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OF THB i ■\, «:' .: i AMERICAN CONTINENT, ALSO OF TKB WEST INDIA AND OTHER APPENDANT ISLANDS ; J' ;-,s ■• ;;'i^':.;» yiStt'^ vnru A PARTICULAR DESCRIPTION OP LOUISIANA. j° 1" Compiled from t' ' H-^ft Authoritiei, Br JEDIDIAH MORSL, D,D. J.J.S. S.HS ,^ Author of the American Univerfal Geography. • ILLUSTRATED WITH MAPS. SECOND EDITION, REVISED, CORRECTED, AND ENLARGED. fVBllSHED ACCOXDtlfa TO ACT OF CONGRESS. CibarUClofon : Pkintss »t and ton. SAMUEL ETHERIDGE, and roa THOMAS AND ANDREWS, BOSTON, — 1804. 60 I. ' ' ' '■■*.' ! t :;k'.' 'i (■"■ District of Massachusetts i te nvtt. ■'i£ #'■ x5e it tcmemb^red, That on the twenty fixth day of February, in tht eighteen hundred and fourth year of our Lord, and in the twen^ eighth year of ths Independence of the United States of America, JEDIDIAH M^SE, of the faid dif- tritfl, hath depotited in this Office, the title of a book, the right whereof he claimt as Author and Proprietor, in the words following, to wit. ^" Thk AMERICAN GAZ- ETTEER, exhibiting a full account of the Civil Divifit;*:!, Rivers, H^liours, Indian TribeK, &c. of the /Unerican Continent, alfo of the Wefl^India and other appendant I/lands; and a particular dcfcription of Louifiana. Compiled froin the bell authori- ties, by JllDIDIAjH MORSE, D. D. A. A. S. S. H. S. author of the Amkhican Uni- veasAi. GEotiRArur. lUuflrated with maps. Second edition, revifed, corredled, and enlarged. In voufurmity to tlic Atftof the Congrefs of the United State*, entitled, " An A«!t for the cncourugcnuent of Learning, by fecuring the Copies of Maps, Charts, and Duoks, to tite Authors and Proprietors of fuch Copies, during the times therein men- tioned :" and alfo to an A«5t entitled," An A «.-' '■) y .'•^» -.y»*»- 'irvr .- 1 i% t/'v-nj^^i-r list •I u i / .PnEFACB. pilation of the other vohimc of this work. His afliftance has been engaged, for the double pur^ pofe of leflcning the literary labours of tlic Au- thor, and of increaling the value of the work, by the aid of his extenfivc rcfearchcs into fubr jecSls of this nature, and of his peculiar talent in condcnfing the fub();ance of large volumes into a foiail compafs. ,^ : ' i - A fpecific name for our country has long been a dcftderatum. The want of it has been felt by orur citizens, who hav(^ vifited foreign countries, by our Legiflators, and efpecially by geographical writers. Much has been faid in private converfation, and feme things have been written, on the fubjeft. The epoch of the addition of Louifiana to the United States, is thought to be a fit time to intro- duce fuch 2i generic name for our country, Several names have been fu^gefted* Fredo^^ia, Colum- bia, and America, hayo each their advocates. The latter, could Xi be appropriated to the territory unr der the government of the United States, and dilr tinguifh its inhabitants from all other Americans, would undoubtedly be entitled to the preference. But this is thought \o be impradlicable. Several reafons have been urged in favor of Columbia, It would be honorary to the memory of the dif- coverer of America, apd it is already partially in- troduced ; but it will not fo happily run through all the variations, important in a generic name, as Fredonia. For no other reafon has the latter the mmm u a PREFACE. the preference. With a view merely to introduce the fubjedl before the public, and to invite their attention to it, an example is given, in the Appcum dix^ under the head, Fredonia, to fliew the con* venience and utility of fuch a general nam^ The Author has not the temerity or the vanity to think of giving a name to his country. He would not be confidered as the flrenuous advocate of any one of thofe above fuggefted. He only wifhes that th^ governmenti whofe right it is, would fix upon and eflablifh a fpecific name, which fhall hon- ourably diftinguifh our country and its inhabit* ants, from the reft of the world, CHAJtLESTOfTN, (Mm.) MARcp xft, i?04. ■v'./:-f. - . •' ■ ' 5\'Ji, Vi, .' ►■ GAZETTEER I : i! n f ' if ' ■ .2* « ■ "til yU ■l^:i:iil- ■■':*.■ ^•"^i\ r ^'f ... r .t -, 'f : f" !■ *J f 1*- ^t ■'> ' ' .■* '• :■' 'f'^'f ■ ' •■!<•" t ■ ■iV,. ■, 7 sr PREFACE. HE firft edition of the American CJA2ETTBER was publiihed iii the year 1797. The work was confidered as incomplete without a (econd volume, which fhould embrace the othet three quarters of the globe. This was according- ly compiled and publiihed, under the title of " A NEW GAZETTEER. OF THE EASTERN CONTINENT, in 1802. Thefe two volumes profelTedly defcribe, from the beft authorities, all the places of im- portance on the habitable earth. ; , A. new edition of the firft volume being called for, the Author now offers it to the public, whofe patronage he has liberally and gratefully ihared, and which it has been, and will be, his ambition to deferve. Neither labour nor expenfe have been Q)ared to enrich this new edition from the numerous fources of information, which have been opened fince the firft was publiihed. Much has been de-- rived from obliging correfpondents, whofe favor* are thankfully, though the)' cannot be particularly, acknowledged. More has been colleded from the very valuable Maps and Publications, which have appeared fince the laft feven years. Several of the moll r mm w PREFACE. I>f , -: J- mod impoi'tant of thefe are named as authorities in the body of the Work. A topographical defcription of Upper Canada, drawn up by DaviI) W. Smith, Efq. Surveyor Gen- eral of that Province, and his excellent Maps of Up- per and Lower Canada, have furnilhed a particular and correct view of this portion of the Britifli do- minions. The new and valuable Map of New York, by B. Simeon de Witt, Efq. Surveyor General of that State, has alfo been faitlifully confulted. The cenfus of 1800 has been of important ufe in per- fedling this edition. r ' sh. 7 • ' Moft of the articles, efpecially in the United States, have been improved, and feveral thoufand new ones have been added. To give place to thefe additions, without dwelling the work to too expen- five a fize, many articles have been abridged, abbre- viations have been adopted, and a type of a fmalkr fize, than in the firfl edition, has been ufccL.w . The article Louisiana^* has received all the attention, which its newly acquired importance to the United States, demands. • ,, ,., ^ *^ In the revifion of this edition, the Author has received the afTiflance of his worthy literary friend, the Rev. Elijah Parish, his partner in the com- ^ ~ ■■■-'" \ pilation * Some information, omitted by accident under this head, will be found in the Appetidixt under the article Freponia. » luthorities GAZETTEER ;r Canada, veyor Gen- /laps of Up- a particular Britifli do- f New York, •General of fulted, The t life in per- L the United :ral thoufand (lace to thefe to too expen- dged, abbre- ofafmalkr nfed. oi^-< :eived all the importance le Author has jterary friend, in the com- pilation this head, viU be OF THE WESTERN CONTINENT. ABI , ^ j4aR0N!? BURGH, lies at the head of Penn'n Creek, Northumberland coun- ty, Pennfylvania, about 30 miles wefterly from Lewifburgh, and 40 W by N from Sunbury. It contains 40 dwellings, a German Lutheran, and Calvinid church. Lat. 40 J3 N. Lon. 2 aj W. Abacco, or Providence, t)ne of the Ba- hama iiiands, in the Atlantic ocean, fub- jei5l to Great Britain, N lat. 24. W lon. 77. See Providence. Abacoochee, or Goofet, a large river rif- ing in Tcnnefle, paiCng into Georgia, through the Cherokee into the Creek country, where it unites with the Oak- fuikec, and forms the Alibama. Abbivilli, a didriiSl of S Carolina, con- taining ii,SSi people, of whom 2964 are Haves. Abbeville County, in Ninety-Six diftrid):, S Carolina, bounded on the N £ by the Saluda, and on the S W by the Sa- vannah, ib 35 miles in length and 2i in breadth; contains 9197 inhabitants, in- cluding 1665 flave*. The lands of this county are rich and well watered by fev- erd dreams which fall into Savannah and Saluda rivcrj. Abbeville court houfe is the feat ofjudice in the above county. It has a magazine, arfenal, and jail. Abercorn, a fmall tuwa on Savannah river, in Georgia, about 5 miles from Ebenezcr, and 18 N W of Savannah. Abineiui Port, on the N fide of Lake Erie, is about 13 miles W S W from Fort Erie. Abingdon, a town at the head of the tidewaters of Bufli river, Harford coun- ty, Maryland; 12 miles S W from Hav- re de Grace, and 20 N £ from Balti- ABR morr. Cokefbury College, inftltated by the Mcthodifts, in 1785, is in this town. Abingdon, the chief town of Wafiiing- ton county, Virginia, has 363 inhabitant*, and is about 145 miles from Campbell's ftation, near Holfton ; 260 from Rich- mond, in Virginia, in a d!rcv:>rd fide is. an entire chain of recks. N lat. 12 10, Wlon. 73 30. Achiachica, a town in Mexico. See jtSgclot. A'-oiifz, an Indian nation in Canada. Acqi'acinaci, or Acquatinunk, a town on the \V fide of Paflaick river, in Effex county, New Jerfey, 10 milts N of New- ark, and 17 N VVfrom New York. . Afion, atownfhip ki Miudlcfex county, Malfachufetts, containing 901 inhabit- ants ; 21 miles N W of Bofton. Actvortb, a townfhip in Chefliire coun- ty, New Hampfliire, incorporated in 1766, and contains 704 inhabitants; 8 miles E by N from Ch.irltfh)wn, and 73 N W by W from Portfmomh. Adams, atownOiip in Bs-rkfliire county, Mafliichufetts, containing 1688 inhabit- ants, is 142 miles N Wof Bofton. In the northern part of this town, is a great nat- ural curiofity. A pretty mill ftream, cilled Hudfon's Brook, which riles in Vermont, and falls into the north branch of Hoofuck river, has, for 30 or 40 rods, formed a very deep channel, in fonie places 60 fpct deep, through a quarry of white marble. Over this chanucl, where dccpeft, fonic of tite rocks remain, and form a natural bridge. From the top of this bridge to the water, is (m feet ; its length is about 12 or 15, and its breadth about 10. Partly under this bridge, and about 10 or 13 feet below it, is anwther, which is wider, but not fo long ; for.at the caft end they form one body of rock, I2 or 14 feet thick, and under this the water flows. The rocks here are moftjy white, and in other places clouded, like thccoarfe marble common at lianeiborough, and m other towns in Berkfliire county. W(/jwj,aCountyof Pcnnfylvaniabound- ed N by Cumberland and Sby Maryland, containing 314,880 acres. Chief town Oettyfburg. The county is divided into 16 «uwniljips,andcontainsi3ii7iinhabitants. A G A AJams, « county of this Stale of OMo, containing 3432 inhabitants. Adamt, a county of tht Miffiflppi ter- ritory, containing 4660 inhabitants, of whom 225 7 arc Haves. Adamstoivn, a town iti Laittfaftcf coun- ty", Pcnnfylvania, containing about 40 houfes ; 20 miles N £ of Lancader. Adoyii. See Mexicano River. Addifnn County, in Vermont, is on the eaft fide of Lake Champlain, and is divid- ed nearly into equal parts by Otter Creek ; has Chittenden county on tHe N, and Rut- land county on the S, and contains 13,4 1 7 inhabitants, difptrfcd id 21 tewnlbips. It is about 30 mihsby 27 : a range of the green mountains paffcs through it. Chief towuMiddlebury, granted Nov. X761. Addifu'i, a town of the above county, 734 inhabitants. It lief on Lake Cham- plain, and ib fcparated ft-om Newhaven-, on the E by Otter creek. Snake Moun- tain, on the S E lie partly in this town- fliip, granted 1761. Addifon, a town in Wafliington t'oun- ty, Maine, lying on the fej, with Indian river for its Eaft and Pleafant river bay- its W lx)und;iry, 10 miles S W of Machias. Adequatannie Creek, in New York ftatC, is the eaftern head water of Sul'quehannah river. AJiiihilty B.JY, and Port Mnlgrave, on the N W coaft of America, lie in N lat. J9 3I' W Ion. r4o 18. Adfons Toivn, lies near the N Eline of Nc w Jerfey, andSE ofthc Drowned Lands; 27 miles N of Morrittown, and 24 N W of Patterfon. Ajfiitrii, one of theiflands of Juan Fcr- riandes, on the South Sea coaft, in the kingdom of Chiti. Lon. from the me- ridian of Callao, 30 20, about 400 leagues to the N of Cape Horn. This coaft fwarms with fca lions and wolves. Agameiiticus, a mountain of confiderable elevation in the diftritl of Maine, diftant about 6 miles from Bald Head, and 8 from York harbour. Lat. 43 16 N, and 70 39 W Ion. from Greenwich. It is a noted landmark for fcamen, and is a good diretSlory for the entry of Pafcata- qua harbour, as it lies very nearly in the fanie meridian with it, and with Pigeon Hill, on Cape Ann. I'he mountain is covered with wood and fhrubs, and af- fords pafture up to its fummit, where there is an enchanting profpeA. The cultivated parts of the country, efpecial- Jyon the S and SAV appear as a bcauti- fuj garden, interfc(2ed by the majeftic river AL A ALA tivtr Pafcataqua, its bajrs and branches. The imtnenfe ranges of mountains on tht N and N W afibrd a fublimc fpc«£Vacte ; and on the fea Gde, the various indent- ings of the coaft.from Cape Ann to Capr Elizabeth, are plainly in view in a cle ii day ; and the Atlantic Arctches to the £ as far as the power of vifion ex'.ends At this fpot the bearings of the ruilowing objects were taken, with a good furvey- ing inftrument, 0(Stober ii, 1780. ^ummitof the WhitcMountains,N 15 W. Cape Porpoife, N 63 E. Rochcftcr Hill, N 64 W. Tuckaway South Peak, S 80 W. Froft*, Hill, Kittcry, S 57 W. Saddle of Bonabeag, N 14 W. Ifle of Shoals Meeting Houfe, S 6 E. Varncy's Hill, in Dover, diftant loj miles by menfuration, N 89 \V. Variation of the needle, 6 W. jtgameniicut, a river in the centre of York county, diftrii9: of Maine. It is in- debted to the ocean for its waters, through Pafcataqua bay ; having no coniiderable aid fronx tlreams of frcfli water. Its mouth is about 4 miles fouthcrly from Cape Neddie river. Small veiTcIs can enter here. AgamuntU, or jimaguntic PonJ, in the difVricl of Maine, fends its waters north- ward to the Chaudiere, through the weft branch of that river. Agomifo,zn ifland in James Bay, near its weftern coall, N NE from Albany Fort. Aguga Cape, on the coaft of Peru, S America, lies fouthward of Puira , in the 6th dcg. of S lat. and in the Sad of W Ion. Aianfas, fee Arhanfas. Alabaha, a confiderable river in E Floridx Alfo laid to be the name of a branch of St. Mary's river. See Appen. Alabama, an Indian village, delightfully fituated on the banks of the MiiTifippi, on feveral fwelling green hills, gradually afcending from the verge of the river. Thefe Indians are the remains of the an- cient Alabama nation, who inhabited the eaft arm of the Gnat Mobile river, which ftill bears their name, now poflelTed by the Creeks, or Mufcogulges, who conquer- ed the former. Alabama River, a large navigable river of Georgia, is formed by the jundlion of the Confa or Confec, or High Town river, and Tallapoofce river, at Little Tallafee, and runs in a S W direiSlion, until it meets Tombigbee river from the N W at the great ifland which it there forms, 90 Biilcs from the mautb of Mobile bay, in the fulf of Mexico. This beautiful river hasatgcntle current, pure waters, and ; xcc-ll nt fifli. It runs about a miles an iinur, is 70 or 80 rods wide at. its head, and from 15 to 18 feet deep, in the dritrt feafon. The banks art about .i;c kct high, and fcldom, if ever, overfl'.wtd. Travellers have gone down in large boats, in the month of May, in 9 days from Little Tallafee to Mobile b;iy, which is about 350 miles by water. Its banks abound with valuable produO'iions in the vegetable and mineral kingdoms. Alabajler or EUiitheia, one of the Baha- ma or Lucayo iflands, on which is a fmall fort and garrifon. It is on the Great Ba- hama Bank. The foil of this ifland, and Harbour iHand, which lies at the north end of it, is bttter than Providence ifland, and pmdiices the gieattft part of the pine apples that are exported ; the climate is very healthy. N lat. 35 to a6, W Ion. 75 to 76 J. ALuhua Savannah, \*. a level green plain, in the country c.f the Indians of that name, in E Florida, fitualcd about 75 miles weft from St. Auguftine. It is above 15 miles over, and 50 in circumference; and fcarcely a tree or bufli of any kind to be fcen on it. It is encircled with high floping hills, covered with waving forefls, and fragrant orange groves, rifing from an e:;uberantly fertile foil. The ancient Alncbua town ftood on the borders of this favannah ; but the Indians removed to Cufcvivilla, 2 miles diftant, on account of the unhealthinefs of the former feite, oc- caiioned by the ftcnch of the putrid fifli and reptiles, in the fummer and autumn, driven on fliore by the aligators, and the noxious exhalations from the marHies of the favannah. Though the horned cattle and horfes bred in thefe meadows are large, fleck, fprightly, and fat, yet they are fubje-.vyci u\\ 1623, then J-'ort Crangf till 16^7', then WilUaKifadt till 1664, when it received the name of Albany. All tliis lime it had the nick- name of \\\t. h'uyck , and did not loofc the riiiine of Fait Orargf, efpccially with for- r.igners. Tort Orange, was built in 162J. lata MS. Let. -r^/J^r/y), aEritiih fortrefs in New Soutii "iVale*, in N America, iituated on tlie liver of the fame name. N lat. J2 14, 40 W Jon. 815938. Albany Kivtr, falls into Jame's bay, in N .\mcrJca, in N Iat.5 1 3°. ^^' 'ong. 84 30. 'j'his river runs in a N E direction, and lias communication with a vaft chain of fmall lakes, in a line £ W to the S end of Winnipeg lake, a body of water next in fize to Lake Superior. Albemarle County, in Virginia, b'es be- tween the blue ridge and the tide waters, iihd contains 9003 free inhabitants, and 7436 (laves. Its extent about 35 miles fquare. Rich mines of iron ore have been difcovered in this county. Albemarle Sound, on tlie coaft of North Carolina, is a kind of inland fea, 60 miles in length, and from 8 to la in breadth. It lies north of Pamplico Sound, and communicates with it; as it like wife does with Clirrituck Inlet. It receives Roan- oke and Meherrin rivers ; and the paf- fage into it from the fea is called Roan- oke Inlet. Albion, Neiv, the name given by Sir Francis Drake to California, and part of the N VV coaft of AmcrUa, wlicn he took poninioa of it. A large tradi of the N W coaft is thus called. Capt. Cook land- ed on a prtrt of this coali on tl>c 71I1 of March, 1778, in N lat. 74 33, E long. 235 10, which he thus dcfcri'ucs : " '1 he bind is full of mountains, the tops of which ate covered wiih Inow ; while the vailics Iclvecn them, "and the grounds on the fea ecaft, hi^h M well a. low, arc covered v.itli trees, which form a beauti- ful pri.fpta:, as one v^fl fo'^eft. At firfl the nativer. fcemed to prefer iron to every tithcr article of cunimerce ; at laft they preferred biaf*!. '1 hey were more lena- cioun of their property than any of the ravage nations ilvat had hitherto been met villi ; fo tliat they would not part witii wood, water, grafs, nor the mofl trifling article without a compeiifation, and were fometimcs very unrcalonable in their dcttiands." AUiiipi^un, a liiiaU lake northward of Lake Superior. AltxanJria, i townfliip in Grafton CO. N Hampfliire, contiining 303 inhabit- ants ; incorporated in 1782. , A'exjitMa, a tOwnfliip in Hunterdon CO. N Jerfey,containingr503 inhabitant?. Ahxandiiii, a fmall town in Huntingdon CO. Pennfylvania, on the Frankflown branch of Juniatta river ; 19a miles N W of Philadelphia. A'exnndr'h-i, formerly called Belha-vtn, a city in Virginia, fituated on the fonthern bank of the Patowmac river, in Fairfax CO. about j miles S W from the Federal city, 60 S W from Baltimore, 60 N from Frederickfburgh, 168 N of Williamlburgh, and 290 from the fea ; 38 45 N lat. and 77 10 \V long. Its fituation is elevated and pTeafant. 1'hc foil is clayey. The original fettlers, anticipating its future growth and importance, laid out the ftreets on the plan of Philadelphia. It contains about 500 houfcs, many of which are bandfomely built, and 4196 free inhabitants, and 875 flaves. This city, upon opening the navigation of Patowmae river, and in eonfequencc of its vicinity to the feat of the federal gov- ernment, bids fair to be one of the moft thriving commercial places on the con- tinent. Alford, a townfliip in Bcrkfliire county, Maflachufctts, containing 518 inhabit- ants ; between Great Barrington and W Stockbrldge. Alfordjiotvn, a finall town in Moor coun- ty, North Carolina. Alfred, a town in York co, Maiae, ly- ing i*^' ALL ALL ixig between Sanford, Sluiplcigli, Coxhall i»nd Watcrborough. A braiicb of Moii- foni rivxr pHllls throush it into Wilis. ]a the (late poiice tiiis tovvnlhi\> is c.tllcd a diflrii.^, anJ is by law joined V icb auf'urd in tlic riectiun ut' a tcprc- Ijiitativi; to the (late Itgillaturc. A'^o/njiiifit, :in Indiuu nalioii in Uppti Canada, on tlie nyrth jlJc ol Lake Huron. A-'ii.ig, a tovvnlhip in Franklin cuuniy, ycrniont, cgntainin^ 710 i iliabitiints. It liti in tbc N W corner of tlic fl.Ue on tlie Canada line, at ihc luirih end ui L;»kt. Cbamplain. AiLinfiis, See AiLunfji Rive: A'l'^/jdiiy M(iuiitLT ol ridges, extending northeattcrly and fouth- weflerly, nearly parallel to the lea coaft, about 900 miles in len^^tb, and from 60 to l,;o and aoo miles in breadth. Mr. Evans obferves, with refptift to that pait of tliefe mountains which he travell^'d over, viz. in theback partsof Pcnnlylvania.thitfcircc- ly one acre tin ten is capable of culture. This, however, is far from being the cafe in all parts of this ran^^c. Numerous traffls of fine arable aiid gracing land intervene bctweeij the rid;^es. The different ridges wiiich cooipol'e this im- menfe range of mountains, have dilFerent Jiamesin the dilFcrcnt ftatcs, viz the Blue Ridre, the North Moiiiitiiln,or North R'nhe^ or DevH'i B.icUoiie, Laurel Rulre, 'Jackfun! j^louala!ns,:indKitt.iti,ifiy Alountaiiu; which lee under thcfe names. All thefc ridjes, except the Al/e^hany, are broken through by rivers, which appear to have forced their way through folid rocks. This prin- cipal ridge is more immediitely called Alleghany, aqd is dcfcriptlvely named the Bticiipne of the United States. From thefe fevcral ridges proceed innumerable branches, or fpurs. The general name of the whole range, t.iken colleillivcly.ftems not yet to have been deterinined. Mr. Evans calls them the Endkfs Mountdins ,• others have called them the A'>palachiin Moitiitdlns, from a tribe of Indians who live on a river which proceeds from this mountain, called the Appalaehicola ; but the moft common name is the A'eghjiiy Mountains, fo called probably, fron> the principal ridge of the range. 'J'hefe mountains are not confufedly fcattcrtd, rifing here and there into high peaks, jvertopping each otlicr ; but f up along in uniform rJdgc5, fcjarccly half a mile liii;Ii. Tliey fprcad as yoit procn the wcrterii liJc of t!\e Alleghany Mountain, and al'tir runuin'^ about ta luiUj in a S W dirtc^icn, meets the Mo- >U)iigWii.lH at Pittiuurg, and both united, foriu the Ohio. The la;uls on each Cde of tiiis liver, fur 150 n)il<-» abovt Pittl- burj, conliik of white o; ome inhabited it. AHe-h'iny Coi.n'y, in I'cnnfylvania, for- merly extendi d liom the juuiTion of th« river gf that name with the Ohio, where its chief town, Pittfburi;, is fuuatid, to the New York line. It has lately been divided. It contains 15,^^7 inhabitants, including 79 flaves. Alleghany, \% the mod weflvTH county in Miryland, and hns IVnnl) Ivania on the north, 'I'hc windings of the Pitowmae River feparate it from Virginia on the Ibuth, and Sidelinghill Creek divides it from Wall'lriiton comity on the eaft. Ic contains 6,',o.5 inhabitants, including 499 llavcs. Cuuiberland is its chief town. The principal rivers which pafs ihrotigK this county, Vjclide the Patowmac arc Youghegauy and Savage livers. Wills and Town creek. In fomc parts arc found large quantities of iron ore, limeflone,and ftone coal. The mofl common produce of the county is wheat, rye, barley, corn, oats, buckwheat, hemp, flax, potatoes and tob.icco. AHematngel, a frnjiU Moravian fe'ttJe- ment on Swetara River in Pennfylvania. AUemanJ, a river which falls into the MiiTifippi from the S K about 43 miles S of the Natches. Allenjloivn, a town in New Jcrfcy, \\\ Monmouth county, 15 miles N E from Burlington, and 13 S by E from Prince- ton. Allerjl.iivn, a townfliip in Rockingham count). New Hampfliire, containing 315 inhabitants ; iituated on the E fide of Merrimack river, 2.? miles N W of Exe- ter, aud 40 from Pgrtfmoutlt. AMA AMA Alltn Tcwn, in Pennfylvam;!, North- ksmpttin c«). on the point of land furmLi' by Jutdan's crtck.and the Little Lchie^h It cuutaiu» about 90 buufci, iiud un Illieos ; on the F. by the oocaii ; and on tju: W by three unconquertd nations of Indian;!. It is reckoned one of the richeft and nuid fertile captainfliiiiH in all Bray.il, producing ^rcat quantities of cotton and fugar. The briy itl'elf is about 2\ leagues over^intcrfperred with a number of fniall, but pleafant illands, and is of prodigious advantage to the whole country. It has fevcral citie» and towns, particuarly St Salvador, which is its capital. All .Saints Say liei) in lat. 11 3 S, Ion. 40 10 W. Sec Salvador. Almttria, See Villa Una. Almiya,a town in Mexico. Sec An^elot, Alivptiry, commonly called Aita-Jbury, is aflouridiing town in KfTex comity, Maf- fachufetts, on the north weftern bank of Merrimack river, about 5 miles N W of Ncwburyport, containing 1 15 7 inhab- itants. Powaws river divides the town- ihip from Salifbury, over which a hand- iinme bridge has lately been crcdled. A pumber of inills.and a nail manufa(flory {land on the lower falls. See Poiuanvs rivet: A'fead, a townfliip in Chefln're co. N Hanipfliirc, containing 1606 inhabitants, 8 miles S from Charlcftown. Alton, a townfliip in StrafTord co. N Hamp{hire, N E from Barnftcad, and has 721 inhabitants. Alvarailo, a river in New Spain, which rifcs in the mountains of the Zapotecas, and, after making a circuit through the province of Mazaltaii, and receiving fev- tral fmaller rivers and flrtams, empties into the Gulf of Mexico, at 30 miles dif- tance from Vera Cruz. Amanibo, a town on the coafi of Gui- ana, between Paramaribo and Cayenne. A'napcilla, a fc.iport town in the prov- ince of Cuutl}nala, in North America on a gulf of the fame name, aao milei S S ot the town of Guatimala, N lat. 11 30* W Ion. 86 40. Amarifui/^giit River. See Andrefte^gin. Am.uiqiies, afeaport town at tht mouth of Guanaco» river, which empties into he Amatique gulf, or gulf of Honduras, in the province of Vera Pas, Mexico. The inhabitants are chiclly logwood cut- ters, and on the S of the gulf is a traA of land called A.i.itijut taiid. Lat. 15 13 N. Lon. 89 W. Aimixonia, a large country in S Ameri- ca, 1400 miles in length, and 900 io bieadtb ; fituated between the equator and 20 S lat. and bounded N by Terra I'irma and Guiana ; E by Brazil ; S by Paraguay, and W by Peru ; but has nev- er yet been thoroughly explored. The river .Amazon, called alfo Maragnon, the birgcft in the known world, gives name to this country. A great number of rivcr» which rnfli down with amazing impetu- ofity from the taUern declivity of the An- des, unite in a fpacious plain, and form this iminenfe river. In its progrefs it runs 3300 miles from W to E aciofi South America. Some of the rivers which fall into it are very broad and deep. The chief of thtfe, from the S and S W proceeding from the mouth wcftward, arc Araguaya, Paratinaa, Ma- deira, Purus, Yulay, Yulacina, and Uc- ayai, rivers From the Nand N W pro- greffing from its mouth, are Parma, Ne- gro, Vupura, Ifla, and Napo, which laft rlfes near the town of Archidona, about 150 miles cadward of Quito. The Ama- zon is interfperfed with a great number of iflands, which are too often overflow- ed to admit of culture. It falls iuto the Atlantic ocean under the equator, and is there 150 miles broad. It received its prefent name from Francis d'Orillana, who faid he faw armed women on its banks. He was deputed, in 15 16, to penetrate into the courfes of this river, which he did with an armed fliip, and fought feveral nations of Indians, till h<; came to that place where he faw the armed women, who, with bows and ar- rows, oppofcd his palVage. The air is. cooler in this country than could be ex- pcunw '^ ^t!i!r» . 3i'j*^ J A T L A 1 N T I c .^r/. /'.. fftwn ,^-"•■'^•1 r^M kion »**r / * ' r /^*fiti / \ I tit /Is ' X*' ^>>/ SI ft /idtt'<"^tiS S r I > 1 d*l I tjJ H T«Pa.yo« K A ^«>f« ••n*«»M >KIM I J Ml I- ••^" WIltKlt .J'.^^u^^V*>^ N Salvador JJocf Wirilu i'anlc ;f(^.r^V-i- iitiact '^'^'■m^'^^^^S^ikir-^^ . J> o/ u T H /k r x la^rof/i ,f ax4nUluryI i.irc^iOta' Chiloe doBay fSltiico SlraitAf or^J^lao'cllani met I ^S^'"'9''*- J v." ■Jianr2 :.K V V.a3tJ,»f\ ••#•»■ tati. iii iiniir t i,ji i "i-^'ij 'it > i »M»T»nB IH are a crow of tiger's round the ■ Amher Bi in the bay /ion bay, \vh Ambergrc hay, on the Yucatan, ir runs along niiies long, I Jion buy. Amhoy. Ambrofc, , \ ocean, on th due W from it appears li I a nearer app j incd bva and 80 ■ ^^ I There is a j northward o j appearance, i I was here in 1 Jinacccffjble. I crew killed a Ithebert qualii |Vou I. m^^ AMB '.j#i;.' the honaton.i. During the rainy feafon, the country is fubjcA to dreadful dorms of thunder and lightning. The foil is extremely fertile, producing a great vari- ety of the tropical fruits ; likcwife a varie- ty of timber, an cedar, redwood, oak, epony, logwood, and many other Ibrts of dying wood ; together with tobacco, fugar canes, cotton, potatoes, balfam, hon- ey; &c. The woods abound with tigers, : wild boars, buffaloes, deer, and game ; of )Vauriou8 kinds. The rivers and lakes altpund with filli. Here are alfo' fea caifii and turtles ; but the alligators and > water fcrpents render fifliing a danger- ■■ ous employment. ' The natives of this , country are of a good ftature, have hand- fotne features, long black hair, and are of a copper colour. They are faid to have a tafle for the imitative arts.efpecial- ly painting and fculpture, and turn out good mechanics. They fpin and weave cotton cloth. Their houfesarc- built with wood and clay, and thatched with reeds. Their arms in general, are darts and javelins, bows and arrows, with targets of cane or fifli {kins. The fevcml nations are governed by chiefs or caciques ; it being obfarvable that the monarchical form of government has prevailed almoft tmiverfally,both among ancient and mod- em nations, in a rude ftate of fociety. The regalia which didinguiHi the chiefs, are a crown of parrot's feathers, a chain of tiger's teeth or claws, which hang round the waifV, and a wooden fword. AmSer Bay,oa the pcninfulaof Yucatan, in the bay of Honduras, lies N of Afcen- J:ott bay, which fee. Ainbergrecfe Kty.,va.\^'iXidL in Hanover bay, on the ea(l llde of the pcniiifula of Yucatan, in the bay of Honduras. It runs along the mouth of the bay, is 70 miles long, but very narrow. See Afcen- i Jion buy, Amboy. See Perth Ambuy. Amuroft\ St. an ifland in the S. Pacific ocean, on the coafl of Chili, 4 or j leagues due W from St. Felix ifland. At lirfl; vitw, it appears like twoi'mull iflands, but after a nearer approach, it is found they are Ij ined by*a reef. It lies in 26 13 S tat. mA 80 ' 5S VV long, from Greenwich. . There is a large rock 4 miles to the northward of the ifland, c;'lltd. from its appearance,Sj;7 Rod. Capt. Roberts, who was here in 1792, found St. Feiix illand inacceffible. On St. Ambrofj iflaud, his Icrew killed and cured 13,000 feal fkinsot Ithebell qualitv,:u feven weeks Theiflanil |V0L. I. ' B AME has little clfe to rcrommend it. Fiili and crawfifli abound. The bed feafon for feal" ing is from the ift of April to the id of Auguft. The ifland has the appearance of having had volcanic eruptions. AiHcUa, a county in Virginia, fltuated between the blue ridge and the tide waters, having Cumberland county N, Frince George county £,and Lunengburg coun- ty S and W. Amelia contains 1848 free inhabitants, and 6 j8j flavcs. An acade- my has lately been eftablilhed and incor- porated here by the name of Jefierfoa academy. Amelia JJIe, on the coad of £ Florida, lies about 7 leagues N of St. Augudine, and very near Talbot ifland on the S, at the mouth of St. John's riven It is 13 miles long and 2 broad, is very fertile, and has an excellent haibour. Its N end lies oppodte Cumberland ifland, between which and Amelia iflc is the entry into St. Mary's river, in N lat. 30 53, W Ion. 67 23. ' Amelim, Ecor a, is a fouth eadcrn liead branch of Wabafli river, whofe mouth is 9 miles N E from the mouth of Salamauie river, and 45 miles S W from the Miami village and fort. Amoenia, a thriving towndiip in Dutch- efs county, New York, 6 railei didant from Sharon, in Connedticut. It contains 3078 inhabitants, of whom 383 are elect- ors. Amerka, is one of the four quarters of the world, probably the largeft of the whole, and is from its late dilcuvery, fre- quently denominated the New IVorlJ, or New Ilcmifjifiere. This vad country, extends from the j:6th degree of S lat. to the north pole, and from the 3Jth to the i6jth degree of W long, from Greenwich. It is nearly lo.oco milts 11 length. Its average breadth may be Jibout 1800 or 2000 miles, It has two lunimers, and a double winter, and enjoys aimoft all the variety of climates whicli the earth af- fords. It is M-alhcd by two great oceans. To the cadward it has tlie Atlantic, which devidcs it from Europe and Africa. To the W it has the Pacific, or Great ioiuh Sea, by which it is feparated from Alia. By tliefe it carries ou a dircdl com- merce with the other three parts of the world. America is divided into two great continents, called Nutth and South Amer- ica, by an idhnius about 500 miles long ; md which, at Darien, about lat. 9 N, i* ;)iily 60 miles ovar ; other writers fay 34 milts. Thi» idlunus, with the northern an«l' AME AME 1^ I i- Jul . m and fcuthcrn conttncnts, formi tlic Gulph of Mexico, in and near which lie the ifl- ands, c:»llcd the IVi^l Indies, in contradif- tindlion to the caflcrn parts of Ada.which arc caHtd the EiJ} Iitd'us. In America nature fteins to have carried on her oi»- erationH upon a larger fcalc, and with a bolder hand, and to have diAinguiflied the features of this country by a peculiar magniticcncc. The mountainn of Anierica are much fupcrior in height to thofe in the other divilions of the globe. Even the plain of Quito, which may be confidrred as the bafe of the Amies, i» elevated farther above the level of the fca than the top of the Pyrenees in Europe; and Chimbora- zo, the mod elevated point of the Andes, is ao,i8o feet high, which is at Irafl 7102 ftct above the peak of 'I'tnerifTe. From the lofty and exteniive mountains of America, defcend rivers, wuh which the ftreams of L'uropc,cf Afia, or of Africa, arc Hilt to be compared, either for length ofeourie, or for the va ft body of water, which they convey to the ocean. The Danube, the Indus, the Ganges, or the l^ile, in the caftcrn hemifphere, arc not uf equal ma^^nitudc even with the St. Law- rence, the Miirouri, or the MiflTifippi, in North Aniciica ; and fall far fl.ort of the Amazon, and the La Plata in South America. The lakes of the New World are no lefs confplcuous for grandcnrthnn its mountains and rivers. There is noth- ing in other parts of the globe which re- fembles the prodigious chain of lakes in North America, viz. Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario. They may be properly termed inland feas of frefh wa- ter And even thofc of the fecond or third daft, are of greater circuit, (tbeCai- pinn Tea excepted) than the greated lake of the ancient continent. The luxuriance of the vegetable creation in the New World is extremely great. In the fouth- ern provinces, where the moifturc of the clim.-ite is aided by the warmth of the fun, the woods are almoft impervious, and the furface of the ground is hid from the eye under a thick covering of ftirubs, of herbs, and weeds. In the northern provinces, although the forcfts arc not incumbered with the fame wild luxuriance of vegeta- tion, the trees of various fpecies are gener- nlly more lofty, and often much larger, than are to be fcen in any other parte of the world. This vaft country produces moft of the metals, minerals, plantsjfruits, &c. to be met with in the other parts of the wocld, and many of them in gieaier *juantit!e<, And In high perfctflion. Th« gold anrl (ilvcr of America have fupplirdi Europe with rhofc precious metals. The gold and filver of liiwope now bear little proportion to the high price fet upon them before the difcovery of America. It alfo produces diamonds, pearls, emeralds, amethyfts, «nd other valu.ible ftoncs. To thefi', which are chit-fly the produiftions of South America, may be added a great number of othrr commodities, which, though of lefs price, arc of much greater ute. Of tlicfe are the plentiful fupplic» of cochineal, indigo, anatto, logwood, bra- zil, fuftic, pimenta, ligmimvitx, rice, gin- ger, cocoa, or the chocolate nut, fugar, cotton, tob.'icco, banillas, redwood, the ball'ams of Tolu, Peru, and Chili, that valuable article in medicine, the Jefuit's bark, mechoacan, fafTafras, farfaparilla,. calTia, tamarinds, hidci, furs, ambergrife, and a great variety of woods, roots, and plants, to which, before the difcovery of America<'the Europeans were cither en- tire flrangers, or wliich they were forced to buy at an extravagant rate from Afia and Africa, through the lunula of the Ve- netians and Oenoofc, who then cngroffcd the trade of the eaftern world. On this continent there grow . alfo a variety of excellent native fruits ) as pine apples, citrons, lemons, or.inges, pomegranates, %s, gr;ipcn, a great variety of culinary, medicinal, and other herbs, roots and plants, with many exotic produtflicr.s, which are brought to as great perfedion as in their native foil. Not^vithftanding the many fettlements of the F.uropeans on this continent, groat part of America re- mains almoft unknown. N America con- tains the four Britifli provinces, viz. 1. Upptr Canada ; 1. Lntvcr Canada, to which are annexed New Britain, and 'he ifland of Cape Breton ; 3. Neiu Brtinfi .'ck : 4. No- ',ia Scotia, to which is annext. 5/. y<)hn.' JJland. Belides thefe .ire th. ■ iflands of NfiufcundlaKd, and the United States. It con- tains .tlfo the Spanifli territories of Florida, Neiv Mexico, California, Mexico, and Lnu- ifinna, lately purchafed by the U States. Bcfide thefe, there are immenfe unexplor- ed regions to the W and N W. In the fouthern continent, lie the Spanifli prov- inces of Terra Firtna, Guiana, Peru, Par.t- f::iry, and Chili ; together vjth that of Brazil, belonging to the' Portuguefe, and the country of Surinam, belonging to the Dutch. Vaft trades, however, in the in- land parts, are unknown, being compre- 1 hcnded under t' ncral name of Ama- zonia, AME AME .merica con- ftonia, formerly called Maragnon. A large diftri«ft alfo Ues between the ftraits of Magellan and the province of Para- guay, called Puijgoniu, little known. A- inerica, fo far as kiiown, is chiefly claimed and divided into colonies, by three Euro- pean nations, the Spaniards, Biittfli, and Portuguefe. The Spaniards, as they lirft dil'covered it, have the largefl and richeft {wrtion, extending from Louiliana and Vmw Mexico, in N America, to tlic ftraits of Magellar, in the South Sea, except- ing the lar^e ])i'(>vince of Brazil, which belongs to i'ortugal ; for, though the French ^ \d Dutch have I'ome forts upon Surinam and (iuiana, they Icarcely ckii-r .\; to be coiilidered as proprietors, of any pt'.rt of the fouthern continent. ' :.xt to i^pain the moft confiderable propria or of Ame- rica was Great Britain, who derived her claim to N America trim the lirft diicov- r.ry of that continent, by Sebaftian Cabot, in the name of Henry Vii. of England, in the year 1497, about 6 years after the dif- covery of S America by Columbus, in the name uf th« king of Spain. I'he country vras in general called Neiv/outidiaiid, a name which is now appropriated i'olely to an ifland on its coaft. It was a long time iMfe fore the Englilh made any attempt to td^ tic in this country. Sir Walter Raleigh, an uncocimon genius, and a brave com- mander, tirft ftiewed the way, by planting a cobny in the fouthern part, which he called Virginia, in honor of queen Eliza- beth, who was unmarried. The French, indeed, from this period until the conclu- iion of the war of 1756, laid a claim to, and adlually poiTeiled, Canada and Louili- ana ; but, in that war, they were not only driven from Canada, aiid its dependencies, but obliged to relinquifli all that part of JLouifiana lying on the £ lide of the Mifli- fippi ; and the Britifh colonies, at the peace of 1763, extended fo far as to ren- tier it difficult to afCertain the preclfe bounds of the empire of G Britain in N America. To the northward, Britain might have extended her claims quite to the pole. From that extremity, Ihc had a territory extending fouthward to Cape Florida, in the Gulf of Mexico, in N lat. a.?, and, confequently, near 4000 miles in a diredl line. And to the weftward, the boundaries were unknown ; but having entered into impohtic difputes with her colonies, flie brought on a war, of wliich flic felt the ruinous effeiSts, by the dil'mem- berment of her empire in N America : and Britiili America, at the peace in 1 783, was circumrcrlbed within the narrow Iim> its already mentioned. America was very probably peopled early after the flood. See IViill SubterraneoH. Who were the firft people of America ? And whence did they come ? are qucftions concerning which much has been faid and written. Dr.Robertfon and theAbbcClavigero have attempted a foluuon of them. A fum- mary of their opinions may be found in the American Univerfal Ueograpby. It has been common, in eftimating the population of the whole world, to allow i.io millions to Anuiita. But tliis is probably live times tlieir xzA number, ior if we fuppoi'e every pTL uf the whole continent »« A- nierica to be as populous as the U States, (which is not the cafe) the whole number will be but about 60 millions. The exaA number is probably not more than 30,000,000. The prefent Americans may be divided into two general clafl'es. Firft, the proper Americans,commonly calledin- dians, fometimes Aborigines, or thofe who are defcended from the firft inhabitants of the ^w world, and who have not mixed thei^lood vtrith the inhabitants of the old contjjient. Secondly, thofe who have mi> grated, or have been tranfported to Ame- rica, fuice its tlifcovery by Columbus, and their dcfcendants. The former may be fubdivided into three clafl'es. Firft, the S American Indians, who probably came over from the northern and weftern pnvts of Africa, and the Ibuthern parts of Alia and Europe. Secondly, the Mexicans, and all the Indians fouth of the lakes and weft of the Mifljiippi. Thirdly, the inhabit- ants of Efquimcaux, Labrador, and the countries ip'ound them. The latter may alfo be diftinnjiiifljed into three claflTes. Firft, Europeans of many diflerent nations, who have migrated to America, and their defcendants, of nuraixed blood. In this clafs we include the Spaniards, Englifli, Scotch, Irifli, French, Portu^Mitfc, Ger- mans, Dutch, Swedes, &c. botn in N and S America. Secondly, Africans, who have been tranfported t(^ America and its iflands, and their defcendants. Thirdly, tlie mixed breeds called by the Spaniards, Cnf^ir/z, a fmall iiland on the coaft of Bra?.il, un which the towns of Santos and St. Vincents were hdiit. Oppofite to both fliips iind exceile.it anchora.ge. AmUpjs, tvv'o volcanoes in the province of Guatimah, in N Sp^in, near the moun- tains oi iSoconufco. Aniit, a riverwhichrifesin theMiflifip- pi Territory, aiid after a foutherb, courfe falls irito the Iberville. It is navigable for batteaux a confidernble diftanfe. Amonoofuci, Rn Indian -name given to two rivers in N Hampfliire : the one is called f^/>*r Amonooluck, pafling through a tradl of excellent meadov/. It rii'es near the nortli end of the White Hills, runs nortlierlv about 15 miles, where is a car- rying place of about 3 miles fo Ama- rifooggin River. From thence the river rims S Wand W nearly 18 miles, and emp- ties into the Connetlicut at Northumber- lF.nd, near the Upper Coos. The other is called Great or Lonver Amonoofuck, which rifes on the weft fide of the White Tvloun- tains. It falls into the Connedlicut juft nbove the town of Haverhill, in I-ower Coos, by a month ico v.inls wide. Ahtitit 2 miles from its mouth it receives IV'iLl Amnnoifuch, 40 yards wide, from Franoo- nia .and Lincoln Mountains. Two or three hours rain -raifcs the water in this lafl mentioned river feveral feet, and oc« cafions a current fo furious as to put in motion ftones of a foot in diameter, but its violence loon fubfides. Amotape, a town in Peru, near Tumbez, on a river of excellent water, and near the fliore of the Pacific Ocean, furround- ed by a country highly improved, lat. 4 15 43 S. Ampulla, r Ampalia, a city and feapoKt in GuatimalaGuif.in that of Mexico, jjo miles S E of the city of Guatimala, and carries on a briik trade in cochineal, co- coa, hides, indigo, &c. Amptins, a jurifdidlion under the arch- bifliop of Plata, eadward of that city, in the empire of Peru. It abounds in grain^ and cattle. ylniJ}erdam,Neiv,'vias the name originally given by the Dutch to the city of N York. Amjladam,^ new townfliip in Montgom- ery CO. N York. It contains 1064 inhabits ants, 12 or 14 miles N Woi Schcnedtady. Amufkeag Falls, in New Hampfliire, are on Merrimack River, i6 miles below Concord, and 7 below Hookfct Falls. It coufiUs of three pitches, one below the other, fo that the water falls about 80 feet j|| the courfe of half a mile. The fecond pitch, which may be feen from the road, on the W fide, is- truly majeftic. In the middle of the upper part of the fall, is a high rocky ifland, on the top of which are a number of pits, made exadtly round, like barrels or hogflic ads, fome of which are capable of holding feveral tons ; formed by the circular motion of fmall ftones, im- pelled by the force of the defcending wa- ter. At the foot of the rapids, half a mile below the principal fall, is a bridge 3j6 feet in length, and ao in breadth, confift- ing of aooo tons of timber, and made pafl- able for travellers 57 days after it was be- gun. A canal, with locks, around thefe falls, is nearly completed. N lat. 42 59. Anahuac, the ancient Indian name of New Spain, or Mexico. Anajlatia, St. a fmall ifland clofe to the coafl of Eafl. Florida, S of Maftaiices inlet, where the river Maflances forms two ifl- ands of the fame name at its mouth. St. Anaftatia ifland is bounded on the N by Si. Auguftines' bar. Here is a quarry of fine ftone for building. AncUte Point, on the Peninfula of Cali- fornia, end cc.ifl: of the North Pacific O- ccan, lies in the 3Cth deg. of N lat. and 1 1 6th of W Ion. foutheriy from the town of Velicata, and N E from the fmall ifland of Guadaloupe. A'ICbC0l \ \ «t, and oc- > to put in imcter, but r Tumbez, ', and near , furroiiad- Dvcd, lat. 4 ind feaport Mexico, 3>|b iniaia, and hineal, co- r the arch- fiat city, in ds in grain^ e originally of N York. 1 Montgom- 964 inhabit* :hene(ftady. iptliire, are iles below jkfet Falls. ! below the bout 80 feet The fecond m the road, tic. In the he fall, is a f which are round, like which are 18 ; formed Hones, im- ending wa- half a mile iridge ss6 1th, conlift- made paft- r it was be- und tliefe lat. 42 5')- name of lofe to the aiices inlet, ms two ifl- outh. St. the N by 8 a quarry ila of Call- Pacific o« N lat. and the town mall ifland ■A I AND Aiictcu) Creek, in N Jerfey, a water of the Delaware, 6 miles S W from Burlington. It is navigable 16 miles ; and confider.-tble quantities of Inniber are exported from it. Anco, a fmail town of S America, 3 leagues from the city of Guainanga. Aiidaguaylas, a jurifdidlion in ti Ameri- ca, in Peru, fubjetf): to the archbilliop of Lima; E by 6 of the city of Guamauga. It abounds in I'ugar plantations, grain of moft forts, and fruits. Andulufia, NetUyA province of Terra Fir- ma, on the coafl of the Atlantic, oppofitc the Leeward Iflands. Aiidiijlij, an hidian nation in Canada. Andes. The principal mountains on this weftern continent are the Cordillera de los Andes, or Great Chain of Andes, in S A- merica. They ftretch along the Pacific Ocean from the ftraits of Magellan to the ifthmus of Darien or Panama, upwaids of 4000 miles ; thence they run through the extenfive kingdom of New Spain, till they lofe themfelves in the unexplored coun- tries of the north. In New Spain, the moft confidcrable part of this chain is call- ed Sierra Madre, particularly in Cinaloa and Tarahumery, provinces 1200 miles diflant from the capital. Further N they have been called, from their bright ap- pearance, the Shinhig Mounia'ins. The height of Chimborazo, the moft elevated point of this vaft chain, is 20,280 feet a- bove the level of the Tea ; wliich is 710a feet higher than any other mountain in the known world. The Andes common- ly form two ridges as they run, the one higher and barren, and covered with fnow, although in the torrid zone ; the other fruitful in woods, groves, &c. The latter abounds with wild hogs ; and flieep called guanacos, refembling a camel in fliape, but of a fmaller fize, whofe hair for foftnefs, finenef's, and colour, is pre- ferred to filk. 'I'he Andes have 16 volca- noes, which break out in various places, and by melting the fnow, ocralion fuch torrents of water, that numbers of men and cattle have periflied. They are only pafTable in fummcr, and require 3 or 4 days to reach the top of any one of the higheft. .4/.-.yoT>i'r, a large, fertile and thriving poft town in Ellcx co. Mailachufettj. It"' con- tains 2941 inhal)itants, in two pariflies. In the South pariih are a paper mill and powder mill, from tU- latter ot wiiich the army received large fupplies of gunpow- der in the late war. There is an excel- lent academy in this town, ciillcd " Phil- AND lips Academy," which owes Its exiftence to tlie libcr.d benefatftions of the taiiuij vvhcl'e name it bears. Another academy has lately been eltabliflied in the N pai- ifli. Andover is under exijellent cultiva> tion, particularly that part which is wa- tered by oiiawllieen River. It lies about 2c miles W from ^ewburyport,aiid about 32 N from Bolton. Andover, a town in Hillfborough co. N Hampfliire, contains 11 33 inhab!ian!s,aii(i was incorporated in 1779. Aiuhver, is the fuuth weflernmoft tov/n- fliip in Windfor co. Vermc.ut, has CI'. titer on the li, 22 miles W of Cliarleftowu, and contains 1016 inhabitants. Andover, a town in i-juhex co. N Jerfejr, lO miles S of New Town. Andre, St. a town in the kingdom of Le- on, near the mouth of Kall'as Kiv er, wluci* falls into the ''Uilf of IVlcxito. Andrean'jjj^. i jjlcs, a crefcent of iiici' b«^> twcen Alia and America, difcovercd in 1760. The natives refenible the E/qui- meaux ami Greeulanders in their language and manners. They aie idolaters. i'n.e Be/iring's Straits, and Nori'f\rn Anhifeliij^a, Andres, St. or Aiidrens, an iiland on ti.e Mufquito ihore, off the i'earl Key.s. N lat. 1 2 30, W Ion. o2 30. Andreiv's, St. a fin?.ll town in N Eruiif- wick ; fituated in the rear of aa iilnnd of the fame name, on the K lide oi" the arm of the inner bay of Pali'imaqnoddy , called Schoodick. The town is legulaiiy !aia tmt in the form of an obloiig li^uaie. 'iiie few ii-yliabitants are chitity emphiyed ia the lumber trade. '1 he common tidci rife here about 18 feet. Andrew's, St. a townlliip in Caledonia^ CO. Vermont, about 20 miles N \V oi New- bury. AndreTs's, St. a parifli in Charlefton liif- t' idt, .S Carolina. Andre^/s Scu:i4, St. lies S of Jckyl's bl- and, and i.s forniL'd by it and a huall iiland at the mouth of Great Satilla River. 1 lie fmall river cppoiiie this found feparatcs Camden fr.'im Giynn co. in Georgia. Andros, iliands on the .S W of Provi- dence, in tlie B:ii!ama iilands, called by the Spaiii;irc's, Ylles del Lipiiitu Santo. They take up u Ipace cl 3c leagues k;iii> and 4 or 5 ljro.;d,iiUeriecicd by a luunbtr of Very narrow paiTages. Andnj\:0'i\^in, or A?!i.-r.icogfren liiver, ill Maine, may be called the m;'Iii \vvr!:i'rn branch of the IvcniiL-I.H'ik. h.s four«. e.s ;ii e N of Lake Umbagog. Its courfe is luut!.- cr!y till it approaches near to the \\'l.i:e \ A N G Monntajnt, from which it receivei Moofe and Peabody riven. It then turns to the £, and then to the S £, in which courfe it pafTei within % miles of the fea coaft, find then turning N runs over Pejepfkaeg falls into Merry Meeting Bay, where it forms a jund^ioii with the Kennebeck, so miles from the fca. Formerly, from thi» bay to the lea, the confluent Urcam was caUcd Sagadahock. The lauds on this river are very good. LittU Amnrefcogren riles in Paris, and palTcs through Hebron and Poland, and enters great Amerelcog- gen at the 20 mile falls, cppofite Lewif- town, about 15 miles of irregular courfe from Merry Meeting Bay. The whole length with all its windings is about .'^o miles. It receives feveral Ilreams and ponds, particularly the Range Pond8,Brau- dy Pond, &c. Arugada, one of the Virgin Ifles in the 'Weft Indies, and dependent on Virgin Gor- da. It is about 6 leagues long, is low, and aimed covered by water at high tides. On the S fide is Treafure Point. Lat. 18 ajN.lon. 63 W. Angaraea, a province in S America, in Peru, fubjeiSt to the archbifliop of Lima, ao leagues N W by W of the city of Gua- manga. It abounds in all kinds of grain and fruits, beiide vad droves of cattle for . labour and fuftenance. Angela, Port of, a harbour on the S Sea eoa(l,in the middle between St. Pedro and Capolita ; a broad open bay, with good anchorage, but bad landing ; and the Spaniards reckon it as good a harbour as Guatulis. Angelot, or Tlafcala, a province of Mex- ico, extending between the N and S Seas, having the Gulf of Mexico on the £, the province of Guaxaca on the S B, the Pa- cific Ocean on the S, the province of Mex- ico Proper on the W, and that of Pcnuco on the N, from which it it divided byTuf- pa river or Cavoncs. From one fea to the other is 100 leagues, about 80 along the Gulf of Mexico, and 20 upon the i> Sea coafl. Its foil, climate, and produce, are much the fame with Mexico Proper. On the W fiie is a chain of mountains of x 8 leagues, well cultivated; and another jjreat ridge of moimtains on the N W, the neighbourhood of which fubie broken with creeks and marHies, that General Burgoyne's army, in July, i777, could fcarceiy advance above a mile in a day, on the road to Fort Edward. They had no fewer than 40bridge« to conftrudi, one of which wis of log work a miles in length ; circumftances which in after ages will appear hardly credible. Am's, .?/. a port on the E fide of Cape Breton Idand, where fiflnng veflels often put in. It lies on the N W (idc of the entrance into Labrador Lake. W Ion. 6o, Nlat. 47. A'inSfSt. is a fmall town on the River St. John's, province of New Brunfwick, about 8o miles from St. John's. It is at prcfent the feat of government. Anfoit, an interior county of N Carolina, Jn Fayette diftridl:, having TvTecklinburg county N and Bladen and Cumberland counties on the E. It contains 8146 in- habitants, including 1200 flaves. The foil is various in different parts, but in general is very good ; wheat, rye, oats, cot- ton, rrce, hemp, are raifed in great per- fetflion. Some of the low lanos are un- healthy ; billious and internu'ttent com- plaints are common. All/on^ a town in Kennebeck co. Maine, on the W fide of Kennebeck river and N of Sandy river. Seven mile brook runs abm't 3 miles through the town, and en- ters Kennebeck in its N E comer. Anthonys Fcilh, St. in the River Mifll- fippi, lie about 10 miles NVVof the mouth of St. Pierre River, which joins the MifTi- fippi from the W, and are fituated in a- bont lat. 44 50 N, and were fo named by father Louis Hennipln, who travelled in- to thefe parts about the year 1680, and was the firft European ever feen by the natives there. The whole river, 150 -frards wide, falls perpendicularly above ^o feet, and forms a moft pleafing cafa- raift. The rapids below, in the fpace of ,<^oo yards, render the defcent confidera- tlv greater ; fo that when viewed at a diftance, they appear tg be much higher than they re.illy arc. In the middle ot the falls is a imall idand, about 40 feet broad, and fomewhat longer, on which grow a few hcmlf'ck and fpruce trees ; and about Ii.ilt way between this illand and the eaftern Ihore, is a rock, lying at the very edge of the fall, in an oblique pofition, 5 or 6 feet broad, and 30 or 40 long. Thefe falls are pcculiiirly fituated, as thev arc approachable without the leaft cbllruiflion from any intervening hill or precipice ; which cannot be faid, perhaps, of any other confiderable fall in the world. The fcene around is exceed- ingly beautiful. It is not an uninterrupt- ed plain, where the eye finds no relief, but compofed of many gentle afcents, which, in tlie fpring and fummer, are covered with verdure, and interfperfed with little g.oves, tliat give a pleafing va- riety to the profpeiSt At a little dif- tance below the falls is a fmall illand, a- bout 2 acres, on which grow a great number of oak trees, all the branches of which, able to bear the weight, are, in the proper feafon of the year, loaded with eagle's nefls. Their inftindtive wifdom has taught them to choofe this place, at it is fecure, on account of the rapids a- bove, from the attacks eitlier of man or beaft. Aittbony^s Kill, a weftern water of Hud- fon River. Its mouth is 7 miles above that of Mohawk River, oppofite Schate- coke. Anthonys Nop, a point of land in the Highlands, on Hudfon River, from which to Fort Montgomery on the oppofite fide, a large boom and chain was extended ia the late war, which coft not lefs than 70,0001. fi:erling. It was partly deftroy- ed, and partly carried away by General Sir Henry Clinton, in October, 1777. Al- fo, the name given to the point of a mountain on the N bank of Mohawk River, about 30 miles above ScheUedlady. •Around this point runs a public road. Anticojli, a barren, uninhabited ifland.in the mouth of St. Lawrence River. Lat. 49 30 N, Ion. 6i W London. Aiit'ietiim Creel, in Maryland, rifes by fevcral branches in Pennfylvania, and enipties into Patowmac River, 3 miles S S E from Sharpfourg. Elizabeth and Funk's towns ftand on this creek. It has a ni'mber of mills and forges A-iigmr, or Ar.tcgo, one of the Caribbee Iflands in the Wefl: Indies, belonging to Great Britain, is fituated 60 miles to the eaftward of Nevis and St. Chriflopher's, It Tt I< almo ^ long ant ^ acres of I appropri pifturag cotton an Iv rich, five drou i ticularly I luuibus, w \ it from a ■i de la Aiiti fays that i is a finguli which in fignified a fhould, in have been not a fingh tcr in it. rain watei ciflerns, is From drou is diflioult I the crops, that the q fome years, others ; thi hogflieads, crop was 15 ces ; and in 1778, there canes being md the who periflied, fo: vefiels had nd flour, leads of fug ;>ned a gooc lorted in om _y 1778, tot terling, in 2 184,526 cwt, [:il. molafies iiul other fn >!>rtcd to th he above, w; bounds in b 10ft of the ; tlier iflands. oth white ; lafed progr lubitants a [ares to 57.: to 6 paiifl arifhos are eorge, St. P, has 6 to» : the capital)? IV Bay, Old ot. i. le middle of >uut 40 feet ', on whicK )riire trees ; I thin illand >ck, lying at an obliijue nd 30 or 40 rly fituated, .vithout tlie intervening not be faid, iraljle fall in id is exceed- anintemipt- U no relief, itle afcents, ummer, are interfperfed pleafing va- : a little dif- lall ifland, a- ow a groat ! branches of It, are, in the loaded with live wifdoni lis place, as he rapids a- of man or ater of Hud- miles above olitc Schate- land in the from wliich l)ppofite lide, extended in It lefs tlian ;ly deflroy- Iby General 1777- Al- point of a if Mohawk Iclieneiftady. lie road. ed ifland, in Iver. l^at. kd, rJfes by |vania, and 3 miles S labeth and lek. It has ■e Caribbee plonging to iles to the |riftopher's. It I ANT tt i' almoft circular ; being about 15 miles long and lo broad, containing 59y^3^ acres of land, of which about 34>ooo are appropriated to the growth of fugar and jnfturage annexed. Its other ftaples are cotton and tobacco. The foil is natural- Ivr rich, and when not checked by cxcef- (ivc droughts, to wljich Antigua is par- ticularly fubjcdl, ii very productive. Co- luitibas, who difcovered this ifland, named it from a church in Seville, Santii Motrin divided >to 6 paiitlies and 11 diftriifls. The arifhcs are St. John's, St. Marv's, St. corge, St. Peter, St. Paul, .and St.'Philip. has 6 to^ns and villages. St. John's he capital) Parham, Falmouth, Willough- Bay, Old Bay, Old Road, and James OL. I. C ANT Fort ; the two firft of which are legal ports of entry. No ifland in this part of the Weft Indies can boafl: of fo many ex- cellent harbours ; of thcl'e the principal are Kn'jlifii Harbour, and St John's, both well fortified ; and at the former are a royal navy yard, anil arftnal, v iili cor.- vcuienccs for careening fliioi ot war. 'I'iie miiit.iry eflililiflinKMit {^oiicraily conlillj of 2 rcifinicnt; of inlantrv, and 2 of tbi t militia. There are likewiie a rqiKadron < f dragoons, and a battallion of artillery, botli raifed in the ifland; and the rctjulars re- ceive additional pay as in J.Tniaica. Tlie governor or captain generalol' thcloeward Caribbean Iflands, gencr.illy reliJcs in An- tigua, but vifits occafionally each ifland within his government ; and, in hearing and determininT; caul'cs from the oilier iflands, prefules alone. Me is clianccllor of each ifiand by his office; but in r; ufts arifing in Antigua, ho is all'ifled In li!s council, after the praiilice of Harbadocs ; and the prefidcnt, together witii a certain number of the council, may determine chaunccry caufes during the abfence of the governor general. The other court* of this ifland are a court of king's bencli, a court of common picas, and a court of excliequer. The clr.in-Ii of the United Brethren has been very fuccofciiul in con- verting to chriilianity manv ot the negro flaves of this and tiie other illands. '1 he climate here is hotter than at I'arliadoes, and like that ifland fiibictl: to luirricancs. The firft grant of Antigua wa,"; made bv Charles IL about 1^-63, to William Lord Willoughby of Parham, and three years after, a colony was planted. It was fur- prifed the fame year by the French. It made no figure in ccmmerce, till Col. Chriftopher Codrington, licut. governor of Barbadocs, came and fettled here in 1690. There happened a moft terrible hurricane here in 1 707, that did vafl d;im- age to this ifland and Nevis, more than to any of the Caribbee Iflands. In October, 1736, was the plot of Court, Tor.ibay and Hercules, three Indians vho had convey- ed gun powder under theball room, where the governor was to give a ball ; but it was happily difcovered, and they were all executed. Antigua lies between 17 y^^ and 1 7 1 7 45 N lat. and betw een 6i 22 15 and 61 36 12 W Ion. A.itlllc,;n cluiler of iflands in the Weft Indies, diftinguifhed into Great and ."^mall. They lie from 18 to 24 degrees of N lat. are diftinguiflied into Windward and Lee- ward Iflands, and lie in the form of a bow, flretcliing ^4 APA ftretchin]; from the coaft of Florida N tu that of Brazil S. The moft remarkable of them arc Cuba, Jamaica, Hifpaniola or Domingo, and I'orto Rico. See each un- der its proper head. Antiqutra, a feaport town in the prov- ince of Guaxaqua, in Mexico. Antiquiera, or Anteqii'ura, a town in N. Spain, province of Guaxaqua, 75 miles S of the city uf Guaxaqua. Afitriventria, a fubdivifion of Terra Fir- ma, S of Carthage, ia. Antonio De Suchilcpec, St. a town in Mtv ico or N. Spain, on the coaft of the Paciiic Ocean, N lat. 15, W Ion. 93 5. Antonio, St. the capital of the province of Apachicra, in N. Mexico. Antonio, A town in the province of Na- Tarra, in N. Mexico, on a river which runs S W into the Gulf of California. Antonio, Cu/ie St. the moft weftern point of the Ifland of Cuba ; having on the N W a number of idots and rocks, called Los Colorado!), between which and the cape is the channel of Guaniguanica. N lat. a J5,Wlon. 85^. Antonio De Cabo, St. a town in Brazil, in S. America, near Cape St. Auguftine, fub- je»a to the Portuguefe. Here they make a confidcrable quantity of fug.T. S lat. 8 34, W Ion. ,15 Si. Antonio, St. A town In N Moxiro on the "W fide of Rio Bravo River, below St. Grcgoria. Alfo, the name of a town on the river Hondo, which falls into the Gulf of Mexico, N E of Rio de Brava ; and on the eaftern fide of the river, S by W from Texas. ./<«/«>, a townfliip in Hilllborough cO. N. Hampfliire, 75 miles W of Portfmouth, and about the famediftanceNWof Bofton. Anville, or Miller's Toivn, in Dauphine CO. Pennfylvania, at the head of Tulpc- hocken Creek. When the canal between the Sulquehannah and Schuylkill, along thefe creeks, is completed, this town will probably rife to fome confequence. It lies 18 miles NEbyEfrom Hanifburg, and 6,; N W from' Philadelphia. Anxerma, is a town and province of Po- payan,in S.America,having mines of gold. It 18 feated on the river Coca. N lat. 4 58. Apachiera, an audience and province of N. Mexico, whofe capital is St. Fe, in N lat. 36 30, W Ion. 104. Apalaches, or 5/. MarVs R. rifes in the countryof the Seminole Indians, in E Flori- da, in N lat. 31 30, near the N W fource of Great Satilla River; runs S W through the Apalachy country into the bay of Apala- cKy, in the Gulf of Mexico. It ruMt al)out APO iiH miles and falls into the Bay nanr tti« mouth of Apalachicola River. Apiilachicola, a river botwccn E and VT Morida, having its fource in the Apalachi- an Mountains, in the Cherokee country, within tc'i mi!v8 of Tuguloo, the Upper branch of S;ivunn.ih Rivir. From iti fourct' to the mouth of Flint River, a dif- tance of 300 miles, it in called Chata Uche, or Ciiataiiooclif River. Flint River fall* into it from tlio N \L below the Lower Creek Towns, iiiNlat. i,\. From thence it nins near 80 miles, and tails into the Bay of Apalachy, or Apalachicola, in the Gulf of Mexico, at Cdpe Blaize. From its fourre to the 33d dcg. of N lat. its courfe is S W, from thence to its mouth it run* n-^arly S Sec Chata Ihha and Flint Riven. Atnliichicnlu, is likcwife the name of the 1 Tother town or capital of the Creek or M\jfcogidge confcderacy,calledApaI'achu- cla by Bertram. It is, fays he, facfed to peace ; no captives are put to death or hunuui blood fpilt here ; and when a gen- eral peace is propofed, deputies from all the towns in the confederacy meet here to deliberate. On the other hand, the grri'.t Coweta Town, 11 miles higher uj) the Chata Uche River, is called the Blocdy Toivn, where the Miccs chiefs and warr lors alTenible wlicn a general war is pro- pofed ; and there captives and ftate malC' faiftors arc put to death. Apal.ichicola is fituated a mile and an half above the an' cicnt town of that name, which was fitu- ated on a pcninfula formed by the doub- ling of the river, but defcrted on account of inundations. The town is about 3 days journey from Tallaflee, a town on the Tallapoofe River, a branch of the Mobile River. See Coiueta, and TallnJJ'ie. Apatachian MQuiiluins, a part uf thcranjc called fometimes by this name, but gener- ally Alleghany Mnuntairs. In this part of the great chain of mountains, in the Cher- okee country, the river Apalachrcola liai its foUrce. See Allevhany Muunlains. Apalachy Country, extends acrt)!* Flint and Apalaches Rivers, in Eaft Florida, having the Seminole country on the N E. Apalachy, or Apalachya, is by fome writ- ers, applied to a town .-md harbour m Florida, 90 miles E of Penfacolri, into whi-ili this river empties itfelf. The tribes if the Apalachian Indians lie around it. Apoquenemy Creek, falls into Delaware Bay from Middletown, in Newcaftle co. Delaware, a mile and an half below Ree- dy Ifland. A canal is propofed to extend from the fouthern branch of this creek, at, about 4 miles from Middletown, to tha « lipad of 1 Jant ; wl nation b< Chefape; Afyple in St. La S Pule of Green Illi which re Apple fide ot Se ttie town mulus on Appoma branch o may be n or 10 mill any velFcl Bar, in Jt J^ water a m Ij Bar, and i, " Peterlburf burg the n l)ut a com canal roun the town, out the riv Edward cc Apolo Ua millions be jedl to the from that c 7 towns of c thefe from 1 and to give litia is kepi formed by 1 Apurima, cr in Peru, river Aban: Aquafort, the fouth e:i land Ifland, Aquedochto pifeogee, in whofe watei Jakes in a I Merrimack Sanborntow) _ Aquila, a ginia, 47 mil AquiJneck, Rhode Ifland Araguaya, >razil. See Ararat, M. 'range of moi 'N- Carolina, t>i anch of Ya ple If and, a fmall uninliabited ifland in St. Lawrence River, in Canada, on the S lide of the river, between Dafiiue and Crrcen Illands. It is furroundcd by rocks, which render the navigation dangerous W//>/j' Teivn, an hidian village on the F. fide of Seneca Lake, in N. York, between the townfliips of Ovid on the S and Ro- mulus on the N. Appomatox, is the name of a fouthcrn branch of James River, in Virginia. It may be n;ivigated as far as Bro dways, 8 or 10 miles from Bermuda Hundred, by any veird, which has crofled Harrilon's Bar, in James R,iver. It has 8 or 9 feet water a mile or two fartJier up to 1 illier's Bar, and 4 feet on that and upwards to Peterfburg. For 5 miles above Peterf- l>urg the navigation is interrupted by falls ; l)ut a company are employed in cutting a canal round thefe falls into the centre of the town, and already they have cleared out the river as far as Farmville in Prince Edward co. Apolo Bama, a jiirifdidlioii confifting of millions belonging to the Francifcans, lub- jeiSl to the bifliop of Cufco, 60 leagues from that city, in Peru. Thefe confift of 7 towns of CO. verted Indians. To protect thefe from the infults of the other Indians, and to give credit to the miffionaries, a mi- litia is kept here, under a major general, formed by the inhabitants. Apiirima, or Aparamac, a very rapid riv- er in Peru, S. America, 30 miles from the river Abanzai. Aquafort, a fettlement on the E fide of the fouth eaftern extremity of Newfound- land Idand, lat. 47 10 N. Aqtieihchton, the outlet of lake Wiiini- pifeogee, in N. Hampfliire, N lat. 43 40, |whofe waters pafs through fevcral fmaller iJakes in a S W courle, and empty into Merrimack River, between the towns of iianborntown and Canterbury. Aqiiila, a poft town in Stauord co. Vir- inia, 47 miles from Wafhington. Aquidncci, the aiicicnt Indian name of liode Ifland. Araguaya, a branch of Para River, in sBrazil. See Para. Ararat, Mount, or the Stone Hi-ad, a fliort range of mountains on the N frontier of N. Carolina, F- from Ararat River, a N W ipraiich of Yadkin River, from the f"jnmit <5 a delightful and extenlive profpeit. ARE Araflaptf^aiv. See Athnfnjittv LAe. Arnma, a fortrels and town of Chili, in .S. America ; lituattd in a fine val'.cy, ona river of the fume name, N by W from Baldivia. ^ The native Indians drove the Spaniards out of their country, though delHtute ol firearms. S laf, 37 30, W Ion. Araziio, one of the principal places in Porto Riro Illand, in the VV Indies. It has few inhabitants, and little trade but fmug- g''n«- Arcar, an ifland in the Gulf of Mexico, in the Bay of Campeachy. Lat. ao, Ion. ya 50. Ard< Spri/ig. See Bald Eaglf f 'allay. Anlipiliijrs, Danj^i-rous, the nanic giveti •giv cluf by Bou^anville, in F«;b. 1768, to a cTuftac of illands in the Pacific Ocean, in the neighbourhood of Otahcite, fituated b«» twecn to and 18 degrees S lat. and be- tween Z4a and 145 degrees W Ion. from Viirii. The iflands which compofe this Archipelago, he named Quatrc Facardins, the Lanciers, and La Harpe.and other ifl- ands, forming two groups, to which he gave no names. In April, 1769, Captain Cook fell in with thefe fame illands, and named them Lagnon Ifland, Thruivi Cap, Bow Ifland, and the Two Group?. Archipelago of the Great Cyclades, a clufter of iflands in the Pacific Ocean, lying be- tween 14 and aodcg. S lat. and i^etwsen 164 and 168 dcg. E Ion. from Paris, dif- covered by Bouganville, aad of May,i 768.. This is the fame clufter of iflands difcover- by Quiros in i6o('), and by him called Tierra Anjlral del Efpiritu Santo, which fee. Capt. Cook pafied thefe iflands in 1774, and palled them New Hebrides. Ardois, a mountain in Nova Scotia, be-, twecn Windfor and Halifax ; 13 miles N W from the latter. It is deemed the high- eft land in Nova Scotia, and aft'oriis an cxtcnfivc profpe*^ of all the hijrh and low lands about Windfor and Falmouth, and. the diftant country bordering the Bafon of Minas. Arequipa, is one of the largeft cities in Peru, S. America, and was founded by Don Francifquo Pizarro, in 1539. It ftands. in the valley of Quiica, about ao leagues from the fea, in a fertile country. Near it is a dreadful volcano. The air is very temperate ; and the beft in the coun- try ; but it has been four times la;4. in ruins by earthquakes. It is very pop- ulous, and' well built ; contains a con- vent, and two nunneries, and had a col- lege of Jefuits. It has a biflioprick in Li- ma. A R R ASC i 'i^liii m m», and lie* J90 milr» s by E from that city. l,i»t 16 40 S, Ion. 75 30 W. A'-s^ylt, a townfliip in W,ill»iii};ton co. N. Yolk.ontlie K bank otJ-IiiiUdii Rivrr, ill which are Vutl Kdward mvI lort Mil- Itr. ^'(jv/c.a townfliip in olulbiirnr co. No- va Sn)ti;i, fL'ttlid liy Acailiaiu :iiid ticotch. Aru.i, ii jurililiJtioii ill llic l>itlui|)rick of .V ■cquip.i, in I'cru, txlrndiitj; ;ti'ing the ci)h(1 ol till' S fca. It jm>(liicc» little illtr than .ii_;i, tir Giiiiii.i pcppir ; and in Ionic pi lies lirg, olives, lit which they in ikc Oil and pickL's : but, alihon);!) (he country is utIitrwilV l)arrcn, tlic produce of pcppt.i'.uiuiunts annually to no Ida than 60,000 dollars value. Aricj, A town anil port in the province of I.Ob C'lKiri.()», i > Fern ; bcinj^ the port town to mod oftiic mines in that country. It ib a pi ICC of vaft trade, and very pop- vdous ; lelJoni without a great deal of diipping. h is but badly fortitied, and ha3 been much injured by <'artlu]uakeH, which have alfo hurt its trade. No raiu ever falls here ; the houfes arc therefore witlioiif root's. Tile valley of Arica it famous forlitilc tlfe than the culture of Guinea pcppcr.which theSpaniards plant- ed, and of this they raife annually to the value of 80,000 crowns. It in jjO miles SE of Lima. S lat. 18 a;, Wlon.71 6. AiiJjjt, a town in Cape Breton illand. Aiii-s Kill, a fmall creek wl»ich runs northerly iuto Mohawk River, a^ miles W from Schoharie River, in N. York. Aiiiinfas, Arkiinfatv, a N W branch of Miinfippi River, of a very long courfc in Louifiana, which falls in by two mouths, and forms an idand, whofe north wtflern point lies in N lat. 33 35, W Ion. 91. The length of this illand is 35 miles ; its breadth lo. The branch on the north eadern fide of the illand receives White River, about 24 miles ftom its mouth. Arl'/r^lon, a townfhip in Bennington en, Vci mont, I z miles N from Bennington. It has [)()i inhabitants. Armaiicbijuois, a nation of Indians in Canada. Armjltonft, 3 county of Pcnnfylvania, bounded N by Vcnan^^i, E by Lycoming, watered by the Allcijhany, and its brandi- es, containing ,581,400 acres, and 2399 in- habitants.'being divided into 3 townlliips. Ar/ieJu, a town in Peru, on the South Sea, 25 miles N of Lima. Atraciffi, a \)ort town of Brazil, in the capcainfliipof Fcrnanibaco ; eftccmtd the ftrongeft in all Brazil. The poit tonfiQs of a fuburb, iu which are feme large houl- ei, and repuntories for floret ; and isbuils upon a nirrow padagc, wiih a callle li» defend the entrance. Notwith(landin|; which, Janus i.ancailer enltred the iiar- bour in 159;, wiih 7 Englilh vtfleb, and made himliU m^tflcr of the town and caf- tle, wImtc he (oniinurd a month, and or- ried oH'imnunfc plunder ; but fincc that tini'.', the l'ortn)>ucfe iiave rendered it ol- moft inacciflihlc to enemies, l.at. 8 20 S, Ion 36 10 W. Arr,iy,il Di Poralf, a town in Brazil, fituatid en the W fide of I'ara River, be- low the junction of its two ^rcai briuichc*. See i .I'u Kurr. Arn>ufei^,-Ax\ ifland in Mdine, feparatrd from Parker's Illand by a I'nudl (Irait. It is within tlie limits of (iforjic Town, and contains nearly \ of its inhabitants, and has a church. It contains ab>>ut 20,coo acres of land, including a large quantity of fait marlli. .Sec Cm^c Town and Piirhr'j JJlatiJ, A rp cutis, the IJlanJt o/iI}i,the name given by M. de .Surville, in 1769, to bolomon'k liiands, on account of the barbarous char- ad>er of their inhabitants, particularly at Port Pradin. Thefe iflands were vilUcd by Mr. Shortland in 1788, and by him called New Georgia. Sec Solomon j IJk* and Poit Ptojlin. Arthur Kiill, or Newark Bay, on the coaft of N. Jerfcy, is formed by thcunioa pf Paflaic and Hackinfack Rivers. Aiiiha, one of the Little Antille Idands, in the W. Indies, is fubjeifl to the Dutch. It is uninhabited, lies near Terra Firma, 14 leagues W of Curacoa, and produces little clfc beilde corn and wood. N lat. 12 30, W Ion. 67 3 J. AriimJ'iinihiw^iin,isWi in Pcnobfcot river. Aiiinctcl,A townfliip in York co. Maine, between Cape Forpoife, and Fiddeford on the N E on Saco River, 21 miles N E from York. Afjiif^aro, a jurifdiillion undci the bifljop of Cufto, in Peru, S. America, 50 leagues from that city : numbers of cattle arc bred here. There arc fome filver mines in the N E part of it ; and it produces papas, quinoas, and canaguas. Of the two 1.1ft they make chicha aj others do from maize. Afu-i:Jioii Bvas incorporated in 1765, and contaiiH 'Jc rc:i, and 1733, above hijjh water in Conne»5licut River, wluchgUdea l>y its E (idc. Ajhe, a county of N. Carolina, Morgan diftrii't, containinjj 1783 inhabitants, 85 of them are (laves. The courtRoul'e, where a poll olKce is kept, is 473 miles fnnn Wafliington. Afijxcli!, a towniliip in Ilampfliire co. Mallachufctts, about 15 miles N W of Northampton, and i ao from BoAon, con- taining 1741 inhabitants. Afiford, a port town in Windham co. Connetfkicut, incorporated in 1710, 38 miles northeaftcrly from Hartford. AJhford, Nciv, a townfliip in Bcrkfhire CO. Mafl'acJiufctts, fouth of and adjoining WiUiamdown, and has 390 inhabit, ts. AJhmot, the principal harbour m Ifle Madame, which is dependent on Cape Breton. See Breton Cape. AJhueht, or AJbtvillet, a fmall river, hav- ing a number of branches, whole moft dil- tant ftturce is at the N end of the Sunapee Mountains, N. Haniplliire. It runs fouth wefterly through part of Chefliire county. Below Winchefter it runs W by N. and empties into Conncifticut R. at Hinfdale. AJhvilley a poft town in Buncombe co. N. Carolina, 549 miles from Wafliington. Afpotagoen Alountain. This high land lies on the promontorj 'h.^t feparates Ma- hone from Margaret's bay, in the coaftof Nova Scotia. It is fccn at a gre^t diftance from the offing, and is the land generally made by the fliips bound from Europe and the W. Indies to Halifax. The fummit is about 500 feet ab(\vc the level of the ica. AJfabet, a rivulet which rifcs'in Grafton, Worcefter co. Maflachufetts, and runs N E into Merrimack River. JtJfinfpn'.vaU^ a lake wtAward of ChriA' tianaux Lake, and through whii.h itk wa- ters nm into Albany Kiver, iu New Uouth j Wales. AJJ'ii'ihtih, or AJfnibieh, a river and l;iko in the N W part ol N. Ame'ica. '1 he riser is laid to rile in ilie Mountain ot bright I .Stones, runs N 1'. into i.akc Winl[)ie, in N I lat. ji^ W Ion. 106, 47 mile* from the 1 mouth of Winniidc rivir, 30 miles f .» m I the lake it divides into two branohcit. ht I waters U'e inhabited by the Algonquin ! and Nadowalis tribes, wiio arein periiCin- al warfare, iievend other tribes are louiid here. 'I'he lake is placed in loiuc maps in the jad dcg. of N lat. and 961I1 of \V Ion. It has communication with C'luiRianaux Lake, on the eadward, \vlii< \\ lends its waters to James B.iy. 'I'his lake by tlie Indians is called AlLbiiiifi,w grcil water ; is faid to be 600 leagues in circunilercnce, and ccmtatns ibmany ill.tnds that it is fic- qiiently called the lake of illands. Ac- cording to I'ather Charlevoix, Bourbon river takes its rile from this lake. Ajfinols, a nation of Indians inhabiting the forells of Cai' ida. AJfiimpt'tonyVtW cpifc?opal city, in the prov- ince of Paraguay, in the E diviiion of Far- apuay or La I'lata in S. America. It flandt on the eaflern bank of a river of Its name, a little above the place where the I'icol- maga falls into it ; having Villa Rica on the N and La Plata on the S, and is nearer the fouthcrn, than the Pacific ocean ; but not far from the middle of that part of the continent. It was built by the Spaniard^ in 1538, and is reniarkable for its healthy iituation, as well as for the number of it» inhabit.ants, and tlie rich and fruitful ter- ritory in which it ftands ; which produces a great variety of native and exotic fruits, in the highcfl pcrfctTlion. Here arc feve- ral hundred Spanlllx families, ilelcendants of the flower of tlie gentry, who fettled in this place ; while the drc;»s of their coun- trymen removed to t;tlier parts. There are likewife a ninnbcr of Mehi.Tos and Mulattoes. The city lies about 50 league* above the conHucnce of the Parnn^uaj and Parana, where the former begins to he called the River de la Plata. Near the city is a lake, noted tor having in the mid- dle of it a rock, which flioots up to a pro- digious hei;^ht like an obelilk. Lat. 20 t^ Ion. 5 7 40 W. AJlch'ikoiirJ^i., a va(l like in New Erii.-.in, abounding \;\\X\ whales, and fuppofed lo cominunicale with the Northern Sea. Afj!..:::, a pcft town in Luzerne co. Pennfvlvauia, '^A. Ml ^'i! m ml i'f 13 ATH Pwnfylrania, 350 miles from Wafliington. Atacama, or Attacama, a town, harbour, province, and jurifdi<5lit)n in Peru in S. A- luerica, I40 leagues from 1 -a Plata ; fertile, and remarkable for the iiHi calL-d Tolo, \ Ith which it carries on a great trade with the inland provinces. This province di- vides th€ kingdom of Piiru from that of Chili, There is a great delert of tlie fame name, and a chain of mountaine ^yhich fep- arate Peru on the N from the province of Quito. On thefe mountains the coid is fo ■violent,that pafTengers are Ibinetimes froz- «n to death. Lat. zz S, Ion So 20 W. Atch'r Koiintpi, a lake in Labrador, which fends itf waters foutherly into St. Law- rence R. through a connefled chain of imall lakes. Athapiifcotv Ixile^ a large piece of water in N.America. Its fouthern end is about lat. 60 .^o N, its northweft part is about lat. 64 N. It extends from Ion. 119 to 531 W. It I'ei fomewhat in the form of a crefcent, the concave part being to the N. The Indians fay the lake is \ 20 leagues from E to W, and ao from N to S. It has plenty of fifli, and niauv iflands covered with pine, birch and poplar trees, inhab- ited by Indian deer. The Athapufcow Indians refide in this vicinity, in the moft forlorn paganifm. They are entirely def- titute of that benevolent and pure moral- ity taught in th" bible. They cohabit with their own f...ers, daughters and mo- thers. After living in this flate with their daughters they refign them up to their fons. Hearne. Ath.: '^itfcoit', a river which enters the above lake from the S. It is a large Ilream, 3 miles wide. Athens, a townfliip in Windham ccVer? mont, 31 miles N E from Bennington, and about 6 W from Connecticut R. having 450 inhabitants. Sextons R. which rifes in Londonderry, pafTes S E by Athens in- to the townlhip of Welhninfter toConn.R, Athfiis, a port town in Luzerne co. Pcnufylvania, 3,50 miles from Wafliington. Athens, a pod town in Clark co. Georgia, 664 miles from Wafliington. Aihol, a poft town in Worcefler co. Ma.lachufetts, with 993 inhabitants, 35 miles N W from Worceftcr, and 80 from Bofton. A medicinal fpring famed for its many v>rtues, iffues out of a High bank on ^lillcr's River, 20 feet above the furface of I lie river. Atiii'fr.ti, a tov.rn{hip in Rockin-Oiam co. K. Unmpfliirc, incorporated in 1767, 474 iiihabit,int«. It is 30 miles from Portf- moiuh, and has an academy \vl'.!ch wss AUG founded in 1789, by the Hotj. N. Peabody^' who endowed it with 1000 acres of land. In this townfliip is a large meadow where-? in is an iiiand of 6 or 7 acres, which was formerly loaded with valuable pine timber and other foreft wood. When the meadow is overflowed, i)y means of an artificial daiii, this ifland rifes with the water, which is fometimes 6 feet. In a pond in the mid- dle of the illand, there have been filh, whicii.when the meadow has been over- flowed Lave appeared there, when the water ha;i been drawn ofF, and the ifland fettled to if s ufual place. The pond is novr ahnod covered with verdure. In it a pole 50 feet long has difappeared, without finding bottom Atoyaque, a deep and larg«' river in Mex- ico, or New Spaia. On it is the famoui natural bridge, called Ponti di Dw, 100 miles S E of Mexico, pvey which carriagcv conveniently pafs Atrato, a confiderable river which run* into the Gulf of Mexico, near Carthagcna. Atfioii, a poft town in Burlingtoaco. N Jerfey, 1 75 miles from Wafliington. Aitldorouc-h, a poft town in Briftol ca. MaO'a. 36 miles foutherly of Bofton, and 9 N of Providence, containing 2480 fouls. Attvood's Key, a fmall ifland furrounded, by rocks, 12 miles N E from Crooked I. and 50 eaftward from Yuma, or Long I. one of the Bahamas. N lat. 23 28, W. Ion. 73. Angiijla, a poft and iliire town in Ken-, aebec co. Maine. It has a congregational meeting ho^fe, court houfc and gaol, and is pleafontly lituatcd on each fide the Ken-: nebcc. A noble bridge connev?' the 2 part* of the town. It is the head of navigation. Augi^a Co. in Virginia, is divided from Albemarle and Amherft by the Blue Ridge. It has Rockingliam on the N E and Rockbridge on the S W. '1 he foil it. fertile. It has 9756 free inhabitants, and i946iJav^s. It is a hilly CO. The inhab- itants cultivat£ wheat, oats, rye, corn, flax ajd hemp. Chief town, Staunton. Av^vfa, a poft town, lituatcd on a fine plain in Richmond co. Georgia, on the S W bank of Savannah R. where it is near 500 yards broad, at thp bend of the river, 127 niileo N W from Savannah by land, 540 by water. It contains 1198 white people, ^nd 1017 flaves. It is 596 miles from Wafliington. At the firft fettlement of the colony. Gen. Oglethorpe eredled a fort hero, for protvclir.^ the Indian trade, and holding treaties with the natives. In 1739, about <>oo people feparated thcm- felves from the lUiiritime fettlements, and removed to its neighbourhood w carry on a peltiy ill AUR A XA 3 peltry trade with the Indians. The conn- try round it has an excellent foil, which, withit8centrairituation,bet-vveentheiipper and lower countries, will bring it fait into importance. It contains about 250 dwell- ings. The public buildings are a church, ail academy and governmeut houfe, a market houCs, gaol and court houfe. The ftreets crofs each otiicr at right an'/les. In the academy are generally 80 or 90 Audcnts ; the funds amount to feveral thoufand dollars. A bridge acrofs the Savanna here is 19 feet wide, 7 or 800 feet long. It is a place of confiderable trade. M lat. 3;? 19, W Ion. 80 46. Au^iijlinei, St. a port and river on the coaft of I^abrador, near the ftraits of Bell- i(le and oppofite St. John's Bay,Newfound- land. Tliere are two fmall idands in the harbour, and about 1 miles S W runs a chain of little iflands, called St. Auvufline'i Chain ; the outermoll of which i» a re- markable fmooth rock. It is about 25 miles from Great Mecatlna I. N lat. jt 10, W Ion. 58 50. Awriijiincs Hquare, St. a number of fmail Iflands on the coaft of I^abrador, in the gulf of St. Lawrence, the largeft of which are from Shecatica Bay on the N E to Out- er I, S W, viz. Large, Sandy, and Outer iflands Thefe are near the mouth of the St. Lawrence. Augiiflins, St. the capital of E Florida, is fituated on the fca coaft, about 80 leagues from the mouth of the gulf of Florida, 1 So miles E from St. Mark's, and 316 S VV from Charlefton in S. Carolina. It is of an oblong figure, and interfedkcd by 4 ftreets, wliich cut each other at right angles. I'he town is fortified, has been imder difterent mafters, and now belongs to Spain. It has a church and mcmaftery of the ordei- of its name. The breakers at the entrance of the harbour have formed two channels, trhofe bars have 8 feet water each. N lat. 30, W Ion. 81 io. Au^ujline, Cape St. on the coaft of Brazil, •n the Atlantic Ocean, 300 miles N E from the bay of All Souls, lat. 8 30 S,lon. 3S 40, W. Aiirean Academy, in Amherft, N. Hamp- fliire. Aurel'tus, a poft town in N. York, Cayu- ga CO. on Owafco I4, 9 miles E of the ferry on Cayuaga L. 33 ii inhabitants, 448 miles from Wafliington. Aurora, an idand belonging to the Ar- chipelago of the Great Cyclades, x ? 8 S lat. and 165 58 E Ion. from Paris, difcov- tf«d by Bouga.nville, May sad, 1768. It ||i<; about ^o Icagiies long aad a broii^.' I Its caftcrn lliore is ftet'p, and covered with wood. Lat. 44 54 N, Ion. 168 24 E. Aiinrn-v'ilh, a poft town in Wythe co. Virginia, 3()6 miles from Wafliington. A-va'r.n, a peninl'ula at the S E corner oftheifiand of Newfoundland, which if ; joined to the illand by a narrow neck of land, tiiat has Pl.KCutia 2ay on the S and Trinity Bay on the N. "I'lie E part of this pcninfula is encompafteJ by the Great Bank, and has, befide the two for- mer bays, the bay of Conception on the N. and the bay of St. Mary's and Trepaf- fy bay on the S. It contains feveral ex- cellent harbours, bays and capes, among, which are St. Mail's, Pme, Raci, Bal- lard, St. Franci.s, fic. A-uaiicay, a jurifdiAion fubjccT: to thtf bifliop of Gufco, and lies 4 leagues N C of that city. It abounds in fugar cancsy fruits and corn. Aiieril, a townfliip in Eflcx co. Vcr* moT(t, near the N E corner of the State ; its N corner is on the Canada line. Ai'i-ry's bnrn\ a poft town in Cumberland CO. N. Carolin.i, on the E bank of Cape Kear river, above Fayetville, 329 mile* from Wafliington. Ai'fs, or B'ir,Vs Ijhiid, in the '^eft Indies, fituated in N lat. 15 30, W Ion. 63 i.v named fo from the great number of bird'* that breed there, yet is without a tree, which obliges them to lay their eggs in the land. A flioal runi hence to the iflandg of Saba, St. Euftati"i, and St. Chriftophers ; which is about a leagues broad, and from 10 to ao fathom foundings. It has a gooj harbour for careening vcirsls. There i» another ifland of this name, anumg thff Little Antilles, between the coaft of Su jago de Letm, in Terra Firma, and tlir illand ol" Bonaive, and a third near tlui eaftern coaft of NeAvfoundland, lat. 50 5 N. Ai'iufi la Pcnen, a town in the Wfftcru part of the kingdom of Leon, in N. Ame- rica, between two of the head branches o£ NafHis River. Arnni a river of Nova Scotia, wln'.ft empties into the Atlanti: Ocean a Mttlir caftward of Halifax. It is navigable at far as Fort lidv.-.ird for veflels of 40c ton?, and for vefTels of 60 tons z miles h-^'htr. A river called St. Croix runs into the .A.- von,whofe fcmrce is in lakes and iprings, about 7 miles fniin itrt entrance, where it is crofTcd by a bridge on the road lcand- £ng place from the city of Guayiujiiill. Here the merchandil'e from Peru and Terra Firma, and their refneiSbive prov- inces, are landed. BuLnpns, a town in the interior parts of New Albion, caftward of the long range of moimtains which extend northward from the liead of the poninfulaof Califor- ni.-u N lat 37 45, \V ion. 114 25. B.nk Rivrr. See Baltimore Counts'. Btieza, the chief town of the diftri(5l of Qiiixos, in the province of Quito, in Peru, and the refidcnce of the governor. It was built in 1559 by Don Rameiro d'Avilos. The chief manufa<£l:ure here is cotton cloth. Bjffi''''fBi7y,K the largeft and nioft north- ern gulf, or bay, that has yet been difcov- cred in N yXmcrica ; and lies between the 70th and 80th degrees of N lat. It opens into the Atlantic ocean through Ballin's and Davis's flraits, between Cape Chldlev on the Labrador coaft.and Cape Farewell on that of Weil Greenland; both of which are in about the 60th degree of N lat. It abounds with whales; and on the S W lide of Davis's ftraits h.as a communication with Hudi'on's Bav, througii a clufter of illands. It was difcovered by the naviga- tor whofe name it bears, in the year i66i. Some maps fbew a conimnnication with Hudfon's Bay, in the 70th degree of N lat. and in the 70th of W" Ion. Bi7tr.it/uce Point, a head land within Pc- ■obicnt Bay, in Maine. BAH B.7/j.j.-!ij Clanticl. Sec Gu!