America, and neat* tlie
burditrs of Peru. It lies at the foot of 3'
high mountain' which forms part of thtf
eaflcrn chain' of the Andes. A little a-
. bovi« the town is a conlideralirfe river,-
which afterwards empties imtw the river
I. eon. (t hiis about 300 houfes, and^ is
ft ? leagues N of .St. Jago del Eftero; ff
lat. 34 22, W Ion. 60 27.
Salvador, St. a fmuQ city of N. Mexicoj
in the provhice of CrUatimala, on a river
1 1 milci from the ocean. It has fcw^
lioufes,and Ittle tnide; On the N lide'
of it, are lofty mountains, t"iUed the Chan-*
talcii, inhabited by poor Indians. In the
bottom, where the town Hands, ar^ plan-
tations of fugar canei and indigo, with a
few farms foe rearing cattle. N lat. xj 5,
W lont 90 3.
S'ahadbrtf St. the capital of Braail, in 3.
America, called alfo the city of the Bay,
is within the' f[kiciou» liay of All Saints,
which is full of fruitful ifles. This city,
which has a n'uV'Ie, fpacious, and commo*
dious iiarhour, is built on a high and fteep
rock, having the lea upuaonc tide, a lake
forming a crelcent on the other. The
ittuatiun makes it in a nvimner impregna-
ble by nature, and it has very ftrong for-
tificationi. It is populous, miagnificent,
and beyond comparifon, the moil gay and
opulent, in all Brazil. 'Vail quantities of
lugar are made in its neighbourhood. S
lat. 13 15, W ion. 37 S5- iJ^e All Saints
•JBay.
HalvaJoife Jt Bayamo, St. a, town of the
ifland of Cuba, on a river wtilch runs in-
to the head of the bay of Bayamo, about
30 miles N W by W of the town.
Salvudurt, St. or CuanaiuHif or Cut //I-
and ; whiiU Ice.
SAM"
Sahafre, a dry rock off Cape Ann, ^r;
the coafl of Mailachufctts. AVhcn it
bears S £ 2 leagues diAant, you have (>
leagues N W to Newburyport bar, and N
^ W II leagues roPortlmouth. N i|ii 8
leagues to Ifle of Shoals.
Salvateon de Yguty, a fmall town in the
illand of St. Diomingo, a8 leagues E of the
city of St. Domingo. It is famous for its
fugrtr works and luturiant pafturcs, in
which vaft number of cattle fedd. It U
alfo called Hi^uey, or Alta Gratia ; which
fefri
Hamana, a large bay at the £ end of the
illaudof St. Demingo. It opens to the N
Ebetvreen Cape' SBmiihaj (which is alio
called Capfe Kefoii-' oi" Cape Grondeur) ua
the N and Cape Raphael S E of the for-
mer, 7 liUgues-aparR lt£ mean breadth
is about 5 leagues^, and its length 10
leagues.' Seme mariners reckon Pointe
d'icaqueior Icaque Point, as the foutherii
point of thebay, %Vhich comes after Ca^ie
Kapha^l, andid onFy 13 leagues from tlic
head of the-bny, and lies in lat. 19 a N,
and loni 71 35 Wp of Paris. This bay of-
fers a ffife flialtop' to the ftouteft fquad-
rtMiK ikying to- the windward of the il!-
attd, it lias ehs advantog« over all the oth-
er pface* as a iftiaritiitae pofl*, which ren*
ders it capable of proted^ing the whole
gulf o£ Miixicb, to wliich it is in reality n
Key.' Tbe entrance Is difficultj and very
Marrow ; becaufe from the foutheru lidi
of it7 openings runs a breaker, which ad-
tenets in a point towards Port Banidcr,
and between whiclv, and the northern
coaflf, nature has placed the rock or 11i.il-
low, cullcdr th* Rebdi., I'his rock nar-
rows thesntr.ince,fo that between it und
the land', forming the Niide, in ihe inte-
rior of t&e bay, there is littre more th?.i:
800 fathomsw Thus a battery on fliorr,
and another on the rock, the Ribelt W()ul<l
by their crofs fire^ completely defend tdc
entrance againft eveo the fmallelt vefil'l>;
and a battery on the other lide of tlir
Rebeli would effeAually prevent any vei-
fel from entering between it and thr
breakers. See Old Capt Francois.
Samba Bay, or Zamba, on the N coall ot
the Spapifli Main, is W of St. Martlia'
river. ' I
SjHiballas, a rocky point remarkabh |
long 4nd low, on the N flde of the M-
mus of Daricn, wliich is fo guarded wil!>
rocks and Ihoals, that it is very dangerous
coming near it. N lat. 9 40, W Ion. 7S
43.
&i«i/«//a{, a multitude of Tmall iilandi,
V ; » fcatterfil
,fcatteced
the flioie,
a confider
iliore of tl
the adjacc
.of perpetu
.J)rolpei5l ft
S^hlc cliai
andi, throu
range the c
between th
gal'lefrom
fords every
fandy grout
file iJlands r
'Hands are i
with a varie
rfieiififl, ofi
afTord fprinj
lent carecnii
Ijetween the
ifthmus ii fix
extending fn
gulf of Darie
Jnus.fulloffa
of water.
Samtorofifrl}^
coaft of Nova
Bay and har
ioufe for the <
30 N, and Ion
full and chano
SiiKi^OKooi/ia,
on the NE fid*
the N. W. c«.if
of Egoofliak 1
i^andlocked fro
fathoms water.
fainjon, &c.
■^amilitam,^ I
Mexico, la mil
"nefidc, and 6
At its mouth i
a fliip's comp:
and frcfli water
Samftojvtt, a '
^- Jcrfey, a,i nv
a»ovci3S\Vo(
SampfoH, a CO
<^aro!ina, bound
^ uy Bladen,
ants, including
'">ufc, where a
"iiles from Ihy
^oads near Dupl
^rom Waflungtoi
Samputa, a towi
ht.
Sadalltt Point,
1
SAN
,featteccd at very unequal diftanccs from
the flioie, and from each other, extending
a confiderablc djflance along the northern
flioru of the Ilthnnis of Darien, i^nd with
the adjacent country, ks hills and foreds
;of perpetual verdure, form a charming
.prolpedl from the ,fea. There arc navi-
galtlc channels between mud of the ill-
ands, tlirough which fliips may paf^, and
range the coad of the idhmus ; the fea
(between {hem and t^.e fliore Ijcing navi-
gahle from one end to the other, and af-
fords every where good anchorage iii firm
fandy ground, with goqd landing cither oji
the illands nr the main. Mod: of thefc
iflandsare low, flat, and fandy, covered
with a variety of trees, and aimund with
ihell fifli of fevcral kinds. Some of them
alTord fprings of frefli water, and conven-
ient careening places. I'^e long ciiannel
between the Sambailas iliands and tlie
ifthmus h from i to 4 miles in breadth,
cxtendiiig from Point Samballas to the
gnlf of Darien and the coaft of the iftlv-
mus, full of fandy bays, witli n\iny (Ireai^is
of water.
SumSortmjrl), Ciifie and TJlivJ, on tlic B.
coaft of Nova .Scotia, and W of.Chebuclo
Bay and harbour, on which is a light
Iiuufe for the diredlion of fliips, iin lat. 44
30 N, and Ion. 6,^ 3 1 W. High uattrr, at
full and change, at 8 o'clock.
Siim^imoodbaf or Samiiaiiooilba, a h irboiir
on the N E fide of Oonahiflika Itland, on
;tlie N. W, coaft of N. America, 10 n^ilcs E
of Egoofliak bay. Ships can lie here
,landlocked from all winds in 7, 6, and 4
fathoms water. It abounds with halli'but,
falmon, &c. N lat. 53 55, W Ion. 166
.10 15.
Samilitam,!i river on the Wcoaft of N.
Mexico, iz miles from Point Artcla on
nnefide, and 6 farther to Copalita river.
At its mouth is an Indian town, where
a fliip's company may find provifions
and frefl» water.
Sampfttvn, a village in Middlcfex en.
N. Jcrfey, a,i miles N E of (^libbletown,
above 13 S VVof Elv.abtthtown.
Sampjfon, a co. of Fayette diftriifl, N.
Carolina, bounded N by Johnfon co. and
^by Bladen. It contains 6719 inhabit-
ants, including 1 71 2 (laves. The court
lioufc, where a pnfl ofllce is kept, is 36
miles from Fayrtteville, 23 from Crofs
Roads near Duplin court, houfe, and 387
from Wafl»ington.
Samputa, a town of Mexico. See An^e-
hi.
Sathallet JPoint, near the motith of the
river Darien, ?nd NW of the Idandof
Pines. It is 1 a miles E of Port Scrivan.
Sanficrnt<nt<n, a townfln'p of N. llamp-
niire,Straflbrd co.on the point of land at
the contiucnce of Winnipifiogee and Pc-
migewafltt rivers. It was incorporated
in 1 770, and contains 4695 inhabitanls.
In this town is tiie appearance ol an In-
dian fortrcfs, conliflinji^of 5 djfliiidt wulb,
one within the oth(^r. Sonic ^irccs of
baked earrhcn ware have bct'ii Uiund
here, from wbich it is fuppoird that \\\i
Indians had Icariud the puttn'r. ait.
Sanealy ,Ht,tJ, the E poini of Nantucket
inand, on the coafi uf Mallacliuictti). N
hit. 41 15, W Ion., 69,58.
Sutii'Jat h.ihiii, or S^irt't Biy, on the
coaft of Brazil, \vhcre the I.\i;d lies duciH
and W for ao Itagges. Mhc .ciiy of
Saints or dosSam5lo5 is'TitiLittd 011 an iri-
and called Amia>:, <ni the AV tide "f the
entrance into the harbour, as alfo liic
tovnofJ^t. VitKLUt. S la^ 14, AV Ion.
.45 IS-
•Sjiidgifte, A .mouniaiiious townfliip x)f
Bennington county Vcrniniit, 18 miles N
of Ikniiingtuu. It contains ip^o inhab-
itants.
Sand Hill /?./••, at the S E end of the iil-
and of St. Chrillupher's.
SiinilisjiiU, a hilly townHiip in Cerk-
fliirt CO. <n» tlie Connt<5Hciit line ; a*
miles S by K ot I.cnox. h .was iucorjio*
ra^ed-in 1762, and contains 1637 inhab-
itant^.
Sandotun, a lownfliip in Rockinpham
CO. N. Hampfhirc, was taken from Kingf-
ton,and incorporated in 1756 ; and con-
tains 501 inhabitants.
Samlitjl-y, a fort inthc ftate of Ohio, on
the fi fide of the bay of the i'amc n4iiic, at
the S VV end of lake Erie.
S.tndujky L,>i(, or ii.iy, at the S W fide
of lake hric, is n gulf llinped like a <lioe,
and entered from the lake by a very thort
and narrow (Irait. Its Irn^.this 17 nnlts,
its greatcft breadth 7 niilcs. From the
N W part of this l;ikt , tltcie is a portigc
<if only a mile and a (lunricr to I'ortage
river, a fmall river w hirh tuns into I.nkc
I\rie. The fort Hands oppolitc to the gut.
N lat. 41 51, W Ion. 8"! 3 y.a.
iy.tndujhy Piver, a navigable water of the
ftate of Ohio wliich riles near a branch
of the Orcat Miami, between whicii is a
portage of 9 riilcs. It pnrfues a N E
courfc, and empties into tlie K W corner
of Sapdulky Lake. 'Vl:c Indians, by the
treaty of Greenville, Angun 3, 1795, have
ceded l^o the United Staters a trft<n: of land
6 mile*
^i4
f;l
SAN
SAN
6 mile* fquarc upon Sandiillcy Lake,
where a fort formerly flood, and two
rnilr* fqiiarc at the Lower Rapids of San-
dulTcy riviT, ft is a coofulerahle river,
with level land on its bank, its ftriam
j»entle all the way to itK month, where it
18 large enongh to receive lloopn.
SaiiJoJiy IJI.inJ, in lake I'lrie, (J. Canada,
li(s a littles U of the liafs illindi, and
nearer to S^tmliilVy Bay.
f!,inJtviih To'.i-fj'/), is the nppcr part
of Detroit river, and comprehends the
old Frenih Jtulti»ieiit«. It ha» a thriv-
ins town of the lame name, a liitic hirlow
the fort of Ditroit, un the K fide of the
river, where a gaul, and court honfe hive
been eret'ted. Srfi\ti>.
Sjidtuich, a townfliip in the nDrthcrn
part of StraiTord co. N. Hanipthire, N of
Winnipilioijee l^ike. It was ine«)rpi(ratid
in I 76,?, and oontainj 141.1 inhabitants.
S,in/iiuiib, MalVachulctts, a poll town at
the bottom of Cape Cod, in Barnft.'Me
to. It extends the whole breadth of the
cape, and •» 18 miles S K of Plymouth,
an<l about 60 miles S of Bofton. There
is a little decent "roup of hnufcs, on the
11 fide ot the cape, and a pretty ftrcam of
water running thr«)ugh it. Incorporated
1639; inhabitants 2024. It is near the
place where the propofed canal it to com-
mence from B.irnftahic to Buzzard's bay.
The Indian town Kitif,iumut, or Katamet,
was fituated on Buzzard's bay \ and Mem-
nainu wa» the name of a place near the
bottom of Buzzard's bay. There is a
place on the fame bay, on Sandwich fide,
called Poli/jt, ulually called by the Indians
I'mii^ijif^Jti. It is the leeond parilli in
Sandwich. There is an Indian territo-
ry, called JLrriHtr fond, in the neighbour-
hood of Sandwich, about 5 miles N VV
from this village, and f<> extending from
thence along fliorc to Monument I'onds,
all included within the towndiip of Ply>
mouth. It contains.about lio fouls, one
half of whom are mixed, The Indian
name of this territory is not known.
Thev appear to have been confidered as
4 di(tint5l tribe, now known by the name
of the Herring Pond Indians.
Saitdivlch /^<7»i,/.(, a group of iflands in
thep. Se^,difcoverid by Capt, Cook, who
gave them the above name in honor of
the Far! of, Sandwich, itndcr whofe ad-
miniftratimi thry were flifl vlfiitd. They
ct>i>rii1 of II illands, extending in lat.
from 18 54 to 22 T.5 N, and 'in Ion. from
150 54 to 140 26 W. They arc called by
tlif na;ivcs ©'vhyiiec", Mowcc, Ranai,
Morotinnec, Tahowrowa, Morotoi, Wao-
hon, Atooi, Nechechow, Orrehona, and
Tahoorat all inhabited, except Mnrotiti
ncc and Tahoora. Belidc thel'c, the u.i-
tivcs (peak of another, lyini; to the W ti
W of 'I'ahoora ; which is low and faiulv,
nnd vilited only for the pnrpofc of caicli-
ing turtle and I'eafowls. As they do imt
know «)f any others, it is ])rob.d)ie tint
none exill in their nti;.',hliourhood. An
account of each inhuhittd ill.ind will \w
found in its proper place. 'I'hc cliniiuc
dillVrs very little fr«)m that of the WXl
India illands in the fame latitude. I'pou
thi.' whole, perhaps, it may be more Urn-
pi-rate ; nor are there any traces of tliofc
violent winds and hurricanes which rcn.
der the Aormy months in the Wtfl Indus
I'o dreadful. Tlicu: is .•ill'o more rain Ht
the S.iudwich lilts, where the mountain^
ous parts being generally enveloped in a
cloud, fncceinvc fliowers fall in the in-
land parts, with fine weather, and aclr.ir
iky, at the iea flrore. Hence it is, that
few of thofc inconveniences to which
many tropical countries arc fubjee'l,
either from heat or m«)iflure, are experi-
enced here. The winds, in the winter
months, arc generally from £ S E to N K.
The tides are very ngtdar, ebbing and
flowing 6 hours each. I'he flood comes
from the caflward ; and it is high water
at the full and change of the moon, 4<i
minutes pad 3. Their greated rife is i
feet 7 inches, and the water it always 4
inches higher when the moon is above
the horizon, than when flic is below it.
'I'he vegetable produdlions arc nearly the
I'amc as at the other illands in this occitii.
The taro root is of a fupcrior quality.
I'he bread fruit trees thrive not in fiidi
abundance as in the rich plains of Ot.i-
hcite, hut produce double the quantity
of fruit. The fugar canes arc of a very
unufual fize, fome of them meafuring it
inches and a quarter in circumference,
and having 14 feet eatable. There is alfo
a root of a brown colour, fliaped like a
yam, and from 6 to 10 pounds in weight,
the juice of which it very I'weet, of a
plcafant tadc, and an cxcel'rnt fubftitute
for fugar. The inhabitants ctc undoiiht-
edly of the fame race that pofletVcs the
illands S of the equator ; ar:d in their
pci funs, language, cnflumsand manners,
apprnacii nearer to the New Zealandcrs
than to their left difiant neighbours
cither, to the Society or Friendly Illand.'.
1 hey arc in general above the middli'
fizc, and well made. They walk very
gracefully,
SAN
SAN
)
Di, Wao«
, the ii:i.
the \V .S
h\ r.iiuly,
of catch-
.V Jo nut
>illllc lIlDt
iiitl. All
kI will lie
c cliniiiie
the Wtii
,le. I'liim
nore tu.i-
;« of lliofi'
I'hich rcti-
I'lfl Indus
)rc ri>in «t
motiutAin-
lopcd in a
in the in-
aiid aclrar
: it is, that
) to which
•c fubjcift,
.arcexpcri-
the winter
S li to N v..
L-bbing and
flood comes
high water
? moon, 45
:fl rife is J
it always 4
on is above
below it.
nearly the
this octirn.
ior quality.
not in fnch
lius of Ota-
lic quantity
•c of a very
leafuring n
cumfercnce,
There is alfo
jicd like »
is in weight,
iweet, of a
nt fuliftitute
re undoiiht-
ioffeflcs the
ar;d in their
id manners,
Zcalanilerj
neighbours,
iidljr IflaiTl-'
the mitWl"'
walk very
gracefully,
graccrully, run nlmhly, nnd arccnpahlc
of bearing very j'rtat Titiguc ; .iltiiough,
upon the whole, the men arp foiufwhat
inferior, in point of ftrcnuth ar.'l ai'livity,
to the Friendly lllandcrs, ^^nd llrj women
Ici'it dtlicjittly fornu-d than t\u,['v of Ota-
lifite. Their ci'implcxion is rarlifr dark-
er than that of the Otahc itans, and thry
are not altogether fo hindfome a pfo^iie.
However, n»any of both fcxit. hive fine
open coimttn;uici-, ; tin- woriicn in par-
ticular have gooti fycs and tix th, with a
rweftuffs and fcnlihility of ludk, th«t
render thtni very cnj»a;,;in,r;. 'I'lieir ha'r
is of a hrownifii Mack ; neither iniiform-
Iv ftiaight, like that of tlic American In-
dians ; nor niiirorinly curling, as amonj^
the ntgroe* of Afiica. There is one pe-
culiar charavflcriilic of this ureat n.ition,
and which is alio prevalent in the Friend-
ly Illandcrs, that even in the handfomcft
faces there is a fullnrfs of the noflril, with-
nut any flatnefs or fprcnding of the nofe.
This may probably be the eflrrt nf their
i : lal mode of I'alutation, which is by
V ifTing the ends of their nofes together,
1 he fame fuperiority thRt is oblcrved a-
mong the higher ranks, through all the
other illands, is found here. The chiefs
are, almoft without exception, pcrfcdtly
well formed ; whereas the lower fort, be-
fide their general inferiority, are fubje«S);
to all the variety of make and figure that
i< fecn in the populace of other countries.
Tattooing the body is muth pradtifed
here. The natives rife with the Sun, ^nd,
after enjoying the cool of the evening,
retire to refl a few hours after funfet.
Their inftruments of war are fpcars, dag-
];ers, clubs and flings. The dagger is a
weapon peculiar to thcmfelves. It is
from I to 2 feet long, made of heavy
black wood refembling ebony, fliarpened
at one or both ends and fecured to the
hand by a firing. Its ufe is to (lab in
clofe fight, and it is well adapted to the
purpofe. They have alfo the knife or
law, with which the New Zealanders cut
up their flaughtercd enemies. For dc-
feafive armour they wear flrong mats,
which ate not eafiiy penetrated with fuch
weapons as their's.
SiinJwIch, or Haivlei River, is % miles
within Chebu<5to Harbour, Nova Sco-
tia.
Sandtoicb, a fmall river at the bottom
of Barndable Bay, Maffachufetts.
Sandy Bay, Little, on lake Ontario, be-
tween Sophiaiburgh and Maryfturgh, U.
Canada, ii fuppUed by the £. Ukc lying
alfobetwrrn tlicfe townflnps.in the cf un.
ty of Prince lidwaril.
f!timty Bay, on lake Ontario, U, Cannd.t,
in thetownfliip ot Amclialhiirgh, lies im.
mediately K of, and clofe to the Kle do
CJninte.
S.imly B>y,at the F. rod of the ifland
of Jamaica ; .S of Mulatto river, and 6
inihs N ot Mauchaneel Harbour.
S,iii,/y B.iy, at the N W extremity of
the lame illand, W of Stoildard U.iy, and
K of (ircen Illand. LUt'r S.imly ll(i\,an
the 8 1'". part of the ill.oul i< about a league
W ol Point Moranl. Samly (liyer lie olF
tli<' entrjinreof Port Royal Harbour.
Sjn.fy Cove, to the N \V round the
point of Cape Ann, MalTachufitts, and
lies betweeu two head lands. N lat. 4Z
45, W Ion. 7030.
6''""/v H.irhour, on the F, fide of the ill.
and of St. I.ncia, near the S Y. point of
the illand, where a Inull river empties in<.
to the ocean.
ijiimly mil, a fmall village in N. York,
in the lownlltip of Kingfbury, two
miles N of Fort Fdward, on a high hill
at the bend of, and overlooking Hudfon'i
river from the V.. Here is a port ollitt,
454 miles from Wafliington.
Siinify Hoot, or Point, it\ the townfliipof
Middleton, N. Jerfey, forms a capacious
harhour, thence and from the inlet pallcs
to N. York, about aj milts diflant. From
Montauk Point, on Long Illand, to the
Hook, is S W by W i W 14 leagues, and
then W by S 22 leagues. The pilots irc
obliged to keep a good and fulliclcnt
whalcboat ready at the Hook. Hi^h
water, at full and change, 37 minutes .if-
ter 6 o'clock. The light houfc, on the N
point of the Hook, lies in lat. .<o .^o N,
and Ion. 74 a W. At the firfl dilcovcry
of America, few or no cod C\(\\ were to he
found S of the banks of Newfoundland,
and Sable Illand. About 30 years ago
they were difcwcrcd off Sandy Hook,
and they have ever fincc become more
plenty on the filliing grounds off the
Nevcrfink, in 6, 7, and 8 fathoms water.
Saitdy IJland, a fmall illand off the W
coaft of the ifland of Antigua, about two
miles from the fliore.
Sandy /'om/, the S caftern extremity of
Barnftable CO. MafTachufctts ; called Point
Care, by Gofnold. The courfc to Nan-
tucket light houfe, is S S W 3 leagues. N
lat. 41 24, W Ion. 6935.
Sandy Point, in the illand of Tobago. N
lat. n 6, Wlon. 60 37.
Sandy Point, the mofl wefterly point of
the
i it
I
SAN
SAN
\
tlie ifland of St. Chridophcr's ; called alfo
Ii:lt!itei Point.
Sjitify Point, near the S E part of the
idand of St. Lucia, and forms the i'outhern
limit of Sandy H.«rl>oiir.
Sjtr/y Point, near the S E point of the
irtiitul or Antigua, on the larboard fide of
I lie opening into WillovijjUby Bar.
Sim/y P»inf,t\\e N E point of N'antuck-
< t lllaad, on the coud of Mafl'achu^ctts.
N Int. 4L 13, W Ion. 70.
f)nnJy Point, a town of the Wand of St.
Cliriltopher's, on the S W fide of thi- ill-
and, in St Anne's parilh, and in FIj; tree
Bay. It is a port «)f entry, and in defend-
ed by Charles I'ort, and JJrimftone Jiill,
botli near the town.
S.tnJy Piver, See Big S^iniiy .River.
SmJj River, MiinS, rifts in Cumber-
land CO. confifts of many fmall branches ;
runs a N E courfc, and tmptie«*nto Ktn-
nebeck river, at the N W cwrner of the
townlliipof Starks.
Sandy Rivar Old Towm. See THcfimh,
HanJyfoH, a townflup of ^. Jerfpy, Snf-
fex CO. on Delaware river, at tlie foot of
the Blue Mountain*, about 11: miles uiiove
Walpack, and abont as far N W of New-
ton. It contains 519 inliabitants.
Hanfnrd, a port toWit in York co. Mairxe,
bounded SE by Wells and SWby Berwick
and Lebanon in the famceounty. Moiif-
«m River pafles tlirough Sandford and
Creal Works, which is a north eaflerly
hranch of Pifcatnqua, lias its fource here
•and pafles into Berwick. It lias 1363
Tniiabitants.
Hunford, atownffiipof N. York, Dutch-
es CO. has 234<) inhabitants.
Sitnjrallan, or Gallam Cafe, called Cargal'
Ijn by the Britifli feamcn ^ i$on tlie coaft
of Peru, N N W of the ifland of Labos,
and 3 miles N W of Carette IHand. On
the S hde of the cape is a very good har-
bour, riuch frequented by the coafting
fliips from Panama and Lima. O^ this
cape it is very biuncring and Jllorin.y.
Hangasy or St. Duftt Cretli, a fmaH
ftream in U. Canada, emptying itfelf into
lake Eric, ea(t of Sangas point ; it aflfords
a harbour for boats, having about 3 feet
of water on its bar. Smyth.
Sangat Ptint, or St, DuJi'tfoiHt, on theN
fliorc of lake Erie, E of the river Wave-
ncy ; U. Canada ; is the mod proje<ft-
ing point between the mouth of the Oufe,
and the north Foreland. Smytb.
Sangerfeld^ a poft town of N. York, Chtf-
«ingoco.\vluch contains Ii44inhnbitant3.
Saiigiiay, a famous mountain in the eaft- |
j cm chain of the Andes, in the jurifdi.clio^
of Macas. proN'ince of (juito. It is of ^
prodigious height, and the greatcft part of
the wJiolc fiirface covered with fnow.
From its fumniit i/Tucs a continuiil fire,
and the explolions are fomctimcs hoard
at Quito, though 1 3J miles dillant. 'llit
country adjacent to this volcano, is totally
barr#n,occaru)ned by tlie enorniou!i«iu,i;i-
tity of Jflono! and cinders ejcifled from t!ic
mountain.
SiiH yuan -de Ids Lanru, a town of 4S. Amer-
ica, at the foot of the mountains of Pop-
ayan, wJiich is vwatcred by a head brancii
of Oi uaoko river.
Sanpini Creek, See Trenton, N. Jcrfcv.
Han Miguel de Jharra, a jurildiction iif
Peru, province of Quito, containing lit
pariflics. MoA of tlie farms liave planta-
tions of fugar canes and cotton. The
farnn iituatcd in a >varnicr part of tlit
jurifdidlion are fown with maize, v heat
and barley. Here are alfo great num-
bers of goats, isut not jnany flieep. The
Indians herjs weave a co.nli.dcrabie quanti-
ty of cloth and cotton. 'I he mines oi
fait hcr,e have fome mixture of nitre,
which renders it not fo proper for faltinjf
meat j and accordingly that inade at Guy-
aquil is preferred, tbougli dearer. Near
the vil];ige of Mira, are great numbers of
wild afl'es, which incrcafc very faft, and
are not ealiiy caught. They have all the
fwiftnefs of horfes, and afcend and dc-
fcend lulls and mountains with eafe. But
tlie moft remarkable circumAance related
of thefe ani;n;a!s is, that as foon as they
have carried ily; firft load, their celerity
^wl dangerous ferocity leave them, and
they foon contraA the ftupid look and
dullnefs pecul^r to all the afiinine fpcr
cies.
San Miguel de liarrd, the capital of the
above jurifdi(Stion. It Aand; on a large-
plain between two rivers. The parifli
church is a large and elegant flru<il«ire,
and ;ivcU ornamented. It contains 3
coinyentK, a coUege, a nunnery, and about
I2,ORO li^uls. N lat. o «5, W Ion. 76 20.
Sanfonate Port, or Saxfonette, on the U'
fide of N. Mexico, 21 miles from the riv-
er Maticaloc. Point Remcdios is tht
fouthern opening of the port.
Santd, a rapid river, flowing through ::
valley of the fame name in Peru, about
230 miles N of Lima. It is near a quar-
ter of a league broad at the place where it
is ufually forded, which is liear the town
of the fame name, forming 5 principal
ftrcams, which run during the whole ye :ir
witli
Urith grca
curroiit, e
has been 1
in an hou:
Santa, a
the river (
from Paita
N of that I
mulattoes,
W Ion. 7 9 _
fea coaft, f
diftant, an
heing pilhi
was abandi
Santa Bt
tndofthe
harbour in
have a tow;
Santa CL
aquil,on th
From this
wefternmo(
Santa Cru
Indies. .Set
Santa Cri.
ifland of Cu
the bottom
miles E of tl
W Ion. 8r 5,
Santa Cru:
lying in the
W of Lima,
ifland of Ar
dana in iji
1 767. and b
It IS rcckone
<ircumf«onc
cruelties we
friendly and
dana'snien, 1
twoofh^spr
«d, and ariotl
tivcs of this
negroes of A
ftained with <
ces and bodie
covering is a
ornaments, at
like thofe of
Aupal. The
populous, aboi
.7 fpecres of b:i
almonds, nut^
fugar canes, gi
gede, fowls, {
«lovc», herons
"«yof other
STctt pIcntT a;
SAN
SAl^
irith grcnt rapidity,
current, even when
The ve!ocity of the
the waters are low,
has been found to l)c a league and an half
in an hour.
Siintj, a town of Peru, on the bahk4 of
the river of the fame n.lme on the road
from Paita to J.Ima, and abtuu 230 miles
N of that city, it is inhithtted by Indians,
mulattoes, and meftizoeF. S lat. 857 36,
W lon.79 30. It was originally built on the
ffla coaft, from which it is now \ a league
diftant, ami was large and populons, but
being pillaged by the Englilli in 1685, it
was abandoned.
Santa Btrbtiry, on the S fidc of the E
end of the iHand of Curacoa, is the beft
harbour in the iiland, where the Dutch
have a town and fort.
SauU CLra, an Iiland in thi- bay of Ouy-
aquil.on fhe N part of the coallof Peru.
From this ifland to Punto Arena, the
weflernmoft point of Puna Ifland, is 7
lca<,'uej E N E. S lat. 3 30, W Ion.
80 3«.
Santa Cruz, a Danilli Ifland in the W.
Indies. Sec Croix, St.
S'iinta CruZf a conlldcrablc town in the
ifland uf Cuba, having a good harbour at
the bottom of the bay of Matanzas, 63
miles E of the Havaniiah. N lat. 23 11,
W Ion. 815. ■
Santa Cruz, or St. Crcix, a large ifland
lying in the PacHic Ocean, i8jo leagues
W of Lima, in S lat. 10 15, S E of the
ifland of Arf.icides, difcovered by Men-
daoa in IJ95, and fince by Cirteret in
1767, and by him called I'mnont Ifland.
It is reckoned to be 90 (*r 100 leagues ia
circumfcfcnce. Great juid unprovoked
cruelties were conimicted upon' thel'e
friendly and itofpitable Ulanders by Men-
dana'» itieb, for which Mcndana caufcd
two of hf$ principal ofilcers to be behead-
ed, and another to be hanged. The na-
tives of this iiland are at black as the
negroes of Africa, their hair woolly, and
Rained With dilTerent colours. Their fa-
ces and bodies are tattooed. Their only
covering is a leaf of a ceuain tree, their
ornaments, arms, and boats, arc pot un-
like th'ifi; of the inhabitants of Ttsrra
Auflral. The country is fertile and very
populoui, abounding in eatable roots, 6 or
.7 fpecies Of bananas, plenty of cocoa trees,
almonds, nuts, chcihuts, a fort of apple,
fugar canes, ginger, breadfruit, &r. Hogs,
geefe, fowls, partridges, ring and turtle
doves, herons, fwa|low>, and .a great va-
riety of other birds ; and on the coafl a
greit plenty and variety of fiflx. There
are hero no noxious infetJls, whicli are^
comm(m in other iflands of the torrid
Zone. In a word, the Iflahd of Santa Cruz,
and others of the fame i;roup, offer the
mod valuable rclburces to navigators who
traverle the CJrfut Pacific Ocean, S of
the line;
Santa Cru* £; la Sien'tt, a large jurifdic-
tion- in the' kinj'islom of Peru, l)ut thinly
inhabited by Spaniards. The niillicns oV
Paraguay ar« intWs jurifcIit'Viwn.
Sarit.t CritT. Je la •f?;V/r</, the capital of tllC
.•»boV(? jurildiiaion, iTtu4tpd at the fool of
a mountain, on the banks of the fniall
river Guapay, about 56 miles NE of !,:•.
Plata, aiul noar the borders of P.uaguav,
It is thinly iiihabitctf ; the houl'es are of
ftonc, thatdied with palm le.ivcs. The
valley, in which the city (lands, produces
all kinds of grain and fruits, and the wood')
and uncultivated mountainf; afford grc.it
quantities of honey and wax. !j lat. ly
25, W h)n. 6» 30.
Saata Fe, a town of New Mexico, in ^?.
America on the Ri» Uravu. N lat. 2,s ^i">
W Ion. 1O6 35.
Santa Fc Hay, on tl'C N eoad of ir:.
America, VV of Comana Gulf.
Santa Pe A 8at;r>ta, the capital of ihr
province of Vev Oranada, in S. America,
iii the fee of aa archbitbop, and the feat
ofarruniverlity. Neiir to the city is fli*-
lake Ouatavita, (qion. the banks of whicli
the favagcs formerly lacriliced to ihcit
idols; to whom they olI«red much gold,
and other tilings of great value. N lat. -^
58, \V Ion. 73 5.
Santa Ijlund, or Holy IJlaiuf, on the coafl
of Peru, is oppofite to the port of Fcroi
It is 3 miles from the port and city of
Santa, and as far from Ferol, which is eaft-
ward of it.
Santa Maria, a river of the Ifthmus of
Darieu, navigable 8 or 9 leagues, and fo
far the tide flows ; but above that its twa
branches will only admit canoes. It emp-
ties into the Gulf of St. Michael in the
Pacific Ocean. The town of its name is
about 6 leagues from its mouth ; and ■!«
conliderable on account of the gold mines
in its neighbourhood, which are worked
to great advantage, but the country about
it is low, woody, and very unhealthy. N
lat. 7 30, W loiu 8a ao.
Santa, i*«rf,on the coafl of Peru, is N E
of .Santa Ifland, in the mouth of a river of
the fame name.
Santa Martha, a province of Terra Fir .•
ma, .S. America, bounded £ by Rio de ta
Ha:ha, anA W by e»rtl»»g,ena.
Sat^a
%
SAN
SAP
Sa'iia AIurtija,t\ie capital of tlic above
pruvincc, and the fee of a hilliop, wus
formerly very populous, but is now much
decayed, occafioued by the Spauiili ilects
not touching there, as fonnerly. There
are large fait ponds 4 miles from the town,
from which good fait is extradtcd aud lent
to the neighbouring provinces. It Hands
ne:»r the fea, at the foot of a prodijjious
mountain, whofe fummit is generally hid
in the clouds ; but in clear weather, when
the top appears, it is covered with fnow.
In fome places in the vicinity are gold
xniues, and in others precious Hones of
great Value.
Santm, a navigable river of S. Carolina,
the largeft and k;ugefl in that State. It
cinptic-i into the ocean \\\ 4 mouths, a
little S of Georgetown, about no miles in
adireclline from its mouth, u brandies
into the Congarte andAV'ateree j the lat-
ter, or northern branci), pailcs tlie Cata-
l)aw nation of Indians, anU bears the name
of Catabaw river, from this futtlemcnt to
its fources.
Santo Efhiritu, a captainfltip of Brazil,
bounded N by the captainllip of Seguro,
and S by that of, Rio Janeirti, from wliich
laltthe river Paraybo feparates it, and
after a long courfe from W to E, empties
into the ocean, in lat. at 30 S. This
government is the moH fertile, and bed
furnillied with all forts of provifions of
any in Brazil ; having alfo an incredible
quantity of fifh and game. Its low lands
being interfcdlcd by a great number of
rivers, are very fruitful; and the high
grounds are covered with fortfts of large
trees. Here are three rivers in Brazil,
called Parayba, or Paraiba, viz. one
which gives its name to a captainfliip al-
ready defcribed; the fccond is that
abovementioned, aud the third empties
into the ocean between Cape St. Vincent,
and Rio de la Plata.
Santo Efperitu^ the capital of the above
captfiinfliip, and indeed the only town in
it, is lUuated on the S fide of a large bay
on the oadcrn coall of Brazil, about 9
miles from the fea. It hat a caAlc in ruins,
but no fortifications, and contains about
900 inhabitants. Here are two monaf-
terics aud a college. The port is a
I'inall bay, opening to the £, interfeiSted
with many fmall iflands. On the top
of a mountain, at fomc diftance from the
town, is a large white towt r, called, by
the Portuguefe, Noftra Senhora de Pena,
and near it a finali church, furrounded
with a wall. At the foot of the moun*
tain, arc Hill to be fccn the melancholy
remains of a place once called Villa Veja,
or the Old City. S lat. 20 36, W Ion. .39 56.
5j///</j, atown in the captainfliip ot St.
Vincent, in Brazil, featcd on a river <;
miles from the lea, which is there a mile
broad, and live fathoms deep. It is
defended by a rampart on the fide next
the river. It is alio guarded by two cal-
tle3,oneon the S fide, and the other in
the middle of the town, which coutuia>
ajo inhabitants. It hits a parifli church,
a monallery, and a college. S lat. 24 26,
W Ion. 42 30.
Haciij, or Saone, a fmall ifland near the
S £ part of the illand of St. Domingo. It k
about 8 leagues from E to W, and 2 from
N to S. Its circumference is nearly 25
leagues. It lies E of St. Catherine Ill-
and ; and at each of iis extremities, E
and \V is a mountain, and there is a third
at a point about the middle of the ioutli-
crn fide. 'i'hcfe mountains at once ilivl-
ter and water it, aud temper the air.
The Indians called thij illand AJuwuuoy,
and had a particular cacique, who wa»
i'ovcreign of the illand, independent of
thofe of. St. Domingo. His lubje«fls de-
voted themfelves to commerce with the
Spaniards, to agriculture, to cultivation of
grain and fruits. Tluy furnilhed enough
tor the confumption of the city of St. Do-
mingo, and for provilioning feveral expe-
ditions, going from that port. Some
Cadihans having caufid the cacique to
be eaten by a dog, this adt of cruelty be-
came the caui'e of a quarrel, and the Spnn-
iards having exterminated the unfortu-
nate inhabitants, formed fettlements on
their little illand. It is furrounded with
banks and breakers, except at the weftern
part J but there is a pallage for fmall
barks, between its N fide, and the main of
the ifland of St. Domingo. 'I'he illand
and its port are a Iheller for the mariners
failing in this part who here find water,
wood, and wild cattle, all which are iu
abundance. It is impoflible to have an
idea of the vail quantities of birds, and
particularly of wood, pigeons, that are
I'een here. The caftcrn point of the
ifland lies in lat. 18 9 N, and Ion. 71 11
W of Paris.
Sofia St. Michael (fe, a village in the val-
ley of Arica, in the province of Charcos,
in Peru. It is a fmall place, but faniouii
for the quantity of Guinea pepper pro-
duced in its vicinity. It will not thrive
in mountainous parts, but is cultivated in
the vallits. The inhabitants oi this viU
In.se
J
SAR
S AS
incholy
a Vfja,
»• V) 56.
p of St.
river y
c a milt:
It ii
ide licit
two cul-
Jther in
coiiliiiui
church,
.t. 24 a6,
near the
iigo. It is
d 'Z from
early 15
jriiie 111-
nities, ii
is a third
le ioutli-
>nce ilitl-
the air.
AJuuiunoy,
who was
indent of
bjefts de-
with the
tivation of
cd enough
of St. Do-
eral expc-
■t. Some
lacii^ue to
uelty bc-
the Sp?.n-
unfortu-
iments on
ided with
le wcftern
|for linall
[le main ot
he iiland
_ mariners
find water,
jich are in
to have an
lirds, and
that are
It of. the
[on. 71 ^^
lin the val-
If CharcDS,
lut famous
jpcr pro-
fnot thrive
[tivated in
af this viU
■ lage
\kgt fell annually no lefs than 80,000
crowns worthofit. Slat. 1730 W Ion 78 10.
Stij>elo,& village of Georgia, Liberty co.
oppofite tothc lb\ind and iiland of that
name, 6 miles S of Sunbruy.
Saponies, Indians wiu) inhabit on a N
branch ttf Sul'ijuchannah river. Warriors
30. See Mnitfjys.
Sutiimachn, a river in Snrrinaitt,
iSrtri7/rcf, a river of N '^ork, which rifcs
from feveral In. >el;i' long tlie moun-
tains W of .' . Chaw I, and after a
N E conrl'c ot yo miles, ....ters the Lake
.It Plattfburgh It has feveral rapids
round wliich are carryingp.iths;ii abounds
with various fpecies of filb.
Sar<ito^a, a county of the State of N.
York, bounded E and N by Hudlbn riv-
er, which I'cparates it from Ilcnfl'etHef and
WalLingron counties, and S by Mohawk
river. It has been eftabiillicd lince 1790,
and it divided into 8 townfliips, viz.
Greenfield, Ballftown, Charlton, Half
Muon, Milton, Saratoga, Galway,andStill-
water, [See Stillwater^ and contains 6889
inhabitants.
Siinitaga, or Saraaltogay a townfllip ift
the above co. on the W fide of Hudfou R.
36 miles N of Albany. It contains 2411
inhabitants. It will ever be renowned in
hirtopyras the place where the Britifli
General Burgoyne, furrendercd his whole
army to Gener'al Gates, 0&.. 17th, 1777,
an event which greatly contributed to a
favourable iflue of the war. This town is
alfo famous for its medicinal waters, called
the Sjratofra Sprinj^s. .They are 10 miles
from Ballilo'wn, in a fliallow vale or marfli,
in feveral refpedls rcfembling that of
Ballftown. Tliefe waters appear to have
received ftronger impregnation of the fame
kind of ingredients tliat enter thofe of
Ballftown, and may be a ftream of the
fame fountain running through the fame
kind of calcareous earth. One of thele
fprings is covered over by a natural cre-
tacious, or rather calcareous pyramid,
about five or fix feet high. This hollow
pyramid, or cone, has a hole in the top
about fix inches over. If we look into
this hole we fee the mineral water boil-
ing vehemently like a pot over the fire ;
the water is neverthelcfs intenfely cold,
andisfaidto be, in every rcfpecl, fmart-
er than that at; Ballftown. The calcare-
ous matter extends for feveral rods from
the bafis of this pyramid. Dr. Seaman of
N. York, examined thefe waters in 1795.
His experiment* lliew that each quart
contains about 40 cubic inches of crcta-
VoL. I. /, z K
clous acid ; 5 2 grains mineral alkali {
346 common marine fait ; 38 xrated
lime ; i 7 xrated iron ; and a fulphureous
impregnation. He believes the water
ui'cful in (lone and gravelly complaints,
chronic rheumatifins,difpcpfia, and fome
other long ftanding^ complaints of debility,
and likewife in old phagedenic ulcerii and
fcOrlnltic afFcdtions, alfo dyferitery, all
cutaneous eruptions, and probably may
be uf< fi'l in fc-ophula. He doubts their
beitij_ ■'! .' in hypochondriafis and other
nervoub affetSlions, alfo in confumptions, '
as fixed air, which is the predominant
agent in the operation of thefe waters,
has been found prejudicial in phthifical
complaints. The foregoing experiments
were made before the Cungrtfi Springs
were difcovered. Probably thefe fprJTigs
contain fome new ingredients, as they are
found rcftorative in cafes of afthma and '
phthific. Some chryftals have been
found at this place, fpecimens of which
have been depolited in the Mufeiim of
Yale College.
SarJj,a Cape ori the coaft of N. Spain,
and in the N. Sea.
SjiccIo, the chief town of Duplin co.
N. Carolina, on the N E branch oi Cape
Fear river, which afTordk water for rafts
to the town. It contains a court houfe,
gaol, and about 20 houlls. It is 130 mik»
above Wilminfxton, N.
Sarena, on the coaft of Chili, in S. Amer-
ica, S hit. 39 40, W Ion. 71 15.
Sarinbaym, a river on the S E coaft of
Brazil; and oppofite the ithind of Alexo>
which is W of Cape St. Augufline.
Siirmiento, JJIands, Pedro di, in the Soutlx
Pacific Ocean, are thought to be the fame
as the Duh nf Tori's IJlands, northward of
the W end of the ftraits of Magellan.
They lie in about lat. 50 S, and are abuiut
80 in number.
Sarenilla, or Serranella, fhoals off the ifl-
and of Jamaica, 25 leagues W of Pedro
Shoals, and 37 W of Portland Point.
The middle of thern lie in lat. 16 lo N,
and Ion. 80 45 W.
Siirtiiie Jjks, a name givento feveral cluf-
tors of ides on the N. W. coaft of N. Amer-
ica, S ot Cape Hedtor. They produce
neither tree nor fhrub.
SaJJuitJji'wme, a river of N. America
which rifcs above lat 54 N, Ion. 1 141^ W,
paliinj^ through Mud lake and Cedar Like,
is navigable nearly to its fource, and emp-
ties its waters into Winipie lake. A few
miles from the lake it has rapids for three
miles, where it is sibout a mile wide. The
5 bank
Smm
i M
1 £1
il
■ \ M
SAU
SAV
Sfaznlcisofrockmore than j j feet high.
At the foot of the foils is an excellent
(Vnrgeon fiihery. On this river the Eng-
lifli have 5 faoories for trading with the
natives. Among thefe are the Nepawi,
Knifteneaux, Stone Indians, Affiniboins,
and fome others. See H^inipes ''te-
.Safa/rai,^ fmall navigable river of Ma-
ryland, which rifes in Delaware State,
and runs weftward into Chefapeak Bay.
It feparates Kent co. from that of Cecil,
and has the towns of Fredericleftdwn,
Georgetown, and Saflafras on its banks.
SatiUa, Great and LiHie, two rivers of
Georgia, which fall into the ocean, in
Camden eo. between the> Alatanu^ and
St. Mary's rivers.
Saueoit, Upper and 'Lnveft townfiiips in
Northampton co. Ptennfylvania.
Sauiiej, or Sdiiies, an Indian tribe refid-
ingat Bay Puan.in the'N.' W. Territory,
near the Minomanies.
Saunders Ifland, in the S. Atlantic osean,-
one of the fmall iflands which furround
the Faulkland Ifles.
Saundert IJland, in SoiKh Georgia, in the
.S, Atlantic Ocean. S lat. ST 5% W Ion.
a6 54-
Saundert IJland^ call' jy the natives'
Tapoamanao, in the S. ciilc Ocean, is
reckoned one of the Sociecy Iflands. When
Port Royal Bay at Otaheite is S 70 45 E,
didant 01 miles, this illand bears S S W,
Slat. 17 28, W Ion. 151 4. It is about
two leagues long.,
SaunderfviUe, a- town in Wafliington co.
Georgia.
Saara, L'onoer Tiivn, is -on the S fide of
Din river, N. Carolina. It was former-
ly the chief town of the Saura Indians.
Saura, Upper Town, an ancient and well
peopled town of the Saura Indians in
Stokes CO.- on the S fide of Dan river.
Sattteurs te Marnedes., or Leapert HUl, a"
precipice near the river Sautcurs, at the
Nendofthe iftand ofGrenadsL After
the year i6jo thf-French gradually exter-
minated tb«Charaibe»; neavthisplacethey^-
butchered 40 of them on the fpot ; and
40 others, who had- eftaped the fword,
threw themfelves headlong into the fea
from this precipice, and nriferably perilh-
ed. A beautiful young girl, of zt or 13
years of age, who was taken alive, became
the object of difpute between two of the
French officers, each claiming her as a
lawful prize, when a third of thofe white
favages put an end to the conted, by
{Iiooting the girl through the head.
5<i2/,X«»{-,oppofite the third townflup
on Ihcrivcr St. Lawrence, U. Canada, is the
greateft rapid on this river. The cur-
rent runs with great velocity ; very few
accidents, however, have happened in
palling this rift, there being no fuddeu
fa'' In it, except at the foot of the Saflc
SmytL
Savage, a fmall river of- Maryland,
which runs fouthward through Allegha-
nyco.and empties into the Patowmac W
of George's Creek. Its mouth is 11 milvt
S W of Fort Cumberland, and 48 S E of
the mouth of Cheat river. Boats carry-
ing 10 tons can reach Alexandria in 4 or
5day»,but will takedouUc tlic time to
return. <
Savage Creei, a fifiAlf bay On the N W
coaftof Newfoundlandrnear the weftern
entrance of the- bayx>f Mouco, and 20
leagues N E of Cape Ferrol.
Savage IJland, in the S. Pacific Ocean, is
about 33 miles in circuit, and is inhabited
hy favagcs. It is overrun with buflies,
and has no- jjort.' S lat. 19 4, W ion.
169 30.
Savage IJldndy Great, in Hudfon's Strait?.
N'lat. 6» aj, Wlon. 7a High water, at
full and change, at lo'o'clock.
Savage IJlandfLeiuer, in the fame (traits,
has high water at full and change at 9
o'clock. N lat. 6i 48, W Ion. 66 aa
Savage Point, Upper, on the V fide of
Hudfon's Straits, S £ of Cape Charles,
and helps to form the ifiand of Good
Fortune. •
Savage Sound, a pafiTage in thi N part
of the Welcome Sea, in Hudfon's Bay, in-
to Repulfe Bay. It is but little known.
Savage't Pofl, at the Rocklahding, 10
mil£s below the Falls of Oconee river.
Savannah, a bay at the £ end of the
ifland of Antigua, a little W of Indian
Creek.
Savannah Channel, towards the S E
point of the S fide of the ifland of Jamai-
ca, W of Port Morant Harbour.
Savannah, a port of entry audpoft town
of Georgia, and formtsrly the metropolis
of the (late, in Chatham co. on the S fide
of the river Savannah, on ;a high fandy
bhiff, 17 miles from the ocean. Veflcls
unload a part of their cargo 4 miles be-
low, as there is but 14 feet water in the
river at the town. The town is regular-
ly built, in the form of a parallelogran',
and, including its fuhurhs, contained, in
1787, about a,3CX3 inhabitants, of whom
about 80 or 90 were Jews. About 3C0
houfes were confumed by fire in the fall
of 1 796. The exports for one year, end-
n
la, is the
he cur-
•ry few
ened in
fuddcu
Sa&t.
Smyth.
faryland,
Allegha-
«vmac \V
I a I mill'*
,8 S E of
»t8 carry-
ia in 4 or
fi time to
fame ftraits,
change at 9
, 66 aa
t l> fide of
pe Charles,
id of Good
S A V
ingihe 30th September, 1794, amounted
to the value of 163,830 dollars. This ci-
ty was bravely defended by the Britifh
general Prevoft, againd a I'uperior force,
headed by Count d'Edaingand Gen. Lin-
coln. The allies made a fatal and unfuc-
cefsful attack oQ the i8th of> Otflober,
1779, when they were obliged to retreat,
after having from 1000 to 1100 men
.killed and wounded. It is 119 miles
N by £ of St. Mary's, 13a S W by S from
Augufta, 925 in a like diredkion from
Philadelphia, and 653 from Wafliington.
N lat.'3a 3, W lon^gi 24.
Saviinnab River, divides the ftate^of
Georgia, from that of S. Cakoliaa, and
purfues a courfe nearly from N W to S £.
It is formed chiefly of two branches, the
Tugelo and Keowee, which Ipring from
the mountains, and unite under the name
of Savannah, 15 miles N W of the north-
ern boundary of Wilkes CO. Itis navigable
for large veflcis 1 7 miles up to Savannah,
and for boats of 100 feet keel to Auguda.
After a fall juft above this place, it is palT-
able for boats to the nK>uth «f Tugelo
river. After it takes- the,name of Sa-
vannah, at the confluence of the Tugek>
and Keowee, itr^eceivcs a number of
tributary ftreams, from the >Georgia fide,
the principal of which is Broad rijrer.
Tybec Bar, at the entrance of Savannah
river, has 16 feet water Mt half tide. Ty-
iKe light houfe lies in lat. 34 N, and Ion.
81 10 W, and from thence to Port Royal
is 6 leagues N £ ^ E. The flood in this
river was fo great in Ftob. 1796,. that the
water rofe 35 feet above its ordinary lev-
el, and 9 feet 4 inches higher than was
ever known before. In Augafla, the
Areets were plied by boats which could
carry 15 tons.
Savannah Jiiver, Little, falls into the gutf
of Mexico, N W of St. Jofeph's Bay.
Savannah la Mar, at the E end of the
ifland of St. Domingo,- is a fettlement on
the S fide of the bay of Samana, oppofite
the city of Samana on the Nfide, and lies
between the bay of Pearls, (which is an
excellent port) and the Point of Icaque.
It has its governor and redtnr, and is fit-
uated at the end of a plain, which is more
than 10 leagues from E to W, and 4 wide
from N to S. I'he city of Samana and
this town were both begun in 1756, and
together do not contain more than 500
fouls. The anchorage here is only fit for
fmall veflels. Shallows and breakers ren-
der the navigation very dangerous be-
:tween this and the poiut of icaque, 4^
Jeagues diftant.
SCA
Savannah la Mar, on the 9 fide of Xli*
Ifiand of Jamaica, in Cornwallis county,
has good anchorage tor large veflfcls. It
was almod entirely deftroyed by a dread-
ful hurricane and inundatiom of the fea,
in 1780. It is now partly rebuilt, and
contains from 60 to 70 houfes. It heari
from Bluefield's Point W by N ^ N about
3 leagues. N lat. 18 12, W Ion. 786.
Saverio, a cape or point on the N co.id
of S. America, on that part called the
Spanifh Main. Between it and the itl-
land Barbarata is the opening to the ifland
of Bonaire.
Savilla, St. a fmall town of Georgia, 64
miles. S. of Savannah,, and 6j N of St.
Mary's.
Savoy, a lownfliip in Berkfln're co. Maf-
fachufctts, incorporated in 1 797. Inhab-
itants 430.
Sbuiyer'i Ferry,* fmall port town of N.
V Carolina, 14 miles from NLxontou.
S^wyer*s,Ot ^fftraHores, IJIaml, on the W
coaft of Mexico ; is fniall, and has on its
S E fide a fmall creek of its name, which
boats can only enter at high water. It is
It miles frcnn the Bar of Realejo.
Saxa/)/thatv, the upper part of the N
W branch of Cape Fear river, in N. Car-
olina. It 'is formt'd by Aramanche .and
Deep river's, and it is laid may be made
navigikble Cor boats about 50 miles.
Saxegotha,.,* village in S. Carolina, on
the fouthera bank of Congaree river ;
about48.TiilesNW of Augu(la,in Georgia.
'Saxtans-Rher, in Vermont, empties in-
tathe Conne<Sticut at AVeflminfter.
baybrooi, a. poft town of ConnetSticut,
Middiefcxco. on the W fide of the mouth
of Connecticut river, acrofs which is a
ferry, on the road leading to New Lon-
don. It is 36 milts E of New Haven, i8
rWof New London, and 367 from Walh-
ington. iThis is the moll ancient town
in the -ftate, having been fettled by Mr.
Fenwick in 1634, who gave it its pref-
ent name in honor of Lord Say and Seal
and Lord Brook. It has 3363 inhabitants.
Scarborough, a poft town of Maine, in
Cumberland co. on the fca coifl, between
Pepperclborough and Cape Elizabeth.
It was incorporated in 1658 : contains
2099 inhabitants ; lies 113 miles north-
erly of Bofton, and 600 from Waihingtou.
Scarborough Toivnjhip, noted for its high
banks, is in tlic E riding of the co. of
York, U. Canada, and lies W of the
townfliip of Pickering, fronting lake
Ontario.
Scarlorough Cove, in the harbour of
Chcbii6lo,
M
■4
SCH
^hebuAo, on the fouiliern coaAof Nova
Scotia, it on the middle of tlie W iidc of
Cornw>ilii( inaiul. It in 3 or 6 furlongs
broad, and nearly the fame in depth.
Syarboioiigb, a town and fort in the ifl-
tnd of Ttibago, in tijc W. Indie*.
Hcaroon, Lake, in Wafliingcon co. N. Jer-
sey, has a poA office, and liet 41,1 milts
from Wafliinifton.
Scarflute, a townlhip in SV. Cheftcrco.
N. York, hounded W by Bronx K. and S by
N.Rociielk. It contains 238 inhabitants.
SejtMri,a, fmali uninhabited illand on
the eaflern coafl of Cape Breton. It is
about 6 miles long and % bruud, It icrves
a» a ilictlcr to a bay front the K and 6, call-
ed Men.iduu, or Panadou Bay. N lat.
46 3, W Ion. J5( iS- It wai) formerly
called Little Cape Breton.
Scauyart, a river of N. York, which if-
Aies from the N Ecorner of Seneca Lake,
and feparating the townlhips of Komulu^
and Junius on ihc N| empticg into Cayu-
ga lake.
Scbatecoie, a townfliip of N. York, in
Rennilacr co N of Lanlinburg. It has
3352 inhabitants.
Sebacadcro, a fmall village on the Iflh<
mus of Darieu ; on the E fide of the
tnouth of the river Santa Marie, on a rif-
ing ground, open to the Gulf of St. Mich-
ael. It has a line rivulet of f refli water,
and fcrves as a place of reliclhment to
the miners. The frcfli breezes from ihe
fea render it very healthy. N lat. 7 jo,
Wlon, dij.
Scblcffcr Fort, or Sliijher, in the ftate of
N. York, is on the cattcrn fide of Niagara
river, near the celebrated falls, on the N
bank of a bend of the river, and oppofiie
to the N W end of Navy Illand.
Scbot/ae,z townlliip in RenHelaer cu. N.
York, taken from Renflelaerwick,and in-
- corporatcd in 1795. It is 14 miles S £ of
Albany ; and has 3688 inhabitants.
Sehoenbruim, or the Beautiful Sj ring, one
of the cafternmoH Icttlements of tiic Mo-
ravians on Mufliingum river. See GnaJ-
enhuetttn This iettlement of Chriltiun
Indians was eflabliflied in 1 7 7 z, on a tradl
of land granted by the Delaware tribe.
In 1775, the chapel, wluch could conti.in
joo people, was found too Iniall for the
hearers, who came in great numbers. It
was fitualed about 70 miles from Luke
Erie, and 75 W from Triedenftadt. It had
a good fpring ; a fmali hke ; good
planting grounds ; mueli game ; and ev-
ery other convenience for the fupportof
au Indian colony. It appears that a large
SCH
fortified Indian town formerly flood licrr;
fomc ramparts and the ruiiim-l three In-
dian fortH being Hill vifil)le Hit Dda-
wares yr luted 10 the Cl»riftian IiuIihd^
.ill tile tract irom the entrance 01 Ockcl-
muckpccliui Ilk Creik intii th.. Muimii<
gum, to Tulearawi. i his thriving, iettle-
ment was deflroyed inijSa, when the
Huron Indi.iiiscariiid the inhabitants to
Sandulky ; and when tliefe iie;ictablt In-
dians were jHrniitui,! to return to rt.tp
their harvcft, thty tvtre crutlly huteliertJ
by the Aiiuricau letiiir*, while pr.miiig
Goii and toigiviug their enemies. Con-
grtL.in Stpt. i78>s,f;rrtnttd .loooacro of
l.inu iiere (o the lociety ui the United
Brethren for the purpoJe ol propagatin;;
tilt goijiel
Scoo/jtirii, a CO. if N. York, iakv... from
Albany and Oilego counties, and incoi-
poraled in 179.;. The land is variegatcU
with hilis ; is in general lertile and wtll
watered hy bchoharie, Cobus Kill, and
I'everal other ftreams. The county is
hounded N by Montgomery, S by Ulfter,
£ by Albany, and W by Otftgo. By 11
law pHfled 17th March, 1797, this county
was divided into the Hx following towns,
viz. Schoharie, Middleberg, Blenheim,
Bridul, Cobleikill, and Sharon. It ron-
tains 9808 inhabitants. " Perhaps, (lays
a traveller,) there is not a more aflonilli-
ing iuftanee of petrifae^lion in the wclterii
world, than is to be fecn about half a mile
S £ from the court hoiife in Schoharie
county. It is a hill, wliofc fixe almoft en-
titles it to the appellation of a mountain,
which may be pronounced a mere ni.iis
of petrified ttidh. I went to the top of
the hill which is Ibme thoufand feet
higher than the ground where the court
houfc fiunds, and ex.imincd the rock as
I went no, and then along the top ot the
ridge for one miltv^ The rock is general-
ly covered with a thin foil, but lies hare
at diliercnt intervals, not far diftant from
each other, in its whole extent ; and in
fome places projedls from the ground ten
or twelve feet. Every inch of the rock
exhibits petrified fliells in their perfect
form. In one place I broke ofif a piece
of the rock, in a deep fiflure. 10 feet from
the furface of the rock, and found it to be
of the lame compofition. Wherever the
rock IS cxpofcd to the fun, it refemblcs
brimflone ; where it is hid from the fun, it
is dark, coarfe and rough. It feems to be
compofed wholly of river (liells ; I could
find no oyftcr fhells. There is one thing
particularly worthy of remark. Aithoughit
ii
h a r!dg(
petrified
bly run
which a J
feiilly pel
Schuhat
above CO.
and is om
ing towns
are 1696,
and 40 mi
Scljoburi
of about 't
Mountain
river at
branch of
On tlic E
wftts name
•Sc/h.oJucI
ScoOililt,
Schuyler,
Rome, (tan
nvcr, 7 mil
Sjbuyler,
Mohawk r
eornpaol pa
hove- the ti,
Sihuy!er,.i
•"cr CO. oeti
ada Creek, !
German Fla
ants, ft w,,
Sikuylers
W Of Lake
and 4 or .T b
ScbuyHill,
which rifes I
tains, throug
champaign c
fijurcc upwai
«(ftion, and
Philadelphia,
pofite Mud II
cify. It will
Reading, 8j
when the cai
completed, r
and alfo form
Delaware abo
floating bridge
'og' faftencd
the water, in t
A bridge of thi
en arch reftin^
«Pe<aed will
oftheyear 180.
•tetftreet. It i
and cnterprife
pottom 30 feet
«> Its extreme 1
SCH
RCI
lod hcrr;
thrcL In-
l,c D.la.
)\ Oi-Wcl-
MlllK Mi-
ll^', Ititk-
,llCil ttic
JitiUltS to
;c;il>ic In-
i to ri.n>
|)Uti:lii;i:il
^ ^ji'.iiliiig
ics. Con-
)0 acri.!i of
lie United
rop;ij;aiini;
Lak^.: frcm
and incoi-
varitgatea
e and well
s Kill, and
county '\f<
S liy UKtcr,
It go. By »
this county
wing towns,
, Bttnlicim,
on. It ron-
[rhaps, (lays
[)re aflouilli-
thc wcllcin
half a mil':
Schoharie
;e alinoft tn-
ja mountain,
mere nials
|o the top of
jufand tcti
:re the court
the rock as
top ot the
. is general-
jut lies bare
diftantlVoin
|tnt ; and in
ground ten
ol the lock
iheir perfcA
e off a piece
lo ftet Irom
jundittobc
heicvtr the
[it refemblcs
Hntheiun,it
feems to he
■lis ; I could
is one thing
Althoughit
ii
h a rulgc fo tkv.itrd, tlmt no water of a
pttrifitd quality, or otJicrsvil'c, can polii-
hty run titerc, I faw a bcncli ot moli,
v'hich a gcntlcmnn had found there pcr-
letitiy pe tf ified." liaLitice.
Schobiirie, the principal town in tlie
above CO. ii on Schoharie Creek or river,
and \f> one of the wealtliiell inland faru)'
iug towuD in the Hate. I lie inliabitaiits
are i696,ci)ieny Dutch. It i» between jo
and 40 miles W of Albany.
Schoharie River, runit a nortlierly coiirfc
of about 80 miles trom the Kaats' Kill
Mountain!), and empties into Mohawk
river at lort Hunter. The weflcrn
branch of this river is called Coluis Kill.
On tlic E fide of Cubus is the lettlcmeut
erf its name.
SchoiiJuci. Sec I'reiuhment Bay, and
Scooilici,
Schuyler, Fort, Neiv, in thetownfliip of
Rome, Hands on the W tide of Moliawlc
river, 7 miles W ot Whitcftown.
SJwy.'er, Fort, OtJ, is On the S f.dc of
Mohawk river, 3 miles £ N £ ot the
I'limpaol part of Whiteftown, and io a-
hove the German tlats. See Utica.
SthuyUr,,i townlhipof N. York, Hcrkc-
mer co. Octwcen Mohtnvk river and Can-
ada Creek, 20 miles above the town of
Gtrman Flats. It contains 9^)5 inliabit-
ants. It Was incoriiorated in I7<;z.
Schuyler's Liiic, In N. York, is 10 miles
W of Lake Otltf;<.'. It is 9 miles long,
and 4 or 5 broad.
SchuyUill, A river ol Pennfvlvania,
which lifts N W of the Kittatinny Moun-
tains, through which it pafl'es into a iiiic
champaign country, and rune, from its
fouree upwards of 120 miles in a S E di-
reftion, and pafling through the limits of
Philadelphia, falls into the Delaware, op-
pofite Mud Ifland, 6 or 7 miles below the
city. It will be navigable from above
Reading, 83 or 90 miles to us mouth,
when the canal begun at Norriton is
completed. This will pafs by the falls,
and aire form a communication with the
Delaware above the city. There are 3
floating bridges thrown acrofs it, made of
logs fadened together, and lying upon
the water, in the vicinity of Philadelphia.
A bridge of this river, condOing of a wood-
en arch refting on two Aone piers, it is
expcAcd will be completed in the courfe
ofthcyear 1804. Itisat thcWcndofMar-
ket ftreet. It is a work of great expenfe
and enterprifc. The weftern pier is at
bottom 30 feet broad and 71 feet 6 inches
in its extreme length ; its ends batng fitnt-
ciroular. Tliii nicr is of folid mafonrr,
and has 72.53 loi ■) in its loiiridation, wlmli
is 29 feet btUnv low witcr mark. It was
iiigun on Chridmas day, and in 40 days
from ncccllity ciiiupkttd. Little Smylit/t
/J/i'cr (alls into this river IVoni tlic N, at
Rcaduig. On the Ix.ad watci s of ifchuvl-
kill are quantiiits of (oal.
Stiolo Jiiver, which talis Into the Ohio,
in the (lute of Ohio, is larger than the
Hockhocking,and optns a more cxtenlive
navigation. It is pallablc lor large barg* -
es lor 2CO milts, with a portage of (inly 4
miles to the Sanduiky, a hoatiible water
wliich falls into lake £rie. Throiigh the
Sandiilky and Sriuto lies the molt cuni>
nion pals from Canada to the Ohio and
Mill'ilippi ; one cl the moll cxtenlive and
uieiul couununications to he found in any
country. Prodigious extenfions of tcr-
I itory are here eoniuttid ; and, from the
r:<pidity with which the wtllcrn parts of
Ca>iad;>, Lake Erie, and thu Kentucky
countries are fettling, \\c may anticipate
an iinnienru intcrcourl'e between them.
The flour, corn, flax and hemp, raifed for
exportation in that great country between
the Lakc!t Huron and Ontario,' will find
an outlet through Lake Erie and thele
rivers, or down the Miihlippi. '1 he O-
hio merchant can give a. higher price
til. in thole of Quebec for thefc commod*
itits ; as ihcy niiiy be tranfported froni
the foriiur to Nc.v Orleans and the Weft
Indies, with Idsexjuurcriik andinfurance
than from the latter ; while the expenfe
from the place or growth to the Ohirt
will not be ^ of what it would be to Que-
bec, and much lefs than even to the Onei-
da Lake. The ftream of the i-cioto it
gentle, no where broken by falls. At
loinc places, in the fpring of the year, it
overflows its banks, providing for large
natural rice plantation::. Salt fprings,
coal mines, white and blue clay, and free-
ftone, abound in the country adjoining
this river. Its mouth'is in N lat. 38 40,
W Ion. 83 30 ; about 300 miles below
Pittfburg, and is navigable to its fouree
in canoes.
Scioto, a county in the ftate of Chilli
Scifio, a port town of N. York, Onon-
dago CO. on the E fide of Cayuga Lake,
14 miles S E of Geneva, 39 S W by W
of Onondago,and 448 from Wafliington.
This townfliip was incorporated in 1794,
and comprehends that part of the land*
referved to the Cayuga nation of Indians,
on the £ fide of the Cayuga Lake. The
county courts of Onondago co, arc held
ax
" ■■ ■ I
SCO
SEA
«t Mifiliii' ami fc'cipio altfrnatcly. The
laiidft :ire very tcrtilc. 'I'tie courts arc
4t prcfcitt hi.1'1 in (lie plcafani village
ui .UrBt.i, on tlic l»ank uf Cayuga Lake.
iSf 'lu'i/t, .{ pill) town ol MalLici)ufctts,o>i
ihf li.«y 1)1 tli.ir name, in I'lymoiitli co.
,p milit S K III Uoriiiii. It w.is iiicorpo-
racJiii ii'iHi 'iixt c'liitxins 2738 liiliMh-
jiaiiti. Rcituitc li.irboiir is N W of ;
Marllifidd Point, and S8 £ of the Had- |
dock Rock, nud ahoiit if> milcit north- !
ward ot I'lvmoiith.in the dircrfHonof the •
land* A inili|]oiid in thin town bring fiid-
dcnly drawn otF hy a lirtach in the dain, '
in the winter fcal'on, fonif yearn »<^n, t x-
hibited a mjtter of fpcculation to m.iny
of the inhabitants. Ihc Iwinc uf (he
neighbourhood rooted ii|i itoiifc IwctMows ,
in great quantities, fr(<m the r|>ot wlticit
the water had left, which tlwy ate greed-
ily. Swallows have been found in i'eve-
ral other placcH ; at F.gg Harbour, in N.
Jerfcy, in a marfliy place,. a large cedar
being blown down, a vafl number of ;
fwallowi were found in the mud of tUe
root. I
Scltuate, a towndiip of Rhode Ifland,
Providence co. between Foftcr and John- {
Aon. It cootaini 252.) inhabitants. It is |
a; miles N W of Newport, and 11 S W |
by W of Providence. On the line which
feparates the town from Kent co. on the
S, is the foundcry for cannon and bells,
called the Hope Furnace.
StooJUi, A river of Wafliington co.
Maine. It is properly an arm of the in-
ner bay of PalTamaquodcly. De Mons and
Champlain called it Ftchemins. Its main
fourc^.' is near Pcnobfcot river, to which
the Indians have a communication ; the
carrying place acrofs is but 3 miles.
Scondick lakes lie in a chain between
Scoodick and Penobfcot livers.
Se$fcl> Fluint, a village in EITex co. N.
TerfcyiOn a N £ branch of Rariton river,
between Weftfield and Turky ; 11 miles
V/ of Elizabeth Town, and as far north-
ward of N. Brunfwick.
Scotland, Ntti, a village of N. Carolina,
J^alifax CO. where is a pod office, 396
'milM from Philadelphia, and 250 from
Wafliington.
Sett/and Ntw. See Nova Scoth.
Scotland Rivtr, in the ifland of Barba-
•does, is fcarcely deferving notice, other-
wife than being almod the only rivulet in
.the iflaitd, except St. Jofeph s, another
^mall brook. It rifcs in St. Andrew's par-
4fli, and falls into Long Bay on the £ fide
of the ifland, »1 miles N \V of St. Jofeph'*
river.
Scott, a CO of Kentucky, which containa
^()S'} inhabitants of whom 1787 are flaves.
A fpring of lalt water has lately been dir>
covered inthisco. afterdigging and boring
more than 70 feet. Lefs than aoo gallons
of its water, make a budtel of fait.
S.nh Bay, on the S W.coaA of the illand
of Doaiinica, towards iheS extremity of
the illand. It lies in St. Martin's parilh,
having Scots Mead on the S, and Vaugh-
an's Point on the N.
Scots Cu've,oa thcS W part of Jamaica I.
Scoiijlutrglj, a poll town in Halifax cu.
■Virginia, 256 miles from Wafliington.
Scotuhegan Falls, in Kennebcck river,
Maine, arc near the town of Canaan.
Boat-, cannot pafi this fall.
Srrivan, a good harbour on the E fide of
the Ulhniuit of Daricn, but fo full of rocks
at the entrance, that none can pafs it with
fafcty, but fuch as are acquainted there.
It is 3 leagues W of Sanballet Point, and
X 7 £ of Porto Bello. N lat. 9 40, W lou.
7849-
StrivM, a T«o. in .the lower didridl of
Georgia. It contains 3019 inhabitants, of
whom 766 are flavej.
Sitoon, or Scareon Laie, in N. York, lie;*
W of Lake George, and is a dilatation of
the N branch of Hudfon's R. It is about
IX miles long and i wide. A fmall but
rapid Aream enters into it, vvhich, ip
Montgomery co. runs under a hill, the
bafc of which is 60 or 70 yards diameter,
forming a moA curi<;us and beautiful arch
in the rock, as white as fnow. The fury
of the water and the roughnefs of the
bottom, added to the terrific noife within,
has hitherto prevented any perfon from
pafling through the chafm.
Scrub IJLmd, one of the fmallcr Virgin
Iflands, W of Virgin Gorda, and E of the
N end of Tortola, on which it dependf.
Nlat. 18*5, Wlon.6» J7.
SeuH Camp, a poA town in Surry co. N.
Carolina, 410 miles from Wafliington.
Seabrook, a townfliip of N. Hampfliire,
Rockingham co. on the road from Portf-
mouth to Newburyport ; about 16 miles
S of the former, and 6 northerly of the
latter. It was formerly part of Hampton;
was incorporated in 1768, and contains
6a8 inhabitants.
Seatoitnet Point and Roch, the S extrem-
ity of the eaAern fliore which forms the
entrance of Narraganfet Bay, Rhodi IH-
and ; about 6 miles £ S £ of Newport.
Sial
Meal I
Maine.
Ill and the
to Matir
N lat. 44
.v. ,1/ Hi.
F. to IIu
tics eaAw
Sea Oit,-
America,
N lat. 5,5 1
Sear/iuf^
nin;;ton ci
Sravtiy*^
Seiaco, j{
Mexico, I J
4J N £ of
Sfbacooi,
Maine, 18
e({ual in exi
i» conneftci
W by Sung
txtent of t
N W and S
Sebar/'nta^
«f Oronoco
iliips.
Stba/t-odtag
SekiflacooJ^
in lakes nea
in its windin
flreams, and
connctFall,\
•ft 1754. Tl
Weflcrn, wh
numerous Ar
M alewives, i
Sebaftian, (
the Gulf of J
Spanifli Mai
Weftern point
Was formerly
ed on accoun
tion.
Sebajlsan, d
fornla. N lat
Sebajlsan, St
the Rio de Ja
t«l of the prov
contained in i
then taken 96
of whom were
«1 coloBr. TJ
fides here. T
«s ftreets of xo
^ right angles
""■ee ftories hia
{"r ftorcs, Aabi
formly dwell 01
B'«cc has mor
T
SE B
SEE
(fcph'j
mtaini
flavts.
en dil-
borin;;,
gitllou*
e ilUn^
mity of
parilli,
VaugU-
imaica I.
ilifax cu.
ngtoii.
k river,
Canaan.
E fide of
of rocks
ifs it with
ted there,
'oint, and
^0, W lou.
dinrift of
ibitantSjof
York, lie*
latation of
It is about
fmall but
>vhich, ip
1 hill, the
diameter,
lutiful arch
The fury
lefs of the
life within,
jrfon from
ilcr Virgin
lid E of the
\t deyendf.
lurry co. N.
Tiington.
lampftiire,
from Portf-
ut x6 milu
erly of the
f Hampton;
^d contains
■e S extrem-
forms the
f, Rhod* Ifl-
iewport.
,Stjl If ami, M/ril,l,ii, on the Ciuft of
M,«iiic. I'Vom thciice to firaiid Munan
III tiul the coutfc in I'. N K t Icigiio ; and
to Matinicui I Hand W S W a6 league*.
N lat. 44 »7' Wlon. 66 .^z
SiJ Rivrr, in New North Wales, runs
F, to Hudlon's i)i»y, into which it einp-
ticf eaftward of Mot)lc river.
Sta OtUr SoumI, on the N. W'.coaft «)f N.
America, lies S K of tiie Huxy Iflands,
N lat. 55 i8, W Ion. i;,.^ 47 .1o.
Searjiyrglj,n townlliip of Vermont, Bcn-
nln;;ton co. li niiliM V. of Beiiuiogfon.
SfUViiyi Ijhnd. SoC 1'jf.jtMli-a rivfr.
Scbaco, an ifland on tlie W* toaft of
Mexico, izmile^ N of Point Mariat, and
45 N E of Quica' a.
Sfbacouk, or Seba^o, a pond Of lake of
Maine, i8 miles N W of Portland, is
equal in extent to 2 large townfliips, and
w connedtcd with I-ong Pond on the N
W by Sungo, or .Songo river. The whole
extent of thefe waters is nearly 30 milea
N W and S E.
Sebarimui one of the principal mouths
of Oronocu river that is navigable for
fltips.
Stbitfcodeagan IJUnd. See Harp/well.
Stbtiftacniii, a river of Maine, that rifcs
in lakes nearly N from its mouth ; and
in its windings receives many tributary
ftrcams, and joins the Kennebeckat Ta-
connct Fall, where Fort Halifax was eredt-
in 1754. The fall is i8 miles from Fort
Weftern, which was built in 1752. Irs
numerous ftrcams abound with fmall fiHi,
as alcwives, &c.
Seiaflian, Cape Si. the eadom point of
the Gulf of Oarien, on the coall of the
Spanifli Maine, is to leagues from tlie
Weftern point of Cape Tiburon. Here
was formerly a city, which was abandon-
ed on account of its unwholefomc fitua-
tion.
Sdajlian, Cafe St. on the coaft of Cali-
fornia. N lat. 43, W Ion. 126.
Sebajlian, St. iituatcd at the month of
the Rio de Janeiro, lat. 23 S, is the capi-
tal of the province of Rio de Janeiro, and
contained in 1796, accord'ng to a cenfus
then taken 96,000 inhabitants, four fifths
of whom were blacks and people of mix-
ed coloar. The vice king of Brazil re-
fides here. This city is regularly built,
its flreets of *o feet wide crofs eacn other
at right angles. The houl'es are two and
three ftories high. The lower one is ufed
for ftorcs, ftables ^c. I'he people uni-
formly dwell on the fecond floor. This
filacc hat more commerce thao any in
rr.»zil. N.me but pleafure cirri \j;rs ai-*
uCid here. Tiie truckage &c. is tloiif l>y
negroes. furr^Jf.
S,b.iJlijH //hnJ, !Jt. on the loafl of IJr.i-
?,il, iH .S W by W t'riim tlip li.iv of Angra
dos Rev* ; to t!ic calfwinl of which ai'o
U'vcr.il oilii )' idund'i of Mt note. Slat.
22 54, W Ion. 43 1 1.
Sekifiin, St. a town of Tcvra FirVna, oa
the F. iide of the (lulf ol O.trion.
SthtiJlhtH K'-'ir, St, <»r S/ijir/b y1i/iriri<l't
Crel^,^>a the j; roall cf l". 1 lorida, has
ci>niiminicatio)i with tn(!i.<i, river. Oppo-
litc tills rivei* the admiral of the Plate
FU'ct ) lillu"*! in 1715. l c reft of the
ilt'ft, 14 in minihcr, >-t'rc loft Leiwcen
thii and the Ikaih ya'-;l.
Srbii/li.i:) dc ! . Pl.it.i, •• fir..\ll placc in the
jurifdicridii of Pup-'vai!, in tin' provii..:j
of Quito, 6 miles i-, K of P( /..van. Ir
ftands on a Iar;>:' pi.iin on t!\c ' Ic of the
river Cialli, ami i i fiilijctl t ■- ,: th<juakt!i.
There are filvcr ininei in it vicinity. M
lat. 3 44, W Ion. ', I '
Silmii, fmiill ifl.'t i<l' o > tiie coaft of Cane
Breton, ofT the S _ioint ot' Port Dauphin.
Secai IJliimh, or Dry Jf.<i>"lt, 0.1 tlie W
coaft of N Mexico, are witliin Haliia Hon-
da, or Deep Bay, and 1 2 inilci from Point
Chiriqui. the limit of t!ic bay.
Stchurn, a towii of Peril, 10 Icarnics .•»
of Piur;;, on the 'nnk of a river iSf \\\
own nam;', a lc.i7ne from the ocean'. U
contain', about 400 f.Hinili<.'s, pll Indian- ;
chiefly employed in (ifliirt^ or dii\iii;;
mules. Tiicv arc lemaikalily ingenioua,
and generally fucceed in whatever they
undcrti'.ke The l^clcrt of Scchura is .-(
frightful wafte of fand, extending yo
le?,~ !»'s to the town of M'lmpe ; which'
fe- .■■ .at. J 32 33, \V Ion. 79 42.
.V«» .'ffi^, a tt)wn of N. Spain, on tU<f
Mofquito ftiorc, on the N W fide 01' tiir
mouth of Golden river ; about 100 miles
from Cape Gracias a Dios.
: Sa/, Cafe, a promontory on the N fide
of the ifland of Cuba, and l8 leagues from
the Havannah.
i fi';iuiJ, a townfliip of Maine, Hancock,
CO. on Nafkcag Point, which bounds Pe-
, nobfcot on the N E. ft extends up to the
j town of Penobfcot, and is 315 miles N E
of Bofton. It has 726 inhabitants.
SeeLhoiiL River, is the name of that part
of Pawtucket river below Pawtuckct
bridge and falls ; from which to its mout^J
at Fox Point, in the town of Providence^
is a little more than 4 miles. Over it
are 2 bridges, conncAing Rhode Iflani.1,
with the State of MaflachufwVts, vi?. IrJii
bridge.
■I'; I
T( ;■■'
" ' ii
SEN
SE R
bridge, and three fouiilis of a mile above
Vhat, Central bridge. Hce Pa-zctudct.
Scctvee Bay, or Bull's Harbour, on the
coafl of S. Carolina, lies nearly at an
equal diftance S W of Cape Roman, and
N E of Charlefton Entrance, having fever-
al illes which form the bay.
Sf^ovia, Ne-ui, a fmall city in the jurif-
diiStion of Guatimaia, in New !?pain, ;)0
milei N of New Granada. It lias fev-
eral gold mines in its neighbourhood,
though the city is fmall and thinly inhab-
ited. N lat. 1241, Wlon. 87 31.
Scgiiataiieio, See Cheqaetan.
Sffruin IJlanJ, on the coall of Maine, is
one of the fouthernnioft iilands in Cafco
Bay ; between Cape Small Point and
Georgetown. There is a light houfe on
this idand which contains a repeating
light, fo conftrmTled as to difappearonce
every minute and a half, whichdiftiiiguifli-
es it from Portland light. It is furround-
cd by rocks, rifcs boldly from the fea into
a high hill, z or 3 miles from the main.
N lat. 43 41, W Ion. 69 %o.
Segura de la Fronlera, a large town in
the province of Tlaicala, and kingdom of
Mexico, 70 miles W of Xalappa, and in
the road from Vera Cruz to Mexico.
The furrounding country has a temper-
ate air, and is remarkably fruitful, pro-
ducing large quantities of corn and fruits,
particularly grapes. N lat. 19 a8, W
Ion. TOO 16.
Seminolet, a divilion of the Creek nation
of Indians. They inhabit the flat, level
country on the rivers Apalachicola and
Flint. See Calos.
Sempronius, a poll tow n of N. York, near-
ly in the centre of the county of Ononda-
go.is ao miles SE from the ferry on Cay-
uga Lake, It is within the jurifdiiStion
of the townfhip of Scipio and 457 miles
from Wafliiugton.
Stneca, a town of N. York, Onondago
«o. lately bid off into Areets and fquares,
on the N fide of Seneca Falls. The
enterprifing proprietors have eredled
flour and faw mills, of the bed kind, on
this never failing flroam ; and from its
central fituatioa, both i>y land and water,
between the enflern and weftern coun-
tries, being at the carrying place, it promil-
cs a rapid increafe. The proprietors
have expended large Aims of money, not
only in eretEling mills, but in building a
convenient bridge acrofs Seneca river.
Seneca Crttk, in Maryland, has two
branches; onie of which is called Little
Iweca. It empties into Patowinac riv-
er, about 19 mill's N W of the mouth of
Rock Creek, which feparates George-
town zo from Wafliington city.
Seneca Late, in Ontario co. N. York, is
a handfome piece of water from t,s to 40
miles long, and about 2 miles wide. .\t
the N W corner of the lake (lands the
town of Geneva, and on the K lide be-
tween it and Cayuga, are the towns ol
Romulus, Ovid, Hedlor and Ulyfles, in
Onondago co. N. York. Its outlet ii
Scayace K. which alfo receives the waters
of Cayuga Lake 9 miles N E from the
mouth of Canada Saga, 18 miles below
Geneva. On the fame fide of the lake
flands the Friend's fettlement, founded
by Jemima Wilkinfon ; there are 80 fam-
ilies in it, each Iihs a fine farm, and are
quiet, indiiflrious people.
Seneca River, in the State of N. York,
has an eiifterly courfe.and in its paflage
receives the waters of Seneca and Cayu-
ga lakes, (which lie N and S 10 or i a mile*
apart ;) and empties into the Onondago
river, 14 miles below the falls, at a place
called the Three Rivers. The river is
IVoatablc from the lakes downwards.
Within half a mile of the river is the fa-
mous Salt Lake.
Settecas, a tribe of Indians, one of the
.9/'* Nations. They inhabit on Genefl'ce
river, at the Geneflee Caftle. The tribe
confifts of about 1 780 fouls. They have
two towns of 60 or 70 fouls each, on
French Creek in Pennfylvania, and anoth-
er town on BufTaloe Creek, and two fmall
towns on Alleghany river.
Scnter Harbour, m the N W part of
Lake Winnipifeogee
Scpar.ition Bay, in the Straits of Magel-
lan, is 3 leagues within Cape Pillar, at
the W end of the Straits, and lies W ot
Tuefday Bay.
Serena, La. See Coquimlo.
Seregippe, a captaiufliip of Brazil, fo
named from a river of the fame name, run-
ning through the middle of it, and falling
mto the Atlantic Ocean in lat. 11 iz Ji.
It is bounded N by the river St. Francis
and S by that of Todos los Santos. It
produces fugar and tobacco in confidera-
ble quantities.
Seregippe, the Capital of the above cap-
taiufliip, with a harbour on the S. Atlan-
tic Ocean, 40 leagues N E of St. Salvadore.
It is fituatedon a rifing ground on the N
fide of Vazabaris river, 33 miles from the
fta. It is very inconfiderable ; but has
fome filver mines in its neighbourhcod.
S lat. II ao,Wlon. 31 a.
Serpmt,
SEV
SHA
|M. :1
3Uth of
ieorgc-
'orlt, is
5 to 40
;. At
ids the
lide bi>
iwna tu
yfles, in
mtlct 14
2 waters
rom the
the lake
founded
■ 80 fam-
, and are
N. York,
s palTage
nd Cayu-
r 12 mile*
Onondago
at a place
le river is
jwnwardi.
: is the fa-
one of the
n GeneiVee
[ The tribe
They have
s each, on
and anoth-
two fmall
iV part
of
I of Magel-
Pilhir, at
lies \V of
Brazil, fo
name, run-
and falling
.t. II li^'
St. Francis
antos.
It
confidera-
labove cap-
S. Atlan-
I. Salvadore.
ll on the N
cs from the
_ _ but has
kibourhcoil.
Serpent, It, is on the N fliore of lake Hu-
ron, and lies E of Miflaflaga river, and W
of Ille la Cloche.
Serraiia, an ille between Jamaica and
the coad of Nicaragua, which took its
name from one Serrana, who parted with
the fleet from Spain, in the time of Charles
V. and wa> fliipwrecked on the rocks of
this idand ; but having gained the fhore
by fwimming, he found there neither
herbs, trees, nor water, and went over all
the iiland, which i:. about 6 milca in cir-
cuit, without finding any thing to quench
third or fatisfy hqngcr. PrelTcd at laft
with extreme hunger, lie caught fome
crabs on the fliore, which were liis food
for fome days ; and then feeing large tur-
tles which came afliore, he caught fome
of them. Having lived for three years
in this manner, on crabs and turtles, and
drank nothing but rain water which he
gathered in turtle fhells, he difcovered
another coritpanion in misfortune, who
had alfo been Ihipwrecked. This compan-
ion was fome comfort to him, and they
lived four < years together ; at the end of
which tintBp veflel coming near the ifl-
and, carrieffuem both to Spain. The
laftof thcfe died on the way thither ; but
Sirrana was carried to Germany, and pre-
fented to Charles V as a kind of prodigy,
for all Iiis body was overgrown with hair
like a bear, and his beard came down to
his waift. The emperor beflowed on
him 4803 ducats to be paid in Peru i but
he died on his way to Panama, as he was
going to receive them.