/ if Florida an face. Thefe fubterraneous pafTages liave given rife to the name, Siniing Spring Val- ley. Of thcfe the moft remarkable is callv ed the Arch Springs, and ran dofe upon the road from the town to the fort. It is a deep hoUow, formed in the limeftone rock, about 30 feet wide, with a rude nat- ural ftone arch hanging over it, forming a paflage for the w ater, which it throws out with fome degree of violence, and in fuch plenty as to form a fine ftream, which at length buries itfelf again in the bowels of the earth. Some of thefe pits are near 300 feet deep; the water at the bottom feems in rapid motion ; and is apparently 18 black as ink ; though it is as pure .as the fmeft fprings can produce. Many of t'.iefe pits ;u:e placed along the courfe of this fubterraneous river, which foon after fakes an opportunity of an opening at a declivity of the ground, and keeps along fhe furface among the rocky hills for a e V rods, then enters the mouth of a large cave, whofe exterior aperture would be fufEcient BAL B AL fudiclcnt to admit a fliallop with her fa\ls full fpread. In the infide it keeps from i8 to ao feet wide. The roof declines as you advance, and a ledge of loofe, rug- ged rocksi keeps in tolerable order, on one fide, affording means to fcramble along. In the midft of this cave is much timber bodies of trees, branches, &c. which be- ing lodged up to the roof of this palTage, /hews that the water is fwellcd up to the very top duriag frcfliets. This opening in the hill continues about 400 yards, when the cave widens, after you have got round a fudden turning (which prevents its being difcovcred till you are within it) into a fpacious. room, at the bottom of which is a vortex, the water that falls in- to it whirling round with amazing force; flicks, or even pieces of timber, are imme- diately abforbed, and carried out of fight, the water boiling up with exceHive vio- lence, which fubfides by degrees, until the experiment is renewed. From the top of the Bald. Eagle Mountains is a fine prof- pedk of the Alleghany.ftrotching ;dong un- til they- feem to meet the clouds. Much flate is found here, with ftrong figns of pit coal. Such as viiit thefe parts muft crofs thejuniatta river 3 or 4 tiines, from Stand- ing Stone or Huntington, to the fort ; from which it is computed to.be about 2;i miles difiance. Bald Mountahu. See 'Tenejfee, Bald Head, at the mouth of Cape Fear River, N. Carolina, is at the S W end of Smith's I. and with Oak I. forms the main entrance into the river. The light houfe, which was eredted here in Dec. 1794, bears 4 miles N N W from the point of Cape Fear, and 24 miles N W by N, from the extremity of the Frying Pan (hoals. Bald Head makes the S W part of what is called Wells Bay, in the DiftriA of Maine. Between Cape Neddick harbour on the S S W, and Wells Bay are feveral coves, where fmall veflels in a fmooth time, apd with a wefterly wind, haul afhore, an4 arc loaded with wood in the courfe of a tide, with eafe and fafety. Baldivia, Or fa/dhia, a feaport town in tlie province of Chili Proper, in the king- dom of Chili, S. Americ:^. It was built by tlie Spanifli General Baldivia, about the year 1551, and (lands between the rivers Callacalles and Portero, where they fall into the S. Sea.' In the year 1559, the Chilefe chafed the Spaniards from this fcttlement, burned the town, and. put the inhabitants to the fvvord ; pouring melted gold down the governor 'a throat when alive, and afterwards ufed his (kull for a cup to drink in. There are many gold mines here, and the Spaniards have foxtif Red the place ftrongly, as it is fuppofcd to be the key of the S. i>eas. The v, hitcs of Peru and Chili, banished for their crime*, are fent hither to fupport the fortifica- tions. The Dutch made themfclves maf- ters of it in 1643 ; but were forced to a- bandon it, leaving all their cannon, 30 or 40 pieces, b.iggage and Aorcs ; on advice that fuccours were arriving to oppofe them from Peru. The viceroy fend» 30,000 crowns a year, to fupport the gar- rifon. There are great rains here during 3 months of the year. Slat. 3a 38, W ion. 73 lo. Baldivia is alfo the name of a river in Chili. Bidizt, Old and Neiv, 10.5 miles below New Orleans, were formerly inconfidera- blc pofls, at the mouths of the Miflifippi, with 3 or 4 cannon in each, and garriion- ed by a fubaltern's command. They ap- pear to have been eftabliflied for the pur- pofes of aflifting veflels, coming into the river, and forwarding intt^.igence to New Orleans. They are fo fituated as not to defend the entrance into the river, not be- ing fufficiently near its deeped channel. With a fair wind the voyage from the Balize to New Orleans 105 miles, is per- formed in 3 or 4 days, commonly in,? or 8 days. Eutehint. Ballfze, Baltlze, or Wallh, z. river in the peninfula of Yucatan, New Spain, which runs northeaderly above 200 miles, and empties into the bay of Honduras, oppo- fite the N.end of TumefT^ Itfend. Bv the treaty of peace iii 1783, it is agreed that Britiih fubjedls fhall have theright of cut- ting and carrj'ing away logwood in the diftrift lying between this river and t^it of Rio Honde,onthe N, which fall? . .0 Hanover Bay* The courfe of the river* . are to be the unalterable boundaries. Balltown, a port town in Saratoga c6. N. York, and has 2099 inhabitants. It lie» 27 miles N N W of Albany, has a Prelby- terian meeting houfe, and is in a thriving ftate ; 428 miles from Wafliington. The medicinal waters called Ballto-wn Springs, from their being found within the limits ^ of tliis town, are of great celebrity, both on account of their healing virtue, and the fuperior accommodations found near them for valetudinarians. They are fitu- • ated about 12 miles W of Still W.iter ; 14 from that part of the banks of the Hud- fon famous for the vidory of Gen. Gates - over Cen.Burgoyne ; 30 N of Albany ; 30 So£ ill! m m i'i 't\ BAL B AL J ■iili ill S of Lake George, and 190 above the citjr of N. York. T-ie fprings are found in the bottom of a valloy, or excavation, forming a kind of bafon of about 50 acres in extent. The woods are pretty well cleared near the fprings. There are feve- ral large houles for entertainment, with neat bathing houfes, and fliower baths for the convenience of invalids. The largeft fpring belongs to the public. Sir William Johnlon made this obfervation, when he fold this tra ufed in the neighbourhood of the fprings, inftead of yeaft in rr.aking bread ; and makes it rife more fpeedily and eftedtual- ly th.m any oiher ferment in ordinary ufe. Horfes drink thefe waters with avidity. The ignorant country people fee, with af- tonifhmcnt, that a candle will not burn near the furface of thefe waters. Fifli and frog^ are killed in a few minutes, and js, including 9673 (laves. Its cliief town is Baltimore. Baltimore, a poft town in the above coun- ty, and the largeft in the ftate of Mary- land. It is larger than Bofton. It is lituated on the N fide of Patapfco R. at a fmall diftance from its juniSlion with the Chefapeak. The entrance of the harbour is defended by Whetftone Fort ; hardly a piftol Ihot acrofs, and of courle may eall- ly be defended againft naval force. From the head of Elk R. at the head of the bay to Baltimore, is about 60 miles. The town is built around what is called the bafon, reckoned one of the fineft harbours in America. The water rifcs 5 or 6 feet at common tides. It is divided into what is called the town and Fell's Point, by a creek ; over which are two bridges : but the boufes extend, in an irregular manner, from the one to the other. At Fell's Point the water is deep enough for fliip^ of burden, but fmall veflels only go up to the town. The fituation is low, and »vas formerly thought unhealthy, but, by its rapid increafe, improvements have taken place, which have corre837 tons. 'I'hc exports in 1790 a- mouoted to 2,027,770, and the imports to i>945>899 dollars. In 1798 the exports exceeded iz,ooo,ooo dollars. Ihe aflfalrs of the town are managed by a board of town commillioners, a board of fpcciat commiffioners, and « board of ward- ens ; the firft board fills its own vacancies, and is perpetual ; the two laft are appoint- ed by electors, chofcn every 5th year by the citizens. It is 53 miles S W from Elk- town, 176 N E from Richmond in Vir- ginia ; 43 N E from the city of Wjifhing- ton, and 103 S W from Philadelphia. M lat. 39 ai, Wlon. 77 48. Bangor, a poft town in Hancock co. Maine, on the weftern fide of Penobfcot R. 37 miles northerly from Caftine and 47 northeafterly fromlortPoint at the mouth of the river. This town is at the head of navigation ; veflels of 200 tons may come up to it. The harbour is called Kcnduf- keag at the mouth of the river of that name, which is the principal place of trade on the river. Here are a number of hand- fome houfes. It promifes to be a place of confequence. Banks, Port, a harbour, on the N W coaft of America, S eaftcrly from Cape Edge- combe, and N wefterly from Sea Otter Sound. Bann, a townfhip in York co. Pennfyl- vania. Baraena, a feaport town in the N E part of the illand of Cuba, in the W. Inclies; 50 miles N E of St. Jago de Cuba. N lat. 21, W Ion. 76 10. Baraqukimilo, a town in Terra Firma, S. America, in the province of Caracas, and in the head waters of Oroouoco R. about 80 miles S from Valencia, and 1 75 N W from Calabeza. N lat. 8 $$, W Ion. 66 ^$. BarbaHaes, one of the Caribbee iflands, belonging to Britain, and next to Jamaica for importance in the W. Indies. It is a- bout 21 miles in length from High Point, its northern extremity, to South Point ; and 14 in breadth, from the Ch.nir near Kitridge Bay E to Valiant Royalift Fcrt, W, and contains 106,470 acres of land, moll of wluch is under cultivation. It licit 30 ill '';'.-J m m i BAR BAR .;!: •0 leagues fi from St. Vincent, which may be feen in a clear day ; zj from St. Lucia . 48 S £ from Martinico ; 60 N F. from Trinidad, and 100 S £ from St. Chrifto- pfaer't. It is divided into 5 diftridls, and X I pariflies ; and contains 4 towns, viz. Bridgetown, the capital t Oftins, or Chanellown ; St. James, formerly called the Hole ; and Speights Town, The names of the pariHies are St. Lucy's, St. Peter's, St. James's, St Andrew's, St. Thomas's, St. Jofeph's, St. John's, St. George's, St. Mich- ael's, St. Philip's, and Chrilt Church. Its foil raufl be allowed to be highly fertile, if it be true, that it contained in 1670, 50,000 whites, and loo^ooo blacks i whofe la- bours employed 60,000 tons of fliipping. This is thought to be exaggerated ; but it is certain that its population has decreaf- ed rapidly. In 1780 the numbers were 36,167 whites ; 838 free people of color, and 6a,iij negroes, The exports, on an. average, of 1784, 1785, and 17 86, had fallen to 9,554 hhds. of fugar ; 5448 pun- cheons of rum ; 6310 bags of ginger ; 833 x bags of cotton, exclufive of fmall articles, as aloes, fweet meats, &c. In the year ending the Jth of Jan. 1788, 443 veflels cleared outwards ; and the London mar- ket price of their cargoes in fieri, money, amounted to >£539,6o5-i4-io; of which the value exported to the United States, was ;C43,ai 7-13-4. That the dreadful iucceflton of hurricanes, with which this and the other W. Indi& iflands have been vifited, for many years paft, has contrib- uted to this great d 'ideation, cannot be doubted. Bridgetown was fcarcely rifea from the afhes te which two dreadful iires had reduced it, when it was torn from its foundations, and the whole country made a fcene of defolation, by the ftorm of the xoth of Odl. 1 780, in which no lefs than 4326 o.' the inhabitants, blacks and whites, miferably perlflied ; and the dam- age done to property was computed at £i,3»o,564«i5.fterl. The force of the wind was at one place fo great as to lift fome pieces of cannon, with their carri- ages, feveral paces from the ramparts. The trade of this, and fome others of the iflands, fuffers confiderably by a duty of 4i per cent, on exported produce ; out of which, however, the governor's falary, j([20CO a year, is paid- I'he crown ac- quired this revenue in the reign of Charles II. which the planters agreed to, in order to fecure pofTeflions to which they had uncertain titles. Barbadoes was probably difcovered £rft by the Ponuguefe. It is y ufually ranked among the windward di* viiion of the Caribbces, being a day or two's fail from Surinam. From its being the firll difcovered of any of thefe idands, it is called Mother of the Sugar Coloniei.— The Hrft of the Englifh who are known to have landed here, were the crew of the Olive Blojfom, fitted out by Sir Olive Leigh, in 1605. It was found abfolutely dei'o- late ; nor had it the appearance of hav-. ing been peopled even by the ipoll bar- barous Indians. The ifland is fortified by nature, all along the windward fhore, by rocks and fhoaU, fo as to be almoll inac- cefllble ; on the leeward fide it has good harbours ; but the whole coaft is protedled, by a good line, of fcveral miles in length, and feveral forts to defend it, at the moft maiterial places. The military, civil, and religious eflablifhinents are well provided for. Here is a college founded by CoL Codrington ; the only inflitution of th^ kind in the W. Indies ; but it has not an- fwered the intention of the founder. The houfes of ^e planters are irery thickly fown all along the country, which, with the luxo uriant produiStions of the foil, and the gently fwelling hills, form a delightful fcene. The earlied planters of Barbadoes., were fometimcs reproached with the guilt of forcing or decoying into flavery, the Indians of the ueigliboring continent. The hilloiry olJnkle and IdWfo, which the Spedtator has recorded for the deteftation, of mankind, took its rife in this ifl- and ; but happily this fpecies of flavery was foon aboliflied. The Barbadues tar, is a particular produdUon of this iiland. U rii'es out of the earth, and fwims on, the furface of the water. It is of great ufe in the drybellyache, and in difeafes of the breaft The capital, Bridgetown, lies, in N lat. 13 10, W Ion. 59.. Barbara, St. an ifland on the coafl of Bra-. ziL Alfo the chief town of New Bifcay. Barbe, St. a town in New Bifcay, in the vicinity of which are very rich filver mines. It lies 500 miles N W of tJie city of Mexico. N lat. 16 ic, W Ion. iio 5. Barbuda, or Barbotitbet, one of the Carib-. bee iflands, m miles N of Antigua, and S3 N £ of St. Cbriflopher's, and is 20 miles,^ long and 12 broad. The natives apply themfelyes, chiefly to the breeding of cat- tle, and furuiflung the neighbouring ifl- ands with provifions. It is fertile, abound- ing in the natural produdkions of the other W. India iflands ; and has a good road for {hipping, but no diredt trade to Britain. It belongs to the Codriogtoo family, to whom BAR BAR tirhom It prepuces above £5^^ a year. The inhabitants amount to about 1500. V lat. 18 30, W loa. 61 50. Bariut, Riviere a la, entpties into Lake Michigan, from £ S £ between Railin and Marame rivers. lu mouth 60 yards wide, is 73 miles N by W from Fort St. Jofeph. iUfo, the name of a river which empties into Lake Erie, from the N £ 40 miles W N W from the extremity of Long Point in that lake, and aa E by S from Tonty R. BarefieUs, a pod town in Liberty co. S. Carolina, 414 miles from Wafhington. BariaJarei, the name of a part of the Logwood Country, on the £ fide of the peninfula of Yucatan, through which the river Balize runs into the Sea of Honduras. It has Hicks Keys on the S, and South La- goon on the N. Lat 1 7 45 N, Ion. 89 W. BariiflmJleaJ, a town in the northern part of Connedlicut, Utcbiield co. having Hartland on the N, and Granby £. About as miles W of Hartford, and ao N E of Litchfield. Barnard,a town in Windfor co. Vermont, ;)bout ao miles N W of Windfor. It has 1336 inhabitants. Bariutrdjlon, a townfliip of MaiTachu- fetts, Hampfliire co. on the W bank of Connedticut river, adjotuing Northfield, 94 miles N W of Bofion, containing 780 inhabitants. BarnavelJt, an ifland of S. America, to the S of Terra del Fuego, difcovered in 1616. S lat. ss 49> ^ It'll. 66 58. Barnegat Inlet, called in fbme maps, Ne^< Inlet, is the pafTage from the fea into Flat Bay Sound, on the S eaftern coad of New Jerfey, 68 miles N £ from Cape May. N lat. 39 471^ W Ion. 74 13. Bar- negat Beach lies below this Inlet, between it and Little Egg Harbour, 16 miles dif- tant, S W. Sarnegat, the name of a fmatl village of S or 10 houfes, on the ead bank of Hud- ibn river, 5 mil^ S of Poughkcepfie, and 75 N of N. York. The bufinefc of the few inhabitants of this place, is burning lime, from the vaft quantities of lime- f^one which are found here. Their lime is marketed in N. York, whither they carry it in great quantities annually. Barnet, s pod town, in Caledonia cow Vermont, 15 miles N of Newbury, hav- ing 85S inhabitants who are emigrants from Scotland, and their defcendants. They have a prefbyterian miniller and adhere very ftridly to the forms of the church of Scotland. The lower bar of the 15 mile fallii, in CotwetSticut R. is flt- uated at the N E comer of this towndiipii Into that river it fends Stephens R. whicll rifes in Peacham, the adjoining town on the W. BamJlaUe Co. lies upon the ptninfula* the point of which is Cape Cod, the 3 ealhvard point of MalTachufetts Bay, op« pofite Cape Ann. Cape Cod lies in N Lat. 4a At W Ion. from Greenwich 70 14, and gives name to the whole penin- fula, which is furrounded by witter on all fides, except the W, where it is bound- ed by Plymouth co. It is 65 miles long, as the road runs, from the ifthmus between Barnftable and Buzzard's Bays to Race Point ; and iu breadth for 30 miles not more than 3, and above half the remain" der from 6 to 9 miles. It contains i x townflijps and the plantation of Marfli- pee ; having 19,193 inhabitants. Barn- (lable was made a ilure m i6iS' Seo Cape Cod, SarnJIabU, the Mattacherfe, or Mattachtf fit of tiie ancient Indians, is a port of en- try and poft town, and the (hire town of Barnftable co. It extends acrofs the pen- infula, and is waflied by the fea on the N and S, having Sandwich, and the dillri(ft called Marfhpee, on the W is about 5 miles broad, and 9 long; 7a miles S eafl- erly from Bofton. Sandy Neck on the N more, runs £ almofl the length of the town, and forms the harbour, embofom- ing a large body of fait marfli. The har- bour is about a mile wide, and 4 long ; in which the tide rifes from 8 to 14 feet. It has a bar running off N £ from the Neck feveral miles, which prevents the entrance of large (hips ; but finall vefleh may pafsany part of it at high water ; and where it is commonly crofied, it feidom has lefs than 6 or 7 feet at low water. I'here is another harbour on the S called Lewit*j Bay. Its entrance is within Barn- ftable, and it extends ahnoft a miles into Yarmouth. It is commodious and fafe, and is complet^y land locked ; and has 5 feet water at a middling tide. A mile or two to the wellward; and near the en- trance of Lewis's Bay, lies Hyanis Road. It is formed principally by an ifland, joloed by a beach to Yarmouth, which together, make the outfide of the bay be- fore mentioned. The S head of this ifl- and is called Point Gammon. Oyllcr Bay, near the S W limit of the town, ad- mits fmall velTels ; and which, with Lew- is's Bay, has in years pad produced excel- lent oyflers, in great quantities ; though they are now much reduced. There are aoout I \ I ,. ;! I>5|5'^il UAH ^out »o or 30 ponds in BarnRable. The hmd on the N fide produces from 15 to a.f bulhcU of Indian corn to an acre, and rye and other grain in proportion. Wheat and flax are cultivated ; the latter with fticccfii. From la to 18,000 bufhelt of onions are raifed and fent chiefly to Bof> tun market. Upwards of 160 men are employed in the iifliery, which is yearly incre:iiing. Whales feldom come into ^Mafl'achufetts Bay now, and that iifliery ii dilcontinued. No quarrels with the ancient natives of the country are record- ed in the accounts of this town. The people, 4964 in number, are generally healthy ; and many inftances of longevity are to be met with. Numbers of the iarme.s are occafionally Teamen ; and tlus town has afforded, and continues to furnilli many mafler^ of veflels and mar* incrs who fail from other ports. N lat. BarnpeaJ, a townfliip m Stranord co>N. Hampfliire, 31 miles N W of Portfnlouth. Barrtf a poll town in Worcefter co. Maflachufetts, containing 1937 inhabit- ants ; t4 miles N W of Worcefter, and 66 W of Bofton, deriving its name from Col. Barre, a Britifli fenator, who, on the eve of the late war» plead the caufe of America, in the Britifli houfe of commons, Xi\t\\ great, but unfuccefsful energy. This town has good paftures, and here are fat- ted multitudes of cattle ; and it is fiippof- «d, more butter and cheefe is carried hence to the market, annually, than from Any other town of the fame fize in the State. Barre, a towndiip in Huntingdon co. Pennfylvania. Barre-, a poft town in Orange co. Ver- mont, has 919 inhabitants, and is about 15 miles N W of Nevvbury, and 591 from Wafliington. Barren's Sound, on the N W Cbaft of America, called by the natives Conget hoi tni, is fituated about A leagues from the jbuthem extremity of Wafliington, or Charlotte iflands, in a N W diretflion, about N lat. ja, W Ion. 131 from Green- wich. It has two inlets ; one on the E, the other on the W fide of tlie ifland ; the latter is the beft, the other is danger- ous. The fliores are of a craggy black rock ; the banks lined with trees of va- rious kinds, as pines, fpruce, hemlock, ai- rier, &c. Mr. Hofkins, in the fummer of 1 79 1, meafured one of thefe trees, which was ten fathoms in circumference. On one fide of it a hole had been cut, large enough BAR to admit a man ; within was a rpacloui and convenient room, which had appa- rently been dug and burnt out with much labour. Mr. Hulkins concluded that it muft have been occafionally inhabited by the natives; as he found in it a box, fire- works, dried wood, and feveral dotneftie utenfils. This found was named after Jofcph Barrell, Efq. of CharlcftoWn, (Majf.)ixid was firft vifited by Capt. Gray, in the Wafliington, in 1789. Barren Creek, rifes in the N W corner of Delaware (late, runs about 9 miles S wcfterly, and empties into Nanticoke R. Barren R. Both Big and Little Barren rivers, are S E branches of Green R. in Kentucky. Blue Sfrhig lies between thefe rivers, wnich fee. Barren I. a fmall ifle in Chefapeak Bay, N £ from the mouth of Patuxent R. Barren, a co. of Kentucky, containing 4784 people, 505 of whom are flaves. Barren IJlands, at the entrance of Cook's river on the N W coall of America. Barnivtll,i. Diftri<£fc of Carolina. contain- ing 7376 inhabitants, of whom 1690 are flaves. Barrtijio^vn, in Lincoln co. Maine, hav- ing 425 inhabitants. Barrington, a town in Queens co. Nova Scotia,on the S fide of the Bay of Fundy ; fettled by Quakers from Nantucket. Barrington, a town in StraflTord co. N. Hampfliire, about 30 miles N W from Portfmouth, incorporated in 1712, con- taining 2773 inhabitants. AUum is found here ; and the firft ridge of the Frojl Hills, one of the three inferior fum- mits of Agam6nticus,is continued through this town. Its fituation is very healthy ; e g.14 of the firft fettlers in 173 a, were alive in 1785, who were between 80 and 90 years old. Barrington, a townfliip in Briftol co. Rhode Ifland, on Warren R. 3 miles N W of Warren, and about 7 S E from Prov- idence. It contains 650 inhabitants. Barrington, Gred', is the fecond townfhip in rank in Berkfliire co. Maflachufetts. It contains 1754 inhabitants, ahd lies 140 miles W from Bofton, ahd fouth of Stock- bridge, adjoining. Biirroiv Harbour, is an extenfive bay in that of Bcnavifta, Newfoundland. Bart, a port on the fouthern coaft of Nova Scotia. Bart a townfliip in Lancafter co. Penn- fylvania. Bartholomew, St. a parifli in Charlefton diilrivith woods. The trees mofl in efteem are, k. The foap tree, or aloes tree. a. The caltibackl ,-). The caiuq>ia, whofe giiiA is an excellent cathar- tic. 4. The parotane, whofe boughs grow downward, take root again, and form a kind of bulkwark and ftrong de- fence in time of attack. All along the fhore are thofe trees called Tea trees, trhofe bdughs are curioufly plaited to- gether, and look as if they were glazed. Here is an infinite variety of birds, and a 1)eculiar kind of limellone, which the inhabitants expoK to the adjacent iflands. They have likewife plenty of lignum vita and iron wood. Its fliores are dangerous, aftd the approaching them require! a good pilot ; but it has an excellent harbour, in which fliips of aAy fize are flieltered from all winds. Half its inhabitants are Irifh Roman Catholics, whofe predecef- fors fettled here in 1666; the others arc French, to whom the ifland lately belong- ed. It was ceded by France to tne crown of Sweden in 1785. They depend on the ikies for water, which they keep in cif- tcrns, there being no fprings in the idand. It was a neft for privateers when in the hands of the French ; and at one time had 50 Britifh prizes in its harbour. It has been increafing in improvements ever fince it came into the handsof the Swedes. During the late war between France and England, it had a great accelfion of in- habitants, of difTerent nations, from the other iflands, who have transferred their property here, built handfume houfes, and extend. ' the commerce of the ifland. N lat. 1 7 ^6, W Ion. 63 10. Barilei, a plantation in Grafton co. N. Hampfliire, having 548 inhabitants. Barton, a townfhip in Orleans co. Ver- mont, formerly in that of OriOge, lies S Vol. I. E W of Brownington ; 6 miles S W by V^ from Willoughhy Lake, and 140 N cud* erly from Bennington. Barton, a towniliip in Upper Canada* Lincoln co. W of 8altfleet, on Burlington Bay. Ba/lit Iff M'lnat, is a body of water of conuderable extent, and irregular form, fituated in Nova Scotia, at the £ end of the Bay of Fundy; and connected \vith its N £ branch by a Hinrt and narrow Urait. The coimtry on its banks is gen' erally a rich foil, and is watered by many final! rivers. The fpring tides rile her* 40 feet. Bajkcnr'tdge, a port town in Somcrfet co. N. Jcrfey, on the W fide of a N W branch of Paflaic R. nearly 6 miles N E fronf Pluckemin, and 7 S 8 W from Morrif- town. It was here that Col. Harcourt furprifed and made a prifoner of Gen. Lee, Dec. 13, 1776. Bofon Harbour, lies on the E fide of Lake Champlain, in the townfliip of Fer* Hfburgh, Vermont, 4^ miles S wcfterly from the mouth of Otter Creek. A poll ofHce is kept here, 524 miles from Wafli* ington. B(^e Terre, the chief town in the ifland of St. Chriftopher's, in the W. Indies, fitu- ated at the S E end of the I. It confifts of a long ftreet along the fea fliore ; is a place of condderable trade, the feat of government, and is defended by 3 bat- teries. N lat. 17 44, Wlon. 6a 36 56. This is alfo the name of a part of the I. of Gua- daloupe, in the W. Indies ; between a point of which called Grofle Morne, to that of Antigua in the Grande Terre, the bafon called the Great Cul de Sac, is s or 6 leagues in length ; wherein is fafe riding for fliips of all rates. Bass Harbour, Maine, a harbour of Mt. Defert Ifland, 7 miles from Soil Cove. Bafiimentot, fmall iflands, near the Ifth* mus of Darien, and fomewhat W of the Samballocs iflands, at the mouth of the bay of Nombre vie Dios, very near the ihorc Here admiral Hofier lay with a Britilh fquadron many years ago, when having loft many of his men, and his ftiipt being almoft rotten, in an inadti^^e ftate, he died of a broken heart. K lat. 9 30, W Ion. 79 45. Batabano, a town on the S fide of the ifland of Cuba, in the W. Indies ; fituated on the fide of a large bay, oppofite Pino* ifles, and about 50 miles S W from the Havannah. Batavia, a fettlcment in N. York, at the hea4 it I # M ll '" 111 ' BAT Ikead of Schoharie Creek, in the towndnp ef Freehold, between JO and 30 mile* W •f Cntdill. A \M(i oflice h kept here. Jiatl), a iwft town in I.incohi co. Maine, containing; ilij inhuhitant*. It lies on the W lide of Kcnnchcck R. about 1.^ miles from WifcalTct, 60 N K from Wnt- land, 38 from Hnliowcil. N lat. 43 49. HatL, a CO. of Virj^inia, about 60 inilen in length, and 50 in brijadth ; bounded E by the co. of Auj;;uflu It contaiun 4847 free inhabitaiitn, am! 66t ilavc*. It in noted for its medicin.tl ([iring^, called the Hot and Warm fprliigB, near the foot of Tackfon's Moimtiin. Sec nrginht. Here IS a poll oiBcc 227 m!le» froin^Waflting- ton. Sii!b, a thriving town in Berkley co. Virginia, fltuated at the foot of the Warm Spruie Mountai:i. The fprings in the neighbourhood of this town, although lef» eflicaciouf than t?ie Warm Springs in Bath CO. draw upwards (>f 1000 people here, during fummer, from various parts of the United States. The water is little more than milk warm, and weakly im- pregnated with minerals. The country in the environs is agreeably diverfified with hills and valleys ; the foil rich, and in good cultivation ; 2J miles from Mar- tinlbnrg, and 269 miles S W from Phila- delphia. Aiib, a port town in Grafton co. N. Hampshire, h.is 825 inhabitants, on the E bank of Conneclicut R. 35 miles N E by N from Dartmouth College, and 97 N W from Portfmoutii. BatL, or Port Bath, a port town in Hyde CO. N. Carolina, on the N lide of I'ar R. about 24 miles from Pamplico Sound, 61 S by W of Edenton.and is the port of entry on Tar R. It contains about 12 houl'os, and is rather declining. N lat. 35 31, W Ion. 77 15. Bath, a village in the eadcrn parifh of St. Thomas, in the I. of Jamaica, in tlve W. Indies. It has its rife and name from a famous hot fpring in its vicinity, faid to be hig!ily efficacious in curing the dry belly- ache. The water is fulphureous, and flows out of a n.cky mount.iin about a mile dillant, :.iid is too hot to admit a haiul being held in it. 5a/A, a village In the co. of Renflalaer, N. York, plea. lUtly fituated on the eafl bank of Hudfon river, nearly oppofite the city of Albany, at the head of floop navi- gation. A mineral fpring has been difcov- ared here, faid to polTcfs valuablcqualities ; aad a comioodiovu bathing lioufe ba« been BAY •retted, at a cnnrKlcrablo cxpcnfe, coi* taining hot, cold, and flatwcr baths. BiitL, a thriving po(t town in N. York» Steubvn co.and has 45 J inhabitants, on tha N bank of C'oiiho(!ton Creek, a northern headwater of Tioga R. 42 miles S E from M'illiamlburg, on Genclle R. i8 N W from the Painted Pod ; 120 from Niagara; 59 woflerly from Geneva, and 2ai W of Hudfon city. N lat. 42 15, W Ton. 77 10. Luittn Kill, a fmall ifver which rifcs in Vermont, and afier running N and N weft- crlv about 30 miles, falls into Hudfon, op- poute Saratoga. Baiile R. in New South Wales, r4in» N K into SaflcahawcnR. S E from Manchefter Houfc. Its courfe Is Hiort. Baitletowii a port town in Frederick co. Virginia, 79 miles from Waflu'ngton. Baxoj De Babiica. Sec Ahrojoi. Bay of Frrjb IVater, in the N part of th« Gulf of Mexico, lies S. of Afcenfion Bay.' N lat. 30, W Ion. 93. Biiyamo, a town in th-* caflcrn part of the Ill.md of Cuba, having tho town of Almo W, and St. Barbara on the S. It lie* on the E fide of Edcro k. about 20 miles from the fea. Bay ima Channel Jel, in the iiland of Cuba, runs between the numerous fmall iilands and rocks called Jardin j^e ia Reyna, on the N W, and the Iloals and rocks which Iin6 the coaft on the S H lide of it, from the bold point called Cubo de Cruz. This channel leads to the b:iy of Eflero, which receives two rivers ; the fouthern- mofl of whichleads tothe town of Bayamo. Bay of Fundy, wafhes the fliores of the Britifli provinces of New Brunfwick on the N, and Nova Scotia on the E and S. This bay is I2 leagues acrofs, from the Gut of Annapolis to St. John's. The tides are' very rapid in this bay, and rife at Annap- olis Balm about 30 feet ; at the Bafin of Minas, which may be termed the N arm of this bay, 40 feet ; and at the head of Chignedlo Channel, an arm of this bay, the fpring tides rife 60 feet. ^.ly de Roche ivoi/V.or NorthtvrJ} Bay,\{e% on the W fide of Lake Champlain, i* miles N of Crown Point. Bay rf IJlarJs, lies on the W fide of Newfoundland I. in the Gulf of St. Law- rence. This bay is very ext'cnfive, hav- 'iiig 3 arms, by which feveral rivers empty into it. It has feveral I (lands ; the chief of which are called Harbour, Pearl, and Tweed. The centre of the bay lies ia about 49 5 N lat. and 58 zj W Ion. from Greeuwick. % s * ^ cxpcnfe, cei* r batlm. I in N. York, )ic.int8,on th* k, a northern liles S E from R. i8 N W rom Niagara; 11(1 aai VVof Wfon. 77 lo. vliich fifes ill M and N wcft- ) Hutlfon, op- tics, qms N r. I Mancitefter Frederick CO. liiigton. ■ojot. N part of th« Tcenfion Bay. (lern part of tho town of the S. It h'c» bout ao miles land of Cuba, Tmall iflandg a Reyna, on and rocki lide of it, bo de Cruz. y of Eflero, »e fouthern- of Bay am o. horcs of the unfwick on £ and S. rum the Gut he tides are' at Annap- hc Bafin of the N arm the head of }f this bay, :iji Bay, fiet mplain, i^ W fide of St. I^aw- nfive, hav- vers empty the chief Pearl, ajid lay lies in ■ Ion. from BEA le '■i tuy ^ 8l. Ltuii, on the Labrador coafl, kM Cape St. Louis on the N. and Cape ^.'harles on the S. It iia* many linall t^landi ; the largeO of wliich is Battle I. in rhe mouth of the bay. 'I'ht.' middle of the bay lie* in N lat. 5 a a.'^.Wion. j.? J.V liayntt, a town and bay on the S fide of tbvifland of St. Domingo, 4\ leagues from Petit Goave, on the N iidc of the iHand. It is about 8 leagues W of Jacknwl. N lat. 18 17. Beach Fori, a branch of Salt R. which rifes in Nelibn ca Kcnttifky. A fine clay is found on this river, which might, it is thought, be mdnufadlured in 'o good por- celain. JJciilJiurir, ft fmall town in K'lfon co. Kentucky, on the K bank of Rolling Fork, WhicK contains ao houi'es, as alfo a tolsac- eo warehoufc. It is 15 miles W S W of Bairddown, 50 S W of Frankfort. N iat. 37 4a, W Ion. 8550. Bear Creek, in Tenneflee, rifes among the head waters of Tombigby, runs north- erly 45 miles, and empties into the I'en- nefl'ee in lat. ,h 46. la miles below the Chickefaw llioals ; it is afccnded by boats aj miles. See Occochappo. BeardJIoiVM. See BairdJIeivn. Bear Cove, lies on the £ flde of the 3 eaflern corner of Newfoundland 1. at the head of which is the fettlemcnt of Formcfe, which fee. Reneau's rocks lie between Bear Cove and Frefli water Bay on the S, 3a miles northerly from Cape Rac«. Bear Craft Creei, A fmall creek on the eaflern fide of Ohio R. a few hundred yards N of the town of Louifville, in Ken., tucky. This is the fpot whei e the intend- ed canal is propofed to be cut to the up- per fide of the RapiJj. From the mouth of the creek.to the upper fide of the rapids, is not quite % miles. This wouid render the navigation of the Ohio fafe and eafy. The country on the fides of this creek, be- tween Salt R. and Kentucky 11. is beau- tiful and rich. See Ripuh of the Ohio. Bear Lake, Great, in the N W part of N. America, lies near the Ar2-ii fter. Beaver, a co. in Pennfylvania, containin£ 5776 inhabitants. Beaver Creek, runs into Lake Erie, at it*, £ end ; about 7 miles S £ from Fort £rie. Beaver Creek, ^/j', falls into the Alltgha- jty river, after receiving feveral branches froBi the N E about a8 miles N VV itoick. Pittfl»urg. Beavcn Datn,» townfhipin Northumber-- land cg.in Pennfylvania, W of Sufquchan- i>ahR. about 50 milesNWof Harrifburgh. Beaiter, a CO. of Pennfylvania, bounded N by Butler and S by W.ifliington. It i» watered by the Alleghany river p.nd Bea-. ver Creek, and contains 330,640 acres, 6 townlhips, and 5776 inhabitants, BeavertaiuH, a poft town, Capital of the- above qo. 448 miles from Wadilngton. Beavtr W .-Ji !, BED Btaver Kill, is a S E arm of th« Popach- ton Branch of the Delaware. Beaver Late, in New South Wales, lies in about J2 45 N lat. and loi 30 W ion. A little N £ from it is the fource of Chur- chill R. S £ from it is Cumberlani} Houfe, ou Grafs R. which has coomiunication by lakes with Nelfon R. S W of it is Salkai- hawen R. on which, towards its head, are a number of houfes belonging to the Hud- ion's Bay Company. Beavers To-wii, at Tujiarawas, lies be- tween Margaret's Creek, an upper N W branch of Mufkingum R.and the Nbranch of that river ; at the head of which N branch there is only a mile's portage to. Cayahoga R. Beavers Town Ues about 8j miles N W from Pittfburg A little below this a fort was ere<5led in 1764. Beciet, a townfliip in BerkHiire co. Maf- fachufetta, containing 930 inhabitants. It is 10 miles £ of Stockbridge, ^7 froni Lenox, and 130 W from Bofton. Bede Foint, is the eaftern cape dt the mouth of Cook's R. oa the N W coa(t of N. America. Bedford, a townfliip ij!i HilUborough ca N. Hampfhire, on the W bank of Merri- mack R. 56 ndles W of Portfmovith, %\ S of Concord. Bedford, a townihip in Middlefez cq. Ma^achufctt8,contaimng 538 inhabitants; J 6 miles N W of Bofton. Bedford, New, is a flourifliing town in Briftol CO. Mafiachufetts, 58 miles fouth- vrard of Bofton. It hes at the head of navigation on Accufhnet R. Lat. 40 41, N, Ion. 70 5Z W, fron\ Qreenwich, and has 4361 inhabitants. Bedford, a poft towii in W. Chefter co. N. York, containing 2404 inhabitants. It lies contiguous to ConnetSlicut, 1 2 miles N of Stamford, and 35 N E of th? city ojf N. York. Here Governor Jay reOdes. Bedford Co. in Pennfylvania, lies on Ju-. niatta R. has part pf the ftate pf Mary- land on the S, and Huntingdon co. N and N E. It contains 1^,039 inhabitants, and is divided into I2 townfhips. Its princi-< pal mountains are Wills, Evits, Warrior's, and Dunning's. The chief waters are Bay ftown, Will* and Licking creek. The vallies are rich, extenfive and well culti- vated. Limeftone an4 iron pre abound in many places. Bedford, a poft town in the above co. lies on the S tide of the Rayftown branch of the Juniatta, 25 miles eaftward of Berlin, and iio W of Philadelphia. It is f^|^larly lai4 out ; water it ^paveyed in BEH •»• wooden pipes to a refervoir in the mfd* die of the town. They have a ftonef gaol ; the market houfe, court houfe, and; record office, are built of brick. Bedfor4 was incorporated in 1795, and their char- ter is Hmilar to that of Chefter. M lat. 40, W loA. 78 JO. Bedford Co, in Virginia, is feparated from that of Amherft on the N by James R. hat Campbell £,Botetourt W,and Franklin co. S.It is 34 mile8long,a5broad,andcontaint 10,028 free inhabitants, and 4097 flaves. It has a good foil and is agreeably diverfi-. fied with hills and vallies. In fome partt chalk and gypfum h^ve been difcovered. Chief town Liberty.. Bedford, a village on the Georgia fide of Savanna river, 4 miles above Augufta. Bedmhifer, a town in Somerfet co. N. Jerfey, about 20 miles N W of New Brunfwick, a^d the fame diftance S W of Morriftown. Beef Ifland, one of the fmaller Virgin ifl-« ands,in 'he W. Indies, fituated between Dog \y on the W and Tortula on the E. It is about 5 miles long and i broad, i.l Sir Francis Drake's Bay. N lat. 18 23, W Ion. 63 2. Beekman, a confiderable townfhip \xi, Duchefs CO. N. York, £ of Poughkeepfie. Behrhgs Bay, on the N W COaft of Americans of Admiralty Bay. Beirhg's Straits, feparate Afia from America, and are fo called from the Ruf- fian navigator, Capt. Bchring, who, with Ilhirikow, failed from Kamptfchatka, in Siberia, on the Afiatic coaft, in queft of the New World, in a quarter where it) had, perhaps, never been approached. They both difcpvcred land within a few degrees of the N W coaft of America. But the more recent difcoveriet of Capt. Cook, and his fuccefibr, Clarke, have con- firmed the near approximation of the two continents. Cape Prince of Wales is the moft wefterly point of the Ameri- can continent, hitherto known. It is fit- uated in N lat. 65 46, £ Ion. 191 45, and is 39 miles diftanl from the caftern coaft; of Afia. The fea, from the S of Bchring's , Straits, to the crefcent of iiles between, Afia and America, is very {hallow. It deepens froni thefe ftraits (as the Britifti fcas do from Dover) till foundings are loft in the Pacific Ocean ; but that di^s. pot take place but to ^he 8 of the ifles. Between them and the ftraits is an in- creafefrpm i» to 54 fathoms, except on- ly oft' St. Thaddeus Nofs, where there is achann9l of greater depth. From the .1 ' volcanic *,.,. B-Eli BEN an in- :pt on- herc is tm the olcauic volcanic difpofition, it has been judged probable, not only that there was a repa- ration of the continents at thefe flraits, but that the whole fpace from the iflcs to that fmall opening had once been dry land ; and that the fury of the watery element, a«fluated by that of fire, had, in very remote times, fubvertcd and over- whelmed the tradi, and left the iflands to ferve as monumental fragments. The fa- mous Japanefe map places fome iflands fcemingly within thefe (lrait8,on whichiit bellowed the title of Ta Zue, or the kingdom of the dwarfs. This gives fome reafon to fuppofc that America was not unknown to the Japanefe ; and that they had, as is mentioned by Kxmpfer, and Charlevoix, made voyages of difcovery ; and, accord- ing to the iaft, adlually wintered upon the continent, where probably meeting with the Efquimaux, they might, in com- parifon of themfelvcs, and jultly, diftin- guifh them by the name of dwarfs, £eiia, ov Beeouya, or Bojuio, a fmall Britifh ifland among the Granadillas ; SS miles N £ of Granada, and 65 leagues from Barbadoes. It was called Little Martinico by the French, and has a fafe harbour from all winds jbut no frefli wa- ter. It is only frequented by thofe who catch turtle. The foil produces wild cotton, and plenty of water melons. Btlair, See Beliaire. Belcher, a pod town in Hampfliire co. MafTachufetts, containing 1878 inhabit- ants ; 12 miles £ of Hadley,and 85 Wof Bodon. Belez, a city of New Grenada, Terra Firma, S. America. Betfaji, a pod town and bay in Hancock CO. Mame, both fituated in what is called the Waldo Patent, at the mouth of Penob- fcot R. and on its weftern fide ; 38 miles N £ by E from Hallowell, and 728 from Wafhington. The Bay, on the N weftern part of which the town Hands, runs up into the land by 3 fliort arms. Iflef- borough I. lies in the middle of it and forms two channels leading to the mouth of Penobfcot R. Belfont, a pod town in Centre co. Penn« fylvania, 259 miles from Wafliington. Belgrade, a townfhip in Kennebec co. Maine, 12 miles N \V of Hallowell. It lias 293 inhabitants. Belhaven, the former name of Alexan- dria, in Virginia. Bell IJle, an idand on the £ fide of the northern part of Newfoundland I. E of Canada head ; between $0 4% and jo jo, N lat. and between W Ion. ss 39 and 55 46. Betluier, or Belair, a pod town Har- ford CO. Maryland, and the chief of th« county. It contains a court houfe, gaol, andMethodid meeting houfe, and is thin- ly inhabited ; 6 miles N W of Harford j 22 N £ from Baltimore, 86 W S W from Philadelphia. Belle Dune, La, or Haiidfome dmin, a long^ projedling, barren point, en the fouthern fide of Chaleur Bay, ^.bout 8 leagues N N W of Nipifighit, w!icre temporary cod and herring fiflieri>'s are carried on by difTerent people; there being no edab- liOied trader at the place. Belle Jfle, an ifland at the mouth of the draits ot this name, between the country* of the £fquimaux, or New Britain, and the N end of Newfoundland I. which draits lead into the gulf of St. Lawrence from the N £. The ifland is about 7 leagues in circumference ; and lies 16 miles from the ncarcd land on the coad of Labrador, or New Britain. On the N W fide it has a harbour for fidiing vef- feU,or fmall craft ; and on the £ point it has a cove which will admit fhallops. Lat. 51 55 N, Ion. J5 30 W. Bellgrove, in Bergen co. N. Jerfey, on the road to Albany, 3 milts northerly from Brabant, and 24 N by W from N. York city. Bell'mgbam, a town in Norfolk-co. Mada- chufetts, containing 704 inhabitants ; 20 miles northerly from Providence, and 34 S W from Bofton. Bells Mill, a fcttlement in N. Carolina, near the Moravian fettlemeots, about jo miles W of Hillfborough. Belfre, a pod town on the N W bank of Ohio R. between the Hockhocking and Muflcingum Rs. and oppo.1:e the mouth of the Little Kanhaway; about 14 miles below Marietta. Bellville,A j)oft town in Mifflin co.Penn- fylvania, 190 miles from Wafliington. BelviJere, a townfliip in Franklin cdi Vermont. Alfo a pod town in N. Jerfey, Sudex CO. on Delaware R. at the mouth of Pequed R. and 1 1 miles above Eadon. Benedia, a pod town in Charles co.Ma- ryland,on Patuxent R. oppofiteMackaH's Ferry ; W from Port Tobacco 16 miles, 47 E from Wafliiiiyton. Bennington, a county in the S W corner of ^'^crmunt, divided into 16 lownfliips, of which Bennington and Manchederare the chief. It has 14,616 inhabitants, all ftce. The mouctaiui here furnifli iroa A' $ BER ikft in abKndance, and employ already, a Curaace and two^orgea. Bennington, a pleafant pod town and icapital of the above cq. and the largcft in the (late, having about ij;o houfcs, in and (Dear the coinpaiSl: part of the town ; 34 piiies N £ from Albany ; 55 miles Sfrom Rutland ; and 300 from Piiiladeiplua. N lat. 4% 42, V^ luu. 74 10. Dcuniugtoa has fcveral handl'onic Imildingii. Its public edifices are a congrcgation&'l church go- ing to decay, a (latu lu)ulc Mid gaol. It i( the oldcft town in the ftatc, having been firft Cettlcd in 1 764, and is flourifli- ing, containing 3283 inhabitants. Mount Anthony Tilici very high, in a conicul form, in tbefouthcrn part of the town. The houfcs are on a rich tra)/ the Dutch, from that city. it contains 6 towniliips, of which the chief are firrgcn and Hackenfack, and •fi,ist inhabitants. Htrc are 7 Dutch BER. Calvinifl: cliiirches, and a of Dutch l/tm tlieraas. There is a copper mine in this CO. which, when worked by the Schuyler family, (to whom it belonged) was con- fiderably productive ; but it has been neg- letfted for many years. It is a mountain- ous, rough, and hilly county, 30 miles long, and 25 broad. It forms part of tlie £ and northern end of the (late ; and its N \V extremity meets the N £ part of Suflex cq. fo that thcfc two counties em- bofom Morris and £frex counties, except on the S W, and extend from Hudfon to Delaware river algog the wlu>le northern line of the (late. SirgtM, the fliirc town of the above co> is furrouiuled by water, except on the N ; tlic river Hudlou fcparates it from New York city, 3 miles diftant ; on the S a narrow channel lies between it and States I. and un the W it has Hackenfack R. The inhabitants arc moftly dclccndants from the Dutch fettlers. Bergen Ned, is the fouthem extrr,T.! ; of the above tov/nflup. BirkhcmJleaJ. See BarkbetnfeaJ, Berkley, a townfliip in Briftol co. Maf ' chufetts, containing loi 3 inhabitants ; 4>.> ;mile8 fouthward of Boflon. Berkley, the name both of a county and town, in Cliarleflon DiHriift, S. Carolina, fiear Cooper and AHilty Rivers. Berkley Co. in Virginia, lies W of the Kue Ridge, N of Frederic co. and fepar- ated from the (late of Maryland, on the N and £ by Patowmac R. This fertile county, about 40 miles long and 20 broad, lias 14,894 free inhubicunts, and 3679 (laves Martiu^}urg is its chief town. A poft ofEce is kept at Berkley Springs, in thi« CO. 104 miles from Wailiin^^iton. Berkley's Sound, on the N W coaft of N. America, lies on the eaftern fide of Qnad- ras Iflcs. The land on its eaftern fide is oppofitc Cape Flattery, and forn\s the ^^ fide of the Straits de Fuca. Berk't Ce. in I'cuiifylvania, has North-, ampton co. on the N £ ; NorthuinbcrlancI on the N W ; part of Luaerne on the N j Dauphin and Luncafl:cr counties SW| and Chcftcr and Montgomery S £. It is watered by Schuylkill R and is 53 miles long, and near 29 broad, containing 1,030,400 a<;rca. < Here iron ore and coal are found in plenty, which fupply fcveral iron works. The northern parts are rough and hilly. Berks contains 32,407 inhabitants. It has 39 townfliips, of which Reading is the chief It is well watered by the Schuylkill and its branches. ■ Merkjhir* \ C4. * BER as Norths mbcrlan^ m the N 5 ies S W I E. his 53 milci intaining and coal y feverai arts are » 32.407 of wliicl) watered cs. Berifiire .Co. MaflachufetM, is bounded yf \)j N. York (late ; S by the ftate of Connedticut ; Eby Hampfliire co.andN by the ftate of Vermonr. U runs' the whole extent of the ftate from N to S, and is divided into a6 townfliips ; the chief of which arc Stockbridge.Lcnoi, Great Bar- rington,\Villtamftow.n,and Pittsfield ; the inhabitants 33,885. White and clouded marble ii> found in fevcral towns, in the rough and hilly parts of this county. Berijhire, a townftiip, in Frnnklin cov Vermont, between Miftifque river and Canada line. Sfrllit, a neat and flourifliing poft town of Adams co. PcnnfylTania, containing about 100 houfes. It is regularly laid out, on the S W fide of Conewago *. reek, 13 miles weftcrly of Yorktown, and 10 r W of Philadelphia. N lat. 39 56. Berlin, A townfliip in Orange co. Ver- mont, on the S fide of Onion R. oppofitc Montj^elier, Berlin contains 684 inhali- itants, and is about 30 miles N E of Mid- dlebury. Bfrlin, a poft town in Hartford co. Con- nc<£licut, 10 miles S S W of Hartford, 34 NNEof New Haven. Berlin, a townfliip in Worccfter co. Maflachurett3,containtng3 90 inhabitants; .•^4 miles W of Bofton, and 14 N E of Worccfter. Hops have been cultivated here lately, and promifc to be a valuable article of hulbandry. Berlin, in Somcrfct co. Pennfylvanja, Jies on a branch of Stony Creek, a S wa- iter of Conemaugh R. on the W fide of the Alleghany Mountain ; 45 wiles weftward 4)f Bedford ; 23 N W of Fort Cumberland, in Virginia, and 200 W of Philadelphia. It has 300 inhabitants. N lat. 39 54. Bermuda Hundred, or City Point, as it !s -ibmetimes called, is a port of entry and poft town, in Chcfterfield co. Virginia, fit- uatcd on the point of the peninfula, form- ed by the confluence of the Appamattox with James R. 36 miles wefterly from Williamfburg, 64 from Point Comfort, in Chefapeak Bay, and 315 S W by S from -Philadelphia. City Point, from which it ■is named, lies on the fouthern bank of J^mes R. 4 miles S S W from this town. The exports from this pl.iee, chiefly col- ledled at Richmond, 20 milss above it, amounted in 1794, to the value of 773,549 dollars. There are about 40 houfes here, including fome warchoufes. It trades chiefly with the W. Indies, and the difter- ent ftates. Citv Point, in James R. lies in H lat. J 7 1 6, W Ion. 7 7 3 1^ ice Rithumml. Bermuda IJlanJt. Thefe received rfil* name from the difcoverer, John Bermu'' das, a Spaniard ; and were called Som-^ mer's Ifles, from Sir George Soipmcrs;' who was fliipwreckcd on their rocks in* 1609, in his paflage to Virginia. Tlie' number of this dufber, in the form of a fhepherd's crook, has been computed t» be about 400, diftant from the land's end" in. England, T500 leagues, from the Ma- deiras I200, from Hifpaniola 400, and aoo from Gape Hatteras in Carolina, which taft is the nearcft laud to tbem^ The ilLinds are walled with rucks i and by reafon of thefe, together with fhoalss are difficult to approach. The entrance* into the harbours and channels ave nar- row as well as flioaly, and arc more dan- gerous by reafon-of the ftrong current which fcts to the N E from the gulf of Florida. They coc tain from i S' to 1 3,00^ acres of poor land, of- which 9 parts in 10 are either uncultivated, or rcfcrved in woods, which confift chiefly of cedar, for the fupply of fliip-buildingi There arte about 400 acres laid out in cotton. The main ifland is about 16 miles long, and from one to two in breadtti. The parifh of St. George's, is an I. to the caftward of the main land. In which flands the town of St. George's, containing about 500 houfes. Contiguous to that is St. David's- I. which fupplies the town with pro^if- ions. The air is healthy, and a continu'»i' fpring prevails ; and niqft of the produc- tions of the W. Indies might be cultivate^ here. The hoults are built of a foft ftonc, which is fawn like tir.iber, hut be- ing waflied with lime, it becomes hard; thefe ftones are greatly in rcqueft through* out the W. Indies, for filtrating water. The houfes arc white as fnow j which, beheld from an eminence, contrafted with the grecunefs of the cedars, and paftur^ ground, and the multitude of iflands full in view, realize what the poets have feigned of the Elyfian Fields. Some ac- counts fay that thefe iHands contain from 15 to 20,000 inhabitants ; but Mr. Ed» wards fays the number of white people is 546*, of blacks 4919. Old writers ob- ferve that there were 3000 Englifli in thefe iflands, in 1623. 300 or 400 g* annually to Turks I. to rake fait, which is carried to America for provifions, of fold, to fuch as may call for it there, fop cafli. The Bermudians are chiefly fea» faring men, and the negroes are very expert mariners. In the late war, therp were at east time betvaca i j and %o pri. ■ ? T* 1' ,:m 1 * 'M fill ^ Ifl IP i s 1 ifiH ■! li 1 steers fitted out hencr, \rhlch were maii- iied by negro Haves, who behaved irrc- ftroachably ; and fuch is the (late of flavery here, and fn much are they at- tached to their mafters, that fuch as were captured always returned wben it was in their power ; a finguUr inftance of which Occurred in the ftate of Maifachufctts. The rtlip Regulator, a privateer, was car- tied into Bodon, and had 76 flaVes oh hoard : 60 of them returned in a flag of tnrce, 9 returned by way of 1^. York ; one only was miffing, who died. The gov- ernment is condudted under a governor, named by the BritiHi crown, i council, and a general aflembly. There are 9 churches, of which 3 clergymen have the charge ; and there is one Prefliyterian church. In the late Eurppean war, the taumeroils cruifers from Bermudas, un- warrantably captured numbers of Amer- ican vefTels, loaded with provifions or naval (lores, bound for French, and other |>orts,which were iniquitoudy condemned. Sernard's Say, lies on the N W fide of the gulf of Mexico. The paffage into it, between feveral illands. is called Pafco dc Cavallo. Btrnardfiovin, in Somcrfet co. N. Jerfey. Alfo the name of a town(hip iti Hamp- shire CO. MafTachufetts ; diftant 1 10 miles wedward from Bodon. Berne, A toWnfliip in Albany ca NcW York* By the fiate cenfus Of 1 796, it ap- pears there are 447 of the inhabitants who *re eledlors. Berry IJtandt, a fmall clufter of ifles on tbe N W point of the Great Bahama Bank, in the channel of Providence. N iat. «5 30, W Ion. 75 40. Bertie, a maritime co. in N. Carolina, in Sdcnton diilridl, with the Roanoke its S boundary, and Albemarle Sound on the E. In it is (ituated the ancient Indian tower of Tufcarora. It contains 10,998 fouls, of which number 5387 are flavcs. Bertie, a townfliip, in Lincoln co U. Canada, on the weft (ide of Niagara river, fbuth of Willoughby, and open to L. Erie. Berwick, or ALbotJlotvn, a neat town in York CO. Pennfylvania, at the head of Conewago Creek, 13 miles weft ward of York, a6 S S W of Harrilburgh, and 103 W by S of Philadelphia. The town is jregularly laid out, and contains about 100 houfes,a German Lutheran, and aCalvin- ift church. N Ut. 39 54. Bertvick, a poft town of Luzerne co. Pennrylvania,a34 miles from Wafliington. Berviifk, or Nnu*B*rvtitk, a fmall town %t*i 45 bf tforthumberland co. Peonfylvania, on the N weftem fide of the E branch of Su'f^ quehannah R. nppofite Nefcopeck Falls) and Nefcopeck Creek, 33^ miles NE from Northumberland and Sunbury, at the jundlion of the E with the W branch of Sufquehannah, and 160 N W of Philadel-^ phia. N Iat. 41 3. The plan of the towil IS regular, contains about 70 dwellings, a German Lutheran and Calvinift church. Beribiek, a poft tOwn in York co. Maine, containing 3891 inhabitants. It has an incorporated academy, and lies on the E fide of Salmon Fall R. 7 miles N W of York, and 86 £ of N from Boftoui Betbabara, the firft fettlement of the Moravians in the lands of Wachovia, in N. Carolina, begun id 1753 ; 6 miles N of Salem, and 183 W of Halifax, in N Iat. %6 9. It is fituated on the W fide of 6rafly Creek, which unites with the Gargales, and feveral others, and falls into the Yad- kin. It contains a church of the United Brethren, and about 50 dwelling houfes. Bethany, or Betbania, a Moravian fettle ment and poft town, in Stoke's co. N.Caro' lina, begun ini76o; 9 miles NWof Salem, 4 N W of Betbabara, and 380 S W by S of Wafliington. It contains about 60 houfes, and a church, built on a regular plan. See Wachovia. Bethel, a fmall Moravian feUleiheiit on Swetara R. in Pennfylvania, la miles from Mt. Joy. A townfliip in Dauphin co. Beibeft a townfliip in Windfor co. Ver- mont, containing 473 inhabitants ; N N W of, and bounded by Stockbridge, and about 67 miles N N eafterly of Benning- ton. It gives rife to a fmall branch of White River. Betbel,3i townfliip in Delaware co. Penn- fylvania. Bethel, a town in York co. Maine, lying moftly on the S fide of Great Amcreflcog- gen River. A fmall and narrow ftrip however lies on the N fide adjoining Rum- ford, N eafterly. Bethlehem, A tavin in Albany co. N.York, very fruitful in p^ftures, and makes large quantities of excellent butter. By the ftate cenfus of 1796, 388 of the inhabit- ants are elcif, Hevicre au, empties eaftwardly in- to Miffifippi R, in N lat. 39 4 ; about 48 Vot. I. F miles, by the courfe of the river, above tie mouth of the Illinois, and 7 miles S frum Riviere Oahali.i. Jieuf, Small Lt. tee Le Boeuf. ^.-wr/y,a poft town in EiTcx co. Mafla- chufetts, containing 3881 inhabitants, is feparated from Salem by a handfome bridge, and is about 15 miles E of N of Bollon, and J2 S W of Ncv/buryport. It has. four pariflics. In the p:Hri.ilics next the harbour, arc a number ol' handiome houfes, exhibiting the cliecving reward* of eutcrpiife and induftry, and the inhab- itants are devoted to the fiftieiy and other branches of navigation. In the other part of the town, which is chiefly agrictrl- tural, is a cotton nianufadtory. The bridge, mentioned before, is 1500 feet ia length, ereiSledin 17S8, and connedls this town with Salem. It has a draw for veffels. Beverly, a townfliip in York co. U. Can- ada, W of Flamborough, oppofite Dundas ftreet. BihL's Ferry, in Charlotte co. Virginia, where a poft office is kept, 251 miles from Wafliington. Buddies, a fettlemcnt on a branch of Licking R. in Bourbon co. Kentucky ; about 6 miles N W from Millers, on the N E fide of the fame branch, and 32 mile* N N £ from Lexington. BidJeford,a. port of entry and poft town in York co. Dlftridl of Mnine, on the t» W fide of Saco R. on the fea coaft, 14 miles S \V from Portland, 34 N E froiu York, and 105 from Bofton. It contains 1296 inhabitants ; here the county courts arc held, as likcwil'e at York. N lat. 43 26. Bieque Jfiani, or Bor'tquen, or Craht Tfli, one of the Virgin Illes, a leagues fronv Porto Rico, 6 leagues long, and a broad. The Englifli fettled here twit;e, and have been driven away by the Spaniards, whole intereft it is to let it remain defolaie. Ic has a rich foil, and a good road on its S fide. Lat 182 N, Ion. 64 30 W. Big Bene Creek, in Woodford co. Ken- tucky, falls into the Ohio from the E, in about N lat. 39 17, W Ion. 85 54. It is very fmall in lize, and has 3 branches ; thcN wefternnioft interlocks with Bank Lick Creek, which falls inco Licking R. It is only noticeable for the large bones, and fait licks near it. Bi^ Bene Licit, The, lie on each fide of the abovementioned ci eek, a little bcJow the juudlion of the two eaflern hianches, aijcut 8 miles from the mouth ot the creek. Thtfc, as alfo the other fait fprings, in the wcftera i ; I. BIO "\Tfflorn country, -re cailctl .L!ci',hccn\\(e tne cHftli al)()iu tlicin is t'urrowetl up in a iiiofl curious iv.:iniu;r, by ihcbuffjlocs and deer which lick the t:uth, on account of the falVne particles wiih whicli it is im- pregnated. A (trc;tm of brackifli water ruHi through thvjlc licks, thr loil of which is a loft clay. 'I'lc large b'mes found here, and in fcv. ral other places next fait licks, and in low ttjft grounds, thougiit to h';long to the n\amiiioth, ftltl ^Mizzle the moft learned naturalilh to determine to what nnimal ihcy have hdoiiged'. A thigh bone found here by Gen, Parfoiis, rtreaf- \xrcA forty fiiiie inches in tcnpth-. A tooth of this animal is depoffiedlin Y'.ife Col lege. Mr. JclFerfori, who ll-ems tcr have exam- ined the Ikeleton of one of thefe animals with curious attention, fays, that " The bones befpeak an aniniilt o^ ftve or fix t'litics the cubic vohr.nc oi' an elephant," as M. BufFon hasadmittt;!. Of this animaf the natives have no tradition, but what \s i'o fabiHoui, tliat no conicd.ure can be aid- ed by it, except that the animal was car- nivorous ; and tliis is the general opinion, and was admihtd by tlit late Dr. Hun- ter, of London, iroin iu\ examination of the lulko, &c. B g E.:,ly Grove, in LivintrfFoiT co. Ken- tucky. A poll olRce is cflaUliflied here, Sn milcirfrom Walliinj^ton. ' if'if J'lttitcj, in Raii(lo!ph co. Indiana Teifitoi y, whtro is a poll ollkc, 933 milts from V^'alhington. Jiig Hill Cr.ri, runs W into Kafkafkias R. 2 5 miles below Beaver Creek, 17 above Blind"(l;rcck,and 26 northerly from the niouch of Kaikaikias. -^'.??"' Shvamf). See F!nnt!C Jfivrr. • B'l,; Roct, A large rock on the S E bank of Au Vazc R. about 3 miles NE from fts mouth hi the Mlfllfippi, and about 8 miles S E from Cape St. Antonio, on that river. Bh^ Rm-t' 'B'-.inch, the N eaftcrn head branch o'f Alleghany R. The branch called Big Hole Town joins it, and forms the Alleghany, 85 miles M li from, and above, Venango Fort. B'l^ S.ili LHk,A garrifon in the Hate of TcnelFee, near tlie Salt Lick, on Cumber- land R. 11.7 miles from Knoxvilh ; 80 tVom S. W. Point, on Clinch R. 32 from Blfdroc Lick, and 68 from Nafliville. B'lr' Sandy Riv.-r, or Tottervy, has its fource near that of Cumberland R. and, I'cparating Virginia from Kentucky, emp- ties into the Ohio, oppofite the French Putchaftf of Oaliopoliijin about N lat. BIR 38 30. Vancouver's and Harmar's forty Hand on this river. On its banks arc Several I'alt licks and fprings. Little Sant/y,- is a flmrt.finall river, which falls into the Ohio, about 20 miles W of Big Sandy R.. in Mafon co. Kentucky. Bitli-rica, a pofV (Own in Middlefexcoi Mad'achuleits, incnrporated in 1655. It has 1383 inhabitants ; nor has there betn- much variation in the number for half a century. It lies ao miles northward of Cofton, and is watered by C(mcord and Shawtliecn rivers, which run N eafterly into Merrimack River. Bitlin^^sport, on Delaware River, lies iz miles below Pluladelphia, was fortified in the late war, for the defence of the chan- nel. Oppofite this fort, fevcral large frames of timber, headed with iron fpikes, called chevaiix de frizes, were funk to prevent the BritiHi fliips from palBng. .Since the peace, a curious machine haS- bcen invented in Philadelphia, to raifc them. Billet. See Hjthrmij^h. Billymead; in Caledonia co. in Ver- mont, 25 miles N of Barnet. Bimiiii I/i'c, (me of the Bahama iflands, near tiie channel of Bahama, and E of Cape Florida. It is about 8 miles ire length, and as much in breadth ; covered v.'ith trees, and inhabited by the aborig- ines of America. It is very diflicult of arccli, on account of the flioah ; but is a pleafanl place, and is faid to have a good haibour. N lat. 25, W Ion. 79 30. Binirooi, a townfliip in Lincoln co. U. Canada, between Salt fleet, Glandford, and Caiftor. B'wbio, or Skphio, a rFvcr in Chili, the largeft in that kinndom. It rifes in the Andes, enters the S. Sea near the city of Conception, oppofite the iflc of .'Vvequi- rina, in lat. 37 S; running through veins of gold and fields of farlaparilla. It is the boundary between the Spaniards and fevcral Indian nation?, their enemies ; which obliges them to keep ftrong garri- foii^ upon it. B'lnh, a ftream about 20 miles long, which falls into the Penobfcot on its W fi(I(?, in Townfliip No. 4,oppofuc Orfon's Ifland, about 3 miles above the Great Falls, and nearly oppofite Sunkharc River. Bird Frrt, on Monongahela R. 40 miles S of Fort Fitr. Birds Key.', a rock or flland among the Virgin iflcs in the W. Indies. It is round, and lies -.ibaut i leagues S of St. John's. It las Its T/hich 63 20. Birti, in the ' habited Mulatt tile« an( the rivi tanrcs ; irmar's foits^ I banks arc Little Sani/y,. \i\\i into the lig Sandy R.. 4id(11efexcOi in 165.5. '' IS there been ;;r for lialf a orthward of Oncord and' n N caftcrly Liver, lies ii sfortiiied in of the chan- rveral large with iron s, were funk rom palling, riachine ha^ >iia, to raife :o. in Ver- ama idand!:, la, and E of 8 miles in th ; covered the ahorig- difiicult of ih ; but is a have a good 79 30. coin CO. ir. Glandford, Chili, the rifes in the the city of Avcqui- rough veins ilia. It is aniards and enemies ; rong garri- of miles long, on its W fuc Orfon's the Great Sunkharc R. 40 miles amonjT the It is round, Jdhn's. It k3» B I. A las its name from the quantities of birds , T/I»ich refort there. N lat. 17 5J, W Ion. | Biru, a town 10 leagues from Truxilla, ! in the >'. Sea, in the empire of Peru; in- habited by about 80 Indians, Spaniards, Mulattoes, and Mellccs. It is very fer- tile, and well watered 4»y canals cut from the river, and f« conveyed to great tliX- tanres ; as 'i'ruxilla. S lut. 8 24, W It 9 £ , '■ay Bay 1 the N eaftern corner ' Trcpalfey Bay in tlieiflandof Newfound- land ; which lies in the S caAcrn part of the ifl;«nd. .fl//Iav, a province of Mexico, abound- ing in iiJver mines, having N. Mexico on the N, and Florida on tlic W. Tlvc river .de la NalTas runs through a great part of it. Black LIci, lies in Weftmoreland co. Pcnnfylvania, about 36 miles K of I'ittf- 'burgh. Blaci Point, and Bine Point, are capes \(rithin thofe of £1izal>eth and Porpoifc, in the Diltrid: of Maine. Bloii X. There are two fmall rivers of this name in Vermont, one falls into iConncdticut R. at Springfield, the otlier runsN into Lake Mcmphremagog. Blaei R. in N. York, rifes near the northern branches of the Mohawk. Its ccarioned adventurers of dilFercnt kinds tuftttlc here, where tJic coillisfiiiidy,lo\v IM. A and fw,impy ; higher up near the rivers and lagoons, wliich are full of filli, the I'oil is more f(--itile, and produces plau- tiuics, cocoa trtcs, maize, yams, potatoes, an ; uiul the palVion for drinking f[)iiit-., ni.ide tlieni plant lu- g:ir canes. 'I'iie forcits are full of deer,. Mexican fwine and game, 'i'he fliorts abound with turtle, and the woods with mahognny, zchrawood, farfaparilla, &.c. ^uff indeed the whole ftttK-mv^nt (lourillits .,H)iitane(uil'v "-ithout cultivation. JUiick R, in the illand -of Jamaica, pjifTi ■< lhr()u_^h a level country, is tlie deeped and largell in the ill.iTnl, ;nid will admit flat bottomed boats and canoes for about 30 milts. Llickbmn Sfiin^s, in Jackfon CO. Ttn- elTee, where a port oflicc is-kt^t, 655 njilcs from A\'afliingt()n. Black Sivai/ifi, in St. Peter's parifli, .S-. Carolina, where a pod oflice is kept, 63* nulcs from WuHiington. BlaciP'xi!^ n fmrtll tiver which has its fource in Ramlliorn pond, in S.i!tton, Maf- fachuletiSjand aftcripaJl'ing through Prov- ivn of Sullivan CO. Teneflee. Blucfieldi Bay, lies S eaftward of Savan- nah la mar, in the ifland of Jamaica, hav- ing good anchorage for large vefTels. N lat. 18 io-|, Wlon.78. Blwjii'lds, a town fituated at the S E point of the country called the Mofjuito Jhort. It has a good harbour except that at its entrance is a bar on which are on.ly 12 feet water. At this place ends the real jurifdidlion of the Mofquito king, though he exadls tribute from all the in- habitants on the fea fliore ico leagues fur- ther Ibuthward. The country back of Bluefields is high land. Bluehill, a poft towTi in Hancock co. Maine, on the W fide' ©f Union R 344 miles N E of Bofton,and 13 E of Penobfcot. Blue Hill Bay, IS formed by Naflie;!^ Point on tjie \V, and Mount Cefart I. on the E. It extends northerly up to a moun- tain on the E of Penobfrot R. which, from its appearance at fea, is railed Blue Hill, Union R. empties into this bay. Blue Hii'h, ri ran^e of mountains in New ' Liigland ; BOE -BOL England ; whofe firft ridge in N. Hamp* fhirc pafles through Rochefter,Barringtoii, and Nottingham. Blue Mountains, in Northnmpton ca Pennfylvania, extend from S W to N E, and a fhort way acroft the Delaware. Al- fo, a range of mountains which run from S £ to N W through Slurry co. in the iS[- and of Jamaica. Blue Itidge. The firft ridge of the Alle- ghany JMou/ifainj, in Pcnnfylvaniaand Vir- ginia, is called the Blue Ridge ; and is a- bout 130 miles from the Atlantic. It is about 4000 feet high, meafuring from its bafe ; and between it and the Noith Mountain is. a lar^e fertile vale. The paflage of the Potowmack through this ridge is one of the moft (lupendous fceucs in nature. See A'Ughauy Mountains, and fatoivmack Rivtr. Blue Lids, on the main branch of Lick- ing R. in Kentucky, are fituated about 8 miles weftcrly from the Upper Blue Licks. £oth are on the N eaftcrn fide of the riv- er ; the latter is about 15 ipiles N £ of Millers. Blue Spring, lies between Big Barren and Little Barren rivers, S branches of Green R. in Mercer's co. Kentucky; about 2 z miles Swefterly from Sulphur Spring, and i.l S of Craig's Fort, on the N fide of Green R. Blue Stone Creek, a fmall weftcrn branch of the Great Kanhaway. Blue Water JRivcr, rifes among the fouth- ern branches of Duck River, and empties into theTeneflee. It is afcended by boats. Bocca Cbiea, the fh-ait or entrance into the harbour of Carthagcna, in Terra Fir- ma, S. America ; defended by feveral forts ^nd guns, which were all taken by the Britifh forces in 1741. Bocca del Drago, a ftrait between the il- and of Trinidad and Andalufia, in the province of Terra Firma, S. America. BedweU's Falls, in Merrimack R. lie be- tween Andover and Methuen, about 5 miles below Fatucket Falls. Near this is a bridge uniting Methuen and Andover. Bodet Point, is on the N fliore of Lake St. Francis, near the boundary line between U. and I^, Canada. Bodet River, runs into Lake St. Francis £ of Bodet Point. Smyth. Bneuf, Le, a place in the N weflern cor- ner of Pennfylvania, at the head of the N branch of French Creek, and 50 inilcs from Fort Franklin, where this Creek joins the Alleghany ; meafuring tiie diflance by water. The French fort of Lc Boeuf, feninrul:i of St. Domingo Kland, about .■? icague* N nf La Vi.ae forme ; 6 S E of «hc Mole, and « from I'ort de Paix, as the road runs. N lat. 19 41. Biimbiiy IIuoi,»a illand at tiie mouth of Delaware R. ahout 8 milea U>n^; aud a broad, formed by the Delaware on the jeaAern fide, and Duck Cict..c and Little Duck Creek on the Maryland fide ; thel'e «re united together by a natural canal It i» propofcd to counedl Delaware R. with Chefapeak Bay, by a canal from Duck Creek to that bay, through Chefter R. See Cfrtfitr Jiivir. The N W end of Bom- bay Hook is ;t bout 47 miles from Capes Henlopen and May, from the Hook to Reedy. I. is 9 miles. Bombasine Rapids, on a river in Lincoln «o. Diftrii^ of Maine, are navigable for boats with fomt lading, at a middUng pitch ■of water. They took their name from Bombazine, an Indian warrior, who was ilain by the £ng^illi in attempting to crols them. Bomiazini, a lake, 7 or 8 miles long, in Ahe towulhip of CalUeton, Rutland co. Vermont. Bonaire, an idand, almoft uninhabited, on the coafl of Venizuela, in the kingdom of Terra Firma, about ao leagues from the continent, and 14 £ of Curagoa, and be- longs to the Dutch. It 13 a'mut 1 8 leagues in compafs, and has a good bay and road on the S W fide, near the middle of the ifland. Here formerly were a few houfes, and a fort with a few foldiers. There tvere alfo 5 or 6 Indian families who plant- ed maize, yams, potatoes, &c. I'here arc plenty of cattle and goats, which they lend ialtcd to,Cura9oa annually. There is a fait pond here, where the Dutch come forfalt. N lat. ii 16, Wlon.68 i8. Bonamy't Point, on the fouthern fide of Chalcur Bay, is at the N W extremity of Eel river cove, and forms the S limit of tixe mouth of Riftigouche river. • Bonaventure, on the nol-thern fide of Cha- Jeur Bay, lies about 5 leagues from New Carlifle, which is now called Hamilton. It was a place of confiderable commerce, but is now declined. Bonaveiitura , a bay, harbour, and fort, of S. America, in Papayau, 90 miles E of Call. N lat. % 20. W Ion. 75 18. It is the ftaple perl of C;)!!, Papayan, Panta Fc, &c. BvnaiiiJJn, CipeandBnyof, lie on the V. fide of Newfoundland I. The ciipe lits jn N lat. 48 15, W ion. 52 32, and was (difcotfcrtd by Jjohu Cabot, aiid his fon Sehaflian, in 1497, in the fervice oFHenry Vli. king of England. 'I'he bay is formed by thiH cape and that of Cape Frcels, 15 leagues apart. BoiibamUtuiit in Middlcfex CO. N. Jerfcy, lini about 6 miles N K from New Ilrunf- wick. Bjon:, a county of Kentucky, containing 15; 4 inhabitants. Bo nrjlury, a port town in Waflimgton CO. Maryland, 6j miles fronj Walhingtnn. B"i,nit Buy, lies on the W fidt (if New- foundland I. 2 2 leagues N by E of bt. George's Harl>i>ur. N lat. 49 .^5. Boojittnu, a Anal! pofi town in Morris CO. N. Jerky, on the port road between Roc ka way and Suflex court lioufe; I16 miles from Philadcli>}iia. Buon IfianJ, on the coaft of Maine, be- tween tiic mouth of York R. ai;d Cape Neddock ' .5(A)n/2orevj'£,inMaddiron CO Kentucky, lies on the S fide of Kentucky R. at the mouth of Otter Creek, 15 miles S £. of Lexington, and 35 N E from Danville. Bjonj Creel, a fmall N branch of Ken« tucky R. BoBih Bay, a town and bay on the coaft of Lincoln co. Maine, in N lat. 43 42, about » miles W of Pcmaquid Point. The bay firetchef! within the land about 12 miles, and receives two fmall (Ireams. On it is a town, havinj^ 997 inhabitants. This town and bay were originally called Townfcnd, which fee. Bouquet £. paiTes through the town of \Villfl)orough, in Clinton co. N. York, and is navigable for boats about 2 miles ; and is there interrupted by falls, on which are mills. At this place are the remains of an intrcnchmenc, thrown up by Gen. Burgoyne. Bcrc'entotvn, a pleafant poft town in Burlington co. N. Jerfcy, fituated at the mouth of CrofTwicks Creek, on the E bank of a great bend of Delaware R. 6 miles below Trenton, 9 N E from Bur- lington, by water, and 15 by land, and 24 miles NE from Philadelphia. Through this town, which contains about ic o houfes, and .1 Baptift and Quaker meeting houfe, a line of fl;igfs pafl'cs from New York to Philadelphia. Ihe fccond dl- vifion of Heilians was placed in this town, in December, 1776; and by the road leading to it, 6co men of that nation el'caped, when Gen. Wafliington lurprifcd, and made prifoncrs of 886 privates, and 2T, ficfiian tifTicers, at Trenton. Boiiqueit, jOr Crabs JJland. See Bicqiie. BOS BOS Bor^nr, Lf, a town on the north fide of fhc northern pciiinliilaor tl»c illaoH of St. Domingo, ;, Icaj^nts \A by N of Pori Mar- j.(>t, Hiid 8 £ liy S of I'ort dc I'aix. N lat. 19 49- /f'));V, a town in Pern, fitiiated on the hcul watc*r« of Ani.iy.oii K. //cr/iT, n town in l!ra/il,on the S caftcrn bink of Uraguay R. b ht. 29 i j W Ion. 36 .10. Bofca'^ven, a port town in Hillfboroui^h CO. N. H;aiipflilrc, on the wtftfrn hank of Merrimack R. above Concord; 43 miles N W of Exeter, and 38 S E of Dartmouth College; having 1108 inhabitants. Bof- cawen Hills art in this neighbourhood. Boflon, a port town, and the capital of the ftiite of MiifTachufetts, the largelt town in N. Enghind, and the fourtli in fize and rank in the United States, lies in 4a 43 15 N lat. and 70 5a 41 W Ion. This town, with the towns (rf Hingham, Chelfea, and Hull, conftitute the county of Suffolk; 176 miles S W of WifcalFct, 61 S by W of Portfmouth, 164 N E of New Haven, a.si N E of N. York, 347 N E of Phila- dclphia,and 500 N E of the city of Wafh- ington. Boflon is built upon a pcninl'ula of irregular form, at the bottom of Maf- I'acluifetts Bay, and is joined to the main land by an ifthmns on the fouth end of the town leading to Roxbury. It is two miles long, but is of unequal breadth; the broadtrt part is 716 yards. The pen- infula contains about 700 acres (ot)ier accounts fay 1000) on which are about 1600 dwelling hotrfes. The number of inhabitants in 1790 was 18,038, in 1800, 44,937. The town is interfered by 97 ftreets, 36 lanes, and 26 alleys, befides 18 courts, &c, moft of thtfe are irregular, and not very convenient. State ftrcet, Com- mon ilreet, and a few others, are excep- tions to this general eharatSler ; the former is very fpacious, and being on a line with Long Wharf, where ftrangers ufualiy land, exhibits a flattering idea of the town. Here are nineteen edifices for public wor- fliip, of which nine are for Congrega- tionalifts, three for Epifcopalians, and two for Biiptiffs ; the Friends, Roman Catholics. lVIethodifts,San lemanians and Univerfatifls have one each. Moft of thefc arc ornamented with be jutiful fpires.with clocks and bells. The other public build- ings are the old State Houfe, now con- verted into offices, florcs, &c. Court Houfe, a Theatre, Concert Hall, Faneuil Hall, Gaol, an Alms Houfie, lately creifled at theNW part of the towBi fpacious, and commodious, and the moft eTcjraiMf building of the kind in the United .States'. Franklin Place, adjoining Federal ftrcet* Theatre, is a Jjrcat ornament to tlic town ; rt contains a monument of Dr. hranklin, from whom it takes itir name, and is rn- compaifcd on two iides with elcr.int build- ings. Here are kept, in capacious rooms, given and fitted up for the pnrpofc, the Boffon Library, and the valuabl'e Collec- tion!! of the Hiflorical Society. Moft of the public buildings are handfome, and lome of ihem arc ele^'ant ; particularly the new State Houfe, created on the S fide of Beacon Hill, fronting the Mall, the corner ftone of which was laid with great formality and parade on the 4th of July, 1795. This buildin a covered walk below, and fupport a col- onade uf Corinthian columns of the fame extent above. The outfide walls are of large patent bricks, witli white marble fafcias, imports and key dones The low- er ftory is divided into a large hall or public walk in the centre, s^ feet fquarc and ao high, fupported by Do*ic columns ; two entries, each 16 feet wide, with two flights of ftairs in each, and at the cnd.i offices for the Treafurer ,ind Secretary of the commonwealth. 'i"he rooms above are, the Reprefentatives' room, in the cen- tre, 55 feet f quare, the corners formed into niches for fireplaces : this room is iinilh- ed with Doric columns on the iides, at \% feet from the floor, forming a gallery ; the Doric entablature furrounds the whole; from this fpring fovir flat arches on the fides, which being united by a circular cornice above, form in the angles four large pendants to a bold and well pro- portioned dome. The pendants are or- namented with trophies cf Commene, Ag' ticulture, Ptfif) and IfW. The dome i« — ■ fr- -^i- Uuiflicd Bbs BOS hUf I ' isinietl in compartment) ut Aucco, in a llylc oi finiplc cleg^ince. The centre of *hc dome ii .?o feet Irom tlie floii Pier, in bottom of larbour in is 104 feet, at ebb tide, the N is a ot's T, from ietor and its here with ounded by at a great red on the ioiiB (torcSf inf, and in ing of the company, in 1796, i of Bofton of Bofton, the town, ;a, is truly lies in a ular form rnamented onument ow, how- ate Houfc. Oa g' BOS On the bafe of the monument are infcrip* tiona. commemorating feme of the mod remarkable evi-nts of the late war. Beacon Hill itthe highed ground on the peninfula, and affords a molt delightful and cxtenfive profpedt. The common below it contains about 45 acren always open to refrefhing breeze* ; on it* eaft bde i> the Mall, a very pl^afant walk above 500 yards in length, adorned with rows of trees, to which an addition of about 100 yards has been late- ly made. Charles River and Well Bollon bridges are highly ufeful and ornamental to Bodon ', and both are on Charles Riv- er, which mingles it. waters with thofe of Myftic River, in Bofton harbour Charles River bridge connctSts Bofton with Charlef- town in Middl^fcx county, and is 1503 feet long, 4a feet broad, ftands on 75 piers, and coft the fubfcribers 50,000 dollars. It was opened June 19, 1787. Feet long. Weft Bofton bridge ftands on 180 piers, is 3483 Bridge over the gore, 14 piers, 275 Abutment Bofton iide, 87^ Caufeway, 3344 Diftance from the end of the Caufe- way to Cambridge meeting houfe, 7810 Width of the Bridge, 40 This bridge exceeds the other as much in elegance as in length, and coft the fub- fcribers 76,700 dollars. Both bridges have draws for the admiflion of veflels, and lamps for the benefit of evening pafT- rngers. Seven Free Scfiools are fupport- cd here at the public expenfe, in which the children of every clafs of citizens may freely alTociate together. The number of fcholars is computed at about 900, of which 160 are taught Latin, &c. There .ire bcilde thefe many private fchools. The principal focicties in the Common- wealth hold their meetings in thi^ town, and are, the Marine Society, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, MafTai im- fetts Agricultural Society, Maflhrh .fetts Charitable Society.Bofton Epifcopul Char- itable Society, Malfachufetts Hiftorical •Society, So-Tiety for propagatirg the Gof- pel, Maflachufetts C(' igregational Society, Medical Society, Humane Society, Bofton LibrarySociety, Bofton Mechrinic Affocia- tion, Charitable Fire Society,ar.dMairachu- fetts MiCionarj' Society. The foreign and domeftic trade of Bofton is very coniidcra- hle.to fupport which there are four Banks, viz. the Branch of the United States £ank, the Union Bank, the M;»(n.chufetts Bank, and the Bofton Bank. The Maflachufetts Vol. I. G BOS Bank conftft* of 8oo fliarcs of .foo dollar*, equal to 400,000} the capital of the Union Bank is, 1,100,000 dollar*, 400,000 of which is the property of the State. In 1748, 500 veflels cleared out of this port for, and 430 were enteicd from, foreign parts. In 1784, the entries of foreign and coafting veflels were 372, and the clear- ance* 450. In 1794, the entrit Springs are 15 miles. Boltlfbill, a viUage in Somerfet co. N. Jerfey, a miles N W from Chatham, and 15 N W of Elizabethtown. Boudoir, Le, a fmal! ifland in the Pacific Ocean, 5 lat. 175a, V^ Ion. from Paris, 15 a.C.difcovered April a, 1768, by Bougan- ville. This ifland, the year before had been discovered by Wallis.and named Ofr.aburg. The natives call it Maitea, according to the report of Capt. Cook, who viQted it in 1 769, Quiros diTcovered tltls ifland in 1 606, and called it la Dezana. See Oftiabtrg. Bouganville's Straits, arc at the N W end of the ifles of Solomon. Bougie Met, on the coaft of N. Carolina, between Core Sound and Little Inlet. Boundbrook, a village in Somerfet co. N. Jerfey, on the N bank of Rariton River, about 10 or la miles N of Brunfwick. Bourbon, Fart, in the illand of Martinico. Bourbon Co. in Kentucky, between Lick- ing and Kentucky rivers, contains 13,356 inhabitants, including 1994 flaves. The land produces wheat, 30, or 35 bufliels upon an acre, corn about jo. Hemp grows well. Chief town Paris. Bourbon, a Co. laid out and organized in the year 1 785, by the State of Georgia, in the S W corner of the State, on the Miffi- fippi, including the Natchez country. The laws of Georgia were never carried into efFcdb in this co. and it was under the jurifdi(%ion of the Spaniards from their conqueft of this part of the country in 1780, till it was given up to the United States by the treaty of 1795. Bo^v, IS a townfliip in Rockingham co. N. Hampfhire, on the W bank of Merri- mack R. a little S. of Concord. Botvdoin, a townfliip in Lincoln co. Maine, on the N eaftern bank of Andro- fcoggin R. diftant from York, N eafterly, 36 miles, and from the mouth of Kenne- beckR. 6 miles, and 166 N £ of Bofton. It contains 1260 inhabitants. Botvdoinbam, a townfliip in Lincoln co. Maine, feparated from Pownalborough E, and Woolwich S E, by Kenncbeck R. It has 79a inhabitants, i j miles N W from WifcafTet. Boiuling Green, a village in Virginia, on the poft road, %i miles S of Frederickf- burg, 48 N of Richmond, and 25 N of Hanover court houfe. A poft office is kept here, 84 miles from Wafliington, fouthward. There is another town or village of this name, in Warren co. Ken- tuckey, where is a poll oflicc, 8o3 miles from Wafliington. Boivcrs' Sulphur Springs, are in Bath CO. Virginia, 291 miles from Wafliington. A poft office is kept heie. Boxboroiigh, a town in Middlefex co. Mafl'achufetts, containing 387 inhabitants; 30 miles N W from Bofton. Box/ord, a fmall town in EfTex co. MafTachufetts, having 852 inhabitants. It lies on the S E fide of Merrimack R. 14 miles S W of Newburyport. In the fouth- ernmoft of its two pariflics is a bloomery. Boyljhn, a townfliip in Worcefter co. Maflachufetts, f BRA BRA Maflachufetts, having 1058 inhabitants; 7 miles N E of Worcefter, and 4a N W of Bofton. It was incorporated in 1786, having been a parifli of Shrewlbury fince I74«;and contains by furvey, 14,396 a ;res of land, well watered, and of a rich foil. Bozrab, a town in New London co. Con- ncdlicut, formerly a parifli in the town of Norwich, 36 miles E from Hartford. Bracken, a county of Kentucky, contain- ing 2382 inhabitants. BraddocVt Field, the place where Gen. Braddock, with the firft divifion of his army, confifting of 1400 men, fell into an ambufcade of 400 men, chiefly Indians, by whom he was defeated and mortally wounded, July 9, I755-, The American militia, who were difdainfuUy turned in the rear, continued unbroken, and ferved as a rear guard, and, under Col. Wafliing- ton, the late Prcfident of the U. S. A. pre- ferved the rc^ular^ from being entirely cut ofF. It is fituated on Turtle Creek, on the N E bank of Monpngahela R. 6 miles E S E from Pittlburg. Braddock^s Bay, on the S fide of Lake Ontario, at the mouth of Geneflee river. Bradford, Eajt, and IVeJt, are townfliips in Chefter co. Pcnnfylvania. Bradford, a townfliip in Eflex co. Mafla- chufetts, on the S fide of Merrimack R. oppofitfcHaverhill,io miles W of Newbu- ryport. It has two pariflies, and 1420 inhabitants. Quantities of leather flioes are made here for exportation; and in the lower parifli fome veflels are built. Several ftreams fall into the Merrimack from this town, which fupport a number of mills of various kinds. Bradford, a townfliip in Hillfljorough CO. N. Hampfliire, incorporated in 1 760 ; ao miles E of Charleftown. Bradford, a townfliip in Orange co. Ver- mont, on the W bank of Connedlicut R. about ac. miles above Dartmouth College. There is a remarkable ledge of rocks in thi« townfliip, as much as 200 feet high. It appears to hang over, and threaten the traveller aa he pafles. The fpace between this ledge and Connedticut River is fcarce- ly wide enough for a ••oad. Braga, Ha, now Fort Dauphin, in the ifland of Cuba. Brainiree, a townfliip in Orange CO. Ver- mont, lies 30 miles N E of Rutland. It joins Kingfton weftward, Randolpli on the caflward, and contains 531 inhabitants. Braintree, one of the moft ancient town- fliips in Norfolk co in the flate of Mafla- chifet.ts, was fettled in 1625, and then called Mount JVoolafon, from the name of its founder. It lies on a bay, 8 miles £ of S from fioflon, and contains 1285 inhab- itants. Great quantities of granite flones are font to Bofton and other places from this town for fale. The bay abounds with fifli and fea fowl, and pafticularly braiitt. Tills town is noted for having produced, in former and latter times, the firfl charadlers both in church and flate ; and, in diflant ages will derive no fmall degree of fame, for having given birth to John Adams, the ^rft Vice-Prefident, and the fecoiid Prefident of the Unit/d States of America ; a man highly diftin- guiflicd for his patriotifm, as a citizen ; his juftice, integrity, and talents, as a law- yer ; his profound and extenfive erudi- tion, as a writer ; and his difcernment, (trmnefs, and fuccefs, as a foreign minifler and flatefman. Braintree, New, a. town in the ca of Worcefter, between Rutland or Oakham, on the £, and Hardvvick on the W, 2t miles N W of Worcefter. It has 875 in- habitants. Braintrem, a poft town in Luzerne co, Pennfylvania, 303 miles from Wafhington. Branca de Malambo, a town in the prov* ince of St. Martha, in Terra Firma, S. America. It is a place of great trade, and I'eatcd on the river Magdalen, 75 miles N of Carthagena, and is a Bifliop's fee. It has agood harbour. Nlat. 11 40,Wlon.75 30. Brandon, a harbour on the N fide of Long Ifland, N. York, 9 miles W of Smith-i town, and the fame diftance from Hamp- ftead Plain. Brandon, a poft town in Rutland co, Vermont, fituated on both fides of Otter Creek, containing 1075 inhabitants, and is about 12 miles northerly from Rutland. Here Brandon Creek empties into Otter Creek from the N E. Brandy FotSfSLTC ifles fo calledin the river St. Lawrence, 40 leagues below Quebec, a little W of the mouth of Saguenay river. Brandywiiu Creek, falls into Chriftiana Creek from the northward, at Wilming- ton, in Delaware ftate, about 25 miles from its N and N weftern fources, which both rife in Chefter co. Pennfylvania. This Creek is famous for a bloody battle, fought Sept. II, 1777, between the Britifli, and Americai^s. which lafted nearly the whole day, and the latter were defeated with confidenable lofs. It was fought at Chadds Ford, and in the neighbourhood of, and on, the ftrong grounds at Birming- ham church. See Detatuare, for an ac- oucnc BRA BRA I ' count of the celebrated mills on this creek. Brandy-wine, a townlhip in Chcfter co. Pennfylvania. Branford, a townfhip in N. Haven co. Connedticut, confidcrablc for its iron works. It lies on the S fide of a river of the fame name, which runs into Long 1(1- and Sound, lo miles E from N. Haven, and 40 S of Hartford. Branh' Fillage, on Grand river. See Jifobawi f^illjge. Bra/t d'Or, called alfo Labrador, a lake which forms intu arms and branches, in the ifland of Cape Breton, or Sidney, and opens an e»f)r communication with all parts of the ifland. Sec Breton, Cape. Brafs Ifland, one of the fmaller Virgin iflands, fituated near the N W end of St. Thomas's Ifland, on wiuch it is dependent. Brafs Town, in the ftate of Teneflce, is fituated on the head waters of HiwafTce R. about 100 miles foutherly from Knoz- ville. Two miles S from this town is the MnebanteJ Mountain, much famed for the curiofities on its rocks. See Enchanted JMtountain. Brattleborougb, a pod town, in Windham CO. VermontjTiaving 1867 inhabitants ; on the W bank of Conncdticut R. about 40 miles E of Benningtor, 6i N of Spring- field, in MafTachufetts, and 455 from "Waftiington. N lat. 4a 5 a. Brazil, or Braftl, comprehends all the Portuguefe fettlements in America, and is fituated between the equator and is ^ !<'(• and between 35 and 60 W Ion. and is in length 1500, and in breadth 700 miles. Sounded by the mouth of the river Ama- aon, and the Atlantic ocean, on the N,hy the fame ocean on the E ; by the mouth of the river Plata, S ; and by moraflTcs, lakes, torrents, rivers, and mountains, which feparate it from Amazonia and the SpanifhpoflcirionsontheW. It has three grand divilions. i. The northern con- tains 8 provinces or captainfhips, viz. Pa- ra, Marignan, Siara, Petagucs, Rio Grande, Payraba, Tamara, and Peraambuco. a. The middle divifion ; 5 captainfliips, viz. Sercgippc, Bahia, or the Bay of AU Saints, Ifhcos, Porto Seguro, and Spirito Sandlo. 3. The fouthern divifion ; 3 capt.iinfliips, viz. Rio Janeiro, St. Vincent, and Del Rev. The number of confiderahle cities arc 16 ; of thefe St. Salvadore, in the Bay of All Saints, it the chief, and is the capitiil of Brazil; thefecondinrank is Rio de Janeiro. On the coaft are three fmall iflands where ihips touch for provifions on their voyage to the South Seas, viz. Fcrnaudo, St. Bar- baro, and St. Catharines. Tha bays, hof- bours, and rivers, arc the lurbours of Per- nambuco, All Saints, Porto Seguro, the port and harbour of Rio dc Janeiro, the port of St. Vincent, the harbour of St. Ga* bricl, and the port of St. Salvadore, on the N fliore of the river La Plata. The cli- mate of Brazil is temperate and mild, when compared with that of Africa ; ow- ing chiefly to the refrefliii^g wind, which blows continually from the fea< The air is not only cool, but chilly during the night, fo tnat the natives kindle a fire every evening in their huts. The river* in this country annually overflow their banks, and like the Mile leave a fort of flime upon the lands ; and the foil is in many places amazingly rich. The vege- table produdtions are, Indian corn, fugar canes, tobacco, indigo, balfam, ipecacuan- ha, brazil wood. The laflis of a red col- our, hard and dry ; and is chiefly ufed in dying, but not the red cf the belt kind. Here is alfo the yellow fuAic, of ufc in dying yellow, and a beautiful kind of fpeckled wood ufed in cabinet work. Here are five di^erent forts of palm trees, curious ebony, and a great variety of cot- ton trees. This country abomids in horn- ed cattle, which are hunted for their hides only, 30,000 being f«nt annually to Eu- rope. There is great plenty of deers, hares, and other game. Befide the beafls common in the neighbouring parts of the, continent, are janouveras, and a fierce an- imal fomewhat like a greyhound, the topi- raflbu, a creature b.ctween a bull and an afs, but without horns, and entirely harm- lufs, the flefh is very good, and has the flavour of beef. The remarkable birds are the humming bird ; the lankima, fomctimes called the unicorn bird, from its having a horn, a or 3 inches long, grow- ing out of its forehead ; the guira, famous for changing its colour often, being firft black, then afh coloured, next white, after- wards fcarlet, and laft of all crimfon ; which colours grow deeper and richer the longer the bird lives. Of fifli, there is, one called the globe fifh, fo called fro^ its form, which is fo befet with fpikes like a hedgehog, that it bids defiance to all fifli of prey. Brazil breeds a variety of fer- pents and venomous creatures, among which are the Indian falamander, a four Icqged infeiSt, whofc fling is mortal ; the ibivnboca, a fpecies of ferpent about 7 yards long, and half a yard in circumfer- ence, whole poifon is mftantaneoufly fa- tal ; the rattle fnaV.c attains there an cnor- mou| BRA BRE inous ^AZf ; the liboyd or roebuck fnake, which authors fay are capable of fwallow- ing a roebuck whole with his horns, being between ao and 30 feet in length and 6 feet in circumference. There is a num- berlefs variety of fowl, wild and tame in this country. The trade of Brazil is very great, and increafes every year. They import as many as 40,000 ucgroes annual- ly. The exports of Brazil are diamonds, gold, fugar, tobacco, hides, drugs and med- icines ; and they receive in return, wool- len goods of all kinds, linens, laces, filks, hats, lead, tiij, pewter, copper, iron, beef, and cheefe. They alibreceiye from Ma- deira, a great quantity of wine, vinegar and brandy ; and from the Azores, £25,000 worth of other liquors. The gold and diamond mines are but a recent difcovery ; they were fir ft opened in 1681, and have fince yielded above 5,000,000 fterling annually, of which a fifth part be- longs to the crown. Thefe, with the fugar plantations, occupy fo many hands, that ^gric'ture lies negledled, and Brazil de- pends upon Europe for its daily bread ; although before the difcovery of thefe mines, the foil was found very fuilicient for fubiifting the inhabitants. The dia- monds here are neither fo hard, nor fo clear as thofe of the £. Indies, neither dp they fparkle fo much, but they are whiter. The Brazilian diamonds are fold 10 per cent cheaper than the oriental ones, fup- poling the weights to be ^qual. The crown revenue arifing from this colony, amounts annually to 2,000,000 fterling u) gold, if fome late writers are to be credit- ed, bcUde the duties and cuftoms on mer- chandife impotted from that quarter. This indeed, is more than a fifth of the precious metal produced by the mines ; but every other confequcnt advantage confidered, it probably does not much ex- ceed the truth. The Portuguefe here live in the moft eiFemiuate luxury. When ppople appear abroad they are carried in a kind of cotton hammocks, called ferpen- tines, which are home on negroes* flioul- ders : fimilar to palanquins in India. The portrait drawn of the manners, cjiftoms, and morals of that nation, in America, by judicious travellers, is very far from being favourable. The native Brazilians are about the fize of the Europeans, but not fo ftout. They are fuhjoift to fcv/er dif- tempers and are long lived. They wear noclothinjj ; the v,-omen wear tl.cir hair extremely lonp^.ihe men cut their'* fliort ; ^e v/omen wear bracelets of bones of a beautiful white ; the men necklaces of the fame; the women paint their faces.and tli* men their bodies. Though the king of Portugal, as grand mafter of the Order of Chrift, be folely in poffeffion of the titles, and though the produce of the.cruTade belongs entirely to him ; yet in this exten- live country, fix biftiopricks have bceq fucccfTively founded, which acknowledge for their fuperior, the nrchbifhop of Bo- hia; which feewascftablifliedini55a. On.. ly half of the 16 captainfliips, into which the country is divided, belong to the crown ; the others being fiefs made over to fome of the nobility, who do little more than acknowledge the fovercignty cf the king of Portugal. The Portuguefe dif- covered this country in 1500, but did not plant it till the year 1549, when they tools poffeffion of All Saints Bay, and built th* city of St. Salvadore. The Dutch invad- ed Brazil in 1623, andfuLducd the north- ern provinces ; but the Portuguefe .ngre^d in 1661, to pav the Dutch 8 tons of"gold, to reUnquifh their jntercft in this country, wliich was accepted ; and the Portuguefe repiained in peaceable poffeffion of Brazil, till about the end of 176a; when th^ Spanifh governor of Buenos Ayres, hear- ing of a war between Portugal and Spain, look, after a month's fiege, the Portuguefe frontier fortrer*. St. Sacrament ; but by tjie treaty of peace it was reftored. Brtakneck Hilli oppofite Butter hill, at th? northern entrance cf the highlands, ia Hudfon R. about 60 miles N of N.York» On the S fide of this hill, about half the diftance as you afcend it, the rock& are fo fituated as to give tha fpedtator a tolerable idea of a human face, with a nofe, mouth and double chin, but without a forehead. On the nofe grows a tree of confiderable fize, which has the appearance only of a fhrub. BricienrUgt, a county of Kentucky, con- taining 758 inhabitants, 38 of them are blacks. The court houfe, where a port officeiskeptjis 700 miles from Wafhington. Jirecknoci, a townlhip in Laucafter co, Pennfylvania. It is watered by Muddy and Corabio Creeks, and has 744 inhab.. itants. Breme, a cape which forms the S caftern fide of the mouth of Oroonokc R. oppofite Cape Araya, in S. America. BrcHtcnsMeff, about 3 miles from New- port, is the fouthcrnmoft poinfc of Rhode Ifland, about 2 miles E cf Beaver Tail, Thefe two poiiits form the mouth of Ncv.- pv?rt I'.arljolir. Bnntwfia', n mi BRE BRE SrfnHv»«d, a townfhip In Rocldngham •oi N. Hanvpfliire, having 899 inhabit- ants ; diftant 7 miles W from Exeter, and sz from Portfmouth. Vitriol is found here, combined in the fame (lone with liciphur. Bretoa, Caps. The ifland, or rather col- Ie<£tion of iflands, called by the F'-ench Let ^s de Matlame,vrh\i:)\ hcs fo contigu- ous as that they are commonly c;iUed but one, and comprehended under the name of the Ifland of Cape Breton, lies between iat. 45 a8, and 47 N, and between 59 44, »nd 61 39 W Ion. and about 45 leagues to the eafhrard of Halifax. It is about 109 lailes in length, and from 30 to 84 in breadth ; and is feparated from Nova Scotia, by a narrow flrait, called the Gut •f Canfi, which is the communication be- tween the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of St. l^awrence. It is furrounded with lit- \le (harp pointed rocks, feparated from each other by the waves, above which fbme of their tops are vifible, and inter- fe<^ed with lakes and rivers. The great Brafs d'Or is a very extenllve fheet of water M^ich formsinto an..s and branches, and opens an eafy communication with all parts of the Ifland. All its harbours are open to the ead, turning towards the fouth. On the other parts of the coaft there are but a few anchoring places for finall veflels, in creeks, or between iflets. The harbour of St. Peter's, at the W end of the ifland, is a very commodious place §or carrying on the fifliery. This ifland was roniidered as annexed to Nova Scotia in refpeiSl to matters of government till 3784, when it was eredled into a fepar- j»te government by the name of Sydney. There is a great proportion of arable land on this ifland ; and it abounds in timber and hard wood, fuch as pine, beach, birch, maple, fpruce, and fir. Here are about 1000 inhabitants, who have a lieutenant governor refident among them, appointed by the king. Ifle Madame, which is an appendage to this govern- ment, is fettled for the mofl: part with French Acadians, about 50 families,whofe chief employment is the flfhery aX Afli- mot, the principal harbour in this little ifland. The principal towns are Sydney, the capital, and Louifburg, which has the b eft harbour in the ifland. The prefcnt feat of government is at Spanifli river, on the N al one for radewas ev- !«ft. It con- few lynxes, bars, otters, r, and grey e procured dians, who the French, lan 60 men came from ring conti- e now de- which are le harbour, filhery, are nhabitants. flion ; and below the ut digging era. Not- imand for I the year Id proba- t tlie fhips ich i (lands °e mines, a uld never nes yield y to the d belong- 1,149,000 30 do. of h, includ- iwn from ..W7 icy oft of the ole value period. No lef* d 27,000 ide. At tnd take nnually, ind the Its from refort' for the nen had iinimer, f it in firft fet- ts name i upnit fcttle- )f Lou- fettle- uienti ments were at Port Touloufe, NefHka,i&c. The idand remained in the puflefliun of the French till 1745, when it was captur- ed by the N. England militia under the command of William Pepperell, Efq. a colonel of the militia, a.tA a fquadron un- der commodore Warr. . It i-as after- wards reftored to the French, and again taken in 1753, by admiral Bol'cawen and general Amherft, when the garrifou, con- fifting of 5600 men, were made prifoners ; and II men of war in the harbour, were either taken, funk, burnt or deftroyed ; and it was ceded to Great JBritaia by the peace of 1763. Brewer, a (Irait in the Magellanic fea, about the ifland called Staten Land, which parts it from the ftraits Le Maire. It was difcovered by the Dutch navigator Brew- er, about the year 1643. Brewers Haven, a good harbour, at the N end of the ifland of Chiloe, on the coaft of Chili, in S. America, and in the S. Sea. Lat. 4X 30, km. 74 W. Brenvington Fort, N. York, and at the W end of Lake Oneida, about 24 miles S E from Fort Ofwego. Briar Creek, a water of Savannah R. in Georgia. Its mouth is about 50 miles S £ by S from Augufta, and SS N wellerly from Savannah. Here Gen. Prevoft de- feated a party of 2000 Americans, under Gen. Afli, May 3, 1779 ; they had above 300 killed and taken, befide a great num- ber drowned in the river and fwamps. The whole artillery, baggage and ftores were taken. Bridgeport, a thriving village between Stratford and Fairfield, in FairjSeld co. Connedticut, where a poft office is kept, 304 miles from Waihington. Bridgetown, a poft town in Cumberland CO. Maine, 40 miles N W Portland, E of Fryeburg. It contains 646 inhabitants. Bridgetown conGfts of large hills and val- lies : the highland affords red oak, which are often 3 feet, and fometimes four, in di- ameter ; and 60 or 70 feet without any brandies. The vallies are covered with rock maple, bafs, afli, birch, pine and hem- lock. There is a curiofity to be feen in Long Pond, which lies moftly in Bridge- town, which may afford matter of fpecu- lation to the natural philofopher. On the eafterly fide of the pond is a cove which extends about 100 rods farther E than the general courfe of the ftiore, the bottom is clay, and fo flioal that a man may wade y3 rods into the pond. On the bottom of this rove are IWies of various iizei, which] it ij evident from various circtunAatictti have an annual motion towards the Ihore ; the proof of this is the mark or track left behind them, and the bodies of clay driv* en up before them. Some of thele Qoaet are a or 3 tons weight, and have left a track of feveral rods beliind them; ha»^ ing at lead a CMnmon cart load of clay betore them. 'I'ha fliore of the cove i« lined with thefe ftones, which, it would feem, have crawled out of the water, iiee Seitrgo Pbiid, Bridgetown, a poft town in Kent CO. Ma- ryland, lao miles N E from Wafliington, and 45 E of Baltimore, on the E line of the State. Bridgetown, the chief town in Cumber- land CO. N. Jerfey, lies on both fides Co- hamsie Creek, 20 miles from its mouth ; veffels of 100 tons can come up here, ft is so miles S S E of Philadelphia, 80 S by E from Trenton. Bridgetown^ IV, a poft town in Cumber- land CO. N. Jerfey, on Cohanzie Creek, 3j miles S of Philadelphia, and ijj from Wafliington. Bridgetown, a poft town in Queen Ann CO. Maryland, lies on the weftern fide of Tuckahoe Creek, 8 miles E from Centre- ville, as far S E from ChurcJi Hill, and 6j S W from Philadelphia. Bridgetown, in the iiland of Antigua See fVilloug/jiy Bay. Bridgetown, the metropolis of the ifland of Barbadoes, in the W. Indies, lying in the S W part of the iiland, and in the par- illi of St. Michael. It is fituated in tJic innermoft part of Carlifle bay, which is large enough to contain 5C0 fliips, being i-}£ league long and one broad ; but the bottom is foul and apt to cut the cables. This city was burnt down April 18, 1668. It fuflercd alio greatly by fires ou Feb. 8, I7j6, May i^, 1766, and Dee. 27, 1 767, at which times the greatcft part of the town was deftroyed ; before tlvefe fires it had 1500 houfes, moftly brick, very elegant, and faid to be the fineft and larg- eft in all the Caribbee ifiands ; tlMji^own has fince been rebuilt. The ftreets are broad, the houfes high, and there is alio a Chcapfide, where the rents are as high as thofe in London. It has a college, founded, and liberally endowed by Col. Codrington, the only inftitution of the kind in the W. Indies ; but it does not appear that its fuccefs has anfwered the defigns.j the founder. The town h^s commodious wharves for loading and un- loading goods, attd is wcU .defended by a nuuiber iKi'Sl feRI BRI \ iillj, ! itamber of forts ; but it i» vtry fu^jcil to hurricanei. As the wind generally blows ft-om the £ or N £, the £ part of the town is called the windward, and the W part leeward. The number of militia for Bridgetown and St. Michael's precindt is isoo men, who are called the royal regi- ment of foot guards. This is the feat of the governor, council, aflembly, and court of chancery. About a mile from town to the N' fi the governor has a fine feat built by the aiTembly, called PUgrim. The church is as large as many cathedrals, has a noble organ, and a ring of bells, with a curious clock. Here are large and elegant taverns, eating houfes, &c. anu packet boats have lately been eftablifhed to carry letters to and from Great Britain monthly. N lat. 13 ^\ W Ion. 60 z\. This was the ftate of the capital of Barbadoes in the fummer of 1780. It had fcarccly rifen from the aflies to which it had been redu- ced by the dreadful fires already mention- ed, when it W.1S torn from its foundations, and the whole country made a fcene of defolation, by tl»e ftorm of the lOth of OiSl. 1780, in which above 4000 of the inhabit- ants miferably periflied ; the force of the wind was then fo great, as not only to blow down the '^'rongcft walls, but even lifted forae piecci of cannon off the ram- parts and carry them fome yards dift- ance ; and the damage to the country in general was eftimated at /^ 1,320,504-15 fterling, and it is fcarccly yet reftored to its former fplendor. Bridgetvater, a townflijp in Grafton co. N. Hampfliire, incorporated in 1769, and contains 664 inhabitants. Brid^i-wnter, a townfhip in Somcrfet co. N. Jerfey, which contained in 179c, 2578 inhabitants. Briifgnoater, a port town in Plymouth CO. MalTachufetts, containinjj 5200 in- habitants ; 5 miles N E from Raynham ; about 30 miles E of S from Bofton, in wliich large quantities of hard ware, nails, &c. are manufaiS^ared. Briffftvialtr, a townfliip in Windfor co. Vermont, about 55 miles N E of Benning- ton. It has two religious focietics, one baptift, one congregational. It has one grift mill, one fulling mill,and fix faw mills. It IS watered by Qupchy river and its branches. A quarry of marble, and a bed ef iron ore have been found here. It has 7S0 inhabitants, and was incorporated 1785. Brldfinrt, a townfhip In Addifon co. Ver- mont, on the £ fhore of Lake Champlain, oppofiti Crown Point, and W of Middl*- bury. Briery £. a (mall fh-eam which runs into the Appomatoz, in Prince Edward co. Virginia. Brigantine Inlet, on the coaft of N. Jerfey, between Great and Little Egg Harbour. Brimfield, a townHiip in Hampfl)irc co. MalTachufetts, having 1384 inhabitants ; 34 miles S £ of Northampton, and 70 W of Bofton. Brian IJU, one of the Magdalene mara« time ifles in the gulf of St. Lawrence. Brifiol, a pofttown in Lincoln co. Maine, having ^62 inhabitants ; diftant 204 mile* N £ from Bofton, and 15 S £ of Wiicaffet. BriJIol, a county in the fouthern part of Mafl'achufetts, £ of a part of the ftate of Rhode ifland. It has 15 townfhips, of which Taunton is the chief; and 33,830 inhabitants. The great lachem Pliillip refided here ; [fee Raynbam'] ; and it was called by the Indians Pa-wiunnaiviutt ; from which the nation derived the name ; but were fometimes ftylcd the JVamponoags. Brifiol Co. in Rliode Illand, contains the townllijps of Briftul, Warren, and Bar- rington ; having 3801 inhabitants. It has Briftol CO. in MalTachufetts, on the N E, and Mount Hope bay E. Brijiol, a feaport and poft town, and chief of the above county. It is about 3 miles from the N end of Rhode I. connedt- ed by a ferry about half a mile broad : 13 miles northerly from Newport, 24 S E from Providence, and 63 from Bofton. Briftol fuffered greatly by the ravages of the late war ; but is now in a very riour- iftiing ftate, having 1678 inhabitants. It is beautiful for fituation, healthful climate, rich foil, and a commodious, fafe harbour. Onions, in confiderable quantities, and a variety of provilions and garden roots and vegetables are raifed here for exportation. N lat. 40 40. Brijlcl, a townfliip in Hartford co. Con- nedUcut, 16 miles W of the city of Hartford. BriJlol, a poft town in Bucks co. Penn- fylvania, 1 1 miles S S E from Newtown, and 20 N E from Pluladclphia. It ftands on Delaware R. oppofite Burlington, in N. Jerfey ; and has about 50 or 60 J.oufes. It is a great thoroughfare, and is noted for its mills of feveral kinds. Brifcl, a townfliip in Philadelphia co. Brijhl, a fmall town in Charles co. Maryland. Brijiol, a poft town in Addifon co. Ver- mont, 10 miks E of Vergenne*. Brif.d, Jtrljiul ribout 2(1 rated in) Brijlo^ ica, is fo f.n the i on the BRt BR I of Middle* :h runs into Edward co. ifN.Jcrfey, Harbuur. mpfliirc CO. ihabitnnts ; , and 70 W dene maracm were killed, and the others driven away. In 1764, under the prote in it« failure, has bcenof great advantage tq England. The vail countries which furround Hudfon bay, abound with animals, whofe fur and ikins are excellent. In f 670, a charter •was granted to the Hudfon bay company, which does not cpnfid of r^bove 9 or 10 perfons, for the exclulivc trade to {his bay, and they have adtcd under it ever fiaee, with great benefit to the individuals who cnmpofe the company, though com- paratively with little advantage to Brit- ain. The company employ 4 fliips, and 130 feamen. They have feveral forts, viz. Prince of Wales fqrt, Churchill river, Nelfon, New Severn, Albany, on the W tide of the bay, and are garrilbned by 1 86 men. The French, in May, J78», took and dei^royed thefe forts, and the fettle- ments, &c^ faid to amount to the value of £.500,000. They export commodities tp the value of £.16,000, and carry home returni to ttte value of £.29.340, which yield to the revenue £.3734. " This in- cludes the f)(hery in Hudfon's hay The ionly attempt to trade to that part which is called Labrador, has been diretfted to- wards the fifliery. The annual produce of the fifliery amounts to upwards of £.49,000. Sec M/gtiimaux. The whole of the fettlements in New Britain, including fuch as have been mentioned, are as fol- low, which fee under their refpe<£tiv^ heads t Abbitibbi, Frederick, Baft Main, andBrunfwickhoufes; Moofefort; Hen- ley, Olouceder, and Ofnaburg houfes ; and a houfe on Winnipeg lake ; Severn, or New Severn ; York fort, or Nelfon ,• Churchills fort, or Prince of Wales fart : South Branch, Hi)dipn's, Manchefter, and Buckingham houfes : the laft is the weft, crnmoft fettlemcnt, and lately eredled. Britain, Netu, a large ifland in the Pa- cific ocean, lying N £ of Danxpier's ftraits, between 4 and 7 S lat. and 146 and 149 ^ Ion. from Paris. Its N'^int is called Cape Stephen's ; it» £ point Cape Qr- ford ; and a bay about the middle of it$ eaftern coaft, is called Port Montague. Thcfe names were given by Capt. Carte- ret, who vifited this ifland in 1767, and found it much fmaller than was fuppofed by Dampier, who firft difcovercd it to be an ifland. There is nothing yet difcov- ercd peculiarly different in its produc- tions or its inhabitants, fromthofc of the other iflands in it? neighbourhood. It ha; the appearaiicc of a piountainous country, and is covered with large and ftntely trees. It is furrounded with ifiany fertile lliands, inoft of which arc faid to yield abundance pf plantain and copoa nut trees. B/itiJh America. Under the general liame of firitifh America, we comprehend the vaft extent of cpuntry, bpundcd S by the United States of America, and the Atlantic ocean ; £ by the fame ocean and Davis's Araits, which divide it fron^ Greenland ; extending N to the northern fimits of Hudfon bay charter ; and weft- ivard indefinitely ; lying between 4a 30 and 70 N lat. and between 50 and 96 W Ion. from Greenwich. Britifli America i divided into four provinces, viz. i. Upper Canada ; 3. Lower Canada, to which is annexed New Britain, or the country ly- ing round Hudfon bay, and the ifland of Cape Breton ; which ifland, in 1784, was formed into a feparate gpverninent by the name of Sydney. 3. New Brunfwick ; 4. Nova Seotia, to which is annexed the ifland of $t. John's. Beiide thefe, there . is the ifland of Newfoundland, which is governed by the admiral for the time be- ing, and two lieqterant governors, wh(> refide at Placentia aqd St. John's. The troops ftationed at Newfoundland, how- ever, arc fubjedl to the prders of the gov- ernor general of the fopr Britifh prov- inces. The number 9^ people in the whole of the northern Britifli colonies is perhaps 160,000 or 180,000. Since the four provinces have been put under a general governor ; the governor of each is ftyled lieutenant governor. The Vc^i- dence pf the general governor is at Que- bec. The river St. Lawrence remains ufually locked up one half of the year ; and although, in 1784, it was confidently faid, that the Britifh provinces would be able in three years to fupply all the Weft Indies with lumber and provifions, yet it was found neceffary to import lumber and provifions into Nova Scotia, from the U. States. Thus, in 1790, there were flup- ped from the U. S. to Nova Scotia, alone, 540,000 fceti BRO BflO 540,cco (laves and heading; 924,980 feet of board*; 485,006 fliinglei, and 16,000 hoops; 40,000 bbls. of bread and flour; I and 80,000 buflielt of grain, beyond her ') own confumption; Newfoundland fur- niflied the Britifli W. Indies with 806,459 quintal* of fifli, on au average of four years, ending with 1786. The only pro- viiions exported to Jamaica, from Canada, N6va Scotia, and St. John's, between 3d of April, 1 783, and a6th of 0«3ober, 1784, •irere 180 bilOieli of potatoes,' and 751 jhhds'. and about 500 bbls. of failed fifh. Of lumber, the Quantity wa* 510,088 feet ;. 30 bundles of hoops; and 301,334 ihingics ; and On an average of 5 year*, from 176S to 177^, the whole exports to Jamaica, from Canada, Nova Scotia, and St. J6hn's, Were only 33 bbU of flour, 7 hhds. of fifli, 8 bbls. of oil, 3 bbls of tar, pitch and turpentine ; 36,000 fliingle* and flavcs, and 17,335 feet of lumber. From the cuflom houfe returns it appears that of X3o8 cargoes of lumber and pro- vifions imported from N. America, to the Britifli fugar colonies, in 177a, only 7 of thofe cargoes were from Canada and Nova Scotia ; and that of 701 topfail veflels and j68i floops, which had cleared outwards from N. America, to the Britifli, and for- eign, W. Indies, only 3 of the topfail vef- fels, and 11 of the (loops were from thefe provinces : and it has been proved, that in the years 1779, ^780, 1781, and 1781, the fcarcity in Canada had been fuch, as to occaflon the export of all bread, wheat, and flour, to be prohibited by authority ; and in 1784, when a parliamentary in* quiry took place concerning what fupplics the W. Indies might expedk from Canada and Nova Scotia, a fliip in the river Thames was aiStually loading with flour for Quebec. Edtuardt. Broadalbin, a townfhip in Montgomery CO. N. York, about 30 miles W of Ball- town Springs. Broad Bay, in Maine.lies on the line of Lincoln and Hancock counties, bounded by Pemaquid Point on the W, and Pleaf- ant Point on the £. On the fhore of this bay was an ancient Dutch fettlement. Broadjitld, a pofl town in Weftmoreland en. Virginia, 96 miles from Wafliington. Btoadiill, a pod town in Suflex co. Del- aware, 166 miles from Wafliington, and about 10 N of Lewi flown. Broad River, is an arm of the fea, which extends along the W and N W ftdc* of Beaufort or Port Royal ifland, on the coafl of S. Carolina, and receives Coofa from the N W. Coofa R. may likewife be called an arm of the fea ; its waterd extend N wcflward, and meet thofc of Broad R. round a fmall illand at the mouth of Coofa Hatchec R. Thefe two arm* embrace all the iflands between Comba- hee R. and Dawfuflcee found, with which alfo Broad R. communicate*. Channel* between Broad R. and Cn.tCt form the ifland* The entrance through Broad R. to Beaufort harbour, one ot the befl in the flate, i* between Hilton'* Head and St. Phillips point. Broad River, or Cbtrakeehatv, a water of Savannah R. from the Georgia fide. Ic empties into the Savannah at Feterlburg. At a trifling expenfc, it might he made boatable 35 or 30 miles through the bcft fettlements in Wilkes county. Broad Jkiver, in S. Carolina, rife* by 3 branches from the N W, viz. the £nno- ree, Tiger, and Packolet ; which unite about 40 miles above the mouth of Saluda R. which, with Broad R. form* Congarte R. Broad R. may be rendeicd navigable 30 miles in N. Carolina. Broken Arrow, or Clay Cat/la, an Indian town in the Creek country, in Weft Flori- da, on the W fide of Chuta Uclie R. iz miles below the Ctiflitah and Coweta towns, where the river is fordable. Sec Cotieta, and Flint R. Broomlty, a townfliip in Bennington co. Vermont, about 33 miles Neaflerly from Bennington, lit has 71 inhabitants. BrcerxUy, a town in Somcrfet co. N. Jer- fcy, about 30 miles N W of Brunfwick. Srookfetd, a port town in Worccfler co. Mafliachufetts, is among the firl^ towns as to age, wealth, and numbers, in the coun- ty ; containing 3384 inhabitants. The great pofl road from Boflon to N. York runs through it. It is 64 miles W of Bof- ton and 1 8 W of Worccfler. The Indian name of this town was ^aboag. The river which ftill retains the name pafles through it ; and.like its other ftreams and ponds, abounds with various kinds of fiih. There are feveral pond* in the town, 3 congregational meeting hoofet, and one for Baptifls. Here is iron ure, and large quantities of (lone which yield copperas, and have a flrong vitriolic quality. Thi* town was fettled- b^ people frpm Ipfwich, io 16^0, and was incorporated in 1673. Aiotfie l d, a townfliip in^iinge co. Ver- mont, ac miles W S W onf«°wbury. Brotifield, a town in Chenengo co. N. York ; u has 1973 inhahitaott, 35 mile* S of Whiteflowa. BrtoifitU, »>! li RO BRO ai !• I JSiooi/u' I'tii port fo'vii in I'i«inK-Kl CO. Coiinci^icut,6 niilci N N E Jiom Danbury, Hrooi/icli/,-A town III KiTl-X cit. N. Yori, tal:i;ii friim t'le S part of Wiliflturou;;!), fUii,U»'cl N of Eliz.ihctlitowu, ou the W I):in1: of l.ukc Chutn;>l,tin. Jhin/H/t^rijr, a port (own in Amelia CO, Viigi.iia, i8j miles S S W from Walliiiig- (un. J3io»i, a CO. in Virginia, ^o? miles from W.illiington. It lias 4418 white inhabit- ant h and 28a blacks. Ji,-oci/.uivc;', a pofV town in SufTolk en. Long I. N. York, comaininji4iZl inhal- itants. Th . ompa«fl part of the tow 11 coiU.iiiis a )oiit jo houles, an Tpifcopalian, a'ld a Picfbyterian church. It is 6o.miles li of N. York ; oppofitc N. Hrivan. Brnnluhii; A port tOWIl 111 KingU CO. N. Yor!:, on the W end of Long I. having a.ir" inhabitants. Ikrc are an Epifco- pal, a Dutch Reformed and a Mcthodift churoli ; a ropcwalk on a large fcale, and ll;e inort api)iovcd n»:icliinery ; a powder- magazine, and Tome elegant h ifcj.wliich, lie ehienv on one (Ircet. Eait K. near a mile broad, it'i^irates the town from N. York. It is well fituated for fliip build- ing, having the advantage o£ very deep water along its fliore. Several fhips have been built here ; others are in forward- nefs. A bloody battle was fought in this town, Aug. 2;, 1 7 76, when the Americans were defeated bytheBritifliwith groat lofs» BrooMine, a port town in Windham co. Conneifticut, about 20 miles N of Nt)r- wich. In ihis town is the famous cave in which Gen. Putnam fl»ot the wolf. It is a fertile townfliip, has a congregational in(.'((tiiig houfe, and a church for Epifco- palians. luhabitaiits 1202. Biofiili/ie, a town in HiUlbcroiigh co, N. Ilampfliire, 65 miles \V by. S from Portl- niouth. /:ro„ii'JiiCi or Brooklyn, a pIcaHint town of Norfolk CO. Martachufetts, of about 60 or 70 families, between Cambridge and Rox- luirv, and feparated from Bofton on the ]•; by a narrow bay, which ftts up S from Charles river, juid peninfulates Borton. I^arge quantities of fruits, root's and othci^ vegetables are produced in tliis town for the Borton market. It is a phice where gentlemen of fortune and information, retiring from pubUc life, may enjoy cthim cum di^nitaU' It has 605 inhabitants. Bi-noltHlle, a fbft town in Montgomery CO. Maryland, ao miles N W from \VnSl\- Wgton. JBKolfjcrtt", aa Indiaiv village adjoining New Stockbridgc, (N. York) inlmbited by , '-out ijo Indians, who migrated froirt dilftront parts of Connedicut, under the Care of the Kev. Mr, Occum. 'i'hefc In- dians receive an ainiuity of 2160 dollars, which fuin is partly appropriated to the purpofe of maintaining a fchuol, and part- ly to cumpeafate^a fuperintendant, to tranfadV their bufincrs, and to diipofe of the remainder of their moi..iy for their bcnelit. Bioiiglitan Ifland, lies at the mouth of Al- atamaha R. in Georgia, and belonged ta the late Henry I.aurens, Efq. 1 he S chan- nel, after its feparation from the N de- fcends gently, winding by Mclntofli's and Broiighton iflands, in its way to the oceaa through St. Simon's found, Broxvnfielu, a Imall fettlement in York- CO. Maine, which, together with Suncock, contains 250 inhabitants. BrotviiJiur;r, a town in Rockbridge co. Virginijucontaining 20 or .^O houfes ; dif- taat abont 15 niik's from Lexington NE^ and 1 7 from Staunton S W. B/c ..i'li's Sound, is Htuatcd on the N W coaft of N. America, in N lat. 5J 18, W Icn. from Grceuwicli 1.^2 ao. Itwas thus named bj Capt. Gray, in 1 791, in honour of Samuel Brown, Efq. ot Bofton. The lands on the £ fide of this found are tol- erably level ; but on the W mountains rife, whofe fummits out top. tJic clouds, and wliofe wintry garb gives them a dreary afpedt. The land is well timbered with various forts of pines. The animals in the vicinity are deer, wolves,. fea otters and feals. The fifti — falmon, hahbut, and a fpccies of cod, &c. Ducks, brants, fliags^ &c. are here in plenty in fummer. Bniivhfviili, a port town in Oneida co. N. Y'ork, on Black river, N bank, near ita. mcuth in Lake Ontario, 590 miles from VV'afliinotjm. . o Bro-wnfvllh, or Rcdjlone Old fort, is a flourifliing port town in Fayette co. Penn- fylvania ; on the S eaftern bank of Mo- nongahela R. bci v/een Dunlap and Red- ftone creeks ; and next to Pittftsurg is th« mort confiderable town in the weftern parts of llio ftate. The town is regularly laid out, contains about 100 houfes, an Epifcopalian, and Roman Catholic churchj a brewery and dillillery. It is conne(!ted' with Bridgeport, a.fmall village on the op- polite fide of Dunlap creek, by a bridge 260 feet long. Within a few miles of the town are 4 Friend's meeting houfes, 24 grift, faw, oil, and fulling mills. The trade, and em'gration to Kentucky, employ boat biuldcrs. bulkier boats o| Byrd* lule of I N lat. 3| foulhcrl Waniinl Broyf\ on the I miles N| fort, an tltc cap] Bran/ BRU tt R P bulMcn here very prufitahly-; above lOO hoAt» of 10 tons each, arc biillc .innually. B^rd'k Fort formerly Ikood here, uii the S iuic of tlie month of Rtilrtone Creek, in NUt. 39 .18, W Ion. 81 i»i; 37 mile* foulhcrly from Pittlburg. ; 13 S by E of \V:in>itigtou, and 341 W of Phikdelphla. Brey/c, a harbour, cape, and fettlcment on the E fide of Newfoundland I. 15 miles N E from the Icttlcineiit of Aqua- fort, and 30 S wefterly from St. Jolui's, die capitaL Brunftuick, a maritime county in Wil- mington diftriift, N. Carolina, containing 41 10 inhabitants, of whom 1614 ore flavc». it is the moA fotitherly county of the (late, having S. Carolina on the S W and bound- ed by Cape Fear R. on the £. SmitliviUe U the feat of juflice. In this county is Wakkamaw Lalco, a beautiful piece of water 7 miles long, 5 wide. Brun/wick, the chiet town, in the above county, fituated on the W fide of Cape Fear R. It was formerly the- bed built in the whole A.ttc, and carried on the moil cxtenfive trade. It lies 30 miles above the c».pe8, about 9 miles N of Fort John- fon, 17 S E of Wilmington, and was for- merly the feat of government. In \ 780, it was burnt down by the Britilh, and haa now ouly 3 or 4 houl'es and an elegant church in ruins. Brunfwick, a townfliip in Eflex co. Ver- mont, on the W bank of Conncdlicut R. dppoftte Stratford, in N. Hampfliire. Brun/ivLi, a city in Middlefex co. N. Jerfey, on the S W bank of Raritan R. in a low fituation ; the moft of the houfes be- ing built under a hill which rifes W of the town. It has about 300 houfes, and about 3000 inhabitants, one h.iFof whom are Dutch. Queen's College was in this city, but is now ext!n>il as a place of inftruc- tion. There is a conliderablc inland trade carried on iicre. Cno of the moft elegant and expenfive bridges in Ani. tica, lias been built over the river oppoiitc this city. It contains 3 churches, i for Epifco- paiians, ) for the reformed low Dutch, I for the Prefbyterians. Brunfwick is i8 miles N E of Princetown, 60 N F. from PliiladelpLia, and 35 S W from N. York. N lat. 40 30, W Ion. 74 30. Brurfu'ici, a poft town in Cumberland CO. Maine, contains 1809 inhabitants, and Ges NE of Portland 30 miles, and of Bof- ton 151. It is in N lat. 43 52, on the S fide of Merry Meeting Bay, and partly on the S weftern fide of Androfcoggin R. A. College it in this town in a fluuri{hing ^ . n.nte, imder n prefulent andji profeffbro^ Unguagc'j. The college building ii jj feet long, 40 wide, 3 ftoriet high. Th^i funds are incrcafing with the value of land in this difiritSb. The Ir.gidature hat' given 6 townfinps, and the Hon. J. Bow- doin, lands and money to the amount of 1 0)000 doll*. It is called after him, Botv- diin Cotlige, Biiiiifwici, a poft tovm and capital of' Glynu CO. Georgia, fituated at the moutit of furtlis R. where it empties into St. .Si- mons found, N lat. 31 lb. It has a I'afe harbour, and lufTiciently capacious to con- tain a large fleet. Although there is a bar at the entrance of the harbour, it has- depth of water for the largeft diip that fwims. The town i.^ regularly laid out, but not yet built. From its advantageou*- fituation, and from the fertility of the back country, it promifes to be one of the moft commercial and flourifliing places in the ftate. It lies 19 miles S of Darien, 60 S S W from Savannah, no S E from Louifville, 7iz from Wafliington. Biun/kvkk Houfe^ one of the Hudfon Bay Company's fcttlcments, fituated on Mooie R. lialf way from its mouth ; S W from James's Bay, and N £ from Lake Superior. N lat. 50 30, W Ion. 82 30. Brunfivuk, Ndw, one of the four Britifli provinces in N. America, is bounded on the S by the N fliorcs of the bay of Fuu- dy, and by the river Mifllquafli to its fijurcc, and from thence by a due E line to Vcrte Bay ; and on tlie W by a fine to run due N from the main fource of St. Croix P.. in Paflainaquoddy, to the higK lands which divide the ftrcams which faU - into the river St Lawrence, and the E.iy of Fuudy ; and from thence by the foutL- crn bound:;rv of the colony of Quebec until it toiicfjes the fea fljore at the welt- cm extremity of the bay of Chaleur ; tiien following the courfe of the fca fliore t\» the bay of Vcrte, (in the ftraits of Nor- thumbeiland) until it meets the termina- tion of the eaftern line produced from the fource of the JVIiffiqu;ifli abovementioncd; including all tlie iflands within the faid limits, i'he chief towns aie St.^oin'j, the cxphal, FrfAiicito-rfn, Sf. Audritus, r.nd St. Aiin,t\\ii pre fcnt feat of governr ;nt, The principal ri\ers are St. John's, Ma^je- gadavick, or Eaftern R. Dickwa'^'et, St. Croix, Merimlchi, Pctitcodlac, Mcmram- cook ; all, the 3 laft excepted, empty into Paflamaquoddy Bay. St. John's R. opcnv a vaft extent of fine country, on whicix are rich Li;tcrvalc8 r.nd ia:cauow lands ; ,i ; 1 j id!' !| ft p'j-' t r^iii''! Bud inod of which are fettled and under im- |>roveinent. The upland i< in general well timbered. The trees are pine and fpruce, hemlock and hard wood, princi- pally beech, birch, maple, and fome afli. The pinei on St. John's R. are the Urged to be met with in Britifll America, and siTord 1 confiderable fupply of lualis for the royal navy. The rivers which fall in- to PaflUmaquoddy Bav, have intervales and meadows on their banks, and muft formerly have been covered with a large growth of timber ; as the remains of large trunks arc yet to be feen. A raging fire }>afled through that country, in a very dry iiafon, according to Indian accounts, 50 years ago, and fpread dedrudlion to an immenfe extent. For other particulars refpedling this province, fee the articles fcparately, and N»va Stotia, Brili/h Amtri- ea, &c. Brunfwiti Co, in Virginia* lies bcttvecn Nottaway and Mcherrin rivers, and is about .^Smiles long, and 35broad,and con- tains69i7 free inhiibitants,and 9422 (laves. Brutu/, a military townfliip in N. York, through which runs Seneca R. Here the rivc'r receives the waters of Owafco L. from the S E through the towns of Aure- lius and Scipio. Brutus lies 11 miles N £ from the N end of Cayuaga Lake, and 19 S S £ from Lake Ontario. Bryan, a CO. in Georgia, adjoining Chat- ham CO. on the W and S W. It contains a8.i6 inhabitants, 2306 of whom are flaves. Bryant's Lid, a S E branch of Green R. the mouth of which is about 17 miles £ of Craigs Fort, and 10 £ of Sulphur Spring in Mercer co. Kentucky. Bueifield, a poll town m Cumberland co. Maine, 48 miles N of Portland. It has 1 00a inhabitants. Buck Hariour, in Hancock co. Maine, lies W of Machias. Snekingbam Haufe, in New South Wales, lies N wefterly from Hudfon Houfe, and ftandt on the northern fide of Salkalhaw- en R. near its fource, and is the wefbern- moft of all the Hudfon Bay Company's fet- tlements. N lat. 54, W Ion. no ao. Buckingham, a CO. of Virginia, bounded N by James' R. S £ by Cumberland, S W by Campbell, and S by Appamattox R. It is 65 miles long, 30 broad, and contains 7053 free inhabitants, and 6336 flaves. Its court houfe, where a pod office is kept, is 223 miles from Walhington. B"ckin9hamfiire, a countv in the diftrift of Three Rivers in L. Canada, on tht S &de of St. La\vrence river. BUE Butt Jfjni one of tht leflTer Virgin Iflei^ fituated on the B of St. Thomas, in St. James's PalTage. Lat.i8 i5N,lon.63 30 W. Bkitkland, a townihip in Hamplnire co. MafTachufetts, containing 104 1 inhabit- ants; 106 miles wedvvard from fiodon, 24 N W of Northampton. Byekland, a town in Prince William co. Virginia, wher6 a pod office is edablidied, 4-. miles S W of Wafhington. ButklfPotun, in B«r]Kley co. Virginia, is k village 8 miles didant from Martinftrurg, and 2J0 from Philadelphia. Buckj Co. in Pennfylvania, lies N N E from Philadelphia. It is fcparated from N. Jerfey by Delaware R. 6n the S E and N E and has Northampton co. on the N W. It contains 2 7,496 inhabitants. Bucks is st well cultivated county,containing 41 1,900 acres of land, and is divided into 28 town- fliips, the chiif of Which is Newtown. It abounds with limcdonej and in fome placed are found iron and lead ore. There! IS a remarkable hill in the N end of ihti county called Haycock, in the townihip of the fume hame. It is 15 miles in cir- cumference, having a gradual afcent, and from its fummit is a delightful profpedl. The waters of Tohickon Creek wafli it on all (ides except the wed. BuckJIoviH, a pod town in Hancock co. Maine, on the £ fide of Penobfcot R. con^ tains 624 inhabitants ; 27 miles N of Caf« tine. Bucktoivn, in Dorcheder co. Mary" land; lies between Blackwater andTranf- quacking creeks, 12 miles from their mouths at Fidiing Bay, and 8^ miles S E from Cambridge. BuJJt ratify, a place in Morris co. N. Jerfey, on the head waters of Raritan. Bmnaire, one of the Leeward Ides in the W. Indie*. It is fmall ; lies eadward of Cura^a, and belongs to the Dutch. Buenot Ayret, is one of the mod confid- erable towns in S. America, and the only place of traffic to the fouthward of Brazil. It is the capital of La Plata, in the Sdi- vifion and province cf La Plata. S lat. 34 3J. W Ion. SI 54' Its fituation on the fouth fide of the river La Plata, on a gen- tle eminence, is healthy and pleafant, and the air temperate. Back of the city, from fouthwed to foutheaft, is Pampas Plain, of 300 miles extent, in condant verdure, interfperfed with country feats, producing few trees, much grafs, on which fubfid in- numerable h.orfes and cattle. Towards the north, the great river fpreads like a, fpaciout fea, the oppofite diore being be- vond Toad th in circu fquarcs 30 or 4( houfes I with a BUE BUI' .Tosd the reach of the eye. It if 7 milct in circumference, and rt-guliiily built in fquarct uf about 100 feet. Its (Irccts arc 30 or 40 feet wide, and very dirty ; the hrmfet one ftnry high, chiefly of brick, with a court in tha middle, and each is iiccumniodated with a gardun. The num- ber of iniiabitants is eAimatcd vaiioufly, at 15,000, .^o/X}0, and i'ome late accimnt* fay 100,003; many of them are flavuK. One fide of the town is defended by a furtrefs with a garrifun. T'hc town Aands i3o mile» from the fea. The mail comes in once a mnnth from Lima. In afccnding the river, it is necelTary to anchor ev^ry night ; and on the molt moderate days a pilot muft go to found the way for the fliip, on account of the Ihallawaefs of the water, and the Aiifting of the channel. After having furmounted thefe difBcultics, tlie fliips arc obliged, at the diOancc of three leagues from the town, to put their goods on board fome light veflTel, and to go and refit, and to wait for their cargoes at Incunado de Barrngan, fituated 7 or 8 leagues below. This city was creAcd in> to a bifliopric in the year i6ao. The tri* bunal of the Royal Audience was found* ed 1663, extingiiiOiifd a flew years after, and re-cfVabliflied in 178.I. The buildv ings, although of brick, are handfome, commodious, and many truly elegant. There are 16 churches, 11 of which are lar^e and rich ; s convent*, and 2 monaf- teries, a hofpitals with rich funds, i fov men and the other for women, i found- ling hofpital, I college, ar.d i academy for teaching geography, navigation and draw^ ing. Mere we meet with the merchants of Europe and Peru ; but no regular fleet comes here ay to the other parts of Span, ilh America ; a, or at moft 3, regider fliips, make the whole of their regular inter- courfe with Europe. The returns are chiefly gold and filver of Chili and Peru, fiigar and hides. Thofe who have now and then carried on a contraband trade to this city, have found it more advanta- geous than any other whatever. The contraband traders carry dry goods, and take in return hides, tallow and copper. The benefit of this contraband is now wholly in the hands of the Portuguefe, who keep magazines for that purpofe, in fuch parts of Brazil as lie near this coun- try. The moft valuable commodities come here to be exchanged for European goods, fuch as Vigogma wool from Peni, copper from Coquimbo, gold from Chili, and fil- ?er from Potofi. From thp towns of Co- ricntei nnd Paraguay, the former ijo.fhe latter joo leagues from Uueno* Ayrcs, are brought hither the fined tobacco, fugars, cotton, thread, yellow wax, and cotton cloth ; .and from Paraguay, the herb, fo called, and fo highly valuccf, being a kind of tea drank all over S. America by the better fort s which one branch is compu> ed to amount to a million of plcccii of eight, annually, all paid in goodB,oo money being allowed to pafs here. The com- merce between Peru and Buenos Ayres is chiefly for cattle aiid mule* to .in immenCe value. When the EngliOi had the advan- tage of the Ailiento contract, ne^ro flaves were brought Itither by facSlors, and fold to the Spaniards. It was founded by Don Pedro dc Mendosa, in i J3j, but after* wards abandoned. In 1544, another col- ony of Spaniards came here, who left it alio ; but it was rebuilt in xj8s, and ie at prefent inhabited by Spaniards and native Americans. The air i; pure and healthy, particularly in the winter fcafon, which begins in June, with mucli rain, at which time the thunder and lightning are fo vio- lent, that it is neceflaiy to he accuAooied to the country before one can live with- out fear. The heat of the fun io the fum- mer is ten?pered by refreHiiog breezes from the river. The country abounds with all kinds of fruit which can fatisfy the appetite of man ; among which are apples, pears, peaches, apricots pomegran*- ates, quinces, S^, grapes, oranges, kmons, limes, and all kinds of melons. The vine u cultivated here, and fome very delicious wines are made ; but in general the wine is difagreeable to thofe not accuAomed tq it> See La Plata Jl. and previnct. Buffaloe Lake, in Britifli America, is near Copper Mine &• ^ lat. 62 30, W Ion. from Greenwich no. The Copper Mine In- dians inhabit this country. SuffaUe Lid See Great Rldgf. Buffaloe Creri, in N. York, is a water of Niagara R. from the £ into which it emp- ties, near its mouth in Lake Erie. The Seneca Indians, 800 in number, have a town and referyatiou of land, 5 miles from its mouth. This Creek is navigable Smiles. N lat. 42 52. Jiujfaloe, i townfliip W of Sufquehanna R. in Pennfylvania. See Jforihumlttrland County. Buffake R. in Teneflee,runs S wcftward into I'cnoflee R. in N lat. ^^ 10. Bvffalne R, a water of the Ohio, which it enters at the S bank, 60 miles above the mouth of the Wabafli. ■ ' » BuffaUt I. 'I m\ '■1'' ij »;', 1.1 m\ ■B -U R 3TF11 m . ■fr-.i^ '■!;. !i f-ij 'hii.!;! ' Hufahe tutv Lands, a traifl of land in ■JTorthun>'>e*Iand Co. Pehnfylvania, about *8 miles S E from Prefque Ifle. Buffaloe Sioamp, m Pennfylvania. See 'Great Stuamp. Bvckarelli, Point, on the N W coaft of N. America, lie? in the 54th degree of N lat. and 89th of W Ion. and forms the N eaft- ern fide of Dixon's Entrance, as Wadiing- ton or Queen Charlotte's Illands form its S weftern fidft. Butfiiieb's HarLour, fo '...'iisd by Capt. Tngraham, oathe N W coaft of j^merica, Ke» in N lat. 46 S^h, W Ion. 113 j\. BuUits Lid, lies on Salt K. in Ken- tucky, from which fatt fprings the river takes itt name. It lies 20 miles from the Rapids of the Ohio, near Saltfbiirgh ; and is the firft thi;t was wo ked in the ceuntry. Bnllittf a CO of Kentucky, containing 3446 inhabitant.\ 944 are fiavei. Bull IJland, one if the % iflands which form the N parr of Charlefton harbour, S. Carolina. Bnlloek, a f J. of Georgia, divided into 4 towns, and contains 191 j inhabitants, of whom 469 are flaves. Bulloek'i Point and Nfs', on the eaftern ■fide of Providence R. Rhode I. Balls Bay, or Buboul Bay, a noted bay in Kewfoundl&nd I. a little to the S of St. John's harbour, on the E tide of that ifland. h has 14 fathom water, and is vpry lafe, being land locked. The only danger is a Tock, so yards from Bread and Cheefe Point, another with 9 feet water ofF Mo- •jotty Cove. Lat. 50 50 N, Ion. 57 to W. Bnllt J^ani, a ffnaU ifl« 1ry. It has 4 entrances over bridges and caufeways, And a quan- tity of bank meadow adjoining. The main ftreets are conveniently fpaciouH, aod mpftly ornairented with row&of tree^ 'Hie '"{ 3 .;'.' • BUS BYF tjuan- The The town Is oppofite Briftol In Pentifyl- vania, where the river is about a mile wide. Under the fhelter of Mittinlcunk feud Burlington iflands, is a fafe harbour, commodioufly fituated for trade ; but too near the opulent city of Pliiladelphia to admit of any confiderable increafe of for- eign comnierce. Burlington was firll fet- tled in 1 677. Mittinicunk I. belongs to the free fchool, and yields a yearly profit oi £iSo. Nlat. 408. Burlington, a towufliip on the eaftern fide of Unadilla R. in Otfego co. N. York, is II miles W of Cooperftown ; 438 of its inhabitants were eledlors in 1796. Burlington, a new townfliip in Middle- fex CO. Maflachufetts, taken from Woburn, about 1 2 miles N of Buflon, incorporated 1799- Burlington Bay, the weftern pomt of Lake Ontario, is perhaps as beautiful and romantic a fituation as any in interior A- merica, particularly if we include with it a mardiy lake which falls into it, and a nohle promontory that divides them. This lake is called Coot's Paradifc, and abounds with game. From the head of the lake following the fliores of the Onta- rio, we proceed caftward along the bor- ders of the county of Lincoln, a very fine and populous fettlement; confifting of ao town(hips, containing about 6000 fouls, and furniihing 5 batallions of militia. There are many fmall rivers which fall into the lake between Burlington bay, and Niagara ; the moft beautiful of which are thole called the Twelve and rheTwen- ty, Thefe rivers pnevioufly to their flow- ing into the lake, fpread behind a beach which impedes their courfe.and the dream finding only a fmall outlet into the lake, is ponded back, and forms a fpacious bal'on within; the banks are high but not broken, and generally covered with fine pine trees. Burnt Coat I/land. See Penobfcot Bay. Burfontoivn, a poft town in Bucks co. Pennfylvania. £.rrville,z.^o^ town in Anderfon CO. Teneflee, 570 miles frpm Wafliiiigton. Burton, a fmall townfliip in Grafton co. N. Hampfliire, which was incorporated in 1766, and contains 141 inhabitants. Burton, a townfliip in the Britifli prov- ince of N. Brunfwick, fituated in Suubury CO. on the river St. John. Bufey toivn, in the iflandx>f St. Domin- go, lies near Port au Prince, and has a fort. Bujh Totun. See Harford, Maryland, Biijbivich, a fmall, but plcafant town, in King's CO. Lior.j I. N. York. The ialiajit- Voi,.I. I ants, 540 In number, are chiefly of Dutch extratStion ; 99 of thefe are elc(5lors. Bujby Run, a N E branch of Sewickly Creek, near the head of which is Gen.Bo- quet's Field. The creek runs S wellerly into Youghiogeny R. ao miles S E from Pittfljurg, in Pennfylvania. Bujiard R. in Upper Canada, falls Into St. Lawrence R. S wcftward of Black R. in a bay of its own name. It runs a great way inland, and has communication witn feveral lakes ; and at its mouth lie the Ofiers Iflands. N lat. 49 30, W ion 68 5. BuJIUton, a poft town in Philadelphia co. Penn. about ib miles N W of the city. Butler, a CO. of Pennfylvania, containing 3916 Inhabitants. It is divided into 4 townfliips. Butkr's Town,on the W fide of the head waters of the Ohio. Butterhill, a high round hill, on the W bank of Hudfon river, at the northern en- trance of the Highlands. In palling this hill, afcending the river, the paflenger is prefented with a charming view of N. Windfor and Newburgh. Butternuts, a poft town In Otfego co N. Yoik, 25 miles SW of Cooperftown. It has 1388 inhabitants. Button t Bay, in the W part of Hudfon bay, N of, and near to Churchill R. Sir Thomas Button loft his fhip here, and came back in a floop built in the country. Button s IJlci lie on the fouthern fide of Hudfon ftraits, at the entrance off Cape Chidley. Buxahons, an Indian town on the N W bank of Alleghany R, nearly aj miles from Fort Franklin, at its mouth. Buxton, a townfliip in York co. Maine, on Saco R. 8 miles N weftirly from Pep- perelborough, and 118 miles N E of Bof- ton; containing 1938 inhabitants. Buzzard's Bay,'\n Maflachufetts, togeth- er with Barnftable Bay on the N E form the peninfula whofe extremity is called Cape Cod. It lies between N lat. 4,1 15, and 41 42, and between 70 38, and 71 10, W Ion. from Greenwich, running into the land about 30 miles N E by N, and its breadth at an average is about 7 miles. Its entrance has Sealconet Point and rocks W, and the Sow and Pigs ofl^ the S W end of Cuttahunk, one of the Elizabeth ifl- ands, on the Eaft. Byherry, a townfliip in Philadelphia CO. Pennfylvania, 579 inhabitants. Byfield, a parifli partly in Newbury, partly in Rowley, Maflachufetts. It lien at tki bead of the tide on Parke^rivcr, 1. •■■...■ , . which 1. i CAB CAI jg|lf; I iK, ;# which runs through the N part of the par- ilh ; Smelt R. being its (outhern boundary It isi generally level, with a few command- inghills; itis much intcrfedtcd with brooks and rivulets, and lias Crane Pond, which h deep, and well Aored with tifli, covering 100 acres, at the N W corner. The falls on Parker, or Frcflj R. as it is called above Jhe tide, afford excellent mill feats. There are lo grift mills, where great quantities of grain are purchafed from N. Hampfliire and Vermont ; the meal ami flour are Culd in Newburyport and the vicinity. There are alfo a faw mills, i oil mill, i InufFmiU, with a Lirge number of mortars, and one fulling mill, bclide * woollen manufatft>)ry, which can employ lOO hands. Tholarg- eft building is 90 Uvft by 30, three flrories high, furniflied vii'Ai /;iirdin<; macliines, and all the .tpparatus for mauufadbiring woollen cloths. The greater part of the inhabitants are farmers, but large numbers are employed in making llu)cs for export- ation. The ])lace is noted for the variety and excellence of its poais and winter ap- ples ; and vaft quantities of peat' are dug from its meadows. Dunimer Academy is in this parifli,pleafantly lituated on a large road leading from Newburyport to Salem and Bofton. It ha»a library of well chol- en books, funds to fupport 2 inftrucftors, and nothing is required for tuition. When the Newburyport turnpike is co'npleted,it will be 4 miles S W from Newburyport, and a6 N £ from Bofton. Byram R. is a fmall ftream, only notice- able as forming part of the weftern boun- dary «)f Conne dticut. It falls into Long I. found, oppofite Captain's Iflands. Byran ToTcn, inCharles CO. Maryland, is about 9 miles N R from Port Tobacco ; and 14 S E from the Federal City. Byrd, Ford, lies on the eaftcrn bank of Monongahela R ; on the S (ide of the mouth of Red Stone Creek ; .^5 miles S from Pittft)urg, and about 29 N W from Ohiopyle Falls, On or near this fpot ftands the compadl part of the town of Brownfville. N lat. 39 58, W Ion. 81 la. Byron t Bay, on tlie N E coaft of Labra- dor. ^AB.INHAS, a co. in the diftrit^ of SaU iHiury, N. Carolina. It contains 5061 peo- ple, 695 being in Ahvery. The court houfe, where a poft office is kept, is 439 miles from Wafliington. Cabclo, or Cah.'lh, a cape on the coaft of Terra Firma, in S. America. Nlat. 103. G^Mrt Ftint, a fm&ll poll town in Surry CO; Virginia, fituated on Uppef Chipo^k creek, a6 miles E S E of Peterftiurgh, fUj from Portfmouth, and 329 S S W of Phi- ladelphia. Nlat. 37. Cabode Cruz, a bold pointofland on the Sfide of the illand of Cuba. N lat. 19 57. CaiodeSt.yiian, the Neaftenimoft point of the idandof Porto Rico. K lat. 18 30. Ciibot, a townftiip in Caledonia co. Ver- mont. It is iltuated on the height of land between Lake Champlain and Con- neiSticut B 8i*x)ut 17 miles from the 15 mile tatd m tlie above named R. and con- taim 349 hihal>itants. Cabot's Head, a promontory cztcndinff far into Lake Huron, W of Olocefter, and embays a large part of the lake, at itf eafteru extremity, ftretohing towards the Manitou illands. Smyth. Cabelljlurg, a port town in Amhcrft co. Virginia, arj miles from Wafliington. Vuliron, Capf, the N I') point of Prcfque I(lc deSainana,in the- rflaiid of St.Domin- go, %i league* S E by E of old Cape Fran- (^ois, N lat. 19 33. Ciicap.ljon, a river of Virginia, which runs about 70 miles N cafttrly along the wcftcrn iidc of Nortli Ridge, and cinpciet into Potowniack R. 30 miles N from fredcrickftown. 6'(/i.i;w,^;^o, a large R. in Peru,S. Amerii- ca, which falls into the ocean within i lengucs of I^a Plata. C(/a';=:,a town on the N fide of the ifland of Culia, near t'-o miles E of Havannah, and JO N from Spiritu Santo. Caen, the chief city of Cayenne, ia French Guiana, in S. America. See Cw yenne, Caeniarvan,A townfliip in Lancafter coi, Pennfylvania,has 94a inhabitant". Cafaren R. or C(,Ij,iiiJ',c C>f,,i, in N. Jcrfey, empties into Delaware Bay, after a S wes- terly courlc of about 30 miles. It is nav- igable for vclltls of 100 tom as far a* Bridgetown, 20 miles from its mouth. Ci:nhne'Kv.iga,Si tribe of Indians in Lower Canada, fonie of whom inhabit near iVIoiUrcal. Caghtu-ivaga, the name of a fmall village or parifli on the N lide of Mohav.k R. in the townHiip of Johnftown, about 24 miles W of So!icnci*^ady. It is not im- probable thar the tribe of Indians men- tioned in the preceding article formerly inhabited this place. Sec 'Johnjioiun. dZiei(/(i,a poll town in tlic Indiana ter- ritory, N of Kalkaflcias, 963 miles front Wafliington. 6'(» Ira, a port town in Amelia co. Vir- ginia, 190 iniict from Wafliington. Ca IrSf, CAL Ca Ir*, the chief town of Sumner co. Teneflec. A name that perpetuates the remembrance of political foIJy. Caijlor, a townlhip in the co. of Lincoln, U. Canada, between Binbrdok and Gaiuf- borough, watered by ihc river Welland. Smytl). Calabeza, a town of S. America, in Ter- ra Firma, on Oroonoco R. Caleaylaret, a jurifdidlion in Peru, fuh- jedt to the bifliop of Cufco,about 4 leagues W of that city ; exuberant in all kinds of grain and fruits, and fugar equal to any of the refined fugars of Europe. Former- ly it produced 80,000 arohas ; but the quantity is now faid to be much Icfs. Ca/aw, a townfliip in Caledonia co. Ver- mont , 30 miles N W of Newbury. It has 443 inhabitants. Caldwell, a town in N. Jerfcy, between Newark and MorriUown. Caledonia, Neiv, a very large ifland in the Pacific ocean, S W and not far diftant from the New Hebrides, fnft difcovered Wy Capt. Cook, in 1774. It is about 87 le.tgu«s long; its breadth is various, and no where exceeds ten leagues. It is in- habited by a race offtout, tail, well pro- portioned Indians of a fwarthy or dark tfh^fliMt brown. A few leagues diflant are i, .mall iflands, called ifland of Pinet and Botany ifiaod. Cal.'hnia Co. is Vermont, contains 24 townf lips, and hasConnedlicut R. SE, Or- leans and Chittenden counties N W ; Ef fex CO. N F., and Orange co. S W. It con- tains 9377 inhabitants. Caledonia, a port on the ifthmus *r^a- rien, 45 leagues N W from the rive. At- rato It was attempted to be eflablifli.'d by the Scotch nation in 1698, and had a: firft all the promifing appearances ol'luc- cefs ; but the Englifli, influenced \y, .: .r- row national prejudices, put every im pediment in their way ; which, joined to the unhcalthintfs of the climate, deftroy- ed the infant colony. See Batten. Call, a. city of New Granada, S. .Amcri- ca,fituated onthe river Cauca. The fla- ?lc port for this city, as alio for thufe of opayan, Santa Fe, and the fouthern parts of Terra Firma, is Bonaventura in the dillridl of Popayan. The road by lai.d from that port is not paflablc for beads of burden; fo that travellers with ihcir baggage, are carried on the backs of In- dians in a chair, with which weight they crofs rivers and mountaius, being entire- ly flaves to the Spaniards, who thus fub- (titute them in the room of horfcs and mules. N lat. 3 15, W ion. 76 30. CAL CalilogU JR. and Sound, on the coaft of S. Carolina, form the outlet of May and New rivers. California, an extenfivc peninfula of N. America, lying between the tropic of Can- cer and the 38 o N lat. waflied on the E by a gulf of the fame name, and on the W by the Paci/ic ocean, or great S Sea ; ly- ing witiiin the three capes or limits of Cape St. liUcas, the river Colorado and Cape Blanco de San Sebaftian, which it called its wefteru limit. The (^ulf which waflits it on the E called the gulf of Cali- fornia, is an arm of the Pacific ocean, in- tercepted between Cape Corientesou the one fide, andCapcSt.I.ucas on the other; that is between Mexico nr New Spain on the N E and that of California on the W. 'I'he length of California is abont 300 leagues, in breadth it bears no propor- tion, not being more than 40 leagues a- crofs, from fea to tea. The country is very fruitful, abounds with domcftic ani- mals, brought thi;hcr originally from Spain, and with iome wild animals not known in Old or New Spain. The cli- mate isfultry, the heat in fummer being cxceflively fevcre. I he Roman Catho- lics have met with confiderablefucccfs in converting the CaIitorni.'.n» to Chriftian- ity. The chief town is St. Juan. The Miflionaries are fupported at vafl cxpenfe for the purpofe of extending civilization and ehriftianity through thefe dreary 'bodes of favage pagani*""!!. They per- form the laborious ic/ vi; e with alacrity I : 1 prudence. They treat their converts : , chi'Jrjn, futnifh them with fupport a -ii eriipioymcnt. They have made fomc advance in the irts of civil life, are hap- py, denying rhemfelves their former li- centious ; Tadlices. They appear devout, chade and honelt : tiieft is unknown among tl em. Let Proteftants go and do likewife. Cortes difcovered this country in 1536 ; but .Si- Francis Drake was the firfl who took pofielfion of it, in IJ78 ; and his rij^'.t .«, of the Increaff of population, tiitl for other reafons, an act of the puiviniial ;>arli imc;!t has l.itely ]y\l\', A fur the f .; 'V.er (livif- icn of rhe jMovincf, liy -vhioh the d^ftrKts are divided into twice titeix ibraier uuniljcr. '1 ['■Xi iVtS ,f CAN CAN Ii'M iff m |i VJ, i|" §rt a paraltclogram of 9 by xi niil«g. From the lake St. Francis, up the St. Law* xcnce to lake Ontario, the northern bank of the river, is laid out in regular coun- ties and town(hips ; the land is for the mod part fertile, and under as high a (late ot cultivation as can he expetSled from the time it has been fettled ; the iirft improve- ments being made flnce the peace in 1783, \rhcn all was in a (late of nature, and heavily timbered. There arc now be- tween 30 and 40 mills in the extent men- tioned on this river, the mod remarkable of which are on the Oananoque. Gogd toads have been opened and bridges well conftrudted ; fomc of them over wet lands, and the mouths of creeks and rivers of very cunfiderable extent ; and the iird fcttlcrs have been able, by their very great iududry,to ereiftcomfortable houfes. In the rear of thefe towndiips on the St. Lawrence are upwards of twenty others, iu which fettlements have commenced, to the fouthward of the Ottawa or Grand xiver, which many ot them front ; others ■re well fupplied by the waters of the Radeau.and river Petite Nation, with the Gananoque lakes and dreams, all of which ail()rd abundance of filuations for mills. Tlicfe rivers, like mod others in Canada, abound in carpe, fturgeon, perch, and cat fiili ; the ponds adbrding green and other turtle, with fifli of various foris. The lands in their vicinity are differently tim- bered according to their quality and fltu- ation. The dry lands, which arc gener- ally high, bear oak and hickory ; the low grounds produce walnut, am, poplar, ctierry, fycamore, beach, maple, elm, /kc and in feme places there are fwamps full of cedar and cyprefs. The banks of mod of the creeks abound in fine pine timber, and the creeks themfelves afford in gen- eral good feats for faw mills ; materials for building are readily procured. The heads of the rivers Radcau, and Fetlte Nation, communicate by fliort portages, or carrying places, with the w.tters tnat fall into the St. Lawrence, and promife to afford great advantages to all kinds of inland communication. The forks of the Radeau, ubvvt which aic the townfliips of Oxford, Marlborough, and Gower, promife to hr ;ti ^ tri(S):s, (which are Atbdivided into coun« ties and townllups) viz. Mortreal, next to U. Canada ; Tiree Ri'vin, adjoining it on the E ; ^ebec, next eadward. Thcfe three didritSts extend acrofs L. Canada, from N to S, and are interfciJled by the St. Lawrence. E of Quebec Didridl, ex- tending along the N bank of the St. Law-> rence to its mouth, is Nortbumierlani, and on the S fide oppodte is Comioallls ; £ of which is the didridl and county of Gafpte, on the point of land, furrounded on the N, E, S, and S W, by the St. Lawrence river and gulf, and the Bay of Chaleurii. Of Canada in general, embracing both provinQcs, it may be faid, that winter continues with fuch feverity, from De- cember to April, as that the largcd river* are frozen over, and the fnuvv lies com- monly from four to (ix feet deep during the winter. But the air is fo ferene and clear, and the inhabitants fo well defend- ed againd the cold, that thi» fcafon is nei- ther unhealthy nor unpieafant. The fpring opens fuddcniy, and vegetation is furprifingly rapid. The fummer is de- lightful, except that a part of it is ex- tremely hot. Though the climate be cold, and the winter long and tedious, the foil is in general very good, and in many partt both pleafant and fertile, producing wheat, barley, rye, with many other forts of grain, fruits and vegetables; tobacco, in particular, thrives well, and is much cultivated. The ifle of Orleans, near Quebec, and the lauds upon the river St. Lawrence, and other rivers, are remark- able for the richnefs of the foil. The meadow grounds in Canada, which are well watered, yield excellent grafs, and feed great numbers of great and fm:ill cat- tle. From Quebec, to Montreal, which is about 1 70 miles, in failing up the river St. Lawrence, the eye is entertained with beautiful landlcapes, the banks being in many places very bold and deep, and fliadcd with lofty trees. 'I'he farms lie pretty clofe all the way, f>;vcral gentle- men's houfes, neatly built, lliew them- felves at intervals, and there is all the appearance of a flourifliing colony. Ma- ny beautiful illands are interlperfcd in the channel of the river, which have an agreeable effedb upon the eye. By the Quebec atfl, pafl'ed by the Parliament of Great Britain in the year 1791, it is en- acted, that there fliall be wl:hin each of the provinces of Upper and Lower Can- ada, a lejiidative couucil, and an aifembly, who, -■«' CAM ; VrliOiWith the confcnt of the governor, ap- pointed by the king, fliiill have power to make laws. The Icgillative council is to coiifift of not fewer than 7 members for Upper, and 15 for Lower Canada ; to be fummoned by the governor, who mult be authorised by the king. Such memlMjrs are to hold their feats for life ; unlefs for- feited by 4 years continual abfence, or by fwearing allegiance to fome foreign pow- er. The houfe of .Tflembly is to confift of not lefs than i6 members from Upper, and not lefs than 50 from Lower Canada ; chofen by the freeholders in the feveral towns and diftri«5ts. The council and af- fembly are to be called together at leaft once in every year, and every afi'embly is to continue 4 years, unlefs fooner dilTolv- ed by the governor. Britifli America is fuperintended by an ollicer, ftyled Gover- nor General of the 4 firitifli provinces in N. America, who, befide other powers, is commander in chief of all the Britifli troops in the 4 provinces and the govern- ments attached to them, and Newfound- land. Each of the provinces has a lieu- tenant governor, who, in the abfence of the governor general, has all the powers requilite to a chief magiltrate. Lower Canada, in 17 84. contained ii.^.oia. Both provinces contain upwards of 150,000 fouls, which r.umber is multiplying both by natural increafe and by immigration. As many as about 9 loths of the inhabit- ants of thefe provinces arc Roman Catho- lics, who enjoy, under the prefent gov- ernment, the fame provifion, rights, and privileges, as were granted them in 1774, by the a£t of the 14th of George lil. The reft of the people are Epifcopalians, Pref- byterians, and a few of almoft all the dif- ferent fedtsof chriftians. The amount of the exports from the province of Quebec, in the year 1786, was £.343^26% : 19 : 6. The amount of imports in the fame year was ;£.325,ii6. The exports confifted of wheat, flour, bifcuit, flaxfeed, lumber of various kinds, fifli, potafli, oil, ginfeng and other medicinal roots, but principally of furs and peltries,tothe amount ofi85,977/. The imports confifted of rum, brandy, molafles, coffee, fugar, wines, tobacco, fait, chocolate, provifions for the troops, and dry goods. This country was difcovered by the Engliflx as early as about 1497 ; and fettled by the French in i6o8, who kept poflTelfion of it till 1760, when it was taken by tho Britilh arms, and at the trea- ty of Paris, in 1763, w.is ceded by France to the crown of England, to whom it ha> Vol. I. K CAN ever fince belonged. One of the moft re- markable accidents which hiftory records of this country, is the earthquake in the year 1663, which overwhelmed a chain of mountains of freeftone more than ^oomiles long, and changed the immenfe traiSt into a plain. See Jiriti/b America, and Britain, Nrw, for further particulars concerning this country. Canada, a bay on the E (ide of New- foundland I. between VVMiite and liare bays, which laft Ues N of it. Canada Crcds. There are 3 creeks which l)car this name ; one a water of Wood creek, which it meets 4 or 5 miles N N W of Fort Stanwix or New Fort Schuyler. The other two are northern branches of Mohawk R. the u/>/>er one mingles its wa- ters with the Mohawk in the townfliip of Herkemer, on the German flats, 16 mile« below Old Fort Schuyler ; over the mouth of it is a bridge. The other empties into the Mohawk 13 miles below. Both thefe are long, rapid and unnavigable ftreams, and bring a confiderable acceflion of wa- ter to the Mohawk. The lands on thefe creeks are exceedingly rich and valuable, and faft fettling. CananJarque,'3i lake and creek, in Ontario CO. N. York. Tho lake is about 20 miles long and 3 broad, and fends its waters in 3 N eaftward and eaftward courfe 35 miles to Seneca R. Catiandarque, a poft and county town in Ontario co. N. York. It ftands at the N end of the above lake, on the fcite of an ancient town of the Indians, is built on one ftreet about a mile in length, has » number of elegant buildings, and is a flour- ifliing place. It is 8 miles W of Geneva. Inhabitants 1153. From Wafliington 446 miles. A turnpike road is completed to this place, and a public ftage runs to it from Aliiany. Canada Saga, or Seneca lake. See the latter. Canajohary, a poft town in Montgomery CO. N. York, on the S fide of Mohawk R. a fine townfliip of land, 40 miles WofSche- netflady, and 56 miles from Albany. It has 2165 inhabitants. A creek named Canajohary enters the Mohawk iu this town. In this townfliip, on the bank of the Mohawk, about 50 miles fVom Sche- netflady, is Indian CaJHo, fo called, the I'eat of old king Hendrick, who was killed ia Sept. i7,rT, at Lake George, fighting for the Britifli and Americans againft the French. Here are now the remains of a Briti(h fort, built during that war, abotK 6o^ces ftjuare. A ^old coia of t]ic value 1' *y mmi. n M hi '^ B ' 1 n 1 CAN rvf about 7 dollars w.u found in thcfo ruins in i 793. About a mile anil half W of thi) Ibrt (lauds ;i churcli, which is called Brandt's church, which the noted chief of that name is laid to have left with great reluiSance. This was the principal feat of the Mcha'.vk nation of hidians, and abounds with aj>i)lc trees o( their pLintinir, from the fruit of wlijch is made eide.- of an cxct:l!\'iU tjuality. Cii,'i,iiu\i,ii final! oblon; heads in form of a crown. Their clothes are made of wool or cotton, and they wear fine fafliioned boots. 'Ilieir wcmien are handfome, and fond of the .Spaniards ;they generally till and mnnur» the ground, whililt their hnfliands at home, card, fpin, and weave wool and cotton. Their country had many rich gold mines, now drained by the Spaniards. The land bears good wheat and barley, and has fine vineyards. The magnificent palace of Tl.nmaLamba was ill the country of the Cannares. Caii/tawral, Capr, thjc extreme point of rocks on the E fide of the peninfula of E. Florida. It has Mofquitos Inlet N by \V, and a large flioal S by E. This was the boundary of Carolina by charter from Charles il. N lat. 28 35, W Ion. 81 9. I Cniinayah, a village on the N lide of I Walliington I. on the N W coaftof N A- ; merica. I Catwi-fs, a town of Louifiana, on the N bank of Red R. a branch of the rvTiilifippi. Canoe Rid<^e, a tugged mountain abotit 200 miles W of Philadelphia, forming the E boundary of Bald Eagle Valley. CiiiioMi'u-ut i)//i/w(/, in Newport co.R. I/land, lies about 3 miles W of Newport, the S end of which, (called Beaver Tail, on which fi:ands the light houfe) extends a- bout ss far S as the S end of Rhode I. It extends N about 7 miles, its average breadth being about one mile ; the li. fliore forming the W part of Newport harbour, and the W fliore being about 3 miles from the Narraganfct fliore. On this point !,■; Jamcftown. It was purchafed of the In- dians in 1657, and ia 1678, was incorpor- atedi CAN CAP I the N iililippi. abo\it ling the l.Ifland, •t, the » "ail, on tends .\~ Je I. [t average li fliore larbour, les from point is the In- corpor- ate(i 4ted by the name of Janitftown. Tl>e foil iii luxuriant, producing grain and griils in abundance, jameftown contains jOi in- habitants. Caiiuiijhurg, a port town in Wjifliington c(i. Pennlyivania, on the N hdc of the W branch of Chartiers Crt-ek, which runs N by E into Ohio R about 5 miles behiw Piltfburg. In its environs are I'cveral val- uable mills. Here are about 50 hinifcs and an ncadcniy. 'I'he trullcc^ have ob- tained a College charter for this indiui- tion, as alio limie pecuniary rii! frcm the legill.iturc. It has alreatly pi tluccti ■ con- fiderable number of valuable public ir- acStcrs. The name of the coHegcis J ion, and it has near 100 Ihidents. vicinity 01 this place is a coal mi; 7 miles N l'. by E of Wafliingtou, and 1 J S W of I'ittfburg. Cdiifv, or Lunccau, an ifland, c:ipe, and fmall tilhiug bank on the S J^ coalt of Nova Scotia, about 40 leagues E by N of Hali- fax ; N hit. 45 ao. '1 he illc is fmall, near the continent ; N E from Cai)e Canfo, which is the S caflcrnmoft land of Nova Scotia. Canlb has a g>)od harbour 3 leagues deep. Here ;.re two bays of fate anchor- age. Near tiiefc on the eontine:it is a riv- *r called Salmon R. on account of the great quantity of falmon taken anil cured there. It is believed to be tlie bell Hflicry in the world of that fort. Limcflone and plaifter of Paris are found on the Gut of Canlo. This gut or channel is very nar- row, and fornij the paflagc from the At- lantic inti' the gulf of St. Lawrence be- tween Cape Breton idand and Nova Scotia. Canfi. :i townlbip in the neighbourhood •of the above named place, in llalifax co. Canij, a town and jurifdickion under the archbifliop of J^ima, in Peru. It is cele- brated for excellent papas, wh'cii meet with a good market at i-ima, 5 leagues diflant S S W. Here ;--re innumerable flocks of flieep, the pafturcs being very rich and cxtenfive. S Lit. n ^8, Vv' Ion. 75 43- Caiiterhitry, a towndiip in Rfxkinghani CO. N. Hampfliire, lituated on the eaftcrn bank of Merrimack R. 1 4 miles N by W of Concord, 45 N W of Exeter, and 48 from Portfmouth. It coiiiains 1114 inhab- itants. Cinterlmry, a pofl town in Windham co. Conne(flicut, on the W ilde of Quiunabaug R. which leparates it from Plainiield. It is 7 miles E by S of Windham, and about J 4 N of Norwich. It has 3 congregation- al meeting houfes, and one for the Bap- fifts, and a flourllbing academy. The W part of tiie t()wn on (Jninnabaug is excel- lent land, iiighly cultivated, the houfes iiandloiuc-,thc pei'ple in cafy circuinU.-'.n- rcs. Inliabiiants, 1812. It is 4iz miles N E of Walhington. Ca/it-Uill's 2)'iiJ,^c, a pofl town, in New Caftle CO. Dclawaic, 141 milts from Wafl»- Ligtou. CLiiiion, ;. port town in Norfolk co. Maf~ fachulett-i, incorporated in 1797, it btinc (onnerly the northerly part of Stoughton, ii>habitant.4 IIIO. Ciiiiy lori, in the flate of Tctiefl'ce, is a fl'.ort navigable river, and runs N W into Cumbi.il.ind R. W of the Salt Lick, and oppoiitc Salt Lick Creek, 50 miles in a ftraight line from Nalliville. dpiilitit, a large tcwn in the province <»f Guaxaca. 'I'he country round abounds with fliccp, cattle, nnd excellent fruit. Cape St. AiJniLs, on the coaft of Para- guay, or La Plata, S. America. S lat 58 JO, W Ion. J 9 46. CiipeSuAiitoiiiofh the point of land onthc fouthern lide of La Plata R. in S. America, which, with Cape St P 0> '^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I U^PI 1 2.5 ■50 ymf mm IS ■ 4.0 2.2 2.0 ■UUU m IL25 il.4 11.6 PhotDgTdphic Sciences Corporation ^/ u. & ^ 23 WIST MAIN STREET WEBSTIR.N.Y. 14S80 (716)872-4503 ^ CAP " * the Frying Pan, from its fonn. A light houfe ftands at the mouth of the river. • It bears W N W from the point of the Cape, 4 miles diftant. Near this cape is Johnfon's Fort, in Brunfwick co. and dif- tridl of Wilmington. N lat. 33 33, W Ion. 78*5. Cape Fear R. more properly Clarendon, affords the boft navigation in N. Carolina. It opens to the Atlantic ocean by z chan- . n^ls. The S weftern and largeCt channel betv^een the S W end of Smith's I. at Bald Head, where - the light houfe ftands, and the E end of Oakes I. S W from Fort Johnfton. The new inlet is between the , fea coaft and the N E end of Smith's I. It will admit veflols drawing lo or xi feet, and is about 3 miles wide at its entrance, , having 1 8 feet water at full tides over the bar. It continues its breadth to the flats, and is navigable for large vcfiels 21 miles from its mouth, and 14 from Wilmington ; to which town veflels drawing 10 or la feet can reach without any ri&. As you afccnd this river you leave Brunfwick on the left, and Wilmington on the right. A little above Wilmington, the river divides into N E and N W branches. The form- er is broader than the latter, but is neither fo deep nor fo long. The N W branch rifes within a few miles of the Virginia line and is formed by the jun«5lion of Haw and Deep rivers. Its general courfe is S eafterly. Sea veflels can go ij miles above Wilmington, and large boats 90 miles, to Fayetteville. The N E branch joins the N W branch a Uttle above Wil- mington, and is navigable by fea veflels ao miles above that town, and by large boats to South Wafliington, 40 miles fur- ther, and by rafts to Saredbo, which is nearly 70 miles. The whole length of Cape Fear R. is about aoo miles. Cape Helior, a cape of the N W coaft of N.America, in lat 51 57 ao N, Ion. 133 37 W. Near it are 4 or 5 fmall ifles, call- ed Kerowart Ifles. Cape Hope., on the N weftcrly part of Martha's Vineyard, on which a light houfe is to be ere(£lcd by order of Congrefs. Cape Look Out, on the W coaft of N. A- mcrica, lat. 45 3a N,lon. 236 11 E. Cape Orford, on the W coaft of N. Amer- ica, lat. 4a 38 N, loi' a3,v 44 E. The <:omploxion of the natives in the vicinity is a light olive, their difpofiiion is more mild, and their conduit more honeft than is common among American favages. Cape May, is the S wefternmoft point of the ftiite of N. Jerfey, and of tb« county . * CAJl to which it gives name. N lat. 39, W loa» 75 a. It lies 20 miles N E from Cape Henlopen, which forms the S W point of the mouth of Delaware bay, as Cape May does the N £. Ci;pe May Co. fpreaucls northward around the cape of its name, is a healthy, fandy tradt of^country,.34 miles long, 19 broad. The county is divided into Upper, Mid- dle, and Lower precindVs. The number of inhabitants is 3066, of whom 98 arc in flavery. At the court houfe is a poft of- fice, 231 miles from Wafliington. Capcrivaca, a large river in Guiana, S. America. j, Capiapo, a harbour in Chili, S.America. Caraccasy a province of Terra Firma, S. America, lying on the fouthern coaft of the Caribbean Sea. This coaft is bordered in its greateft length by a chain of moun- tains, running E and W, and divided inta many fruitful vallies,whofe diredlion and opening are towards the N. It has mari- time fortified towns, Puerto Cubelo, and, I^a Guayra. I'hc Dutch carry thither to the Spaniards all forts of European goods, efpecially linen, making vaft returns of fil- ver and cocoa. [See Robijrtfon's Hift. Amer.Vol. III. p. 2)7)5 and 425.] The co- coa tree grows here in abundance Thercj are from 500 to aooo trees in a walk, or plantation. Thefc nuts are palTed for iiipney, and are ufed as fuch in the bay of Campeachy. N lat. 10 12, W Ion. 67 10. See St, John de Leon, Caramanta, a province of Terra Firma, S. America, lying on the river Cauca^ bounded N by the diftridt of Carthagena ; E by N w Granada ; and S and W by Po- payan, m the audience of Panama. It is a valley, furrounded by high mountains ; and there are waters from which the na- tii'es extracSt very good fait. The capital of the fame name lies in N lat, 5 18, W kn. 75 ij. Carangas, a province and jurifdidtion under the biCiop of Plata, and 70 league* W of that city, in Peru, very barren in corn and grain, &c. but abounding in cat- tle. Here are a great number of filver mines conftantly worked, among which that called Tureo, and by the miners Machacado, is very remarkable. The fi- bres of the filver forming an admirable in- terniixture with the ftone ; fuch mines are generally the richeft. There are other mafles of filver in this province equally re- markable, being found in the barren fand« deferts, where they find, by digging only, detached lumps of filver, unmixed witl^ 9SiJ CAR any ore pr Aone. Thefe lumps are called papas, becaufe taken out of the ground as that root is, and have the appearance of melted lilver ; which proves tliat they are thus formed by fufion. Some ol thefe pa- pas ha' e weighed from 50 to ijo marks, being a Paris foQt in length. Caravaguy a river in iPcru, S. America, famed for its golden fands. Lardigan, N. Hampfliire. See Orange. Cariacoy a large gulf in tlie province of Comana, Terra f iima, S. America. On the nprthe.n fide at its mouth is Fort St. YagW, in N lat. 10 7, Wlon. 63 30, and on the fouthem fide Cape Bordones. Cariacoufh the chief of the fmall ifles de- {)endent on Grenada I. in the W.Indies ; lituated 4 leagues from Ifle Rhonde,which is a like diAance from the N end of Gren- ada. U contains 6913 acres of fertile and well cultivated land, producing about a million lbs. of cotton, bellde corn, yams, potatoes and plantains for the negroes. it has two fugar plantations, and a town called Hilljhorougb. Caribeaiia, now called Paria,OT Nno Ait' ialufiay which fee. Caribbee JJIaftds, in the W. Indies, extend in a femicircular form from the illaud of Porto Rico, the eanernmod of the Antil- les, to the coaft of S. America. 1 he fea thus inclofed, by the main land and the liles, is called the Caribbean Sea ; and its great channel leads N wefhvard to the head of the gulf of Mexico, through the Sea of Honduras. The chief of thefe irt- ands are Santa Cruz, Sombuca, Anguilla, St. Martin, St. Bartholomew, Barbuda, Sa- ba, St. Euftatia, St. Chriftopher, Nevis, Antigua, Montferat.Ouadaloiipe, Defeada, Mariagalantc, Dominico, Martinico, St. Vincent, Barbadoes, apd Grenada. Thefe are again clafTed into Windward and Lee- ward ifles by feamen, with regard to the ufual ccurfes of lliips from Old Spain or to the Canaries, to Carthagena or New Spain and Porto Bello. The geographi- cal tables and maps clafs them into great and little Antilles ; and authors vary much concerning this laft diftintSlion. See An- tilles. The Charaibes or Caribhees Were the ancient natives of the Windward iflands, hence many geographers confine the term to thefe ifles only. Mofl of thefe were anciently poflefled by a nation of canni- bals, the terror of the mild and inoflfenfive inhabitants of Hifpaniola ; who frequent- ly expreflcd to Columbus their dread of thefe fierce invWers. I'hjis when thefe itiaudi were afterwards dilcovered by that ; CAR. '" * great man, they were denominated Cliar- ibbean Ifles. The iufular Charaibes are fuppofed to be immediately defceudcd from the GaUbis Indians, or Charaibes of S. America. Caribmi, an ifland towards the E end of . Lake Superior. Curijioiis, a nation of S. America, inhab- iting a country to the N of the river ."Vnv azon ; wiio are at perpetual war with tl;c Carribbees. CailcUii IJland, Upper Canada, lies near to Grand lllaud, oppoftte to Kingihm, and neareft the S lliorc, where Lake Oulaiiu defcends into the St. Lawrence : Kings- ton garrifon furnifhes a detachment ta this place. Sn^^th. Cariife, a town of Middlefex co. Maira- chufetts, containing 634 people, %o miles from Bodon. Carlijie, a pod and chief town of Cum- berland CO. Pennlylvania,on the poA road from Philadelphia to Pittfburg ; is 125 miles W by N from the former, and 1 78 JJ from the latter, and 18 S W from Harrif- burgh. Its fituation is plcafant and heal- thy, on a plain near the Ibuthern bank of Conedogwinet creek, a water of the Sul^ quehanna. 'I'hc town contains above 400 houfes, chiefly of Hone and brick, and 203 z inhabitants. Tiie flrects interfc«!t each other at right angles, and tiie pubiii; buildings are a college, court hpule and gaol, and 4 edifices for public woiiliip. Of thel'e the Prefbyterians, Germans, .L- pifcopalians, and Roman Catholics, have each one. Dickinfon College, named af- ter the celebrated John Dickinfon, Elq. author of feveral valuable tradis, has a principal, 3 profeflbrs.a philofoplacalap<- paratus, and a library containing near 3000 volumes. Its revenue arifcs from ;C4000 in funded certificates, and io,oco acres of land. In 1787 there were 89 (Indents, and its reputation is increafiiig. This town has had a rapid growth. Carlijh; a bay on the W fide of the ifl- and of Barbadoes, in the W. Indies, be- tween James and Charles Forts, oi wiiich ftands Bridgetown, the capital of the ill- and,in N lat. 13 9, W Ion. 60 3. Carlos, a fort on the N coafi cf Terra Firma, on an ifland .which commands the channel between the gulf of Vj-uiczuela, and that of Maracaybo, al)out ao miles N from the town of Maracaybo. Carlos, or yuan Ponce. See Calos. Carlos a town of Veragua, in N. Spain, 45 mile?. S W of Santa Fe. It ftands on a large bay, N Jat. 7 40, W ion. 8a 10. CurUfii, ««• ■» > 'i ll 1t ►«» ! CAR ' , ■ ' flarUfa, a town in the interior of Brazil, iin the 15th degree of S lat. on the S E fide of St. Francis R. and N by W from Villa Nova. Ciirmel, a townfliip in Dutchcfs co, N. York, 11 miles N E of Peeklkill, having 1979 inhabitants. Carmflo, A riv^ on the coaft of New Al- bion, S cadwiird of Fraucifco Bay, N lat. 36 SS' A little northward from it is Sir Francis Drake's harbour, where tliat uavi> jator fpent 5 weeks. Carnero, a cape in the S. Sea, near Santa Maria, on the coaft of Peru. Jtat. i 3 j S, Ion. 77 iO W. Carnefville, the chief town of Franklio CO. Georgia, 100 miles N W of Augafta. It contains a court houfe, and gaoL An academy is eftablifhed here. Carolina, Sec North Carolina and South Carolina, Caroline Co. iQ Virginia, is on the S fide of Rappahannock R. which feparates it from King George's cp. It is about 40 miles fquare, and contains 6857 free in* habitants, and 10,581 flaves. Caroline Co, on the eaftern fliore in Ma- Xyland, borders onDelaware ftate to the E, anjl contains 9226 inhabitants, including 3865 flaves. It is 34^ miles long, 16 broad< It is well watered by Choptank R. Tucka- lior and Marfliy Hope Creeks. Its chief town Denton. Carora, a town of Terra Finna.N.Amer- 5ca, abont 1 10 miles N E from Gibraltar on Maracaybo Lake. Ccirouge, Point, the northernmoft extrem- ity of the ifland of St. Domingo, in the W. Indies ; 25 miles N from the town of St. Jago. Carr, a plantation in " incoln co.Maine. Carrantafca Lagoon, \% a large gulf on the S fide of the bay of Honduras, about 70 miles N W of Cape Gracios a Dios, and nearly as far S E frwn Brewers Lagoon. Carter, a CO. in the flate of Tencflfce, formed of a part of the co. of Wafliington. It is bounded on the N by Sullivan co. E hy N. Carolina, S and W by Walliington CO. It is watered by the Watuga and its branches, and contains 4813 people, of ■whom ao8 arc flaves. Carteret Cape. See Roman, Carteret, a maritime co. of Ncwbern dif- tri(Sl, N. Carolina, on Core and Pamlico Sounds. It contains .^982 inliabitants, in- cluding 796 flaves. IJeaufort is the chief town. Carter's Falley, a pleafant and fertile val- ley on the waters of Holfton R. feveral ' i CAR miles wide, and about 40 miles long, run- ning from the edge of Virginia.in a S weft- erly direifUon lb as to include Rogcrfville, in reneflTec. Ucroflesthe NforkofHol- fton and feveral creeks. Cirt.rfvill,; a poll town in Powhatan co. Virginia, on the S fide of James K. 40 .miles above Richmond. Carthage, See Maure Court Houfe. Carthagena, a bay, harbour, and town, and the chief fea port in Terra Firma, S. America. I he city of Carthagena i(^ large, rich, and ftrongly fortified, and thiltchief of the province of the fame name, with a bilhop's fee, and one of the bed harbour* in Ameiica. The entrance into this is fo narrow that only one fliip can enter at a time ; and it is defended by 3 forts. AU the revenue^ of the king of Spain from >I. Grenada and Terra Firma, are brouglit to this place. Sir Francis Drake took this city, and carried ofTimmenfe plunder in ij2s- The French plundered it in 1697; but Adm. Vernon, in 1741, though he had taken the cullies, was obliged to abandon the ficge.for want of fltill in the command- ers of the land forces, and the fickneft that was among them, not tio mention the difierence between the admiral and the general. The ftreets of the town are ftraight, broad and well paved. The houf- es are built of ftone or brick, and are one ttory high, and contains 25,000 fouls. Here is alfo a court uf inqnifitiou. N lat^ JO 27, W Ion. 75 22. Carthago, formerly a confiderabje town of New Spain in N America, in the prov- ince of Cofta Rica, with a bifliop's fee, and the feat of a Spanilh governor ; at pref- ent mean and inconfiderable ; and is 360 miles W of Panama. N lat. 9 5, W Ion. 83. Carvel of St. Thomaj, a ro 'k between the Virgin ifles E and Porto Rico on the W. At a fmall diftuncc it appears like a fail, as It i»whitc and has two points. Between it, and 'St. Thomas, paHes Sir Francis Drake's channel. Carver, a townfhip in Plymouth co. Maflachufctts. Here is a pond with fuch plenty of iron ore, that 500 tons have been dragged out of the clear water in a year. They have a furnace upon a ftream which runs from the pond ; arid the iron made of this ore is better than that made out of bog ore, and fome is almoft as good as refined iron. It is 50 miles S E from Bofton, and contains 863 fouls. Carvers River, a branch of St. Peter's R. which empties into the MiUlfippi. See Si, Fierre, or Piter's River. CafucoreSi ;:;:-r^ V CAS" - "^ Cifuiorft, a lake in Paraguay or La Plata in S. America, about loo miles lung. Cj/co JJjy, in Maine, fpreads N W be- tween Cape Elizabeth on the S W, and Cape Small Point on the N E. Wltiiin thefe points, which are about 40 miles apart, are about 3C0 fmall iflands, fomc of which are ichalu'tcd, and nearly all more or IcHt cultivated. The land on thefe iflands, and on the oppofite coaft on the main, is the bed for agriculture of any on the fea coaft of this country. Cafco includes feveral bays. MaquoitBay lies about ao mi'Its N of Cape Elizabeth. The waters of Cafco extend feveral arms or creeks of fait water into the country. The waters go up Mfadows ^. Avhere vef- fels of a conflderable iize are catried by the tide, and wliere it ilows within i mile of the waters of Kcnnebcck. On the £ fide of Cape Elizabeth is the arm of the fea called Stroudivaitr. Farther E is Prt- fupipfcot R. form :.-.ly called Prefumpfecag, which rifes in Scbago Pond. This river open<« to the waters of Cafco Bay on the E of Portland ; its extent is not great, but it has feveral valuable mills upon it. Jltyttl's R. called by the natives Weftecuf- tego, falls into the bay 6 miles from Pre- fumpfoot R. It has a good harbour at its month for fmall vefTc-ls ; and has fev- eral mills upon it ; 2 miles higher a fall obilrudls the navigation. Between it and Kennebcck there arc no rivers ; fome creeks and harbours of Cafco Bay pro- jed): into the main land, affording har- bours for fmall vcflels, and interfecSting the country in various forms. Ciifquipibiac, a river un the N fide of Chaleur Bay, at the mouth of which is a fmall cod and falmon filliery. Cafpean, Of Beautiful, a fmall lake in GrcenKborough, Vermont. It has Hazen block houfe on its weftcrn fide. It is a head water of I.a Moilte river. CiiJJttah, or CuJJitahy an Indian town, in the weftcm part of Georgia, which, as well as the Coweta town, is 60 miles be- low the Horfe Ford, on Chattahoufee river, and \% above the Broken Arrow. Cijlile del Orn. Sec Ti^rra Firma. Cajiim, a poll and fliire town of Han- cock co. Maine, is (ituated on Penobfcot bay. It was taken from the town of Pe- nobfcot, and incorporated in Feb. 1796. It is named after a French gentleman who refided here 140 years ago. It is a flour- ilhing place, and has 665 inhabitants. Canine River, it about 1 4 milcs long, is CAT aavigablc for 6 miles, and has feveral mills at the head of it. It empties into Penobfcot bay. Cijlletoivity a townfliip in Richmond coi. Statcu I. N. York, which contains 1035 inhabitants, including 100 llaves. Cajlleton, a townfliip and river in Rut- land CO. Vermont, 20 miles S E of Mt. In- dept ndence at Ticonderoga. Lake Bom- bazoa is chiefly in this town, and fends it,« waters into Caftleton R. which, rifihg in Pittsford, paflcs through this town in a S wefterly courfe, and falls into Pultncy R. i^ the town of Fairhaveit, a little be- low Col. Lyon's iron works. Fbrt War- nes ftands in this town. Inhabitants- 1038. Cajfort R in Newfoundland, I. empties in the harbour of St. John's. Its fize ia conflderable for 15 miles from the fea. CaJIro, a ftrong town in S. America, in Chib, and capital of the ifland of Chiloe. It was taken by the Dutch in 1643^ and is i8'o miles S of Baldivia; fubjec^ to Spain. Ciijlrn Plrreyna, Or Viregna., a tOWn and jurifditflion, in S. America, in Peru, fub- jedb to the archbifliop of Lima, remark- able for it valuable wool, grain, fruits, iilver mines, tobacco, and wholefomc air. The town is I2j miles S E of Lima. S lat. i« 50, W Ion. 74 45. Cafivell Co. in Hillfborough dillrl«a, N. Carolina, borders on Virginia N. It con- tains 8701 inhabitants, of whom 2788 are flaves. Lecftjurg is the chief town. At the court houfc is a pod office, 326 miles from Wafliington. Cat IJlandiOT Guennfjiti/i!, one of the Ba- hama Iflands. It was the firll land dif- covtred by Columbus, to which he gave the name of St. Salvadore, Odl. 11, 1492. It lies on a particular bank to the £ of the Great Bahama Bank, from which it is parted by a narrow channel, called Exuma Sound. N lat. 24 30, W loik 74 30- Calabaw Rhrr. See Wateree^ Catabatu Indians, a fmall tribe who have- one town called Catabaw, fituatcd on the river of that name, N lat. 34 49, on the> boundary line between N. and S. Carohna, and contains about 450 inhabitants, of which about 150 are fighting men. They are the only tribe which relides in the flate : 144,00x5 acres of land were granted them by the proprietary governmenf, Thefe are the remains of a formidable na- tion, the bravcft and moft generous enemy the Cx nations bad ; but they have de- generated CAV * l^ncrated (incc they have been ftrround- cd by the whites. Catitliatu Sjiriiigs, I^incohi co. N. Caroli- ■a. Here ii> a puft ofllce, 4^s miles from Wafliington. Catarafua, or Cateraqiii, appear in old maps, thus varied, aa tlie name of Ldke Ontario, and its outlet Iroquois R. but thefc names are now oblblele. Catatujfy, a port town in Northumber- liind CO. Pennfytvania, on tlic S E bank of the £ branch of Sufquchanna R. oppofite the anouth pf Fifliing Creek, and about 40 miles N £ of Sunbury. '' Catbame, a fniall river in Lincoln co. Maine, which riles in Toplham, sind enip- ties into Mcrrry Meeting Bay, and has fevcral mills upon it. Caiberine IJle, St. is on the coafl of Bra- inl, two leagues in breadth from E to W, and more than ie> leagues long from N to S. The narrowed part of the channel, which feparates it from the malii, is not more than aod toifes wide. On this point, cxtendingintothe channel,is the city Nortra Senora del Dertero, containing 400 houfes, and .'^oco inhabitants. It is the rcfideucc •f the Governor, and capit.-d of the 111- and. The fettlements are near the fhore. A great paijt of the iflaud is covered by impervious forefts of lofty evergreens, where fuakes of mortal poifon lurk. Veg- etables, fruits and corn fpontaneoufly rife from this fertile foil. Plants, orange trees, and fhrubs of delightful fragrance cover the plantations. Whales abound in the fiitrounding waters. Lat. 27 10 S, Ion. .49 49 W. Alfp a pleafant ifland in the har- bour of Sunbury, Georgia. Alfo, a fmall, produdive ifland on the fouth coaft of St. Domingo, ao leagues eartward of the town of St. Domingo. Catherines Town, in Tioga CO. N. York, ai the S end of Seneca lake. Here is a poll office, 390 miles from Wafliington. tt has %i6 inhabitants. Qatjhilt, a port town, Green co. N. York, 383 milesfrom Wafliington. Catahuni, one of the Elizabeth ifles, in the (late of Maflachufetts. See Jiuz- %ar(ti Buy. Catheraugus Creek, a confiderable flrcam which riins into I^ake Erie. Six miles from its mouth is a village of Seneca Indians. Cauca, a river In the iflhmus of Darieu, whofe fource is in common with that of La Magdalena, in the lake Papos, near the 8th deg. of S lat and which falls into this laft river. CavalUt 3 fea port town ia the prov- CAY ince of Venezuela or iflhmus of I)arieil, 25 miles N £ of St. Jago de Leon. It is well fortified, and in a former war was unfuccefsfully attacked by Commodore ICnowles. Lat. 10 15, Ion. 68 1 1. Cavuilloii, a town on the 8 fide of the S peninfula of the ifland of St. Domingo, about three leagues N E of Les Cayes, and 5 W by S of St. Louis. W lat. 1816. Ca-vendijt, a port town in \\indfor co. Vermont, W of Weathersfield.on Blackri v- er,having 1016 inhabitants. Upon thisriv- er, and within this townfliip, the chan- nel has been wOrn down 100 feet, and rocks of very large dimenlions have been undermined and thrown down one upon another. Holes are wrought in the rocks of various dimenlions, and forms ; fome cylindrical, from i to 8 feet in diameter, and from i to 15 feet in depth ; others are of a fpherical form, from 6 to ao feet di- ameter, worn almofi perfedUy fmooth, in- to the folid body of a rock. Cavogliiro, a Day on the S fide of the if- land of St. Domingo, at the mouth of the river Romaine, a4 leagues £ of St. Domin- go. Caxamarqua, a jurifdi<£tion in Peru, S. America, under the bifhop of Truxillo, lying between the two Cordilleras of the Andes ; it produces plenty of all kinds of grain, fruits and vegetables ; alfo cattle, and efpecially hogs. They have here a confiderable trade with Chincay, liiiha, Truxillo, &c. Here the Indians weave cotton for fliips' fails, bed curtains, quilts, hammocks, &c. There are fome filver mines, but j)f little confequence. Th^ town of the fame name is fittlated N £ from the city ofTruxillo. Caxamarquila, a fmall jurifdidUon like- wife in Peru, under the bifhop of Trux- illo. Cayabaga, or Cayuga, fometimes called the Great river,in Ohio State, Trumbull cb. empties in at the S bank of Lake Erie, 40 miles eaftward of the mouth of Huron ; having an Indian town of the lamp name on its banks. It is navigable for boats ; I and its mouth is wide, and deep enough to receive large floops from the lake. Ne?.r this are the celebrated rocks which projeift over the lake. They are feveral miles in length, and rife 40 or 50 feet perpendicu- lar out of the water. Some parts of them confirt of feveral ftrata of different col- ours, lying in a horizontal dirc pie, who are defcendants of the old buc- caniers- It has no harbour for fliips of burden, only a tolerable anchoring place on the S W. The climate and foil are fingularly falubrious, and the people are vigorous and commonly live to a great age. They raife all kinds of produce for their own ufe and to fpare. Their chief employment is to pilot veffels to the adja- cent illands, and to fifh for turtle ; vnth which laft they fupply Port Royal and other places in great quantities. Great Caymans lies in N lat. 15 48, W Ion. 80 50. Caymite, Grande, an ifland on the N fide of the S peninfula of the ifland of St. Do- mingo, 2 leagues long and i broad. Cayuga, a co of N. York, containing 21,636 inhabitants. It is watered by Ca- yuga Lake, and the brandies of Ofwego R. The lands are fertile. I'he principal town of the fame name, has a poft office 439 miles from Wafhington. Cayuga^ a beautiful lake in Cayufa co. N. York, from iS to 40 m:ie8 long, ; bout a miles v ide,in fome places 3, and abc unds with falmon, bafs, catfifli, et Is, &c. It lies between Seneca and Owafco lake, and at the N end empties into Scayace R whicb is the 8 eafiern part of Seneca R. w hofe waters run to lake Ontario. A bridge is ere.