Stji/ne Quh/t, a river of the N. W. Ter-
ritory, which empties through the weft-
em bank of Illinois river, about 180 mileii
from the Miilifippi. Us mouth Is 40
yards wide ; and the land bordering on
u is very good. It is boatable 60 miles.
Seven Brothers, fmall iflands on the N
coaft of the ifland.,of St. Domingo. They
lie oppofite the mouth of Monte Chrifl
river, or Grand Yaqui. Tliey have o«p
cafioned feveral wrecks, and prove a fhel-
ter to privateers.
Seven IJlantU Bay, on the N fide of the
river St. Lawrence ; 25 leagues from the
W end of the iflaiid of Anticofti, and in
lat^oaoN. It was one of the French
ports for trading with the Indians, and
has a very fecurc harbour for fliips in
I any wind.
Severn River, conveys thewaters of lake
jSimcoe, from the northern extremity of
hhat lake Into the head of Gloucefter bay,
land harbour, lake Huron. Sm^tb,
iVoi. I. Aaaa
Severn, a fmall river of Maryland, of
Ihort courfe, which runs S £ to Cncfapeak
Bay. It pafl'es by Annapolis city on the
N and cipptles into the bay about 3 mijics
below the city.
Severn, a river of New South Wales,
which purfues a N £ courfe, and enters
Hudfon's Bay at Severn Houfe, which
is 160 miles £ of York Fort.
Sevier, a county of TencUce, Hamilton
diftridt. It contains 3419 inhabitants,
of whom i6i are negroes.
Sevier futile, a poft town and capital of
Seviet co. Teneffee, j jj miles from Wafli-
ington.
SevUla Nutva, a town which was found-
ed by the famous Efquivcl, on the N fide
of the ifiand of Jamaica ; a little to the
weftward of Mammce Bay, and the fput
which had been honored by the refidence
of Columbus, after his Ihipwreck in 1503.
It is now called Seville Plantation ; and
the ruins of the ancient town are iliU
vifible in fome of the cane fields.
Sewe* Bay, or BuWt Harbunr, on the
coad of S. Carolina, is S W of Cape
Carteret. The long and narrow illaud
called Racoon Keys is between Cipe Car*
teret Ifland and the entrance to this har-
bour, wtiich is at the N £ end of iJuU's
Ifland. See Seevuee.
Seyio, or Se^vo, a fettlement In the S £
part of the ifland of St. Domingo, on the
upper road from Higuey to St. Domingo
city ; 18 leagues W by N of the former,
and 24 N £ of the latter. Ic is alfo i %
leagues N of the little ifland of St. Cath-
erine, on the S coaft of the main ifland.
It is not that founded in 1502, by John of
£fquivel, but a fettlement formed in the
fame canton about 60 years ago by fever-
al graziers, and has a place of worfhip.
Towards the year 178c it had augmented,
but is now faUing to decay. The p.uifh
contains more than 4000 pcrfpns ; the
grcateft part of whomure graziersor hcrdf-
men, free negroes or people cf colour.
Shackleford, a poft town in King Wiiliangi
CO. Virginia, 143 miles from Wafh*
ington.
Sbiifi/hury, a confiderable and flourlftio
ing poft town of Vermont. It has Ar-
lington on the N, and Bennington on tha
S, and contains 1895 inhabitants.
S/jag I/land, near the entrance into
Chriftmas Sound, on the S coaft of the
ifland of Terra del Fuego. The entrance
to Port Clcrke in this found is juft to the
N of fome low rocks which lie off a point
of Shag Ifland.
Siatltw
•.} pi
!
SHA
Shaihv) For J, is that part of Teneflee
river which is izoo yards broad; xa miles
above the Whirl. It lies between Chat-
arnuga and Chickaugo rivers, which fall
in from the S £.
Shallow Water, Paint, aa the N. WiCoaft
of N. America, lies in lat. 63 N. Be-
tween this point and Shoal Nefs, which
is 3 degrees of lat. to the fuuthward, Capt.
Cook did not explore the coaft) on account
of the fh'allow water he met with.
Siambe, a fmall river of W. Florida,
which empties into Penfacola Bay. It
admits fliallops fome miles up, and boats
upwards of jo miles.
Sbamoiin, a former Moravian, fettle-
ment, a little below the town of Sunbury,
in Pennfylvania.
Sbamoim Creek, rons wedward inta
Sufquehannah river, a mile S of Sunbury,
in Pennfylvania.
Shanks IJljnd, was difcovered in 1 80a,
in lat. a8 S, Ion. 163 £. It is 5 or 6
leagues fromN toS, in length from E to
W not quite fu much. Cocoa trees were
obferved on the Ifland.
Sbannock Country. See Rhode JJland
State.
Shannon River, U. Canada, empties into
the bay of Quinte 10 or la miles above
tlie Mohawk fettlement.
Sbapltigh, a pod town, Maijie, York co.
at the head of Moufom river ; bound-
ed on the W by Pilcataqna River and
the line of N. Hampfliire. It was incor-
porated in 178.^, contains 1778 inliabit-
ants, lies 108 miles N of Bofton, and 579
from Wafliington.
Sharon, a townfliip of Vermont^ Wind-
for CO E of Royalton, and W of Norwich
on White river. It contains 1168 iuhab*
itants.
Sharon, a townfliip of Maflachufetts,
Norfolk CO. 10 mile« S W of Bofton. It
was taken from Stoughton, and incor-
porated in 1765. It contains 1018 in-
liabitants.
Sharon, a poft town of Conne(Slicut, in
Litchfield co. bounded E by Cornwall,
from which it is feparatcd by Houfatonic
river, and W by the E line of N. York.
It is about I a nules N W of Litchfield and
contains a340 inhabitants. ^
Sharon, a village in Georgia, about 5
milc:> from Savannah. In this place, jud
at the clofe of the war, Gen. Wayne was
attacked in a furious manner by a botly
of Cherokee Indians, head 'I by a Britim
officer. They fought bind to hand
Manfully, and took a pieces of artillery.
S'HE
But Gen. Wayne, at the hazard of hisowa^
life, gained the vitflory.
Sharon, a new town in Schoharie co.
N. York, incoiporated' in 1797, having
3655 inhabitants.
Shariflown, in Queen Ann's co. Mary-
land. See Kent County.
Sharpjburg, a poft town of Maryland,
Wafliington co. about a miles from Patow-
mack river, and nearly oppofwe to Shep-
hcrdftown, in Virginia, at the mouth of
Shenandoah river. It cmitains a church,
and about ajo houfcs. It is 9 miles N
N W of Williams port, 69 W by N of
Baltimore, 181 W S W of PJiiladelphia,
and 75 from Wafliington.:
Shaivanee, and Shavanon, tli'e former
tlie Indian, and the latter the Frcncli
name of Cumberlnnd river, in Teneflee.
Sbaiuanefi, or Shatvanoes, an Indian n.v
tion, great numbers of whom have joined
the Creek confederacy. They have 4
towns on the Tallapoofce river, contain-
ing 300 vwrriors ; and more are expedted
to remove thither. ■ By the treaty of peace,
Aug. 3, 1795, the United Statts agreed to
pay to this tribe a fum i#hand, and
1000 dollars a year for ever, in goods.
They inhabit alio on Scioto river, and
a branch of the Muflcingum, and have
their hunting grotinda between Ohio river
and Lake Erie. They are generally of a
fmall fize, rather handfome in their fea-
tures, and are a very cheerful and crafty
people. Counfelling among their old
people, and dancing among their young
men and women, take up a great part of
their time.
Sbavinrfe To^njhip, lies at the mouth of
the river Chenal ccarte, on the £ fide of
the river Sinclair, U Canada.
Shaiuangunk, a poft town in Ulftcr co.
N. York ; bounded eafterly by Newburgh
and Marlboro' and foutherlyby Mont*
gomery and the Platta Kill. It con-
tains a8o9 inhabitant)!. It is ao milet |
from Goflien, and la from new Paltz.
5£a7t^nA, a confidcrable ftream of Maf-
fachufetts, which rifcs in Bedford, Mid- 1
dicfex CO. and, pafTing through Bilierica,
Tewklbury and Andover, empties inwj
Merrimack river.
Sbeba JJland. See Saba.
Shecatica, a bay of very irregular flwpt I
and breadth, on the coaft of Labrador, N I
America ; having an ifland of its name all
its mouth. It is between lat. 51 i8aiiii|
5ia8 N, and Ion. j8 16 and 58 aa W
Sbecbary, a lake of New North Wale*j
formed like a bow. It receives Churcb-I
it|
arie co.
, having
^ Mary-
laryland,
m Patow-
. to Shep-
mouth of
a church,
) miles N
by N of
iladelphia,
I'c former
[ic French
feneflee.
Indian nft-
liavc joined
ley
have 4
ST, contain-
re expe<Sied
ity of peace,
fes agreed to
I hand, and
If, in goo'l''
> river, and
n, and have
sn Ohio river
;enerally of a
' in their fe*-
ul and crafty
,ng their old
their young
eat part of
I the mouth of
I the E fide of
l-regular Aape
If Labrador, n
Tl of its name a'
riat.51 »8/
T North Wal»
'ceiveiChurcM
r lU
S H E
iO river from the S W, and at its N E end
has communication with Bcrbazon Lake,
which lies due N and S. At the S end
of the iatter, the waters of both lakes run
E under the name of Seal river, which
empties into Hudfon's Bay at Churchill
Fort, between Button's Bay on the N and
Cape Churchill on the S £. Both lakes
, are, long and narrow.
Sbedlac, a harbour on th« £ coaft of N.
Brunfwick, and on the W fide of the Gulf
of St. Lawrence ; 53 miles S E of Mirami-
chi Bay.
Sbiefiftot or Shcepfcutj a fmall river of
Maine, which empties into the ocean to
theE ofKenneheck, and is navigable 20
or 30 miles. On the W lide of this river
is the excellent port of Wifcaflet. New-
caftle townfliip is at the head of naviga-
tion on this river, and extends from Sheepf-
cot to Damarifcotta river. The compaA
partis 10 miles NE of Wifcaflet. Sheepf-
cot harbour has high water, at full and
change, 45 mluutes after 10 o'clock;
depth, 9 fathoms.
SbcLp^i Cove, on the E coaft of New-
foundland, lies between Bay Robert and
Port Grave.
Sheffield, a tovnifliip in the N part of
Caledonia co. Vermont. It has 170 in-
habitants.
Sheffield, a poll town of Maflachufetts,
Berkmire co. 30 miles S £ of Hudfon in
N. York, 145 W S W of Bofton, and 36a
from Wafliington. It was incorporated
>0 1733* and contains 2050 inhabitants.
Houfatonic river, which is nine rods in
breadth, pafles through it from N to S,
which with its branches fupply water for
(everal mills and iron works. South
Mountain extends the whole length of the
town, along the E fide of the river.
Sbelburnt, a townfliip of Vermont, CJiit-
tenden co. on the E fide of Lake Cham-
plain. It has Burlington on the N, and
Charlotte on the S, and contains 723
inhabitants.
Sheliurne, an interior townfliip in Graf-
ton CO. N. Hampshire. It was incorpo-
rated in 1 769, and contains 45 inhabitants.
Sheliurne, atowaiiup in Mampfhire co.
Maflachufetts, adjoining Greenfield, 98
miles W of fiodon, containing 1079 in-
liabitants.
Sbelburne, a town of Nova Scotia, at the
head of a bay which runs up from Port
Rofeway, at the S W part of the province.
|In 1783,11 contained 600 families, but is
ow lefs populous. It is 18 milet N £ of
S H E
Harrington, and 88 S W by S of Halifux.
Steliy, a co. of Kentucky, lx>unded N
by Henry, W by Bullet, E by Franklin,
and S by Nelfon. It is watered by fcv-
eral ftreams which f;ill into Salt river.
It contains 8929 inliabitants, of whom
1409 are^aves.
Sbelbyville, a pod toWn in Shelby co.
Kentucky, 581 miles from Wafliington.
Sheldon, (formerly Hungerford^ a port
town in Franklin co. Vermont, containing
408 inhabitants, 7 miles S of Canada line,
14 E of Lake Champlaiu, and 579 from
Wafliington.
Shelter IJland, at the E end of Long I. in
Sufifolk CO. N. York, lies 3 Iciujucs W ot
Gardner's I. It is about 5 miles from K
to W, and 7 from N to S. It is h fruitful
fpot, containing about 8000 acres ; was
incorporated in 1788, and contains 201
inhabitants of whom 34 are oletftori.
(><«ifiderable numbers of cuttle, fliccp
and poultry are railed here. When you
leave Shelter Ifland on your larboard
hand, and run W by N about 5 or 6 miles,
you will open a large bay where lOo lail
of vcflels may lie late, and anchor in 3
or 4 fathoms.
Shenandoah, K CO. of Virginia, bounded N
by Frederick, and S by Rockingham. It
contains 11,809 free inhabitantb, chiefly
Germans. Chief town, Woodftock.
Shenandoah, a river of Virginia, which
rifcs in Augufla co. and after running a N
E courfe of about aoo miles, joins the Pa-
towmack in about lat. 38 4, juft befora
the Utter burlh throuj'^h the Blue Ri(l<;e.
It is compofcd of 4 branches, S. river,
middle river, N. riv«r, and Shcnandoaii,
which is the fmalleft branch, but givci its
name to the united ftreams. It is naviga-
ble fthout 100 miles ; and may be render-
ed I'o nearly its whole courfe at a fmall ex-
penfe. When this is done, it will bear the
produce of the richeft part of the flate to
Wafliington.
Shenandoah Valley, extends from Win-
chefter, in Virginia, to Curlillc and the
Sufquehannah, in Pennfylvania,, and it
chiefly inhabited by Germans and Dutch.
Shepherdsfxeld, Maine ; now Hebron.
ShfpherdJlo'U'n, a port town of Virginia,
in Jefferfon co. on the S fide of Pato>vmack
R. Itsfitiiation is healthy and agreeable,
and the neighbouring country is fertile
and well cultivated. It contains 1033
inhabitants, moflly of German extraction.
It lies feveral miles above the mouth of
Shenandoah R. oppofite to Sharpfburg ;
10 miles
; Kwh
■ M
SHI
SHO
10 milM S by S of Martln(burg, and 1i
frftm Wafliington.
Shephtrdfville, a poft town in Bullet co.
Kentucky, 640 miles from Waihiagtcn.
Sherburne, a po(l town in Chenango co.
N.York, has 1:182 inhabitants, 4.52 miles
from Wafliington.
Sherburne, in MafTachufetts ; fee Nan-
iveket.
Sherkurne, a. tOwn in Middlefex co.
Maflachufetts, has 776 inhabitants, 18
miles S W of Bodon.
SberBttrne,A town of N. York.Herkemer
CO. By the (late cenfus of 1 796, it con-
tained 483 inhabitants-
Sherburne, a town in Rutland co. Ver-
mont. See Killington.
Sbfjhequin, a poft town iij Luzcrn* CO.
Pennfylvauia,34a miles fiom Wafliingtoiv
Sbetuckcty a river of Connedticun which
is formed by the jundtion of Willomantic
and Mount Hope rivers, and after runJ
ning £ a few miles, purfues a fouthern
courfe, and uniting with Quinnabaug R.
empties into the Thames in thv r part of
^the townfliip of Norwich.
Sbeiuan^uni. See Shav/itnnguHi.
Sbimene Port, on the N fide of the ifland
of St. John, in the gulf of St. Lawrence.
Its entrance, W of St. Peter's harbour, is
very narrow; but the bafon within is
very fpacious.
Shining Mountains, bounding Louifiana
on the W, are little known. It is con-
jedhireU that they terminate in about lat.
47 or 48 N, where a number of rivers
rife, and empty themfclves either into the
N. Pacific Ocean, into Hudfon's Bay, in-
to the waters which lie between them, or
into the Atlantic Ocean. They are call-
ed alfo the Mountains of Bright Stones, On
account of the immenfe number of large
rrydals, (hooting from the rocks, and
fparkling in the rays of the fun, fo as to.
be feen ?t a great didance.
Sbifi Jfland, lies between Horn and Cat
Ifland, on the coafl of W. Florida, and is
about 10 miles S of the Bay of Bilozi. It
is 9 miles long and a broad ; produces
pine trees and grafs, and has a tolerable
well of water in it.
Ship JJland, U. Canada, is of very fmall
extent, between the Bafsi Hands, and Cun-
ningham's ifland in lake Erie.
ShiptoH, a very flourifliing towndiip of
excellent land, in L Canada, on the £
bank of the St. Prancis ao mile* N W of
Afcot, 50 S E of St. Francis village. It
has about 350 inhabitants. The Lownfliip
extends over the river Nicdiet, another
fine riverwhich empties into the St. I.iv«
rence. Thefe rivers run nearly parHlkl
with each other and have falls which
event tally will be locked, and ate now
paflei in birch Indian canucs in which
heavy articles arc tranfported. A road
is cut nd cleared on the banks of the .St.
Franc from Afcot to tbu St. Iy.i\vrence.
Anoth road from Shipton eaftcrly to
the Ci udier, and thence to Qiieliec, has
been b. ;un, and it is expcdled will bo
compie -d in a few years.
Shipfi <dJlo%vn, in Virginia, on the S fide
of the r.itowmack, 40 or 50 miles frmn
Alexandria.
Shippenjhurgh, a poft town of Pennfylva-
nia, Cumberland co. on a bfancJi of Con-
edogwinnet Creek, which empties in-
to the Sufqnehannah ; and contains
about 20") houfes, chiefly built of ftone.
It derives its name from its proprietor,
John Shippen, Efq. of Philadelphia, who
has leafed out tite pl^ce in fmall houfe
lots on ground rents from a to 4 dollars a
year. There are three meeting houfc* in
the place, one for Seceders, one German,
^and one Methodifi. It has 1045 inhabit-
ants. It is a r miles N by E of Chamberf-
burg, a like difiance S W of Carlille, and
146 W of Philadelphia.
Sbippigan JJland, on the Gulf of St. Law-
rence, on the S fide of Chaleur Bay, S W
of, and feparated by a narrow channel,
from Mifcou ifland.
Shirley, a townfhip of Mafifachufetts, in
the N W part of Middlefex co, 41 miles
N W of Bolton. It was incorporated in
I753i and contains 713 inhabitants.
Shirley, a toAynfliip of Pennfylvania,
Huntingdon co. has 95.8 inhabitants.
Shoals, IJles of, are 7 in number, fituated
on the coafl of N. Hampfliire , to which
the celebrated Capt. John Smith gave his
own name, but the ingratitude of man has
denied his memory that fmall honor. The
line which divides Maine from N. Hamp-
fhire, pafics betwen thefe iflands, leaving
part in one of thefe Sates and part in
the other. They are inhabited by a-
bout 140 fifhermen, who are poor, and
are fupplied with a religious teacher, by
the fociety for propagating the gofpsfe
They have a meeting houfe (which fcrves
for a land mark for featnen) and a parfon-
age houfe ercdbed by charity. Thefe ifl-
ands are chiefly a bar: en rock, having
very little foil. Before the revolutionary
war, the number of inhabitants on thefe
iflands was about 600. From lUe of ShoaU
to the Dry Salvage, Rock, the courfes is
S i W 8 I
3 leagues
leaguL-s ; ti
N Jat. 43 .
Sboeneck.
Pennfylva
17.^7.
Shoi-L'han
difbn CO. c
plain, havi
port on th'
ga. it con
Shrmjl:,
Mor.inou:!;
Middletow
Dover S W
Middletow
This town
mouth cour
Point, 3 ] S
E of Ph'ilad
ii'gton. Tf
ispleafan;,;
a Pie(l)ytei
houfc' for
branch of N
a cave, in wl
foft por-us I
ture llowly (
the fand beic
4673 inhab
teel compar
York refort
months, for 1
Shretvjbur-^
Rutland co.l:
and Saltafli
Inhabitants.
Shreivjhury
Pennfylvania
Sbretvjbury^
co.Mafl-ichui
ter, and 40 V
incorporated
inhabitants.
deaths in th<
in a year for
bout: 30, marr
of the people
died her« Mrs
year of her ag
Sbubenacadie,
which rifes wi
Da -tmouth, or
bour, and en
taking in its
Gay's rivers.
■»me lies on
Vhich leads
SHU
SIL •
8 i W 8 leagues ; to Portfmouf h N N VV
3 leagues ; to Newburyport Bar S W 7
leagues ; to York harbour N ^ E j leagues.
N lat. 42 59, W Ion. 70 33.
Sboenect, a Mor.avian let'" leat in
Peimfylvania, near Nazareth ; begun in
1757-
Shon-ham, a townfhip of Vermont, Ad-
dilbn CO. on the E lide of I^ake Cham-
pLiln, having Orwell on the S, and Brid-
port on the N, a little N £ of Ticondero-
gti. It contains 1447 inhabitants.
Sh>ru-fi:iry, a port town of N. Jerfey,
Mar.inou'.h co. on the fea board, having
Middletown on the N, Freehold W, and
Dover S W North river divides it from
Middletowii, and is navigable a few miles.
This town is 1.5 miles N E by E of Mon-
mouth court houfe, 14 S E of Middletown
Point, 3.? S E by E of Brunfwick, 79 E N
E of Philadelphia, and 223 from Wafli-
ington. The compai£l part of the town
is pleafaai, and cont.iins an Epifcopal and
a Prelbyterian church, and a meeting
houfv for Friends. On the fide of a
branch of Navefmk river, in this town, is
a cave, in which are 3 rooms, arched with
foft por'.us rock, through which the moif-
ture ilowly exudes, and falls in drops on
the fand below. The townfhip contained
4673 inh.ibitants, in 1790. Much gen-
teel company from Phihdclphia and N.
York refort here during the fummcr
months, for health and pleafure.
Shreivjhury, a town flap of Vermont, in
Rutland co. between Clarendon on the W,
and Saltaih on the E, and contains 748
inhabitants.
Sbrevfiury , a townflilp in York co.
Pennfylvania, has 1305 inhabitants.
Sbreivjhury, a townlliip in Worcefter
CO. Mafllichufetts ; 6 miles E of Worcef-
ter, and 40 W by S of Bofton. It was
incorporated in 17-z 7, and contains 1048
inhabitants. The average number of
deaths in the town has been 11 or iz
in a year for 40 years part, the births a-
bout, 30, marriages 8. About one to fifty
of the people is 80 years of age. In 1 798
died here Mrs. Mary Jones, in the lojth
year of her age.
Sbubenaciidie, ft river of Nova Scotia,
which rifes within a mile of the town of
Da 'tmouth, on the £ fide of Halifax har-
bour, and empties into Cobequid Bay,
taking in its courfe the Slewiack and
Gay's rivers. The great lake of the fame
same lies on the £ fide of the road
Vhich leads from Halifax to Windfor,
:
rtnd .ibout 7 miles from it, and 2t fi*om
Halifax.
Suuicjlury, a townfliip of MafTachufijtts,
Hampfhire co. on the E fide of Connei:U-
cut river, about 16 miles N E of North-
ampton, and 90 W by N of BoAon, con-
taining 930 inhabitants.
Siara, or Seam, a town on the N E coafl:
of Brazil, in the captaindiip of its name.
S lat. 3 30, W Ion. 39 50. Andrew Vidal,
of Negreiros, was chief magiftrate of this
city in the year 1772, in the ia4th year
of his age, and difcharged his duty as 4
judge to entire falisfaction ; and died «
yeas after, in full pofTclIion of his mental
powers. In 1 773, 189 of his defcendanta
were alive.
Sibfilt/ft, iflands on the coaft of Patago-
nia. S Lit. 50 53, W Ion. J9 3J.
S!/>i!ii JJluiidi,ou the coafl of Cape Bre*
ton Ifland, lie off the S point of PortDau'^
phin, and afford good anchorage.
Sicca P«nto, or Dry Point, on the COaft of
the Spanidi niHin, is the N VV limit of
Triefte Bay, and foutlierly of the ifland of
Curacao.
Sichem, formerly a fettlemcnt of the
Moravians on the E line of N. York ; 35
miles E S K of Kingflon, on Hudfon's river.
Sidney, a town of N. York, in Delaware
CO. having Sufquehannah river for its N
boundary.
Sidney, a port town of Maine, Lincoln
CO. on the £ fide of Keunebeck river op«
pofite Vaflalboro.
Sidney Toivnjbip, in the County of Haft-
ings, U. Canada, is fituated at the head of
the bay of Quinte immediately above
Thurlow.
Sideling Hill, a range of hills which lie
in the N W part of Maryland, between
Alleghany and Wafliingtoncountiesjwhich
are divided by the creek of the fame name.
Sierre Madn. Sec Andes.
Silver Bluff, a confiderable height upo*
the Carolina fliore of Savannah river y
perhaps 30 feet higher than the low land*
on the oppofite Ihore, which are fubje(%
to inundations in the fpring and fall. This
Aeep bank rifes perpendicularly out of
the river, difcovcring various flrata of
earth. The furface of the ground upon
this bluflP, which extends nearly two miles
on the river, and from half a mile to a
mile in breadth, is nearly level, and a good
fertile foil, as ap^iears by the valt oaks,
hickory, mulberry, black walnut, and
other trees and ftirubs left (landing in the
old fields which arc fprcad abroad to a
great
■■ a
■i:i-?'^
jsS
SIN
j;reat didancc. Here are various vcnigM
of the ancients ; as Indian conical mounts,
terraces, areas, &c. as well as traces of
fortrefles of regular formation, as if con-
ftrudted afttr the modes of European mil-
itary architefts ; which fonie fuppofe to
Vie the ancient camps of the Spaniards,
who formerly fixed themfelves here, in
hopes of finding filvcr.
Simcoe Lake, formerly lake aux Claies,
is fituated between York and Gloucefler,
upon lake Huron U. Canada ; it has a tew
fraall iflands, and feveral good harbours ;
a veflel has been built for the purpofc of
facilitating the communication to lake
Huron by that rout. Tins was fo nanied
by Lieut. General Simcoe, from refpcd; to
his father, the late Capt. Simcoe of the
Royal Navy, who died in the river St.
Lawrence on the expedition to Quebec in
1 739, In the year 1755, this aWe officer
had furniflied government with the plan
of operations againfl Quebec, which then
took place ; at the time of his death, Capt.
Cook the celebrated circumnavigator, was
inafter of his fhip, the Pembroke. Smyth.
Siment, St, the eafternmoft of the 3 large
iHands at the moutJ' of the Alatamaha riv-
er in Georgia, having oa the N N E, Little
St. Simons IJland ; and between thefe is
the eaftern mouth of tlxe river. The
fouthern end of the itland is near the N
mouth of the Alatamaha. Formerly a
Ilrong battery was eretfled here, for the
defence of Jekyl Sound, in which 10 or i a
forty gun fliips may ride in fafety. This
ifland is about 45 miles in length, and
from two to four in breadth ; has a rich
and fruitful foil, full of oak and Wckory
trees, intermixed with meadows and old
Indian fields. In the middle of the ifland
is the town of Frederica. The bar or
entrance of St. Simon's is S by W 19
leagues from Tybee Inlet.
Simons Fort, St. at the S end of St.
Simon's Ifland, is 9 or 10 miles from the
St. Simond's Bar, and is remarkable for
its white appearance.
Simjhury, a poll town of Connedticut,
in Hartford co. 14 miles N W of Hartford.
Oopper ore has been found here. It has
A963 inhabitants, and is 386 miles from
Walhington.
Sinclair River, U. Canada, runs from N
<o S, being the ftratt between lake Huron,
«Dd lake St. Clair.
Sinimaboning, a N weftemmoft branch
of Sufquehannah river.
Sititpuxtnt, a very long bay on the S E
^^ of Maryland ; a number of long and
SIX
narrow ifland* feparating it from the At-
lantic Ocean. Sinepuxent Inlet, is is
about lat. 38 lo 30 N, and nearly I2 miles
E of the town of Snowhill.
Sing Sing, an inconfidcrable village on
the £ fide of Haverftraw Bay, in W.
Chefter co. ^s ni'les N of N. York city.
Sinica, a confiderable Cherokee town,
on the banks of Keowee river. The
houfes on the £ fide are on an elevated
fituation, and command a delightful and
extenfi ve profpetSl of the whole fettlement.
The inhabitants, about 500 in number,
can milder 100 warriors.
Siniing Spring Valley, See Bald Eagle
Valley.
Sino, or Sinu, a bay on the N coaft of
Terra Firma. There is alfo a town of
the lame name on the S fide of tiie Gulf
of Morofquillo, about 66 miles N E of St.
Sebailian, and 40 S W of Tolu-
Skvs, or Sioux, a powerful nation of
Indians, confining of three diiFerent tribes,
which can furnifh 9500 ♦rarriors ; the
Sious, who inhabit the head waters of the
Miffifippi and Miffouri, 3000 warriors ;
the Sious of tlie Meadows, ajoo, and the
Sious of the Woods, 4000. The two laft
inhabit on the head and weftern waters
of the MiIHfippi,and the iflands of Lake
Superior.
Siffey'i, a branch of Tombeckbee river
in Georgia, wliich runs a S W by S courfe.
Its mouth is in about lat. 31 55 N, and 40
miles N by W of the upper mouth of Ala-
bama river.
Sir Charles Hardy s Ifland, in the S Paci-
fic Ocean, was difcovered in 1767, by
Captain Carteret. It Is low, level, and
covered with wood. S lat. 4 41, W Ion.
154 ao.
Sir Claries Saunders' Ifland, in the fame
ocean, and difcovered by the fame navi-
gator, is about two leagues in length froia
E to W. S lat. 17 «8, W Ion. 151 4.
Sirius, a fmall ifland in the fame ocean,
difcovered by Lieutenant Ball, in 1792.
It is' about 18 miles in circuit;. S lat. 10
51, W Ion. i6* 30.
Sifal, on the N coaft of Yucatan, in tlie
Gulf of Mexico, is 4 leagues W of Lin*
chanchee, and 8 £ of Cape Condccedo. It
is the higheft look out on the whole coalV.
Sijflboii, Nova Scotia, lies on the £ fide
of St. Mary's Bay, %% miles S £ of An-
napolis.
Sifter's Ferry, a village in S. Carolina,
25 miles from Coofawatchie, and 102
from Charledon.
Site Men's jBay,on the W fide of the ifl-
and
thte At-
;, is is
[% miles
lage on
, in W.
t city.
ie town,
•. The
elevated
itful and
ttlement.
number,
M Eagle
coafk of
town of
the Gulf
jJEofSt.
nation of
ent tribes,
■iors; the
:er» of the
warriors ;
3, and the
te two laft
rn waters
s of Lake
kbee river
y S courfe.
N, and 40
th of Ala'
[he S Paci-
1767. by
level, and
, W Ion.
the fame
fame navi-
jngth f roiB
1514.
ime ocean,
in 1791-
Slat. 10
|tan, in the
V of Lin*
kdecedo. It
Ihole coaft.
Ithe E fide
E of An-
Carulina,
and loa
; of the ifl-
and
SIX
tni of Barbadocs, near the N end. It lies
between Sunderland Foit S, and Six
Men's Fort N.
Six Nationt, a confederacy of Indian
nations, lb called by the Britifli and A-
mericans. The French call them Iroquois.
Formerlythey were called the FiveNations,
five only being joined in that alliance ;
but they now confilt of lix nations, and
call themftlves AgditufiUoni^ that is, the
Unii d People. Some call them Mingos ;
Others Maquah. Thcfe fix nations arc the
Mo'iatvkty Oneidas, Oiiondagai, Sttucns, Cay-
ug<is, and Tti/carorai. Tlic latter joined
the confederacy 80 years ago. In the
late war with Great Britain, they were
allies ol that power, and in 1779 they were
•ntircly defeated by the troops of Con-
grefs, and their towns all dcftrnyed.
They now live on grounds called the
ftatc Refervationa, which are intermedi-
ate fpaccs fettled on all fidc] by white
people. In their prcfent cramped iitua-
tion, they caiyiot keep together a grc^t
while. They will probably quit the U.
States and recire over the lakes Ontario
and Erie. All the Mohawks and the
greater paitof the Cay ugaK, have already
removed into Canada. The number of
fouls in all the (Ix nations was, in 1796,
4058. The Stockbridge and Brotherton
Indians, who now live among them, ad-
ded, make the whole number 4508, of
whom 760 live iu Canada, the reft in the
United Srates. By a treaty made in 1 794,
between the United States on the one
part, and the Six Nations and their Indian
friends refiding with them, on the other
part, it was (lipulated that " the fum of
4500 dollars (huuld be expended annual-
ly and for ever, in purchafing clothing,
domeflic animals, implements of hulban-
dry, and other utenfils, and in compenfat-
ing ufeful artificers who fhall refide
among them, and be employed for their
benefit." This allowance is under the
diredbion of a fuperiutendant, and is not
diftributed for any private purpofes. It is
apportioned among them according to
their numbers, in order to which, there
ii annually taken an exadb cenfus of
•II thefe Indians. In 1796, the Friends
commonly called Quakers, in their benev-
filence and zeal to promote the welfare
of thefe Indians, raifed a fund to fupport
a number of their fociety, who offered to
go and relide among them, with a view
to promote their civilization, moral im-
provement, and real welfare. A commit-
tee of their focietjr was appointed to ac*
SKE
company thefe friends to humanity, andC
they were aiStuaily on the fpot.and cor.i-
menccd their work of charity in July uf
this year. The (late of N. York have
taken thefe Indians under titeir protec-
tion, and appointed conunilliontrs to take
care that they receiver no wrong homin--
terefted individual.
Skaneotctet, a l;ike in Onondiigo co. N.
York, 14 milts lonj;, and r mile wide
whcrt' broadcft. It wattrs the military
towuihips of Marctilus and Sempruniu?,
and fends its waters nurthirly to Seneca
rivtT.
Sh:n;^.i:!y, an anciont and rcfpetllabitf
city in AUMi\y co. N. York, 16 miles N
W of Alliany ciry, pleafr.ntly £itu:itcd ia
a vale bordered wiiji hills 10 the foiith-
ward and eaftward, on the margin of Mo-
hawk river. The houfcs between .^00
and 400 in number, are compactly built,
chiefly of brick, on regular ftreets, in the
old Dutch ftil., on the S lide of the river :
few of them are elegant. The public
buildings arc a Dutch, Prelbytcrian and
an Epifcopal church, and a large and
handfome college edifice. The windings
of the river, through the town and fieldj
which are often overflowed in the fpring,
afford a rich and charming profpect
about harveft time. This town, being at
the foot of navigation, on a long river
which palles through a very fine country
rapidly fettling, it would be natural ta
concludi, would embrace much of its eom-
merce ; but originally knowing no other
than the fur trade, which, fince the rev-
olution, hag almoli ceafed, and having
taken no advantage of its happy fitua-
tion for other commerce, the place has
very conilderably decayed. The chief
buAuefs of this town now is to receive
the mcrchandife from Albany, and put
it into batteaux to go up the river, and
forward to Albany the returns from the
back country. See Mabawk River. Uit'
ton College was edabiilhed and incorpo-
rated here in 1794* and is under the di-
reftion of 24 trullees. It took its name
from the union of various denominatimi»
of Chridians in its eftablifliment. The
Dutch were, however, by far the moft
liberal benefaAors to this inftitution. It
is well fituated for the conveniency of
the northern and wedern parts of tlie
ftatc. In June, 1796, there were 40 ftu-
dents, divided into 4 claifcs, viz. i lau-
jjuages, » hiftory and belles lettres, j.
mathematics, 4 philofophy. The annual
expenfe of education here, includioK
bparu.
:u M
,-|i
^•1 !^;llv:
iH*fi
'm
S KE
SLA
dolh.
4983
tts-,
6
JO
1356 45
35CO
3*jO
board, tuition, &c. is lefs than 100 dollars.
The property of the college in 1796 con-
fided in various arttclcst to the following
amount, viz.
Uonds and mortgagcii<
producing an annual
intercft of 7 per cent.
Subfcriptions, and other
debtsdue on the books (-
of the trcafurer. j
Cafli appropriated for 1
the purchafe of hooks. 5
Houfe and lot for the 7
prefident. 3
Lot for the fcite of the 7
college. y
Houfe and lot heietofure~\
occupied for the ucad- /
(my, a donation from y. 5000
the conftflory of the I
Dutch church. J
Books, &c. in the pofTef-
(ion of the
and on the w:
Europe.
Cafliappropriated by the
regents for the pur-
chafe of books in the
bands of the conunit-
tee.
Legacy by Abraham'^
Yates, junt Efi^. of>
Albany. j
n. J
le pofTef-"!
truftecs,/
tray froniT
2381 99
4C0
350
42,42% 60
And 1604 acres of land. The faculty of
the college confifted, in 1 797, of the pref-
ident and one tutor \ and the falary of
the former with an houfe for his family,
is i50odollars,andofthelattcr665 dollars
per annum, with an additional allowance
at prefent of 150 dollars, on account of
the extraordinary price of the necefTaries
of life. There were, in 1797, 37 fhidents,
eight in the clafs of languages, twenty in
the clafs of hiftory and belles lettres, fix
in the clafs of mathematics, and three in
the clafs of philofophy. The courfe of
fiudies is, the fird year Virgil, Cicero's
•rations, Greek Teftament, Lucian, Ro-
Sian antiquities, arithmetic and Englifli
granubar; the fecond year, geography,
and the ufe of the globes, Roman hiftory,
bifitory of America, and the American
revolation, Xenophon, Horace, criticifm
and eloquence ; the third year, the vari-
ous branches of mathematics, and vulgar
and ^cimal fr&dlions, and the extraiSlion
sf the roots, geometry, algebra, trigonom-
mtj, navifatioo, menTuration, Xcnophoo
continued, and Homer ; and the fourth
and laft year, natural philofophy, the con-
ftitution of the United States and of i\\t
different States, metaphylics, or at Icaft
that part which treats of the philofophy
of the human mind, Horace continued,
and Longinus ; and during the courlc
of thefe (ludics, the attention of the claf-
fes is particularly required to elocution
and compofition in the Englifli language.
A provifion is alfo made, for fubftituting
the knowledge of the French language in-
ftead of the Greek, in certain cafes, if the
funds fliould hereafter admit of inditut-
ing a French profcnbrfliiu. The library
confided of about 1000 volumes, and £500
was appropriated to the purchafcof a phi-
lofophical apparatus. The city of Skenec-
tady contains at this time 5289 inhabit-
ants. Ii is 416 miles from Wafliington.
5i<7/if/2«/ei/^i6,in Wafliington co. N.York,
on Wood Creek, on the S fide of S. Bay.
This is a place through which mod of the
communication and trade between the
counties on Lake Champlain and Hud-
fon's river pafles. It has, however, very
bad water, and is unhealthy in fummer.
It is about 8 miles E by N of Fort George,
and 6 N by E of Fort Ann. The fortitir
cations here were dedroyed by Gen. Bur-
goyne, in July, 1777. It is in the town-
lliip of Whitehall, which fee.
Sklppact, a townfliip in Montgomery
county, Pennfylvania, on Perkimy creek.
Siifton, a village on the N fide of Pa-
tnwmac river, about 11 miles S E of Fort
Cumberland, and a8 S of Bedford in
Pennfylvania.
Siitiii/j, a baj of about 8 leagues «•
tent on the E fide of Wafliington's Iflcs,
on the N W coad of N. America, N of
Cumberland Harbour. The opening is
in lat. about S3 iS>
Siuppernong, a fmall river of N. Caroli-
na. A canal was finiflicd in 1790, which
connedb the waters of this dream with
the lake in Difmal Swamp, on the S fide
of Albemarle Sound.
SkuUck Hilhf in Hancock co. Maine,
lie N N E of the harbour of Gouldlbor-
ough. In failing from Mount Defert to
Gouldfborough, you mud deer N N E for
thefe hills, which are more remarkable
than any in the eadern country. There
are 5 of them, and at a didance they ap-
pear round. ,
Slabtovun, a village in Burlington co. N.
Jerfey, about half way between Burling-
ton and A^unt Holly, 4 or ^ miles from
each.
Slaughtir
Slaugh
peak Ba
Slaujbt
Slave J
ofN. Am
fives rife
tics into I
the river
Athapefc(
rivers frc
river ruat
inilc wide
6t N lat. ,
about Ion,
40 leaguei
The lake i
broad. T,
thcNflior
cow lake, v
the fame w
S.'earintf
foimdiand.
Sloiuias J
al'-ili Klan
5 mi!'3 in
£ay, in ij^f
VV of Tji.k(
Slujlcr, K
Small Puit
Maine, forn
and lies N J]
eni litnit.
^ Smith, a ti
l"'(;iiiLi'vIvani;
S,/:it/j,n CO
tains 429;. ii;
I'.igan Cie. k
river, in hie <
r. of Richmoi
I^hia, and 2ii
creek is navi:
Smhhfieldt a
of Johnlbn co.
of Neus river,
100 miles N V
!'''gh. 473 fn
from Wafliinj
the ton-n is an
»« the form ol
'e« indiamet
often dug in it
now is not moi
Staitbfieldy-Av
bull CO. State of
of Pennfylvani
J-ake Erie and
about 65 miles
SmitbfM, Mi
ftips in Wayne
"% one49o,and
Vol.- 1. B
SMt
SMY
fourtli
the con-
1 of tiie
at Icaft
ilofophy
ntinucd,
i courlc
the claf-
ilocutlon
language,
jftituting
guage iii-
lc«,if the
f inftitut-
c library
and £500
tof a phi-
)f Skenec-
9 inhabit-
iflungton.
». N.York,
of S. Bay.
noft ofthe
tween the
and Hud-
evcr, very
a fummer.
)rt George,
rhe fortitiT
Gen. Bur-
1 the town-
ontgomery
imy creek.
fide of Pa-
E of Fort
edford ia
jlcagues ex-
■ton's Iflcs,
Irica, N of
ipcning is
N. CaroH-
1790, which
Iream with
the S fide
CO. Maine,
iGouldlbor-
Defert to
■ N N E for
Iremarkable
. There
they ap-
Igton CO. N.
>n Burling-
Imiles from
Shughttr
SUttghtir Crttt, on the E flde «f Cliefa*
peak Bay, Durchefter co. Maryland.
HJauJber Fert, or LiltJt Niagara,
Slave Laki and i?/'-«rr, ID the N W part
of N. America. The lake is extenfivc and
gives rife to M'KcnKie's river, which emp-
ties into the Troecn Oce^n, and receives
the river of its nanM from the W end of
Atliapefcow Lake ; be.fide many other
rivers from various dirc«£lionk. Slave
river runs a N W by N courl'c, and is a
tnilcwide. The S end of Slave Lake ii
61 N lat. and the center uf the lake is in
ttbout Ion. 115 W. ' The northern bay is
40 leagues deep, and 6 fathoms water.
The iaktf is faid to be 200 miles long, ico
broad. The Dogribbcd Indians inhabit
thcNfhoreof this lake. Sc^ Athapuf-
cow lake, which Pinkerton fuppufes tu be
the Came with this.
Slearing JJIjhJ, on the coaft of New-
fuimdland.
Sioiu!,i'; I/lanJ, is the third of the Eli«-
ah i!i lihimls in magnitude, being about
J mi!' 3 in cirmiit. It lies oA' Buzzard's
Bay, iu Biiruftiblc co. MaiTachufctUi and
\V of Tii'kcr's Ifiiiid.
Slujier, Fort, bee Hcblopr.
Small Fuint, oij the coaft of LincoUi co.
Maine, forms the £ limit of Cufco Bay,
and lies N E of Cape Elit.ibeth, the wcft-
ti;i limit.
SmItL; a townfliip in Wafliington co.
FcniUvlvania, h.is 1654 inhabitants.
S/Kii/j,». <:ouuty v.fTeueflee, which con-
tains 4294 inhabitants, 597 being llives.
.Vtt7/,^/if,V,afi:iall pofttown ofVirgLnia,on
r.igan CrC' k, which empties into Jamcj'
river, in Ille of Wight co. It is 8j miles S
E of Richmond, 364 S S W of Philadel-
phia, and 218 from Wafliington. The
creek is navigable for vefliils of 20 tons.
Umithfietd, a poft town, and the capital
of Johnlon co. N. Carolina, on the E fide
of Neus river, on a beautiful plain, about
too miles N W of Newbern, 25 from Ra-
leigh, 473 from Philadelphia, and 322
from Wafliington. Near the centre of
the town is an Indian burying place, once
in the form of a cone 10 feet high; 30
feet in diameter, but the people having
often dug in it for ourioOties, its elevation
now is not rnore than 5 or 6 feet.
Sfmtbfield, a very tliriving town in Trum-
bull CO. State of Ohio, on the weftern lake
of Pennfylvania, about cquidiftant from
Lake Erie and the >S line of the county,
about 65 miles W of Pittlburgh.
Smitbjield, Middle and Lower, two town-
fliips in Wayne co. Pennfylvania, contain-
»% one490,andthc othcrjgjialiabitants.
Vol. I. Bbbb
SmithftU, a townihip of Rlioda Ifl.inl
Providence co. having the btateof Mali'a-
chufetts on the N, and Cun.bcrland oa
the N £. Heie arc cxttulivtorchatdss
and great quantities of flone lime are
made, and cairicd tu Providence and
other plao^s. It contains 3120 inhabijiants.
Smithjatid, a \toi\ town in Lfvingflon co.
Kentucky, Sii I niilos from V/afliii^gton.
Smith\ Capt, the N point of the entrance
into the fea called the New Dilcovcred
Sea, and the S V/ pbint of the iilaud form-
ed by that fea or found, which communi*
cates with Hudfon's Straits. It it on the
£ fide of Hudfon's Bay. N lat. 60 48,
W Ion. 80 55.
Smith's ijlxnd, on the coaft of N. Caroli-
na. See Cupi Fear, and Bald Head,
Smith't 7/laiid, the fonthcrnniofl of the
range of itlands, in the Atlantic Ocean,
along the cuiid of Nurihamptoo and Ac-
comack counties, Virginia. It is near
the S point of Cape Charles. Here Hiips
frequently conie to anchor to wait fcr
pilots tocondu«fl them.into ChefapcakBay.
Smitli't Jjlist the range of lilands vvhicla
line the above coaft. They weie io
named in 1608, in honor of Captain John
Smith, who landed on the pcninfulit, aixl
was kindly received l>y Accomack, the
prince of the peninfula, part of vvhicU
ftill bears his name.
Smith's Jf.ond, a fmall ifland at the E
end of the illajid of Antigua, and in Ex-
change Bay. Alfo the name of an illand
in tl»e S. Pacific Ocean, difcovercd by
Lieutenant Ball, in the year 1790. ;>
lat. 9 44, W Ion. 161 54.
Smith's Point, is the fouthern limit of
the mouth of Patowmack river, on the
W fide of Ciiefapcak Bay, oppolite t!-.e
northern head land, called Point Lockout,
and in about lat. 37 54 N.
Smith's. Sec StauvicN J?/Vi?r Virginia.
Smith's Sound, on the E cociil of New-
foundland I. boiu;ded N by ^ane Bona-
vcnture.
Svtitlffld, Maine, now Litihfuld.
Siuit'Aoujn^ a finall pofl town of SufTolfc
CO. Long I. N. York, i z miles S eaflcrly of
N. York city. The townfliip is boi^nd-
ed S by Iflip, W by Himtington, N by the
Sound, and £ by Brobkhavca. It con-
tains 1413 inhaiiitants.
AWM-ivV/f, the chief town of Brunfwick
CO. N. Carolina, fituated near \\vz monih
of Cape Fear river, about 30 miles S of
Wilmington. Here Is art academy, from
which, there is a view of the ocean.
Srt'yrnu, Nc-yv^ a tJaiviiig town in E.
Bioridi.
;^^
\ pj
^■1
soc
ROD
Florida. It is fituated on a Hielly blufl',
on the W bank of tl»e S liruncli of Mof-
quito river ; about lO mile* above thy
Capes of f hat river, about 30 miles N of
Cape Canaveral, and in lat. 28 N. It !»
inhabited by a colony of Greek* and
Minorquies, eQablinied by Dr. TurnbuH.
Birlram.
Snake Indians, a tribe who inhabit tlie
S W fide of MilTouri river, in lat, about
47 N, and Ion. 107 W. 'I'he Shevetoon
Indians inhabit on theoppoiite fide of the
river.
SfKtrrs, T/jn,, clu'^rr of 7 cr-iggy iflcsin
the Houth Sea. The larg'.fl is in ht. 483
S, Ion. 1 6(> 20 E, /■^anniivm:
Siii-f(/''oro', a port town in Richmond
CO. N. Carolina, 418 miieu from Waflung-
ton.
Siieydjborouf^l), a town of Aiifon CO. N-
Cari>lina, it (i.tnd'i on the Great I'cdcc,
1 to miles aljove Georgetown, S.Carolina.
To thia place the river i» navigable.
Hiiinv Bird Lake, in N. Americii, W of
Huclfon's B:iy, i "•. miles wide from li to VV,
but from Nlo H it is much more cxteiifive.
Snnrv Jlill, a port of entry and poft town
of Maryland, and capital of Worcefter co.
fituated on the S E fide of Pokomoke
river. Here arc about 60 houl'es, a
court liimfe, and gaol, and the inhabit-
aiit< de il principally in lumber and corn,
'I'he exports for onf year, ending the 30th
of September 1704, amounted totheval-
•I'e of 4040 dollars. It is 158 mile*
from Waflvington.
Sni:a>id,<(rit, or Si'^endiiga, the W branch
of Hudfon river, runs a S and .S E couric,
and. about 15 miles from its mouth,takes
a N E dire 5lion, and joins that river about
12 or 15 miles W by N of Fort Edward.
Sic'rety T/hmds, a clufter of iflands in the
S. Paific 6cc;m. Td thefe iflands Capt.
Cook was direifted by Tupia, in 176;:
and he gave them this name in honor of
the Royal Society. They are fituated
between the latitiulei of 16 10, and 16
5 V 3, and between the longitudes of 150
57 and 152 W. 'I'hey are ' in number ;
Ifuahiiine, Uliefen, Oitjia, Bf.li.ibola, JVfourooa,
^onliafe, and 'T.ito xamnnoo or SaunJer's IJl-
rt/;c/, which is here iiicludd as being fiib-
jeiTt t ' Huaheine. Tlu: foil, the produc-
tio'\i, ihe people, their language, rclig'on,
■C'lftjTnH, and manners are fo nearly the
f;iine us at Otaheitc, that little need be
added to the account which has alnady
been given. Nature has been cjcally
bountifid in uncultivated plenty, and the
iul^abitflnts are as luxurious andai indo-
lent. \ plantain branch is the emhlcnr
of pence, and changing names the greatill
token of friendlliip. Their morals arc
ji difFcrently conllruded, though fervirj;
I the fame pur pofe*. It i» cuflomiiry togivu
I their daughters to flrangcrs who arrive
I amongft them ; but the pairs muft be f
j nights lying near each other, without pri-
I fuming to take any other librrly. On
' the 6th evening, the father of the young
wom:<n treats his guefl with food, and in-
I forms his daughter, that {lie niuft thnt
! light receive him as her hufl)and. The
! flranger mull not exprefs the leaft dilliko,
ihould the partner allotted to him be ev-
er fo difagrceable ; for this i» confidercd
i \M an unpardonable affront, and is punilh-
1 cd with ii\nant death.
I Saioniifco, a province of N. Spain, hav-
I ing Chiapa on the N, Guatamala on the
F., the N. Paciiic Ocean on the S, and
Gauxaca on the W. It is about 90 mile;
long, and almolt as broad. It does noi
produce much corn, but great tiuunliticN
of cocoa and indigo.
Hoconiifco Port, o'.i the W coaft of New
Mexico, capital of the province of Socon-
ufco, in whif 11 .ire the mountains of tlii^
I name. N lat. 15 12, W Ion. y,. 16.
I Sucora,M\ iflandon thccoaltof S. Aratr-
: ica.
; Sodu!, a bay and town on the S fide
' of Lake Ontario. The bay is about 6
or 7 miles long and a to 4 wide, and from
i it, into the lake is a fliort and narrow
' entrance. It form-i the bi rt harbour on
I this fide of the lake. It is lefs than
; half a mile acrofs at the entrance, the h.iul
! around the bay rifcs confiderably high.
When the lake is agitated by a ftorra
; the bay may be pafled fafcly in a canoe,
i veflels may anchor near the town in 2 ;
■ fathom water, on a fandy bottom, hi
■ many places a veflel of 50 tons may lie
; afloat fo near fliore as to go to it froiii
the vefTel on a plank. In this bay
j there are feveral fiiu; iflands, feme of 50
I acres, of fine foil, covered with tiinbor.
' Thei'e ifland v/ith the head land (Iretch-
j ing into the bay, aflbrd a profpeiil: from
the town, which for rithncfs and beaiify
I is feldom equalled. A body of chocolate
I marble, which receives a good polifli, hits
I been difcovered on Marble Creek, which
runs into thi.s bay. The town, in which
I are 4' 6 inhabitants, fl.-'.nds 0:1 a
I riling ground on the W point of the hay,
I having the lake like an ocean on the N,
'.48 miles N of Geneva. Little Sodut bap
I i» about 1% mili-» Iv of Great Sodus.
Soil Cm
fiolunpo,
13 mileti .'-
SoLir Ai
of Peru, i
of Pachac:
Suldicr\
ifland of
Moon r.ay
Scilci'ury,
fylvania,'h.-
■Uidad, t
hare footed
.1 leagues ^
doled with
in coiupHfi
monafifry
rocks, in w
oratorittj.
ards anu'les
choiceft Eui
vincial Cha]
Solodnd Pc
crnmoft of
merly called
"f the harbf
W Ion. and i
Solimncs.
Solomon s I
fir lup of ifla
of which, the
lie about i8j
coaft of Per
Guiii'-a, hetw
Paris, and bet
were h'rft difr
^rft voyage i
fcription of tl
cipal ones be
SO to 300 Ic
fide n.any of
thefe iflands i
the inhabitan
«iit fliades fr
principal of tl
(which fee ) Si
colas, Florida,
4Wo/i,a mili
Onondago co.
embraces Pol
was incorpcra
Sombrera, Soi
defort idand i
miles N W (»
'f'lgiieeach wa
'•'paiiiards, froi
N Ian 8 38, V
a"f on Barbm
'^ome/fdyt, /',
"UCflce i}[ the 1
emWtnr
» greiittil
iials an*
L fervir;;
ry to give
1(1 itrrive
luft be 5
hout pri-
ty. Oil
he yoiinj;
il, and in-
iiuft tlmt
id. 'I'lic
aft difllkc,
lim be ev-
conlidend
ia punilli-
Ipain, hav-
ala on tlic
the S, and
jt 90 mllfi
t does mil
; quanlitici
ift of New
e of Socon-
::iias of thi^
i,< 16.
:ofS.Amtr-
thc S fide
is about 6
e, and from
nd narrow
harbour on
is lefs than
ice, the h'.iid
irably higli-
bv a ftor'"
in a canoe
town in 2;
Hjttom. '11
ons may lie
to it Ironi
n this bay
feme of jo
Hlh tiinbi-r.
^and (trctch-
ol'iicCl: from
and beauty
of chocolate
polifli, hits
teek, which
n, in which
nds on a
of the bay,
on the N,
\le Sodus bay
Sodus>
SOM
Sail Cm'f, a village on Dcfcrt I. Maine.
.Wtrr>|ro, all i Hand on the cooft of Peru,
12 mile*. S of J'ort Callo.
Sol.ir Alorr'), or Cifr S(,l,ir, on tlie coaft
of Peru, is (1 miles N by Wof the roclc*
of Pachacania off the port of Oallao.
Sol./ui'j (rut, on the N E coalt of tlic
idand of St. Chriftoplier's, E of Half
Moon r.ay, and (hrill Churcli.
Sdla'/jry, a towiifliip in liuck's .CO. Pci.n-
fylvania, has 1524 inhabitants.
S'Jiiftiif, III, or tlie Defdtt, a cloifter of
bare footed Carmelites ; fituated on a hill,
.^ ieagtie^i N W of the city of Mexico, en-
cloled with a hiyh Qonc w.ill fevcn leajjues
in coiiipari. The hill, on which tlie
monafltry ftands, is furrounded with
rocks, in which they liavc dug cavei for
oratorifc-j. Here arc gardens and orch-
ards smiles in compafs, fdled with llie
choiceft Kuropean fruit t-ecs. 'I'lie pro-
vincial Chapter of the Order is held here.
SoloJnd Port, on the E fidc of tlic eaft-
ernmoft of the Falkland iflands, was for-
merly called Port I.ouis. The inner part
of the harbour lies in the 57th degree of
W Ion. and in S lat. 51 50.
Solimoes. See JlLic/era Eivir.
Solomons JJlf, or Landof the Jlrfaades, a
gr lup of illands concerning the exiflcncc
of which, there lias been much difpute,
lie about 1850 Spanifli leagues W of the
coaft of Peru, in the vicinity of New
Guiica, between 154 and 160E Ion. from
Paris, and between 6 and la Slat. I'licy
were firft difrovercd by Mcndan;i, in his
iirft voyage in 1567. Hcrrera,iii !iis dc-
fcription ofthefc in.and9, reckons 18 prin-
cipal ones belonging to the group, Ircm
50 to 300 leagues in circumfcreuce, be-
fide r.any of a fmallcr fize. The air of
thefe i (lands is falubrious, the foil fertile,
tie inhabitants numerous, and of difler-
eut {liades from white to black. 'J'hc
principal of tliefc illands arc, fit. Ifabelia,
(which fee ) St. George, St. Mark, St. Ni-
colas, Florida, the I'^and of Pahns, &c.
iVo//, a military tovvnfliip of N. York,
Onondago co. has .^70 inliabitants. It
embraces Solon and Cincinnatus, and
was incorporated in 1794.
Somhrera., Smnbaiicra , or Sonhhro, a fmall
defon idand in the W. ladies, aiiout 18
miles N W of Angtiilla. li is about a
Icii^iip eacli way, and is thus called by the
Spaniards, from its refemblance to a hat.
N laf. 18 ,38, V^ Ion. 63 37. It is depend-
ant on Barbuda.
Some/fiyi, Fo/, a Dutch fort at the con-
/!uc;jce of the li vcr Commewine and Cot-
1
SON
tica ; the latter being an arm of Surrinan
river.
Sinter', 11 li.wnfliip of Connetflicut, on
thc'N lint ol'loUana to. wiiich Icparates
It froni Maflacluiictti. It (onlaiiiS 1354
inhabitants, and is 24 miles N L of IIart«
ford.
Swierfet, tovnfliip in Wafliin^ton co.
Pcnnfylvania, h;:s i;,ai inhabitants.
.V /i, •/./, a tovviilhip of Vermont, W'ind-
h..:.i ... 10 or 1 i miles NH of i3eniiington,
has 130 inhabitants.
tioiii,rJ\t, a p;)(t town of r.Iaflaehfuctts,
Briftol CO. on Taunton R, It was incoi-
porate<l in 1790,301! contains 123* in-
habitants. It is 9 inik's E of Warren in
Rhode llk'.nd, and £,() foutherly of Bofloiu
Somtiftt, a well cultivated co. oi N. Jcr-
fey, on the N fide ol the great road from
N.York to I'hiladilphia. The foil, ef-
pccially on Raritau K. .ind its blanches,
is good, and protluccs good crops of wheat,
of which great quantitie->are aiiiiually ex-
ported. It is divided into 6 townllsips,
which have 3 churches lor Pitft^ tei iaii:.,
5 for the Dutch Reformed, i for Durcli
Lutherans, and i for Anabapiills. It con-
VMiv iz,8i5 inhabitants, iutludiiig 1S63
flaves.
Sif.ierfi/, the CTpital of the abuvc co.
fituated on the W lidc tf Alillftont R. I(
contains a court hoiife. gaol, and a'.jout ,';j
houfes. It id 13 miles N \V of N. Bruiil-
v.'ii'k.
uv.icf.t, a CO. of Maryh-nd, hounded E
ly the Rate of Dclawai c and Worccfhcr
CO. W by the waters 01' Chi'l.ipcak Liiy.
It tonti'ins I7,,':';u inlinbitants, iiicludin,;
7<133 Haves W alhingtou Academy, in
this CO. w'K inft.'tiittd by law in 1 779. It
was founded, nnd is fiippiirtcd by vohiii-
tary fnb;'ciiplions aiul jirivate donations;
is authoiifcd to receive gifts and le"acic',
: nd to hold aooo acres of land. •
KiiiHitfct, a CO. of Peni.fylvaiiia, bounded
N ly IIiintiiigdon,and K by Alleghany co.
in Maryland, and i \ divided into 13 tovfU-
fhip-, and ctmtaiiis I0,i88 irdiabitam-.
f:c:ni-rf.:t, a poft town in Somerfet co.
Pennfylvania, 189 miles from W.ilhiii^ton.
It lias 143X inhabitants.
Somerfni<o)th,vi townlhip of Strafford CO.
N. Hainpfliire, containing 032 inhabit-
ants. It was taken from IJ .ver, from
which it lies adjoining to the N E, and
incorporated in 1754. A dreadful llorm
of thunilcr and lightning happened here
in May, 1779.
Son.crs IJIeS' See Ecrmuda.
Scrro River, in Maine, is formed by 2
branches
m.^:'
sou
sou
brandies which unite in Raymond town,
alvmt .; mile^ fnun acb.igo Pond. The
loii}]ofl hranch rilc^ in (Jrcc'iil.ind,!il>out 3
milfii from Ann rifcogwin R. where h a
pond rifled .S'o/i|T/j J'om/, X mile* long.
Thib rtri um,^ which purfncs a fouthcrly
courfe for at'lead 70 miles, is fo Jrcn from
rapids, that timber may he hroupht con*
▼eniently from within' a few miles of its
head. The other branch comet from
Waterford and Suncook, and pafles
through a number of fmall ponds ; then
falling into Long PoitJ, it proceeds through
Br/iiiiy Pendf and meets the other branch.
It is boatable its whole length, 35 miOt.
See Orau^etovm or GreenlanJ, and Stiago
JPanJ
Snnnra, a fubdivlfiop of the S divifion of
N. Mexico, in N. America. Chief town,
Tuiipe.
Seiifantrtt, 9 fca port town and bay on
the coaft of Mexico.
Sopbiajburgb' Toivojiip^ in Prinre Ed-
w;u-d f o. U. Canada, lies N W of Hal-
lo well, and in the bay of Quriite.
ScrrelXtver, the outlet of Lake Cham- |
plain, which after a rourfe of about 69
miles N, empties into the river St. Law-
rence, in N Ut. 46 io, and Ion, 71 ij W.
Sorrel Tort, built by tho Frrnrh, is at the
■wcdern point of the mouth of this river.
Sofnvfnto, a name applied to the Lefl'er
Antilles, in the W. hidie^. Among thefe,
ihe chief may be reckoned Trinidad, Mar-
garetta, Cur.aflbu and Tortugas.
S:invtnto I o':os,ot LetTvard Ifland of ^ea
JVolvci or Stalt, on the coaft of Peru, is 7
leagues from the Barlevento Lobos, or
Windward Ifland of Sea Wolves. It is
i hout 6 miles in circuit, and 15 miles from
C.ipe Aguja.'
^'•ii'rhjkool; a flream which enters Pc-
roblcnt on the W ftde in the town of
rlaiiic'.iaj.
lyciicya-.v.int'.iiera, a Canadian fcttlemcnt,
in l;it. 47 17 30 N.
•Siuih, a Ibort river of Anne Arundel co.
!M;iry land, which runs cr.ftcrly into Chef-
apcaic Eny. Its moutli is about 6 miles
."^ of Annp polls city, and is navigable for
veirt'Is of burden 10 or la miles.
■''c, ,',') An-hoy, a townfliip of N. Jerfcy,
Muldlclex CO. and contained in 1790,
■267.6 ihha'ii'tanls.
Fmiib jltiierica, like Africa, is an exten-
sive peiiin('i)Jri, cottnefted with N. Amer-
ica by the Ifthinus of D.irien, and divided
between Spain, Portugal, France, Holland,
and the Aborig'nos a« follows ■ Si.ain
claims Terra Firma, Pern, Chili, and
Paragu.-iy, the Puttugnf/t, Brazil ; the
Fttnil), Cayenne; the /'«/i/j,niitrh Guiana;
and the y/4or/ir/««,oroiiginal natives, Am-
azonia and Patagonia. It extends from
al«)ut lat. 12 N, to 54 S, or further if Ter-
ra del Fucgo be included. The kngth is
3960 gec)^. miles, the breadth a8So. This
p:vrt of America was probably peopled
from Africa. The religion, excepting the
Dutch territory and a few tribes of lav-
ages, is Roman Catholic. The fouthern
part of S. America expcricnc ck fcvcrc
froflt, and almofl perpetual winter. In
the torrid zone, fo lofty are the mountains,
that the greatcfl inconvenience in the ex-
treme cold-of the mountains, and moidure
of the plains. In Peru the fummer is dry
and cold. S. America has no inland feas,
and few lakes. In Amazonia and Brazil
there are none. Titicaca in Peru is the
mod important piece of water in this
part of the continent, its figure is oval,
140 miles in circumference, the deftli, 70
or 80 fathoms. Amazon is the greuteft
river in the world, itslength is 3300 miles,
in fome parts no bottom is fpund with a
line of 103 fathoms. Oronoco ij a nnbie
river. I'hc mountains are the mofl lofty
on the globe ; volcanoes, fublimc and
terrible, are numerous. The extent of
the Andes is 4600 miles, Chimborozo, 100
miles S of Quito is 30, 180 feet .tbove the
level of the fea, about 5000 feet higher
than MoDt Blanc, the highed mountain of
theoldworld. Catopaxi,a volcano, 3 j miles
S E of Quito is 18,600 feet high. There
are belide the Andes, 3 other remarkable
chains of mountains, that of the Northern
coaft between 9 ain^ 10 N lat. that of
Parima from 3 to 7 N' lat. and that of
Chiquitos between 15 anil 30 S lat. The
general height of the firft chain is from 6
to 800 toife*. Several of \i% fummits are
perpetually covered with fho^, and often
pnnr down torrents of boiling, fulphureous
water. 1'he fecond range of parima is
little known. It ftretches from the Andes
E near Popayan, and form* cataraAs in
the ■ Oronoco, 'Lat. 5 N. The third
chain unites the Aiides of Peru aiid Chili
with the mountains' of Brazil and Par-
aguay. The higheR fdmmits are between
lat. 15 and 30 S.' 'The chief cities in the
Spanifh government ate Lima, Buenos
Ayres, and Bogota. RiO J^iero is the.
capital ofthe Portuguefe province of Bra-
zil. From Buenos Ayres there is a pod
road with convenient relays of horfes and
rarriages to Perifc PMtrtou.
imtbatnptsn.
Snrithamfilo
South y!n,i,i
river, in Vir
Painunky ri\
South Jl'iy,
plain, which
extends itfclf
At the Orai
iitke it recci\
Southborou^l.
e:i(lern part o
fctts, incorpo
inhabitants,
Boflon.
South BoJIoH^
Virginia, on t
South Bran,
Hudlbn's Ba
fituatcd on
river.
South Brimfi
chufctts, Ham
F* of Northan
Bofton. It wa
conta%is 774
Southhury, ;
Lltchlicld ro.
and 51 N W
inhabitants.
South Carotin
of America ; h
N W by Ten,
Ocean ; 8 and
and a branch
Tugulo river,
from Georgia.
35 8 N lat. an
Ion. from Lond
300 miles, in I
34,080/quare
above the falh
between the f
was divided ii
Btaufort, and Gi
\y called the i
5'*, IVafiinpon,
*»»■», and Cbern
fer Country. T
ly been forme,
judicial diftridls
Diflriai.
1 Charlefton,
3 Colleton,
3 Beaufort,
4 Georgetown
5 Orangeburg
6 Sump;er,
7 Marion,
8 Barnwell,
S York,
ill, anci
il ; the
iGuixnH;
VC3, Ara-
ilft from
r if Ter-
kngth is
So. Tlii»
peopled
ptin^, tliu
s of f»v-
fouthem
ck fcvcrc
nter. In
lountains,
in the ex-
1 moifture
Tier i» dry
land feas,
iiul Qruzil
em is tlie
it in thit
e is ov!i1,
AvftU, 70
he grcateft
J300 miles,
ind with a
I is a noble
moft lofty
iblimc and
extent of
ioror.o, 100
above the
:eet higher
jiountain of
10, 15 miles
(h. There
remarkable
Northern
lat. that of
id that of
lat. The
is from 6
immits are
L and often
[ulphureotis
^arima is
.the Andes
•atara<ft» in
The third
and Chili
il and Par-
re between
jities iti the
ja, Buenos
liero is the
[nee of Bra-
■e is a poft
liorfes and
'Mtrton.
'■ititbawpioX'
SOU
SnulhttmploH, S».t SoiuIj IT.imfihn.
Soiilb yln,i,i, a br.inch of Nc^rth Anna
river, in VirgiiiLi, which tw^jctlicr li»rm
Pamuuky river.
Souili hiy, in an arm of I. alee Clnm-
plain, whirh I'rum the S iiul ot' tlic lake
extends itfclf in a S wcQcily dircdtion.
At the flruit wlkcrc it iinitcn with liie
litke it receive* Wodd crcok from the 3.
Soutliborough, a fmall toxviifhi)) in the
ea(\crn part of Worccllcr co. Miflachu-
fctts, incorporated in 1717. contains 871
inhabitants, and is 30 miles W by S of
fiollon.
South BoJIon, a fmall tQwn In Halifax ca
Virginia, on the N iVde ot Dan river.
South Blanch Hju/ft a flation of the
Hudlbn's Bay Company, in N. America, 1
fitUHtcd on the £ fide of Satkafliawan i
river.
S'liiih Bnmfuilt a townfhip of Malfa-
chufctts, Hamplliire co. about 35 miles S
R. of Northampton, and 80 wcftcrly of
Boflun. It was incorporated in 176a, and
contaftis 774 inhabitants.
Southitiry, a town of Conn^illicut,
Litchfield ro. ao, miles N E of Danbiiry,
and 51 N W of Hartford. It has 1757
inhabitants.
South Carolina, one of the Vnibed States
of America ; bounded N by N. Carolina ;
N W by Teneflee ; E by the Atlantic
Ocean ; 8 and S W by <Savann»li river,
and a branch of its head waters, called
Tugulo river, which divides thiii State
from Georgia. It lies between 31 and
35 8 N lat. and between 78 and 81 W
Ion. from I.ondop. It is in length about
AGO miles, in breadth 125, and contains
a4«o8o/quarc miles, 9570 of which lie
»J>ove the falls of the rivers, and 14,5x0
between the falls and the Atlantic. It
vpas divided into 9 diflrid^s, Chaiiejton,
Btaufort, and Georgetown condituting what
n called the Loiver Count ry, and Ninety
Six, IVaJbiHTton, Pinchney, Camden, Orarl^e^
hurg, and Chem-w diftriifts, called the Up-
fer Country. Thcfe 9 diftriAs have late-
ly been formed into a6 fubdivifions, or
judicial diflridts, whirh follow.
Dijtriat. 'Total Inhabitant^.
1 CharleOon, 57.486
a Colleton, a4i903
SOU
3 Beaufort,
4 Georgetown,
5 Orangeburg,
6 Sump;cr,
7 Marion,
8 Barnwell,
%o,4i8
«C',33»
I5.'6^
6,914
7,376
19,148
S/avet,
41.945
ao,47i
16,031
15,860
5?356
1,690
1,804
in Chcftpr,
8,185
M<i4
It rairlij.l,
10,097
i.yf'S
It Laiirons
ia,Ho9
»,»'»
Ij IVniJIeton,
ai->,o5»
a,a»4
14 CirecnvilL-,
• 1,504
1.4.19
15 Spart;ini)urgh,
it.iaa
1,467
1 6 Union,
>o.JJi
1,697
17 Egefield,
18,1 JO
3,006
18 Abbeville,
i.r55.'»
a,964
19 Richland,
6,097
3,0J1
ao Lancafler,
5.01*
1,076
at Kcrfliaw,
7..140
a J 30
aa Newberry,
I a, 006
2,10.%
aj Cheftcrfield,
5.2' 6
1,148
a4 Marlborough,
5«».?»
1,395
a5 Darlington,
7,6.;?
a,33*
a6 Horry,
a,6o6
0,708
,^45,59» »46.i5r
Th£ militia of the ftatc is divided into
two divilinns ; each commiinded by a
M.n jor General. 'Vhefc divifions c« mpre-
hend 9 brigades, 39 rej-imcnfs of infantry,
8 r(,gimentR, and a fquadron of cavalry,
and one regiment and batallion of artillery,
belidc artillery companies attached to
fome regiments of infantry. The whole
include 35,785 men. This ftate is water-
ed by many navigable rivers, the princi-
pal of which arc Savannah, EdiHo, Santrc,
Pedee, am} their branches. I'he .Santee
is the largeft river in the Hate. Thofe of
a fecondary fi/c, as you pafs from N t»
S, arc Wakkamaw, Black, Copper, Aflie-
poo, and Combahce rivers. In the third
clafs arc comprehended thoOe rivers which
extend but a lliort diftancc from theocean,
and ferve, by branching into numberlefs
creeks, as drains to carry oftthe rain wa-
ter which comes down from the large in-
land fwamps, or are merely arm^ of the
fea. The tide in no psrt of the flate,
flows above 25 miles from the fea. A ca-
nal of ai miles in length, conneding
Cooper and Santee rivers, is completed,
which coft £150,000 (lerling ; the com-
pany are allowed to rai:e a toil of 25 per
cent, on the fum adtually expended. It
is 35 feet wide at top, 20 at the bottom.
It is death by the law for any man will-
fully to brcalc or deftroy any part of it.
Another canal is ibon to be begun to unite
the Edido with Afliley. Several compa-
nies are incorpcrated fpr the improve-
ment of inland navigation. It is alfo iit
contemplation to make a waggon road
from the fettlements in S. Carolina, over
the mountains to Knoxville, in Teneflee ;
and a fum of money has been v<»ted frtr
that purpofc. The only harbour: of note,
are
i
I
^ mi
• /
sou
•rethofc of Cna.lefton, Port R(iyal,and
Georgttowii. ') he climate is diftVrent in
clillerint parfc of tlic Hate. Along the
fca coafl, l)iiii)U3 dile-ifes and fevers of
Various kinds arc prevalent between
July and Oilober. Tiie jrobability of
dying is mucli greater bet wen the 2Cth
of June and tlic 7.0th o'' Odlober,
than in the other ti;]ht months in the
year. One caufc of thcfe diftal":..-., is, a
low marlliy country, whiili is jvtrflt)vved
for the fake of cultivating rirc. The cx-
h;ilaiions from thefe ll.tf .atcd wtters,
from the rivers, and from the neighbour-
ing ocean, and the profufc perfpiration
of vej^ctabk.i of ail ki;i(ls, wliicli corer
the ground, fill the air wiih moiflurc.
Ihis nioi(hire falls in frrqncnt rains and
copious dews. From ai^u d obforvation,
it h\s been found that the average annu-
al fall of rain, for ten years, \v;;s 4.'- inchr s,
without regardingthemoiftnre tliat fell in
fogs and dews, I'iie great heat of tjjc day
reLxes the body, and the agreeable cool-
iiefs of the evening invites to an expofnre
to thefe heavy dews. But not only docs
the water on the low grounds aiid rice
fwanips become in a degree putrid, and
emit an unwholefomft^apour, but when
it is dried up or drawn off from the fur-
fare of the ground, aquantityof wi :.'dsand
gr^fs which have been rotted by the wa-
ter, and animals and iifli whicli have been
riellroytd by it, are expofcd to the intenfe
heat of tlic fiui, ;ind help to inl'cdl the
air with a quantity of poifonous eflluvia.
^V'itilin the limits of Charlelhm, the cafe
is vcy diiTirent, and the danger of con-
tracting difeafes arifes from indolence
and txcel's. Though a reftdcnce in or
near the fwampj is very injurious to
liealth, yet it has been fati-.fa«i1orily <*r- ;
ccrtained, that by removing three miles ;
from them, into t!ie jjine land which oc- ]
fjipies the middle ground between the ;
rivers, an exemption from autumnrd fc- '
vers may Ijc obtained, 'i'hc difagrceiMc |
tfffcflri of this climate, experience has •
proved, mi{»ht in a ('.reatmcafurebeavoid-
fd; by thofe inhabitants wliofe ciruniftan- '
CCS will admit of their removal from the
neigbourhood of the rice fwamps, to
jiealthicr fituations, during the moiitiisof
July, Augart, Stptcmbsr and Oclohcr ;
and in the worft lituations, by tempcr-
jnce ind care. Violent excrcil'conhorfc-
back chiefly, expofnre to the meridian
r'lypof ihefun,fuddenfliow€rs of rain, and
the night air, are too frcqmntly tlu> canfcs
pf fevers and other diibrUwrs;. Wculd the
SOU
fporlfmen deny themftlvcs, during the
f.ill months, theirfavouritc aniuiVmtntsof
hunting and iilhing, or confine thcmlelvcs
to a very few hours, in tJie morning or
evening ; would the induftrious planter
vifit his fields only at the fame hours;
or wouirl the poorer clafs of people pay
due attention to their manner of iiviiiy,
aiidobitrve the precautions recommend-
ed t(j them by men of knowledge and ex-
perience, much lickiiefs and many dil-
treding events miyht be prevented. The
upper country, liiuatcd in the medium
becween extreme heat and cold, is ai
healthful as any part of the U. States.
Tlie mountains are ranged in regular di-
rt-iflions. The climate is agrecatilc ; thi;
foow is fcldom more than an inch deep,
thawing at the firlt appearance of the fun,
Sometimes ihe pondi permit Hiding and
flcating. Vegetation commences in Ixlj,
The maple, the willow and alder firfl ;
foon after the plumb and peach tre/s arc
in bloffom. Hurricanes and ftorn's are
not unfrequent in tliis climate, Ejcciit
the high hills of Saiitce, the Ridge, and
lonie lew other hills, this country is like
one cxteniive plain, till you reach the
Tryon and Hog'wck Mountains, 2:0
milts N W of Charlefton. There is ex-
hibit! d from the top of thcfe mountains
an extenfive view of this fiate, N. Caro-
lina, and Georgia, And as no o^yeifl in-
tervenes to oblirut^ the view, a man with
t:lcfci)pic eyes mi^hl difeern vefTels at fca.
The mountains W and N W rife much
higher th.T.11 tiiefe, and form a ridge, which
divides tiie waters of 'I'eneflce and Sanr.
tee rivers. The fea eoafl m bordered
with a chain of fine fea ifl. < ds, around
which the fea flows, opening nn excellent
inland navigation, for the conveyance of
produce to market, Nof Charlellon har-
i)our, lie Eull's, Dewce's and Sullivan's
i (lands, which form the N part of the
harbour, James' ifland lies on the other
fide of the harbour, oppofitc Ciiarlefhin,
containing about 50 families. Further S
W is John's ifland, larger than James';
Stono river, which forms a convenient
and fafe harbour, divides thefe illanda,
<^ontignot!s to John's ifland, and connee^-
ed with it by a bridge, is Wadmelaw ; li
of which are the fmall ifles of Keywaw
and Simmon. Bttwecn thefe and Ediflo
Ifland, isN, Ediflo inlet, which alfo alFon >
a good harbour for velVelsofeafy riraitui
water, .S of EdifVo Ifland is S. Ediflo Inii t
thronghwhich cnter,from the northw.irri
all the vcflels bound to Ecaufort, Aflte--
poo, Com!:
5 W fide o
ter of ifla
which is Pc
Royal lie
Paris Ifland
6 in numbe
called from"
wild game fi
iflands, and
long to St, K
river, you ct
fouthern fea
SWofHiltoi
Dawfulkics',
between wh
Caliboqie ri'
the outlet of
foil on thef(
adapted toth
ton than the
The natural
which is lb e)
the palmetto
of \vhieh, in
was (xpcrien
M(o fmall pii
tie, wild olive
and coarfe fa
morefcrtHe p
oik, hickory,
The whole ftai
100 miles fron
»"?;, is low an
ftnne, and abo
ly on and ne;
or marflics, wl
tivated, jield,
averafje, an am
no dollars for c
"'ore ; but thi
cultivated by ^
gering both liea
do not cover
ftiite of Carolin
gradml afcent
land rifcs abou
proceed in u W
'on, commence
ti-y- The travel
or defccnding I
fure fcems to h
'fa pretty high
fdiand transfor
vety form the
ment of transfo
the eye with fm
Some little herb
grow on this ft
ftWf and have b
sou
sou
poo, Combahcc, and Coofaw. On t)ie
5 W fide of St. Helem lllanJ lies a cluf-
ler of idands, one of the Ijrgell of
which is Port Royal. Adjacent to Port
Royal lie St. Helena, L.ndies Ifiand,
Paris Ifland, and the Hunting Ulanda 5 or
6 in number, bordering on the ocean, fo
calkd from'thc number of deer and otiier
wild game found upon thfm. Ail thcfe
iflands, and fomc others of lefs note, be-
long to St. Helena parifli. Crolfing Broad
river, you tome to Hilton Head, the niofl
fouthcrn fea ifland in Carolina. W .tikI
& Wof Hilton H.id, lie Pinckney's, Bull's,
Dawfulkics', and fome fmallcr illands,
between which and Hilton Hu-:id, arc
Calibo<»ie river and found, wliicb form
the outlet of May and Ntw rivers, 'i'hc
foil on thcfe ifl'^inds isgtnerally better
a<lapted to the culture of indigo and cot-
ton than the main, and lefs fuitcd to rice.
The natural growth is the live oak,
which is fo excellent for fliip timber ; and
the palmetto or cabbage tree, the utility
of which, in the conftrudtiou of forts,
was experienced during the late war.
Alio fmall pines, b ly tries, eedar, myr-
tle, wild olive, pi ickly pear, feafule oats,
and coarfe faline gralles. Other fpots
more fcrtite produce white, red and live
oik, hickory, faffafras, elm and laurel.
The whole ftate, to the diflanic of 80 or
100 miles from the fta, generally fpeak-
ing, is low and level, alniott without a
flone, and abounds more or lefs, efpccial-
ly on .ind near the rivers, with fwamps
or marflics, which when clc;'.red and cul-
tivated, jield, in favourable fe;tfons, on
average, an annual income- of from 20 to
40 dollars for each acre, and often much
more ; but this fprcies of foil cannot be
cultivated by white men, without endan-
gering both healthand life. Thcfe fwamps
do not cover an Inuidrcdth part of the
(late of Carolina. In this diftance, by a
jrradml afcent from the fei coa!!, the
land rifes about 190 feet. Here, if you
proceed in h W N W couife from Charlef-
ton, commences a curiotifly uneven coun-
try. The traveller is conftantty afeending
or defcending little fand hills, which na-
ture fecms to have difunited in a frolic.
If a pretty high fea were fuddcniy arreft-
ed, and transformed into f^nd hills, in the
veiy form the waves csiftcd at the mo-
ment of transformation, it would prefent
the eye with fuch a view as is here fccn.
Some little herbage, and a few fmall pines,
grow on this foil. The inliabitants are
few, and have but a fcanty fubiiAcace on
corn and fwect jiotatoes, whicligrow here
tolerably well. Yet fertile veins of land
upon' a clay or marl foundation occa-
fionally interfei51: thtfe barrens, produc-
ing wliite and red oak, cliefnut oak, lliort
leaved pine, gum, hickory, elm, beech,
walnut, maple and many otiier kinds of
wood, which love a generous foil. This
curio'is country continues till you arrive
at a place caILd the PMjc, 140 miles from
CharUflon. This rid^'c is h remarkable
trad of hi^Ii j^niund, ;•» jou .tpproach it
from the fea, but level as ycm advance N
W from its fuuimit. It is a fiue, high,
I eaitliy lult of land, well watered, aud of a
g'.iod foil, and extends from tl>t oavanuah
•'1 Broad riv( r,in about 6 30 W Ion. froni
Philadelphia. Ijeyoud tliis rid^'c, com-
miuccsa touutiy cxaiftly rcfen.b'ing the
iu)rtliern States, or like Devonlliire in
Ku'^land, or i.anguedoc in France. Here
hills and dales, with ail their verdure and
variegated bciuity, prcfent tliemlcives to
the lye. Wheat fields, which are rare
in the low country, begin to grow com-
mon. Here Heaven hiis bellowed iti
bkilings with a nn.fl bounteous hand-
Thc .iir is much more temperate and
healtl'ful than nearer the fea. Tlie hills
are covered with valuable woods, the
vallies watered with beautiful livtrs.and
the fertility of ihc foil is tqua! to every
vegetable produ^ition. Tliis, by way of
dillimition, is called the Ujf:r Cnyniry,
where are dit]erent modes and dilfercnt
articles of cultivation ; where the man-
ners of the people, and even their lan-
guage have a dltTcrent tone. The land
ftill rifes by a gradual afcent ; each fnc-
cceding hill overlooks tli.it which imme-
diately precedes it, till, having advanced
2S0 mik.3 in a N \V direClion from
Charlcdon, the elevation of the land
above the fea co;ift, is found by menfura-
tion to be 800 feet. litre commences a
mountainous country, which continues
rifmg to the wcflern terminating point
o( this flate. The mountains are ranged
in regular dirctSlions. Of the particular
fummits 1'Mf mounhrit is the niofl remark-
able. It rifes in Pendleion dirtridt, Wof
the S fork of Saluda river, 4 or jinilet
from the N boundary of the flate. It it
3168 feet higher th;.n the furrounding
country, probably 43CO above the ocean.
On one hde is a precipice of fulld rock,
900 feet perpendicular ; the valley helow
is equally deep on that fide, making the
height of the chafm 6 or 800 yard-'. Weft-
ward aad feparatcd only by u valley rifet
the
' i'k-'S,
■.'{ ■«,!'
'* .1
•ti
Ni'i-
sou
SOXS
the lofty Colenoy. In the fame diftridl
the Occonnee mountain Hfts its fumniit j
ur 600 yards above the adjacent lands.
From Paris':* mountain i» a delightful
profpedl. Much iron ore and a fpecimen
<>rgoid have been found here. Near its
liafc is a fulphur fpi'ing of ftrong powers.
The fuil may be divided iflto four kinds ;
Jlrjl, the pine ban en, which is valuable
Dniy for its timber. Intcrfperfcd among
the pine barren, are traifls of land fr< e of
timl)cr and tvcry kind of growth but
that of grafs. TluTc fr.idU are called
Suviumas, conflitutiuj^ a /f. i>/(^kiiid of foil,
jood for grazing. 'J'hc tJ !rJ kind 'u that
of the fwamps aikd low ,;round« on llu-
rtver>, which is :< iclxtiirc of black loam
nnd fat clay, prod'^rin^ naturally cants
in great t>t«.nty, cyj/^.l-*, br.ys, loL)li)lly
pines, 5ic-. In theft fwannis.rict is (.iilti-
Vated, wliicli conflitutcs the Oapie coni-
jnodity of the (tale. The hi^h land.s
commonly known by tiie name of oak,
and hickory lands, conflltutt the fourth
kind of foil. The natural growth is oak,
hickory, walnut, pine, and locuft. On
thefe lands, in the low country, art culti-
vated Indian corn priiucipally ; and in
the back country, bcfide thcfc, they raift
tobacco in Urge quantities, wheat, rye,
barley, oats, hemp, flax, and cutuui.
From experiments which have been made,
it is well afecrtained that olives, (ilk, and
madder may be as abundantly produced
in S. Carolina, and we may add in Geor-
gia alfo, as in the S of France. There is
little fruit in this ftate, cfpecially in the
lower parts of it. They iiave oranges,
^vhich arc chiefly four, and figs in plenty,
a few limes and lemons, ponu-granales,
pears, and peaches ; apples are fearct, and
arc imported from the northern ftatts.
Melons, cfpecially the water mtllon,are
raifed here in great pcrfetStion. The riv-
er fwamps, in which rice can bt culti-
Tatcd with any tolerable dcgi ee of fafety
and fuccefs, do not extend higher up the
rivers than the head of the tides ; and in
cdimatiug the value of this fpeeiibof rice
land, the height which the tide rifcs is
taken into confideration, thofe lying
wherj it rifes to a proper pitch for over-
flowin}' the fwamps being the mod vaiua-
Lle. The bed inland fwamps, which con-
(litutc a fecond Ipccies of rice l.md, arc
Ijich ae are fumidted with rcferveu of wa-
ter. Thefe referves arc formed by means
of large banks throv/n up at the upper
parts of the fwamps, M'hencc it is convey-
ed, when needed, to (he £eld« of rice
At the diftance of about i to miiet from
the fea, the river fwamps terminate, and
the high lands extend quite to the rivers,
and form banks, in fume places, feveral
hundred feet high from the furface of
the water, and afford many cxteniivc and
delightful views. Thefe high banks avo
interwoven with layers of leaves, and dif-
ferent coloured earth, and abound with
quarries of free ftone, pebbles, flint, ei yf-
tals, iron ore in abundance, filver, lead,
fulphur, ,ifKl co;.ri': diamonds. The
fwamps, ibovc the head of Ike tide, are.
ocealionaliy planted with cofii, coiloii,
and indigo. The foil is very rich, yicld-
in^^ Irom 40 to 50 hiifhtis of corn an at re.