-.■ «)iau> lie on both fides of the lake, 4t its nnrthern end. C/tzi>rej, a toivn of Mexico. See Annreh, Caz(H',via, .1 thriving port town in Che- nan^io en. N. York, 40inile!t weflward of Whiteltiiwii. It hatt .^080 inhabitants. Ctdl, I tdwulliip in Wiilliiiigfun ca I'cnnfyKania. Cecil, a Co. of Maryland, on the eaftern fhorc of the Chefapcak, containing 9018 iuhabitantt, 210.^ ofthefeare (laves CeJjrL.iii' in U.Canada, through which piifca the Salkatchawine, which runs into VVinipeg lake. It is from 4 to it miles wide, cxclii five of it4 bays. Its hanks are coecrod with wood, which abound in game ; its waters are Anred'with (idi. Cfr/jr /*«(■/;/, a port of entry ia Charles CO. Miryland, oh the £ fide of Patowmic R. about II miles below Port Tol»acc<>, aud 96 S by W of Baltimore. Its exports are cliielly tobacco and Indian corn, and in 1 794, amounted in value to 18,593 dol- lars. Ceiftr Pni'if, a c.^^iB on the W fide of Delaware Bay in St. Mary's co. Maryland. Cedar Lirt, a fait fpring in Teneflle, 19 miles from Nalhville. Ce;itre,ii co. of Pennfylvaniatbrnindcd N by Lycoming, and E by Northumberland, containing 93,8x4 acres. Chief town, Uellefont. Ceiiiri-ville, the chief town of Queen Anne's co. and on the £ fide of Chefapcak bay in Maryland. It is a pod town, and lies between the forks of Corfica creek, which runs inta Chefter R. 18 miles S of Cheftcr ; 34 S E by E of Baltimore, and 95 S \V by S of Pliiladelphia. N lat. 39 6. Cmtrevillf, a port towo-of Fairfax co. Vir- ginia. %6 miles from Wafhington. Ceffares, a territory northward of Pata- gonia in S. America, in the 48th degree of S-kit. inhabited by a mixt tribe of that name, defcended from the Spaniards x be- ing the defcendants of 3 fliips that were Wrecked on this coafl: in 1540. Chab-tquiMck Ijle, belongs to Duke's ca MafFacbufetts. It lies near to, and ex- tends acrofs the £ end of Martha's Vine- yard ifland. Cbacnpoyas, a jurifdidtion under the bifli- op of Truxillo, in Peru, S. America. The Indians make a great variety of cottons and tapedry here, which for the livelinefs of the colours and neatnefs of the work deferve attention. They alfb make cotton I'ail cloth It lies within the Cordilleras. Cbaiiiitvs, or flat heads, are a ])nwerful, hiirdy, I'uUtUe aad intrepid race of Indians, C H A who inhabit a very fine and ettenfiTW trailb of hilly country, with large and fer^* tile plains intervening between the Ala- bama and Millifippi rivers, and in the weftern part of the lUte of Georgia* Thi« nation had, not many years ago, 43 toivn» and vilLtges,in 3 divilions.containing 6000 fouls, 'i'hcy are called by the trader* riathcads, all the males taving the fore and hind part of th«ir Ikulls artiHciallj flattened when young. Thcfe mcn.unlike the Miifeogulgt's, are flovenly and negli- gent in every part of th«ir drefi, but otherwif« ore f:tid to be ingenious, fenfij- ble, and virtuous men, bold and intrepid, yet quiet and peaceable. Some lute trav- ellers, however, liave obferved that their pav little attention to the mod neceflar'y I uies of moral condud, at lead that un- lutural crimes were too frequent among them. Dififercnt from mod of the Indian nations bordering on the U. States, they have large plantations or country farms, wliere they employ much of their time in agricultural improvements, after the man- ner of the white people. Although their territories are not -^th fo large as thufe of the Mufcogulge confedt:r.icy, the number of inhabitakMs is greater. 'I'lie ChaAaw* and Creeks arc inveterate enemLes to eaclv other. If any of their people are kitlud, they feek fatisfatStiun by killing one of the nation to which the murderer belonged, unmindful of perfonal guilt- I'heir dead are laid on fcaffolds, till the fledi feparates from the bones which are waflied, put in a coflin, and carried to the bone houfe. When the houfe is full^ thera is a general interment, a folemn proceffion, great la- nrcntations, and a fedival, called the fead of the dead. The white inhabitants hav« fettled to the line of the Chaftaw nation. Cbadbourne's R. Maine, called by fome Great Works 1. about 30 miles from the mouth of theBonnebcagPond, from which it ifFues. It is faid to have t»ken its latter name from a mill with 18 faws, mo\-ed by one wheel, ere«Sled by one Lodors. But the projetSk was foon laid afide. The form- er name is derived from Mr. Chadbournc, one of the fird fettlers, who purchafcd the land on the mouth of it, of the natives, :ind. whofe poderity pollefs-it at this day. Chjfalaya,^ miles below the rivcrRougc, is the wedernmod branch of the Milfifip- pi, and after running many miles through one of the mod fertile countries in the world, falls into the Bay of St. Barnard, a confidcrable didauce wedward of the otbcr mouths of tb: Miillf:ppi. Hutehim- CHA CHA tZagre, a nvcr and town in Terra Fir- Via, S. America. The river opens to the H. Sea, and wan formerly called I.agortas, from the number of alligators in it ; has its fourrc in the mountains near Cruces, and its mouth is in N laL 9, where there is a Arong fort, built on a ftccp rock, on the K iide near the lea (hore. This fort has a commandant, and lieutenant, and thegar- rifon is draughted from I'anama, to which you go by this river, landing at Cruces, about 5 leagues from Panama, and thence one travels by land to that city. Oppn- fite to fort Chagrc is the royal cuduni houfe. Here the river is broaded, being 120 toifcs over ; whereas, at Cruces.wherc it begins to he navigable,it is only 20 toifcs wide ; from the town of Ch.igrc, to the mouth of the river, is 2 1 miles N W by W, but mcifuring by water is 43 miles. 'I'hcre is at Cruces an alcalde, who lives at the cuftom houfe, and takes an accoiuit of all goods on the river. Chagre fort was tak- en by Adm. Vernon, in 1740. Chain Late Sec Mexico. Chaleur Bay, in L. Canada, projc<5):s W and N W frera the Gulf of St. Lawrence. It has the Britifli province of N. Brunf- wick on the S and the diftridl and co. •f Gafpee on the N. On its N fhorc are the towndiips of Hopetown, Cox, Hamil- ton, N. Richmond, Maria, and Carleton. The river Rilligouche empties into the W •nd of this fine bay. Cbambcrjlnirg,a. poft town, in Pennfylv.i- nia, and tlie cliicf of Franklin co. It is fituatcd on the 9 ; C t-rn branch of Conogo- chcague creek, a »/} ijr of Potowmac R. in a rich and highly t. itivated country, and healthy ikuation. Here arcabout20ohouf- es, a Prefljy terian churches, a flone gaol, a handlbme court houfe, built of brick, a paper and merchant mill. A fupreme court is held here once a year, and a court •f comm(m pleas, and general tpi;j-ter fef- fions of the peace the^firfti Monday in Feb.' May, Sept. and Dec. It h 58 miles E by S of Bedford, 11 NW of Shippeiifburg, and i.s ^ W of Philadelphia. N lat. 39 ^i, Wlon. 77 .^o. CbambU R. or Sorell,tt water of the .St. Lawrence, ifluing from lake Champlain, 300 yards wide when lowed. It is Ihoal in dry fcafons ; but of fuificient breadth for raftinfl lumber, &c. fpring and fall. It was called both Sorell .nnd Richlieu vlien the French held Canada ClamileeForttU handfomc and well built, on the margin of the river of the fame fame, about X2 or 15 miles S W from Montreal, al'.J N of St. John's fr.rt. ft vas taken by the Americans Oc^. 3o, 1775, and retaken by the Uritilli, Jan. 18, 1776. Nlat. 4J4.5- Chjmf/jin, a lake next in fize to lake Ontario, and lies K N E frrm it, forming a part of the dividing line between lli<^ ftatcs of N. York and Vermont. It took it< name from a French governor, of this name. It was before called Corlacr's laice. Reckoning its length from Fairhavcnto.St. John's, a courle nearly N, it is abo.it *oo miles ; its breadth is from i to 18 miles, the mean width is nbout 5 miles ; and it occupies about 500,000 acres.. Its depth is fuificient for the largcfl vellcls. 1 here are in it above 60 iilandi of difierent fizes ; the moil conliderable are N. and S. Hero« and Motte ifland. It receives at Ticon- deroga the waters of Lake George from the S S W, which arc faid to be 100 feet higher than the waters of this lake. Half the rivers and dreams v hich rile in Ver- mont fall into it. There are feveral which come to It from N. York and fome from Canada ; to which lad it fends its own waters, a N courfc, through Sorell or Chamblee R into the St. Law rence. This lake is well dored with f.di ; particularly falition, falmon trout, durgeon and pick* ercl ; and the lands on its borders, and.«a the hunks of its rivers are good. The w.i- ters generally rife from about the 20th of April to the 30th of June, from 4 toi 6 feet ; the greated variation is not more than 8 feet. It is feldom entirely fliut up with ice, until the middle of Jan. Be- tween the 6th and ijth of April the ice generally goes oft"; and it is not uncom- mon for many fquare miles of it to dif- appcar in one day. C6am/>/ain,B. pod town in the mod north- erly part of Clinton co. N. York, which take, its name from the lake on which it liss. It was granted to fome Canadian and Nova Scotia refugees, who were cither in the fervice of the U. .States, during the war, or fled to them for pcote ington. Cbapallan, one of the largeft lakes in Mexico, or New Spain. ChaptI HiP, a poll town in Orange co. N. Carolina, fituated on a branch of New- hope creek, whicli empties into the N W branch of Cape Fear R. This is the fpot chofen for the feat of the Univerfity of N. Carolina Few houfes are as yet eredted ; but a part of the public buildings were in fuch forwardnefs, that Audents were ad- mitted, and education commenced in Jan. X 796. The beautiful and elevated fcite of thi« town comniands a pleafmg and ezten- five view of the furrounding country ; i % miles Sby E of Hilliborough, 47Z S W of Philadelphia, and 319 from Waihington. N lat. 35 40, W Ion. 79 6. CbajJtiit, a pod town of St. Mary's co- Maryland, 5 6 miles from Wafliington. Charlimont, a townfhip in Hampfhire co. Maflachufetts, 16 miles W. of Deeriield, and 107 N W of Bodon, having 875 in- habitants. Cbarle/iurg, a poft town, Montgomery CO. Maryland, ao miles from Wafhing- ton. Charles S. in Maflachufetts, called an- ciently Qr///r9/>if7»<>,is a confiderable ftream, the principal branch of which rifes from a pond bordering on Hopkinton. It paiTes through HoUiAon and Bellingham, and divides Medway from Medfield, Wren- tbami and Franklin, and thence into Oed- bam, where, by a curious^bend, it forms a peninAila of 90& acres of land. A Aream caUed Mother Brook, runs out of this river in this town, and falls into Neponfit £ . forming a natural canal, uniting thiK two rivers, and affording a number of ex- cellent mill feats. From Dedham the courfe of the river is northerly, dividing Newton from Needham, WeAon, apd Walthaim, pailing over romantic falls ; it then bends to the N E and E through Wa- tertown and Cambridge, and pafimg into BoAon harbour, miiigl ^ flaves. I'he country has few hills, is generally low and fandy and pro^ duces tobacco, Indian corn, fweet pota- toes, 8ic. Chnrlct City Co. in Virginia, lies between Chickahominy and James rivers. It has liSii free inhabitants, and 3013 Haves. .A poA town of the fame name in this co. is 167 miles from Wafliington. Charletf a cape of Virginia, in about N lat. 37 15. It is on the N fide of the mouth of Chefapeak bay, having Cape Henry oppofite to it. Cbarlet, a cape on the S W part of the Arait entering into Hudfon Bay. N lat. 6a 40, W Ion. 75 15. Cbar/e/lowit,a. pod town in Cecil co. Ma- ryland, near the head of Chefapeak bay ; 6 miles £ N £ from the mouth of Sufque- hannah R. 10 W S W from Elkton, and JO S W by W from Philadelphia. Here are about ao houfes, chiefly inhabited by fifhermen employed in the herring fifliery. N lat. 39 34. CbarJe/len,zdiAn€t in the Lower country of S. Carolina, fubdivided into t4 paridies^ This large diAridl, of which the city of CharleAon is the chief tovra, lies between Santee and Combahee rivers. It pays £11,473-14-6 Aer. taxes. It fends to the Aate legiflature 48 reprefentatives and 13 fenators, and i member to Congrefs. It contains 57,480 inhabitants, of whom 41,941 arellaves. Cbarlefioriy the metropolis of S.Carolina, is the moA confiderable town in the Aate ; fituated in the diAridl of the fame name, and on the tongue of land formed by the confluent Areams of Afliley and Cooper, which are Aiort rivers, but large and nav- igable. Thefe waters unite immediately below the city, and form a fpacious and convenient harbour ; which communicates with the ocean juA below Sullivan's I. which it leaves on the N 7 miles S £ of CharleAon. In thefe rivers the tide rifes, in common, about 6^ feet ; but uniformly 10 or I a inches more during a m'ght tide. The fadl is certain ; the caufe unknown. The continual agitation which the tides occafion in the waters which almoA fur- round CharleAon ; the refreflingJea breez- es which are regularly felt, and the fmoke arifing CH A CH A •ridng from fo many chininirt, render tTi'is city more heallhy than any part of tlic Jow country in the ioutlkcrn Rates. On thi* account it is the refort of great nunw bers of gentlemen, invalids from the W. India iflands, and ot the rich planters from the country, v« ho come here to fpend the fickly months, as they arc called, in qucfl of health and of the focial enjoyments which the city afTords. And in no part of America are the i'ocial blellings enjoyed more rationally and Uberally than here. Unaffedted holpitality, afTabihty, cafe of manners and addrcfs, and a difpolition to make their guefls welcome, eafy and pleaf- cd with themfelvcs, arc chara«l>eriAics of the refpedable people of Charledon. In fpeaking of the capital, it ought to be ob> ferved, for the honour of the people c' Carolina in general, that when in com- mon with the other colonies, in the con- ted with Britain, they refolved againft the ul'e of certain luxuries, and even necefla- ries of life ; thofe articles, which improve the mind, enlarge the underftanding, and correct the tafte, were excepted ; the im- portation of books was permitted as form- erly. The land on-which the town is built, is Hat and low, and the water brackifh and unwholefome. The city is about ^ of a mile wide and a mile and ^ in length I'he ground on which it Aands is level, and but a few feet above the height of fpring tides ; in 1699,1728 and 175a, the tide raifed by a hurricane, covered the town, the people retiring to the higher Aories of their dwellings. The ftreets are pretty regularly cut, and open beautiful profpedb, and have fubterranean drains to carry o^ filth and keep the city clean and healthy ; but are two narrow for fo large a place and fo warm a climate. Their general breadth is from 35 to 66 feet. I'he houfes which have been lately built, are brick, with tiled rpofs. The buildings in general are elegant, and molt of them are neat, airy and well furnifhed. The city is divided into 13 wards, which choofe 13 wardens, from whom the In- tendant is chofen. The public buildings are, an exchange, a Aate hpufe, an armou- ry, a poor houfe, and an orphan's houfe. From 1790 to 1796, 1 16 boys and 70 girls were admitted into the orphan houfe. Here are feveral refpedlable academies. Part of the old barracks has been hand- fomely fitted up, and converted into a college, and there are a number of Au- dents ; but it can only be called as yet a /efpeiaablc academy. Here are three banki, a branch of the national bank, the S. Car< Una bank, cdahiitiied in 1 792. and the fState Bank, incorporated Dec. 1801. The Aate owns ^'thsof the capital. The houfes for public worfhip are i £pif- copal churches, 1 for Independents, 1 for Scotch Prclbyterians, i I'ur Baptil^s, i for Oernian Lutherans, 2 for McthodlHs, i lor French Proteftants, a meeting huuic tor Quakers, a Roman Catholic chapel, and a jewilh lynagugue. Little attention is paid to the public markets ; a great proportion of the mofl wealthy inhabitants haviii^ plantations from which they receive Tup- plies of almofl every article of hving. The country abounds with poultry and wild ducks. Their beef, mutton and veal are not generally of the bed kind ; and few fid) are found in the market. In 1787, it was computed that there were 1600 houfes in this city, and 15,000 inhabit- ants, including .5^400 Haves ; and what evinces the healthir.efs of the place, up- wards of 200 of the white inhabitants vere above 60 years of age. In 1791, there were 16,359 inhabitants, of whom 76R4 were Haves. This city has often fufifered much by fire, the lad and mod dedrudlive happened as late as June, 1796. Charledon was incorporated in 1783, and divided into 3 wards, which chofe as ma- ny wardens, from among whom the citi- zens eledt an intendant of tl>" rity. The intendant and wardens fori the city council, who have power to make and en- force bye laws for the regulation of tho city. The value of exports from this port, in the year ending Nov. 1787, .nmounted to £505,279-19-5 der. The number of veflels cleared from the cudom houfe the lame year, was 947, mcafuring 62,1 18 tons; 735 of theie, meafuring -41.531 tons, were American ; the others belonj^cd to G.Brit- ain, Ireland, Spain, France, and the United Netherlands. In the year 1 704., the value of exports amounted to 3,846,392 dollars. It is 60 miles S W by S of Georgetown ; 150 E by S of Auguda ; 406 S by W of Richmond ; 538 S W by S of Wafhington city ; 684 S W by S of Philadelphia ; and 1019 S W of Bodon. The light houfe lies in N lat. 32 41 52. White Point at the S end of the town, N lat. 32 44 30, W km. 80 C.9 45' KnoxviUe, the capital of Tcn- efTee, is much nearer to this.than to any feaport town on the Atlantic Ocean. A waggon road of only 15 miles is wanted to open the communication ; and th« plan IS about to be executed by the date. CbarJeJlowtt, a towndiip in Montgomery CO. I CHA CHA i m. N. Tork, on the S fide of Mohawk R. ^tbouc ^i miles W of ilchcncd\iidy. It hai aooi inhaliitaiitt. CLar/iJljtiii, a townfliip in Mifon eo. Kentucky ; liiuatcd on tlic Ohio at the mouth ot Lauren')) creek. It i» 6 milen N r>{ VVal1iinj;tOD, and 60 N Kof Lexington. H lat. .lR 4J. Charleflmvn, a townfliip in Chcflcr co. Pcnnlylvanin, on the W fide of Schuylkill, 7 inilfn above Norriftown. Charltjlown, a port town in Chefliire co. N. Hampfhire, en the E fide of Connetfli- cut R. 30 miles S of Dartmouth College ; upwards of 70 N of Northampton, 1 10 N of Wof Bofton, 80 W by N of Poi tfmouth, and 341 N N E of Philadelphia. It was incorporated in I753,iind contains 90 or loo noufes, a congregational church, a 'ourt houfe, an acadcmy.and 1364 inhab> itants. The road from BoAon to Quebec Jiafles through t his town. N lat. 43 1 6, W on. 72 19. A Imall internal trade is car- ried on here. Charltjiown, the principal town in Mid* (llefot CD. Maflachufetts, called Mijtawun by the aboriginal inhabitants, lies N of BAf- ton, with which it is connes arc a handfome con- ^i'fgaiional cliurch, with a flceplc, and a •lock prefented by the late Hon. Thomas Ji:iJfcU ; a. nc.'.t Baptifl: church, plealiuitly fituatcd on an eminence, erei^ed in 1800, an alms houfe, a marint- hofpitai crcdtcd fcy the government w the United States in iRe.% on Myllic river, by Chelfirti bridge, and a {>tHiitniiary h»uft, building by the Aaic on Lynde'* point, in the W iidr of the town. One of the Navy Yards of the United States is elhihltflied in the .S £ part of this town, on which a number of works arc already crci^ed, and prepat.n- tions making for others. A bridge built in 1803, over Mydic river, conncdls thii town with Chelfea, from which is an ex- cellent tiunpike road to Salem, completed in OA. 1833. 'i he Middlcl'cx canal erodes Charlcftown neck, and terminates in the bay whichfcts up W of the town. I'hcfe punlic works and improvements, enfure the future growth of this plcafant town. Several branches of manufadlures are here can icd on to advantage, particularly the ma.nufaifturc of pot and pearl aihes, fltip building, rum, leather in all its branches, particularly morocco, filver, tin, brafs, and pc-wtcr. Here is a printing ofiice, and three rope walks, and the increafe of its houfes, population, trade, and naviga- tion, have been very great within a few veais paft. I'his town is a port of entry in conjuntflion with Bu(k>n. At the head of the neck there is a bridge over Myftic river, which connects Charleftown wit^ Maiden. Cbarltfown, a thriving town in Jeirerfoa. CO. Virginia, lituated on the great road leading from Philadelphia to Wincbcftet ^ 8 mile!> S from Sbepherdftown, and 20 N E from Winchefter. Here is a pod oiTice^ 73 miles from Walhingtcn, a prefbytcrian meeting houfe, and an academy lately in- corporated. Lharleficnvn, a towndiip in Wa/lungton CO. Rhode Ifland, having the Atlantic ocean on the fouthward, and fcparatcd from Richmond on the northward by Charles river, a water of Pawcatuck. Some of its ponds empty into Pawcatuck river, others into the iva. It is 19 mill's N W of Newport, and contains 1454 in- habitants, including 12 (laves. A fcw ycars ago there were about 500 Indian* in the ftatc ; the greater part of them rc- fided in this townfliip. They arc peace- able and well difixjled to government, and fpeak the Engliili languiige. Cbarltjlown, in Kanhawa co. Virginia, confiding of a few Mattered houfes along the bank of the river, near to the mouth of the Elk. The plot of land on which it Itands is delightful. Chitrli^fu-wn, the chief town of Brooke CO. Virginia, on the E fide of the Ohio, at the mouth ftf Lulfnlot- creek. It is Z4 m!l»s CH A eiiA Srookc bio, at is M milw ■lilet from Wafliington in Pc>. A finall hot river, called the Uath, U thought to proceed from the laid girt ; amd alter running half a mile, lul'cs itl'clf in the fands of the fca. Black Rock pond, alraut a quarter of a mile N from the town, if milk warm, owing to the mixture of hot and cold fpring», yet it yields ex- cellent lidi ; particularly (ine ceU, lilver fifli, and llimguts. A prodigious piece of Nevis mountain falling down in an earth- quake, fevcral yean ago, left a large va- cuity, which i* flill to be feen. i he alti- Uide of this mountain, taken by a quad- rant from Charleftown bay, is faid to lie a mile and a half perpendicular ; aud from the faid hay to the top, four miles. The declivity from this mountain to the town h very Acep half way, but afterwards cafy of afceat. N lat. 16 ss, W Ion 6a 4*. Cb^rlijliiivii, or Ojliiiti, one of the four principal towns in the illaiMl uf Dai-badoe«. CbarUlon IpJnd, or Chjrles IJland, is lU- Mated at the bottom of Jamet.'s bay, hi New South Wales, on the coad of Lab- rador, and yields a beautiful profpct^, in fpring, tu chofc who arc near it, after ii voyage of 3 or 4 months in the molt uncomfortable fcai> on the globe, and that by the vafV m-ountains of ice in Hud- fi>n bay and (Iraits The whole idand, fpread with trees and 1>ranchc3, exhibits, as it were, a beautiful green tuft The air, even at the bottom of rite bay, though in 51 degrees, a latitude nearer the fun than London, is exccinvely cold for nine months, and very hot the other three, except on the blowing of a N W wind. The Toil on the E fide, as wrll as the W, beartt all kinds of nrain ; and I'ome fruits, poofcbcrries, ftrawberries, and dewber- ries, grow about Rupert'b bay. N lat. jz 30. W l«>n. 8a. Cb.ir!tton, a po(V town in Saratoga co. N. York, N of SchencAady, and W of Balltown. Gharhton, a townfliip in Worccflcr co Mairachufetts, W of Oxford. 60 miles S S W of Bonou, ij S \V of Wojceftcr^and fontalni aiio inhabitants. QnineAan;^ R. fornii iome of its rich intervale lands, and furniOics excellent mill feats fur thi«, and many adjacent towns. Charlitiu foil, in S. Carolina^ is on llic point of land where Tugekx) and Uroad rivers, uniting their water*, form Savan- nah R. According to Bertram, it is 1 milo below Fort James, D.irtmouili. N lat. j.), W Ion. 8a 35. Cljurloiii Haven, Ires at the mouth of Charlotte R. in K. Florida ; having Carlos bay on the S, and Rock Point on the northward. N lat. a;, W Ion. 8a 40. Charlotte R. is fed by Spiritu Santo L:i- goon, which communicates, by Delaware R. with Chatham or Funjo bay, which it 90 miles S Efrom Charlotte Haven. C.'jarltiilt, a pofl to^vn on the K tide of I>:tkc Champlain, and the s wcftcrnmon in Chittenden co. Vermont. Shclburnc on the N fcparatcs this town from Bur- lington. Inhabitants xaji. Split Rock, ia Lake Champlain, lies otfthis town. Charlotte, a fertile and populous co. in Virginia, lies 8 W of Richmcmd, on t!u; head waters of Staunton R. and contain* 5629 free inhabitants, and 6383 (laves. The court lioufc isiimilcs SSWof Prince Edward court houl'e, and 379, about thn fame courfe, from Philadelphia. A polt utRceis kept here, ajj miles from Wulli- ington. Ckirleitriiirr, a town in Brunfwick co. N. Carnliir.i. It ftandj on an illand, and has aninUtand lountl ui'ihc fame name, it little S of it. Ciarltitcniuriri, in Upper Canada, th« townfliip of, is on the river 8t. Lawrence,- and in the countj^ of Glcngary, being the fccond townihip in alcending. Charlotte, or CbarlutttfitiUe, a poft town in Suliibnry diftritSIr, N. Carolina.and chief town of Mecklenburg co. fltuatcd on StecK creek, which joins the Sugaw, and fall* intoCatabaw R. about 10 miles N of tho S. Carolina boundary, and 44 S of Salif> ■ bury. Here arc about 40 houfcs, a court honfe and gaol. Cbarhttevitle 7otvi>J£if, in tf>c co. of Norfolk, U. Canada, lies W of Wood- houfe, and fronts Long Point bay. The land is thinly timbered, and without un- derwood, which greatly facilitates cul- tivation ; it is welt calculated for roads, and i» fudlcicntly open for carriages, looking more like a royal foreft.than the uncultivated lands of iiHlure. "The loyal peafant, fighing after the government he iofl by the late revolution, tpavcl.v fron^ Vcaofylvaola^ 'i' n % n. CHA CMA l^nnfyTvania, in fearch of Iiis former I.iw« and protc port the Mofaic hiflory. They defcribe a deluge, which covered the whole earth, except the higheft mountains, on which they were prefervcd. They believe that immediately after death they pafs into another world, where they,inay?e«*ff/7no*, embark on a Urge river, which bears them into a great lake, in view of a delightful ifland. Here they arc judged according to the deeds done in the body, and re- ceive a fentence of everlafting reward or mifcry. If their good anions predomi- nate, they arc landid on the ifland where they riot in endlefs pleafures. If their wicked a<^ons weigh down the balancCj^ their canoe links, they are buried to their chins in water, where they for ever re- main, gazing with eovy and anguifh at the happy ifland, for ever (Iruggljng, but never able to reach the blifsful^f re. Mc Kenzie. Cbcptor, a fmall ^panifli town on the ifthmus of Darien ai d Terra Firma, in S. America, feated on a river of the fame name, 6 leagues from the fca. Lat. in 42, Ion. 77 JO. Cbeputnatekoot, the name of a portion cif the river in fome maps called Schoodook,^ and in others PaflTamaquoddy, or other- wife the exifting boundary between the United States and New Brunfwick. Chequetan, or Segualaneio^oatlie COafl o(. Mexico, or Ndw Spain, lies 7 miles weft- ward of the rock? ofSeguataneio, Between this and Acapuico, to the eaftward, is a beach of fand of 18 leagues extent, againft ""'hich the fea breaks fo violently, that it is impoilible for boats to land on any part of it ; but there is a good anchorage for (hipping at a mile or two from the (hcre,^ during the fair fealbn. The harbour of Chequetan is very hard to be traced, and of great importance to fuch veflcls as cruife in thefe (eas, being the moft fecure harbour to be met with in a vafl: extent of coaft, yielding plenty of wood and wa- ter ; and the ground near it is able to be defended by a few men. When Lord Anfon touched here, the place was unin-. habited. Cbera, a river near Colan, in the prov- ioce of Quito, ia Peru, ruoning to Amo* tage^ I Mi m S^i: I'll i iiii; ili CHfi t»gt ; from wbenp? |>alta has hi frefli water. Cberawf, formerly a 4iAri^ in the upper country of S. Carolina, now divided into Chefterfield,Marlborough,ai^dDarliDgton di(lri«Ste. 1 his part of Carolina is watered by Great PcdeeR. and a number of fmaller ftreams.on the banks of which the land is thickly fettled and well cultivated. The chief towns are Greenville and Chatham. The court houfe in Cheraws di(lrivhich it has beert their dcdiny to be en- gaged, with the northern Indian tribes, and with the whites, they are now reduc- ed to about 1500 warriors; and they are becoming weak and pufillanimuus. They have 43 towns now inh^thited, and are making coniidcrable advances towards civili)(atipn. Their fields are lEncIofed CHE with fences, and they have plenty pf peo* vifipiu. They fpin and weave, and have knives, forks, plates, tea cups, and other furniture in a comfortable ftyle. They taife large droves pf cattle for market. Cherry t^allfy, a poft town in Ptfcgo co. N. York, at the bead of the creek of the fame i^ame, about la miles N Epf Coop- erftcwn, an^ 18 fputherly pf ConajoharyD 61 yf of Albany, and 33^ from Philadel- phia.' It contains a Prelbyterian church, and an academy, which generally has 60 pr 70 fchplars. It is a fpacipus ouilding, 60 feet by 40. The town(hip is very large, and lies along the £ fide pf Otfego lake, and its outlet to Adiquataogie cretk. It has IJ52 inhabitants. This fettlement fufTered feverely from the Indiaps in the revolutionary war. Gbcfapeah, is one of the largeft and fafeft bays in the United States. Its entrance ijs ncirly E N £ and S S W, between Cape Charles, lat. 3714, and Cape Henry, lat. 37 in Virginia, \% miles wide, and it ex- tends 170 miles to the northward, divid- ing Virginia and Maryland. It is from 7 to 18 miles broad, and generally as much as 9 fathoms deep ; affording many com- modious harbours, and a fafe and eafy navigation. It has many fertile iflands, and tbefe are generally along the £ Gde~ pf the bay, except a few folitarv onc^ near the weftern ihore. A number of navigable rivers and other ftreams empty into it, the chief of which are Sufquehan- na, Patapfco, Patuxent, Potpwmac, Rap- pahannock, and York, from the N, all faige apd navigable. On the £ fide \% receives Elk, SaCafras, Chefter, Saint Mir chad's, Cboptanlc, Nanticokc, Wicomico^ l^anokip, and Pocomoke, befidc many unaller Areams. Chefapeak bay affords many excellent fiAieries of herring and {had. There are alfo excellent crabs and oyAer^ It is the refort of fwaos, but is more particuilarly remarkable for a fpe- cies of wild duck, called canvtifiack, whofe fle(h is entirely free from any fifliy taAe, and is admired by epicures, for its rich- pels and delicacy In a commercial point of view, this bay is of immenfe advantage to the neighbouring Aates, particularly to Virginia. Of that Aate it has been ob- fervcq, with fome little exaggeration, however, that " every planter has a river at his 4oor." Chefaunkook Lakt, the fource of the great W branch of Penobfcot river. Cbeefaiatud Lake, about aio miles N E by £ of the Canadian houfe, on the £ end ©f Che CHfi the great •f Slave lake, in the Hudfon ba^r eempi* ny's territory ; is about 35 miles in length and the Tame in breadth. Its weftern iborc is mountainous and rocky. CLeJhire Co. in N. Hampfliire, lies in the S W part of the ftate, on the E bank of Conne<£licut river. It has the (late of Maflachufetts on the S, Grafton eo. on the N, and Hillsborough co. £. It has 35 townfhips, of which Charleftown and Kecne are the chief, and 38,82^ inhab- itants. C6^i'r«, a town(hip inBerkfliire co.Maf> fachufetts ; celebrated for its good cheefe. The famous Mammoth cheefe, which was prefented to the Prcfidcnt of the United States, was made in this town ; 140 miles M weflerly from Bofton. It has 13 2 j in- habitants. Clefiire, a townfliip in New Haven co. Connedlicut, 15 milts N of New Haven city, and a6 S W of Hartford. It con- tains an Epifcopal church and academy, and 3 congregational churches. Chefnut Hill, a towofbip in Northampton CO. Pennfylvania. It has 916 inhabitants. Chifnut Ctreeh, a branch of the Great ICanhawa, in Virginia, where it crofTes the Carolina line. Here, it is laid, are iron mines. Cbefnut Ridge. Part of the Alleghany mountains, in l^ennfylvania, is thus call- ed, S eadward of Greenlborough. Chefier, a townlhip in Lunenburg co. Nova Scotia, on Mahone bay, fettled orig- inally by a few faniilies from New Ens- land. From hence to Wipdfor is a road, the diftance of 25 miles, CbHier, 9 townfliip in Hampfliire co. Maflachufetts, adjoining Wellfield on the £, and al>out ao miles N W of Springfield. It contains 1542 inhabitants. Chefier, a large, pleafant, and elevated JownmipinRoekingham cp.NJiampfhire. t is ai fniles in length ; and on the W £de is a lake or pond, called MafabeCc pond, 30 miles in circumference, which fends its waters to Merrimack R. It was incorporated in 1722, and contains 2046 inhabitants, who are chiefly farmers, it is Gtuated on the £ fide of Merrimack R. 14 miles N W of Havprhill, as far W of Bzeter, 30 W by S of Portfmouth, 6 northerly of Londonderry, and 306 from Philadelphia. From the compadl part of this town there is a gentle defccnt to the jfea, which, in a clear day, may be feen. It is a pod town, and contains above abo toufes, and a Congregational and a Pref- ytet tan qleeting houle. tUttlcfuakc hill, in this torrnfliip, is a great curiofity ; it !• half a mile in diameter, of a circular form, and 400 feet high. On the S fide, 10 yard^ from its bafe, is the entrance of a cave, called the Devil's Den, which is a room 15 or 20 feet fquare, and 4 high, floored and circled by a rcj^ular rock, from the upper part of which are depend- ent many excrefccnces, nearly in the torm and fize of a pear, which, when approach- ed by 3 torch, throw out a fparkling luf- tre of almoft every hue It i& a cold, dreary place, of which muny Irightful (lories are told by thofc who delight in the marvellous. Chefier, a poft town in Windfor co. Ver- mont, W of Springlield, and 11 milts W by S of CharleRown, in N. Hampfliire, and contains 1878 inhabitants. Chefier, a borough and puft town ia Pennfylvania, and the capital of Dela- ware CO. pleafantly fituated on the Vf fide Qf Delaware R. near Marcus t 00k, and 13 miles N £ of Wilmington. It contains about 100 houfes, built on a regular plan, a court houfe, a gaol, a church, a Quaker meeting houfe, a market and brick ichool houfe From Chefier to Philadelphia is 20 miles by water, and 15 N £ by laud ; here the river is narrowed by iflands of marfh, which are generally banked, and turned into rich and immenfely valuable meadows. The firA colonial alTcmbly was convened here, the 4th of Dec. 1682. I'he place atlbrds genteel inns and good entertainment, and is the refort of much company from the metropolis, during the fumnier feafon. It was incorporated in Dec. 1 79J, and \i governed by 2 burgcHes, a conftable, a town clerk, and 3 a(fi(l- ants ; whofe powet is limited to prcferve the peace and order of the place. A(bef- tos is found in the vicinity. Chejter Co. in Pennfylvania, W of Dela> ware co. and S W of Philadelphia ; about 45 miles in len|;th, and 3c in breadth. It contains 39 townHiijis, of which W. Chef- ter is the (hire town, and 32,093 inhab- itants. Iron ore is found in the northern parts, which employs 6 forges. Thefe manufadure about 1000 tons of bar iron annually. In the co. are )o6 mtrchant and grifl mills, 115 faw mills, 18 fulling mills, 4 flitting mills, 6 oil nulU. i fnuff mill, 6 paper mills, 2 furnaces, 8 forges, and 12 tilthammers. Chief town Weft Chefter. Chefer, a poll town of S. Carolina, 22 miles S of Pinckney court houfe, and j8 N W of Columbia. A pud office is kept here. f; CHE ^ >.«re. The town is watered by Sandy IL tt (lands on an eminence, on the great xnad from Virginia to Georgia. Cbefler R. A navigable water of the eaft* em ihorc of Maryland, which rifes two miles within the line of Delaware (tate, 1>j two fources, Cyprus and Andover crcelvS, which unite at Bridgetown ; runs nearly S weflward ; after pacing Cheder it runs S nearly 3 miles, whep it receives S £ creek, and 15 miles farther, in a S W diredkion, it empties into Chef^peak bay, at Love point. It forms an ifland at its mouth, and by a channel on the £ fide of Kent T. communicates with Eaftern bay. It is propofed to cut a canal, about 1 1 miles long, from Andover creek, a mile and an half from Bridgetown, to Salifbury, ' on Upper Duck creek, which faHs into Delaware at Hook ifland. Cbejfer, a poR town and capital of Kent CO. Maryland, on the W fide of Chefter Tiver, 14 miles from its confluence with the Chefapeak. It contains about 140 iu>ufcsi a church, college, court houfe, and jaol. The college has a fund of j^.txjo. A county court is held here twice a year, and an orplians court live times. It is 77 miles S W of Philadelphia. Cbefler, a fmall town in Shannandoah «was the moft fevere of any. There are tyro places, where the rocks bear marks of having been heated and calcined. Chefleijield, a diftrift in S. Carolina, oq the N. Carolina line. It is about 30 miles ;long, and 39 broad. CbeJ}erJ!eld Co. in Virginia, is between James and Appamatox rivers. It is about 30 miles long, and 35 broad ; and contains 6636 free inhabitants, and 7852 flaves. Cbefierjield Inlet, on the W fide of Hud- ion bay, in New South Wales, upwards of 200 miles in length, and from 10 to 30 in breadth ; full of iflands. Cbeferjield, a town in Efiex co. N. York, N of Willlborough,on the W bank of L. Champlain. Cheferfeld, a poft town, of Caroline ca Virginia, 1,0 z miles from Wafliington. Cbejteritnvn, a pad town and the capi- tal of Kent cp. Maryland, on the W fide of Cheder R. 1 6 miles S W of Georgetown, 38 £ by S from Baltiniiore, and 81 S W of Philadelphia. It contains about 140 houf- es, a church, college, conprt houfe, and gao]. The college was incorporated in 1782, by the name of WaJhingtoHf It is under th^ diredtion of 24 Trudees, who are empow- ered to fupply vacancies and hold edates, whofe yearly value fliall not exceed£.6oo9 currency. In 1787, it had a permanent fund of £.1250 a year fettled upon it by law, N lat. 39 la, W ion. 75 j 7. Cbetlmacbas. The Chetimachas fork is an outlet of Miififippi R. in Louifiana, about 30 leagues above New Orleans, and after running in a foutherly dire(flion about 8 leagues from that river, divides into two branches, one of which runs S wederly, and the other S eaderly, to the didance of 7 leagues, when they both empty their waters into the Mexican gulf. On the Chetimachas, 6 leagues from the Midifippi, there is a fettlement of Indians of the fame name ; and thus far it is uni- formly 100 yards broad, and from a to 4 fathoms deep, when the water is lowed. Some drifted logs have formed a flioal af its mouth on the Miflifippi ; but as th^ ^ater i^ deep under them, they could be GHI crnr •itiiry removed ; and the Indians fay there is nothing to impede navigation ftom their village to the gulf. The banks are more devated than thofe of the Miffifippi, and in fome placer are fo high as never to be overflowed. The natural productions are the fame as on the MlfTidppi, but the foil, from- the extraordinary fize and coiH- paAnefs of the canes, is fuperior. If meafures were adopted and purfued with a view to improve this commnnication,- there would foon be, on its hanks> the mod profperousand important fettlements in that colony. Chetimacbas, Grand Late cf, in Louifiana, near the mouth of the MilBfippi, is 24 miles long, and 9 broad. Lake de Portage,- which is 13 miles long, and i^ broad, communicates with this lake at the north- em end, by a ftrait ^ of a mile wide. The country bordering on thcfe lakes, is low and flat, timbered with cyprefs, live and other kinds of oak ; and on the eaflern fide, the land between it and the Chafai- aya R. is-divided by innumerable ftreams, which occafion as many iflands. Some of thefe dreams are navigable. A little dif- tance from the S eadern (liore of the lake Chetimachas, is an Ifland where perfons pafling that way generally halt as a refl- ing place. Nearly oppoflte this ifland, there is an opening which leads to the fea. h is about 150 yards wide, and has 16 er 17 fathom water. Cbetienbam, a townfliip in Montgomery CO. Pennfylvania, has 680 inhabitants. Chiametlan, a maritime province of Mexico, in N. America, with a town of the fame name, faid to be 3 7 leagues either way. from N to S, or from £ to W. It is ▼ery fertile, contains mines of iilver, and produces a great deal of honey and wax. The native Indians are well made and warlike. The river St. Jago empties into the fea here, N W from the point of St. Bias. The chief town is St. Sebaftian. Cbiapa, a river and inland province of Mexico or New Spain, in the audience of Mexico. This province is bounded by Tabafco on the N, by Yucatan N E, by Soconufco S E, and by Vera Paz on the E. It is 85 leagues from E to W, and about 30 where narrowed, but fome parts are near 100 It abounds with great woods of pine, cyprefs, cedar, oak, wal- aut.wood vines, aromatic gums, balfams, liquid amber, tacamahaca, copal, and oth- ers, that yield pure and fovereign balfams; »lfo with corn, cocoa, cotton and wild co- chineal, pears, apples, quinces, &c. Here th^y have achiotte, which th6 natirei mix* with their chocolate to give it a bright colour. Chiapa abounds with cattle of all forts ; it is famous for a fine breed of horf- es, fo valuable, that they fend their colt* to Mexico, though 500 miles off. Beads of prey are here in abundance, with fox- es, rabbits, and wild hogs. In this prov- ince there is variety of fnakes, particular- ly in the hilly parts, fome of which are faid to be 30 f cet long, others of a curi- ous red cdour, and drcaked with white and black, which the Indians tame, and even put them about ttieir necks. Here are two principal towns called Chiapa. The' Chiapefe are of a fait complexion, courteous, great maders of mufic, painting and mechanics, and obedient to their fu- periors. The-principal river isthatof Chi- apa, which, running from the H; througii. the country of the Quelenes, at lad falls into the fea at Tabafco. It is well water-^ cd ; and by means of Chiapa R. they car- ry on a pretty brlflc trade with the ncigh- boui'ing provmces, wliich chiefly confids. in cochineal and filk ; in which lad com- modity the Indians employ their wives for making handkerchiefs of all colours, whicit arc bought up by the Spaniards and fent to Europe. Though the Spaniatds reckon this one of their poored provinces in A- merlca, as having no mines or fand of gold, nor any harbour on the S Sea, yet in iizc it is inferior to none but Gautima- la. Befide, it is a place of great import- ance to the Spaniards, becaufe the dreugth. of all their empire in America depends on. it ; and into it is an eafy entrance by the. river Tabafco, Puerto Real, and its vi- cinity to Yucatan. Chiapa, the name of two towns int he above province ; the one is fometime» called Cividad Real, or the Royal city, an'', the other Chiapa de los Indos, inhaVli.ea by Spaniards. Cividad Real is a b ' <^ op's fee, and the feat of the judicial c> \^rts. It is delightfully fituated on a plai . furrounded with mountains, and ahnod equally diflant from the North and South Seas, and 100 leagues N W from Guatimala. T!ie bifli- op's revenue is 8000 ducats a year. The place is neither populous nor rich ; and the Spanifli gentry here are become a proverb on account of their pride, igno- rance, and poverty. It has feveral mon- aderies ; and the cathedral is an elegant drudture. This city is governed by mag- idrates chofen amongd the burgefles of the town, by a particular privilege granted them by the king of Spain. NIat. 17, W m m m i iiv cm W 9 bafco, which abounds with fifli, and is about 1 2 leagues N W of Chiapa, or Civi- dad ReaL The celebrated Bartholomew de las Cafas, the friend of mankind, was the firfl bi(hop of Chiapa ; and having complained to the court of Madrid of the cruelties of the Spaniards here, procured the people great privileges, and etcmption from (lavery. This is a very large and rich place, with many cIoi(ters and church- es in it, and no town has fo many Dont of Indian blood at this Chiapa. On the river they have feveral boats, in which they often exhibit fea fights and fieget. In the tavlrons are feveral farmi well flocked ^th cattle, and forae fugar plantationi. IVheat is brought here from the Spanifli Chiapa, and of it they make hard bifcuit, which the poorer Spaniardt and Indians carry about and exchange for cotton wool, ttr fuch little things at they want. There are about ao,ooo Indiant m this town. Cbieapee, or Cbickabee, a fmall river in MafTachufetts. The principal branches of which rife in Rutland and Leicefler, unit- ing in the E part of Brookfield, the ftream funs into Quaboag pond, ifluing thence it tmitet with Ware nver, and 6 miles after empties into the ConneAicut at Springfield. Chiecamoftga, a large creek which runt N wefterlv into Teneiree river. Its mouth is 6 milet above the Whirl, and about 27 S Wfpom the mouth of the Hi- wafTee. N lat 35 18. The Chircamogga Indian towns lie on thit creek and on the bank of the Tenefliee. See Cbkiamagts. Chiehejhr, Upper and Lower, two town- fliips in Delaware co. Pennfylvania, the firft containing 385, the other 52a inhab- itants. Chicbefier, a fmall towndiip in Rocking- ham CO. N. Hampfhire, about 35 miles N W of Exeter, and 45 from Portfmouth. It lies on Stmcook R was incorporated in Z727, and contains 77.^ inhabitants. Cb'tchabominy, a fmall navigable river in yirginia. At its mouth in James river, 37 miles from Point Comfort, in Chefa- peak bay, is a bar, on which is only 12 feet water at common flood tide. Veflels paiGng that, may go 8 miles up the river ; thofe of 10 feet draught 12 miles ; and TefTels of 6 tons burden may go 32 milet tip the riven Cbiciamaeomleo Creek, in Dorchefler co. Maryland, runs fouthetly between the cfeii towns of Middletown and Vienna, |ii4 empties into Filhing bay. ^ Ciitiamaga, a part of the Cherokee na^ tion of Indiant, known by thit name, in- habit 5 villaget on TcnelTce river. Set Cbiecamogva, Cbtekafatu Stuff, is on the eaftem bank of the MilOrippi, within the territory of the United States, in N lat. is. The Span'< iardt eredtedhere a Arong, ftockaded fort« with cannon, and furnilhed it with troopi, all in the fpace of 24 hourt, in the month of June, 1 7 95 . It h:i8 fince been given up according to the treaty of 1 796. Cbiehafatu, a creck which fallt into the Wabaib from the £, a little below PoA St. Vincent. Cbukafaw, a river Which empties into the Miflirippi, on the £ fide, 104 milet I| from the mouth of Margot, and 67 S W of Mine au fer. The landt here are of aa excellent quality, and covered with a va' riety of ufeful timber, canes, &c. Thie river may be afcended during high floods upwards of 30 miles with boato of feveral tpns burden. Cbiciafawt, a famous nation of Indians, who inhabit the country on the £ fide of the Miflifippi, on the head branches of the Tombigbee, Mobile and Yazoo rivers, in the N W corner of the ftate of Georgia* and N of the country of the Chodlaws. Their country is an extenfive plain, toler- ably well watered from fprings, and of a pretty good foil. They have 7 towns, th4( central one of which is in N lat, 34 23, W Ion. 89 3a The number of fouls in this nation has been formerly reckoned at 1725, of which SIS Were fighting men. There are fome negroes among the Chicko afaw8,,who either were taken captive in war, or ran away from their mafters, and fought fafety among the Indians. Their origin as given to a late Millionary, Mr. BuUen, is this : » We are only a family from a great, rich nation, towards the fet- ting fun, as far as Indians travel in two moons ; our fathers dreamed that towards the rifingfunwasthe land of life ; thefepeo- ple know more than Indians,andareabove want ; from tliem our poft-jrity will learn good things. Our fathers then travelled^ came here ; this i» the land of life. Our great Father's -uibitf children, know more than Indians ; Chickafaws not hurt any of them. Bye and bye we learn of them thinge m;ike us glad." This agrees with the hif« tory of their conduct; other accounts fay they glory in having never iflicf! the blood of aa JGngUihAaierican ; that they have CHI CHI )i&ve merited more from the United'Statei khan all the other Indian tribes. Like other ravages they believe in witchcraft ; every man has as many wives as he pleaf- es ; their connedtion is onlv during the plealure of the parties ; the cnildren when the parents feparate belong to the mother. A Chickafaw beau is loaded with orna« ments,and covered with various paintings, with a lookioe glafs in his pocket, or fuf- pended by his tide. They have lately given a kind reception to a Chriftian Mifllonary from N. York, and it may be hoped that foon morals and the (late of fociety will be improved among them. They have fields well cultivated, plenty of cows, horfes, hogs, and corn. Num- bers of white people have fettled in their neighbourhooa,over whom our agent with the Indians suSts as magiflrate. In one of their towns is a pofl office. In 1539, Fer- dinand de Soto, with 900 men, belide fea- men, failed from Cuba with a defign to conquer Florida. He travelled northward to the Chickafaw country, about lat. 35 or 36 ; and 3 years after died, and was buri- ed on the bank of MifTilippi river. Cbhomuzelo, a town in the province of Chiapa, in New Spain, having a cave very narrow at the entry, but fpacious within, with a (lagnant lake, which is, however, clear, and is a fathoms deep towards the banks. Cbihemeeomet IJlandy or ChfclminoclcumU tack, on the coalt of N. Carolina, lies be- tween Roanoke ifland and the northern entrance into Pamlico found. Cbihohoeii, an Indian nation who were confederates of the Lenopi or Delawares, and inhabited the weflern bank of Dela- ware R. which was anciently called by their name. Their fouthera boundary was Duck creek, in Newcadle co Cbiiago R. empties into the S W end of lake Michigan, where a fort formerly (lood. Here the Indians have ceded to the United States, by the treaty of Greenville, a tradl of land 6 miles fquare. CbigneSlo Channel, the N weftern arm of tlie bay of Fundy, into which Petitcodiac R. falls. The fprlng tides rife here 60 feet. CbilapaH, a town in N. Spain, in the country of the Cohuixcas. Between this and Tcoiltylan is an entire mountain of loadflone. Cbilca, a town in the jurifditSkion of Ca- nette in Peru, S. America, celebrated for its excellent faltpetre, of which gim pow* der is made in the metropolis. It abounds with plenty of fifh, fruits, pulfe, and poul- Vot. I, K try, In which it carries on a very confider- able trade with Llm», 10 leagues diftant. Slat, ta 31, W Ion. 765. Cbile/hury, a nod town in Caroline co* Virginia, 90 miles from Wnfliingtoii. Cbiii, in S. America, is bounded by Peru, on the N ; by Paraguay or La Plata, on the E ; by Patagonia, on the S ; and by the Pacific Ocean on the W. It is in length about ia6o miles, in breadth 580 ; between aj and 44 S lat. and between 65 and 85 W Ion. It lies on both lides of the Andes. Chill proper, lies on the W ; and Cuyo or Cutio, on the E. The principal towns in the former, are St. Jago and Bal- divia ; in the latter, St. John de Frontiera. The climate of Chili, is one of the inoft delightful in the world, being a medium between the intenfe heats of the torrid, and the piercing colds of the frigid zones. Along the coaft tff the Pacific ocean,they en- joy a fine temperate air, and a clear ferene fky, mod part of the year ; but fometimcs the winds that blow from the mountains, in winter, are exceedingly fharp. There are few places in this extenfive country, where the foil is not exuberantly rich ; and were its natural advantages fecondcd by the indudry of the inhabitants, Chili would be the mod opulent kingdom in America. The horfes and mules of Chili, are in great edeem, particularly the form- er. Prodigious numbers of oxen, goats and flieep, are fattened in the luxuriant padiires ofChili,and indeed this is the only part of huibandry to which the inhabitants pay any confiderable attention. An ox well fattened may be piirchafed, for four dollars. Turkeys, geefe, and all kinds of poultry, are found here in the fame pro- fulion. The coads abound with many ex- cellent fifli ; there are alfo vad numbers of whales and fea wolves. The foil produces Indian and European corn, hemp, grapes, and all other fruits. The European Iruit ttees are obliged to be propped to enable them to fuftain the weight of tiie fruit. Orange trees are in bloom and bear fruit throughout the year. Olives alfo, and almond trees, thrive exceedingly well; and the inhabitants prtfs a kind of mufcadine wine from the grapes, which far exceeds any of the kind made in Spain. Mines of gold, filvcr, copper, tin, quickfd ver, iron and led, abound in this country. Vad quantities of gold are waflied down from the mountains by bi ooks and torrents; the annual amount of which when manufac- tured, is «dimated at no Icfs than 8co,ooo dollars. Chili has always had commer- cial y CHI CHI c!h1 conncdUont with the nctghbourmglii* dians on its frontiers, with Peru and Para- gun. The Indians, in their tranfadtions, are found to be perfe<5lly honcfl. Chili fitpplies Peru with hides, dried fruit, cop- per, fait meat, horfes, hemp, and corn ; and receives in exchange, tobacco, Aigar, cocoa, earthen ware, fome manufatfturcs made at Quito, and fome articles of luxury brought from Europe. To Paraguay die fends wine, brandy, oil, and chiefly gold ; and receives in payment, mule«, wax, cot- ton, the herb of Paraguay, negroes, &c. The commerce between the two colonies is not carried on by fca ; it hath been found more expeditious, fafer, and even lefs cxpendve, to go by land, though it is 354 leagues from St. Jago to Buenos Ay- res, and more than 40 leagues of the Wiiy arc amidfl the fnows and precipices of the Cordilleras. The Indians in this country are flill in a great meafurc unconquercd ; they live fcattercd in the deferts and for- efls, and it is impoHible to afcertain their numbers. Thofc Indians, which are not fubjet^ to the Spanlfh yoke, are very honeft in their commercial tranfaiflions ; but like almod all other Indians, they are very fond of fpirituous liquors. They live in fmall huts, which they build in the courfc of a day or two at fartheft ; and which they abandon when hard puflied by an enemy. They are brave and war- ]tke,and all theattemptsof the-Spaniardsto fubduc them have proved inefleiflual. It is almod equally difficult to afcertain the number of Spaniards in Chili. The Abbe Raynal fays, there are 40,000 in the city of St. Jago ; if this be true, the aggregate number in all the provmces of Chili muft be more confiderablc than has been gen- erally fuppofed. St. Ja£0 is the capital t»f this country, and the feat of government. The commandant there is fubordinate to the Viceroy of Peru, in all matters relating to the government, to the finances, and to war ; but he is independent of him as chief adminiflrator of juflice,and preiident of the royal audiance. Eleven inferior officers, diftributed in the province, are charged, under hi'ii orders, with the de- tails of admihifh-atibn. This country was fird difcovered by Don Diego d'Alm:igro, in i5»5- Cbilbowee Mountain, in the foutheaftern part of the ftate of Teneflee, and between it and the Cherokee country. Ctm/yuaque, a townfhip'on Sufquehanna K. in Pcnnlylvania. CkiUaknthf, an Indian town on the Great Miami, which was deftrnyed In 1 781 by > body of militia from Kentucky. Gen. Harmar fuppofes this to be the " Englilli Tawixtwi," in Hutchins's map. Here are the ruins of an old fort ; and on both fidei of the river are extenfive meadows. I'his name is applied to many different places, in hone— of an influential chief, wlio for- merly headed the Shawanoes. See Tuwixi- tivi. Cbillahibe, Oiif, is an Indian town dfr (Iroycd by the forces of the U. 8. in 1780. It lirs about 3 miles S of Little Mianri R. The country in its vicinity is of a rich foil, and is beautifully chequered with meadows. Cbilmartf a townfhip OB Martha't Vineyard I. Duke's co. MafTachufetts, containing 8co inhabitants. It lies 90 miles S by E of Boftoa Sec Martbat Vineyard,. Chilott a conliderable ifland of Chili, 3. America, the S part of which is divided from the continent by a narrow fea, and the continent there forms a bay ; it is iTtuatcd between 49 and 44,of S lat. being about ijo miles in length and zi in breadth. The illand prodiKcs all neccf- fary proviiions, excepting wine, and quan- tities of ambergris are found on the coafh It has an iudiflTerent fort called Chacao. Caftro, the chief town, Aands between two brooks, with afmall cadle which com- mands the harbour. It has no other de- fence, and the houfes are few and fcat- tercd. Chllloat, ajurifdidlion in the biHiopricli: of Truxillo, in S America. Cbilques, a jurifdidlion of S. America, in Peru, fubje mile» K N E of Lancafter, and 50 W N W of Philadelphia. It hai 1% houfe*, and an £pifcopal church ; and in the environs are two forges, which manufatSlurc about 450 tons of bar iron annually. Ciofiea, a JurifdiiSlion in Peru, fubjctfl to the archbiOiop of Plata, and 90 leagues didant from that city ; abounding in co- coa, cattle, and fomc filver minct. Ciiola, or Cive/a, the name of a town in, and alio the ancient name of. New Gran- ada, in I'erra Firma, S. America. The country here, though not mountainous, is very cool ; and the Indians are faid to be (he whiteii, wittied, mod iincere and or- derly of all the aboriginal Americans. When the country was difcovered, thev had each but one wife, and were excei- ft^rely jealous. They worfliipped >vater, and an old woman that was a maj>ician ; ^nd believed Ihe lay hid under one of their lakes. Cicero, in I^yfander townfltip, N. York, on the 8 W fide of Oneida lake ; and be- tween it, the SiUt lake, and the Salt fpriugs. See Lyfandtr. Cinaloa, called by fomc Cinoko, a prov- ince in the audience of Galicia, in Old Mexico or New Spain. It has the gulf of California on the W.the province of Cu- liacan on the S, and the kingdom of New Mexico on the N and E. From S E to N E it is about ico league? ; and not above 40 where broadeft. On the £ fide it is bounded by the high, craggy mountains, called Tepecfuan, 30 o^ 40 leagues from the fea. It is well watered, its rivers abound with fifh, and the air is ferene and healthfuL Tt abounds with all forts of fruit, and grain, and cotton. The natives arc hardy and induflrious, and manufac- ture cotton cloth, with which they clothe themfelves. Cine. nati. a fiourlfliing poll town in the ft-ite of Ohio. It ft.inds on the N bank ofthcOhio,oppofite the mouth of Lick- ing R. %\ miles S W ot Fort Wafliington, and about 8 miles weflerly of Columbia. Both thefe towns lie between Great and Little Miami rivers. Cincinnati cantains about ^^00 houfes ; ami is 8imilt!» N by % of Frankfort ; 90N \v 01 1.cxin^tcn.and it 779 W by S of riiiladelphia. borne per- luns a fliort time lince, in digging a well, on the hill, in tiiit toun, at tlie Uuptli of 90 feet came to »jKmji ot a tree, the routs ul which were iu ibuiul th.ii tliey had tu be cut aw.iy with an uxe ; >t 94 icct they came to another, which Uiil bure evident marks of the axe, and on its ((>[> there n])- pcared as if fume irun tool hail been cuii- fumed by ruA. N lat. ,{9 22, Vf Ion. 8 j 44. Cindimalui, is the U eaAerniiujIt of the military lownlivips of N. York flate. le lui Virgil W, and Salem C, aud lies on twu branches of Tioughntoga K. a N welki 11 branch of the Chenango. The center ot" the town lies jj miles S W by W of CooperOown, and 398 E by S ot th^ ii ^ end of Salt Laltc. N lat. 42 jo. Cirenctjhr, Sec Marcus Hook. City J'eiHt,\n Prince (ieorge co. Virginia, a polt oflicc is kept here, 169 milet. iroin Walhington. See Bi^rmuJa Hundred. CividtdJ Jieal,i\iii capital city iit Chiapa, in New Spain. In 15 70, it contained abuut 100 Spaniih ioltabitauts. See Cbiafa. Cividad Rtul, is the capital of the prov- ince qfGuaira,iu the EdiviuonofParugu|y> Cluiti, Late aux, now Lake Simcuc, is fituatcd between York and Glouccfter bay on Lake Huron, in U. Canada ; it has « few finall illands, and fevcral good har- bours ; a vefl'cl has been built for the pur- pofe of facilitating the communication b^ that rout. Smyth. Clair, St. a county in the Indi.aia terri- tory, was laid oft' 17th April, 1790. Itf. boundaries are thus oirtciiklly uefcribcd : " Bcginniiig at the mouth of the Little Miehillimackinack river ; running thence foutherly in a dired line tu the moutii of ^hc Little rivei above fort Maflac, upon the Ohio fiver ; thence with the Ohio t« its junction with the Mifhfippi ; thence up the Mifliiippi to the mouth of the Illinos river ; and up the Illinois to the place of beginning, with all the adjacent illands of the faid rivers Illinois and MilU- lilipi." It contains 1255 inhabilant*. Cluir, St. a fort in tlie Indiana territory, 25 miles N 01 I'ort Hamilton, on a fmall creek which falls into the Great Miami ; 21 mil?s S of fort JefFcrlbn. Cluir, St Late, lies a'oout half way be- tween lake Huron and lake trie, 90 miles ill circumference. It receives the waters of the three great lakes, .Superior, Michi- gan, and Huron, and dilchargcs tiicin through the river or ftrait, calii'd D'ii- troit, or the .Strait, into hike luie. Its channel, as alio tiiat of the lake, is fulii- cicntly CLA CLA m I ir!pntly deep for veflcis of very confidera- )»\e burden. See D'Eiroit. Clam foivn. See Ef^g harbour. Clare, a townlhip on St. Mary's bav> «n Annapolis co. Nova Scotia. It has a()out JO families, and is cuinpoled of woodland And fait marih. CLiremont, a poft town in Chediire co. N.Hampfliire, on the E fide of Connc«ili- cut river, oppodtc Afcutncy mountain, in Vermont, and or» the N lide of Sugar R. 14 miles S of Dartmouth college, and 8» S W by W of Portfmouth. It was inr corporated in 1764, and contains 1889 in- habitants. Claremont, Co. in Sumptcr diftri the vvliole height 200 feet above high water mark. la^ urdsr that this Light may he diftinguifliutl CL A CLE JiftmguIflicJ from the Bofton and other Lights on this coaft, an eclipfcr is eretftud, which will revolve around the lamps one; in 80 feconds, fo that the Light will be nearly excluded from the eye of the ap- proaching mariner alx)Ut 30 feconds, in one revolution of the eclipfe. To render the benevolent defigns of Conijrefs as ex- tentivcly ufeful as poUible, the Marine Society in Dorton, by a large committee from their body, whofe views have been feconded by others, have taken fuel* dif- tances and l)earings as they thought necef- fary ; which obfervations giving light and fafety, are added for the benefit of all in- terefted, and are as follow : Vellels out- ward boimd, from Bofton light houfe, and would wifli to fall in with Cape Cod, the courfeis £ S E.diftance 1.5 leagues; thence 3 leagues to the light houfe. When up with the light houfe, and it bears t> W z kagiies diftancc, you may then fteer S S E, which will carry you out of the S chan- nel. VeTels inward bound and fall in with the back of CapeCod,bringthe Light to bear S W 2 leagues diftance ; then you may fteer W N W for Bofton light houfe. If you would wifh togo into Cape Cod har- bour, you mav keep the fliore aboard about a mile diftant, where you will have 10 fathom swater. There is a bar lies ofF the back of the Cape, about half a mile from the fliore. When up with Race point, which is very bold, and about 3 leagues to the weftwardof the light houfe, and may be known by a number of fifli houfes on it. From i to 3 miles to the fouthward of Race point, is what is called Herring Cove, where you may have good anchoring half a mile from thefhore, the wind from E to N N E in 4 or even in 3 fathom water. If bound into Cape Cod harbour, your coiirfe from Race point to Wood end, is S S E 6 miles diftance, bring the Light to bear bv N, and run for it about a miles, you will then be clear of Wood End ; then you mnft fteer N E un- til the Light bears E by S ; then run N W for the harbour, until you have from 4 to 3 ^ fathom water, where you have good anchoring ; the Light then will hear E by S -^S 5 or 6 miles diftance. In running from the Race point to Wood End, after you pafs the BJack Land or Hummucks, yoii will come up with a low fandv beach, which forms the harbour, extending be- tween 2 and ^ miles to Wood End, which i» difficult to be diftinguirtied in the night, it is very bold you will have 25 fathom tirater withiu lialf a oule of the diore» I* !gUl beating into Cape Cod harbour, you tnuiH' keep the eaftern fliore aboard, until you get into 5 fathom water. Stand no fur- ther to the weftward than to bring the Light to bear E by .S, as there is a long fpit of fand runs off from the wefterra fliore which being very bold,you will have 1 1 fathom water within a ftone's throw of fliore. In cafe it blows fo hard that yoit cannot beat in the harbour, you will have, good anchoring without, from 10 to i,f fathom water. Vefl'els in Bofton bay, anci would wifli to put away for Cape Cod harbour, muft endeavour to fall in with the Race. If in the night, and you can- not fee the land, you muft bring the Light to bear E by N, and run for it until you have foundings in 14 or 15 fathom water; then fteer N E until the Light bears E by S, then run in N Wfor the harbour. At full and change it is high water off Race point at 10 o'clock and 4? minutes. Vef- fels in leaving Cape Cod, bound to Bofton, fliould calculate the tide, as the flood fet* ftrong to the S W. Cle.tr IVater Creek, fifes among thff fouthern branches of Dick River, and empties into the Teneflee on the N iidc, e mile above the mouth of the Occacliappo. CUri's Iilei, lie S W from, and at the en- trance of Behriiig's ftraits, which fcparats Alia from America. They rather belong to Ada, being very near, and S S W froiiii tlie head land which lies bi-tween the ftraits and the gulf of Anadir, in Afia. They have their name in honor of that able navigator, Capt. Clci*k, the compan- ion of Capt. Cook. In other maps they are called St. Andrea Ides. Clermont, a CO. in thc ftate of Ohio. Clermont, a poft town in Columbia co» N. York, 6 miles from Red h<;nk, 15 froim Hudfon, and 117 milci t' of N. York. The townfliip contains 114a inluiijitants. Clermont, a village 1^ miles from Cam- den, S. Carolina. In the late war, here was a block houfe encompafled by an al>- batis. It was taken from col. Rugcly, of the Britilli militia, in Dec. 1781, by an in- genious rtratagein of licut. col. Wafl.ing- ton. Clfelamf, a town in Trumbull co. ftnte of Ohio, fituated on lake Erie at the mouth of Cuyahoga, on the E fule, 60 miles N \V Youngftowi), and 125 N W Pittfl)urgh This town has been regularly laid out, and- will probably foon become a place of im- portance, as the Cuvahoga willfiirnifli the eaficft coniniunic.ition bttwctn lake Erie and the Oliio. With litclo cxptufe a llife k.irb'jur '■>ii\ CLI COS frariiour may be formed at this town, for vefl'cU and boats which trade on the lake. The difficulty it a bar at the mouth of the river, which varies frequently. In the compact part of the town there were in i8oi, xo or i% houfes ; and in the whole town about aoo inhabitants. Clie, Lake le, in U. Canada, about 38 miles long, and 30 broad ; its waters com- municate with thofe of Lake Huron. CIImIj Mountain, divides the waters of Hulfton and Clinch rivers, in the flate of TenelFee. In this mountain, Burk's Gar- den, and Morris's Nob, might bedefcrib- ed as curioiities. Clirub, or Pelefon, a branch of Teneflec R. It rifes in Virginia, navigable for boats aoo miles, and after it enter? the ftate of I j rt Tcneflce, receives Powtl's, and Poplar's creek, and Emery's river, befide other fireams. The courfe of the Clinch is S W and S W by W. Its mouth, 150 yards %vide, lies 1$ miles below Knoxvillc, and 60 above the mouth of the Hiwaflee. Ctiiiton,\\\Q mod northern county of the flate of N. York, is bounded N by Cana- da, E by the dcepeft waters of lake Cham- plain, which line fcparatcs it from Ver- mont ; and S by the Great Sables river. In this county, and Eflex, which was formed from the S part of Clinton co. in Feb. 1 799, are 8j 14 fouls. In 1 790 there were but 1614. A great proportion of the lands in thcfe counties are of an ex- cellent quality, and produce abundance of the various kinds of grain cultivated in oihcr parts of the ftate. The people manufadlure earthen ware, pot and pearl ;iflics, in large quantities, which they ex- port to N. York or Quebec. Their wool is excellent ; their beef and pork fecond to none ; and the price of flail fed beef in Montreal, 60 miles from Platfburgh, is fuch as to encourage the farmers to drive their cattle to that market. Tiieir forcfts fupply them with fugar and molafits, and the foil is well adapted to the culture of hemp. The land carriage from any part of the country, in tranfporting their pro- duce to N. York, does not exceed i8 miles. The carrying place at Ticondcroqa is \\ miles ; and from Fort George, at tlie S end of the lake of that name, to Fort Edward, is but 14 miles. The ftnall obftrudtions after that are to be removed by the pro- piietors of the northern canal. From this country to Qnebcc, are annually feut large rafts ; the rapids at St. John's and Cham- blce, being the only interruptions in the navig,ition,and thofe not fo groat,' liat at fnme feafons, hatteaux with 60 bu(1iet;t of fait can afcend them. Salt is fold here: at half a dollar a buflicl. Saranac, Sable, and Bouquet rivers Water Clinton co. The firft is remarkable for the quantity of falmon it produces. Clinton, a poft town in Dutchcfs co. N. York, above Poughkeepfie. It is large and thriving, and contains 5208 inhalv itants. Clinton, a town in the S E corner of Chenengo co. N. York, on Sufquehanna river and in the townfliip of Jericho. Clinton,2L town in Kcnnebeck co. Maine, 37 miles from Hallowell. See Hancock. Clinton, parilli. in the townlhip of Paris, 7 miles from Whiteftown, is a wealthy, pleafant, flourilliing fettlement, contain- ing feveral handfome houfes, a newly credled Prefbyterian meeting houfe, a convenient fchool houfe, and an academy delightfully lituated. Between this fet- tlement and the Indian fettlements at Oneida, a diflance of iz miles, (in June, 1796) was wildcrnefs, without any inhab- itants, excepting a few Indians of the old Oneida village. Clintons Hdrbour, on the N W coaft of N. America, has its entrance in N lat. 5% 12, W Ion. 136. Capt. Gray named it after Gov. Clinton of N. York. Clijlinos, a fierce nation of Indians who inhabit round Hudfon bay. See Nno Britain. CMer, a village in Bergen co. N- Jcrfey, 7 miles S E of Peramus, and 16 N of N. York city. Clyoquot, a found or bay on the N W coaft of America, wcftcrlcy from Berkley's Sound. See JLincod's Harbour, Coatxacualco, a navigable river of New Spain, which emptier into the gulf of M.: ico, near the country of Onnhualco. C,ob:lihill, or Cobiijkill, a town in Scho- h ric CO. N. York, on Cobus creek, con- ta ns 1765 inhabitants. It was incorpo- rated in J 797. Cobhefeconte,\i a fmall, crooked river, in Kennebcck co. Maine, the N branch of which rifes from Cobbcfeconte Ponds, which lie cliieily in the town of Winthrop; the foutheru branch fprings from ponds in and near Bowdoin and Bowdoinham ; thefe branches unite in Pittftown, and running E N E, fall into the Kennebeck near thedivifional line between Pittftown and Hallowell. At the mouth of this river arc extenfivc flats, and a mile from its mouth are falls on which mills are ercAed. Qibeqidt, or ColcheJlcrR, in Nova Scotia, rifes eoH COH crfcy, of N. river, in anch of Ponds, inthrop; ponds jinliam ; m, and ntxcbeck ittftown his river "rom its ercove the level of the fea; and few or none of the tropical fruits will flourifli in fo cold a climate. The general date of the thermometer is from 55 to 65 ; and even fometimes fo low as 44 , fo that a fire there, even at noon day, is not only comfortable, but neceflary a great part of the year. Many of the Englifh fruits, aa the apple, tJie peach, and the drawbtrry, flourifli there in great perfection, with feveral other valuable exotics, as the tea tree and other oriental produ«5lions. Cold Spring Cove, near Burlington, ^f. Jtrfcy, is remarkable foi its fand and clay, ufcd in the manufa«nure of glafs ; from whence the glafs works at Hamilton, 10 miles W of Albany, are fupplied with thefe articles. Colebrooh, in the northern part of N. Hampfliire, in Grafton co. lies on the £ bank of eonneut I mile above Beard's blufF, or any where from thence down the river, tin the lands of the Indians ;" and the hi- diins agreed to *' annex to faid pod a tradt of land ol' 5 miles fquare ;" and in return for this, and other tokens of friendihip on the part of the Indians, the United States ftipulatcd to give them goods to the value •f 6oo3 dollars, and to furnifli them with two blackfmiths with tools. Cole/ville, a port town of Dinwiddle co. Virginia, 15a miles from Wafliington. Giles Cteti, a fmall Dream in JcfFcrfon CO. MifTilippi Territory. Co/ima,A\2Lrge and rich town of Mecbo- acan and New Spain, on the South Sea, near the borders of Xalifca, and in the mod pleafant and fruitful valley in all Mexico, producing cocoa, cailia, and other things of value, biifide fome gold. Dam- pier takes notice of a volcano near it, with two fliarp peaks, from which fmoke and flame iflue continually. The fanions plant oleacazan grows in the neighbour- hood, which is reckoned a cathnlicon for rtftoring decayed ftrength, and a fpecific againd all forts of poifon. The natives apply the leaves to the parts aflTcdled, and judge of the fuccefs of the operation by their flicking or falling ofF. Colleton, a. d\{ir\e Congaree, jull btlow the confluence of Saluda and Broad rivers. The drects are regufar, and the town contains 80 or 100 houfes. The public oflices have, in ' fome meafure, been divided, for the ac- commodation of the inhabitants of the Imver counties, and a branch of each re- tained in Charlcdon. The STouth Caro- lina College is edabliflied in this town, and was incorporated in i8oi. The buildings are in forwardnefs. The fum of 50,000 dollars was appropriated in the aA of incorporation for the ere»5lion of the necefTary edifices, and an annual fum of 6000 dollars for the fupport of the fac- ulty of the college. Further donations have been made by the legiflature of the date- It lies 1.15 miles N NW of Charlef- ton, 35 S W of Camden, 85 from Auguda* in Georgia, and 678 S W of Philadelphia. N lat. 34 1, W Ion. 80 57. Columbia, a flourifliing pod town in Goochland co. Virginia, on the N fide of James river, at the mouth of the Rivanna. It contains about 40 honfes, and a ware houfe for the infpc«£lion of tobacco. It lies 45 miles above Richmond, 3^ from Charlottefville, and 328 S W of Phila- delphia. Columbia, a pod town in I.ancadcr co. Pennfylvania.on the N E bank of Sufqne- hanna river, at Wright's ferry ; 10 milev W of Lancadcr, aad 76 W by N of Phi- ladelphia. ' ■ColumliM :m CON COl* 11 ' tclumila Co. in the upper dlftriA of Georgia, is bounded by Savannah R. on the N £ and E, which feparatet it from the (late of S. Carolina, N W of Richmond CO. Its (hape is very irregular. It is watered by Great Kioka creek and fev- cral other dreams. It is divided into ii towns, and contains 8345 inhabitants, of Vhum 3C08 are flavei. At the court houfc is a pod office. Columbia, a large river of the N W coaft of N. America. It enters the Pacific ocean lat. 46 18 N, Ion. 236 34 W. It is \\i\i a mile wide la miles from its mouth. H has been afccnded in boats more than 80 miles. faneoiivtr. Columbia, a town in the flate of Ohio, On the N bank of Ohio R. and on the W fide of the mouth of Little Miami R. about 6 miles S E by £ of Fort WaHiington, 8 £ by S of Cincinnati, and 87 N by W pf Lexington, in Kentucky. N lat. 39 30. Columbiana, t co. in the (late of Ohio. Comana, a towo and province in the northern divi&on of Terra Firma, S. A- nerica. It lies on the N eadernmoft part of the fea coaft. Comargo, a town of New Leon, in N. America, (ituatcd on the S Ude pf Rjo Sravo, which empties into the gulf of IVlcxicO on the W fide. Co.vbabet, a condderable river of S. Car- oHna, which enters St. Helena found be- tween Coofa and Afliepoo rivers. Combahee ferry, on the above river, is 17 miles from Jackfonfborough, 15 from Pocotaligo, and 52 from Charieflon. . Comfort, Point, is the S eafternmoft part of Elizabeth city co. in Virginia, formed by James R. at its mouth, in Chefapeak bay. Point Comfort lies 19 miles W hy N of Cape Henry. Commanoes, one of the fmall Virgin ifles in the W. Indies, fituated to the N N £ of Tortula. N lat. 18 15, W Ion. 63. Compofiella, a very rich town in New Spain, and province of Xalifco, built in X531, fituated near the South Sea, 400 miles N W of M -^r'o. The foil is bar- ren and the a!- iinaealthful ; but it has fcveral mines of filver at St. Pecaqne, in its neighbourhood. N lat. 11 so, W Ion. XO9 43. See Culiacan. Compton, a flourifliing townfliip in L. Canada, on a fouthcrn branch of the river St. Francis, S of Afcot, adjoining, and has jjo inhabitants, chiefly from N. England. C^najohary, a port town, on tile S fide of IMohawk river, N. York, 36 miles above Schcnc^ady. See Canajobary, tamaviangt, a northern bi-atieh of Alte^ ghany river, in Pennfylvania, which rifc% from Chataughque lake. ConeepiioH, a large bay 00 the E fide of |»Kv'vvfoundland I. whofe entrance is be- tween Cy.pe St. Francis on thc.fouthward, and Flamborougb head on the northward. It runs a great way into the land in a foulhern diret^lion, having numerous bay^ on the W fide, on which are two fettle- ments, Carboniere and Havre d.|,Grace. Settlements were made here in i6io, by about 40 planters, under governor John Guy, to whom king James had granted a patent of incorporation. Conception ef Salaya, a fm5^ll town of N. America, in the province of Mechoacan^ in Mexico or New Spain, was built by the Spaniards, as well as the (lations of St. Michael and St. Philip, to frcure the road from Mechoacan to the filver mines of Zacateca. They have al£o given thii name to feveral boroughs of America ; a^ to that in Hifpaniola ifland, and to a fea pore of California, &c. Conception, by the Indians called Fenct^ a city in Chili, S. America, fituated on the edge of the fea, at the mouth of a river, and at the bottom of a bay of its own name. It lies in about 37 S lat. It wa| fcveral times deltroyed by the powerful confederacy of the Indians, and as ofteq repaired. In 1751 it was deftroycd by. an earthquake, and has not, fince that, been rebuilt. It is within the audience and jurifdiiStion of St. Jago, and is gov- erned by a correflidore. The Spanifli inhabitants here, arc the mod warlike and hardy of any in S. America ; they are all trained IQ arms from their childhood, to be ready to refid the attack of the Chilcfc Indians, whom they have reafon to con- fider a formidable enemy. The inhab- itants, and even the women, excel in horfemanfliip ; they are very dexterous in managing the lance or noofe ; and it is very rare to fee them mifs their aim, though at full fpeed, with the noofe, which they throw 40 or $0 yards, and fo halter the objedl of their diverfion or revenge. This noofe is made of thongs of cow hide ; thcfc they twid with oil, till rendered fupple and pliant to command ; and fo ftrong that, when twiftcd, they will, it is faid, hold a wild bull, which would break a halter of henjp of twice the thicknefs. The foil here is fruitful, abounding with corn and excellent wine. The fruit trees bear fo Inxurientiy here, that tliey arc forced to thai the iVuitjOtherwirctht biinchti eoN CON ^^inchcs would break, nor could the fruit come to maturity. This city has a church and fix very famous monaderics ; but the ^welling houfes make no great appear- ance. Here the women go out lu the night to the fhops, to buy fuch ilecefTaries as they want for their families, it being contrary to the cuflom of this country for women of any charadter, to go abruad in the day time on fuch afiairs. It is 9a open town ; and the few batteries it has, are kept in very indifferent order. Coiicbucos ,a jurifdidtion in Peru , S. Amcri- ca,under thearchbifliop of Lima; it begins 40 leagues N N E of the mefropolis, and runs along the center of the Cordillera. It produces fruits, grain, &c. a»d affords ezrenfive padure for cattle of all kinds. Several branches of the woollen lyanufac- toiy are carried on here, whic i.^nlhtute its grcateft commerce with the c 'her prov- inces. CoHtorJ, formerly Guntb-wait, a townihip of Grafton co. N. Hampfhire, en Amon- oofuck river, Incorporated 1768. It has 663 inhabitants. Concord, a poft town of N. Kampihire, floutifliing, and pleafantly lituated on the W bank of Merrimack river, in Rocking- {lam CO. 8 miles above Hookfet falls. The egiflature, of late, have commonly held their feflions here ; and from its central fituation, and a thriving back country, it will probably become the peripaiiest feat of governt^ent. Much of t^e trade of the upper country centers here. A hand- fomc toll bridge acrofs the Merrimack, ^conneAs this town with Pembroke. It has aoj) inhabitants, and was incoi-porated in 1765. The Indian name was 2\nacooi. it iKas granted by MaHachuf^tts, aqd call- ed Rumford. The co;npa(^ part of the town contains about 170 houfes, a congre- gational church, and an academy, which Was incorporated in 1790. It is 5$ miles W N W of Portfmouti^, 58 S E of Darth- mouth college, and 70 northward from Boftoh. N lat. 43 I J, W Ion. 71 29. Concord, in Effex co. Vermont, lies on Connedticut ri,ver, oppofite a part of thq 15 mile falls. Cuitcord, in MafTachufetts, a pod town, one of the mod confiderable towns in Middlefex co. fituated on Concord river, in a healthy and pleafant fpot, nearly in the center of the county, and i8 miles N W of Bodon, and 1 7 E of Lancader. Its Indian name was Mufquetequid ; and it owes its pi-efent name to the peaceable; ^anntiia which it v\'a$ obtained from the natives. The firft fettlers, among whonR were the Rev. Meffrs. Buckley and Jonet, having fettled the purchafe, obtained ai| adl of incorporation, tjept. 3, 1635 ; and this was the mod didant fettlemcnt from the fea Ihore of New England at that time. The fettlers never had any contell with the Indians ; and only three pcrfons were ever killed by them within the limits cf the town The inhabitants are 1679 in number. For 13 years previous to 1791, the average number of deaths was 17; one in four of whom were 70 years eld and upwards. The public buildings arc, a Congregational church, a fpacioutt doue gaol, and a handfome county court houfe. The to'wn isaccommodated with three con* venient bridges over the river ; one of which is ao8 feet long, and 18 feet wide, fupported by 1 1 piers, built after the man- ner of Charles river bridge. This town is famous in the hidory of the revolution, having been the i^t of the provincial congrefs in 1774, and^c fpot where the fird oppoiitiop was made to the Britifh troops, on the memorable 19th of April, 1775. The general court have frequent- ly held their feflions here w hen cunt:igioui (Ufeafes h^v^ prevailed in the capital. N lat. 4a 35. Concord, a fmall river of MalTachufcttc, foimed of two branches, whicli unite near the center of the town of Concord, whence it takes its courfe in N £ and N direction thiough Bedford and Billcrica, and empties itfelf into Merrimack R. at Tewldbury. Concord R. is remarkable for the gentlen ;fs of its current, which it fcarcely percei 'able by the eye. At low water mark it is from 100 to 200 feet wide, and from 3 to \i feet deep. During floods, Concord R. is near a mile in breadth ; and w'.ien viewed from the town of Concord, makes a fine appear- ance. The Middlefex canal is fupplicd with water from this river. Concord, a pod town of Suflex co. Del- aware, 159 miles from Wafliington. Concord, a townfliip in Delaware co. Pennfylvania, has 940 inhabitants. Concord, a fettlement in the MiiTi'ippi Territory, on the E bank of the Miflllippi, about a mile from the S line of Tene/Tee, 108 miles N from the mouth of Yazoo R. and ai8 bcKw ilie Ol.io. N lat. y^ SS> \y Ion. 91 25. Condc, Fort, or Mobile city, is fituatcd on the W fide of Mobile bay, in W Florida, about 40 miles above its mont 'i in tlie gulf cf Mexico. N lat. 30 4:, W Icn. 87 57. Condccedc, 1)1 fA CON CON Mmiicea'; a cape or prom«ntery of N. America, in the province of Yucatan, lOO mile* W of Mcrida. N bt. zo 50, W Ion. 91 27- Condcfuycj de Areqtiipay n. jurif(]!(£lion under the bifhop of Areqin'pa, 30 league* !N of tliat city, in Peru. Here is culiv.itcd the wild cochineal ; the hidians carry on a great u-ade with thiu article ; thcv grind it, and mix four ounces of it with 1 i ounces of violetniaize, of which they form cakes of 4 ounces each, and fell it for a dollar a pound. Thefc cakes they call magnos. This place abound* alio with gold and filvcr mines, which are not fo carefully worked as formerly. C.'nYi^ir^_^,arett]emcnt in Maine, Hancock o- ries. In Hartford, a woollen manufadlo- ry has been eftablifhed ; likewife glafs works, a fnuflT and powder mill, iron works, and a flitting mill. Iron works are eftablidied alfo at Salifbury, Norwich, and •ther parts of the 'date. At Stafi<)rd is a, furnace at which are made large quan- tities of hollow ware, and other ironmon- frry, fuffici«nt f fupply tha whok date. ?apcr IS manufafturcd at Norwich, ?fsrV ford, N. Haven, and ia Litchfield county. Ironmongery, hats, candle^i, leather, fliuea* and hoots, uie manufadtured In this date. A duck mituufadtory Itas been ed.ihlillicd at Stratford. The d.ite ot C'onnetSkicut i» laid out in imall farms, from 50 :o 300 and 400 acres- each, which are held by the farmers in fee fimple ; and are generally well cultivated. The d.ite is chcquereJt with innumerable roadsur highways erod- ing each other in every djre<5lion A traveller in any cf thele roads, even in the mod unfettled parts of the date, will fcldom pafs more than half a mile or n mile without finding a houfc, and a farm under fuch improvements, as to afford the necelHirics for the liipport of a familv. The whole dat? rciemblcs a well culti- vated garden, winch, with that degree of indiidry that is necoflary to happinefj, produces the necelVarics and convenience*, of life in great plenty. The inhabitant* are almod entirely of Englifh defcent. There are no Dutch, French, or German,, and very few Scotch or Irifli people, in any part of the date. The original dock from which have fprung a.l the prefent inhabitants of Connc<£lieut, and the nu- merous emigrants from the fhitc, to every. part of the U. States, conllfted of 3C00 fouls, who fettled in the towns of Hart- ford, N Haven, WindCor, Guilford, Mil- ford and Weathersfield, about the yca:> 1635 and 1636. In 1756, the population eftlie dat^ amounted to 130,611 fouls; la 1774, to I97,'<5j6 ; in 1782, to 302,877 whites, and 6273 Indians and negroes ; iji 1790, to 237,946 perfons, of whom 2764 were (laves: in 1800, to 251,002, 951-: being (laves. The people of Connetf^icut are remarkably fond of having all their difputes, even thofe of tlie mod trivial kind, fettled according to law. The prev- alence of this lit-.gious f'pirit, afP rds em- ployment and I'upport for a numerous. body of lawyers. That patty fpirit, hovv.i ever, which is the bane of political happi- nefs, has not r.nncd with fuch violence la this date, as in Maffachufetts and Rhode I. Public proceedings ha\ j been conducHed generally with much calmnera :ind candor. I'he people are well informed as to thcif rights, and judicious in fecuring them. Po- litical tranquillity and luianimity follow. All religions, that are coi.'ftcnt with ths peace of focicty, arc tolerated in Connec- ticut ; liberality and catholicifm pievai!. There arc very few rollj^ious I'cdls in tlu* date. The bulk vf t!ic people are Corl^• jrcs-tionaliits. 1; • I'vf I'll.'* m > '■ ■ 1 .;?- ^■" Ml , i 'I m tm. v'-m ? : i; tOti ^egationalifti. Bofide thcfe, there ar? J':pilropati»nB and BaptUb. The clergjr of thia ftate are a refpe<^tmble body of learn- ed and ferioui men, enjoying a happy and ufeful fliare of influence among their peo- ple, efpeeially of late, fincc the revivals of religion through a great part of the (late. The damage fuftained by thi» (tate in the late war, was cftimnted at £46i,»35-i6-i. To compenfute the fu(fercrt, the Ocneral Cmirtjin May 1 79t,grantod them 500,000 acres of the weftern part of the referved lands of Counedticut, which lie W of Penn- fylvania. There are a great number of ■very plcafant towns, both maritime and inland, in Connedlicut. It contains five cities, incorporated with extenlive jurif- diiSkion in civil caufrs. Two of thcfe, Hartford and N. Hiv(,>r, are capitals of the . Hate. The general ai'i.mbly is holden at the former in May, au-l at thf fchools in the feveral tcwns, for the ed- ucation of children and youth. The law ^redts that a grammar fchool fliall be i:ept in every county town throughout the (late. Yale College is an eminent fem- inary of learning, and was founded in the J ear 1 700, Sec Talf Co/!fgr. Academics ave been cftablifhed at Greenfield, Plain- Seld, Norwich, Windham, and Pomfret, fomo of which are flourifliing. The con- ftitution of ConneiSlidut is founded on their eharter, v.'hicli was granted by Ciiarles II. {n i66a, ?v.d on a law of the flate. Con- tented with this form of government, the people have not been difpofed to run the hazard of framing a new conftitution fince the declaration of independence. Agreeably to this charter, the fupreme legillative authority of the (late is veded in a governor, deputy governor, twelve affidants or counfellors, and the reprefen- tatives of tlie people, (lyled tlie General AfTembly. The governor, deputy gov- ernor and afllflanti are annually chofen by the freemen in the month of Mav. The reprefontativcs (their number not ex- CON reed two from etch town) are chofen bJT the freemen twice a year, to attend th^ two annual fefiions on the fecond TueT- days of May and Odlober. The Gene- ral AfTembly is divided into two branchet called the upper and lower houfcs. The upper houfe is compofed of the governor, deputy governor and adidants The low- er houfe of the reprefentatives of the pe(> pie. No law can pafs without the con- currence of both houfei. Gonnedticut hal ever made rapid advances in population. There have been more emigrations from this, than from any of the other dates ; and yet is it full of inhabitants. This in* crcafe may be afcribed to feveral caufes. The bulk of the inhabitants are indudri- ous, fagacious hulbandmen. Their farnie furnifli them With all the necefTaries, inoft of the conveniencies, and but few of the luxuries of life. They, of courfe, mud b« generally temperate, and if they choofcs, can fublld with as much independenc* as is confident with happinefs. The fub- fiidcnce of the farmer is fubdantial, and does not depend on incidental circum- dances, like that of mod other profedionsk There is nO ni^ceiTity of ferving an appren- tice(hip to the bufinefs, nor of a large dock of money to commence it to advan- tage. Farmers, who deal much in barter^ have lefs need of money than any other clafs of people. The eafe with which a cbmfortable fubfldence is obtained, in> duces the hufbandman lo marry young. The cultivation of his farm makes him drong and healthful. He toils cheerfully through the day ; eats the fruit of hi* own labour with a gladfome heart ; at night devoutly thanks his bounteous God for his daily bleillngs ; retires to red, and his fleep is fweet. Such circumdances as thefe have greatly contributed to the a- mazing increafe of inhabitants in thii date. Property is equally enough divid- ed, and mud continue to be fo, as long a* edatcs defcend as they now do. To vote for legiflators aperfon mud take the free- man's oath. No perfon is allowed to take this oath till he is approved by the feledt- men of the town, and tWo judicts of the peace, as a man of peaceable behaviour, and good moral charaAer, and alfo that he pofTefles a freehold edate of 40 fliillings, or a perlbnal eftate oi £40. Hence there is never fuch a lo* mob at eledlicns here as in fome neighbouring dates. He who has the mod therit, cot he who has the mod money, is generally chofen into pub- lic odice. As iudances of this, it is to b* vbferved, COM CON j^tjferved, tlut many of the citlzeni of ConncAlcut, from the humble walks of life, have arifcn to the fird officer in the Aatu, and filled them with dignity and reputation. That bafe l)ufinef8 ol ele(5lion- «ering, which is fo diredWy calculated to introduce wicked and defigning men into oflicc, 18 yet but little known in Connidli- cut. \ man who wiflics to be chofen in- to ofTu e, a(£l» wifely, for that end, when he keeps his defircs to himfclf. A third for learning prevails among all ranks of people in the flatc More of the young men in Conrieifticut, in proportion to their numbers, receive a public education, than in any of the ftates. The revolution, which fo eflentially afTeeled the govern- ment of moft of the colonics, pi oduced no Very perceptible alteration in the govern- ment of Connen i'urface of the river, and the water huvi ig no other oiulet, but the al'oveineiitioned flrait it it fomctimes i or 3 weeks before it returnt to its ulual bed. Thcfc floods add noth- ing to the depth of water on the bar at the mouth of the river, as the bar lies too far oil' in the found to be affeded by them. This river is navigable to Hartford city, upwards of 50 miles from its mouth ; and the produce of the country for aoo milet above it is brought thither. iu Imats The boats which are ufed in this bulincfs are flat bottomed, long and narrow, and of fo light a make as to be portable in carts. Before the conftrui^ion of locks and canals on this river, they were taken out at 3 dif- ferent carrying places, all of which made 15 mites It is expedled that in a few years the obflrudlions will be all removed. Sturgeon, falmon, and fliad, are caught in plenty in their I'eafon, from the mouth of the river upwards, excepting Aurgeon, which do not afcend the upper falls ; be- ftde a variety of fmall fiili, fuch as pike, carp, perch, &c. There is yet a ftrong expectation of opening a communication between this river and the Merrimack, through Sugar R. which runs into the Con- netflicut at Claremont in N. Hampfliire, and the Contoocook, which falls into the Merrimack at Bofcawen, From this river were employed in 1 789, three brigs, of 1 80 tons each, m the European trade ; and about 60 fail, from 60 to 150 tons, in the W. India trade, befide a few fifhermen, and 40 or 50 coafting veflels. The number has confidcrably increafed fince. Cnnntffrcut, a ftream in l^ng Illand, N. York, which falls into a bay at the S fide of the iilanif. It lies 2 miles to the foutk- ward of Rockonkama pond. ConncSlic-it, Netv, in the State of Ohiov See Trumbull co. Conncllfville, a poft town, Fayette C9. Pennfylvania, on Youghiogany river, aao miles from Wafliington. It is the (liire town of the co. Half a mile below the town are % forges, and a merchant mill, and various other mills. The inhabitants are Friends, BaptiAsandMethodifU. Their meeting houfe is below the town. Thii is the head of navigation. Continental f^r/liifre, was fituated On Hud- fon R. in N. York Aate. Before its def- ArudWonbySirHcnryClinton,inOdl:.i777, there were here barracks for 2000 men. ^ Convtrfiitiwi I coo coo t*Hw/jlUn faint, a head land on the B Ade of a bay on the coaft of California. N iat. .1130, W Ion. 119. Camvay, a townfhip in the province nf N. Brunfwicic, Sudbury co.on the W bank of St. John's R. h hat the bay of luiuly on the fi, and at the wcAcriiniuft point ut the towndiip there is a pretty good liar- bour called MulquaHi cove. CoMtvay, a townfliip in the N E corner ef StraflTurd co. N. >lampnure, on a bcnil n Saco river, incorporated in 1765, and contains 705 inhabitants. It was colled J'igwaelel by the Indian*. Conway, a thriving townfliip in Hamp- fliire CO. Maflachufetts, incorponited 111 1767, and contains aoi8 iniubitants, 13 miles N W of Northampton. Coitya, a river in Surinam, or Dutch Guiana, S. America. Cooloomi, an Indian town on the W fide •f Talapooi'e R. a branch of the- Mobile. Caoi'j R. or Inlet, on the N W coall ut America, difcovered by C'apt. Cook.wlio traverfed it aio miles from its entrance, and concluded it a channel through which a N W paflage might ultini.ucly be dil'cov- «red. Capt. Vancouver, in the fpring 'f 1794, explored this celebrated river, which commences in N lat. 59 10, W Ion. from Greenwich 151, and after afcend- ing it as high as lat. 61 19 N, W loo. 148 45, found its termination. It ieof courCe no longer confidered as a river, but only an Inlet, or a long and narrow arm of the fca, extending from S W to N E, between he latitudes abovemcntioned. Its banks are inhabited by fomc Ruilians and in- dians of a very humane charaiSler. Of a number, to whom Capt Vancouver, fliew- ed kindnefs, he gives thcfollowingaccount. ** They departed fliewiMg a very high fenfe of gratitude for the knidncfs and at- tention with which they had been treat- ed. WhilQ on board tliey had behaved with a degree of modefty and decorum rarely found amougfl men in a fai moie civilized (late ; and notwithfl;anding they had been conftantly expofcd to tempta- tions by articles lying in their way, which were of the nioft valuable nature in their eflimation, not the moft trifling thing was inifled, nor did their honefly in any re- fpei5t fulFer the lead impeachment. They rcpofed the utmod confidence in our in- tegrity, and confidered themfelvcs as much at home in our fociety as if we had long been their mod intimate friends. In iTiort, if the condudt they exhibited iiuring the time they pafl'ed with us is to be received at their general natiantl char* aClcr, it indicates tnem to be a people unuduutcd, by ambitioni jcalouly, or av- arice, the pallions which lo ftron^ly ope- ratcon the human fueciesitoproduceacon* Ihint dread and variance with each ()ther« and fbmulatc to adit of opprelUon, vio- lence and rapacity, as well on their near- etl neighbours, as the moft didant ftran- gtrs." " Many of the natives were feen about their habitations as our party palT- I'd ;Uong the bay, and where they had occi- fion to land, fon»e of thei'e good people ob- fcrving tl- the boats were prevented, by the flioaU, from reaching the fliore, they rudiud into the water, notwithdanding the weather was very cold and iinpleal'ant, and oflcrcd kheir friendly allidance to land our gentlemen, by carrying them through the witer ; which acceptable fer- vice, they not only performed with the greatcd care and attention, but made llieir new vifuors fome trivial prcfcnts ; which were recompenfcd by returns higii- ly fatisfadlory to them." Cooihoiife, on the Cookquago branch of Delaware R. is fituated in the townfliip of Colchefter, N. York, ncai the PennfjU pvania line. Cooprrs IJland, One of tiie lefler virgin Ifles in the W Indies, fituated S W of Gin- ger innnd,and uninhabited. It is 5 miles long, and i broad. N lat. 18 5, W Ion. 6a J 7- and navigable river V ters with Afiilcy R. city in S. Carolin.i. Thele form a fpacious and convenient harbour, which communicates with the ocean, jud below .''uliivan's Ifland, which it leaves on the N, 7 miles S E of the city. In thefe rivers tbc tide rifes 6^ feet. Cooper R. is a mile wide at the ferry, 9 miles above Charledon. A canal from the hc.id of this river to Santee opens a communication between Charledun and the interior country. Cooperi Tiiivn, a pod town and town- fliip, in Otfcgo CO. N. York, and is the conip.idt part of the townfliip of Otfego, and the chief town of the co. It is pleaf- antly iituatcd at the S W end of the lake, on its banks, and thofe of its outlet ; 75 m'les W of Albany. Hiie are a court bouXe, gaol, and academy. It is rapidly increafing, and built in regular fquares. N lat. 4i 44, W Ion. 74 48. Cooper] Ferry, in Gloccder co.N. Jerfey ; a pod office is kept here, i ]9 miles N £ from Wsdhingtoa. C»oper\ Cooper, a large which mingles its '• below Charledon ,; I - ■:/■•!