It is curious to ohl'crve the grauat'uns
from the lea coafl to tlic upper couiiuy,
with relpci.1 to the jirodin c, the niodf:
of < ullivation, and tlie euliivators. On
the iilaridbupoTi the lea coaft, and for 4^o
or "JO miles back, and on t!ie rivers nuicii
farther, the cultivator* are all flaves. Mo
white man, to fpcak generally, ever tiii; io
of fettling -x farm, and improving it ur
himfelf, without negroes; if he has no
negroes, he hires himfelf as ovcrfeer to
loiiie rich planter, till he can pure!; ifc
for himfelf. The articles cultivated r.rc
corn, rye, oats, tveiy fpecics of pulit,
and potatoes, which with the fmall
rice, are food for the ne;;ro'.s ; rice,
inc!ij:;o, cotton, and fome hemp, lor expor-
tation. The culture of eottoa is rapaiilc
of being incrcafed equal to almoft any de-
mand. The foil was cultivated, till late-
ly, almoil wholly by manual labour.
I'he plough, till llnce the peace was fearce-
ly uftd. Now the plough and harrow, a.id
other improvements are introduced into
the rice fwamps with great fueeels, and
will no dou1)t become general. In the
middle fettlciTients, negroes are not fo n
merous. Tiie mafler attends pcrfon.'.liy
to his own bulinefs. The land is not
properly iituated for rice. It produces
tolerable good indigo weed, and lome to
bacco is railed for exportation. Tlie
fanner is contented to raife corn, pe.i;.-
toes.oats, rye, poultry, and a little wheat
In tiie upper ecmntvy, there are but fnv
negroes ; generally f'pcaking, the farmcri
have none, and depend, like the inlubil-
ants of the northern (tales, upon the l.i
hour of themfclves and families for I'ul)'
liftence ; iltc plough is ufed almoft wiiol'
ly. Indian corn in great quanritiu,
wheat, rye, barley, oats, potato*', &i' 11;
raifed for food ; and tobacco, w1»eat,<'y -
ton, Ucnip, flan, and indigo, for tjipxri-
tied.
tJort. ' Vri
been founc
and wine n
root, pink
nal herbs g
feiigdii an
country ab«
ns jrold, filv
and iron ; bi
who dirtifl
fliem, that
knowledgeo
ly make ule
txtradling tl
are likewifc
of different
petrified fnbf
bie beautiCul
and vitreous
which, when
with linfeed
>aiiPt , alfo, I
• •'«■ texture, ,
o* *i5<> IttfA,
wee^ j«rhidi y
its leuv«?(i are
ly rcfeMt>tiii;
^fife, A.n aboiK
fulphur, nitre,
M rivers iargi
colie<acdi 'Ih
roots, the tned
the haf barous
the fceret to
The rattle fnali
the Indians for
the number. '
formed a count
vantages, or bl#
"r healthful el
fiaine of all ki
country, and is
growth of vines
Tees, and the
" a perfeift gan
its medicinal fpi
»ny in Europe.
Ih- the name of I
»rel«uatedin V
nf the Catawba
j'«f« of two rriie:
i" an inexhauHib
orks eafy and \
metal is good foi
h»v kind of macl
«Mf will make go
':>» o'-en niadr-
"•omifes well. I
>r'pHringfhp or
*": ?»re confias (
n!!c< from
inate, and
the rivers,
es, feveral
furfiice of
teniivc and
I hantcH aro
es, and tlil-
tound with
, flint, ci yU
filvcr, Iciid,
nds. TIk
he tide, art;.
^11, coitmi,
rich, yicld-
yrn an 'Acie,
; jjrauirtiiins
per coi>»n-y,
, the mode
vaiora. Oi\
, ,uid t'oi- <)0
rlvcih niiicii
iroviiig It u r
if he has no
ovcrfeci- to
:an purch ifc
ultivaad ^.rc
ics of puilc,
ii the i'lnall
:pro'.s ; rice,
i\p, for cxpttr-
on lb rapa' '
tiort. t'roth late etperiiTirnts !t has
been found that vines may be cultivated,
and wine made to great advantage ; fnakc
root, pink root, and a variety of medici-
nal herbs grow fpontatjcoufly ; alfu, gin-
feug 0n and near tiie ihountains. This
country abounds with preciout ore»,fuch
as Jt*ild, filver, l«d, black lead, c6pper
tdd irotl ; but it is the misfortune of thole
who dire(5t their purfuits iu fcirch of
tliem, that they are deficient in the
knowledg«of chymiftry, and too frequent-
ly make ufc of improper minftruums in
txtraifling the rel'peiftivc metals. There
are likewife to be found peilticid floncB
of different hues, rock cryftal, pyrites,
petrified fubflances,coarfe cornelian, mar-
ble bcautilully variegated, vitreous Itone
and vitreous faad; red andycH )W ochits,
which, when roaflcd and ground ilowa
witii linfced oil make a very excrilcnt
^aiiit , alfo, potter's clay ol a mofl deli-
#««<> tcxtiM-e, fuller's earth, and a number
(yf 4^. ftivt^!, among which Is a lingular
weei^ 4r^hici> yields four different colours,
its leiV' are inrprifingiy fVyjjtic, flrong-
ly relcmbling the taltc of alum ; like-
tvifc, .in aliv>)dancc of chalk, crude alum,
fiilphiir, nitre, vitriol, and along the hanks
*f rivers large quantities of marl maybe
Colleifted< There are alfo a variety of
roots, the medicinal efTctfls of which it is
the barbarous policy of thofe who are in
the fccret to keep a profound myriery.
'I'hc rattle fnakc root, fo famous ainonjjft
the Indians for the cure of poiibn, is of
the number. The hand of nature never
formed a country with more natural ad-
vantages, or blrffed it with a more itrenc
or healthful climate. It ab(iOn(ls with
game of all kind*:, i« a very fine fruif
I country, and is peculi.arly adapted t« the
growth of vines, the olive, filk, ao<l co€ce
trees, and tlie prMlutftinn of cotton, h
i« a perfei^t garden of medical Ke>^><, and
[its medicinal Cprifcgs are not inferior to
[any in Europe. 1 he irou works, known
Ibv the name of the yffra JEiua iron -worit,
|)rei<tuated in York co. within two mikn
nf (he Catawba river. 'Ulthin the com-
^)nf« of two miles from the t'nrnacf , there
iwi inexhaulbble quantity of ore, wl»»»'h
hvorks cafy and well in the furnace. The
pietal is good for hammers, gudgeons, or
Hv kind of niacl'.iuery and hollow ware,
iin^will make good bar ir'i# Some trial
Vw l)«.en made of it in ileel, and it
bromifes well. Mo«hif»g is necefrary for
rcpHringthe ore 'or irfr, but hurning
rlx ore confids o*' i*rgt rocks above the
fOL. f. C C C f
SOU
furfacc f tlie di^pth not yet known., 'td
the cavities between, lie an ochre and H^d
tire. It is f.iid there will be no oecafnni
to fink (hafts or drive IcVVirs for 50 yt;*r»
to cOmc: Thc^ra furnace was built in
178? ; the MtnK in 1788. Mr. William
MilJ, one of the principal proprietors of
thefe work"., h is contrived a method, bv
mearis of a fall of water, of blowing ail
the (Ires both of the f'irges and turn u'l.-.,
fo as to render unnccellary the filV' ( f
wheels, cylinders, or any other kind of I<t'-
lowg. The machinery is fimple ar i
clitup, and no: li,,ble to the accident cf
freezing. In the middle, and cfpcciaflv
in the upper country, the people inann-
factiirc their own cotton and vvooUe ■
cloths, and mod ol'tlieir hufbandry ton's ;
but in the lij\vLr coiiftt.-y, the inhabitant ,
for theft artitlt.-, depend ainioft cntircV
on thtir mi.rchaiits. I. ate i>;roijnt» from
the interior partsof this (tai: inform, thac
cotton, hemp, and flax are plenty ; that
fhcy have a confiJerablc flock of gooil
flieep ; that great exertions arc madejan.-i
much done in the hotiftb'old way ; that
they have long b.eu irt the habit of do-
ing fointthlng in family iftanufai^urt a, bi;c
within a few years p*ft great iniprovo
menti have bei'n made.- The women d >
the Weaving, and leave the men to attend
to ^griciilturc. This (tate furniflics all
the n)Ht rials, and of the bell Vir 3, for
fliip oiii..)iiig. The live oak, anu the
pitch a, " ; . Ilow uines, arc of a i'upcrior
oi»:'lity. much attention ta now paid
t,> nic nisi rftcb-ir,, of indigo, in this
flate, thru it >.d9 fair to rival that of the
Frei.c! . It is to be rewrettcd, that it is
ftiii *+!€ pratSlice 1 the merchants con-
Ce > d in the CaroKtu tr.adi, to fell at
.-"isgr, ma' .cts th-; Carolina indigo <f
'!*r firit quality, as French. Geutkmr'a
oi fartfcic, her<;rcthe laJc var, fcnt their
fon: to f.ufupc for cducsiion. During
the war and fince, tl ry have gcnerallv
l(nt I*'* to the nia*' ^.nd northern
flatts. Thofe who have be«n at this ex™
\H-i\ft in educating thtir fon», have been
bu' i-omparatively few in ni niber, fo that
the itf^-tture of thf- Ifatf; is at .t low ebb.
Since tUf peac*. however, it has bcguii
to flot>r^4s. There ar>: f" /cral refpecla-
ble aca4«Rucs in C^rtei'7' .i, one at Beau-
fort, on I'ort Roysrl Wland, and fev ral
o(h» rs i« mKert nt pprt* of tlie fkate. Sit
colle^yrs hflvc lately been isuorpornfed by
law, but they dcfctve nohi^lw ai.|Mll.»-
tion than grammar ftlools. Two it
them bid fair to be honorable ta l^ tt^rt.
liii
: "i n
¥''i\
f.
«*'-
9 J^^
*&; WHntQtt and S. CaroUoa colVeget. 4t
bfAfort a hpttl^ for tbc {^efidentiabiliUt,
add confraOt pude for tfeiftiDe a co^jBge.
T))fc S. CaroUna mll«ge it to be €jMim4 „
at Coluftibia. Part of the old baRW^f
in CbarieAon hat been haadfonciy Mii I
up,- aaci converted into a college. ; ml4 [
there arc a number of ftudents ; iwt .w
duet not yet merit a more dignified nnnc
than that of a refpe<£table academy. The
Mount Sion college, at Winniborough, it
fupportcd l)y a refpedlable fociety of gen-
tlemen, who have lung been incorporated.
This inftitution fiouriihcs and bid* fair
for ufefulnefs. The college at Cambridge
i> no more than a grammar fchool. That
the literature of this (late might he put
upon a refpeiStable footing, nothing i«
wantin? but a fpirit of cntcrprife among
It* wealthy iniiabitants. The Icgillaturc,
in their fefllon in jaftuary, 1795, appoint-
ed a committee, to inquire into the pra<Sli-
cability of, and to report a plan for, the
edabliflimeat of fchoc'tt in the different
parts of the ftate. Since the revolution,
l)y which all denomin.itioDs were put oa
ail equal footing, there have been no dif-
puics between dtftcreiit religious fc<5l».
They all agree tOjdilFcr. The upper parts
of this ftate are fettled chiefly by Frefty-
t.'rians, Eiaptifls and Methodids. From
the moft pi'obablc calciilatioas, it is fup-
pofcd that- the religious denominations of
' this llate, as to numbers, may be ranked
as follows ; Prdhyterians, including the
Congregational aud Independent rliurch-
cs, Epifcopalians, . Baptills, Methodifts,
&c. In this ftatc are a numher of chari-
table focietics. The S. CaroUna fociety
has large funds, nearly ^-^0,000 (jterltng.
From this fund unfortuaatt families of Its
deceafed meolI>ers are fuppurted and the
children educated- The annual cspendi-
ture of the eftahlifliment for orfdians is
about J 3,34;t,doll.rr?. In 9 years after its
inftitution, 544 girls, and 941 boys were
entered in its butiks. The little atten-
tion that has been paid to manufa(^turet,
occafions a vaft confumption of foreign
imported articles ; but the quantity and
value oif their exports generally leave a
balance jn favor of the (late, except when
there have been large importations of ne-
groet . The foreign tr^dc of S. Carolina
u with Europe apd theW.lndi^s. To thcfe
ijountrlet arc exported rice, indigo, cot-
ton, tobacco, i^jir, pitch,tturpeotioc. The
following is the amountiof tunaHge«f the
ftate for 3 years. In 1796 it was 36985
t6ns,iy[79;,, 39,ia», in 1798,41,876.
Tiiejei^ortt of the ft«t« forthe ttuUrfng
feM».iMte ia 179^1, a,69a,»67, in »t9i,
%,i%t,inSr In 1)193, 3.»9«.*Wte •» l794,
3.867*90*, in S795> Jif98>49>i >n W96.
7,6x0,049, in 17^^ 1^9i6m, ^n 1798.
6,994,179, 10 ti^9, <t7a9>oi5> >a '^°^>
xv639>36j doilnn. CharlcAon it by far
the moft eonfideiiable city ou ^c fea
coaft» for no extent «if6co miles.. From
if nee annnetly expoftcd about the value
of two milUont and a half of dollars, in
native conniifaditees ; and it fnpplics,
with imporlMl goods, a great part of the
iahj(hitanu of ll» Carolina and Georgia, |
as well at thofe of S. CaroUna. The har-
bour is open ail the winter, and its con- j
tiguity to the W. India iflands gives tiir
me rchants fuperior advantages for carry- 1
ing on a peculiarly lucrative commerce. [
A waggon road of fifteen miles only is all
that is wanted, to open a communication |
with the inhal^iiants of TeneHee. Knox-
ville, the capita! nf that (late, is 100 miles I
nearer to Charlefton than to any other I
cnnftderablefeapott town on the Atlantic |
Ocean. The reformation in France oc-
caAoned a tivil war between the Protef-|
tant and Catholic par^p .in that king-
dom. During tltefc domeflic troubles,!
Jafper de Coligni, a {M^incipal commaiulerl
of the proteftant army, fitted out 1 fliipi,
and fent them with a^:olony to America,!
under the command of Jean Riband, fori
the purpofe of fecurinjr a retreat froml
profeculioo. Riband landcU at what is now|
called Albemarle river, in N. Caroiinaj
This colony, after enduring increclihl
hardfliips, were extirpated by the Sj)an-j
iards. No further attempts were made
tofxlaot a colony in this quarter, till il«
rei^ of Charles II. of England.
Souti Eafy a poft town in Dutchef^ coJ
N. York, .'^00 miles froB! WaiUngton. lt|
has 1956 inhabitants.
Southern Slatea ; thc^litet of MaryUii^i\
Firginia, Kentucky, N. CirrMina, Tenrffee
Cafolha, »ad Georgia,hr)\ .ded N hyPend
lylvanla, are thus dcuomi«ated. Thii
diftridt of tht Ueien contiiiiM upward
of 1 ,900,000' iB4«»bita««fi, of wlMHn648,43jl
arc Haves, vfhich'ntiirmiai/atirttmtluodhi
whole numher of fl»ws m the Unite
States. The influence of flavery has proJ
duced a very di(lingui(hing feature in the
general chara^er of the inhabitant*
which, though now difccrnable to iii<ii|
di fad vantage, has been foftencd and meJ
liorated by "Ibe benign elFciftt of tiie reve
olutton, and the progrefs of liberty
and humanity. The foUowin.? may
■»v conliderc
rj
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I V. E il C A .
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Ainufi/tli/r rit/rfi/a/ii/ /ri'iii\\'n\\\tt\<i\y\\
to
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lOIU/i
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■m
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s
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:t
.^
.«!'
i <^
Jt'*
... f
m
^ ■
5%'
f
I
* W
•4I|' *!
^|L
^K^^ 4
canGdered ai
uf thi( divii
wheat, corn,i
and lumber,
permanent 1
nent, viz. ih
& £ corner ol
the ConneAic
South Cctrg
in the S. Atlai
Horn, the fov
in lat. about ,
One of tbefe I
iO leagues in
S»iit(> Hadle^
fettt, HHmpfii
Conae<fticHt r
field, 6 S £ o
fioflon, and i
was iiicorpon
Sot inhahitan
in South Hadl(
ticut river, ma
igating round i
l>egun in 179;
riie falls are'
andijnce the
and canals, the
increafe of tra
the rive]r. Soi
rd on thefe cad
^ter works m.
iieerecSbed hci
i>a(ie it one
pUccsfor thel
'>tHte8. . Can;
tlie fame Cora
Montgomery,
aad Oil the faro
>*>Wi Humpt
t*een Jamfes*
It coatains
*».S flaves. Ti
rrom Norfolk,
\m from PhU
I Soulb ifamfH
IHiire, Rockin]
J<tie ftalc, whic
Ichufctts; 1 6 mi
|<SNWfr0mK
Ifrom Hampton
|and coatains 3
South HampU
'ts, HatHpflti
^»ft Hampton
?■
''W^'
^is^* ■
'>l^fa^
L„.j.j|,
"^f9
m
**
stnr
C0nfi<lered at the principal ^iroAiAionl
tif tbi* diviilon ; tobacco, rice, indigo,
wheatt corn,cottoa, tar, pitch, turnentSne,
and lumber. In this diftri€t is fixed the
permanent feat of the general govern-
ment, viz. the city of Waihingtoo.
SouthfiiU, a townfliip in Manachufetts,
5 £ corner of ficrkfliire eo, bounded 8 hj
the ConneAicut line, containing %%o fouU.
South Ceorgia,A cludcr of barren iflands,
in the & Atlantic Ocean, to the £ of Cape
Horn, the fouthcrn point of 8. Amenca ;
io lut. aboHt J4 50 S,. and loo. 36 30 \V.
One of thefe i« faid to be between 50 and
dp leagues in length.
Sautp HaMef, a poft town of Mafiachu>
r«tu, Hampfiiire ca on the E bank of
Conae<fticHt iriver^ 1% miles N of Spring-
field, 6 S £ of Northampton, 9.6 W of.
Bofton, and 4x2 from Waflungton. It
was incorporated in 1753, and contains:
Sot inhaliitants. The locks and canaU
in South Hadley, on the £ fide of Connec>
ticut river, made for the purpofe of nav«
igating round the falk in the river, wer^
I begun in 1793, and: completed in '1795.
The falls are about 3 milesr in length,
I and iincc the coRipletioa of thefe locks
and canals, there haa been a confidcrable
increafe of tranfportation up and down
the river. Some mills are already ercA-
cd on thefe cant^lB,'acad a great variety of
water works may, and doubtleft will, iooa
beereifted her«, as nature and art have
niade it one of the moft advantageous
pUces for. thefe purpofes, in the United
hitHtes. . emails are alfo' opening by
t lie fame Company, at* Miller's FaUs in
I Montgomery, about aj miles above tbc£e'
I aad on the fame 'fide! of the river.
>ioutb HumptM, a CO. of Virginia, be-
Ittreen Jambs's river, and N. Carolina.
lit contains 7300 free inhobitanU, and
j(a.sflaves. The coart honle is 36 miles
Krom Norfolk, «54n)n GicenviUey and
\m from Philadelphia.
I •$<«< j& JEr<mj|Bito*fa townfinp of N. Hamp-
Ifliire, Rockingium, eoj on the S line of
Ithe ftalc, which lisparates it from Mafla-
Ichufetts; i6mtlesS Wof Portfmouth,and
|6N W from Newtinrypcro It was taken
■from Himpton, and incorporated in 1742,
|and contains 387 inhabitants.
Snutb JiamfitoHt'z townfliipof MaiTachu-
ptts, Hanpflfire' en. and Separated from
"aft Hampton by Pawttwket river. It
nt incorporated in i7J3,and contains
9^i inhabitants ; about ^ miles S W of
^'orthampton.;
Swtb Hamptdti, a poft town of N. York,
puffolk c(V Long U By means of Sa|g
SOU >
HarlMJUrj ft carries oa'u CaaAtmrnK 9
contains 3670 inhabitants. It it Itirmiles
froiM sags. Harbour, 18 from Suftblk
court houfe, 95 £ of N. York, and 335
from Wafhington.
Soutb Hampton, two townfliips of Penn-
fylVaniR,thc one in Buck's co. the other
in 'that* of FranUin.
SMb Hampton, a townlhip intheeaft>
ern part of Nova Scotia, and in Halifax
county. It was formerly called Tatma«
gouche, and is 35 mile« from Onflow.
South Hemp m, a poft town in Genafi
fee CO J^I. York, 486miletfromWafI^gton
South Htmpjica J, k tow nHup of N. York,
(^een's CO. Long I. had its name altered
in 1796 by the legiflature into Hemp*
ftead. The inhabitants 4141 in number,
have the privilege! of oyfteringi Sfliing,
and clamming, in the creeks, bays, and
harbours of N. Hempftead, and they in
return have the fame right in S. Hempftead.
South Htroy or Grand Iflanii, in Lake
(%amplain. See Htro.
Siuthhdd, a townfliip of N. Yoi'k, Suf-
folk CO. Long I. It includes! Biflier's«
BtaiB, Robin's and Gulf Iflands, a^d ail
that part of the manor of St. Gcoi-ge on
the N fide of Peaconock, evading W to
the E line of Brook Haven. It is di-
vided into a number of parities, and hou-
f«s fior public worfhip,aitd cotitains 22 roin-
liabitant*. it was iettled in 1640, by the
Rev. Jolui Young and his adherents, orig-
inally from £ngland, \xax. lail from Salem
in Maftachuietts.
SouiloU Toivnjbip, in Suffolk ca U.
Canada, lies W of Yarmouth, having lake
£rie, for its fouthcrn boundary. Smyth.
Southold,A^o& town in SufFoik co. N.
York, 353 miles from Wafltington.
SotiiL Huntington, a townfhip in Wcft-
moreland co. Pennfylvania.
^m«^'/n^M, a townfliip of Haitford co.
Connecticut, ao miles S W of Hartford,
and 22 N of N. Haven. It has 1704 in-
habitants.
South K'lHgJlon, a townflup of Rhode
I. Wafliington co. on the W fide of Narra-
ganfct Bay. It contaiiie 3438 inhabitants.
South Mountain, a part of the Alleghany
Mountains, in Pcnnfylvjmia. Near this
mountain, about 14 miles from the town
of CarUfl«,a valuable copper mine was
difcovered in Sept. 1795.
5mM Keyi a fmall ifland, one of the
Bahamas, in the Vf. Indies. N lat. %%
21, W Ion. 74 6.
South Sea, now more ufually diftinguifli-
ed by the name of Pacific Ocean, was fo
named by the Spaniardbn afCoi: they iiad
,,\ '[< **
SPA
SPA
pt^edO!r«r the mount »tiu of t!ie Ifthmiu
of Ditnen Qr Panama, from N to H. It
might properly be. named the W«ftem
Oceaaiwidi ri.';;arct to America in gener-
al ; but from t!ie Idhmus it appeared to
them in H i'outliern dire«Aion. hi the
bunutirulitlaiKii in this ocean, the cold of
■winter is never known ; the tree* fridom
lolc thi'n- lo&viif through the cooftant
fucceiHo:. vt vegetation, and the tree»
bear fruit through the greateQ pare of
♦he year, The neat ii always alleviated
by alterqate brec:scs, whilA the inhabit-
ants fit under the fhadow of groves,
adoiiferous, and loaded with abundance.
Thii; fky is ferene ; the nights beautiful ;
and the fea, ever oflcring its incxhaufti-
Mc (lores of food, an^ an eafy and pleair
ing conveyance.
Jie^ti Tbufe, or Souiber» Tliule, in the S.
Atlantic Ocean, is the mod fouthern land
^vhich h.t8 H( any time been dil'covercd by.
navigators. ^ lat. 59 34, W Iqn. %7 45.
5o«MTD;V/f, and townfliip of Mailachur
fctts, liampihire co. no miles from Bof-
tun aod la S W of Springiield. it was
incorporated iu 1770, and coqlaini^ 867
inhabitants.
.S0////1 i^'e^fi Faint, in TenefTco, is form-
ed by- th:. confluence of Cli|icl' wUh Ten-
«U'ee i^cr, where a block houfc is eretSk*
«d, 40 mUes from Knoxville,; and 587
from Wailiington. Here is a port, oiHce.
Smtl> IVaJiinjrton, a town of N. Carolina,
Qn the N E branch iof Cupe Fdr river,
which is navig^ible thus f;ir for bodts. It
is S3 miles from Crofs Ruads near Dup-
IU1 cQiirt houfc, and 36 from Wilmington.
Soutoux, an tudiau vilbge in Lpuiliana,
on the W fide of Milfifippi river, oppofiic
to the Nine Mile R.ipid8, 2 2 miiis beluw
\Vi(.fpincan river, aqd a8 above Uivicre
a U Roche. N latk 41 io.
Sow amf Pigj, H number of large rock«
lying oiT the 4> W end of C^tahunk llland,
one of the Elizabeth Illaxd^, o;i the cp<t(l
pi MafTachufctls.
5p(i!i>, Ntm. See Mtxieo.
,Sjia,ii^ir(li' Aiy,. on the E cos ft of Cape
■J^retou I, is round the point of the S en-
trance intoPortDauphin. It!<!muuth is nar-
row^ but it is vvider within till it branches
into two arms, both of whicli are naviga-
bly i U-tgues, and afford aft-cuifi liavboyr.
N lat. 46 -MO, W Ion. j8 29.
Sfanfjh 4»imea, contains immenfe
province*, moft cf wbich are very fertile-
jrt i</. ..i/«i.7-;i(/, California, Qld^e«ca,or
KSiialn, N Mexico, 1-lorida^ a. Inth^W.
Indie), the iiland of Cuba, Porto Rico,'l rin-
icjad, Margaretta, Tortuga, &c. 3. li^
.f. Amertfiy Trrra Fir:^a, Pcru.Chili.Tucu-
man, Paraguay, and Patagonia. I'hefe tx-
tenfive cosiii"°<<'* are defiriiitd iindrr
their prop«t 1. mHs. All the exjwrtt ct
Spain, moft ^.n.'.ies of which no other
European country can fui ply, are cftt-
mated at only 80,000,000 livres or
C h7iZ7>'>?iii fte'l- The moft important
trade of Spain is that which it cainci
on with its American piovinccs. Tlie
chief import!) irom (hefe cxtenfive coun.
tries conlilt of gold, filver, precious
fiones, pearls, cotton, cocoa, eochineal,
redwood, ikins, rice, medicinal herbs
and barks, as fad'afius, Peruvian bark,
&c. Vanilla, Vicunna wool, fugar, and
tobacco. In 1784, the total amount of
the value of .Spanifh goods exported to
America,was 195,000^00 rcalcsde vcUon;
foreign commoditicsj 3,", 8,000,00s r. d. v.
The imports frr.n America wer«! valued at
900,000,ou> r, d. v. in gold, filver, and pre-
cious ftones; and upwards of 300,000,000
r. d. v. iu good!*. In the Gazetta de Mad-
rid, 1787, (Feb. 20) it was Hated, that the
e;cports to America (the Indie*) ft>om the
following iihaibours, Cadiz, Corunna,
Malaga, Seville, St. Lucar, Santander,
Canarias, Alicunte, Barcelona, Tortofa,
Gipon, St. Sebafiiaa, amounted, in 1785,
to 767,249,787 r. d. V. the dutie.s paid,ou
thefe exports amounted to 28^43,702 r.
d, V. The imports, both in goods and
money, from America and the W. India
iflands, amounted in the fame year to
1,166,071.067 r. d- V. and the duties to
65,472,195 r. d. V. The profits of the
merchants from the whole American
trade was valued at 5,000^00 doHars.
Spanijb Greet, is at the head of St. Ma<
ry's river in Florida.
Spanijb Main, that pait of the coaft of
Anierica, wl^cli extends from the Mof-
quito fliore, along the aorthein coaft uf
Darien, Carthageua,and V«:nczuela to the
Leeward Ides.
Spantjh kivtr, a river and fettlement in
Cape Brctop I. and the prefent feat of gov-
ernment.
Spiniifitovvn, Pee St. yogo dr la t^ega.
Spariatvi's Ptint, on the N fliore of
Pifc4tai)ua river, abroad of which fliips
can anchor in 9 fathoms.
Spart«,ik poll town in Sparta co. S.
Carolina, 542 miles from Wnihington.
Sparia, a poft town of N\ Jerfey, Suffex
CO. 117 miles from Philadelphia, and 2j}
(rom Waftiington.
Sparta, a poft town of Hancock co.
Georgia. It has a court houfe and gaol ;
it %Dd4 in a ibrtilci and pqpulf us :oui>-.
■•••■•■■-■ • tjv,
s?o
SPR
ll.Tucu-
tefe tx-
(indcr
[>ortt ot
other
are cltt-
vre» or
nportant
t cairin
c». Tie
ive coun-
prccioiii
lal herbi
ian bark,
igar, and
mount of
ported to
de vcllon;
OQ r. d. V.
• valucxl at
r,amlpre-
50,000,000
a tie Mad-
d, that the
) from the
, Corunna,
Santander,
I, Tortofa,
!d,in 178.';.
ies paid,ou
1,543.701 r.
goods and
lie W. India
ie year to
s duties to
>fits oi the
American
1 doHars.
i pf St. Ma*
Sparta co. S.
alhington.
Jerfey, Suffex
phia, and 2J)
Hancock en.
lufe and gaol ;
)puU»U8 :ou»"
•^^ tiV.
try, and is a place of confiilprnMc trade.
SpuitdiibHrgh, adidiici of S. Ciirolliia.
It has ia,i»a ii)hai»itant«, of whom 7467
ate Haves. The court houfe ii 30 miles
from Pincltncv, 25 trom Greenville, and
746 from Philadelphia.
Spmr Cape, on the E fide of Newfound-
land I. is about 3 or 4 miles S E by S from
St. John's. N lat. 47 ,^2, W Ion. 51 r^.
Hfitiglt't Te^vH, on the W fljoreoftlic
ifland of Barbadoes, towardii the N part ;
formerly much reforted to l»y fliips from
Bi^dol, and from thence called Little Brif-
tol ; but mod of the trad? is now remov-
ed to Bridgetown. It is in St. Peter's
farifh, having Saiidy Fort, and Margaret's
brt, about a mile S, and Haywood's Fort
onthe Nat hulfthc diftance. N lat. 10
9,Wlon. /9'2i.
Sfeneer, s townfliip in Worcefter co.
^aflachufetts, taken from LeicefVer, and
incorporated in 1753, and contains 143a
inhabitants, and lies 11 miles S wellward
of Worci'fter, on the pofl road to Spring-
field, ami 58S WofBofion.
Spefittir, a fmall illand at the head pf
Chcfapeak Bay.
Spiritu Saitte, a town on the S fide of
the iOand of Cuba, oppofite the N W
part of the duller of illes and rock* called
Jardin de la Reyna, and about 45 miles
N W of l,a Triui(3ad.
Spiritu Santo, or Tampay fiay, called
alfo Hillfborough Bay, lies on the W
ioaft of the peninfula of E. Florida ;
has a number of flioals and keys at its
mouth, and is 9 leagues N N W ^ W of
Charlotte Harbour, and 56 S E by S ^ E
fifthe bay of Apalache. N lat. 27 36,
Wlon.8aj4.
Spiritu Santo, a town of Brazil, in 8.
America. It is on the fea coafl in a very
fertile country, and has a fm.ill caRIs an<l
harbour. S lat. 2010, W Ion. 41.
Spiritu Santo, a lake towards the extrem-
iiy of the peninfula of E. Florida ; S from
the chain of lakes which communicate
with St. John's river. ■
j?^//'/ Acfit, a roeky point which projetSls
JntoLake Champlain, on the W iide about
56 milfs N of Bkeenfborough, bears this
name. The lake is narrow, and no
[ where exceeding two miies from Skeenl-
1 borough to this rock, but here it fudden*
I ly widens to 5 or 6 milf s, ^(t tb^ Waters
I Wnme pure and clear.
Spotfuood, a fmall town of N. Jerfey,
i iMiddlefex co. near the W fide of South
I fiver, which empties into the Rariton in
I * ^ |l dire<Aipa. The ^tuatipo is £ood
for cxtcnfivc mnmif.iAorles, and there it
already h papi-r mill litre. It is on 1I10
Amboy ftage road, 9 miles S F. of hriml-
wick, and 10 W by S of ^^illdlttoIl Pi-in;,
5/,c//v/vjAM,aciiuntV()f V'irj'iiii.t, bound-
ed N Ly StafiTord, an'l V. by CaK'lii'e
county. It roiitain* 617a frrf iiilisbit-
ants, ?,nd 6830 flavcs. it u hilly and well
watered by the branches of ilic Mattapo-
nvand Rappaltannock iiv*r^. At thccoutC
houfe ii* a poA ullice, 7 3 miles from W.'ili-
ington.
Sprinf^'feld, » townfliip of Vermont,
Vindl'oi CO. on the W tide of Cojincifti'
cut ri^■> opnolitc C!.;iikfli.wn, in N.
HampiLii It haa io ^^ inhabitants.
Sprini' iown in th<" N ppf t of Cl'C*
{hire co. ..jmpfljire.lias j 70 inhabit r.ius
Springji(y, {the Aaggawani of tlic In-
dians) a pofttownof Mafl8ihufttts,H.imp..
fhire CO. on the E fide of Connnflicut
river ; 20 ttiiles S by E of Nortbiunpton,
97 W S W of Boflon, 28 N of Hartford,
2JO N E of Phil,ultlphiH, and 39K from
Wafliington. H lie townfliip of Springs
field was incorpiirated in 1645. It con-
tains t8ia inhabit.mts ; a Congrcgatioiial
church, a court houfe, and a number of
dwelling hoijfcs, mativ of which arc both
commodious ami ekgain. 1'he to^vn
lies chiefly on one long fpacious flrcct,
which runs parallel with the river. A
fiream from the hills at the eaflward «f
the town, fr-lls into this (Irctt and form*
two branches, which take their courl'e in
oppofite direiflions, one of tjum runiiirg
northerly and the other foufhcrly along
the eaftern fidp of the ftrect, and ufTcrd
the inhabitants, from one end to the othc."|
an eafy fupply of water for domeftic ufes.
Here a connderablc inland tradfe is carrj..
ed on ; and there is alfo a paper null, an
arfenal and armoury.
Springfield, a poit town in Himpfliire
CO. Virginia, 14c miles from Wafliington.
Springfield, a poft town, in Wafliington
CO. Kentucky, 629 miles from Wafliington,
Springfetdy a poft t<jwn in Robertfon co^
Teneffee, 765 miles from Wafhington.
Springjleltl., a townfliip of N. York, Ot^.
fego CO. at the N end of Otfcgo lake. It
is 61 miles W of Albany, has a good foil,
and 1584 inhabitants.
Springjield, a poft town of N. Jerfey,
Burlington co. of a good foil and famed fof
excellent cheefe ; feme fatiiiers make;
lOjOOolbs. in a feafon. The inhabitant^
are principally Quakers,^ ho have 3 meet-
ing houfes. "The chief place of the town-
fliip, where bufineft h tritnfaiSled, is a vil.*
Sil
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
5?
fe
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.%
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fc
III
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1.1
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Hiotographic
Sciences
Corporation
23 WIST MAIN STRIET
WnSTIR.N.Y. MSSO
(716)872-4503
M.
«TA
^age nffed Job's towq, lO mllet from Bur-
£n^on, and 1 8 from Trenton. In this
lownfliip is a.hili, 3 milea in length, called
Mount Pifgah, which furnilhes fionefor
Building. Here is 9i{o a grammar fchooL
It is l<)3 milcii from Wafliington.
Sfriit^fielif, a towofliip in Efliex co. N.
Jerfey, on Rahway river, which furnifljcs
fine miiljCtau ; 8 orio m^es N W of £lix-
AbethTowu. P«at for firing js found here.
Sj>rw^eU, the name of 4 to\viifl>ips of
Pennfyivania, viri in Buck's, Fayette, Del-
aware, and Mont,<jomcry .counties.
S/ruce CrteiyVXget its wi riding courft
though the marges,, from tlie mouth of
pircataqua river, 5 or 6 miles up ioto
lottery, in York co- Maine.
Spurwing, a river of Maiae, which rant
tlu-ough Scarborough, W of Cape Elisa-
'2>eth, aud 18 uavigabie-a few mues for vef-
fei'sof ioot()n«.
Squam, a lake, pact of wMch is in the
itbwnfliip of Holdernefs, in Grafton co.
J}. HampHiire ; but the one hal^of itis
3n Strafford ccy U is.about 5 miles bsyr,
and 4 broad'
Sjtiam, a fhoct river of N> Hampflure,.
the outlet of the above lake, whichijruns
M.6 W courfc, and Joins the Pemigpwafj.
fet at the town of New Cheder, aiul ib
suiles above tkeoKHUh of the Wiqopl£e-
ogee branch. , ,
Sjvaiit Beacbf on the Tea ooaft of N. Jer'
;fc;y, between Baroegat Inlet and Cranber-
ry New Inlet.
Squ;^ Hariouit,ox\. the N E fide of Cape
JVnn, Maffachufettf, When a vef^elat
iachiar off l«fcwbury Port Bay,' parts a ca-
l>le and lufes.an aocnor with the wind at
^ £ or E N £, 1( Hie can carry double
teefed fails, Qvi may rua S S\p j leagvc^,
which courfe if made gpod, will carry
her a little to the eaflw^d of S«iuani B«iy.
Sj^aam (fidfti^ HiUJ.\v» iulat. 42 40. M,
and Ion. jo^i. . . _
Sjuert H»ndUrebkf,vx ifland of fome
extent in th» \V. Indies, which lies be^-
tween lat. 21 5 and 2^ 34 N, ac4 between
J6n. 70 19 and 70 4?. W,
Squeaijg^^tt C>-^,ia,K York, a Kl^ead
water of Alleghapy.riv^r. Itsmrauth.ls
19 miles N W of the Itiya Tttim.
" Staattlhtrr^h,^ port to^n i^ N.York (late,
lies on theEfidc of Uud£pn's river,berween
iQiynbeck aiid Peughkjeepfie i about ^%..\
pulesS of Hii4iWn,jf^d361fof N.York city,
5/<tf3rMAi,:a t9wn pf Dutcn Oipiana,
tif ;5. America! on theJ^fide of Demarara,
rivfr, a mile. ap4 a 1 hair above the poft
wMch ccmounck'iu. entrance* It is the
STA
feat of government and tlie depofitory of
the records. The Aatiun for the fliipping
extbnds from the lort to about 2 mile*
above the town. They anchor in a line
from 3 to 4 abreaft.
Stafford, a county of Virginia, bound<
ed N by Prince WiUiam co. and £ by the
Patowmac. It contains 5638 free inhab-
itants, and 4343 flavcs.
Stafford, a townfliip of Connedlicut, in
Tolland co. on the &) line of Maflachu-
ffttts, 13 or I J miles N £ of Tolland. In
' this town is a furnace for.cafling hollow
ware, and a medicinal i{>ring,:which is the
refort of valetudinarians. It.bas 2344 in-
habitanu.
.SiafforJ, Nev), a tov^flnp^ of N. Jerfey,
, in Monmouth co. and adjoining Dover on
-the S W. It confiAs chiefly of pine bar-,
ren land, and contained 803 inhabitants
in 179a ,\ ,, .
£/(^r ^W, in, Main«,Ues S of Parker's
aod.Arcowfike iflands, OU' the N fide of
Small Point, coniifting of 8 acres not ca-
I pable of much improvement ; and ,is on-
ly remarkable for being the firfi land in-
habited in New England, by a civilized
people. It is net now inhabited.
Sttmfard TowiiiJhip, in the county of>
linooLn, U. Canada, lies on the W fide of
Niagara rivier, and S of Newark. A port
of entry and clearance, is eftablilhed in
this townfliip, . on.the N bank of Chippa-
w^ , ri v«r near the bridge.
Stamford,'^ townfliip of Vermont, in
Bennington co. it corners on Bennington
tothci>£,and contains 383, inhabitants,
and has good interval li^td.
Stamfordi a poA town of ConncAicutf
Fairfield co. on a fmall ftream called Mill
river, which empties into Long Ifland
Sound. It contains a Congregational and
Episcopal .church, about 45 compadt
.dwelling houies,.- and contains AiS*
iohabitants. It i*; 10 miles S W of
Kftfwalk ; 44 S V of j^. Haven ; 44 N £
of N. York; I39„N. E of Philadelphia,
and 388 from WaOiington. The town-
ihip.wasfoxmerly galled J?iy/owuflM, and
wav fettled in/i64t,
Sti^mftirJj a poU town of Nt York, in
Delaware co. taken from Weodfiock, aud
ineorjwrated in. 1799.. It haf; 934 inliab-
itants, and is 447 miles from Wafhingtun.
Stamford,. A poO: town in Linct^ co.
liKentucky, 628 m'iles.from Wafliington.
5/«M^,- a pod ^own of Mqina, on the
W line of Cumberland co>betv"^n Pre*
'Tum^icut and Saco rivers. It was incorpo-
rated in J 7.8j| aii4 coataiasLi3}6 inhpb- -
iuuts;
ST A
STE
ftant§ ; i8 miles N W of Portland ; 163
N of Bofton, and 6i6from Waflungton.
Stanford, a townflitp of N. York,l>.»tch-
tfs CO. taken from Walliington, an J in-
corporated iu I793. It ha» 2344 inliab*
itants.
Stanford, the capital of Lincoln co. Ken-
tucky ; Atuated on a fertile plain, about
10 miles S S E of Danville, 40 S by W of
Lexington, and 57S S E of Frankfort. It
contains a ftone court houi'e, a gaol, and
about 40 houfes,
StanJIead, a townfliip, in L. Canada,
bounded VV by Lake Meinphramagog, S
hy Vermont. It is fettled by about 750
inhabitants, a promifruous emigration
from various pwrts of the United States.
Stanley f^nll.'y, lies north wefterly of
Carter's Valley, being feparated from it
by a ridge and row of knobs. The wa-
ter is good, the foil rich, and the land-
fcapes generally agreeable.
Stantoix, Old Fort, in the State of N.
of York, is fituated in the townlTiip of
Rome, at the head of the navigable waters
Mohawk river. Its foundation was laid
in 1 759, by Gen. Broadftreet, and built
upon, by the troops of the United States,
during the late war. The Britifli made
an unluccefsfu attempt to take it in 1777.
Starts, a town in Kenncbeck co. Maine,
on the W fide of Kennebeck river, W of
Norridgeworfc, and 35 miles N W of Au-
fufla. Sandy river enters the Kenuebeck
in this town.
StariJhoroMgh, a townjfhip in Addifoa co.
Vermont, i» miles E of Ferrilburg. It
contains 359 inhabitant".
StattH Jfland, lies 9 miles S W of the
city of N. York, and conftitutes Rich*
mond CO. The ifland is about 18 miles
in length, and at a medium 6 or 7 in
breadth, and contains 4563 inhabitants.
0» the S fide, is a confiderable traCi of
level, good land ; but the illand in gener-
al is rough, and the hills high. Richmond
is the only town of any note, and that is
»n inconfiderable place. The inhabitants
-are chiefly defcendants of the Dutch and
French ; and are noted for their hofpi-
tality to (Grangers, and love of thsir na-
tive "pot.
St(i.ien Land, an ifland at the extremitv
•f S. America, about 30 r Mes in length
and 12 in breadth. It lies to the ead-
ward of the E point of Terra del Fuego,
tnd from Which it Is feparated by Strait
It Maire. The centre of the idand is in
lat. about 54 30 8, and Ion. 64 30 W.
Statejiurg^ a poft town of S. CaroHna
and the capital of Clermont co. "on the K
fid' of Beech Creek, which unites with
Shanks Creek: :md empties into the Wa-
teree, a few miles below the town. Ic
contains loorii houl'es, a court liouf«
and gaol. It u ao miles S by E of Cam-
den, 100 N by W of Chariedon, and 493
from Wafhington.
StatifmUe, a port town in Iredell co. N.
Caroliiia, 44 r miles from Wafliington
Staimien, a port town of Virginia, and
the capital of Aiigtifta co. It is on the .*?
E IJde of Middle R.. a wp.ter of Patow-
mack, a little N of Maddilbn's Cave. It
contains ;.l-;'.ut 160 houfes, moftly built of
Aone, a court hoiife and g.nol. It is 9.^
miles from tl>e Sweet Springs, 100 S W b"!r
S of Winchefter, 116 W N W of Ricii-
mond,and 177 from Wafliington.
Stcmttmi, one of the principal b.'anchtfs
of Roanoke II. I: rifcs on tfie weftcrn
fide of the blue ridge, and there has the
name of Roanoke ; but as foon a* i|E
pafies through the ridge, it takes the name
of Staimton, which it preferves to its con-
fluence with Dan, and there reftlme^ the
name Roanoke Staunton and Dan arc
very nearly of the fame fize where they
uiyte. It might be made navigable fffr
100 miles from its mouth. The ftream*
it receives are Smith's rivers, Goofe creek,
BigandLittleOttr Big and Little Fulling
Cub creek, I^ittle Roanoke and Banifler.
.V/d«/J<',/o»/,juft above the falls of Nia-
gara, and 8 miles above Queens Town.
iS^ Clair Lale, is fmallin comparifont
to either Ontario or Erie, and fliallow
throughout ; it receives the waters of L
Superior, Michigan, and Huron, by a long
channel from N to S called river St. Clair ;
it aifo receives the waters of the Thame*
which fall into the lake on the S E fide.
About the mouth of this river are large ei-
tenfive meadows, or marfhes, which, with
the exception of imall tradte of wood land
on the banks of tb« riVfcr, and a few
woody iflanda, extend about 13 miles iip
the country, and about 4 or 5 miles id
depth, afTurding hay fufficient for a nu*
merousfettlemeut, and abundance to fpate
For fituation, &c. See Cliir, Su
Steadmans Crtsi, in the Itate of N. York.
The main fork of this creek empties in-
to Niagara R. above Fort Schlofier.
Stiff Jiocii, a curious ledge of perpen-
dicular fhelly rocks, which form the W
bank of Hudfon's R. with fome interrupt
tions, for 14 or 13 miles from the Tap«
pan Sea, to within 1 1 miles of N. York
city. Some of tkefe ledje* are from 150
STE
ST^l
to iOo feet high. As you p^»down the
. river from the Tappan Sea, by thefe rocks,
th« proipect on every fide is enchanting.
On the N the Tappau Sea, a fine broad
bay opens tu view, Ikirtcd with high hills ;
.on the S the river lies under tite eye as
far as it dininguiflies objetSb ; on the W
are the Steep Rocks, before defcribed ;
. and on the E a fine cuhivated country.
litif/jfitt, a cape, S W of Cape Denbigh,
un the N W coafl of N. America, and is at
tlie S £ pait of Norton Sound. Stuart's
liland is oppoiite to it. N lat. 63 33, W
ion. i6z i<). Between this and Shoai
Ncfs is ihoal water.
Stefibens, a fhort rivet of Vermont,
which empties into Coonetf^icut river,
/rom the N W, in the town of Bamet.
SuplnHj, St. a partlh uf CharleAon dif-
tric'V, S. Carolina-
Sterling, a plantation in Kennebec ca
Maine ; N W of Halloweil, and at no
great diftance. It contained 266 in^<ibit-
ants in 1790. i^'~^
Sterling, a townOiip of ConnedUc^t, in
Windham co. 44 miles £ of Hartford, 18
M £ from Norwich. Inh. Iritants 908.
Sierliitg, in Worcedcr co. Maflachufetts,
was formerly a parith of Lancafter, call-
ed Cbcckftt, incorporated in 1781 } i»
miles N £ of Worcefier, and 4ft fronk
Bofton, and contains i6»8 inhabitants.
Near the neck of land which divides
Wau(hacum Ponds, on the S fide, was
formerly an Indian fort, vefHges of which
ftill appear. On this fpot was the palace
and royal feat of Sholad, fachem of the
Nadiawayt, proprietor of Naihawo^,
SterlingvilU, a poA town in OmnviUc co.
M Carobna, 467 miles from Waihiagton.
Stetten, formerly Naraguagus, a town
in Wafliington co. Maine. It is at the S
.W comer of the county, and. has Ooldf-
boro' bay W, and Dyer's bay E. Nara-
guagtts river runs trough iu N £ corner.
It has 347 inhabiia^t*.
StenttH, a finall fort in the Indiana Ter-
ritory, fituated at the Rapids of the Ohio,
a fliort diftance above ClaFkfville.
Stmben, a new county of N.York, tdcen
from thai of Ontario ; being that part of
Ontario county, bounded by the Penn-
fylvania line on the S, Ity the N bounds of
the fix range of townfhips on the N, by
the pre-emption line on the E, and by
the Indian line on the W. From mills in
the centre of this county, 100,000 feet of
boards, were conveyed down, the Sufque-
hannah on rafts, fafely to the Baltimore
nvirket, in th( fpring of 1798. It has 1 738 II
inhabitants.
Rteiibtn, a townfliip of N.York, in On(<-
ida CO. taken from Whiteflown, and in-
cdrporated in 1 792. In 1 796, the tovrns ot
Floyd and Rome were taken ofF of this
townfliip. It haft ^51 inhabitants. The N
weilem branch of Mohawk R. rifes nere ;
and the centre ofthe town isabout I a miles
N E of Fort Schuyler, and 3» N W of the
mouth of Canada Creek.
Steuienville, a pod town in JelFerfon co.
Ohio, 31% miles from Wafliington. It is
on the W bank of the Ohio, a lew miles
W of the Pennlylvania W line, N lat. 40
17, and 5 30 W Ion. from Philidelphta.
Stevens, afliort navigable riverof Maine.
It rifei within a mile of Merry Meeting
Bay, with which it is conneiSled by a ca-
u.il lately opened. See GeergeteioH.
Steve'i/hurr, a port town of Virginia,
'"'(ilpepper co. on the road fror>, Philadet-
puia to Staunton. It contains 40 or jo
lioufes, and an academy. The inhabit-
iints are moflly of Dutch extradtion. It is
zo miles N by B of Straiburg, 87 N £ by
N of Staunton, 45 S W by S of WiUiamt
port, and 90 from Wafliington.
StevenUnviiy Wefl Chefter co. N. York,
it bounded W by York Town, and N by
Dutcliefsco. It contains 1578 inhabitants.
5/<^i(ra/0t«)i,a townfltip of good land in
N. York, in Renflielaer co. between Leba-
non and Scoodack. It is about 14 miles
f(|iure,and lies 10 miles £ of Albany. The
timber on the low land ie pine, hemlock,
beech, birch, afli, maple. On the hills,
pine, hemlock, black and white oak, wal-
nut and poplar. I has 4968 inhabitants.
Stewart' t JflanJi,in the S. Pacific Ocean,
a duller of 5 iflands discovered by Capt.
Hunter in 1791, and fo named in honor
of Admiral Keith Stewart. S lat. 8 a6,
W loo. 163 18.
8tey Point, on the Latwadof fioaft, and N
Atlantic Ocean. N lat. 58, W Ion. 61 40i>
S*iU Water, a townfhip of N. York, Sar*
atoga CO. bounded E by Hudfon Rivet.
It contains 9872 inhabitants. The village
of StiU iVatir is on the W bank of Hud-
fon's river, it miles from Saratoga, A5 N
of Albany and il from Ballftown Springs.
A canal is began at this place to lead the
water of the Hudfon to the mouth of the
Mohawk, 14 miles below.
Stinting JJlands, on the eaft coaft of
Newfoundland Ifland. N lat. 40 a8, W
Ion. 5» 5a
Stiffic Mountain, lies between Connec-
ticut and Hudfon river, and near it the
Mahikander Indians formerly refided.
Si, Mii'yt, the FulU of, is fituated be-
tmeen
8T0
StO
ttvrcn Lake Superior and I^ake Huron,
U. Canada, or more AriilUy fpcaking, in
the narrows between Lake Superior and
Lake George, a little above the mouth of
Beaver river ; on the S fide of the faUs,
flat bottomed veHels of 20 or 30 tons
are frequently taken up and down. Smyth.
Stockbrld^e, a towiifliip in Windfor co,
Vermont, on white river, aiul coutaint
432 inhabitants,
StociiriJget a port town of Maflachu-
fetts, Berklhire CO. 44 miles W by N of
Springfield, 141 W of Bofton, 249 N £ of
Pliiladt'lpliia, and 25 £ by S of Kindcr-
liook, in N. York. The townfliip is the
chief of the county ; vvai incorporated in
1739, and coat: ins 1261 inhabitants.
StoMrUge, Ne-iv,9i tf.'iifl of land 6 miles
fquaie, lying in the S E part of tlie One-
ida Refcrvation, in the State of N. York,
inhabited by the Indians, 300 in numbir,
v'ho, fome years ftnce, removed from
Stockbi'idge, MalfachuftttA, and from this
circumftnnce are called the Stocibridsre In-
iiiut. This tra«^ was given to thcie In-
dians by the Oueidas, as an inducement
to fettle in their nei^jjhbourhood ; and is
7 miles S £ of Kahnonwoluhale, the prin-
cipal village of the Oneidas. Thcfe In-
dians are under Jie paftoral care of a mif-
Itonary, the Rev. Mr. Sarjcaot, whofe pi-'
ous labours have been attended with con-
Ijderable fuccefs* They are generally in-
duftrious, cfpccially the women, and cm-
ploy themfelves in agriculture, and breed-
ing cattle and fwiue. Their farms are
generally enclofed with pretty good fences,
and under tolerable cultivation. In the
f^ll of 1 7964 almofl every family fowcd
wheat; and there was a finale inftance
this year, of one of the Indian women,
named EJlLer, who wove 16 yards of wool-
len cloth ; who is here mentioned as an
example of induftry, and as having led
the way to improvements of this kind.
There is but little doubt but her exam-
ple will be f llowcd by other;;, 'i'hcir
dividend of moneys from the United
States, amounting to about 3C0 dollars,
has hitherto been expended in eretfling a
faw mill, and fupportiug an Engliili
fchool.
Stoci Creek, 9 branch of Pelefon river.
Sec Wajbington County, Virginia.
StoeJ^ort, a village'in Northampton co.
Pennfylvania, on the W fide of the Popax-
tunk branch of Delaware river. From
thii place is a portage of about i3 miles
to Harmony, on the £ branch of the riv-
er Sufquehaanali.
SteJdarJ, a townfliip of N. Hampfliirff,
Chcdiire co. about 15 or 18 miles £ of'
Walpolc on Connc*flicut river. It \va»
incorporated ia 17 74, and contains 1148
inhabitants.
Stodbart Bay, near the pJ W po'nt of
the ifland of Jamaica, is to the £ of San-
dy Bay, and between it and Lucea har-
bour.
Stoh, a townfliip in L. Canada, having;
St. Francis river on the S and S W. It ii
N of Afcot, adjoining, and has about 30
itUiabitants,
Stokes, a count/ of Salifburyd!(lrit3:,N.
Carolina : bounjcd E by Rockingham,
and W by Surry, and contains 10,516 in-
habitants, including 1359 Haves. Ir.ia
ore M ft>und here in conQderable (ju.uiti-
ties.and works have been ereiS^ed on Iron
Creek, which m.Mufadture conflderabiti
•jimititiea. Chii.i' town, Gerniantown.
Stakes, ilic .;tiief town of Montgomery
CO. N. Carolina, near Yadkin river. Ic
Contains a court houfc, gaol, and about
»o lioufts.
Stune Arabia, a Village and fine tradlof
country fo called, in Montgomery co.N.
York, on the N fide of Moiiawk river, be-
tween 50 and 60 miles W of Albany.
This fettkment was begun by fome Ger-
mans in 1709. The land from the river
rifes on a beautiful and gradual afccnt for
4 miles, and the principal fkttlenuat is 011
a wide fpresding hill. The foil is excel-*
lent, and the peoj^lc induftriousaud thriv«
iug. It fufTtrcd much from the Indians
in the liite war, peculiarly in 1780. It
has a Dutch church and an academy.
Stoneham, a townflkip of MafTachufettSi
Middlefex co, which was incorporated in
1725, and contains 380 inhabitants ; id
mi! js N of Bofton.
Stona Indians, inhabit S of Fire Fort, oo
Afl'encbayne river.
Stone Mountain, betwccnthc ftatcs of
Tencflte and Virginia. The Virginia line
interfc»fls it in lat. 36 30 N, from thence
to the place where Watauga river breaks
through it. Sec Teuefee.
Stone Jjland, on the E coaft of Newfound-
land, is near Cape Broyle, and is one of
the 3 iflands, Ti>hich lie oS Caplin Bay.
Stoms, is a hoatable water of Tenefiee,
which runs N W into Cumbeilaud river,
6 miles N E of Nafliville.
Stones Fort Gut, on the S W fide of the
iflnnd of St. Chriflopher's.; caftward of
Old Road Bay, and between that snd
Bloody Point. There is a fort on a point
of land, on the V« HUc.
mM
sto
tfTFC
Slonty Creei, a (mall (Iream running in-
to Lake Eric, E of Sangas creek, U. CaO'
ada ; it is a harbour tor boats, having
about %i feet water above the bar. Smytb.
Stoney Hill, in Baltimore ro. Maryland,
i* 5 or 6 miles N W of Whetflonc Fort,
Ht the mouth of Baltimore harbour, and'
a miles S E of Hooks Town.
Stoney Point, in Orange CO. N. York, a
fniall peninfula, projei^ing in a coufider-
al>le biufFfrom the W bank of Hudfon's
river into Haverftraw bay : about 40
miles N of N. York city, juft at the fourh-
• rn entrance of the high lands. The
liriive Gen. Wayne diflinguiflied himfelf
iu taking this fortrefs by florm.
Stonei Mountaint, in the N W part of
N. America, exteml from S to N. aid in
a N W dirc<Stion, from lat. 48 to 63 N.
The N pdrt of this range is called the
Mountains of Bright Scones.
Stoney River, called by the French Bay-
9uk Pierre, empties into tlic MiiTifippi, 4
miles from Petit Goufre, and 10 from
Louifa Chitto. From the mouth of what
is called the fork of this river, is compac-
rd to be ai miles. In this didance there
nrc feveral quarries of (lone, and the land
Ills a clayey foil, with gravel on the fur-
t;tce of the ground. 0« tlu N fide of
this river the land, iti general, id low and
rich ; that on the S (iJc is much higher
hut broken into hills and vales ; but
here the lowlands are not often overflow-
ed : both fides are lliaded with a variety
of ufcful timber.
Stonington, a pofl town and port in N.
London co. Connetfticut ; 14 miles E by
.S of N. London city, and 251 N E of
Philadelphia. The harbour fetit up from
the Sound, oppoitte to Fiflier's Ifland.
The town is feparated from Rhode Illand |
by the E line of the (late; and was fettled
in 1658. Here are 6 places of public '
worfliip ; and 5437 inhabitants.
Stono inlet, oa the coaft of S. Carolina,
is S of the channel of Charledon, at the
fi E corner of John's Ifland, which is
bounded by Stono river on the W. It
ir6 miles from the S channel of Charlef-
t(<n, and from this inlet to that of North
Edifto, the courfc is S WT by W J W,
tiiftant II miles.
W'tw Cape, in the Araits of Northum-
berland, is the northern limit of the
mouth of Bay Verte, and forms the S E
corner of the province of N. Brunfwick.
Stnrmont County, U. Canada, is bounded
£ bv the county of Glcngary ; S by the
river Pt. Lawrence, the W boundary of
ilic towallup ol' Oliuibruck ; and W by
»he late townfliip of Williamlbnrglij'
running N 34 degrees W, until it inter-
fetSts the Ottawa or Grand river ; thence
defcending that river, until it meets
the N W boundary of the county of
Glengary. The co. of Stormont com-
prehends all the i (lands in the river St.
Lawrence near to it, and the greater part
of the county lies fronting the St. Law-
rence. Smyth.
StouenueJt, a townfliip in Cumberland
CO. N. Jerfey.
Stoiigbton, (called by the Indians-, PaL-
mitt, or Pontipog, that is, taken from a fprin^
tlnit rifcth out of re:l earth,) a townihip in
Norfolk CO. MafTachufetts, incorporated
in 1716. It is bounded E by Braintrcc,
W by Sharon, and is 15 niilesjbuthwanl-
ly of Boflon. It contains 16,000 acres nt'
land, and 1020 inhitbitants. Iron ore i>
found here of an excellent quality, and
there is a rolling and Hitting mill, which
manufaiShire confiderable quantities of
fteel and iron. Great quantities of char-
coal, bafkets and brooms, are fent thence
to Bofton. Early in the war a large quan-
tity of gunpowder, of an excellent quality,
was made in this town, for the American
army, from fah petre, the produce of the
towns in its vicinity.
Stoiv, a towndiip of Ma(rachufetts,Mid'
dlefex CO. incorporated in 168.^, and con-
tains S90 inhabitants, 36 miles N W of
BoHon.
Stovf, a townfliip of Vermont, Chitten-
den CO. about 25 or 30 mile» E of Burling-
ton, has 316 inhabitants.
Stoioe Creek, one of the 7 townfliips into
which Cumberland co. in N. Jerfey, is di-
vided.
Strabane, two townfliips of Pennfylva-
nia ; the one in York co. the other in that
of Wafliington.
Strafford, a townfliip in Orange co. Ver-
mont, W of Thetfofd, adjoining, having
i6<2 inhabitants.
Strafford, a county of N. Hampfliire,
bounded N and N W by Grafton, S E by
Rockingham, and £ by Maine. It con-
tains 35 townfhips, almofl wholly agricul-
tural, and has no fea port. I'he branches
of the Pifcataqua and Merrimack, and
other flreains water this county ; befule
the lakes Winnipifeogce and OlGpee. It
contains .1 2,614 inhabitants. Chief town*
Dover and Durham.
Straiti of Beering, or Bbering, feparatf I
the N W part of N. America from the N 1
£ coafl of Alia. Beering's Illand lies m \
iat. ss N, and Ion. 164 35 E.
Hu'ifiur^, a poft town •i Virginia, She-
Bauuuiiii I
STR
sue
«:indoah co. on the N W branch of the
N fork of Shenandoah river, and contain!
n handfome German Lutheran church,
nnd 60 or 70 houfes. It is 77 miles N E
by Nof Staunton, 18 S S W of Winchef-
ter, 310 S W of Philadelphia, and 100
from Wafliington.
Strajburg, a town of Lancafter co. Penn-
fylvania ; fituated on an eminence, and
in the centre of a fertile and well cultivat-
ed country, and contains about 60 houfes,
feveral of which are built of brick. It is
8 miles E of Lancafber, 58 W of Philadel-
phia, and 114 from Wa(hington, and has
9411 inhabitants.
Strajburg, a fettlement in Kentucky,
near tne Bullit Lick.
Stratford, a tnwnfliip in Grafton co. N.
Hampfliire, on the E bank of Connedti-
cut river, between Cockburn N, and
Northumberland at the mouth of the
Upper Amonoofuck on the S. It was
incorporated in 1773, and contains a8i
inhabitants. It is 58 miles above Hanover.
Stratford, a pleafant pod town of Con-
nedlicut, in Fairfield co. on the W fide
of Stratford river, which contains % places
for public worfliip, feveral neat and com-
modious houfes, and 3650 inhabitants.
It is 14 miles S W of N. Haven, ao N £
of Norivalk, and 318 from Wafliington.
The townfliip of Stratford, the Cupbeag
of the Indians was fettled in 1638, prin-
cipally from MaflTachufetts.
Stratford River. See Houfattnie.
Stratbam, a townfliip of N. Hampfliire ;
Rockingham CO. Incorporated in 1693,
and contains 890 inhabitants. It lies on
the rnad from Portfmouth to Exeter $ 10
mile3Woftheformer,and4£of the latter.
Stratton, a townfliip of Vermont, Wind-
ham CO. about 15 miles N £ of Benning-
ton, having 471 inhabitants.
Straivberry Gap, a pafs in the moun-
tains on the road from Philadelphia to
Lancader ; 41 miles W of the former,
and 16 S £ of the latter.
Strawberry River, faHs into Lake Onta-
rio ; and is thus named from the great
quantity of large fruit of that name grow-
ing on its bank.
St. Regis, a confiJerable Indian village
on the S fliore of the St. Lawrence, oppo-
fitc Petite Ifle, Sf. Regis. .>
St, Regit, Grande IjU, in the river St.
Lawrence, U. Canada, and in front of the
townfliip. of Cornwall, contains froAi
800 to loco acres ; the foil it good ; and
the -Indians have corn fields there.
St. Regie, Petite I/le,'m the river St. Law-
rence, U. Canada, and in front of the St.
Regis Indians land ; the foil is good, and
the Indians hive corn fields there, the
fame as on Grande Ifle St. Regis, which
is near to it. SmjlL
Stroudj, a ftage on the new road from
Lexington in Kentucky, to Virginia, 17
miles N £ of Lexington.
StroudJbHrz, a pod town in Wayne co.
Pennfylvania,aa8 miles fromWafliingtont
Strong, a townfliip in Kennebeck co.
Maine, on the W fide of Kennebeck riv-
er, formerly called No. 3 or RecdftowiH
alxmt 40 miles N W of Augufta.
Stroudwaler, See Cafeo Bay.
Stuart' t IJland, on the N W coaft of N,
America, is about 6 or 7 It-agues in circuit,
about 17 leagues from Cape Denbigh oa
the continent. N lat. 63 IS'
Stuart, a town in Grafton ca N. Haaip-
fliire, on the £ bank of Connedticut riv-
er, has Colebrook on the S, and a tradt
of 2000 acres, on the N, belonging to
Dartmouth college. It has 99 inhabitantsi.
Stumfioiou, a fmall town of Pennfylva-
nia, Dauphin co. on a branch of Little
Swatara. It contains about 20 houfes,
and a German Lutheran and Calvinift
church united, tt is 24 miles E N E of
Harrifll>urg, and 89 N W by W of Phila-
delphia.
Sturbridge, a townfliip in the S W cor-
ner of Worcefter co. Mafi'achu<ett«, con-
taining 28,929 acres, bounded by Wood-
Ilock and IJnion on the S, and on the N
by Brookfield. It was incorporated in
1738, and contains 1846 iiihabitanti.
The butter and chcefe made here have
obtained high credit in the markets. It
is 70 miles S W by W of Bofion, and x%
S W of Worcefter.
Sturgeon Creek. See Kitlrry.
Sturgeon Lake, is tp the W of the chain
of lakes leading from the Grand Portage,
and £ of Lake la Place, U. Canada.
Styx, A {ma\l branch of Patowmac riv-
er, where it is called Columgoronto. It
riles in the Laurel Thickets, in the Alle-
ghany Mountains ; runs N, and empniea
oppofite to Laurel Creek.
Succefs, a bay, aUb called Good Succefs,
on Terrsi del Fiiego, or the weflern tliorc
of Strait le Maire. S lat. 54 50, W Inn.
65 25. Cape Succefs, on the point ofthis
,bay,lie8 in lat. 55 i S, and Ion. 6j 27 W.
Suceift, an uninhabited townfliip of N.
Hampflure,in Grafton co.N E of the White
Mountains on the £ line of the (late, in-
corporated in 1773.
Sutk Creek, empties into Teneflee river
from the S £, at the Syet,ot IVlirl, where
the river is coatradcd to the btiadth of
7fl|
SUF
6UG
90 yardi. It ii a few miles N from tlie
Georgia N line. See lentjjfte and Sballov>
Furd,
Saeilitig Cape, on the N W part of N.
America ; off which, and to the N £ (Rd
ef Kaye'« Ifland, it a muddy bottom with
from 43 to »7 fathoms water. The S W
point of Kayc's Ifl^ndis in lat.59 49 ^1
•ud Ion. 143 2 W.
SuJiury, a CO. of N. Brunfwieli, on the
Vf fide of St. John's river, towardi it*
mouth.
Sudiury^ or SaSuty, a townihip of Ver*
mont, in Rutland co. having Orwell on
the W. It contains 5*1 inhabitants.
Sudbury, Eaft, a townfliip of Maflachu-
fetts, Middlefex co. on the po(l road 19
iniles W of Bodon. It was incorporat-
ed in I78o,ar.d contains 835 inhabitants.
Siniiury, ffe/t, or Sudbuty, a townfliip
W of £. Sudbury, and 25 miles W of Bol..
ton. It wan incorporated in 1639, and
contains 1303 inhabitants.
Sudiury Canada, in York CO. Maine, is
on the S fide of Androfcoggin river, and
g of Andovcr. In 1796, it was ereifled
into a townfliip called Bethel, and ha«
two piriOies.
Sue, Lj, a powerful nition of Indians
inhabiting wedward of Lake Superior,
and the MilBfippi. Warriors 10,000.
Sjier, Fort le, in Louifiana, it on the W
bank of the Miffifippi, and £ of Fort
I/Huillier, on St. Peter's river.
Suet, a fioiirilhing village in the town
of Dennis, co. of Baniftablo, bordering on
Harwich, containing 36 dwelling houfes.
Belonging to this village are 5 fai| of fi(h-
x'rmen, and 24 fait works, which yield an-
nually upwards of 600 bufhcis of marine
(alt, hePide %700 lbs. of Glauber .''alt.
SitfJieU, a pleafant poft town of Connec-
ticut, Hartford it^. having a handfome
church and fome rrfpcdbable dwelling
houfci. It is on the W bank of Connec-
ticut river on the great port: road from
B<iilon to N. York, 10 milts S of Spring-
^eld, 17 N of Hertford, and 332 N £ of
Philadelphia. This towniliip was pur-
. chafed of two Indian facb<.ms iot £^0,
and itt 1670, w."" granted to Major John
.Pyncheon, by the a.Ttmbly of Maifachu-
.fetiH. It h.is a636 inhabitants.
SufJitH CO. of U.Canada, bounded E
by tue CO. of Norfolk, S by lake Erie,
mitil it meets the carrying -place from
Point aux Pins unto the Thames ) W by
the carrying place, and thence up th«
river Thames until it meets the north-
' wefternmud boundary of the co, of Npf'
{'
folk. Its boundaries were cftabliflied by
proclamation the 6th July 1 791. It fends
in conjundtiou with Eflcx, one reprcfcu-
tativc to the provincial parliament.
Smytb.
Suffolk, a CO. of Maffachufclts, fo nam-
ed from that in England, in which gover-
nor Winthrop lived, before he emigrated
to America. It contains 4 towns, BoAon,
ChcUiea, Hull and Hingliam, which have
»8,oij inliabitantt. Sunolk was conflitut-
•d a county, May |0, 1643. ^ce Majfa'
«!>u/ettt and Boflau,
SuffoH, a CO. of N. York, Long Idand, is
about 100 miles long, and 10 broad, and
comprehends all that part of the Hate
bounded eafterly and foutherly by the
Atlantic Ocean, northerly by the Sound,
and wcAerly by Lloyd's Neck, or Queen's
Village, Cold Spring harbour and the £
boundt of the townfliip of Oyttcr Bay ;
the line continued S to the Atlantic Oceaa,
inciudinc the Ifle of Wight, now called
Qitrdncr's Ifland, Shelter Mand, Plumb
lllandt, Robin's Illand, and the Gull Ifl-
and^. Filher'i Idand alfo belongs to it.
It contains 19,464 inhabitants. There
are 9 townfliips. SuHTolk co. court houfe,
is 15 miles from Southampton, ij from
Sagg Harbour, and 80 from N. York city,
. Here is a pod office.
Suffolk, a pod town of Virginia, in
Naulemona |co. on the £ fide of the river
Nanfemoud. It cpptains a court houle,
gaol, and about 40 huufes. The river is
thus far navigable for vefl'els of ajo tons,
ft is 28 miles W by S of PortfmOuth, 83 E
S E of Peterfliurg, |io S E of Riehmond,
386 from Philadelphia, and 240 from
Wafliington.
Sitffdi, a pod town in Suflez co. Virgin-
ia, 185 nnlcs from Wafhington.
Suffrage, a townfliip of N. York, in Ot«
fego CO. on the N fide of Sufquehannah R.
taken from Unadilla, and incorporated in
1796. The name has been fince changed.
Sugar Creek, or Cafart Greet, a confider-
able branch of Little Miami river.
Sugar Hill, ^ ragged eminence, the top
of which overlooks and commands the
whole works of Ticonderoga, where the
waters of Lake George empty into Lake
Champlain, and oppofite tort Independ-
ence, in the date of Vermont. Gen. Bur-
goyne made a lodgement on \hu hill,
which the Americans edeemed inaccefii'
ble ; and thus forced Gen. St. Clair to
abandon the fort in June, 1777.
Sugarlaaf Hill, a fmall natural landmark,
OR tb« N fltori^ of Lake £rie». between
SUM
SUN
rer-
e, the top
mands the
where the
into Lake
Independ'
Gen. Bur-
^hU hilli
inacceOi'
Clair to
lacdmatk,
1^ between
Ahtuo,and the Graod rlvcr,on tliehound-
fjcy between the tuwiUliips ut Humlicrf-
tone and Waiiitleet. Hwytb,
Sugar River, in Che(hirc CO. N. Hamp-
fliire, rifes in Sunapce Iake> <ind, after a
fliortcuurfc W,emptie« into Ciuuieclicut
R. at Ciermunt, and oppolite to Alhcut-
pey mountain in Vennunt. ThcTc is a
ftrong expcdlationof uniting this river, bv
a {hurt canal, with Contocook, whicn
falls into Meriiniack R. at Bofcawen.
Svgar Loaf Bay, gn the N £ fide of Juan
Fcrnaude'i Ifland ; loo leagues W of the
cnaft of Chili.
Sugar, a river of Veragua, wlilch cmp«
ties into the Bay of Honduras.
Sullivan, a pod town in Chenango co.
N. York, 499 miles from Wafhington.
Sullivan, a, to\vnfliip of Chefliire co. N.
Hampfliire, containing 488 inhabitants.
Sullivan, a poft town of Maine, Kan-
cock CO. and on Frenchman's fiay, 12
miles N W of Goldfborough, 38 W S W
of Pcnol'fcot, 310 N£ of Budon, and
796 from WaAiington. The townHiip
contains 504 inhabitants. See Wauiea^ue,
Sullivtin, a county of Ten^JTec, Wafli-
Sngton di(iriiA, 432 miles from Wafhing-
ton city. In 1795, it contained according
to the State ceni'us, 845 7 inhabitants, c^
whom 777 weie Haves. In i3co it had
10,2 1 8 inhabitants. At the court houfe
there 't<> a pod (>(Rca.
SuJlivan't IJland, one of the three iflands
wliich form tlie N part of Charleitun har-
liour, in S. Carolina. It is about 7 miles
S £ of Cbarledon.
Sulphur Creel, Liltlf, one of the fouth-
ern upper branches of Green river in
Kentucky ; and lies S W of another
branch called Bryant's Lick creek. Near
tttis is a fulphur t'pring. •
■Sulfbur Ifiandt, See Majrgaret's Ifei.
Sulphur Mountain, a noted mountain in
the ifland of Guadaluupe, famous for ex-
hahitions of fulphur, and eruptions of
«^ies. Oo the £ fide are a mouths of an
enormous fulphur pit ; one of thefe
mouths is 100 feet ip diameter ; the
depth is unknown.
Sutnanji/lown, a village of Pennfylvania,
Montgomery co. 33 miles N W by N of
PiiilBdelphia.
Sumner, a town in Cumberland co.
Maine, bounded by Hartford B and Paris
W. The wtfterly branch of Twenty miki
Stream tuna through this town. Incor-
porated in 1798.
Sumntr, a county of TcnelTde, in Mero
diftrifSt It is bounded N by Kentucky,
lands by tUe Indian landsi W by Da-
vitlfcn CO. It is wntered by Cumbcr-
!aiid river. It is very Icrtile, and has a
Ptclbytciian, a Laptid and a methodift
cluirclics. According to the ceul'us, ic
contains 461^) inhabitants.
SuMj'iier, a diOridt of S. Carolina, con-
taining 13,10,} inhabitants, 6563 being
Haves. See A'. Carolinj,
Sumpterfv<lle,i port tuwnin Clermont co,
S. Carolina, 519 miles from Walhington.
Sunapee, a lake and mountain in Chcflia
ire CO. N. Hainpfliirc. The lake is about
Bor 9 miles long, and 3 broad, and fend*
its waters through Sugar river W, 14
miles to ConneAicut river. '1 he moun-
tain Hands at the S end of the lake.
Suiiltuiy, a county of N. Erunfwick. It
is on the river St. John, at the headof tho
Bayof Fundy ; and contains 8 tuwnfliips,
viz. Conway, Gagetown, Burton, Sunbu-
ry, St. Annes, Wihnot,Ncwtou,and Alau-
gerville. The 3 lafl were fealed front
Maflachufetts, Conne«Slicut, &c. Ihe
lands are generally pretty level, and tol-
erably fertile, abounding with variety of
timber,
Sunbury, the chief town of Northumber-
land CO. Pennfylvania ; lituatcd near
where Fort Augulhi was i rtuStt. d, on ih^.
£ fide of Sufquehannah river, juft below
the juu(5lion of the £ and \V branches of
that river, in lat. about 40 j 3 N. It is
regularly laid out, and contains a court .
houfe, brick gaol, a PreA)yterian and Ger-
miin Lutlicruu church, and about 100
dwelling h( vS. Here the river is about
half a mile b;o:'U, and at the ferry oppo->
fite Northumberland, about a mile higli-
er, is ;^ths of a mile. It is about 76 miles
above Reading, xso N W of Philadel-
phia.
Sunlury,a, port of entry and pofl: town
of Georgia, beautifully fituated in Liber*
ty CO. at the head of St. Catherine's
Sound, on the main, between Medway
and Newport rivers, about 15 miles S of
Great Ogcechc river. The town and
harbour are defended from the fury of
the lea by the N and S points of St. Hele-
na and St. Catherine's Iflands ; between
is the bar and entrance into the Sound ;
the harbour is capacious and fafe, and
has water enough for fliips of great bur-
den. It is a very pleafant healthy town,
and is the refort of the planters from the
adjacent country, during the ficklj^
months. It WAS burnt during the hitp
war, hut has fince been rebuilt. Aq
academy was eftabliflied here in 1788,
which has been under an able in(lru<9:ort
and proved a very uf«ful inditution. It
f»
SUP
SUR
n 40inilM S ofSavitnnah, 974 Trom Ph!-
taclelphi.'t, iiiid ftyo trom Wailiington.
fiuncooi, York CO. Maine, now Lovell.
Suntferlnnd, a townOiip of Vermont,
' Bennington c«. 16 miles N E of Benning-
ton, and contains 557 inhabitants. A
Jean mine has been dJfcovered in this
lownfhip.
tiimderl.mtf, a towfifliipof MalTachufctts,
in Hainplhire co. on the E fide of Con-
necticut river, about 10 mile* N of Had-
ley and loo W of Boftoti. There is here
a nandfome Congregatioaat church, aftd
70 or 80 hvufes, lying chiefly on one
4lreet. It was incorporated ia 1718, and
contains Si7 inhabitants.
Su/>aj Una, or Devil's HHi, a remarka-
ble eminence in <2uito, in Peru, between
the vallies of Chugui pata, and thofe of
Paute. It has its name from a fabulous
Aory of enchantment, propagated by a
fuperditious Spaniard. It is thought to
contain rich mines.
Suj>triar,/jait, formerly termed the Up-
per Lake, from its northern fituation. It
inay juftly he termed the Cafpian Sea of
America, and is Aippofed to be the largeft
body of frefl\ water on the globe. Ac-
cording' to the French charts it is 1,500
-miles in circumference. According to
Mackeneie its greatcd breadth is 1 aomiles,
and its circumference, including the bays,
but 1 200. A great part of the coaft is
bounded by rocks «n<l uivjven ground.
It is fituated between 4A and 50 N !at. and
lietween 84 30 and 9z Wlon. The wa-
ter is very clear, and tranfparent. If the
I'un fliines bright, it is impofllble through
this medium to look at the rocks at the
bottom, above a minute or two. Al-
though the water, at the furface, is much
^varmed by the heat of the fun, yet, when
drawn .up at about a fathom depth, it is
very cold. Storms are more dreadful
here than on the ocean. "There are many
illands in this lake; two of them have each
land enough, if proper for cultivation, to
form a confiderable province ; efpecial-
iy Ifle Royal, which is not lefs than too
tnileb long, and in many places 40 broad.
The natives fuppofe the*? iflands to be
the refidence of the Great Spirit. This
iake difcharges its waters from the S £
corner through the Straits of St. Marie,
which are alxtut 40 miles long, into Lake
Huron. Lake Superior, although about
40 rivers empty into it, many of which
are large, yet it does not appear that one
tenth part of the waters which it receives,
i» 4ifcharged by the abovementioned j
ftrait ; Great part of the waters frspt-
rate ; and Providence doubrleft msikes ule
of this inland Ira to furnilli the interior
pans of tlic country with that fupply of
vapuurs,without wliicli, like the interior
parts of Africa, they mud have been i
mere defcrt. A number of triltes live
around the Lake. It abounds vrith a
great variety of tifh. There are troufn
weighing from 5 to 50 pound^ pickerel,
red and white carp, black bafs, herringi,
and white frfti. 'i'hefe laft weigh from 4
to 16 pounds. No very large rivers ntn
into this lake ; the principal are the St.
Louis, theNipigon,and the Mirhipicotcn.
The lake 13 olten covered with fog, whicli
when the wind is eaderly fall** un iIir
weftern fliore in torrents of rain. The
lines on the rocks furroundingthisimmenfe
lake prove that the waters arc about 6
feet lower than formerly.
Surinam, a province of S. America, be-
longing to the Dutch. 6ec Dutch Cuianf.
Surinam, a beautiful river of Dutcii
Guiana; three quarters of a mile widi^
at its mouth ; navigable ibr th« largeft
vefTels i a miles, and forfmaller veflels 60
' or 70 miles further. Its banks, quite
to the water's edge, are covered with
evergreen mangrove trees, which render
the profpe<a very delightful. The en-
trance is guarded by a fort and % redoubts,
but not of any great ftrcngth. At 6 mile*
up, the Commanwine falls into it, and on
the point of land between the two rivers
are the forts. The town of Surinam is
in lat. 6 10 N, and Ion. ss a» W. The
bed anchorage is under Zelandia Fort.
Surry, a county of N. Carolina, Saliibury
di(lri<Sl ; bounded £ by Stokes, and W by
Wilkes, k contains 9405 inhabitants, in-
cluding 96^ flaves. The Moravian fet-
tlements of Wachovia are in this county.
Near the river Yadkin is a forge, which
manufadlures bar iron. The Ararat or
Pilot Mountain, about 16 miles N W of
Salem, draws the attention of every curi-
ous traveller in this part of the State. It
is dii'cernible at the diftance of 60 or 70
miles, overlooking the country below.
It was anciently called the Pilot, by the
Indians, as it ferved them for a beacon, to
conduiTk their routes in the northern and
fouthern wai j. On approaching it, »■
grand difpiay of nature's workmanfliipi
in rude drefs, is eihibited. From it«
broad bafe, the Mountain rifes in eafy af-
cent, like a pyramid, near a mile high, to
where it is not more than the area of an I
acre broad ; when, on a fudcien, a vail
ftupenduus
nerica, be-
ulch Gtihtni).
of Dutcl>
mile widtt
the largeft
r veffels 60
ank», quite
vered with
hich render
. The en-
1 % redoubts,
At 6 miles
to it, and 011
two river*
Surinam is
W. The
idia Fort.
jajSaliftury
», and W by
ibitants,in-
[oravian fet-
thi» county,
forge, which
e Ararat or
itles N W of
every curi-
Jie State. It
of 60 or 70
ntry below.
ilot, by the
a beacon, to
lorthem and
iching it. *
'orkmanfliipi
From i»
[es in eafy af-
mile high, to
ic area of an
[dden, a vaft
ftupendous
8US
(lupendous rock, hitving the app-.>:iranre
•t a large calkle,- with itst bitllfnient<t,
•rcvStft its perpendicular height upwards
<)f ,^00 feet, and terminates in a fl it, which
is generally as level as a iluur. 'I'o al'ccnil
this precipice, there is only one way,
which, through cavities ami htlurch of the
rock, is with fomedidiculty and dunger
•iTetftcd. When on ihc- fummit, the eye
it entert.iined with a vafi, delighiliil prof-
pe^fl; of tlte A[>:ilachi;iu luouiUuiiis, on the
N, and a witlo, extciulcd level country
below, on the >S ; while the (IrcanMof the
Yadlcin and Diin, on the rijjht iind U-lt
h.tnd, are dilcuverL^J at fevtral <ti(k;int
lilaces, winding their way, through the
fertile low groumls, towards the ocean.
Surry, a county of Virjjinia, hutiiided N
liy James river, wliich fepunitcit it from
Charles City co. E by Ille of Wight, aird
W by Prince George's co. It contains
3477 free inhabitant!!, and ^2s>i ilives.
At the court houfe there is a pod olHce.
Siiiry, a townfhip of N. Hampfhire, in
Chefliire co. containing 569 inhabitants,
It lies £ of Walpole, adjoinng, and was
incorporated in 1769.
Surry, a town in Hancock co. Maine, on
the W bank of Union river, at its mouth,
about ao miles N £ of Cuftine.
Sufquebannab Rher, rifei in Lake U(la>
vanthe, in the State of N. York, and runs
ni fucli a ferpentine courfe that . it croil'es
the boundary line between the States of
Pennfylvania and N. York, three times.
It receives the Tyoga river in N lat. 41 57.
Afterwards it proceeds S £ to Wyoming,
without any obftruAion by falls, and then
8 W over Wyoming falls, till, at Sunbury,
in lat. 41 it meets the W branch of Suf-
quehannah, which is navigable 90 miles
from its mouth. From Sunbury the riv-
er is pafTablcwith boats to Harriiburg
and Middleton, on the Swatara. About
15 miles above Harr!fburg it receives
the Juniatta, from the north welt, pro«
ceeding from the Alleghany mountains
and flowing through a broken country.
Hence it takes its courfe about S £, until
it falls into the head of Chefapeak Bay,
)uft below Havre de Grace. It is more
than a mile wide at its mouth, and naviga-
ble only 30 miles, the navigation being ob-
IlruiSed beyond thnt by the Rapids. The
inland navigation between Schuylkill and
Kufquebannah, will bring by water to
Philadelphia, the trade of a mofl fertile
country of about 1000 miles fquare, or
6^)00,000 acres uf land. t[ this can be
accompli£hed,an inland navigation may be
caily okaAc t« tite QUisond to Lake Erie,
\
S M g'
which WiUiKl at once open a comm"«n|v
crition with above aooo mile* extent ut
wcllern country, viz. with all the };re:i'?
lakes together with the countrie-; whiclr
lie on the waters of IVlilIilippi, Milliiuri,
and all their liranches The water com-
munication between Schuylkill and .Suf-'
quchaunah, which is the foul of all this,
will he about 60 miles, as the naviRatij)!!'
nnilt g(S althmii;h the diftance on a line i»
«)nly 40 miles. This track is cut by twi>
creeks, the ^uit.ipuhilla and theTulpeho-
kRi. 'I'hel'e two crc«?ks lead within 4
miles of each otiier ; ilic lovcl of tlirir
head waters i» iieariv llie tame, aiul ihe
fp»Le between them makes tlie litijiht of
land, or, a-i it is ct)mm<iiily c.ilh'd, tiio
tvuTcw /.J//.'/ hi'twec'ii tiic two riv'Ms wl\;.l>
is nearly on a plain, and the txirtom uf
the can.tl, through which the navigation
midt pals, will no where rife more than
30 feet above the level of the htr.d w.ttcri
of the two creeks above mentioned, nfir
fo much as aoo feet above the level of the
waters of Sulquehannah or Skuylkill.
'I'hc Company inditutcd the a9th of Sept.
1 791, has a capital of 1000 lliarcs at 40m
doll.irseach. payable at fuch lime as the
Company flvill dircil. Tl'c work is al-
ready ill forwardnefs. Coid of an excel-
lent quality is found on feveral parts of
this river, particularly at Wyoming.
Siijfex, the north wefternmoft co. of N.
Jerfey. It is mountainous and healthy,
and has feveral iron mines ; and works
have been erci5fed for the manufatSlure of
bar and pig iron. It produces excellent
crops of wheat ; and in no part of the
State are greater herds of cattle. The
produce is floated down the Delaware is
boats and rafts. Here are 5 Prefbyteri-
an churches, a for Anahaptifls, i for Ger-
man Lutherans, and i for Quakers. It
contains 11 townfhips ; the chief of
which are Newton, Greenwich, Hardyf-
ton, Knowltovni, and Oxford. The pop-
ulation is 32,534, including 514 flaves. It
is hounded N £ by the State of N. York,
N W by Delaware river, which feparatet
it from Northampton co. in Pennfylvania,
and S £ and S by Morris and Hunterdon
counties. Pauhn's Kill is here navigable
for fmall craft 15 miles. The Mufconet-
cony, which divides the county frona
Hunterdon, is capable of beneficial im-
provements, as is tlie Pequeft of Pequafet,
between the abovementioned rivers. The
court houre in this county is 13 miles S
W of Hamburg ; 38 N £ of £aflon, ia
Pennfylvania ; 41 S W of Gofhen, in N.
^otk ; uid i3i N by K cf Philadelphia.
I
1;
SWA
SWE
*th» vWh'j* at thi» pUoc in cillt'd Uetftan.
•S'.^tr, u county of Viri^iiiiii, bouiiUud
N li liy Surry, and S W l>y Uuiwiddit. It
cuntaiii* J074 free inlMbiutttt, iuid SJ^ii
flikVCB.
jiu^x, a nuritime county of Delaware
State, bounded W and S liy the State of
Maryland, N C by Delaware Biy, E by
tli*e Atlantic Ocean, and N by Kent ro.
It contains 19,358 inliabitants, includin<r
a'ijo llavcH. Cape I-Knlopen is in tiie N
K part of the county. 'I'he land is gener-
ally low, r.indy and poor. Chief to>\4,
G'jor^etowa
Huiijur/anui Cieii, U. Canada, runs info
lako St. l'"ranci<,betwot'n I'ointe an Bodct
and Polntc Mouillce in the townfliip oi
Lancaflor. Smvtk
Si.Uo/i, a townfliip of N. Haniplhire,
Ill'.lfboroui^ii CO. coiitaininjr 878i.ihabit-
ants. It WM tirfl call d I'cri yflown.aud
Wa» incorporatctl in 1784.
Siitijti, a townfliip in Wonertur co.
Maflachufettii. 46 niilea W S \V of Kof-
lon, and 10 lu'Ies S by E of Worcefler. It
tras incorporated in 1 718, and containn
45.^0 inhabitants. Plere arc 10 gr^ft
mills, 6 law mills, 3 fulling mills, a paper
tnill, an oil mill, and 7 trip hammers.
There .ire 5 icythe and axe makers, one
hoe mikcr,fcvcral who work at nail ma-
king, and 6 works for making pot nlh.
Here are found ginfcng ,-ind the cohuHt
root. The cavern, commonly called J'ur-
gtilory, in the foiith eallern part of the
town, i« a natural curiofity. Bodies of
ice are found here in June, although the
defcciu is to the fouth.
Sioullow JJlanJ, in the PaciHc Ocean, S
lat. 10, E Ion. from Paris, 162 30; dif-
covered liy Roggewins, 1721.
Sivampot,OT Great River, to <Uftingu!ni
h from another much lefs, alfo called Ex-
ftfr River, rife* in Chefter, in N. Hamp«
{hire, and after running through San-
down, Poplin, Brentwood, and a confid-
crable part of Exeter, alTording many ex-
cellent mill feats, tumbles over a fall 20
or 30 rods in length, and meets the tide
from Pifcataqv.a harbour, in the centre of
the townfliip of Exeter. The fmaller river
rifes in £rcntwood and joins Great river
about a tliird of a mile above Exeter.
Here are caught a plenty of alewives and
feme oyfters. Swamfcot Is the Indian
name of Exeter.
Swan IJland, in Maine, divides th« wa-
ters of Kennebeck river, 3 miles from the
Chops of Merry Meeting Bay. It is 7
■iii« l»ag, and has a navigable channel
on both ruli'i, but (h it to the C i* niodlf
ul'ed. It was the Icat of the facliem Knif
Im. The ri.'ci- itlclf pr'diably took it*
name fiom the race of Sagamore* of the
name of Kcncbis.
S'tvitiniano, tlia 1' head Water of French
Droad rivet, in Tenelfee. Alfo the name
of a fcttlement within about 60 mile* of
the Ct'crokee nation.
Stuitntifjurougb, the chief town of On-
flow CO. Wihuiuj^ton diAri(St,N. Carolina.
Sxviiiifi, a towulhip in Chefliire co. N.
II iinplliirc, adjoining ChcUcrtreld on the
K, 97 miles \V of Portlmoutli. It was
incorporated in 1753, and contains 1271
inhabitants.
S-ihutJly, a pofl town in Briftol co. Maf-
fachmeiti, containing 1741 iiiliabit:u)t.'i.
It was incorpnrated in 1667, and lies 51
mile* S of Boft;m.
Stvanion, a port town of Vcrmonf,
Franklin co on the E bank of Lake
Champlain, on the S fide of Miichifcoui
river. This townlTiiphai a cedar I'wamp
intheNWpart of it, towards Hog III-
and. The M.fchifcoui is navigable for
the largcd boats 7 miles, to the falls in
this town.
Sii'iifitmrn, in Kent co. Maryland, is a-
bout 3 miL's foutli eaftcrly o( Oeor-ctown.
StviJeJb'jrougb, a fmitll poll town of N.
Jcrfey, Gloucefler co. on Racoon Creek,
3 miles from its mouth, in Delaware riv-
er, 11 S by W of Woodbury, 17 N by E
ofS.alem, ao foulherly of Philadelpliia,
and 166 miles from Wafliington.
Su'tdijb Amrric.u The Swedes had an-
ciently fcttlemcnts on Delaware river,
and the Swedilli church in Philadelphia
is the oldelt in that city. The only A«
mericau fcttlement they have now, is the
fmall ifland of Darthdomc-rv, or BarthcUmi,
in the Wed Uidies, which is about 30 miles
in length, and the fame in breadth. It was
obtained from France in 178J, and gave
rife to the Swedifli W. India Company.
Sweet Sfriagt, a port town in Virginia,
30 miles E by N of Grecnbiiar, 9.5 W »i
Staunton, 380 S W of PhiiadclphiJ,
and 300 miles from Washington. The
mineral fprings here often draw 4 or joO
people together for their health and a«
mufcmcnt during the monthsof July,Au-
gud, and September.
Swell Water Creek rifcs 'among the
eaflern branches of Bear Creek and Tom-
higby ; it runs N and empties into tho
Teneflee 3 miles above Long Ifland. h
is fed by fprings of excellent water,
whence th« name given it.
S-wtliint,
TAC
TAL
•NmIwv, • river of Pennfjlvaaia, wh!ch
falli iutolh* Sttfauehana** from the M U
about 7 auU* 8 E of Harrifliurg.
SyJnty, or C«/^ Srthn Htmti which fw.
&0httjt a town OB tha W fide of Keana-
beck river, in Kcnocbeck co. 9 milm N
of AugufUi *ad hu lot I inhiibitaiittt
Syt^urf' St9 Simjhmry.
SyPtmbt, an iilaud on the coalt of ftra-
sil, in S. Amcric4i kbout 7 leuguc* M £
of 6u John'* Ifland, and N W from a
range of iilanda which form tha great
Say of Para.
/ AAWIRST, att of the tiiro fHiall ilU
andi within the reef of the idand of Ota<
bcitc,!n the S. Pacific Ocean. There i(U
andk have anchorafc within the reef that
furruund* them.
ttiAaii; ail ifland in the Bay of Panaihat
ahout 4 mile* long, and .1 btoad. It i«
ncuntainoui, and abounds with fruit
tVteii. N lat. 7 50, W Ion. 60 16.
Taiafft an iiland {a the S \^ part of
the Gulf of Mexico, and at the bottom iif
the Gulf of Can)peai:hy, it about 36 mile 1
long, and about 7 broad \ and on It is
built the town of Tabafcu, in lit. 17 40
K, auil loo. 9^ 39 W. It ii the capital
of a rich province of its name, and is lit -
uatcd at the month of the river Grijalva,
90 miles £ of Efpirilo Santo, and 160 S
E of Mexico. It is not large, but is well
^uiltt an^ is confiderably enriched by a
conOant rcfort of merchants and tradef-
men at ' Cbriftmaa. The river Grijalva
divides itfclf near the fca into two branch-
cs, of which the wjeftern falls into the
river TaWfcoj^ wlilcb rifcs in the mounr
tains of Chiapa, and the other continues
its courfe till within 4 Ipaguei of the fca,
where it fubdividcs,and feparatcs t|ie id-
and /rom the continent. Near it are
plains wtiich a'hound with cattle and oih-
cr aniniaU, particularly the mountain
eow, fo chilled from its refembliog that
creature, and feeding on a fort of mols
found on the trees.near great rivers.
Tittle Mountain. See S. Carolina.
Ttlognilla, or Z'ttle Taiago, an ifland
Til theltay of Panama. The channel be-
tween them is narrow hut eood, through
which f^ips pafs to Point Chama or Nata.
Taiotyamanoe, a fmall ifland in the Pa-
cific Ocean, fubjcdt to one of the Society
Iflaodv^
facamti, a bay on the coa{^ pf P«Hi,io
Vol. I £ee« '
Ltt. about I 6 N. and 3 leaguei to the II
£of Puiiu Oalcra.
TMihi/i P§int, on the coaft of N. Mexico,
18 milet from the town of Pamaro;
744»i{fj<, a fmall place iu L. Caitada,
at the mouth uf the river SaguiiM/, oa
the N (koi^c of tlie river 8t. Lawrence.
Hut* a cui^fidcrable trade ha* been car-
had on with the Indians, they bringing
their fun ai\d exchanging iheni for £u*
ropcan clotiW utcnAls and trinkets. It ia
9t mill* below Qiiebec. N lat. 48, MT
^o. 67 3j. Sec f.ijrwjM^ Slvtr.
^ Tain/a, a fcttlemcni m W. Florida, oa
the E cliannncl of the great Mobile riv
er, on a high bluff, and on the fcite of an
ancient Indian town, which i* apparent
from many artificial mound* of earth
and other ruioa. It i* about 30 milca
above Fort Conde, or city of Mobile,
at the head of tiie bay. Here i* a de-
lightful and extcnlive profpe<£t of fome
fluurifliing plantation*. The inhab-
itant* are moftiy of French cxtraAion,
and are chiefly tenants. The myrit» in*-
i*ra, or wax tree, grows here to the height
of 9 or 16 feet, and produce* excellent
wax for candles.
Tagapipt, a cafHe eredfd on a point of
land in the Bay of All Saints, iu Brazil.
It is pretty confidcrable, and adds greatly
to the Drangth ot St. Salvadore.
tago, Sant, on the W coafl of N. Mex-
ico, between b'alagiia and the White Ruck.
Tultoru, one of the fmalleft of the
Sandwich Iflandt, 3 leagues from the S
W part of Mow'c.
TaLbiifieLte, a confidcrable town of the
Seminole Indians, fituated on the elevat-
ed E banks of the Uttle river St. John,
near the buy of Apalache, in the Gulf
of Mexico, about 75 miles from the Ala-
chua favanna. Heic are near 30 habita-
tions ronftrudied of frame work, and
covered with the bark of the cyprefs tree ,
.nfter the mode of Curcowilla, and a fpa-
cious and neat council hoiife. Thefe In-
dians have large handfome canoes, which
they form out of the trunks of cyprefs
trees, fomc capacitKit enough to hold 30
or 30 warriora. In thcfc they defcend
the river on trading and hunting expedi-
tions on the fea coaft, iflands, and keyst
quite to the Point of Florida ; and fome-
times croft the Gulf and go to the Baha-
ma Iflands, and even to Cuba, and bring
returnn of fpirituous li<j[uors, coffee, fugar,
and tobacco.
7aA«/e^M,or T«JZii/oo/"«, ihfpreat NE
branch of the Alabama or Mobile river.
h
1 \y
bti-i
TAL-
T'AM
\k Florida. It rife«.iii the hig^ ':«nd« near
the Cherukces, and runs throuj'; the high
eouRtry of the Oakfuflcce tribes in a vrcf\-
wardly diredtinn, and is full of rocks, falls
iMtd llioais, until it reaches the Tucka-
batches, where it becomes deep and qui-
et ; from thonce the ccurfe is W about
.•JO nillyesto Little Tallarir, where it unites
with the Coofa. or Coofa Hatcha. At
Coolfomc, near Otufle, a Mufcogulge
town, this river i« 300 yards broad, and
about 15 or 20 feet deep. The water t»
dor and falubrious. In mod mapfflk
iht lower part of this river is called Oui-
f,JkU.
Tiiljjftr, or TiiUaffie, a CO. confiding of
* tra^ of Und bounded by E. Florida on
the S,' from which the head water of St.
Mary's river partly ieparates it ; N by
Alatamaha rivcp, E by Glynn and Cam«
den tountic-s, and W by a line which ex-
rends from the W part of Ekanfanoka
Swamp, in a N £ dirc£l:ion iill it ftrikes
the Alatamaha river, at the mouth of the
Oakmuigec, It is faid that the (hte of-
Georgia had exdnguifhed the Indian
claim to thiH tra<5laf land, but it hasbcen'
given up 10 tlie Indians as the price of
peace ; for which that ftatc makes a claim
lopjTjo.ooo with intered, fince .'ic treaty,
upo«i die United States;
falajfte, a town of the Upper Creeks,
in the MilTilIppi territory, on the S fide
of Talaptwfec river, didant aboui: 3 days
journey from Apalachicola' on Cha'ta
Uc)m river. It it alfo called Bi£ Talaf-
iee. *
taHnft IftanJ, on the coad of Georgia,
the N point of which is in lat. about 30'
44 M, where St. Mary's river empties into
the ocean bet ween- this illand and Amelia
Idand on the N.
Talbot, an ifland ton the coad of E. Flor-
ida. T^e faitds at the entrance of NafTau
lie three miles oflTtheS £ point of Amelia
I. and from the N £ point of Talbot t.
Talbot, a county of Maryland, on the
E fherc of Chcfapeak bay, bounded E by
ChOptiink liver, which divides it from
Caroline co. and 8 by the fame river,
which fcparatcs it from DoK'cdcr. It
contains 1.1,436 inhabitants, of whom
4775 are flavcs. The foil is rich and fer-
tile.
Talca^uama, a cape on the coad bf Chi-
li, xi leagues N E of the ifland of St. Ma-
ry, amd-a N of Port St. Vincent.
Tafiajiwmu Pvit, is 9 miles within the
sfbuve point of its name, 4nd is one of
twegobd roads in the bay-of Goiiception.
Thetow* here has been built fiAce the city
of Concei>tion was deftroyed by an earth-
quake in 1751, whtehWBsr « leagues dif-'
tant. 'J'he town ftands on the river Bio-
bio, and contains ie,GOO inhabitants.
Here is the Epifcopal cathedral', the feat
of the Biihopi and all the religious hotifex.'
The government of the didri(Sfc has been
wholly military and cccleriaftiostl. The
cbuiKry round is remarkaMy healthy and
fertile; yielding 60 f«kl. Vaft numbers of
cattle aVe annually killed for their hides
and tallow, which are fcnt to Lima. A-
bout zoo,oco dollars worth of gold is an-
nually coUeffled frogi the funds of the
rivers in this biflioprick. The Indians of
this i«puntry have nuoicrouaJKrdt of cat-
tle, and plenty of horfts, and live m^re
like the 'I'artars bf Afia.'thanthehivages
of N. America. See ConuhtioH.
Tailed Point, a Ttidivk for anchoring in
the harbour of Port Royal, on the S
cu,<d of the ifland of 'Jani^ieU.
Taho Harboitr, on the N fide of the ifl-
and of Eimeo, in the ^. Pacitic Qcean. S
lat. 1 7 30, W Ion. 1 ja
Tjimalejte, aA inland city, irt the prov-
ince of St. Afartha, on the cpiiA of Terra
Firma. It is fituated on the banki> of
Magdaltna river, and carries on a trade
on tliat river f^om New Granada to Car-
rhagensi, from whence it it didant above
I jo miles.
Tamar, Ca/ie, is the N VT point of a
large bay and harbour oq the N fliore of
the Straits of Magellan, within the cape.
The S £ point of the bay is named Prov-
idence. S lat. 51 Jl, W loo. 75 40.
Taaarika, an ifland on the coaft of Bra-
zil, about 34 utiles in length, % miles Nof
Pornovello, and has a harbour and good
frefh water. S lat. 7 56, W Ion. 35 5.
Tamatamjue, called by the Spaniard!^,
yUia t/e lilt Fulmat, a to«rn of Santa Mar-
tha, in. Terra Finna, S. America ; on the
E bank of Santa Martha civer, ibout l8
miles above TeneriSe.
Tamio Land, on the COktk of Peru, ex-
tends about 9 miles from Cape Reniate to
Playa de los Perdriees, or the Partridge
Strand, about 9 miles. There is clear
and good anchorage iipon this drand, un-
der a row of high, ridgy, and fandy bills.
On making them from the fea, they re-
femble a covey of partridges jud riling ;
hence the naihe of the coad.
Tamm.my's, St. a village on Dan river,
in Virginia, 15 miles from Gill's Bridge, 7
from Mecklenburg, court houfe, 42 from
Halifax court houU, in N> Carolina, 398
from
TAP
TAR
from Philadelphia, and 336 from Wifli-
iiijjtun. Here is a po(V office.
Tammany, Fort St. Of St. Mary's, at the
mouth of St. Mary*« river, on the S line
of Georgia. SecSt.,Mary^i.
Tammatd Piifba,' a low ifland of the N
Pacific Qceaiiji'Iald to be near the Sand-
wich Iflands. '
Tampu IJaniy ocie. of the fiiiall iilets
wliich form pArt of the reef on the E fide
of Ulietea I. one of the Society Illandi.
Tampa. See S^iriiu Saato.
TdMTv^r/i, a tow0flup in th;- northern
part ofStrafTord td, ii. HampOiire. It
contains JsJ inhahitiittt.
Tantuiity Bay, on the coaft of Brazil,
hai a good road, flieltered by the faad*
that lie oflT within 3 miles of the fhore,
between Point Negro and Point I^uena.
Taaeytown, a fmall jjoft town of Mary-
land, in Frederick co. between Piney kim
and Pine Creek, on which are a number
of mills and fome iron works. It lies 37
iniles N^ by E of Frederickftown, and 71
froin Wadiirtgton.
Tancla, or Tonela, a tradl: of (hore oil
the W coaft of Mexico, on the N. Pacific
Ocean, conxmencing near the Sugar Loaf
H>ll> about 16 miles within the land,
bearing N £ and S W with the burning
mountain of Ijacatccolula about 18 mites
up the river Limpa.
Tangola, an ifland in the N. Pa(!if3c O-
cean, and on the W coaft of N. Mexico ;
affording good anchorage and plenty of
wood and water. It is about 60 miles W
of Guatiniala.
T.iHguey, or Tonpuey, on the coaft of
Chili, IP. the S. Paciiic Ocean, in 30 miles
from Limari, and in lat. 30 30 N.
Tan/a, a braach of the river Mobile, 3
IcHgues below the Alabama branch.
T<i:», the inoft Coutherly.of the Friend-
ly Iflands, in the S. Pacific Ocean, is
about 10 leagues in circuit, and fo elevat-
ed as ;o be Teen 4t the diftance of 12
leagues.
Tatiiiaj an ifTand in the S. Pacific O-
ccin, one of the Society Iflands. S lat.
14 .10, W Ion. 145 9.
Tupanatepeque, a tuwn of Guaxaca, nnd
audience'of Mexico. It ftaiuls at the foot
'of the mountains Qnclenos, at the bottom
of a bay in the S. Sea; rcprcfcnted'as one
the pleafanteft places in this country, and
t\ii b-ft furnifhjd with flefh, fowl and
^fli, being contiguous both to tht. fea and a
river, amidft rich farms, each of which
being ftoeked with batween looo and
40OQ bead of cattle. Here are delightful
walks uf orange, lemon, citron, fig and
other fruit trees.
Taparita, a long ifland on the \V fide of
the entrance into the Bay of All Saints,
In Brazil. See Bahia.
Tapayo, a town of S. America, on the S
bank of Amazon river, eafterly from the
mouth of Madeira rivdr.
Rappahannock, a pi)ft town and port of
entry o^ Virginta, in EiTex co. between
DangerSeld N, and Hofkin's creek S, and
Wo. the S AV" bank of Rappahannock river,
4.milcs from Richmond, 67 from Wil-
Ijamfburg, and ii7 from Waflungton. It
is alfo called /f'^^W //b/r ; which fee. It
is laid out regularly, on a rich plain, and
contains abuut 100 houfes, an epifcopal
church, a court houfe, and gaol ; but ii
rather unhealthy. The exports for one
year, ending Sept 30, 1794, amounted to
the value of 1^0,673 dollars.
Tappan, or Oran^clotun, a town of N.
York, in the S E part of Oranire co. about
4 miles from the W bank of HiidAm riv-
er, and at the S end of the .Tappan fea.
Here is a reformed Proteftaiit Dutch
church.. Major Andre, adjutant general
to the Britifharmy fuiTcred here as a fpy,
b(£t. 3, 1 780 ; having been taken on iiis
way to N. York, after coiiecrting a plan
with major general Aroold for the deliv-
ering up Weft Point to the Britilli.
Tappan Sea, or B.iy, a dilatation of Ilud-
fon river, oppofite the town of Tappan,
and 35 miles N of K. York city ; immedi-
ately S of and adjoining Havtrftraw Uay.
It is 10 miFcs long and 4 wide ; and has on
tlie N fide Gne quarries of a reddini free
(lone, ufed for buildings and grave ftonrs;
which arc a fource of great wealth to tiic
proprietors. See Steep Rcclt.
Tapuyes, or Tupayos, the moft conildera-
ble nation of the native BrasiiianK, in S,
America, that have not yet been conquer-
ed by the Pbrtuguefe They fpread them-
felvcH a great way inland to tlic W, and
are divided into a nuniber of tribes or
cantons, all governed by their own kini^s.
TuraLumary, a province of N. Spain,
1200 miles from the c.ipital.
Turborough, a poft town of N. Carolina,
on the W fide of Tar River, about 85
iriirs from its mouth, 140 f; oni Ocrccoik
Iiiltt, no N by E of I'ayettcviMe, 37 S of
Halifax, iiz S by W of Pelerlburg in
Virginia, and 420 S W of Philadelphia.
It contains 523 fouU, a court houfc and
gaol. Large qtianiities of tobacco, of the
Pcterfburg quality, pork, beef, and Indian
corn are collcdlcd, here for ezportatiou.
Tarija^
nil 'V' VI
ym
TAT
TAU
I'^rijiit or Chichat, one of the fourteen
jurifditStipns, belonging to the archbidibp-
ric of PUta, ' in Peru. It lies about 90
miles S of Plata, and its greated extent be-
ing about 105 miles. .The temperature
of the air is various ; in fome parts hot,
and in others cold ; ,fo that it has the ad-
vantage of corn, fruits and cattle. This
country abounds every where in mines of
gold and (iiver ; but efpecially that part
called Chocayas. ^tween thu province
an^the country inhabited by thewild'Ijtf^
dians, runs the large river Tipuanys, the
f^nds of which beipg mixed with gold,
are wafhed^ in order to feparate the grains
Of that metal.
' Tar, or Pamliea Hiver, a confiderable
river of N. Carolina, which purfues a S E
courfe, and palling by Walhingtou, T"'
Iwronnh and Grcenvi)le, enters Pamlico
Sound in latl 35 21 N.' it is navigable
j for vcfleU drawing 9 feet water to the
town of \Va{hington, 40 miles from its
mouth, and for fcows or flats carrying 30
or 40 hhds. 50 miles farther to the toi|ri>
pf Tarborough. Recording tp the report
of a committee, appointed by the legidar
ture of N. Carolina, tp inquire into f he
pradlicability of improving the inlancj
Navigation of the State, it is fuppofedthat
this river, an^ Fifhy Creek, a branch of
it, may be ma^e iiaviga|>le 40 miles al^ve
Tarborough.
Tarfaultn Cove, OP the coaft of MafTa-
chufetts, lies about 3 leagues N N W of
Holmes's Hole, in Martha's yiueyard. It
is high water here, at full and .change, %
minutes after 10 o'clock , 5 fathoms
water.
TtirrytnvH, a coqfidcrable village {4
the tqwnfliip of Greenfburgh, N. yoxV, on
the E bank of Hudfon's river, 30 miles N
of N. York ?ity. poder a large tree,
which is fhewn to travellers a» they pafs
the river, is the l^ot where the unfortu-
nate M.ijor Andre was taken ; yrho was
afterwards executed at Tappan.
tarfiovin. See livwi/burg, I»ennfylya-
nia.
Tarie't JlafiiJs, La, on the river Ohio,
40 miles above the mquth of ^he Great
Kanhaway.
Tatntageuehe, a place in Nova Scqti^, on
a (hort bay which fets.up foutherly from
the Straits of Northuml^erland; about ajr
miles from Onflow*, and sr from the ifl-
and of St. John's. See Southampton. It
lias a very good road for vrfTcIs, and is
knowif 4ifo under the names Tatamas<"f
aitu.
r - '
'tai'naU, a new county in Georgia,
talnam Cafit, the ealUrn point of Haye's
river, ip Hudfob^s ^y. N lat. 5 7 35, W
Ion. 91 30.
. latoMtei, an inan4 ia the S. Pacific 0-
c'can, one of the Tngraham lies, called by
Capt. Ingraham,iV««il/i(i, and bv Captaiu
Roberts, Btah. See Tngraham Jfl,s.
'taumatot an ifland about 1150 leagucf
front Mexico, where de Q[uitos (tayed i o
days. One of the natives named above
(^o iflan^s round it. Some of the names
follow, viz. Manicola, Chicayno, larger
than 'Taiimacb, apd a^iout 300 miles from
it ; Guatopo, ijp miles from Taumaco;
'I'ncopia, at 100, where the country of
Manicola lay. The natives had, in gen-
eral, lank hair j fonre were white, with
red hair ; foroe inulattpes, with curled
hair ; and fome woolly like negroes. De
Quiros obferves that in the bay of Philip
and Ji^mes, were many black Itones, very
b^avy.fqmeof which he carried to Me:i:-
ico, and upon aflUying theqi, they found
7(fiur/«i, a river which empties intQ
Narraganfet Bay, at Tiverton, oppolite
the N end of Rhode Ifiand. It is formed
by fev<:ral Oreams ^hich rife in Plymouth
ca Maflachufetts. Its courfe is about 50
miliw from N E to S W, and it is naviga-
ble forfmall veflcls to Taunton.^
Taunton, a pod town of Mafia chufetts,
Sind the capital of Bridol co. on the W fide
of Taunton river, and contains 40 or 50
houfes, compadlly built, a church, court
houfe, gaol, and an academy, which was
iificor'po'rated in 1 791. It is 36 miles S hy
fe of Boflon, ai E of Providence, a i N <-f
Pcdfqrd, aqd 46Q from Wufliington. The
townfliip pf Taunton was uken fron;i
Raynham, and incorporated in i639« antl
contain^ 3860 inhabitants. A flitting
jnill was eietfted hjire iii 1 776, and for a
cpnfiderabljp time the only one in MafTa-
chufetts.and ^ -^ thefli the heft ever built
in America. e annual produtflinn of
3 mills now in this' tcwnfhip is not lefs
than Sooltons of iron ; a^ut jQtons are
cut, and 30Q hammered into nails, and
the remainder is wrought intp fpadcs and
lliQVelr, flifwljich laft article 400 dozen
lire rolled annually. Mr. Samuel Leon-
ard rolled the firiH ftiovel ever done in A-
merica. This invention reduces the price
one half. Wire drawing, and rolling flieet
iron for the tinmanufai^re are executed
here. There is alfu a manufaAory of a
fpecies of ochre, found here, into a pig-
ment of a dark yellow colQUr.
Ittuitti/i
TEL
TE h
VauHtoH Bay, in M»inf , Ib 6 milet from
Frenchman's Bay.
Tavernier Key, a fmall ille one of the
Tortiigas, a miles from the S W end of
Key Largo, and j N £ of Old Matacombc.
}4 pf this lad illand is a very good road.
'TaioaHdee Creel, in Northumberland co.
PcDDrylvania, rnn* tl E into the £ branch
of Sufquchannab, i% oulei S £ of Tioga
Point.
7awas, an Indian tribe In (he ft^te of
Ohio, 1 8 miles up the Miami of the liake.
Anothir tribe of this name, inhabit high-
er upthe fame river, at a place called the
Rapids.
Tatvtxtiwi, the Englijb, or Piejue Town,
in the State of Ohio, is fituated on the
N .W bank of the Great Miami, 35 miles
below the 5 mile portage, to the Miami
of the Lake, and 68 S W by S of Miami
Fort, It was taken in I7J3, by the French.
Nl3t. 4Q4i,'Wlon. 84 48.
TazevieU, a po(t town in Clairbourne
CO. Teneflee, 517 miles from Wafliington.
Tazewell, a county in Virginia, 370
miles from Wafhington. Here is a pod
olfice kept at the court houfe.
Teaches, a fmall ifland clofe to the £
Hiore of Northampton co. Virginia, and
N by E of Parramore Ifland.
Tecnnntepec, a large bay on the W coaft
of N. Mexico, on the S (ide of the Iflhmus
from the bay or Gulf of Campeacby, in
the S W part of the Gulf of Mexico ; and
bounded W by Point Angelos. The port
town of its name, lies in lat. 15 iS Ni and
Ion. 96 15 W.
Teeonie FalL, are in Kennebeck river, |8
Btilesabove theflowingof the tide,6j above
the mouth of the river. In the courfe of
26 rods the water falls 20 feet over a rag-
ged bed o*^ rock;, 400 feet in width. At
the head of the f^l's an iHand of folid rock
li^s its fummit, waiting to receive a bridge,
which it is expf iSled will be f redled over
the river in this place.
Tebuaean, a city of N Spain, ^20 miles
S £ of Mexico.
Teky Stutid, on the coaft of Georgia, S
pf Savannah river, is a capaciuUi roasl,
where a large fleet may anchor i from
xo to 14 (athoms water, and be land-lock-
ed, and have a fafe entrance over the bar
of the river. The flood tide is generally
7 feet.
Ttliea, a burning mountain on the W
coaft of N. Mexico, feen at N N E over
the ridge of Tofta. It is one of the range
Vf volcanoes wliich are feen along the
•raft Inv^ Fort St. John's to T«fa»Bt^ ^
peck, and i« 18 mi!c« from Volcano rfel
Vejo, or old Man's Burning Mountain \
and there are two others between tfitm,
but not fo eafily dil'cerucd,as they do not
often emit fmoke.
TtllUo Block Hovfe, in TcnnefTee, cre«£l:"»
ed in 1794, (lands on the N bank of Ten*
neflee river, iramediate!y oppofife the t«^
mains of Furt Loudon ; and is computed
to be 900 miles, according to the courfe
of the river from its mouth, and J2 mil^
S^ KnoxviLe in Tcuucflee. In point i^f
tmiation, it is much admired. A gentleman
of great tafte and fcience, who had ft en
much of Europe, and America general! yv
exclaimed* upon casing his eye fiom it Rp
the river, to the eaft, '* What a fccne fdr
the exerciie of the geniits of a hmdiicape
painter! " Upon this view you Heboid the
Tenneflee for feveral miles delccnding
from the foot of the mountains. At abuuc
(ix miles the eye is intercepted by the
Chilhowee mountain, extending from N
E to S W ; and further to the E you be-
hold mountain rifmg above raminrain to
a great height, in fucuner clothed in rich,
verdure, and in winter covered with fnow.
To the S looking acrofs the river «n^
over looking the remains of Fort Loudon,
is a very exteuiive plain, forming a very
pleaftng contrad witn the mountains, in
which are a number nf the Cherokee
towns, at prefeiit inhabited, and the rt-
mains of majy others, which have been
dcftroycd by the white people fince the
year 1776. To the W the eye is again
delighted with a view, for mile.i.down
the river, and the remaini of feveral
large Indian towns. From the N
comes Nineenile Creek, through a rich
tiadb of country, and empties into the
Tenneflee one hundred paces above the
block houfe. As a military poft, it ha«
been the comer ftone of the prefent peace
with the Chcrokees, and creeks too, fo
far as refpcdts this country; and as a
trading poft, it will very mpch contribute
to the prefervaiion of peace with thofe
two nations.
Telligue, Great, m Teneflee, was on the
£ Ade pf the Cbot* branch of Teneflee
river, about 25 miles N £ of the mouth
of Holfton river, and 5 S of th- line which
marked Lord Granville's limits of Caroll-.
na. This was a Britifli faSory, eftablilTi.
ed after the treaty of Weflminfler, }»»
17«9-
TtUigwo MeuHtaht, lie 8 of the al)o\'e
place, and (eeqi to )»e part of nbat are
la
it. 11
^!l'
m
TEN
TEN
BOW called the Great Iron MountaiiM, in
the lateft maps.
funplt, a place in N^w Qaiicia, 200
kague* N W of the city of Mexica
Temple, A towntTiip of N. Mampfliire,
HlUibiirough co. N of New Ipfwich, and
70 miles W uf PortTmouth. Jt was incor-
porated in i 768, and contains 867 inhab-
lUtatt. .
ttmple, a town in Kcnnebeck co on the
W fido of the river, incorporated in
1803.
Tempi* Bay, on the Labrador coa(l,lp>
pofite Belle Ilie. A Britifli fettlement of
tUis n^me was deftroyed by the French,
ia Odkubcr, 1796.
■ TempletoHf a pod town in the N W part
of Worccder co. Manaclmfetts, contain-
ing X068 inhabitants. It was granted as
a bounty to the foldicrs in king Philip's
war, and was called Narraganfet No. 6,
until its incorporation in 1763. It is 63
miles W bv N W of Bofton, 28 N by W
of Worceuer, and 471 from Wafliington.
Tend'i Ifland, in the S. Pacific Ocean,
WM difcovered ia 1790, by Lieut. Ball,
and lies is lat. 1 39 S, and Ion. 151 31 W.
^t is low, and only about % miles in circuit,
but is entirely covered with trees, includ-
ing many of the cocoa nut kind. It
abnudds with inhabitant!^, and the men
appear to be remarkably (lout and healthy.
Tineriffe, a town uf Santa Martha and
Terra Firma, in S. America, fituated on
tlic eanern bank of the great river S^nta
Martha, below its confluence with Mada-
lena, about 135 miles from the city of San-
ta Martha, towards the S, the road from
y ' h capital to Tcnerifiie is very difficult
ib>j . land, but one may go v^ry eaGly and
agreealily from one to the other partly
by fea, and partly by the abovementioned
nver.
Ttnnanft Harbtur, on the coaft of Maine,
lies about 3 leagues from George's Iflands.
Teifjee, the moft cottftderable Ridge of
the Cumberland Mountain. It feparates
the waters of the Tencflec and Cumber-
land Rivers. In Come parts it rifes into
abrupt hills, but ^ others it admits of good
roads.
Tenrjfee, a navigable river of the State
of Tcneflce, called by the French Cherokee,
and abfui dly by others, Hogohegee river,
is the largeit branch of the Ohio. It rif-
ts in the mountains of Virginia in about
lat. 37, and purfues a courfe of about
1000 miles, S andS W nearly to lat. 34,
receiving from both fides a number of
large tributary ftream It then wheels
abarut to the N in aciicultous courfe, and
mingles with the Ohio, nearly 60 miles
from its mouth. It 'u navigable for vef-
fels of great burden to the Mufcle ShoiUt,
250 miles from its mouth. It is there
about 3 miles broad, full of fmall ifle;,
and only paflable in fmall boats or ba(-
teaux. The navigation here may be niuch
improved the bottom being loofe floses
eaiily removed. From thefe (hoals to the
lVl>irl,or Suci, the place where thie river
is contra(fled to the breadth of 70 yards^
and breaks through the Great Ridge, or
Ciiniberland Mountain, is 250 miles, and
the navigation for large boats all the way
excellent. Boats eafily afctnd the fFbirl
being towed. The highcft point of nav-
igation upon this river is Tellico Block
Houfe, 900 miles froni its mouth accord-
ing to its meanders. It receives Holfton
river 22 miles below Knoxville, and then
running W 15 miles, receives the Clinch.
The other waters which empty into Ten-
cfTee, are Duck and Elk rivers, and Crow
Creek, on the one fide ; and the Occachap-
po, Chickanuuga and HiwafTee rivers on
the S and S £ fides. In the Teneflee and
its upiier branches are great numbers of
fifli, fome of \/hich are very large and of
an excellent flavour. The river to which
the name TenelTce was formerly confined,
is that part of it which runs N, and re-
ceives Hoi (Ion river 20 miles below Knox-
ville. The Coyeta, Chota, and Chilha-
wee Indian towns are on the W fide of
the river ; and the TallalTe town on the
Efide.
Tfnncjie, onc of the United States of
America, and, until i796,called the Tennef-
fee Government, or Territory of the United
Statet, South of the Ohio. It is in length 400
miles, and in breadth 104; between lat.
35 and 36 30 N, and Ion. 8z 28 and 91
38 W. It is boumded N by Kentucky
and part of Virginia ; £ by N- Carolina ;
S by the Miflifippi Terntory, W by the
Mithfippi. It isdivided into 3 diftriiTts
Wafhington, Hamilton, and Merp,
VIZ.
which are fubdivided into 22 counties,
viz. Wafliington, !>ullivan, Gretnc, Carter,
Hawkins, Knox, JefTerfon, Cocke, Sevier,
Blount, Grainger, Auderfon, Claiborne,
Roane, Davidlon, Sumner, Robertfon,
Montgomery, Wiiliamfon, Wilfon, Smith, 1
and Jackfon. The firft j belong to Wafli-
ington diflridl, the next 9 to that of Ha:n-
ilton, and the 8 latter to Mero diftridl i
The two former diHricfts are divided Irom
the latter, by an uninhabited country of
Dule* in extent ; that is, from th; I
bloclc
P9i
TEN
T EV
iirfe, and
60 miles
e for vef-
:le Sboiiit,
t is there
mall ides
s or bat-
be much
lofe ftuBe*
oals to the
thie rivpr
70 yards:
Ridge, or
milpB, and
ill the way
the trblrl
int of nav-
llico Block
ith accord-
res Holftoti
B, and then
thje Clinch.
y into Ten-
, and Crow
2 Occachap-
;e rivers on
'enelTee and
numbers of
large and of
rer to which
ly confined,
N, andre-
lelow Knox-
ind Chilha-
ieWfide of
town on the
block houfes, at the point formed by the
junftion of the Clinch with the Tenacffec,
called S. W. Point, to Fort Blounc upon
Cumberland R. through which there i» a
waggon road, opened in the fummer of
1795, and now kept inrcpairby a turnpike
company. There arc few countries i"o
well watered with rivets and creeks. The
principal rivers are the Miflifippi, Tcn-
nelTee, Cumberland, Hoilton, and Clinch.
The tra>a caliird the broken Ground, itnds
immmediartiy into the MifTifippi, the
Wolf, Hatch^-e, Forked Deer, Obian or
Obean, and Rtxifoot ; which are from 30
to 80 yards wide at their mouths; mo(t
of the rivers have exceedingly rich low
groundi, at the extremity of which is a
itcond bank, as on moft of the lands of
the Mifnfippi. Befidc thcfe rivers, there
are fcvcral fmallei ones, and innumerable
cfeeks, fome of whi^h arc navigabh-. In
(hart, there is hardly al'pot in this couniry,
v»liieh is more ihanao miles from anaviga-
Meftream. Thcchicf mountains arc St9ne,
Yellow, Iron, Bald, and Unaka, adjoirtint;
\6 one another, from the eaftern boundary
of the ft.itc, and fcparate it from N. Car-
olina; their diretStion is nearly from N E
to S W. The otiier mountains arc Clinch
and Cumberland. It would require a vol-
ume to defcribe the mountains of tliis
l^late, above half of which is covered with
tliore tfiat are uninhabitable. Some of
thereniuantains,particularly the Cumber-
land or Oreat Laurel Ridge, are the mod
(lupendous piles in the United States.
They abound with ginTcng and coal.
Their caverns and cafcadcs are innumer-
Me. The Enchanted Mountain, about 2
miles S of Brafs Town, is famed for the
curiofities on its rocks. There are on
feveral rocks a number of impreffions re-
fembling the tracks of rurkies, bears,
horfps, and human beings, as vifiblc and,
pcrfe<!i as they could be made on (how or
I fand. The, latter were remarkable fur hav-
ing 6 toes each ; one only excepted, which
appeared to be the print of a negro's foot.
By thi$ we mod fuppofe the originals to
have been the progeny of Titan or Anak.
■ One ofthefc tracks was very large, the
iUngth of the foot 16 inches, the diAance
{of the extremes of the outer toes 13 inches,
I the proximate breadth behind the toes 7
linches, the diameter of the heel ball 5.
lOne of the horfe tracks was like^vife of
Ian uncommon fizc, the tranfvcrfe and con-
jjugate diameters, were 8 by 10 inches ;
jperhaps the horfe which the Great War-
|rior rode. What appears the mod in fa-
vour of their hein;; the real tracks of the
animals they repreientjis thecircumftance
of a horfe's foot having apporently flip-
ped feveral inches, arnd recovered ugan,
and the figures having alllhe fame direc-
tion, hke the trail of a ccmpany on a
journey. If it be a lufut tiatura, fl'.c r.evtr
fportcd more ferioufly. If the operation
of chance, perhaps there was never mt)re
apparent defign. If it were done by arr,
it might be to perpetuate the ren-retn-
branceof fome rem^irkabie event of war,
oi^g-.igemenr fought on the ground. 'J he
vafl heaps of flones near the place, laid to
be tombs of M-arriors flaih in liaitle, iVcm*
to favour the fuppofiiior. 1 he tt xttirc of
the rocks is foU. Ti)e part rn which tlic
fun had the greateft influence, and wliich
was the nuifl induriued, could mfilv bi rut
wtth a knife, and appeared to lie ol tiu na«
ture of the pipe ftonc. Stimc of the Chrr-
ukces entertain an opinion that it alvays
rains when any perlbn vifits the place, as
if fympathctic nature wept at the recoU
ledlioii of the dreadful cat^drophc which
thofe figures were intended to ctimmem-
orate. The principal towns .ire Knoxville,
the feat of government, Nafliville, and
Jonefborough, belide 8 other towns, which
are as yet of little importance. In 1791,
the number of inhabitants Was edimated
3' 35><^9^' In November, 1795, the
number had increafed to 77,262 perfons.
In 1800 there were 105,602 inhabitants,
of whom 13,584 were flaves. Theibili*
luxuriant, and will afford every produc
tion, the growth of any of the United
States. The ufual crop of cotton is Scclbs,
to the acre, of a long and fine daple ; and
of corn frixn 60 to 80, and fomethncs lod
buflicls. It is alTertcd, however, that the
lands on the IVnall rivers, that empty into
the MiiTiIippi, have a decided preference
to thofe on Cumberland river, fur the pro-
duction of cotton, rice, and indigo. Of
trees, the general growth is poplar, hick-
cry, black and white watnut, all khids of
oalu, buckeye, beech, fycamore, black and
honey locuft, alh, hornbeam, elm, mni«
berry, cherry, dogwood, faflafVas, poppaw^
cucumber tree, and the fngar tree. The
undergrowth, efpecially on low lands, is
cane ; fon^e cf which are upwards of -30
feet high, and fo thick as to prevent any
other plaikt from growing. Of faerbt,
roots, and dirubs, there are Virginia and
Seneca fnakeroot, ginfeng, angelica, fpice
wood, wild plum, crab apple, fweet anntfr«
red bud, ginger, fpikcnard, wild hop and
grape vines. The glade* are covered with
vrild
,(. ,
%*tld TJ9, wild oatt, clover, buff!Uoe, grais,
ftrawueaics and pea vines. On the hitlt
at the head of rivcrt, and ia fame high
cliffi of Cumberlaadt are found majeftic
red cedars ; many uf th«fi> ar« 4 feet in
<iiame!er, and 40 fuct dear of limbs. Tha
animal* are fuch a» are found in tlie nei^iio
bouriag States. The rivers an: well ftoclc
«d wifh all luads of frclh water fifh ; a-
mong which arc trout, perch, cat fiH^, buf'
faluetifli, red horle, eeU, &c. Some cat
liih have been caught which weighed up-
wards of 100 pouudi : the wcfteru vvat^s
being more clear ^iid pure than the eadern
rivers, the fifh are in the lame degree more
firm and favoury to the tafte. lu 1799, a
iifh was caught in the Holfton, a few miles
below Kaoxvillc, about 6 feet lung, the
fcales of which were large, and thickfct,
and gave Are by coliiAjit with a fllut, like
ilcel. The climate is ttmperate and
hcaithrul; the fumnters arc very cool <ind
pieafant iu that part which is contiguous
to the mouutaius that divide this State
from N. Carolina ; but on the wederu
iidc of the Cumberland Mountain the
heat is more iutenf«, r/hich readers that
part belter calculated for the produ«Stioii
of tobacco, cotton and indigo. Lime (lone
IS common on both fiJcs of Cumberland
!^ountaJin. There are nd flagnant wu ters ;
a,nd this is certainly oue of'tlie reafuns
why the inluibitants are not alllided with
thofe bilUous and intermitting fevers,
^hicb are fo frequent, and often fatal,
near the fame latitude on the coad of the
fouthern States. Whatever may be the
caufesitbe inhabitants have been rcniarka-
tily healthy fincethey fettled on the waters
•(T Cumbefland jEL The country abounds
with mineral fprings. Salt licks are found
ia many parts of the country. [See Cami"
iflPs Salijus.] Iron ore abounds in the dif-
tri^ of WaChington and Hamilton, and
ine (breams to put iron works iu opera-
tion. Iron ore was lately difcovered, upon
tb« S of Cumberland river, about 30 miles ;
Itelow N^Chville, and a furnace is noiV i
•rcdUiig. , There is a bloomfiiyi furnace,
iUidA forgM in Robertfon co. Several
Ifi^i^ mines have been difcovered, and one
•D French Broad has been worked ; the
•r« produced 75 per cent, in pure lead.
"X^ut Inidians lay that there are ricli iilvcr
■li^M ii^ Cumberland Mountain, bot can-
ipotbe tempted to difcoyer any of them
io the white people. It is ^aid that gold
has been found here ; but the mine from
Vvihich that metal was extradedis now un-
koDWC to (he white people. Orci aiid
T EN
Iprinss ftrongly impregnated with fulpUur
are found iu various parts. Saltpetre
caves arc numerous ; and iu the coura' (;f
tite year 1796, feveral tot\» of faltpetiu
were fent to the Atlanitc markctt. Tliii
country furulfhcs all tlxe valuable articles
of the fouthern ^tutes. Fiue waggon and
faddle horfcs, beef cattle, gimeug, dcir
Ikins and furs, cotton in great quantltiet,
hemp, and flax, mav be tranfpurted by
1 and ; alfo iron, lumber, pork and flour
may be exported in great ijuantities, now
that the navigation of the Millifippi is
opened to the citizens of the United States.
In 1801, the exports of this State, the N
W. Territory and MilUlippi, amounted ta
443,955 dolls. The Prelbyterians are tlis
prevailing denomination of ChriAians ; in
1788, they hud aj large congregations,
who were then fuppUed by only 6 minif«
ters. I'herc are alfo fome Baptifts and
Methodids. The inhabitants have paid
gre.it attention to the intcrcds offciencc;
befide private fchoob, there are 3 colleges
edabliflied by law ; Greenville in Green'i
CO. Blount at Knoxville, and Wafliingtoa
in the county of that name. The college
in Green's county is nouriHiing under the
direction of a Prefident and Vice Pref^
idcnt. [See Greenville.'] Here is likewife
a" Society for promoting Ufeful Knowl-
edge." A tafte for literature is daily in-
creating. The inhabitants chiefly emi-
grated.from Pennfylvaiiia, and that part of
Virginia that lies W of the B!ac Ridge.
The anceftors of thefe people were gener-
ally^ of the Scotch nation ; fome of whom
emigrated firft to Ircbud, and from thence
to America. A few Germans and Eu-
glifh are intermixed. In 1788, it wai
thought there were ao white perfons to i
negro ; and the difproportion is thought
to oe far greater now. This country wai
included b the sd charter of king Chariot
n. to the proprietors of Carolina. In a
fubfequent divifion, it made a part of N.
Carolina. It was explored about the
year 1 745, and fettled by about, 50 fami-
lies in 1754 ; who were foon after drirea
off or deftroyed by the Indians. Its fct-
tlemcnt recommenced in 1765. Th«
firft permanent fcttlement took place near
Long Ifland of Holfton, and upon Watau-
ga, about 1774 ; and the firft appearance
of any perfons from it, in the public coun-
cils of N. Carolina, was in the convention
of that State in 1776. In the year 1780,
a party of about 40 families, under the
guidance and dire(^ion of James Robert-
fo8, C^^ucc Brig. Gen. Robertfon, of Mersi
dilUiil
Icaft 30c
there fdi
neighboi
State of
thcnl, wd
the year
ofJ^r.Cai
ternipted
land; bu
retufne<l
N. CaroIIi
United St
Congrefs
A conveni
1796. and
tion of tl
ed bjr ev«r
proniife to
Parity of tl
within and
are the Ch(
Tenefte A
which di vit
ej" from thoi
•ng from C
fiver Ohio, i
nteafured b
fembles the
general bear
way, is wdh
'y- It %(
nouatain, f
Nafhville, it
though mucli
more abrupt
points one n
country. A
tinually, ril)8
of compafs, ai
"diandrplitr"
the heads of
prigin to ftrea
»g together
"purs or ribs
and rivers.
^ TV^S/aw, a fe
inhabited in
lies. See Ta,
Tctwtmjla C_
raiJes, then we
|ntb Alleghanj
>f' mouth, an<
<"7 town.
"^efttifa. In A
fequaJQ, or '.
«>; in about
'ages.
J?""^", IS lea
a
1
tEQ
;h fulpUur
Saltpetre
i cuuri'cof
■ faltpctie
,etk. 'll>i»
i)l« articUt
raggon and
leiig, deer
quantities,
fportcd by
and flour
titios, now
[ilUfippi i»
jitcd State*.
ate, the N
mounted ta
ians are the
iriilians; in
ngregatJous,
inly 6 roinif"
Baptift* and
» have paid
soffcience;
ire 3 CoUcgci
le in Green's
Wafliingtoa
The college
ig under the
device Pref.
re Is likewife
ffeful Knowl-
:e is daily in-
chiefly emi-
d that part of
Blue Ridge.
e were gener-
)me of whom
1 from thence
ans and Eu-
1788, it wai
• perfonstoi
on i» thouglit
country waj
i tung Charlci
iTolina- li> *
e a part of N.
;d about the
jout. 50 fami-
n after drlvea |
ian». lt« fc'-
1765. '"'i
Dolc place near
upon Watau- 1
rft appearance I
le public coun- 1
he convention I
he year i7?^il
ies, under the!
ames Robcrt-I
rtfon,of Mewl
4t[Ut<ll
dl<lii(!!k) pafled through a wildernaf* of at
leall 300 niiles to the French Lick, and
there founded Nafliville. Their nelreft
neighbours were the fettlers of the Infant
State of Kentucky, between whom and
thcni, wiU A wildernefsi of 200 miles. From
the yc:ir 1784, to 1788, the government
of N. Carolina over thi^i country was in-
terrupted by the aiTumcd State of Frank-
land; but m the ye'<iri739, thb people
retufne<l to their allegiance. In 1789,
N. Carolina ceded this territory to the
United States, on certain cohditiona, and
Cougrcr>> provided fdr hi government*
A convention was held at Ruoxville, in
1 796, and on the 6th of Feb. the conftitu-
tion of the State of TcnncfTec was fign-
«d by cv<ry member of it. Its prlncifuefs
proniife to eufure the happinefs and prof-
parity of the people. The Indian tribes
within and in the vicinity of this State
are the Cherokees and Chickafaws.
Tenejie Riiige, the height is fo • c:all(5d,
which divides the waters of Teneflee riv-
er from thofe of the Cumberland, extend-
ing from Cumberland mountain to the
river Ohio, a courfe of nearly .;oo miles. If
meafured by its meanders in which it re-
fembles the mod Terpentine river. Its
general bearing, for the firfl half of the
way, is wdhvardly, and then north wefter-
ly. It /lopes away from Cumberland
mountain, fo that in the meridian of
Mafhville, it is only a gradual! fwell ;
though milchofit farther Wis liigherand
more abrupt. From fome of its higheft
points one may overlook a vaft extent of
country. As it fliifts its dirc(ftion con*
tinuaOy, ril» extend from it in all points
of compafs, Md thefe again are fubdivid-
ed,and fpllt into ftill farther ramifications,
the heads of the different hollows giving
orl^'n to dreams of water, wljich, coUctSt-
bg together round the points of the
fpurs or ribs of the ridges, form creeks
and rivers.
Tenfavot a fettlcment near Mobile Bay,
inhabited in 1787 by 90 American fami-
lies. See Taenfa.
Tawenifta Crtei, runs foutherly about a8
miles, then weflerly 6 miles, and empties
into Alleghany river about 18 miles from
its mouth, and nearly j below the Hick-
ory town.
Tefeafa, in Mexico. See Angilot.
Tejyajo, or Tijuas, a province of Mexi-
ico; in about lat. 37, where are 16 vil-
I lages.
I'yutfa, a part of the coaft of New
(Mexico, i8 leagues N W of Acapuleo.
Vol.1. ■ r ffjf
Tequety S,iy, on the S B part of th*
coaft of the illand of Cuba, between Capt
Cruiz, and Cape Maizi, at the £ end. It
affords good anchorage and (hcltcr foi'
flilp$,but is not much frequented.
Termlna, Lagu'iu, or Laic of TiJa, lie*
at the bottom of the CJiilf of Campeachy,
in the S W part Ot the Gulf of Mexico.
It is within Tricftc and Beef Illand, and
Port Rbyal Iflaud. The tide runs very
hard in, at moll of the channeb betwcca '
the Ifladds ; hence the name.
* Terra Blanca, in Mexico. See ^/igtiot.
Ttrra de Latratan, or the Plauglmani
Land, the name given by the Spaniards to
Labrador, inhabited by the Efquimaux.
Terra dtl Fuego JJIand, or Land </ Fire, at '
the 3 extremity of S. America, id Separated
from the mjdn on the N by thi Scraits of
Magellan, and contains aboiit 42,000
fq[uare miles. This is the larked of the
Ifladds 3 of the Straits, and they receive
this name on account of the vaft fires and
fmoke which the tirlt difcovcrers of them
perceived. The ifland of Staten Land ~
lies on the £. They are all barren and
mountainous ; but there have been found
feveral forts of trees and plants, and a va'
riety of birds on the lower grounds and
iflands that aref flickered by the hills.
Here are found winter's bark, and a foe*
cies of arbntns which has a very well tail-
ed red fruit of the fize of fmalt cherries.
Plenty ofcelleryis found in fome places,
and the rocks are covered with very fine
mufcles. A fpccics of duck as large as a *
goofe, and called the loggerhead duck at
the Falkland lllands, is here met with,
vhich belts the water with its wings and
teet, and run? along the fea with incon-
ceivable velocity ; and there arc alfo
geefe and falcons.
Terra Firma, or CaJlUt del Oro, the moft
northern province cfS. America, 1400
miles in length, and 700 in breadth ; llt-
uatcd between the equator and i » N lat.
and between 60 and 82 W Ion. bounded
N by the N. Atlantic Ocean, here called
the N Sea, £ by the fame ocean and Suri-
nam> S by Amazonia and Peru, and W by
the N. Pacific Ocean. It is called Terra
Firma from being the firft part of the
continent difcovered by the Spaniards,
and is divided into Terra Firma Proper,
or Darien, Carthagena, St. Martha, Vene-
zuela, Comana, Paria, New Granada, and
Popayan. The chief towns are Porto
Hello, Panama, Carthagena, and Popaynn.
The principal bays of tliis province in the
Pacific Ocean, are thole of Paoama and
(M
yi
m.
TER
THA
St. Mik-h»el, in the N. Sea, Porto B«llo,
Sino, Ouiara, &c. The chief rivers are
the Darien, Chagre, Santa Maria, Concep-
tiofi, and Oronoke. The climate, efpec«
ially in the northern parts, it extremely
hot and fultry during the whole year.
From the month of May, to the end of
Nov. the feaTon called winter by the in-
habitants, is almoft a continual fuccellion
of thunder, rain and tempeds, the clouds
precipitating the i>^in with fuch impetu*
uiity, that the low lands exliibit the ap-
pearance of an ocean. Great part of the
country is confequently flooded ; and this,
together with the exceflive heat, to in>>
prcgnatcs the earth with vapours, that in
zn^ny provinces, particularly about Popa^
yan and Porto Bello, the air is extremely
unwholefome. The foil of this country
V very difTerent, the inland parts being
very rich and fertile, and the coads fandy
and barren. It is impolllblc to view with-
out admlrjuon, the perpetual verdure of
the woods, the luxuriancy of the plains,
and the towering height of the mountains.
'I'his country produces corn, fugar, tobac-
co, &c. and fruits of all kinds. This part
of S. America was diPcovcred by Colum-
bus in his third voyage to America. It
W14 I'uWdued and fettled by the Spaniards
about the year 1514, after deftroying,
w!;h great inhumanity, feveral millions .of
the natives.
Terra Firma Pro[>er, or Daritn, a fubdi-
vifion of Terra Firma. Chief towns,
Porto Bello, and Panama. See Daritn.
Terra Mugellanica. See Patagonia,
Terra Nieva, near Hi^fon's Straits, is in
Ut. 61 4 N, and Ion. 67 W, high water,
at full and changs, a little before 10
o'clock,
Tfrriiory N, IV. 0/ the Olio, Of N. Wefl-
vrn Territory. All that part of the Unit-
ed States was fo called, wlkich lies between
3 7 and so N lat. and between 81' 8 and 98
^ W Ion. bounded N by part of the north-
ern l>oundary line of the United States ;
jE by the lakes and Pennfylvania ; S by
the Ohio river ; W by the ^lilAfippi ;
eflimatcd to contain 263,040,000 acres, of
which 4,1,040,000 are water. This por-
tion of the United States is now divided
ilito the State of Ohio, the Indiana Territory.,
4ud H^uyne county, which forms a feparate
<ii(lri«^ and government- See thefe fev-
eral Jieads. The N weflern part of the
«|ibove Territory lying N of tiie Illinois,
^d between the lakes, and the MilGilppi,
is dill inhabited by Indians, and is not in-
(*l«ded in either Qf th« abov^ Uiyifioa*,
v
In &)me parts, the country is too hilly for
cultivation, and in fome places between
the Oliio and the lakes, the land is fo flat
that the water flands till midrnmmer.
For miles the ground is not vifible, yit
the water is not more than from 1 a to 18
inches deep.
Teffahn. a river of Upper Canada
which fain into lake Huron, jo leagues
N W of French river, in lat. 46 11 3i N.
TeJUgoif iflands, near the coafl of New
Andalufia,in Terra Firma, on the ^ coaft
of the Caribbean Sea. Several fmall ifl-
ands at the E end of the ifland of Marga-
rita lie betwsfen that ifland and thofec^l-
ed Tefligos. N lat. 11 6, W Ion. 61 48.
Teteroa Harbour, on the W fid* of the
ifland of Ulietca, one of the Society Ifl-
andi.
Tethuroa, an ifland in the S. Pacific
Ocean, about 24 miles from Point Venus
in the iHand of Otaheile. S lat. 17 4, W
Ion. 149 30.
Tet»eu(o, 3 brackifh lake in Mexlcoi
See Mexico.
Teujhanujhfanggpohta, an Indian village
on the northern bank of Alleghany river,
in Pennfylvaaia, 5 miles N of the S line
of the State, and 14 E S E o£ Chatough^
que Lake.
Tevikjbury, the Wameftt, or Paiutuckett
of theIn<lian8,atownfliip of MaflTachufetts,
Middlefex co. on Concord river, near its
jundlion with the Merrimack 24 miles N
ofBoflon. It was incorporated in 1734
and contains 944 inhabitants..
Tevfkjbury, atowuOiip of N. Jerfey, Hun-
terdon CO. The townfliips of Lebanon,
Readington, and Tcwkfbury, contain-
ed in 1790, 4370 inhabitants, including
268 flave3.
Tbamet,Hiv*ry\xi CoTait&xcvXf'a form-
ed by the union of Shetucket and Little,
or Norwich rivers, at Norwich Landing,
to which place it is navigable for vefieU
of conflderable burden ; and thus far the
tide flows. From this place the Thames
purfues a foutherly courfe 14 miles, pair-
ing by New London on its W bank, and
entpties into L. Ifland Sound ; forming the
fine harbour of New Lbndon.
Thames i?/v;r, U.Canada, formerly call-
ed La Tranche or Triucbe, and by the
Indians EJfexcunnyfeepe, rifes in the Chip-,
pawa country, and ninnitig S W wafliet I
the counties of (the W r'iding of) York,
Norfolk, Suffolk, and Kent, and empties
itfelf into Lake St. Clair, above Dc Troit ; {
it is a river of ctmfiderable extent, with-
out falU, From its upper branches itl
comaunicRtesI
Awmu:
lake H
fcitc of I
that int«
Pork ; J
Chathan
inland e
improve
extreme!
Tbatet
the S £
of Mafla
limit of
light heu
in lat. 43
Theaiii
aois rivei
St. JoTeph
.ind level
teWtt Pi
ffom then
the name 1
called Hm
Tbetforo
of Orange
«i Conned
of Dartmo
inhabitant
Thirty m
Themae'j
and of An
from the S
Thomat',
which falii
from ChatI
Thoiaat 1
the Targeft'
gin Mands,
9 miles Ion
foil and is
confideraM
peace, io tb
^eers in tim<
Alargebatt
foncc, moui
N lat. 18 aa
*>ul comma
^nkilet E
CO.
Tbomat Jf
Mexico, h
Tbomat, S
n>crica,'on t
'•*• 7J, W l<
Tbomat, P
of Honduras
which goods
Thmat, Si
dalufia, or P
o' Terra Fin
mffcr
aeiwctn
• fo flat
fummer.
ible, yit
lato i8
Canada
) league*
la 41 I^-
[\ of New
le &coa(k
1 fmaU ifl-
)f Marga-
thofecall-
)n. 61 48.
de of the
iociety Ifl-
S. Pacific
oint Venuf
It. 17 4.^
in Mexico>
lan village
5hany river,
)f the S line
i Chatough-
r PawtuciM
jaffachufetM,
,rer, near it»
24 miles N
:ed in X734
Jerfey,,Hun-
of Lebanon!
ry, contain-
ts, including
THO
flhniftunlcates by fmall portngei ivIthR
lake Huron, and the Grand River; the
fcitc of Oxford is on its Upper Fork; and
that intended furDorchefter on its middle
Fork ; London on the Main Fork ; and
Chatham on its Lower Fork. It is a fine
inland canal, and capable of being highly
improved. The lands on itsiraiks are
extremely fertile. Smytb,
Tbttteier't IflanJ,\ia about a mile £ of
the S £ point of Cape Ann, on the coaft
of MaflachuTetu, and forms the northern
limit of MaiTachufetts 9av ; and has a
light houfes. Cafte Ana light houfe lies
in ia.t. 43 36 N,«nd Ion. 70 47 W.
TbeaUki, the eaftern head water of Illi-
nois river, rKet about 8 miles S of Fort
St. Jofeph. After running through rich
and level lands, about iii miles, it re-
ceives Plcin rit<er in lat. 41 48 N, and
from thence the confluent ftream atfumes
the name of Illinois. In feme maps^ it is
called Huaiita.
7'betforil, a townfliip in the S E corner
of Orange co. Vermont, on the W bank
<if Connedicut river, about 10 miles N
of Dartmouth colinge, and contains 1478
inhabitants.
7blrly miUfiream. Sec Lhermore.
Tbomai'j Bay, on the W coaft of the ill-
and of Antigua. It affords feme fhelt^r
from the S and S £ winds.
7<&a«MiV Cn*i, a Oream of S. Carolina,
which falls into the Great Pedee, i mile
from Chatham.
TImihm J/land, St. Of the DaMu IJlomt, is
the Targrft and moft northerly of the Vir-
gin Mlands, in the W. Indies, and is about
9 miles long and 3 broad. It has a fandy
foil and is badly watered, but enjoys a
confideraVtIe t^ade, efpecially in time of
peace, in tbe contraband way ; and priva-
teers in time of war fell thnr prizes here.
A large battery lias been ereAed for its de-
fence, mounted with 10 pieces of cannon.
N lat. 18 aa, W Ion, 64 5 1. It has a fafe
and commodious harbour, and lies about
Sonhilea E of the ifland of Porto Ri-
ca
7bmat IJIaitd, St, on the W coaft of N.
Mexico. N lat. ao 10, W Ion. 113 5'
Tbomatf St. a town Of Guiana, in S. A-
merica,>on the banks of the Oroonoko. N
••»■ 7J.WIon. 6» 36.
9i««»a/, Port Si. a harbour in the bay
of Hondurasy on the Spanifti Main ; from
which goods are fliipped to Europe.
Tbemai^ St. the chief town of New An-
' dalufia, or Parie, in the ndrthcra divilion
ofTcrra Firma. 'r-..7.— -' ^a -
THO
Titmat, St. a parifli of Charlefton 'd\t-
tria, in 8. Carolina.
Tbtmajloivii, a port town of Maine, Lin-
coln CO. on the W fide of Penobfcot Bay,
and about 4 leagues from Franklin Kland,
at the mouth of the river St. George,
which divides this town from Warren
Mid Cubing. A confideruble river in
the S £ part of the tnwnfltiu i^ called
WeflbwelTgeeg. From the hill of Mad-
ambettocks may be feen iflands and lands
to a. great diftance ; and near it there is
thought to be plenty of iron ore. The
grand ftaplcs of Thomaftowu are lime and
lumber. Limenone is very common.
There are now about 35 kilns ercdted,
eachof which, on an average, will produce
000 fifty gallon caiks. Too much atten-
tion being paid to this bufinefj, prevents
a due cultivation of the lands. Therft
wereowncd in 1 796on the river, la brigs,
fchooners, and (loops, equal to about i ico
tons, employed in foreign and coafling
voyages. On the river; and its fcverai
ftreams, are a number of tide and other
Srift and faw mills. A fort with a num-
er of cannon, and a regular gnrrifon of
provincials, was formerly flationed about
5 miles below the head of thetiUe. Few
veftiges of the fort now remain ; hiA in
plac^e of it an elega;:t building vas cr'e<fted
in 1794, by the Hon. Henry Knox, Efq.
The fettlcmcnt of Thomaftown begia
about 1730, in 1777 it was incorporated,
in 1790 it contained 801 inhabitants,
and iu 1800, 1397. There are here no
public fchools conftantly kept, thoti^h
theie are fevcral private ones throughout
the year. There ar* two churches, one
for Baptifls, the other for Congregation-
alifts. Here is alfe a focial library. The
compact part of the town is 7 miles
feutherly of Camden, 7 E of Warren, 39
N E by E of Wifennet, 215 N E of Bof-
ton,and 70a from Wafliington.
Tlome, St. or St. Thomas, a plain in tliC
centreof the idand of St. Domingo, on t\\i
S fide of the firft chain of the nioiintaint
of Chibao. It is contiguous to t he N of
that of St. John of Maguana. I'he fort
of St. Thomas was erecftcd here, near the
head of the Artibnnitc, by Chriftopher
Columbus to protedt the mines againft the
Indians. There is now no veflige of the
fort remaining.
tkomfoM Jjland, lies near tlie entrance
of the river St. Clair, U. Canada. It
fcarcely contains 200 acres of dry land,
fit for tillage, but a gtcat many arrcB of
mirfh. Smyth.
THR
TIB
^n«mpfm, % townOiip of Windham e«.
in the N E corner of Conne<fticut ; hav*
ing tbe tovn of Killingly on the S, the
Aate uf Rhode Ifland E, and that of Maf-
fachufetti on the N ; from which laft it
receives Qninabaug and Five mile riveri.
lahabiianu 3341.
Tbomfoitjharo't a town in Lincoln countjr,
Maine, late the W part of Bowdoin, in>
corporftted 1798. It has 776 inhabitanff.
7btmpfoiu Crtti,u formed by feveral
fmall ftream* which rife in the fouthera
I»rt of the Mtflifippi Territory, croft the
^ine of the Uqited 3tatea, into W. Flot>
ida, now the eattern divifioli of Louifiana,
where they unite and purfue a S E courfe
into the Mtffifippi river. Its mouth is
oppofite Point Coupee. The land on this
Creek is reprefented as very valuable. In
1775, Fct^r Chedcr, Oovemor of Weft
Florida, granted to Capt. John Elfworth,
» trafk of land in the forks of this Creek,
pn which in 17 7^, he built a fmall houfb
His heirs now claim this land.
Tbopieanm, a fmall river of the Indiana
Territory, which runs fouthward to Wa-
baih river, into which it enters a few
miles eaftward of Ouixtannn. '•
^horHJhurgt * poft town in Spotfylvania
CO. Virginia, 74 miles from Wafliington.
'fhwnten, A townfliip of N. HampOtire,
Grafton co. at the head of Merrimack
river, which contains $25 inhabitants.
thonli trmmjhipt in Lipcoln co. U.
Canada, lies S of Orantham and is water-
ed by the river Wetland.
Vioyloufe, Pert, on the S coaft of the
ifland of Cape Breton, near the ent|;ance
of the Strait ,of Fronfac or Canfo, lies be-
tween the gulf called Little St. Peter and
the jflands of St. Peter. It was formerly
called Port St. Pat^r, and is 60 miles W of
Gabaronbay.
Tioufand J/tu, are in St. Lawrence, a
little N of Lake Ontario.
TioufinJ Lakit, a name given to a great
number of fmaU lakes near the MifQrippi,
about 60 iniles abpve St. Anthony'^ Falls.
The country about thefe lakes, though
little frequented, is fine hunting grounds.
Here the Miflifippi i» npt ab,qy^ gq yar^s
wide. ■
three Brotbert, 3 iflands within the rivr
er EfTequibo on the Ecoad of S. America.
tbrm Ifianit Bay, or Harbour, on the £
ceaft of the Ifland of St. Lueia, W. Indies.
three Poititt, Cafe,onthe coaftpf Guiana,
in S. America. N lat. 10 38, W Ion. 61 57.
three Sivert,\n Canada* See Trm Iti-
viiret-
thrM SlJItri, thret final! itlf 00 the V
(liore of Chcfapeak Bay, which lie be-
tween W river and Parker's Ifland.
thrum Cat, in the S. Pacific Ocean, a
(mall circular ifle, not more than a mile
incircumfcrcnce, 7 leagues M 6a° W from
Lagooii Ifland. High water, at full and
change, Mkween ix and la o'clock. Slat.
»8 35, W Ion. 13948.
thule. Southern, an ifland in the S At-
lantic Ocean, the moft foutherly land ever
difcovcrcd ; hence the name. 8 lat J9
3i, W Ion. ■? 45«
thurtew temn/hip, Haftings ca U. Can-
ada, lies near the head of the bay of Quior
te, and £ of Sidney.
tburmam, a townfliip in Wafhington ca
N. York; taken from Queeniburg, and
iqi^orporatedin 179a.
thunder Bay, on the N fliore of Lake
Superior, U, Canada, oppofite the £ end of
Ifle de Minatte. There is a remarkable
high mountain at its eaftemmoft cape.
thunder Bay, in lake Huron, lies about
half way between Sagana Bay and the N
W corner of the lake. It is about 9 miles
gc^ofs either way ; and is thus called from
the thunder frequently heard there.
tUhiiry townjiip, in the weftern diftritft
of U. Canada, is fituated upon lake St.
Clair, W of Raleigh, whera (he Thames
empties itfelf into that lake.
tianaderha Rivtr, See Unadilla R'nier.
tiaami, an ancient Indian town, about
150 miles up the SufqUehannah river.
tiher, or Gcifi Creei, a fmall ftream
which runs foutherly through the city of
Wailiington, and empties into Palowmac
river. Us fource is 136 feet above the
level of the tide in the creek ; the waters
of which and tbofe of Reedy Branch may
be convcyqd to the Prefident's houfe, and
to the capitoL The contemplated Dry
Dock, was to have been ere<Sted on this
Creek.
tiheron. Cape, a round black rnckon the
8 W part of the fouthem peninfula of the
ifland of St. Domingo, and forms the N W
limit of the bay of Tiberon.
tiberon,iir tituron, a bay and village on
the S W part uf the ifland of St. Domingo.
The bay is formed by the capo of its name
pn the N W, and Point Burgau on the S
E,a league and three fourths apart. The
ftream; called a river, falls in at the head
of the bay, on the weftem fide of the vil-
lage, which ftands on toe high road, and,
according to its courfe along the fea fliore,
10 leagues S of Cape Dame Marie, 30
from Jeremie, and 3 a b); U>e winding of
•" . ■> . the
TIE
Tit
ttie road Trom T.ei Cftvet. The rnpe U in
lat. i8 ao 30 N, and m Ion. 76 5% 40 W.
The export! from Cape Tilicron, from
Jan. 1, 1789, to Dec. 31, of the f.ime year,
looolb*. white fugar, 377,8oolb». brown
fugar, 6oo,ootlb«. cofi'ee, i,v67all)6. cot-
ton, io88lbs. indigo, and fmall articles to
a conftderable amount. I'otal vahie of
duties on exportation, 2465 dollars 76
cents.
TiieroH, a fort, near the toirn or villaj^c
abovementioned ; taken by the French,
the aid March, 1795.
'jTittJUU, a town on the hay of Antonio,
on the N £ part of Jamaica I. See Port
Anlomh.
Tieile Harbour, on the E coafl of New-
foundland, 15 leagues from J3unaventura
Port.
TiMe Mi Q^eily, a name given by Brit-
i(h fcamen to a fine, little, fandy hay of
Terra Firma, on the Kthtrtus of Darien, at
the N W end «f a reef of rocks, having
good anchorage and fafe landing. The
extremity of the rocks on one fide, and
the Samballas Idands (the range of which
begins from hence) on the other iide,
guard it from the fea, and fo form a very
good harbour. It is much frequented by
privateers.
*rieonikroga, in the State of N. York,
built by the French in the year 1756, on
the N ude of a peninfula formed by the
confluence of the waters iduing from Lake
George into Lake Champlain. It w now
a heap of ruins, and forms an appendage
to a farm. Its name fignifics Noify, in the
Indian language, and was called by the
French, Corillor. Mo unt Independence i n
Addifon co. Vermont, is about a miles S E
of it, and feparated from it by tlie narrow
Arait which conveys the waters of Lake
George and South river into I^ake Cham-
plain. It had all the advantages that art
or nature could give it, being defended on
3 fides by water furrounded by rocks, and
on half of the fourth by a fwamp, and
where that fails, the French erected a
breaft work 9 feet high. This was the
firft fortrefs attacked by the Americans
during the revolutionary war. The troops
under Gen. Abercrombic were defeated
herein the year 1758, but it was taken
the year following by Gen. Amherft. It
was furprifed by Cols. Allen and Arnold,
May 10, 1775, and was retsjaea by Gen.
fiurgoyne in July, 1777.
Titrra Aujlral del EJpirltu Santc, called
by Bougainville, 7be ArcBiptlago ef ti*
fi. Jt C^ciadcff Md by Capt. Cook, 7I)»\
Nrtv JJtlr'iJis, may be conf dered ni the
eallern extremity of the vaft Arc h'pcl.igo
of Nrtu Giiinia. I'hel'e illands arc iituatcd
between the latitudes of 14 19 and 20 40
S, and between 169 41 and 170 at £ Ion.
from Greenwich, and coiifiQ of the follow-
ing illands, fume of which have received
names from the dilfcrent F.uropean navi-
gators, and Others retain the names whirh
they bear among the natives ; viz. I'icrra
Aullral del F.fpiritu bunto, St. Bartholo-
mew, Mallicollo, Pic de I'lltoile, Aurora,
Ifle of Lepers, Whitfuntide, Ambrym,
Paoon, Shepherds IIlcs, Sandwich, Drro-
mango, Immcr, I'anna, Ertonan, Amu-
torn, Apee, Three Hills, Montagu, Hinch-
inbrook.and Erromanga. Quires, who fird
difcovvred theft iflands, in i(>o6,iIefcrihe>
them, as " richer and more fertile tlian
Spain, and as populous as they are fertile ;
watcied with fine rivers, and producing
filver, pearh, nutmegs, mace, pepper, g^u-
irer, ebony of the rirfl quality, wootl for
the conftruiftion of vefl'els, and p!?ntf
which might be fabricated into fail cloth
and cordages, one fort of which is not in-
like the hemp of Europe." The inhabit-
ants of thefe iflands, he defcribcs, z* of
feverzl different races of mcTi ; black,
white, mulatto, tawny, and copper coU
oured ; a proof, he fuppofcs, of their in-
ter courfe with various people. Theyufp
no fire arms, are employed in no niincst
nor have they any of thofe means of de-
llrutflion winch the genius of Europe haa
invented. Induflry and policy feera to
have made but little progrefs among them {
they build neither towns nor fortrcflcs (
acknowledge neither king nor laws, an4
are divided only into tribes, among which
there does not always fubGft a pcrtct.^ harr
mony. Their arms are the bow and ar-^
rows, the fpear and the dart, all mada
of wood. Their only covering is a
garment round the waift, which reache«
to the middle of the thigh. They are
cleanly, of a lively and grateful difptffi*
tion, capable of friendOiip and inflruif^ion.
Their houfes are of wood, covered with
palm leaves. They have places of wor-
fhip and burial. They work in flone, and
poliOi marble, of which there are many
quarries. They make flutes, drums, wood«
en fpoons, and from the mother of pearl,
form chifTels, fcilTors, knives, hooks, faws,
hatchets, and fmall round plates for neck«
laces. Their canoes are well built and
neatly fioifhed. Hogs, goats, cows, buflko
loes, and various fowls and fifh for foo^
are jfouud io ab^ndanc( 00 and about
m
'iM
TIM
TIP
ihcTo i(1aDi]«. 'Added to all tl)«re and many
(idler excellencies, thefe iiluiiJ* ure repre-
fijuttid at l)avin|{ a rcmarkMhly Talubrious
air, wliich it evinced by the healtiiy rubuA
appearance of the inlubitantt, who live
«i a great age, and yet have nu other bed
than the «:krth. Such it the defcription
which Quinis aivtt of thefe iflandi in and
•lM)ut which ne fpent Ibmt montht, and
which he rcprefentt to the king uf 8pH!n,
at - the mod delicioui countrj^ in the
world ; the garden of Kden, the inexbauf-
tible £uurc(! of glory, richet and power to
fipain." On the N fide of the iargeft o(
tnett iflamb, called EMtitu SMio, it a bay,
called SaH Fitip* and Smut Togo^ which, fays
Quito*, ** penetrates ao leagues into the
country ; the inner part is all fafc, and
may be entered with fccurity, by uicht at
well at by da^. On every lide, in its vi-
cinity, many vill'igct may be diftinguiflted,
and if \vc may judge by the fmokc which
rifct by day, and the iiresthat are facu by
i\ight, there are many more in the iutcrior
paitt.*' I'hc harbour in thit bay, wat
named by Quirun, !■><» Vtta Crum, and is a
part of this bar, and large enough to ad-
mit looo veflelt. The anchorage it on an
excellent bottom of Mack fand, in water
of different deptiis, from 6 tu 40 f«ithonu,
between % fine rivem.
yij^n.7rf; the chief town of the captain-
flii|> uf Rio Grande in Brazil.
TiMiil/kamatM Late, in L. Canada, it
;>b()ui 30 miles long and 10 broad, having
i'(?veral fmall illand^ Its waten empty
into Uiawat river, by« fliort and narrow
channel, 30 milet N of the N part of Ne-
pilfing lake. Indians named Timmifca-
inaings rcfldc round this lake.
TimLutn, two townlliips of Pcnnfylva-
fiia ; the one in Buck's co. the other in
tliat of Delaware. The former has 947,
and the latter 272 inhabitants.
Tinier'* IJlti>J,one of the Elizabeth Id-
ands, on the coa(l uf MaflachuCetts, oflF
buzzard's Bay, 8 miles from the main
land of Barnttable co. It is the fecood
in magnitude, and the middle one of the
2 largcft. It is about 3. miles long from N
•0 S, and about a mile and a half broad
from E to W ; and between this and
}4aOuwn Ifland is a channel for floopt and
fmall velTcIs, as there is alfo between it
and Slocum's Ifland, about a mile farther
to the wedward.
Tiitmtutb, a towafliipof Nfova Scotia on
the caftern coaft It was formerly called
Pi(!iou, and lies about 40 swlM froai Tru-
4i. Sce/y^w. II
\
TiHmoiiil, a pod town of VermQnt, Rul*
land CO. and contains 973 inhabitants.
T.'ii^^nal, a ri Jt filvcr mine in the prov*
ince of Coda Rica 1 which fee.
TiWd, a jurifdi«^un in th« empire of
Peru ; wherein is the famous fdvcr mine
called Condonoma. 8ce Canctt.
Tiiitamar*,aitivw of Nova Scotia, which
it navigable 3 or 4 miles up for fmall vcf-
kU.
Titi; a river of Terra Firma, ao Icaguci
E of Cipe Honduras.
TV^a Po;ni, or Cii6e, on the W coaft of
N. Murico, is a rough head laud, 8 leagues
fr*m the valley of t'olima.
Tii>£j, a townfltip of Pennfylvania, is
Luzerne co. having 560 inhabitants.
Tiaga, a co. of N. York, bounded E by
Otfcgo, W by Ontario, N by Qnoiidagn,
and S by the State of Pcnnfyivania. It
contains 7406 inhaliitanti. The courts
arc held alternately, at Chenengo, and
Newtown Point, in the town of Chemung.
Some curious bones have been dug up in
this county. About la miles from Tioga
Point, the bone or horn of an animal wis
foundf 6 feet 9 inches lung ; ai inches
round, at the long end, and 15 inches at
the fmall end. k it incurvatcd nearly tu
an arch uf a large circle. By the prefent
ftate of both the endt, much of it mull
have petiflicd ; probably a or 3 feet from
each end.
Tioga Point, the point of land formed by
the confluence of Tioga river with the E
branch of Sufquehannah river. )t is about
5 1 miles foutherly from the line which di«
vides N. York from Pennfylvania, and it
about 150 miles N by W of Philadelphia.
The town of Athens (land* on tlus point
of land.
Tioga Jliver, a branch of the Sufque-
hannah, which rifes in thr Alleghany
mountains in about Jat. 4a, and ruouiug
eafwardty, empties into the Sufquehan-
nah at Tioga Point, in lat. 41 57. It it
navigable for boats about jo miles. There
is faid to be a praAicable communi-
cation between the fouthern branch of
the Tioga, and a branch of the ^Uegha-
ghany, the head waters of which are near
each other. The Seneca Indians fay they
can wallc^4time>viaa day, from the boat-
able waters of the Alleghany, to thofe of
the Tioga, at th« place now mentioned.
Tiongbnioga River, 8tc Cbenenga River,
Ti(>oha,an ifland in the S. Pacific Ocean,
one of thofe called George's Iflaoda. S
lat. 14 a7, W Ion. 144 56.
Ti^MHjf't Rivir. Sec Tarija,
Tifiury,
TIT
Ttjinn, a fin»ll fitljid^ <own on ll)c N
ide uf the illand of Marthi'o Vineyard, 3
militfiomCliiloiack.And 97 from U 'lou.
The tuwnfliip wa> inco oirattd in i6;i,
iiml cuiitaini 109I inhaliitwi'i. It ii in
Duke't CO. Mafr;icl)uretc*,an<l in 1 Vftt the
raftcrly part wai incorporated into j fcp-
UAic prccini^t
'Ti/tMt.ii village ofOuenca, and drparc-
ment of AlanGt, in Qnitu, in H, Anieric*,
which WM cmircly dLllruycd by an cirth*
quake, but the inhabitants cfcaped, Kiid
removed to a fafer fituation. 'J'he marki
ofthit die'idfui convullion of n^i ire arc
ftill vifible.
'Tilhuat an iflind of S. America, in the
S.Pacitic Ocean, near the coall of I'cru.
TitUata, or Cliueuilj, a lake ot Charcas,
in I'cru ; and ii the brg< ft of all the known
lake* in S. America. It it uf an oval lijjure,
with an inclination from N W to S E,
and about So leaguei in circuit. The
water it, in fume pui-t», 70 or 80 fatbomi 1
deep. Ten or twelve Urge, bclide a '
greater number of rmaller dreamt lall in-
to it. The water of this lake, tliuugh
neither fait nor brackifli, is muddy, and
hai i'umething fo naufeout in iti tafte, ai
not to be drank. On an ifle in thii lake,
Mango C'aflac, the founder of the Peru-
vian monarchy, reported thnt the Sun,
Jiis father, had pUccd him with Ocllo hi*
confort and fidcr. Here was a temple
dedicated to the Sun, fplcndid with pkte»
of gold and filver. The lodiani, ou fee-
ing :he violent rapacity of the Spuniarda,
«re thought to have thrown the imnicnfc
colleAion of richc* in the temple, into
thit lake. But thcfe valuable cifeAs were
t&rown into another lake, iu the valley
of Orcot, 6 leagues S of Cufco, in water
lii or 14 fathoms deep. Toward* the H
.part of Titicaca Lake, the banks approach
OM another, fo as to form ;i*kind of bay,
terminating in a river, called £i Dcfagua-
dcro, or the drain ; and afterwards forms
the Lake of Paria, which has no vifi-
ble outlet. Over the river £1 Defa-
^dero ftill remains the bridge of rufltcs,
invented by Capac Yupanqui, the fifth
tsca, for tranfporting his army to the
other fide, in order to conquer the prov-
ilices of Collaftiyo. The Defaguadero is
here between 80 and 100 yards iu breadth,
flowing with a very impetuous current,
under a fmooth, and, as it were, fleeping
furface. The Inca, to overcome this dif-
ficulty, ordered 4 very large cables to be
fiade of a kind of grafs, which covers the
yttj hcatbi and monntaiiM of that coun-
TOA
try, and by the lndi.«ns called Miu 1 As
th<it thcfe rablf^ were the fuundatioi) uf
the wliDJc llruCture. Two of thtft bcin.j
laid acrol'i the water, f;ifcines I'l dry jii-
neir<<, and totura, two fpeeies tf ruilie*,
were faAtiud tugctlicr, and laid ucrol*
the calilcf. On titu ;i|',ain the two ochcf
Citbles were laid, and covired with limilar
falrines fccurcly fadcncd on, but of a
Imallcr flee than the fli fl, and arr:inged To
ai to form a level furface. And by this
means the Inca procured ara''e jiad'age for
his army. This bridge of rulltci, whicli
is about live yard* broad, and cue yard
and a half above the furface of the watir,
is carefully repaired, or rebuilt, every fit
months by thcucighbonriug pruvlncc*-, iu
puriuaiicc ot a law m:.dc by tli.it Inca ;
and fiacc uft:.'n cuiillintcd by the kings ol'
Spain, oa account of its vafl ufc, it bcin^
the channel ot intcrcourfc between thote
provinces ou each tide the Dclaguadero.
Tivtrion, a towufltip of Rhutle Illaml,
Newport Co. havinji MaflHchulctts on the
N and K, and Little Compton townlliip
on the 8. It contains 1717 inhabitants.
it is about I J miles N N C of Newport.
T/iim, a river in the S W part uf N.
America, (00 miles from New Spain. In
a journey made thus <nr, iu 1606, tlir
Spaniards found fome large edilices, and
met with fome hidians who fpoke tiis
Mexican language, and who told them,
that a few days journey from that river
towards the N was the kingdom of I'olan,
and many other inhabited places whence
the Mexicans migrated. It is, indeed,
confirmed by Mr. Stewart, in his late trav-
els, that there are civilized Indians in tbe
interior part» of America. Beyond the
Miflburi, he met with powerful nations
who were courteous and hofpitable, and
appeared to be a polilhcd aud civilized
people, having regularly built towns, and
enjoying a (late of focicty not far removed
from the European ; and indeed to be
pf rfedly equal wanted only iron and fteel.-
Tii'Jiala, or 2jt» Amg$lot, a province of
New Spain. See AngSu.
TtJt one of the two rivers, Bajamond
being the other, which empty into the
harbour of Porto Rico, in the ifiand of
thu name in the W. Indies.
taabotitUf one of the two fmall illands to
the N eaftward of the S end of Otaha 1(1-
and, one of the Society lilands, in the S.
Pacific Ocean.
Taamealingy two townCbips of Pennfyl-
vania ; the one in Montgomery co. the
other io that of Nottiuo>]^toa.
'11
i m
f 6L
T M
'fubago, an inaiid In the \V.I[«{]ie«,tvhicb,
^Itcii in the hands of the Dutch, was call-
td Nnu f^elcbereii, is about lO league* to
the N of Trinidad, and 40 S orBarbadues.