■ ■ t If M It coo COP in !'■ 'I tfptt^s., a village in York co. Pennfyl- Tania, on the W bank of Sufquehanna, on the Maryland line. This place, in 1785, was a wilderntfs, Nine years after, it contained 1800 inhabitants ; a !argu and handfome church, with a fteeple ; a market houfe and a bettering houle ; a library of laoo volumes, and an academy of 64 fcholarg. Four hundred and feven- ty pipes were laid under ground, for the purpofe of bringing water from W. Moun- tain, aod conduiSting it to every houfe in town. Coop^t Town, in Harford co. Maryland, lies 12 miles N W of Harford, and 24 N N E of Baltimore. Coos, or Coios, the places called Upper and Lonuer Coos, lie on Conncflicut R. one .^5, the other 75 miles above Dart- mouth college. Upper Coos is the coun- try S of Upper Amonoofuck R. on John and Ifracl Rivers. Lower Coos is in the towns of Haverhill and Newbury, S of the Lower Amonoofuck. The diilance from Upper Coos, to the tide in Kcnnebeck R. was meafured in 1793, and was found to be hut 90 miles. Coofadei, an Indian town on Alabama R^ about 6omiles above its mouth, on Mobile R. below iVlcGill'vray's town, and oppo- fite the mouth of the Oakfulkee Coofa Hatchet, or Coofaiv, a river of S. Cirolina, which rifes in Orangeburg dif- tridt, and running a S S \V courfe, emp- ties into Broad R. and Wliale Branch, whicb-feparate Beaufort ifland from the main land. Cuofa,3. river of S. Carolina. See Broad R. '■ Coo/a, or Coofa Hatcha,^ river which rifcs in the high l.tnds of the Cherokces' coun- try, and joining Tallapoofc, forms Ala- bama R. Its courfe is generally .S, run- ning through the country of the Natchez, and other tribes of the Upper Creeks, the roughed and mofl broken of the wliole nation. It is rapid, and full of rocks and ilioals, hardly navigable for canoes. Coafa-watchie, or Cer/nfjuhhre, a poll town in Beaufort diflridl, S. Carolina, fituated on the S W fide of Coofa R. over which a bridge has been lately ercifled. It is a flourifliing place, having about 40houie9, a court houle and gaol. The courts for- merly held at Beaufort, are held here. It is 33 miles from Beaufort, and 77 W S W of Charlefton. Cootfiotvn,A port town in Berks co. Penn- fylvania.-is fituated on a branch of Sau- hoca creek, a branch of the Schuylkill R. It contains 40 houlcs, aa4 »■ German Lu- theran and Calvinifl church united. It is X7 miles N N E of Reading, and 73 N W by N of Philadelphia. Cop'iapo, an open town in the bifhopric of St. Jago, or Chili Proper, in 8. Amer- ica, f-imous for its mines of iron, brafs, tin, and lead ; which, however, arc not work- ed. The gold mines have drawn about 900 people here. There are alio great quantities of loadflone, and lapis lazuli, 14 or 15 leagues diflatit ; where there are alfo feve rat lead mines. On the high mountains of the Cordillera, 40 leagued V. S E from the port, are mines of the fined; fulphur, not needing to be cieanfed, and which fells for 3 pieces of eight a quintal, at the port, from whence it ig carried to Lima. Frelh water is very fcarcc. Salt pctre is found in the vale an inch thick on the ground. Between thife and Coquimbo is no town or village, only 3 or 4 farms. Lat. 25 10 S, Ion. 75 14 W. Copper Mine, a large river of New Brit- ain, reckoned to be the mofl northern in N. America. Taking a northerly courfe it falls into the fea in lat. 72 N, and about 119 W Ion. from Greenwich. The ac- counts brought by the Indians of this tivct to the Britifli ports in Hudfon bay, and the fpecimeiis of copper produced by them, induced Mr. Hearnc to fet out from Fort Prince of Wales, in Dee. 1770. on a journey of difcovery ^e reached the river at 40 miles diflance from the fea, and found It all the way incumbered with flioals and falls, and emptying itfelf into it over a dry flat of the fliore, the tide being then out, which feemed by the edges of the ice to rife about 12 or 14 feet. This rife, on account of the falls, will carry it but a very fmall way within the river's mouth ; fo that the water in it has iiot the lealt brackifli tafle. Mr. Hearnc had the mofl extenlive view ot the fea, which bore N W by W and N E, when he was about 8 miles up the river. The fea at the river's mouth, was full of iflands and flioals ; but the ice wa* only thawed away about ^ths of a mile from the fliore, on the 17th of July. The Ef- quimaux had a quantity of whale bone and feal fkins at their tents on the fliore. The river is full of falmon ; 40 miles from the fea it is 180 yards wide, thence to the fea it varies from 20 to 4 or 500 yards iix width. The gcncrnl courfe of the river is about N by E. The banks are gener- ally a folid :ock, each fide fo correfponda with the other, that fome convulfion of nature is fuppofcd to bave produced the COR COR thannel. The Indians fay the river rifcs in Large White Stone lake, 300 miles dif- tant on a ftraight line. The Efquiinaux Indians inhabit the fliores of this river. Copper Mine Point, '\n the E end of lake Superior, in U. Canada, in the vicinity of whieh, fome year* ago, m attempt was made to dig for copper cn»|'^illt foon after abandoned. This place is nearly N i5^ hy N from point Mantonce, and between it and the moijth of the river Montreal. Coqutmboy a town of St. Jago, or Chili Proper, in S. America, fituated at the lower end of the vale, hearing the fame name, on a gently rifing ground. The riv- er of Coquinibo gives name to the agree- able valley through which it rolls to the fea ; and the bay at its mouth is a very iine one, where fhips lie fafely and com- modiouily, though tfle coaft is rocky, fomc iflands lying fo as to keep ofF the winds. The town is properly called La Serenity from the agreeablenefs of the climate ; being continually ferene and plcafant, The ftreets are well laid out, and there are 5 or 6 convents ; but the houfes are not handfome. The foil is fruitful in corn,^ine, and oil, and the brooks bring down quantities of gold duft after heavy rains. Here are no gold mines, but plen- ty of copper ; one of which, 5 leagues N from the city on Mount Cerro Verde, or - Iain, containing 1163 inhabitants. Cornwall, a townfliip in Orange co. N. York, on the W hsnk of Hudfon river, embracing a p;irt of the Highlands. 'I'lic fortiefs of IVijl I'oir.t is in this townfliip. It has 1648 inhabilanls. Cornivall, a poll town in Litchfield ro. C'Minecliciit, about 9 n.iles N of Litch- iicld, and 40 W by N of Hartford. Corn-iL'iill, thi ioicnfuip rj', in the CO. cf Stornu)nt,U. Cunada, is litnata Faufe Riviere, through which the MifTifippi paflcd about 70 years ago. The fort at Point Coupee is a fquare figure, with four (>a(lions, built with flock- ades. There were, fome years fince, about aooo white inhabitants and 7000 Haves. They cultivate Indian corn, tobacco, and indigo ; raife vafl quantities of poultry, which they ftnd to New Orleans. They alfo fend to that city, fquared timber, (laves, &C. Hutchins. Coventry, a port town in Tolland co. Connecticut, 20 miles E of Hartford city. It was fettled in 1709, being purchafed by a number of Hartford gentlemen, of one Jofhua, an Indian. It has 2021 in- habitants. Coventry, in Rhode I (land, is the N caft- crnmod townfliip in Kent co. It contains 1413 inhabitants. The town is well wa- tered by feveral brooks which fall into Moofufe, which runs wtfterly into Quin- nabaug and into Patuxet, which runs eafl- erly into Narraganfet Bay. Coventry, a townfliip in the northern part of N. Hamplliirc, in Grafton co. It was incorporated in 1764, and contains (9 inhabitantfu Coventry, a townfliip in Orleans co. Ver- mont. It lies in the N part, of the flate, at the S end of Lake Memphremagog. Black R. pafles through this town in its courfc to Memphremagog. It had only 7 inhabitants in 1800. Coventry, a townfliip in Chcflcr co. Pcnnfylvania, on tlie Schuylkill, oppofite Pottfgrovc. Coive, is the capital town of the Chero- kee Indians, fituated on the foot of the hills, on both fides of the river Tenefl'ee. Here terminates the great vale of Cowe, exhibiting one of the moft charming, nat- > ral, mountainous landfcapes that can be fcen. The vale is clofed at Cowe by a »4djc of high hilU, calkd the jfire fKur.- faint. The town contains about too hob'' itations. In the conditution of the flats of Tcneflce, Cowe is dcfcribed as near the line which feparates TcnelVee from Vir- ginia, and is divided from Old Chota, an- other Indian town, by that part of the Great Iron or Smoaky mountain, called Unicoi, or Unaca mountain. Coivetas, or Koiueiits, a town of the Lower Creeks, in E. Florida, called the Bloody town. [See Apalachicola toiun.'] It lies on tiic W bank ot Chata Uche R. and contains 280 men. Cotv and C.ttf Pujiure Rlvert, are head branches of Rivanua river, in Virginia. Coivt IJland. Sec Vuche. Cozupapure River, Virginia, a principal branch of James River, which' fee. Cowpens, a place fo called, in S. Caro- lina, between Pacolct river and the head branch of Broad river. This is the fpo6 where Gen. Morgan gained a complete vidory over lieut. col. Tarleton, Jan. 11, 1781, having only 12 men killed and 60 wounded. 1 he Britifli had 39 comniif- fioncd officers killed, wounded and takes prifoncrs ; ico rank and lite killed, 200 wounded, and 500 prifoners. They left behind, % pieces of artillery, % flandards, 8oomufket5, 35 baj^ags waggons, and too dragoon horfes, which fell into the hands of the Amcticaiu. The field of battle was in an open wood. Coxhall, tn York co. Maine. See Lyman. Coxfakie, a townfliip in Green co. N, York, containing 4676 inhabitants. The landing is to miles N of Hudlbn city, oit the oppofite fide of the river. Coyau, a fettlement on Tenefl'ee river, 30 miles below Knoxvillc. Crah Orcbnrd, a poll town, on Dick's river, in Kentucky, 8 miles from Cumber- land river, and 25 miles S E of Danville. The road to Virginia pafles through this place. Crat^ Fort, Smith CO. Tcneflce ; here ia a port oflicc, 704 miles W of Wafliington. Cranberry, a thriving town in Middle- fex CO. N. Jcrfcy, 9 miles E of Princeton, and 16 S S \V of Brunfwick. It contain* a handfonic Prefbyterian chutch, and a variety of manufaAurcs are carried oil by its induftrlous inhabitant*. The ftage from N. York to Thiladelphia pafie* tlirough Amboy, this town, and thence to Bonler^own. Cranhirry IJiands, on the COaft of the diftri(fl of Maine. See Mount Defsrt J/i- and, Crtney, a dnall iilanu, on the 3 fide of Jame» f. 'i ■i'l'M if i'; I; ( ii! CRt jame» river, In Virginia, at the mouth of Elizibeth river, and 5 miles S W of Fort George, on Point Comfort. It commandi the entrance of both rivers. Cranjion, is the S E townfliip of Provi- dence CO. Rhode Ifland, on the W bank of Providence R. j miles S of the town of Providence. The comiiaA part of the town contains .50 or 60 houfcs, a Biptifl meeting houfc, handfome fchonl houfe, a diflillcry, and a number of faw and grift mills, and is c.illed Pawtuxet, from the river, on both fides of whofe mouth it ftands, and over wiiich is a bridge, con- ncifking the two parts of the town. It malies a pretty appearance as you pafs it on the river. The whole townlhip con- t.tin% 1644 inhabitants. In the town arc iron mines funk, to a great depth, the wa- ter is raifed by a fleam engine. Two offi- cers of Croni'veli's army, a Mr. Fenner, and Mr. Scortc, fettled in this town. Their defcend.mts are numerous. Craven Ci. in Newbern diftriifl, N. Car- olina, is bounded N by Pitt, and S by Carteret and Onflow counties. Its chief town is Newhern. It contains 7778 in- habitants, of whom 2863 are flaves. CrdtvforJ, a CO. of Pr'infyl vania, bound- ed N by Erie, E by W.irrcn, and S E by Venango, it is watered by Frencii Creek, and contains 670,3 zo acres, and 2346 people. Credal River, or Rlvar Credit, m I J. Canada, difchargies itlelf into lake Onta- rio, between tlie head of that lake and York, in the Miflafai^a territory. It is a great refort for thefe and other Indian tribes, and abounds with fifli. Cree Indians, The, inhabit W of little lake Winnipeg, around fort Dauphin, in U. Canada. Creepers To-ri<», in Frederick co. Ma- n-Hind, lies on the W fide of Monococy R, between Owings'sand Hunting creeks, which fall into that rivi-r ; 9 miles fouth- '.'y()'id, %ft the Tom'iighce, wliich is the dividing line between their countrv and th't of the Qiai^awt. The Onalieil of I heir tov.-n« have from ao to 30 houfes in them, ana fome of them contain from 150 to »oo, that are wholly compaifk. The houlet (land in clufters of 4,5,6, 7, and 8 togeth- er, irrcgula.-ly diftributed up and dowa the banks of the rivers or fmall dreams. Each clufter of houfes contain a clan, or family of relations, who eat and live in common. Each town has a public fquare, hot houfe and yard near the centre of it, appropriated to various public ufes. The following are the names of th£ principal towns of the Upper and Lower Creeks, that have public fquares ; beginning at the head of the Coofa or Coola Hatcha river, viz. Upper Ufalas, Abbacoochces, Natchez, Coofas, Oteetoocheenas, Pine Catchas, Poeuntullahafes, Weeokees, I.itr tic Tallaffie.Tulkeegees, Coofadas, Alaba« mas,Tawafas, Pawadlas, Autobas, Auho- ba, Weelumpkees Big, Weelumpkees Lit- tle, Wacacoys, Weckfoy, Ochees. The following towns are in the central, inland and high country, between the Coofa and Tallapoofee rivevs, in the diftritSl called the Hillabees, viz. Hillabees, Killeegko, Oakchoys, Slakagulgas, and Wacacoys. On the waters of the Tallapoofee, irom the head of the .river downward, the fol- lowing, viz. Tuckabatchee, Tehafla, To- tacaga, N. York.Chalaacpauley.Logufpo- gus Oakfufkee, Ufala Little, Ufala Big, Sogahatches, Tuckaabatchees, Big Tallaf- fee, or half way houfe, Clewaleys, Coofa- hatches, Coolamies, .Shawanefe or Sava- nas, Kenhulka, and Muckelefes. The towns of the Lower Creeks, beginning on the head waters of the Chattahoofee, and fo on downwards are Chelu Ninny, Chat- tahoofee, Hohtatoga, Cowetas, Cuflitaht, Chalagatfcaor, Broken Arrow, Euchees fcveral, Hitchatees feveral, Palachuolo, Chewack'da Beilde 20 towns and villages of the Little and Big Chehaus, low down on Flint and Chattahoofee rivers. From their roving and imlteady manner of liv- ing, it is impoflibie to detennine, with much precifion, the number of Indians that compofe the Creek nation. Gen. M'Gillivray eftimates tlic number of g\m men to be between 5 and 6000, exelufive of the Semlnotcs, who arc of little or no account in war, except as fmall parties of marauders, at^ling independent of the gen- eral interrfl of the others. T!>e whole number of individuals may be about a,? or 16,000 fouls. E7ery town and village ha"! one edablinifid white trader in it, and gen- erally a family of whites, who have fled from foms part of the frontiers. They often •flM, 1 der tha to fenc fettlemi arc vzT and are near 4) have hi er forei nation. 'ery thin alive bj pofll'ffio^ the nati on them fcrve the ftili belie jthc wat( world in country i dividual 1 to anothe where hi naturally Upper Cr and Semir all the wa hatchee, a the Abbac triiSk inclui tahoofee a juniflion, great nui whole are people, fro the moll ' the whole ern diftria cola, and hia. It has a refpedtable Quaker meet- ng houfe ;<4 miles S W of Allen Town, 8 S E of Trenton, and 14 S W of Burling- ton^ Crotcn i?. a N eaftern water of Hudfon R. rifes in the town of New Fairfield, in ConneiSlicut, and running through Dutch- •b e«. empties into Tappao bay. Croton bridge is thrown over this river % mile* from its mouth, on the great road to AU bany. This is a fulid fubftantial bridge^ 1400 feet long, the road narrow, piercing through a flute hill. It is fupportcd by 16 ilonc pillars. Here is an admirable view of Croton Falls, where the water precipitates itftif between 60 and 70 feet perptudicular ; high flate banks, in fome places 100 feet ; the rivqr fpreading into three ftrcams, as it enters the Hudfon. Croiv Greek, falls into the 'IVneiFec, from the N W, oppolitc the Crow Town, 15 miles below Nickajack Town. CroivljiiJ Townfiip, in the county of Lincoln, U. Canada, lies W of Willough'^y, and is watered by the Wclland. Crown Point, a poft town in Efl"ex co. N. York, fo called from the celebrated fortrcfs, which is in it, and which was gar- rifoaed by Britifli troops, from the time of its redudlion by Gen. Amherft, in 1759, till the late revolution. It Was taken by the Americans the i-ith of May, 1775, and retaken by the Britilh the year after. The point upon which it was credled,by the French in 1731, extends N into lake Champlain. It was called Krt:yn Punt, or Scalp Point, by the Dutch, and by the French, Pointe a la C/jevelenrt. The for- trefs they named Fort St. Frederick. Af- ter it was repaired by the Britifli, it was the moft regular and expenlive of any conftrudled by them in America. The walls are of wood and earth, about 16 feet high, and about ao feet thick, nearly 130 yards fquare, and furrounded by a deep and broad ditch, dug out of the folid rock. The only gate opened on the N, towards the lake, where was a draw bridge and a covert way, to fecure a communi- cation with the waters of the lake, in cafe of a fiege. On the right and left, as you enter the fort, is a row of ftonc barracks, not inelegantly built, which are capable of containing 2000 troops. There were formerly fcvcral out works, which are now in ruins, as is indeed the cafe with the principal fort, except the walls of the barracks. The famous fortification called Ticonderoga is 15 miles S of this ; but that fortrefs is alfo lb much demoliftied, that a ftranger would fcarcely form an idea of its original conftrudtion. The town of Crown Point has no rivers ; a few ftrcams, however, iflue from the mountains, which anfwer for mills and common ufes. In the mountains, which extend the whole length of lake George, and part oi the length of lake Champlain, are a counti tains 3$ the com particul fpices, c It alfo from tin of the eluding exportat Not an i cleared. CUB CUL tre plenty of moore, deer, and almofl all the other inhabitants of the forcfl. It contains 941 inhabitants. The fortrefs lies in N iat. 44 ao, W luu. 73 36. Crtnvs Meadows, a river in the N W territory, which runs N weftward into Illinois R. op^fite to which are fine meadows. Its mouth is ao yards wide, aad 240 miics frpm the Miflifippi. It is navigHble between 15 and 18 miles. Croyden, a townlTiip in Clicthirc co. N. Hampfliire, adjoining Cornifli» and about 18 miles N £ of Charlcflown. It was in- corporated in 1763. In 1775, it contain- ed 143, in 1790, J37, and iu 1800, 9S4 inhabitant*. Cruces, a town of Terra Firma, S. Amer- ica, 5 leagues from Panama, and fituated on Chagre river. Crux, Santa, a confiderable town on the Ncoaflofthe iftand of Cuba, about 30 miles E by N of the Havannah, and it.f N W by N of Cadiz. Alio the chief town of Cuzumel ifland. Cruz, Santa, a town of Mexico, or New Spain, about 75 miles N by E of St. Sal- vadore, on the Pacific ocean. It is Iitu- ated on the gulf of DuJce, which commu- aicates with the fea of Honduras. Crux, Santa, Be la Sierra, a government and generalfliip, alfo a jurifdidlion and bifliopriclc, under the biihop of Charcas, 90 leagues £ of Plata, in Peru. Cruz, Santa, an illand iu tiic W. Indies. See St. Croix.. Cuba, is the mod valuable idand of all the Spanifli W. Indies, and is fitiuted be- tween ao and 23 30 N hit. and between 74 and 8j 15 W Ion. 100 miles S of Cape Florida, and 75 N of Jamaica ; and is nearly 700 miles in length, and generally about 70 in breadth. A. chain of hills runs through the middle of the ifland ftom £ to W, but the land near the fea is in general level, and flooded in the rainy feaibn, when the fim is vertical. This noble ifland, the key of the W. Indies, is fuppofed to have the bt-ft foil, for fo large a country, of any in America, and con- tains 38,400 fquare miles. It produces all the commodities known in the W. Indies, particularly ginger,long pcpprr, and othec fpices, caflfia, fiflula, maflick, and aloes. It alfo produces tobacco and fugar ; but from the want of hands, and the lazinefs of the Spaniards, it does not produce, in- cluding all its commodities, fo much for exportation as the fmall ifland of Antigua. Not an himdcedth part of the ifland is yet cleared. The principal part of the planta- tions arr on the beautiful plains of Savati* nah, and are cultiv.itcd by about 25,000 flavcs. The other inhabitants amount to about 30,000. Ihe courfe of the rivers is too fliort to be of any confcquenct to navigation ; but there are levcral good harbours in the illand, which belong t(i the principal towns, as the Havan-.iah, St. J:igo, Santa Cruz, and I.a Trinidad. Bcfidc the h.-trbour^ of thefe towns there 19 Cumberland harbour. The tobacco raifed here is faid to have a more delicate flavour than any raifed in America. There are a vaft number of fmall illes round this noble ifland, the channels fcp- arating which, as well as the rivers in the ifland, abound with fllli. There are more alligators here than in any other place in the W&fl Indies. In the woods are fome very valuable trees, particularly cedars, fo large, it is faid, that canoes made of them will hold 50 men. Birds there are in great variety, and in number more than in any cf the other Iflands. 1'hi» ifland was difcovercd by the famous Chridophcr Cuiumbus, in 1492. It was- taken polTclTion of by the Spaniards in 15 1 1, and they foon exterminated the mild and peaceable natives, to the amount of 500,000. The hills are rich in mines, and in fome of the rivers there is gold dull. The copper mines only are worked, which arc in tlie eaflern part of the ifland. Here are alfo fountains of bitumen. Cuiagua, an ifland of America, iituatcd between that of Margaretta and Terri Firma, fubjeiH to Spain, and is about 8 tniles long. There are a number of pearls got here, but not of the largefl: fizc. N Iat. 10 ij, W. Ion. 54 30. Ciieiica, or Bamki^ a city and confidera- ble jurifditfkion in the province of Quito» in Peru, under the torrid zone ; lying in *5 3 49 S Iat. The towa is computed to contain 26,000 people ; and the weaving of baize, cottons, &c. is carried on by the women, tlie men being averfe to labour, and prone tu all manner of profligacy. It b fituated on the river Curaray, or St» Jago ; which, after many wiuding* from. W to E, falls at laft into the rivtr Ama- zon. The town (lands at the foot of the. Cordillera mountains. It has two con- vents, and lies about 170 miles S of Quito.. Cueyte, a river in the ifland of Cuba, whi-ch abounds with alligator;). Culiacan, a province of Guadalanra, in the audience of New Galicia, in Mexico or New Spain. It has Cinaloa on the N, New Sifcay and the Zaiiatecas on t!ie £, ChiametUn *:'[>> ill :'' iff ' ■■"ill M V'; CUM CUM ii III ilf i!n I I Chiametlan on the S, and the gulf of Cal- ifornia on tlie W. It is 60 or 70 leagues long and 50 broad. It abounds with all forts of fruit. The great river La Sal in this country is well inhabited on each fide. According to Dampier, it is a Inlt lake, or bay, in which is good anrhurnge, though it has a narrow entrance, and runs la league* E, and parallel with the Hiure. 'i'hi-rc arc feveral Spanifli fanns, and fait ])onds about it ; and 5 leagues from it are two rich mines, worked by rtavcs belong- ing to the citizens of CnmporiLlla. Here itifo is another great river, whofc banks arc full of woods and palturcs. On this river, Guzman, who dikovcrcd the coun- try, built a town, which he called St, Mit tbael, which fee. Culpepper, a county in Virginia, between the Blue Ridge and the tide waters. The court houfe of this county is 45 miles from Frederickfburg, and 95 from Charlottef- ville. It is 60 miles in length, and ys in its grcatcll breadth. Though in fomc parts the lands are poor, and covered with pine, they are generally cultivated and fertile, producing wheat, tobacco, flax, and potatoes. In fomc parts are rich meadows covered with timothy and clo^ ver. There are mineral fprings efficacious in removing bilious and fcorbutic com- plaints. It contains 10,75% f>'cc people, and about 7348 flavcs. Chief towp, fair- fax, Culpeppa-f a pod town in the above CO. 76 miles from Wafhington. Cumana, Of Cuuiana, the capital of New Andalulia, a province of Terra Firma, S. America. It fometimes gives its name to the province. The Spaniards buHt this city in ij so, and it is d<.feudcd by a flrong calilc. This town, lays Dampier, (lands near the mouth of a great lake, or branch nf the fcdjCalledLaguna de Carriaco,about which are feveral rich towns ; but its mouth is fo {hallow that no fliips of bur- den can enter it. It is fituated 3 leagues S of the North Sea, and to the S \V of Margaretta, in about 10 20 N lit. and in 64 20 W Ion. Cuimanagatt, a fmall town in a bay on the coaft of Terra Firma, in the province of Cumana or Andalulia. It is fituated en a low flat fhore, which abounds with pearl oyfters. CumhcrLinci, a harbour in the i/land of Juan Feinandcs. CumbcrlanJ, a hatbour on the S E part ef the ifland of Cuba, and one of the fined in the W. Indies, capable of ihchcriog any number of diips. N lat. ao 30, W \om^ 76 50. It is ao leagues E from St. Jago dc Cuba. CumberLnd, an ifland on the eoad of Camden 10. Georgia, between Prince William's found at the S end, and the mouth of Great Satilia R. at its N end, and 20 miles S of the town of Fredcrica. Before the revolution (there were two forts, called William and St. Andrews, on this ifl; j-eek. It contains about loo houfes a coi'-.l houfe, a gaol, market houfe, a»..'. ; ^nurchcs, on*.- for Roman Catholics, one h)r Methodifts, and one for German Lutherans. Lat. 39 37 N, Ion. 3 44 W. Cumberland Co. in Virginia, on the N fide of Appamatox river, which divides it from Prince lidward. It is 30 miles long and 15 broad, and contains 4127 inhab- itants. The court houfe, where is a poft P^cc, is ;8 miles from Powbataq court lionfc, 51 from Richmond, and jSj froBl Philadelphia. Cumberland Mountain, occupies a part of the uninhabited country of the Hate uf TenelTce, between the difhicts of Wafli- ington and Hamilton and Mcro diftrid; and between the two firft named di(lri«i\» and the (late of Kentucky ; the N cafterly part of the ridijc being the dividing line between KentUi:ky and Virginia. Ihc ridj',e is generally about 30 miles broad, and extends from Crow creek, on Tenelfcc R. from S W to W E. In TenefTcc it en- larges in width to 50 miles, anil with io level a furface it may be called the high lands. The place where the Ttnellce breaks through the Great Kidge, called the IVairl or Suci; is 350 miles above the Mufcle flioals. Limelioii'j is tound on both fides the mountain. The muuntaiu confifis of the molt flupendous piles of craggv rocks of any mountain in the wclt- ern countrv. In fevcral parts of it, it is inacceflible for ntiks, even to the Indiius on foot. In one place, pariicul.iily, near the fummit of the mormtain, there is a moll remarkable ledge of ro^ks ot about 30 miles ill length, :.nd 2CO feet thick, iliewing a perpei;ilieul;:r face to the t> li. Cumberland R. Crflltd by the Indians " Shawance," and by the French •' tiliava- non," falls into the' Ohio to miles above the mouth of TeneiTee R. and about 34 miles due 1'^ from tort Mallac, and mj below Pittflu'.rg. It is n;iv!^ahle for larijc veflels to Nafl'villc in Tenelie-e, and from thence to the mouth of Obed's or Obas R. The Caney fork, whieh is 100 yards w Ide, joins it 130 miles above Naibvilk-, liar- peth, Atones, Red, and Ohed's, are \x\ chief hrarclies; fonie of them a; e navi- gable to a great diftancc. 1 he Cumber- land mouutiins in Viiginia feparate the head waters of this ii\er from thofe of Clinch Pv. ' It runs t' W till ii eomes iitai- the .S line of KeniucLy.wlu-n ii.icourfe is wcflcrly, in general, iliroiij]!. Lincoln co. receiving many ftreant:; Iro;.) laeh fide 5 thence it flows 6 W into tiic (tate of Tcn- eiice, where it ta^es a winding coiirie, inclnfing bumner, iJividfon, and Tencflet counties ; alierwards ii takes a N wcftem direiElion and le-cntcrs the It.ite of Ken- tucky ; and IVom thtnce it prclervts near- ly an uniform dillance fiem TtneiTce U. to its mouth, wltere it is 300 yards wide. It is 200 y ards broad at l>ialliville. From the falls in Kentucky to the place where it crofl'es the line into 'I'enefiee, i:; more than jco niiits, thence to h'ulhvilk- is 200, thence ■ \ < n. U'l CUR thence to the Ohio in loo. It !• there* fore navigable without interruption more than 500 miles. In pitfTing through Mern didridl, iti meanders form fevcral pcnin- fulaA, 14 or 15 miles round, and about one acrof» the idhmus. Cum&erlandHiver, a place fo called, where a port office is kept, in TenLfl**.'c, 13 miles from Cumberland mountain, and So from the Crab Orchard in Kentucky. CumberlanJ, a counfy of Kentucky, con- taining 3048 inhabitants, of whom 136 arc flaves. Cumberland Gaf, Claiborne eo.Tencflec, has a pod office, 528 miles W of Wafli- ington. Cumberland Totunjbip, in U. Canada, lies partly in the county of Stormont, and partly in Dundas, and is the Tixth town- iliip m afcending the Ottawa river. Cummojbaiuasy or Cummafiawita^ a found and village on the E fide of Wafliington ifland, on the N W coafl of N. America. The port is capacious and fafe, and it« mouth lies in 53 a 30 H lat. and in %%i 9,% W Ion. In this port Capt. Ingraham remained fome time ; and he obferves, in his journal, that here, in diredt oppofition to moll other parts of the world, the women maintained a precedency to the men in eveiy point ; infomuch that a man dares not trade without the concurrence of his wife ; and that he has often been witnefs to men's being abufed for parting vrith {kins before their approbation was obtained : and this precedency often oc- cafioncd much didurbance. Cummtngton, a townfliip in Hampfiiire CO. MafTachufetts, having 985 inhabitants ; lying about ao miles N W of Northampton. Cunningham^ s Ifland in Upper Canada, is fituated at the W end of lake Erie, S tvcflerly of the Bafs iflands, and foutherly •f Ship ifland. Curajfou, Caraqoa, or Q/ierlfoa, an ifland Jn the Weft Indies, belonging to the Dutch. It is fituated in iz degrees N lat. 9 or 10 leagues from the conti.itnt of Terra Firma, is 30 miles long, and 10 broad. It feems as if it were fated, that the ingenuity and patience of the Hollanders lliould every ■where, both in Europe and America, be employed in fighting againfl an unl'riendly nature ; for the ifland is not only barren, and dependent on the rains for its water, but the harbour is n.iturally one of the •worft irt America ; yet the Dutch have en- tirely remedied that deft'ct ; they have up- on this harbour one ot the largeft, and by tar the moft elegant and cleanly towns in cun the Weft Indies. The public buildisgi are numcrouH and handfume ; the private houfcs commodious ; and the magazines large, convenient, and well filled. All kind of labour is here performed by en- gines ; fome of them io well contrived, that fliips are at once lifted into the dock. Though this ifland is naturally barren, the induftry of the Dutch has brought it to produce a confulcrable quantity both of tobacco and fugarjit has befide, good fait works, for the produce of which there is a briflc demand from the Englifli iflands, and the colonies on the continent. But what renders this ifland of moft advantage to the Dutch, is the contraband trade which is carried on between the inhabitants and the Spaniards, and their harbour being the rendezvous to all nations in time of war. The Dutch fliips from Europe touch at thi« ifland for intelligence, or pilots, and then proceed to the Spanifli coafts for trade, which they force with a Itrong hand, it being very difficult for the Spanifli guarda coftas to take thefc vefTels ; for they are not only ftout fliips, with a num- ber of guna, but are manned with large crews of chofen iimen, deeply interefted in the fafety of the veflel and the fuccefs of the voyage. They have each a fhare in the cargo, of a value proportioned to the ftation of the owner, f'upplied by the merchants upon credit, and at prime coft. This animates, them with an uncommon courage, and they fight bravely, becaul'e every man fights in defence of his own property. Belide this, there is a conftant intercourfe between this ifland and the Spanifh continent. Curafl"ou has nume? 1 rous warchoufes, always full of the com- I modities of Europe and the Eaft Indies, I Here are all forts of woollen and linen cloth, laces, fdks, ribbands, iron uteniils, naval and mihtary ftores, brandy, the fpices of the moluccas, and the calicoes of India, white and painted. Hither the Dutch Weft India, which is alio their Af- rican company, annually bring -thr^e or four cargoes of flaves ; and to this mart the Spaniards themfclves come in fmall vefl'ela, and carry oiF not only the befk of the ne- groes, at a very high price, but great quaa- tities of all the above forti of goods ; and the feller has this advantage, that th« refufe of warehoufes and mercers' fltopg, and every thing that is grown ur. fliion- able and unfalcable in Europe, go ofrhere extremely well ; every thing being fuffi- ciently recommended by its being Euro* pean. The Spaniards pay in gold or filver, ctincd aoined or bark, cod Inudities. times of pe to the Di hut in time for then it 1 of the Wef fliips of al refufes non to dcftroy < with Spain Spanifli Co! market fre fupplied eii French con corn, flour, from the co ported fron peace or in flouri flies < this ifland f Curiaco, a ica, on the Currituci of Edenton 1 the N E coi «d E by Cu of Virginia W by Camd itants, of wi fwamp lies of Albemarl to contain c eftates in A Difmal, wl 350,000 acri long and 7 r aal, 30 feet 1 BctHis the wa of Skuppern from the lak rdfeveralfa' the lake is h canal, the co under water fwamp, whic rice. For ai mat, fee Greii Currituck, Maine, aS : In 1792, thii ment on Ken fiftcd of abou Inhabitants. ^ Cufeo, the 1 vian empire, i the mountain 45 S lat. and •n the dceiia cus cus the ioined or in hurt, cocoa, vanilla, jefuitt bark, cochineal, and other valuable com- modities. The trade of Curaoou, even in times of peace, is laid to be annuitlly worth to the Dutch, no lefs than £.j,oc,ooo; l)ut in time of war the profit is (till greater, for then it becomes the common cmporiHm of the Weft Indies ; it afibrds a retreat to lliips of all nations, and at the fiimc time refufes none of them krms ar.d amniunition to dcflroy one nnother. The i'-.ttrcourlc with Spain being then inttrniptcd, the SpuniHi colonies have fcarccly any other market from whence they can be well fupplied cither with Havcii or goods. The French come hither to buy the beef, pork, corn, flour, and lumber, which are brought from the continent of N. America, or ex- ported from Ireland ; fo that, whether in peace or in war, the trade of this ifland flouriHics extremely. The Dutch took this illand from the Spaniards in 163a. Curiaco, a bay in Terra firma.S. Amer- ica, on the N. Sea. Currituck Co. is lituated on the fcacoaft of Edenton diftridV, N. Carolina, and forms the N E corner of the ftatc ; being bound- ed £ by Currituck found, N by the ftatc of Virginia, S by Albemarle ibund, and W by Camden co. containing 6928 inhab- itants, of whom 1530 are flaveit. Difmal fwamp lies in this county, on the S fide of Albemarle found, and is now fuppofcd to contain one of the moft vaUmble rice cftates in America. In the n.idft of this Difmal, which contains upwards of 350,000 acres, is a lake of about 1 1 miles long and 7 miles broad. A navigable ca- nal, ao feet wide, and sh n^ilcs long, con- acifts the waters of the lake with tlie head of Skuppernoug riTcr. About 500 yards from the lake, the proprietors have ercdl- rdfevcral faw mills : and as the water of the lake is higher than the banks of the canal, the company can at any time lay under water about 10,000 acres of rich fwamp, which proves admirably fitted for rice. For an account of the other Di(- mal, fee Great Difmal. Curritucky or Caratunk, a fcttlcment in Maine, 28 miles above Norridgewalk. In 179a, this was the uppermoQ fcttle- ment on Kcnnebeck river, and then con- fiftcd of about ao families, in i8co of 136 inhabitants. Cufec, the ancient capital of the Peru- vian empire, in S. America, is fituated in the mountainous country of Peru, in la a5 S lat. and 70 W loo. and has long been •n the dceliac. It is jrtt a Tcry coufidcr- ablc place, having about ao,ooo inhabit^ ants. I'hii famous city was foutidid by the firft Ynca, or Inca Mango, as the feae and capital of his empire. The Span- iards, under Don I'rancifco Pizarro, en- tered and took p"iT"( fli; n c ir in the year 1534. t,\i :i mounuin ccni»j;uuu5 to the N ji.ir: til the city, arc the ruins of the umous fort nnJ palace of the Yncas, the ftoncs (f which are of an enormous mag- t.itudc. Three fourths of the inhabitants are Indians, who are very induftrion iit manutiioturin^';; b;ii:^c, cotton and leather. They have alfo here, as well as at Quito, a tafle for painting ; Ibmc of their per- formances have been admired even in Ita- ly, and are difpcrftd all over S. America. Ciifcotviiu, in E. Florida, is the capital of the Alachua tribe of Indians, and flanda in the moft plealant fituation that conld be delired iii an inland country ; upon 1 high, fwelling ridge of fand lulls, within 300 or 40 yards of a I' .^e and lieautiful lake, abounding with liQi and wild fowl. The lake Is terminated on one fide by cx- tcnfive forerts, conlifting of orange grovcs» overtopped with ^rand magnolias, palms, poplar, tiliu, live oaks, &c. on the other fide by extcnfive green plains and mead- ows. The town confifts of 30 habitations, each of which confifts of % houfes, nearly of the fame fizc, large and convenient, and covered elofe with the bark of the cyprefs tree. Each has a little garden fpot, containing corn, beans, tobacco, and other vegetables. In the great Alachua fnvnnna, about 2 miles diftant, is an in- clufed plantation, which is worked and tended by the whole community, yet every family has its particular part. Each family gathers and dtpoliis in its granary its proi)cr iliare, fctting apart a fmall con- tribution for the public granary, which ftands in the midft of the plantation. Cujhui, a fmall river which empties into Albemarle found, between Chowan and the Roanoke, in N. Carolina. Cujhttunk Mountaint, in Hunterdon co. N. Jerfcy. Cujhitigy% townfliip in Lincoln co. Maine, feparated from Warren and Thomaftown by St. George's R. It was incorporated in 1789, contains 1415 inhabitants, and lies ai6 miles £ by N of Bofton. The E part of this town is now St. Gnrget i iS miles S E of Wifcaflett. Ciijens, a fmall river in Cumberland co. Maine, which runs a S E courfe to Cafco b ly, between the towfls of Frceport and Nonh Yarmouth. — Cuffltat^ i1 ^1 m DAN DA^^ if, i M ^ n m CiiJJtt.ih, an Indian town in the wertcrn part ot Ocor^i.n, i % niilc» above the Broken Arrow, on C'dttahoofee river. Ciittiitunk, one of the Eliaabitlt IJlanJi, tvhich fee. Cults JjtanJ, a ftnall idand on the coafl of York CO. Maine. See 2ftc!.:o,.k R. Cape. Cyzetilliiii, Sec Si, Stiafii.in R. in New SpHili. Cuziimil, an idand in the province of Yiicstan, ,»nd audi'*nce of Mexico, litiut- rd in the bay of Hondums ; tj leagues long, and 5 broa's Straits, are between the N F. point of New Guinea, and the S W point of New Britain. S lat. 6 15, E Ion. from Paris, 146. .»i(/i, a confiduTable river of N.Carolina, whirh unite* with the Staunton, ind Torn-.V the Roanoke. It might be rendered nav- i^abL with a fmall expenfe, ico milc< tbove it* junction with the Staunton. The famout Buried hill (land* on the lank of the Dan, in Virginia, near the borders of N Carolina. It appears to have been an ancient volcano, 'i'licre arc l.«r[>,c rocks of the lava, or nuhcd matter, trom 1000 to 1500 weight, lying on the lummit of the hill. The cr..ttr is partly lillcd and covered with large trees. Daii.i, a new town of Worccrtcr 0. Maflachufetts, formed from the corneri of Greenwich, in Hamplliire co. and Hardwick and Peterfliam in Worcertcr co. Danbury, a town in Grafton co. N. HampHiire, containing i6j inhabitants. Danbury, a poll town in the co. of Fair- field, in Connecticut. It was fettled in 1687, and the compact pirt of the town contains 2 churches, a court houfe, and about 60 dwelling houlcs. On its fmall flreams are iron works, and fevcral niilla. Mr. Lazarus Beach prefcnced to the mufeum in New York city, a quire of paper, made of the albedos, at his paper mill in Danbury, March, 1 792, which the hotted fire would not confume. It lie"f about 70 miles N F. of New York city, ai'd 33 N W by W of New Haven. Thl;i town, with a large quantity of military florcs, was buriit by the Britifli on the 26th of April, 1777. It ha» 3180 inhab- itants. Danby,3, poll town in Rutland co. Ver- mont, E of PawLt, and contains 1487 in- habitants, 32 miles N of Bennington. D.itta'riJfre, fo called in honor of the maiden name of Mrs. VVaihiiigton, lady of the late Prefident Wafliington ; a poll and county town of the co. of Jcllcrfon, Tentllee; 565 miles W of Wafliington, Itjniil, Port, on the northern lide of Chaleur bay, is a commodious harbour for veiFels of a eonfiderabie draught of water. It affords a cod fiHiery, and i* about 9 leagues from Pato, W N W of Cape Defpair. Danijli America. In the W. Indies the Danes poflcfs the illands of St. Thomas, St. Croix, or Santa Cruz, and St. John's ; which are defcribed under their refpee- ti ve names. The Danifli policy, in rcfpcCl to their iflands, is wife, and deferving of imitation. Thefe iflands \vcre ill man- ap^ed, and of little confcqiience to the Danes, whilft in the hands of an exdufivc company ; but fince the late king bought up the company'i (lock, and laid the trade open, the lad>- pol! ;rfon, , K Carolina. Danville, a poll town of Northumber- land CO. Pennfylvania, on the Sufquehan- na, at the mouth of Mohoning creek, 12 miles above Northumberland, and aio from Wafliington. Danville, a poll town of Pittfylvania, Virginia, on Dan river. In 1798, it con- tained t6 dwelling houfes. It is a place of confidcrable bufinefs, having a tobacco infpc<5lion, and feveral mills. It is 170 miles S W of Richmond, and joi from Wafliington. Vol. I. H DAR D.tHvtlt*, a thriving pofl towA in Mer- cer co. and forme fly (he metropolis of Kentucky, pit li'anfly Tiniated in a 'arge fertile pbin, on ihc S W lide of Dick's R. 35 miles y S W of Lexington. It eon- fifts of about so hotifcs, and .1 Hrcfbytc- rian church. From I.ccfbur;; to Dan- ville, the country, for the (irft aomiici, !• of an inferior tate for lands in ihii roiin- try ; hut round Lexington, and fiom Lcelburg to Lexington and Bonnfltoroughi is the richefl land in the country It it 40 miles !> by E of Frankfort, H3 from Louifville, aoi from Hawkins in Tencffee, and 830 from Philadelphia. N Ut. 37 30, W Ion. 85 30. Danville, a port town !n Caledonia eo. Vermont. It was a wildcrncfs, without fo much as a Tingle family, a few vcara ago, and now contains 1544 inhabitants. It lies 8 miles N W of fiarnct, 607 N E of Wafliington. Darby, a fmall town in Delaware co. Pennfylvania, on the E fide of Darby creek. It contains about 50 houfes, and a Quaker meeting houfc, and lies 7 miles S W by W of Philadelphia. There arc twotownfliips of this name, in the coun« ty, wllrd Upper and Lower, from their relative lltnation. Darijn, or Terra Flrma Proper, is the northern divifion of Terra Firma or Caf- tilc del Oro. It is a narrow idhinus, thatf properly fpeaking, joins N. and S. Amer- ica together ; hut is generally reckoned as part of the latter. It is bounded on the N by the enlf of Mexico ; on the S by the .South tea ; on the E by the river or gulf of Darien, and on the W by ano- ther part vif the South fea and the prov- ince of Veragua. It lies in the form of a bow or crefcent, about the great bay of Panama, in the South fea, and is 300 miles in length. Its breadth has generally been reckoned 60 miles from N to S ; but it is only 37 miles broad from Porto Btllo to Panama, the two chief towns of the province. The former lies in N lat. 9 .U 35. W Ion. 81 5a ; the latter in N lat. 857 48, W Ion. 8a. This province it not the richeft, but h of the greated im- portance to Spain, and ha!> been the fcene of more aiStions than any other in Amer- ica. The wealth of Peru is brought hither, and from hence exported to Eu- rope. Few of the rivers in this country arc navigable, having flionls at their mouths. Some of them bring down gold duft ; and on the coafl are valuable pearl fiiheriei. Neither of the oceans fall in ac epc* 'X , r, ; 'I % m iHI DAR DAR 4 ' ;i lii! once upon tlie fliore, but arc intercepted by a great many valuable iflands, that He fcattered along the coaft. The iflands in the bay of Panama are numerous : in the fulf of Daricn are thiee of conlldcrable KC, viz. Golden ifland ; anotlicr, the largefl of the three, and the ifland of J'ines ; beiide fmaller ones. Tlic nar- .rowcA part of the iflhmus is called fomc- times the ifthmus of Panama. The coun- try about it is made up of low fickly val- liesi and mountains of Aich ftupeudous height, that they fccm to be placed by nature as eternal barriers between the ' Atlantic and Pacific oceans, which here approach fo near tach other, that, from thefe mountains, the waters of both can .he plainly feen at the fame time, and feemingly at a very fmall diftance. The rocky mountains here forbid the idea of a canal ; but by going into I2 N lat. and joining the head of Nicaragua lake to a fmall river, which ri:ns into the Pacific ocean, a communication between the two feas becomes praiSlicable ; and by digging 30 miles through a level, low country, a tedious navigation, of 10,000 miles, round .Cape Horn, might be faved. What would he the confcquences of fuch a jun«5tion, is not cafy to fay ; but it is very probable, that, in a length of years, fuch a jundtion .would wear away the earthy particles of the idhmuB, and form a broad ftrait be- tween the occnna ; in which cafe, the gulf ftream would ceafe, being turned into a diiFercnt channel ; and a voyage round the world become an inconfideriiblething. The Scotch nation had fo jud an idea of the great importance of this ifthmus, that they got poflelTion of a part of the prov- ince in 1699, and though among the pnor- e(l nations in Europe, attempted to form an eftabliilimcnt more ufeful and of more real importance, all the parts of the plan confidjsred, than had perhaps ever been undertaken by the greateft nation in the world. The proje forming a la mains of an o of the ifland, the natives. Dauphin, a Breton, round principal fctt Louifburg. Dauphin Co, merly contain til crcdled int< 4, 1785. Its i tents 586,400 by the counti York, Berks, ; divided ixito town 111 on the foutli- Tited in ints. N Gcor- rmcd by avannah Eg Dart- mouth D A U mouth, which ii a mile below Charlotte Fort, which fee. The town and fort de- rive their names from James, earl of Dartmouth, whofe influence in the Britilli councils obtained from the king, a grant and powers to the Indian trading com- pany in Georgia to treat with the Creeks, ior the territory called the New Purebufe, ceded in difchargc of debts due to the trad- ers. This tra<£t contains about a,ooo,ooo of acres, lyiug upon the head of the Grc?t Ogechee, between the banks of th'. Sa- vannah and AUtamaha, touching jn the Oconee, including all the waters of Broad and Little Rivers. This territory com- prehends a body of excellent, fertile land, well watered by innumerable rivers, creeks, and brooks. Djuphin, Fori, a jurifdi(Stion, fort and feaporc town in the N part of the iland of St. Domingo. This diviiion contains 5 parifhcs. Its exports from Jan. i, 1789, to Dec. 31, of the fame year, confided of fugar, cofTce, cotton, indigo, fpirits, mo- lafles, ?n'i tanned hides, in value 35,25a dolls. 13 cents. The town of Fort Dau- phin is remarkable for a fountain con- ftrutfted by the orders of M. de Marbois, which coll 10,678 dollars. N lat. 19 41. DaufiiH, Fort. See JIa Braga, Dauphin, an ifland about 10 miles long, in the mouth of Mobile bay, 5 miles from MafTacre I. with a flioal all the way between them. Thefe are fuppoftd for- merly to have been but one, and went by the general name of Mafl'acre, fo called by Monf. d'lbberville, from a large heap of human bones found thereon at his landing. It was afterwards called Dauphin I. The W end, a dlQance of between 3 and 4 miles, is a narrow flip of land with lome dead trees ; the reft is covered with thick pines, which come clofe to the water's edge on the E fide» forming a large bluff. There is the re- mains of an old French pofl on the S fide of the ifland, and of fome old hotifes of the natives. N Ut. 30 10, W Ion. 88 7. Dauphin, a fort in the ifland of Cape Breton, round which the French had their principal fcttlemcnt, before they built Louifburg. Dauphin Co. in Pennfylvania, was for- merly contained in that of LancaAer, un- til created into a feparate county, March 4, 1785. Its form is triangular ; its con- tents 586,400 acres, and is furrounded by the counties of Mifflin, Cumberland, York, Berks, and Northumberland. It is divided iato 9 towulLips, the chief of DAV which is Harrifburg ; the number of ht inhabitants 33,270. Nearly one half of the land is under cultivation ; but the northern part is very rough and moun- tainous. In feveral of the mountains is found abundance of' iron ore of the lirft quality ; a furnace and forge have been erected which carry on brifkly the man- ufadlure of pig, bar iron, &c. 'ITie firft fct- tlers here were Irifti emigrants, who were afterwards joined by a number of Germans. In the town of Dcrry, on the bank of Swa- tara creek is a remarkable cavern ; its en- trance is under a high bank, and nearly 20 feet wide, and about 8 or 10 feet in height. It defcends gradually nearly to a level with the creek. Its apartments are nu- merous, of different lizes, and adorned with ftalaiSlites curioufly diverfified in fize and colour. Near the loot of Blue mountain is a mineral fpring, much cele- brated by the country people for its effi- cacy in removing rheumatic and other chronic difordets. Dauphin R. !i river of U. Canada, which empties into lake Winnipeg on the W fide, at the head of Martin's bay. Lat. 52 15 N. Daiiidfon, a county in Mero diftriiSl, Teneffcc, bounded N by the ftate of Ken- tucky, £ by Sumner, and S by the Indian territory. Its chief town, Nafhville, lies on the great bend of CumberkHd R. and is watered alfo by the Harpith and Stones rivers. The timber is remarkably large, trees often meafiire 8 or 10 feet diameter. It contains^ 9620 inhabitants, of whom 2936 are flaves. Da-vis S of St. John's har>. i>our, and N W of Cape Spear. Dedbam, a port town, and the capital of J^orfolk CO. Maflachufetts, cilled by the aboriginals Tiot, and by thp firft fettlers, Clapboard Trees ; one of the pariflies Hill retains this name. The to>vn the Miami between Fo lake Erie. De La I nois R. in 1 yards wide, Delamatfei with the De De La W CO. Virginia fula formed munkyandl thence aflui lies 20 miles N lat. 37 31 Delatvare 60 miles Ion trance of thi occupies a fj and is io wid in the middl thfe land. It and S £, bet right, and Ci capes are 18 R. was called nals, and in a ed Zuydt R. branches in ^ mod of whic Cookquago b the,lat. 42 25 turning S eal fvlvania line 1 thence, it reci from the N E, ntountains. ' imtil it drikes in lat. 41 24 through Delai K, and Pennf The bay and i fea up to tlie ^ DEL DEL foilpt S £ of Cppcord, and 35 N W of Portfmouth. It contains 1878 iiihabitanu, and was incorporated in 1766. Deer Ifland^ an iflaud and townfhip in Penobfcet bay, in Hancock co. Maine, containing 1094 inhabitants. It was ii^ corporatedin 1789, and lies about 8 mil^s S £ of CalUne. Deer, an ifland ip PaiTamaquoddy bay. Deerlng, a townfliip in Hillfborough co, H Hamp{hire, incorporated in 1774. It contains 1244 inhabitants, and lies 15 miles S W of Concord, and 54 miles W of Portfrnouth. Defiance, a fort in the (late of Ohio, llt- uated on the point of land formed by the confluence of the rivers of Au Glaize, and the Miami of the lake, nearly half way between Fort Wayne on the Miami, and lake £rie. N lat. 41 41, W Ion. 84 43. De La March, a weftern water of Illi- nois R. in the N W territory. It is 30 yards wide, and navigable 8 or 9 miles. Delamjttenoos, an Indian tribe, in alliapc^ with the Delawares. De La War, a town in King William's CO. Virginia, fituated on the broad peniif- fula formed by the confluence of the Pa- munky andMattaiKiny. The unitedllream thence afiumes the name of York R. It lies 20 miles N by W of Wijliamfburg, in N lat. 37 31 W. Delaware Bay and River. The bay is 60 miles long, from the cape to the en- trance of the river, at Bombay Hook ; and occupies a I'pace of about 636,000 acres ; and is lb wide in lome parts, as th^t a Ihip, in the middle uf it, cannot be feen from thfe land. It opens into the Atlantic N W and S £, between Cape Henlopeq on the right, and Cape May on the left. Thei'e capes are 1 8 or to miles apart. Delaware R. was called Chihohocki by the aborigi- nals, and in aii old Nurenbeigmap is nam- fA Zuydt R. It rifes by two principal branches in N. York rtate. The northern- mofl of which, called the Mohawk's or Cookquago branch, rifes in lake Utfayan- the,Iat. 42 25, and takes a S W courle, and turning S eaftwardly, it croiTes the Penn- fylvania line in lat. 42 ; about 7 miles from thence, it receives the Popachton branch from the N E, which rities in thp Kaats Kill mountains. Thence it runs fouthwardly, until it Qrikes the N W corner of N. Jerfey, in lat. 41 24 ; and then pulVcs ofF to lea through Delaware bay ; having N. Jerfey V, and Pennfylvania and Delaware W. I'he bay and river are navigable from the (ea up to the great or low<:r falls at Trca- ton, 155 miles; and are accommodate^ with buoys and piers for the dircdlion and fafety of Jliips. A 74 gun Hiip may go up to Philadelphia, 120 niiies by the thip channel from the fea. The di fiance acruls the land, iu a S^£ courfe, to N. Jerfey coafl, is but 60 miles. Sloops go iS miles above Philadelphia, to Trenton fails ; boats that carry 8or9 tons.ioo miles farther, and In» dian canpes i jo miles, except I'cverallmal] falls or portages. For other (Articulars relating to this rivpr. See Henhpen, May, Bombay Hock, JRecdy I. Schuylkill, Lehigh, &C. It is in contemplation tp conned^ the wa- ters of Chefapeak bay with thofe of Del- aware R. by' 4 different canals, viz Elk K, with Chrifuaua creek ; Broad creek, an- othor branch with Red Lion creek ; Bo- hemia, a third branch of the Elk, with Apoquinemy creek ; and Chufler R. with Dpck creek. Delaware, a iniall river of Eafl Florida. See Charlotte Haven. Delaware, one of the United States of N. America, is fituated between. 38 29 30, and 39 54 N lat. and between 75 ; nd 75 48 W Ion. being in length 92 miles, and in breadth 24 miles ; containing 2000 fquare miles, or 1,200,000 acres. It is bounded £ by the river and bay of tlie fapie name, and the Atlantic ocean ; on the S by a line from Fenewick's ifland, in N lat. 38 29 30, drawn W till it interfedis what is commonly called the tangent line, dividing it from the flate of Maryland ; on the W by the faid tangent line, pafTing northward up the peninfula, till it touch- es the weftern part of the territorial cir- cle ; and thei»ce on the N by the laid cir- cle, defcribcd with a radius of 12 miles about the town of Newcaftle, which di- vides this ftate from Pennfylvania. Tliis ftate derived its n:ime from Lord Dc La War, who was inllrunipntal in eftabli fil- ing tlie firft fettlement of Virginia. It is di- vided into 3 counties, Newcallle, Kent, and SufTex ; whofe chief towns are Wilming- ton, Newcaftle, Dover and Lewes. Do- . ver is the feat of Government. 1 he mun- berofinhabitants is 64,173, of whom 6t53 are flaves. The eaftern fide of the ftritc is indented witha large number oi crecks.or fmall rivers, which generally iuve a fliort courfe, foft banks, numerous ll.oais, and are fkiited with very extemive niarilies, anderipty into the river and bay ot Del- aware. In the foufhei 11 and wcflcni parts of this ftate, fpringths head watert of Pocomoke, Wicoinico, N.iuticoke, Choptaak, Chcner,Sal]V.fius and Buheiuia livers, &^ ': »* DEL rivers, all falUnjj into Chefapeak bay ; fome of them are navigable ao or 30 miles into the country, for veflcls of 50 or 60 tons. The ftate of Delaware, the upper parts of tlic county of Newcaftle exctpt- *d, is, to fpeak generally, iow and level. Large quantities of flagnant water, at particular fcafonsof the year,overfprcad- jng a great proportion of the land, render it equally unfit for the purpofes of agri- culture, and injurious to the heatth of the inhabitants. The fpine, or highcft ridge of the peninfula.runs through the flate of Delaware, inclined to the eaftern or Del- aware fide. Il is defignated in Suflex, Kent, and part of Newcaftle co. by a re- markable chain of fwamps, from which the waters defcend on each fide, pafifingon the eaft, to the Delaware, and on the \vc1k to the Chefapeak. Delaware is chiefly an agricultural ftate. It includes a very fer- tile tra«Sl of country ; and fcarcely any part of the United States is better adapt- ed to the different purpofes of agriculture, or in which a greater variety of the moft iifeful productions can be fo conveniently and plentifully reared. The foil along the Delaware river, and from 8 to lo miles into the interior country, is gener- ally a rich clay. From thence to the fwamps abovemcntioned, the foil is light, fandy, and of an inferior quality. Except- ing fome of the upper parts of the county of Newcaftle, the furface of the ftate is very little broken or irregular. The heights of Chriftiana are lofty and com- manding ; fome of the hiJls of Brandy wine are rough and ftony ; but defcending from thefe, and a fc^v others, the lower country is fo little diverfified as ainioft to form one extended plain. In the county of Newcaftle tlte foil ctmfifts of a ftrong . 1792,133,972 dolls. 47 cents; do. 1793, 9.1»559 doll*. 45 cents j do. 1794, 307,985 dolls. 33 cents ; do. I795» 1.^8,041 dolls. 21 cents ; do. 1801, 440,jro4 dolLs. loiliis ftate there is a variety of religious denom-' inations. Of Pre(hyterians there are 24 churches ; of Epifcopalians 14 ; of Bap- tifts 7 ; of Methodifts, a coniiderable num- ber, efpecially in the two lower counties of Kent and SufTex ; the number of their churches is not exadlly afcertained. Be- fide thefe there is a Swedifli church at Wilmirgton* ;.iil, t)EL iV'ilmlngton, which it one of the oldeft churches in the United State*. There are £cw minerals in this ftate, except iron ; large quantities of bot| iron, ore, very fit for cafiings, are found tii Siiflez co. among the branches of Nanticoke R. Before the revolution this ore was worked to a great amount. ; but this bufinefs has fince declined. Wheat and lumber are the fta« pie commodities of this (late. The other articles of produce and nianufadhire, are Indian corn, barley, pats, flaxfeed, falted proviflons, paper, flit iron. fnulF, See. Set- tlements were nude here oy the Dutch a- bout the year 1613, and by the Swedes about the year 1637. Their fettlements were coniprehended in the grant to the duke of York ; and U^lliam Penn united them to his government by purchafe. They were afterwards ffeparated, in fome meafure, from Penilfylvania,and denomi- nated the 'ttree Lower Countiet, They had their own afiemblies, but the gover- nor of Pennfylvania ufed to attend, as he did in his own proper goveminent. At the late revolution, the three counties were eredted into a fovereign ftate ; and liave eftabliihed i republican conftitu- tion. Dtlavaari Co. in Pennfylvania, is S W of Philadelphia co. on Delaware R. It is about 21 miiesin iength.and 15 in breadth, containing il.r,loo acres, and fubdivided into 41 townfliips ; the chief of which is Chefter. The number of inhabitants is 12,809. Hie iands bordering On the Del- aware are low, and aiFord excellent mead- ow and palturage ; and arc guarded ff om inundations by mdiinds of earth or dykes, which are fometimes broken down in ex- traordinary fredies in the river. If this liappens before cutting the grafs, the crop t>f hay is loft for that feafoa, and the rep- aration of the breaches is expenlive to the firoprietors. Great numbers of cattle are >r Bntilh, 1800. Britift, Foreign, >8oi. Britifli, I-°orei);n, "5 77 no; R8s 3U1 6472 1714 Cotton. Cffji- Bales. rounds. 9 6:,J,327 71 3884 1598 105 14,1/9 6,146,325 151.3K6 ai2 5>82 50i 15,769 3.846,877 300 90 8101 2160 J193 l3o33<'36 9.754.»98 8,1!, 2 j6 — ■ — . * I lo,;;yft,374 32,222,562 34,i'ngrctliag ia fettlement, viz. No. 6, 7, 15, and 16 Af- ter running a S cafterly courfe about 15 or 10 miles, it joins the N branch of Kob« beikook, and pafling by Eaflport on the N, empties into the Welt paflage, fo called, bet.veen Campo Bello, and the main. The country between this river and Ma- chias.iu X794,\vasa wildernefs. The banks of the river were at this time thinly fettled by a regulaf and well difpofed people. DcnyjfvlUe, a pofl: town of Wafliington co. Maine 27 miles £ of Macluas. Drnnit, a poft town in Barnlbible co. Maflachufctti, incorporated into a tovra- ihip in 1793, and is 80 miles i> £ from Bolton, and 8 from Barnflable, and con- tains 1 4c 8 inhabitants. In this town are the villages of NobfculTett, of J2 houfes, and Suet of 36 houfes. Di.Hnit Crtel, in Cape May co. N. Jerfey ; the pofl ofllce here is 219 miles fromWalu- iugton. DtitttH, the chief and pofl totvn of Car- oline CO. in Maryland, on the £ fide of Choptank creek, the £ main branch uf Choptank R. It is laid out regularly, and has a few houfes, and lies 7 miles S of Greenfljorough, and 37 S S E of Chefter. DeptforJi a town in Gloucefler co. N. Jerfey. Dtrby, a townfliip in Orleans cd. Ver- mont, on the N line of the (late, on the £ ihore of lake Memphreniagug. Derby, a pofl town in New Haven co. Conneit fur a fa- vourable wind, or make fall to the bank, and haul clofe ; tiicre being fuificient d«pth of water for any vefltl that can en- ter the river. The two forts and bat- teries at this place ToTvn, a town on, the N. weftem fide of the tlland of St. Chriftopher's in the W. Indies, on a baj of the fame name. Digiy, fituatedoQthcS E fide of Annapo- lis bay, 18 miles S W of Annapolis, and 53 N by E of Yarmouth, is one of the mod confiderable of the new fettlemeuts in Nova Scotia. Digget Cafe, on the S fide of Hudfoa ftraits, N lat. 6% 41, W Ion. 78 50. DightoH, a port town in Briftol co. Maf- fachufetts, 7 miles from Taunton, and 20 from Warren, in Rhode Ifland. There are in the towiifliip, 1666 inhabitants. Dinviddie, a CO. i . Virginia, S of Appa- mattox R. which divides it from Chefter- iield. It is about .lo miles long, and 20 broad, and its chief town is Peterfburg. I'he CO, contains 4987 free inhabitants, and 6866 (laves. Difiippointment, a bay On the N W coaft of N.America. Nlat.52 ij, Wlon, 129. Bifmal, a fwamp in the townfhip of Milton, . Lincoln CO. Maine. Difmiil Stvamp, called the Great Difmal^ to diflinfiiiiih it from another fwamp call- ed Difnial, in Currituck co. is a very large bog extending from N to S near 30 miles, and from £ to W at a medium about 10 miles ; partly in Virginia, and partly in N. Carolina. No lefs than 5 navigable rivers, befide creeks, rife from* it ; twa run into Virginia, viz. the,S branch of Elizabeth, and the S branch of Nanfc- mondrivcr,and 3 into N. Caroliua,namely, N. R. N, W. R, and Perquimons. All thel'e hide their heads, properly I'peaking, in the Difroal, there being no figns of them above ground. For this, reafon there mud be plentiful fubtcrraneous fioreg of water to feed fo many rivers, or elfe the V ■ ;ih I ill? DIS DOG ihe foil it frt replete with tM« clement, drained from the high lands that fiirroiind it, that it can abundantly afford tiicfc fiippU«3. This is moft probable, as tl)e ground of the fwamp is a mere quagmire, trembling under the feet cf thofe that walk upim it, and every impreflion is in- ftantty tilled with water. The flcirts of he iwamp, towards the E are overgrown with reeds, loor la feot high, intcrlperf- ed every where with (Iroag bamboo briers. Among thcfcgrowhere and there acyprefs or white ced tr, which laft is commonly miftakcn for the juniper Towards the S end of it is a large tradt of reeds, which being condantly green, and waving in the \vind, is called the green fea. In many parts, efpecially on the borders, grows an evergreen flimb, very plentifully, called the g.ll bufli. It beaf* a berry which dies a black colour like the gall of an oak, whence it has its name. Near the middle of the Difmal the treeu grow much thick> f r, both cyprcfs and cedar. Thefe being alvrays green, and loaded with very large tops, are much ezpofed to the wind and eafdv blown down, the boggy ground af- fordmg but a fleuder hold to the roots. Neither bcaft, bird, infedl pr reptile, ap» proach the heart of this horrible defert ; perhaps deterred by the everlafting fliadc, pccafioncd by the thick Hirubs and bufh- es, which the fun can never penetrate, to warm the earth : nor indeed do any birds care to fly Qver it, any more than they ar^ faid to UQ over the lake Avernns, for fear of the noifome exhalations that rife from this vaft body of filth and naAinefs. Thefe noxious vapours infedl the aif round about, giving agues and other dif- tcmpeis to the neighbouring inhabitants. On the weftern border of the Difmal is a pine fwamp, above a mile in breadth, great part of which is covered with water knee deep ; the bottom, ho^-cver, is firm, ^nd the.pines grow very tall, and 3^'' not «*afily blo'N n down by the wind, M'ith all thefe difadvaiitagcs, the Difmsl is, in ma- ny places, pleafing to the eye, though dif: agreeable to the other fcnfes This dread- ful f vSmp WIS judged impalTablc, till the line, dividing Virginia from N. Carolina, •vvas carried through it, in N lat. 36 28, in the year 1718, by order of king George II. Although it happened then to be a very drv feilon, the men who were em- ployed in pufliing the line were not alto- aether free fron\ apprehenfions of being uarved ; it being 10 whole days before t^^ work was accomglifhed, though they prAreeded with all poITible ditigrnce sn4 rcfolution, and bcfidc had no difaftcr t« retard them. This fwamp is cheifly own- ed by two companies. The Virginia com- pany, of which Gen. Wasuinoton was one, owns ioo,oco acres : the N. Carolina company owns 40,000 acrci. In the midll of the fwamp i> * l«ke, about 7 miles long, called Drummond's pond, whofe waters difchargc themfelves to the S into Pafquotank river, which emptie« into Albemarle found} on the N into Elizabeth and Nanfcmond rivers, which fall .into James R. A navigable canal is now digging to conneiH: the navigable waters of the Pafquotank and Elizabeth rivers. The diftance about 14 miles. This canal will pafs about a mile £ of Drummond's pond, and will receive water f'om it. The canal company are incorpo- rated by the corcurring laws'of Virginia and N. Carolina. This canal, when 6n\i}\- ed, will open an inland navigation from the head of Chefapeak bay, including all the ri\xr8 in Virginia, to Georgetown in S. Carolina ; and when the fhort canal I from Elk river to Chriftiana cieek is opened, the communication will extend tp Philatlelphia and the other ports con- neftcd with Delavyare river. Such an ex- tenfive inland communication mufl be beneficial in time of peace, and in time of war will be eflentially Terviceable. Dixon t Sound, on the N W coad of N. America, is the paflage into the found be- tween the main land uid Wafliington's or Qu^n Charlotte's iflands, from the N W. This fecms to be what is called in Ameri- ca BarreWs Sound ; which fec. Dixfdii, A town in Cumberland co. Maine, on the N bank of Androfcoggin R. having Jay on thp E, and Wilton N, about 70 miles N of Portland. Dixhllh, apoft town,Sufirolk co. N. York, 190 miles N E of Wafhington. Dixon's Sprin^f, in Smith CO. Teneflee. Here is a port office, 691 milei W by S from Wafliington. Dohb't Ferry, on Hudfon R. it a6 miles above N. York city. Dogs IJlanii, one of the fmaller Virgin iflands, V/ of Virgin Gorda,and E of Tor- tula. N lat. 18 ao, W Ion. 6a 55. Z>«^ Ribbed Indians, inhabit round lake Ediande, in the N W part of N. America. They are often at war with the Athapul~ cow Indians. Both thefe tribes are among the moft fayage of the human race. They trade with the Hudfon bay company's fettlements. Ediande lake lies N of the Athapufcew Athapiifco' ariilic circl Dtminga, «cean,at tl ico.lftthel: •xcept tiic cradle of \ world. C! it the 6th called it } tdinout lar called Qiiifq mother of the name ol fuliofhubit called it Hi, name the s' Domingo is other natio the capital was thus n of his fat he twcen 17 5 71 and 77 leagues E N 4nd to N V Dot inelttdii that furroui to W.andfi S, When t illand, then ion of hapi mew de las miUions. S ties of the S mous heigh fion of the reduced to ( years I It fo enied by ia\ names of tl MLaritn, Hig The Spaniat of the iiland the year % French, and forced then after repeat were forced French. Tl vivors of tl niers, or hs afcendency i i640,formei born under all the powi colony, undt government, phers, and ai ppanifh part DOM ©OM iltlupvifcow fea, or lake, and near iiif aritlic circle. D»miiig9,St. an illand in th^ Atlantic «eean, at t\\e entrance of the giilf ot Mex- ico, i» the brged of the four ^reat Antilles, ■xcept tite ifland of Cuba,iiii4 proved the cradle of European power in the new world. Chriftopher Columbus landed on it the 6th of Dec. i4;z. The natives called it Hayli, fignifyin^ high or moun- Uinout land Charlevoix Taya it wa% called Qit/jutytt, that is, great country, pf mother of cotintrie*. Others f.iy it had the name of Bobio, which means, a country full of habitations and villages. Columbu* called it Hifpanhla, or Little Spain, which name the Spaniards Hill retain, though St. Domingo is the name commonly uted by other nations ; fo called from St. Ham iiaa, the capital of the Spanifli part ; which was thus named by Columbus in hnnor of his father. St. Domingo is fttup.tcd be- tween 1 7 55 and lo N lat. and between 11 and 77 W Ion from Paris. It lies 45 leagues E N £ of Jamaica, 2a S E of Cuba, 4nd ao N W by W of Porto Rico ; and is, Qot including the fmall dependent illanc!^ that furround it, 1 60 lca2;iies long from E to W,and from 60 to 70 broad fronj N to S. When the Spaniards difcovered the ifland, there were on it at leafl a mill- ion of happy inhabitants, and Bartholo- mew de las Cafas fay« there were three iniilinns. Such, however, were the cruel- ties of the Spaniards, and to fuch an infa- mous height did thev carry their oppref- iion of the poor natives, that they were reduced to 60,000 in the fliort Ipace of 15 years ! It formed five kingdoms, each gov- erned by fovereigns called caciques. The names of thefe kingdoms were Moqua, Afarien, Higiiay, Maguana, and Xaraguny. The Spaniards had pofleilion of the whole of the ifland for 1 20 years. At lad, about the year 1630, a handful of Englilh, French, and other Europeans, came and forced them to fight in its defence, and after repeated wars for 50 years, they were forced to divide the ifland with the French. Thefe latter, being the only fur- vivors of tlic llrft freebooters or bucca- niers, or having infenfibly acquired an afcendency among them, had, fo early as 1640, formed this aflcmbly of individuals, born under the domination of almod all the powers of Europe, into a French colony, under the diredtion of the general government, firll eflabliflied at St. Chrino- fhers, and afterwards at Martinico. The papifh part is by far the mofl extenfive and the woft fertile ; th.it of the Frencli the bed cultivated. The whulo ilUnd now belonjM to the French republic. lli» Sp:inlards li ivin,^ cedrd their pirt ot it to that power in tue tre.ity of i;9.«. 'Hi* Sp .niards, however ungrateful to the di'.- covercr of the new world during his lite, would not Icive his duft out of their ter- ritories. The remains of C()lunib\is, who died the loth of May, I5c6, v eta tir.1 do- pofitcd in Seville, alterwnrdu rcni of J-muaty, 1796, all that w:is mortal of that great man, was committed to the earth the third time, with great parade and ceremony. The French audSpanifli territories, which are now united under one head, are both alike in pofl'cfling the various prod»«flione common to the W. Indies. The E^opcnn cattle arc lb multiplied here, that they ruit wild in the woods ; few of thefe are in the Frcuch part, in compariibn with the .Spanilli. The two j^reat chains of moun- tains, >vhich extend from )•- to W, and their numennis I'pura, give tlie illand an afpecfl, at a diflance, not I'o favourable ps if '.lefervos. They are, however, tlie caufc of the fertility of the ifland. Tlicy give Iburce to innurnerable rivers, repel the violence of tl;e winds, vary the tempera- ture of the air, and multiply the rerourccs of human induftry. They abound witl» exrellent timber, and mines of iron, lead, copper, fdvor, gold, feme precious Hones, and even mercu*^. Here are the moun- tains of Cibaa, Sc.'/f, and Hotff, reckoned rooo fathoms above the level of tie fe.-u In the bowels of the firft, the cruel Span- iards condemned thoiifnndi, of the natives to facrifice their lives, in learch of gold. The mines are not now worked. In the plains, ia the Spaniflj part, the heat is nearly uniform, but varies in proportioa to their diflance from the mountains. Ia the plains, the thermometer is fometimcj at 99. In the mountains it rarely rifea above 77. There tlio night? are ccol enough to render a blanket not unwel- come ; and there arc mountains where even a fire is a very agreeable companion ip fome evenings. '1 Tic contraft of vio- lent heats and heavy r.iins renders St. Domingo humid ; hence the tarnillied ap- pearance of almofl all mct.^ls, however brilliant the polilli they may originally have had. This is particularly obfcrvable on the fea fliore, which is more unhealthy than the interior parts of the ifland. The fouther* DOM Pm^tfm pnrt ©f the ffand »• ful»)ecl lo hrtrrirnHO% railcil lute Citutlx-rn j;:ile»s l*i:,ot attended with fut.-li •fe-viidt'ul C(in<"ee Simmnt pirt i» computed to contain ;ibiiut 9<7 frugufs in its grcatcfl tcngtK frmn E ti> Vr, 60 league* in it* grpHtvd lirendtli ; ftuving a furfare of Ahoot ^zco fqiiare Ica;:;uc3. About 400 fqunre lcayu«'»ot" thi» Ciuface i« in miniiit;rin.s witicli are grner« i»Uy more lapaHe of cuhivattim than thofe fn the I'rcnch part, and havi? linnctinieft a fi'lt tliat dil'piitcs tlic preferenre with tliat r>f th« vallie*. Tliere reireiiiw, therefore, ,1 fine fertile ftirfacc of more th;in 1700 tquHt'c league*, divided into vallti'» and plains of VHriottn lengths and broadthi*. Many circumft.inceD confpired to render thi» iiiar J a place of iiniiortance to tlie 9pania^iU. It was a key to the Ridf of Mexico, a convcniewt plare for their flii^i- pliig to touch at, an excellent rciulexYtJUS for their Ajiiadrons and fleets, nnd an im- portant hold for naval operation* of all forts; hut from the imiwlitie mealnrei of tFie government, and th'.- refttaint* on commerce, it proved rather a but den than an advantage to the motlier country. The cantons or jurifdiiSlion*, beginning at the wcflernmoft point of the Spanifh frontiers, on the fouthern coaft or nar- rows, are, Bahann, (pofleifcd by the Iwig- anda or fugitive Spaniili and FrciicU ne>- jrocs, who tnliabit the monntain of Baho- ruco) Nryh, ytzii'7, Bam or A''ani, the city of St. Domiiijro, and terHtory dependent theeeonfSt.Lauri-ni dej MmetyStimanUfC'jtuy, la Vega, St, Ta^^o, DaxaioH, S(. Raphael., Hinche, Banijue, and St. 'John of Maguana. Over the whole of the Spanifli part of the itiand, mountain!! and plains, were fpread, according to St. Mery, 125,000 inhabit- aiKs ; of whom 110,000 were free, and l5/)00 flaves ; not 40 individuals to one fquare league. The Spauifli Creoles are infeniible of all the treafures which fur- round them, and pafs their lives without wishing to change their lot ; while the French portion, when they poffeffed it, fumifhed three fifths of the produce of all the French W. India colonies put together; or more than 10 millions fterling. The drcfn and mode of living of the Spanifh Creoles indicate pride, lazinefs, and pover- ty. A capital, which of itfelf indicates decay, little inflgnificant towns here and there, a few colonial fettlements, for which the name of manufa. hour uiul d.tnger in the chafe. The hatti'i are tfie uolt numeruu» fort of SfMnilh fettlements and of an evtent far dil'pro- portrowed to their utility. The f'lpply i»f hcfraed cattle to the Fiench p;irt uf the ilUnd was eftinviied, by St. Mery, at Ids tlt:uk ij,ocohead annuatlr ; of whiuh the J'fiwniards famished four fifths. Tliefe at 30 dolts, a head, and bringingthem by the •Sponiards, amounted to 450,000 dellara> Tlti* f/)nncd rhrte quarters of tl»e prod- uce ol' the colony ; and the inipoft paid to government wa» 10 per cent. The nnmlier uf -'00,ooc head of rattle wm the number in the general cenfus taken by order of the prefidcnt in 1780, and the rattle exempted from the tribute, amount- <'d if> 850,000 ; without comprehending horfes, mules and aiTcs, which, with an augmentation citimated ftnce 1780, made a ftock of 300/xo head, and ao annnal produdinn of 6o,COO ; and fuppolc a fifth part of the young ones perifli acrid*nt- aJIy, there ftill remains 48,000. 'I'lie r^ fources of the colonics were very confin- ed, and their few uftablilhments bt-htw mediocrity. There were but %% fngar inannfadlorics of any confequence ; the reft being not worth naming ; and even thefe 42 bad altogether hut about 6oo negroes. Of thefe, 6 prtiduced fyrop, and fomc fugar ; but the others, called trapha- cies, where animals were employed to turn the mills and prefs the canes, with- out fhelter, in the open air, made nothing but fyrop. The whole of which produce was generally ufed in the colony ; fmall quantities were fometimes fent to Porto Rico, or to Old Spain ; and the goodnefs of the fugar proved that of the foil, but nothing in favour of the manufadtnrer. The coffee raifcd here is excellent ; each tree in a ftate of bearing will produce on an average a pound weight, and is fome- times of a quality equal to that of Mocha^ yet chocolate is preferred to it. Cotton grovrs naturally at St. Domingo, of an ex- cellent quality, even without care, in ftony land, and in the crevices of the rocks. The numerous roots of indigo are only obftacles to the feeble cultivation of the fields, where it grows fpontaneoufly. All thefe valuable produi^ions have fhared the fate of depopulation. Tobacco, fays Valverde, Valwrie, any wther | ry where, Cnba or t r Deemed ai turesof Se it in frgar nut of St. than that 1 and Caraca and eiprrii made of th< rate flavor 1 Caraca alor have fharcd tioiH. Tb( part is com; and (laves. refcmUling ftraij^ht and dcVcindants are, kowevi from a mixi Spaniards. Indian; at B fccrit from t' cacique Hen thorityaffim terminated. number, if c conliderable. of flaves. 1 chided from a« well as mi nf the flcin h fitical confli of no diRiniS of a white in perfon. Ind Spanifh eolo this an '.*>i more t'- '.'■*•.- frequency U; would others brancp'. Pe to i 5(.! priedh tf i"; Spaniards felves to mal like the Port with extremt fed as well as principle ant( their emancij himfelf at a p fate of the (la freedom, and by the habit o fort, with tho in (lavery. 1 much nejIedU DOM DOM V&twTile, hzt here a larj;er kaf tlian in anj Mker part of Anurira; it ]U latter, ia the manufac- tures <.if .Si-villc, and is even prd^erable to it in ffg*r«. Tlic kernel of the cocoa mit o! St. Domingo is more acidulated than tlut of the njve», that the chocolate Made of the twu cocuas, has a more dt-li- cxre flcvor than that maiW of the eucoa of Caraca alone. Airan feature, and fometimes more tV •'■ f i, is often betrayed ; but its frequency Uas Clenced » prejudice that would otherwife be a troublcfunK remem- brance'". People of colour are admitted to fli.; priedhood without difficulty ; but th"? Spaniard:) have not yet brought them- felves to make negro priells and billiopt like the Portuguele. Slaves are treated with extreme mildncfs, and arc ufually fed as well as their mailers. A rtligim tlve u .-mat ion of the ilhii'.d, tiicir conrl'cs jtre but /liori, .and few of tiieiu uavi,';iil»l<* t« anr illftaJice. It i- {;viicral)y impointik- 1<» conccivv, frtiiii tlie ti'Kuqtiii alpet't tliut t' " riv< rs iii'ij-illy wear, what tht y be- c.ii.ie whcii tlu>y overflow their banks. A liver tliat but now liardlv covered die jicbblcx on if ■ ij :1, or wet the IckU of tU>^ traveller, ,is ti. wigiil by one tenipeUuoiis fhower into a flood, nicn.icing all tliat it a^ipioaclua ; and iliouM its banks give way, it fpreadu its watery devadation uwr the pl;iiiu. Many of thefe are infefteiA wit^. alligators. 'I'he only lakes or panda worth M.tice are thofr of lienriquelle and Salt pond ; the former is a great cu- riiile, 44,000 free p-.-opIe of colour^ and 6bo,oco llavee. Other accounts make them cojifiderably lefs; t lie above, huw- tver, is from good authority. I'he num- l)er of der^'ths, during ^789, according to the bills of mortality, 7iai ; the number of births the lame year, 4252. 'I'he ex- lifs of dcntlis, 2889, will be the lefs afton- ifliing, when it is confidercd, that in the years 1787, and 1788, there hid been ini- portcd into the colony nearly 60,000 new negroes. The exports from Jan. 1,1789, to Dec. 3 1, of tlic lame year, were 47,516,531 lbs. while fagar, 93.573,300 brown fugar; 76,835,219165 colFee ; 7,004,274 lbs cot- ton ; 758,628 lbs. indigo ; and other arti- cles, Aa tauncd hides, n-.oluilcb, I'pirits, &c. to the value of 46,873 livies: The total value of duties on the above exportations, amounted to 770,801 dolls. 3 cents. Port au Prince is the feat of the French gov- ernment in this ifland, in time of peace, and a place of coufiderable trade. Cape Francois exceeds Port an Prince in the Vahie of its produ(5kioni, (he elegiuice of its buildings, and the advantageous fitua- tion of its port. It is the Governor's refi- dence in time of war. The Mole, though inferior to thefe i« other relpedh, is the firil port in the i/land for fafety in time of war, being by nature and art llrongly fortified. The other towns and ports of any note, are Fort Dauphiir, St. Mark, Leogane, Petit Goave, Jeremic, Les Cayes, St. Louis, and Jacmel, which fee under their diiFerent names. The moti ancient town in this ifland, and in all America, huilt by Europeans, is St. Domingo ; of v/hich an account is given below. To thefe particular obfervations, we add the following, of a more general nature : The fugar and indigo plantations were in the ilat, the coiFee in the mountainous lands. 'I'he pLmtations were for the moft part cuclofsd with live hedges, (Iraight and wtU drefled ; the dwelling and manufac- tory houfet were built auU kid out with great neatuefi and tarfte ; every habltattoa polTeil'ed a private hofpital for the accom« uiodatioa of its lick negroes, who wcr9 parctitally dealt with ; the roads were ex- cellent ; and from the general hofpitality and cheerfulnefs of its former inhabitants, it was cunfidered as one of the moft envi- able fpots on earth. Such was the French part of St. Domingo in 1789 ; but, alas '. it is no more ; the deftrucflive ravages of an unrelenting infurredlion, of fiightful uialTacres and conflagrations, have laid wafle all thole beautiful fettltmcnts, re- duced the buildings to afiies, and laid low in dull or fcattered in exile, its wretched inhabitants. The firfl interference of the National AlTembly, in the affairs of the colonies, was by a decree of the 8th of March, 1790, which declared, " That all free perfons, who were proprietors and refidetits of two years ftanding, and who contributed to the exigencies of the (late, fliould exercile the rights of voting, which conftitute the quality of French citizens." This dpcree, though in fadt it gave no new rights to the people of colour, was re- garded with a jealous eye by the white planters ; whofe pride and refentment dic- tated to them to expel the people of colour from their aifemblies. 'i'his feems to be the true fource of their calamities ; to dc- velope which, and the dreadful confe- 8 or 20 feet water ; which it is afTertcd might be removed without great difiiculty. The city of St. Domingo was originally founded oa the £ iide of the the Ozama, Columbus, w l(al)clla. An Columbus "a' and that the i N coad of til- pher Columb Ifabella in i^ deflioytd mo duced Ovaiidi to (he Wlide was fuon l)uil of dcfign not 1 lis of ihe Ne^ city is a trapc on the E fide 500 fathoms fea ; and of a cumfcrcnce. the city, the 1; about half a !< comes good, a Towards the f very high, whi bit: dyke again It i;i furroundci diameter, and : is a great deal go, particular! lortirications s height of the tirely ; and its 250 fathoms fr are fpacious, ar gives it a pica! thefe ftrects n others from E of the houics, 1 marble found ii ftile of the anc Italy : thofe of tion are of tapis thefe buildings, between pillars filled by degrc which is ranimc until it forms a twcen the pillar together, acqui and the walls ai ftrong, that the ufcielk The Ik tolerably handft nearly uniform, theft, built v.iili Wood, covered w of pnim trees, platformed, bein the rain water t male of tliccnpi Vol. I. I3o^l DOM the Ozama, in 1494, by Bp.rtholomc^* Columbus, who gave it tlie name of New lliiljclla. Authors afTcrt that Cliriflopher Columbus "jiive it the name of hi» father, and that the inhabitants of Ifabella on the N coad of th'.- idand, founded by Chriflo- phcr Columbus ill 1493, removed to New Ifabella in 1496. In 1502 a hurricane deflroytd moft of its buildings, which in- duced OvanJo to remove the inhabitants to the "W llde of the river. The new city was foon built, and that with a grandeur of dclign not unworthy the firft metropo- lis of the New World. The plan of the city is a trapezium of about 340 fathoms on the E fide, along the Ozama ; near 500 fathoms on the S bordering on the fea ; and of about 1800 fathoms in cir- cumference. To the W and to the N of the city, the land is rough and rocky for about half a league, but after that it be- comes good, and the country dtlightful. Towards the fea th* fcite of the city lies very high, which forms an infurmounta- blt dyke againd the fury of the waves It i;i I'urrounded with a rampart 8 feet in diameter, and about 10 feet high. There is a great deal of ordnance at St. Domin- go, particularly caft ordnance, but the lortitications are not ftrong ; and the height of the Ilcignes commands it en- tirely ; and its crown is not more than ajo fathoms from the ditch. The ftreets are fpacious, and ftraight as a line, which gives it a picafing appearance. Ten of thefe ftreets run from N to S, and 10 others from E to W. The grcateft part of the houfes, firft built, arc of a fort of marble found in the vicinity, and in the ftile of the ancient towns of Spain atid Italy, thofe of a more lecent conftruc- tion are of tapia, a fort of pife. To creCl thefe buildings, a cafe is made of planks, between pillars of mafonry : this cafe is filled by degre«-» with a rcddifli clay, which is rammed don-n as it is thrown in, until it forms a folid, or fort of wall, be- tween the pillars. The clay thus prcfled together, acquires an amazing hardnCis, and the walls arc fometiuies fo f<)lid and ftrong, that the pillars of mafonry arc ufelefj. The houfes of St. Domingo arc tolerably lian ties into Long Ifland SlVnd, at the S W corner of ConnedUcut, lat. 41, run* a lit> tie E of N nntil it ftrikcs the 45th dc] of latitude, and then curves to the ward almoft to the Gulf of St. LawreiM^ It* extreme length is about 636 miles. It» breadth is very nncqual from 100 to aoo miles» containing about 73,000 fquarc miles. This grand divifion of the United State* comprehends the States of Vermont, Mw Hampfiitt, Maffaebufittt, (including the DyirlS of Mmne,Rh9dt JJImitd and Prvm' hbmee Plantalitnit and Cenmeffitnt. New England has a very hea'ahful climate, b is eftimated that alraut i in 7 of the in- habitants live to the age of 70 years ; ami about I in 13 or 14 to 80 and upward*. N W, W and S W winds are the moft prevalent. £ and N £ winds, which are unelaftic and difagrecahle, are frequent an certain feafons of the year, particular- ly in April and May, on the fea-coafts from Maine to Rhode Ifland. The weath- er is lefs variable than in the middle, and cfpccially the fouthcrn States, and more fo than in Canada. The extreme* of heat and cold, according to Fahrenheit'* thermometer, are from 30 below to lOO above o. The medium is from 48 to 5a The difeafes moll prevalent in New Eng.