It« length is about 3a miles, but its
breadth only about x%, and iti circumfer-
ence dbout 80 miles. The climate h not
ib hot as might be expetSted io near the
equator ; and it is faid that it lies out of
the courfe of chofe hurricanes that have
fometimes proved fo fatal to the other
W. India lHaiids. It has a fruitful foil,
capable of producing fugar, and indeed
every thing elfc that is raifed in the W.
India iflands, with the addition (if we
may believe the Dutch) of the cinna-
mon, nutmeg, and gum copal. It is well
watered with numerous fprings ; and
its bays and rivers are fo dil'p'^fed as
to be very commodious for all kinds of
fhipping. The value and importance of
this iflind, appears from the cxtenfivc and
formidable armaments fent thither in
fupport of their different claims. It fcems
to have been chiefly poflefled by the
Dutch, who defended their pretcnfinns
againfl: both England and France, with
t!ie mod obdinate perfeverance. By the
treaty of Aiz la Chapclle, in 1748, it was
declared neutral ; though by the treaty
of 1763, it was yielded up to O. Britain ;
but in June, 1 781, it was taken by the
French, and ceded to them by the treaty
of 1783 ; and captured by the BritiOi in
1791. N lat. II 16, W Ion. 60 30.
Tnbaffi Ifland, Little, near the N E ex-
tremity of the above idand. It is abottt
2 miles long, and i broad.
Toby'i Cteek, an ieaftern branch of Alle-
ghany river in Pennfylvania : its fouthet-n
head water is called Little Toby's Creek.
It runs about SS miles in a W S W and W
courfe, and enters the Alleghany about
ao miles below Fort Franklin. It is deep
enough for batteaux' for a conCdcrable
•way tip, thenc6 by a fliort portage to the
W branch of Si f juehahnah, by which t
conununication is formed between Ohio,
and the eaftern parts of Pennfylvania.
Toeayma, i city of Terr^ Firma, and in
N. Granada.
Tozofdhntclei Creek, a water of Oiikmul-
{ee river, in Georgia.
ToltanJ, acountyof Connedlicut, bound-
ed N by the State of MaiTachufetts, S by
New London CO. E by Windham, «nd W
by Hartford co. It is fubdivided into 9
townfliips, and contains 14,3 19 inhabit:iiits.
A great proportion of the county is hilly,
but the foil is gencraHy Arong and good
f»r graHing. .
T'olhiitf, the chief town of the abova
county, was incorporated in X7IJ, and is
about 18 miles N £ of Hartford. It iia«
a congregatiunal church, court houfc,
gaol, and 26 or 30 houl'es, compadUy built,
in the cantre of the town, and contains
1638 inhabitants.
To/u, a town of Terra Firma, S. Amer-
ica, with a harbour 00 i bay of the N. Sea.
The fathons balfam of the fame name
comes from this place' ; 114 miles S W of
Carthagena. N lat. 9 36, W Ion. 75 az.
Tomaco, a Lirge river of Popayan, and
Terr^ Firma. S. America, about 9 mili-s N
E of Galia Ille. About a league and a
half withiri the river is an Indian town,
of the fame name, and but fmall, the in-
habitants of which commonly fupply fmall
Veflcls with provifions, when tlicy put iit
heie for refrcflutteut.
TatKobawk If.and, on the E coall of Pat-
agonia, 24 miles N £ of Seal's Bay.
Tumba Ri-ver, on the coaft of Peru, is
between the port of Hilo and the river
of Xuly dt Chuly. There is anchorage
agaiiifl: this river in 20 fathoms, and clean
ground. Lat. ty 50S.
ToHiiigRee River, is the dividing line be*
twcen the Creeks and Cba(Staws. Above
the junction of Alabama and Mobileriv-
fers, the latter is called the Tombigbee riv-
er, from the fort of Tombigbee, on the
W fide of it, about 96 miles above the
town of Mobile. The fource of this riv-
er is reckoned to be 40 leagtfcs higher up,
in the country of the Chickafaws. I'he
fort of Tombigbee was captured' by the
Britifh, but abandoned by them in 1767.
The riVer is navigable for floops and
fchooners about 35 leagues above the
town of Mobile : 130 American familici
are fettled on this river, that have been
Spanifli fubjedls fince 1783.
Tome/obi Lake, id Hatley townfliip, Ij.
Canada, gives rife to a fuuthern branch
of St. Francis river.
Totnina, A jurifdifUon in the archbifliop-
fjc of La PlAta in Peru. It begins about
1 8 leagues S E from the city of Plata ; on
its eaftern confines dwell a nation of wild
Indians, called Chiriguanos. It aboundc
with wine, fugar and cattle.
Tomifcamng, a lake of N. America, which
fends its waters S E through Ottawas riv-
er, into Lake St. Francis iji St. Lawrence
river. The line which feparates Upper
from Lower Canada, runs np to this lakrt
a line drawn due N until it ftrkcs the
boundary line of Hudfon's Bay.
'Titn/'f"ntf-iin, a YilU'ge of Pfnnfvlvaui*,
'Mifflir*
TO jr
TOR
Mifflin ca contaiqitig about a dozen houf-
t», 2Z miles from LewiQown.
Horn's Creek, in N. Jerfey, feparatcs the
toVrns of Dover and Shrewibury.
' Torifgayon Bay, on Lake Ontario, U.
Canada, oppofite the E end of Amhcrd
Ifland, lies between Kingflon and Erned
Town.
TanJeh, a river at the bottom of the
Gulf of Campeachy, in the S W part of
the Gulf of Mexico ; 15 miles W of St.
Annes, and 34 f of Gaufikwalp. It is
bavigable for barges and other vefTels of
from 50 to 6ot ns.
Toitewaiito, the name of a creek and In-
dian town, in the N W part of N. York.
The creek runs a wcftward courfe, and
enters ISfiagara Rivef oppoGte Grand Ifl-
and, 8 miles N of Fort Erie. It runs
about 40 iriiles, and is navigable a8 miles
from its mouth. I'he town Hands on its
S fide, 1 8 miles from Niagara River. Alfo
the Indian name of Filliing Ba]^,oa Lake
Ontario.
'tinigataioo, one of the Friendly Iflands,
in the S. Pacific Ocean, about 60 miles in
circuit, but rather oblong, and wideft at
the E end. It has a rocky coaft, except
to the N fide, which is full of Hioals and
iflands, and the Chore is low and fandy.
It furnifhes the beft harbour or anchor-
aee to be found in thefe iflands. The
iifand is all laid out in plantations, be-
tween which are roads and lanes for
travelling, drawn in a very judicious
manner for opening an eafy communica-
tion from one part to another. I'he in-
habitants are lefs warlike than favages in
general, mild and gentle in their man-
ners. They cut oif two joints of the lit-
tle finger at the lofs of a near relation.
They offer human facrificcs to their dei-
ties. The Mifllonary Society of London
have fcnt the gofpcl to thefe poor pa-
gans, hut the fuctefs has hot equalled
their wjflies. The gofpel ill accords with
their lufts, too long indulged to be eafily
rcftraincd. S lat. ai 9, W long. 174 46.
VariHtion of the needle, in t777, was 9
;.^ E.
Tamanta Creei, runs into the river St.
Lawrence, in the townfliip of Yonge, U.
Canada.
Totticat. See Coupee Point.
Tjnti, an iiland at the mouth of Lake
D'Urfc, at the eaflern extremity of Lake
Ont.irio, is within the Britifli territories ;
II miles N E of Point au Goelans, and
II weft of Grand Ifliind, having feverai
ifles between ii and the latter.
V»t. I. <W «2 g
fjntl, or Tjnty, a river which empties
through the N fliorc of Lake Erie ; xi
miles W by N of Riviere a la fiarbue.
'fjiitnral. Cape, on the coaft of Chili, in
S. America, t$ leagues to the N of Guaf-
ca, and in lat. a; 30 S.
Toobauai, one of the Society Iflands ia
the S. Pacific Ocean, not more than 5 or
6 miles acrofs in any part. S lat. 23 25,
W long. 149 »3.
Toofoa, one of the Friendly Ifles. It it
covered with forefts, 4 leagues in circum-
ference, mountainous, and uninhabited.
It lies near Kao.
Toa/cLtondoLb, an Indian vil!agc on the N
W co.»ft of America, of confiderahle im*
portaiicf in the fur-trade ; fituated on a
point of land between two deep founds.
N lat. 53 1, W long. 131 30.
Toituccl), a fnMll lew ifland in Nootka
Sound, on the N W co.ift of America, on
the eaftern (Ide of whicli is a couliderable
Indian village ; the inhabitant* of which
wear a garment apparently compofcd of
wool and hair, moftly white, well fabri-
cated, and probably by themfelvcs.
Topia, a mountainous, barren part of
New-Bifcay province in Mexico, N.Amer-
ica ; yet moft of the neighbouring parti
are pleafant, abounding with all manner
of provifions.
Topsjield, a townfhip of Maflachufettf,
EfTex CO. containing 789 inhabitants. It
is 8 miles wefleriy of Ipfwich, and 24 N
by E of Bofton.
Tapjham, a townfhip of Vermont, in
Orange co. W of Newbury, adjoining. It
is watered by I'ome branches of Wait't
River, and contains 344 inhabitants.
T.pjbam, a townfliip of Maine, in Lin-
coln CO. It is bounded on the N W by
Little River ; N by Bowdoin and Bow-
doinham ; £ by Cathancc and Merry
Meeting Bay ; S and S W by Amarifcog-
gin River, which feparates it from Brunf-
wick. It has 942 inhabitants. It was
incorporated in 1764. A few EnglilTi at-
tempted to fettle here in the beginning
of the laft century. Thefe were cut off
by the natives. Some families ventured
to fettle in this hazardous fituation in
1730 ; from which period, until the
peace of 1763, the inhabitants never felt
wholly fccure from the natives. U is 37
miles S by W of Hallowell, and 156 N by
E of Buflon.
Torbay, a town on the caflcrn cos ft of
Nova Scotia ; 22 milts 3 W of Roaring
Bull Ifland, and 100 N K of Halifax.
Tnbek, a village on the S fide of the S
pcninlula
!■■'•: !'i
it, '■
i«-. Ma
TOR
TOW
peninfula of St. Domingo ; 3 leagues N
W of Avache Ifland.
TormtHtitt Cape, on the W fide of the
Straits of Northumberland, between the
ifland of St. John's and the £ coaft of
Nova-Scotia, is the N point of the en-
trance to Bay Vcrtc. It is W from Gov-
ernor's Ifland, on the S £ coaft of the id-
and of St. John's. In fome maps this
point is called Cafe Storm.
Tot onto, a fcttlement on the N W bank
of Lake Ontario, 53 miles N by W of
Von Niagara. N lat. 44 i, W long. 79 10.
Toronto Say, now called York harbour.
Toronto River, called by feme St. John's
River, now called the Humber.
ftttringtoHfOt Bedforft Bay,oa the fouth-
em coaft of Nova-Scotia, and its entrance
is at America Point, about 3 miles N of
the towu of Halifax. It has from 10 to
13 fathoms at its mouth, but the bay h
almofl: circular, and has from 14 to jo
fathoms water in it. A prodigious fea
fets into it in winter.
Toi-ringtan, a townflup of Conne«5licut,
in Litchfield co. 8 miles N of Litchfield.
It has 1,417 inhabitants.
Tortoifet, The River of, lies lO miles
above a lake lo miles long, and 8 or 10
broad, which is formed by the Miilifippi
in Lnuifiana and Florida. It is a large
fine river, which runs into the country a
good way to the N £, and is navigable
40 miles by tiie largeft boats.
Tortile, Portage de la, at the head of the
S W branch of the Ottawa River, U. Can-
ada, near the fmail lake which joius the
portage leading to Lake Nc•^>if^ltlg.
Tirtue, an ifland on the N fide of the
ifland of St. Domingo, towards the N W
part, about 9 leajpacs long from E to W,
and 2 broad. The W end is nearly 6
leagues from the head of the bay of
Moufl:iquc. The freebooters and bucca-
nicrs drove the Spaniards from this ifl-
and in 163^ ; in i6;!8, the Spaniards
maflacrcd all the IVtuch colony ; and in
J639, the buccanicrs retook Tortue. In
1^)76, the I'ttnth took policlliou of it
■gain.
Tor/vgfs, Dry, flioals foiitli-weftward
from Cape Florida. Thty arc 134 IcHgucs
from the bar of Pcnfacola, and in lat. 24
3a N, .ind Inu,^, 83 40 W. They conlifl
of 10 hnall iilcMids or keys, iiiid extend E
N E and W S W 10 or i^ milts ; niuft of
thcni are covered with buflits, and may
hf fc'u at the diftancc of four leagues.
The S W key is one of the fuirtlleft! but
ttic mult Hiittcrial to be known, is in
lat. 34 31 N, and long. 83 4O W,
From the S W part of this key, a reef
of coral rocks extends about a quarter
of a mile; the water upon it is vifibly
difcoloured.
Tortugat Hairbeur, on the coaft of Bra-
zil, is 60 leagues E S £ from the Cape of
Arbrafec, and the fliore is flat all the way
from the Gulf of Maranhao.
Tortugai, an ifland fo named from the
great number of turtle found near it, is
near the N W part of the ifland of St.
Domingo. See Tortue.
Tortugat, or Sal Tortuga, is near the W
end of New-Andalufia and Terra Firma.
It is uninhabited, although about 30 miles
in circumference, and abounding with
fait. N lat. II 36, W long. 65. It is 14
leagues W of Margaritta Ifland, and 17
or 18 from Cape Blanco on the main.
There are many iflands of this name on
the N coaft of S. America.
Tortugat Point, on the coad of Chili, and
in the S. Pacific Ocean, is the S point of
the port of Coquimbo, and 7 or 8 leagues
from the Pajoras Iflands. Tortugas road is
round the point of the fame name, where
fliips may ride in from 6 to 10 fathoms,
over a bottom of blackfand ; near a rock
called the Tortugas. The road is wtll
flicltered, but will not cohtain above lo
or 30 fhips fafely. Ships not more than
100 tons burthen may careen on the Tor-
tugas rock.
Tofquiatojfy Creek, a N head water ff
Alleghany River, whofe mouth is E of
Squcaughta Creek, and 17 miles, N W of
the Ichua Town ; which fee.
Totoiva, a place or village at the Great
Falls in Paflaik River, N. Jerfey.
Tottery, a river which empties through
the S E bank of the Ohio, aad is uavi^iu-
blc with batteaux to the Occafioto Moun-
tains. It is a long river, and has I v
branches, and interlocks with Red Cr. ':,
or Clir.che's River, a branch of the " tii-
nelTee. It has btlow the mountains, tl-
pecially for ij milts from its mouth, very
gond land.
. Toulon, a townll.Jp of N. York, in On-
tario co. fn 1796, 1/3 of the inhabitAiits
were elccStors,
Tower/All, a village in the townfliip of
S. Kingftown, Rhodc-Idand, where a poft
ofiice is kept. It is to miles Wof New-
port,
Town/end, a town in Norfolk co. TI.
Canada, lies in the rear and N of Wood-
honfe.
TownJhenJ, a townfliip of Windham co
». Vermoi'ti-
T R E
T R I
t the Great
Vermont, W of Wcftminfter and Putney,
containing 1,083 inhabitants.
Toivtijhend, a harbour on the coad of
Maine, where is a bold harbour, having
nine fathoms water, flicltered from all
tvinds. High water, at full and change,
45 minutet after ic o'clock.
Townjlend, a townfliip of Middlcfcx co.
MafTacbufctts, containing 1,149 inhabit-
ants, 45 miles nortliward of Boftnn.
Tracoducbe, now Garlelon, a fctttlement
on the N &de of Chaleur Bay, about j
leagues from the great river Cafquipihi-
ac, in the S W dire(ftion. It is a place of
condderable trade in cod-iifli, &c. Be-
tween the townfliip and the river Cafqul-
pibiac is the fmall village of Maria.
TianifulUity, a place in SufTex co. New
Jerfey, B miles S of Newtown.
Trap, a village in Talbot co. Maryland,
about 6 miles S £ of Oxford.
Trap, Tie, a village of Pennfylvania, in
Montgomery co. having about a dozen
houfes, and a German Lutheran and Cal-
vinid church united. It is 1 1 miles from
Pottfgrove, and 26 from Philadelphia.
Traf, a village in Somerfet co. Mary-
land, at the head of Wicomico Creek, a
branch of the river Wicomico, 7 miles S
W of Salifbury, and 6 Nof Princef« Ann.
'Traptown, a village of Frederick co.
Maryland, on Cotodtin Creek, between
the South and Cotoiflin Mountains, and
7 miles S W of Frcdericktown.
Ttovcr/e Bay, Great, lies on the N E
corner of Lake Michigan. It has a nar-
row entrance, and fets up into the land
5 E, and receives Travetfe River from
the eaft.
treadhaven Cretk, a fmall branch of
Choptank River.
Trtafis IJlanJt, form a part of Mr.
Sliortland's New Georgia, (Surville's Ar-
chipelago of the Arfacides) lying from
6 38 to 7 30 S lat. and from 153 3.^ to
156 E long, from Greenwich. Sec A>fa-
tidis, &c.
Tiencbe Mont River, a fmall river of
the ifland of St. John's, in the Gulf of ijt.
Lawrence.
Tr^'oibic, a townfliip in Grafton co. N.
Hampfliire, having 47 inhabitants.
Trent, a fmall river of North CHroiina,
which falls into Neus River, at Newbern.
It is navigable for fea veflel?, 1% miles
above the town, and fur boats 20. See
Ncus.
Trtnton, one of the largeft towns in'N.
Jerfey, and the metropolis of th» State, in
Hunterdon so. on the £ tide •i Delaware
River, oppofite the fails, and nearly iff
the centre of the State from N to S. 'The
river is not nM'igable above the fe falU,
except for boats wliich will carry from
■500to 70obulhel8 of whe;!t. Thin town,
with Lanibcrton, which joins it on tlie>S,
contains about 300 houfes, and z,ooo in-
habitants. Here tlie iigillaturc ftatcdiy
meets, the fuprcme court fits, and mod of
the public officts are kept. The inhabit-
ants havelately ere(5tcd a handfonie court-
houfc, too feet by 30, with a femi-hexa-
gon at each end, over which is a baluf-
tf adc. Here are alfo a church for Kpif- *»
copalians, one .^or Prefliyterians, one for
Methodifts, and a Qnaker meeting lioufe.
In the neighbourhood of this pleafant
town arc a number of gentlemen's feats,
finely fituated on the banks of the Dela-
ware, and ornamented with tafleand ele-
gance. Hcret is a flouriihing academy.
It is I a miles S W of Princeton, 30 from
Brunfwick, 30 N E of Philadelphia, an<l
176 from Wafliington. N lat. 40 15, W
long. 74 15.
Trenton, k fmall port town of Maine,
Hancock co. 1% miles W by S of Sullivan,
31 N E by E of Penobfcot, 286 N E of
Bofton. This town is near Defert Ifland,
and has 294 inhabitants.
Trenton, the chief town of Jones' co. N.
Carolina, on the S fide of I'rent River.
It contains 195 inhabitants, a court houfe
and gaol. It is J2i miles from Philadel-
phia.
Trenton, a poft town in Oneida co. I^evf
York, 508 miles from Wafliington.
Trepojfi Bay, or Tre/poffes Bay, and Har'
bour,Qni\\e Slide of Newfoundland Ifland,
near the S £ part, and about 21 miles to
the northweflward of Cape R;ice, the S E
point of the ifland. The harbour is large,
well fecurcd, and the ground good to an-
cboi in.
Triarg'e IJland, a fmall ifland, one of
the Bahamiis. N lat. 20 5 1 , W longitude
6953.
'Trhugte Shaah, lie weftward f)f the pc-
ninfula of Yiicat<iu, ne.ur the E fliore of
tiie Bay of Cair.pcachy, nearly W of Cape
Condecedo. N lat. 17 5, W long. 1 11 59.
Ttirfic Biiy, on the coaft of Terra Fir-
ma, is nearly due S from Bonair IflMiid,
one of the Little Antilles, E of Curaflou
Illand.
Tticjle IJland, a fmall ifland at the bot-
tom of the Gulf of CampcRchy, W of
Fort Royal Iflaud, about 3 leagues from
E to W. The cretk which ft|)arate8 it
from Port Royal Uland is ftarcciy broad
enou^U •
l'» 1
' Mi'l
' ' Br 'i
'''W
1
'"/I
,
.' ^miA
flPH
fill
m
'j ■ffii'
enough to admit a canoe. Good frefli
water will bf got hy digging 5 or 6 feet
deep in the fait rami ; at a Icfs depti) it h
brackifh and laic, and iit a greater depth
than 6 feet it is fait again.
TfinitfuJ, a fmalt iflaud in the S. Atlan-
tic Ocean, E of Spiritu Santo, in Brazil.
& lat. 20 30, W lung. 41 20. It is alfo
called Trinity.
TrinUiiJ, or TrinUaJa IJland, near the
coafl of Terra Firma. It partly forms
the Gulf of Patia, or Bocca del Drago,
.and is much largf r than any other upon
the coafl. It !. 36 leagues in length, and
18 or 20 in breadth, hut the climate is
rathtr unhealthy, and little of it is clear,
ed. The current fets fo Aiong along the
coail from £ to W, as to rtnder mod of its
bays and harbours ufelefs. It produces
fugar fine tobacco, indigo, ginger, a vari-
ety ot fruit, fon\e cotton, and Indian (;orn.
It was taken hy Sir Walter Raleigh, jn
1.595, 3"d ^'y the French in 1676, wHo
plundered the illand, and extorted money
from the inhaltitants. It wa^ capturjed
by the Britiih in Feb. 1797. It is fituate d
between 59 and 62 W long, and in 10 N
lat. The N £ point lies, in lat. 10 J$ K«
and long. 59 37 W. The chief town is
St. Jofeph.
Trittidud, La, a town of Mexico, in the
province of Guatimala, , on the banks of
the river Belen, 1% miles from the fea;
but the road isatmoll impaiTableby land.
It is 70 miles S £ of Guatimaia, and 24
£ of La Conception. N lat. 13, W long.
9* "o.
Trinidad, La, on the N coaft of the Ifth-
mus of D;irien, licb call\^ard of Docca del
Toro, und fome cluftt-rs of fmall iflands,
and S W of Porto Bello and Fort Chagre.
N lat. 8 JO, \V long. 81 }<;
TiiniJad, or La So,./(j»jte Pert, a town
on a bay of the Pacific Ocean, about 6^
miles S E of Petapa, and 164 from the
town of Guatimala, Alt the goods that
arefent from Peru and Mexico to Acax-
atla, about 12 miles from it, are brought
to this port. It is 9 miles from the town
to the harbour which is much frequented,
and is a place of great trade; being the
ncHreft landing to Guatimala for (hips
that come from Peru, Panama,and Mexico,
Trinidad, La, one of the fcapotts on
the S part of the ifland of Cuba, N W of
the W tnd of the groupc of illat^ds called
Jardiii de la Reyna, J{ lat. 21 40, W
lon(». 80 .50.
Ti iniJ-id, La, an open town of Vciagua,
and audience of TJ^xico,
t R 6
Trinidad Ciamitf lias the illana oC To-
bago oil the N W| a^d that of I'rimdad
on the S.
Trinidad, or Trinitj, a town of New
Granada and Terra Firnu,.in S. Americs,
about 23 miles N tof St. Fc.
Trinity Bay, on the 4 f>de of Iklewfound-
land Ifland, between lat. '47 53 30, and
48 37 N. , i - . .
Trinity Fort, a lar^e bay of Mariinico
Ifland, in the W. Ind-^s, formed on the S
E by Poiiit Caravelle
Trinity IJe lies near the coaft of Pata-
gonia, in S. America, t ut York' lAands.
Slat. 5037. „, ,
Trinity Ut, the nortneafteTQinQft of the
fmall illands on the S £ coaft of the penin-
fula of Alalka, on the N W coaft of A.
merica, N £ of Foggy Iflancls. ,
Trio, a cape on the coaft of Brazil, S.
America. • 4. '
'ftifio, a bay on the iH coaftof S. Amer-
ica, is W S W of the river Turiano. It
has good anchorage, and is well weltered
from the fwell of the fea. ^ ,
frMgHio Bay, ill tlie GuU of Honduras,
Oiorc of the QyXi ofJWaicyj i» with,
in the Ifland of Cities. Dulcc River lies
a little W. .... >
Xrocadfe, z fmall ifland 6h the N coaft
of the ifland of St, Johii's, lying off the
niouth of Shimcne Port, and in the Criilf
of St. Lawrence.
Troit Hivieret, a bay at ^he £ epd of
j the.^ above mentioned idaiid of St. John's^
and W of (!!ape Breton Iflajnid. Three
ftrcanis fall into it from djiOrercht direc-
tions; hence its name. N lat. 465, W
! Ion;:;. 6a 15. _, .
Ttoii Ri-uitres, or the Tlrte Jlivers, a
town of Lower Canada, fctile4 by the
French in x6to, I'he^tuwn ftands oq^
the northern banic of the St. Laurrence
a^ that part of tlie river called Lake
St. Pierre. It is bpt thinly inhabited,
though commudioufly fituatcd for the
fur tiade,^and was formerly the feat of
the French governmtnt, and the grand
mart to which the natives rcfortcd. It u
p!eai';<ntly fituated in a fectiic couutry,
about jO miles S W of Quebec. The in-
habirants are moftly rich, and have ele-
gant, well furiiinicd houfes, and the coun-
try round wears a fine appearaucct N
lat. 46 J I, W long. 75 IS-
Trompeaur, Cape, del Enganna, or Fdljt
Cape, is the eafternmud point of the ifland
of St. Domingo. N lat. 18 2j, \t long,
from Paris 71.
Tropick Kn't are tiiall illaniU or tocks,
N
V
^
if of Crib HifA&f and off the 1^ eoad^ of
Potto tiieo lilahd. A nuniber of tropic
bird* btted here, Whl^H He a fpfeticB
never fecib btii between the tropics,
Tro^'uoet, a bay sit the fou'tKe'rh cxtrcni-
ity of tHtf caftei-ti ^af V of Lake Huron,
fei^iirattitl frpih IliAAt<ihudot:h Biy oil the
l4 ^ by a broad pl:piA&htory.
Tr'oaitjyaf a A ifland oid the N cPa(l bf
S. Ai%rica, in the liiOuth dt a fVnalJ bay
Aear Caipe Si:co, i £hbtl way A E from
tiie £ poini of the bliy or rivef Taia-
tura,' . . , . I
7'roji yaeoi,OU the S fide of St. Dothln-
)i From this to Cab^ Beate, or Cape a
oiix, the flipre ii roacyi
^rou, te, a fcttiement iii the'l^ part 6i
tlic French divliibn of the ifland of St.
pdmingo.^ :ifflat'. ^9 3,Ji W lbii|. frdm
I'ai'iy74 aai j ■
froyy a pod tbwnri of If. York, Renflel-
laer cp. 6 milet it'pf Allilahy,3 S of L^H-
fingbiirgh city, arid 4^^ froin Wafliingtoh,
on the t bank of Hudl'bti ^itt. The
tbwnbiip of Troy is bounded E by Peteiff*
fturg, and!.w!as taken frbilt Reiliicllacr-
«/|rck towhihip, suid in.cbrpOi'ated in ii^ t.
In. 170^ j jip of |he' inhabitants were
cfei^rs, and in iSoo, th^ wHole riuniber
lijas' ^%(> in f^^9' }^^ ^'^''^ P^ ^'"'
flburiinipg city was Covered with fTocks
and Herds. . j t 1
' Tiumtult, a, ^(t tbwii iii iPairfield CO.
Conneiflifut, 309 miles from Wafliingtoii.
Jt has ^,391 inhabitants.
TrunilHl{, a coiinty of tli^ State of 6fiio,
iVbbiinded £ by tKi; weltern line of ^eiiri-
fylvania, N by Lake t!rK, ^ by the p^i*-
allel of 41 ii lat. exte'ndinjg W 110 miles
on the. S line, einhracihg the whol£ of
ijhat ii called'^ JViw Cnn^u^t. f hefe is
a water communicatibn between St. Law-
rcfice arid Mitfifippi, except gortagesatfli-
agara, Three Rivers, and from the Cayu-
ga to Miilkirigum, 8 miles, the whole not |
exceeding 30 miles. On Lake $r'ie arc ai |
veflels ^tom 40 to aoo tons, employed in j
trarifpoi-tatiori of furs^ fait, Englith goods, '
&^. &c. acrofs the lake. This county in ;
1806 had 1,303 irihabitaritsL Th^ couilty '
town, JP'arren, is 76 miles N* W from Pittf-
bu'rgri.
7V«r«, a town of Nova Scotia, in Hali-
fax cp^ at the head of the Bafin of Minas,
pppofite to, and 3 miles foiitherly of Onf-
low ; 40 miles N by V?" of Halifax, and
40 from Pidtoi|i. It was fettled by tTie
Worth Irirti', fome Scotch', and the de-
fcendanis of North Irilh. Through this
tswQ rj^t tliic river called by the lodiins
■r\
f R tr
Sh{ibbetia6adre, nilvigablfc' for boats t^
within 9 miles of Fott Saclcville.
Truro, a poft town of BU-nftable cb.
MaiTachufetts, lies between lat. 41 37,
ihi 43 4 N> and between loU^. 70 4 abd
7b s'3 W, It is on the tanernmblb p»r[
of the pcninfula of Cape Cod, 57 milet
St £ of Bodon, in a itrai^t 'ine, but
as the road runs it is 126, and 46 front
thi: court houfe of tiarnftable. It h the
Pi.iiiet 6t the Indians, and after its fettle-
riii;h^ in 1700, was Ibnie time called /^//n-
gtrjiclii it was incorporattd ondtr its
plrefent name in 1709, and contains 1,15a
inhabitaiits. Only ohe family uf Indians
retniliiied a few years flnce, and lived un
Pamet PtinU In the Vallty calJcd Great
dolloyjy a cretk tti* up froth the bay, at
the tiiouth of whlcli is a tide harbour.
I'he other laridlng plates are of fma|l
note. Pdmit Harbour is about iao y.irds
wide at the mouth, but is wider within ;
diid if repaired woiild be of piUblic utility.
it liet above 3 leagues S E of Cape Cod
harjbdur. The hill on which the riicetiug-
hdiift (lands, branches from the high
laiid of Ca^ie Cod, we-ll knb^n to feailieu.
Thi; nioiintaiti Of clay in Truro, in the
riiidit of fdndy hill;*',' fecriis to haVe beieit
placed th^e by the God of idaturtJ, to
fervc as a foundation for a "^t-hbiifd,
whichi if efedled', might frtve the liVe's bf
tiipiifahds, arid millions of prbp(.rty. The
fbit of Truro is, in riioft places, fandy',
like PrbvincetoWn ; and the iiihahitants
derive their principal ful/fiflcnci itcn<\.
the fea, whiqh here abounds with Vi«ft
variety of ^fli. Grealt pa*t of their corn
and vegetables arc procured from Boftbri
and the h'eighbouriug towns. Two in-
habitants of Truro, CaptVihs Dslvid
Smith and Gamaliel Collings, were the
firl^ who adventured to Falkland Iflands
in purfuit of whales. This' voyage, which
was crowned with fuccels, was uudcrcak-
eh in 1774, by the advice Of Admiral
Montague of the Britifli navy. Thi
whale. men of Truro now vifit the ctfafl of
Guirii:^ and Bra/il. Many of the maners
of Hiips employed from Boflon and other
^orts, are natives of Truro. The eldcrij*
riien and' frnaTI boys remain at horiid to
cultivate the ground; the refl: are ar fea
^ds of the year. The women arc gcritr-
ally employed in fpinuing, weaving, knit-
ting, &c.
Truxillt, A bay, harbour, and town, at
the bottom of St. Giles's Bay, ou iheeoaft
of Honduras, in the gulf of that n^me.
The bay is about 6 Oiiles broad, l)eing
deep
"!»'•&
.!■«"
'SM
T U C
T U L
■Icrp and fecure, and defended by a caf-
tle ; but it hai little trade. The town
ftands about a leajjue from the North
<Sea, between two rivers, the mouths of
which, with fome iflands before them,
form the harbour. The country is ex-
ceedingly fruitful in corn and grapes, and
niit\»ithAand!ng the heat of the climate,
irery populous. The city is defended by
a thick wall towards the lea, aud is in-
•cccflihlc but by a narrow, Aecp afeent.
.The cadle joins to the wall, and (lands on
a hill. Behind the city are high moun-
tains. It lies 300 miles N £ of Amapal-
.la. N lat. 15 ao, W long. 85 j6.
truxitht the firfl diocefe in the audi-
ence of Lima, in Peru.
TruxUJo, a bay or haibour, and one of
the principal cities of the province of the
fame name in Peru, is 11 leagues from
Chocope, and 80 N W of Lima ; and ac-
cording to Ulloa, the city lies in lat. 8 6
3 S, and long. 77 50 W. It fiands in the
▼alley of CImno, on a fmall river, al>out
Ibalf a league from the lea ; ia furround-
ed with a brick wall, and from its circuit
may be claiTed aniong cities of the third
order. Two leagues to the northward is
the port of Guanchaco, the channel of its
ftade. The houfes make an elegant ap-
pearance, Vcing generally of brick, with
fiately balconies and fupcrb porticoes.
truxillo, or Nijita Seitlora de la Pax, 9,
town of New Granada (Venezuela) and
Terra Firma, in S. America, 125 miles S
of Maracaibo Lake ; on the S bank of
which lake is a village, called Trtixillo,
dependent on this city. The city is in
lat. 9 at N, and long. 69 15 W.
Tryou Mouittaini, in N. Carolina, lie N
tV of the town of Salilbuiy, on the bor-
ders of the State of TenncH'ec.
fuapt, the chief town of the divifiou of
iSenora, in Ntw Mexico.
7ul-a:, a fmall illand, one of the Society
Iflands, in the S. r.iciiic Ocean, is about 4
or 5 leagues to the N by W, or N N W
from Bolabola. S lat. 16 la.Wlong. iji 44.
Tucapee, on the coaft of Chili, and the
W ftdr of S. America, is on the S. Atlan-
tic Ocean, 10 leagues N N E from Rio
Imperial, and 10 to the ifland of Santa
Maria, or St. Mary.
t»Ua'.>aUl)tch a town of the Creek na-
tion of Iniiian*.
TujkaLoc Crfti, in Maryland, Talbot co.
a branch of Choptank River.
Ticitrion, the port of entry for the dif-
tritfl of Little Egg Harbour, in the State
tti N. Jtrfey.
Tucierhti, a pod town in Burlington t*.
N. Jerfcy, aoi miles from Wafliiogton.
Vtucuman, a province of S. America, To
called from a tribe of Indians, and in the
S W divifion of Paraguay. It is bound-
ed N partly by Los Chicas, in Peru, and
partly by Chaco ; S by Cayo and Pam-
[las ; E by Paraguay Proper, and Rio de
a Plata ; and W by St. Jago, in Chili,
and the S end of Chicas ; extending it-
felf from Rie Vermego to Rio Quarto,
almoft from lat. 34 to 34 S, and from £
to W, where broadeR, from the river Sa-
lado to the ridge of the Cordillera, fepa-
rating it from Chili, almoft from loiig. 6z
to 69 30 W. The climate is healthy and
temperate. The lands are rich and well
cultivated, efpecially towards Chili, with
fome defart cantons towards the Magel-
lanic Gde. Its two principal rivers are
Dolce and Saiado, that is, the fwcet and
fait ones ; belide innumerable fmaller
ftreams. The natives are fomcwhat civil-
ized by the Spaniards, and cover them-
felves with their woollen and cotton man-
ufadlures, and live in villages.
Tue'uyoy a town of New Granada, and
Terra Firma, in N. America. It fiands
in a valley of the fame name, every
where furrounded by mountains. The
air is very healthy, and the foil fruitful,
and a river divides the place. It is 200
miles S of Maracaibo city. N lat. 7 10,
W long. 68 36.' ,
Tufunborougb, a town of N. Hampfliire,
in Strafford co. on the N £ fide of I..ake
Winipifeogee, adjoining Wolfborough,
containing 357 inhabitants.
Tygulo River, in Georgia, is the main
branch of Savannah River. The other
great branch is Keowee, which joining
with the other, 1$ miles N W «»f the
northern boundary of Wilke's co. form
the Savannah. Some branched of the
Tugulo rife in the State of TcnncfTcc.
A refpedbible traveller relates that in ten
minutes, having walked his horfe mod-
erately, he tailed of Tugulo, Apalachico-
la, and HiwafTee Rivers.
Tuich'.ir nm Creei, in the State of New-
YorL^ ''^ i'j miles above Schenedlady. £
of the creek is a curious Indian infcrip-
tinn.
Tulfy, one of the military townfhips of
Oaondago co. N. York, having Sempro-
nius W, and Fabius £. It is within the
jurifdidlion of Pompcy, lies 29 miles S £
of the ferry on Cayuga Lake, and has a
pod office.
Tu/febcticn, a branch of (he Schuylkill,
which
t U R
T U R
igton c*.
sgton.
erica, fo
id in the
t liound>
>erU( and
[»d Pam-
d Rio de
in Chili,
:nding it-
Quaito,
i from S
river Sa-
cra, fepa-
[1 long. 6»
althv and
1 and well
:hili, witU
le Magel-
rivers are
fwcet and
e rmaller
what civi!-
ivet them-
otton man-
ahadai and
, It (land*
line, every
:ains. The
oil fruitful.
It is aoo
lat. 7 lo,
iampfhire,
ide of I^akc
ilfborough.
Is the main
The other
lich joining
■ W of the
;'s CO. form
:hei of the
Tcnneflee.
. that in ten
hoffe mod-
kpalachico-
late of New-
edtady. E
[iab infcrip-
lownfhips of
Ing Scmpro-
\ within the
L9 miles S £
\, and has a
: Schuylkill,
which
which empties Into that river at Reading.
Alfo, the name of a town of Pennfylva-
nia, in I^ancader co. 6 miles W of Mid-
dletown, and 65 N W of Philadelphia.
Tulpchocken Creek or River, and Quita-
pahilla, head within 4 miles of each oth-
er. The water communication between
Schuylkill and Sufqoehannah muft be
formed over a tra<fl of country of about
40 milet in extent, from river to river, in
a flraight line ; but about 60 miles as the
navigation mud ga This traift is cut by
the above two creeks. The bottom of
the canal, through which the navigation
mud pafs, will not here rife more than
30 feet above the level of the head wa-
ters of the above two creeks : nor fo much
as 2GO feet above the level of the waters
of Sufquehannah or Schuylkill.
Tumiez, a town in the road to Lima
and Peru, in S. America, 7 leagues from
Salto, a place for landing goods configned
to this place, and in lat. 3 1 3 16 S. Near
this town is a river of the fame name,
which empties into the bay of Guayaquil.
It has near 70 cane houfes.
Tumbling Dam, on Delaware River, is
about 22 miles above Trenton.
7uHbridge, a town(hip of Vermont,
Orange co. la miles W of Thetford. It
•ontains 1,314 inhabitants.
Tuttia. a city of New Granada, in Terra
Firma.
Tuxja, a town of New Granada and
Terra Firma, in S. America. Near it are
mines of gold and emeralds. The air U
temperate, and the foil fruitful. It is
about 30 miles S W of Truxillo. N lat.
4 5t, W long. 72 10.
Tunkers. Sec Ephrofa.
Tunlbannack, a pod town and crcck in
Luzerne co. Pcnnfylvania. The creek is
a water of Sufquehannali.
Tjptnambas, the name of a famous na-
tion who inhabited Brazil nn its lird dif-
covery by the Poituguefe. They left their
chief abode about Rio de Janeiro, and
wandered up to the parts near th^ Ama-
zon, where the Tapayos are now the de-
fcendauts of that brave people. Their
niigration and hiftoryarc fully dcfcribed
by Father D;»cunha.
Tura Bav.ia., a fpacious ])lain of Peru,
in S, America, at the extremity of which
dands the city of Oi^ito. To this plain
there is a road from GiKiyiiqui].
Tutbet, a towulliip of Peniirylvania,on
S'lfquehaniiah River.
Tiiriiino, a river on tlie N cobII of S.
Anic'rica, 3 Icngues K of the iflauds Sir-
barata. Near it is a fait pond which fur-
niflies all the coad with fait, and there i«
harbour and road for (liips to ride' in.
Turin, a pod town in Oneida co. N«
York, 536 miles from Wadiington.
Turtey, a fmall town of N. Jerfcy, Ef-
fez CO. 14 miles N W of Elizabeth Town.
Turkey Font, in Youghiogany River, is
the point of jun<Slion of the great d
Branch, Little Croffings from the S }•:,.
and N Branch from the northward. It
is 35 miles from the mouth of the river,
1% miles S S W of Berlin, in Ptnnfylva-
nia, and 36 N £ of Morgantown. N lat.
39 44-
Turkey Point, a promontory on the N
fide of Lake Erie, oppoGte to Prefqiie
Ifle, on the S fide, about 50 miles acrofs.
Turkey Point, at the head of Chefapeak
Bay, is a point of land formed by the
waters of the bay on the N W, and thofe
of Elk River on the S E. It is about ijf
miles S W of Elkton, and 44 N £ of An-
napolis. Here the Btitifli army landed,
in Augud, 1777, before they advanced to
Philadelphia.
Turkt ^an</r, feveral fmall iHands in the
W. Indies, about 35 leagues N £ of the
ifland of St. Domingo. The Berumdians
frequently come hither and make a great
quantity of fait, and the fliips which fail
from St. Domingo commonly pafs within
fight of them. N lat. 21 18, W long. 71 5.
Turner, a townfliip of Maine. Cumber-
land CO. on the W bank of Androfcoggin
River, which divides it ftom Green in
Lincoln co. It was incorporated in 1786,
contains 722 inhabitants, 172 miles N of
Bodon,and3i S W ofHaliowcll. . Tiven-
ty mile Stream runs through the niiJdIeof
this townfliip, and falls into the Great
Amarifkoggin River oppofice the planta-
tion of Littleborough, and about 5 miles
below TLirty mile Stream.
Turtle IJland, in the S. Pacific Ocean, is
nearly a league long, j>nd not half fo
broad. It is furrouuddd by a reef of
coral rocks, that have no foundings with-
out them. Slat. 19 49, W long 177 57.
Turtle Creel, in Pennfylv.iiiia, a fmall
dream which empties through the E bank
of Mouongahcla River, about it, miles
from the mouih of that river, at Pittf-
burg. At the head of this creek, Gener-
al iiraddock engagifd a party of Indians,
tlie 9th of July, t75.;, <>n his way ro Pott
du (.^cl'nc, iio^v Pittfljur;;, where he wns-
r< i)ulled, himfelf killed, his army p'lt to
flight, and the remains of the army
brought off the field by the addicfs and
cour.iiic
Hi', n
ife:
talir^.ot Colpnel, afte^wgr^* General
Turtie JHiv<r, in Gepr^ia, ^mptici into
St. Slinpn'ft i>pund, ^rtd iit bar hat a (uf-
iiciency of water tpr tl)e iargeft ve0cltbat
fkvinu. A* ••» mouth is the town of
Brvii)(wick, whii^li han a noble and capa>
clou* harhpiir. The tpwn it regularly
j;iid OMt, \}»t ijot yet buUt. X^P Jai^dt
on the Iv^iiif* pf th^» river arc laid to be
C»ccUcut.
Tury, a river onthc craft gf 9r4^)li >n
S. Ampriea. 40 leagues £ S £ pf the river
q,<yta. The illapd of gt. John lijCt juft
nir the river's mouth, and makes a very
good hai;l>our on ,the Infide of it. But
the puffxge both in and out, is difficult,
»ncl no pijpts arc to he had.
7'„/,a>fr/i Cred.a lijiaJl ftream pf Pcnn-
fyI.\Mnia, n iijich empties through the S W
).Mi)k cf Juuiatta kivcr, 12 miles S £ qf
, l>rwiftf>w'n.
Wafiarara TTiHazcr , \\c n mile from eajtli
other, 4 mjle* from Qutenftown, in U.
C.<)jada, containing together ;^ho|jt 40 de-
ciycd hoiifcs. Vtftigc«o^ai>,cient fortjfl-
cations are v>ni?|e.in this neig)ibPK''i>(>od.
'{°iie Iqdian hpi^res are fl^}q\^t 12 ifeet
Cmji^rt; fiwnyof'thfm ^re^holly cover-
ed >v'th bark, pthCTs have the wali« of
h'gt, in.thefatpp mapper as the firft fet-
t.'ers Jimong w.hite people built. their huts,
htyi'ig chimneys in which thty keep
comfprtaMc fire". Many of them, how-
ever, retain tlic ancient cuftpm, of haying
the fire in the centre pf t})e hojufe. Tlie
Jan<li» in the vjcinity are pf a good quality.
Tiifenrnrift, a tribe of Indiana in the
State of N. York. They migrated from
I>J. Carolina, .ibout the vcar 171a, and
Vcrc adopted by the Qncidas, with whom
they have fmre lived, on the fuppf»,(i{ion
that they were oripnally the fame tribe,
fi om na affinity which there is in their
Jangnane. They now couGft of about
400 fouls, thfir village i« between Kah-
riinwo'ohale and New Stockbri(l);e, on
Tlifcarora or Oneiil-t Crejrk. Thty re-
ceive »n annuity of abo"it 400 dollars
from the ITnited i^t-tfs.
7i'f</frarvK fhc .incicnt name of a head
water of Mulkin;.',um River. It is aU'o
C!\l!rd I'ufcarnwns.
Ti,!it^iw, a large t-iwn on the W cosft
o^''.Ncv .\4r::!C(>, io thi:- N. Pacific Ote^n. I
From the river S;<c?tii'r.i, the hij;h and i
ru^jRcd land extcifN N W aj Icaguts. I
Twft'e Ifiits OT Tivehf Ap<{/!(rs, iflcs on I
the S li<k of Lakr .Siipfrior. and on the I
S fide of the mouth oi' Wtft D:iy. jj
V C K
^xrnnt-i MUi Crctik, an e^ftprn bNtleii
of Tombigbce River, in Ceorgia, which
runt firft a S by £ courfe, thien turns to
the S W. \tt mouth lies in %^\xt I^t. 33
33 N,andIong.,&8 W.
Twinty Fivt 4file Pamff it fettleitient in
Kcnneb(fck co. ^laine.
Tivlgfitvittt, a tuibe of Indiant, io the
State of Ohio, inl;ji|hit|ifg near ^yliaipi
Rivfr u\A fqrC Ayitrior^ ^oa Sec
fybte JJlaud, on the cojift of Q^rgia,
lies at the rooi^th of Sav^onan River, to
the fouthwatd pf the bar. It is very
plcafaot, with a be,autif^1 creek to the \v
of it, where a Ihip pf ^ny burden may
lie fajfe ^t ^pchpr. A. liglit-houfe (lands
pn the i/land,,So feet \\\^\, and in bit. 3a
N, and long, gi 1 6 W. The light-hpufe
is 7 ipil.cs £ S £ ^ £ from Savann.ah«
Tyieine, a townOiip of Pcnofylvania, in
Cumberland co, h4vipg ii44^ iph^bitants.
TygarCi Vallty, in P^nptylvania, lies
on Monongahcla F xyex.
"rxg^'i ^ fmail river of S..CaroIina, rife*
in the Alleghapjr Mountains, and, taking
aS.£ cpurfc nearly parallel to Enoree
river, empties into Broad River, 5 niiles
above the £nor,ce.
Tyngjharougb, a tpwnfliip of Mafla,chii«
fetts, Middlefex co. on Merrimack River,
31 utiles N of Bonun, coi^taining 696 in-
habitants.
TynsJlotvitf a tow^fliip of Kennebeck
^o. Majni;, containing 1^4 inhabitants.
Tyringbam, a townfliip pf Maflachu*
fetts, fierkihire co. It contains 1,7 12 in-
habitants, lies 14 miiles from the (hire
town, and 140 W of Qodon.
Tyrone, two townfliips of Pejinfylv,».
nia ; the one in York co. the other in
that of Cumberland, the latter having
1,946 inhabitants.
Tyrrel, a maritime county of Edcnt*
diflritSl, N. Carolina ; boundedl^ I>y Rpa-
noke River and Albemarle Sound, aiul S
by lieaufort. It i.s generally alow, flat.
and fwanipy country, and contains 3,36j
iuhabitanta.
Uc
u.
CAII, Port, on the N W coaft of N.
America:, is fltiiatcd on WHfliington'.s 111-
and, S of Port Gtyer, and N of Port
Sturgis. At its mouth ;ire Ntcdham'*
nics. Tlie middle of the entrance of thi*
bay is in lat. 54 25 N.
Ucoyala River, a b branch of Amazon
River.
Vthf,
tJchel
Bartrac
eft, mo(
town hi
'■'ge, ai
««"C coni
iathed a
* reddifl
which g
brick w
covered
The towi
full of yo
fuppofed
ants. T^
men or
guageisn
or Mufco,
Savanna c
*o be the 1
anefe, a
'he Creeki
and are of
the jcaloul
tonfederac
yet are wi
common en
the general
S. Pacific q
'rom the ifl
W. There
of it. The
long, ijt jj(
W/ea, or ,
more of the
^V'r, a n
of *^ York,
". S by the
the CO. of Gi
^^hff", om
Caynga co,
end of Cayu
and Dryden
eluded withi^
j which was in
537 inhabitai
Unbagag^ t;
or collection
part of Yorli
'".to the Gi
Their fevcraj
felmapunteag,
•wfcook, and
Ireams, the
'"»va, fall ,„ ^
°' this norther
too defeaivc
andprecifedc
Vyu I.
I bMncb
a, which
turn* to
It y^t. 33
eibcnt in
i8, io the
r iyfi»ip>
00.
See
<5<?orgia,
Fiver, to
It 15 very
ttotheVr
xrden may
)ufe (lands
i in lat. 3»
llgh«;-hp"fc
innah*
rylvaoja, in
iph^bitantt.
'Ivaniai li"
irolina, rife>
and, t^Wng
(o Enoree
ver, 5 n>''^"
)f Maffa,ch«-
imacjt River,
ning 696 in-
■ Kcnnebeck
jhabitants.
f Ma<tacb"-
ins 1,7 1*'"-
m the (hire
If Pejinfylvs-
Ithc other in
latter having
, of Edent<*
ed>thyRoa-
Jsoiiod, ana S
\y alow, flat.
pntains 3,363
.' coaft of N.
[liington's H'-
Id N of I'c"^,'
le Nteilham]*
litrwnce oi thi«
[h of Amazon
U M B
Vcbt, an Indian town on the Chata
Uche River. It is (ituated, according to
Bartram, on a vaft plain, and is the urg-
eft, mod compadt, and belt built Indian
town he ever faw. The habitations arc
large, and neat ; the walls of the houfes
are conftruifted of a wooden frame, then
lathed and plaftered infide and out with
a reddifli well-tempered clay or mortar,
which gives them the appearance of red
brick walls ; and the roofs are neatly
covered with cyprefs hark, or (hingles.
The town appears populous and thriving,
full of youth aad young children ; and is
fuppofed to contain about 1,500 inhabit-
ants. They are able to mufter 500 gun-
men or warriors. Their national lan-
guage is radically different from the Creek
or Mufcogulge tongue, and is called the
Savanna or Savanuca tongue. It is faid
to be the fame or a diaie<S of the Shaw-
anefe. Although in confederacy with
the Creeks, they do not mix with them ;
and are of importance enough to excite
the jealoufy of the whole Mufcogulge
Confederacy, and are ufualty at variance,
yet are wife enough to unite againft a
common enemy to fupport the intereft of
the general Creek confederacy.
Utittta, one of the Society Iflands in the
S. Pacific Ocean, is about 7 or 8 leagues
from the ifland of Huaheine, at S W by
W. There are 9 uninhabited iflands W
of it. The S cnd^ies in lat. 16 SS S,and
long. 151 ao W.
Ulloa, or 5/. yobn it UlUa^ near the W
fhore of the Gulf of Mexico.
Uljter, a mountainous and hilly county
of N. York, bounded £ by Hudfon Riv-
er, S by the county of Orange, and N by
the CO. of Green. Chief town, Kingfton.
Ifl^es, one of the military townfliips in
Cayuga co. N. York, fitiiatcd at the S
end of Cayuga Lake, having He«Slor W,
and Dryden £, which laft townfliip is in-
cluded within the jurifdi<5lton of UlyfTcs,
which was incorporated in 1794< It has
937 inhabitants.
' Umbagtg, the general name of a chain
or colledion of Lakes in the northerly
part of York co. Maine, which all fall
into the Great Ani.irifkoggin River.
Their feveral names arc Aquefook, Mo-
felmagunteag, Molaclninkamaug, Keiie-
lukook, and Welokcnebikook. Two
Hreams, the Kupfuktook and the M^ga-
Iowa, fall in on the N fide. The furvcys
of this northern part of the country are
too defe«Slivc to give a more particular
1 and precife dcfcriptioh. IVuhutt.
Vol. I. H H h U
U 1^ i
Vmiaitg, a large lake of N. HampOiire,
next in fize to Lake Winipifeogee. It
lies in Grafton co. and a fmall part of it
in Maine.
UnadiUa, a river of the State of New-
York, called alfo Tianaderim, runs fouth-
ward, and joining the main branch,
forms Chenango River.
UnaJilla, a poft town of N. York, Otfe*
go CO. on the northern fide of the main
branch of Chenango River. It is about
1 10 miles S W of Albany, and 438 from
Wafhington, and has 828 inhabitants.
Unaka Mounlmn. See Tinntffee.
Unami, a tribe of the Delaware Indians,
confidered as the head of that nation.
UndcrhillyA townfliip of Vermont, Chit*
tenden co. 11 miles £ of Colchefter, and
contains %i% inhabitants.
UHtcorn, a pofl town in Lancafter ca
Pennfylvania, 124 miles from Wafhing*
ton.
Unian^ I difbidt of S. Carolina, contain-
ing 10,235 inhabitants, of whom 1,697
arc flaves. It fends two reprefentatives
and one fenator to the State Legiflature.
Chief town, Pinckneyville. At the court
houfe there is a pofl ofHce.
Union, a rocky townfhip in Tolland co.
Conncdlicut, Wof Woodflbck, and about
12 miles N £ of Tolland. It has 767 in-
habitants.
Union, a townfhip of Maine, Lincoln
CO. at the head of Mufkongus River, con-
taining 573 inhabitants. It was incorpo-
rated in 1786, and is 290 milea from
Boflon.
Union, a pofl town of N. York, Tiogn
Co. on the N fide of Sufquehannah River,
and W of the mouth of Chenango, i%%
miles S E by £ of Williamfburg, un Gen-
efTee River, 34 £ N E of Athens, or Tio-
ga Point, 9» S W of Cooperflown, 340 N
by W of Philadelphia, and 390 from
Waflnngton. It has 927 inhabitants.
Union River, in the county of Hancock;
Maine, empties into Blue, Hill Bay, on
the E fide of Peuobfcot Bay. Long-Ifl-
and, in this bay, is in lat. 44 25, and
long. 67 45-
Union Toi¥n, in the MifUfippi Territo-
ry, Pickering co. containing 41 inhabit-
ants.
Uition Town, a pofl town of Pennfylva-
nia, Fayette co. on Redflonc Creek. It
contains a church, a flone gaol, and a
brick court houfe, about 80 dwelling-
houfes, and 1,719 people. Niwr it are
two valuable merchant mills. It is the
feat of the county ccuru, and is 14 miles
»bf
:*iAi
U N I
U N t
3 Hy E of Brovnrville. where Redilone ;
Creek enters the Munongahela, 58 milei
S of Pittiburg, 14 N E of Morgantown,
In Virginia, 317 W of Philadelphia, and
aja from Wafl)inj;ton. \
Unitnt, a village of N. Carolina, lituat- |
ed at the head of OargHlV Creelc. {
Unitku States. The United States of :
America, exclufive of Louifuna, occupv, :
perhaps, the 39ch part of the habitable
];lobe, and the njgth part of the whole. !
I'hty are clallcd in 3 grand divifious. 1
1. 77j* New-England, or Eastern, ;
or Northern States. 1
X*^etv Humftjoirf,
mjlria of Miiine,
Rbodflfltiiid, and
Connc&icul,
, II. The Middle States.
fJfwVutiy OLw,
Neiv-Jttfty, Indiana Ttrritory,
J'l nifylvaniaf and
Dtlatuare, Waynr,
III. the Southern States,
MarylanJt Tmnejfee^
Virginia, Soutb Caroliuj,
Xeiiludy, Georgia, and
Narib'CuroIiiia, M>£iftj<pi Tet,:,<,ry
To thefe may no^r be a«Ulcd, the vaft
country of Louifiana. The whole terri-
tory now under the government of rhe
United States, is generally defcribtd in
the Appendix, under the head of FreJ»-
nia ; which fee.
The ahuve grand divi(ions, as alfo the
different StatC8,have already been dcfcrib-
ed ; to which we refer the reader. The tti-
ritory of the United States, before Loui-
fiana was annexed, was in length 1,159
miles, and in breadth 1,040, lying between
3 1 and 46 N l>t. and between 64 and 96
\V long, from London ; bounded N and
£ by Brilifli America, or the provinces
of Upper and Lower Canada, and New-
Brunfwiclc ; S E by the Atlantic Ocean ;
S by Eaft and Weft Florida, and W by
the river Miilillppi. According to Mr.
Ilutchinst, it contained, by computation,
a million of fquare miles, in which arc
640,000,000 acres
Dedu<!t foi' water 51,000,000
Acres of land in the '
United States ' j^^9»'
,000,000
The largcft rivers that border upon, or
pafs throGgh the United States, are Mif-
fcfippi, Ohio, and TonnefTce, on the W
ITde of the Alleghany Mountains ; an4
the Alatamaha,Savani)i<h, Santce, Cape
Fear, Roanoke, Jame;, Patowmac, Suf* ^
quchannah, Delaware, Hudfoii, Connedl-T
icut, Merrimack, Pifcataqua, Andrufcog-
gin, Kenncbeck, and Pe'nobfcot, whofc
gcnetal courfes are from N W and N t»
S £ and S, and which empty into the At-
lantic Ocean. The United States embo>
Tom Tome of the largcft lakes in the
world. The moft rcinaikable lie in a
chiiin along their nortlirrn boundary
upon the Canada line, and are Lakes Su>
pcrior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, Ontario,
Champlainc, George, Memphrcmagog,
Umbagog, Chcraunkrok, r.nd Moofehead
Lake. Ihe nioft rcm;«tkal)le fwamps
are Ekarfunoki, nearly jco miles in cir-
cuniicrtnce in the State of Georgia ; the
two Difiiia's in North-Carolina, of im-
menle cxttAr, each containing a large
lake in its centre ; and BufTaloc Swamp,
in tlie north-wcftern pwrts of Pennfylva-
nia. I'he principal mountains in the
United States ^re Ag^menticus, in Maine;
the White Mountairs and Monaduock,
in New-Hamp(hire ; Wachul'ett, in Maf-
fachufetti ; the Green Mountains, in
Vcrn.cnt ; .ind the Alleghany Mountainn,
about 900 miles in length, and from 15*
to 250 in l)rei)dth. The face of the coun-
try, generally )pcak!ng, is agreeably va-
riegHttd with plains and mountains, valci
and bills. New-England is an uneven,
hilly and rocky country. A broad fpnee,
including ail the bfimches of the Alleg-
hany Mountains, commencing at Hud-
fun's River in New- York, and extending
circuitoufly fimth-weOerly through all the
States wed ward and routhward,Deiaw3ie
excepted, is mountainou!>. Eaftward of
thefc mountains, quite to the fea-cnafV, a
border of from 60 to ico miles, and
fometimes more, in breadth, is a remark-
ably level country, and in the fouthcrn
States free of ftone. Weft of this range
of mountains, is a fine and charmingly
diverfified country, well watered, fertile,
temperate in climate, and incrcafing io
population with unexampled rapidity,
tvcry fpecies of foil that the earth af-
fords may be found in the United States;
and all the various kinds of fruits, graiv,
pulfe and garden plants and toots whicl^
are found in Europe ; befidcs a great va-
riety of native vegetable produifliorfc
Tobacco, rice, indigo, wheat, corn, cot-
ton, tyc, oats, barley, buck-wheat, fl«x,
and hemp, are among the principal pro-
dudUuoa of the United States. The
United
United
fifling c
(belidcs
Diving
of their
eral con
tcred b)
purtinna
the peo
merchan
extenfivc
■^en, Den
eriands, i
lands anc
(ugal, an
rocco, ani
with Chit
Hnd the
Vcft-Indi
America.
ed are fi/h
flour, whe
indigo, f];
iron, &c.
in the Uni
of Philade
holders in
in 1803, cs
who draw j
ofPJiiladcI;
340435. '
ingSept. 30
dollars. S
exports wai
Jars. TJie
in 1801, \vi
55,800,033
cd into tike
redlly froiT
The export
1791, was I
trade of the
culiarly imf
or of anuo)
nations. T
muted by w
of priv<iteci
private vcflc
a month, on
employed, h
form a' fund
ahled fearae
from the coi
•nent, to th
544,079 doll
<lolls. 8i cen
fhe pay of 1
fcrvice, and
that of fcam(
h' * third
U N I
U N I
United Statncnnftitute aREFUBLiccnn-
ftding of 17 fcpar4te, independent States,
^helidet fcver^l territorial g !Vtriiintnt»)
hiving governnrt, ciinnituti>inK und laws
cf their own, united under a ',itntT*\, fed
cral cuiiAitiitiun of j(ovcrnn\cnt, adminif'
tcred by iin eletflive head, and by a pro-
portionate number of reprcfeiitutives of
the people from all the States. The
mercnunts of thi» countiy carry on an
extenfivc foreign trade with Rufli.i, Swe-
den, Denmark, Hamburgh, United Neth-
erlands, Great-Dritain, Auftrian Nether-
laad« and Germany, Fnnce, Spain, Por-
tugal, and Italy, in Europe—with Mc-
Tocco, and fcveral other part* of Africa—
with China, and various Afiatic countries,
iind the FaQ-India Iflandi— with the
Veft-Indics, and the N W coaft of N.
America. The principal articles cxport-
td are fifh, lumber, live flock, beef, pork,
flour, wheat, Indian corn, tobacco, rice,
indigo, flax-feed, pot and pearl aflies,
iron, &c. There were, in 1803, 54 banks
in the United States ; of thefe 34 were E
of Philadelphia. The number of ftock-
holders in the funds of the United States,
in 1803, eaft of Philadelphia, was 7,971, ] Jews ; and many who rejefk fcv
whodrawannually i,785,443dolIs.;fouth iigion as unneccfTary, inconveri
of Philadelphia, 1 37 1, who draw annually
340435- The exports of the year cnd-
ingSept. 30, i796,amounted to 67,064,095
dollars. Six years before, the value of
exports was but about 18 million* of dol-
lars. The aggregate amount of exports
in 1801, was 7 1,957,144 tiol'S'; •" 1803,
55,800,033 do'.lars. The tea import-
ed into tl«e United States, in 1791, di-
redtly from Chinsi, was 2,601,85a lbs.
The export of falted beef and pork, in
I79i,was 66,000 barrels. The fifliing
trade of the United States is tendered pe-
culiarly important as a means of defence
or of anuoying the commerce of hoftile
nations. The fifliernicn may be tranf-
muted by war immediately -into a corps
of priv.itecrfmcn, and their' fhips into
private veflcls of war. A tax of ao cents
a month, on each feaman, while a«5tually
employed, has been laid by Congrefs, to
form a fund for the relief cf Tick and dif-
abled fearaen. The whole fum colle«5led,
from the commencement of the cftablifli-
ment, to the 30th of June, 1803, was
544,079 dolls. S5 cents. Of this 22,067
dolls. 81 cents, have been dcdudled from
the pay of fcamen employed in public
fcrvicc, and 222,011 dolls, 74 ients from
that of feamen in private fervice. Near-
ly a third part cf tliia fum has been col- ,
IcAed in thefingic Stare of MafTitliufctti.
From this fund marine hofpitaN lu"c \trcn
trciktti at Norf:ilk, iii Virginia, and at
Charlcflown, in Maflarhufetts ; the latter
cofl 14,000 dollars. The capital ports
for large fliips, in the United States fbnd
thus ranked : Newport, in Rhnde-llland ;
Portland, in Maine ; and N. York. Sev-
eral important branches of tnanufaiflnrei
have grown up and flouriflied with a ra-
pidity which furprifes ; aflbrding an en-
couraging aflurancc of fuccefs in future
attempts. Religion here is placed on it*
proper bafis, without the feeble and un-
warranted aid of civil power, and it left
to be fupported by its own evidence, by
the lives of its profcfTors, and by the al-
mighty care of its Divine Author. The
following denominations of ChriHIans are
more or Itfs numerous, viz, Congrega-
tionalids, Prelbyterians, rpifcopatiaus,
Dutch Reformed Church, Baptidi, Qua-
kers, Methodifts, Roman Catholics, Ocr-
man Lutherans, German Catvinini, Mo-
ravians or United Brethren of the Epif-
copal church, Tunkers, Mennonift,^, Uni-
vcrfalifts, and Shakers. There are a few
ealed re-
lent, and
fabulous, and plead the fufhcicncy of
natural religion. In 1800, there were
J 1305666 inhabitants in the United
States ; 893,605 of whom were flavct.
The prefent number is proba'^ly nearly
(ix millions, made up of almolt all the
dilFerent nations of Europe, but princi-
pally of the dcfcendants of the EngliOi
nation. The military (Irength of this
country lies in a well-difciplined militia
of about 900,000 brave and independent
freemen, and an army of about 3 or 4,000
men to defend the fiontiers of the Union,
and to man the feveral fortrelTes in the
different parts of the United States. The
tftiraatcs of the .Secretary of the Trcaf-
ury for the fervice of the year 1804,
were—
■}
Dolli.
564.308
183,496
For the civil lift,
Mifcellancous expenfes.
For iiitcrcourfe with for
eigni nations.
For the military depart-") oz
mcnt, j 863,35-
For the naval eftablifliment, 650,000
Cts.
68
5»
159,900
Total, 2,421,056 ay
See America, N. America, and FreJonia^
in the Appendix.
Unity, a fetticmcnt in Kcnncbeck co.
,. Maine,
i'.' H'JI
;'i|*! mA
,'1-
fiSl
., M
M
.4;:
,i '1!
iii't;
U R A
U T t
Maine, 8 milet W of Sidney, oppofite
Vaflalborough, and ij miles N w of
Hallowell. It lica on Sandy River, about
i6 mile* from itt mouth.
UitUy, a townfliip of N. llampniire,
Cheftiire co. a few roilei N E of Charlef-
town. It wai incorporated in 1764, and
contains 901 inhabitants.
Umiiy TVivff, in Montgomery co. Ma-
2 land, lies » or 3 miles front Patuxent
irer, it from Montgomery court houfe,
and 14 northerly of the city of Walhing-
tou.
UpoUbaviaHan, or Yimlfcamain, a Cana-
dian rettlemcnt in N. America, in lat. 47
17 30 N.
Vpptr AUewayi Cttti, In Salem co. N.
Jerfey.
Uffitr Said Eaglct a townfhip of Penn«
fylvania, Mifflin co.
Upptr Frubald, a townOiip of N. Jcrfev,
Monmouth co. has Freehold on the £. It
contained, in 1790, 344* inhabitants.
Ufptr Grtmt MoHodHtei, in the town-
fiiip'of Lemington, in the N £ corner of
Vermont, on Coiinetfticut River.
Upfer Hanover, a townfliip of Pennfyl*
vania, Montgomery co.
Uppir Matlbotcugb, a pod town of Ma-
ryland, 16 milcji S E of BUdcniburg, 15
M £ of Pifcataway, and 18 front Wafli-
ington.
Upper Milfotd, a townfliip of Pennfyl-
'Vania, Northampton county.
Upper Penni Ntck, a townfliip of N.
Jerfey, Salem county.
Upper Saurot a place in N. Ciirnliiia, on
Dan River, about 300 miles from Halifax.
Upper Savage I/laiiJs, in Hudlon'it Bay.
N lat. 6a 3.* 30, W long. 70 48.
Uptight Bay, near the W tiid of the
(Straits of Magellan. S lat. Si 8, W
long. 75 ZS' ^ . ,
Upton, a townfliip of MafTacIiuretts,
Worceirter co. containing 854 inhabit-
ants, difpcrfcd on 13,000 acres of land,
favourable for orcharding, pafluragc and
grafs. It i» W of Sherburne, 15 miles S
E of Worceftcr.and 38 8 W of Bofton.
Upton, a village in the townfliip of Still-
water, in N. York.
Uracie, a river on the E coaft of S.
America, is 18 leagues W N W of Cau-
rbra River.
Uragua, a province in the H divifton of
Paraguay, in S. America, whofe chief
town is Los Royes.
Urano, a river on the N coaQ of S.
America, which enters the ocean alireaft
of the wcflcromoft of the Pcritas liiands,
about 3 leagues wcdward of Comana
Bay. It only admits fmall boats and ca-
noes. Otchier Bay is W of it.
Urbaima, a fmall poll to#n of Virginia,
Middlefcz co. H W fide of Rappahan-
nock River, %% miles from Stingray Point,
at the mouth of the river, 7 3 S £ ol Fred-
erickfburgh,73 E by S of Richmond, and
145 from Wafliington. Wheat is fliip-
ped from this to Europe, and Indian
corn, &c. to N. England, Nova-Scotia,
and the W. Indies.
Urvaig, or Urvaiga, a province of 8.
America; bounded ov Ouayra on the N,
the mouth oi Ric de fa Plata S, the cap-
tainry of del Rey £, and Parana W,
from which it is divided by the river of
that name. Its extent is from lat. aj
to 33 ao S ; the length from N £ to 8 H
being fomewhat above lio leagues, and
the breadth from E to W, - vhcre broad-
efl, X30, but much narrower in other
parts. It is divided by the river Urvaiga,
or Uruguay, into the E and W parts.
This river runs above 400 leagues, the
upper part with 3 prodigious noifc among
rocks and ftoncs, and falls into the La
Plata nearly oppofite Buenos Ayres.
Utatvat, a river which divides Upper
and L. Canada, and falls into Jcfus Lake,
1x8 miles S W of Quebec. It receives
the waters of Timmmcamain 360 miles
from its mouth ; 85 miles above it is call-
ed Montreal River.
Utica, a town of Oneida co. N. York,
on the S bank of the Mohawk River, 3
miles from Wbitefborough. This place,
with Whitelborough and New-Hartford,
form the townfliip of Whitcflown. Uti-
ca flands on the fcite of Old Fort Schuy-
ler, and is well fituatcd for trade, as the
articles of commerce which pafs up and
down the Mohawk, are landed here. It
bids fair to be a place of great import-
ance. Its increaiie has been remarka-
ble. In the year 1794, there were only
two houfes la this fpot. Now, (in 1804)
it has feveral handfome flreets laid out
and built with gt^nteel houfes, and large
florcs, and contains about a,ooo inhabit-
ants. Here is a large commodious hotel,
of brick, two printing-offices, where
newfpapers are printed that have an ex-
cenfive circulation; alfo two bookflores.
There is a bridge acrofs the Mohawk
oppoGtc this town.
Utrecht, New, a townfliip of N. York,
King's cu. Long-Idand. It has a Dutch
church, and contains 778 inhabitants. It
is 7 or 8 miles fouthward of N. York city.
•1, UxiriJ^f,
V A L
V A U
CdmaxA
and ca«
(Tirginia,
ipp^haa-
ty i*oint,
oi Fred-
lond.and
it (hip-
d Indian
tra-Scotia,
nee of 8.
on the N,
, the cap-
irana W,
B river of
m lat. %S
I E to 8 E
iguet, and
:re broad-
' in other
;r Urvaiga,
W parts.
;Bgucs, the
oifc among
ito the La
iVyrcs.
idc> Upper
fcfus Lake,
It receive*
t 360 miles
tc it ij call-
, N. York.
River, 3
Thi« place,
Hartford,
own. Uti-
:on Schiiy-
ade, at the
U up and
here. It
eat import-
remarka-
werc only
, (in 1804)
ta laid out
and large
500 inhabit-
dious hotel,
ces, where
have an ex-
bookftores.
e Mohawk
of N. York,
has a Dutch
abitant*. It
I York city.
Uxlridgii
'A
t/tciiUgt, a towndiip of Maflachufelti,
Worcefter co. 4 1 milet S W of Bofton. It
wan taken from Mendon, and incorpo-
rated in 1717, and Northbridge wa« af-
tcrw^tdt taken from it. It contains 180
dwcl' .ng-houfet, and 1,404 inhabitants. It
it buunded S by Rhode-lfland. Not far
from ShoC'log Pond, in the S W part of
the town, there is an iron mine which is
improved to coofidcrahle advantage.
V.
r ACCAS, Caye, one of the Tortugat,or
Florida Keyi, eallward of Bahia Honda ;
the diftancc between them it 4 leagnes,
and the coafl in its direction turnt to the
northward. On the S fide of Cayo Vae-
cat, about 8 miles from the W end, there
are wellt of frefli water. A thick range
of iflet go by thit name* Bahia Honda
it in lat. n 35 N.
yaecat called alfo the Cow*/, or Ifeat's
Tongue, a low point on the W coaft of
Chili, in S. America, which bounds the
bay of Tonguey W.
Fact*, or Cowt TJIand, lies on the S t-oaft
of the fouthern peninfula of St. Domingo,
and it about 4^ leagues long, and in the
broadell part a leaeue and a half from
N to S. The S point it 3 leaguet.E of
Point Abacou ; and in lat. 18 4 N, and
k>ng. from Parii 76 a W. It hat a very
good foil, with a or 3 tolerable ports, and
liet very conveniently for trade with the
Spanifli colonies on the continent, and
with Cayeane. The feamen call thit
Afli Ifland, a corruption from Vafli, at it
is pronounced.
Vaeby it U Torrtau, or Cotv and Bull
Rocks, on the S coaft of Newfoundland Ifl-
and, are about a mile S E of Cape St. Ma-
ry, which it the point between the deep
hay of Placentia W, and St. Mary't Bay
£. They are fair above wlter, but there
are othert near them which lurk under
water.
Vae'i Ifland, Anthony, a fmall ifland on
the £ coafl of Brazil, in S. America. It
lies S of the fandy Rcceif, and nppofite, it
it joined to the continent by ?. bridge.
Va'ifeaux IJIanJ, on the'N j»or; of the
Gulf of Mexico.
ralaJoiid, or FdllaJolid, called i>y rhe
Indians Comayagua, is the chief city of
the province of Honduras, in New Spain.
It is the feat of the Governor, and is a
liifliop's fee fufTragan of Mexico, flncc
the year 1558. It is on a plain, 30 miles
W of the Gulf of Honduras, 170 S W of
Truxillo, and 65 8 E of Merid.i. N Ut.
14 10, W long. J I »i.
FiiUivh, Sec Baljlvia.
Faltntin, a town in the province of Ca-
racas, on Terra Firma, about 80 mile* N
of Baraquicimeto, and 450 W of Cuma*
UA, N lat. 10, W long. 67.
Fiillty Fafgt, a place on Schuylkill Rivw
er, tj miles from Philadelphia. Here
Gen. Wafliington remained with his ar-
my, in huts, during the winter of 1777,
after the Britifh had taken poflcfTion of
that city.
Valtarttifo, a large and populous towa
of Chili, in S. America, having a harbour
forming the port of St. Jago, in lat. 33 z
36 S, and long 77 39 W. It is 390milci
£ of the ifland of Juan Fernandei. From
this port the principal part of the com-
merce of the kingdom is carried on, on
account of its central iituatinn. The dif-
tance of this port from St. Jago was for-
merly 30 leagues, but bv a new and ex-
Kenfive road through (wamps and over
ills, it is reduced to aa leagues. The
diflance from St. Jago to Buenos Ayres it
30 dayt journey for the pofl ; after you
paft tne Andet eaflward, the roid it
through an entire defert, without l \f
furt of vegetation, perfe«£Vly level, without
even a hillock. Vancouver,
Fancouvir's Fort, in Kentucky, flandt
at the jundtion of the two branches of
Big Sandy River, 20 mile* N of HArntar't
Station,
Fan Dyitt, Joff and lAltle, two of the
fmalicr Virgin Iflands, N W of Tortola,
N lat. 18 a.s, W long. 63 t$.
Fmifiown, in the counrry of the Cher-
okeet, on a branch of Alabama Rivrr.
Fiife River, an, empties into the Mifli-
fippi from the N E, _% mile* below the
Great Rock, about 55 11 W by N of the
mouth of the Ohio, and about the fame
diflance N W of Fort Maflac. It is nav-
igable into the Indiana Territory, ahout
60 miles, through a rich country, abound-
ing in extenfive natural mcaciows, and
numbcrlcfs herds of buflfaloe, deer, &c.
It is about 8 miles above Cape St. Anto-
nio.
Vaffiilborough, a port town of Kennebcck
CO. Maine, on the E lide of Kcnnclnclc
River, about half way between Hallo-
well and Winflow, 10 miles from Augul-
ta, and 204 miles li by E of Eofton. It
was incorporated in 1771, and contains
1,188 inhabitants.
Vauclin Bay, on the E coaft of the ifland
of Martinico. Vaudia Point forms the
.<; fide
\4
1" ■ * ii'
■V 'I
ifi
ts'i
l.V)
Ii
V E N
V E It
J fide of Louis Bay, on the E coall of the
fame ifland,
Vavaoe, nite of the Friendly iHands in
<he S. Pacific Ocean. It is about 2 days
fail from Hapaee, lat. 1 8 34 S. It it near-
ly as large as Tongataboo, more lofty, and
better fupplied with water.
Fealtnvii,a. village of New Jcrfey, near
fia(kenridge, about 7 miles S W of Mor-
rilFown,
f^eau, Anfe «, a village on the N Tide of
rhe S peninfula of St. Domingo, 5 leagues
W by N of Miragoane, 4^ caftward of
Petit' Trou, and 1 9 N E of Les Caycs.
Vtga, or CanttptioH of la Vega Real, a
town in the N £ part of the ifland of St,
Domingo, on the road from St. Domingo
city to Daxabon. It it fituated near the
head of Yuna River, which empties into
the bay of Samana ; la leagues N W by W
of Cotuy, and about 38 eagerly of Daxa-
bon. It Hands on a beautiful plain among
the mountains.on the very fpot where (7i«i-
rhiiex, cacique of the kingdom of Magna,
had refided. In 1494, or 149J, the fettlc-
ment of this to\vn was begun by Colum-
bus. Eight years after, it had become a
city of importance, and fomctimes during
the year, there were '.440,000 crowns in
gold, minted at this place. It was almoA
deflroyed by an earthquajcc in 1564.
fega, St. yago dc la. Sec Spamjh Torun,
Vcjoi, or Morro dt Vejai, on the coaft
of Pci II, is about half a league from the
ifland of I.obos.
F<la, a cape on the coaft of Terra Fir-
ma, S. America, in about lat. li N, and
Jong. 7 a W, and about 18 leagues N by £
of the town of La Hacha.
Ftlaty or Ftlafco, a port on the W coaft
of New Mexico, is 7 leagues N \V by N
of the Morro Hcrmofa.
Felicala, a town on and near the head
of the peninfula of California, near the
coaft of the North Pacific Ocean, and
northerly from Anclotc Point. N lat.
about ao 35, W long. 1 15 JO-
Venango Fnt. See Tort FrarV'tn.
Venango, a county of Pcnnfylvania,
bounded N by Warrt", F. by Lycoming,
S by Arniftrong and Butler, W by Mtr-
ccr, and N W by Crawford. It contains
889,620 acres, two townfliips, and 1,130
inhabitants. Chief town, Franklin.
Venezuelo, a province of Terra f irma,
bounded E by Caracas, S by New Hra-
r.id.t, W by Rio de la Hacha, and N by
iIjc North Sea. It abounds with game
and wild beafts, producing plenty of com
twice a year, with fruits, fi'gar, aad to-
bacco, and the beft cocoa plantations ii
America. It fpreads round a gulf of the
fame name that reaches near 30 leagues
within land ; and the middle of this
country is occupied by a lake ao leagues
long, and 30 broad, with a circumference
of 80, and navigable for velTels of 30 tons.
It communicates with the gulf by a ftrait,'
on which it built the city of Maracaibu,
which gives name to l>oth lake and ftrait.
This city is defended by fcvcral forts,
which were attacked in the laft century
by Sir Henry Morgan, and the whole
coaft laid under contribution, and Mara-
caibo ranfomed. The province is about
100 leagues in length, and as much in
breadth. It had its name from its fmail
lagoons, %vhich make it appear like Ve-
nice at the entrance of the lake. The
Spaniards mafiacred above a million of
the natives in 1528. In ijjo.the country
was again depopulated ; when a great
number of black flaves were brought
from Africa, and was one of the princi-
pal epochs of the introdu<!lion of negroes
into the W. Indies. Soon after, a revolt
of the negroes was the caufe of another
maffacre, and Venezuela became again a
dcfert. At prcfent it is faid to contain
about 100,000 inhabitants, who live tol-
erabty happy, and raife great numbers of
European fhecp. They cultivate tobac-
co and fugar, which are famous over all
America. They manufa<5lurc alfo fome
cotton ftufl^s. It has many populous
towns, and its waters have gold fands.
Its capital, of the fame name, or Cora,
ftands near the fea-coaft, about 50 miles
S £ of Cape St. Roman. N lat. lo jo,
W long. 70 15.
Venemuelt, a fpacious gulf of the fame
province, communicating by a narrow
ftrait with Maracaibo Lake.
Vent a de Cruz, a town on the ifthmus
of Darien, and Terra Firma. Here the
Spanifti merchandife from Panama to
Porto Bello is embarked on the river
Chagre, 40 miles S of the iatter, and ao
N of the former. N lat. 9 a6, W long.
8136.
Vento Sierra, on the N coaft of South
America, are mountains fo named, behind
the land called Punta de Dtlrio, oppofite
Tortugas ifland.
Vila Cruz, Lo, the grand port of Mex-
ico, or New Spain, having a fafe harbour
protciSted by a fort, fituated on a rock of
an ifland nearly adjoining, called St. Jolin
de Ulloa, in the Gulf of Mexico. It is,
pethaps, one of the mcft confiderable nla-
•es for t
vral cer
and the 1
fent froir
cd thithi
prodigioi
by way o
lilands.
wood, an
itants is
mongrels,
is rather
around ir
It is in tl
cfTlafcal
Town, 15
landed on
ing detern
the fliips t
men hithe
« £ of the
Vera Cr
in the Ba
the N fid
See TUrra
Veragua,
joining W
with the ^
South Sea
difcovered
»J03, to \
title of Dul
•t. The F
woody, an
ble mmes r
duft of the
fands of tli
|ua», or Sa;
poor place
river Vcra^
Veragua,
empties int
river or lai
N. Here
ifland at its
chorage is
main, wher
in from 8 ti
N and E w
this coaft.
both fmgly
Cape Grac
Chjgre Riv
Vera Pa-r.
ftf CiMtima
America,
and Chiapa
P-, and Soco
't is 48 !tac
1»iid« arc mc
V E R
V E R
flU for trade in the world, being the nat-
ural centre of the American treafure,
and the magazine for ail the merchandize
fent from New Spain, or that is tranfport-
ed thither from Europe. It receives a
prodigious quantity of £a(l India produce
by way of Acapulco, from the Philippine
Illands. Mod of its houfes are built of
wood, and the numlier of Spanifli inhab-
itants it about 3,000, mulattoes and
mongrels, who call thcmfclves white. It
ii rather unhealthy, from the rank bogs
around it. N lat. 19 1 2, W long. 97 30.
It is in the E extremity of the province
of TIafcala, or Los Angelos. At the Old
Town, 15 or 16 miles further W, Cortez
landed on Good Friday, iji8, when, be-
ing determined to conquer or die, he funk
the fliips that tranfport ed his handful of
men hither. La Vera Cruz is axj miles
S £ of the city of Mexico.
Fera Cruz, La, an excellent harbour
in the Bay of San-Felife SanhTag; on
the N fide of the ifland E/firilu Samto.
See Tinra Ayftral M Efpiritu Santo.
Viragua, a province of Terra Firma
joining W to Coda Rica; £ to Panama;
with the North Sea en the N; and the
South Sea on the S. The coafl was fird
difcovered by Chriflopher Columbus in
'503, to whom it was granted with the
title of Duke, and his poUerity fUll enjoy
it. The province is very mountainous
wocdy, and barren; but has inexbaufti-
ble mines of filTcr, and Tome gold, the
duft of the latter be:ng found among the
fands of the rivers. Santiago de Vera-
|ua«, or Santa Fe, the capital, is but a
poor place ; and in this province is the
river Vcragua, on which that town (lands.
Veragua, the river above mentioned,
empties into the Tea 18 leagues S £ of the
river or lake of Nicaragua, in lat. xo 5
N. Here it a very good port ; but the
ifland at its mouth is foul. The bed an-
chorage is on the W and S fides next the
main, where Oiips may rid« under fliore
in from 8 to 9 fathoms, and fitt'e from the
N and E winds, that arc molt violent on
this coall. Several iflands lie ntTthe cohII,
both fingly and in cluders, liom this to
Cnpe Gracias a Dtos ; to the t^adwaid is
Chjgre River.
r>ra Par., a province pf the andieticf
of Guatimain, and New Spain, in North
America. It has th,* bay of Honduras
and Chiapa N, Guatimal.i S, Honduras
r, and Sociinulca, with pjit ot Chiapa W.
It is 48 Itagues long, an<l z8 br<iaj. The
lands arc niiountaiaou9,yi?'!cii;>2 littlf corti,.
but abounding in cedar, &c. The prrof*
cipal commodities aredrugs,cocoa,cottoo-
wool, honey, &c. It* capital of the fame
name, or Cohan, (lands on the W fide of a
river which runs into Golfo Duke, 184
miles E of Guatiraala. N lat. 15 10, W
long. 93 15.
FtrJe, or Crein IJJand, on the N coaft
of S. America, is at the mouth of the t'vt-
er St. Martha.
Verde Key, one of the Bahama Iflandiw
N lat. aa ia,W long. 75 ij.'
Firde, Porto, or Fedra, is on the N. At-
lantic Ocean, about 4^ leagues S E by E
of Rio Roxo. The illand of BIydones is
at the entrance of this port, round whicU
(liips may fail on any lide, there being 7
fathoms on the N, where it is llioalelt,
and 20 fathoms on the S (ide, where i«
the beft entrance into the river. This it
a port of good trade, and fcmetimes large
(hips put in here. The illands of Bayonne
are 5 leagues Sof the ifland in the mouth
of the^port.
Vttderonne, OF La BourlarJerie, an ifland
on the E cnafl of Cape Breton Ifland. It
is 7 or 8 leagues long ; and at each end
is a channel, through which the waters of
the Labrador Lakes, in the inner part of
Cape Breton Ifland, difcharge into the
ocean on the £.
Vere, a parifli of the ifland of Jamaica,
having Manury Bay in it ; a very fecure
road for fliipping.
Fergennts, a poll town, and one of the
mod growing and commercial towns of
Vermont, \n Addifon co. on Otter Creek,
about 6 miles from its mouth in Lake
Chanaplain. It is regularly laid out, and
contains a Congregational church, and a
gHol. In its neighbourhood are feveial
milh. It is II J miles N of Bennington,
22 S of Burlington, 407 N E by N of Phi-
ladelphia, and 519 from Wafliington. The
towndiip contains 516 inhahititnts.
Feritiit, a fmall village, and Spanifli
pl-.intation of New-AniUluiia, and Terrx
Firma, S. Amerira. Its tobacco is reput-
ed the bed in the world. It lies 60 milct
F, of Ciimana.
Fermeja^ or I'frmillion Bay, On the N
iTioic cf the Gulf of Mexico, or coaft of
L( uifiana. It is N W of Afcenlion Bay,
in about lat. ,?o N, and long. 92 W.
Ffrmejg, or B'rmtjo, an illaud and {rnti
on the coad of Peru, a dcgrtcs N, an>l :i
little W of Lima. It ij 4 leagues fr<mr
Mongon N, anil 6 ficm Guarmcy Port S.
Feivii'H'i' linrrytfns, on iiic toad of
Br*.r)l, bstwrrn the ifland ot St. John's
tinl
ii id
I
V E K
V ft R
and Sypomba Tfland, which are 7 leagues
afunder. Here it a large bay with £oud
anchorage.
Vomlliottt Purple^ Or Xed Sea, a name
given by feme to the Gulf of California.
Vermi{liBn Point, called alfo Long Point,
is the peninfula between Bay Puan and
Lake Mic' igan,
Vermillion River, iti the Indiana Terri-
tory, runs N W into Illinois River, near-
ly oppoGte tlie S W end of Little Rocks,
and 167 miles from the Miffifippi. It is
30 yards wide, but fo rocky as not to be
navigable.
Vermillion Indians rcfide 320 miles up
the Miami of the Lake.
Vermont, one of the United States of
Anurica, lies between lat. 4a 44 and 45
>f, and between long. 71 3a and 73 aj
W. It is bounded N by 1,. Canada ; E
by N. Hampfliirc, from which it is fcpa-
rated by ConnetSlicut River ; S by Maf-
fachnfetts ; and W by the State of N.
York. No part of the State is nearer
than 70 or 80 miles of any part of the
ocean. Computing by the latitudes, the
length of the State from the fouthern to
the northern boundary is 157^ miles :
the mean width from E to W is about 65
miles : this will give 10,337 J fquarc miles
of land and water. It is divided into 1 1
counties, viz. thufe on Connecticut Kiv
er from S to N arc Windham, Windfor,
tlrange, Caledonia, and Eflex ; in a fimi-
lar diredlion, along the N. York line, are
the counties of Bennington, Rutland, Ad-
(iil'on, Chittenden, and Franklin, between
r.hich laft and Effex lies the county of
Orleans, on the N hnt of the State. Thefe
are fuhdivided into upwards of ajo town-
fliips, which are generally ft miles fquare,
a part of which w • granted by the
governor of N. Hampiliire, and the oth-
er part by Vermont. lu thofc townfliips
granted by the former, a ri^jhr of land is
t.efetvcd lor the firft fettled minifter, one
as a glebe for the the Eptlcopal church,
one for the fociety for propagating the
g(ifpcl, and one for lutiport''>g » '<>""
kliool. In thole granttd by the latter,
arc rciirvtd a college rij;ht, a right for
the Aipport of county gi ammar-lchools,
B right for the K.pporl of town fthools,
and a right for tlie fnpport of the gofpcl.
In ihtft ref(.iv.itii>iis, liUtial provilion is
mude for the fuppoit of the golpel, and
fur tl>e nromoiion oi" common and colle-
giate tiUicatiur.. \i\ 1 8co, according; to
|lu ceniii-t then takfii, the nuiiibtr cf in-
hribitfutt in :UU i;!;*!f ^^^ J54 4^,'- '^"'"■'
people are an indudrious, brare, hardy,
adU'*! frugal race. The foil is deep, and
of a dark colour, rich, moift, warm, and
loamy. It bears corn, wheat, and other
kiiids of grain, in large quantities, as foon
as it is cleared of the wood, without any
ploughing or prepariition ; and after the
nrft crops, naturally turns to rich paf-
turc or mowing. The face of the coun-
try exhibits very different profpedU.
Adjoining to the rivers, there are the
wide cxtenlive plains of a fine level coun-
try. At a fmall diflance from them, the
land rifes into a chain of high mountains,
interfe(5led with deep and longr vallics.
Defcending from the mountams, the
flreams and rivers appear in every part
of the country, and afford a plentiful fup-
ply of water. Through this State there
IS one continued range of mountains,
which are called the Gmn Mountaim,
from their perpetual verdure, and gives
name to the State. They extend from
Lower Canada S, through the States of
Vermont.Manachiifctts, and ConnedUcut,
and terminate within a few miles of the
fca-coaft. Their general diredlion is from
N N £ to S S W, and their extent is
through a tradt of country not lefs than
400 miles in length. They are generally
from 10 to I j miles In breadth, arc much
inteifedled with vallies, abound with
fprings and dreams of water, and are
covered with woods. Ktllington Feak, one
of the highed of the Green Moontains,
i» 3.454 feet above the level of the ocean.
All the dreams and riyers of Vermont
rife among the Green Mountains ; about
35 of them have an eaderly direiflion, and
fail into Connedlicut River ; about aj
run 'vederly, and pay tribute to Lake
Champlain. Two or three running In
the fame diretflion fall into HudK>n'8
River. In the north-eafterly parts of the
State, 4 or 5 flrcams have a northerly
dire«Aion, and difcharge their waters*
into Lake Mcmphreniagog ; from thence
through the river St. I<'rauc!8, they com-
municate with the river St. Lawrence.
The mod confidtriiblc on the W fide of
the Green Mountains, are Otter Creek,
Onion River, La Moille, and Michilcnui.
On the £ fide of the Green Mountains,
the rivers are not fo large as tliofe on the
W, but they are r^iorc uumeroiis. The
larged are Want.iftiqin.-k, or Weft River,
White River and Pooulbonifuck. The
earth is generally covered with fuow
from the middle ot Dtreniber to the
middle ct March, .tnu in foiuc high lands.
VIA
VIC
n, hardy,
deep, and
arm, and
and other
es,aifooQ
thout any
I after the
rich paf-
the coun-
profpcA*.
■e are the
eve\ coun-
them, the
nountains,
ng vallies.
itains, the
:vcry part
:ntiful fup-
statc there
mountains,
Mountaini,
, and gives
xtcnd from
e States of
lonnetSticut,
niles of the
tion is from
r extent is
ot lefs than
re generally
K, arc much
nund with
, and are
Mountains,
f the ocean.
»f Vermont
lins ; about
relation, and
about «5
te to Lake
running in
Hudfon's
parts of the
a northerly
itir waters
rom thence
they com-
Lawrcncc-
; W fide of
)tter Creek,
Michilcoui.
Mountains,
thofe on the
roiis. The
Weft River,
ifuck. The
with fiiow
,btT Ui the
t high lantJs,
u
ttt the depth of 4 or 5 feet. Since the
courttry has besn cleared, the winters
IiaVe proved milder. Vegetation advan-
ces in tlie fpring with great rapidity. Iron
and lead ores of feverui kinds, pipe clay,
which has been wrought into durHbkcru*
cibles, and vad quantities of white, grey,
and variegated marble, have been found in
different parts of tlus (latev The truc'cof
Vermont is principally to Bofton, Port-
land, Hartford and N. York ; to which
places the inltabitant^i export hurfesi'Beef,
pork, butter, cheefe, wheat, flour, iron,
nails, pot and pcatl aflies. Great advan-
tages tnay accrue to Vermont, from the
manufadiures nf iron. Large quantities
of iron ore are founU in feveral of the
towns on the W fide of the Green Moun-
tains. Tinmouth, Rutland, Pittsford, and
Shoreham contain great quantitie!;. '(he
ore in thefe towns is of a rc^dilli kind,
mixed with earth, tindlnred with yellow
ore. It m<s eafily, and produces from
ont fourth to one ftventh of iinn. The
iron is moIUy of a coldiliirc kiiid ; works
eaiily, and makes excelleat nails. I'he
principal part of the ore hitherto ufed,
has been brought from a mountain on
the W fide of Lake Champlain, about 4
miles N of Crown Point. Some grains of
pure iron nearly as big as a pci have
been found in this ore is fo rich, that,
when well tnanaged, it will yield four fev-
cnths of pure iron, but is vtry hr.rd to
melt. In 179a feveral forges and furna-
cci were ereded. In Bennington c<i. they
have X forge; in Rutland co, 14 ; in Atl-
difoH CO. 4 ; and in Chittenden co. 3.
In addition to which there are 3 furnacts
ia Rutland 00. From thefc, great qii.in-
titici of bar iron and nails are made. Na-
ture, indeed, feems to have deijgncd this
part of the United States to be the fc at
of flourifliing manufadlures of every thing
that can be made of iron or fleel. The
other chief manufaAures are pot and
pearl afhes, maple fugnr, and fpirits dif-
tilled from grain. Moft families itlanufac-
ture a confiderable part of their elbthing.
No country is more attentive to edu-
cation. A charter for a richly endowed
nniverfity was granted by the legiflaturc
of this ftate, in 1791, to be eftabliflted at
Burlington ; and 3,^,oco acres of land
have been referved, in the feveral grants
made by this flate, for its ufe. In iSoo
a college was incorporated in Middlcbury,
and 1^ now in a flourifliing flate. Com-
mon fchools are fupportcd in almod eve-
ry neighbourhood, a coniiiderable part of
Vot. I. liii
the year; many of the principal towns
have grammar fchools ; and thvre are
ac^idemies in Bwniii.igton, and Ptath m.
In 179I, the flat'' ot the militia u ^f, as
follows ; 20 regiments of infantry, divid-
ed into 8 biigades, and 4 divifions ; 15
companies of cavalry, and 6 con<p:iuie9
of artillery; the whole computed atiS.jOO.
Vermont ftnds four reprefeutatives to
Congrel5,and has been fettling only fmce
ahout thfr year 1764. The Inditins w«re
never numerous here ; and at prcUnl
there arc noni-. The amount of the ex-
ports from this (lite in iboi was 31,479
dollars.
Ffnion, a place in Suflex co. N. Jerfey,
£ of the lourcc of Wall Kill, and about
21 miles N 't of Newtown.
rn-Hon, Mount, the feat of Gen. Wafli-
iugton. Set Mount Vtrnon.
Fcnion, formerly HinfJule, the S cad-
ernmoft towntliip in Windham co. Ver-
mont, on the W bank of Connedlicut riv-
er. It contains 480 inhabitants.
Ferreitcs, a ftttiement in the French
part of the IHund of Sc. Domingo, on Uic
S W Ivank of Artibonitc river ; 4 miles
S by E of the fettlrmcntof F< tit Riviere.
Vcrfailcs, the chief town of WoDdford
CO. Kentucky ; fituattd on a fmall flreani
which falls into Kentucky river. It con-
tains a court houfi.', flone gaol, and nbont
30 houfcs, and i 72 inhabitants, and lies
13 miles W by S of Lexington, and j6o
from Wafliington.
Ve^fiire, a townfliip of Vermont, O-
range co. adjoining Fairlce, and containing
103 1 inhabitant*.
Fe-t Bay, Or Green Bay, in the flralts of
Northumberland, in N. America, opeug
to the N K oppulite St. John's Idand.
Tilt head t>r the bay approximates within
12 miles of the N eafti-rnmofl branch tft
the Bay of Fundy. It is about 10 leagues
N W of TataniMgauche Harbour, and
fcrvcs in part 10 ftparate the Rritini
provinces of Nova Scotia and New Bruni-
wick.
r,jp.l Bay, OD the E fliore of Lake
Charnplain, ftts up N £ in the townlliip
of Charlotte, in Vermont.
yieiofuilfas, ifles of the Bay of Honda, en
the coaft of Honduras, or tht Span idi Main.
fiffori.i, a town of New Mcx'co.
Vifioria, an ifland ou the co;;fl of Bra-
zil, £ of St. SebaRian's Ifland.
I'tiJnty, CofCs is the extreme N W point
of the flraits of Magellan, at ilie opening
to the S Pacipc Ocean. $ lat 52 ij, W
Ion. 76 40.
Viilory^
*
VIN
ITIN
ViStry, a townfliip of Vermont, Efles
CO. W of Ouildhall, on Conne<fticuc river.
Vienna, a port of entry and pod town
of the eaftern fliore of Maryland, Dor-
chcHcr CO. on the W fide of Nanticoke
river, about 15 miles from its mouth. It
contains about 30 houfes, and carries on
a briik trade with the neighbouring
fea ports, in lumber, Corn^, wheat, &c.
Its foreign exports in Z794r3mounted to
1667 dollars. It is 15 miles N W of SaU
ifbury 31 S S £ of Eaftou, and lao from
Wafliington.
Vicuna, the capital of Greene co. Ken-
tutky, on the N fide of Green rivrt",
ahout ij8 miles W S W of Lexington.
Vienna, a town in Kenncbeck co. Maine,
N of Fayette, S of New Sharon aj milts
N W of Augufia, incorporated iSoz. It
»iic1udes the late plantations of Golhen
and Wyman.
Vienna, n poft lown in Abbeville co.S,
Carolina, 651 miles from Wallilngton.
Vienna, 3 town in Ohio co. Kentucky,
has 3,6 inluhitants.
Villede Mofc, a town in the province
of Tabufco, 4 leagues from the town of
Eflnpe, on Tabafco river.
Villa Htrmofo, a town of Mexico or N.
Spuin, near the mouth of a river which
fiilli into the Bay of Caiopeachy, and Gulf
of Mexico.
Vilta Naoa, in Br.iz(l, about 120 miles
W of Porto Scguro, and as far S £ by S
of Carlofa.
ViJla Rica, or Almtria, a town of Tlaf-
c.i!a or New Spain, in N. America. It
(lands on the coadon a fmall river,having
i\n iiiditferent port, but in a better air
than Vera Cruz, ao leagues N of the lat-
ter. A clandcftine trade was formerly
earrUd on here between fotne of the
Spauifli merchants on fliore,. and the
French of St. Domivgo and Martinique.
Villiu,La,Si town and river of Vcragua
and Guatimala audience, in New Spain,
it i£ about 7 leagues fram Nata bordering
on Panama. The river is very Iai>ge,and
at low water breaks at the mouth as on a
fiat Oiorc ; fo that large Ihips andior
within cannon fhot,but barks of about 40
tons may go up about a league and a half.
The liarbour is a quarter of a league
above the town. About a league to the
vindward, is a large rock, generally cov-
ered with vafi numbers of wild fowl. |
Vinalhaven, u townfliip on the coafi of'
Maine, Hancock (o containing 858 in-
Jhabitants. It is S £ of Deer lllaod, and
D^Q miles from Bofion.
Vinceuna, the capital of the IndiflJte
Territory, and the feat of government,
fiands on the bank of the Wabafli, 150
miles from its mouth, in lat. 33 N. Its
fituation is delightful, being furrounded
by a prairie of 4 miles in length and one
in breadth, mofi of which is cultivated by
the inhabitants, the remainder is a hand-
fomc meadow formed by nature, produc-
ing good grafs. The foil here is inferior
to none in the United States, yielding
eor|)« rice, wheat, tobacco, hemp, hops,,
grapes, &c. The Wabafli is navigable,
moil of the year as far as this place, and
about 20 milts below the town is a ripple,
where mills may be built, i'u that the far-
mer may have his wheat manufadtured
on his way to N.Orleans; which is a good
market fur all kinds of produce. Com-
merce centers here ; the merchants bring
their goods from Canada, down the Wa-
bafli, from Orleans up the Miffifippi, and
from the eaficrn Hates, down the Ohio
and up the Wabafli. It has 7 14 inhabit-
ants. It i» a pod town 743 miles from
Wafliiugtun. The fort fiands on the E
fide of Wabafli river. It was eredtcd in
the year 1787, in order to repel the in-
curuons of the Wabafli Indians, and to
fecure the wefiern lands from intruding
fettlers. It has 4 fmall brafs canaon, and
is garrifoned by a Major and a companies.
The town of Vincents contained, ia 1792,
about 1500 fouls, principally of French
extra<SUon. It is 300 miles S W of Fort
Recovery.
Vincent, St. onc of the 14 captainfikips
of Brazil, and the mofi foutherly one.
The capital is an inconfiderable place,
with only about 60 houfes, and the har-
bour will not receive large vefiTels. It
has 5 or 6 fugar mills, and lies 76 leagues
S W of Rio Jaueira S lat. 23 40, W
Ion. 4S 10.
Vincent, St. a town On the coaft of Bra-
zil ; fituatcd on Amiaz Ifland, in the
Bay of All Saints or SaucSlos ; in which
ifland is the city of Dos Sandkot, the I.
lying on the W fide of the entrance into
the ifland. S lat. 2415, W Ion. 4630.
Vincent; de la Faxti, St. or Onda, a town
of Fopayan and Terra Firma, in S. A-
merica ; about 25 miles eafhvard of St.
Sehafiian, with a port where canoes ftom
Carthagena and St. Martha unload their
merchandife.
Vincent, a townfliip of Pennfylvanii,
Chcficr county, has 1354 inhabitants.
Vincent, St. one of the Catibl)ee Ifland J.
It lilt between Ci 10, and 61 x8 W Ion.
and
«»d bet
about I ;
On this
which ci
iflue 22
mills ; ti
Of an eai
eztenfivf
has ren^
84,000 :
*3.6oj a
fubjedh,
pofed to
the rema
of cultivi
of the Ar
of the na
Wood) ex
the peace
fold the I
thofe of
(whom th
driven aw
moderate
moderate,
t'ngupon X
occafioncd
troops feni
and a peai
»773.and
time St. ■'
tranquillit
appears to
negroes,
pariflies,
drew, and
Kingfion,
others are
«ral bays a
dependent
nient,are
Union,
aeres ;
acre«. Of
about I40(
rjon of the
the little il
St. Vinccn
produce* a
ports in
Vincent, ao
the current
14: 8,incl.
ftates, to th
ling. The
»qr. 271b.
9*56 galloL
coffee; 761
eocoa ; befi
Here they
21
VIM
*tA between 13 5 and 13 19 N lat. being
about 17 miles long and about 10 broad.
On this ifland are fcveral mountains,
which crofs it from N to S, from which
iiue 2i river* capable of turning fugar
mills ; thcfe mountains arc in general
of an eafy afcent ; the vallies fertile and
extenfive, and the clearing the ground
has rendered the climate healthy. Of
S4|000 acres which the ifland contains,
«j,6o5 are at prefent pofTed by Britifli
fuhjeAs, and about as much more is fup-
pofed to be held by the Charaibes ; and
the remainder is thought to be incapable
of cultivation. This is the only ifland
of the Antilles, where the fmall remains
of the natives (with a mixture of negro
blood) cxill in the form of a nation. At
the peace in 1 763 the BritiHi government
fold the lands of St. Vincent, as it had
thofe of Tobago, and left the French
(whom the fear of coniifcation had not
driven away) thofe the'y poflefled. payinga
moderate fine, and a yearly rent ftill more
moderate. Thcfe proceedings encroach*
ing upon the pofleffinns of the Charaibes,
occafioned tlieir refiflance, which the
troops fent againfl them could not fubdue,
and a peace was concluded with them in
t773,and lands afligned them; fincethat
time St. Vincent has enjoyed internal
tranquillity. The number of inhabitants
appears to be 1450 'whites, and 11,853
negroes. St. Vincent is divided into 4
pariflies, St. David, St. Patrick, St. An-
drew, and St. George. lis towns are
Kingfton, the capital, and Richmond ; the
others are villages or hamlets, at the fev-
«ral bays and landing places. Theiflands
dependent on the St. Vincent's govern-
ment, are Bequia, containing 3700 acres ;
Union, ttso acres ; Canouane, 1777
aires ; and Muftique . above noo
acre*. Of the above 11,853 negroes,
about 1400 are employed In the cultiva-
tion of thefe iflands. There are likewife
the little iflots of Petit Martinique, Petit
St. Vincent, and Ballefeau, each of which
produce* a little cotton. The total ex-
ports in 1788, in ii» veflels, from St.
Vincent, amounted in value, according to
the currentprices in London, to £ii6,4SO
14 : 8, including exports to the American
ftates, to the value of JC9019 : i ; 8 fter-
ling. The cargoes confifted of 65,ii8cwt.
iqr. 171b. fugar, 88,266 gall0nB rum ;
9656 gallons molaflet ; 634cwt. iqr. 51b.
coffee ; 76i,88olbs. cotton ; I43cwt. a4lb.
cocoa ; befide hides, dvin^ woods, &c.
Kerr they cultivate cinaamoni mango,
ViR
ftfamum, vanilla, China tallowtree, cam-
phor, gumflorax, &c. It is about 20
leagues W of Barbadoes.
Vinctiit, Port St. ow the coaft of Chill, in
the S. Pacific Ocean, is 6 miles N N E of
the mouth of the river Blobio, having a
fafe harbour, and fecurc againft all winds
but the W, which blows right in. Talca-
guama Port is 6 miles to the N of it.
Plncehto, a channel on the W fide oftbe
channel of Amiaz Itland, in the Bay of
All Saints, on the coafl of Brazil.
f^iner't IfljitJ, in Hudfon's Bay, lies N
E of the mouth of Albany river.
FineyarJ, Neiu, a townlhip in Kenne-
becW CO. Maine, on the twoNcaftern-
moft branches of Sandy river, has 336 in-
habitants, about fifty nine miles N by W
of Brunfwick, and 37 N W of Haliowell.
Vineyard,z townfliip on the Ifle of Mot-
tc, in lake Champlain, in Grand iHe co.
Vermont, called till x8oa, IfltMotte. It
contains 135 inhaliitantB.
Vineyard Sound, on the S caftern coaft
of MaiTachufctts, it the ftrait or paifage
between the Elizabeth Iflands and Mar-
tha's Vineyard. The S W channel of
which, about 7 miles broad, has Gay
Head on the S £ and the Sow and Pigs
on the N W.
Fiftr Kty, one of the Tortiigas, on the
coaft of Florida ; 5 miles N eadward of\
Duck Key, and 3^ E of Old Matacomhe.
Virgil, a military townfliip of Ononda-
go CO. N. York, having DryJen on tiie W,
Cincinnatus E, Homer N, and on th<- S,
230,000 acres of land on Sufquchar.na
river, ceded to the ftate of MafTacliu-
fetts. It is under the jurifdiiSVion of
Homrr, which was incorporated in
Virgin Gerifo, one of the principiil of
the Virgin Illes, in the W. Indies. It lies
4 leagues E of Tortula, and of a very ir-
regular fliapc. Its gtenteft Ierj;lh from
E to W is about 18 miles ; is worfc wa-
tered than Tortula, and has fewer inhab-
itants. A mountain which rifes in its
centre, is affirmed to contain a ill ver mine.
Nht. 18 18, W Ion. 64.
Virginia, one of the United .Itates, lies
between 36 30 and 40 .10 N lat. and be-
tween 75 54 and 83 8 W Ion. from Lon-
don. It is in length 446 miles, in breadth
324 ; containing about 7«,oco fquare
miles. Bounded N by Maryland, part of
Pennfylvania, and Ohio river ; W by
Kentucky ; S by N. Carolina, and E by
the Atlantic Ocean. This (late is divia>
cd into 90 counties, which follow ;
TABLE
ii
^m
u
u
ml
VIB.
ViR
T A B L K. II
W'Jl "/the
BUeB'ig*.
Cfl'mtier.
<. t.i
Ohio
Hampfliire
Mdnongalia
Berkly
Waihington
b'rederick
MontgumerT
Shenandoah
■W, the
Kockfngham
Botetourt
Augufta
Greeubriar
Rockbridge
Kanawa
Bettueen the Blut Ridg
eanitbe fide Water t.
Lnudoua
Henry
Fauquier
I'itifylvania
Culpepper
Halifax
Spotfylvania
Charlotte
Orange
Prince Edward
Louifa
Cumbeiland
Goochland.
Powhatan
Flavaiiia
Amelia
Albemarle
Nolaway
Ainherft
lAinenbarg
Bedford
Mecklenburg
Buckingham
til iinfwick
Bit-ween Jamet i
'iter and Cirolina.
Grccnfville
Southampton
Dinwiddle
Ide of Wight
Chefterfield
N*nfemond
Princefi George
Norfolk
Surry
Princcb Ann
Suflcx
Betvften yamis i
mfTori Riven. '
Henricq
Williamfburg
Hano\er
York
New Kent
Varwick
Charles City
Elizibetti City j
James City
i
Betvietn Tdri end I
'affiabanfidei Rivers. |
Caroline
Eflex 1
King William
Middlefex \
King and Queen
Glouccftcr
Between Rafpabannoci
and Pato-wmae Riv-
tt 1
Tairfaz
't. 1
Richmond
Prince Williatn
Wtftmoreland
Stafford
Northumberlan4
King George
Lancader
Eafien
' f-bore. !
Accomac
Northampton i
NexuC
o'intiet.
Campbell
Vlidifon
Franklin
iVIatlews
Harrifoa
Piitrick
Randolph
Wo.)d
Hardy
Lee
Nottoway
Pendleton
Rufitl
Grayfon
Munroc
The inhabitants ar
e534'3^9<> frw» *°^
345,796 flave*.
'
In an extenfive country, it will be txpet^
ed that the climate is not the Tame in all
its p trts. It is remarkable that, proceed-
ing •<! tho fame parallel of latitude wefl>
wardly, the climate becomes colder in
like manner as when you proceed north*
wardly. This continues tu be the cafe
till you attain the fummit of the Allegha-
ny. From thence, rlefccndiug in the
fame latitude to the MilFifippi, the change
reverfes ; and, if we may believe travel-
lers, it becomes warmer there than it is
in the fame latitude on the fea fide. Their
teftimony is (Irengthened by the vegeta-
bles and animals which fubfif^ and multi-
ply there naturally, and do not on the
fea coali Thus catalpas grow fpontancr
oufly on the MifllQppi, as far as the lati-
tude of 3 7, and reeds as far as 38. Par-
roquets even winter on the Scioto, in the
39th degree of latitude. The S W winds,
£ of the n>ountains, are mod predom-
inant. Next to (hefe, on the fea coafl,
the N E aud at the mouutaius, the N \V
wi ids prevail. The N E is loaded wiik
vapoui , infpmuph that the fait manufac-
turers have found that their cryftals
would not flioot while tjiat blows ; it oc-
cafious a diflrefllng chill, and a heavinefi
and deprelBon of the fpirits. The N
W is dry, cooling, eladic and animating.
The E and S E breezes come on generally
in the afternoon. They have advanced
into the country very fenfibly within the
memory of pquple now living. Mr.
JefTerfon reckons the extremes of heat
and cold to be 98 above, and 6 bilow o, in
Farenheit's Thermometer. The months
of June and July, thoagh often the hotted,
are the moft hea'thy in the ypar. The
weather i^ then idry and lefs liable to
change than in Augud and September,
when the rain pommfpces, and fuddea
variations take place. On the fea poaft,
tlie land is low, genetaliy within 12 feet
of the level of the fea, interfe<fled in all
diredlions with f^lt creeks and rivers,
the heads of which form fwamps and
marfh<8, and fenny groupd, covered with
water, in wet feafons. the uncultivated
lands are covered with large trees, and
thick underwood. Thp vicinity of the
fea, and fait creeks and rivers occafion a
condaiU moiflure and warmth of the at-
mofphere, fo that although under the
fame latitude, 100 or 150 miles in the
country, deep fnows, and frozen rivers
frequently happen, for a fliort feafon^
ye( here u^ch occmrencet are coniidered
, ai
VIR
VIR
ai phenomena; for thefe reafons, the
treet are often in bloom at early as the
lad ot February ; from this period, liow-
ever, till the end of April, the inhabitants
are incommoded by cold rains, piercing
winds, and fharp iroAi, which l'ubje^£tj
them to the Inilammatory dilcafes, fucli
aspleurify aud peripneuniony. The chief
rivers are Roanoke, James', Naufcmond,
Chickahominy, Appamatox, Rivannu,
York, Piankatank; Rappahannock, Pa-
towmack, Shenandoah, the great and lit-
tle Kanhaway, Staunton and Green Briar.
Thefe rivers and creeks arc dcfcribed un-
der their refpetSliva names. They abound
iwith fiOi of various kinds, as (largeoii,
iliad, bafs, carp, flieeplhead, drum, lier-
rings, percli, catfifli, oyfters, crabs, &c.
It is worthy notice, that the mountains
arc not folitary and fcattered confufedly
over the face of the country; but com-
mence at about 150 miles from the fea
coafl, are difpufcd in ridges one behind
another, running nearly parallel with the
fea coad, though rather approaching it as
they advance north eaftwardly. See 41-
lerhimy Mountuint. hi the fame dircdtion
generally are the veins of limellone, coal,
and other mintrals hitherto difcovered ;
and fo range the falls of the great rivers.
But the courfes of the great rivers are at
right angles with thefe. James and Pa-
towmack penetrate through all the ri.lges
of mountains eallward of the Alleghany,
which is brokc^n by no water courfe. It
is in fa(Sl the fpine of the country between
the Atlantic un one fide, and the Mi/Ti-
fippi and St. Lawrence on the other. The
paHage of the Patowmack through the
Blue Ridge is perhaps one of the moft
flupendous fcencs in nature. The moun-
tains of the Blue Ridge, and of thefe, the
Peaks of Otter, arc thought to be of a
greater height meafured from thtir bafe,
than any others in Virginia, and perhaps
in N. America. From data, which may
found a tolerable conjedture, we fuppofe
the higheft peak to be about 4000 feet
perpendicular, which is not a fifth part of
the height of the mountains of S. Ameri-
ca, nor one third of the height whic^
would be Qecefiiary incur latitude to pre-
fcrveice In the open air unmcltcd through
^e year. The ridge of mountains next
beyond the Blue Ridge, calh d the North
Mountain, is of the greated extent ; for
which reafon they are named by the In-
dians the End'eis Mountains. The Ona-
^otQ Mountains are jo or 60 miles wide
^t t|ie Gap. Thefe mountains abound
hi coal, lime, and free (lone ; the fummite
of them arc generally covered with a good
foil, and a variety of timber ; and the
low, intervale lands are lich and remark-
ably well watered. The whole cmmtry
below the mountains, which are al)out
150, fomtf fay aoo miles from tlie lea, it
level, and feenis from various appcaran*
ces to have been once walhed by the fea.
The land between York and James rivers
is very level, and its iurface about 40 feet
aiiove high wat»-r mark. It appears from
i)l»fervati..u, to have arifcn to its preient
height at diflerent periods far diflant from
e«h other, and that at ihcfe piriodsit
was walhed by the iea ; for near York-
town, where the banks are petpuidicular,
you firft fee a Jli.itum, intei mixed with
fmall flitlk rerembling a mixture of
clay and land, and about 5 teet thick;
on this lies hoi izont ally, fmall whitefli ells,
cock'e, clam, Ike. an inch or two thick ;
then a body of e nth fimilar to that firft
mentioned, i8 inclus thiik; then a layer
of {iicllsai.d asiothcr body of earth; on
this 4 layer of 3 feet of white fliclls mixed
with fand, on which lay 1 body of oyller
flielh 6 feet thick, which were cohered
with earth to the furface. The oyfter
(hells are fo united by averj' ftrong ce-
ment, that they fi.ll only vhcn undermin-
ed, and then in Urge bodies from i to la
tons weight. 'I'hcy have the appearance
of large rocks on 'ti:c fliore. The foil
below the mountains feems to have ac-
quired a character for goodncfs which
it by no mean.'* dcferves. Though not
rich, it is well fuited to the growth of to-
bacco and Indian corn, and parts of it for
wheat. Good crops of cotton, flax and
hemp are alfo raifed ; and in fome coun-
ties th(.y have plenty of cyder, and cxquif-
ite brandy, diftilled from peaches, which
grow in great abundance upon the numer-
ous rivers of the Chefapeak. The plant-
eis, before the war, paid their principal
attention to the culture of tobacco, of
which there ufedto be exported, gcnerii'-
ly, 55,000 hogfiieads a year. Since the
revolution, they are turning their atten-
tion more to the cultivation oi wheat, In-
dian corn, barley, (lax and hemp. It it
expedled that this State will add the art'-
cle of rice to the lift of her exports ; at
it is fuppofed, a large body of fwamp in
the eafternmoft counties, is capable of pro-
ducing it. Horned or neat cattle are
bred in great numbers in the weflern
counties of Virginia, as well as in the
States S of it, where they have an extcn-
fiv<{
ma
VI R
V I R
fivr range, and mild winters, without any
permanent fnow«. They run at large,
arc not houfed, and multiply very fad.
The gentlemen, being fond of pleafure,
itave taken much paint to raife a good
breed of horfes, and have fucceeded in it
beyond any of the State*. They will
give loool. (Icrling for a good feed horfe.
Horfe racing has had a great tendency
to encourage the breeding of good horfet,
as it affords an opportunity of putting
them to the trial of their fpeed. They
are more elegant, and will perform more
ft-rvice, than the horfes of the northern
States.' ' Caves among the mountains,
have lately been difcovered, which yield
faltpetre in fuch abundance, that joo.ooo
pounds of it might be collected from them
annually. Virginia is thought to be the
mofl pregnant with minerals and folTils of
any State in the Union. A lingle lump
of gold ore has been found, near the falls
of Rappahannock river, which yielded
17 dwt. of gold, of extraordinary du<£Ulity.
Hi) other indication of gold has been dif-
covered in its neighbourhood. On the
great Kanh.iway, oppofite to the mouth
of Cripple Creek, and <ilfo about 15 miles
from the I'outhern boundary of the State,
in the county of Montgomery, are mines
of lead. The metal is mixed, fometimes
with carth,andfometimes with rock.which
requires the forceof gunpowdertoopenit;
and is accompanied with a portion of filver,
too fmall to lie worth reparation, under
any procefs hitiierto attempted there.
The proportion yielded is from 50 to 80
lb of pure metal from 100 lb. of waflied
ore. The moll common is that of 60 to
the 100 lb. Copper, iron, black lead,
coal, marble, limeflone, &c. are found in
this country. CryO^al* are common.
S.>ine amcthyfts, and one emerald have
been difcovertd. Every able bodied free-
man, between the ages of 16 and 50, is en>
rolled in the militia. Thofc of every
county are formed into companies, and
thefe again into one or more battalions,
Recording to the numbers in the county.
' "f hey are commanded by Colonels and
pther fubordinate officers, as in the reg-
ular fervice. In every couivty is a coun-
ty lieutcnayit, who commands the whole
thilitia in his county, but ranks only as a
Colonel in the field. They have no gen-
leral officers always exining. Thefe are
ftppointed occafionally, when an invalion
or infurredlion happens, and their com«
inifTion ceaffs with the occafiop. The
Gqveraor is head of the military as web
as civil power. The law requires every
militia man to provide himfelf with the
arm* ufual in the regular fervice The in-
terfc<ftton of Virginia byfo many navigable
rivert,renders it almoflincapableof defence.
As the land will not fupport a great num-
ber of people, a force cannot foon be col-
ledted to repel a fuddcn invafion. If the
militia bear the feme proportion to the
number nf iaiiabitants now, as in 1782,
they amount to about 75,000. This (late
it not divided into townfhips, nor are
there any towns of confequence, owing
probably to the interfe(5lion of the coun-
try by navigable rivers, which brings the
trade to the doors of the inliabiiaats.
Norfolk will probably become the empo-
rium for all the trade of the Chefapeak
Bay and its waters ; and a canal of 8 or
10 miles, which is contemplated, will
bring to it all that of Albemarle Sound
and its waters. The Coik-ge of \^'illiam
and Mary was founded about the begin-
ning of the laft century. See JVilliamJburg,
In Prince Edward county is a college by
the name of Hampden Sydney college,
Wafhington College, at Lexington, is
handfomely endowed, and is one of the
mofl flourifhing literary inftitutions in the
State. There are academies at Alexan-
dria, Norfolk, Hanover, and other places.
The prcfent denominations of Chriftians
in Virginia arc Preibyterians, who are
mofl numerous, Epifcopalians, Baptifls,
and Methodifls. The exports of this
£tate,in the year i79i,endingSept. 30th,
amounted to 3,i3i,»a7 dollara; in 1791,
3.549.499 dollars ; in 1793, 4,984,317
dollars ; in 1794, 3,3Zi,494 dollars ; in
i796,5.a68,6i5dolIars; in 1797,4,908,713
dollars; in 1798, 6,113,451 dollars; in
1801, 4,660,361 dollars. The tonnage of
Virginia in 1798 was, 69,586 tons. In
1790, about 40,000 hogfheads of tobacco
were exported ; but its culture has fince
declined, and that of wheat taken its
place. The greatefl quantity of tobacco
ever produced in this country, in one year,
was 70,000 hhds. in the year 1758. Vir-
gitiia was fettled permanently, after fev-
eral preceding unfuccefsful attempts, in
1610, being the eariiefl cAabliflicd of any
ofthc United States.
Firgin J/tandt,a. grOttp Of fmall iflsAds
in the W. Indies, E of th* Iflatid of Por-
to Rico, belonging to different European
powers. They extend fdr the fpace of
%A leagues, from E to W, aad about x6
leagues from N to S, and nearly approach
the E coafl of Porto Rico. Th«y afe
every
VIR
WAC
-tftrj way dangerous to navigators, though
there is a bafon in the inidlk of them ot 6
or 7 leagues in length, and 3 or 4 in
breadth, in which fliips may anchor and
be Sheltered and land locked from uU
winds ; which is named the Bay of Sir
Francis Drake, from his having paOed
through them to St. Domingo. 1 hofe
which arc occupied and inhabited appear
under their refpeiSlive names ; but others
are deftitute both of names and inhabit-
ants. The Britlth and Danes poiTefs mod
ef them ; but the Spaniards claim thofe
near Porto Rico. The ifland of yirgin
Cordj, on which depend Anegada, Nick-
er, Prici^Iy Pear, Mofquito lllands, Cam-
auoes. Dog Iflands, the Fallen City, the
Round Rock, Ginger, Cooper's, Salt, Pe-
ter's, and Dead Ched, belong to the Brit-
f& ; at alfo Tortola, on which depend Jofl
Van Dykes, Little Van Dykes, Guana,
Beef, and Thatch IHands. I'o the Danu
belong St. Tlomat't JJland, on which Brafs,
Little Saba, Buck liland. Great and Little
St. James, and Bird Ifland are dcplfendant ;
with St. yobtt't, to which depend Lavango,
Cam, and Witch Iflands ; and they have
alfo Santa Illand, or St. Croix. The Sfan'
itrdt claim Serpent's Ifland, (called by the
Britifli Green illand) the Tropic Keys,
Great and Little Pafiage Ifland, and par-
ticularly Crab Ifland. The Booby birds
are fo tame on Bird Ifland, that a man, it
is faid, in a Ihort time, may catch fufficient
in his hand to fupply a fleet. Thefe ifl-
ands lie about lat. 18 20 N, and the courf*
through them, with due attention, is per*
feftly fafe at W by N and W N W as far
as the W end of the fourth Ifland. Leave
this on the ftarboard fide, and the ifland
called Foul CliiF, on the larboard, be-
tween which there is 16 fathoms, and a
free channel to the weftward, before
there is any alteration of the courfe ; for
though there be but 6 or 7 fathoms in
feme places, it is no where fhoalcr, and
in fome places there is from 16 to 30
fathoms. The ifland of Anguilla, on the
M fideof St. Martin's L is £ S £ from them.
Firgin Mary, Cape, the N £ point of
the entrance of the Straits of Magellan,
in the S. Atlandc Ocean, is a ftcep white
diff S lat. 5» 3a, W Ion. 67 54. The
variation of the compafs, in 1780, was 24
30 E.
FirgtH Roch, off the S £ part of the
coaft of Newfoundland Ifland, 10 leagues
fi £ of Cape Race. N lat. 46, according
to others, lat. 46 30, and thefe lafl fay 17
1 18 \t*gw» $ £ by £ of Cape SaJUard.
Vithria, St, Juan dt, a city of PerU>
See (JuamjKjfa, its molt common name.
VuLunii JJland, between Swallow Ifland
and Santa Cruz, about 8 leagues N oi the
latter, in the Pacific Ocean, in which Mcii-
dana, in 1595, faw a volcano, which flam-
ed continually. S lat. 10 30.
f'aluntoxvitfA towulliip ou the E lint- of
Conne«Sicut, Windham tO. E of Plaiufield,
19 N E of Norwich, ami a6 S W of Pj ovi-
doncc. It was fettled in 1696, havir.g
been granted to voluntctrs in the t.uw;i-
ganlec war ; hence its name, it w^s
incorporated in 1 719, it has a large Iwanp
abounding with white piiic, luilicitnt to
fupply the neighbouring towns with ma*
tcrials for building. Inhabitants 1119.
W
rr ABASH, is a beautiful navigable
river, of the Indiana 'lerritory, which
runs a S W and fouthern courfe, and cmp«
ties into the Ohio, by a mouth 270 yards
wide, in lat. 37 j6 N, 168 miles from the
mouth of the Ohio, and 1032 miles below
Fittfburg. In the fpring, fummcr, and
autumn, it is paE'able in battcaux and bar-
ges, drawing about 3 feet water, 412 miles
tuOuiatanon ; and for large canoes 197
miles furthcTito the Miami carrying place,*
9 miles from Miami village. This viU
lage (lands on Miami river which emp-
ties into the S W part of Lake Erie. The
communication between Detroit and the
Illinois and Ohio countries, is up Miami R.
to Miami village, thence by land 9 miles,
when the rivers are high, and from 1 8 to
30 when they are low, through a level
country to the Wabafh, and through the
various branches of the Wabafh to the
places of dcfUnation. The land on this
river is remarkably fertile. A filver mine
has been difcovered abaut 28 miles above
Ouiatanon, on the northern fide of the
Wabafh. Salt fprings, lime, free flone,
blue, yellow, and white clay, are found in
plenty on this river. The copper mine
on this river, is perhaps the richeft vein
of native copper in the bowels of the
whole earth. See Vuutnntt and Ouiatu-
non.
Waiafi, Little, runs a courfe S S E, and
falls into the Wabafh, 10 miLa from the
Ohio.
IVacbvuia, or DoWi Parijh, a tradt of
land in N. Carolina, between the £ fide of
Yadkin river, and the head waters of Haw
aad Deep rivers, couUAipg of about
lOO.COft
'^'\
%
W A t
WAL
100,000 acre<, partly in fitoVe* and Surry
counties. The United JJrethren, or M«-
raviant, purchal'ed thii trad): of Lord
Granville, in 1751, Rm^ called it Wacho-
VSa, after the name of an cftate of Count
Zinxcndorf, in Germany. In 1 75J, it was
made a fcparntc parini, and named DobbN,
b" the legiilature. 'Ihe fettlemcnt of
Cethabara, wa* begun in 1 753, by a num-
ber of the brethren from Pennfylvania.
Salem, wiiicii i.i the principal fettlement,
commenced in T766, and is inhabited by
a number of ingenious tradefmen. This
thriving p iriHi liek about 10 miles S cf
Pilot M'jut.tain, and contains 6 churches.
Waebjuiil.tufj, an ancient Moravian fet-
tlemcnt ill Conne<5licut, on Stratford riv-
er ; 13 miles from its mouth.
lVachufJMntintiiin,\n the towD of Prince-
ton, Maiiiacliufetts, may be fcen in a clear
horizon, at the diftance of 67 miles, l>ein2
3989 feet above the level of the Tea.
IVadeJhartugb, tli« chief town of Anfon
CO. in Fayetteviils dinridt, N. Carolina.
It conttiins a court houfe. gaol, and about
30 hoMfe«, and being feated on a lofty hill,
is both picafint and healthy. It is 76
miles W by S of Riycttcville, 50 S E by S
•f Salifbury, and 407 from Wafliington.
Wjdmtlaiv,3ia\\\?si& near Ch^rIeflon,S.
Carolina. By a bridge over a fmall creek
it is joined to John's ifland.
Wadfioortb,^ tovirn of N. York, Ontario
CO. on the E bank of GenefTte river.
tVadkam IJIands, near the N E coaft of
Newfoundland Ifland. N lat. 49 57, W
lon.J3 37.
Wager^s Strait, or R'tv:r, in New N.
Wales, in N. America, lits in lat. 65 23 N,
and is about a or 3 miles wide. At 5 or 6
miles within its entrance, it is 6 or 8
leagues wide, having fevdal idands and
rocki in the middle. It has foundings
from 16 to 30 and44 fathoms; andthe land
0.1 both fideii is as high (.'•ccording to Cap-
tain Middleton's account) as any in Eng-
land. Savage Sound, a fmall cove or har-
bowr, fit for (hips to anchor in, lies on
the northern fhore, 13 or 14 leagues up
the flrait, in Ion. 87 18 W. All the coun-
try from Wager's Strait to Seal river, is
in fome maps called New Denmark. Capt.
Monk was fent thither, in 1610, by the
king of Denmark, and wintered at a place
called Monk's Winter Harbour, in lat. 63
ao N, which muft be a little N of Rankin's
Inlet. When Capt. Ellis was in this lat.
the tide ran at the rate of from 8 to 10
leagues an hour. He compare! it to the
lIuiceofamilL
tVMl'fuUtXhe S cafternmod townfhip of
Chittenden CO. Vermont, containing 473
inhabitants.
fViiit's JRlvtr, rifes In Orange co. Ver-
mont, and empties into Connecticut riv-
er, at Bradford.
fV.ijnmial, an Indian town on Sufque-
hannah river, about 400 miles from its
mouth. In thefpringof 1736, the Indians
fliot % feaU here, and they could not fiif-
/iclently exprefs their aftonifliment at the
light of thefo animals unknown to them.
IVute, -.tn inland co. of Hillfborough dif-
tria, N. Carolina ; bounded N W by
Orange, and E ;ind S E by Johnfon. It
contains 12,768 inliabitanis, including
3906 (laves. Chief tov/n. Raleigh.
f",:iefeU, formerly Eafttozvi, and W/ttir-
town, a townfliip of Stratford co. N. Hamp-
fliire, E of Wolf borough, incorporated in
'•7'/ 4- It contains 835 inhabitants. In
the N E part is •> pond which is the fource
of P fcat.iqna river.
Waiiamatv, a beautifnl lake, a6 miles
in circuit, in Bladen co. N. Carolina. The
lands on its E fide are fertile, and the lit-
uation delightful gradually afcending from
the flioies ; bounded on the N W by vaft
rich fwamps, fit for rice. This lake is the
fource of a fine river, of the fame name,
and runs a foutherly courfe, for 70 or 80
miles, and empties into Winyaw Bay, at
Georgetown, in S. Carolina.
Walden, a townfhip of Vermont, Cale-
donia CO. having Danville on the S £. It
cpntaiiis 153 inhabitants.
Witldohorough, a poft town and' port of
entry in Maine, in Lincoln co. 12 miles S
by W of Warren, 10 E bv S of Newcrtf-
tie, 20 E of Wifcaflet,'and'683 from
Walhington. Mulkongiti river runs near-
ly through the middle of the town. Ihis
is the port of entry for the diilridk, lying
between the towns of Camden and North-
port ; and all the fhoren and waters from
the middle of Damarifcotta river to the S
W fide of the town of Northport. The
townfliip of Waldoborough was incorpo-
rated in 1773, and contains 151 1 inhabit-
ants. See Mvjlongus.
Waldo Patent, a tra<St of land forming
the S E part of Hancock co. in Maine, and
on the W fide of Pcnobfcot river and
bay.
IValcs, Nm> Soutb, a country of vaft ex-
tent, but little known, lying round the
fouthern part of Hudfon's Bay.
V^attt New Ncrtb, an extenfive territo-
ry of N America ; having Prince Wil-
liam's Land N, part of Baflin's Bay E, and
feparatcd
fi!paratti
river
Urates,
Ti miles
iioflon.
HTalhai
ern br.inc
month of
Delaware
ianlndiFr
Walhr.
Qiicen CO
ington.
tVall, i
5795.3 re
ill the neij
Carolina,
a confider;
of a mile, 1
a mile, fro
" and a h
Atlantic C
miles. Its I
Since its di
been made
depth, and
compofed.
below the
generally ri
as it finks,
wall, to the
pearance o
The thickr
2 feet. Its
ed ; but fro
bee!i funk,
more than
parallel wit
Above the [
line. It the
circle, for
ceeda in a r
or 7 feet ou
face, on cac
even ; all th
and ihape.
of a conimoi
than the ei
large [tones ;
the wall ; tJ
great numbe
terftices beti
the ftone iso
cnt from any
One quarry, \
the wall of a
cement is of i
*o contain n
€d, yields iroi
covery of thi
Vol.!
iflvip at
ng 473
:o. Vcr-
cut rit-
Sufque-
from it»
> Indians
not ftif-
nt at the
) them,
jugh dif-
I W by
nfon. It
ncludin]^
li.
id Ifntr-
ij. Hamp-
orated in
ant». In
he fource
16 mites
ina. The
id the lit-
idiiigfrom
W bjr vaft
lake it the
ime name,
70 or 80
w Bay, at
ont, Cale-
SE. It
port of
1 miles S
Newc:«f-
683 fTor^j
runs ncar-
wn. lliis
Iridk, lying
ndNortV
aters from
r to the S
tort. The
incorpo-
I inhabit*
id forming
Maine, and
river and
of vaft es-
round the
ve territo-
rince Wil-
Bay E, and
feparatcd
WAL
J't!paratcd from New S. Wales, 8 by Seal
rivcT
tFafft,& plantation in Lincoln co. Maine,
t.r miles N E of I'ortiand, and 180 from
iioflon. It contains 366 inliabituntN.
WalhaWmg, the Indian name of an caft-
ern brancli of Muricingum river, at the
noutli of which ftood Uofchachgucnk, a
Delaware town, and fcttlcmcnt of Ciirid-
ian Indie ns.
IVaUtrtoii, a poll town in King and
Queen co. Virginia, i JO miles from Wafti-
ington.
IVall, SiiL'trran.'ous. About the year
179J, a remarkable wall was dUcovered,
in the neighbourhood of Sali/biiry. in N.
Carolina. Itsdiftance from Third Creek,
a conliderable ftream, is about one quarter
of a mile, from the S. Yadkin river about
a mile, from the Oreat Yadkin river about
7. and a half, or 3 miles ; and from the
Atlantic Ocean not left than 160 or 170
miles. Its diret^ion is nearly II W and S E.
Since its difcovery various attempts have
been made to afcert^in its length, breadth,
depth, and the materials of which it is
compofed. Its top is at unequal diftances,
below the furface of the earth ; though it
generally rifcs as the furface riles, and finks
as it (inks. A pit has been dug befide the
wall, to the depth of 47 feet, but no ap-
pearance of its termination downwards.
The thicknefs is uniformly the fame, viz.
a feet. Its length has not been afcertain-
ed ; but from the place where the pit has
been funk, the w;kil is known to extend
more than 100 feet down the lull, and
parallel with a branch which runs near.
Above the pit it extends i jofeetin a direct
line. It then forms a fegment of a large
circle, for about 15 feet, and then pro*
ceeda in a right line, parallel with, but 6
or 7 feet out of its firft diretflion. '^i'he
face, on each fide the wall, ns fmooth and
even; alltheftones of an irregular fize
and fhape. The largeft are near the fize
of a common brick, the fmalleft not larger
than the end .of a man's thumb. The
large ftones are all laid lengthwife, acroft
the wall ; the fmall, of which there is a
great number, are ufed to fill up the in-
terftices betweeu them. The texture of
the fttme is of a peculiar kind, and diiFer-
cnt from any in the neighbourhood, except
one quarry, whu!i is atthediftance from
the wall of about one half of a mile. The
cement is of a whitifli colour, an4 appears
to contain much lime ; but when analyz-
ed, yields iroa without any linjc. The dif-
cov«ry of this wall, which caa fcar^ly be
Vol.1. Kkkk
WAL
thought a natural produiftion, feemi to
ftrengthen tl>e opinion of thofe who be*
lieve that this weftern world has once be-
fore been inhabited by a civilized people,
or, atleaft vifitcd oftcner than hiftory in«
forms us of, and prior to its authenticated
difcovery by Columbus. Or it may be con-«
fidered as a proof of the Mofaic account.
IFjllingforJ, a townfliip of Vermont,
Rutland co. E of Tinmouth. It contains
912 inhabitants.
lyallincfurJ, a pleafant port town of
Connc(Slicut, N. Haven co. 13 miles S W
of Middleton, and 13 N E of New Ha-
ven, 'ihis townlhip, called by the In-
dians Ci^iriiiiLiiuc^e, was fettled m 1671 ;
is divided into two pariflics, and con-
tains 3214 inh:)bitantj. It is 12 miie«
long, and 7 broad.
Iryatlei'fi'ille, a poft town in Hancock co.
Georgia, 729 mills from Wafliington.
IfjlUill, a rlvtT of Orange co. N.
York. It is a flujrgilh ftream, 40 or 50,000
acres of land on its banks, being overflow-
ed, a conliderable part of the year, which
expofcs the inliabitants of the vicinity to
intermittent feveri. It is fuid that the
channel might t My be fo dccptnid,HS
to prevent the lands from being drowned,
and the people from fickncfs.
JVjllim, a towndup of N. York, Or-
ange CO. on the creek of its n-jmc, nbout
I? milts N by E of Goflien, ii W of
Newburgh,and ^s8 N W of N. York city.
It contains J592 inhabitants.
IValtiut Cove, This is a beautiful traifk
of 8 or io,oco acres of land, at the low-
er end of Powell's Valley, bounded N W
by Cumberland Mountain, and S W by
Crofs Mountain, running from the Cum-
berland almoft at right angles, 8 or 9 miles
long, very fteep, high and regular. Thefc
mountains afford to^ihc inhabitants of the
Cove a moft romantic profpedt. It con-
tains fome elegant filuation^
IViilnut Hills, are on the E bank of the
MlfTifippi river, in the Mifnfippi Terri-
tory, a little S of the mouth of Yazoo riv-
er, in lat. 33 20 N, and Ion. 15 45 W of
Philadelphia. Fortifications to a confid-
erable extent were creAcd here by the
Spaniards before the place was given up
to the Americans. This poft is a very
important one, and capable of being made
very ftrong. Here were, iu 1800, 80 in-
habitants.
IVjllnomfihiici, a fmall branch of Hoo-
fack river, Vermont.
Ifall^aci, a townfliip in Suftex co. N.
Jerfcy.on Delaware river, about 11 miles
Wef
, H.ll
WAP
WAR
W of Newtown, and 50 N W of Brunf-
wick. It contHiacd, in 1790, 496 iiihalv
itan:s.
H'alpolt, a pod town of N. Hampdiirc,
ClieOiiro CO. on tlie caftern fide of Con-
tie^tlciit river, 11 milea S of Charlcflowrn,
14 N W by N of Kecnc, 108 W of I'ortf-
mouih, and 475 from W^illungtoa. The
lownihip contains 174J inliHbitantii.
H^al/>oL;'-4 townfitip of M.ifTjchurcttA,
Morfolkco. on the great roa'i to Provi-
dence, and 20 miles S W of Boflon. It
rri\% incorporated in 1724, and containo
^iif inhabitants.
IVj//'i»gb^im, Ci/>e, is on tljc E fide of
Cumberland's Ifland, in Iludfon's Straits.
N bt. 6a 39, W Ion. 77 s^• High water,
at full and chang::, at it o'clock.
Ifiillfjiim, a tokvnlhip of Mali'iichtifctts,
Middlefcx co. it miles N WorBofloii.
It wa^ incorporated in 1737, and contains
93.; inhabitants.
U'^altbtim, or iV.jI'i/im, a villaf»e in Hen-
rico CO. Virginia, on the N lidc of James'
river, 4 mitis N W of Richmond.
IValtou, where is 1 pod ofHcc, in Dela-
ware CO. N. York, 447 miles from Walli-
in^ton.
tV,i/;i/>iiiiei,an Indian tribe, allies of the
HiiroiiH.
H'aiinfpatiicict River, rifei in Glouccftcr,
Rhode Illand, and falls into Providence
river -. mile and a half N W of Wcybof-
f«'t hridjje. Upon this liver fornuTly
flood ths only powder mill in this State,
and within one mile of its mouth there
arc a flitting mill, 2 paper mills, 2 grid
mills with 4 run of ftoncs, an oil mill, and
a f.Mv mill
lFait(io,7\ fliort, broad river of S. Caro-
lina, which rifes in Chatltflnn diflritfl,
and empties into Cooper's river, a few
miles above Charledon.
Hr.ittooactte, an idand in the S. Pacific
Ocean, about 2 miles in extent from S E
to N W. It is about 10 miles at N W by
W from the N end of Watcehoo Illand.
ffanta^e.si townlliip near the N W cor-
ner of N. Jerl'cy, Suflcx co. 15 miles north-
erly of Newtown. It contained, in 1790,
1700 inhabitants.
IVutttiiJli,:, the original name of W. riv-
er, Vermont.
IVxippttcamo River, a large S branch of
Patowmac river, which it joins in lat. ,^9
,•^9 N, where the latter was formerly
known by the name of Cohongoronto.
Ifupuroajran IJlands, on the Labrador
('oad, lie between lat. 50 and 50 5 N, and
between lun. 59 S5 ii'td 60 30. W.
U^arJ, » townfliip of Maflachufett?,
Worccftcr CO. j milts 8 of Worccftcr, and
contains 532 inhabitants.
IVardjhoroHgh, a townlliip of Vermont,
Windham co. C2 or 15 miles W of Put.
ney, and 17 N E of Hcnnington, and con-
tains 1484 inhabitants.
WunlJhriJgr, a port town of N. York,
Orange co. on the Wallkill, 10 miles N of
OoHicn, 36 S by W of Kingfton. It con-
tains about 40 compact houfes and an
academy.
Ifatv, a fmill river of MafTachufetts
which originate!) in a pond in Gerry, in
Worccftcr co. and in Peterfliam it re-
ceives Swift river, and receiving Quaboag
river, wliioh conies from Brookncld, it
thence allumis the name of Chicabee, and
falls into Conneillicut river at Springfield.
Its courl'c is S and S W.
IVare, a townlliip of Maflachurettf, in
Hamplliire co. incorporated in 1761, and
contains 997 inhabitants. It is 15 miles
N E of Springfield, and 80 W of Boflon.
IVurehamft pofl town of Maflachufetts,
Plymouth co. at the head of Buzzard's
Bay, on the W fide, 60 miles S by E of
Boflon. It was incorporated in 1739, ^^^
contains 770 inhabitants. N lat. 4145,
W Ion. 70 40.
ff^arminjler, a fmall pofl town of Vir-
ginia, on che N fide of James' river, in
Aniherfl CO. about 90 miles above Rich-
mond. It contains about 40 houfes, and
a tobacco warehoufe. It is 21 miles from
Charlottefville, and 188 from Wafhing-
ton. There is alfo a towafliip of this
name in Buck's county, Pcnniylvania.
IVurM Spring, a ridge of mountains
hears this name, a part of the Alleghany
Mountains, N W of the Calf Paflure, and
famous for warm fprings. The mofl efll-
cacious of thefe, are 2 fprings in Augufla,
near the foucces of James* river, where it
is called Jackfon's river. They rife near
the foot of the ridge of mountains,general •
ly called the Warm Spring Mountains, but
in the maps Jackfon's Mountains. The
one is diflinguiflied by the name of th^
Warm Spring, and the other of the Hot
Spring. The Warm Spring iflTues with a
very bold flream, fufficieut to work a grifl
mill, and to keep the waters of its bafon,
which is 30 feet in diameter, at the vital
warmth, viz. 96° of Fareinheit's ther-
mometer. The matter with which thefe
waters is allied is very volatile ; its fmell
indicates ittabc fulpnyreous,a8 alfo does
the circumftance of turning filver black.
.They relieve rhcumatil'mi. Other com-
plainti
WAR
WAR
.-■"i
Ehiatn ilfo of very riifFrrent nature* have
rcn removed or iLlVmcd by them. It
rains hcte 4 or 5 iluyt in every week.
The Hut Spring it about 6 milci Irom the
Warm, i» much iintillcr, and Iuj been To
liot a> to have boiled an eg^. Some be-
lieve its dtgree of heat to he iefl'encd. It
raifei the mercury in Farcinhcit'i ther-
mometer to 1 11°, which i« fever heat. It
fometimti relieve! where the Warm Spring
faili. A fountain of common water ilTu-
ing witliin a few inches of iti margin, give*
it a fingular appearance. Comparing the
temperature of thcfe witli tliat of tltc hot
fpringt of Kamfchatka, of whicli Krach-
tnnlnikow gives an account, the diiT'^rencc
is very great, the latter raifmg the i..-r-
cury to 3CO degrcer, wliich is within 11
degrees of boiling water. Thcfe fprings
are very much leforted to, in fpite of a
total want of accommodation for the lick.
Their waters are flrongeft in the hotted
months, which occafions their being vif-
itedin July and Augud principally. The
•Sweet Springs in the county of Botetourt,
at the eadern foot of the Alleghany, are
about forty two miles from the Warm
Springs.
IVarner, a towndtip of N. Hampfliirci
Hilllhorough co. It was incorporated in
1774, and contains 1569 inhabitants.
IVarren, a townfliip in Vermont, lying
in two tratfts, one in Addifon co. adjoin-
ing Lincoln, and the other in Eflex co.
adjoining Norton. It contains 59 inhab-
itants.
IVarren, a port town in Albemarle co.
Virginia, 178 miles from Wafliington.
IVarren, a thriving pod town and the
chief in Trumbull co. Ohio, 341 miles
from Wafliington, and 76 N W from Pittf-
burgh. It has a gaol, about 230 inhab-
itants, who emigrated from New England,
and fome other States.
IVarren, a county of Halifax difti i<Sl, N.
Carolina. It contains 11,046 inhabitants,
including 5905 flaves. The foil is rich,
and well watered. Quarries of mill ftones,
and alfo of whctftones are found here.
There is alfo a mineral fpring, efiicacions
in fcorbutic and bilious complaints. More
than half the people are in flavery among
republitans,
fVarren, or Warrenlon, a port town, and
the capital of the abovementioned county,
x6 miles E by N of Hillfboroiigh, 3? W
of Halifax, 54 N of Raleigh, 83 S of Pr-
terfturg in Virginia, and 140 from Wa(h-
ingtoD. The town contains 233 inhabit'
aatt, 107 of them are negroes. It ftands
in * lofty, dry, and healthy fituatlon. Eu.
ropeans, of various nations, rcfide in and
about the town. Here is a rcfpec'table
academy, having generally from 60 to 70
ftudents.
IVarren, a port town of Maine, Lincoln
CO. adjoining Camden and Thom.iftonj
ao3 miles N ii by N of Bofton. i his town-
fliip '\i fcparated from that of Thomafton,
by St. Ocorge'ii river ; w is incorporated
in 1776, and contains 939 inhabitants.
IVuirtn,A townfliip of Grafton CO. N.
Hampniire, N E of Orford, adjoining, in-
corporated ill 1763, and contains 336 in-
habitants.
IVarren, a poft town of Rhode Ifl.ind,
Bridol CO. picafantly lituatcd on Warren
river, and the N E part of Narraganfct
Bay, 4milesNofBriftol, loSSE of Prov-
idence. This is a llourilhing town ; car.
ries on a briJlc coafling and W. India trade,
and is remarkable for fliip building. The
whole townfliip contains 1473 inhabit-
ants. Rhode IHund College was Rrti
inditutcc in this town, and afterwards re-
moved to Providence.
fVarren, a new townfliip of Hcrkcmer
CO. N. YorL It vv.is taken from German
Flats, and incorporated in i;y6 and has
1445 inhabitants.
IVarren, z townfliip of Conne<£bcut, in
Litchlield co. between the tou-nfliipn of
Kent and Litchtiuld, having logj inhabit-
ants.
H^arren, a county of Georgi.a cor taining
8329 inhabitants, of wliom 2058 are (laves.
IVarren, a county in the State of Ohio.
IVarren, a county of Pcnnlylvania, con-
taining 615,680 acres, and 233 »iihal">it»
ants ; bounded W by Crawford and Eric,
N by N. York, E by Lycoming, and S by
Venango. Chief town, M'^arren.
IVsrren, a county of Kentucky, bounded
E by Barren county, N by H.iidin, N W
by Ohio co. W by Logan, and S by Ten-
elfee. It is interfedled by Great Barren
river. The inhabitants are 4645, of
whom 417 are Haves.
Warren t Fnint, on the coaft of Nova
Scotia, is on the E fide of Chebu<fVo Har-
bour, about 2 miles E of the town of Hal-
ifax. It is at the entrance of a crtck,
which receives Saw Mill river and other
flreams.
fVarrenton, a poft town in Warren co.
683 miles from Wafliington, the capital
of the United States.
fVnrrington, the name of two townfliips
of Pennfylvania ; the cue in York co. the
other in Buck's co.
ff^arfi^
U
. t*i
S
\*^n
WAS
WAS^
fVarfjw, or Wajfaiu, an Ifland and
found on the coan: of Georgia, between
the mouth of Savannah river and that of
Ogeechee. The itland forms the N fide
of Offabaw Sound ;":being in a N £ direc-
tion from Oifabaw Iflaud. Warfaw Sound
is formed by the northern end of the ifl-
and of its name, and the fouthern end of
Tybeelfland.
Warva'uk, a county of Virginia, bound-
ed N by York cbunty, and S by James'
jriver, ivhidi fcparates it from Ifle of
Wight and Nanfemond counties. It is
the oldeft county of the State, having
been e(Ubli{hed in 1628. It contains 63 j
/ree inhabitants, and 1024 flaves.
, War-wick, a townHiip of MaiTachufetts,
in Hampshire CO. incorporated in 1763.
It contains 1233 inhabitants. It is bound-
ed N by N. HampHiire, not far £ of Con-
neAicut river, and is So miles N W of
•Bofton.
Warwuiek, the chief town of Kent co.
Rhode Ifland, at the head of Narraganfct
Bay, on the W fide ; about 8 miles S of
Providence. The township contains 25 3 2
'inhabitants, including 1 7 flaves. A cot-
ton manufadtory has been cllablifhed in
.this town upon an extenfive fcale. One
of Arkwright's machines was eretSted here
in Auguft, 1795 ; and the yarn produced
anfwers the mod fanguine expedlation.
-This town was the birth place of the cel-
ebrated Gen. Green.
IVarvuiek, a towmdiip of N. York,
Orange co. bounded E by New Cornwall,
and S by the State of N. Jerfty. It con-
tains 3816 inhabitants ; and lies 274 miles
from Wadiington.
War-wict, the name of two townfliips
of Pennfylvania ; the one in Butk's co.
the other in that of Lancader. In the
latter is the fine Moravian fcttlement call-
ed Litiz ; which fee.
IVariviei, a poft town of Maryland,
Cecil CO. on the eaftern fliore of Chefa-
pe.i . Bay ; about 14 miles ibutherly of
JElkton, 8 N E of Georgetown Crofs Roads,
57 S W of Philadelphia, and 113 from
Wafliington.
fVnr-uiet, a fmall town of Chefterfield
CO. Virginia ; agreeably fituatcd on the
S W fide of James* river, about 7 miles S
S E of Richmond, and 17 N of Peterlburg.
Veflels of 250 tons burden can come to
this town. In 1781, Benedict Arnold
deflroyed many veflels in the river and
on the (locks at tliis place
JVaJhingtoH, a county of Maine, and the
»oft eiftcrly part of the United States.
It is bounded S by the ocean, W by Han-
cock CO. N by L. Canada, and £ by Ne«r
Brunfwick. It was eredled into a coun*
ty in 1789 ; the only towns yet incorpo-
rated are Machias, Steuben, Columbia,
Addifon, Harrington, and Eaftport. The
coaft abounds with excellent harbours.
Although the winters are long and fevere ;
yet the foil and produdlions are but little
inferior to the other counties. The num-
ber of inhabitants in this county is 4436.
Chief town, Machias.
V/aJhington, a maritime county of Rhode
Ifland ; bounded N by Kent, S by. the
Atlantic Ocean ; W by Connedlicut, and
£ by Narraganfet Bay. It is divided iu-
to 7 townOiips, and contains 16,135 in-
habitants. Chief town, South Kingftown.
W-iJbington, acounty of N. York; bound-
ed N by Eflex co. S by Renflelaer, S W
by Saratoga, W by Hudlon river, and E
by Vermont. It contains 35^574 inhab-
itants. Salem is the chief town-
» fVciJhingtou, a county of Pennfylvania ;
fituated in the S W corner of the State.
The divifion line is as follows, " beginning
on the Monongahela River at the mouth
of Ten mile creek; up faid Creek to Wal-
laes mill ; thence South wefterly to the
tidge between the N and S forks ; thence
along the ridge to the ridge between
Whalingand Ten mile ; thence in a ftraight
line to the head of Enlows branch of
Whaling ; thence down the fame to the
W boundary line of the State ; thence
round to the place of beginning." It is
agreeably divcrfiiied with hills, which ad-
mit of eafy cultivation quite to their fum-
mits. It is divided into 22 townfhips,
and contains 28,298 inhabitants. Mines
of copper and iron ore h.ave been found
in this county.
IVaJbington, the capital of the above co.
and a poll town, is fituatcd on a branch
of Charter's Creek, wliich falls into Ohio
river, a few miles below Pittfburg. It
contains a brick court lioufc, a ftonc gaol,
a large brick building fur the public offi-
ces. A collcjie has been eflablifhed here
with a fund of feveral 1000 acres of land.
Here are nearly 100 dwelling houfes. It is
22 miles S S W of Pittlburg; 2a N W of
Brownfville, 60 miles N by W of Morgan-
town, in Virginia, 325 W by N of Phila-
delphia, and 274 from Wamington. N
lat. 40 13, W Ion. 80 6 40. It is remark-
able for its manufadlures. There are
3 other towiifliips of the fame name in
Pennfylvania, viz. in Fayette, Franklin,
and WcllmoreUnd counties.
WAS
WAS
o a coun>
IVaJh'tn^lon, a county of Maryland, on
the weAern lliore ut Chcfapcak Bay ;
bounded N by the State of Pennfylvania ;
E by Frederick co. from which it is divid-
ed by S. Mountain ; S W by Patowmack
river, which divides it from Virginia, and
W by Sideling Hill Creek, which i'cparatC3.
It from Alleghany co. This is called the
garden of Maryland, lying principally
between the North and South Mountains,
and includes the rich, fertile, and well cul-
tivated valley of Conegochcague. Its
dreams furnilli excellent mill feats, and
the lands are thought to be the mod fer-
tile in the State. Limcflone and iron
ore are found here. Furnaces and forges
have been eredtcd, and coniiderablc quan-
tities of pig and bar iron are maunfadtur-
ed. Chief town, Elizabeth Town. It
contains 18,850 inhabitants and 2200 be-
ing flavei.
tVaJbin^toH, a CO. of Virginia ; bounded
E and N E by Wythe ; N W by Ruffcl ;
S by the State of N. Carolina, and W by
Lee. It is watered by the dreams which
/orm Holfton, Clinch and Powell's rivers.
There is a natural bridge in tliis county
fimilar to that in Rockbridge county. It
is on Stock Creek, a branch of Pelefon
river. It contains 8357 free inhabitants,
and 817 flavcs. Chief town, Abingdon.
IVaJhington, a c&uaty of the Miflilippi
Territory coutaiuing 1250 inhabitants,
of whom 497 are (laves.
Wajbiitgtan, a CO. of N. Carolina contain-
ing %iGs inhabitants of whom 645 arc
(laves ; at the court houfe there is a poll
oilice.
IVaJhin^ton, formerly a diftrisfl of the
Upper Country of S. Carolinn, perhaps
the moll hilly and mountainous in the
State. Now divided into Greenville,
and Pendleton didriii^s, which fee. A
number of old deferted Indian towns of
the Cherokee nation, are frequently met
with on the Keowee river, and its tributa-
ry Arcams which water this country.
Wajhinsrtou, a county of Kentucky,
bounded K E by Mercer, N W by Nclfon,
S E by Lincoln, and W by Hardm. Con-
taining 8887 inhabitants ;i38abcing (laves.
H^afiingtoa, a county of Teneffee. Wafli-
ington college is eAablifhed in this county
by the legiHature. It contains 6377 in-
habitants, of whom 533 are (laves.
Wajhington, a county of the State of
Ohio, eredled in 1788 within the follow-
ing boundaries, viz. beginning on the
bank of the Ohio where the weAcrn line
of Pennfylvania croflTes it, and running
v4th that lioo to Lake Erie ; thence ^long
the fouthern fhore of that lak« to ]lie
mouth of Cayahoga river, and up that
river to the portage between it and the
Tulcarawa branch of Muflcingum ; thence
down that branch to the forks of the croft-
ing place above Fort Lawrence ; thence
with a line to be drawn weAeriy to the
portage on that branch of the Big Miami,
on which the fort Aood which w:ti taken
from the French in 175a, until it meets
the road from the Lower Shawancfe town
to Sandulky ; thence S to the Sciota R. to
the mou:I#, and thence up the Ohio to the
place of beginning. It has Gncc been di-
vided, andnow contains 5427 inhabitants.
^•^.//Z/«^/c», a county of the U. Diftriifk
of Georgia, which contains 15 towns and
10,300 inhabitants, including 2668 flavcs.
Fort Fidus is lituated in the wefternmoft
part of the county on the £ branch of
Alatamaha river. The county is bound-
ed on the N E by Ogcechee river. Num-
bers have removed here from Wilkes co.
to cultivate cotton in preference to tobac-
co. This produce, though in its infan-
cy, amounted to 2o8,ocolbs. weight in
1 79 J. Chief town, Golphinton.
n'ujbington, a town in Scott co. Ken-
tucky, has 5 70 inhabitants.
Wojhington, a town of Beaufort co. N.
Carolina, containing 601 inhabitants.
IVaJkington, a townfliip of Vermont,
Orange co. i a miles W of Bradford, and
contains 510 inhabitants.
IVoJhingtctt, a townfliipof MalTachufctts,
in Bcrkfhire co. 7 miles S E of Piltsiicld,
8 E of Lenox, and 145 W of BoAon. It
was incorporated in 1777, and contains
914 inhabitants.
Wi;/j;'jiif/(j«,a townfliipof N. York, Dutcli-
efs CO. bounded S by Beukman, and W by
Poughkeeplie and Clinton. It contains
2666 inhabitant.';.
M^ti/ii/igion,&pi)(i town of N.H.impfliire,
Chtfliire co. firA called Camden. It was
incorporated in 1776, and contains 819
inhabitants ; it is 12 or 14 miles E of
Charlcdown.
IVaJhington, a townfliip of Conncdlicut,
in Litchlield co. about 7 miles S W of
Litchfield. It has 1568 inhabitants.
IViiJbir^ton Parljh, in Virginia, on the
Patowmac, about 50 miles from its mouth.
Here the Grandfather of Gen. Walhing-
ton, when he came from England in 1657,
took up an cxtcniive tradt of uncultivat-
ed land. Here is the feat of Col. Walh-
ington, nephew of the (Jeneral, and here
with pride are (hewn the ruins of the
houfe where IV.iJbingtoiif " the Man of the
Age" Via.'< born. A number of Gcatlcmea
• have
|i|rl
!i: m
WAS
WAS
have it ia contemplation to ere A a mon<
ument on the fpot.
W.iJbingtoH, a port of entry and port
town of N. Carolina, in Beaufort en. on
the N fide of Tar river, in lat. 35 30 N,
90 miles from Ocrecock Inlet, 40 from
the mouth of Tar river, 61 S S W of Ed-
enton, 38 N by E of Newhern, 131 N E
by N of Wilmington, 460 from Philadel-
phia, and 31 1 from Wafliington City.
It contains a court houfe, gaol, about So
houfes,and 601 inhabitants, from this
town are exported tobacco of the Peterf-
burg quality, pork, beef, Indian corn,
peas, beans, pitch, tar, turpentine, rofin,
&c. alfo pine boards, fliingles, and oak
ftaves. About 130 veflels enter annually
at the cuftom houfe in this town. The
exports for a year, ending the 30th of
September, 17941 amounted to 33,684
dollars.
Wajh'mgten, a poft town of Kentucky,
and the capital of Mafon county, about 3
miles S by "N of the landing at Limedone,
on the S fide of Ohio river. It contains
about 100 houfes,and 570 inhabitants ; a
Prefbyterian church, a handfome court
houfe and gaol ; and is fad incrcafing in
importance. It is 6z miles N E of Lex-
ington, 75 N E by E of Frankfot t, 700 S
W by W of Philadelphia, and 488 from
Walhington City. N lat. 38 40, W Ion.
84 3»-
IVaJbingtoH Court Houfe, m S- Carohna,
is 10 miles from Greenville, and 16 from
Pendleton.
Wajhlngton, a poft town of Georgia, and
the capital of Wilkes co. 50 miles N W by
W of Augulta, j8 N by W of Louifvillc,
48 from Grecnfborough, and 646 from
Wafliington city. It flands on the weft-
ern fide of Kettle Creek, a N branch of
I.ittle river, which empties into Savannah
river from the £, about 36 miles E of the
town. It is regularly laid out, and con-
tained in 1788, 34 houfes, a court houfe,
gaol, and academy. The funds of the
academy amount to about 800I. Ilerling,
and the number of ftudents to between
60 and 70 On the £ fide of the town,
a mile and a half diftant, is a medicinal
fpring, which rifes from a hollow tree
4 or 5 feet in length. The infide of the
tree is covered with a coat of matter an
inch thick, and the leaves around the
fpring are incrufted with a fubftance as
white as fnow. N lat. 33 la.
WafilngtoH City, in the territory of Co-
lumbia, was ceded by the State of Virginia
and Maryland to the Uaked State, and
by them eftabliflied as the feat of their
government, after the year i8oo. This
city flands at the junAion of the river
Patowraack, and the Eaftern Branch, lat.
38 53 N, extending nearly 4 miles up
each. For although the land in general
appears level, yet by gentle and gradual
fwellings, a variety of elegant profpc»Sts
are produced, and a fuHicient defcent
formed for convcyiflg off the water occa-
iloned by raiu. Within the limits of the
city are a great number of excellent
fprings ; and by digging wells, water of
the befl quality may readily be had. Be-
fide, the never failing (Ircams that now
rnn through that territory, may alfo be
cnllcfted for the ufe of the city. The wa-
ters of Reedy Branch, and of Tiber Creek,
may be conveyed to the Prefident*s houfe.
The fource of Tiber Creek is elevated
about 236 feet above the level of the tide
in faid Creek. The perpendicular height
of the ground on which the capitol (lands,
is 78 feet above the level of the tide in
Tiber Creek. The water of Tiber Creek
may therefore be conveyed to the capi-
tol, and after watering that part of the
city, may be dcftined to other ufeful pur-
pofes. The Eafiern Branch forms a fafc
and commodious harbour, being fufficient-
ly deep far the largcfi fliips, for about 4
miles above its mouth, while the channel
lies clofe along the bank adjoining the
city, and affords a large and convenient
harbour. The Patowmack, although only
navigable for fmall craft, for a copfidera-
ble diftance from its banks next the city,
(excepting about half a mile above the
jund):ion of the rivers) will neverthelefs
afford a capacious fummer harbour ; as n
great number of (hips may ride in the
great channel, oppofite to, and below the
city. The fituation of this metropolis is
upon the great poft road, equi difiant from
the northern and fouthem extremities of
the Union, and nearly fo from the Atlan-
tic and Pittfburg, upon the beft naviga-
tion, and in the midft of a commercial
territory, probably the richeft, and com-
manding the moit exfenfi^e internal re-
fource of any in America. Ji has there-
fore many advantages to recommend it,
as an eligible pl«ce for the permanent feat
of the general government. The jrfan of
this city appears to contain fome import-
ant improvements upon that of the beft
planned cities in the world, combining, in
a remarkable degree, convenience, regu-
larity, elegance ofpfofped);, and a free cir-
culation of air. Thepofitionsof the dif-
^.™,.., ,..,„.», , .,..« . ^ ^ fiertnt
K,
WAS
WAS
ftrent public edifices, and for the fevera\
Dquares and areas ot diflfercnt fhnpe« as
they are laid down, were iirft determined
on the mod advantageous ground, cum-
nianding the mod extenlive profpetEb, and
from tlieir fituation, fufceptible of I'uch
improvements as either ufe or ornament
may hereafter require The capitDl is
fituated ona mod beautiful eminence, com-
manding a complete view of every part of
the city, and of a confideralile part of the
country around. The Prefident's houfe
(lands on a rifing ground, poirefring a de-
lightful water profpetSl, together with a
commanding view of the capitol, and the
mod material parts of the city. Lines or
avenues of diredt communication, have
been devifed to conneifl the mod didant
and important objedls. I'hefe tranfverfc
avenues, or diagonal dreets, arc laid out
on the mod advantageous giound for prof*
pedt and convenience, and arc calculated
DOt only to produce a variety of charming
profpe(5ts,but greatly to facihtate t' ^ com-
munication throughout the city. Nand
S lines, interfeciiled by othets running due
E and W, make the didribution of the city
into dreets, fquarcs, &c. and thofe lines
have been fo combined, as to meet at cer-
tain given points, with the divergent ave-
nues, fo as to form, on the [paces/rp dettr-
mined, the different fquares or areas. The
grand avenues, and fuch dreets as lead
immediately to public places, are from
130 to 160 feet wide, and may be conven-
iently divided into foot ways, a walk plant-
ed with trees on each iide, and a paved
way for carriages. The other dreets are
from 90 to no feet wide. In order to
execute this plan, Mr. Ellicott drew a true
meridional line by celedial obfervation,
which pafles through the area intended for
the capitol. This line he crofTed by an-
other, running due £ and 3V, which pafles
through the lame area. Thc'fe lines were
accurately meafured and made the bafes
on which the whole plan was executed.
He ran all the lines by a tranfit indru-
ment, and determined the acute angles by
adtual meafurement, leaving nothing to
the uncertainty of the compafs. The city
contained in 1803, about 880 houfes, 350
of brick, and a few of done, the red arc
of wood ; many of thefe houfes are large
and handfome. Thefe buildings are in 5
Xeparate diviitons or villages, one is near
the capitol, one near the navy yard,
one at Greenleafs Point, one near the
' Prefident's houfe, and one near George-
ik>wa. This lad it die fouUed, aod that
at Greenlears Point is the mod foliiar^.
Of 7 ranges of building!!, e.nch having from
4 to 4 tenements, a imd 3 dories high,
not more than z are inhabited, all tlie oth-
er lar^e and elegant buildings are falling
into ruins. Of a6 brick lH)ui"e8, 2 dories
high near the capitol, not mure than 3 or
4 are habitable. The others arc rapidly
decaying. There are 3 places for pubKc
worfliip.one for Roinau Catholics, one for
Bapt ds, and one for Kpifcopaliaus. Dur-
ing the feilion of Congrtfs the chaplains
are permitted to preach in the repreienta-
tivcs' room. The hall ot the trcafury de-
partment is alfo occafionallyufed for public
worfhip. The PreCdent's I'ioufc is 170 by
8 J fett, two dories high It is built of free
white done, the roof covertd with flate.
The plan of the capitol is to prefent, when
completed, a front of 36* feet, but only
the N wing is yet eretSted. The Hotel
dands at the corner of 7th and 8lh drcctst,
txtcndirg 60 feet on the fud, lao on the
other. The building is of brick, the
bafement is of cut white done, 10 feet
high, half of which is under ground. It
is three dories high ; the fird and ftcond
are 14 feet high, the third is eleven. The
gaol is IOC feet by a6, two dories high, the
lird 9 the fecond 8 feet high. In the ci-
ty are three market houfes. At the navy
yard are three large brick buildings for
the reception of naval dores. Barracks
arc crc«fted for the marines, having a
front of 3C0 feet. A canal, connet^ing
Tiber creek with the EaHern Branch, hat
been partially executed for a number of
years ; the tide flows into it 5 or 6 inches
deep. At Greenleafs Point is a powder
magazine and a guard houfe. Two
bridges are built over Rock crtck, which
divides the city from Georgetown. The
bridge neat the mouth of the creek has
three arches, is about 135 feet in length,
and 36 wide. The other, 630 yards a-
bove, is fupported by pilcs,is about %io
feet long and 18 wide. Tlie iniblic offi-
ces occupy two buildings, each about 450
feet from the Preiident's houfe, and hav-
ing a front of iio feet, 60 feet wide, two
dories high, with a white done bafement
5 or 6 feet above the furfacc of the
ground ; each dory is 16 feet high. The
trcafury department has ere^ed two
buildings, each two dories high, for the ac-
commodationof itsmeffeogers,&c. Wafh-
ington, is feparated from Georgetown, in
Montgomery co. Maryland, on the W by
Rock Creek, but that town is now with-
in the territory of Columbia. It is 42
«ule«
WAS
WAT
Wilfs S W by S of Baltimore, 876 from
PaiTimaquoiIcly* in the diftritn: of Miine,
500 from Boftun, 248 from N.York, 144
from Philadelphia, 133 from Richmond,
in Virgioia, ajj from Halifax, in N. Car-
ulina, 630 from Charleftcn, S. Carolina,
and 794 from Savannah, in Georgia.
WiifilngttH College, iu Maryland, iia:
Cbejiertotun,
IVaJbingtcn D'friH, the territory in Tcn-
elTce, over which the jurifdiiftion of the
Superior Court of law and equity extends,
contains the counties of .Sulivan, Wafliing-
ton. Green, Hawkins and Carter. It has
35,583 inhabitants, including 2514 ijavcs.
Wajlington, a port town in Culpepper co.
Virginia, 79 miles from Walliington City.
W'ajhlngton, Fart, in the ftatc of Ohio, is
fituated on the N hank of the rivtr O-
hio, weft ward of iJttle Miami river, and
45 miles N W of Wafliington, in Ken-
tucky. See Cincinnati.
tVnJhinalon, Mount, a fmall tOwnftlip of
Maffachulctts, Berkfliire co. in the S W
corner of the date, it was incorporated in
1779, and contains 914 inhabitants.
ti^iiJhingtoH, Mount, onc of the \Vhite
Mountains of N. Hampfhire, which
makes fo majeftic an appearance all a-
long the fliorc of the eaftern counties of
MafTachufetts. See tP'lite Mountjins.
Wajhington't JJlands, on the N \V coaft
•f N. America. The largeft is of a trian-
gular fliape, the point ending on the
fouthward at Cape St. James's, in N lat.
51 58. Sandy Point, at its N £ extremi-
ty, is in lat. 54 a» N. Its longitude W
extends from Hope Point, the N W ex-
tremity, 126 37, to Saniy Point, in ii8
45. Port Ingraham, Perkins, and Magee
Sound, lie on the weflc rn fide of the ifl-
aud ; on the eaftern ii'ie are the following
ports from N to S ; Skeetkifs, or Skitkifs
Harbour, Port Cummafliawa, Kleiws
Poin'., Smoke Port, Kanfkccno Point,
Port Geyers, Port Ucah, and Port Stur-
gii. Capt. Cook, when he .palled this ifl-
and, fuppofed it to be a part of the con-
tinent, as the weather at the time was
thick, and the wind hoifterous, which
obliged him to keep out at lea, till he
made the w«ftem cape of the continent
in about lat. $$ N. Capt. Dixon difcov-
ered thefe iflands in 1787, and named
them Queen Charlotte's Idands. Capt.
Gray difcovered them in 1789, and call-
ed them Wafliingtou's IHands. There are
three principal iflands, befide many fmall
ones, it is conjedtured that they make a
part of the Archipelago of St. Lazarus.
W.ifumafiin, an ifland in the Gulf of
St. Lawrence, on the coaft of Labrador.
N hit. 50 3, W Ion. 59 ss.
Wujj\fw If.and. bee IVarfaiv.
Wataguaki IJlet, on the coaft of I<abra«
dor, and in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, lie
near the fliore, N E of Ouapitougan Ifle,
and S W of Little Mecatina, about 10 or
12 leagues from each.
IVatiiuga, a river of Tcneffce, whic!»
rifes in Burke county, N. Carolina, and
falls into Hulfton river, 15 miles above
'Lon;; I.
IVutch P0i.1t, lies to the northward of
Fifl.i'r's Ifland, in Long Ifland Sound, and
W S W 7 leagues from Block Ifland.
tratelxui, an ifland in the South Pacific
Ocean ; a beautiful I'pot, about 6 miles
long and 4 broad. N lat. 20 i, W Ion.
158 15.
Waterlorough, a port town in York co.
Maine, 580 miles from Wafliington, lyinj;
on and bounded N by Little Oflapel:
river, E by Philliplburgh and \V by
Shapleigb. The fources of the North-
erly branch of Moufom River arc in
this town, and pafs fouthcrly through
Alfred into Wells
fVaterSoKBugl), A townfliip of the diftricl
of Maine, York co. on Moufom river, i j
miles N W of Wells, and 1 10 from Bol-
ton. It w.is incorporated in 1787, and
contains 905 inhabitants.
IVaterLury, a townfliip of Vermont, iu
Chittenden co. feparated from Duxbury
on the S W by Onion river. It contains
93 inhabitants.
Waterbury, the N wcfternmofl town-
fhip of New Haven co. Conncdticut, call-
ed by the Indians MattHuck. It was fet-
tled in i67i,and is divided into the par-
ifhes of Northbury, Salem, and S. Britain.
Watiree, a branch of Santee river, S.
Carolina.
Wdterford, a town in Caledonia county,
Vermont, formerly Littleton, which fee.
Waterford, a poft town in York county.
Main:, 95 miles N of York, and 651 from
Wafliington. Crooked River runs
through this town on its N eaflerly fide,
and pafl*e« S eafterly through Otitficld
and Raymond into Sebakook pond.
Waterford, or Le Beuf, a poft town in
Crawford co. Pennfylvania, 372 miles
from Wafliington.
Waterford, a poft town in Loudon ca
Virginia, ^s miles from Wafliington.
Waterford, a new townfliip in York co.
diftridk of Mainej incorporated February,
1797-
{«*«r*'^4ivM* t«*Mr •*
Waterftrii
town-
icut, ca'.l-
was fet-
the par-
Britain,
river, S.
WAT
■ tVjierford, a new towndiip in York co.
Maine, incnrparatcd February, I797>
• Waterfi4*dy a townHiip of Gloucefter co.
New Jerfey.
Wattrfordy a ncat village of N. York, in
the townfliip of Half Moon, which fee.
^ IVatcrland, an ifland iu the S. Pacific
Ocean, fo named by Le Maire. S lat. 14
46, W long, 144 10.
fTaterguedie, or ^tchy, a fmall river
of Vermont, which empties into Connec-
ticut River in Hartland.
^ JVattrtown, a very pleafaht town in
Middlefex co. MafTachufettt, 7 miles wsft
by north-wefl of Boflon. Charles River
is navigable for boats to this town, 7
miles from its mouth in Boflon harbour.