* land, are alvine fluxes, St. Anthony's fire, afthma, atrophy, catarrh, eholic, tnflarrels of herrings, 3,017 tons of oil, and 74,181 ffa! fkins. Vcll'eU lie >n the bays and harbours of ti:is I mm NEW NEW this iffand in perfedl fecurity, beinj; well flieltcred, except at the rntrante, by the mountaint; and fome of them (the whole circuit of the ifland being full of tiitm) are x or t leagues in length, and near half a league in breadth, into which fcv- eral rivers and brooki of excellent water come front the adjacent mountains. Thefe atfo are contiguous to each other, being feparited ufually only by a point of land, feldom exceeding i leagues in breadth. But the towns and villages are only on the larger and more commodious bays. The cod are ufually found tu be mod abundant wKere the bottom Is fandy, and the lead numerous where it is mud- dy, and the belt depth is alfo between 30 and 40 fathoms, when a (hip has taken her (iation, flic is immediately unrigged, and a proper place felccEtcd for curing and fecuring the Afli, and huts ercifted for the men who work afliore ; a large fcaf- fold is alfo ercifled at the water's edge, where the number of (hallops deftined for the filhery it got ready, and alfo fe- cured after the feafon is over, till dte following fummer. Ships RtA entering any bay, have the privilege of applying thefe to their own ufe. The mafterwho arrives iird in the feafon in each of the numerous harbours, is for that year ftyled Lord of the Harbour ; who alio fettles difputes among the fifliermen. We ihall net detail the mode ofmanaging and cur- ing the fifli, which is purfutd with much perfevering labour; we fhall only add, that the Great Bank of Newfoutldland, which may properly be deemed a vafl mountain under water, is not lefs than 330 milea in length, and about 75 in breadth. The depth of the water upon it varies from 15 to 60 fathoms, and the bottom is covered with a vaft quantity of iliells, and frequented by vaft flioals of fmall fifh, mofl of which fcrve as food to the cod, that are inconceivably nume- rous and voracious. It is a fadt, in proof of the plenty of cod here, that though fo many hundred vcffcls have been annually loaded with them, for two centuries paft, yet the prodigious confumption has not yet leflened their plenty. The number of fowls called penguins, are certain marks for the bank, and are never found off it ; thefe are fometimes feen in flocks, but more ufually in pairs. The fiihery on the banks of Newfoundland mny he jullly ly efleemed a mine of greater value than of thofcin Mexico or Peru. The French ufed to employ iu this tliliery 264 Hiips, tmmge 17439; and 9403 men. Total value /j 270,000 (Icrling. iVirui found Milh, Hanover co. Virgin- ia. Here is a pod office, 111 miles from Wafliingtoo. Neto Cat Jem, a poft town in Chefter CO. Pennfylv/nia. Nne Gar An, a fettlement of the Friendi in Onildford co. North Carolina. Niw Geneva, apoft town in Fayette co. Pennfylvauk. New Geneva, in Fayette co. Pennfylva- nia, on the S ijdt of the Monongahela. It has a mannfaclory of glafs bottle* and mufquets. Iron ore and coal are found in great plenty in the vicinity. Here it a poft office, 330 miles from Wafliington. NrW'Germantoivn, a poll town of Netr Jerfcy, Hunterdon co. %% miles N W of Brunfwick, 47 N by £ of Trenton, and 77 N E by N of Philadelphia. NewCltueefter, a iVnall pod town in Cumberland co. Maine, 97 miles norther- ly of Portland, and 146 M of Bolton. It was Incorporated in 1774, and contain* i«378 inhabitants. New Gettin&eit, i. tow'n of Ocorgia, Burke co. on tne W bank of Savannah river, about iSmiles Eof Wayndborough, and 35 N W of Ebenezer. Ntib-Graitada, a province in the fouth- em divifion of Terra Firma, S. America, whofe chief town is Santa Fede Bogota. Gee GiMa. NevyGramlbom, a townfliip in Cheihire CO. N. Hampfliire, was incorpotated in 1761, about fifteen mile* S £ of Dart- mouth college. Nev> Hamfjhire, one of the United States of America, is fituated between lat. 42 41 and 45 11 N, and between 70 40 and 7% 38 W long, from Green- wich ; bounded N by Lower Canada ; £ by the Diftridk of Maine ; S by MafTa- chufetts, and W by Connedlicut river, which feparates it from Vermont. Its Oiape is nearly that of a right angled tri- angle. The Diflridt of Maine and the fea its leg, the line of Maflachufetts its Eerpendicular, and Connc tain, and hovers on its top, they predidk rain ; and if, after rain, the mountain continues capped, they expedt a repeti- tion of (howers. A ftorm is preceded for feveral hours by a roaring of the mountain, which may be heard 10 or la miles. But the White Mountains are un- doubtedly the highed land in New Eng- land, and, in clear weather, are difcover- ed before any other land, by vcflcls com- ing in to the eadern coad ; but by reafon of their white appearance, are frequently midaken for clouds. They are viuble on the land at the didance of 80 miles, on the S and S £ fides ; they appear high- er when viewed from the N E, and it is faid, they are feen from the neigh- bourhood of Chamblee and Quebec. The Indians gave them the name of Agt- ocochook. The number of fummits in this cluder of mountains cannot at prefent be afccrtaincd, the country around them being a thick wildernefs. The greated number which can be feen at once, is at Dartmouth, on the N W fide, where feiN en fummits appear at one view, of which four are bald. Of thefe the three highed are the mod didant, being on the eaftern fide of the duller ; one of thefe is the mountaia f :if" J NEW N F. W mountain vhlch makc^ fom»ji.ft!i'an »p' I pC)ir;in>'c all A^mg tlie lliorc of the c.id- crn counties nt Mallarhulctfj ; It h.is lately hccn dirtiiiguiria'd liy tlie name o( Mount IV.iJbingioH. IXirini; the period of 9 or io montlis, titcic niniintain* e'^hihit more or Icf-) or tiiitt l)r!ght appearance, from which tliey are dcnuniinated wltitc. In the iprin^;, vvhei. the fnow is p.ii-ily diflblvcd, they appear 'of a pa!c hUie, (Ireaked with white ; and.'tttr it is whul ]y gone, at the difbuce of Co tiiilcH, they *irc altogether t)f the fame pale hint, near- ly approaching a iky colour ; while at the fame time, viewed at the diflanee ot 8 miles or Iffs, tiity apjiear of the proper colour of the rock. Tliefe change* are ob- fcrved bv people who live within eonflant view of them ; and from thefe fadts and obfe/vations, it may with ecrtainty he concluded, that the whitenciii of them is wholly eaufcd by tiic fiiow, and not by any other white fubfluncci fpr in {^«Sl there is none. The reader will find an elegant dcf- fiiption of thefe mountains in the 3d vol. of i-r Belknap's Hiftorv of New Hanip< fliire, from which the above is extraded I'hc mofl confidcrablc rivers of this State arc Connet^ticut, Merrimack. I'jfcat- aqua, Saco, Androfcoggi n , Upper and Low- er Amonooluck,btfides many other fmali- pifeogce, Umbagog, Sunapec, Squam, and Great Oflapce. Before the war, fliip- building was a fource of ccnfidcrable wealth to this State ; about ioo vefiels \verc then annually built, and fold in Eu- rope and in the W. Indies; but that trade is much declined. Although this is not to be ranked among the great commer- cial States, yet its trade is confidera- l)le. Its exports eonfifl of lumber, (liip- timber, whale oil, flax-feed, live flock, beef, potk, Indian corn, pot and pearl afhes, &c. &c. In 1790, there belonged to Pifcataqua J3 vefTels above 100 tons, and 50 under that burden. The tonnage of foreign and American vefTels cleared cut from the 4 ft of 0er, 1791, was 31,097 tons, of ■which 26.J60 tons were An^criean vcil'cls. The fiflicrics at I'ifcataqua, including the lile of Sho:iinted to 565,;,y4 dollar*. The bank of New iLmplhite v,A% tftabliflicd in 1791, with a capital of 60,000 dollars ; by au aifl ui aflcmbly the (lock-holder* can increafc i^ to 23o,oco dollars i'pccie, and 100,009 dollars, in any other cflate. The only eolle;;e in the State is at Hanover, called Dartmouth Colhi^e, which ii amply en- dowed with lands, and is in a flourifliing licuation. I'liL' principal academiei ar« thofe f>i txctcr, New-lpfwich, Atkinfon, and Amhtrft. ticc Ntw-England, Unittj Siatei, &e. Ntiv Hampton, A pofl town of Kew- Hampfliire, StrafTord laiu which ii circumfcrU bed on three lldcn bv high hilU or moun- lainit. 'I' wo imall rivers bound the city }L and W. It wa> originally laid out in fquaret ol 60 rndt ; many ot thefc fquarcs iuvc been divided by crofg Qrecti. Four jfliects run N W and S £, and are eroded by other* at rijjlit angles. Near the centre of the city it the public bjuare, oa and around whicli are the public buildingi, which are a ftate-houle, 3 college edifice*, a ehapti and edifice ior the library, &c. 3 churchc* for Cungregationaliflu, and one for Epil'copalians ; ail which arc hand- feme and tommodious buildingi. The college cditiccs, (iHtc-hourt, and one of the churches a: c uf brick. The public ftjuarc j* encircled with rows of trees, which ren- der it both convenient and delightful. Its beauty, however, it greatly diminiflied by the burial-ground, and fcvcral of the public buildings which occupy a confid- crable part of it. Many of the ftreets are ornamented with rows of trees on each fade, which give the city a rural appear- ance. The profpecft from the (leeples is Igreatly variegated and extremely beauti- iul. There are between 300 and 400 neat dwelling-houfcs in the city, principally of wood. The flrccts are fandy but clean. !Within the limits of the city in 1798, weri- 547 houfcs, and upwards of 4,000 fouU. About one in 70 die annuaUy. Indeed as to pleafantnefs of fituationand falubri- ly of air, New-Haven is hardly exceeded. by any city in America. It carries on a confiderable trade with New-York and the Wcfl India illands. The exports for i year, ending Srpt. 30, 1794, amounted to the value of i; t,868 dollars. Manufac- tures of card teeth, linen, buttons, cotton, and paper are carried on here. Yale College, which is cftabliflied in this city, was founded in 1700, and rcmainedatKil- lingworth until 1707, thcnatSaybrook un- lit 17 16, when it was removed and fixed at New Haven. It has itsnamefrom its prin- cipal benefa«ftor, Gov. Yale. There are at prei'cnt 8 college domiciles, 3 of which, each 100 fret long, and 40 wide, are in- habited by the fludents, containing 31 cliambcr.4 each, fuificient for lodging -zoo /lurlents ; a chapel 40 by 50 feet, with a Oetple 1 30 feet high; another edifice for the library, &c. of the fame dimcnfions, ^ dining hall 60 by 40 feet ; a houfc for ffhe prtiidfiu, and another for the profcf- for pf divinity. The public library co»> lifts of about .i.cco volumes, »nd the phi- lofophical apparatus ia as complete at moli others in the United dtates.aml con* tains the machines nicefl'.iry tor exhibit- ing experiniiiiti. m tlie whole rourfc of experimental pliil(ii'(i|.'liy ;ind altrouumy. The niiilcum.to wlticlt additions arc coa* flantly m.ikiiig, contains many natural curitifitit*. From the year i/r.oio i;(;3, there had bcc:ii educated and graJurttcd at thin uiiivei fity ai)out 2,303. i'hc niiin- her cf fbiJeiits is jjcnerally 130. The harbour, though interior to New-London, has good anchorage, with 3 f. in the Pacific Ocean, fo called by Capt. Cook in 1794 ; the fame as the Arcbifela^i, „/ tU Great Cycladei of Bougainville, or the Iir* ra Aujiral of Quiros ; which fee. Neio-HotlanJ, a pod town of Pennfvlva" nia.Lancaflcr co. in the mid II of a (< rtile country. It contains a Gernnn church and about 100 hourcn. It ii> 1 2 inJ'es E N E of Lancafttr, and 54 W N W of Philadelphia. N~:'!V-Jl:'nt!ngton. See IJuHtitit^loit, Nrti'iil-i:j\i\iuict. ^ce PifcatJquu. Keivington, a townlliip, t'nnji.rly part of Portlinouth and Dover, in Rot kiupliani CO. New HanipUiite. It contains 481 in- habitants. Nf:vlnijrn:ft, in Geori^ia, i» filuattd near Darien on Alatam i!ia River, It was built by the Scotch Highlanders, 160 of whom landed here in 1735. Nciv-IpfwiJj, a pr-d town in T-li!lf. borough eo. N. Haniptliirc, on the \V fide of Souhegan river, ujion the f(Mith'.'rii line oftheSlatc. It was incorpoiated in 1761, and contains 1,266 inhabitanf*. There is an academy, founded in 178;;, haviiiij a fund of about j^ 1,000, and lus gent rally about 40 or 50 fliidcnti. It is about 24 miles S E of Kcene, and 75 W b W of Portfmouth. Ne-w Jtrfey, one of t!ie Uniied State* of America, \t fituatcd betivccn 39 and 41 24 N latitude, and between 74 44 aiid 7 J 33 W longitude from Loudon \ Iiound- c4 t m NEW NEW cd E by HttdfonV River and the Ocean ; W by Delaware Bay i-J river, which di- vide it from the State:. <.f Delaware and Pennfylvania ; N by th& tine drawn from the mouth of Mahakkamak river, in lat. J^ I 24 to a point on Hudfon's River, in at. 41. It is about 160 miles long and 5a broad, containing about 8,320 fquare philes, equal to 5,3/4,800 acres. It is di- vided into 13 counties, viz. Cape May, Cumberland, Salem, Gluuceder, Burling- ton, Hunterdon, and SufTex ; thefe 7 lie from S to N on Delaware River; Cape May and Gloucefter extend acrofs to the fca ; Bergen, Effcx, Middlefex, and Mon- ir;Oiith, lie from N to S on the eadern fide of the State; Somerfet and Morris are inland counties. The number of inhabit- ants is 211,149, of whom 1242a are flaves. The mod remarkable bay is Ar- thur Kull.or Newark Bay, formed by the iiuion of PaiTaick and Hackiufac rivers. The rivets in this State, though not large, are numerous. A trivellcr, in palling the common road from Nev/ York to Philadelphia, crolTes three confiderable rivers, viz. the Hackinfac and Paflaick, hetween Bergen and Newark, and the kariton by Brunfwick. PaiTaick is a v ery crooked river. It is navigable about 10 miles, and is 230 yards v ide at the ferry. *rhe cataratS:, or Great Falls, in this riv- er, is one of the greatcft natural curiofi- ties in the State. The river is about 40 yards wide, and moves in a flow, gentle current, until coming within a fhort dif- tance of a deep cleft in a rock, which croflcs the channel, it defcends and falls 9bove 70 feet perpendicularly, in one entire (heet. One end of the cleft, which was evidently made by feme violent con- ▼ulfion in nature, is clofed ; at the oth- er, the water ruflies out with incredible fwiftnefs, forming an acute angle with its former diredicn, and is received into a large bafon, whence it takes a winding courfe through the rocks, and fpreads in- to a broad fmooth (beam. The cleft is from 4 to 12 feet broad. The falling of the water occafions a cloud of vapour to arife, which, by floating amidd the fun- beams, prefents rainbows to tbe view, which adds beauty to the tremendous fcene. The new manufadluring town of Patterfon is ercdled upon the Great Falls in this river. Rariton River is formed by two confiderable dreams, called the N and S branches ; one of which has its fource in Morris, the other in Hunterdon county. It pafles by Brunfwick and Amboy, and, mingling with the waters of the Arthur Kull Sound, helps to form the fine harbour of Amboy. Bridges have lately been eredted over the Paflkick, Hackinfac and Rariton rivets, on the poll road between New York and Phila- delphia. Thefe bridges will greatly fa- cilitate the intercourfe between thefe two great cities. The counties of SuiTex, Mor- ris, and the northern part of Bergen, are mountainous. As much as five-eighths of mod of the fouthern counties, or ^ of the whole State, is almod entirely a fandy barren, unfit in many parts for cultiva- tion. All the varieties of foil, from the word to the bed kind, may be found here. The good land in the fouthern counties lies principally on the banks of rivers and creeks. The barrens produce little elfe but fhrub oaks and yellow pines. Thefe fandy lands yield an immenfe quan- tity qf bog iron ore, which is worked up to great advantage in the iron wor'u in thefe counties. In the hilly and moun- tainous parts which are not too rocky for cultivation, the foil is of a (hunger kind, and covered in its natural date with dately oaks, hickories, chefnuts, &c. and^ when cultivated, produces wheat, rye, Indian corn, buck wheat, oats, barley, flax, and fruits of all kinds common to the climate. The land in this hilly country is good for grazing, and farmers feed great numbers of cattle for N. York and Philadelphia markets. The orchards in many parts of the State equal any in the United States, and their cider is faid, and not without reafon, to be the bed in the world. The markets of New York and Philadelphia receive a very conGdcrable proportion of their fupplies from the contiguous parts of New Jerfey. Thefe fupplies confid of vegetables of many kinds, apples, pears, peaches, plums, drawberries, cherries and other fruits ; cider in large quantities, butter, cheefe, beef, pork, mutton, and the lefTer meats. The trade is carried on almod folely with and from thofe two great commercial cit- ies, N. York on one fide, and Philadel- phia on the other ; though it wants uot i'ood ports of its own. Manufa«ftiires lave hitherto been inconfiderable, not fufficient to fupply its own confump- tion, if we except the articles of iron, nails, and leather. A fpirit of indudry and improvement, particularly in nianu- fadhires, has however, of late, greatly in- creafed. The iron manufaAure is, of all others, the greatcft fource of wealth to the the State. Gloucefter, and other < the CO. of A of dreams, 1 thefe works, a copious fu fuperior qu; are no lefs t v^hich migh fupply the I into iron, th and flitting containing f trorks prodi of bar iron, quantities ol nail rods, pofed there tons of bar i of nail-rods and various quantities a are a colletft Englifh, Sco ers, and thei tachment, ai generally in people to fc in this way nCfs, cudom fervid, efpe of people, with any bt The people dudrious, fi are in this congregatibi Pred>yteries gregations ( of Epifcopal belides Met Moravians, nations live ny ; and ar< of the State, agreeably ti confcicnces. called NaOj care of a fuc for piety anc a number ol ficians, of t hH3 confider regulations, 100 dudenti ern States. hold, Trent Eiizabeth-T ark; andgr NEW NEW (the State. Iron works are er(!Aed in Gtouccfler, Burlington^ SuiTcx, Morris, and other counties. The mountains in the CO. of Morris give rife , to a number of dreams, neceflary and convenient for thefe works, and at the farii^ time fnrniih a copious fupply of wood and ore of a fuperior quality. In this county alone arc no lefs than 7 rich iron mirtes, from v^hich might be taken ore fufficicnt to fupply the United States ; and to work it into iron, there are two furnaces, i rolling and flitting mills, and about 30 forges, containing from » to 4 fires each. Thefe yfoAt produce annually about 540 tons of bar iron, 800 tons of pigs, befides large quantities of hollow ware, flieet iron, and nail rods. In the whole State it is fup- pofed there is yearly made about 1200 tons of bar iron, 1 100 do. of pigs, 80 do. of nail-rods, exclufive of hollow ware, and various other cafUngs, of which Tad quantities are made. The inhabitants are a colletflion of Low Dutch, Germans, Englifh, Scotch, Irifli, and New England- ers, and their defcendants. National at- tachment, and mutual convenience, have generally induced thefe feveral kinds of people to fettle together in a body, and in this way their peculiar national nian« ntt», cuftoms and character are ftill pre- ferv^d, efpecially antong the poorer clafs of people, who have little intercourfe with any but thofe of their own nation. The people of N. Jerfey arc generally in- duftrious, frugal and hofpitable. There are in this State about 50 Prefbyterian congregations, fubjedt to the care of 3 Prefbyteries ; befldes upwards of 40 con- gregations of Friends, 30 of Baptifts, 25 of Epifcopaltans, ii of Dutch Reformed, befldes Methodills, and a fettlement of Moravians. All thefe religious denomi- nations live together in peace and harmo- ny ; and arc allowed, by the ronditution of the State, to worfliip Almighty God agreeably to the dicElates of their own cOnfclcnccs. The college at Princeton, called Na0au Hall, has been under the care of a fucceflion of Prcfidents, eminent for piety and learning ; and has furniflied a number of Civilians, Diviufg,and Phy- ilcians, of the firfl rank in America. It hH3 confiderabic funds, is under excellent regulations, and has generally from 80 to 100 (Indents, principally from the fcuth- ern States. There are acadtmies at Free- hold, Trenton, Hackinfak, Orangcdalc, Elizabeth-Town, Burlington, and New- ark; and grammar tchouls at Springfield, Mnrridown, Bordcntown, and Amboy. There are a number of towns in this State neatly of equal fize and importance, and none that has more than 300 houfet compadlly built. Trenton in one of the largeft, and the capital of the State. The other principal towns .irc Brunfwick, Burlington, Amboy, Bordcntown, Prince- town, Elizabeth Town, Newark, and Moniftown. This State was the feat of war for feveral years, during the bloody conteft between Great Britain and Amer- ica. Her lofles both of men and proper- ty, in proportion to the population and wealth of the State, was greater than of any other of the Thirteen States. When Gen. Wafliington was retreating through the Jerfles, almoft forfaken by all others, her militia were at all times obedient to his orders, and, for a confiderabic length of time, compofcd the (Irength of his army. There is hardly a town in the State that lay in the progrefs of the Brit- ifli army, that was not rendered fignal, by fome enterprife or exploit. The ex- ports from this State in 1801, amounted to 26,227 dollars. JV fmart, and ex- bilerating. Frogs are found in the pool of Lebanon, and plants grow and flour- ifh in and acound it ; but plants will not grow within the vapour of thofe of Sara- toga, and as for fmall animals, they foon expire in it. Hence we conclude that i thTit fpiritus mineralis, which fome call ae- rial acid, or fixed air, abounds in the one, but not in theother. Yet the Lebanon pool is famous for having wrought many cures, cfpecially in rheumatilms, fliff joints, fcabby eruptions, and even in vifceral ob(lru(5tions and indigeftiotis ; all of which is very probable. If a perfon who has brought on a train of chronic complaints, by intemperance in eating and drinking, Ihould fwallow 4 or 5 tyiaits of rain or river water in a day, he would not feel fo keen an appetite for .-animal food, or third for fpitituous lupior-j. Hence fuch a courfe of water drinking will open ob- ftructions, rinfe out inipiiritica, render perfpiration free, and tims rcn\()ve that unnatural lead from the animal machine, which caufcs and keeps up its diforders. Poflibly, however, there niAy ht fomtiLing fo fubtle in thefe waters as 10 tlude thc fcrutinizing Iisiid of the chvmlfts, fincc they all allow that the analyTis of mineral waters is one amnnn ihp mnfl- dillicult things in the chyniiciil art." A fociety of Sbahts inhabit tlic S part ot the town in two fettlcnitnts, one of wiiich, is in view of the main ftagi-road, which pafles through t\\\i town. Tlitir iiianufat^urcs of various kinds arc cmiiderable, and NEW very neit and excellent. Tt is 30 Trfife^ E by S of Albany, 103 N of New York, and 6 W of Pittsfield. Neio Lebanon^ a pod totvn, Camden co. N. Carolina, 479^ miles from Wafliington. NcwlifitA towndiip inCheflcr co. Penn* fylvania, on the Brandywine. iVlfw London, a maritime county of Con> nedlicut, comprehending the S E corner of it, bordering E on Rliode Ifland, and S on Long Iflaud Sound, about 30 mile? from E to W, and 24 from N to S. It was fettled foon after the firft fettlement» were forined on ConneAicut River ; and is divided into 11 townfhips, of which New London and Notwich are the chief; It contained in 1756, 22,844. inhabitants, of whom 829 were flaves ; in i8ooy 34,888, of whom 209 were llaVc. New^-LonttonySi city, port of entry, and' pofl: town in the above county, and one of the mod confiderable commercial towns in the State. It ftands on the W fide ot the river Thames, about 3 miles from its entrance into the Sound, and is defended by Fort Trumbull and Fort Grifwold, the one on the New-London, the other on the Groton fide of the Thames. A con- fiderable part of the town was burnt by Benedidb Arnold in 1781. It has fines b:cn rebuilt. Here are two places of public worfliip, one for Epifcopalians, and one for Congregationalifts, about 300 dwelling-houfes, and 4,600 inhabitants. The harbour is large, fafe atid commodi- ous, and has 5 fathoms water ; high wa- ter at full and change, 54 minutes after 8. On the W fide of the entrance is a light- houfe, on a point of land which projcvvnniip of New-London was laid nut : 'ots in 1648, but had a few Englilliiul litants two years before. It was cjllcd by the Indian.s Kumea^^ ot Tow aiv.i^, and from being the feat of the Pe- tpiot tribe, was calltd Pequat. It was the Icat of SalUcus, the grand monarch of Long llland, and part of Connecticut and Narrag.mfct. Neu-/.'in./<'n, a fmall townlTiip in Hillf- borough CO. Ntw-Han-.plliire, incorporat- ed in 1779, ^'"' contain'. 617 inhabitants. It lies at the head of Iilack-.r.;tcr River,. and >a:d about 3 Sunapee Lai 'N Lona «o. Virgihii ground, and A court-hou here in the for repairin; lAagacfne of dnj. It is ^ mond; t^i'^ W by Mir of iVifw JVfai Louifuna, it of the Mifltl ago, ^d c^ New Jerfey, Spanifli kitt] City was pro itk lat. 36 an< the mouth < the hew cit] 4 miles S, an to crafs a b< the purcft f| and fcvcral i ifelf, by a ftream, thro The banks < ate high, t: water deet>i ftored with i free from w< bles. On ea flreets ^ete alid a road 1 the fame bi dirc^fled to health aAd { ftreet lao fe Miififippi, V were diret^i fame purpof ^art of tht I like manner, and improve city for pul lots fdr oth bf I a acres f hear that th conclude it I the vicinity rcfented as e beyond defci cbnfids of m nut, hickory one or more mod evei^ I from expcrii tj, and wit T«b.fa kE# N E W ^n^ about 3 miles from the N E ielf, by a conftant and riti^id ttarr6# (tream, through the centre of the city. The banks of tltis lake, called St. Annii, aire high, beautiful and pleafant; the water deet>, clear and fwcct, and well n°ored with fifli ; the bottom a cfeal: fand, free fVom woods, flimbs, or other vegcta> bles. On tzch fide of this delightful Take, ftreets ^ere tb be laid out, too feet wide, alid a road to ht continued round it, of the fame brelMth ; and the ftreets were diredled to be p'referved forever, for the health attd pleafure of the citiEens. A theet 1 30 feet wrde, oii the bank of the Miflifippi, was laid out; and the trees were directed to be prefcrTcd for the fime purpofe. Twelve acres, in a central part of the city^ were to be prelbrved in like manner, to be ornamented, regulated, and improved by the magiftracy of thie city for public walks ; and 40 half-acre lots fdr other public ufes ; and one lot "of 1 a acres for the king's ufc; We do not h)ear that this fchcme is profecuting, and conclude it is given up./ The country in the vicinity of this intended city is rep- refented as excellenti and, in many parts, beyond defcription. The natural growth confiils of mulberry, locuft, faflafras, wal- nut, hickory, oak, afli^ dogwood j &c. with one or more grape-vines running up al- mofl evei^ tree ; and the grapes yield, from experiments, good red wine in plen- ty, and with littli lab«ur. In fome of the low grounds grow large cyprcfs trcts. The climate is faid to he favolirabit tu health, and to the Oilturc of fruits of va- rious kinds, particularly for garden vege- tables. The pralres or meadows are fer- tile in grafs, flowetinj plants, ftrawbcr- ries, and ^vhcrt cultivatid produce good crops of whear, barley, Indian corn, flaXi hemp, and tobacco, and are eadly tilled. Iron and lead mines and fait fprings, it it averted, are found in fuch plenty as to afTurd an abundant fnpply of thcfe ne- ccflary articles. The banks of the MiiB- lippi, for many leagues in (Stent, com- mencing about ao miles above the mouth of the Ohio, are a continued cliaiu of Hmc-ftone. A fine trafl »)f high, rich, level land, S W, W, and N W of New Madrid, about 25 miles widCj extends quite to the river St. Francis. Nawmanjlown, Pennlylvania, in Dau- phin CO. on the £ fide of Mill Creek. It contains about 40 houfes, and is 14 miles £ by i^ of Hatrilburg, and 7 a N W by VT of Philadelphia. Ne^maVht, a poll town in Rockinghai* CO. N. Hampflura, N of Exeter, of which it was fortherly a part, and 13 miles W of Portfrnouth. It was incorporated iii t7a7i and contains 1037 inhabitant*. FofliI (hcllk have been found near La&i- prey river in this town, at the depth of 17 feel ; attd in fuch i iituatioa as that the bed of the river cotald never have been there. The fliells were of 'oyfters, mufcles, and clams intermvTcd. Nrwmarketj a village in Ered*rick co. Maryland, onthehigh road to Frederickf- town, from which it lies nearly 13 miles W S W and about 36 N W of the Federal City. Here is a poll office. Niwmariet, a village in Dorchefter co. Maryland; 3 miles N £ of Indian Town^ on Choptank river, 9 N £ cf Cambridge^ and as far N W of Vienna. Nezvmartet, in Shenandoa*' eo. Virgin- ia, containiiijj 100 houfes, ao miles S VT of Woodcock. The inhabitants of tliia town and Woodflock are Germans. ' Newmaritt, a pofttown in Virginia. Am- herft CO. on the N fide of James river, at the mouth of Tye river. It is a fnialt place, contains a tobacco warchoufe, and is 100 miles aboVc Richmond, and 378 from Philadelphia. N-ivmjfict, a port town, Rofs co. Ohio, 465 miles from WaHiington. Nttv Marlborough^ a townfliip ia Ulfter CO. N. York. Sec Matlbgrougb. NevMatliertugl/^ Berldhire co. MafTa- cliufctts, IJ NEW NEW chufettB, 43 mi!e> foothwatd of Lenox. ^eTv-Mai-llinrtmb, a tewo in King George's co. Virginia, on the W fide of Patowmac river, 10 mils* E nf Falmouth. NetvMeaJoivs Xiver, Maine, a water of Cafco Bay, navigable for veflels of a confiderablc burden a fmall diiUnce. Ncai'Mexico. See H^exito. Ne-vp-Milford, a pott town of Connec- ticut, Litchfield CO. on the E fide of Hou- faionick river, about iS mile» N of Dan- bury, 20 S W of Litchfield, and 52- W by S W of H irtford. The town contains about 50oh There were, in 1788, t,ioo houfes in this towny generally boilt with timber frames, railed ^bout 8 feet from the ground, with large galleries round them, and the cellars un- der the floors level with the ground } any fubterraneous buildisgs Avould be conftantly full of water. Moft of the houfes have gardens. Id March, 1788, this town, by a fire, was reduced in 5 hours to aoo houfes. It has fince been rebuilt. The houfes built fince the lad fire are principally of llrick, with Ha- ted roofs. In confequence of the foftnef* oE the bricks, the houfes built of them are plaiftered on tlie outfide with a thick coat of mortar, and then painted or white- waHicd. Thefe houfes arc generally of % ftories, (a only very handfome are of 3 (lories) and without common cellais. All the old houfes of wood, are of i' (lo- ry, raifed from the ground to make arti- — ^— ficial * "It it tmpojlble to ancbor nvithout being expofed /• danger from the grtat trees, "wbicb frequently came daxvH tvitb the cut rent j but more efpecially at tbe time of tbe foods, tvbieb, if any of tbem fhould came gtbioart baw/e, "wouU mofl probably drive in tbe bov)s oftbt vejfel ; and there is a certainty of Ufing tbe ancbars, as tbe bottom of tbe river is very/oft mud, cifoered tvitb funken li'gs. This fointr out tbe impnfflbility for vrj^els to navigate up- on tbe MiJJifippi, unUfs tbey are permitted t» make fafi to thejbore ; and no veffel can be fail to enjoy tbe free navigation of tbe river, ifde- prived of this net^'ary frMlege" Hntchins* NEW iicial cellars. A few of tl. houfes h|iTe piazLas. The public buildings are a handfome Catholic church, a Govern- ment houlie for the accoramodation of the governor and his fuite, a calabuzo or prifon, which alfo fervesag acourthoufc, m convent, barracks for the foldicrs. kinjf's hofpital, and one built for the reception of lunatics, and a very fmall, inconvenient market houfs. Real eftate is extremely valuable, and rents are iom'cthing higher than in any part of the United Stn(es. The fide next the river is open, and is I'e- cured from the inundations of the river, by a raifed bank, generally called the le- vee, which extends from the Englifli Turn, to the upper fcttlements of the Germans, a didance of more than jo miles. N £ of the town are large marflies, occafiuntd principally by a gradual del'c-ent, which IS found from the bank of the river to the back part of the town. This circum- ftance tends to render the town unwhole* feme in fummer and autumn, cfpecially to ftrangers, but the inhabitants are nev- er afflidted by the epidemic difeafes which prevail among foreigners, and live to as great ages as the inhabitants of the north- ern parts of the United States. Intempe- rance is the forerunner and principal caufe of the deaths of many of the weft- era people, who carry down the produce, and indeed a fingle debauch is often found to throw the mod robuft conftitutinn into a fever which frequentiv ends fatally; more efpecially with perAins of plethoric habits. There is a conununication from lake Ponchartrain to the town, by means of the bayouk or creek, St. John, which runs from the lake a courfe of 6 miles, till it goes within % miles of the town. A bar at the entrance of this creek pre- vents veflels of more than 3 to 4 feet draught of water from ent<'ring, but num- bers of fmall craft from Mobile, Penfa- cola, and the adjacent country, bring their tar, lime, &c. to market by means uf this communication. Frum the Bayouk to the town is a canal of about 2 miles in length, navigable- for fmall boats only, which was dug about the year 179*, by order of the llaron dc Carondcict, who wa:< then Governor, and called by his r;amc. At the mouth of tiie Bayouk, where it en- ters into the lake, is a fmall furt of 6 guns. A number of dreams which empty into the lake from the N £ fide, water a rich and fertile part of W. Florida, as yet hut thinly inhabited, capable of producing cuttoo, corn, indijgo, &c. la this part the NEW I land is Iiighcr than on the bnnlcs of the I Miilillppi, and does not require the aiHA' ance of dykes, in the year i8c2, the principal iiggrcgate exports of Amtrican bpanilh produce have been efliniaccd at, 30,000 bales cotton, value D.apoo.ooo 8,000 hhds. fugar, do. 480,000 90,000 bbls. ilbur, do. 402,000 Total, D.i,88c,ooo There were alfo exported this year of former crops, about 300,ooolb. indigo, value D,300,ooo. Confiderablc quantities of deer fkins, and fonic furs, , i'lut ,l'l- c;i- uiina, .^0 miles from the mouth o* tli'; r;v. er. Tiiis fort h garrifoncd, and tnounts a ffw guns It is cuflomary ior ilic com- mander of this fort to cxsmine thr p.ipcrs of al! vd^isls that pafs, and to t.i!:c c«i^ini- zancc of any which are found r I'-.grtf- fing ih': laws of the country. .ciUoni- houfc otiiccr isaiiu always rciiJciU at the mouth of the river, for the piirpofc <»f examining veflels. Atttr palling Fort Placamiua, the country aflumcs a more improved appearance, and wnlmi 30 or 40 miles of the town, the hanks of the river arc thickly iettied, and mi^ny very large and cxptufivc fugir works yre fecn in pal&ng up the river. Coltua is f, *1 ■ 'I i'l ■5. If I- .fr ?! m / NEW h cultivated above the town. Srcat quantities of live oak and cyprcfs trees are to be fouml in every part ol the coun- try. The vciFcls which fail up the MiiTi- fippi haul clof'c along flJc the bank next to New Orleans, to which they make faft, and t^ke in or difoharge their cargoes with the fame cafe as at a wharf. Tlfe foil on the h^ulw of the MilTiflppi, is pr(.ba!)ly as rich and produclivc M any in the knDwii world. The cotton plant, and fug If cine, p;ro\v aIn;oA without la- bour. It li^s been tlic calculation of the cotton planters, for fome year* p/tft, that each h.tnd they c«)u)d employ. Hiould produce tliem from 300 to 400 dollars annually. Some plantations have gone far beyond tiii'i. and one itjft.ince was known, that two men, by their own la- bour, in, one year produced cotton that 6)!d for 2 OGO dollars. The importation ofdavei) Iia» been for fouie years p^fi for- bidden by the Spanifh government, under- very heavy penalties ) and although fome have been introduced, (till the prnhibitisn has tended to enhance the price of them, extremely ; (fay from700 to i,%oo dollars, each.) Tha water of the river is the on- ly water that is or can be ufed ; it is very, ajireeable and wholefome, although when takea from the river, efpccially in the time of hi^h tides, it has a ye:y nyuddy and dirty appearance. It isefleemed the bed in the world for keeping at fea, and becomes clear- and limpid after fettling a few hours, although filtering ((ones are generally ufcd by thofc who can afford them. The river be^ns to rife about the id of March, and (n fall about the ifl of June. The perpendicular rife at Natches is fald to be 60 feet. "Xhe mar- ket is fupplicd with wild fowl and poul- try of every kind ; at the proper feafon« fevcral kinds of fine fifli, oyflcrs, which are pafTable, and beef, veal, pork, and mutton in abundance,as well as vegetables of every defcription. The cattle arp very fine and large, though not fat, w^ich muft be more owing to the want of attention than any otlicr caufe. The price of beef fold in the market is limited by the po- lice at one fixteenth of a dollar per pound, and other animal food in proportion. Moft of the tropical fruits grow here in great abundance. The Spanifli govern- ment at New Orleans, till its late cefTion to the U. States, included Louiliana and Florida. Thp governor of the province refided at St. AuguAinc in £a(l Florida. The goverament ^t New Orleans wag of NEW the fame kind as ia all the other Spaoifl'^ colonies, the governor being commatrder in chief of the military force, and ab- folute judge ia civil uEiir* in general, with a falary in lieu of all perqui&tes, o£ 4,000 dollars per annum. The iotendan)^ had the independent regulation ^ al( matters touching the commerce of the colony. The inhabitant)! are principally of French cxtraelion, and fpcak that Ian- guage. The officers of government a^d, the trpopji were entirely Spanifli ; thofe, with a cnnilderable number of Engliijk and AmericaWt eoD^'tutc the p.opulation, of Louifuna, and Wed Florida. The in- habitants of the pott of New Orleans, are eAimated to amount (1802) to 10 or 11,000. The number cannot be exadlly a^crtaincd^ as no, cenfut has been taken. Payne. There is realbn to believe that in a, fliort time, New Orleant will become a, great and opulent city, if we confider the advantages of its iituatioa, bi^t a few leagues from the Cea, on a noble river, ii^ a mod fertile country, under a moft de» lightful and wholefome climate, within % weeks (ail of Mexico, and (till nearer the French, Spanifli, and Britifh W, ducc of that extenlive and valuable conn- try on the Miffifippi, Ohio, and itt other, branches ; all which are much more than, fufiicient to cnfure the future wealthj^ power, and profperity of this city, efpec- iaily as it is now ia the poflefijion of th« United States. Netu Palix, a townfhip hi Ull^er co, N. York, hounded £ by Hudfon river|[ S by Marlborough and Shawangunk. It contains 3,255 inhabitants, including 308* Oaves. The compa(£k part of it is on the 9 fidci of Wall-Kill, and contains about 250 Iioufes and a Dutch church, xo miles from Shawangunk, 14 S o^ KingAon, ao S Vf of Rhinebeck, and 80 N of New York. m'tviptrty a townfliip of Noy^ Scotia, ii^ Hants CO. on the river Avon. The roa4 from Halifax runs part of the way lie- tween this townfliip and Windfor ; and has fetUements on it at certain dtflances. Nenvport, a townfliip in Chefliire co- N. Hampfliire, £ of Ciaremoat, incorporated in 1761, and contain^ ia66 iahaliitants. Neivport,9. maritime co.of Rhode Ifland, comprehending Rhode Ifland, Canonicut, Block, Prudence, and fevcral other fmaU iflands. It is divided into 7 townfliipsj, 39(1 cogtkiai X4)S4j inhabitants. I jffctviitrtj Jfrwptrt, the femi-me Idand, ftan( Ifland, 5 mil (which is 01 Tpreads wed entrance is < may anchor purity. It futiire pcrio war ports of towQ lies M a* you proct and exhibit! harbour, ant which lie w pf the town Fort Wafliin paired and fort has been tween Goat harbour. N jioufes, built inhabitaiitt. ivotfliip, 4 i tioualilts, I f kers, z for The other p houfe, and at ry. The fiti pre of the (^ appearance. ted, and a loi lead up to it pr Water Are is at) acadetn; {edlor yd tii anguages, Ei &c. A mar here in 175; widows and fociety as m far famed for and the falub remarkable f( f-ellent quality ket furnifhes No Ufs than ( produced in I accomm()dati( numerous p^( port, anid whi and H. York, are faid, by Tuiierior to ai |-ope. This t jured by the 1 trade. A cot have been lat f'Jt a year, cnc NEW Jfttvfitft, the cliief town of this ce. and the femi-metropolis of the State of Rhode Ifland, (lands on tlic S Vf end of Rhode Ifland, 5 miles frotn the fea. Its harbour, (which is one of the tinetl in the world) Spreads weftward before the town. The entrance is eafy and fafe> and a large fleet may anchor iu it and ride in perfcdt fe* purity. It is probable this may, in fomc future period, become oflp qf the man-of- war ports of the American empire. The towQ lies N and S upon a gradual afccnt as you proceed eaftward from the water, and exhibits a beautiful view from the harbour, and from the neighboMring hills which lie wef^ward upoq, the main- W pf the town is Qoat Ifland, on which is l''ort Wafliington. It has been lately re- paired and a titade^ eredted on if. The fort has been ceded to the U. States. Be- tween Goat liland and R. Ifland is the liarbsur. Newpart contains about 1,000 jkouf«s, built (hiefl; of wood> and 6,739 inhabiuati. It has xo houfes for public ivotfliip, 4 for Bapti(^, % for Congrega- tioualilts, z for Epifcopalians, i for Qh^* kers, X for Moravians, and x for Jews. The other public buildings are a ftate- houfe, ;|nd an edifice for the public libra- ry. The fituation, form and archite<5t- yre of the l^te-houf(p, give it a pleafing appearance. It ftands fufficiently eleva- ted, and a long wharf and paved parade lead up to it from the harbour. Front pr Water ftreet is a mile in length- Here is aq acndetny, under the dire(^!on of a Jedlor yd tutors, who teach the ie^nied anguages, Englifli grammar, geography, J:c. ^ marine fociety was cf^abliflicd ere in 1 7j 2, for the relief '^^ diftrefled widows and orphans, and fuch of their fociety as may need relief. This city, far famed for the beauty ot its fituation, and the falubrity of its climate, is no lefs remarkable fur the great variety and ex- cellent quality of frcfli fifli whicK the mar- ket furniihes at all feafons of the year. No Ufs than 60 diflerent kinds have been produced in tliis market. The excellent accommodations and regulations of the numerous packets, whicli belong to this i port, and which ply thence to Providcwci; and U. York, are worthy of notice. 'I'hey are faid, by European traveller^, to be fuperior to any thing of the kind in Eu- rope. Thi? town, although greatly in- jured by the late war, has a confidcrable trade. A cotton and duck manut'adory have been lately edablifhcd. The exports t'Jt a year, ending Hept. jo, 1794, amountr NEW ed t« s 1 1,100 dpllars. It was ffrft fettle^ by Mr. William Coddington, afterwards governor, and the father pf Rhode Illand, with 17 others, in 1639. It is 30 miles S by E of Providence, 14 S E of Briftol, 75 S W by S ot Bofton, 113 E N E of New Haven, and 292 N £ by £ of Philadelphia. N lat. 41 2% W long, from Greeawicn, 74 17- NtiDport, a tnwnfhip in L. Canada, as miles £ of Afcot, having about 30 in- habitants. Nnvport, a fmall port town in Ntwcaf- tle CO. I7elaware ; on the N fide of Chrif- tiana Creek, 3 miles W of Wilmington. It contains about aoo inhabitants, and carries on a confidcrable trade with Phil- adelphia, in flour. It is 6 niiles N £ by N of Chriflia^a Bridge, and 3^ S Wof Philadelphia. Newport, a townfliip in Luzerne co. Penofylvania, on the t> E fide of the £ brancn of ^h^ Sufqi^ehannahjbclow Wilkf- borough. Ntviport, a fmall pod town in Charles CO. Maryland, 1 1 miles S £ of Port To- bacco, 94 S by W of Baltimore, and 195 S W of Philadelphia. Ntwport. See 7/!c af Wight County, Vir- ginia. Ntvfort, a very thriving fettlement in Liberty co. Georgia, fituated on a navi- gable creek, 34 miles S of Savannah, and 7 or 8 S of W from Sunbury. This place, commonly known by the name of New port BriJgt, is the rival of Sunbury, and commands the principal partt>f the trade of the whole county. A pod office is kept here. Nnvftrt, Cocke co. Tcnneflce. Here is a poll office, 529 miles from Wafhin^ ton. Nitv River- See Kanbanawa. Neiv River, in U. Canada, afterwards c.illed the La Tranche, now the Thames, by proclamation of July, 1792. fmytb. Ntiv Roihellr, a poft town in W. Chef- ter CO. N. York, on L749, and contains 450 inhab- itants. Newtown, a port town in Fairfield CO. Connediicut, 9 miles £ N £ of Danbury, a6 W N W of N. Haven, 61 S W of Hart- ford, 80 N E of New York. The town , Aands picaiaiitiy on an elevated fpot, and was fettled in 1708. Newtoivn, on Statcn IHand, N. York, is 3 miles N E of Old Town, as far E of Richmond, and 9 I'outhwcdcrly of New York. Newtoivn, a townfliip in Qnetn's co. N. York, includes all the lilands in the found Oppiilitc the fame. It is about 8 miles E of New York, and contains a,3ia inhab- itants, including 51* flavcs. Newto7vn, a townHiip in Weft Chefter CO. New York ; of whofc inhabitants 276 are ele«5tors, Newtown, a pofl town in Tioga co. N. York, lies between the S end of Seneca Lake and Tioga river ; having Chemung townfliip £,from which it w^ig taken, and incorporated in 179a. It has 1333 in- habitauts. Newtown, a townfliip in Gloucefler co. New Jericy. Newtown, a poft town and the feat of juftice in Suflex co. N. Jerfey, it about 10 miles S £ of Sandyflon. It contains a large Prefliytcrian church, a ftone court- houfe and jail. In the town is a furnace and 4 forges for the manufa<£lurc of iron, a remarkable caTe,called the Devil's Hole, and feveral ponds covering from 5 to 100 acres. It is 108 miles N by £ of Phila- delphia. Newtown, a pod town and the capital of Bucks CO. Pennfylvania. It contains a Prcfl>yterian church, a flone gaol, a court houfe, aa academy, and about 40 houfcs. It was fettled in 1725, and is 10 miles W of Trenton, in N. Jerfcv, and 24 N £ by N of Philadelphia. There are two other townfliips of this name, the one in Dela- ware county, the other in that of Cum* berland, having 1427 inhabitants. Newtown, a fmall town of Virginia, fit- uated in Frederick co. between the N and S branches of Shenandoah river ; 7 miles S of Wincbefler, and 173 N N W of Rich- mond. New Utreelt, a fmall maritime town of N. York, in King's co. Long Ifland, oppo- fite the Narrows, and 7 miles S of New York city, containing 7 78 inhabitants. Ntw Vineyard, a town in Kennebeck CO. Maine, W of Kennebeck river, be- tween Anfon and Strong, 40 miles N W of Augufla. New H'inJfir, a townfliip of Orange co. N. York, pleafantly (ituated on the weft bank of Hudfon river, juftabovft the high lands, 3 miles S of Newburgh,^nd 6 N of Weft Point. It contains aooi inhab- itants. A valuable fet of works in this town for manufadluring fcythes were dc- ftroycd by fire. In 1795, the legiflature granted the unfortunate proprietor, Mr. Boyd, jCi5<3° t" enable him to re-eftablifli tht:m. The compadt part of the town contains about 40 houfes and a Prefl>ytc- rian church, 64 miles N of N. York. The fummer refidencc of Gov. Clinton was formerly at a rural feat, on the margin of the river, at this place. New Tear's Harbour, on the N coaft of Staten Land Ifland, at the S extremity of Sj. America, aflfords wood and good water ; was difcovered Jan. i, 1775 ; hence its name. S lat. 54 49, W long. 64 1 1. New Tear's JJlandt, near the above har- bour, within which is anchorage at N half W from the harbour, at the diflance of a leagues from it. NiW ITew fori, America, ia and 45 N, an 80 W ; is ab 300 in brea( by the Atlac cut, Mafl^achi V. Canada; nia, R Jerfej vided into 31 York, Richmi Qjieen's, Kinj Columbia, R( ton,Saratoga, kemer,Onond CTtuben, Onci^ land, Delawa ric.andGcnm arc divided in Freeholders to Bo. to the valu Do. who rent t Other frcehoU( The numbei of whom io,6 rivers are Hu branches. Th quehannah, til cipal lakes are Seneca, Cayugi The principal fpreads to the of N. York. 1 ftimufated by I Pennfylvaniani the trade of lately granted improving tho moft fettled pa ening fuch as 1 northern parts as pofllhic the ( river, and the interior counti ble diflances. poft roads a fal •pened betwee parts of this St m the Union : between Hudft rio are remove deal to do to c( nication by tl»< river to the Mi generally, ig mountains ext« dire fubdi- vidcd into 31 countie* as follow*, viz. Ni York, Richmond, Suffolk, Wc(l Chcfter, Queen'*, King'*, Orange, Ulfter, Dutcticf*, Columbia, Rcnflelaer, Wafliington, Clin- ton, Saratoga, Albany, Montgomery, Her- kemer, Onondago, Otfego, Ontario, Tioga, Stubcn, Oneida, Chenango, Eflex, Rock- land, Delaware, Green, Cayuga, Schoha- rie, and CenneHce. £Ie(Sor* in thit State are divided into the following clafles : Freeholders to the value of ;(iao • - StSiJ^S Do. to the value of^£0, and under /'lOO 4,n38 ' Do. who rent tenement* of 40/. pit aun.Z2,598 Other freehoUen . • . . ^43 Total in 1790, e lakes and through Illinois l river to the Miffifippi. N. York, to fpeak | generally, is interfered by ridges of mountains extending in a N £ and S W dircdlion. Beyond the Alleghany Moun- tains, however, the country is level, of a fine rich foil, covered in it* natural (late with maple, beech, birch, cherry, focutf, hickory, and fome mulberry tree*. On the bank* of Lake Erie are a few chefnut and oak ridges. Hemlock fwamp* are interfperfcd thinly through the country. All the creeks that empty into Lake Erie have falls, which aflord many cxcrllenC mill-feats. The hinds between the Sene- ca and Cayuga Laket, are reprcfcnted atf uncommonly excellent, being moll agree- ably diverfificd with gentle rifings, and timbered with lofty trees, with little un« derwood. The legillature have granted a million and a hi;lf acres of land, as a gratuity to the oftlccrs and foldiers cf the line of this State. This tradt forms the military townfhips of the co. of Ononda- ga See Miiilary TonvKjlipt, and OHondw go. E of the Alleghany Mountains^ which commence with the Kaat's Kill, on the W fide of Hudfon's river, the country is broken into hills with rich intervening vallies. The hills are clothed thick witb timber, and when cleared, afTord fine paf- ture ; the vallies, when cultivated, pro- duce wheat, hemp, flax, peas, grafs, oats, Indian corn, &c. Of the commodities produced from culture, wheat is the prin- cipal. Indian corn and peas are likewife raifed fot* exportation ; and rye, oitt^ barley, &c. for home confumption. The bed lands in the State, along Mohawk river and N of it and W of the Alleghany Mountains, but a few years ago was moft- ly in a (late of nature, but has been of late rapidly I'eiiling. In the northern and unfettled parts of the State are plenty of moofe, deer, bears, feme beavers, martins, and mod other inhabitants of the forcft, except wolves. The Balldown, Saratoga, and New Lebanon medicinal fprings are much celebrated : thcfe are noticed un- der their refpcdlivc heads. The fait made from the Salt Springs here is equal in good- nefs to that imported from Turk's llland. The weight of a bnfliel of the fait is 136 lb. [uce ij/wc] A fpring is reported to have been diftovercd in the Sufquehan- nah country, impregnated with nitre,from which faltpctre is made in the fame man- ner that common fait is made front the Onondago fprings. Large quantities of iron ore are found here. A filvcr mine has been worked at Phillipfburg, which produced virgin filver. Lead is found in Herkcmer co. and fulphur ia Montgomery. Spar, zinc or fpeltcr, a femi-metal, magnez, ufed in glazings, py- rites of a golden hue, various kinds of cop- f 1 ('! I i P« ore, and lead and coal Ktie mines, are fouu4 found iu thit State, alfo petrified wood, plainer of Paris, ifing-glarsi in flieeti, talci, aii^ cryftdit of variuiitkindit and colours, tlint, afbetloB, and i'everal other folCls. A fmall black, (tone has alfo been found, which vitrifies with a fmall heat; and it is faid makes excellent glaH. The chief nianufa(f^ures are iron, glafi; paper, pot and pearl aflies, earthen ware, maple fu- gar and molaflcs ; and the citizens in gen- eral manufa«Sture their own clothing. This State, Jiaving a (liort and eafjr accefs ib the ocean 4 commands the trade of a creat pt-oportiob of the bef^ fettled and bed cultivated parts of the United States. Their ex|M}rts t« (he Weft Indies are; bif- tuit, peas, Indian corn; appilet, onions, boards, flave.s, iiorfes, llieep,butter,checfc, pickled oy^crs, beef and pork. Bbt v'heat is the Haple commodity of the State, of which no lefs than 677,700 bufh- cIs were exported fo long ago as the year 1775, befidcs itSSS ^ons of bread, and 3,818 tuns of flour. The increafe fince has been ia proportion to the increafe of the population. In wheat and floiir above a Tnillionbiimeis are now annually ezpiorted. W. India goods are received in return for the above articles. Befides the articles al- ready enumerated^ are exported flax-feed, cotton wool, farfaparilla, coffee, indigo, rice, pig-iron, bar-iron, pot-alh, {xatl-afli, furs, deer-fkins, logwood, fudic, mafioga- fty, bees-wax, oil^ Madeira wine, rum, tar, pitch, turpentine, whale fins, fifli, fu- gars, molafies, fait, tobacco, lard, &c. but mod of thefe articles are imported for re- exportation. The e-tports to foreign parts, for the year ending Sept. 30, J791, 179*. &c. confiding principally of the articles above enumerated, amounted as follows ; in 1791, to 3,505465 dolls. 10 centi,; J793— 4,535,790 dolls. 35 cents ; 1793— 2,932,370 dolls.; 1794— 5.44^.1 83 dolls. 10 cents; 1795 — 10,304,580 dolls. 78 cents; 1801 — 13,791,476 dollars. This State owned in 1793, 46,636 tons of fliip- [>ing, beiides which ftic finds employment tor about 40,000 tons of foreign vefl'els. There are in this State, two handfomely endowed and flourifliing colleges, \\t. Co- hin\bia, formerly King's College, in the City of N. Vork, and Union College, at ."^fii'jiitJlady. See New Tori Citj/ and S.LtneiJa'Jy. Befidcs thcfc, there arc dif- pctfed in dilTerent parts of the State, 14 i^icorporated Academics, containing in fin- whole, as many as 6 or 700 dudcnts. 'i'hele, with the eftablifliment of fchools, I at lead in eVery didri^St of 4 fc^uarc NEW mues, for the common branches of add- cation, mud have the mod beneficial cf- feAs on the date of fociety. The fumi graiited by the Icgiflature of this State for the encouragement of literature fiace the year i7;|o, ha vie heea very liberal and ia evincive of the wifed policv, In March, I796,the legidatur^ grahted tb the regent* of the Univerfity, who havie by \nf the fu- pcriptendaiice and nianagetneiti of the lit- erature of the8tate,reveral large abd valu- able tradts of land, on the waleri of Lake* George and Chartiplaiti, and alfo ISovcr- nor's Ifland in the harbour of New York, with intent that the rents and income thereof fliould be by theth applied to the advancemfcat of literature. At the fame tinie ther Ranted them ;£i,bbo curreticr, for the lame general purpbfe. In April, 1794, they ordered to be paid to the re- genti, ^t,Soo for enlarging the library, j^soo for A cheihical apparatus, £i,aoa for ereiSling a wall to fupport the College grounds, and £5fiOO for ere ctratcri nimoft to the city hall. This ftrect is low, but plLal'aiit. But the moft conveni- ent and agreeable part iif the lity is the Broadway. It begins at a point which it foimed I)y the jundtion of the Hudfon and Eaft Rivers^occupies the height of land betwtcn them, upon a true meridional line — rifcs gently to the northward-^is near- ly 70 feet wide — adorned, where the fort ftood, (which has lately been level- led) with an elegant btick edifice, for the aerommodation of the governor of the State,and a public walk fromthc extremity ofthe point, occupying the ground of the lower battery which is now dcmolifhcd ; alfo with two £pifcopal churches and a number of elegant private buildings. It terminates, to the northward, in a trian- gular area, fronting the btideweU and ahns-houfe, and commands from any point, a view of the Bay and Narrows. Since the year 1788, that part of the city, which was buried in ruins duringthe war, has been rapidly rebuilding, the ftreett widened, ftraightened, raifed in the mid- dle under an angle fuflicieut to carry oiF the water to the fide gutters, and foot- ways of brick made on each fide. At this time the part th^t was dcftroyed by lire is all covered with elegant brick hou- fcs. Wall ftreet is generally 50 feet wide and elevated, and the buildings elegant. Hanover fcjuare- and Dock ftreet arc con- vcniet.tly fituatcd for bufincfs, and the houfe!) well built. W.'ii.im ftrect is alfo elevated and eoiwcnient, and is the prin- cipal nurkft for letailiiig dry goods. Many of the other fttects are picafant, but n'loft of them are irrcguhr and nar- row. The hoiifcs are generally built of brick, and the roofs tiled. Thtf are re- maining a few houlcs built after the old Dutch manner; but the F.nglilhtafte hat prevailed aiinoft a century. The moft mignificcnt edifice in the city is Fiderat Hiitl. fituatcd at the head of Broad ftreet, where its front appears to great advan- t er for the college, fhali be daily ufed» morning and evening, in the college chap- el ; at the fame time, no teft of their re- ligious nerfuafion was required from any of the fellows, profeflbri or tutors; and the advantages of education were equally extended to (hidents of all denominationt. The building (which is only ^ of the in- tended ftru(Sure) confifb of an elegant (lone edifice, 3 complete (lories high,.witlv 4 (lair-cafes, %z apartments in each, a chapel, hall, library, mnfeum,.anatomieal theatre, and a fchool for experimental phi- lofophy. The college is fituated 6n a dry gravelly foil, about 150 yards from the bank of Hudfon's River, which it over- looks, commanding a mod extenfive and beautiful profpedl. Since the revolution, the Icgiflature pafTed an adt condituting 21 gentlemen (ofwhom the governor and lieutenant-governor, for the time being, are members eic nffitns) a body corporate and politic, by the name and dyle of "The Regents of the Univerfity of the State of New YorL" They arc cntruftcd with the NEW NEW the cue of IIter«turc in |eiieral In the Stale, And have powrr to grant i hartrm of incorporation for cteOtini; collcgei arid academic* thi xighout tlu if/tte, are to vifit ihcfe inttitution* a* often an they (hall think proper, and report their ftate to the iegillature once a year. King's C*Dlltfge, which we have already dcfcribed, it now called Columbia Ceihjre. 'i'hii col- lege, by an »£k of the icgillatiire, palled In the fpring of 1787, was put under the care of 34 gentlemen, who arc a body corporate, by the name and ftyle of " Tlic Truftccs of Columbia College in the city of New York." This body po fine flour of thofe States commanding a higher price than that of N.York ; not that the quality of the grain is worfe, but be- caufe greater attention is paid in thofe States tothcinfpeiftion and manufadture of that article. In the manufa<5lure likewife of iron, paper, cabinet works, &c.Pcnnfyl- vania exceeds not only N. York, but all ' her fider States. In times of peace, how- ever, N. York will command more ciMn- mercial bufinefs than any town in the U. States. In time of war it will be infecure, without a marine force ; but a fmall num- ber of fliip* will be able to defend it from liNr ' ; I NEW N I A the mod formidable attacks by fea. A want of good water has been a great in- convenience to the citizens ; there being few wel!8 in the city. Mofl of the peo- ple were till lately fupplied every clay with frefh vvater, conveyed to their doins in Ciifks, from a ptiinp near the head of Qneeii ftrect, which receives it from a fpring ahuofl a mile from the centre of the city. Tliis well is a!>out ao feet deep, and i tcct diameter. The average quan- tity drawn daily from this remarkable well, was 1 lo ho;;flieads of 130 gallons ea>.h. In fonie hot fummcr days ai6 hogilieails have been drawn from it ; and what Is very fnigular, there is never more or Icii than about 3 feet water in the Well. The v> .ic-r was fold commonly at 3 pence a hogihcad at the pump. The Manhattan Company now fupply or have agreed to fupply the citizens with wa- ter by pipes. On a general view of this city, as defcribed 40 years ago, and in its prefent (late, the comparifon is flattering to the prefent a^e ; particularly the im- provements in tafle, elegance of manacrs, and that eafy iinatrcin:ed civility and po- litcnefs which form the happinefs of fo- cial intercourfe. The number of inhab- itanU in the city and county of N. York in 1756, was io,88t; 1771,31,863; 1786, 43,614; 1790, 33»»3i5 »8oo, 60,489 There is no bafon for the reception of ■vcfleU, but the road where they lie in Eaft River, which is protc<5lcd from the violence of the fea by the circumjacent iflands. The great rapidity of the tides in the n^irrow channels between Long Ifl- and and York Ifland, and between Long iHand and Staten Idand, increafcd by the water of Hudfon jrnd Eafl rivers, prefer ve« the clianntl from being obftrutfled by ice; fo that navigation is always open, except a few diiys when the weather is uncom- tnonly Ct vere. The entries from foreign ports only into tliis port in 1795 were 94T, viz. (hips, r78 — brig«,309 — barq;ies, g — rno\vs,7 — fthooucrs, i63-^floops, 170. "Works of defence liave br^n crcifted liere to a confidcralile extent, and when com- pleted on the original plan, will alTord great fecurity to the city, from enemies' fliips. N York city is 95 miles N E of Philadelphia, 117 H \V of Hartford, 197 NEof Baltimore, 252 r^ VV of liofton, 375 from Portland, in Mainf, 373 from Richmond, 6io from Fayctteviltc, 913 from Charlcflown.r'.nd 1,020 from .Savan- nah. N lat. 40 4* 8, W long. 74 9 45. iVirw J'ori, an Indian town of the Creek nation, on Tallapoore river, m Georgia *, and fo named by Col. Ray, » N. York BritiQi loyalift. New Tori IJland, on which the city of that name (lands, is about 15 miles long, and docs not exceed two in any part in breadth. It is joined to the main land by a bridge, called King's Bridge, xj miici N of N. York city. Neiv Yuri, Albemarle co. Virginia. Here is a pofl; office, 167 miles from Wafliiiigton, N-ybe, or Nelva, a fertile plain on the S fide of the idand of St.Domingo ; bound- ed E by the bay and river of its name, on the W by the tivcr of Dames, and the Pond of Henriquelle. It contains about 80 fquare leagues, abounds with game, and is a chofen fpot for ilamingoes, pheaf- ants, and royal or crowned peacocks. Thefe lafl have a more delicate flavour and more brilliant plumage than the pea- cocks of Etuopc. Nine leagues front th«! W hank of the Neybe is the town, con-< taining about 'ioo houfes, and, can turn out 300 men fit to bear arms. This town is 15 leagues W by N of Azua, and x6 from the point where the line of demarca- tion cuts Brackifh, Pond. This territory produces a fort of plaifler, talc, and folul fait. The natural re-produdlioa of the fall is fo rapid, that a pretty large hollow is ab- folutely filled up again in the courfe of a year. The river might be rendered navi- gable for fmall craft, and the jjlain is able, to afford eligible fituations for ijo fugar plantations. Nii'gara River and Fall'. Niagara River connedls the N E end of L. Erie with L. Ontario, and is about 30 miles in lengthy from Fort Erie to Niagara Fort, and forms a part of the boundary between the U*. States and U. Canada. It receives Chippe- way or Welland River from the W, and Toncwanto Creek from the E, and cm- hofoms Great and Navy Iflands. Fort .Sludier (lands on the E fide of this river, near Navy Ifland. The Falls in this riv- er, are oppofite Fort Sluflier, about 7 or 3 miles S of L. Ontario, and form thi: [;rcateft ciuiofity which this or any other country affords. In order to have a tol- erable idea of this (lupendous fall of wa- ter, it will be nccciTary to conceive that parr of the country in which Lake Erie is fituatcd to be elevated above that which contains Lake Ontario about 300 feet ; the (lope which fcparates the upper und lower country is generally very (ieep, and in many places aUnod perpendicular : it is forme great part Hope may Ontario, ni the W end redkion is tario and 1 Niagara ai which it b< wards Sen the countr araifl of N Genneffee. have fuppo em fide of and that fr the quantit which it f away for ai Erie,* and perfon car Down this c mofl adonif makes the is conftanti; tion of the i peA imagir the falls, tl arreted, an< lence. The at the falls, this vad boe that is frequ ao miles, am 40, and cvei tremulous n fevcral rods fog is conda in which rai when the fu in the winte bouring tret duces a mofl ance : this 1 the Falls of that the wat the chafm; the cataiaiSl fay only 13 which the ' immediately 273, which of fiji miles. Rapids abov flantly hurri • Gen. Lit thrfe falls in \ rrtation of the t» b* ff» gouJj I» N I A it it formed by horizontal Arataofftone, great part of which is lime-ftone. The flopc may be traced by the N fid« of L, Ontario, near the bay of Torento, round the W end of the Lake ; thence the di- rcdtion is generally £. between L. On- tario and L. Erie it croiTes the (Irait of Niagara and the Gennefl'ee River ; after which it becomes loft in the country to- vardn Seneca Lake. It is to this flopie the country is indebted both for the Cat- araifl of Niagara and the great Falls of Genneflce. The Catara«St of Niagara, fome have fuppofcd, was formerly at the north- ern fide of the (lope near the landing ; and that from the great length of time, the quantity of water, and the diftance which it falls, the folid (lone is worn away for about 7 miles up towards Lake Erie,* and a chafm is formed which no perfon can approach without terror. Down this chafm the water rulhcs with a mod adoniChing noife and velocity, after it makes the great pitch. Here the fancy is confbintly engaged in the contempla- tion of the mod romantic and awful prof- pedk imaginable ; when the eye catches the falls, the contemplation is indantly arrefted, and the beholder admires in fi- lence. The river is about 74% yards wide at the falls. The perpendicular pitch of this vaft body of water produces a found that is frequently heard at the diftanceof aomilc«, and in a clear day and fair wind, 40, and even 50 miles. A perceptible, tremulous motion in the earth is felt for feveral rods round. A hcav)' cloud or fog is conQantiy afcending trcni the falls, in which rainbows may always be feen when the fun (hincs. This fog or fpray, in the winter fcafon, falls upon the neigh- bouring trees, where it congeals, and pro- duces a mod beautiful cryftaline appear- ance : this remark is applicable alio to the Falls of Genntflee. It is conjcdlured that the warer niuft fall at leaft 65 feet in the chal'm; the perpendicular pitch at the cataradl is 150 feet ; other account<< fay only 137 feet : to thcfe add 58 fctt, which the water falls the laft half mile imiTicdiately above the falls, and we h.ive 27,^, \vhich the water falls in the di'taiice of y-^ mites. Animals fwimniing near the Rapids above the Great Cataracl arc iu- flantly hurried to dcftrudtiou. Jufl bc- * Gen. Lincohf tvbo vi/ifej ami examined thrfe falls in iy^^,fays, *• On a careful txam- Jnatian of the ianh of tie river, tbire appeari /• bt ttf fjouii found^iion f«r ihii ofinitn" N r e low the Great Pitch, the water «nd fo»« may be fcen puiTed up in large fpherical figures ; they burft at the top, and pruj.CL't a column of the Ipray to a prodigimis height, and then fuhlidc, and are fuccccd- cd by others \yhich burfl in liice manner. This appearance is moll rtmArkable about half way between the ill.itid that divides the falls and the weft lidc of tlit ftrait, where the largeft column ol water dc- fcends. The defcent into the cliatin of this (lupendous cataradl is very difficult, on account of the great height ct liie banks; but when once a perfon has de- fcended, he may go up to the foot of the Falls, and take ihelter beliind the L. Ontario, and oppofite to Newark, in Can- ada. Niagara Fort is a moft important pofl, and fecures a greater number of communications, through a large country, than probably any other pafs in interior America. It is about 9 miles bcldw ti;c catarac'l, 80 N W of Wiilianifourg ou Gennellee River, .•jyo N \V of Philadel- phia, and sSo W by N of Bofton. N. lat. 43 20, W long. 79. The fort \vi» built by the Frc.".ch about the ye?.i 1725, and was dclivi.;cil up to the U, State,<, according to the treaty of 1794, by the Britifli, in I7y6. Although it is a degrctf N of ]3o(lf7i, yet the feafon h quite .»» mild Jicre as at th,n town, and vcgetatiim quite as CKrIy and forward. It is thoi.n>}u that the ctimHtc meliorates in the fan.^j latitude as one proceeds from the Atlan- tic wcftw.ird. X:ui>.irn, LitlU; or Fort Fluilicr, nbovc the (ircHt Falls, on the F. (idc oi N-.aj'.ii.i River, oppoiite 10 the mouth of the river Wclland. S/nyib. NicarL'gna, a lake in the province of New Spain, i j 7 leagues in circumference. Its wcflern part is not more tlun aomilu from the S W coaft of Mexico. It fend* its waters E to the ocean, by a fpacious river of its name, which divides the prov- ince f; 1 1 '' 14' m Mil \i NIC NI G inee of Nicaragua from Coda Rica This renders the towns on the banks of the lake of coniiderable importance, particu- larly the cities of Granada, Leon, and Nicaragua. The firft is on the S fide in lat. IX 8 N, and lon^. 85 xx W, and is 45 niles weftvvard of the city of Nicaragua, that (Vands at fome difbince S from the lake. Leon is at the W end of the lake, and in lat. la N, and long. 87 W. The lake is interfperfcd with feveral idands, and full of fifh, but infcfted with alliga- tors. Nicaragua River empties into the tet, oppoGtc to the iflaUd of Monglares, N lat. II 40, W long. 82-47. Nitat agua, a maritime province of Mex- ico, having Honduras on the N, the North Sea on the E, Cofta Rieo on the S E, and the South Sea on the S W. It is about 400 miles long, and X20 broad. I'he air is wholefome and temperate, and the foil fertile, producing quantities of fugar, cochineal, and fine chocolate. This is conGdered as the garden of America ; be- ing fo pleafant and fruitful, that when the Spaniards firft vi&ted it, they called it Mahomet's Paradife. Nicbolat, a county of Kentucky, con- laining 0,863 inhabitants. Nieiota/vilU, the county town of the sboTi CO. iz miles S E of Lexington. It lias a court houfe and a few dwelling lioufes. NieMat, Ca/te St. the N ^ extrtmity of the ifland of St. Domingo, in the W, In- dies. It is 2 leagues W of the town of its name, more commonly called The Mole, 46 leagues N £ by N of Cape Dame Marie, and, with this cape, forms the en- trance into the large bay called the Bite or Bight of Leogane. See Tie Mole, NicMis, Fort St. on the coaft of Peru, lies 6 leagues S S £ of Port Cavallo. It is fafer than St. John's harbour, but af- fords neither wood nor water. Nitbols' Stream, in the fame town- fhip (No. 4) with Great IVoris, enters Pc- nobfcot River oppolite Marfli's Ifland, about 6 miles below the Great Falls, and 6 above the head of the tide. It has large iraAs of valuahle meadow and in- terval land, and may derive great advan- tages from its mill-feats. JMiclifiici, an Indian town on the S E fide of 'renncflee River, At the point of a large bend, alMut 36 miles N £ of the Creek's Crulling Place. Half way bt- twccn thefc lie* the Crow Town, on the fame iide of the river. Nicker, one of the fmall Virgin Iflands, fituated between Anegada aad Virgfia Gorda,on the latter of which it is depend- ent. N lat. t8 30, W long. 65 5. Nicola, or Nicola Town Gut, on the N E coaft of the ifland of St. Chriftopher's. Nicoltt Ri^ir, in L. Canada, a fouthem water of St. Lawrence, running parallel with, and a few mil^ only E of St. Fran- cis River. Its banks are good land, and fettling faft by emigrattts from New Eng- land. See SbiptoH, Nieoja, of St. Lueatr, a town of Cofta Rico, in the kingdom of Mexico, North America, having a harbour on a bay of the N. Pacific Ocean, in lat. 10 aoN, and long. 88 ro W. About f o leagues diftant is the bay of Salinas, from whence the inhabitants of this place procure and fend to Panama thyurpic ]\iitt of a fhell-fiOi found in it, R&des fait, honey, maize, fowls and wheat ; and here is alfo a pearl fifhery. The town is inland, but fhips rfde in the river CipaBdos % leagues td the N W from the ifland of Chira, to take in goods front it; which river is navigable f6r large periaguas that bring down the ^ods to the fliips. The ifland of Chira affords plenty of freflt water and provifions. NiSiau, a river of No7a Scotia, which waters the townfliip of Annapolis ; on it* banks are quantities of bog and mountain ore, where a bloomery has been credted. NicMifa, Gulf of, is on the E coaft of the eountry of Honduras, on the Spanifli Main, having Cape Oracias-a-Dios for ita N limit, and Cape Blanco, on the S; Catherine, or Providence, is due £ from it. Niebe, or Nejbe, a bay and river on the S coaft of the ifland of St. Domingo. The bay is in N lat. 18 3, W long. 73 46. Nitva IJland, lies S W of Mi(»"ke Bay, and on the N £ fide of Hudfor 's i^'traits. Nirua Terra, near the E enc* of Hud- fou's Straits, in N. America, ir lat. 6a 4 N, and long. 67 7 W, and has high water on the fpring tide days at 50 min. paft 9 o'clock. Niganicbe, an ifland on the coaft of Cape Breton, in the S part of the Gulf of Sc, Lawrence. Nigua, a riyer on the S fide of the ifl- and of St. Domingo. The rivers Nigua and Jayna are not very far apart ; but as they advance from their fprings, they recede from each other, the former run- ning weftward from the latter. Between them lies an extenfive and fertile plain. The (^uaatity of f - gold that was dug from from ita ea and other greater ami all the Spai er. Thefe ed navigabi of Nigua < partly free Ninety Si upper coui Laurens, a] fee. It con inhabitants, fenators to former and and I mem confiderabh portatioo. it was form is 60 miles W of Char Georgia, an May, 1781 fieged by G fended by Col. Cruger, Nipegon, into L. Sup< a tribe of 1 near a lake about half m Albany Riv gon is a bm enters the h from the to| It is very na garter fufpe Nipiftgbit of Chaleur of this nam by a broad, ^ipiJPtng 1 connecSted w Nipijfms. head waters riors, 300. Nifao, a r of the ifland to the fea o Nigua Rivei Nifqueunia on the Moh and Schenet^ of the focict Nittany A between the «f Sufquehai Nivernois, Lake Ontari NixoiUon, NIX from its eavitiei, its fugar, cocoa, indigo, and other plantation;, paid duties to a greater amount thaa thofe now paid by all the Spanifli part of the ifland togeth> er. Thefe rivers might be eafily render- ed navigable. The parifh and fmall town of Nigua contain about 2,500 petfons, partly free people of colour. Ninety Six, formerly a diAriA of the upper country of Edgefield, Abbeville, Laurens, and Newbury didriifts ; which fee. It contained, in 1790, 33,674 white inhabitants, fent i a reprefentatives and 4 fenators to tht State legiflature, 3 of the former and i of the latter for each co. and I member to Congrefs. It produces confiderablc quantities of tobacco for ex- portation. Chief town Cambridge, or as it was formerly called, Ninety Six, which is 60 miles W by N of Columbia, 147 N W of Charlefton, 49 N of Augufta in Georgia, and 762 from Philadelphia. In May, 17 81, this to.wn was clofely be- fieged by Gen. Greene, and bravely de- fended by the Britifli, commanded by Col. Cruger. See South Carelina. Nipegon, a large river which empties into L. Superior, from the N. It leads to a tribe of the Chippewas, who inhabit Bear a lake of the fame name, which lies about half way between L. Superior and Albany River. Not far from the Nipe- gon is a fmall river, which, juft before it enters the lake, has a perpendicular fall, from the top of a mountain of 600 feet. It is very narrow, appears like a white garter fufpended in the air. Nipifigbit Bay. A fouthern projedlion of Chaleur Bay is fo called. The river of this name falls into it frohi the S W, by a broad, bay like mouth. Nipijftng Lake is N £ of L. Huron, and connected with it by French River. Nipijpns. Indians inhabiting near the head waters of the Ottawas river. War- riors, 300. Nifao, a river which rifes in the centre of the ifland of St. Domingo, and falls in- to the fea on the S lide, 7 leagues W of Nigua River. Nifqueunia, or Nefligiuna, a fettlcment on the Mohawk River, between Albany and Schene«Stady. It is the principal feat of the focicty called Shatert. Nittany Mountain, in Pcnnfylvania, is between the Juniatta and the W branch «f Sufquehannah River. Nivernois, a large bay at the £ end of Lake Ontario. JfixontcH, a pnft town of N. Carolina, N O M and capital of Pafquotank co. ; lies Ott si northern water of Albemarle Sound, and contains a court-houfc, gaol, and a few dwelling houfes. It is 28 miles N £ of Edenton, and 468 S W of Philadelphia. Nobleborovgb, a townfliip in Lincoln co. Maine, incorporated in 1788, and con- tains 804 inhabitants. It is 10 miles S £ of New Caftle, and 19% N £ of Bof> ton. Nobleborough, a town in Herkcmcr co. N. York, on. the head waters of Canada Creek. Nobfquttjfit, or Nolfcvffet, the N E part of Yarmouth, in Barnftable co. Mafiachu- fetts, where are 23 fait works, which make nearly 500 bufliels of marine fait yearly, worth 75 cents abufhel. Nociamixen, a townfliip in Buck's co. Pcnnfylvania, has 846 inhabitants. Noddle I IJIand, a fmall, pleafant and fer- tile ifland in Bofton harbour, Maflachuo fetts. It is about 2 miles E N £ of the town, on the Chelfea fliore. It is occa> pied as a farm, and yields large quantltier of excellent hay. Nodway, a river, or rather a long bay which communicates with James' Bay, at the S £ extremity of Rupert's River. Nogales. See fTalnut Hilli. Noir, or Black River, in Louifiana, mnt fouthward, and joins Rogue or Red river ; which fee. Nair, Cape, on the S W coaft of the ifl- and of Terra del Fuego, at the entrance of the Straits of Magellan. S lat. 54 30,. W long. 73 13. Noir, Cape, or Black Cape, on the north- ern fide of Chaleur Bay, is about 7 league* W N W of Bonaventure. Noix, IJle au, or Nut IJle, a fmall ifle of 50 acres, near the N end of L. Champlain, and within the province of L. Canada. Here the Britiili had a garrifon of 100 men. It is about 5 miles N N £ of the mouth of La Cole River, 20 N of Ifle La Motte, and 12 or 15 fouthward of St, John's. Nolacbuciy, a river in the eaftern part of the State of Tenneflce, which runs W S W into French Broad River, about 26 miles from Holdon River. Near the banks of this river Greenville College i* eftablifhed. Nelin Creek, a branch of Green Rivet in Kentucky. The land iiere is of an in- ferior quality. Ncmani Land IJIand lies a little S W of ' Martha's Vineyard, and is about 3 milc» long and % broad. It belongs to Dukc'a ca N ih. MafTachufotti. N lat. 41 15, W long. 71 S- Nvmhre de Dhi, a port to the S S E of the cape to the caftward of Porto Bcllo, on the Spanifh Main, at the didance of itbout 7 leagues. It is at the bottom of a large deep bay, being wide to the E fide ill Ut. 9 43 N, and long. 78 35 W. The {(lands called Baftimerttos arc iu this bay. L^rgc veflcU fcidom frequent this part MOW, although there is from 5 tO 8 fathoms, and cleati ground. Experience pointed <;iit that they were in danger of founder- i'lg ai anchor, fuch is the fiiry with which tlic itd. pours into the bay. Thofe vefTels tiiat now vifit It, if tlieir bnfirtefs require any ftay, prcTtr ridi:\; at the Baftimcntos, or at Porto Btllo. N^mtre de Dioi, hn the W coafl: of Mex- ico, «;ii tlie N Pacific Ocean, is a large rnd populous tou-n, a litilc lo the north- ward of I he tJopic of Cancer, and 20 h-agitts to the N of Guadalaxara. N lai. Aj 38, W long. 104. Niiitame Laif, in N America, eitcnds from lat. 60 about 50 luiles >f- Its width is abriut if miles from eaft to weft. It ilbounds with fine fiftl. Hearne. Nimefuch, d river of Cumberland co. Maine. It paffcs to the fca through the town of Scarborough ; and receives its name from its extraordini-ry freftiets. Nunefuch, a harbour at the E end of the iiland of Antigua. The foad is foul and full of rocks ; and it has not more than 6 or 8 feet water, except in one place, which is very difficult. Noori Ptint, on the coaft of Chili, is the N point of the bay or port of Coquim- bo ; the other is called Point Tortugas. Noobeeva, one of the Ingraham Klauds, faidto be the parent of them all, fituated about 10 leagues S W of Ooahoona. Capt. Roberts named it Adams ; it is the iame which Capt, Ingraham called Federal JJl- tind. The lat. of the body of the iflaod is S j8 S, and nearly in the fame meridian with Wooapo, between 140 and 14O 10 W long, from Greenwich. All accounts of the natives concurred, fays Capt. Rob- erts, in reprcfenting it as populous and fruitful, and to have a large bay with good anchorage. Noijtka. or Kin^ Geutgcs Sound, on the N W coafl: of N. America, is very cxten- livc. That part of it where the fl^ips un- der Capt. Cook anchored, lies in lat. 49 ?6 N, and Ion;;. 136 <5 2 W from Green- wich. Capt. Cook judged the found to •cctipy a degree r.ud 2 hilt in lat. and 2 Nbii of long, ezdufive of its arms and branch^! unexplored. The whole found is fur- rounded by hijh land, in many places broken and tugged, and in general eov> ered with wbod to the very top. The natives were numerous and Were in pof- feflloil of iron and beads ; which proba- bly were conveyed to thent acrofs the continent from Hudfon's Bay. They are rather below the middle flze, and befmear their bodies wii . red paint, but their fa- ces are bedaubed with various colours. The Strait De Fuca encdmpaflcs the Urge clufler of iflands among whibh this found is Htuatcd. See Fuca, Pintari, Wajbingtaii IJlandi, and Notth Weft Coifl. It was for- mally taken pofleffion of by Lieut. Pcarce of the BritiOi navy, in 1795, in the name of his Britannic Majcdy. Nord, Rio del, or Rio Bravo. Sec Norti River, in the Gulf of Mexico. Nsyfolk, a populous maritime county of Muflachufetts, lately taken from the fouthcrn part of Suffolk co. and lies to the fouthward around the town and har* boar of Boflon. It contains 20 town- fliipfi, bf which Dedham is the feat of juf- ticc. Number of inhabitants, 17 ,3 16. Norfolk, a populous county of Virginia, bounded N by James' River, which di- vides it from \Varwick. It contains 7,7^8 free inhabitants, and 4,735 flaves. Norfolk, a pbrt of entry, port town, and feat of jullice in the above co. on the £ fide of Elizabeth River, immediately be- low the confluence of the eaftern branch. It is the mod confiderable commercial town in Virginia. The channel of the river is from ,^50 to 400 yards wide, and at common flood tides has 18 feet watef up to the town. The harbour is fafe and! commodious, and large enough to contain 3C0 iliips. It was burnt on the iftof Jan< 1776, by the Liverpool man of war, by order of the Britilh governor Lord Dun- mori ; and the lofb amounted to £300,00* fterliiig. It now contains al>out 500 dwelling houfe.s, a. court-houfc, gaol, an Epifcopal and Methodift church, a thea- tre, and an academy. It contains 4,22! free inhabitants, and 2,7154 flaves. The town is governed by a mayor and icveral aldermen. It carries on a briflc trade to the VV. Indies, Europe, and the different States, and conflitutts, with Portfmouth, which ft.uids on the oppofite fide of the river, a port < T entry. The exports for one year, cndingSept. 30th, 1794, amount- ed to i,66o,7j2 dollars. A canal, of 16 miles in length, is now cutting from the N b.-iinck branch of lina, to the abeth Rivei Elizabeth I Merchant v( within a mil and here the .which docs Morfolk an< them. It i< mond, 54 fr< SuOblk, and N lat. 36 55 ,-. NorfiUk, a Conneijlicut the Maflachi habitants. . Nor/M Cu ed on the N and the rive: Erie, until it the Orwell Ri .N 16 degrees Thames, and Until it meets CO. of York. , Norman, Ca foundland Ifla rcnce, and th< nay of Mauco rol. N lat. 51 water at full 1 Norcnba IJlt Pacific Ocean, and long. 32 ^ tecond voyage but did not fir Norridgetuoc CO. on Kcnneb tated in i>88, ante. It is 10 II iof Augufla. name flood Halifax, where cend it, after to the N, ant town flood, under Col. H; Norriton or J\ in Moutgomer ao mile* N W bank of the Sc i'ompaA hoisft and a handfom preftrvation of tory. Ti»''s to and was the re philolopher atit tiittenhauft. In Wianfion houfc, Voii,I. al i lei NOR NOR Wanch of Albemarle Sound in N. Caro- lina, to the waters of the S branch of Eliz- abeth River. It will communicate with Elizabeth River 9 miles from Norfolk. Merchant veiTels of the Urged fize may go within a mite from the moutbof the canal; and here the water being frefli, the worm, .ivhich doei fo much damage to vefTelt in ) habitants. . Norfolk C$u»ty, in U. Canada, Is bound- ed on the N and £ by the co. of Lincoln and the river Thames, on the W by L. I Erie, until it meets the Barbue, (called .' the Orwell River) thclice by a line running .N 16 degrees weft until it interfedb the Thames, and thence up the faid river Until it meets the N W boundary of the CO. of York. Smyth. Norman, Cape, on the TV' ccaft of Hc^' foundland Ifland, is oh the gulf of St. Law- rence, and the W entrance of the harrow bay of Mauco, 20 leagues from Cape Fer- rol. N lat. 51 39, W. long. 55 58. High water at full and change at 9 o'clock. JNoronba Ifiand, Ferdinaode, ill the South Pacific Ocean, Uid down in lat. 3 56 % and long. 3 a 38 W. Capt. Cook, in his tecond voyage^ looked fbt it in long. 32 j, i but did not nnd it. | JVbrWi^/xiM'f, a port town in Kenncbcck ' CO. on K«nnebcck river, Miiine, incorpo- tated in 1^88, and contains 6.';3 inhahit- ahtt. It is 10 miles W of Canaan, 35 N W iof Augurta. The Indian town of this name flood about 40 miles above Fore Halifax, where Kenncbcck R, as you af- cend it, after taking a S W courfe, turns to the N, and forms a poinc where the town rtood. )t was dcftroycd by a party under Col. Harman in 17 Z4. Norriton or Norrijlon^ the principal town in Montgomery co. Pennfyivania, ib abovt KO miles N W of Philadelphia, on the N bank of the Schuylkill, having about 20 i.ompaA houfet> a court houfe and gaol, and a handlome edifice of Aone for the preftrvation of records, and an obfcrva- tory. Th'R town has 9x2 inhabitants, and was the rtlideiicc of that celcbrAtcd plulnlbphet aticl philanthrupifl.Dr. David kUtenbouft. In hib Obferviitory, ncnr his m^nlion houfe, he was interred, agrcca- Vou. I. i Bub biy to his requeft, June, 1796. Hin tomb- rtone contains nothing but his name and the finiple record of the days and year* of his birth and death. " Here, (fays the elegant writer of his eulogy. Dr. Rujl) fhall the philofuphcrs of future ages rcfort to do homage to his tomb, and children yet unlwrntliail point to the dome whicb coven it, and exulti^gly fay, " There liea our RiUinUufc^ North America comprchecJs all tliat part of the continent of America which lies K of the irthmus of Darien, extending N and iB from about the loth dcg. of M lat. to the K'ortii Pole ; and E and W from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, between the 57th and i68ih deg. of W long, from Greenwich. Beyond the 70th degree N lat. few difcnveries have bccii made. North America was difcovered ia 1495, in the reign of Henry VII. by John Cabot, a Venetian ; and was thtn thicklr inhabited by Indians. It is now fuppofeil that there are not more than two millione and an half of the aborigines in N. aud S. America. In July, 1779, Capt. C'jok, and fince Capt. Vancouver and many others, have explored and dcfcribed the wcftern tfoaft of N. America. The formef proceeded as far as lat. 7 1, when he came to a folld body of ice from continent to continent. The interior country hat been explored by McfTrs. Hearne and Mackenzie. The former went northward to the Frozen Ocean,at the moutb of Cnp« permine River. The latter embarked at Fort Chepcwyan on the b of the Lake ot the Hills, in lat. 58 40 N, long, no .^8 W, in June> 1789, in a cinoe of bircii bark, witii 10 alli)ciatcs, 3 of whom were in another canoe. His courfe was north- wtfterly to feck the Fro/.cn Oci;an. Mountaiiu .ind vallies, dreary waftts and \vidc; iprcading fvirefls, lak-.a and rivers, fucceed eacli other in his d';fcription». Very fmall hands of wandering favigcs were the only people he difcovcicd. After leaving, the Lake of the liiils, he entered the blave Uivcr, liom which hr pa<1cd to the Slave Lnke, a larjrc body of irefli water, in about lat. 6t >nd 62 N, and long. 110 to lao W. The country round wears a barren afpecV.but produces a great variety of beriici, and is covered with large trees of fpi uce-piiK' and white birch. Where thefc are deflroved, poplars fuccced, though none were Icen before. From this lake lie cnttred Mackenzie's River, a deep and fpaciovis ftrcam. On its bankt he friund cacampoicnts of Kuif- tcneaux i| ,:»' \ i{ I WW "NO R. NOR , tenfijix Iii4inn)!. This wandering tribe ' fprcad over a vaft txttnt of conntty ^ 'I'lieir lai';^u;-.j).(^ ie the lame js that of the natives on tlu. ^v.^tcrs of the St. Lawrcnct nnil tlie coafl of I.abi .ulur. They arc oi a moderate fixture,, well proportioned and ' at^liye. Their drefs i.". fiir.i-.lccnur.t^nancf ^open, and eyts black. 'I'hclr wOniCn are ""the moll comely of f..va.!>i.s, and not inat- tentive to their own ptrlons. but ftijl pay more altcntion to tlic d(.cor;iiion of the 'men; Tliefc people are afTablc, indulgent 'to t!iclr cliildrtn, and hofpitable ti) tirAn- ■gcrs. Challity they conridcr not as a virtue ; they ni^ke ri'niporary exchange* of wives, and a piolTer of th'.ui to (Gran- gers is a pirt of their hcilpitality ; inccfl and bcflialiiy are not uiiconmion. Ai their fnnerals the niournf.i-s cut olf tliii"- hair, I;;rer,iie ih .ir Ci':ih. lil.icken th-.ir faecs ; and widows, as in t'le E ifl, I'onie titritsfacrifioc thcr.iiclvts Snickioi', pre- cedes ail matters of i-nporr.ini-e. 'i"hi.. lacrcd rite l-tsln rdl dilli.rcnces between contendhig pcifons; it is never violated. No petH)!! M'; y join in this folemn ael:, who has coliabitcd wltli a woman witliin it4 hours — he "is unclean," After proceeding down this river to !at. 69 1 N, and about li.ng. 134 W, he reached tlie tide waters of the Frozen Oecan; but in the middle of July was for- bidden to proceed any further by cxten- fivc fields of ice, and returned to Chepcw- ?'an Fort, having been ablent ro2 days, n Oelober, iy<)'i, he proceeded on a voyage to the N. Pacific Ocean. I'tom the' Lake of the Hills he afcended the Peace River, wliicli in tiic driefl; feafon is a qunrtcr of a mile in breadth; thel'oil on eacli fide is Ifvv an J rich. Like oth- er unehriftianized people, the Indinns on this river praClife poly;;aniy. 'I'he wo- men arc in the lowefi: ft't,. of d( bal'cment ; more indecent and fdtiiy ih'.n the men. The females perform all the dnid.jery al- Jotted to brutes in civilized Ibeiety, ex- cepting what aid they receive from a few final! dr.gs. While the niei»r.irry notiiin.ir but agunjhtirwivtsanddKUjjhters folk v withl'uch opprefllve burdens, tli,it if tluy lay thtni down thty are un.ildc to railc them agnin. This help rlie men will not deign to lend them ; they 'iftcn, therefore, Jeanagiiinrta tree for a partial, temporary relief. TIkIc pv;op'e are total {Grangers to the molt (anple reincdic.Wn time of (Ick- nefs. At their I'MKrals, among other ex- travagant tohi.:-;; of giicf, the females, Svf the dca-ih of a favourite I'vP.!, or huf- barid, or father, fometimes cut olFa Bftgf r at the fir ft joint. .Sonic of the old %vomci» have not 3 whole finger on cither hand. The property of the pcrfon dtccafcd is all deftroycd, that the fight of things con- nci'led with him, may not renew their gi iff. Thefe favogcs arc great gamellcrs, pnrfuing the bufincfs fomctimcs forafuc- cclljon of days and niglits. In the mountains which feparate the waters of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, are fevcral chafms, winch emit fmokeand fire \\ith a fulphurcoiu fmell. Findin:j the ftrcams of thcwcft dfd not tend di- reiflly to rhe fea, Mr. Mackenzie proceed- ed by land for a confiderable time, finld- ing in general a tolerable road or path made by the favagcs. As he advanced ne.irer the ocean, the fcttlcmentt of the natives were more numerous and perma- nent ; ihc manner of living more com- tortablc, the (hue of foeiety fomewhat im- proved : men took a fliare in domeftic l,iboiirf!, and women were more rtfpe<5ted. A rchitei^urc was improved ; painting and carving had made fome progrefs. The timber of a houfc was fecn hewn on two fides; tbecnd of the ridge-pole was carved in the form of a fnake's head ; the inlide of feveralbuildings were decorated withpain- ted hieroglyphics. In fome of their villages are temples fupportcd by pillars, carved in the fhape of men. Tncfe are painted black and red. Their waters arc (lorcd with falmon, and they hofpitahly invite the ftranger to fltare in their plenty : a variety of berries enrich the feaft. Cop- per, iron and brafs arc frequently fecti near the lea, which the natives, had pur- chafed of European fltips. The foil it good ; alder trees arc 7^ ^cct in circum- ference and 40 feet without a branch ; cedars are 24 feet it» circumference and projiortionably high. Willows, fprucc, l)ircii, and hemlock are common. Their cauoes of cedar carry 50 perfons. In fome inftances, when a pcrfon dies he ii buried till another of the family lliall de- ceafe, then he is taken up and burned, . -d the othrr perfon laid in the fame grave. 'J'hey believe in a good and evil Spirit, and have fealbns for public and private worfliip. Inlat. 52 21 33, and Ion. i28 a W. Mr. Mackenzie reached the grciU Pacific Ocean, and with Vermillion infer ibcd a(^ifiL- Ocean, and N W of the U. States, extending m far N as the couutry is hali- irablc, is inhabited chiefly by various na- tions and tribes ot' Indians. The bulian-) alfo poflefs Luge tra«fU of country within the, bpaiiilli, American, and Uritilh do- minions, 'i'hofe parts of N. America, not inhabited by Indians, belong (ifwc include Grcr.nlund) to Denmark, Great Britain, the American States, and S()ain. Spain claims the Floridas, New Mexico and Califcrnia. Great Britain claims all the countty inha!)ited by Europeans, ly- ing N and £ of the U. iitates, except 'Greenland, which belongs to Denmark, The remaining part, including Loulfiana, is the territory of the U. States. The particular provinces and Statci arc ix- hibited in the following TABLE. Be- .ong f c § ^Weft Greenland, about ^^ 'New Britain Upper Canada about Lower Ctnada do. Newfoundland do. Countriii, Prov- iiit't), aiiU States. in/j,iNt- 10,000 3 1 Cape Breton Ifland do. do, New Brunfwick ") Nova Scotia "> j .St. John's Ifland J in 1800 do. do. do. unknown 8o,coo 150,000 7,000 I.QCO 'Vermtmt in New Hampfliire Maflachufetts "> Diftriii^ of Maine j Rhode Ifland Coinietfticiit New York New Jerky Pennl'ylvauia. Delaware Masylaud Virj^inia S i Kentucky »> I Nortli Carolina •South Carolina Ccotjjia 'renncfTee Ohio do. 00. do. do. do. iHo. do. do, do. do. dt). d.\ do. do. 35.000 X723. 5.000 154,465 183,858 4»».845 ^51,719 69,17,1 •.i57.C02 586,050 aii,i-l9 6o2,j,j5 64,-173 34 y. ova 8S6,i49 230,i/3y 478,10.1 345 9-:'; io_-,6oa 4'«.»59 fEM Florida I Wtft Morida . •{ N(w Mexico Wayne C('initVjadiftjiicl:> , , r^ • ' >do. 3, ■zoo Govtrniiunt ^ -" Indiana Territory, N W 7 1 / r /3i • T»- S do. 0,407 of (%(iio River j '^ ' Miflifippi Tcriit(jry do. 8,84.: < LouiUana, lately iiur- ) „ , ... chafed by the U.Statcs. i '^^ *' 'V"'-'-- uivknown do. 3 , - — — ; d*>. o I Citilornia ' do. • (_ Mexico, or New Spain do. Kot t/jiiKip'cti^ :i lari'c I'.nevcn county of Ptnnfylvinia ; in the N 11 cnrner of the State, on Dth'ware River, which Rparate* it from N. Jtrfcy and N. York. It is di- vided into 17 townfliips, and contains 30,062 inhabitants. A'u/t/j.im/'icn, a townfliip in Buck's co. Pennlylv.ini.i, has 943 inli,i!>it,ints. Norib,jni;tt(,n, a town in N(»ith;miptou CO. Pcrmfylvaiiia, on tlic S W bank of Lehigh Rivt r, 5 or 6 niiies S W of Btth- Itheni. It W.is 573 inhabttants. Nortli.nnjttrin, a co. of Halifax diftrldt, N. Car4)lin,i, bounded N by the State of Virginia, containing 12,331 inhabitants, including 6,206 floves. Noithtimhto:!, a maritime co. of Virq;in- ia, on the jioint of the pcninfuLi, wJiich forms the E fide ot the entrance into Chcfapcak Bay. It has the ocean E, and Accomack county on the N. Its l^mth- trn extremity is Cape Charles, in hit. 37 11 N, and long. 75 57 W, ofF which i.s the fmall ifland called Smith's Ifland. Tiiis county contains 3,585 free inhabit- ants, and 3,1/8 flaves. The lands are low and fandy. Noitbitvil>ton Ccttrl Houfc, in the above CO. where a poi't oiTice is kept, is40n)ilc!« S by \V of Acccmack court hoiife, 43 N E of Norfolk, and 239 S of Philadelphia. Ntirtl.aKifton, a refpedlable pofl town and capitiil (,f Hampfl\ire co. Rlafl'achu- fetts, fitUc'tc'.l within a bend of Connct^i- cnt river, o;i its \V (idc, 40 miles N of Hartford, an ! 97 W of Bofton. It con- tains a I'p iciiiui congregational church, a court lioni'c, g'v.'nl]iip !• called Mount Holly, It contains ai>out 150 hoiifcs, an Epirco[)iit;u)t8. It i« lo miles E of Worcefler, and 36 \V pf Bofton. tlortbii ir/ge, 3 townfliip ip Worcefler CO. Maflaelmfetts, taken from Uxbridgc, which bounds it on tlie S. It was incor- porated in 17 72, and contains 544 inhab- itants. ' Blackftone River runs through thi< town. It is 13 miles S by E of Wor- ccft' r, and 45 S W of BoQon. ^T'.r/A Co?r.'/';,,r, one of tl\c V. Stntcs, is botinded N by Virginia ; K by the Atlan- tic Occsn ; S hy S. Carolina, and W by the State of Ttiinoflte. Tt lies between 25 50 and .■;6 30 N lat. and between 76 I and 83 8 \V long, being about 450 miles in length, and iSoin breadtli, containing about 34,000 fquare miles. The diftritas of this State are clafTcd in 3 divlfions, viz. The Eaf.crn difliridts, PJeriion, Netv- terii and JVilmirgUM — the Middle diftndls, Fayeiteville, HiUJhoroughy and Halifax— and the U^rfsrn diftri(5ts, Morgan and Silljburyi. The caftern difl:ri.irs at their motith.i ; and the coaft furr:itl;cs no good lisrhours ex- ctpt e r.;i.r. There are ircmarhabfc Jivamps in this St'ite, the one in Curri- f.ick CO. the other on the line between this State and Virgin!;!. Zcl Cutriiuck County, and Difmal. Thcn;r>il re'.narkable rrmnds .ire All'citiaric, Pamiieo and 'Core Sound? — the c;;^"*.f, I.ookoiitjHatteras and Fear; which nre d- rcrllud under their I'tipct'live n.»mes. Ncv.i)trn is the lar- cjeft tov. n in the St.ite : ilit other towns of note .ire lul.nton, V/il.iiiiigton, Haii- fax, Hilliborouph, .^ )l^n:i:ry and Fayette- villi ■ 'each rf whlcU h;'vc been, in their r'ltn?, the ft'.-it of the f-fner.-.! aflcnibly Ral*igh, fitiK'tcd near tlie centre of the .Stiitc,' 1,1^' i^.tely been cflaWillud as tlie jnttropc'is, .ind heie the tlti'verfity of the folate i> tflil)lini(.d. ' N. Carolina, in itj: whole v.-'dih, for 60 niilfs from the fea, ii" a deiid kvel. A KfC"t proportion of this traft lit& in forcd:.. and is baircn. On the banks of fome of the t ivem, par. ticularly of the Roanoke, the land is fer- tile and good. IntcrTperfcd through the other parts "arc glades of rich Iwanip; and ridgea of oal^Tand, of a black, fcitile foil. Sixty or So miles from the fea, th^ country rifes into hills and mountains, ^i in S. Carolina and Georgia. Wheat, rye, barley, oat< and flax, ^tow well in the back hilly country. Indian corn and pulfe of all kinds, in all parts. Cotton and hemp are alfo confidenibly cultivated here, and liiight be railed in much great- er plenty. The cotton is phnted ycarlv .- The ftalic.dics with the froft. Thfc' libour o'f one man will produce 1000 pounds iii the feeds, or 250 fit for manufadluring. The labour of a man and horfe will pro- duce 700 bufliels of Indian corn annually. Vines flourilli here, and promife to be an article of profit. The wine is not infe- rior to Port. A great proportion of the produce of the back country, coiifilling of tobacco, wheat, Indian corn, &c. is car- ried to market in S. parolina and Virgin- The fouthern interior counties carry la their produce to Charlcdon, and the northern to Petcrfburg, in Virginia. The exports from the lower parts of the State are tar, pitch, turpentine, rofln, Indian corn, boards, fcantling, ftaves, fliingles,' furs, tobacco, pork, lard, tallow, bees-wax, myrtle-wax, and a few other articles, amounting in the year ending Sept. 30th, 1791. to 524,548 dollars ; in 1801, lo 659,390 dollars. ' Their trade is chiefly' with the Weft Indies and the liorthcrn States. ' In the flat country Hear the fta- coaft, the inhabitant's, during the Aimmcr and autumn; are fubjct5l to intermitting fevers, which often prove fatal, as bilious or rif rvoos fymptoms prevail. The weft- em hiliy parts of the State are aS healthy as any part of America, That country is fertile, full of fpring."; and rivulets of pure water. Autumn is very pleafant, both in regard to the temperature and ferenity of the weather, and the richritfs and rnVicty of tF\e vegetable proditfkions, which the feafon afl'ord.s. The winters are fo mild in fome years, that autifmn may be faid to continue till fpririg. Wheat hnivft w in the beginning of June, and tint of Indian corn early in September. The l.uge natural growth of the plains, in tlie low conntry, is .ilmoft univerfally pitch pine, which is a tall handrome tree, far Uiperior to the pitch-piiie of the ror- tliern States. Thin tret may be called the (liiplc commodity of N. Carolina. It affoi ds tffotAt p! inds of 1 tute at lea State. N and red < abound w fatter is ai cattle in w Jn the mil which diiF ers. It ne on the toi inay be fo the tree, a It is an ev box- wood. rctJgiVirg faparilla, ; foots. Th lina was j JTcveral iro furnaces ii and a prop In the mat religions at odift. Th( which havi 40 years, ai terians fror ants of peo and are exc trines, dtfcij of Scotland diiftrious p fcveral flou per part o Quakers h; den in Gu gations at The Methf r'ous and ini t)Iy of N. C i» law incor fcach diftriif of N. Car( Jiandfomc 6f thisfcmi in Dec. 175 tees, to en; ately with Very good a er in Willii 3 or 4 othe note. Nor growfh. \i\xx. about the number It is now. State in the f f this Stat NOR NOR alFordt pitrh, tar, turpentine, and rartous Kinds of lumber, which, together, con(li> tute at lead one half of the exports of this State. No country produces finer white and red oak for ftavea. The fwamps abound withcyprefs and bay trees. The fatter is an evergreen, and it food for the cattle in winter. The Mifslctoe is common in the middle country. This is a fhrub, which difFersin1cind,pcrhaps,from all oth- ers. It never grows out of the earth, hut on the tops of trees. The roots (if they imay be (o called) run under t1ie bark of ihe tree, and incorporate with the wood. tt it an evergreen, refembling the giirden box-wood.' ' In many parts ate found gin- feifgl Virginia and Seneca fnake-ruot, i'ar- faparilla, and other medical' plants and roots. The late war, by which N. Caro- lina was greatly injured, put a (lop to feveral iron works. There are 4 or 5 furnaces in the State, that arc in blafl, and a proportionable number of forges. In the maritiaie diflridlt the prevailing religions are the Epifcopalian and Meth- odic. The wenern parti of this State, ivhich have been fettled within the lad 40 years, are chiefly inhabited by Prefby- tcrians from Pcnnfylvania, the defcend- antt of people from the North of Ireland, and are exceedingly attached to the doc- trines, difcipline and ul'ages of the church of Scotland. They are a regular and iu- dudrious people. The Moravians have feveral flourifliing fettlements in the up- per part of the State. The Friends or Quakers have a fettlemcnt in New Gar- den in Guilford co. and feveral congre- gations at Pcrquimins and Pafquotank. The Method! fts and Baptifls arc nume- rous and incre.ifing. The General Aflem- bly of N. Carolina, in Dec. 17 Sj, pafTcd ii law incorporating 4P gentlemen, 5 from tach diftri«5l, as truftees of the Univcrhty of N. Carolina. ' The" State has given tinndfomc donations for the endowment 6f this feminary. The General Afllmbly, in Dec. 1791, loaned ^Sfi^O to the truf- tces, to enable them to proceed immedi- ately with their buildings. There is a t^crygood academy at Warrenton, anoth- er in WilliamfborouRh, in Granvill^, and 3 or 4 others in the State, of confiderable note. North Carolina hat had a rapid growfh. In the year 1710, it contained but about I2CO fenfible nicn. In 1794, the number waseftimatcd at nho\xl( jo.ooo, it is now, in point of numbers, the fifth State in the Unirn. By the conftitution fif this State, which was tiitified in Dec. 1796, all legillative authority is verted ii| two diftin,and generally long, bro^d '(• -.' . ■ ■' NOR NOR ibroiid ch'ms. They have 3 or 4 parallel ^rokcs marked buck uu each ciic«k. They arc moroli, covctcus and un^ifttc- fui- Always pleading jnivcrty, tliey ari. xnaftcrt of dec«ptit)n. Wh;n ilicy vifi: the F.iiglilli fat^urics.to obtain titcir willi- ,ci>, they will groan, ligh, and Ihtd Uar», isiilct to be lame, biJncl, bathe one check in tear*, while tlic other txl.il)i»» a lignif- icant (mile. The lead rtlp cl renders them intolerably inib-eut. 'lliey willdif- ^uifc their pcrfnns, chhufi.c tlitir ;i.iiu'f, and luhorn falfc wiincilcs to evade the pajment of an honed tltlii. 'jtill they have I'ome gooel cjualitles ; being niild, temperate in drinkiiig, never guiity 01 riot and violence. Their marriage* arc not attcn('td with any ceremony. The «'omcn liavc noehoiec, but arc betrothed by their parents in childhood. Meu 40 years old often have wive> 10 or 12. A inan has as many wives as he pleafes, who perform all the drudgery, and iiai dell la- bour. The men are jealous, and divorces *re common. The only ceremony for this is a drubbing, and turning the woman out of doors. There are certain periods when the women are not allowed to dwell in the fame tent with fheir hut- bands. At thofc times tlicy .;: t ibliged to build a fmall hovel for tli :mi'elves. The women fometimes turn this cuftom to tKcir account : wlun they wifli to leave tlicir hn{ban<^J, ility have only, as is nccefiVry at thofc periods, to creep un- der the eves of the tent, for they arc not allowed to pafs lhroiij;h the door. Some- times d woman will lo leave herhuibiotd for 4 or 5 d;iys, tv;o or three times io a tuonil/. Deliciicy on the part of the huf- taiicl" <'ori.M(Jsii!4iiiiricM. At thefe periods, the wunun may not walk on the ice of a river or lakr, »\or near the pi ice where the men arc hunting heaver, nor near a tiding net, which is let, nor n»ay they «at the head of any anijnal, nor n:,Ty thty walk in (jr arrc^fs tlic track where the liead of a deer, iii(H;te,l)cavcr, and f(,vi.r- iil other animals have beta drawn cr ear- ned. Many of thofc ritople boil fhtir food in vellels of I.iich biiik, by c«!iini!; in hot ftoncs, ami niteii .'or want of wiiiiti their meat and iijh are eaten raw. Ma;- licc ;'.nd Mo. id ate arnonji tiuirdaiu- The water and wouds luriiifli their fupport ; liib and ganic ar.e plenty. When thtie f.iil, a black, hard n.ofj from the rocks is a fubflif.iue. 'I'i.is is boiled, and affords comfc.ri.'.hk- nouiillinient. *i heir principal direafts arc the i'curvy. hi the (Uaits which unite two l.ikes, thev mi"ht often unite a few nets and fil gots, ties. I confumption, and flux. They have «• remedies, but the tricks of their conju* ri>ri>. bupcrllitiou covers their minds with a difmal veil. The fird f\f[\ cau]{bt in a new net, mull be bi oiled whole, uot a joint broken, the bones burned entire, or the net would not be worth a f.irthing. y a lew nets ana lu! t!ie channel, and catch every fitli that Ihouhipafs, biiL th':y featter them, faying tiiat o;»>: net would be jualous of anoth- er, and not a iiih would be taken. When any of their principal Indians die, it it believed thi.y arc conjured to death. So peuetrf fcTcral groupt of illands, which arc fitiiatcd be- tween the eaftcrn coaft «>f K«mtfeh»tkB, in Afia, and the weftern couft of Ameri- ca. Thtfc iflands arc frequented on ac- count of their valuable fur». If the ac- counts of navigators who have ^ ilited then may be credUed, the moft p"rfet5t equality reigns among thcfe iflandcrs; they live in the primitive patriarchal manner, and every perfon looks uiMm his ifland a« a poflcirion, the property of which is common to all the individuals ol the fame fociety. Tliey feem cold aud in- difFcrent in mod of their actions ; but let an injury or even a fulpicion ronfe them from this phlegmatic ftate, they become inflexible and furious, taking the moft violent revenge, without any regard to the confcqueuees. The Icaft affliok. This tuvu \t the binh-place of that learned, pious, .'.tul excellent man, Dr. Ezra Stjl«s, late prelident of Yale College. North Mfmf'ftjrl^A townfliip ui Queen's CO. Long lfl.iml, N. York ; boundtrt eaft« eriy by Oyfter Biy, northerly by the Sound, and S by S. Hempftead. It rou- taius 2413 inhabitant', of whom ,■.) jite (laves. In 179ft, a.?* of the inhaivi ;iiti were qualilitd e!c(flor«. The fail is but indifltrent. Nrtb HuHiiijttin, a townfliip In WrftJi morciand CO. Pcnnlylvania. It has 1,484 inhabitants. North Ijhn!, on the coif\ of S. Caroli- na, lies ou the N fide of Winyr.h Hjrb'n: r. Northlitteil L,iif, ill N. America, is .•■.b otiP t6o miles R of the head of Chclkrfi(.!il Inlet ; is fuil of illauds, and about 80 mile* long, and 25 broad. North Kiiigjioivn, a town in WtfliingJ ton CO. Rhode Ifland, which carries on a confidcrablc trade in thefiflicries, btfide* fome to the Wcfl Indies. Its harbour \« called Wickford, on the W fldeot Nsrri- ganfet Bay, oppofitc the N end of Canon- icut Ifland. It is about 8 miles N W of Newport, and aofoutherlyof Providence* The townfliip contains 2,794 inhabitants; of whom 39 are flaves. North Mtiuiitfirt, one of the ridn;e5 of the Alleghany Mountains, which cxten Jt through Virginia and Pennlylv?ni,<. There is a curious fyphon fountain irt Virginia, near the intcrl'e(fli.>n of Lord Fairfax'* boundary with the N. Mouo- tain, not far from Brock's Gap, S* M 1 ■ 1 ■' ■ i' ■. ■ % N O K ilctwnn ScituAtc and Marfliflcld. The f ivfr it iiaviffRUctor hoati to the flrft ifilll, 5 miles from it* (uitrce. Thence to the nearcft wattri which run into Taun- ton Kivcr, it only 3 inilc-t. A canal to ^oom^ the watcri oftliefe two riv- «r», which cciininiinicate with Nartaganfet and Maflachofctt* Bi«yt, would be of great utility, ai it would fave a long and danqeriim navigation round Cape Cud. A'tr/A River, a very copl'iderablc river 6f Nrw Mexico, in N. Amrrica, which rifin in the N part of it, aud diredU it» rourfc to, the S £ Mnd eniptict into the Gulf of Mexico, at the W end, in about lat. 16 ra N. , Nertb River, a liranch of Fluvanna lliver; in Virginia. See Catb and Calf Ptftiirt, , North Salem, a townfhip in Wed Chef' ter CO. New Yet I:, 'oppolite Ridgcficid in ConnedVicut. It cuntaint 1,145 >(ihabi> tantt. , North Sea, is k nar.ie that hai been giv> cn by fcograplicrt to varioua parts of the occaitu, where they happen, to waQi the northern parts of the American continent Or illandf; Thus, the Gulf of Mexico sod the Atlantic Occap farther to the £, ^om their waters wafliing the N coafl of l^exicoor New Spain in N< America, and Terra FIrma in .S. America, have been ^iflinguidied by this name. It hat alfo been appdtd to the fouthern part of the Gulf of Me:ilico, in particular by the Span! iicU, on their croIBn? the inhmus of D^.ricii, trom the N,to the S cna({, in opp'*Uionto the Pacific Ocean, to which tnry give tilt n.imc of the South Sea. The Atlantic Of'r;in ilfoon the E coaftof N. America hr.;. Iccn i'omttiines called the North Sc'.'i ; w!ii.:h uppcllAtioii hat alfo been givtn to the Frojicn Ocean, from its bou:Kliiii» N. America on th; north. I^'ortl) Sow J Piintxt the prt.jecling point 6f land on the N E fide of the ifland of Antigua, ill the W. Indies, and it about S S U from Long Idand. NortLumbcrlanJ, .1 town in Orafton co. New Hampn^ire. fituated on the £ fide of Conncdiicut River, at the mouth of the Upper Amonoofiick It was ineor- porntecl in ^779, and contains zcj inhab- itants. N^rtlumhcrtand, a coUnty of 'Pctinfyl- vati! I, howided N by Incoming; Sand W by Dauphin and Mifiiiu counties. It it divickd into 24 townfliips, and contains a; ,79; inhabitant*. Chitf towhj Sun> NOR Ntrtiumierfami, • floufintiilg poft towo in the above couniy, fituated on the poii^t of land formed by the jundUon of the E and W branches of the Sufquehanaah. It it laid out regularly, and containi about itohoufes, a Prelbyicrian church, and an academy. As the country increafea above, this will become a place of impor- tance. It it % milct N by W of Sunbury, and 134 N W by W of PhiladelDhia. NorthurrtLarUndf.i county of Virginia, bounded ti by Chefapcak Bay, and W by Richmond. It contain* 3,900 free in- habitantit, ard 3,903 fl^vei. T«h« cburt- houfe, where a pod office It kept, it i» miles from Kinlale, 18 from Lancader court houfe, 86 from! Frederickfburg, and 3 17 from Philadelphia. Norlbumbirlaud. County, ill U. Canada, i* bounded 011 the E by the county of Hail- ingi, and the carrying place of fhe Pref- qu' Ifle de Quinte ; on ^he S by Lake On- tario, until it mcett the wedernmoft point of Little Bay ; thence by a line running N 16 degrees W, until it meets the fouth- ern boundary qf a tradb of laud belonging to the Miflairag.-i Indiant, and thence along the traA parallel to L. Ontario, un- til it meet* the northwenarnmod bound- ary of ttiJLjonnty Of Hading*. The ccunt}^ oljHthumberlatid eomprehcnd* »ii the ifl«MM)ear to it in L. Ontario, and the bay of Quinte, and the greater parr of it front* Lake Ontario. Smytb. North ffalii, a toiya of Caroline co; Virginia, on Pamunky R.iver, about » miles below the jun«Skioa of N and S Anna branches. NoHb iVeJI Ceajl of America: The country on the N wedcrn part of the continent of America, lying on the Pa- cific Ocean, i* thus denominated. Ac- cording to accounts given by voyagers tc this coad, the vad country lying upon it, with very little deviation, has tli^ ap- pearance of one continued forcfty being covered with pines of didcient fpeciet, and thefe intermixed with alder, birch, witch-hiiKel, &c. hcfidcs various kinds of brufliwood ; and the vallies and low grounds adbrd wild currantg,goofeberriet^ rafpberries, and varioris fJoxvering dirubs. On the coaft are many ift.mds, fpacion* bays, conim6(lious harbours, and mouth* of navigable rivers ; among the former arc Wafliington, or Queen Charlotte'* l(1i>nd9, extending fromN lat. 51 42 to 54 r8; W lon^. from Greenwich 129 54 to 133 18. Here are Nootka Sound, Admi- ralty Bay, and Port Mulgravc, Prince Wilbanr* low t'leti aha. ioiU utha mer ttc's 054 4 CO dnu- rince , 1 rimrl <. r the Ml* \^et.\ C OAST of A>X KK I ( . \ >-^ t li.' .V."' Y.-.x -. Shewinq (he Pisctnrrn't that liuvf hrrn I tliu.1t' fiarls. .i Chart of A>4KKI( .\>^ til.- MI.K.-ist fOAST of AM.1 isci^vri'-.^- that have hrrn I a My made in. t/io.\Y /Jiirls. ■ ■''{i/:i;.(;,/,//.,'. /(.• vr. ,. i - ■■i;^ '♦ a -m»>- William's S ninfula of rounding ii Sound; tvhi ring's Strai by numerou each trfte a and governe differ ffohi < and cufloms, It is impofEl grce of certa tants ; hut t xo,ooo, from River, an ci The natives s ftature, their i general flat a bones and flat and regular, lighter than fome of their Both fcxes are felvcs with be generally paii They have a < tadinal flit in mouth and chi as the moutii, i «f bone, wood in it, from wh low as the chii greater unifor diflTcrcbt tribes The aperture t chin, feems cor River and Prin the wooden or; worn hv the % the coart from Charlotte's If! wholly fubfift Their clothing imals and birds ty manner, and filth and indole civilized nation liitherto, has b lives for furs ;w for pieces of iro and other triflir carried to Chin profit. The flcin 'ea otter, racoon faHefs maiimiot which might b( C"Pper, oil, fpai lies of falmon. 1788, there had "'••coafl 9 veil Vol. I, •Mm-r-'^- NOR NOR William's Sound, Cook's River ; the pe- ninfula of Alalka, and the iflands fur- rounding it, Bridol Bay, and Norton Sound ; which laft lie S caftward of Bch- ring's Straits. The coaft is inhabited by numerous but fmail tribes of Indians ; each tr^be appearing t* be independent, and governed by its own chief. They differ frohi each other in their language and cudoms, and are frequently at war. It is impoflible to afccrtain with any de- gree of certainty the number of inhabi- tants ; but they have been computed at 10,000, from Nontka Sound to Cook's River, an extent of about 1,000 miles. The natives are for the mo"' part fliort in ftature, their faces, men and women, are in general flat and round, with high cheek bones and flat nofes,aud their teeth white and regular. Their complexions are lighter than the fouthern Indians, and fome of their women have rafv cheeks. Both fexesare fond of ornamenting them- felvcs with beads and trinkets, and they generally paint their hands and faces. They have a cuflom of making a longi- tadinal flit in the under lip, between the mouth and chin, fome of them as large as the moutii, in which they wear a piece of bone, wood or ivory, fitted with holes in it, from which they fufpend beads as low as the chin. There appears to be a greater uniformity in the drefs of the difTcrebt tribes, thkn in their ornaments. The aperture or fecond mouth, above the chin, feems confined to the men of Cook's River and Prince William's Sound; whilfl the wooden ornament in the under lip is worn bv the tvomen only, in that part of the coaft from Port Mulgrave to Queen Charlotte's Idands. The inhabitants wholly fdbfift by fifliing and hunting. Their clothing is made of the fkins of an- imals and birds. They live in a very dir- ty manner, and are a complete pitflurc of filth and indolence. The chief objedl of civilized nations in navigating this coafl hitherto, has been to ttailicwith the na- tives for furs ; which they give in exchange for pieces nf iron, nails, beads, penknives, and other trifling trinkets. Thefe furs are carried to China, and difpofcd of to great protit. The fkins nbtained are thnfe of the lea otter, racoon, pme martin, land heaver, taritfs maiiimot, &c. The other articles which might be procured, are ginfeng, cnpper, oil, fpars, &c. with great quanti- ties of falmon. I'rom 1785 to February, 1788, there had arrived at China from tliis coaft 9 vcliels of different nations. Vol. I. C c c Six of thefe had furs, fold for 96,84a dol- lars ; a French fliips, 54,837 dolls, and 17,000 fkins imported by the Spaniard* unfold. What furs the Ruffians procure is not known, as they never carry them to Canton. In lat. 5% 21 33 N,on a riv- er crowded with falmon, are fome popu- lous villages, who have made fome ad- vance towards civilization. Painting and fculpturc being in a ftate of confidetdble improvement. They have forms of wor- fhip which they attend at ftated periods in a public manner. Their dead they burn. One of their temples is 50 feet by 45, fupported by 14 pillars or pofls, 8 or 9 feet high. The two centre polh at each end are 'if feet diameter, and carved into human form, fupporting two ridge poles on their heads, 12 feet from the ground. The hands of one are placed on his knees, as if he fupported the rooC with difliculty ; the other flands at his eafc with his hands on his hips. The pofl;», poles, and pillarsare painted red and black. Some of their timber for building is hewn on 2 fides, and the buildings are often dec- orated with hieroglyphic paintings, dt fanciful carvings. I In . confequeuce of ail expedition undertaken in 1787, Capt. Jt Kendrick, of the fhip Columbia, while profecuting aiv advantageous voyage witfi the natives for furs, purchafed of them^ it is faid, for the owners, a tra borders, arc a number of fmall ponds, whofe waters feed Pifcataqua and Suncook Rivers. It was incorporated in 1773 ; contains 950 in- habitants, and is about 39 miles N W of Portfmouth. Cry (lab and cryfialline ij>ars are found here. North Yarmouth, a poft town of Maine, in Cumberland co.on a fmall river which falls into Cafco Bay. It is 17 miles W by S of Brunfwick, 14 N of Portland, and 140 E of Bofton. The townfltip is exten- five, was incorporated in 1713, and con- tains z,6oo inhabitants. Cuflens River divides it from Freeport on the N £. Norton, a townOiip of Briftiol co. Maf- fachufetts, 33 miles S of Bodoo. It was incorporated in 17 11, and contains 1481 inhabitants. Theannualamountof the nail manufatfturc here is not lefs than 300 tons. Thereis alfo a manufadlureof orhrewhich is found here, Gmiiar to that at Taunton. Norton, a fettlement on the N £ coad of Cape Breton Ifland. Norton't Soumd, on the N W coaft of N. America, extends from Cape Darby on the N N W to Cape Denbigh, or Cape Stephen's on the S or S £. N lat. 64 50. Norivali, a pleafant poft town in Fair- field CO. ConneiSticut, on the N fide of Long Ifland Sound. It contains a Con- ftegational and Epifcopal church, which are neat edifices, and between 40 and 50 compatSt houfcs. It is 13 miles W by S of Fairfield, 34 S W by W of New Ha- ven and 54 N E of N. York. The town- fliip is fituated in a fertile wheat country, and was fettled in 1651. Here arc iron- works and a number of mills. It lias a fmall trade to N. York and the W. Indies, and contains 5,146 inhabitants. Norway, a townfli![> of N. York, in Herkemcr co. incorporated in 179a. It contains 1.911 inhabiuuts. Nerwiy, a poft town in Cumberland CO. Maine, incorporated In 1797, having 609 inhibitauts. Nor^vicb, a confiderablc townfliip in Windfor co. Vermont, on the W fide of ConocAicut River, oppoCte to Dartmouth College. It contains i 486 inhabitants. Nortvicl), a townfliip in Hamplliire co. Maifachufetts, 74 miles S W of North- ampton, and 114 W of Boflon ; incorpo- rated in 1773, and contains 959 inhabi- tants. Nortvicb, a city and poft town of Cou- a««5iicut, and of the fecvnd rank in New London co. fituated at the head of axVir gation on Thames River, 14 miles N of New London, and 40 S £ of Hartford. This commercial city has a rich and ex- tenfive back country; and avails itfelf of its happy fituation on a navigable riv- er, which affords a great number of con- venient feats for mills, and water ma- chines of all kinds. The inhabitants man- ufa(9iire paper of many kinds, ftockingi, clocks and watches, chaifes, buttons, ftonc and earthen ware, oil, chocolate, wire, bells, anchors, and all kindsof forge-work. The city contains about 500 dwelling- houfes, a court-hoafc, two churches for Congregationalifts, and one for Epifcopa- Hans,and 3476 inhabitants. The city i* in three detached, compadt divifions, viz. Chelfea, at the landing, the Town, and Bean Hill; in the latter divifion is aa academy, and in the town is an endowed fehool The courts of law are held al- ternately at New London and Norwich. This town was fettled in i66o, by ^s men, principally from Saybrook. It it 251 miles N £ of Philadelphia. N lat. 41 34, W long, 7 a 49. Ntrivieb, a townfhip in Chenango ca N. York, taken from the towns of Jericho and Union, and incorporated in 1793. It is fettled principally by people fron Connedlicut; is bounded foutherly hj Oxford, and lies 55 miles W of Cherrj Valley. It has 1,219 inhabitants. Nottvicb, now called iVbitby y'm Upper Canada, on the N fliore of L. Ontario. Norwich Totvnjhip, in Norfolk co. U. Canada, £ of and adjoining Dereham. Notch, Thf, a pafs in the wcftern part of the White Mountains, in New Hamp- fliirc ; the narrowcft part of which is but 21 feet wide, between two perpendicular rock-i. It is 25 miles from the Upper Coos. From the height above it a brook de- fcends, and meanders through a meadow, formerly a beaver pond. It isfurround- ed by rpcks, which, on one fide, are pei- pendicular, and on the others, rife in an angle of4 5 degrees, a ftrikingly pidturel'que I'cene. This defile was known to the In- dians, who formerly led their captives through it to Canada ; but it had been forgotten or negle<5ted, till the year 177 1, when two hunters pafled through it. There is a road this way now to the Up- per Coos. Notch, Cape, is the W point of Goodluck Bay, in the Straits of Magellan. S lat. Si .13. W long. 74 34. Noitaway, a fmall river of Virginia, vihkk "»<««■>>.•, -'■'"miTn NOV vrhich runs E by S.and receives Black Wa* ter on the lineof N.Carolina ; thence pur- fuiug a S by Wcourfe of about lo miles, it joins the Mcherrin ; the confluent dream then aflumes the name of Chowan River, and emptio into Albemarle Sunnd. Nottoway, a county of Virginia, bound- ed N and N W by Amelia, from which it was taken in tite year 1788. It contains 3,418 white, and 5,983 black people, (ee Amelia. Nottingham, a pod town in Rockingham CO. N. HampHiire, 13 miles N of Exeter, and 24 N W of Portfmouch. It was in- corporated in 1722, and contains 964 in- habitants. Nottingham, Wifi, a poft town in Hillf- borough CO. New Hampihire, Gtuated on the £ Tide of Merrimack River ; was in- corporated in 1746, and contains l,'J.fi^ inhabitants. It has MafTachufetts line for its fouthcrn boundary, which divides it from Dracut, and is about 45 miles N N W of Boflon. Nottingham, Eaft and IVeJI, two town- fliips in Chefter co. Pennfylvania ; the former having 889, and the latter 454 inhabitants. Nottingham, the moft northern town of Burlington co. N. Jerfey, on the £ hank of Delaware River, between Bordentown and Trenton. Nottingham, a pod town in Prince George's co. Maryland, on Patuxent Riv- er, 16 miles N £ of Pifcataway, and zo S £ of Wafliington. Nova Scotia, formerly called Niio Scot- land, a British province of N. America ; feparated on the N £ from Cape Breton Ifland, by the Gut of Canfo ; on the N it has a part of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and the ftraits of Northumberland, which divide it from the Ifland of St. John's ; on the W it has N. Bruniwick and the Bay of Fundy ; on the S and S E the At- lantic t)cean. Its length is about z^s miles from Cape Sable on the S W to Cape Canfo on the N £. Its extreme breadth is 88 miles; but between the head of Hahfax harbour and the town of Windfor, at the head of the S £ arm of the Bafm of Minas it is only about tz miles broad. It contains 8,789,000 acres; of which 3 millions have been granted, and a millions fettled and under improve- ment. Nova Scotia is accommodated with many fpacious harbours, bays, and coves of fhelter, equal to any in the world. The chief of thefe are Canfo, Ijalifitx, uu Chebui51:u Bay, ClicdabuiSlo, NOV Frederick, George, Torbay, Charloffr, King's, Barrington.Townfend, St. Mary's, Annapolis Royal, the Balin of Minas, the Bay of Fundy; and a vad number of capes, lakes, and rivers, which are de- fcribed under their refpetftivc names. The mod remarkable mountains are the Highland of Afpotagocn, and the Ardoin Mountain. The fouthern fliorcs prefent to the eye of a dranger rather an un- favourable appearance, being in general broken and dony ; but the innumerable iflands alongits coads, coves and harbours, though generally compofed of rocky fub- danccs, appear defigned by nature for the drying of fiih, being covered with materials for fidi flakes and dages ; and there is land fufBcicnt for padures and gardens, to ferve the purpofes of filh- ermea As you advance into the back country, it wears a more prcmifing ap- pearance ; and at Cornwallis, Windfor, Horton, Annapolis, Cumberland, Cobe- quid, Pidtou, and along the northern fliores of the province, there are eztenfive, well improved farms. The gradual im- provements in hufbandry, which has been encouraged by the laudable edbrts and fuccefsful experiments of the agricultural fociety, lately cftabliflied here, alTord fc^c good ground to expedt that N0V4 Scotia may become a flonrifliing colony. The lands in general, on the fea-coad, the countv of Lunenburgh excepted, and a few hills of good land, are rocky, and in- terfperfed with fwamps and barrens. The growth in general is a mixture of fpruce, hemlock, pine, fir, beech, and fome rnck-maple, which furniih an inex- haudible fupply for ihip-building and other purpofes. The coad abounds with fifh of various kinds, as cod, falmon, mack- erel, herrings, alewives, trout, &c. and l>e- iag near to the Banks of Newfoundland, (^ero, and Sable Banks, fiihcrics, under proper management and regulations, might be carried on with certainty of fucceis. There are coal-mines at Cum- berland, and on the £ad River which falls into Pidtou harbour. There is plen- ty of bog and mountain ore in Annapolis townfliip, on the borders of Ni<3:,\u Riv- er, and a bloomery is eredled there. Copper has been found at Cape DOr,oa the N fide of the Balin of Minas. The forts in this province arc Fort Edward, Cumberland, and Cornwallis. Nova Sco- tia is divided into 8 counties, viz. Hant.s, Halifax, King's, Annapolis, Cumberland, Sunbiiry.Ontrtu's. and Lunenburg. I'hcfc arc m^ 'I 'I 'i'i i I ■, :'.!f m N U E O B I arc fubdlvided into above 40 townfliip3. Tht whole population of Nova Scotia, N. rrunfwick, and the iflatids adjoining is edimated at about 50,000. Tlic amount of imports from Great Britain to thii country, at an average of ^ years, before the new fettlementi, was about ^26,300. The articles eiportcd in exchange are, timber and the produce of the fiHiery, nrhich at a large average amounts to £38.000. Nova Scotia was confirmed to Great Britain in 1760. Halifax is the metropolis. See New Btunf-wicif Canada, &c. NouvcUe, La, commonly called E^ft Nouvelle, lies on the northern fide of Chaleur Bay. It is a fmall river, about 4 leagues from Port Daniel. Ntmille, La Grande, Of Wfjl Nou-vilU, on the northern fide of Chaleur Bay, is above one league from Carleton, where is alfo a cuftom-houfe, and a refpedtable mercantile houfe. Nififiguit, a fmall village of N. Brunf- wick, on the fouthern fide of Chaleur Bay, inhabited by Roman Catholics; above iz leagues W of Caraquit Ifland ; .between which and Point Mafanette, are -the capes of Poiquchaw. At this village a number of coafting trader: touch during the fiimmer, where they purchafe of the inhabitants cod iifli and f.ilmon, as alfo feathers, peltry, and fome furs. Noxan, or Nuxontgn, or Nox 7#w/i, a town of New Caftle co. Delaware, ai miles N of Dover, and 9 S by S W of St. Gcorj^e's Town. NuiUJ.r, an ifland in the Pacific Ocean, with 3 fmall ones N of it, and near to it, W by S ot Cape Corienlcs, on the coaft of Mexico, .ind E of Roco Portida. N lat. 16 40, W loniT. 122 30. Nudvunk, a place in New Britain, the refort of Walruflcs in winter; wiiii the teeth of tiiefc animals the Indians heid their d;irts. Lat. 60 N. Nufjlra Seit'.ra dt la Pas, an epifcopal fee and town of Poru, in S. America. S lat. 17 10, W long 64. Ni'cflrit Scnorn de l,i I'ittorio, a town of Me-xic-o. N lat. i8, W long. 92 35. Kuevo Ba^i', a bank callcci bi tlu' Brit- ifli the New Bfar, being about 3a leagues S of the Vv' tnd of the iflaiul ot Jamaica, in lat. 15 57 N. It has a key, 2 cables length lonjT « ml j| broad; (tretching E bv N. and W byS Thr Britilb find thii. ji j^oOd ftation in a Spanilli war, as moft fliips tome this way from the Spanifli .Main, going to the Havamiab. , S, <•*- '■•sSfSft-: .pflrif"."^ 0. o. ACHATE Harbour, near the fouth point of Ulietea, one of the Society Iflands, io the S. Pacific Ocean, N W of Otahcite. 6 lat. 16 55, W long. 151 44. 0ahaLa,2i river of Louifiana,whieh emp- ties into the Miflifippi fromtheN W.irt lat. 39 10 N, and 7 miles Nof Riviere au JSeuf. Oaieona, oue of the Ingraham Ifles, whicli is faid to be the northernmoft of all thisclufier. It lies about 10 leagues N £ of Noohecva. To this ifland Capt. Rob- erts gave the name of MaJ/atbu/eth, Capt. Ingraham had before called it IVaJhington. Uaitipiba or Aitefieia Bay, fituated near theN E end of the leflcr pcninfula of the ifland of Otaheite, has good anchorage in II fathoms. Slat. 17 46, W long. 149 14. Oai Bay, or the Devil'i Head, in the Bay of Fundy, is 9 leagues S S E of Moofe Ifland. It is very high land, and may be feen at 10 or 11 leagues difiancc. • Oakfujktc. See Tallopoofe River. Oalfujkles, an Indian tribe in the weft- em parr of Georgia. I'he warrior Mico, called the White Lieutenant, had the fole influence over 4,000 gun-men. Oakham, a townfliip in Worcefter co. Maflachufetts ; 15 miles N W of Worcof- ter, and 6» W of Bofton. It was incorpo- rated in i76i,and contains 801 inhabitants. Oak Ifland, a long narrow ifland on the coafl of N. Carolina, which with Smith's llland forms the S W channel of Cape Fear River. See Bald Head, and Capi Fear, OaktMulget River is the fouthern great branch uf the beautiful Alatamaha, in Georgia. At the Oakmulgee Fields it is about 300 or 400 yards wide. Thefe rich and fertile fields arc on the cafl fide of the river, above the confluence of the Oconee with this river ; thefe two branch- es arc here about 40 miles apart. Here are wonderful remains of the power and grandeur of the ancients of this part of America, confifling of the ruins of a capi- tal town and fettlement, vaft artificial hills, terraces, &c. See Alutamaba River. Oatara, a fmall woody ifland on the .S R of Ulietea Ifland, in the S. Pacific Ocean ; between 3 and 4 miles from which to the norlh-wcft are two other Imall iflands in the fame diret'tion as the reef, of which they arc a part. O/'id'sA'iver, in Tcnncflee, runs S W into Cumberland R. 290 mile* from its mouth, bythecoiirfeo; the lire ,'.m. Thus far C«m- bfrland R. is navij/able for large veflels. Oiion, a navigable river of Tenneflee, yhick O C R which runs S W into the Miffifippi, 44 milei fouthcrly of Reelfoot Rivets. It i» 70 yards broad, 17 miles from its mouth. Oiiftreo, an ifland 100 leagues S of the Society Iflands. S lat. aa 40, W long, jjo 50. It contains no good anchorage, and the inhabitants are averfe to the in- trufion of (Irangers. Occea, or Ocoa, a bay on the S fide of the ifland of St. Domingo, into which fall the fmall rivers Sipicepy and Ocoa. It lies £ of Ntybe or Julienne Bay, and is bounded I'outh-caftward by Point Salinat, and weft- ward by the £ point at the moutli of Bya River. Spanilh fliips of war anchor in this bay. Point Salinas is 2% leagues W of the city of St. Domingo. Oeeoa, a bay near the eaft end of the ifland of Cuba, in the windward pafTage, about 20 miles eall of Guantanamo Bay. Oiuebapfy, or Bear-Creek, in the Miffi- fippi Territory, empties through the S W bank of Tenneflee River, juft below the mufclc (hoalr. There is a portage of only about 50 miles from this creek to the navigable waters of Mobile River. The mouth of this creek is in the centre of a piece of ground, the diameter of which is 5 miles, ceded by the fouthern Indians to the United States for the eftabli(liment of trading pods. Occoneacbea IJlandt^ two long narrow ifl- ands at the head of Roanoke River, in Virginia, juft below where the Staunton and Dan unite and form that river. Ocona Pert, on the coaft cf Peru, on the S. Pacific Ocean, is xi leagues N W of Quiica, and a bold coaft, and 14 leagues S E of Attico. Oconee, the north main branch of Ala- tsmaha River, Georgia. It is, in many places, 250 yards wide. Its banks abound with oak, afli, mulberry, hickory, black- walnut, elm, faflafras, «fc. ^ Oconee Town lies on the E bank of the river of its name in Georgia ; about 46 miles W N W of Golphingtor . and 6a W by N of Augufta. Occojuan, a river in Virginia which, af- ter a Ihort courfc, empties into Patow- mac River, at Higli Point, 5 miles below Colchefter. The falls in this river fur- nifli excellent mill-feats. Ocrecock Inlet, on the coaft of N. Caro- lina, leads into P.imlico Sound, and cut of it into Albemarle Sound, through which all vcflels muft pafs that arc bound to Edcnton, Wafliington, Bath, or New- hern. It lies in lat 35 10 N. A bar of Hard faud crofl'es the inlet, oa which is 14 O H I ftet water at low tide. The land on the N is called Ocrecuck,that on the S Porti- mouth. Six milts within the bar, there is a hard faud Ihoal which croflcs the channel called the Swafli. On each fidc 01 the channel are dangerous flioals, fnme- timesdty. Few maTiners,howevtr, well ac- quainted with theinlet.chnofetogo in with- out a pilot ; as the bar often fhifts during their abfence on a voyage. It is about 7^ leagues S W ^ W of Cape Hatteras. Ogiechee, a river of Georgia, 18 miles S of Savannah River, and whofe courfes are nearly parallel witn each other. It rifes nearthe Appalachianmountaius, andemp- ties into the fea oppofite the N end of OITabaw Ifland, 18 miles S of Savannah. Louifville, Lexington and Georgetown are on the upper part of this rivtr. Oglethorpe, a county of Georgia on the N fide of Alatamaha River, W of Liberty CO. Fort Telfair is in the S E corner of this county on the Alatamaha. It con- tains 9,780 inhabitants, of whom 3,089 are flaves. Obamtneno, a fmall but good harbour, on the W fide of Ulietea, one of the Socie- ty Iflands, in the S. Pacific Cv-ean. S lat. i6 4?, W long. 151 38. The variation of the compafs in i777,was 6 19 E. Ohamcne Harbour,^ fine bay on the E fide of Otaha, one of the Society Iflands. It paf- fes in by a channel between the * fmall il!- ands Toahoutu, and Whennuaia. Within the reef it forms a good harbour, from 25 to 26 fathoms water, and clear ground. Oberurua, a large bay on the S W part of the ifland of Otaha, one of the Society Iflands, and the next ha.rbour to the north- ward from Apotopoto Bay. There is av.- choragc from ao to aj fathoms, and h.i'» the advantage of frcfli water. The brcaclj in the reef which opens a paflage into this harbour is one fourth of a mile broad, ia lat. 16 38 S, and !oii;j;. 151 30 W: Obeteroa, one of the Society illsnds, which is about 1 1 miles long and ''' !iro"d, inhabited by a people of very large (tat- ure, who arc rather browntr than thofe of the ncighljouring ill.mnls. It ha? no good harbour or anchorage. Lat. 22 27 S, long. I jo 47. Obetuna, a harbour on t!ic S E fide of Ulietea, one of the Society Iflands. Ohevaboa, an ifland in the Smitli Pacific Ocean. S lat. 9 41, W lo:.?. 139 z. Ohio, Stale of, lies W of Pi npfylvania, and between th<: Chi- P.iver on the S, and the Lakfs Mi< higifn nui F.rie on the' N. Its prccife boundaries arc as follows, ▼iz. .^i: m )■' ::!'r K r O H T >;«. T. by tlie northern part of the W line of Pcnnfylvania ; S l>y the Ohio River, to the mouth of the Great Miami; W by a line drawn due N from the mouth of the rlvtr lafl named to the fouthern CTtrcmity of Lake Michijjan ; N by an E and W line drawn through the fouthern extremity of the lake juft mentioned, faom the juterfedion of the weftern boun- dary line, till it meets the northern terri- torial line of the U. States, in Lake Erie, and followinf; th;'t line, till it readies the V! line of Pcnnfylvania ; lying between if) and 42 N. lat. and 5 «5 and 4 ,l6 W, long, from Phil.idelpliiu. This State was admitted into the Union by adt of Con- fxvU early in the year 1803, and organi- sed March 3d of the fame year, and is. divided into 17 counties, viz. Coi>rtits. VV'alhington Hamilton Adams Jtffcrfon Rofs C.icrmont Trumbull Fairfield Bellmuut Gallia Scioto Franklin Colmnbiaoa Warren Butler Montgomery Greene The number of CliitJ 'Tovns. Marietta Cincinnati Mafneftjurgh Steubenville Chilicothe Williamlburgh Warren New Lancafter Pultnej' Galliopolis Alexandria Franklinton inhabitants in this State, in 1800, was ^i,\-]<). The princi- pal rivers are the Mullcingum, Hockhock- j ing, Scioto, and IJtcie and Great Miami, 1 '«hicb fall into the Ohio ; and the Grand ! Miami of the Lakes, Sandutkyi Huron, ; and Cayahoga, which empty into Lake j Erie. I'he lands on thefe rivers are in- I terfperfed with all the variety of foil j which conduces to pieafautncfs of iitua- j ciun, and lays the foundation for the wealth of an agricultural and manufac- turing people. Large level bottoms, or natural meadows, from 20 to jo miles in circuit, arc found bordering; the rivers, and variegating the country in the inte- rior parts. Thefe afTord as rich a foil as can be imagined, and may be reduced to proper cultivation with very Iitt!« labour. The prevailing growth of timber, and the fnore ufcful trees, are maple or fogar-trec, fycamore, black and white mulberry, bhck and white walnut, butternut, clicf- O H I nut, white, black, SpaniHi and chefnnt oaks, hickory, cherry, buckwood or horfe rhcfnut, honey-locuu, elm, cucumber tree, gum tree, iron wood, afli, afpin, faiTafras, crab-apple tree, paupaw, or cufhird ap- ple, a variety of plum trees, nine bark i'pice and leather wood bufhes. White and black oak, and chefnut, with mod of the above mentioned timbers, grow large and plenty upon the high grounds. Both the high and low lands prodicc great quantities of natural grapes of various kinds. The fugar maple is the mod val- u.ible tree, for an inland country. The inhabitKnts may be fupplied with a fuf- licicncy of fiigar, by preferving a few trees for the ufe of each family. A tree will yield about ten pounds of fugar a year, and the labour is very trifling. .Springs of excellent water abound in this territory ; and fmall and large dreams, for mills and other purpofes, are atftually inierfperfed, as if by art, that there be no deficiency'in any of the conveniences of life. Very little waAe land it to be found in any part of this tradt of country. There are no fwamps but fuch as may be readily drained, and made into arable and meadow land ; and though the hills .ire fnequcnt, they are gentle, and fwell- ing, no where high or incapable of tillage. They arc of a deep rich foil, covered with a heavy growth of timber, and well adapted to the production of wheat, rye, indigo, tobacco, &c. The hills and mountains itn the £ fide of the Ohio gen- erally increafe iomagnitudeitilltheyunite with the Alleghany, but on the other fide, in the State of Ohio, they decrcafe till the country becomes almoft a dead level. [EUicoit:\ The communication between this country and the fea, will principally be in the 3 following dircAions : i. The route through the Scioto and Muikinguni to Lake Erie, and fo to the river Hudfon. 2. The paifage up the Ohio and Monon* gahela to the portage above mentioned, which leads to the navigable waters of the Patowmack. This portage is 30 miles, and will probably be rendered much le(s by the execution of the plans now on foot for opening the navigation of thofe waters. 3. But the current down the Ohio and Miffifippi, for heavy arti- cles that fuit the Florida and Well In- dia markets, fuch as corn, flour, beef, lum- ber, &c. will be more frequently loaded than any dreams on earth. Thcdiflance from the Scioto to the Miflifippi, is 8co miles ; f»<^m thcuce to tlie fea, is 9C0. This O H I This whole courfe it run in 15 dayt. Vcf- (clt proper for the Weft India trade may be advantagcoufly built on the Ohio, and taken with a cargo, every annual rife of the water*, down to New Orleans, or to 4he Weft India Iflands. The experiment has already been made with fucccfs. ' [FMicott.] Uo country it better ftockcd with wild game. The rivers are well fiorcd with fifli of various kinds, and ma- j ny of them are of an excellent quality. They arc generally large, though of dif- ferent (izes ; the cat-fifli, which is the , largeft, and of a delicious flavour, weighs from 6 to 80 pounds. 'I'he number of •Id forts, found in this weftern country, are the admiration of the curious, and a ' Blatter of much fpeculation. They are nioftly of an oblong form, fituated on ftrongiwell cliofca ground, and contigu- ous to water. When, hy whom, and for what purpofe thefe were thrown up, is ' uncertain. They are undoubtedly very ancient, as there is not the lead viftble difference in the age or fize of the timber ! growing on or within thefe forts, and that which grows without ; and the old- eft natives have loft ull tradition refpe^^ a CA '^^ Alatamal Georgia. Obiejii'mn ',n the State! 'i>n ca. ou o| ^f Salt Rive OLhpyh ^rc about 4(J vJ^ere the rl H I Vidcd by an iiland into two brnnihcf, the fouihcrn of whicli i« about aooyar ties, that a man may gather fcvcr.il ^m!- lons ill a day. The troops fent to jjii.trd the Wcncrn Pofts, halted at this fprinj, collfJftcd fome of the oil, and bathed their jointi with it. This gave then graat relief from the rheumatic cor.i* plaints, with wlych tliey wcie aflliiTlcd. The waters, of which tlic troops dr.inlc freely, operated as a gentle cathartic. Oijftfns Bay,\t near the fouthcru extrem- ity of the iiland of Barbadoes, in the W. Indies. It is formed to the S E by Ken- dal's Point, The bay is well ucfendrd by forts. The town of Oiftins flands on this bay. Olammon Strtatti^ (N. B. Olammon me.^n« red earth or paint, which is fnuud on the banks of the Aream) riles in townfliijk N .^8 of the Lottery Lands, is about xa miles long, and enters the Penobfcot oa its E ilde in townHiip N 3, oppoiltc. 0!J Cape Prancoit forms the N point of EcoflbifeorCofbcckB.iy,ontheN EpartoC the idand of St. Domingo. Ail the Freucli fliips coming from Europe or the Win it. Under lonie of them thcrfl is fafe riding, in from [\i to ci^ht fath- oni"!. Old Mint Cc.'i, ill New Jerfcy, emn- tis5 into Utiaware rivor, a'i>oiit 4 inil«« btlyw i^\\ f ^Hv'lf ^ SJI) '^ 1 1 1 ' /' ■ f ' Ii i 7; H 1 i • » ft* f- '. V: ^h M; wm b! -V i\ r •^'ifrfjH 1 m!' t;-; mm M A M A ! I ! below Penn'ii Neck, and ffparatei the counties of Sairm nnd OloticcHcr. Old Mtit'i fort liei northward of I-im3 River in Piru, S or 9 miUs N of Cada vayllo River. Old Read, a town and hnrbniir in the idund of Antigua, in the W. India*. Old Road Bay, on the S W coaft of the Ifland of St. Chriftophct**, in the W'ttt- Indie*, between clmrch Cut W and Bloody Point E. There ii from 5 fo ij fatlionis near the fliorc, and the lead to- wards the fort. Old Road Tow*, on this l)ay, lies be- tv-cen Bad and Black Rivers, aud is a port of entry. Old Town, or Frank*! Old Toww, on Ju- niatta River. See Franlf own. Old Town, in the State of N. York, on Staten-Ifland, 1 2 miles S W of N.York city Old Town, a fmall poft town of Mary- land, Alleghany co. in lat. 39 30, on the K bank of Patomac river, and W fide of Saw Mill Run ; 14 miles S E of Cum- berland, and 14a W by N of Baltimore. Old Town, N. Carolina, near Bruuf- wick. Old Town, a fmall town of Georgia, on the Ogeeche«i River, 85 miles N W by W of Savannah. OU Town, called Indian Old Town, is •n one of ..he 54 iflands refcrvcd by the Indians for their ufe in Penobfcot. The ifland contains about 200 acres on which is their church and village. Old Town Fallt, or Gnat Folh,{o called in Penobfcot River, about half a mile be- low the Indian Village, on Old Town Mand. Oleoul, a fmall creek which empties in- to the eaft branch of Sufquehannah, 5 milcsNEof the mouth of Unadilda River. Olinda, the chief town of the captain- Ihip of Pernambuco, in Brazil, S.Ameri- ca. It is fometimes called Ptrnambuco, mnd has a good harbour iituatcd north of Cape St. Augufline, and fouth of Para- ibo. It was taken by the Dutch in 16 30, but was retaken by the Portiiguefe. S lat. 8 13, W long. 35 5. Olltros, Point, on the coaft of Peru, is 6 leagues S £ of Quemada Morro, or Hrad- land, and as far N N W of Porto Caval- 16. It is little frequented on account of want of trade, although it is a good harbour in cafe of fqualls from the muun- tains, or from Orong currents fetting vlown from the fea. Omaguat, a tribe of Indians inhabiting tbc baa]|» of tbc river Amazon, and con- verted to Chriflianity tn th* year »6R(C, bv Father Fritz, a SpHnifli miHionary. '1 hcv flat the hind and fure part of the heads of their childn n, which gives them a monftrous apnea tance. They make » j(ft of other nations,.calling them calabafli heads. Omara, a river en the coafl of Brazil, whufe mouth is in lat. 5 S, and long. 36 O W. See Copt Rocque. Omafun, a jurildi(flion in the diocefeof I.a Paz, in Peru. It begins almofl at the gates of the city of la Paz, and extends 20 leagues, being Sounded on the W by the famous lake of Titi Caca. The air of this jurifdi«Slion is fomewhat cold, fd that it produces little grain; but has nume< rous flocks of cattle fed in its paAures ; there isbefides, a very advantageous trade carried on in another jurifdiiflion by the Indians living on the borders of the lake, who are remarkably indudtious in im» proving that advantage. Otnee, a corrupt name for Tht Miami of the Lale ; which fee. The Miami towns on its bank* are called the Omee Towns, or Au-Mi, by the French Ameri*- cans, as a contradlion of Au Miami. Omee Town, one of the Miami Town*, fituated on a plcafant point formed by the jundlion of the rivers Miami and St. Jo- fcph. This town ftood on tlie £ hank of the latter, oppofite the mouth of St. Ma- ry's River, and was denroyed in Ocn> Harmar's expedition, in 1790. OmoaB, a fmall fortified town in the Spanifh Main, at the bottom of the Bay of Honduras, on the S fide, and is within a gulf to the eaftward of Dolce Gulf, into which the river of its name comes from the fouthward. It has a good harbour, which is open to the N W, in which fliips of any burden may ride in perfect fafety. The Britifli admiral, Parker, in conjunc- tion with the people of Honduras, reduced the flrong fort, which is fituated on the E fide of the river, in 1779. The fpoil was imnicnfc, being valued at 3 million] of dollars. The Spaniards in vain offer- ed 300,000 dollars as a ranfom for 2jo quintals of quickiilver; a commodity in- difpcnfably neceflary in working their gold and filver mines. Omptmpanoofuci, a fliort, furious river of Vermont, which empties into the Connec- ticut at Norwich, cppofite to Dartmouth College. Its courfe is S E, its breadth not more than 40 or 50 yards. OnJa. See Vincutt de la Pazcs, Onatbycf or Oiieaicpf an iflaod in thr ?, Pacific ONE ^jcific Ocean. B. Ut. 9 58, \V long. 13? Ovf/ivu', on? of ihc Sandwich Iflandi, in the N< Pacific Oct^an, called »lCo N't!- Ifiihit^v, about 5 or 6 league* to the wefl- Wiird (>f Acoui. There i* anchoriigc all »long the coafl of the ifland. It producci plent/ of yaiiu, and a Tweet root called fee. N 'at. »i 50, W long. 160 15. 0«riV(i, one of the Six Natinni of It\diani, containing 6z8 fouls, who inliAlijt the country S of Oticida Lake, called the Qneida RcfcrVtition. Their principal viU \ige, Kahnonwulohale, it about ao miles S W «)f Whiteftowij. Thefc ltidiaij% for a number of years pad, have been i nder the paftoral care of the Rcv.iyf r. Kirkl»ad, who, with the Rev. Mr. Sarjeant, hnvi: Ixcn chiefly fiipported in their milTion, by the focicty eflabliflicd in Scotland for promoting Chrifliaa knowledge. This pation receives an annuity from the State of Ne\r*york, of 3,jja clollars, for lands nurchafcd of them in 1795, and an annu- ity of about 628 dollars from the United States. With thefc annuities, (which op- crate %% ? difcouragenient to indiifity) together with the corn, beans and pota- toes raifed by the (iauaws, and the fif]i and game caught by the mea, afford them a barely tolerable rubfiftencc. They arc a proiiu nation, and affeA to defpife their neighbours, the Stockhrldge and Brother- ton Indiatis, for their attention to agricul- ture ; but they already begin to feel their dependence on them, and are under a ne- cefllty of purchafing provilions of them. The nation is divided into three tribes, ur flans, by the names of the Wolf, the Bear, apd the Turtle, They have their name from their Pagan Deity, which feme few of the nation Qill worfliip, and which it nothing more th jiiifict the Upright Stone. Formerly this Aone was placed in tlie crotch of a tree, and then the nation fuppofed themfelves invincible. Thefe Indians are all of mix- ed blood ; there hat not been n/iure One- ida for feveral years pafl. OiteiJa Lake is al>out 20 miles W of Old Fort Staawix, State of N. York, and is be- tween %o and 30 miles long, and about 5 miles wide. It is conneiEled with Lake Ontario on the W by Ofwego River, and with Fort Stanwix by Wood Creek, j Oneiia, a county of N. York, bounded j N E and E by Hcrkemer co. S E by Otfe- go CO. S. by Oneid) Lake and Chenango | O N CO. W by Lake Ontario. It I4 well m- tcrcd. The foil it fertile. Inhabitants 11,047. Qtiimick Point is the S W point 'of the continent of North America, on the N W coafV, and the S liinit of Hiiflol Bay. Pt is 8a leagues S .S W of Cape Ncwcnham, or the N point oftli.it extenlive b.iy ; and in lat. 54 30 N, and long. 163 30 W. 0-Nimamiu, a liarhour on the S E coafl of Ulietea, one of the Society Ifland^t, in the S. Pacific Ocean. It is N E of Oiietu- na Harbour, on the fame co.nfl. Onion Cjfc, on the S W lleJc of New. fnundland Ifland, is .ibont 4 Iragues W of Qiiirpon Ifland. or the northern point of that extent'ivc ffl.md. Onion Rivir, in the State of Vermont, formerly called Frnnh Rlv.-r, and by tlic Indians IVinonJii, rifcs in Cibot, about 14 miles Wof Connc<5\icnt Uivcr, and is nav- igable for fmaU veil'clj 5 miles from its mouth, in t,a\fc Champlain, between the towiis' of Burlington and ColchcOcr ; and for boats between its feveral falls. It is one of the fi Rftftrcams in Vermont, and runs through a mofl fertile country, the produce of which for feveral miles on each fide of the river, is brought down t« the lake at Burlington. It is from to to 30 rods wide, to the lower falls, and 15 ot 20 rods, 40 milc4 from its mouth, and itt defcent in thisdillance it 17a feet, which is about 4 feet to tlic mile. Between Bur- lington and Colrhcftcr, this river h.is worn through a folid ro^kof lime ftone, wricU in fome time of remote antiquity mull have formed st this plnce a prodigious catarav't. The chafm is between 70 and 80 feet in depth at low water, and in one place 70 feet from rock to riKk, where a wooden bridge is thrown acrofs. At Bolton there is a chafm of the fiime kind, but fomewhat wider, and the rock is at leaft 130 feet in height. From one tide feveral rocks have fallcji acrofs the river, in fuch a manner as to form a natural bridge at low water, but in a Itluation to be an ob- jeifl of curiofity only. It was al(jng this river that the Indians formerly travelled from Canada, when they made their at- tacks OB the frontier fettlcments on Con* nedticut River. Onjndago Caflle, on the Onondago Ref- ervation Lands, N. York, is aj miles S \f of Oneida Caftle. Onondago, or SjU J.nle. in the State of N. York, is about U miles ]on(> and a mile broad, and feuds its waters to Seneca River, Itt fjiltucri is uccaQuucd I'v ^' .■. ■ ■•-liilt .. i m\ ,! -^i''. !: t!i;! 1 1, O N 5 G N Z f^lt fpringi a few rods from Its brinks. Tliefe fpring* arc capable of producing immcnfc quantities of fait, and are in the bratc Refcrvation, and a great benefit to tlic country, every part of which is fo united by lakes and rivers as to render the fupply of this bulky and aecefTary ;irtick very eafy. Sec Salina, Ononilagty a river of New York, which rifes in the Oneida Lake, and runs weft- vardly into Lake Ontario at Ofwega It is boatable from its mouth to the head of the lake, 74 miles, except a Call which uccaGons a portage cf ao yards, thence batteaux go up Wood Creek almoft to l^ort Stanwix, 40 miles, whence there is a portage of a mile to Mohawk River, toward the head of this river, faimon arc caught in great numbers. VBBitdugo, a county of New York State, conllfting of military lands divided into 9 lownlhips. The county is bounded W by Ontario co. and N by Lake Ontario, the Onondago River, and Oneida Lake. The county courts arc held in the village of Aurora, in the townfhip of Scipio. 'ihis county is admirably fituated for in- land navigation, being interfered by the two navigable rivers Seneca and Ofwego, having belides five lakes and a nnmbcr of creeks. For an account of the refervcd lands, fee Mililowy Tvwnjhifi, The in- habitants are 7406, O/ienJijgo, a port town and formerly the chief town of the Six Nations, fitu> ated in a very plcafant and fruitful coun- try, on the S end of the lake of the name, and connfted of 5 fmall towns or villages. Onondagoes, a tribe of Indians who live near Onondago Lake. About 20 years lincc, they could furnifli 260 warriors. In 17 79, a regiment of men was fcnt from Albany, by Gen. I. Clinton, who furprifed the town of this tribe, took 33 prifotiers, killed nor 14, and returned without the lofs if a man* A pare of the Indians were then ravaging the American fron- tiers. This nation, which now conndk of 450 fouls, receives annually from the State of New Yorlc, a,000 dollars; and from the United States about 450 dol- lars. Onjloiv, a maritime county of Wilming- ton diftridl, N. Carolina, W of Cape Look- nut. It contains 5,474 inhabitants, inclu- ding i,7J7 flavcs. Chief town, Swanf- borough. Oijhiv, a townfliip of Nova Scotia, Halitax co. at the head of the Balin of Xiiuas, 3 J miles N £ of Wiadfor, and 46 N liy W of Halifax. It was fettled by emigrants from New England. Onlatio, one of that grand chain of lakes which divide the United States from U. Canada. It is fituated between lat. 4.^ 15 and 44 N, and long. 76 30 and 80 W. Us form is nearly elliptical ; its greateft length is from S W to N E, and its cir- cumference about 600 miles. Thedivitlon line between the State of New York and Canada, on the N paiTes through this lake, and leaves within the United States 9,390,000 acres of the water of L. Ontario, according to the calculation of Mr. (Tutchins. It abounds with fi{l\ of an excellent flavour, among which are the Ofwego bafs, weighing 3 or 4 pounds. Its banks in many places are fteep, and the fouthcrn fhore is covered principally with beech trees, and the lands appear good. It coromunicalCB with Lake Eric by the river Niagara. Ic receives the waters of Genncflce River from the S, and of Onondago, at Fort Ofwego, from the S E, by which it communicates through Oneida Lake, and Wood Creek, with the Mohawk River. On the N £ this lake difcharges itfelf into the river CataraquI, (which at Montreal takes the name of St. Lawrence) into the Atlantic Ocean. It is aflcrted that thefe lakes fill once in 7 years ; but the faA is doubted. The ifl- ands aie all at the caftcrn end, the chief of which are Wolf, Amhcrft, Gage, and Howe Iflands. O/ilarig, a large, fertile county of New York, bounded N by the lake of it^ name, W by the Genncflce River, S by Steuben county. It is well watered bv Gcnntfl'eP R. its tributaries, and a number of fnialt lakes. Cauandarquaisthc chief town, fit- uated at the N W corner of Canandarqua Lake, ij miles W of Geneva, and 30 NE of Willianifljurg. This county contains 11,584 inhabitants, ol whom 57 are flavcs. Ontario County, in U. CunadH, confifls of the following illandsr-^an ifhnd at prcf- ent known by the name of Tonti, (called Amherfl Ifiand) an illand known by the name of Iflc au Foret, (called Gage ift- and) an ill.ind known by the name of Grand Ifle, (called Wolfe' Illand) and an ifland known by the name of Ifle Couch- ois, (called Howe Hland) and compre- hends all the iflanOii between the mouth of the Garoqui, to the cafternmoft extrem- ity of the late towniliip of Maryfb^rgh, calltd Point Ple.-^fant. Smylb. Ontariu fort, fc; 0/-avgo. Oi,siitt, a cape or '^v\nt «a the N coaft •f Brazil forming t River; tl fidcofthi «E by E Onaliijht tween the chatka. ' of civility They clotl in the fam. of fowls, i to them, il They cat r and even f formed by kers, tailoi alfo make n and bcautii favagcs, wit out laws Ol impiilfe of t ly barter t commoditic! harbours, ti one Is a hot but fertile. Jong- 187 60 Oprclon Cr of Patowmac Ojips, a V Pcnnfylvania Ogitago, in " a port ofiic ton. Or, Cape d' on the N fit Some fmall p found here. Ota Cabeca . andof Jamait Jfrong fort on ^; at both t age for large Oranai, or j Iflands in the , from Mowec. 46 N, and bn' Orang', Key, >n the Weft In 79 37. Orange, a m.iica, E N E Ije within land Town, Alfo a '^'me ifland, be I^orth Ncgril J Orange, a cat <^"'cr, S E of ( *0| \Y Jong. JO O R A •f Brazil, oppoGte to Cape St. LaTrrcnce, forming together the points of Laguariba River ; the latter cape being on the W fide of the river. Tlie river is to leagues S E by £ of Buhia Baxa. Onalujhka, cr Unahifiko, an ifland be- t\veen the coafl of America and Kamf' cLatka. The inhabitants have a degree of civility not common among lavages. They clothe thcmfclve* like other peopU in the fame ftate of fociety, with the iTcins of fowls, &c. wearing the feathers next to them, the fkins being neatly drelTcd. They cat raw fi(h, birds, roots, berries, and even fea-wccd. All fewing is per- formed by the females, who arc fliocma- kers, tailors, and boat builders. They alfo make m%ts and baflcetii of grafs, flrong and beautiful. But they are a race of favagcs, without religion or morals, with- out laws or government, following the imptilfc of the moment. They frequent- ly barter their children and wives for commodities needed. It has fcvcral good harbours, two burning mountains, near one Is a hot fpring. The land is rocky but fertile. Fifli and fowls are plenty ; long. 187 60 W.lat. 53 29 N. Alavur. Offcion Creek, fn Virginia, a S W water of Patowmac River. Ofps, 3 village in Northampton co. Pennfylvania, 6 miles S E of Bethlehem. Oguago, in Tioga co. New York. Here Is a poft office, 407 milts from Wafliing- ton. Or, Cape iT, in Nova Scotia, is fitu^ted on the N fide of the Bafm of Mina?. Some fmall pieces of coj)per have bctii found here. Ota Cabeca Bay, on the N fide of the ifl- and of Jamaica, in the Welt Indies, has a ftrong fort on the E fide, and Salt Gut W; at both thcfe places is good anclior- age for large vefl'eis. Oranai, or Rano', one of the Sandwich Iflands in the N. Pacific Ocean, 9 miles from Mowee. The point S is in lat. 20 46 N, and long. >56 .^3 W. Orangs Key, one of the B.ihama Iflands in the Weft Indies. N lat. 'i4 28, W long. 79 ,17. Orange, a bay on the N E ''oafl of Ja- Tn.iica, E N E of the high mountnin, a lit- tle witliin land, uiuler which isCrawford's Town. Alfo a bay at the N W end of the lime idand, between Green Ifland N and North Ncgril harbour S or S W. Orange, a cape, the E point of Oyapok River, S E of C?yttiiic Uland, N. \iX. eo, vifible 60 miles diftant. It became volcanic in 1545, and fo continued for 7)0 years. There are many volcanoes in this province. Orleant, the middle Of the 3 northern counties of Vermont. A part of Lake Memphremagog proje«!U into the north- frn part of it from Canad (where the river has its fource) every year about the month of April ; ancoaft, and 45 S E of Baldivia. The adjacent coun- try is unfruitftil, but very rich in gold mines, whicii renders the place very pop- ulous. S lat. 40 30, W long. 7 1 JO. OJabatv Sound und Ifland, on the coafl -tjf Georgia, The found opens between VVafTaw Klandon the N and Olfabaw Ifl- and on the S, and leads into the river Ogeechee; CJfapee, dr Ofafy, a pod town, moun* tain, and pond, in N. Hampfhire, Straf- ford CO. near the E line of the State. The town was incotpor'ated in 1785, and has 804 inhabitants. The lake lies N C of Winnipiferigee Lake, between which and OHapee Lake is' Offapee Mouatun, It» waters run E, and, joined by South Riv- er, form Greai OJfipei River, which emp- ties into Saco River, near the divilion line between York and Cumberland counties, ' in Maine, between Limerick and Gor- ham. Offnolian, or AJJcntbnyne Indiant, a tribe found about the fonrce of OiTnobian or AfTencboyne River, far Wof Lake Supe- rior. They are faid by the Moravian miilionaries to live wholly on animal • food, or at leaft to confine themfelves to the fpontaneous productions of nature, , giving thofe who dig the ground the ap- pellation ofjlaves. Bread is unknown ru ' them. A traveller, who lived fome .-nonths in their country, offered to fome a few remnants of bread, which they chewed and fpit out again, calling it rot- ■ ten wood. Thele Indians, as well as thofe numerous nations who inhabit the coun- try from Lake Superior, towards the Sliining Mountains, are great admirers of the heft hunting-horfes, in which the ' country abounds. The horfes prepared by them for hunters, have large holes cut ' auove their nat>iral noftrils, which they , lay makes them longer winded than oth- ers not thus prepared. The Oli'nobian* ; have no permanent place of abode, but live wholly in tents made of buffaloeand otlicr hides, with which they travel fionx one place tj aaether, like the Arabs ; ' «nd \\M \ «■'■■! '11 ;.tH \^ II OTA auA a'- foon as llic Food for tlicir horfcs i* tjptncicd, they remove, and j>itv.li their tent* in another fertile fpot •, aiifl to on ront!nual)y, fcarctly ever returning to the fame Ipots again. OJlico, a fmall lake in OnoiuLigo co. N. Tfork, partly in the S E cornratcfjie Hirjer, runs a N wcftcrly courfe from its fource into St. Lawrence CO. N. York; it then bends S, and then N and N E ahout 25 miles, and then turns and purfue* a weflcrly courfe, by the northern part of the lake of its name, the waters of which it receives, and then runs J miles N W into the St. Lawrence. The ]ake of this name is about 1 8 miles long, faom S W to N £, and fends its waters north- eaftward into the river of its name. It is about 10 miles N E of The Tho>j- fand Lakes, near the entrance into Lake Ontario. q/kfrgatcluei, an Indian tribe reading at Swagatchcy,on the river Sr..La\vreiKe, in Canada. They could furnifli about XOO warriors, 30 years ago. Ofuiego, a navigable river of N. York, which conveys the waters of Oneida and a number of fmall lakes, into Lake Onta- rio. It is more commonly called OnenJa' go. i which fee. Ofu/ego, a fortrefa fituated on the E fide ofithe mouth of the above river, and S E fide of Lake Ontario, in lat. 43 40 N^and long. 75 43 W. It was taken by the Britifli from the French in 1756, and con- £imed to thtm by the peace of 1763. It was delivered up to the United btates July 14,1796. It is about 150 or j 60 miles £ by N ot Niagara. Here ia a poll ofiice. Ofivego Creei, Great, in the CO. of Lin- coln, U. Canada, runs into ihc rivet Wtl- land, above the Little Ofwego Creek near the N W part of the towuihip ot Wain- fleet, Otiriah,K JMrifdi«Etion in the province ©f Qiiito, joined on tiie S to that of San iVligiiel de Ibarra. The lands are laid out in plantations, and produce great quantities of fugar. The Indian* in the ,villaj;es, ii» atlo tbofe wbo are iiuJcpen* OTA dent, manufa«5lure great variety of eirt- ton% viz. carpets, pavilions for b«ds,qnilt« in damafk work, wholly of cotton, either white, blue, or variegated with diiTcrenr colours; all which are highly valued, both in the province of Quito and Peru, where they are dilpofed of to great ad- vantage. The wheat and barley here, ir fo>rcd like Indian corn, in little holes, a^ foot diftant from cachother, putting 5 or 6 corns into each ; and they generally reap above an hundred fold. The coun* try U remarkably fertile, and targe quao- titles of chcefe vcmade. Otahulo, the principal village of the above jurifdiftion, is large and populous, and is faid to contain xiS.ooo or 20,000 fouls. Among them u a conflderable number of Spaniards. OtahayOnc of the Society Iflands in the ^ S. Pacific Ocean, whofc north end i» in lat. 16 a fimth,. and long, iji 10 weft. It has two good harbours. See Obamtnt and Oherurua, Otahe'ite, the Santatia of Qiiiros, whff fird difcovercd it m 1606, one of the So- ciety Illands in the South Sea. It wat firft vifited by Capt. Wallis in 1767, and afterwards by Capt. Cook and other cir- cumnavigators. It confiQs of % peninfu- las, which are connedled by a low neck of land, i^ut % miles over ; the circum- ference of both peninfulas is fomewhat more than 90. miles. The whole iiland is furrounded by a reef of coral rocks, within, which the fliore forms fcveral ex- cellent bays and harbours, where there is room- and depth of water fot any number of the largeft fhips. The face of the country, except that part of it which bor- ders upon the fca, is very uneven ; it rifcs in ridges that run up into the mid- dle of the ifland, and there form moun- tains, that may be fcen at the diftance of 60 miles. Between thcfe ridges and the fea is a border of low land extending: along all the coad, except iu a few placet, where the ridgts rife dirtdlly from the fta. This border is of diiTcrent breadths, but no where more than a mile and a h. It is fo copious, that for the bread-fruit s . "ey have above twenty names. A, (o this, that befldeB the common dia- lect, they often cxpoHulate in a kind of Clauza or recitative. The two peninl°>i!as arc but one kingdom. The number of inhabitants, in 1774, was cdimated by Ciipt. Cook at 304,000. The power and ftrength of this and the neighbouring iil- auds lie entirely in their navies ; and lU their decilivc battles are fought on the water. Otaiicite alone is fuppofed able to fend out 1 7 ao war canoes, and 68,coo able men. The chief of each diflriiit fiiperintends the equipping of the (leet in that diftrict ; but (hey mud all pufs in review before the king, fo that he know* the (late of the whole belure they aiFcm- ble to go on fervice. It is faid that when a bone is fo fltattercd that a piece is mitr- ing, they infert a piece of wood between the fra<5iurcd ends, which heak over in a few days. Women arc not allowed to eat with the men. The man is at full liberty to leave his wife till fhe becomes a moth- er ; then he may, if he will, deflroy the child. If the child be preferved they feld(mi part, but the man may take anoth- er wi'e. Different deities are worfliip- ped in dilTerent parts of the ifland. If they fee others more profperou* than thcmfelves, they adopt their gods and re- jedl their own. They believe the foul immortal, but have not dillindt ideas of rewards and punithments. Though they are the rood; friendly and amiable pagans in the world, human facrifices are com- mon. To atone for their fins, they mur- der their neigjibours, offer them to their gods, and leave their bones on the fand. i'he London Miffionary Society, in the fpirit of clieir Divine Mafter, have fent a number of miffionaries to this ifland, to St. Chrilliana and Fongataboo. Otaheite is in lat. iB S, long. 150 W. Oiukootai, a fmall itland in the S. Pao citic Ocean, 4 leagues from Wateeoo, and about 3 miles, iu circuit. S lat. 19 15, W long. 158 23. Otcbier, a bay on the N coaft of S. America, to the W oi the river Urano, and i£ uf Cape CalUcro. ^ Otcavattofaoi !. ■>:' ;-; i ■; r 1": It ■ . '^: ■ . 1 •J^ii ■''■''^ '■« ' mmR ''^^B ''■- ^B m ja| H I T T 9ttavitneeea, a large and fpacinuA har- bour and bay on the S W anil of the i/land of Bolabola, one of the Society Ifl- ands. K lat. i6 30, W long. T51 4 %. Otiafelrf, a town in Cuit. i-miuI co. ^■TMinc, E i)f Briilpetown. A flrcani trcm 5ojiRO FoMd pafl'cs thiouph tlie wcflerly put of this town, on its way 10 Stliago. It IS v*;y free of ragged hills and moun- tains, i'he greatcft part of it alTords a growth of beech, maple, afli, bafs, and birch, and is good laud. It contains 450 iDhahitanti. Otogimlei, an Indian nation in the IJ. "W. Territory, who inhabit betwttn the Xake of the Woods and MilEfippi River. Warriors 300. O/07M,an' idandon the Wcoaft of New- Mexico, in theB«yof Panama, 17 leagues S of the city of that name, from vhcnce it is fupplicd with provirioos. M lat. 7 50, NV long. 81 10. ■ •• ■ . Otfegoy a cbunty of N. Vork, on the S fide of Mohawk River. It has Hcrlce- mer co, N, Schoharie £, Delaware S, and Chenango W. The h' d 'waters of Suf- quehahnah, and thf* okquago branch of Delaware, iritetfeifi is county. Here are alfo the lakes Ocfcgp and Caiiiadera- ^1 which fend their waters, in an united :^eam, to the Sufquchannah.' It has 1788 inhabitants. In 1791, when this coUnty «vas but thinly fettled, as ifnany as 300 chefts of maple fugar were manufaiflured here, 40olbs. each. The courts are held at Cooperftown, in the' townfliip of Ot- fego. • ■■ . ~ OtftgOy a townfhip and lake, in the county above defcribed. 'The' townfliip was taken from Unadilla, and incorporat- ed in 1796. Qn the £ the townfliip en- clofesLakeOtfego,which ftparatts it from Cherry Valley. This lake is the bead of the Sufquehanhah Rivei*, 2ind is about 9 tniles long, and a little more than a mile ■wide. The lands on its banks are Very good, and the cultivation of it eafy. It contaiils 4,244 inhabitants. ' ' OUaivas, an Indian nation who inhabit the'E fide of I/ake Michigan, 21 miles from Mich^llimackinack, in Wayne coun- ty or Territory. Their hunting grounds lie between Lakes Michigan aiid Huron. They could fnmifli ano warriors 30 years ago. A tribe of thefc alfo lived near St. Jofcph's, and had ijo warriors. Anoth- er tribe lived with the Cliippewas, on Sa- guinam Bay, who together "could raifc ico warriors. Two oi thcfe tril)C8 lately ftofttle, fignefi the treaty of peace with O U A the United States, at Greenville, Augult .?d, 179J. In confequcnce of land* ceded bv ihem to the United State;, govern- ment !ias .igreed to pay them in goods, icno di)l'ars a ye^r, forever. Qttaiva, or Grand Jii-vcr, See Grand Rivrr, Otirr liny, ou the S coiifl of the iflaiid of NfiiToiindlaiid, i3 betwefu Bear and Swift Bays, .nnd near C.ipc Raye. Otter Ctffi, called by the French Rivieie a Lottis, a river of Vermont, which rifcs in Bio-nlf y, and purfutng'a ftorthern di- re(fticii about 90 milts, empties info Lake Chainplain at Fen ifburg; and in its courfc receives about 15 fmall tributary flream«. In it are large fa'.l? at Rutland, V'ttsford, Middlcbtiry, ajid Verjjennes. Between the falls the waier is deep and navigable for the largeft boats." Veflels of any bur- den may go up to the falls at Vergennesj, 5 miles from its nioufh. The head of this river is not more than 30 feet ft-oni Batten Kill, which luns in a contrary di- rection, 'and falls into Hudfon's River. Its mouth is 3 miles N of Bafon Harbmir^ " Otter Creei, a fmall dream which emp- ties into Kentucky River, £ of Boouf- borough. - ~ I - - ' Otters UtaJ, a remarkable high rock, on the N fliore of Lake Superior, W of the river Rouge, Upper Canada. ' ' Otter Stream^ a branch Of Great Work* River, both which by innc molith of 10 rods, unite and fall into Penobfcot ou its £ fide^ oppolite Marfli Ifland, about two niiles beloW the Great Falls, aud 10 above the head of the tide. ' ,•■■'■'■■ ^ ' Ouabajh. See IVaL^Jb Ifhier. Ouais's Bay sad Xivrr, are about two leagues round the N point of the ifland of Cape Breton, iu the Gulf of St. Law-' rcncc. ■ Otianaminthe, a French parifli and vil- lage on the N fide of the illand of St, Domingo, five leagues S E of Fort Dau- phin. • Ouaguapienci^atv, or Elatifanoia, or Oter- fonole, is a lake or rather marfli, between Flint and Oakmulgee Rivers, in Georgia, faid to be nearly 300 miles in circumfe- rence. In wet feafons it appears like an inland fea, and has feveral large iflands of rich land ', one of which the prefent gen- eration of Cicek Indians reprefent as the. moft blifsfnl fpot on earth. They fay it is inhabited by a peculiar race of In- dians, whole women are incomparably beautiful. They tell that this tcrrcflrial paradife has been fttn by fome cnterpri- ilnj hunters, when in purfuit of their ganir, fame, wJ fwamps a periJliing, k coiiipai; they call )cindly ga\ had with i'orn cakes »ly for Ikft caufe theii cruel to I that thcfe I'cttlcments of an iflant all their ^n were invoh iike enchar cd they hac fly hcfiire i delufive put ty eflecled ; ftory concirr which fccm! thatthcinha fugitive fchi WJiocfcaped dctifiVc bati Creeks, (whc nearly exter peopfc) and I and fecure fi conquerors. al7i, in I 58 W. ' This v^ 'I'hus far the \ fi'lcs from ics Jig three feet . been difcovtrec ^ii'Jiaus 4rc t!ic •^ GUI fame, who, being loft in inextricablr fwanips and bogs , and on the point of pcrilliinji;, wtrt uncxpecTlcdly relieved by k coiiipanv of beautiful women, vvhuni they call DaughtcrH of the Sun, who )(iudly gave them i'uch provitions a} tliey had with them, conPifting of fruit and Mi9»;» are yet but little known, but arc certain- ly much Icfs than have generally been luppofcd." ' Ellicntt. ' Ouafioio Mountains arc fituated N W of the l^aurel Mountains in North Carolina and Virginia. They are 50 or 60 miles Tvide'at the Gap, and 450 in length, N E and S W." They abound in c6al," lim'c iflid free-ftont. Their fummits are gen- fally cuvci-ed with good foil, and a varie- ty of timber, and the interval lands are ivell watered. ' 0«f/Saj, a town on thecoaflof CoftaRica, nn the N.PacificQcean, and S of Carthago. Ouiatdnon, a fmall ftockaded fort in the Indiana Territory, on the W fide of the Waiialh, in lat. 40 38 N, and long. 87 58 W. This was formerly a French poll. Thus far the Wabafli is navigable, 412 miles from its mouth, for batteaux dra vy- ing three feet water. A filvcf mine has been difcovercd here. The neighbouring l^diaiu arc t!xc Kickapuos, MulquitoUb, O V E PyankifliAvvs, and ^ principal part of the Ouiatannt'.s. U'hc whole of thefe triliei could fumiih, about .^o years ago, icoo warriors. 'I'he fertility of foil, and divtr- fity of timber, in this country arc the ruine as in the vicinity of Poft .st. Vinceiitles. Ouineojke, Or Steliarne Hay, on tllcE fide of Lake Chapplain, lets up rouihcafteily through the tiiwn of Eurliugton in Ver- mont, into the northern part ol ^hilburnc. Ouifcatiftnr^, a pas'igablc fiver of the N. W. 'i'crritory, which empties into the Minifippi in lat. 43 ."j^, and 100(1.94 X; where 'are villajjcs' of the Sack and Fux trihes of IndianSv This tivcr has a com- munication with Fox River, w|iich, paf- ling through Winnebago Lake, enters Pu- an Bay in 'LitiiLtt Michigan. JJetween the two rivers there is a pottage of only three miles. On this river and its hi'ancluM refidc the Indians of its name. ^V^f riPf*' 300. "■' ' . Oltoul Creek empties into the Snfqne- hannah River, in the townfliip of Sidney, Delaware co. New York. Oufe, (formerly the Grand River) rifts in the country belonging to the Chippe- wa and MiiTalTaga Iiidians, and running foutherly, through the W riding of the coinuy of Yx)rk, crcfles Dundas Street, and paflTiiij; between the counties of Lin- coln and Norfolk, difcnibogues itfelf into Lake Erie, about half way between the. North Foreland and Fort Eric. The bar at the in\)uth of this river has from 7 to' 9 feet water; it is about a cable and a half in length from the mouth of the riv- er to the middle of the bar. It is naviga- ble many miles up for fmall velTels, and a conliderable diflance for boats. About 40 miles up this river is the Mohawk Village. Tiie Senec.^s, Onondagocs, Cav- ugas, Augagas, Delawares, and Miflafla- gas, have alio villages on different jjai ts of this river ; exclufive of which there is a numerous flragjling fettlement of In- dians from the vicinity of the Mohawk V'llage.to within a few milts of the mt fmail branches which un^te and empty tlirough the N bank of the £ branch of Sufquehannah lliver,abuuc lii xnilcs W of Chenango River. Ouyattijla Bay and Jiivtr, on the coafl of Efquimaux, or N fliorc of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, is to the wfpllwatd of Natch- c^uoin River. ' Owl/arree, a harbour on th** northern part of the W coaft of Houaheine, one of the Society Iflands, aj leagues N W by W of Orahcite Iflaud. S Tat. 16 44, W long, iji 8. Uiubybee, one of the largcft of the Sand- wich Iflands, is about 500 miles in cir- ' cumftrtncej between i8 jo and ao 16 \ N lac. and between 203 48 and aoj 7 £ ; long, from Greenwich. The extcnlive ; mountain, named Mouna Roa, on the S E part of the idand, is i6,ozo feet high. It confifls of three peaks which a^e per- petually covered with fnow, though with- in the tropics, that aie viGblc 40 leagues out at fca. On the wefteiA fide is the bay of Kara-kooi. It has the fame pro- dutStions at the Society and Friendly Ifl- ands, and about 150,000 inhabitants, who are naturally mild, friendly and hofpita- bic to Grangers. The fca abounds with a great variety of excellent fifli. The celebrated navigator Capt. James Cook, loft his life here, by an unfortunate and momentary jealoufy of the natives. The natives of this ifland have made a for- ma! ceQlon of it to the king of G. Britain. Oivl'i Head, a head land on the W fide of Pcnobfcot Bay, in Maine. It has a ^oud b:>rbour on the larboaid h^ad as O Y S yon go to th« cadtvard. Th< harbour makes with a deep cove; has 4 fathoms water, and a muddy bottom, It is open to the E, to N, and E N E winds ; but in all ofhcr wir.ds you are fafe. The tide of flood fcts tu the eaflward, and the tide of ebb S W through the Mufcle Ridges. Oxiowy Grut, a bend of the river Con- nedlicut, about the middle of the town'* (hip of Newbury, in Vermont; which fee. It contains 450 acres of th« finely meadow land in New England. Qx/atd, a townfliip in WorcelVer co. Maflachufetti. It contains 1,237 inhab* itants ( is ij miles fouthwardo( Worccfi ter, and 54 S W of Bofton. Oi^ord, a village in Briftol co, Mafias chufctti ; fee Art* Bedford. Oxford, a town in the northern part oi Derby in ConnciSlicut, 17 miles N AVof N. Haven, It has 1,400 inhabitants. Oxford, a pod town of New York, iq Chenango co. between Jericho and Nor- wich, It was incorporated in 1793* Hero is an incorporated academy. U hat lA^S inhabitants. Oxfurdi a townfliip of N. Jcrfey, in SuF< fcs CO.. on the E bank of Delaware River, 15 or ao miles N Eof Eafton in Peouf^U vania. In 1790, it contained 1,90^ lOo habitants. Oxford, a townfliip of rennfylvania, Philadelphia co. having 1,518 inhabitants . Oxford Toionfhip, in Grenvillc co. U, Canada, lict in the rear, and to the north- ward of the townfliipt of Edwardfburglx and Augufta,,»od it watered by the Ra.> deau. Qrford, the T»xvnfi,ip «/", upon Thames, in the i/eflern diOridt, U. Canada, lies to the fouthward of I)undat Street, where the wcftern end of that road meets tho Upper Forks of the river Thames. Oxford, a town in N. Hamplhire, Graf- ton CO. containing 98S inhabitant^ Oxford, Upper, a town in Chcfter ca Pemifylvania, having 6ao inhabitants. Oxford, Lo-wer, a town in the above co, having 527 inhabitants. Oxford, a port of entry, on the eaflern fliore of Chefapeak Bay, in Talbot co« Its exports in 1794, amounted to 6,956 dollars. It is 13 miles S by W of Eallou, and about 48 S £ of Baltimore. Oxford, a fmall port town of N. Caroli- na, 36 miles from Hilllboro\igh, and about 416 from Philadelphia. U-(/ier Boy, a townfliip of N. York, fit* uate-d in Queen's co. Long Ifland, extend., ing flora tke Sound Sj to the Atlantic Oceaa, ^ O Z A Ccean, ami inchulcji Llord's Nrck, or I Quftn'i Villiij'c, an«l Hog litand. It con- . tains 4,548 inhabitants; of whom 134 are flavcs. i Oyfler Buy, a harboiir for fmall vefTcIs, in the S W limits of tlie townof B^rnOa- ble, M-iiTarhufrttB ; tvhich fee. It affords excellent tk>n with the main (beam at Kelton's Point. O-yoH^-^vongeyi, on Lake Ontario, at Johtifon's Landing Place, about 4 miles cadward of Fort Niagara. Osama, one of the largeft rivers of the ifland of St. Domingo, in the W. Indies, and on which the city of St. Dormingn is fituated. It is navigable 9 or 10 leagues from S to N. One may judge of the enor- mous volume of w.iter which the conflu- ent dream of Habella and Ozama fends to the fea, by the red colour it gives it in the time of the floods, and which is per- ceivable as far as the eye can didinguilli. There is a rock at the mouth, which pre- vents the entrance of vcffels drav.inir more than 18 or 30 feet of water. The river for a leagiK is 24 feet deep ; and its banks are 20 feet perpendicular, but N of the city this height is reduced to 4 feet. This real natural bafon has a bot- tom of mud or foft fand, with a number of careening places. It fcldom overflows its banks, except in very extraordinary inundations. The road before he nouth of the Ozama is very indifTcrent, and lic;« expofed from W S W to E. It is impof- Cble to anchor in it in the time of the S wiuds, and the N winds drive the vcf- fels from their moorings out into the fea, which here runs extremely high See Domingo City. The mouth of the river is in lat. i'& 18 N, and long, from f \c p. .>». / A BIO, St. a lake in the jiirifdiiftioB, of Ofabalo, in the province ct Quito, 5 leagues in length, and aliout half a league in breadth. The hike ii every where furrounded with a fpccicf of ruiiies call- ed Totoral, among which are vaft num- bers of wild gecle and galarcttci. It! waters empty into the Rio Blanco. Pa/ilo, St. a village on the above lake, inhabited principally by Indians. Pailo, Si. a town on the S coaft of the inhmus of Darien, in the province of Ve- ragu:i, S. America. Pa6o, the Micmac name of a river, on the northern fide of Chaleur Bay, about 6 leagues from Grande Riviere, W N W of Cape Defpair. Pjceeii made from Providence to' Coniieiflicut, a dil- tance of about »b miles tbruu^' Johnl- ton, Scituate and Coventry, .t(x meet the turnpike roads from Norwich, I^^rt- tord and Ncw-Havcn. The road, which wiis very rocky and difficult to pafs with. cairiages, is now rendered tolerable. For A turnpike however, it has been fhame- fully ui^'.Li^ed by the proprietors. SheJf • ^ Sij. W w (whitbflioulj be W w w) follows inimediately after thisrkialf fliect:' '^ ifiet/f Tftand lAahi XT r »749. in Beaver Tail^TC'; "? ^'''^''^ ''n 5-rctBa/:n?,[t^„;"-«'-Na.a- ^Jic ground the iJ„i V i ^ Ntwpojt. «n i. abou" ,, ^et fh ''""f' "and, up- 'he fca at hlih £"r T "'^''"rf^.cc Sf 'Vhc top orotic S,,7,7„ ^ fi'°""d which is a Mllcrv/n7 • l"^** ^^^^' ""ound 'he lantcrnfS; ;. .*'""" '''« ^^^''d, »"d 8 feet d£ ' H;i"h w ''^' ^'Sh. W'd chance »-» rT- . ^" '*'^'" "' »ulj •heSw^:;;'ci':fr"T°'^-'"of N. Carolina °^^"P'= ^ "' nver. in Monde. SeeJ?„„^,. fide of Hudfon'l r- '**'^" *^°' "" 'he E N of N. York .?„ ^""ghkecpBc ; loj !"hHl,itant, Of S X '*""""'"' *°'* " bounded S by c JnTo^ . TJ^''' »' •nan. A Vcrv^cun'r., ' '"'' ^ ''^ B«k- Jatelydifeovcreda .n."''"" *"" I'"" called by the ind;fP"o'" *''"'»«'". ^«'^V^ cjj; '"''''"'• Scpafcot. See Spattuae°edo^'fSa,r/''^''" "^ ^"'^ g»a. J miles from Sr" 'I! ^'*^'*'-''- g^od harbour S i. ^ '',! r'''"*^ " » '"fonof marfl.. • '* """holcfomc by «o mile, W off eo'"''i%^'^'°'"'y- " » »Sua. Nlat.zV»c'w"lo^«''^''^^'"- «^ift-a,froSwhiSTht'.^r'"''°'"^ ." miles to lake OnV. • * P?"'S^ of "^^'^ by the river t"'" '. " ''"charges °^'hebV;47;J«ne..„toeheheld *'^^. C^ron H /x/?""' «'-c held. JP<""t ufed to be omitr^" • ." "'-"^^ "«■ ^■'Pacen»-„g,y S"^.^ '" "«= French r^ their privilcW Sn? '''^' .*''*^ ''"""ds I'd from hence^norH "!• *''"^'' '"^"d- (CapeBonavifb """'^^^"'•''' and round to I" «» bet,v«i MnT '^ anchorage with- pile Wood °'""' ''^^'- a«d Two \oi, I '*'^° ^'^"'n 0"^go townlhip, and I Wvr ^ is:::"'' '" '^''- '» »«« '^o^ ia ofSkh'n'i: *[/anern„,oa townftip «i nas 113 inhabitantd «^d iiandSW by c"n "''"'!•''''""''- •■'■vcjs, and E b/u' f- "■" '"""^ ^''^a^ divid; « fr^i:^^ ::-, j-| -'"cb counties. It contJin-J • ^ Clcrmonc '"habitant. . of ;L '™ '° '"i'"' 3<9io ««d^4,ulia'ves '^°'"''''^5»'^'^'-«''^'>"«--. inSSlouu^vT^'iP °' P^""'y'vanU, .^'v^w""diiriS"?r^t'"r^ taining 6007 in , . .^ . S""'""*' ^on- areflate. ^' '"''•''"'auts, of whom 303J -cHyt'lhe't'a"'^^ r"?^ «'■-" ^- See LS "''" •" ^akcChamplaia. in1tfr;vtt'"?''^'-^'--''''«".d. 'cagues above .h: »""'"' '■>•"'"' «» Montreal. 2.c ' . ^''''''r"'"'^'" "♦' N bank of the rv^hl^,""'^'' "" 'hc with the river S,'- "' '" ^""'-'^'^" Wood 'nand.and'a" Sag'^^eV'^Stf'T Feu' velFtls put in h^r^^ «' Portland. There is a Ai^kcriedg^sTSfT^nf?- from the N E enH ,.f .V .„^'' a mile only flieu, irfc;r^.v' "''^j"^"''. ^hich fred, : But vou n Jh '^' "'"*' '^'o"'* andlo„.69 3/w *'"^''-43 5oN. . W by S of Lenox, Z'^^owZ'l "J'^" Iron ore of the firft o7,or , Lofton, hut as it lies deep It^Li?;- " ^°"" ^ here, expenfe. Ore ^of indi r '^ * «"" found in many place" '^rK ^"^'"^ '' lin^eftone, coa^rirwSj.e ^^.^^'f '^'"^ marble. Itwasinrm. ' ^."'^ clouded ' i flf ' py , Ebd r ^'i r¥| f n' : .f mi HP'I K is J " s ^U 5 /, V i»il1 R IC Winton on t!ie Wby \V.irU'« rivrr, a branch ut I'lkiiciitiuk rivir. It in itlimit 19 inilc» W of Ncvvpiirt, iiiul contiiiiu Ij68 in- liiibitunt*. Kuhm-mJ, :i county of N. Y»>rk, coin- prcltciidiii^ iill Stiitcii lllaiui ; which lee. /f/V/j/M.»r/, ii coiinty of N. Citrulina, in Fayette dilkriol, hoiiiiileil S, hy the State of IS. (.'arulinu, and N, by Ahuire co. It uiiilaiiit ,f6i.; iiihitbitauti liiL-Iiiilin}> 87.; llavt;^. Chieftown.Rockiii^liain, 'I'liecourt hinile, at which a pofl uirK-iii»lccpt, is 10 nilh's from Aiifon court Itoiiie, .s6 frum Fay- iU«:vilie,and..;^i,) front l>iiilailel|)hia. 'I'he b J'^ part of tJiecuunty in une runtinucil plain, covered in many pt.tcCH with pincv ; l)ut mi)(U) inhibited by Scotchnien. Tlie iip^ter part of the cuuntv lias hill* and vales. In tlie middle and I', part uf the comity larj^c tract.i of land remain wild. 'I'iie inhabitants of UichmuiHL en. arc I'relhyterians, U.iptinH, Methodiltii and (jnakerH. 'I'heir houles are Io^jh, covered with (labs. In i/y?, tliere, was not a fin- idled brick or ftoiie iioule, and very few frami'il houfes in the connty. Ji'.hi.^hihl, a county of Vir;;iiila, bound- C'.LN and N K by VS'edmorelaiul, and 3- and >S W by Rappaitaimuck river, which fei» irate* it from Ivllex co. rhis.county ;ind WeUmoreland contain 5918 frif..»nd 7Jla6 black inhabitants. 'Hie court lioiil'e, wl^ere >i pott olilce in ke|>t, u 273 miles froiiuiMiiladelphia. R'uhi/iouJ, the piefem feat of goveru- niunt of. the Stiilc -of \'ir;;inia, is litnatcd. in Henrico cu. on the N lide of Jainei's river, jni^iat the- loot of tlie falls, and con- tains betu'cen 400 and .;oo huul'cs, ami .•',44 free and 2i.yj I)lack iulial>itants. Part of the honles are built on tlie niiirgin (if the river, ronvwieirt. for biilinefs; the relb arc upon a hill which overlotiko tliur lower part oftlic town, and commands an estentivc piofpecl: of the river and adja- cem country. 'I'iic new houles are well built. I'he date hoiil'o, or capitol, is on the hill. This citv likewlle boaftiof an flegaut flatiic of the illuflrion.^ \\'allun;;;' ton, which was formed at I'aiis. ; 'The lower part uf the town is divided by. a creek, over which is a convenient bridge. A bridge bciwecn ,;oo and 400 yards in leiijjth, has been thrown acrols James's river, at. the iiiut'of the i'alL That part front Muncheftvr tu the illaiid is Uuilt on 15 boats. Frum the iJland to the rocks was formerly a floating bridge of rafts ; bii|t the cntcrpri ling -proprietor has now kuiU it ut framed iujj, pie^s^ tilled with R- 1 1> Rone*. Froni tlie rucks to the landing «t Kirhmund, the brid};c is continued on framed pierit tilled with (tones. This briilj^e connects the city with Manrhef- tir ; audits the pafl'tn^ers pay toll, it pro- duces a handfome revenue to Col. Mayo, who is the I'olc proprietor. 'I'he public ImildinjM, l)ellde I lie Itatu houle, are an Kpifcupal churrh, a court hinile, ^mA, a thcutre, and .< tobacco ware lioiihs. At the W end of thetown arel'everal mills, one of which is not inferior to the IT >S. Ne.ir tin; milli. is a diflillcry and brewery. The falls above the liridj^c are 7 niilis in lenjilh. \ nublc canal is cut on theN lide uf the river, which terminates in a baion of about two acres, in the town of Richmond. From this bafon to the wharves in the riv- er, will be, a land carriage uf about a mile. The op<.nin<; of this tunal promiles the addition of much wealth to Riclimuiul. Vell'ulu of burden lie at City Point, 20 miles below, to which the };o(k1s fiont Richmond are fent down in boats. It is 626 miles from lUillon, ,^74 from N. York, 1 76 from UMtinuire, 27S from Fhiladel- piiia, 247 fr'im Fayettcville, 497 fio:ii Clurledon, aiul 66 j from .Sav«nniili. N lilt. 3 7 40, W Ion. 7 7 JO. JiiihmonJ, a County of the Upper dif- tritil of Cieorjria, in which is fitniited tli: city of AugufUu It is feparatcd from S. Cai'ulina on. the. K, by .Savanniih river, and contains 6 towns, and 5473 inhabit- ants, of whum 2691 are Haves. liul>mn»J,;i town uf the illiiiid of St. Vincent's, in the W. Indies. It is featcd at the head of a deep bay, on the wefterii liilc of the illiind. Chateaubelair river runs «m the I'outh fule of the ttiwn, whicli gives name to the bay. Another river empties into the bay on the N lide of the town. Ri.I.i.jioiiJ, a town in Chittenden co.