The townfliip contains 1,091. inhabit-
ants, and was incorporateii in 1630. That
celebrated apoftle of the Indians, the,Rev.
Mr. Eliot, relates that in the year 1670,
a (Irange phenomenon appeared in a great
pond at Watertown, where the fifli all
died; and as many as rould, thrufl them-
selves on flxore, and there died. It was
climated that liot lefs than 20 cart-ioads
lay dead at once round the pond. An
eel %yas found alive in the fandy border
of the pond, and upon being cad again
into its natural clement, it wriggled oiit
again, as fad as it could, and died on the
fliore. The cattle, accudomed to the
water, rcfufed to drink it for 3 days, after
which they drank as ufual. Wheb the
4lfli began to come afliorc, before they
died, many were, taken, both by Englilh
•rind Indians, and eaten without any in-
tVaterte-um, a townfliip in Litchfield co.
ConneiSticut. It is about 26 miles N N W
of New Haven.
. tVater f^liet, an extcnfivc townfliip of
New York, Albany co. on^tlie W fide of
Hudfon River, and includes the village
6f Hamilton,, and the iflands in the river
iiearefl the W fide. It is bounded \V by
?he manor_ of RenlTelaerwyck, and con-
tained, in i; 90, tAi9 inliabitants, includ-
ing 707 flaves. In 1796. there were 600
6f the inhabitants qualified elcdtor*.
tfntland IpanJ, one of the Bahama Id-
ands in the Wed Indies. The S point is
in lat. 24 N, and long. 74 \^.
tVutfjit,Fort,'\n .S.Carolina, was fitu-
jtted on the N £ bank of Santec River,
aboiit half way between the mouth of the
Congarec and Nelfou's Fort, on the bend
of the river oppofite the Eutaw Springs,
its garrifon of 114 mti being bcfieged
ty Oen. Greene, furreadered in April,
W E A
1781. He then marched witli his maiii
force againit Camden, higher up the
river.
Wauiea^ui,3. village in the townfliip of
Sullivan, in the Didri<3 of Maine, 9 miles
from Dcfert Ifland.
IVatuafini, a village in New York, on
Rondout Kill, a branch of Walkill,7 mile*
W of New Paltz, and i a S W of Efopus.
tVavoimchtaiiot, and ^Tu-hbttvees, two In-
dian tribes, refiding chiefly between Sci-
ota and Wabafli Rivera.
tVayne, a county in the N W Territory,'
laid out in the fall nf 1796, now a terri-
torial jurifdi(AIon, having 3,206 inhab-
itants.
tVjyne, a county of N^whern didrl»;t,
N. Carolina ; bounded N by Edgecomti,
and S by Glafgow. It contains 6,133 in-
habitants, inclufive of 1,557 flaves.
IVayne, a townfliip of MifHin CO. Penn*
fylvania.
tVayne, Furt, in the N W Territory, i»
fituated at the head of the Miami of the
Lake, near the Old Miami Villages, at thd
confluence of St. Jofeph's and St. Mary**
Rivers, It is a fquare fort with badions
at each angle, with a ditch and parapet,
and could contain 500 men, but has only
300 with 16 pieces of cannon. It is ijo
miles N by W of Cincit^nati, and aoo W
by .S of Fort Defiance. The Indians ced-
ed to the U. States a tradl of land 6 mile»
fquare, where this fort dands, at the late
ttcaty of peace at Greenville.
IVaynrJhorougby a pod town of Nortit
Carolina, 24 miles from Kingdon, 50 S £
from Raleigh, and 49S from Philadelphia.
JVjyneJhorougb, a pod town in fiurk co.
Georgia, 30 miles S of Auguda, 25 N E of
Louifville. No river of confequence paf-
fes near this town ; yet being the place
where both the fuperior and inferior
courts are Held, it is iu a profperous con-
diti9n.
fVeah, a townfliip of New Hampfliirc^
fituated in Hilldiorough county, 18 miles
fouthwedtrly of Concord, 60 W of Portf-
mouth, and 70 N W of Bodon. It was
incorporated in 1^64, and contained in
1790, 1,924 inhabitants.
IVeaibenfitld, a townfliip of Windfor co.
Vermont, on the W fide of Conne<flicut
River, between Windfor on th'! N, and
Springfitid on the S. Afcutney Moun-
tain lies partly in this townfliip, and in
that of Windfor. It is a flourifliing town,
and contained in 1790 1,097 inhahitant».
Weatbttiftldy a pod town of Cnniieifli-
cut, pkafantly Gtuated in Hatitord co.
*■
W E L
WE L
on the Vf lide of ConncAieut River, 4
miles S of Hartford, 11 N of Middleton,
36 N by £ of New HaTcn, and 218 N £
of Philadelphi;!. Thii town wat fettled
in 1635 or 1636, by emigrants from Dor-
cheflier in MaiTachufetts, and has a fertile
and luxuriant foil. It confiAs of between
aoo and 300 houfet, and has a very eie-
{knt brick meeting-houfc for Congrega-
ttonalifh. The inhabinnts ;(re generally
wealthy farmers; and befide the com-
mon prnduAions of the country, raife
{Tcat quantities of onions, which arc ex-
pnrted to different parts of the U. States,
and to the Weft Indies.
JVem»eienea» Toivni, Indian villages on
XVabaHi River, deftroyed by Generals
Scott and Wilkinfon, in 17 91.
Weaviy or Wtean an Indian tribe whofe
towns lie on the ' head waters of WabaOi
River. At the treaty of Greenville they
oeded a tratfl of land, 6 miles fquare, to
the United States.
Weirvert Late, in the State of Ni York,
3 miles N W of Lake Otfego. It is a
miiex long, and i\ broad.
Wibbatnet Hivtr, in Maine, is the prin-
cipal entrance by water to the town of
Wells, in York county. Ithas abarred
karbour.
Wechquetank, a Moravian fettlement
made by the United Brethren, in Penn-
fylvania, behind the Blue Mountains.
In I7()C, the Bethlehem congregation
purchafed 1400 acres t»f land for the
ChriRi.in Indians; la 17 ^r3, it was de-
ftroycd by white favages, who inhabited
neat liancafter ; they Hkewife murdered
nrany oF the peaceable Indians- fettled
here. It was finally dedroyed by the
iVmeric^ns during die late war. It llts
about 30 miles N W by Wof Befhleheni.
Wiijenlierg, a townfliip t>f Northampton
eo. Pennsylvania.
JVeleb Mountains are fituated in Chefter
CO. Pennfylvauia, Befidcs other dreams,
Brandy wine Creek rifes here.
Welch Tiaii, a fmall territory of Penu-
fylvania.fo n>)med bccaufc firft fettled by
Welchmcn. There are a niimberof fniali
tuwns ill it, as- Havcrfopd- Wtft, Merion-
eth, &c. It is pretty thickly inhabited
by an induftrious, hardy and tliriving
people.
IV.-U ».', Sir Ttjnmai R'>es, or Ur U.'im,
a biiv or Arait in (hat part of Hucdon's
B.«y which rims up to the N round
from Cape .Soiitlianipton.upcning Iitf.vccn
lat. 6i and 6.; N. On the W or N iLorc
u a laT litad l.uid, called the Hcpc h)
C4p(,.Mi(liIlctuii, ill Ut 6u jO Nk
tViHJIeett a townfliip of Maflachufettv
in Barnftable co. on the peninfula called
Cape Cod ; S £ from Boflon, diftant by-
land 105 miles, by water 60, and from
Plymouth light-houfc 8 leagues. The
harbour is large, indented within with
cteeks, where veffels of 70 or 80 tons
may lie fafe in what is called the Deep
Hole. The land is barren, and the tim-
ber is fmall pitch-pine and oak. Before
it was incorporated in 1763, it was call-
ed the Nottb Pltcinef of Eaftham, and
was originally included in the Indian
Sleeieet and Pamit, In 17 90, it contained
II 17 inhabitants. Since the memory of
people now living, there have been in this
fmall town 30 pair of twins, befides two
births that produced three each, The
method of killing gulls in the gull houfe,
is, no doubt, an Indian invention, and al-
fo that of killing birds and fowl upon the
beach-in dark nights. The gull-houfe is
built with CTOtcliets fixed in the ground
on the beach,, and covered with poles,
the (ides being covered with flakes and
fea-weed, and the poles on the top cov-
ered with lean whala The man being
placed within, is not difcovered by the
fnwlsj and while they are contending
for and eatmg the fifh, he draws them
in one by one between the poles, until
he has- coHe<5led 40 or 50. This num-
ber has often been taken in a morning.
The method of killing fmall birds and
fowl that perch on the beach, is by mak-
ing alight; the prefent mode is with*
hog's lard in a frying pan; but the In-
dians are fuppofed to have ufed a pine
torch. Birds, in a daik night, will flock
to the light, and may be killed with a
walkiHg-cane. It- mud be curious to a
countryman who lives at a didancc
from the fea, to be acquainted with
the method of killing black- fill). Their
fizc is from 4 to 5 tons weight, when-
full grown.' When they cuine within'
the harbours, boats lurround them, and
they arc as eafily driven im fliore, as
cattle or flieep are driven on the land.
The tide leaves tliem, aud they arc ealily
killed. They ;ire a fitli of the whale
kind, and wiil average a bnrrcl of oil
tach't 400 have been rt:(;n at one time on
the fliore. Gf late years tlielc fitli rarely
cume into the h.Tr!ioiirs. The inhabit-
a«its own 25 vefl'cls froiu 30 to 100 tons,,
cmploytd in the wliale, cod, and macke-
rel I'^tbcries, and in carrying oyflers to
B.iCIon.
Wd'.s, a f.nall, but rapid river of Ver-
mont^
WEN
IT E vS
r of Ver-
mont H
tnrnnt, which, after a fliort S E cou'ff ,
■empties into ConneAicut River, below
"the Narrows, and in the N E rorner of
Newbury. Its mouth is 40 yards wide.
W>//i, a townfliip cf Vermont, Rucland
CO. between Pawlct and Poultiiey, and
contains 2,11^ inhhbitantB. I^akc St. Aiif-
•t\n lies in tliis townfliip, and is 3 miles
long, and I broad.
H''eUi. a 'loft ofMaine, York co.
on the • of its *;, about half way
between i-iddefor** jd Yoric, and 88
miles N by E of Bcfton, 441 from'Phila-
.delphia, and 575 from M''afliington. T!ms
townfliip is about 10 miles long, and 7
broad ; wa< incorporated in r6j3, And
contains 3,693 inhabitants. It is bound-
ed S E by that part of the fea called
Wells Bay, and N E by Kcontbunk Riv-
er, which feparates it from Arundel.
The fmall river Negunkct, prrhaptform-
erly Oguntiquit, has no navigation, nor
mills of any value, but noticed, about
150 years ago, as the boundary between
Tork and Wells. The lide through Pif-
cataqua Bay urges itfelf into the niarfli-
cs at Wells, a few miles E of Ncgun-
ket, and forms a harbour for fmall
vefTels. Further E in this townfliip the
fmall river Moufom is found coming
from ponds of that name about ao miles
from the fea. Several mills are upon the
river, and the inhabitants have opened a
harbour by means of a canal. Webha-
met Riv;r is the principal entrance to
this town by water.
H^ilts Bay, in the townfliip above men-
tioned, lies between Capes Porpoife and
Ueddock. The courie from the latter to
Wells Bar, is N by E 4 leagues.
H'Te/lt Falls, in Delaware River, lie 13
jni'es N W of Trenton, New Jerfey.
Wendell t a townfliip of MalVachufetfs,
Hanipfliire co. 90 miles N W of Boflon.
It was incorporated in i78i,andcontaine
737 inhabitants.
Wim/ell, a townfl)ip of N. Kampfliirc,
Chefliire co. about 15 miles N E of
Charleflowu, containing 355 iniiabitants.
It was called Saviile, before its incorpo-
ration in 1781.
JVenbam, a townfliip of Mafl'achufctti^
lEflcjc CO. between Ipfwich and Beverly ;
Zi miles N E by N of Boflon. It was in-
corporated in 1643, and contains 476 in-
ihabitants. Here is a large pond, well
\ftored with fifli, from which, and its vi-
cinity to Salem, it was called £/ion, by the
(firfl ftttlers.
WtHman, one «f ihc Gallipssi Iflands,
on the coafl of Peru, W of Cape Fran-
cifco.
IVmitvorib, a townfliip of New Hamp-
fliire,Oralt(m co. containing 488 inhabit-
ants. It was incorporated in 1766, and id
S £ of Oxford, adjoining.
Wtfct, a village of N. Jeifev, ElTex eo.
on Paflaick River, % miles N W of Ac-
quakenunk, and 5 ^W of Hackinfaclc.
Wifuttitjkmg, the Indian name cf St.
(. I.. k!ver, in Lincoln CO. Maine.
_//, or IVMtaJJijutJt, a, rivtr of Ver-
mont, has its main fource in Bromley,
about 3 miles S £ from the head ofOtctr
Creek. After receiving ,7 or 8 fmallcr
flreanis, and rtmning about 37 miles, it
falls JiUo.Connc«Slicut River at Brattle-
borough. It is the largcft of the ftreams
on theEGde of :the Green Mountains;
and at its mouth is about .15 rods wide,
and 10 or X 2 feet deep. A number of
figures, or infer iptions are yet to be feen
upon tlie rocks at the mouth of this riv-
er. Teeming to allude to the affairs of war
among the Indians.: but their rudeiicili
and awkwardnefs -denote that tlie form-
ers of them were at a great remove from
the knowledge of any alphabet.
Wejlborougb, a townfliip of MafTachu-
fetts, Worcefter co. 34 miles W S W erf
Bofton, and 13 £ of Worcefter, was iiv .
corporated in 1717, and contains 922 in* ^
habitants. Among other lingular occur-
rences in the Indiau wars, the ftrange for-
tune of Silas and Timothy Rice is worthy
of notice. They were fons of Mr. Ed-
mond Rice, one of theiirft fettlers in this
town, and carried ofFUy the Indi.ins, Au-
guft 8, 1704, the one 9, the other 7 year*
of age. They loft thoir mother tongue,
had Indian wives, and children by them,
and lived at Caanattiafra, .Silas wasnarned
Tteiiinoivt^j, and Timothy, Ofghtfomif
goi'gbton. Timothy recommcndtd himfcif
fo much .to the Indians by his penetration,
courage, Jlrength, and warlike fpirit.thit
he arrived to be the third of the 6 chitfs
of tJie Carnaivogjs. (a 1740, \tz came
down to fee his friend*. Ke \-icwed the
boufe where Mr. Rice dwelt, and tlic
place whence he with the otiier ciiildren
were captiv^ated.ofboth which he retain-
ed a clear remembrance; as he did 'ike wife
of fevcral elderly perfons who were then
living, though he had forgot the Englifli
language. He returned to Canada, and,
it is faid, was the chief who made the
fpccch to Gen. Gige, in behalf of the
Cagna wagas, after the redudinn of Mont-
real. Thefc men were alive in 1790.
MA
■\i
w r •<
W E 5
iVtJIkury, a tnwnfhip in L, Can^dfl, on :
fhf S bank; of St. Franci* River, N E of
Afcot, and had only tiirce or iuur fami-
lies in i8o,^
Wiji River Mountain, Jn N. Hanipfliiic,
in the townniip of Cheflcr'''-!d, .''t» cppo-
fitc to the iTidiith of Wtii River ; and
from this p«rt of Ot)nncclicut River to
Pi fcataqua Harbour on the E, is 90 miles,
the broadeft part of the State. Here arc
viliblc appearances of volcanic erup-
tions. Aho'it the year 17,^0, the garri-
fon of Fort Dtimmer, 4 miles diftant, was
alarnicd by frequent explolions of fire
and fmokt, emitted by the mountain.
Similar appearances have been ubferved
fnicc.
Iftji Bay, a large bay of I^nkc Superi-
or, at its wcftcrnniofl extremity, having
-the iz ides at its mouth. It receives St.
Louis River from the W.
Ifeji Bethlehem, a townfjlip of Wafllillg-
ton CO. Pcnnfylvania.
tVefl Jiridgcivater, A pofl tOWn in Ply-
fT.outh CO. Mafl'achufetti.
l^eji Cbifer, a county of New York,
bounded N by Dutchefs, 8 by Long Ifl-
and Sound, W by '' idfon River, and E
by the State of C' dticut. It includis
, Captain's in:inds, .. I all the iflandH in
the found to the E of Fro^^s Neck, and to
the northward of the main channel. It
contiirns 47413 inhabitants.
IVrJI Chefer, the chitf townfliip of the
above county; lying partly in the Sound,
about 15 miles cnfterly of N. York city.
It was much impovtriflitd in the late war,
atrd rimt.iins 997 inhibitantt-.
• W:Ji Chjl.r, ihe chief town of Chefter
ib.' Ptniiiylv,(ri>a, containing about 50
4>oul<:s,a courthoufe, (tone g;u)l, and a
■Roman' Catholic church. It is about 25
miles W of Philrtdtlphia.
lVi.Jln!y,z \ivyHo\\i\ on the fea-coaft
o*' Wal'liiiigtoii cf). Rhode IllMnd, and fcp-
ai-atcd fr'cini Stonington in Connecticut
by P;iiiratufk River, 36 miles W by S of
Nowport. The iuhabit«nt!» carry on a
hriiTc coallinjj; trade, and arc exlinfively
ertg.^gfd in the fifliery. The towulLip
contains 2,329 inhabitants.
^y.^l-rn. A towniliip of Mafrachufetts,
in the S W tnrntr of Worctflcr co. 25
iiilics E of Spriii_';lltld, and 69 3 W by S
i.t Roftun., InhH.iiiran'.M 979. '
Ji'e/iein, Fort, in M;iin< , was ereiflcd in
1752, on tljc caft lunk of the I'mall fall
which terminates the navigation of Kcn-
nflicck River. It i* 18 miles from Ta-
ciina',t full. St': li..'r,;ie,/i Hivii. It is
in the townfliip of Augiifla, Krnnfbec)^
CO. A company was incorpc^ratcd in
Feb. 1796, to build a bridge over the riv-
er at this place.
IVefietn Preeinff,\n SoiPcrfct CO. N. Jer-
fey, contained in 1790, i,87.V inhabitants.
IVe/felJ, a towufliip of Vermont, On;
leans co. S of Jay.
}VeffelJ,-i. plcafant ppfV tcwij of Maf-
facTiuictts, Hampfliire co. on thfc river of
this name, in a curious vale, 10 miles W
of Sprlngfitid, 34 £ of Stockbridgc, jz S
W of X^'^orcefter, loj W S \V of Bonon,
and 4C0 from WaHiington. It contains a
Congregational church, an academy, and
about 50 or' 60 ' c()mpa<Sl houfes. The
townfhip was incnrpotated iu x(i69, and
contains 2,185 inhabitants.
Weflfietd; a fmall river which rifes in
Berkfliire co. MafTachufetts, and runt
nearly a S £ courfe through Middlcficld,
Weftfield, and Weft Springfield, where it
empties into the Connecticut, by a mouth
about 30 yards wide.
We/fcU, a port town of New York, Sar-
atoga CO. bounded S by King(bury,and 14
by Whitehall. It contains 2 joa inhabit-
ants. It lies E of Lake George.
IVeJlfeU, in Richmond co. New York,
containing 1,208 inhabit^ints.
iV'cfJielJ, a fmali town in ElTex co. New
Jerfey, containing a Prefl)ytcri...i church,
and about 40 compaifl houfes. It is about^
7 or 8 milea W of Elizabeth Town.
IV^J! FlorUa. See Louijiana.
Wcjifotd, a townfliip of Vermont, in
Chittenden co. N E of Colchefter, adjoin-
ing, and contains 648 inhabitants;
IVeffotJ, a poll town of MalTachufetts,
in Middltfcx co. 28 miles N W of fiofton,'
and contains 1,267 inhabitants. In the'
year 179a an academy was tftahliflied
hcT.
Weji Creen-u'lcb, a townfliip in Kfnt co.
Rhode IflanJ, containing I,7J7 inhabit-
ants
IV.JIlam^ a fmall town of Virginia, Hen-
rico CO. on the N bank of Janiei' River,
6 miles N W by W of Richmond. Here'
Benedittl Arnold dcflroyed one of the
fineft foundarics for cannon in America,
and a large quantity of ftorcs and cannonj
ill Jan. 1781. '
lyfhav pton, a pofl town in Suflolk co.
New York, 329 miles from Wailiington.'
Wijihamftun, a townfliip of MaiTachu-
fetts, Hampfliire co. 7 miles wcfltrly of.
Northampton. It contains 756 inhabit-
ants.
IV Ji ffjiliur, on :h€ S coaft of the iil-
au4
York,
huretts,
Bofton,'
In the'
ia, Hen-
(' River,
. Here
of the
America,
1 cannon i
4
I .
w
•J -.*
' )
•^■^ '.
. /
'erahle
dually
( blow
^freOi
inahle
llinder
hand,
jn« t(|
•/roni
e, to-
com-
Vable
, j», it
great
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W E S
Ji^d «)f Jamaica, U to the N of Portland
>oint. There it good anchorage, but ci-
pofed to S and 8 £ wind«.
fVtJI HaviH, itp4rifli of the townfliipor
j^Tew Haven, in Connetflicut, plcafrfntly
pluatcd on the Harbour and Sound, j
milei W 8 W of the city.
Wtjl IiiJin, a multitkide of ilUnds be-
tween N. and S. America, which were I'o
pamcd at tirf), on the prefumption that
they extended fo at form a connexion
with thofe of the Bad Indies. The falla-
X of the fuppofition was Toon difcoyered ;
e name, however, has been retained,
to prevent confufion in gcojjraphical ac«
counts of the iflandt. The continent was
aU'o fomctimet called by this name, till its
Itatural divifion being more attended to, it
obtained a diftindt appellation. Sec Carii'
ii§ IJIaitdi and 4itilln. They lie in the
form of a bow, or fcmicircle, ftretching
aimed from the coad of Florida N, to the
river Oronoko, ia the main continent of
S. America. Such ait ar<,- worth cultiva-
tion, now belong to five European pow-
ert, viz. Great Britain, Spain, trance,
Holland, and Denmark.
The i^fiVj/S claim '
Jamaica, Nevis,
fiarhadoes, Montl'ctrat,
^t. Chriftophert, Barbuda,
Antigua, Anguilla,
prcnada,aud the Bermudas,
Grenadines, The lJahu(3iu iQands.
Dominical,
St. Viuctm,
Sfaia claims
Cuba Trinidad,
ii'urti) Rico, Margarctta.
The /^>ra<:i claim
(St. Domingo, or Gu»dal( upe,
Hifpaniula is St. Lticiaj
independent.) Tobago.
Miittiiiico,
The Dutch clajm
St. Eudatia, Curalluu, or Curacoa
gaba,
Dtiimatt claims
St. Croix, St. Thomas, and f>.. John's.
Sivcdcn alfo poflTcflcs
The fmall ifland of St. Btrtholomew.
The climate in tW the Weft-India ill-
ands is nearly the fapie, allowing for
thofe accidental ditVtirences which the
rever.-il iituatjons and q^alilitrti of the
|ands ihemfelyes produce. A3 they lie
within the tropics, and the fun goes quite
over their heads, pafling beyond tlie.n to
the north, and never returning farther
fruih any of then; thau about 30 decrees
to the fourh. they would he eonttnualij^
f'jbj'.-iAcd to an extreme and intolerable
heat, if the tt.ulc winds, rifinj <;radually
u the fun gatliers ftrength, did not blow-
in upon them (\on\ the Tea, and refreHi
the air in ftich a manner, as to en;4lile
them to attend their concerns even under
the titeridian fun. On the other hand,
as the night advances, a breeze l)t^ins irj
be perceived, which blows fmartly from
the land, as it were from the centre, to-
watdt the Tea, to all points of the com-
pafs at once. Dy the fame remarkable
Providence in the difpofliig of things, it
is, that when the fun hni made a great
progref* towards the tro;-;c of C.inccr,
and <ecoine* in a manner vertical, he
draws after him a v)(l hody of clouds,
which (liield them fivm his tfireiH beams,
and diflulvi'.^ into nn, cool the air, and
rcfrefl>. "he count-v, thirfty with the Icng
drought, which commonly M^vailt rr>.ni
the beginning of January > the latter
end of May. The ralu^ . 1, ke the only
diftlnJliun of feafous in t ,c Weft Ind'"* ;
the trees arc grf,' 'i *'ie whole year ror '' ;
they have no ( jid, 10 frofti, d<> f.icws,
and but rarclj fonic hail ; the ftorms of
h.iil are, however, very violent wlien they
happen, and the h.iil-ft(jnes very great and
heavy. The grand ftapic conuiiodity.of
the W. Indies is fugar, Tlie Putiugueie
were the firft who culti^'.ittd it in Amer-
ica. The jtilci of the fu.n-ir-cane is the
moft lively, ix'^tllentj ;ind the le<ift cloy*
ing fwttt in nature. They compute, that
when tliini>4 are vvtll mantjif d, the run»
and njol.illes pay the ch.ir);csof the pl.in-
tation, and the lugars arc clc^r gain. Thq
quaiitltv of rum and niolaires cxp«rt(.di.
trom all the Britifti Weft India illands in
.7X1) to all parts, was accurately as fol-
!(>v>: Rum, 9.491,177 gallons, of which
I i<^'5i4'>' gallons came to the Unite^
Slates J MolalTc.', at, I9Z gallons, of which
iuoo gitilonj came to tlu: Uiilvcd States.
The negroes in tht plantations arc fub-
fifttd at a vcryeafy rate. 'J'liis is gener-
ally by allottinj^; to each family of ti.em »,-
Imall portion of land, and allowing theni
tv.-o days in the week, Saturday and Sun-
day, to cultivate it ; foroe arefnbfiftcd ia
this manner, but others 6ud their ntgroct
a certain portion of Indian or Guineft
corn, and to fome a fait herring, or a cer-
tain poi tion of bacon or fait pork, a day,
Alt the reft of the charge coultfts in a cap,
Hiirt, a pair of breeches, and a blanket ;'
and the prcfii of their labour yields on an
average j^VQW £,13. uauually. 'I'he price
■ °f
4"
[H
'if ?J
||.| t*
Y m
WES
WES
"«jf men negroes, upon their firft arriv<i1, is
Trom £20 to £2^6 ; women and grown
hoys 50/lcfs; but fuch negro families as
•are acquainted with the buflnefs of the
tflnnds, generalJy bring aUovc £40 upon
an avera;^c one xvith another ; and there
«re inftances of a fingle negro man, expert
■in the buCnefi, bringing 150 guineas ; and
the wealth of a planter is generally com-
muted from the number of (laves he pof-
iiEfles. In the year 1787, the Moravi-
ans or Unittd Br.erhrcn, had the following
number of converted negro (laves, inde-
pendent of thofc who attended divine
fcr vice-
In Anti;TU,-i - - - 5)4^5
In St. Kitts, a new milEon - 80
In Barhadocs and Jamaica about too
,ln St. Thomas, St. Croix, and
St. John's, about - - .10,000
In S'irrhiam, (or the continent)
about ... - 400
Still living in the Weft Indies ■
and Surxinam - - 16,045
Population tftbe BtUiJh Wrft Indies.
Whites. Blacks.
Jamaica
30,000
»jo,obo
Barbadoea
r6,i67
'6a, 115
'Grenada
1, 000
43,926
Sr. Vincent
Mjo
".853
Dominica
i,»3<»
■14.967
Antigua
il.590
37,808
IVfontfcrrat
1,500
10,000
Nevis
1,000
8410
St. Chri(tophtr*»
i,9fi>o
ao435
Virgin Iflcj
I, SCO
9,000
i3ahamas
■1,000
2,a4i
'Bermudas
5,46»
4,9«9
-: Total 65,,30j 455.684
■There is lilctwife, in eieh < t the idand",
« number of perfons, of mixed blood, and
■native blacks of fret' condition. In Ja-
inaica they are retVoned at 10,000 ; and
-about the fame number in the other i(l-
«nds, taken collciiiively. The following
ftateirtertt was made in the Briti(h Houic
of Commons. Import^ from the Britifli
"VVcft Indies in T795, /!8,8co,00o fterl —
revenue arifing t!itreftom, ^1,614,000 —
Jliipping employee' in that trade, 664 vef-
iicls — tonnage, 153,000— feamen, 8,000.1
(Exports from Great Britain to the Weft
fndies, in 1794, ;^3,"00,0OO, employing
700 vtflcis— tonnage, 177,000 — feamen,
«a,00a Produce of the illands imported
4nd re-txported, /?3,7co,ooo. The fol-
lowing account of the while inhabitants,
free negroes, and fl^ve^.tn the French ifl-
aiujs is extracted t'ruin the (Idtenicnt of 1
Rf onf. Ntckar ; but it is thought that flie
negro flavcs were doubled before tl»e
coramcnctmeni of the Trench revolution.
Blackt. Slcnitf
osi i49,ogS
St. Pomingo ill 1779
Martinico In 1770
Gaiidaloiipe In 1770
St. Lucia In 1776
Tobago (ruppofed
to be the fame
«« 8t. Lucia)
Cayenne (d.A.) in 1786
%
irl.utes. f
Il,rtI9
■1.3^7
i,397
I.3S8
l,38z
1,050
71.1
as, 3*7
io,7Ji
i.ojo io,7fj
—— lo.s:;?
63,681 1 3,4x9437,736
The French writers ftate the number of
fliips employed in their Weft India trade
at 600, each on an average 300 tons—
their feamen at 15,000. Since their rev-
olution, their W. India trade is le(rened,
and is now almoft annihilated. The pro-
duce in 1785, was 160 millions of livrcs.
The W. India trade wasthought to be worth
to France about ;{^400,oco fterl. annually,
before ihe revolution. The value of the
Spanifit Weft India trade is blended with
that of America in general ; Sec Sfaniji
America. The Danilli Weft India trade
brings in a revenue to the King of Den-
mark of 133,000 dollars. The idands
are defcribed under their refpc(5live
names.
Weft Liberty, a poft town of Virginia,
and the capital of Ohio co.fltthe head of
Short Creek, 6 miles from the Ohio. It
contains above 120 houfes, a Preihyteri-
an church, a court- houfe and gaot. It
lies two miles W of the Pennfylvania line.,
18 N W of Wheeling, 23 W of Wafliing-
ton in Pennfylvania, and 348 W of Phil-
adelphia.
fVeft Main, the W fliorc of HudfonS
Bay in N. America is fo called, at leaft
that part of it called James Bay. See
Eiijf Main,
'IVeJimii'Jlerya townfliipof Worceftcr CO.
Maflachufctts, w.-is granted to thofc who
did fervice in tht Narraganfet war, or their
heirs, in 1728, and was then ftyled Nar-
rogjt.fct. No. 2. It was incorporated by
its prefent name in 1759, and contains
30,oooacresaf land, well watered, and has
1,369 inhabitants. It is fuuated on the
height of land between the rivers Merri-
mack and Conncth^icut, having ftreams
arifing in the town, and running into botli.
It is about 55 miles N W of Bofton, and
about 22 miles H of Worceftcr.
Wcftminjler, a poft town of Windham
CO. Vermont, on Conuecfticut River, op-
poUte Walpolc in New Hampfliire. k
contains 1,942 inhabitants. Sexton's Riv-
er enters the Connedlicut iu the H £ cor.-
Jier
W E S
W E S
,050 10,752
i,4»j» 437,736
net of the toTvnfhip, 18 miles N of Brat-
titborough, 18 N W of Keene, 59 N of
Northanipton, and 473 from Wafliington.
Wtfimlnfiery tlie eaftcrnmofl town of
Frederick co. Maryland, about 26 miles
N W of Baltimore, and 47 N by E of
W,ifliiugton. Here i» a pdfV office.
IVeftmore, the we(lernmi)ft town of E'"-
fex CO. Vermont. WilJoughby Lake lies
in this townfljip.
fVeflmnrtland, a county of Virginia,
bounded N and E by Paiowmack River,
which divides it from Maryland, S F. by
Northumberland, S W by Richmond, and
Why King George. It contained in 1790,
7,74a inhabitants, of whom 4425 were
Haves. 'Ihis county has the honour of
havini; j»ivtn birth to Gfcraf Wajbingiony
firft Prtllclent ofthe United States.- The
eourt-hojfc in this county is on the S
bank of Patowniac River, 10 miles N by
E of Richmond.
Wcfmurthnd, acountyof Pennfylvania,
bounded N by Lycoming, and S by Fay-
ette CO. and abounds with iron ore and
coal. It contains 14 townfliips, and
i-i,7i(> inhabitants.
WfmorelanJ, a confidcrabie townfliip
of N. Hamplhirc, Chcfliire co. on the
eaftern bank of Connecticut River, be-
tween Chcfttrfield and WaIpole,uo miles
frt)m Portfmouth. It was incorporifcd
iu t7.fl, and contains 2 066 iuhabitanrtj.
IV.JtmorelanJ, a poft town of New York,
Oheida co. taken from Whiteftown, and
incorporated in 1792. It contains 1,542
inhabitants. The centre of the town is
6 miles S of Fort Schuyler, 36 N \V of
Cooperftown, and 506 from Wafliington.
IV'JlmotflanJ, a tract of land iu Penn-
fylvania, bounded E'by Delaware River,
W by a line drawn due N and S 15 miles
W ot Wyoming on Sufqtiehannah River,
and between tli^ par!>llels of 41 and 40
degrees of N lat. was claimed by the State
of Connecticut, as withif) the limits of
their ori<final charter, ar.d in 1754 was
purchafed of thf Six Nations of Indians
by the Siifnuchannah and Delaware com-
panies, and afterwards (Vttlcd by :•. con-
liderabie colony, under tiic jurifditTiion of
ConncifVicut. Tiifs traift wm calkd IVefl-
niorelaml, and annexe.' to the county of
l,itcli!leld in Connecticut. Tli-j Penn-
fvlvanians difptited the tiairi or Connec-
ticut to thefe buds, and in tlu' prngrcfj
of this hufinefs tlicrc was much, warm
contention, and fonie bloodllied. This
anhappy difputc ha« CiJcc bceu adjufted.
!:te IVycmi/ig,
H^e/loK, a townfliip of MafTichufetts, Ttf
Middlefcx co. 15 miles W of Bofton. Ir
was incorporated in 17 12, and contains
1,027 inhabitants.
Wejlon, a townfliip of Fairfield CO. Con-
nedticut, N of Fairfield, adjoining. It has-
2,680 inliabitants.
Wejlr,n, a town in Bennington co. Ver-
mont, formed of the wcftern part of An-
dover and Benton's gore, and incorpora-
ted iu 1 799. It is contemplated to annex
Land^rove to this townfliip.
Wcflons JJlands^ groupcs of iflknds in
James' Bay.
Wcjl Point, a ftiroiig fortrefs ere<fled
during tlie rcvolutinn, cm the W bank of
HucUon River, in the .'itatcof New York^
6 miles above Anthony's Nofe, 7 below
Fifli Kill, 22 S of Poughkeepfie, and about
60 N of New York city; It is fituated in
the midft of the high lands, and is fttong-
ly fortified by nature as well as art. The
principal fort is fituated on a point of
land, formed by a fudden l)«nd in the riv-
er, and commands it, for a confiderahle
diftance.aboveand below. Fort PUtnanr
is iifuated a little further back, on an em-
inence which overlooks the other fort,and
commands a greater extent of the river.
There are a number of houfes and bar-
racks on the point near the forts. On
the oppofltc fide of the river are the ruins
of Old Fort Gon(Ktutiona.with fome bar-
racks going to decay. A number of con-
tinental troops are Rationed here to guard
the arfcnaland ftores ofthe United States,,
which are kept at this place. This fort-
refs is called the Gibraltar of America, as
by reafon of the rocky ridges, riling one
behind another, it is incapable of being
inverted by lefs than 20,000 men. The
fate of America feemed'to hover over this-
place. Bencdirt Arnold, to whom the
important charge of this fort was com-
mitted, defigned to have furrendered it to
the Britifli ; Ivnt Providence difappointcd
the treafonable defign, by the moft fifplc
means. Major Andre, a moll accom-
pliflied and ., Ilant officer, was taken»
tried, and executed as a fpy, and Arnold'
cfc.tped.
Wffp-tt, aflouriniingtrwiiniip of Brif-
tol CO. .MalTachufetts. 59 milts jbutlicrly
of Boflon. It was incorporated in 1787,
and <()ntain«; 2 361 inha[)ltants.
W jl S'mjhiiry, a parilh in Simfbury,.
Hiirtiord co. ConnciHicut, wlicre there it
A pod offici'.
W.y? Sjjfiijrfie/'/y a pod town of Mafla-
chnlctts, Harnplliire co. on the W fide of
ConncAicut
~n
% I
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i
I
if'-
liP
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f ' !
it
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W H E
Canneifiicut River, oppotitc Springfield,
about 28 miles H of Hartford, anil 100
\V S W of Bonon. In iht ccnipaifl part
are about 40 dweliing-hoiircs, and n Con-
^rcgf-itional church. The townfliip con-
tain!) ^ ppfiHics, and 2,8,35 inhabitants.
H^tfi Stocltritfge, a townlhip of Mafla-
chufetts, in Berkfliirc co. adjoining Stock-
Ijridgc on the W, and has the New York
line on the N W, 150 miles from Boflon.
William's River and its (ireams water
the townfliip, and accommodate i iron-
works, a fulling-mill, a grift-mill, and tw»>
faw-mills. Inhabitants i.oci. A few
years fince, fcveral marble quarries were
difcovered in this town, both white and
grey, which arc the property of Meflrs.
Cook, Newall & Co. They are now
wrought to confidcrabit advantage.
?'hrcc mills for fawing the marble have
ecn credted, and grave floncs, chimney
pieces, butter-prefervcrs, and plates, are
made here in great quantities, and fenr
to Hudfon, and thence to N. York, and
Bofton, to market. .
tf'J} Tawn, a towndiip in Chefter co.
itcnnfylvania, having 743 Inhabitants.
JVetbtrtfielJ. Set IP'fathenfield.
IVeimore's Tfatidy <ir /l:f IP tmore, in tlie
county of Hancock, Mafl'.ichufttts.on Pc-
nobfcot River, the fame with Orphan Ifl-
and, which fee. It belongs to William
Vetmore, Efq. is 4! miles long from N to
^, and about i^ wide, .-ird lies in 44 10 N
lat. The N end is fcparated from Bucl/-
tnvn by the caftern branch ol Pcnobfcot
River, here about fth of a mile wide, and
the S end is about 4 miles above Old Tort
Pownat. The tides rife generally .ibout 10
teet. From Fort Pownal to Frankfort the
winterSjOn account of the proliniity of the
fea, arc not more fevcre than at l^ofton ;
but Vegetation is not ib forward in flie
fpting by a fortnight. This has been
obfcrvcd and determi! Cd by the fprout-
ing and leafing of the birch tree, the
l>cfl criterion, becaufe it is the com-
mon and natural growth of the colmtry.
£xotics, fuch as the Lombardy poplar, arc
a fortnight later. Sheep and liorfts re-
quire little hay to winter them on any of
the iflands in PenA^fcot Bay ; and it is
obferved that neat catt'c do net fttjiiire
fo much as on the main by one third, .tr.d
Cometimes one half, on account of the
abundance of rock-we-d, ?,iul tiii; liulc
time the ground is covtrtd with liiow.
The winter feldom bcjriis with any fe-
Tcrity till the lafl of IVcctiihtr.
Wt^ltridgty a townftiip 01 Vcimcnt, in
Addifon co. fcparated from New Haven
on the N and E by Otter Creek. It con-
tains 502 inhabitants. Snake Mountaiti
lies nearly on the line between this towa-
fliip and that of Addifon on the W.
WeymoutbtXhe Waffagujfet oixhe Indians,
a townfhip of Maflachufetts, Norfolk co.
incorporated in 1635. It lies 14 miles S
E of BoClon, and employs fofne fmall vcf-
fels in the mackerel fifl>ery. Fore River
on the N W, and Back River on the S E,
include near one half of the townfliip.
The checfe made here is reckoned among
the belt brought to Bofton market. It is
faid to be one of the oldeft towns in the
State ; Mr. Wefton, an Englifli merchant,
having made a temporary fettlcment here
in fummer, i62'4. It contains 1,803 'U-
haViitants.
VVbalt Cov! TJland, in the northern pari?
of N. America, is the moft northerly of
two illands lying to the S of Brook Cob-
ham, or Marble Iftand, which is in lat. 6j
N. Lovegrove, t!ie other ifland, has a.
fair opening to the W of it.
H^hale Fijh IJlanJ, in the river Eflequi-
bo, on the coaft of S. America, is above
the Seven Brothers, or Seveii Iflands, and
below the Tlirce Brothers.
iVIfili IJland, at the mouth of MKen-
zie's Rivtr, in the North Sea or Ftozctt'
Ocean, on the N coaft of the N W part
of N. America. N lat. 69 14.
tVbippings Creek, a filial! creek whic^r
empties through the E bank of HudfonV
River, in the townfliip of Fifli Kill, eight
miles S of Poiighkeepfie, and 72 N of N,
York city. Here are two mills, at which
confiderable bufinefs is performed.
IV.'jaiton, a townfliip of Fayette co.
Pcnnfylvania, having 674 inhabitants. .
WLately^ii townfliip of Maffachufetts,
Hainpfl)irc CO. 10 miles N<if Northampton,
and icj from Bofton. It was incorporated
in 1.77 1, and contains 773 inhabitants.
fr^Leelinfr, a pofl town of Virginia, at'
the mouth of a creek on the E bank of
Ohio River, 12 miles above Grave Creek,
12 SW of Wtft Liberty, 54 S W of
Pittfhurg, and 312 from Wafliiiigt'on. ^ At
the mouth of the Big Kanawa, not fr./
tjom this place, a wall has beeii difcover-
ed fome fett tinder the earth, very reiru-
larly buiit, apparently the work of art.
It is 332 utiles from Philadelphia-
H'heeloik, a townfliip of Verrtbnt, in
Caiciionia co. about 20 mile* N W of
Litih ton,and contains 568 inhabitants.
W'H'flivrlgbt Cut, ,«t the N W cud of
the iflaud ol St. Ghriftopher's, in the W.
hiiJiu/
L
W H\
Indies, has Willet's Bay and Mafshoufe
Bay £, and (,'ourpon's and Convent Bays
6 W. There is a fand-bank before the
entrance, which appears to prevent £hips
from going in.
U^bennuia, one of two fmall iflands in
the South Pacific Ocean, near the ifland
of Otaha.
JVIjstflont Fort, on the N fide of Patapf-
co River, and W fide of the mouth of
Baltimore Harbour, in Maryland. It is
oppoiite Gofluch Point, %\ miles cafterly
from the Baltimore Company'siron^woiks,
at the mouth of Owin's Falls.
Wblfpany, a village of N. Jerfey, Mor-
ris CO. on a branch of Paflaick River, 5
miles N £ of Morriftown.
Whirl, or 5wi, in Tenneffee River, is a
great curioflty. From half a mile in
nidth, the river is contracted to 70 yards
as it ruflics through the Cumberland
mountain, lat. 1$ N.
tVbiie, a river or torrent ifluing from
the mountain of fulphur in the ifland of
Gaudaloupe, in the Weft Indies. It is
thus na''ed as often afliiming a white
colour from the aflies and fulphur cov-
ering it. It empties into the river St.
Louis.
White, a river of Louifiana, which joins
Arkanfas River, about 10 miles above the
fort, which Mr. Hutchins reckons 550
computed miles from New Orleans, and
660 from the fea. It has been navigated
above 1100 miles in flat-bottomed boats.
See Arkanfas.
While, a fmall river of the Indiana Ter-
ritory, which purfucs a N W, and, near
its mouth, a weftcrly courfe, and enters
Wabafli River, Vi miles below the mouth
of Chickafaw RiVer.
White, a river of Vermont, which falls
into Connecticut River about 5 miles be-
lowDartmouth College, between Norwich
and Hartford. It is from 100 to 150
J'ards wide, fome diftancefrom its mouth,
ts fourcc is in a fpring, 'vhich by means
of Onion River, communicates with Lake
Champlain. It derives its name from the
whitencfs of its water.
White Bay, on tlic E coaft of Newfound-
land, in the Machignnis River. Its N
limit is Cape d'Argent.
Woite Ciipe, or Blanco, on the W coaft
of N. Mexico, is so leagues to the N W
of Hcrradura. This cape, in lat. 10 N,
bears with tiie ifland Canoe, at N W by
W, and S E by E. and with St. Luke Ifl.
at N E by N, ami S W by S, being about
9 leagues from each.
Vv^. I. M M m m
WHl
White Deer, a townfliip of Pennfylvaniai
on Sufquchannah River.
Whitefield, or Wheatfeld, a townfliip of
Pennfylvania, Wcflinureland co. having
779 inhabitants.
White Ground^ a place in the Creek
country, 10 miles from Little Tallaflee.
Whitehall^ a townfliip of Penn North*
ampton co. having 2,o.^a inhabitants.
Whitehall, a port town of Wafliingtoo
CO. N. York, eAibracing the tradt former-
ly called Skeenflrarough. It has Fairha-
ven and Poultney in Vermont on the N
and £. It contains 1,604 inhabitants.
Whitel^yfgb, a poft town of Kent co,
Delaware, 117 miles from Wafliington.
White Marjb% a poft town of PennfyU
vania, Montgomery co. ss niiles from
Wafliington.
White MouHtaititi See I^iw Hampjhirt,
Wbiieptine^ a townfliip of Pennfylvania,
Montgomery co. having 77 1 inhabitants.
Whitt Plaint, a poft town of N. York,
Weft Chefter co. bounded eaflerly by
Mamaroneck River, and weftcrly by
Bronx River. It contains 566 inhabit-
ants. It is remarkable for a battle fought
here between the American and Britiflj
forces, on the 28th of OiStober, 1776. It
is 15 miles E by N of Kingfl>ridge, 30 II
E by N of New York.
White Point, on the coaft of Nova Sco-
tia, is about 3 leagues S W of Cape Can-
fo, and N £ of Green Point. There i»
an ifland oft" the Point that flielters Bar
riaven.
White Point, on the coaft of Cape Brew
ton Ifland, is about a mile S W of Black
Cape, near the harbour of Lnuifl)urg,
and the E point of Gabarus Bay.
While Point, in the ifland of Jamaica,
lies eaftward of White Horfe Clins, about
7 leagues E of Port Royal.
Whitens Buy, on the coaft of NeAvfound-
land. N lat. 50 17, W Ion 5;. 56 15.
White's River, on the N E coaft of Ja-
maica, is near the W limit of Port An-
tonio.
WhiteJ!own, a poft town in Oneida ro.
N. York, on the S (ide of Mohawk River,
4 miles W of Old Fort Schuyler, and 100
VV of Albany. The compaiil part of this
floiirifliing town lies on one I>cautiful
ftreet, about a mile in length, orn.imented
with trees. The houfes ?re generally
furniflied with water, condudted by pipes
laid under ground, from the neighbour-
ing hills. I'he foil of this town is re-
markably good. Nine acres of wheat in
one field, vielded on an average, 4 1 bufli-
els
i
M
m fa
M
m\
ilit|
' f ',
I
il
1 ij f»! ■
*i i
f
tvr I G
WI L
els of wheat, of 60 lb. each, an acre.
I'liis is no uncommon crop. I'his town
and its neighbourhood has been fettled
with rcmarlcabie rapidity. All thAt dif-
tri(5l: comprehended between the Oneida
Hcfcrvation, and the Qernian Flats, was
knpwn, a few years fmce, by the name
of Wilttftonvii, and no longer ago than
1785, contained two families only, thufe
of Hugh White, and Mofes Foot, Efqrs.
In 1796, there were within the fame lim-
its, 6 pariflies, with as many fettled min-
ifters, 3 full regiments of militia, i corps
of light horfe, all in uniform. In the
whole, 7,359 inhabitants, of whom 1,190
were qualified eledlors, and in iSoo^there
tvere 4,21a inhabitants in Whiteftown,
>vhich is but a fmall fcc^ion of the above
clcfcribcd diftritfL
White IVood IJland, or De Boh Blanc.
Sec Miibiilimaikinat,
Wbitirg, a townfliip of Vermont, in
Addifon CO. fcparated from I.cicefter on |
the £ by Otter Creek, and has part of |
Or well on the W. It ccntains 404 in- ,
liaLitantSi l
JVhittiMgham, a townfliip of Vermont, ,
in the S W corner of Windham co. con- i
taining 868 inhabitants. 1
IVLitfutt IJland, in the S. Pacific Ocean, i
is about 4 miles long, and 3 broad ; and '•
lb furrouaded by breakers that a beat
cannot land. S lat. 19 26, W lung. 137
56.
tyiandotsy or Wyandofs, an Indian tribe : |
inhabiting ne.ir Furt St. Jofeph, and De- ii
troit, in the N. W. Territcry, Wayne co. jj
Warriors aoo. ' M
(Viafoco, or LUtle iVia, is an outlet or ' •
arm i)t the river Gronoko.on the Wlide. \\
It hiis many brauches, which are all uav- {
•gable. {i
IVidfurd, a fmall trading village in the ij
towr.fliip of North Kingilown, Rhode-;!
lliand,and on the W fide of Narra^anfc't il
Bay ; 24 miles S of Providence, and 9 or n
»Q N "-V of New port. Here is a poft |
wffice. I'
WiefpltuaTi, a river of Louifiana, wiiich |
empties iiiU) tlu MiirilJ[;pi,22 miles above i
ihcSoutoux vilUgL-. ]
H^ietMuv, a liiK'.i-l river of Maryland, |
which rifcs in iJufllx county, Delaware, |
and cinptieb into Filliiiij^ Bay, on the tad >
fliort ot'Chcfapc.'.k Bay. |
iVi^hconiUa, a fliort navigable river of !
M.Aryland', which is tornied by Pilts and i
iMlen'b Fieiii, and', ruii.nin^q louiliward, '
empties into the Paro\Mi;ao, about 35 i
miles from its niuuih. Cub .Nctk tutKij j
liiC N iisiit bl'iu Dicuth.
IVlgbt, IJIi of. See IJIe of Wight County.-
Wight, JJIe ef; E end of Long-Ifland.
See Oardttir't IJland.
Wilbralam, a townfhip of MafTachtlo
fctts, in Hampfliire co. 10 miles £ of
Sprin. field, 30 N £ of Hartford, in Con-
nedtic rt, and 89 S W of Br<fton. It was
iucor[. rated in 1763 ; contains 2 parifli-'
cs, am 1,743 inhabitants.
Wii !, a county of the upper didridt
of Ge< gia, fcparated from S. Carolina,
on the iflward, by Savannah River, and
contain 13,103 mhabitants, including
50C8 f]; es. Tobacco is the chief pro-
duce of iiis county, of which it exported
about 3,000 hhds. in 1788. It is well
watered, &nd is famous for a medicinal
fpring, near its chief town, Wafliingtco }
which fee.
Wi/iet, a county of Morgan diflriifl, in
the N W corner of N. Carolina. It con-
tains 7,247 inhabitants, including 790
fiaves.
Wilies, a port town and chief of the
above county, $3 miles from Rockford,
45 from Morgantown,and6ix fromFhi-
ladciphia.
Wili/iarre, or Wili/iurg, a pofl town of
Pennfylvania, and chief Town of Luzerne
CO. on the S £ fide of the £ branch of
the Sufquehannah. It contains a court
houfe, gaol, and about 45 houfes. It is
67 miles N £ of Bethlehem, about the
fame didance above Sunbury, 1x8 N by
N W of Philadelphia, and 260 from
Wafliington.
Wiliet't Bay, at the N W end of the ifl-
and of St. Chriftopher's. Willet!s Gut it
at the S W coad of the fame ifland.
William, Fort, (now called Fort Indepen-
dence} was eredled on Caflle Ifland in IJof-
ton harbour, in the reign ol king William,
by Colonel Rocmer, a famous ;;:ngineer.
When the Britifh troops cvac.iated Bof-
ton, hi March, 1776, the fortificationc
were blown up, but were foon after re-
paired, and have fince been built at a
great expcnfe by the government of the
United States. This ifland contains about
18 acres of land, diflanl 3 m<les from the
town of Boflon.-
JVilliums, a townfliip in Northamptoa
CO. Pennfylvania.
IVilliattts Sound, Prince, on the N W
coatk of N. Apicica. Its E point is in
laL 60 19 N, and long. 146 si ^> ^o^
Cape Elizabeth which is its W point,
and the £ point of Cook's River, is in lat.
59 10, and long. 15* 15.
Wimawjbotougb^ a poft town of N. Car-
olina,
W I L
olina, and capital of Granville co. plcaf-
antly fituated on a creek which falls into
the Roanoke. It carries on a briflc trade
with the back counties, and contains be-
tween 30 and 40 houfcs, a court h'mfe,
gaol, and flourifliing academy. It is 17
miles from Warrenton, 48 N E of Hillf-
borough, 56 W N W of Ha'' " x, and 2S7
from Wafliington.
IVtlliaaJburg, a CO, of Virgimaibctwccn
Toik and James' Rivers, and was joined
in the enumeration of inhabitants, in
1 7 90, with York co. Thefc together con-
tained 5,133 inhabitants.
Willianijburttby a townlliipof Maflachu-
fettsi Hamplljire co. on the W fide of
Conneclicut River, having Hatfield on
the E. It contains a handfomc Congre-
gational church, and 1,176 inhabitants.
In the year 1760, this townfliip was a wil-
dernefs. It lies 7 miles from Conne<£licut
River, 8 N W of Northampton, and 108
W of Bodon.
IViiliamJburgl, a port town of N. York,
Ontario co. on the E fide of Geneffec
River, and between that and Cancfus
X^ake, 30 miles S W of Canandarquc, 40
N W of Bath, 98 N W of Athens or Tio-
ga Point, and 288 N wefterly of Phila-
delphia.
iVilliamJburg, called alfo yonefiown, a
pod town of Pennfylvania, Dauphine co.
at the jundlion of Little Swatara with
jwatara River. It has a German Luther-
an and Calvinifl church, and about 40
dwelling lioufes. It is 23 miles N £ by
E of Harrilburg, and 89 N W of Phila-
delphia. — Alfo, the name of a tovnfhip
in Luzerne county.
IVilliamJhurg, a poll town on the Little
Miami, in Clermont co. Ohio, 483 miles
from Walhington.
WiiUamfburg, a village of Maryland, in
Talbot county, 5 miles N E of Eadon,
and 4 N W of KingVTown.
tyuiiam/iurg, a poft»town of Virginia,
lies 60 miles eaftward of Richmond, fitu-
ated between two creeks, one falling into
James, the other into York River, The
diftance of each landing-place is about a
mile from the town. During the regal
government it was propoled to unite thefe
creeks by a canal palling throu<rh the
centre of the town ; but the removal of
the feat of government rendered it no
longer an objetTl of importance. It con-
tains about 200 houfcs, and has about
X400 inhabitants. It is regularly laid
out in parallel drects, with a plcafant
f(}U(tre in the centre of about ten acres,
W I L
through which runs the principal A^Lt
£ and W, about a mile in length, md
more than 100 feet wide. At the ends'
of this IFreet arc two public building*,
the college and capitol. Befides tliei'e
there is an Epifcopal church, a prifon, h
cjouri houfe, a maga/ine, now occupied
as a market, and a hofpital for lunatics,
calculated to accommodate between ao
and 30 patients, in ftparate rooms or
cells. The houle is ne.Ttly kept, and the
patients w<,ll attended. The houfii of
the prcfident of the college, occupied as
an hofpital by the French army, was
burnt in the war, but has been rebuilt at
the expenfe of the Trench government.
In the capitol is a large marble Aatue, of
Narbone Berkley, Lord Botetourt, a man
difiinguiHied for his love of piety, litera-
ture, and good government, and former-
ly governor of Virginia. It was erected
at the expenfe of the .State, fome time
fincc the year 177 1. The capitol is lit-
tle better than in ruins, and this elegant
fiatue is expofcd to the rudencfs of ne-
groes and boys, and is fliamefully defa-
ced. The college of William and Mary
fixed here, was founded in the time of
king William and queen Mary, who
granted to it 20,000 acres of land, and
a penny a pound duty on certain tobac-
cocs exported from Virginia and Mary-
land, which had been levied by the (latute
of 25 Car. a. The aflembly alfo gave it,
by temporary laws, a duty on liquors
imported, and fkins and furs exported.
From thefe reCources it received upwards
of 3,oool. The buildings are of brick,
fufiicient for an indifTercrtt accommoda-
tion of perhaps 100 fludents, but tliere
are not generally more than 40. By its
charter, it was to be under the govern'*
ment of 20 vifitors, who were to be its
legiflators, and to h.ive a prefident and
fix profeflbrs, who were incorporated.
It was allowed a rcprefentative in the
general aflembly. Under this charter, a
profeflbrfliio of the Greek and Latin lan-
guages, a profeiTorfliip of mathematics,
one of moral philofophy, and two of di-
vinity, were eft-'ibliflied. To thefc were
annexed, for a fixth protefibrfliip, a con-
liderable donation by a Mr. Boyle of
England, for the inftruc'lion of the Indians,
and their convcrfion toChriftianity. This
was called the profeflorfliipof Br;i(Terton,
from an t flate of that name in F.ngland,
purchafcd with the monies given. A
court of Ai'miralty fits here whenever a
controvcrr arifcs. It is i a miles E of
York
il
■i,;i\
LI
l\:
i\]
^1} fi-
ll
!l
>! (
i^i ^
W I L
W I L
yil^ Town, 60 E of Richmond, 48 N W
Of Norfolk, and 338 S S W of Philadelphia.
Leaft heat hcrCi 6 o
Mean heat, 60 8
Created heat, 98 o
N lat. 37 16, W long. 76 48.
William/port, A pod town of Maryland,
Wafliington co. on the N fide of Patow-
mack River, at the mouth of Conego-
cheague Creek, 8 miles S uf the Pennfyl-
vania line, 6 S W of Hagarflown, 37 N
by E of Winchefter, in Virginia, a8 S by
W of Chamberfljurg, and i jj W by S of
Philadelphia.
Williamffott, a poft town of Lycom-
ing CO. Pcnnfylvania, (lands on the N fide
of the W branch of the Sufquehannah,
38 miles above Nurthumbcrlriitd. It con-
tains about 30 houfcs, and is a flourifli-
ing place.
WitliamfoH, a tdwnfliip of N. York, On-
tario CO. In 1796, there were 142 of its
inhabitants eledlors.
IViltiamfon, a county of Mero diftridl,
TenneiTcc, containing 2,863 inhabitants,
of whom 693 are flavcs.
Williamjioivn, a poft town of Vermont,
Orange co. on the height of land between
Conne<5ticut River and Lake Champiain,
about 45 miles fro: the former, and 50
from the latter. It is bounded £ by
Wafliington, and W by Northlield, and
contains 839 inhabitants. Stephen's
Branch, a llream which runs N to On-
ion River, rifes in this townihip.
IVilliam/loivn, a mountainous poft town
of Maffachufetts, in the N W corner of
the State, and in Berkfliire co. contain-
ing 2,o86 inhat)itants. It is well water-
ed by Hnofack and Green Rivers, the
former of which is here 8 rods wide.
On thefeftreams are 4 grift-mills, 3 faw-
mills, and a fulling-mill. The main coun-
ty road pafTes through it. Col. £phraini
Williams laid the foundation of an acad-
emy fevcral years fincc, and endowed it
by a handfoine donation of lands. In
1790, partly by lottery, and partly by
the libetal donation of gentlemen in the
town, a brick tdificc was crc<fteil 82 ftet
by 42, and four ftorics high, containing
44 rooms for ftudents, a large fchool-
rocm, a dining-hall, and a room for pub»'
lie fpeaking. Another handfome brick
building has fince been huilt. In 1793,
this academy was ercdted into a college,
by an xlX <it the IcgKlatiire, by the name
CiilVilliams' Cofli-ge, in honour to its tihtr
al founder. The languages and I'eicnccs
wfualiy taught iu the American colitgcs
are taught here. Board, tuition and oth«^
er expenfes of education are very low j
and from its dtuation and other circum-
ftances, it is likely to become an inftitu*
tion of great utility and importance. The
lirft public commencement was held at
this college in September, 1795. In 1796,
the Icgillaturc granted two townfliips of
land to Williams' College. There were,
in 1796, roi Jtludents in the four clafTes,
bcddes 30 pupils in the academy con-
ntfSted with the college. A company wag
incorporated the year abovementioned,
to bring water in pipes into the town
ftrect. It is 28 miles N of Lenox, and
132 N W of Bofton.
H^illiamJIeiv/i, a poft toWn and the cap-
ital of Martin co. N. Carolina, is fituated
on Roanoke River, and contains a court
houfe, a gaol, and 248 inhabitants. It is
2j miles from Blountfville, 24 from Plym-
outh, ss from Halifax, 444 from Phila-
delphia, and 292 from Wafliington.
fViilie/iurg, a poft town in Charlotte co.
Virginia, 243 miles from Wafliington.
IVittimautie, a fmall river of Connedli-
cut, which runs a S £ courfe, and uniting
with Natchaug River, forms the Shetuck-
et at Windham.
IVUliniorougb, a townfliip of N- Jerfey»
in Burlington co. on Delaware River,
about 14 miles from Philadelphia. It
has generally a thin foil, but confiderable
quantities of fruits and vegetables are
raifed here for the Philadelphia market.
fVillington, a townfliip of Counedlicut,
in Tolland co. 6 miles £ of Tolland, and
35 N £ of Hartford, and was' fettled in
1719, having 1,278 inhabitants. The
lands ate rough and hilly. The earth-
quake on Sabbath evening, QcTt. 29, 1727,
was fcverely felt in this town.
JVillifi<ya;n, a townfliip in Chefter ca
Pcnnfylvania, having 869 inhabitants.
Willis Creei, in Maryland, falls into the
Patowmack from the N at Fort Cumber-
land.
IVillis TJland, in the S. Atlantic Ocean,
is near the N W end of South Georgia,
and has Bird Ifland to the N of it. S lat.
54, W long. 38 30.
Willijloii, a poft town of Vermont, Chit-
tenden CO. joins Burlington on the N W.
It contains 836 inhabitants.
Willoughiy Bay, near the S E part of the
iriand of Antigua, in the W. Indies.
Willoiighby Lake, in Vermont, in the
townfliip of Weftmore. It is about fix
miles long and one broad, and lends a
ftrcani whictyruiis nortiiw4td and cmp-
W I L
ties into Lake Mempltremagog, in the
townfliip of Salem. Tiiis lake furniihcs
fifli tefcinbling baft, of an excellent fla-
vour, vrtijjhing from lo to 30 pounds.
People travel 20 miles to this lake to
procure a winter's (lock of this fiHi.
IVillJbotougb, a townfliip in Eflex co. N.
York ; bounded on the S by the town of
Crown-Point, on the N by theS line of a
patent, which includes the river An Sahk
at its mouth, continuing vvcftward to thiit
part of the county of Mcnitjomery, now
called Herkemer county. It coutaintd
375 inhabitants in 1790; and in x'Joo
1,717. It is a fine Lhampaign, fertile
country, inhabited by a number of in-
duftrious, thriving farmers. Its cultiva-
tion has been rapidly advancing. In this
town is the remarkable Split Rock, which
is a fniall point of a mountain projedling
about 50 yards into the neighbouring
lake. This disjoined point has, from the
appearance of the oppofite fides, and
their exadl fituefs for each other, doubt-
lefs been rent from the main rock, by
fome violent fhock of nature. It is re-
moved about 20 feet, and has on its point,
a furface of nearly half an acre, which
has fufficiency of foil, and is covered
with wood. The height of the rock on
each fide of the fillure is about 1% feet,
The river Bnquet runs through this town
9 conflderable didance, and is navigable
for boats 2 miles, where there are falls
and mills. This town was partly fettled
before the year 1775. It commands a
beautiful view of the lake, and lies 214
miles N of N. York city.
WllU Ctve, on the N E fide of the ifth-
mus of the ifland of St. Kitts, in the W.
Indies.
Wiih Creek, or CaUufiuet, a branch of
Patowmack River, is 30 or 40 yards wide
at its mouth, where Fort Cumberland
flood. It affords no n&vigation as yet,
and runs a (hort courfe foutherly.
ffillfTown, an Indian village on the N
E bank of Mufkingum River, 45 miles
from its mouth, and 117 fouth weflcrly
from Pittfburg.
Willioivn, a port town in Georgetown
CO. S. Carolina, 455 miles from Wafliing-
ton.
WilmaHton, in N. York, on Wallkill, be-
tween Ncwburgand Ncw-Brunfwick.
Wilmington, one of the eaflern maritime
diftri<5ts of N.Carolina; bounded NE by
Newbern diftriiSl, S E by the Atlantic
Ocean, S W by S. Carolina, and N W by
Fayette. It comprehends the counties of
W I L
Brunfwick, New-Hanover, Onflow, Dup- '
lin, and Bladen. It contains 30,617 iu<
habitants, of whom 11,649 are Haves.
WUmi/igtan, a port of entry and poll
town of N. Carolina, capital of the above
diflridt, is fituafed on the E fide of the
eadcrn branch of Cape Fear or Claren*
don River ; 34 miles from the fea, and
100 foutluvard ol Newbern. The courfe
of the river, as it palTcs by the town, is
neaHy from N to S, and the breadth r jo
yards. Oppofite the town are two inl-
ands extending with the courfe of .the
liver, and dividing it into three chan<
nels : they aiToi d the fined rice fields in
N. Carolina. Tlr,- town is regularly built,
and contains about 250 houfes, and r,68(^
inhabitants, of whom 1,126 are in Have-
ry, a handfome Epifcopal church, a court
houfe, and gaol. Having fulTcrcd much
by two fires, one-fourth of the town,
which has been rebuilt, is of brick. Its
markets are well fupplicd with fifli, and
all manner of proviQous. A confldera-
ble trade is carried on to the W. Indie*
and the adjacent States. 'I'iie exports for
one year, ending the 30tli of Sept. 1794,
amounted to 133^534 dollars. Thofe v(
all the other ports of the State, amount*
ed only to 177,598 dollars. It is 90 miles
S E of Fayctteville, 19288 W of EJcn-
ton, 198 N E of Charleflon, S. Carolina,
and 600 from Philadelphia. N lat. 34 i t,
W long. 78 15.
JVilmngtan, a town of New- Hanover co.
N. Carolina, containing 1,698 inhabitants.
Wilmington, a port town of Vermont, iu
Windham co. containing 1,011 inhabit-
ants, who are chiefly wealthy farmers.
It lies on Dtcrfield River, on the E fide of
the Green Mountain, on the higli road
from Bennington to Brattlcborough, about
20 miles from each. Confidcrable quan-
tities of maple fugar are made in it ; fonie
farmers make 1,000 or 1400 pounds in a
feafon. The Huy-fiaek, in the N W cor-
ner of this townfliip, is among the bigheft
of the range of the Green Mountains. It
has a pond n^ar the to}! ot it, dbout half
a mile in length, round which deer and
moofe are fouud. It is 441 miles from
Wafliington.
Wilmington, a townfliip of Maflacbu-
fctts, in Middleftx co. 1 6 miles N from
Bofton. It was incorporated in 1730,
and contains 797 inhalntams. Hops, in
great quantities, are raifed in this town.
Wilmington, a port of entry and ptifc
town of the State of Delaware, and tlit?
mofl couiJdcrable town in the State. It
(land*
m
\nl
i
n
ll
*
I ■
! ' )
I
■
W I L
W I N
ABndt in Newcadlr co. on the N fide of
CIiriAiana Creek, bctwcen'Chriftiana and
Brandywine Creeks, which at this place
are about a mile didant from each other,
hut uniting below the town, they join the
Pdawarc in one Aream, 400 yards wide
at the mouth. The fcite of the principal
,>put of the town is on the S W fide of a
jiill, which rifes 109 feet above the tide,
9 miles from Delaware River, 38 S W
from Philadelphia, And 117 from Wafli-
tngtOH. On the N E fide of the fame
MUtOnthe Brandywine, there are ijmilli
fur grain, and about 40 neat dweliing-
^ules, which for;n a beautiful appen-
„d»ge to the town. The mills are pruba-
I>Iy as valuable 9s any jn the world : it is
faid that 300,000 bufliels of wheat aad
corn are ground here in a year. A large
.manufadtory for gun-powder is erected
here. The Chriftiana admits veflels of
94 feet draught of water to the town ;
and thofc ol 6 feet draught, 8 miles fur-
ther, where the navigation ends ; and
the Brandywine admits thofe of 7 feet
draught to the mills. The town is regu-
larly laid out in fquares fimilar to Phila«
dclphia, and contained, in 1796, upwards
of 600 houfes, modly of brick, apd 3,000
inhabitants. It has 6 places of public
worfliip, viz. % for Pieibyterians, 1 for
Swcdifh £pifcppalian;, i for Friends, i
for Baptifte, arid i for Methodifts. Here
arc two markct-houfcs, a poor-houie,
which Rands on the W fide of the town,
and is 120 feet by 40, built of ftone, and
3 Aories high, for the reception of the
paupers of NewcaAle co. There is anoth-
er ftone building which was ufed as an
academy, nnd was fupported for f<>nie
f:ime with confiderable reputation, tnit
by a dct'eiSl in the conftitution of the fcm-
iuary, or fume otlier caufe, it has, of late,
been entirely negle<5led as a place of tui-
tion. There, arc, however, nearly 300
children in the dilfcrent fchools in town,
^bout the year 1736, the firft houfes were
built at this place ; and the towp was in-
corporated a few years afterwards. It;
officers are two burgefTcs, 6 aniAants,and
^wo conflahles, ail of whom arc annually
chofen. For other particulars, fee Beta-
ware, N lat. 3V 4 J 18, W long. 75 3*-
tVilmot, a townlliip of Nova Scotia,
Annapolis ^o. fettled from Ireland and
Kew England.
Wiif.Hy a county of Mero diflriift, Ten-
neflee, containing 3,i6t inhabitants, of
fvhom 729 ite llaves.
flTilJonvUtc, a town of Pennfjlvania, i
littiated on the Walenpapeck, at I'tc
juntSViiin with the Lesawacfcin, 110
miles N of Philadelphia. Here are al-
ready eredted 14 houfes, a faw and grif>
mill, and a large building for manufac^tur-
ing fail cloth. The creek here falls up-
wards of 300 feet, fome fav 500, in the
fpace of a mile ; for 17 miles above the
fails the creek has a gentle current
H^ilton, a village of Charlefton diftti<ft,
S. Carolina, on the £ fide cf Bdiflo River,
37 miles S W of Charlefton.
IfilioH, a town in Kenncbeck co.
Maine, incorporated June, 1803.
JVilUitt a towndiip of New Hamplhire,
Hillflrarough co. S W of Amherft, adjoin-
ing, about 70 miles weftcrly of Portfmouth,
and 5,6 N W of Bofton. It was incorpo-
rated in 1763, and contains 1,010 inhabit-
ants.
IVimaeemJit, a village of New York, in
Suffolk CO. Long liland, 6 miles W by S
of Smithtown, and N £ of Huntingdon,
and 44 E by N of N. York city.
Winebflfeit, an ifland in the S. Pacifie
Ocean, which appears like three idands.
It is about 30 miles $ by £ of Sir Charle«
Hardy's Ifland.
JVincbendon, a poft town of Maftacliu-
fetts, in Worccfter co. 7 miles N of Card-
ner, 35 N W of Worccfter, 60 N W by W
of Bofton. This townfliip was formerly
called Ifftoicb Canada, until it was incor>
porated in 1764. It is on Miller's River,
and contains 1,092 inhabitants. This
place was vifited by a dt^cadiul tornado,
on the 31 ft of Ot'Vober, 1795, which did
confiderable damage.
Windefier, a poft town of Cotine<£ticut,
in Litchfield co. about x 3 or 15 miles N
of Litchfield. It has 1,368 inhabitants.
^iW7j/7«r, a townlhip of N. Hanipfhire,
in Chefliirc co, E of Hinfdale and Fort
Dummer, adjoining. It is 110 miles from
Portfmouth, and contains i,4r3 inhabit-
ants.
Wincbtfier^ a poft town, and the chief
town of Clarke co. Kentucky, 546 miles
from Wafliington. It has 130 inhabitants.
Wincbefler, or FredericLtown, a poft town
of Virginia, and the capital of Frederick
ca It is near the head of Opeckon Creek,
which empties into Patowmack River ;
about 36 miles from the celebrated paf-
f^gc of the Patowmack through the Blup
Ridge, aud 83 miles from V^afliington.
It is a handfome and flourifliing town,
ftanding upon low and broken ground,
and has anumbei of refpedtable buildings,
among which are a c^urt-houfe, gaol, »
Preft>^teriaH,
'»rsppr~v:ar"
!ck, at lu
cfein, 1 20
[ere are al-
vr and grift
unufa<rtur-
:re fall* up^
500, in the
above the
rrent.
Ion cli(lri6t,
diflo River,
ncbeck co.
03-
HampHiire,
erft, adjoin-
*ortfmouth,
as incorpo-
uoinhabit-
:w York, in
lies W by S
luntingdon,
V.
! S, Pacific
iree idandi.
SirCharIc«
' Maflachu-
iNof Card-
)NWbyW
as formerly
t was incor-
iller's River,
tants. This
ful tornado,
;, which did
[JonneAictif,
: 15 miles N
habitants.
Hampfhire,
lie and Fort
miles from
413 iahabit-
nd the chief
r, 546 miles
1 inhabitants.
, a pod town
of Frederick
:f Icon Creek,
Tiack River ;
ehrated paf-
ugh the Blue
M'afhington.
idling town,
}ken ground,
bic buildings,
loufe, gaol, A
Prcfb^teriai^,
W I N
l*reftyterian, an Epifeopalian, a Metho-
di(t, and a new Roman Catholic church.
The dwelling houfcs are about 350 in
number, fcvcral of which are built of
(lone. It is a corporation, and contains
1,780 free inhabitants, and 348 (laves. It
was formerly fortifiud, but the works are
now in ruins. It is 50 miles E by S of
Romney, lOO N E by N of Staunton, i ro
W N W of Alexandria, x 80 N W of Rich-
mond. N lat. 39 17 30, W long. 78 .19.
IVind Ga/), a pafsin the Blue Mountains
in Pennl'yivania ; about 9 miles S W of
Penn's Fort. Although roo feet higher
than the prcfcnt bed of the Delaware, it
ts thought to have been formerly part of
the bed of that river. The Wind Gap is
a mile broad, and the (loues on it I'uch as
feem to have been waflicd for ages by
water running over thrm.
K^indiam, a county in the S £ corner
jof Vermont ; having Maflachufetts S, and
Connedlicut River E. It contains 32
townfliips, and 33,531 inhabitants. Chief
towns, Newfane and Putney.
tVindliam, a county in the N E corner
of Connedlicut, having the State of Mal-
fachurclts N, and the State of Rhode Ifland
£. It contains ij townfliips, and 28,322
inhabitants, including 35 flavev. Chief
town, Windham. This i.t a fertile and well
cultivated county. I'he land in general
is ftony, confliantly varied with hills and
vales, and well watered by the Quinna-
bog, Shetucket, and numerous other
branches of the Thames. The hills lie
in ridges N and S, generally from 3 to 4
miles apart. The timber mofl common
!s various fpecies of oak, walnut, and
chefnut.
IVindbam, tlie capital of the above co.
and a pod town, is on Shetucket River, 13
miles N by W of Norwich, 31 E of Hart-
lord, and 402 from Wafliington. It con-
tains between 60 and 7&compadl houfcs,
a court houfe, gaol, an academy, and a
Congregational church. The river Wil-
liman'tick from the N W, and Natchaug
from tiie N, meet in the N W part of the
tMvnfliip, and form the Shetucket, a
pleafant river, afibrding plenty of fifli,
particularly falmon, at fome ie^fons of
the year. The townfhip was fettled from
Norwich, in 1686, was incorporated in
1703, and contains 2,864 inhabitants.
WinJbam, a pod town of N, Hamp-
fhire, Rockingham Co. is about 25 miles
S W of Exeter, and 40 from Portfmouth.
It contains 663 inhabitants.
Wittdbatn^ a pud t«wu uf Maiae, Cum-
berland CO. 134 rtiiles N of Bofton. it
was incorporated in 1762, and contain*
751 inhabitants.
H^kdbam, a townfliip in Windham co.
Vermont, made in 1795, of the E half uf
Londonderry.
ff^inMam, a pod town in Grecrt co. N.
York, 404 miles from Wantington.
H^indfar, a townfliip of Nova-Scotia, ia
Hants CO. near the river St. Croix, which
empties into the Avon. The rivers
Kenetcoot and Cocmiguen (fo called b/
the Indians) run through this townfliip
and empty into the Avon. On thcfe riv-
ers are flourifliing fettlements and fertile
land. Lime-done^ and plader of Paris
are found here. The lake Potawpck (fo
called by the Indians) lies between the
head of St. Margaret's Bay and the main
road from Halifax to Windfor ; the great
lake of Shubeiiaccadie lies on the £ fide
of this road, about 7 miles from it, and'
21 from Halifax.
fVindfor, a county of Vermont, bound-
ed N by Orange,' S by Windham, E by
Connedlicut River, and W by Rutland
and part of Addifon co. It contains %%
townfliips, arid 36,944 inhabitants.
ffind/or, a pod town of Vermont, and"
capital of the above co. is on the W
bank of Connecticut River, 18 miles N
by W of Charledown, in N. Hampfliire,
45 E by S of Rutland, 80 miles N E of
Bennington, and 355 from Philadelpliia.
The townfliip contains 2,211 inhabitants.
This with Rutland, is alternately the feat
of the State legiflature.
tVindfor, a hilly townfliip of Maflachu-
fetts, in Bcrkfliire co. 20 miles N N W of
Lenox, and 1 3 6 W of Bodon. The coun-
ty road to Northampton padcs through it,
alfo the road from Pittsficid to Deerfield.
It gives rife to Houfatnnick and Wedfield
rivers, on which ar^ 4 faw mills, and %
corn mills. It was incorporated in 17 71,'
and contains 961 inhabitants.
tVindfor, a confiderablc and very pleaf-
ant pcd town of Hartford co. Connedlicut,
on the W fide of Connedlicut River, about
7 miles N of Hartford. Here Windfor
Ferry River, formed by the jundlion of
Farmington and Poqunhock Rivers, empi
tics into the Connedlicut from the weft.
Windfor Ferry River divides the town-
fliip into the upper and lower pariflies.
It has 2,773 inhabitants.
Windfor, Eafi. See Eajl Windfor.
Windfir a townfliip of N. Jerfey, Mid-
dlefex CO. containing, in 1790, 2,838 in-
habitants, including 190 Haves.
W'mdfw,
r.: '\\
I
' <!
! )
'41
■■ill
Iti
f
if
m
n
It
} il
If ll', i
'iji.
41
W I N
W I N
K'lnJfur, a townfliip of Pcnnfytvanta,
in Yurk cu. Ii.ivin{> 1,495 inhaUitauti.
tVihHl(ji\ a port town and the capital of
Bertie co. N. Carolina ; on Cufliai Kivcr,
and rontaiiiH 137 inlial>itants, a court-
houfc and jraoL It is %z mile* W by S of
Edenton, iS from Plymouth, 97 from
Halifax, and 481 from Philadelphia.
Wir.dj'.r, a townfliip in L. Canada, on
the N £ liank of St. f rancis River, S £ of
Shipton adjoining. It has but about 3
or 4 families.
IVinduard Pafuge, a name given to a
courfe froir the S E part of the ifland ol
Jamaica, ' 1 t. n W. Indie*, and extending
for 160 ijHgiiCA to the N fide of Crooked
Idandin the Bahamas. iShipj* have often
failed tiuoueh this channel from the N
part of it to tlie itland of Culia, or the
Gulf of Mexico, nctwithftanding the com-
mon opinion, on account of the current,
which is n^ainll it ; that they keep the
Bahama (hore on board, and that they
meet the wind in fummer for the mod
part of the channel caftetly, v. hich with
a counter current on fliore puihes them
eafily through it.
Windward Fu'wf, near the eaftern ex-
tremity of the ill.ind of St. Chriflophcr's,
is the £ point of Sandy Hill Bay ; % miles
W N W of St. Anthony's Hill Point.
fVinee, or BtacL /iiver, in S. Carolina,
rifes in Camden diilricl, and runnings E
through Chcraws into vjeorgctown dif-
tridt, unites with Pedce River, about 3
miles ab(/ve Georoctown.
Winball, a townfliip of Vermont, Ben-
nington CO. 30 miles N £ of Bennington,
having 38a inhabitants.
PFinnipifcn^ety a lake in N. Hampfliire,
and the largeft collection of water in the
State. It is 2» milts in length from S E
to N W. and of very unequal breadth,
but no where more than 8 miles. Some
Very long necks of land project into it ;
and it contains feveral iflands, large and
fmall, and on which rattlc-lnakes arc
common. It ahouuds with fifli from 6 to
20 pounds wtiijiit. The mountains which
furround it give rif..- t-» many ftrcams
which fli-w into it ; and Iietwecn it and the
mountaiiH,nrc fevtral Iclfcr punds, vvhich
communitatv" with if. Contiguous to this
lake are the tuwniliips of Mouitonbor-
ough on tlir N \V, I'uitonhoro'.if^h and
Wolfboroii-h on the N E, Meredith and
Gilmaniown (;n t!:c .S W. From the S E
extremity of iljis lalci-, called Merry
Meeting Bay, to the N W part called
Scater liar hour, there i? ;i->od navigation 1,
in the rummer, and generally a good road
in c winter ; the lake is frozen about 3
months in the year, and many fleighs and
teams, from the circumjacent towns, rrofs
it on the ice. See Ajuedtcbton, Winni>
pifcocee River conveys the waters of the
Ir.kc mto Pemigcwaflct River, through its
eaflerii bank at New Chefler. The uni<
ted dreams there take the name of Mer«
rimack River.
IVinlaHd, a country accidentally dif-
covered by Biron or Bioru, a Norman,
in 1 001 ; fuppofed to be a part of the
idand of Newfoundland. It was agaiit
vifitcd, and an intercourfe opened be<
twecn it and Greenland. In iiai, Eric,
biflu)p of Greenland, went to Winland
to recover and convert his countrymen,
who had degenerated into fava;5C3. Thia
prelate never returned to Greenland ; nor
was any thing more heard of VS inland
for feveral centuries.
JVinkcly or IVenlotit ^ townfliip of Ver-
mont, in EfTcx CO. W of Minehead.
JVinitebagOt a lake of the N W Territory,
W of Michigan Lake, and S W of Bay
Puan, into which it fends its tvaters. It
is about 15 miles long from £ to W, and
6 wide, ii receives a large dream from
the S W, called Crocodik River. Fox
River enters it from the W, and by it,
through Ouifconring River, hau commu-
nication with Miflilippi River, intehupt-
cd by a portage of only 3 miles. The
centre of the lake lies in lat. aljout 43 30
N, and long 88 10 W. See Oui/eonfmg
and Fox Rivirs.
lVinneLagoei,M\ Indian nation, inhabit-
ing round the lake of the fame name,
who can furnifh a or 30O warriors. Their
town (lands on an ifland at the £ end of
the lake, of about 50 acres extent, and
dilVant from Bay Pnan 35 miles, accord'
ing to the courfe of the river. The town
contains about 50 honfes, which are
(Irongly built with pallil'adcs. The land
adjacent to the lake is very fertile,abouud*
ing fpontaneoufly with grapes, plnnis,
and other fruit. The people raife a great
quantity of Indian corn, beans, pumpkins,
fquafhes, melons, and tobacco. The lake
abounds with fifh, and in the autumn or
fall, with gccfc, ducks, and teal, that are
very fat and well flavoured by feeding
on wild rice, which grows plentifully
in thcfe parts. Mr. Carver thinks from
the relult of his inquiries of the origin,
language, and cuftoms of this people, that
originally redded in forae of the prov-
'nc<;f of Mexico, aud. migrated to thit
countrf
WIN
Wit
a good roid
zcn about 3
' flcighs and
towns, rrofs
)ff. Winiii-
atcrituf the
through its
The uni»
me ot Mer-
eutally dif-
a Normani
>art of the
was again
opened be*
iiai.Eric,
:o Winland
ountrymen,
a'?c9. This
iiilHiid ; nor
tf Winland
[liipof Vcr-
head.
J Territory,
i W of Bay
waters. It
I to W, and
Iream from
liver. Fox
and by it,
au conimu-
intenupt*
niics. The
.Ijout 43 ;?o
OnifconftHg
oninhabit-
r»nie name,
iors. Their
le E end of
extent, and
Ics, accord'
The town
which are
The land
ile,abound-
pcs, plums,
raifc a great
, pumpkins,
. The lake
autumn or
al, that are
by feeding
plentifully
hinks from
the origin,
people, that
the prov-
ted to thi>
country
toontry about the year 1670. Their
language it diiTerent fiom any other yet
difcovcred ; and they converl'c with oth-
er nations in the Chippcway tongue.
H'innifeg, or IVmntfeck, a lake in U.
Canida, N W of Lake Superior. It lies
between lar. 51 and 54 N, and Ion. 95 30
and 99 W. It is ai 7 miles long, including
Baikefcoggan or Flay Green Lake, its
northern arm ; and is 100 miles broad
from the Canadian Houfe on the E fide,
to Sable river on the W fide. It receives
the waters of a number of fmall lake« m
every dire(Aion,and exhibits a number of
fmall ifles. I'be lands on its bank? are
laid, by Carver and other travellers, to be
very fertile, producing vad quantities of
xvild rice, and the fugar tree in great
plenty. The climate is confiderably
more temperate here than it is upon the
Atlantic coad, 10'' farther fuuchward.
It is the rcfervoir of feveral great rivers.
Nelfon River condutSls its waters into
HudTon Day. In lat. $1 4J it contra<51s
icfelf and is but two miles wide. This
lake and others in this quarCer,havetheir
banks on the N formed of black and grey
rock, on the S by a low, level country,
nvith ridges of limedone zo, 30, or 40
feet high. The inhabitants round this
lake are a few Knifteneaux and .'Vlgon-
quia tribes. No maple trees arc found
W of this lake.
Winnipeg, Little, a lake which lies W of
the former, and has communication with
Lake Minitoba, on the S, which lad fends
the waters of both into Winnipeg Lake,
in an E N E courfe. It is 80 miles long
and ij broad. Fort Dauphin is fcatcd
on a lake contiguous, on the V, whofe
V'aters empty into this L'.ke. Dauphin
Fort lies in lat. 51 46 N, and Icn 10054 W.
Winnipeg River, runs N W into the lake
of its name. It is the outlet of the wa-
ters of a vad chain of lakes ; the chief of
which are La Pluc and I.ake of the
Woods. The lat. of the Provificm St )re
at the bottom of the river, is 50 37 N.
Wintijloyt^b, a poft town, and the cap-
ital of FairLcId co. S, Carolina ; fituated
on a branch of Wateree Creek, which
empties into the river of that name.
Here are about 25 houfes, a handfome
court houfe, a gaol, and a college called
Mount Zion college, which is fupported
by a refpedldbic focicty of gentlemtu,
and has been long incorporated. It is 30
miles N N W of Columbia, 130 from
Charlellon, 708 from Philadelphia, and
541 from Wafliinjton.
Vol. J. Nnon
IVinJIav), a port town of Kennebeck co.
Maine, on the E fide of Kenneheclc R. 1 3
miles N of Augufta. Fort Halifax was
built at this place in 1754, on the point
rl land at the confluence of Scbafticoolc
and Kennebeck rivers. This town u i'i
miles N by E of Portland, »ti from Bof-
ton. It was incorporated in 1 771, and
contained in i;90, 779 inhabiiauts, and
in 1800, IZ50.
IViutfri.m, a place in Amelia co. Vir-
ginia. Bhu:k lead is found here ; but no
works for its manufacture are cfl»blifl)-
cd ; thofc who want it go and procure it
for themfelve*.
ii'ittthrop, a port town in Kennebeck en.
Maine, between Androfcocgin and Ken-
nebeck river.i, about 10 miles from each ;
5 miles cafterly of Monmouth ; 10 W by
S of Hallowell, 57 N of Portland. 1 he
townfliip was incorporated in 1771, and
contains 1219 inhabitanta.
Winthrop'i Buy, On the N coafl of the
illand of Antigua.
Wintun, a county of Orangeburg diC-
tritSk, S. Carolina.
IVinton, a poft town of N. Carolinn,
and capital of Hartford co. on t> e S J
fide of Chowan river, a few miles bilow
the place where Meherrin and Netta-
way join their waters. It has a court
houfe and gaol, and a few rompaJt lioii/e»,
It is 12 miles from Murrrcefl)onnijih, ^5
from the bridge on Bcnnct's Crce'i, 130
S S E of Pcterfburg, in Virginia, aiul 4;,4
from Philadelphia.
IVinyatv Bay, on the coaft of S. C :»ro-
lina, communicates with the ocean i:
miUs below Georgetown. Sec Cecrgi-
town.
WifcaJJ'et,^ port of cntrj'and pofl town
of Maine, Lincoln co. on the W fiJc of
Shecpfcut river, 178 miles N E by N of
Borton, and 6.59 from Wafliington.' It was
lurmcrly Pownalborough. It coi;t;'.ius a
congregational church, and aI)out 1.50
houfts. Its navigation is greater in pro-
portion to its fize and numiur of inhabit-
ants than any part of Maflachufetts. A
gazette is publidied here, and the coiiniy
courts are held in it. Wifeaflet Point is
3 leagues from Crofs river. The exports
tor one year, ending the 30th of .Septc m-
ber 1794. amounted to 23,329 cloil.cs.
A hank was eftahliflied here in i8c2.
Witcharn Bay,\% within the great ound
in the Bermudas Illan<]s,in the W. Indies;
fituated at the E part of the bottom or S
part of t!ie Sound, having a fmall illands
at the mouth of it.
Woab<t9t
I [11
II f
•\i
•i :'t '
\9^0
\v o o
tfcaiM, one of the Sandwich Ifin, in
tbe N. Paciiic Ocean, j league* N W of
Morotoi Ifland. It ia high land, and con-
tain! 6opoo inhabitant* ; and ha* good
anchoring ground, in lat. ai 43 N, and
Ion. 157 51 W.
tftafanacbiy, the name of the Delaware
nation, in their language.
1Voaf», one of the Ingraham Idandt,
left in fize than ChriQiana. The body
of it lies in lat. 9 17 S. It bear* N W by
VT, about so leagues from Kcfolution
Bay. It wa* called AJami, by Capt. In-
graham ; and a fmAll iflnnd to the fouth-
ward of it he called Lmcolit. Capt, Rob-
ert* afterward* difcovcrcd them and
named them from hit fliip and fchooner ;
the larger JfJirfeK, and thelefler Refo-
lutian.
Ifoiurn, a pod town of MafTicKiifctt*,
Middlefex co. 10 milej N of Bolton. It
vra* incorporated in 1643 by the name of
K^oa6orne,»nd was till then known by the
name of CLarhflonvH FMtge. The weft-
erly parifh wa* lately fet oiT and incor-
porated by the name of Burlington. It
contain* 1128 inhahiidnts.
IVoUott, a townfliip of Vermont, in Or-
leans CO. S of Craftlbury, containing 47
inhabitants. I.a Moille river, run* N
vreftward through it.
WoUottt a town in Connedlicut, N. Ha-
ven CO. near Fairfield. Jt has 948 inhab-
itants.
Wo//, a fmall boatabic river of Ten-
eflce, which run* wcfterly into Mifllfippi
tiver, about 19 miles S of Hatchy river,
and S5 from Keelfoot. It is 50 yards
wide feveral miles from its mouth, which
JK very near the S W corner of the State,
in lat. 3/.
fVol/iorainrl), a towufliip of N. Hamp-
fliire, Strafford co. on the £ fide of Win-
iiipifiogee Lake, and cont.tins 941 inhab-
itants. It has fome fine farms, and p:ir-
ticularly that which formerly belonged to
Gov. Wentworth.
Wdves I/lands, He near Campo Bello Id-
and, en the £ coad of Maine. Between
thefe the foundings are from 50 to iqo
fathoms. N lat. 44 48, W Ion. 66 40.
From Grand Manao (Hand to Wolves
Ifl^nds the courfe is N E by N .1 leagues.
Womeldorf, a poft town of Ptnnfylva-
nia, in Berks co. on the W fide of a fmall
llreara which fall* into Tulpehocken
Crcrtk. It contains about 40 lioufcs, and
a German Lutheran and Caivinift church.
It is 68 miles N Wof Philadelphia.
WooJ, a county of Virginia, bounded N
by Harrifua cc cont «ining 1117 inhabit-
ants-
WtoJlriJgt, a poll town of N. Jerfey,
Middlefcx co. on the great road from N.
York to Philadelphia, on a dream which
falls into Arthur Kull, aliove Amboy. It
is about % miles N by W of Amboy, 10 S
W of Elizabeth Town, an<l 70 N E of
Philadelphia. The townfliip contained,
ini790, J J50 inhabitants.
H^eodiriJgf,» lowndiip of ConneiStieut,
N. Haven co. about 7 miles N W of N.
Haven city. It has 2198 inhabitants.
Woidiury, a towndiip of Vermont, in
Caledonia co. 15 or ao mile* W N W of
Barnet, having 23 inhabitant*.
IVoodhury, a pod town of N. Jerfey,
and capital of Glonceder co. fituatcd near
a fmall dream which empties into the
Delaware Ik low Red Bank. It contain*
about 80 houfcs, a handfome brick court
houfe, a Quaker meeting houfe, and an
academy. Sever.1l of the houfe* are neat
and handfome. It is 9 miles S of Phila-
delphia, II N E of Swedcfliurg, and 155
from Wadiington. Alio, the name of a
townfhip of Pennfylvania, in Huntingdon
county.
IVooJ/fitry, a pod town of ConneiSlicut,
in Litchfield co. 8 miles S of Litchfield.
It was fettled in 167a, and contains 1944
inhahitants.
If^ooJ CrieifZ fiuggifli dream which rife*
in tlic high lands, a little £ of Fort Fd-
ward, on Hudfon's river ; and after run-
ning 2jr miles, falls into the head of lake
Chainplain at Skeneflioro. It ha* a fall
at its mouth, othcrwife it is navigable
for batteaux for 20 miles up to Fort
Anne.
H^ooJ Creei, run* wedward, and emp-
tie* its waters into Oneida Lake. It is a
crooked, tluggifli dream, 3 or 4 yard*
wide. Thirteen canals have been cut
acrofs fo many neck* of land to render
it more draight. A mile and a half from
the lake it unites with Fifli Creek, which
is 60 yards wide. The Oneida Indian*
have refcrved half a mile wide on each
fide of tliis Creek, for 10 mile* from its
mouth, for the purpofe of catching fal-
mon.
fVoodford, a county ef Kentucky, on
Ohio river, between Kentucky and Lick-
ing rivers. It contains 6452 inhabitants,
of whom 2058 are in flavery. Chief town,
Verfailles.
Woodford, a townfliip of Vermont, E of
Bennington, adjoining. It contains 138
inhabitants,
woo
WOR
H^i>»J JflamK on the lea road of Maine,
j; league* N V. of C'at»-* I'orpoilc, and S
Why S 4 league* nt Kiclimaii'k lll^iii).
}Vo<i<IJitru' , a poft tuwn iit Freilcrick
CO. Marylantl) 57 mile* from Waniiiigton.
IVooMtLuiea/ iLi, the mod riortliern in
the United Ntatei, ik fo called Irom the
largr qunntitiet of wood j^ruivin^; on itit
bank* ; fucli ai oak, pine, tir, l°;)i-iicc, &r.
This lake ii luppi fed to he the fiuircc 01
cauduiflor of one braiicli of Uoiuliun riv-
er. lt« len;{tli tioni H to VV i« laid to
he about i'cvcnty miles ; and in loriic
placcD it is 40 miirs wide. In lac. 4<; 37
N, ion. 94^ W, is a portage 30 pai es long.
It i» on an illanil, und called Pona^'.e du
Uat. The Killiltinoe Iixliaii:* t lurainp on
it» hordcrs to filli and hunt. litis
lake is the communit ation Ix'tuern the
lake^ Winnipeg, Bourbon, and Lake .Su-
perior. Tht* lake it worihy of notice,
an by treaty a line from ii» N VV point
due W to the MiU'ilii^pi, i» a boundary of
the United .States. lint fuch a hne can
uevcr exift. The N W part of the lake is
in Lit. 49 37 N, and Ion. 94 31 W. Tiie
fource of the mtift northern hrai.ch of
the Miflilippi,iiin lat. 47 38 N, Ion. 95 6
W, as ai'eertained by Mr. ThompJbn, Al-
tronomer to the N. \V. Company. He
alfo found the northern bend of the Mil-
fouri in lat. 473* N, Ion. loi aj W. So
that a line due W can never ftrike that
river. Mackenzie.
fVoaJJIoei, A pod town of Windfor co.
Vermont. It has a court houfc and about
50 dwelling houfes. It lies N W of Wind-
for, adjoining, and contains 313a inhab-
itants. Watcrquechie river pallcs through
the centre of the town, on the banks of
which (taud the meeting houfe and court
boufe.
IVauJJlocl, a townfhip of N. York, in
Ulfterco. bounded E by Kingflon, Hur-
ley and Marbletown, and W by Delaware
river. It contains 1144 inhabitants.
Wuoiljloik, a finall poll town of N. Car-
olina, on the E fide of Pamplico river. It
is iituated iu Hyde cO: 354 miles from
Wafliinjjtoa.
tVoodfiaik, a conlidcrahle and plcafant
townfliip of good land, in the N K corner
of Connctflicut, Windhum co. divided in-
to 3 parifltes. This townfliip, which is
7 miles fquare, was granted by the gen-
eral court of Manachufetts, Nov. 1683,
and was fettled by 39 families from Roi-
bury in 1688. This town remained un-
der the jurifdidtion of Maflachul'etts till
about the year 1760, liucc which time it
ha* helonj^ed to Conno^flicut. It in 66
miles S \V of Bofton, 45 N H of H irtford,
aa S W of Worccftcr, 33 N W ol Provi-
dence, and about the l',ime diflanee N of
Norwich. It ha« 2463 inhabitants.
IVuiJjlaek, A port town of Virginia, feat
of juftice and rapital in Shenandoah eo.
It containt about aoo houfes, a court
hoiifc nnd gaol. The inbabitantit are
moniy (Jernians and their defcendantt.
It is I a miles from Strulburg, and ii»
Irom Wrtfliinjjttm.
IVotidJliixun, a port town of N. Jerfey,
Salem eo. and contains about 40 or jo
InmieA. It is 12 imles N by £ of Salem,
31 N by W i.f Biitlijctown.and a6 S S W
ol Pliiladi.iphia.
IVooi/vi.'/j, a piifk town in Culpepper
CO. Virjjinia, 94 miLstrom Walhington.
H^ooi/y Point, <jn<: of the limits of Hope
Bay, on the N W coaft of N. America,
as Uieaker's is tlic other. It is in about
tat. so 41 N, loi. i;,o ij W.
ffi/ohvicij, a townfliip of Glouceflcr co.
N. Ji riey.
IVotilxviil, a townfliip of Lincoln co.
Maine, on the E lidu of Kenncbeck river,
S of.Pownalboiough, containing 868 iu-
lubitants.
IVntnf^kct Falls, On Dlucflionc river, in
Smithiicld, Rhode Illand.
IVorc-fltr,^ large and populous county
of Maflachufetts. It contains 50 town-
fli'P'i 53 Congregational churches,5io,a36
acres of unimproved land, and 307,430
under cultivation, and 61,19a inhabitants.
It is about 50 miles in length, from N to
S, and 40 in breadth ; bounded S almoft
equally by the States of Connedlicut and
Rhode' Ifland, and N by the State of N.
Hampfliirc. On the E it is bounded chief-
ly by Middlefex co. iind W by Hampfliirc
CO.
lVii>\ep^r, a port town of Maflachufetts,
and rapital of the above county. It is the
largefl iuland town of K. England, and is
tiluated about 45 miles W of Uoftcm, 5a
N E of Springfield, and 300 N E of Phi-
1 dclphia. 'i he public buildings in this
town are X Congregational churches, a
handfome court houlc, and a ftrong flone
gaol. The inhabitants are a4ii, whti
havc> ^ large inland trade, and manufac-
ture put and pearl afli, cotton and linen
giKids, belidc fome ether articles. The
eompaftpart of the town contains about
ijo neat houfes, Iituated in a healtliy
vale, principally on cnc ftrcct. Printiu"
in its various biiiuchoR, is carried on very
exteuftvcly in thi» town by Ifaiah I'hom'-
as.
'I'i
m
111
\:
:<. \\
WRI
WYO
i
a*, £14. who in the year 179X, pr!nred %
editions of the Bible, the one the .arge
royal quarto, the firft of that kind publish-
ed in America, the other a b:g: folio,
with 50 copper plates, belide feveral oth-
er books of confequence His printing
apparatus has been reckoned the l^rgelft
in America. This townlliip, pari of
what was called Qulnfi^arnond by the In-
diaris, was incorporated in 1684 ; but br-
ing depopulated by Indian hofUlities, the
firlt town meeting was held in 1722. It
has been contemplated to open a canal
between Providence, in Rhode Ifland>and
this town. N lat. 44 13, W Ion. 71 44.
IVorcfJler, a towuHiip of Pennfylvania,
in Montgomery co.
IVorcdjhr, the S eafternmoft county of
Marvl.iiid, h<»ving Somcrl'et co. and Chef- ■
apeak Bay W, Sinepuxent Bay E, wliich
opens to the N. Atlantic Ore in, and Ac-
comac CO. in Virginia S. It is well water-
ed by Pocomoke, AlFati^uli, and St. Mar-
tin's river. It contains 16,370 inhabit-
ants, including 4398 fiaves. Chief town, j
Snowhill. j
tVone/ler, a townfliip of Vermont, in
tiie eaftcrnmoft part of Chittenden co. !
about 25 miles E of Burlington, having I
15 inhabitants.
JVarmvilk, a town in the MilUfippi Ter- j
ritory. 1
IVorth'wrJon, a poft town of Mafiachui- I
fetts, in Hamplliiie co. 19 miles W by N
of Northampton, and 408 from Wafhing-
ton. It was incorporated in 1768, and
contains 1223 inhabit nuts.
IVreiitkin, the IVolLm inuj>f>3uge of the
Ind' ins, a port town of Norfolk co. Maf-
fachufetts, on the port rcyad from Boflon
to Providence, a; miles S S W of Boftou,
and 18 N E of Providcncei containing
ao6i inh;ibitant;i ; formerly a pirt of
Dcdham, incorporated in i66r. Tliere
is a curoui cavern in this to-.vn, called
V/avtpjms Rock, from an Indian fam h^ of
that name who Jived in it for a number
of yea'F. It >8 about 9 feet fquarc, and B
feet high, lalFcning from the center to
about 4 feet. It is furrounded by broken
rocks, and now fcrvcs as a Ihelter for cat-
tle and iliec]), as do fevci'al others hcte,
formerly inhabited by Indians.
^Vrigltjhorougbr a imatl fettlemcnt or
village on Little river, a branch of the
•Savannah, about 30 milts from Augiifta.
It was fettled by Jofeph Mattock, Efq.
one of the Fricndo, who named it after
Sir James Wright, then governor of Geor-
gia, who pruniuted iti cltabltflvmcaT.
iVrig/jijIoviit, in Buck's co. Fennfylvaraa,
4 milts N of Newtown, and 4 W of Def-
aware river.
fVunalaibtUof, a tribe, the fecond' ia
rank, of the Delaware nation.
tVjacBnda, a. river of Louifiana, which
falls into the Miililippi, 34 milcir below
Riviere du Moins.
lyyalufing, a port town of Pennfylvania',
Luzerne county, 317 miles from Walh-
ington.
IVyiiluxing Critt in Luzerne' co. Penn-
fylvania, falls into tlfe £ Branch of Suf-
quehannah river, 3 £ of Ticga Point.
IVyutoj Road, in the N. Paciitc Oeean, a
place of ancltorage at Atooi Ifland, one of
the Sandwich Iflands,in lat. 21 57 N, and
Ion. 1S9 47 W. It is at the S W fide, and
about 6 miles from the W end of ihe irt-
and. The iiland is about 10 leagues
long, and aj leagues N W of Wonhoo
Idand.
WyonJottt, or Wiandats, an Indian nation
refiding near Fort Detroit, in the neigh-
bourhood oi the Ottawas aivd Putawat-
times, whofe hunting grounds are about
Lake Erie. The number of warriors, 30
years ago, were, Wyondotts, 250, Otta-
was 4C0, l*utawatimes 150. Another tribe
of the Wyondotts live near Sandu/ky, a-
mong the Mohickons and Caghnawagas^
who together have 300 warriors. At the
treaty of Greenville, ih confequence of
lands ceded to the United States, the lat*
ter agreed to pay them a fum in hand,
^nd in goods to the value ef looo dollars
a year for ever.
ff^ynton, the chief tovTn' of Hertford cok
Edcnton diIlri(H:, N. Carolina.
V/yoming, A general nam^ formerly giv-
en to a traifl of country ii, 'ennfylvania,
on Sufquehannah R. above Wilkfbarra,
In the year 1778, the fetflenrent which
was known under this name, confided of
8 townfliips, each containing 5 miles
fqus^e, fettled from Connecticut, and
originally under its jurifdiiSlion, and pro-
duced great quantities of grain of all fort",
fruit, hemp, flax, dec. inhabited by about
1000 families), who had furniflied the
continental army with near 1000 foldiers,
belide various iapplies of provifions. &e.
In the month of July, all tliefe Houriihing
Icttlements were reduced by the Indian;!
and tories to a ftate of defolation and
horror, almoft beyond defcription. [Sc;.^
fVifmonlanJ.] In the vicinity of Wyom-
ing is a bed of coal, of the open burning
kind, which gives a very intcnfe heat.
Wvoming Falls lie about t miles above
Wilkftarre,
infylvarja;
W of De^
fecond ia
ana, which
ilej below
nnfyivania',
om Walli-
' CO. Pcnn-
ich of Suf-
. Point,
c Oeean, a
uid, one of
57 N, and
W fide, and
1 of ihe iil-
lO leagues
»f Wonhoo
dian nation
the neigh-
id Puta'wa'-
s are aLout
\rarrior8, 30
150, Otta-
lother tribe
ianduHcy, a-
ighnavvagasi
)rs. At the
fcquence of
:es, the lat-
m in hand,
[000 dollars
ticrtford cok
irmcrly giv-
cnnfylvania,
Wilkfbarra.
went which
confided of
ng 5 miles
!<^icut, and
on, and pro-
a of all forts,
ed by about
rniflied the
ooofoldiers,
ovifions. &c.
;e Hourifhing
tlic Indian-i
folation aod
iption. [Sc::.
yof Wyn.-n-
pen burning
ntenfe heat,
mile* above
Wilklbarrc,
XAL
t^'Ilkftarre, and 8| miles above Nanti*
koke Falls, N lat. 41 14, \V Ion. 75 53.
Wyonoh Creek, in N. Carolina, lies with-
in or about lat. 36 36 N. The charter of
Carolina, in 1664, extended the bounds
tadward as far as the N end of Currituck
Inlet, jpoa a ftraight line we(ler>y to this
creek.
IVytbt, a CO. of Virginia, faid to be no
miles ia length and nearly 50 in breadth ;
bounded N by Kanhaway, and S by N.
Carolina. Thcte arc lead mines in this
county, on the Great Kauhaway, 2J miles
from the line of N. Carolina, which yield
from 50 to 8clbs. pure lead from icclbs.
walhedore, but moft commonly 60 to 100.
Two of them are worked by the public ;
the belt of which is 100 yards under the
hill ; and although there are not more
than 30 labourers genera' iy employed,
they might employ 50 or 60 to advantage.
The labourers cultivate their own corn.
Twenty, »j, and fometimes 60 tona of
lead have been extracted from thel'e
mines in a year It contains 5549 free
inhaiiitants, and S31 ilaves. Chief town,
£vantbum. The court houfe is on the
pod road from P.ichmond to Danville, in
Kentucky, 301 miles from the former,and
343 from the latter. It is 46 miles from
Montgomery court iimile, 57 from Abing-
don, and 3JI from Wa£hin2ton. A poll
•ifice ia kept here.
X
AGVA, a harbour on the S E coaft of
the ifland of Cuba, and one of the finefl:
ports in the W. Indies. It lies between
tiic fflands of Pines, or Pinez, and Spirito
Santo.
Xaintes, Santos, or Alt Saintt If mit, fo
■ameJ from their being difcovercd on
that Holy Day, by the Spaniards, on the
S £ lideof the ifland of Guadaloupe, and
in its jurifditStion. The molt wefterly of
thefe three ides is called Terra de Bas. or
the Low Ifland, and the molt eafterly Ter-
ra de Haut, or the High liland. The
third, which lies exaiStly in the middle
between the other two, is little other than
a Darren rock, atui helps to form a very
good harbour.
Xiilifco, a province of New Spain, and
the moit foutherly on the coafl of Guad-
alajara audience. It it bounded S and W
by the S. Sea ; E by Guadal.ijara Proper,
and Mcchoacan, and divided from Chia-
metlan, on the N by a narrow flip of land
dcjiopginj t« Oui^Ali^ara, titcpdio^ i;ito
TAD
the fca. It is not above ijo miles in et*
tent either way. It has filver iiiine3, and
abounds with Indian wheat, Lut has in\€
cattle. The oil of the IrfcmaL I'.'ir ine, u*
the Spaniards cali it, is brought from this
ptovincc. It is faid to be tihcHcious in
diflfolving tumors, expelling of wind, and
til cold humors, by anointing the htliy,
and taking a lew drops of it in a glafs of
wine, as alio by clyflcrs. It is alio faid
to cure ulcers in tiie head, and dcatncfs.
I'he Indians are numerous here, and are
reckoned braver and more puliic than
their neighbouring couiitivnien. 'i'he
Xalifco, an ancient city, is the capital, yet
the mod confidcrablu place iu it is Com-
pol'tclla.
Xariiyei, Laguna de Ici, a large lake of
Paraguay, in S. America, formed by the
river Pai aguay, in its courfe from N to S.
Xerts de la Frontera, a town in the
fouthernniolt part of Zacatccas, province
of Guadalajara audience, in N Spain, in
N, America. It is ganifcucd for defend-
ing the mines a^aiuit the hollilc Indians.
r.
./^£.^(2C^.E, one of the I.ucayos.or Eai
hama ifland, fituated S W of Ivleguani
Ifland. .N lat. as ^o-
Tadkin, a confiderable river of N. Caro-
lina, which rifcs in the Alleghany Moun-
tains, running £ about 60 miles, then turu-
ing to the b S E pafTes the Narrows, a
few miles above Rocky river; thence di-
rcdling its courfe througii Montgomery
and Anfon counties, enters S. Carolina.
It is about 400 yards broad where it paf-
fes Salifbury, but it is reduced between
2 hills, about 25 miles to the fouthward
of that town, to the width of 80 or 100
feet. Fur a miles it is naroow and rapid,
but the molt narrow and rapid part is not
above half a mile in length. In this
narrow pjrt, Iliad are caught in the fpring
of the year, by hoop nets, ia the eddies,
as fait as the Arongelt men are able to
throw them out. Perhaps there is not in
the United States a more eligible fituation
for a large manufadturing town. Boats
with40 orjo hogfhcads pafs tnfily from
thefe Rapidsto Georgeto^vn. The late war,
by which N. Carolina was grartly con-
vulfcd.put a ftop to feveral ironworks.
In 1 790 there were 4 or 5 furnaces in the
State that were in bialt, and a proportioiv*
able number of forges. There was i in
Guilford CO. I in Surry, and i in Wilkes,
all on the Y>dki& Itmm, th« mouth of
Koiky
m
m
1 1
I f.
ril
I .lit
''III
Jh
m
YAO,
YCA
Hockjr river to the ocean, the (Iream af-
fumes the name of Great Pedee.
Tagarchoca, a lake of Quito, within the
limits of the jurifdid):ion of San Miguel de
Ibiirra. It is famous for having been the
fepitlchre of the inhabitants of Otabalo,
wlien taken by HuaynaCapac, the lath
Inca ; who, inftead of rewarding their
magnanimity with clemency, wa« irritated
at the noble refiftance which they made
againd his army, ordered them all to he
beheaded, an<l tluir bodies to be tlirown
into the lake ; hcuci; its naine, which fig-
nilies a lake of blood.
Tiii^o, Si. or Si. "Jam's, an a»»«:ient town
on the N fide of ist. Domingo Klaud,
founded before 1504 a\\<\ the country
round is reckoned as he*!- h\ an any in the
ifland. It is fitiiated on the high road
from La Wga to Duxavon ; 10 leagues
W by N of the former, and a8 eaftcrly
of the latter, and about 10 from the an-
choring phice of St. Yague, and nearly a»
far from Port de Plate. It ftands on the
northern fide of the river Yaqui, in a
favannah commanding tlie river. The
town is open, and regularly laid out, and
contains above 600 houfcs. It is ^z
leagues N N VV of St, Domingo city, 34 W
by N of the bottom of Saniiina Bay, and
22 N W of Cotuy. The territory of
St. Yago, or Jago, contains a8,ooo fouls,
and is very fertile in mines. The land
of Green and Yaqui rivers is mixed with
gold. Mercury is found at the head of
the latter river, and copper is alfo found
in this territory. The tree, guatapana.
wiiich retains its Indian name, is found
here. It bears a fort of grain or pod, from
which is extraifted a very fine black dye.
Taguache, a lieutenancy of Guayaquil ju-
iifdidlion, in S. America. It lies at the
mouth of the river of the fame name,
which empties into that of Guayaquil on
the S fide, and has its fource from the
fkirts of the Cordilleras, S of the r-.ver
Bamba. Within its jurifdidlion are 3
towns ; the chief of which is that where
the cuftom houfe is ere<Sted, and called
San Jacint de Yaguache ; the a others are
Naufa and Antonche. It produces wood,
cocoa, cattle, and cotton.
Vale College. See New Haven,
Yamacraiv, the ancient Indian name of
the fpot where Savannah, in Georgia now
{lands. Alfo the name of a tribe of the
Creek Indians.
Taque, Port St. Vulgarly called Old Port,
a fmali anchoring place on the N fide of
the iHand of Stl^mingo ; between Fad-
repin Weft, and Macorid Point Eaft.
Yaquif Grand, or Monte Chrijl Jiiver, a
river of the N part of St. Domingo, which
runs a W N W courfe, and empties into
the Bay of Monte ChrilL It might be
afccnded in canoes or {mM boat*, for 15
leagues, were it not for the limbs of
trees which lodge in it. All its numerous
branches are from the fouthward. See
Monte Chrijl.
YaiiiJIey's Ferry, on Delaware river is %
miles N W tA I reiiton, ui N. Jerfey, and
3 niilo below M'Crankey's Ferry.
Yarii a town in Ama2onia, S /"-inerica,
at the head of a branch of Amazonia riv-
er, S wefterly from Macapa.
Yarmuuth, a pod town of MafTachufetts,
Barnftabie co. on the peninl'ula, of Cape
Cod, i miles K of Barnftabie, i% E by H
of Sandwich, and 77 S E of Bofton. The
liarbojir is defcribed in the account of
Burnjlabie ; whicli fee. 'i'hf tovvnfliip
extends from fea to fea. It was inco' jx)-
ratedin 1639, and contains 1727 fouls.
Yiirmotith-, A townfhip of Nova Scotia,
in Qncen'b co. fettled by New Engian^Jers.
It lies at the head of a fliort bay, 8 nihes
S £ of Cape St. Mary.
Yaruqui, a plain 4 leagues N E of the
city of Quito, and 249 toifes lower thiin it.
Near it is a village of the fame name.
This fpot was pitched upon as the bale
of the wliole operations for meafuring
the length of an arch of the Meridian, by
Ulloa.
Yaxoo River, in the MilTifippi Territory,
confifts of 3 large branches which run a
fouihcrn courfe, and near its mouth thefe
unite and purfue a S W courfe a few
miles, and the confluent flream enters the
eadern bank of the Milfifippi, by a mouth
upwards of 100 yards wide ; according
to Mr. Gauld, in lat. 32 37 N, and by Mr.
Purcel, in 32 38.
Yaxoo ClIJl, or Aux Cotd, lie '}\ miles
from the river Yazoo, and 39^ miles from
Loufa Chitto, or Big Black river.
Yhague, a city of New Granada, in Ter-
ra Firma.
Yea, or Kilverde, or the Green f^al^, from
a valley of the fame name planted with
vines, which is 6 leagues long, and produ-
ces plenty of wine. It is about 41 miles
S E of Pifco, in Peru, and is inhabited Iiy
joo Spaniards. It is a beautiful and rich
town, having a large church, 3 convents,
and an hofpital. About 6 leagues from
the town is its port, called Puerto Queni-
ada.
YetfiUfOr Jea(«, the Bortbera pointof
the
in Ter-
pointof
the
YOR
the bay of Mancenilla, in the iiland of St.
Domingo.
YeUotv Mtuntatn. See Tenrffee.
Ylo, a port of Peru, in Los Charcos con-
venient for loading and unloading, in lat.
i8 ri. The town of the fame name lies
about a quarter of a league to the wind-
ward of the river, and is inhabited by In-
dians. Frczier calls it Hila.
Yobigany, the principal branch of Mo-
nongahela river, called alfu Toughlogeny,
and Toxbiigem, purfues a N W courCs, and
pafTea through the Laurel Mountain,
about 30 miles from its mouth ; is, fo far,
from 300 to i JO yards wide, and the nav-
igation much obftrui^ed in dry weather
by rapids and fhoals. In its pafTagc
through the mountain it makes very great
falls, admitting no navigation for 10 miles,
to the Turkey foot. Thence to the
Great Crofling, about jo miles, it is again
navigable, except in dry feafons, and at
this place is aoo yards wide. The I'our-
ces of this river are divided from thole
of the Patowmack, by the Alleghany
Mountain. From the falls, where it in-
terfecfts the Laurel Mountain, to Fort
Cumberland, the head of the navigation
to the Patowmack, is 40 miles of very
movntaiuou!* road. The country on this
river is uneven, but in the vallies the foil
ii> extremely rich. Near to Pittlhurg the
country i« well peopled, and there, as
well as in Redftone, all the comforts of
life are in the greateft abundame. This
whole country abounds with coal, whitu
lies almod on the furface of the ground.
Tankers, a. port town of N. York- '•■> W.
Chefter co. bounded E by Bronx iiver.
It contains 11 76 inhabitants.
TowHjT Frederick'' s JflanJ, on tiie N. V-'.
coafl: of N. America, divide* Port lit jra-
ham. See Port Ingrabam.
Tert, a river of Virginia, wlucii lalo's
its rife near the Blue Ridge, and .^mptie?
into tlie Chefapeak, a little S of Mr>bjack
Bay. At York Town it «(I«^ds thr bell
harlx/«»r in the State, w!ii-^h will H<^mit
veflelf of tlie largeft fizc The rivr.
there narrows to the width of a mile, and
is contained within very high banks, clofe
tnider which the vefle's may ride. It has
4 fathoms wattr at high tide, for j,c mi'cs
above York, to the mouth of Poropotanir,
where the river is a mile and half wi^
and the cliaunel only 75 fathoms palftng
under ;i very high bank. At the confkk-
<;nce of Pamuatty and Mattapony it '•m
but J fariuinis depth, which continues up
PtknvMkky to Cumberland, where tbt width
YOR
is ICO yards, and up Matapony to within
z miles of frazer's Ferry, where it be-
comes aS^ fathoms deep, and holds that
about 5 miles.
Tori, a river of York co. Maine, which
runs up 7 or 8 miles, and affords a tolera-
ble harbour for veflels under 200 tons.
The rocks, however, render it fomewhat
difficult and hazardous for ftrangers.
}'6m(, a maritime and populous co. of
M^.ine, bounded F. by Cumberland, .S by
the ocean, W by N. Hampfliire, from
which it is fcpzratcd by Salmon Fall i iv-
er, and N by Canada. It is well watered
by Saco, Moufom, and other ftreams, and
is divided into 20 tovvnflups,and contains
37,729 inhabitants. Chief town, York.
5"ori,a poll town of Maine, in York co.
9 miles N E of Portfmouth, in N. Hamp-
fliirc, 20 S of WelU, and 75 from Bolton.
N Iftt. 43 16. U is a poit of entry and cap-
ital of the county. The river of its name
empties into York ii.irbour. It is navi-
gable for ven"ils ( / 2JO tons. About a
mile from the lea is a wooden bridge
acrofs the river, 270 feet in length, which
was ere«ffed in 1761. Before the war,
25 or 30 veffels were employed in the W.
India trade, and coafting bulinefs, hut
their veflels were taken or deftroyed,
and little marine buf-nefs is now done,
except that a fmall fifliery is fupported.
This townfliip was fettled in 1630, and
called Agamenticus, from the hill of that
name which is a noted land mark for mar-
iners. In 1640, or 4::. ?t. Ferdinand Gor-
"^8 incorporated a great part of it by the
c.me of Gorgitini, and appointtd a mayor,
: 'de:me '., recorder, though tliis circum-
lii.ice leems not to have added to iti
wealth or importance. In the ye;i.r if>^i,
the Inci'-^ns took the town by I'urprife,
and burn' nofl .if he houfe.", and 150
I srfo"s were killed or captivated. It
contains 2776 inhabitants. Fifli of vari-
ous kinds freqi! ■' , the rivers and fliorcs
(/f thffea coiiiiguous. In a calm feafon,
in the lunvnc, one may (land on the rocks
of the (lunt; id catch them in the fea,
with a line, uc even with an angling rod,
and a fathim or two of line.
Tan', a county of Pennfylvania, bound-
ed F. and h F. by Sufquehannah river,
whi/rli feparates it from Lancafter and
Dauphinc counties, and S by the State of
Maryiand. . contains 18 townfliips, and
25,643 inhabitants.
Tori, a port town and capital of the
above county, fituated on the E lidc of
Codorus Creek, vhkh empties into the
^hifquchaunab.
i
:li
yoR
true
Sufqaehannah. It contains about jOO
rjoul'e feveral of which are of brick.
The town in regular!/ laid out ; the pub-
lic buildings are a court houfe, a flone
gaol, a record oiTicc, handfomely built, an
Rcademy, a German Lutheran, a German
Calvinid. a Prclbyten.m, Roman Catho-
lic, and MoraTian church, and a Quaker
meeting houfe. It is 22 miles W S W of
l.ancafler, 51 N W by W olH.irtford, in
Maryland, 199 N E of Staunton, in Vir-
ginia, and J{H VN' of Philadelphia.
VortyTi diflri£t of S. Carolina, bounded
E by Catabaw river, N by N. Carolina ;
S hy Chefter co. and W by Broad river,
which divide* it from Spartanburg, and is
one of the mofl: agreeable and healthy
p«rt8 of the (late, and well watcied by
Ca'abaw and Broad rivers, and their
tribu'^aric:. It contains 10,248 inhabit-
ants, of whom 1804 are (lavts. At the
court houfe is a poft office.
Tori, a CO. of Virgiiii^i, bounded N by
Vork river, which divide^ ic fiom G'ou-
celler co. S by Warwick ; E by Elizabeth
City CO. and W by that of James City.
It contains ilii free inhabicants, and
«C20 flares.
Tork, or TcrktoivKjA port of entry and
polt town of Virginia, and capital of York
CO. It is agreeably fituated on the S fide
of York river, where the river is fud4icn-
Iv cnntradled to a narrow compafs, op-
pofite to Gloucefter, and a mile diftant,
where there is a fort fronting; that on
the York fide, about 11 miles W by S of
Toes Point; at the mouth of the river.
The banks of the river are very high, and
ved'els of the greateft burden may ride
clofc under them v ith the greateft fafe-
ty. It contains about 60 or 70 houfes, a
goal, an Epifcopal church, and a tobacco
ware houfe. In 1790, it contained 661
inhabitants, of whom 372 were flaves.
lis exports, in the year 1794, amounted
to 71,578 dollars. It will ever be famous
in the American annals for the capture
of Lord Cornwallis and his army, by the
combined forces of the United States and
France, which took place on the 19th of
O<51obcr, I78t. It is la miles E by S of
Williamfburg, 41 N W of Hampton. 7a
E S E of Richmond, 350 & S W of Phi-
ladelphia, and 19a from WaHiiogton. N
lat. 37 2' 30, W Ion. 76 5a.
Toris a town of Upptr Canada, fituated
on the N W fide of Lake Olitario, and
if. diifis^ned to be the future feat of gov-
ernment of that province. The public
Ituildings arc c'red.i»g. It is 40 miles N
by Wof Niagara Fort, and 120 W S W
of Kingfton. N lat. 43 45, W Ion. 79,
or 4 W of Philadelphia.
Tork Bay, is 9 miles long, and4 broad,
and fpreads to the fouthward before the
city of N. York. It is formed by the con-
fluence of £. and Hudfon't rivers, and
cmbofoms feveral fmal! iilands, of which
Governors Illand is the principal. It
communicates with the Ocean through
tlie Narrows, between States and Long
Iflands, which are fcarcely 2 miles wide.
The paiTage up to N. York, from Sandy
Hook, the ooiut of land that extends fur-
theft into the fea, is fafe, and not above
ao milcfi in length. The common navi-
gation IS between the £ and W banks,
in about a a feet water. The light houfe
at Sandy Hook U iu lat. 40 30 N, and
Ion. 74 a W.
York Fort, on the S W fliore of Hudfon's
Bay, at the mouth of Port Nelfon river,
is 160 miles wefterly of Severn Houfe,
N lat. 571 51, W Ion. 9a 46 40.
York Harbor, lies within the elbow
formed by S. Head, in the Bay of Iflands,
Newfoundland Ifland.
York IJland, one of the Gallipago iflands,
on the coaft of Peru.
Yorh IJlf, or Ijlonds, lie in S lat. 50 37,
aboui JO leagues from the coaft of Pata-
gonia, in S. America, and are inhabited.
Trinity Hie lies due E of them near the
main land.
Yorh Ledgr, on the coaft of Alainc.
From York Harbour to York Ledge, the
courfe is S E 2 leagues.
York MifJIer, on the S coaft of the ifl-
and Terra del Fuego, is 19 leagues at E S
E from Gilbert Ifland. S lat. SS *6, W
Ion. 70 25.
York Roaif, or Bay, in tbe Straits of
MagelLin, in S. America, is 10 miles from
Cape Crofs Tide. S lat. 53 39, W Ion.
75 52. .
Yorktown, a townfliip of N York, Well
Chefter co. E of PeeklkiM, las 1716 in-
habitants.
Yuu^h GlaJcs, a poft town Alleghany co,
Maryland, 173 ■•le»from Vaibington.
Youghiogeiiy. See Yobo^any.
YoMHf;/I(>tvn, a poft towr m the co. of
Trumbull in the State of Ohio, eowtain-
ing in 1800, 503 inhabitants ; 66 miles N
W of Pittfburg and 10 from Warren. Set-
tled from Pennfylvania and N. England.
The main branch of the Big Beaver di-
vides this town. It is 329 miles from
Wafliington.
7'iK(rt0n, one of (he 7 provinces of tl^e
audience
2 AC
2UY
>
budiehce ■• "-xico, in Nevi^ Spain. The
firitifli h : to cut logwood and
carry it the treaty of 1783, in
the tradi a Rio Honde and Balize
rivers.
Tuimi: Bjy of. See Higuey.
Tuna, a river of the idand of St. Domin-
go, which runs an £ S E and E courfc,
and empties into the W end of th.' Bay
of Saniana. It rifes near Monte Chrifb
river. It is navigable no farther than
Cotuy, 13 leagues from its moucii.
^ACA'TECAS, a province 01 New
Spain, bounded by New Bifcay on the N,
by P^nucnon on the E, Mechoacan.Gua-
ddlajura, ^ind Cti:amctlan on the S, and by
part of Chiamctun and Cuiiacan on the
W. It is well inhabited, and abounds
witli large villages. The mines here are
reckoned the riciieft in America.
Zacatecas, the capital of the above
province, fituated under tlic tropic of
Cancer, 40 leagues N of Guadalajara, and
80 N W of Mexico. Its garrifon con (ids
of about 1000 men, and there are about
800 families of (laves, ivho work in the
mines jiu' other laborious work. N lat.
»3 S9, W Ion. 103 so.
Zacallan, a town of Mexico. Sec An-
gths,
Zacntiila, a fmall feaport town of the
province of Mechoaean, fituated at the
mouth of the river of the fame name, on
the coa(t of the Pacific Ocean. N lat. 17
a2,Wlon. 104 J 8.
11
Zacheo, Or Drfedio, a fmall ifland, 8 or
9 leagues to the N E by N of Mona, be-
tween the ifland of St. Domingo, and that
of Porto Rico. It u nothing more than
a green mountain, 800 or 1000 yards long.
Zamora, a city of Peru, in S. America,
aoo miles S of Qiiito, which is pretty
large, and the houfcs well built of timiicr
and ftone. The church and convent
of Dominicans, are both elegant (Iruc-
turcs. There are feveral gold mines in
the neighbourhood of the city, but few
of them are worked. S lat. 4 10, W Ion.
77 .5.
Zantpvillf, a port town, in the ftate of
Ohio, on the Scioto river, about 80 miles
from its mouth.
Zoart a tTA&. of unincorporated land
in Bcrkfliire co. Maflachufetts, contain-
ing a 15 inhabitants.
Zapotecat, a river of New Spain which
runs N K into the Gulf of Mexico. A
fort of the fame name (lands on the N W
bank of the river, about 250 miles S E
from the city of Mexico.
Zelito, or Zlltio, one of the forts for the
proteiftion of the harbour of Carthagena,
on the N coaft of S. America.
Zitar, a town of Terra Firma, S.Amer-
ica, near to and S from the head of the
gulf of Daricn.
Zoncohiican, mountains in Guaxaca, ia
New Spain, which give rife to Papaloa-
pain or Alvarad river.
Zonojhio, the chief town of tlie Seneca
Indians, 2 miles N of Seneca Lake.
ZuyJt River, a name in Dutch maps giv-
en to Delaware river.
V01..X,
0«««
,ilPP£NDi:(;
II'
: I •
n)\
>■■ ;. ,>
T:i
nn.'.
•»G
-rC -
J^*»\
APPENDIX.
"£
•1 C ,'■»■•
,>>*
. ,^v,
; 'Cii; I
ARK
-^z
l-rrt"
■\''
IDAMS, a town In Grafton co. New
■Hampfliire, containing 180 inhabitants.
Appoquinimink, a town in New Caftle co.
Delaware, containing 4x45 inhal)itants.
^r/'an/iw, a river of I^ouifmna, which
falls into the MiHifippi, 158 miles above
the Yazoo river. It is fo called from
a nation of Indians of the fame name. Its
fource is nearly in the latitude of Santa
Fee in New Mexico, and it is faid to be
navigable for batteaux 750 miles. It runs
througit an immenfely rich and fertile
country. About 10 or \i miles up this
river from the Milfifippi, there was for-
merly a fort, garrifoned generally by a
company of Spanilli foldiers, for the pur-
pofe of dei^nding the trade carried on
between New Orleans and the leveral vil-
lages of St. GenevivL', &c. and particular-
ly for defending the commerce w'tli the
Arkanfaw Indians, confiding of about 280
warriors who were as much attached to
the French intereft as the Ciiickafaws
were to that of the Knglifli. No fettle-
meiits were made here except i or i for
the immediate accommodation of the
garrifon. The inundation of the Milli-
iippi, abovit 3 years ago, occafioncd tiie
evacuation ot the above poll:, and t.he
<ftabiifliment of another on the north-
ern bank of the R. 36 mi'es higher up.
This port ronfiftingof a fubahcrn's com-
mand. (^ pieces of cannon and 8 (vvivels,
was attackrd, abiuit iK months liiu-e, by a
pii-Tty tif t'hlckaltw*, who killed 10 fol-
diers of tl.ie garrilon, nnd loon nfU 1 loii-
cludi'd n poHcii wlih thcMpiiniiiiih. There
U A hamlet clofe to the fort inhabited
only by morrhuifs ani^ traders. The
Ark lul'iiv I'ivt'i difchargcs ItfeJf into the
Miflilippi by two channels, about if
miles from each other; the upperu'oftis
called Riviere Blanche, fnmi its rr ceiv-
in<!; a river of ihitt name, reported to be
navigaMe 600 miles, and the foil tKrough
which it runs equal in ^juality to ^ny on
i\\<i M:;lilippi, Uu I'l-at'z.
■ ■
\/-
noi
10
.f..
1>
:;.A1
BAL
Af:of,a. town iu Lower Canada, on both
fides of St. Francis river, 15 miles N E
from the N E point of Lake iNfemphrem-
agog. This town is fituated in the cen-
ter of new fettlements, formed by emi-
grants from various parts of the United
States, chiefly fiom N. England, in this
part of Canada, and will probably be the
feat of judice far a diRrit^ cndiracing the
above fettlements. The townfliips are
laid out 10 mile-i fquare. This town con-
tains about .^00 inhabitants and is fad in-
creafing. The coinitry, in this neigh-
bourhood, is remarkably fine, covered
with i'ugar m.iple, intermingled with
butternut, chn, bafs wood and birch.
Wheat and corn are raifed here in large
crops. It is a good grazing country.
The river in this place is from .•^o Iu jO
rods wide, :mdfurnii1ies fine fifli, fuch as
falmon, fturgcon, trout, pike, pickerel,
bafs, and eels, [t-ee Sbipioti.] Tiie terri-
tory between the St. Lavrcnce and tht
United States, 16, a great pat t of it, laid
out in tovvniliips of 10 miles liquare and
is faft ftttling. Provilion is made by
the government for the maintenance of
free foliools,in all places where the inhab-
itants are able and difpofed to furniili
fchool houfes.
ylJhLy, a town in Georgia, Lincoln co.
containing 498 inhabitants.
At'jin.,ii\(}\ioigu, the feat of the Uni-
verllty.
yliiniijl.1, a town in Bracken co. Kenr
tucky, containing 143 inhabitants.
Aiigujld, a townfliip of Oneida co. N.
Yorkj on Oneida creek, S E of Oneida Cat
t!t ; containing 1398 iiihabitants.
B
BaIE PAIRRE, a fettlement In tlic
MifTifippi territory, Pickering cot con-
taini\ig 779 inhabitants.
Baltimore, a town in SufTex co. Delaware,
iCcotaining 1395 inhabitauta.
S:
I
li
BET
CAM
^ B*riptaUt a towQ in Lineola ca Oeor*
gia, containing 673 inhabitanti.
SarnfloH, a townfliip in Lower Canada,
on the line which dividet Vermont from
Canada, having Sta^ftead W, $|fid Camp-
ton N, and contains about 500 fouls.
Barret, (formerly Wil4enburgh j) ^
townfliip in Orange fo. Vermont, con-
taining 919 inhabitants.
Batav!a,a, town in Geneflee ca N.
York, on the great road to Niagara, 10 or
a a miles W of Geneflee river. Here i*
a handfome court houfe, and a number
of dwelling houfes, whofe appearance is
indicative of an infant though thriving
fettlement. This town is fituated within
the limits of an extenfive tradV, purchafed
by a companv of Hollanders, called the
" Dutch purchafe," and is fettling under
their dire<flion. Grni/.
Bath, ii) Grafton co. It. Hampfliire .The
Great Amonoofock paHes through a cor-
ner of this town, and furniihes a variety
of excellent mil( feats. Already, in 1803
are ereAed 2 grill mills, % faw mills, i
forge, 1 clothiers works, and a carding
n^achine. In the towns adjacent, is found
ore of an excellent quality, about 12 miles
from this forge ; a handfome meeting
houfe with a fleeple has lately been ere<Sk-
ed in this town.
Batm Rouge, a fettlement on the E tide
of the MifliUppi, abovethe parifli of Man-
chac, which is about 9 leagues in extent,
•26 leagues below New Orleans. It is
the firft place on the river wliere hard
land approaches the river. Here it rtfes
30 or 40 feet above the highed floods, and
extends a conflderable dillance back be- |
fore it finks into fwamps. ThomfonV !
Creek, and Bayou Sara are fubnrdinate i
to Baton Rouge. The head waters of I
thcfe Gceeks are above lat. 31. Iheir i
banks have the beAfoil, and more num- |
crous cotton plantations than any other I
part of Louifiana. In this pl.incation is !
a remarkable cyprcfs tree; a fliip carpcn- 1
ter offered to make a pettyaugres from '.
it, one of 14, and one o^' i^ tonis. '' It tifes
fo out of fight that the height could never
be meafurcd." One of the firft adventur-
ers who landed hore, happened to fay,
t'.iat tree would make a good walking
flick, and cyprefs wood being red, tKe
place was called Baton Rouge.
Du Pratz, Jejprfon.
Belle Fountaine, a village in the Indiana
territory, St. Claire coi containing 286
inhabitants.
Betbleham, a town in Grafton co. N.
Hampfliire, eontaimng 17X inhabitantif
Big Blaei, a fettlement in the Mtflifippi
territory, Pickering co. containing 158 in-
habitants.
Big Sft-iitg, in Geneflee co. N. York,
a few miles Wof Geneflee liver, in the
town of Southampton, on the road to Nia-f
gara is reckoned a great curiofity. The
water which ifl!ues from it, covers fevetal
acres, and forms a fiream fuflicient to
carry feveral mills, which are fituated pn
It. Crev>.
Bolton, a townfhip, in L. Canada, on the
W fide of the northern part of Mem-
phremagog, having about 250 inhabitant*,
20 miles Wof Afcot.
Bridgeport, Fairfield co. Ses NnefiiU.
Broad Greek, a town in SuflTex co. Dela-
ware, containing 1819 inhabitants.
Brampton, a townfliip on the S W bank
of St. Francis, in L. Canada, N W of Afcot,
and has about 100 inhabitants.
BrooHine, townfhip, in Windham co.
Vermont, was made out of part of Athene
and Putney, in 1794.
Buffaloe and Bate Sarah, fettlements iq
the Mifljfippi territory, Adams co. con-
taining 63J inhabitants.
Li AB ARRAS Co. in N. Carolina. On 4
creek in this co. a bed of gold ore has late-
ly been found, frqm which has been tak-
en a lump of aSlbs. eftimated to be worth
between 5 and 6000 dollars. The land,
on which this ore is found, btlohgs to
Mr. John Reed, a native of Hefle Caflel,
Germany. North Carolina paper, Dec, 5,
i8o>
Cambria, 9 fettlement confiding of
io,0QO acres, formed by emigrants froni
Wales, on the waters of Conemaug and
Black Lick, in Somcrfet co. Pennfylva-
nia, begun in the autumn of 1796. In
this fettlement is laid out a town named
Beula, ; mile fquarc ; 395 acres in which
are appropriated to the benefit of the firft
fetllers for pi^blic buildings, fchools, a li-
brary, and tor the encouragement of agri-
culmre and manufa(!lures ; and 200 acre*
in the fettlement, for the diflfc^ninating of
religious knowledge. It is 13 miles from
the Fiankftown branch of the Jtihiata, 13
frorn the W branch of the Sulquehanna,
14 from Clearfield creek, and 8 from
Chert C^ek ; on the Juniata road froim
Philadelphia to Pittfbiirg, about 230
miles from the former and 80 from the
latter. Five hundred ground lots (58
feet
CHE
COE
feet by lis) >° the town, were offered for
fale (1797) at lodolU. each, payable in
cafh, or valuable books to form a public
library in the town for the ufe of the fet-
tle rs. Harrit,
Camden, a townihip of Oneida co. N.
York, N of the lake, and embracing the
weftern branch of Fifli creek ; containing
384 inhabitants.
Canada. The Spaniards were the iird
who difcovered Canada. On therr arri-
val in the country, finding nothing which
they thought valuable in it, they foon
abandoned it, and named it // Cafodi na-
da, that is A Cape of Nothing, hence by cor-
ruption fprung the word Canada, which
is ufed in all our maps. Hinnipin.
CaftUton, a village in the townihip of
Bchoodack, in Renflitlaer co. N. York.
Cedar Creek, a town in Suflex en. Dela-
ware, containing 35 13 inhabitant!).
Cbafalia, the weftern mouth of the Mif-
fifippi. It is the firft branch that turns
ofF from the main dream. It leaves the
Miffilippi in the W part of the remarka-
ble bend to the W, which it makes jud
below the 31° of N tat^-and appears to
have been the Red River. Once proba-
bly the courfe of the Mifliflppi kept a
diretSt courfe from Clarkfvillc to Bayou
Tunica ; water now runs acrofs this
neck, when the river is high, and
feveral ponds lie in this fpace ofS miles;
but the river breaking through its W
bank to fweep an arch of 50 miles, flung
iitfelf into the channel of Red river, and
when again it turned £,part of its waters
continued in the channel, and that por-
tion is now Chafalia. RedR.now entersthe
Miffifippi where its banks were fird brok-
en through by that conquering ftream.
The ^rees carried down the current of
Chafaija, have legged and formed an im-
menfe floating bridge, over which not only
men, but cattle and horfes may pafs.
Cbatbam, a townlbip in Grafton co. N.
Hampfliire, containing 183 inhabitants.
Cbattaboucbe, a large river navigable
from its mouth above the S line of the
fJnited States. Sloops afeend to the
mouth of Flint river. The banks are
low for 40 miles from the mouth, and ex-
cepting a few places, are inundated every
Tear. Limedone is found a few miles
Dclow Flint river, and afcending this river
iron ore is difcovered. See jipatachicola.
Ellicott.
Cherfecocit, a town in Orange co. N.
York, has an 6 inbabitaati. It is W of
$toney Point.
Cbetfea, ft townfhip in Orange eo. Ver«
mont, coutaining 897 inhabitants.
Cbiago, a river which empties into the
S part of Lake Michigan, in the N- W,
Territory. The head waters of this riv«
er interlock with the waters of the Illi-
nois river. The government of the U. S,
has lately determined to ereift a fort at
Cbiago, on the mouth of this river, on the
bank of the Lake, and another (fort hat
already been built on the head waters of
the two rivers above named. Thefe will
complete a chain of forts and garrifons,
from Fort Adams, below the Natchez to
Niagara, through the heart of the Wed-
ern country. The number of troop$
that garrifon thefe forts, arc notfufficient
to repel a formidable enemy, but to keep
in fubjedlion and awe the natives of the
wildernefs, whofe enmity has ceafed to be
the terror of Americans. The Company
of Infantry who it to build, and garrifon
the fort at Cbtago, arrived there lafl fum-
mer. The warriors in the neighbour-
hood of that place colIe(5led together and
told the commanding offlcer th.it it would
be againft their confent if the fort was
ereifted, and if he perfevered in building,
they would eolle<5t 3 or 400 of their warri-
ors and oppofe their defign. The cfliccr
replied that he was fent there by the Gov-
ernment of the United States to build a
fort, and he fliould proceed on with .nil
pofllble difpatch. And thus the bufintfa
it is fuppol'cd will terminate.
Chili, extends from the uninhabited
parts of Atacama, which divides it from
Peru N, to the Illes de Chiloc on the S,
and from the Pacific Ocean W to the
foot of the Andes or Cordilleras. It it
divided into two biflioprtcks or provin-
ces, St. Jago, and Conception, each of
which has an Intendent. St. Jago is the
capital of Chili ; it was founded in 1541,
and contains 30,500 inhabitants. About
a million of fpecie is annually coined in
this city. The fubordinate cities in thit
great kingdom, are Coquimbo, Chilian,
Conception, and Valdivia ; and the prin-
cipal towns are Valparaifo, Capiapo, Val-
lenar, St. Francifco de Borja, St. Raphael
de la Rofa, La Ligua, Quillota, Los An-
des, Mellipilla, St. Jofeph, Acongua, St,
Ferdinand, Curico, Taica, Linores, Nue-
va, Bilhoa, and Caugcres. Vancouver.
Cinthiana, a town in Harrifon co. Ke&«
tucky, containing 87 inhabitants.
Coeneeub, a river of Florida, which fallt
into Penfacola bay, which it an excellent
harbour. The river it navigable withii^
m
("^^
FRE
FRE
rtellneof the United StatM. VefTtlg.wIiich
cir.ku' luit more t!iiii 21 feet of w.itLr,
may lalV ly crof* the bar at any time Tlie
burik^ (.f the river arc iuiiiiJ.itcd, a large
|M>rti(in Mi' every fpriiiy, inim its muiitl)
m.'.iiy mil >> above tlit- S line oi t!ie U. S.
witli the cxeeptio:> of a very few places.
Ceti-lii-/?^-r, Conncifv'cut. Tti Ivov. 1S03,
an aciikni y l)v tlic name of .'//.«» ^ ailetify,
Vi'in <n>i;ni;d in thi-j town. fcr. the ae-
ooinir.odatiop. of the feliolars, a 1.. ge,cle-
;aii> hriek buiKlitig l.iis lice 1 < T'-Clei', 75
y .54 fc'Ct in U/c, aiul ,; fiories li'jih. It
it. divide J ii to a l\)aeimi.^ itall, ami cin-
v-;nicnt ap:'.riru-r't J for t'lj diiiercnt
i;r,iuchc,s of iiiftruclion. Tlie funds of
tU( Infhtu'.ion, iunouiit ;ci 36,000 do'Iu'i.
C7c./^■^t■;■, enters the K:jiiha\/a on t'ic
W fide ahotit ,50 inil-;s from Its inoulh.
Its letigtli is about ico miles.
C'lc's Cf.vi, a fottleiri'rot In Mi'Hiippi
trrrritory, Picltfrir.g eii. roiuainlng 14^3
inhahitaiiti.
CoitcurJ, a town in C;ih;u ras co. I>. C.ir-
oliiiii, containing ^^ iuhalj.tants.
n.
D
^r.F.RFir..LP, a townfliip of Oneida
CO. K. Yi>rl-, on t!ie I ''oIi.-'v.-Il Riv.-r, op-
ponte Utier.. It has ic.(8 inh; !)itaut8.
Djivcniry, f.iiicnd'.red to the BriliHi,
Sept. iji, iSpj. , ,
E
J^LTZAnEril I'OIVN, is fitnated in
llarden co. Kcniucky, and contains j;6 in-
h;;bitant8.
EU'icuttfviUe, a town in the MiiTifippi
territory, Pickering co.'containiug j6 in-
habitants.
Tif/n-ranzJ, a villajjc on the W fide of
Hudfon river, oppofitc Hudfcn city. See
EJf^qucho. fiirrcnikred to the Britifli,
F
Fair chills, a fettlcmcnt in the
MifVifippi territory, Fickering co. contain-
ing 3 ; J inhabitants.
F7h-oiith, a town in Pendleton co. Ken-
tucky, containing 40 inliabitants.
ircri-.in, a plantation on Sebafticook
fiver, Kennebcck co. Maine, containing
3J4 inhabitaiils.
IREDp^^IA' UQder thig new generic
^'P ' ^ ' " .
name ' is eotnprehcndcd the v ' ole Ttr»
ritory now under tlic government of the
tbiitcd Staten ; bound' d N by Tipper and
. V rr C.ir.ad.i, L by N. IJninb.ick and
<h i:!antic Ocean, S by I'lorid.i and the
(iulfiir Mexl >, W by N. Mexirti and
the !^lii:iing Mi unt;iins, which divide the
ncfl.i-n w.iteru 'if the Miflfii'ppi. froin
tliofe which f.dl into the Pi' ifie Ocean.
'I'lila T».i- itnry lies bctvvei n J.) and ^O N
I It. and 66. 'lid 116 W Ion. I'loni Gnen-
\i'ii.h. Its extreme Li ^tli (r ,.n F. to \V
i i iijiwrirds of 20( o miitii, and its ixtrcinc
brcachh iibont i^oo. Ir 's tftimatcd to
euiKaiii ne.ifly 3.OO0.DCO fi^uarc miles,
wh'ch in fourfiftis as niariy a's are
e:)i.taincd in all F.uropc. It is about
twee the five of ths Chincfe Empire,
aa.l if wc except RuIUa, it is by fir the
lavjjell territory on earth, vliofe in-
iiab.rr.nts live ur.dcr the fame general
'government. The Miffuippi river
c.ivldes Frc.hnia nearly in iti Cfntic,
l':a\ing 1,000,000 fqi'are miles t of it, in
the ;iiefent U. Slates, and nearly tfce fame
ni r.iher of fquarc milc» W of it. The
vi.Ie, if it may be fo calltd, between the
Ailcghafiy and Sliining Monataitis, which
i.. interfiled by the MifTifippi, and wa-
tered by its numerous r.nd large caftern
and wcKern biuaehcs, cunt.iins neatly a
inillic.i and a half fcpiare miles, and may
be r..ekoned among the flneft portions
of the globe. Fi\'h;iij ha.s a fea coafl of
many thoufaiid ni les in extent, along
which are but few illands of much import-
ance, but full of harbours, many of
tliem equal to any in the wgrtd.' Its
mountains, lakes, and rivers, are all upon
a large feale. Its climate and foil are
adapted loalnioftallthe variety of produc-
tions which the eaith affords. Over the
vafi furface of Predonia are fcattered, in
fome parts (particularly K.Engl^nd) thick-
ly, but generally very fparfely, about five
millions anda half of mhabitants, cxclufivc
of Indians, a feventb part ofvhom are in
flavcry. The /'rf..'on/anj,cxcept the aborigi-
nal inhabitants, and the negroes imported
from Afric,i,andtheirdcfccndants of every
fliade, art- a people collti^cd from almoft
every nation in Europe, and tlieir poftcr-
jlv. A part of Frfi/onia, which fliould
h:vebeen introduced under the head of
Loui/i.i/ia, but accidentally omitted in its
plaec, is here fobjoined.
General dtfcription nf Vppir Louiftana,
" When compared with the Indiana ter-
ritory,
• rlii ri-akii\c t'l'i ;iilo)iriii.t rli":s name are men-
tiuiicil ill tlwiJitiattf, whicli lee.
FRE
FllE
ritory,thc fare of the coiiutrv in Upper
Liiuiiuna i. rather more brolctn, chi)ii}',h
the loii in equally fenilt. • It ij a f.icl not
to be ciiutcded, that tl»c W liile of rlic
^^^rcr poiKH'tB fomf »dv miagit, not ;;• nr-
rally iiui.knt to thofe rcjjion',. It is cU- j
vatcil and healiliy, iml wlU w.itcrcd v.iili !
a variity of lirjji* r.ipid (lr<.airi«, ial( ulat- |
ed for mill* anil otiior v.';it. r work*. ;
From cape Giraiidciii, above- tUc nioiitU i
of the Oliij, \'> ihc Mil!'i>uil, tlr.' lami on ;
the L fidcof tli«*Mil'iiii>pi i, low .11. I flat, ]
and occafiiin illy ixpoltd to imiudntioiu ; j
that on the I.()iiifi->na lidc con,! uiuis to 1
the ri/tT, i» iitii.r.illy miicli lii;. i" uiid
in many plac.s v.iy 10 Wy <<i) tli. ••')rf.
Some ot the hii'^ht* tx^ib t a l"cc:i '/
picliircfiiiie. rlity lilc to a lui .u
Icall 30a feet, fLictd with pirpei^ . ular
lim.- and frLv/luiii:, carved into various
fliapfs -"nd %iircs by 1 !ic hand of ntture,
audalTo'-d the apptaraiicc ol a inr.hltudj
of antiqiu towcti* ! I'lotn the tops ol thru;
elevations, the land j^raditdly (lopt, bxi k
from the river, without j^rivcl or rod.,
and is covered witn valuable timbi'r. It
may br faid with tiuth that, fur fertility
of foil, na part of the world < xcccds the
borders ofthc Midifippi • the land yithU
an abundance of all the ntcciraricN of lil'e
and alnioll Iponrancoully ; vcr} little la-
bour bein;^ rtquired in tin- mitivation
of the earth ! That part of Upper Louifia-
na, wliicli borders on New Mexico, is
one imm'jnfe f'mirie ,- it produces nothi i;;
but grals ; it is filled with buftaloc, deer,
andotl'c r Hudsof^'ame; the land is rtpre-
fented as too rich for the growth of tortft
trees. ft is pretended thrit U. Louifi-
ana cintains in i's bowels many filver and
copper mines, and various fpecimens of
both are ethibittd. Several trials hr.vc
been made to afcertain the fae^ ; but the
want of (kill in the artifts has hitherto
left the fubjccl undecided. The fait
works are aU'o pretty numerous ; fomc
belong to individuals ; others to the pub-
lic. They already yield an abundant liip-
ply for the confumption of the country ;
aiid if properly managed, might become an
a tiele of more general exportation. '1 !ie
ufual price per builiri it 15^ cents in cajb at
the works. This price will be flill lower as
foon as the manufacture of the fait is af-
funieJ by government, or pritrooized by
men who have large capitals to employ
in the bufinofs. One extraordinary fadl
relative to fait mufV not be omitted.
The-'e exifts about looo miles up the
Mi^iburi, and not far from that rivcrj a
name are men-
.9j.V Mountain .'/ The cxifttncc of fiich a
mountain mirht well be t(iie.l one.'., wtro
it not for tlic teltiinory of fe* eral relppi t-
a'>le ai^d cnteriril'inj- tr.idcrs, wlut liuv(!
vificd 't, and wlio have exhibited itvt imI
tiulliels of tlie Jalt to llic curiufity of tlic
people of St. Louis. wKeie fi'iiie I'l it II II
rjm jin«. A fp'.'rimen ot tin' .'auie l.iK ii u»
Inen fciit to \.'.irictfa, 'I'hl- mountain i*
laid n> lie iJ'o niil ■^ 'long. and 4 , in v«i(li|i,
cori[!oled of I'll'il roek f.ilt, witlmut .'.ny
tr' t .,or even flu-ub> en it '! .Salt i'prings.'irc
very luinicrous bene ith the fiiil'ace of the
^(.^^^"in, ami tlicy How tlirouj;!! tiic -i.'-
fiire:> ai'.il cavilu:. »f it. C ;'.v».'s of l:iU-
petTL- arj fin.ud in U. Louiliana, t!.oi";',!i
r.t loi.ie di;..!nce iro;n the JettUmiitJ.
Voiir men on a tradiui', voviige, Liuly di.'-
cov red die Icvsr.'.l huixlreu iiiiU'sup the
Mii'i'uri. 'J'hey ipcnt 5 or weeks m
tiif. manufacture of this attlile, ani! re-
turni'.'l to ."^t. l.tniii v.ich ;o. cv/t. of it. It
p,-.)ved to be good and tt.cy fold it IV..- a
lii;.;ii price. 'T he ge'^graphy i.; ilie MiliV-
lippi und Milfouri, and their continuity
for a great leiv^lh «f way, are but litth:
known. The truiers m'lert that, ico
mil<;s above their juuiT^iim, ;'. m.-.n ciny
WAik from one to the other in a d.iy ; an J
it if flill iiilerleditlnit 700 laiics llill liiylicr
up, the ])ort.tgc may be crciled in -i or ;
da/-. Tlii»p,'n;tjje i.l'rciiiu'nttjdbytradcr:*,
wiio carry oti a conrulerablc tr.ide with
foine of the Miffouri Indian*. Their
general rout:- i^i tlirough Gre'-n Hay,
wliiih is an :.r;n of 1 akc Michigan ; they
then pafs inio a fmall lake coniiccl-'il with
it, ard wliieh communicates with tlie Vox
river ; they then cvofs over a fl;ort port-
age intc) tlie Ouiftonlinjj river, which
unites with the MifTifippi fome diftance
b( low the falls of St. Anthony. It is alfo
faid that the traders communicate with
the Miflifippi above thele falh, through
Lake Superior, but their trade in that
quaiter is much lel's confiderable."
Jcfnfirt.
The great difTerence in climate, in the
m^des of obtaining fubfiftcnce.inl ngu?gc,
religion, and political opinions, and con-
fequently in the feelings and interefts of
the inhabitants, throughout this valf ter-
ritory, may for e\ er prevent any great
fimilatity of chara(£ler. The unavoidable
induffry and hardihood of the N. will al-
ways lorm a h.arfli contraft to the cafe
and indulgence of the S. What cfFed:
however, a generic name would have
in formir.g a uniform national chara«5fer,
I in defiance of ail thele obdacles, remains
to
*' ' I
IS l'\
m
%,
«>.
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IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
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Photographic
Sciences
Corporation
\
SJ
^^
23 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. 14980
(716)872-4503
4.
&>
A
\
to DC tried. Such a name has long Been a
deflderatum. To furnifli a fpecimen,
from which may be perceived the advan-
tage and convenience of fuch a name, is
the whole defign of this article.
KjrSRMANTovun, is fituated in bracken
CO. Kentucky, and contains 8i inhabit-
auts.
Grt:n Bay, on lake Michigan, contains
50 fouls.
Ha
'AJiDMNSBUSG,ttotrn in Bracken*
fidge CO. Kentucky, containing 49 in-
habitants.
Homo Cbitte, a fcttlement in the Mifli-
lippi territory, Adams cu. containing 763
inhabitants.
l&J
XNDIAN River, a town in Suflex co.
^Delaware, containing 1547 inhabitants.
Irtdtll, a townihip in Tcncfl'ec, Knox
to. containing i inhabitant.
Izaviaty a fcttlement on Red river, in
Louiiiana, 75 miles from its mouth, and
30 above the mouth of Black liver. It is
the firit high land that will admit of fct-
tlement, on account of the overilownig
of the river. It is called an ifl.iud, and is
fo at high water : it is a beautiful prairie,
on the S fide of Red river, about ao miles
in length, and 4 or 5 in breadth, of an
oval form, furmunded with tliick wood,
interfperfed with handfome clumps of
trees, tufted over with ^ne grafs, and fet-
tled all round the edge in a circular form.
Their fields are in the prairie, in front
of their houfes, and the centre of the pra-
irie (which is not cultivated) is covered
with cattle qra very large fize. In the
month of ^iarch. 1803, the number of
families was 296. The land, when
ploughed, has a very rich appearance, and
produces corn and cotton abundantly,
but not to be compared to the river lands,
or the Apalula or Tuckepa prairies.
Sibley.
yamejhn, a town of Martin co. N. Car-
olina, containing 69 inhabitants.
Jarmington, a town in Hyde co. N. Car-
olina, containing 46 inhabitants.
'Jtfftrfon, a town in the Miflifippi ter-
ritory, WaChingtoa co. containing 473 ia-
habitantt.
MAS
JoHUfSt.i. town in Kent co. Delaware |
containing ij 86 inhabitants.
iLlNtSTON, a town in TenefTee,
Knox county, containing 77 inhabitants.
M^'AiGL£, a townfliipofthe Indiana
Territory, St. Cbir co. having 250 fouls.
Lnuit and Rebobotb, a town in SuflcX
county, Delaware, containing 1514 iuhab«
itants.
Little Greet, a town in Kent co. Dela'
ware, containing 1908 inhabitants.
Little Creek, a town in Suficx co. Dela'
Ware, containing 2164 inhabitants*
LouifvilU, a town in JcfTtrfon co. Ken'
tucky, containing 359 inhabitants.
Lumberton, a town in Robcfon co. lit
Carolina, containing 173 inhabitants.
JvLALDONADO, a town fituated near
the mouth of the Rio de la Plata, in the
province of Montevideo, about one mils
diftant from its port, which is tolerably
good, and capable of receiving the largest
fhips. The houfes are built of brick, and
have uniformly flat roofs, made of flat
tiles and overlaid with lime mortar, one
ftory high. Six miles diftant from Mal-
donado, in the country, is another village
called Villa Nueva, a pleafant little place.
Maldonado has no foreign trade. Forejl.
Maris St. Fort, (lands on a point of land
at the confluence of the Apalachy and
another dream. Lat. 30 8 29 N. The
fort is of hewn limeildne ; the country
round is almoft as level as the waters in
the bay. When the tide, wliich rifes
about a or 3 feet, is aided by a S W wind,
the lands adjacent are overflown. The
foil is 2 or 3 feet deep, and lies on a hor-
izontal bed of limenone. About half aa
acre round the fort is raifed above the
tide, for a garden. Ellicott.
Majfacre JJle, an ifland on the coaft of
W. Florida, now the eaftern divifion of
Louifian;^, about ai miles long, and 3
broad. It received its name from the
colony of Frenchmen, who firft landed
here, in about 1718. They obfcrved an
unufual tminence, which, on examination,
proved to be an enormous pile of human
bones, and on inquiry, were informed that
a coDQucccd tribe of Iftdivu who repair-
a ri^ver c
into the
fide, in tl
V«i. I.
MON
NAT "
Delaware «
Teneflctj
habitants.
e Tndiatu
350 fouls.
in SuITcX
5l4iiihab*
CO. Dela'
lilts.
CO. Dela'
int8<
a CO. Ken'
ints.
:fon CO. iit
litaiits.
uatcd near
■lata, in the
ut one mila
is tolerably
g the largeft
f brick, and
lade of flat
mortar, one
from Mal-
>ther village
little place,
ide. Forejl.
oint of land
lalachy and
i9N. The
he country
e waters in.
which rifes
1 S W wind,
lown. The
es on a hor-
out half an
above the
Ellieott.
the coaft of
diviiion of
ong, and 3
e from the
firll landed
obfcrved an
ixamination,
le of human
iformed that
who rcpalr-
W here for fafcty, were purfued by their
cbemics, flain, and their dead bodies bu-
ried in this pile. They afterward chang-
ed the name, and called it Dauphin IJle.
. Mateptdiacb Late and JHwr, in Lower
Canada. The river is a northern branch
of Riftigouche river. The lake, which
)ias the fhape of a tree, gives rife to the
river, and lies about half \y between
the rivers St. l^awrence ami Riftigouchc.
Mjyfvilie, a town in M afon co. Ken-
tucky, containing 1.^7 iaiiubitants.
Melborne, a townfliip on the S W ban'i
of St. Francis river, oppolite Shipton, con-
taining about 150 fouls.
MicbiUimakinak,cy^n^z\ai^li^ fouls. .See
MicbiUimakinak. On the I ft of Auguftj
1800, were here from Canada, 300 boat-'
men.
Milier/iiir/r, a towrt in Bourbon co.
Kentucky, containing 91 inhabitants.
Minden, a towiidiip of Montgomery
CO. N. York, on the Mohawk river, E of
German flats. It has 2928 inhabitants.
Mifcoiu, an ifland about 10 miles long
and 6 wide, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence,
forming the S £ point of Chaleur Bay.
Mijtftppi. See a defcription of it un-
der the head, Louifuna.
MifpiUtn, a town in Kent co. Delaware,
containing 5236 inhabitants.
Mittbel, a townfhip in the Indiana ter-
ritory, Randolph cok containing 334 fouls.
JHon/on, iS'c. read W of HrimJieU.
MoHttviJeo, (name of the city is St, Fe-
lipe^ it is a walled city.ntuated on a fmall
peninfula in the province of Montevideo,
of which it is the feat of the government,
and is the only naval port the Spani.irds
have in that country, and this is but an
indifferent one for fhips of war. The
houfcs are built like thofe of Maldonado,
and contain about 8000 inhabitants.
Mod of the SpaniHi merchantmen take
in their cargoes for Europe here, they
being fcnt down in lighters from Buenos
Ayres. This little city has a large and
flrong citadel, and is otherwife well for-
tified, and indeed was it not, the dilFicuI-
ty of approaching it for want of water
for fhips of war, renders it nearly fecure
from an attack by fea. It is about 100
miles E of Buenos Ayres, and nearly the
fame diftancc W of Maldonado, and is
governed by a navy ofHccr of the rank
of a Commodore. Lat- 34 55. Forijf.
Montmorency, Falls c/, are fituated upon
a river of the fame name, which empties
into the St. Lawrence on its N eaflerly
lide, in the diftriift of Beaupour, L. Can-
Vtt.i. Pppp
ada, about 3 leagnes below Qiirbcr, and! .
from their beauty, majMiificeiict, inul if-
tonidiing height, merit the attention i<f
the admirers of nature 'I lie falU !'rf' dil-
i nt about JO rods from the coiifiuernce
of the Montmorency with the St. J,aw-
rencc, and may he diftinifkiy viewed .is
you fail down the latter livtr. The
b.inks of the river M.)ntmoronry are
perl'eifliy perpendicular both below and
above the falls, and are compofcd of ayi/it .
Jlone, rcfcnibliiig in colour and texture, th«
ftuncs brought and fo much cftteined,
from the Coiinet^icut river. This f<:ft-
ncfs of the fl(m' s, :ind the rapidity of the
current, have occafioncd the moft ptrfedt
regularity in the banks, which are nearly
as fmooih as if they h;id been under the
hand of an artiff. The river does not
exceed 50 yards in width ; but the ra-
pidity of it IS fuch, that the body of wa-
ter, which is precipitated over the fails, is
very gie.it. About .50 feet above the per-
pendicular cafcade, the water b'gins to
tumble over rocks at an angle of about
45 degrees, till it arrives to its great leap,
where it falls in one unbroken, ur.inter-
rupted flicef, to the bottom. The heij'.hc
of the perpendicular fall has been diftimH:-
ly meafurcd, which may be done witii
much more accuracy than thofe of Ni;i-
gara, and from the refult of the nr.niw-
raiion it is alcertained, that the height is
at leaft 240 feet, and is probably greater
than that of any other hitherto difcover-
ed. Thefe falls may be viewed to more ad-
vantage than any other in America, iis
Gen. Haldeman, when governor of Can-
ada, ercdVed a fummer houfe, which by
means of long fills upon the bank, is pro-
jeAed diredlly over the liver, and within
a few feet of the falls. If thefe falls are
inferior to thofe of Niagara, in point of
grandeur and fublimity, they certainly
rival them in beauty, and excel them in
height. They will therefore be vifited
by all travellers into this part of Ameri-
ca, who are admirers of the ftupcndous
and wonderful works of the God of na-
ture. John Lor^vfll, Efv,
Mount Sterling, z. town in Montgomery
CO. Kentucky, containing 8 ; inhabitants.
MunlMill, a town in Kent co. Dela-
ware, containing 7 114 inhabitants.
•»!
N
JSl ANTICOKE, a town in Suflcjt ca
Delaware, containing 1832 inhabitants.
Nat.i'itz, a diltfict on the E fide of the
Mi(&fippi,
' »i
in
1.!^
Ili
KAT
O'ZA
Mfflinppi, about lat. 31 js N. Th« j|6od
land is abuut 130 miles in length, 23 broad,
but hilly, and liable to fufFer by the foil of
the hilU wafliing into the valUes. Cotton
it the (laple commodity. Indian corn of an
excellent quality is raifed, planted from
the beginning of March to July. Oranges
and lemons are pl|!nly. From the
mounds or tumuli it is eridcnt this was
once a very populous country. In every
quarter where the ground has been brok-
en, remnants of earthen veffels are found.
Cattle are numerous ; onp farmer has
fome times i or -jo or more. The cows
yield lafs and poorer milk than thofe of
New England, and the wool of their fheep
is hairy. EUicat. With St. Catherine this
<li(lri(Sk contained 1696 inhabitants in
1800. The aboriginals of the Natchez
give, among other thingF, the following inf
ibrmation concerning thcmfelves. " Be-
fore we came here we lived ysnder under
the Totting fun." Perhaps in Mexico
•' 1"he country was fine, we maintained a
v/arfare with the ancients of the country,
who fubdued fom» of our villages. Our
people extended thcnifclvps along the
great water, where this river lofos itfelf.
2atour enemies being numerous and wick-
ed, our Hum "or princes" fciit perfons to
find a countr)' where wc might retire.
They found a plcafant region on the K
fide of thin river. Wc wet e ordered to re-
move into this land, to build a temple and
tu prcfcrve th« eternal fire. But the an-
cients, our cnemicf, falling into divifions,
our Suns and a part of our people remain-
ed. After many generations their defcend-
ants joined us, when we were multiplied
like the leaves of the trf:cs. Novy warri-
ors of iirc, vyho made the earth to trem-
ble, had arrived in our old country, and
conquered our ancient enemies. 'I'hefe
warriors of fire were bearded, white men,
who carried arms which darttfd fire with a
great noifc, and killed men at a great dif-
tanre ; they had heavy arms which killed
many at once, and like thunder made the
earth treqibie. Thiey came from the fif-
ing f\m in floating village?. 'J he ancients,
whom they fubdued, inhabited ffom the
wcdern coad of the great water, to the
countries on this 0de (he fun, ainton this
coafl: beyond the fun. Th^ir villages verei
many and large, built of ftone, in which
were houfes, that would hold a whole
village. Their temples were great, and
their works beautiful." To the inquiry
whence are ye come ? The anfwer was,
« The ancient fpecch does not fay from
what land ; all we knew is', thif onr f*<
thers, to come here, fdllowed the fun, and
came from the place where he rifes ; tbejT
were long on the journey ; they Were
near perifliing, and were brought to (hi«
country without feeking it." s^me maV,
perhaps, fuppofe that the Natches have
their defcent from the Phcnecians,bec»>ulef
like them, they have a facred regard for
the eternal fire, like theirs, their fUle i!$
boldly figurative, and like them th^ fcalp
their enemies. Dk Fr<tt%.
Ntutral Territory, lies between the prov-
inces of Montivideo and Rio Grande, 40
leagues in breudth from N to S, bounded
£ by the Atlantic Ocean, and extending
W as far as the Rh Teragtuiy. That part
which lies between Lake Merim and the
ocean, is almoft a perfect plain, covered
with grafs, oh which feed numerous \itrin
of deer and wild horfes, perhaps 3 01^
400,000 of the latter. Here are no run?
nir<g llreamt, apd no trees, ppr Holies^
hill", or vallies. Foreft.
Netuark, a townlhip of EfTez co. Ver-
mont, containing 39 inhabitants^
Nnvport, a town in Campbell co. Ken>
tucky, containi|ig 106 inhabitant).
Nnvton, a town in Nicholas ca Ken*
tuchy, containing 6% inhabitants.
NicljoliifvilU, a town in Jcflamine co.
Kentucky, containing 13 inhabitants.
North Hampton, a townfliip in Mont^
gonicry co, N. York, embracing th6 Sa-
contlago R. about 20 miles N W of Balf-
town Sprbgs ; contaii^ing 990 inhabit-
ants.
\JPEB, on the Illinois river, conlaiaa
100 inhabitants.
Ozat, a tribe of Indians in Lpoifiali^
who inhabit a prairie between Red river
and a branch of the Miflburi, at three
remarkable large fprings. Th^y formeiv
ly confided of near aooo warriors, but
nearly two thirds of them were dcftroved
by the fmali pox a few ytars ago. They
are infize gigantic, and ip difpofition cruel
and ferocious : they are al\vays at war
^with their Indian neighbours, and are in-
veterate enctnics of all white people, parw
ticularly the Spaniards. More thart
30 years ago, an attempt was made by the
Spaniards to refettle this cpuntry; for
this purpofe, fome priefls, a com{KinT of
foldiers, and a number of families witn s
rich outfet, repaired thither. They ha4
becu there but a fliort time, before the
RBM-
ST.
contains
dtn fell npoh theih and totally d'eftroycd'
f hem. Nu attjctnpt has lince been nVade
^0 fettle it. Siiley.
p •
PeNCADER.H town in New Caftlc
|CQ. Delaware, containing aijx inhabit-
ants.
PtHe RiJj^e, a fettlemcnt in the Mifli-
iippi territory, Adams cq. contains izj
inhahitai>(s.
Flymoutb, MalTacinifetts. The following
additions and corrcdlions were received
after t\\\t article was printed in tlic body
of the work. The number of inhabitants
is 3514. There are two handfome meet- j
ing houfes, anda banking houfe, in the !
town; the capital of the bank is 100,000
dollars. A ftagc goes three tiir.cs ina week
to Bollon. All .iqiicdudt for bringing
frefli water into town for dome Hie iil'c
was completed in 1796. The inhabit-
ants annually,on the 22 of Dec. religioufly
celebrate the landing of their Pilgrim
Fathers. Several diips and brigs are
owned here, and coniiderable quantities of
fifli are frequently purchal'cd at Bo(h>n
and exported from Plymouth.
Port IVUliamy a town in Gallatin co.
Kentucky, containing 213 inhabitants.
Praire^ de Itocte, a towndkip in the In-
diana Territory, Randolph co. contains
212 inhabitants.
Praire due Chien, on the Miflifippl, con-
tains 65 inhabitants.
PrcJIoiiJlury, a town in Eloyd co. Ket>-
tucky, containing 6 inhabitants.
Pr'mceUii, a towu in Northanipton cp.
]^. Carolina, cdnt&ihing 22 inhabitants.
Puerto de St, Pedro, a to\yn of Brazil, lat.
31 6 S,on the S fide of Rio prande,on a
fandy plain near its moutl). It (;(mtains
about 300 houfes of one ftory, Ijuilt fome
with brick, others >vith mud. U is the
refidence of the gbvernor of the pi-ovincp
of Rio Grande. Many of the houfes oh
the outskirts of the town are half buried
in fand. lu time of war, there is a very
profitable contraband trade carried on
between the merchants of this place, and
the Spaniards of £1 Rio de La Plata.
Forejl.
£i)Z70Ar, a town in NewCadleco.
R
Delaware, containing 872 inhabitants.
Remfen, H townfliip of Oneida co. N.
YorktEofLeyden, which it adjoins. It
ppotaiDt 2J4 iuhalitatits.
JiUimnJ, a toWn in Madifon co. Ken*
tucky, containing no inhabitants.
i?»o Grande, a large river of Brazil, nav-
igable 2CO miles for veflcls drawing 1 1
feet of water. It enters the ocean about
10 leagues N of the S boundary of Bia?.!!.
Wheat and beef are railed in the adjacent
country. /"'or^.
Jiio Santo Franeifco, a town of Brazil, in
S. America, near the mouth of the river
of the fame name. It contains about too
houfes of (lone and brick, one ftory high-
There is 10 feet of water OD the bar. l.at.
26 S. fiid.
Pcclia,:i fmall village in the province of
Montevideo, containing about so brick
houfes <ifoHeftoiy. It i» fitiirnf-d in the
interior, 5 or 6 leagues W N Vv of Cape
St. Mary's. Hid.
S.
6
ANDY (.reel, a fettlcment in the Mif-
fifippi tek-ritory, A^ams CO. containing 640
inhabitants.
Santa Catberina, an idand on the coaft
of Bra/.il, is feparated from the main by a
channel in fpme places not more than a
mile wide. It is a pleafant and fertile ifl-
and ; the road at the N end is in hx. 27 30
S. The town is 3 leagues from the road,
contains about 300 houfes of brick, flone,
and mud, one llory high. Its principal
tr^de is with Rio de Janeiro. Porrjt.
Sumannah, Clly rf, Chatham CO. Georgi;i,
contains 5146 inhabitants, of whom 2367
are ilavcs.
Seeoi^d Greet, a fettlemcnt in the MilTi*
fippi territory, Adams co. containing 780
ihhabitahts.
Shaml>ttrf;h, a town in the MiiTinppi
territory, Wafliingtoh co. containing 393
inhabitants.
Springfield, a town in Wafliington co.
lyentucky, containing 163 inhabitants^
Stt]ii/ord,Atov/i\ of Lincoln co. Kentucky,
containing 66 iHliftbitr.nts.
Siijte»-vlilf,a. town in Ircdel co. N. Caro-
lina, containing 95 inhabitants.
Steele, a town in the Miilllippi territo-
ry, Wafliington co. containing 4Z0 inhab-
itants.
S'wattjborough, a town of Onflow co. N.
Carolina, containing 149 inhabitants.
5/. tberefa, a Spanilh fort ercdted in
the N E corikcr of the province of Mon-
tevideo, on an ifthmus of about half a
mile wide, formed by the Ocean on the i
F., and an arm of Lake Merim on the N
\V. The fort is well fituated, Ijirgc, built
OH
*#
WAS
of bcwn (lone, and is garrlfoncd in time
dF war i>y about aoo mep. It is about 20
leagues N £ of Cape St. Mary's. Forefl.
W
TvASHINCrON, Pcnnfy!vania,form-
tA into a feparate co. in the beginning of
1796. The divifion line is as follows ;
" beginning on the Monongaheia River,
WAS
at the mouth of Ten m!Ic,creek, up faid
creek to Wallace's Mill ; thence S weft'*
crly to the ridge between the N. and S.
forks ; thence along the ridge to the
ridge between Wheeling and Ten mile ;
thence a ftrait line to the head of Enlow'a
branch of Wheeling ; thence down th^
fame to the W boundary line of the (late ;
thence round to the place of beginning."
Harriu
N. B. A corredlion in the defcription of Plymouth, MafTachufctts, with many
▼aluahle articles, received too late to be infetted in the body of the work^ will M
found in the AFfENsix. ''i'
;ir,'oJ O.'IU i^W'l - • .
-irt ,nt.,.',„j»t^u-i<<:» .i *.
!lf;.
■.'^i» '1.
ri-ftl nr, .'xf'V^i''
".I:,-. '>.:!., '■
DIRECTIONS TO THE BINDER.
(.■.!'.m«T ' '
rt-.j(!UMj.'. »
M jVT-Vi '"Cii J-iW"''
•SjfciJI i. ,','ViCvM*', '\-
MAP of North America, to front Title Page.
. of the Northern States, to front Nenu England, fig. X x.
— of the Southern States, to front Southern States, fig. C c c C.
of South America, to front America, fig. B.
of the Weft Indies, to front Weji Indies, fig. L 1 1 1.
CHART of the North Weft Caaft of America, &c. to front North Wejt
Coaji of America, fig. B b b.
CjT The Binder will pleafe to notice, that fig. N n and O o, arc on the fame
half fheet, and fig. W w (which fhould have been Www) follows imme-
diately after fig. N n n, after which X x i, &c. follow in courfc,
I m
Owl ,v:t .'vrt.'x^ii" -s
!■■» ' ' ' ■
ui?ii^jii;i ^ i,.j viViw-
Jl