-Vcr- mont, made in 1794, out part of VMllif- toii and part of Jericho, it is an excellent tr.icl of land, lying on both Udes of Onion River. It contains 718 inhitbitaiits. li'.Jjiituiul •Tviv.ijh'ip., ill l.enox co. !'■ Caiiad.i, lies north of I'redericklhnigh, in the biiy of (juinte, and is watered in front by the river .Appennie. ' RhL.iu lU\Kr, ill the eaftern diftricl, li. Canud.'i, runs Ibiiuwliat piirallel to tin; river l-'etit Nation, and omjdes itfelf ini" the (irand, or Ottawii river about f, mill' higher up. The luiid on each lide »iftlm river is very good for I'etthments ..S'wj/'. .ff/./s;. '■,/./, a poft town of Ccmnciflicut.in Fairricld,co. \q miles 'i W of Diiiibiirv, :S iiW t U'nf hi tlic .^ •'( Kidg, Cin, l„l> :, the III II, till Soiiii ♦ind of «nile« in, hi' /eeii m Settled in «ll.md of hehind wj *>' the ntai *hrou(»h til wrnflilp, nn covered, whi "'"aSpanifli water of tJii mack, the otl Newhiirvport »''c left' as 1 ««'ntaining \\ 'aw mill g„,'„j Klfey, lies i'riiiceton. Ji'ilumlhi, a province of q «'wn name. "fat*ures »f "ft of the -pro, parts of it arc ''[''^•'- Riobu ^''.000 fouls. ■*'» liu.-nB, in M miles eaftwa afliip may lit, .^ .n 8 or 9 fai ."ft«P- J:aflw " ^^'Y Harbour R'o ('lanjf, a irn divilion of '« '"'gnares. ^'0 (iranrif^ a \ rivi'f. inhahii- .u\ oi St. is ICiltlll woftt-ni cliiir riviT licr rivtr fiilc of tliL- i.ftCivVcr- of Willif- 1 excellent ants. l)K CO. V. [ilia toll..- , itltlf iiii" jut 3 "'''^:' Ijdeoftlm Lnts ..S'"0'':'' [ncaiciit,!!^ liiubi"-)'' '*; RIO > W of Hartford, 51 N E of Kinj»fl)rMj»«», in tlir Stale of N. Vork. The lownthip i./«./., a river of Terra Pirnu, S. Ameriiit, wliieli rilts mar the ct|uator, runs eallward,aMd lalln into the N. iita.bt- tween Cirtliagena and St. Martha. Alio the name of a river of Itia/il, which falli into the lea at Natal losl. Rii, ,/, /,/ Jl.i,/j.i, a town and pruviiicr in the N divilion of Terra lirma. /tioiri)(»iy in S. ,\ii\trica. 'J hii province is'bJiiiiWkd (mthe N W by lii- cuman and Uraod Cbaco ; it cxtttulh K to the Straits of Magfillan, cotrprihend- ing a great part of the country V. of thV Cordillera-i ; and on the i: by the K. Atlantic Ocean. This province former- ly belonged tr I'aragu.iy, but was divided from it in ifjii, and crtitul into a Up- araic government called Rii? cK; la Plata. This part of the confincui v/a* lirft d.'- covered ill in6 by Juan Dia?; dc Soils. The climate i« tempt-rate, and the earuk cxtremely'fei'tile.producing in abund.tncc wheat, and all otiur grains, vegetiibit* aiKl fruits, particul%irly peaches ol a very delicious flavour, v.-hicli grow wild, and N. Carolina. The low. er part of this river was formerly called Mozattoe, • Roanoie River,Ltttle, empties into StauOv ton river from the N, about rj miles above the jun(Slioa of Pan and Staunton rivers. Roaring River, St. boatable water of Ten - elTee State, which runs N W into Cum- berland river, iz miles S Woif the mouth o,f Obas river. Rubcrdeau,.?i fmall fort wbich'was eredU cd in Bald Eagle, or Sinking Spring Val- ley, in Pennfylvania, during the late war. It was crei3ed for the proteiSlion of thofe who then worked at the lead mines. But che Indian war raging around them, they were forced to abandon the cnterprifc. See Bald Eagle Valley. Robert Bay, on the E coaft of New- foundland, I'eparated from Spanifli Bay by a very narrow neck of land ; and about E N £ 4 miles about the point from Port Grave. Robert ^i>y,a gulf or bay of the ifland of Martinico in the W. Indies, and one of the £neft natural harbours that can be imagined, being able to contain the larg- efl fleet with fuch convenience, that the Hiips may ride near enough the fliore to reach it with a plank. It is about 3 leagues in depth, and is formed by the Point of the Ga\lepQS on the ,W, and Point flpfe on the £. Roiertfon's County, in Tencflce, in Mero Diftricft, is bounded N by Kentucky. It is watered by Cumberland and Red riv- ers. It contains 4380 inhabitants, of yvbom 863 are flaves. Robcfon, a county of N. Carolina, in Fayette diftridt, and bounded S W bv the ftate of S. Carolina. It contains 6606 in- habitants, including 960 flaves. Chief town, Lumberton. Robin Hood^t Bay, on the £ coaft of Newfoundland, is frequented by fmall yeflels, as they can iilb here to advan- tage. It is not far from Trinity Harbour, and near to Fox Iflands. Roca IJlands, a clufter of uninhabited iflands, oiT the N coad of Venezuela, in Terra Firma, about 40 leagues N W by W of Tortugas. R»ca PartiJt, a fmall ifland in the N. Pacific Taciiic Gc from the i and Ion. i: Roche, C. ifland of S W of Old Rocb, Ri- Territory, empties int' the Iowa R Rocher, U on Miffifipi where Fort Rochejler, Vermont, a Rochejler, ; Plymouth c( ton. It con Rochejler, j Hampfliirc.c of Pjfcataqu Portfmouth, ton. It was contains 364 the Court of held in this ti Rechejltr 7 lake St. Clair, Hone. Rochejler, a York, extend It is about la contains 4433 Roci/iway, a CO. N. Jerfey, of its name, i> fown, 3j S£( RoMrid^e, s Virginia, boui Py James rive Botetourt co. '•sbitants, and, Natural Bridge IS alfo a uftful a ftudents, libera Gen Wafliingto ^"fiington Acau Jugton. . RoeifiJh,si,}^ '0 Virginia, at lomc indifferent gated with red, b a lar^e precipice, 'gable part of t "larble has ever Rociford, a po 57.? miles from ] RockbiU, a town 7'vania. Rociin^ham, on ROC R OC }ns to J torn ies by jf Al- in the to be ic low- called StauiH ; miles launtoa, of Ten - o C\im- e mouth as ercdb* ing Val- late war. of thofc ncs. But em, they iiterprifc. of New- nifli Bay md; and ;he point the iHand uid one of »t can be the larg- that the fliore to about 3 ■d by the and Point jn Mero ucky. U Red rlv- )itant8, ot rolina, *>n W by the 1 6666 in- s. Chief coaft of by ftnall to advan- Harbour, linhabitcd [ezuela, in NWby in the N. Pacifi« Pacific Ocean, S E from I. a Mcfa, mid W ; from tlie ille I.a Nublad.i ; lat. i6 35 N, and Ion. ia8 W. Rocbt, Crpe dt la, on the N fide of the ifland of St. Domingo, is about 5 kagtics \V of Old C;>pc Fnincois. Rocb, R'lviirea la, a river of the N. W. Territory, which runs a S W comic, and empties into the MilTifippi, 95 miles above the Iowa Rapids. Rocber, la praire du, or Roi:k Mendoivs, on MiiTifippi river, 3 miles below thefpct where Fort Chartres (lood. Rochefier, a townfliip of Wiijdfor co, Vermont, and contains 524 inhubitants. Rucheftert a townfliip of MDAachufetts, Plymouth co. 52 miles fouthward of Bof- ton. It contains 2546 inhabitants. RoehrJUr, a townlltip in Stra^brd co.N. Hampfliire.on thpWiidcQf the N branch of Piicataqua river, 22 miles N W of Portfmouth, and 40 S hy E of Middle- ton. It was incorporated in 1722, and contains 2646 inhabitants. Qae term of the Court of Common Picas is annually held in this town. Rtcbtfltr Toivnjhip, U Canada, lies on lake St. Clair, between Tilbury and JVlaid- Aonc. Smytb. Rocie/ler,!i townfliip in . Ulfter co. N. York, extending W ro Delawar;: river. It is about 12 miles S W of Efopus, and contains 2423 inhabitants. Roctaway, a (imalt poll town in Morris CO. N. Jerfey, on the S fide of the river of itsnaipe, ij miles Nby Wqf Morrif- town, 21 S £ of Newtpn. Roeiirid^t, a mountainous county of Virginia, bounded N by AuguAa, and S hy James river, which divides it from Botetourt co. It contains 7875 free in- hiibitants, and 1079 Daves. The famous Natural Bridge it in this county. Here is alfo a ufeful academy of from ao to 40 lludents, liberally endowed by the late Gen Wafliington, and called, after him, Wajhin^ton Atmdemy. Chief town, Lex- ington. Rod fijh, a N W branch of James river, in Virginia, at the mouth of which is fomc indifTcrent marble, generally varie- gated with red, blue, and purple. It forms alar^e precipice, which hangs over a nav- igable part of the river. None of the marble has ever yet been worked. Rcciford, a port town of N. Cafolina, 57.^ miles from Philadelphia. Rodbiil, a townfliip of Buck's Co. Pena- fylvania. Rociinviam, one of tlic j counties into which t1»e flute of N. ILimpnilre isdividt td. It lita (Ml tlu S I', p.irt ot the lUfe ; having tlie Atlaiitc Ocean on the S F,, thv" coi'.aty of ltillfbi>rouj,li on the W, StrnfTord on tlic N, and tin.- Hate ot iViaf- lAcluiiVits on the S. It is ;i!)<>ut 60 miles loug, and y^ Uroad. Ic embraces the on- ly icTport anil moft of the commercial ti)\yns in tlic flute. It contains 4,6 town- fliips, and 45,427 inhabitants. Chief towns, Portlmoutli, !• ictcr, and Concord. Roc.iini;bam,tht N I', towiilnip in Wind- ham CO. Vermont, io on the W bank of Connecticut river, which ftparruis it from Walpolc.in N. Hanipfliii;e. It con- tains 1684 inhabitants. Rociinorham, a county of Sidifhury dif- trii'^, N. Carolina, liimndtd E by Cafwdl, and W by Stokes. On tiit I'anks ot the Dan, which waters this county, are large traiSts of fertile Ipw land. A Itirnace an4 forge hive been ereiSltd on Troublefomc Creek. Iron ore is found in many part* of the county. It contains 827 7 inhabit'^ ants, includiijg 163.I Havc!,. Roelingbam,th^ chipf town of Richmon4 CO. N. Carolina. It is feated on an emi- nence, about 6 miles £ of Great Pedce river, and contains a court houfe, gaol, and a few dwelling houfcs. It is 74 miles froi^ liillfborough, 40 from Betha- nia, and J36 from Philadelphia. Roditi^bitm, -A mountainous co.; of Vir- ginia, bounded' N by iihenandoah, and S by Augufla. It contains 9322 .free in» habitants, and 1052 flaves. Rodingbam, ufually called Rock town. (Harrifoiiburgh is its legal name,) a po(t town and the feat of ttu: courts of the above county, is fituated on a branch of Shenandoah river, and contains a court houfe, gaol, and about. 30 houfes^ It in 108 miles E by N of the Sweet Springs, 25 N W by N of Staunton, ja S W of Straiburgli, in' Pcimfylvauia, and 262 SI W of Philadelphia. Rodlaiidin^, a military pod on the Oco« nee river, Georgia. Rockland, a county iu N. York, on the W fide of Hudfon river. It was feparat- cd from Orange county, an■. It lias a nunilKT of [xrrenial Ipriiigs, and oni above the level of tke llrecrs. '\'i,r road from Knoxvilie to Pliiladilphia.6;{ I miles, paflcs by Rogerfville, Rofs's lur- naoc, Abingdon, Englilh's I'erry, on New River, Big LickiPcytonflmrg, Rockbridge, Lexington, Staunton, N. Market, Vniclitl- ter, FrcdcrickH)Wr>, York, and Lanrafti.1. RaLtnil's Table, on the maiii land of tli; E coaft of the diftritft of tiafpee in L. Canada, and the W part of the Gulf of St. I^awrencr, is a flat mountain, which Ihews itfetf offtofcaward; appears above feveral others, and fcrves to find out Hie Pe'reee, or I'ierred iiland, 15 nnlcs from Cape Gafpec. The ijlaiul of Bouavcntu- ra is 3 miles beyond it. R-ollIng JFoii, a main Ibnthem brancli of Salt river, in Kentucky. The towns of Lydra and Bcalibnrg ftand on this river. Riimnn, Ciifir, on the coaft of S» Caroli- na. F'roin hence to Charlefton light houfe the courfe isW S W ^ W ai league*, N kit. 33 J, W Ion. 79 30. Roman, Capr, on the coaft »f Florida, i« ao^ leagues N tV by N of Cape Sable. the S W point of the peninfula uf Florida. Roman, Cape, on the N COaft of "^t'crra Firma, fs the N point of the pentnfuh which is tlie £ limit of the Gulf of Ve- nezuela. Near it on the N are a number of rocks, and due N of it is the iiland nf Orua, or Aruba, belonging to the Uutch, 8 or 9 leagues diftanu Rtmann, or Romano Cayo, a fmall iiland ofF the N fliore of the iiland of Cuba. It is long and narrow, and at the caftern ei- trcinity of that cluftcr of illcs called the King's Garden. Romt; a port town of N. York, Oneida CO. on Mohawk river, 8 miles A\' ot Wliiteftown, and 376 miles from Phila- delphia, having 1479 inhabitants. 'I'lii* townfliip was taken from Steuben, aiul incorporated in 1796. Fort Stanwix, ciiH- ed alio New Fort Schuyler, is in tin town. Rcmnfy, the chief town of Mamplhin' •o.Virgiiiii tioul'cit, a h X-'iol. It is of the S W .^o mile.H W by N of M( Town, in A ii a poft to of Philadclj Romupjck, Jcrlcy, on miles' N of 1 Romulus, York ftate, ( and Cayuga the ferry at its N part, and has with lliipsof Juni ol tliclitnds r of Indians, ) X02J inhabit R'liuh; otR adincs,dcpcn aJa, in the \\ way between Grenada, abo contain.'s abou whic/i arc w and the cnltiv Ropt Juriy tiiwu of No luiles S \V by ' poft road to ] tip from Loi Millftone Poii 'n Auguft, 17, ^^a8 built aero Millftone Poi feet deep, Tl vutU a Hiding! Raqiti', Cipe, W of Cape St, '•'"• .17 30. Ro/j^Acune. ii I^NE iEof point of the i/la R'fi, or St , tliA.' coaft of \\\ 30 miles N E, •'"lad. 'J'lic h: 8 feet water, w there is 16 or i "11 the main la '"•ten this bay ; •he W, is (roni h is generally i prudueing, in i aild live oak. '1 »^l" the bay is ROS R03 •i).VirgiiiiH, contains about 70 dwelling liuul'eii, a brick cuurt houlc and a (lone ^aol. It is lituatcd un the wcftern bank «)t the S W branch of Patowmac riytr, ^o miles VV by N ot Winchtfter, 15 N L by Nof MoorlicUh, and 18 S W of Old Town, in Allegliany co. Pennfylvania. It ii a pofl town, and is 242 miles W by S uf Philadelphia. Romopjckf a village in Bergen co. M. Jcri'ey, on Roniopuck river, 13 or ao miles N of Pattt'i'lon. Jioiiiuliit, a military towndiip in-' N: York ftate, Cayuga co. bctweto Seneca and CayugA Lakes. The high road to the ferry at C.iyuga Lake, runt through its N part. It was incorporated in 1 794 ; and has within its jitrilditilion the town- ibipsof Junusand Galen, and that part ol the lands rifcrved to the Cayuga nation of Indians, VV of Cayuga Lake. It has 1025 inhabitants. H'wiL; or RL-on.le ^/jhut mid- way between Cariacou and the N end of Grenada, about 4 leagues fronji each. It containis about 5C0 acres of excellent laud, uhich are wholly applied to paflurage, and the cidtivation of cotton. Rupe /'Wry, a ferry acrofs a bay in the town of New London, Conncilicut ; 4 luiles S \V by W of N. Loudon city, on the pod road to New Haven, The bay lets up from Long Illand Sound, between Millftone Point and Black Point in Lvme. In Auguft, 17<;^), a bridge, 500 feet long, \\M built acrofs this ferry, 2 miles above AlillOonc Point, where the water is 18 feet deep. The bridge is 24 feel broad, «uth a liidingdraw, Roijiif, C.ipe, on the coad of Brazil, N W of Cape St. AuguftJne, S laX. 6 jo, W lun. .37 30. Ro/j,ji ca(>e in the illand of St. Domingo, F. N E ^ l-; of Cape Dame Marie, the W puintof the illand, didant about. 7 leagues. R'/.i, or Si A'yi'i an txtenlive bay on tlie coall of W. ilorida, flrciching alxnit 30 miles N £, and is from 4 to 6 miles broad. 'I'lie bar before it has only 7 or 8 feet water, w here deepcft ; but within there is 16 or 17, as far as the Red BluIT (111 the main land. The pcninfula be- tween this bay and that of Pcnfacola, on the \V, is from i to 3 or 4 miles broad. It is generally a very poor, fandy foil, producing, in Ibme places, large pines aild live oak. The largell river that falls Uitu the b:iy is ChaCU liitCchii, or f^^A river, which runs from the N F. and entcr# the eancrn extremity 01 the bay througlT ieveral mouths, but fo llioal that only a< Imallboat Or canoe can pals them. Mr> Hutchins afcmded it about 25 league»T where he found a fmall party uf the CouiTac Indians. R*fa, or Ro/e I/ljiiJ, extcndii along the mouth of the above bay, and h> about /o miles long, and no where above half a mile broad. 'I'hc channel at the E end of the ifland is lb choaked up' with a large iTioali in fonic places' dry, that the deep- cll water is only 4 or 5 feet ; and the channel between Kofc Illand and tiie main is barely fuflicient fur boats orpvt- tiaugerf. Rofalky Fvrtr is fttuated in the Miflifip- pi territory, in the Natchez country, oiv the b Ude of the Millilippi, in lat. JJt 40 ; 243 miles above New Orleans. Rfcau, the capital of the irtnnd of Doniinleo, in the \V. Indies. It' is now calkd Charloiietown, and is lituatcd in St. George's parifli,abt)ut 7 leagues from Prince Rupert's Bay. It is on a point <»f land on the S W lide of the illand which forms two bays, viz. WoodbridgeV Bay N, and Chailouevillc Bay S. Kolcau i« about half a mile in length from Char- lotteville to Rofeau, and modly tw<» fur- longs in breadth, but is of an irregular figure. It contains more than 500 houles, bclidc cottages occupied by negroes. Whilft in poll'efliou of the French, it con- tained upward* of icoo houl'is. N lax. »5 15. W hin. 61 27. Rtjl:, St. or y^iynu. The cflabltflimenta in the plain of .St. Rofe, and thole on the banks of the Jayna, on the S lide of the illand of St.. Domingo, are looked upon a« depending on the city of St. Domingo. They are reckoned to contain, at Iralt, icoo inhabitants ; for the mud part peo- ple of colour.free and Haves, 'fhe river Jayna is 3 leagues W of that city. The parilh of St. Rofe or J.ayna, whicli has in its dependency the ancient rich popula- tion of Bonavcnture, is m>w reduced t(v a handful of individuals, whofe employ- ment is the breeding of cattli or the wafli- ing of gold land. Towards the I'ource of the Jayna, and near the town of St. Role, were the celebrated gold mines of St. Chridopher ; in the niighbourho«)d of which Columbus ercdted a fort by the name of St. Chridophcr. Rv/eway, Port, a populous feaport town , on the S E coafl of Nova Scotia, N i'l by F. «[ ^jtpe Mecro and Harbour. 11 P I** i.: tiou kofc'.vay TJIatid, lies at the mouth c t'ort Wager, on the S E coall of Nov^ Scotia Sojlif Cipf, in Pctiobfcot Bay, Maine. X'ifiers, C:i/>e, the 6 limit of the mouth hftlic river 8t. l^awrence ; fr am whence it is 90 miles acrol's to the N thore, meaf- tiriiig by the W end of the iflatld of An- ticofti. This is the eanertlmoft pciut of the diflridl of Gafpee, in L. CMoada. It has FlorcU Ifle and Cape Galpee on the S. N lat. 48 56, W ion. 63 40. Jtofs, a co.cf the ftatc of Ohio, Has 8540 inhabitants. It is divided into 11 towii- lliips; viz. Pickaway, Green, Jefferfon, Pe Pee, liiclc, Scioto, Union, Concord, Paxtoa, New Market, and W^ayne. Xojij.-iol, Port, on the S coafl: of Nova Scoti.i, a harbour S Wof Portde L'Hevc. Rojtgnvl, a conlideralile lake in Nova Scotia, between Liverpool <4nd Annapolis. 'I'he Indians lay it is the main fodrce of Liverpool and Petit rivers. It has been a place of rcfort for the Indians, od ac- count of the favourable hunting grounds upon it. Mottertfani, or Anamocbe JJlf, one of the Friendly lllands, N of Amfterdam ifle ; remarkable for its fertihty and the peace- sibie dii'pofition of tlic inhabitants. Rotterdam, New, a new fettlcment on the N iide of Oneida Lake, N. York. Rouge, Cipe, or Red Cipe, on the N fide of the illand of St. Domingo, 4 leagues W of Point Ifabeilica. Rouge River, in Louifiaha, is fo called from its water* being of a red colour, and faid to tinge thofe uf the Mflifippi in the time of the flo^s. It rifes in New Mex- ico, and, aft*!*, running about 600 miles, Joins the Miflirippi 187 miles above New Orleans, 56^ miles below Fort Rofalie ; 30 miles from its mouth it receives Noir, or Black river. Near 70 leagues up Rouge fiver the French had a confiderahle poft called Natchitoches. It was a frontier to the Spanifli fettlements, being ao miles from Fort Adayes. The Fort at Natchi- toches was formerly garrlfoned by a Cap- tain's Command, and contained about 40 families, moftly of difcharged foldicfs, and fome merchants, who traded with the Spaniards. Tobacco of a fuperior quali- ty is cultivated at this poft, in confidcra- ble quantities, and fold at New Orleans. See Red River. Hutchini. Rouge Cbapeau, or Red Hat, a cape on the coaft of N. America. N lat. 46 ji, W Ion. S5 sfi- R<,und Buy, a fine bay, with good an- ROW chorage, on tlio W fide of the ifland cf .St. Lucia. Round, Cape, oii the coad of Labra- dor. Round Heads, Indians inhabiting nn Round Head river, in N. America. VVar- riors, 200O. Round IJljnd, a fmall ifland drt the coal] of W. riorida, lies 5 milts N frrtm, and oppoilte to, the middle of Horn Ifland, and is well timbered. Riiiiiid Ruck, one of tKe Virjin Iflands, N of Ginger Ifland. N lat. 18 10, \V Ion. 6a 53. Rowan, one of the moft populous coun- ties of N. Carolina in Salifhiiry diflrict ; bounded N by Iredell, and S by Cabarrus. It contains 19,413 inhabitants, including 2531 flavcs. In this co: about 10 miles S W of Sallfljury, aoo from the fca, and 70 from the mountains is a remarkable fub- tCrrancous wall. The (Vones are all of one kind, contain iron ore, are of a long figure, commoniy about 7 inches long, fometimes 13. The ends of the ftoncs form the fides of the wall, fome prefcrvo their dimenfions, others end hke a wedge. The alternate pofition of great and fmall ends keeps the wall level. Every concave flone is furniflied with i convex. The mofl: irregular tre throwrt into the middle of the wall, fcvery flone is cov- ered with cement, which in fome inftances is an inch thick, and where wet is foft like putty. The wall is uniformly aa inches thick, the length difcovered is about 300 feet, the height laor 14. The top of the wall'is nearly parallel with the top of the ground, about a foot below, both fides are plaftered, and in one place only is a bend or curve of 6 feet. The whole is executed in a nioft ikilful man- ner. See IValt Siibterranetut. Roive, a townfliip in the N W corner of HampHiire co. MalTachufetts ; bound- ed N by Vermont, 1 15 miles N W of Bof- ton. It is watered by Decrficld river, and contains 575 inhabitants. Rowley, a townfliip of MaflTachufetts, EITex CO. having Newbury on the N 1- The inhabitants, 1557 '" number, are moftly farmers. Near its bounds with Newbury on the hill S E from the mills on Smelt R. fome fpecimens of black lead have been difcovered, and it is thought there is a confiderahle body of it, which may be, hereafter, an objed of confcquence. It is 4 miles N by W of Ipfwich, and 34NbyE of BoAon, and was iucorporate'd in 1639. ROY RUN land cf Labra- ting on . War- he coart bm, and a Ifland, 1 1 (lands, 3 lo, W JUS coun- ' diftrict ; Llabarrus. including lO milfs S :a, and 70 sable fub- ire all oi I of a long :hes long, the ftones le prefcrvo ce a wedge. great and el. Every h I convex. rt into the 3ne is cov. le inftances vet is foft iformly la "covered is |ri4- Tbe •1 with the ot below, one place Ifeet. The jlful man- W corner is ; btiund- W of Bof- acld river, QTachufetts, fthc N !•:. Lmber, are funds with , the mills of black land it i» body of Ian objeift by W of Jollon, and Jloxas, Haiu dc, the heights lu the dif- tridt of Bayaguana, in the middle of the t part of the illand of St. Domingo, are fi) called. Here Vaiverde faw, after hav- ing long fought for it in vain, a little quadruped, which la fumi and fize refcm- bled a flicking p^ uf a fortnight old, ex- cept that its fnout was a little longer. It had but very little hair, which was as fine as that of the dogs called Chintfe. The town of Bayaguana is about 4 leagues S E by E of Baya. Roxborougby a toWndiip of Pennfylvania, Philadelphia CO. Saxiiiry, a plcafant town in Norfolk co. Maflachufetts, one mile S W of ?ofton. The townfliip is now divided into 3 par- iQiesandwas fettled in i6jo. In the 3 pariflies are a 765 inhabitants. The firft parilli in this town has lately been cunne«Stcd withBoAon harbour bV a canal. The Rev. John Eliot, the Apoftle of the Indians, was the firrt minifter who fettled here. He tranflated the Bible, and other pious books, into the Indi^u language ; and founded many religous focieties among the Indians. Thofe oiMarJhfn, few in number, remain to this day. He died in 1670, after being pador 60 years. Roxbury, a townfliip in the \V p;u-t of Orange co. Vermont, having 113 inhabit- ants. Roxbury, a townfliip of Morris co. N. Jerfey, on Mufconecifnk river, 25 miles from its confluence with the Delawai'e, ard 45 mUes N of Trenton. Near it is a mineral i'pring. Roxbury, a town in Litchfield co. Con- netfticut, containing 11 21 inhabitants. ^0X0, a cape near the S W part of Por- to Rico IHand, and S of Cape Rincon. N lat^ i8 II, W Ion. 67 53. Royal Bay, at the N part of the ifland of .'\iitigua. Rtyai IJe, In the S W part of lake Su- perior, lies to the N of Ifle Philippeaux, N E of W. bay, and S of the Grand Portage. It is about 100 miles long and 40 broad. Smyth. Royal IJIe, a fmall fertile ifldnd in the river St. Lawrence ; 60 miles below Lake Ontario. The French fort on it was taken by Gen. Amhcrft, in 1 760. Royal t R. in Cumberland co. Maine, empties into Cafco Bay, in the townfliip ofN. Yarmouth. Royjltoit, a townfliip in Windfor co. Vermont, N W of Hartford, on While R. and contains 1501 inhabitants. Royalflo!,, a townfliip of Maflachufetta, Vot. I. X X X Wortefter co. 40 miles N W by N of Worcefter, and 70 N W of Boflon. It was incorporated in 1665, and contains 1243 inhabitants. Miller's R. runs through this town from the E. Ruatan, or Rattan, an ifland in the BaT of Honduras, 8 leagues from tbe Mofqui- to fhore, and about aoo \V by S of th^ ifland of Jamaica. It is 30 miles long and 13 broad, naturally fortified with rocks and flioals, except the entrance into thft harbour, which is fo narrow that only ope fliip can pafs it at a time ; the harbour is one of the fiaefl in the world, and can aftbrd fafe anchora^.e for 500 fail of fliips. It was totally uninhab- ited until 1742, when the Britifli, under the command of Major Crawford, began a fet'tlement, in order to piotedl the log- wood cutters, and fecnre a trade with the Spaniards of Gnatimala, for cochineal, indigo, &c. but it was foon abandoned. Nlat. 17 6, W Ion. 88 12. Rutrehy^ Mills, in S. Carolina, are about 12 miles N of Camden, near the wcftern- moft branch of Lyuche's Creek. Here Gen. Greene retreated, in May, 1781, to wait for reinforcements, after his repulfe at Camden, and to prevent fupplics reaching it. Ruijfeau, GrahJ, a fettlemcnt on the E fide of the river MitTifippi, and in the In- diana Territory, which, with the villages of St. Philip and Braire du Rochcrs, con- tained, in 1792, X40 inhabltartts. Rumford. See Concord, N. Hampfliirc. Rumford, a town in Cumberland co. Maine, on the N b.ink of G. Androfcog- gin R. nbout 80 miles N W of Portland. The townfliip is about 8 miles fquare, 7 of which lie N of Androfcoggin R. which meanders through it about 1% miles. About a mile from its £ line there is a large fall. Ellis' river runs through it oa the weft fide. Rumi Ramba, a plain hear Quito in Pe- ru, full of large fragments of rocks, thrown thither from a volcano, formerly in the famous mountain of Pichincha. Rum Key, one of the Bahama Iflands. N lat. 23 52, W Ion. 74 17. Rumiiey, or Romney, a townfliip of N. Hampfliire, Grafton co. on a N branch of Baker's R. about 7 or 8 miles N W of Plymouth on the VV fide of the Pemlge- wafTet. It was incorporated in 1767, and contains 624 inhabitants. Runatmy Bay, on the N W coaft of the ifland of Antigua, between the fort on Corblzon's Paint JS', und Fort Hamilton to ^ • I R U V to the South. OflTit lie rocks and Hioals. Runaway Biiy, on the N coa(t of the ifland of Jamaica, W of Great Laughlandi river and Mumby Bay, and 9 oV 10 miles E of Rio Bueno. Riibert, the N wedernmod townfliip of Bennington co. Vermont. It contains 1648 inhahitants. RuperCs Bay, at the N W end of the ifland of Dominica, in the W. Indies, affords good: flicker from the winds, and i» deep, capacious and Tandy. It is the principal bay of the ifland, and on it is ereiSted the town of Portfmouth. Rupert's Fort, at the bottom of Hudlon's 3.iy, in N. America, is fituated on a river of the fame name, on theE fide of James's Bav ; between Slade R. N, and Nodway R.S. N lat. 5r50,Wlon.8o5. Rupert's JJlinJ, the mofl weflferly of the 4 ifl.inds in the ftraits of MagelUin, which form the S fide of Royal Reach. Rujkohefrcn, the Indian name of Parker's Ifland in Kennebeck river. Rujfelville, a town in Logan co. in the tnuthern part of Kentucky, in a populous part of the ftate, about 40 miles from Nafliville, has 65 inhabitants. Ruffell ToivnPiip, in the county of Leeds,' U. Canada, lies to the northward of Kitley. Rujlom River, IT. Canada, runs into lake St. Clair, between Point aux Rijckes and Belle riVer : a loaded boat may go 6 miles up this river ; the laud is exceedingly good <>ii Its banks ; there is a fettlement of Indians a few mihs up it. Smyth. Htiffdl, a CO. of Virginia, bounded N by Greenbriar, and S by Lee co. It con- tains 4456 inhabitants, including 351 flaves. Ru(fc1l, a townfliip in Hampfliire co. Mafl!achulett3, 15 miles W of Springfield, and 108 Why S of Boflon. It was in- corporated in 179a, and contains 4jr inhabitants. Rutherford, a CO. of Morgan diftriift, N. Carolina, bounded Nov Burke and S by the fta'e of S. Carolina. It contains 10,696 inhabitants, including 1047 flaves. Rutherford Totvii, capital of the above CO. has a court houfe, gaol, and a few dwelling houfes. Ri!thllor6U]!i,,\. village in Queen Anne's fo Maryland, on Tuckalioc Creek,' 6 miles SE of Centcrville, and 7iN Wof Greenlbo rough. Rutlind, a CO. of Vermont, boimded N by Addifua co. E by VVindfor, S by Ben- !t y E nington, W by N. York. Otter Greet and other flreams, water this county. It has alfo numerous lakes or ponds, well flored with fifli ; the chief of thefe, are I-akes Bombazon, and St. Auftin ; t In- former in Huhbcrton and Caftleton, and the latter in Wells. It contains 15 town- Ihips, and 23,813 inhabitants. Here are 14 forges, 3 furnaces, afid a flitting mil!. Rutland, a poll town of Vermont, and capitaroPth"B above co. on* Otter Creek, 55 miles from its mouth in Lake Cham- phin ; 57mrie9 ff of Bennington, 45 W by N of Windfor. It contains a con- gregational church, a court houfe, and ail5 inhabitants. N lat. 43 34 30, W Ion. 72 50 30. The mean heat here; ac- cording to Dr. Williams, is 43 6 , , . Leaft heat at •:«rvJ..JMrr.J ^. Greateft heat 9a Pipe clay is found here, which has betn wrought into crucibles that prove very durable. Rutland, a townfliip of MaflachufettJ, Wo cefter co. 14 miles N Wof Worcefter, and 56 W of Bofton. The town wasiii- corporated- in. 17^2, and "contains lacb inhabitants. It is on the height of land between Conticcticut river and Merri- mack. From a barn in this town, the water wliich drops from the eaftern fide of the roof,, runs to the Merrimack, and that which falls from the weflern fidi: runs to the Conneiflicut. In this town are two confiderable ponds. Several flreams proceed thence in diflferent di- redtions ; fome fuflicjently large for mills. The profpedls from the centre of tfie town are exteuuve and delightful. Rutledge, the fliire town of Grainger co Teneflee, in- Richland valley. It con- tains 8 or 10 dwelling Houfes, and is a handfome Rourifiiing village. Rye, A townfliip of N. Hampfliire, 011 the fea coaft of Rockingham co. oppolite j the Ifle of Shoals, and 8 miles S" of Portf- mouth. It was incorporated in 17 191 and contains 890 inhabitants. The coali | affords excellent fait hav. Rye, a townfliip of N. York, W. Chefti: CO. on L. Ifland Sound ; 36 miles N E ui 1 N. York city. It contains 1 1 74 inhab- itants. Rye, a townfliip ia Cumberland Ciil Pennfylvaria. It has 1030 inhabitanti Ryei^i>ie,t\\e S eafternmoll townfliip '>'■[ Caledonia co. Vermont, and feparatedj from Bath in N. Hampfliire, by Conned-I icut R. It contains 406 inhabltantj. i>AB:-\ "dc. Grea, Saranac, an On this Area whole defce; feet, in feve which is 40 foot of it th( large pine h; pitch over e minutes und confined by a, Litile, one of the linallcr Virgin Iflands, S of St. Thomas, belonging to the Danes. Sable, Cape, the S W point of the prov- i^ice of Nova Scotia. N lat. 43 24. W Ion. 65 39. Variation of the needle, in 1787,1* ij W. Sable, Cape, the S W point of the pen- infnla of Florida ; a leagues EN E, ^ Eoftl\e SW point of the Dry Tortuga Slioals. N lat. a4 57, W Ion. 81 52. Sable, Great and Llulc; two rivers emp- tying into Lake Champlain from the W fide. Great Sable R. is not far from the Saranac, and is fcarcely 60 yards wide. On this flream are remarkable falls. Tlie whole defccnt of the water is about 300 feet, in feveral pitche'', the greateft of which is 40 feet perpendicular. At the foot of it the water is unfathomable. A large pine has been fcen, in a frefliet, to pitch over endwife, and remain feveral minutes under water. The ftre.im is confined by high rocks on either fide, a Iparc of 40 feet ; and the banks at the falls are at lead as many feet high. In a frefliet, the flood wood frequently lodges, and in a few minutes the water riies to full banks, and then burfts away its ob- ftruc'ilfons, with a molt tremendous cra{hii\g. Sable, an ifland S E of Cape Breton 2>S leagues. It is narrow, dreary, and barren.. N lat. 44 15, W Ion. 60. Sable Point, on the W fide of Newfound- land. N lat. 50 34, W Ion. 57 t,s- Sables, Riviere aux, runs into the S of lakf Huron, S. of the higlilands, anu E to where the waters of that lake deicend in- to river St. Clair. Sacatecolula, or Lacateculula, on the W coaft of Mexico, la miles fropi Limpa P.. There is a burning mountain near the town of the fame name. Sac, Grande Riviere dii Cul de, a river of the illand of St. Domingo, which rifes in Montagne de la Selle, by two branches ; takes a femicircular courfe of la leagues, and runs W into the 4ea, about two leagues N of Port au Prince. Sactvillc, a townfliip of Nova Scotia, Cumberland co. on Chegnedlo Bafnn, called by the French Beau Dafin, and SAC Tintamare, and the N fide of the rivt-r au Lac. Saco Falls, fituatcd on Saco river, arc 5 miles from the fca. The river is here divided by Indian Illand, confiding of about 30 acrcj of land, and on each fide of it tumbles over a precipice of rocks, atid mists with the tide. The profpcdt from the E fide of the ifland is very fub- lime and niajcfiic. From the begmning of the falls, to the ide bcloi\v, the differ- ence of height is above 40 feet. There are many corn and faw mills ; on the falls, and below the illand is a fine bafon, where vclfcls take in their cargoes. Sal- mon Falls are 10 miles above this. Saco River, is one of the three largeft rivers in this difirift. The principal part of its waters fall from the White Mountains. Its courfe, fome difl.incc from its fource, is S ; it then fuddeiily bcndf. E, and crofles into Maine, and tii^n makes a large bend N E and S \V, em- bracing the fine townfliip of Fiytbur^j. Its general courfe thence to the Sea ii S E. Great and l.ittlc Oirapce rivers fall into it from the W. This river is in\i- gablc for fliij)* to Saco Falls, .ibiiiit miles from the fea. Here the river is broken by Indian Illand, over which is the pod road. A bridge is thrown over each of the branches. A number of milKare erc« iouth, and but higher ownels of . rapidity, largeft vef- The har- fTords con- if fliips of I all winds •ular form, with very ;rancc. A [ufficient to the vicin- ofLabra- id emptit* way K pf I river. N Sa.l'H !!.iu'!it^ Ccve, on the S fule of t!ie ifland of Newfoundland, in the great l>ay whci c- in is litiiatcd the bay of 'I'repafli. It it 6 miles Nof Cape Pine. Sail Rock. Sec Ambrop, St. St, Ann, Cii/ie, on the S fide of the riv» er St. Lawrence, near its mouth, and on the Ncoafl of the diftriA of Oafpee, in L. Canada. N lat. 48 29, W Ion. 63 43. St, Anne's, a fcttlement on the £ coaft of Cape Breton I. which has a harbour. St. Anne't IJlands, 3 idands fttuated in the bay of St. Louii de Maraguan, on the coad of Brazil, S. America. St. Carlos, illes on the N. W. coafl of America. The largeft of this group is about a leagues in circumference. Small- er ifles lie between this and the main. Lat. 54 48 N, Ion. 136 13 W. St. Clement, a volcano of S. America, Lit. 46 S. St, George, a town in Lincoln co. Maine, taken from the W part of Cufliing, in- corporated i8c3,on the £of St. Gcprg(:'9 river. Saints, 2 i Hands near Guadaloupc. Sal, Rio Lagra de, or River of the Salt take, on tlie coaQ of Brazil. Salt Bay, or Buia Saluda, 30 miles N of Cape Tontoral on the coafl of Chili. It has a good fliip road which is much re- forted to by coafting vefllls, for fait as well as other produce. Frefli water may be had near the road. Salada, an ifland in the W. Indies, wjiofe N £ poii:it is in lat. 10 59 N, Ion. 64 la W. Salada, or Salt River, on the coaft of Peru, is within the harbour of Pinas. Salagua Port, on the W coaft of N. Mex- ico, is near the rough head land called Fan Tiago, and 8 leagues from the Valley of Colima. Here are a good harbours, called Las Culletas, or the Creeks, where many (hips may ride. That to the N W is very fafe, and land locked Hgainft all winds, though fmaller than i\\t other. Between Salugua and the White Rock (which joins the head land) is the port of St. Tioga. Salamanca de Bacalar, a fmall but flour- ifhing town of Mexico, on the F. flde of the ifthmus which joins the peninfula of Yucatan to the continent. It contains about 119 houfcs, with a bad fort and a fmall garrifon to prevent contraband trade. N lat. 17 a, \V Ion. 90 30. Salamanie Riviere, a river of the Indiana Territory, which empties into the Wa- hafli from the N N E, 14 miles below the river Ecor a Amelicns, and 265 miles above Tdfl ^u Vincent. It rifts by two branche«, wliich unite about 35 miles from its moutli, « hich lies in lat. 41 3 30 N, and Ion. SC) 25 \\\ S.if.'/Tt, a Moravi.in fcttlcment in the State of Ohio, on Miil'kin);um river. It was forfaken in 1782, -nd plundered by the Indians, who were allies of the Brit* ifli army. Salem, a Moravian fcltlement on the N E branch of Munongahtla river ; a m'lU.t from Gnadentiuttcn, on the oppoftte iidc of the river, and 78 miles W from Pi«tf» burg. Congrefs granted 4C00 acres o^ land to the United Brethren, or Moravi* ans, Sept. 3, 1788, for the purpofo of propagating the Chriftian religion amoujj the heathen. Salem, New, a Moravian fettlement of Chriftian Indians, on Huron river, and near Pettquoiting, on the S fide of Lake Eric. The plantations arc on the VV bank of the river, and the dwelling houfc s on the ¥. fide, which is high land. In June, 1786, thtir new chapel xvas confc- crated. , Salem, a county of N. Jcrfey, bounded E by Cumberland, W by Delaware river. It is divided into 9 townfliips ; thole ot% Delawarp river are generally excellent for fiaflurc, and have large dairies. Tiie arirc', ii» the S W corntr of the coiiniy, Hcljoinin^Pbdow, and divid- rd from Mctliiicii by llic Maflachuletts line. It was iiiC()r|>()rorcd iit 1750, and contains IC77 inhabitants. •S'j/iw, a port of entry and port town of MaflVchiifcit), and tlic ca^iital tif EIIlx CO. 4 miles N W of Mtrlilehcad, and 19 N l)y E of Uodon. It is thciccond town for (izc in llic ComnuinwfrUth, cotitinn- ing 980 houfcs, and 7457 inliijbitants, and, except l»lymoi;th,th'.«>ldeft, wan fet- tled in i6i8, by Covcrnor Endicot, ai\d was called bv th»: Indians, Nnumteng. Here arc a foc'u ty or" (fakers, an Epifco- pal chnrcli, and 5 Cun^jregational locie- tics. TIic town is iltuated cm a peninfu- ]a, formed by two fnull inlets of the fca, called North and South rivers. The for- mer of ihefcpaflcs into Qcvcrly harbour, and has a draw bridge acrofk it, built ma- ny years ago at private cxpcnfc. At this place loinc part of tlic (liipping of the town is fitted lut ; but the principal hni- bour and place for bulincfs is on tlie vther fide of tlie town, at .South riv.er, if that may properly be called a river which depends on the flowing of the fca for the water it contains. So' flioal is this har- bour, that veflcis which draw more than 10 or 12 feet of water, nxud be laden and unladen at a diAancc from the wharves by the aiTiftancc of lighters Notwith- Aanding this inconvenience, more navi- gation is owned, and more trade carried «n in Salem, than in any port in the Commonwealth, Bofton excepted. Tiie inhabitants arc richer than in any town in the U. S. The fiftiery, the trade to the W. Indies, to Europe, to tlic coad of Africa, to the E. Indies, and the freighting bufineis from the foutliern States, are here ail purfued with energy and fpirit. A bank was cftabliflied and incorporated here in 179a, and another in 1803. The entcrprife of the merchants of this place is equalled by nothing but their indefatigable induflry and economy. This latter virtue forms a diflinguifliing feature in the charaiSler of the people of this town. Some perfons of rank, in former times, having carried it to an Unbecoming length, gave a charadlcr to the people in general, of a difgraceful parfimony. But whether this reproach was evit juftiy applied in fo extenfive a meafurc or not, nothing can be more in- jurious than to continue it at the prefcnt time ; for it may juflly be faid of the in- habitants of Salem at this day, that, wJtli a Lutdablc attention to the acquifition uf property, they exhibit a public fpirit and hofpitality, alike honourable to thcm- filvcs and their country. A general plaiiinufs and neatnefs in drefs, buildings and c(]tiip:t^e,and a certain (lillncfs and gravity of manner, perhaps in fome i« A point of laud furhicd Ity ihe \unAiin\ of Mdrrinv.tclc and Puwuw fivers. Here ii i vill.tge very pluafantly fttuutcd on the bank of the Mcrrimick, where, before the revolution war, fltip- buildinj; wiu carried iiu to a confidcrahlc extent, which, thoui^ now much decrcaf- cd.ii (iill not wholly laid afide ; and thi.i, with iti auxiliary trades uid fome little navigation, owned and (ittcd here, give the place a very lively and bufy unpear- ance. The continental frigate /////',;««, was built at thi^i place, under the direc- tion of Mr. Hacket, a very refpcdtablc n-ival architedt. It it 4 miles northerly «if Ncwliuryport, and 46 N E of BoDon. It Will incorporated in 1640, and contains 1 8 ;,f inhabitants. See Poivoiv River. Stili/iitry, a port town of Vermont, on Otter Creek, in Addifon eo. Trout Voad, tit Lnke Dun more, 5 miles lung and % hrond.is in thix town, tt contains 644 in- habitants, and 11 15 utiles L by N of Muunt Independence. Sali/biry, a confidcradlc a0"ifultt>ral towuihip in Hillfborough co. N. Hamp- iliirc. It ii* dtuatcd oil the W Tide of Mer- rimuck r'ivcr, at the mouth of Blackurater river, and oppofite to Canterbury ; 10 or 14 miles N of Concord It was incor- porated in 176S, and contains 1767 inhab- itants. Snltjtury,n pod town, the IVlaf lac oi the tndians,is(hc northwcrternmon townfliip of Conncdlicut, Litchfield co. having Maf- fachufetts N, and N. York \V. It has 2266 inhabitants. Here are feveral forges and iron works and a paper mill. During the late war feveral pieces of cannon were cad in this town. Salijiury, a town of Delaware, Newcaf- tle CO. on the N fide of Du^^k Creek, on the S line of the county; g{ miles S E of Noxtown« and 12 N W of Dover. Salijhiiry, the name of two townfliips in Pennfylvania, in Lancafter and North- ampton counties. Sali/iury, a pod town of Maryland, Somerfet ca between the two principal branches of Wicomico river. It contains about 45 houfc» and an Epifcopal church, and carries on a confiderable lumber trade. It is ( miles S of the Delaware State line, 20 N W of Snow Hill, ij S W of Vienna, a port of entry, and 163 S by W of Phi- ladelphia. Sdlifbiry, a fmall poll town of Virginia, ^(\ miles from Alexandria, and 20 from Jjjilburg. HtHJiiiry, an i.lan J at the W end of Hud- ion'a ^tr.iit>, 1' uf N'iittlii|>liuni IlUial. U lat. 6.; 2!i where im'nieui andartfatten( Salta,i towf 'nee of Tucui vador. Jt coj «mnadcrits,a»i place of ^reat "fgequaniities 'alt, meat, tat, 'iw. which ar( moll parti of l\ 66 .30. AV/.//,, a tow 'urco. now pJv iW/ Ui Taiv fource of Uig tc "»e Mahon?,,., Cteti.^ ° , Sili Pdre Cn: ''Qd. falls into ( *^ '"le; 1 4 miles Salt .Sprint Riv . •'"•7. "fes near tl '«y Companvs la ward into o/ii,, ri "loufl, of the M'a H'ecourfe of the Cave. It runs ah ""les from it« n„ hWh gives name i ^'ItfVorh, i„B, If"'- Since the v< Jin large quantities I r™". ""Provemei f the.r prefent flat- Jfcn|,ed,«Thebot r/'ey^edonfr. ^•"^•1. X u of llie kvbiiry Oilft of [ cniLrt nv into ,qu-^ rlv- riilU ;it the lino liire, 10 lisnbct of • Jcftioy- ialmoii 1" nd acrof^ in feeiiif; king tlicir un fliinct frequently e, moving retting on which op- have gain- le ftream ;r9 in Lake has abiin- its mouth feet. of the ill- of Claune ;ranc'e into Ity of l.in- liiilby, ami jler Virgin N lat. ii Heiflandof , N N E of W. Indies. of the Id' W RoyaL formed by d emptier hio, by » thers, 150 yav d» 1 SAL y.uiU wide ; ao uiilci below the Rapid*, ii i I navi)>:il)li' tor boats abuiic 60 miles. It li.tD good lundit oil it« head waters, but liny are low and uuUualthy ; for 25 mile* troin it« mouth, the land on ca -h ruk- it level and poor, and abounds with poudn. Uvtwesu ^alt and Gi eun rivcrh there ui c twofpring* of bitumen, Which, nlua an- alyzed, i» found to lie ;>niber. ' ftjlt Khtr, on the N thore of Jamaica 1. S ot Point Ciiiliiia. Suit Mlvcr, lUe arm of I he f..'a wliich ri';>Hratcs the iii:iud of (ju.>dalouiic, into two p.irt8, and conimwnicircb with jic ocMu on liotli fides ol ihc illi»»U- it in t\' o Icaguiiii in lenj^th ; 13 pacei broad. i he uavigaiion is hazardous, nor will it admit vtflel* above 15 tons. S'lta, i\ to'vii ot .S. Anicrica, two thirds oftlic way frini Hiieii'is Ayris to I'otoli t where iiiinitule nunilier* of tattu' winici^, and art faileiicd 1)11 their way to I'otod. 5j//4,a town o! .-1. America,in the prov-» inCB of 'I'ucum^n, 58 miles ii of St. Sid- vador. It contains two churchis, four uiuna(lerits,aiu't about 40c huufcs. It is a place of }>reat reiorc on account of the large quaniities of corn, meal, wine, cattle, fait, meat, fut, hides and other commodi- ties, which arc feat from tlt»> place to tnurt parts of Peru. S lat. 25 »o, W lou. 66 30. SiilUifi, a townfltip of Vermont, W.nd- for CO. now Plymouth, Which ice. Salt Li,i Tmvn, lies 18 miles below the fource of Utg Leaver Crock, and :14 above the Mahoning town. ^ie* Hig Beavir Creei. . Si//i PHrt Cn-l, in Baltimore co. Mar)-- land, falls into (rimpuwder river on the W fide ; 1 4 miles K N K ot Baltimore. Suit Spring River, in the Indiana 'I'erri* lory, rifcs near the E line of the New Jer- Icy Company's lands, and runsfuuih call- ward into Ohio river, 10 miles below t^e niuufli of the M'^abafli, and nearly 30, by tlic courfe of the rivor, above the Great Cave. It runs above j6 miles ; and 10 I miles from iti> mouth is the lalt fpring, which gives name to tlie rivcr. Salt H^trit, in Barult.ible co. Mafl'aclui- fttts. Since the year 1776, fait has. bjen rnade on the coafl of this county, but not |in large quantities till wuhin a tew years. Threat improvements have been lately padein the conftrue\iou ot thei'e. works. h their prefent ftatc they have been thus Tiefcribed," The bottom of the vats is con- ^ruAed of boards; and the fides of pl.uik . [id they reft on frames, which arc lu[ • 'Oul. . Yyy S .V L ported by Im ill pi!ei. Thrfe vats are di- vided into three or four rooms, the ficond falling three or tour iuches below the rn'fl,and the third a> much below the (ec- ond, ;iud lo (III. A pipe, which runs uii- dt'i jjrourid, and which communicates with the le.i, eonvrys tlie lalt WHttr into .i will about four teet deep, (n tli-s well i» fixed a piiiii]), wlii^'li Is eoiiiu'OK'd, bv moans of a Ipout, with the linl v.it, called the wa- ter loom, in t.'iis vat, which is loni>er th.inanyof the others, nuich tilth i; dc- potited. After a pioper iinie the water i» dr.twn oif into tiic let'ond vat, calieil the pickle r'^s ot Cliathitiu, an iududrious and ingenious chemill, has however fucceedcd in ob- taining b,)th ; and though his ma^Tinfi.i ik not pci feclly white, his Epfom fait appears to be incapable of improvement. The m.irinc fait is worth fevcnty five cents a bufliel, and the glauber fait lajcentsa pound. T.he value of the Epfom fait and magnefia is notelbmatcd, as the quantity wiiich may be obtained is unknown ; from this data, and the following table, the great importance of this new manufac- ture to tlie county of Barnlkable will ap- pear. A'c. »/ fVorh. No. r>/ Ffit. * }l: k' ' In Huct arc 24 containing 19,500 Nobfcudett 23 - 14.300 Yannouih, 4 - 16,630 Darn liable, 14 - ii."i7 .Sandwich, 4 - 4701 Falmouth, 4 - 1900 Harwich, ax - J 8,600 * By a 'njt is ma:iiit 10 fquari; tVct ; 3C0 facli tVci ii.o.lnec 101 liulhel'i uVinuriiic l.Jc, ;iud4iiill)». '^l.'uUi' l'.iik. I'Ci- jniuim. Chatham. SAL (Dtiathani, Orleans, Jlaftham, Wellflcet, 6 II 11 2 ■ 4' 11,500 3080 9100 180 Truro, I -• 700 Vrovincetov m, lo ' 11,404 ToUl, 136 121.313 SaluJa, a' rivtfr uf S. Carolina, which rifct on the borders of N. Carolina, and, taking a' S '£ coiirfp, joins btoad river at the towhlTiip of Columbiaj and forms the' Congaree. Salut, Art, lies on the S W fidt- of tlie S peninfula of the tflandofSt.Doniingo ; a« bout 14 leagues from Les Cayes, as the road runs, and only 7 in' a ftraight line S W of that town. N lat. 18 6, W ion. 76 ao.' Salviidsre, St. a to\vn'in the province of Tucumun; in S. America, and neat* tlie burditrs of Peru. It lies at the foot of 3' high mountain' which forms part of thtf eaflcrn chain' of the Andes. A little a- . bovi« the town is a conlideralirfe river,- which afterwards empties imtw the river I. eon. (t hiis about 300 houfes, and^ is ft ? leagues N of .St. Jago del Eftero; ff lat. 34 22, W Ion. 60 27. Salvador, St. a fmuQ city of N. Mexicoj in the provhice of CrUatimala, on a river 1 1 milci from the ocean. It has fcw^ lioufes,and Ittle tnide; On the N lide' of it, are lofty mountains, t"iUed the Chan-* talcii, inhabited by poor Indians. In the bottom, where the town Hands, ar^ plan- tations of fugar canei and indigo, with a few farms foe rearing cattle. N lat. xj 5, W lont 90 3. S'ahadbrtf St. the capital of Braail, in 3. America, called alfo the city of the Bay, is within the' f[kiciou» liay of All Saints, which is full of fruitful ifles. This city, which has a n'uV'Ie, fpacious, and commo* dious iiarhour, is built on a high and fteep rock, having the lea upuaonc tide, a lake forming a crelcent on the other. The ittuatiun makes it in a nvimner impregna- ble by nature, and it has very ftrong for- tificationi. It is populous, miagnificent, and beyond comparifon, the moil gay and opulent, in all Brazil. 'Vail quantities of lugar are made in its neighbourhood. S lat. 13 15, W ion. 37 S5- iJ^e All Saints •JBay. HalvaJoife Jt Bayamo, St. a, town of the ifland of Cuba, on a river wtilch runs in- to the head of the bay of Bayamo, about 30 miles N W by W of the town. Salvudurt, St. or CuanaiuHif or Cut //I- and ; whiiU Ice. SAM" Sahafre, a dry rock off Cape Ann, ^r; the coafl of Mailachufctts. AVhcn it bears S £ 2 leagues diAant, you have (> leagues N W to Newburyport bar, and N ^ W II leagues roPortlmouth. N i|ii 8 leagues to Ifle of Shoals. Salvateon de Yguty, a fmall town in the illand of St. Diomingo, a8 leagues E of the city of St. Domingo. It is famous for its fugrtr works and luturiant pafturcs, in which vaft number of cattle fedd. It U alfo called Hi^uey, or Alta Gratia ; which fefri Hamana, a large bay at the £ end of the illaudof St. Demingo. It opens to the N Ebetvreen Cape' SBmiihaj (which is alio called Capfe Kefoii-' oi" Cape Grondeur) ua the N and Cape Raphael S E of the for- mer, 7 liUgues-aparR lt£ mean breadth is about 5 leagues^, and its length 10 leagues.' Seme mariners reckon Pointe d'icaqueior Icaque Point, as the foutherii point of thebay, %Vhich comes after Ca^ie Kapha^l, andid onFy 13 leagues from tlic head of the-bny, and lies in lat. 19 a N, and loni 71 35 Wp of Paris. This bay of- fers a ffife flialtop' to the ftouteft fquad- rtMiK ikying to- the windward of the il!- attd, it lias ehs advantog« over all the oth- er pface* as a iftiaritiitae pofl*, which ren* ders it capable of proted^ing the whole gulf o£ Miixicb, to wliich it is in reality n Key.' Tbe entrance Is difficultj and very Marrow ; becaufe from the foutheru lidi of it7 openings runs a breaker, which ad- tenets in a point towards Port Banidcr, and between whiclv, and the northern coaflf, nature has placed the rock or 11i.il- low, cullcdr th* Rebdi., I'his rock nar- rows thesntr.ince,fo that between it und the land', forming the Niide, in ihe inte- rior of t&e bay, there is littre more th?.i: 800 fathomsw Thus a battery on fliorr, and another on the rock, the Ribelt W()ul; and a battery on the other lide of tlir Rebeli would effeAually prevent any vei- fel from entering between it and thr breakers. See Old Capt Francois. Samba Bay, or Zamba, on the N coall ot the Spapifli Main, is W of St. Martlia' river. ' I SjHiballas, a rocky point remarkabh | long 4nd low, on the N flde of the M- mus of Daricn, wliich is fo guarded wil!> rocks and Ihoals, that it is very dangerous coming near it. N lat. 9 40, W Ion. 7S 43. &i«i/«//a{, a multitude of Tmall iilandi, V ; » fcatterfil ,fcatteced the flioie, a confider iliore of tl the adjacc .of perpetu .J)rolpei5l ft S^hlc cliai andi, throu range the c between th gal'lefrom fords every fandy grout file iJlands r 'Hands are i with a varie rfieiififl, ofi afTord fprinj lent carecnii Ijetween the ifthmus ii fix extending fn gulf of Darie Jnus.fulloffa of water. Samtorofifrl}^ coaft of Nova Bay and har ioufe for the < 30 N, and Ion full and chano SiiKi^OKooi/ia, on the NE fid* the N. W. c«.if of Egoofliak 1 i^andlocked fro fathoms water. fainjon, &c. ■^amilitam,^ I Mexico, la mil "nefidc, and 6 At its mouth i a fliip's comp: and frcfli water Samftojvtt, a ' ^- Jcrfey, a,i nv a»ovci3S\Vo( SampfoH, a CO <^aro!ina, bound ^ uy Bladen, ants, including '">ufc, where a "iiles from Ihy ^oads near Dupl ^rom Waflungtoi Samputa, a towi ht. Sadalltt Point, 1 SAN ,featteccd at very unequal diftanccs from the flioie, and from each other, extending a confiderablc djflance along the northern flioru of the Ilthnnis of Darien, i^nd with the adjacent country, ks hills and foreds ;of perpetual verdure, form a charming .prolpedl from the ,fea. There arc navi- galtlc channels between mud of the ill- ands, tlirough which fliips may paf^, and range the coad of the idhmus ; the fea (between {hem and t^.e fliore Ijcing navi- gahle from one end to the other, and af- fords every where good anchorage iii firm fandy ground, with goqd landing cither oji the illands nr the main. Mod: of thefc iflandsare low, flat, and fandy, covered with a variety of trees, and aimund with ihell fifli of fevcral kinds. Some of them alTord fprings of frefli water, and conven- ient careening places. I'^e long ciiannel between the Sambailas iliands and tlie ifthmus h from i to 4 miles in breadth, cxtendiiig from Point Samballas to the gnlf of Darien and the coaft of the iftlv- mus, full of fandy bays, witli n\iny (Ireai^is of water. SumSortmjrl), Ciifie and TJlivJ, on tlic B. coaft of Nova .Scotia, and W of.Chebuclo Bay and harbour, on which is a light Iiuufe for the diredlion of fliips, iin lat. 44 30 N, and Ion. 6,^ 3 1 W. High uattrr, at full and change, at 8 o'clock. Siim^imoodbaf or Samiiaiiooilba, a h irboiir on the N E fide of Oonahiflika Itland, on ;tlie N. W, coaft of N. America, 10 n^ilcs E of Egoofliak bay. Ships can lie here ,landlocked from all winds in 7, 6, and 4 fathoms water. It abounds with halli'but, falmon, &c. N lat. 53 55, W Ion. 166 .10 15. Samilitam,!i river on the Wcoaft of N. Mexico, iz miles from Point Artcla on nnefide, and 6 farther to Copalita river. At its mouth is an Indian town, where a fliip's company may find provifions and frefl» water. Sampfttvn, a village in Middlcfex en. N. Jcrfey, a,i miles N E of (^libbletown, above 13 S VVof Elv.abtthtown. Sampjfon, a co. of Fayette diftriifl, N. Carolina, bounded N by Johnfon co. and ^by Bladen. It contains 6719 inhabit- ants, including 1 71 2 (laves. The court lioufc, where a pnfl ofllce is kept, is 36 miles from Fayrtteville, 23 from Crofs Roads near Duplin court, houfe, and 387 from Wafl»ington. Samputa, a town of Mexico. See An^e- hi. Sathallet JPoint, near the motith of the river Darien, ?nd NW of the Idandof Pines. It is 1 a miles E of Port Scrivan. Sanficrnt:, i(, or ii.iy, at the S W fide of lake hric, is n gulf llinped like a . Sjidtuich, a townfliip in the nDrthcrn part of StraiTord co. N. Hanipthire, N of Winnipilioijee l^ike. It was ine«)rpi(ratid in I 76,?, and oontainj 141.1 inhabitants. S,in/iiuiib, MalVachulctts, a poll town at the bottom of Cape Cod, in Barnft.'Me to. It extends the whole breadth of the cape, and •» 18 miles S K of Plymouth, an extending from thence along fliorc to Monument I'onds, all included within the towndiip of Ply> mouth. It contains.about lio fouls, one half of whom are mixed, The Indian name of this territory is not known. Thev appear to have been confidered as 4 di(tint5l tribe, now known by the name of the Herring Pond Indians. Saitdivlch /^<7»i,/.(, a group of iflands in thep. Se^,difcoverid by Capt, Cook, who gave them the above name in honor of the Far! of, Sandwich, itndcr whofe ad- miniftratimi thry were flifl vlfiitd. They ct>i>rii1 of II illands, extending in lat. from 18 54 to 22 T.5 N, and 'in Ion. from 150 54 to 140 26 W. They arc called by tlif na;ivcs ©'vhyiiec", Mowcc, Ranai, Morotinnec, Tahowrowa, Morotoi, Wao- hon, Atooi, Nechechow, Orrehona, and Tahoorat all inhabited, except Mnrotiti ncc and Tahoora. Belidc thel'c, the u.i- tivcs (peak of another, lyini; to the W ti W of 'I'ahoora ; which is low and faiulv, nnd vilited only for the pnrpofc of caicli- ing turtle and I'eafowls. As they do imt know «)f any others, it is ])rob.d)ie tint none exill in their nti;.',hliourhood. An account of each inhuhittd ill.ind will \w found in its proper place. 'I'hc cliniiuc dillVrs very little fr«)m that of the WXl India illands in the fame latitude. I'pou thi.' whole, perhaps, it may be more Urn- pi-rate ; nor are there any traces of tliofc violent winds and hurricanes which rcn. der the Aormy months in the Wtfl Indus I'o dreadful. Tlicu: is .•ill'o more rain Ht the S.iudwich lilts, where the mountain^ ous parts being generally enveloped in a cloud, fncceinvc fliowers fall in the in- land parts, with fine weather, and aclr.ir iky, at the iea flrore. Hence it is, that few of thofc inconveniences to which many tropical countries arc fubjee'l, either from heat or m«)iflure, are experi- enced here. The winds, in the winter months, arc generally from £ S E to N K. The tides are very ngtdar, ebbing and flowing 6 hours each. I'he flood comes from the caflward ; and it is high water at the full and change of the moon, 4illllc lIlDt iiitl. All kI will lie c cliniiiie the Wtii ,le. I'liim nore tu.i- ;« of lliofi' I'hich rcti- I'lfl Indus )rc ri>in «t motiutAin- lopcd in a in the in- aiid aclrar : it is, that ) to which •c fubjcift, .arcexpcri- the winter S li to N v.. L-bbing and flood comes high water ? moon, 45 :fl rife is J it always 4 on is above below it. nearly the this octirn. ior quality. not in fnch lius of Ota- lic quantity •c of a very leafuring n cumfercnce, There is alfo jicd like » is in weight, iweet, of a nt fuliftitute re undoiiht- ioffeflcs the ar;d in their id manners, Zcalanilerj neighbours, iidljr IflaiTl-' the mitWl"' walk very gracefully, graccrully, run nlmhly, nnd arccnpahlc of bearing very j'rtat Titiguc ; .iltiiough, upon the whole, the men arp foiufwhat inferior, in point of ftrcnuth ar.'l ai'livity, to the Friendly lllandcrs, ^^nd llrj women Ici'it dtlicjittly fornu-d than t\u,['v of Ota- lifite. Their ci'implcxion is rarlifr dark- er than that of the Otahc itans, and thry are not altogether fo hindfome a pfo^iie. However, n»any of both fcxit. hive fine open coimttn;uici-, ; tin- woriicn in par- ticular have gooti fycs and tix th, with a rweftuffs and fcnlihility of ludk, th«t render thtni very cnj»a;,;in,r;. 'I'lieir ha'r is of a hrownifii Mack ; neither iniiform- Iv ftiaight, like that of tlic American In- dians ; nor niiirorinly curling, as amonj^ the ntgroe* of Afiica. There is one pe- culiar charavflcriilic of this ureat n.ition, and which is alio prevalent in the Friend- ly Illandcrs, that even in the handfomcft faces there is a fullnrfs of the noflril, with- nut any flatnefs or fprcnding of the nofe. This may probably be the eflrrt nf their i : lal mode of I'alutation, which is by V ifTing the ends of their nofes together, 1 he fame fuperiority thRt is oblcrved a- mong the higher ranks, through all the other illands, is found here. The chiefs are, almoft without exception, pcrfcdtly well formed ; whereas the lower fort, be- fide their general inferiority, are fubje«S); to all the variety of make and figure that i< fecn in the populace of other countries. Tattooing the body is muth pradtifed here. The natives rife with the Sun, ^nd, after enjoying the cool of the evening, retire to refl a few hours after funfet. Their inftruments of war are fpcars, dag- ];ers, clubs and flings. The dagger is a weapon peculiar to thcmfelves. It is from I to 2 feet long, made of heavy black wood refembling ebony, fliarpened at one or both ends and fecured to the hand by a firing. Its ufe is to (lab in clofe fight, and it is well adapted to the purpofe. They have alfo the knife or law, with which the New Zealanders cut up their flaughtercd enemies. For dc- feafive armour they wear flrong mats, which ate not eafiiy penetrated with fuch weapons as their's. SiinJwIch, or Haivlei River, is % miles within Chebu<5to Harbour, Nova Sco- tia. Sandtoicb, a fmall river at the bottom of Barndable Bay, Maffachufetts. Sandy Bay, Little, on lake Ontario, be- tween Sophiaiburgh and Maryfturgh, U. Canada, ii fuppUed by the £. Ukc lying alfobetwrrn tlicfe townflnps.in the cf un. ty of Prince lidwaril. f!timty Bay, on lake Ontario, U, Cannd.t, in thetownfliip ot Amclialhiirgh, lies im. mediately K of, and clofe to the Kle do CJninte. S.imly B>y,at the F. rod of the ifland of Jamaica ; .S of Mulatto river, and 6 inihs N ot Mauchaneel Harbour. S,iii,/y B.iy, at the N W extremity of the lame illand, W of Stoildard U.iy, and K of (ircen Illand. LUt'r S.imly ll(i\,an the 8 1'". part of the ill.oul i< about a league W ol Point Moranl. Samly (liyer lie olF tli<' entrjinreof Port Royal Harbour. Sjn.fy Cove, to the N \V round the point of Cape Ann, MalTachufitts, and lies betweeu two head lands. N lat. 4Z 45, W Ion. 7030. 6''""/v H.irhour, on the F, fide of the ill. and of St. I.ncia, near the S Y. point of the illand, where a Inull river empties in<. to the ocean. ijiimly mil, a fmall village in N. York, in the lownlltip of Kingfbury, two miles N of Fort Fdward, on a high hill at the bend of, and overlooking Hudfon'i river from the V.. Here is a port ollitt, 454 miles from Wafliington. Siinify Hoot, or Point, it\ the townfliipof Middleton, N. Jerfey, forms a capacious harhour, thence and from the inlet pallcs to N. York, about aj milts diflant. From Montauk Point, on Long Illand, to the Hook, is S W by W i W 14 leagues, and then W by S 22 leagues. The pilots irc obliged to keep a good and fulliclcnt whalcboat ready at the Hook. Hi^h water, at full and change, 37 minutes .if- ter 6 o'clock. The light houfc, on the N point of the Hook, lies in lat. .oiir. Sjtr/y Point, near the S E point of the irtiitul or Antigua, on the larboard fide of I lie opening into WillovijjUby Bar. Sim/y P»inf,t\\e N E point of N'antuck- < t lllaad, on the coud of Mafl'achu^ctts. N Int. 4L 13, W Ion. 70. f)nnJy Point, a town of the Wand of St. Cliriltopher's, on the S W fide of thi- ill- and, in St Anne's parilh, and in FIj; tree Bay. It is a port «)f entry, and in defend- ed by Charles I'ort, and JJrimftone Jiill, botli near the town. S.tnJy Piver, See Big S^iniiy .River. SmJj River, MiinS, rifts in Cumber- land CO. confifts of many fmall branches ; runs a N E courfc, and tmptie«*nto Ktn- nebeck river, at the N W cwrner of the townlliipof Starks. Sandy Rivar Old Towm. See THcfimh, HanJyfoH, a townflup of ^. Jerfpy, Snf- fex CO. on Delaware river, at tlie foot of the Blue Mountain*, about 11: miles uiiove Walpack, and abont as far N W of New- ton. It contains 519 inliabitants. Hanfnrd, a port toWit in York co. Mairxe, bounded SE by Wells and SWby Berwick and Lebanon in the famceounty. Moiif- «m River pafles tlirough Sandford and Creal Works, which is a north eaflerly hranch of Pifcatnqua, lias its fource here •and pafles into Berwick. It lias 1363 Tniiabitants. Hunford, atownffiipof N. York, Dutch- es CO. has 234<) inhabitants. Sitnjrallan, or Gallam Cafe, called Cargal' Ijn by the Britifli feamcn ^ i$on tlie coaft of Peru, N N W of the ifland of Labos, and 3 miles N W of Carette IHand. On the S hde of the cape is a very good har- bour, riuch frequented by the coafting fliips from Panama and Lima. O^ this cape it is very biuncring and Jllorin.y. Hangasy or St. Duftt Cretli, a fmaH ftream in U. Canada, emptying itfelf into lake Eric, ea(t of Sangas point ; it aflfords a harbour for boats, having about 3 feet of water on its bar. Smyth. Sangat Ptint, or St, DuJi'tfoiHt, on theN fliorc of lake Erie, E of the river Wave- ncy ; U. Canada ; is the mod projevarnicr part of tlit jurifdidlion are fown with maize, v heat and barley. Here are alfo great num- bers of goats, isut not jnany flieep. The Indians herjs weave a co.nli.dcrabie quanti- ty of cloth and cotton. 'I he mines oi fait hcr,e have fome mixture of nitre, which renders it not fo proper for faltinjf meat j and accordingly that inade at Guy- aquil is preferred, tbougli dearer. Near the vil];ige of Mira, are great numbers of wild afl'es, which incrcafc very faft, and are not ealiiy caught. They have all the fwiftnefs of horfes, and afcend and dc- fcend lulls and mountains with eafe. But tlie moft remarkable circumAance related of thefe ani;n;a!s is, that as foon as they have carried ily; firft load, their celerity ^wl dangerous ferocity leave them, and they foon contraA the ftupid look and dullnefs pecul^r to all the afiinine fpcr cies. San Miguel de liarrd, the capital of the above jurifdi(Stion. It Aand; on a large- plain between two rivers. The parifli church is a large and elegant flru, and .a great va- riety of other birds ; and on the coafl a greit plenty and variety of fiflx. There are hero no noxious infetJls, whicli are^ comm(m in other iflands of the torrid Zone. In a word, the Iflahd of Santa Cruz, and others of the fame i;roup, offer the mod valuable rclburces to navigators who traverle the CJrfut Pacific Ocean, S of the line; Santa Cru* £; la Sien'tt, a large jurifdic- tion- in the' kinj'islom of Peru, l)ut thinly inhabited by Spaniards. The niillicns oV Paraguay ar« intWs jurifcIit'Viwn. Sarit.t CritT. Je la •f?;V/r W Ion. 1O6 35. Santa Fc Hay, on tl'C N eoad of ir:. America, VV of Comana Gulf. Santa Pe A 8at;r>ta, the capital of ihr province of Vev Oranada, in S. America, iii the fee of aa archbitbop, and the feat ofarruniverlity. Neiir to the city is fli*- lake Ouatavita, (qion. the banks of whicli the favagcs formerly lacriliced to ihcit idols; to whom they olI«red much gold, and other tilings of great value. N lat. -^ 58, \V Ion. 73 5. Santa Ijlund, or Holy IJlaiuf, on the coafl of Peru, is oppofite to the port of Fcroi It is 3 miles from the port and city of Santa, and as far from Ferol, which is eaft- ward of it. Santa Maria, a river of the Ifthmus of Darieu, navigable 8 or 9 leagues, and fo far the tide flows ; but above that its twa branches will only admit canoes. It emp- ties into the Gulf of St. Michael in the Pacific Ocean. The town of its name is about 6 leagues from its mouth ; and ■!« conliderable on account of the gold mines in its neighbourhood, which are worked to great advantage, but the country about it is low, woody, and very unhealthy. N lat. 7 30, W loiu 8a ao. Santa, i*«rf,on the coafl of Peru, is N E of .Santa Ifland, in the mouth of a river of the fame name. Santa Martha, a province of Terra Fir .• ma, .S. America, bounded £ by Rio de ta Ha:ha, anA W by e»rtl»»g,ena. Sat^a % SAN SAP Sa'iia AIurtija,t\ie capital of tlic above pruvincc, and the fee of a hilliop, wus formerly very populous, but is now much decayed, occafioued by the Spauiili ilects not touching there, as fonnerly. There are large fait ponds 4 miles from the town, from which good fait is extradtcd aud lent to the neighbouring provinces. It Hands ne:»r the fea, at the foot of a prodijjious mountain, whofe fummit is generally hid in the clouds ; but in clear weather, when the top appears, it is covered with fnow. In fome places in the vicinity are gold xniues, and in others precious Hones of great Value. Santm, a navigable river of S. Carolina, the largeft and k;ugefl in that State. It cinptic-i into the ocean \\\ 4 mouths, a little S of Georgetown, about no miles in adireclline from its mouth, u brandies into the Congarte andAV'ateree j the lat- ter, or northern branci), pailcs tlie Cata- l)aw nation of Indians, anU bears the name of Catabaw river, from this futtlemcnt to its fources. Santo Efhiritu, a captainfltip of Brazil, bounded N by the captainllip of Seguro, and S by that of, Rio Janeirti, from wliich laltthe river Paraybo feparates it, and after a long courfe from W to E, empties into the ocean, in lat. at 30 S. This government is the moH fertile, and bed furnillied with all forts of provifions of any in Brazil ; having alfo an incredible quantity of fifh and game. Its low lands being interfcdlcd by a great number of rivers, are very fruitful; and the high grounds are covered with fortfts of large trees. Here are three rivers in Brazil, called Parayba, or Paraiba, viz. one which gives its name to a captainfliip al- ready defcribed; the fccond is that abovementioned, aud the third empties into the ocean between Cape St. Vincent, and Rio de la Plata. Santo Efperitu^ the capital of the above captfiinfliip, and indeed the only town in it, is lUuated on the S fide of a large bay on the oadcrn coall of Brazil, about 9 miles from the fea. It hat a caAlc in ruins, but no fortifications, and contains about 900 inhabitants. Here are two monaf- terics aud a college. The port is a I'inall bay, opening to the £, interfeiSted with many fmall iflands. On the top of a mountain, at fomc diftance from the town, is a large white towt r, called, by the Portuguefe, Noftra Senhora de Pena, and near it a finali church, furrounded with a wall. At the foot of the moun* tain, arc Hill to be fccn the melancholy remains of a place once called Villa Veja, or the Old City. S lat. 20 36, W Ion. .39 56. 5j/// ajo inhabitants. It hits a parifli church, a monallery, and a college. S lat. 24 26, W Ion. 42 30. Haciij, or Saone, a fmall ifland near the S £ part of the illand of St. Domingo. It k about 8 leagues from E to W, and 2 from N to S. Its circumference is nearly 25 leagues. It lies E of St. Catherine Ill- and ; and at each of iis extremities, E and \V is a mountain, and there is a third at a point about the middle of the ioutli- crn fide. 'i'hcfe mountains at once ilivl- ter and water it, aud temper the air. The Indians called thij illand AJuwuuoy, and had a particular cacique, who wa» i'ovcreign of the illand, independent of thofe of. St. Domingo. His lubje«fls de- voted themfelves to commerce with the Spaniards, to agriculture, to cultivation of grain and fruits. Tluy furnilhed enough tor the confumption of the city of St. Do- mingo, and for provilioning feveral expe- ditions, going from that port. Some Cadihans having caufid the cacique to be eaten by a dog, this adt of cruelty be- came the caui'e of a quarrel, and the Spnn- iards having exterminated the unfortu- nate inhabitants, formed fettlements on their little illand. It is furrounded with banks and breakers, except at the weftern part J but there is a pallage for fmall barks, between its N fide, and the main of the ifland of St. Domingo. 'I'he illand and its port are a Iheller for the mariners failing in this part who here find water, wood, and wild cattle, all which are iu abundance. It is impoflible to have an idea of the vail quantities of birds, and particularly of wood, pigeons, that are I'een here. The caftcrn point of the ifland lies in lat. 18 9 N, and Ion. 71 11 W of Paris. Sofia St. Michael (fe, a village in the val- ley of Arica, in the province of Charcos, in Peru. It is a fmall place, but faniouii for the quantity of Guinea pepper pro- duced in its vicinity. It will not thrive in mountainous parts, but is cultivated in the vallits. The inhabitants oi this viU In.se J SAR S AS incholy a Vfja, »• V) 56. p of St. river y c a milt: It ii ide licit two cul- Jther in coiiliiiui church, .t. 24 a6, near the iigo. It is d 'Z from early 15 jriiie 111- nities, ii is a third le ioutli- >nce ilitl- the air. AJuuiunoy, who was indent of bjefts de- with the tivation of cd enough of St. Do- eral expc- ■t. Some lacii^ue to uelty bc- the Sp?.n- unfortu- iments on ided with le wcftern |for linall [le main ot he iiland _ mariners find water, jich are in to have an lirds, and that are It of. the [on. 71 ^^ lin the val- If CharcDS, lut famous jpcr pro- fnot thrive [tivated in af this viU ■ lage \kgt fell annually no lefs than 80,000 crowns worthofit. Slat. 1730 W Ion 78 10. Stij>elo,& village of Georgia, Liberty co. oppofite tothc lb\ind and iiland of that name, 6 miles S of Sunbruy. Saponies, Indians wiu) inhabit on a N branch ttf Sul'ijuchannah river. Warriors 30. See Mnitfjys. Sutiimachn, a river in Snrrinaitt, iSrtri7/rcf, a river of N '^ork, which rifcs from feveral In. >el;i' long tlie moun- tains W of .' . Chaw I, and after a N E conrl'c ot yo miles, ....ters the Lake .It Plattfburgh It has feveral rapids round wliich are carryingp.iths;ii abounds with various fpecies of filb. Sar which is W of Cape St. Augufline. Siirmiento, JJIands, Pedro di, in the Soutlx Pacific Ocean, are thought to be the fame as the Duh nf Tori's IJlands, northward of the W end of the ftraits of Magellan. They lie in about lat. 50 S, and are abuiut 80 in number. Sarenilla, or Serranella, fhoals off the ifl- and of Jamaica, 25 leagues W of Pedro Shoals, and 37 W of Portland Point. The middle of thern lie in lat. 16 lo N, and Ion. 80 45 W. Siirtiiie Jjks, a name givento feveral cluf- tors of ides on the N. W. coaft of N. Amer- ica, S ot Cape Hedtor. They produce neither tree nor fhrub. SaJJuitJji'wme, a river of N. America which rifcs above lat 54 N, Ion. 1 141^ W, paliinj^ through Mud lake and Cedar Like, is navigable nearly to its fource, and emp- ties its waters into Winipie lake. A few miles from the lake it has rapids for three miles, where it is sibout a mile wide. The 5 bank Smm i M 1 £1 il ■ \ M SAU SAV Sfaznlcisofrockmore than j j feet high. At the foot of the foils is an excellent (Vnrgeon fiihery. On this river the Eng- lifli have 5 faoories for trading with the natives. Among thefe are the Nepawi, Knifteneaux, Stone Indians, Affiniboins, and fome others. See H^inipes ''te- .Safa/rai,^ fmall navigable river of Ma- ryland, which rifes in Delaware State, and runs weftward into Chefapeak Bay. It feparates Kent co. from that of Cecil, and has the towns of Fredericleftdwn, Georgetown, and Saflafras on its banks. SatiUa, Great and LiHie, two rivers of Georgia, which fall into the ocean, in Camden eo. between the> Alatanu^ and St. Mary's rivers. Saueoit, Upper and 'Lnveft townfiiips in Northampton co. Ptennfylvania. Sauiiej, or Sdiiies, an Indian tribe refid- ingat Bay Puan.in the'N.' W. Territory, near the Minomanies. Saunders Ifland, in the S. Atlantic osean,- one of the fmall iflands which furround the Faulkland Ifles. Saundert IJland, in SoiKh Georgia, in the .S, Atlantic Ocean. S lat. ST 5% W Ion. a6 54- Saundert IJland^ call' jy the natives' Tapoamanao, in the S. ciilc Ocean, is reckoned one of the Sociecy Iflands. When Port Royal Bay at Otaheite is S 70 45 E, didant 01 miles, this illand bears S S W, Slat. 17 28, W Ion. 151 4. It is about two leagues long., SaunderfviUe, a- town in Wafliington co. Georgia. Saara, L'onoer Tiivn, is -on the S fide of Din river, N. Carolina. It was former- ly the chief town of the Saura Indians. Saura, Upper Town, an ancient and well peopled town of the Saura Indians in Stokes CO.- on the S fide of Dan river. Sattteurs te Marnedes., or Leapert HUl, a" precipice near the river Sautcurs, at the Nendofthe iftand ofGrenadsL After the year i6jo thf-French gradually exter- minated tb«Charaibe»; neavthisplacethey^- butchered 40 of them on the fpot ; and 40 others, who had- eftaped the fword, threw themfelves headlong into the fea from this precipice, and nriferably perilh- ed. A beautiful young girl, of zt or 13 years of age, who was taken alive, became the object of difpute between two of the French officers, each claiming her as a lawful prize, when a third of thofe white favages put an end to the conted, by {Iiooting the girl through the head. 5f Mouco, and 20 leagues N E of Cape Ferrol. Savage IJland, in the S. Pacific Ocean, is about 33 miles in circuit, and is inhabited hy favagcs. It is overrun with buflies, and has no- jjort.' S lat. 19 4, W ion. 169 30. Savage IJldndy Great, in Hudfon's Strait?. N'lat. 6» aj, Wlon. 7a High water, at full and change, at lo'o'clock. Savage IJlandfLeiuer, in the fame (traits, has high water at full and change at 9 o'clock. N lat. 6i 48, W Ion. 66 aa Savage Point, Upper, on the V fide of Hudfon's Straits, S £ of Cape Charles, and helps to form the ifiand of Good Fortune. • Savage Sound, a pafiTage in thi N part of the Welcome Sea, in Hudfon's Bay, in- to Repulfe Bay. It is but little known. Savage't Pofl, at the Rocklahding, 10 mil£s below the Falls of Oconee river. Savannah, a bay at the £ end of the ifland of Antigua, a little W of Indian Creek. Savannah Channel, towards the S E point of the S fide of the ifland of Jamai- ca, W of Port Morant Harbour. Savannah, a port of entry audpoft town of Georgia, and formtsrly the metropolis of the (late, in Chatham co. on the S fide of the river Savannah, on ;a high fandy bhiff, 17 miles from the ocean. Veflcls unload a part of their cargo 4 miles be- low, as there is but 14 feet water in the river at the town. The town is regular- ly built, in the form of a parallelogran', and, including its fuhurhs, contained, in 1787, about a,3CX3 inhabitants, of whom about 80 or 90 were Jews. About 3C0 houfes were confumed by fire in the fall of 1 796. The exports for one year, end- n la, is the he cur- •ry few ened in fuddcu Sa&t. Smyth. faryland, Allegha- «vmac \V I a I mill'* ,8 S E of »t8 carry- ia in 4 or fi time to fame ftraits, change at 9 , 66 aa t l> fide of pe Charles, id of Good S A V ingihe 30th September, 1794, amounted to the value of 163,830 dollars. This ci- ty was bravely defended by the Britifh general Prevoft, againd a I'uperior force, headed by Count d'Edaingand Gen. Lin- coln. The allies made a fatal and unfuc- cefsful attack oQ the i8th of> Otflober, 1779, when they were obliged to retreat, after having from 1000 to 1100 men .killed and wounded. It is 119 miles N by £ of St. Mary's, 13a S W by S from Augufta, 925 in a like diredkion from Philadelphia, and 653 from Wafliington. N lat.'3a 3, W lon^gi 24. Saviinnab River, divides the ftate^of Georgia, from that of S. Cakoliaa, and purfues a courfe nearly from N W to S £. It is formed chiefly of two branches, the Tugelo and Keowee, which Ipring from the mountains, and unite under the name of Savannah, 15 miles N W of the north- ern boundary of Wilkes CO. Itis navigable for large veflcis 1 7 miles up to Savannah, and for boats of 100 feet keel to Auguda. After a fall juft above this place, it is palT- able for boats to the nK>uth «f Tugelo river. After it takes- the,name of Sa- vannah, at the confluence of the Tugek> and Keowee, itr^eceivcs a number of tributary ftreams, from the >Georgia fide, the principal of which is Broad rijrer. Tybec Bar, at the entrance of Savannah river, has 16 feet water Mt half tide. Ty- iKe light houfe lies in lat. 34 N, and Ion. 81 10 W, and from thence to Port Royal is 6 leagues N £ ^ E. The flood in this river was fo great in Ftob. 1796,. that the water rofe 35 feet above its ordinary lev- el, and 9 feet 4 inches higher than was ever known before. In Augafla, the Areets were plied by boats which could carry 15 tons. Savannah Jiiver, Little, falls into the gutf of Mexico, N W of St. Jofeph's Bay. Savannah la Mar, at the E end of the ifland of St. Domingo,- is a fettlement on the S fide of the bay of Samana, oppofite the city of Samana on the Nfide, and lies between the bay of Pearls, (which is an excellent port) and the Point of Icaque. It has its governor and redtnr, and is fit- uated at the end of a plain, which is more than 10 leagues from E to W, and 4 wide from N to S. I'he city of Samana and this town were both begun in 1756, and together do not contain more than 500 fouls. The anchorage here is only fit for fmall veflels. Shallows and breakers ren- der the navigation very dangerous be- :tween this and the poiut of icaque, 4^ Jeagues diftant. SCA Savannah la Mar, on the 9 fide of Xli* Ifiand of Jamaica, in Cornwallis county, has good anchorage tor large veflfcls. It was almod entirely deftroyed by a dread- ful hurricane and inundatiom of the fea, in 1780. It is now partly rebuilt, and contains from 60 to 70 houfes. It heari from Bluefield's Point W by N ^ N about 3 leagues. N lat. 18 12, W Ion. 786. Saverio, a cape or point on the N co.id of S. America, on that part called the Spanifh Main. Between it and the itl- land Barbarata is the opening to the ifland of Bonaire. Savilla, St. a fmall town of Georgia, 64 miles. S. of Savannah,, and 6j N of St. Mary's. Savoy, a lownfliip in Berkfln're co. Maf- fachufctts, incorporated in 1 797. Inhab- itants 430. Sbuiyer'i Ferry,* fmall port town of N. V Carolina, 14 miles from NLxontou. S^wyer*s,Ot ^fftraHores, IJIaml, on the W coaft of Mexico ; is fniall, and has on its S E fide a fmall creek of its name, which boats can only enter at high water. It is It miles frcnn the Bar of Realejo. Saxa/)/thatv, the upper part of the N W branch of Cape Fear river, in N. Car- olina. It 'is formt'd by Aramanche .and Deep river's, and it is laid may be made navigikble Cor boats about 50 miles. Saxegotha,.,* village in S. Carolina, on the fouthera bank of Congaree river ; about48.TiilesNW of Augu(la,in Georgia. 'Saxtans-Rher, in Vermont, empties in- tathe Conneilii( inaiul. It in 3 or 6 furlongs broad, and nearly the fame in depth. Syarboioiigb, a town and fort in the ifl- tnd of Ttibago, in tijc W. Indie*. Hcaroon, Lake, in Wafliingcon co. N. Jer- sey, has a poA office, and liet 41,1 milts from Wafliinifton. Scarflute, a townlhip in SV. Cheftcrco. N. York, hounded W by Bronx K. and S by N.Rociielk. It contains 238 inhabitants. SejtMri,a, fmali uninhabited illand on the eaflern coafl of Cape Breton. It is about 6 miles long and % bruud, It icrves a» a ilictlcr to a bay front the K and 6, call- ed Men.iduu, or Panadou Bay. N lat. 46 3, W Ion. J5( iS- It wai) formerly called Little Cape Breton. Scauyart, a river of N. York, which if- Aies from the N Ecorner of Seneca Lake, and feparating the townlhips of Komulu^ and Junius on ihc N| empticg into Cayu- ga lake. Scbatecoie, a townfliip of N. York, in Rennilacr co N of Lanlinburg. It has 3352 inhabitants. Sebacadcro, a fmall village on the Iflh< mus of Darieu ; on the E fide of the tnouth of the river Santa Marie, on a rif- ing ground, open to the Gulf of St. Mich- ael. It has a line rivulet of f refli water, and fcrves as a place of reliclhment to the miners. The frcfli breezes from ihe fea render it very healthy. N lat. 7 jo, Wlon, dij. Scblcffcr Fort, or Sliijher, in the ftate of N. York, is on the cattcrn fide of Niagara river, near the celebrated falls, on the N bank of a bend of the river, and oppofiie to the N W end of Navy Illand. Scbot/ae,z townlliip in RenHelaer cu. N. York, taken from Renflelaerwick,and in- - corporatcd in 1795. It is 14 miles S £ of Albany ; and has 3688 inhabitants. Sehoenbruim, or the Beautiful Sj ring, one of the cafternmoH Icttlements of tiic Mo- ravians on Mufliingum river. See GnaJ- enhuetttn This iettlement of Chriltiun Indians was eflabliflied in 1 7 7 z, on a tradl of land granted by the Delaware tribe. In 1775, the chapel, wluch could conti.in joo people, was found too Iniall for the hearers, who came in great numbers. It was fitualed about 70 miles from Luke Erie, and 75 W from Triedenftadt. It had a good fpring ; a fmali hke ; good planting grounds ; mueli game ; and ev- ery other convenience for the fupportof au Indian colony. It appears that a large SCH fortified Indian town formerly flood licrr; fomc ramparts and the ruiiim-l three In- dian fortH being Hill vifil)le Hit Dda- wares yr luted 10 the Cl»riftian IiuIihd^ .ill tile tract irom the entrance 01 Ockcl- muckpccliui Ilk Creik intii th.. Muimii< gum, to Tulearawi. i his thriving, iettle- ment was deflroyed inijSa, when the Huron Indi.iiiscariiid the inhabitants to Sandulky ; and when tliefe iie;ictablt In- dians were jHrniitui,! to return to rt.tp their harvcft, thty tvtre crutlly huteliertJ by the Aiiuricau letiiir*, while pr.miiig Goii and toigiviug their enemies. Con- grtL.in Stpt. i78>s,f;rrtnttd .loooacro of l.inu iiere (o the lociety ui the United Brethren for the purpoJe ol propagatin;; tilt goijiel Scoo/jtirii, a CO. if N. York, iakv... from Albany and Oilego counties, and incoi- poraled in 179.;. The land is variegatcU with hilis ; is in general lertile and wtll watered hy bchoharie, Cobus Kill, and I'everal other ftreams. The county is hounded N by Montgomery, S by Ulfter, £ by Albany, and W by Otftgo. By 11 law pHfled 17th March, 1797, this county was divided into the Hx following towns, viz. Schoharie, Middleberg, Blenheim, Bridul, Cobleikill, and Sharon. It ron- tains 9808 inhabitants. " Perhaps, (lays a traveller,) there is not a more aflonilli- ing iuftanee of petrifae^lion in the wclterii world, than is to be fecn about half a mile S £ from the court hoiife in Schoharie county. It is a hill, wliofc fixe almoft en- titles it to the appellation of a mountain, which may be pronounced a mere ni.iis of petrified ttidh. I went to the top of the hill which is Ibme thoufand feet higher than the ground where the court houfc fiunds, and ex.imincd the rock as I went no, and then along the top ot the ridge for one miltv^ The rock is general- ly covered with a thin foil, but lies hare at diliercnt intervals, not far diftant from each other, in its whole extent ; and in fome places projedls from the ground ten or twelve feet. Every inch of the rock exhibits petrified fliells in their perfect form. In one place I broke ofif a piece of the rock, in a deep fiflure. 10 feet from the furface of the rock, and found it to be of the lame compofition. Wherever the rock IS cxpofcd to the fun, it refemblcs brimflone ; where it is hid from the fun, it is dark, coarfe and rough. It feems to be compofed wholly of river (liells ; I could find no oyftcr fhells. There is one thing particularly worthy of remark. Aithoughit ii h a r!dg( petrified bly run which a J feiilly pel Schuhat above CO. and is om ing towns are 1696, and 40 mi Scljoburi of about 't Mountain river at branch of On tlic E wftts name •Sc/h.oJucI ScoOililt, Schuyler, Rome, (tan nvcr, 7 mil Sjbuyler, Mohawk r eornpaol pa hove- the ti, Sihuy!er,.i •"cr CO. oeti ada Creek, ! German Fla ants, ft w,, Sikuylers W Of Lake and 4 or .T b ScbuyHill, which rifes I tains, throug champaign c fijurcc upwai «(ftion, and Philadelphia, pofite Mud II cify. It will Reading, 8j when the cai completed, r and alfo form Delaware abo floating bridge 'og' faftencd the water, in t A bridge of thi en arch reftin^ «Pe Its extreme 1 SCH RCI lod hcrr; thrcL In- l,c D.la. )\ Oi-Wcl- MlllK Mi- ll^', Ititk- ,llCil ttic JitiUltS to ;c;il>ic In- i to ri.n> |)Uti:lii;i:il ^ ^ji'.iiliiig ics. Con- )0 acri.!i of lie United rop;ij;aiini; Lak^.: frcm and incoi- varitgatea e and well s Kill, and county '\f< S liy UKtcr, It go. By » this county wing towns, , Bttnlicim, on. It ron- [rhaps, (lays [)re aflouilli- thc wcllcin half a mil': Schoharie ;e alinoft tn- ja mountain, mere nials |o the top of jufand tcti :re the court the rock as top ot the . is general- jut lies bare diftantlVoin |tnt ; and in ground ten ol the lock iheir perfcA e off a piece lo ftet Irom jundittobc heicvtr the [it refemblcs Hntheiun,it feems to he ■lis ; I could is one thing Althoughit ii h a rulgc fo tkv.itrd, tlmt no water of a pttrifitd quality, or otJicrsvil'c, can polii- hty run titerc, I faw a bcncli ot moli, v'hich a gcntlcmnn had found there pcr- letitiy pe tf ified." liaLitice. Schobiirie, the principal town in tlie above CO. ii on Schoharie Creek or river, and \f> one of the wealtliiell inland faru)' iug towuD in the Hate. I lie inliabitaiits are i696,ci)ieny Dutch. It i» between jo and 40 miles W of Albany. Schoharie River, runit a nortlierly coiirfc of about 80 miles trom the Kaats' Kill Mountain!), and empties into Mohawk river at lort Hunter. The weflcrn branch of this river is called Coluis Kill. On tlic E fide of Cubus is the lettlcmeut erf its name. SchoiiJuci. Sec I'reiuhment Bay, and Scooilici, Schuyler, Fort, Neiv, in thetownfliip of Rome, Hands on the W tide of Moliawlc river, 7 miles W ot Whitcftown. SJwy.'er, Fort, OtJ, is On the S f.dc of Mohawk river, 3 miles £ N £ ot the I'limpaol part of Whiteftown, and io a- hove the German tlats. See Utica. SthuyUr,,i townlhipof N. York, Hcrkc- mer co. Octwcen Mohtnvk river and Can- ada Creek, 20 miles above the town of Gtrman Flats. It contains 9^)5 inliabit- ants. It Was incoriiorated in I7<;z. Schuyler's Liiic, In N. York, is 10 miles W of Lake Otltf;<.'. It is 9 miles long, and 4 or 5 broad. SchuyUill, A river ol Pennfvlvania, which lifts N W of the Kittatinny Moun- tains, through which it pafl'es into a iiiic champaign country, and rune, from its fouree upwards of 120 miles in a S E di- reftion, and pafling through the limits of Philadelphia, falls into the Delaware, op- pofite Mud Ifland, 6 or 7 miles below the city. It will be navigable from above Reading, 83 or 90 miles to us mouth, when the canal begun at Norriton is completed. This will pafs by the falls, and aire form a communication with the Delaware above the city. There are 3 floating bridges thrown acrofs it, made of logs fadened together, and lying upon the water, in the vicinity of Philadelphia. A bridge of this river, condOing of a wood- en arch refting on two Aone piers, it is expcAcd will be completed in the courfe ofthcyear 1804. Itisat thcWcndofMar- ket ftreet. It is a work of great expenfe and enterprifc. The weftern pier is at bottom 30 feet broad and 71 feet 6 inches in its extreme length ; its ends batng fitnt- ciroular. Tliii nicr is of folid mafonrr, and has 72.53 loi ■) in its loiiridation, wlmli is 29 feet btUnv low witcr mark. It was iiigun on Chridmas day, and in 40 days from ncccllity ciiiupkttd. Little Smylit/t /J/i'cr (alls into this river IVoni tlic N, at Rcaduig. On the Ix.ad watci s of ifchuvl- kill are quantiiits of (oal. Stiolo Jiiver, which talis Into the Ohio, in the (lute of Ohio, is larger than the Hockhocking,and optns a more cxtenlive navigation. It is pallablc lor large barg* - es lor 2CO milts, with a portage of (inly 4 miles to the Sanduiky, a hoatiible water wliich falls into lake £rie. Throiigh the Sandiilky and Sriuto lies the molt cuni> nion pals from Canada to the Ohio and Mill'ilippi ; one cl the moll cxtenlive and uieiul couununications to he found in any country. Prodigious extenfions of tcr- I itory are here eoniuttid ; and, from the r:iad;>, Lake Erie, and thu Kentucky countries are fettling, \\c may anticipate an iinnienru intcrcourl'e between them. The flour, corn, flax and hemp, raifed for exportation in that great country between the Lakc!t Huron and Ontario,' will find an outlet through Lake Erie and thele rivers, or down the Miihlippi. '1 he O- hio merchant can give a. higher price til. in thole of Quebec for thefc commod* itits ; as ihcy niiiy be tranfported froni the foriiur to Nc.v Orleans and the Weft Indies, with Idsexjuurcriik andinfurance than from the latter ; while the expenfe from the place or growth to the Ohirt will not be ^ of what it would be to Que- bec, and much lefs than even to the Onei- da Lake. The ftream of the i-cioto it gentle, no where broken by falls. At loinc places, in the fpring of the year, it overflows its banks, providing for large natural rice plantation::. Salt fprings, coal mines, white and blue clay, and free- ftone, abound in the country adjoining this river. Its mouth'is in N lat. 38 40, W Ion. 83 30 ; about 300 miles below Pittfburg, and is navigable to its fouree in canoes. Scioto, a county in the ftate of Chilli Scifio, a port town of N. York, Onon- dago CO. on the E fide of Cayuga Lake, 14 miles S E of Geneva, 39 S W by W of Onondago,and 448 from Wafliington. This townfliip was incorporated in 1794, and comprehends that part of the land* referved to the Cayuga nation of Indians, on the £ fide of the Cayuga Lake. The county courts of Onondago co, arc held ax " ■■ ■ I SCO SEA «t Mifiliii' ami fc'cipio altfrnatcly. The laiidft :ire very tcrtilc. 'I'tie courts arc 4t prcfcitt hi.1'1 in (lie plcafani village ui .UrBt.i, on tlic l»ank uf Cayuga Lake. iSf 'lu'i/t, .{ pill) town ol MalLici)ufctts,o>i ihf li.«y 1)1 tli.ir name, in I'lymoiitli co. ,p milit S K III Uoriiiii. It w.is iiicorpo- racJiii ii'iHi 'iixt c'liitxins 2738 liiliMh- jiaiiti. Rcituitc li.irboiir is N W of ; Marllifidd Point, and S8 £ of the Had- | dock Rock, nud ahoiit if> milcit north- ! ward ot I'lvmoiith.in the dircrfHonof the • land* A inili|]oiid in thin town bring fiid- dcnly drawn otF hy a lirtach in the dain, ' in the winter fcal'on, fonif yearn »<^n, t x- hibited a mjtter of fpcculation to m.iny of the inhabitants. Ihc Iwinc uf (he neighbourhood rooted ii|i itoiifc IwctMows , in great quantities, fr(ot wlticit the water had left, which tlwy ate greed- ily. Swallows have been found in i'eve- ral other placcH ; at F.gg Harbour, in N. Jerfcy, in a marfliy place,. a large cedar being blown down, a vafl number of ; fwallowi were found in the mud of tUe root. I Scltuate, a towndiip of Rhode Ifland, Providence co. between Foftcr and John- { Aon. It cootaini 252.) inhabitants. It is | a; miles N W of Newport, and 11 S W | by W of Providence. On the line which feparates the town from Kent co. on the S, is the foundcry for cannon and bells, called the Hope Furnace. StooJUi, A river of Wafliington co. Maine. It is properly an arm of the in- ner bay of PalTamaquodcly. De Mons and Champlain called it Ftchemins. Its main fourc^.' is near Pcnobfcot river, to which the Indians have a communication ; the carrying place acrofs is but 3 miles. Scondick lakes lie in a chain between Scoodick and Penobfcot livers. Se$fcl> Fluint, a village in EITex co. N. TerfcyiOn a N £ branch of Rariton river, between Weftfield and Turky ; 11 miles V/ of Elizabeth Town, and as far north- ward of N. Brunfwick. Scotland, Ntti, a village of N. Carolina, J^alifax CO. where is a pod office, 396 'milM from Philadelphia, and 250 from Wafliington. Sett/and Ntw. See Nova Scoth. Scotland Rivtr, in the ifland of Barba- •does, is fcarcely deferving notice, other- wife than being almod the only rivulet in .the iflaitd, except St. Jofeph s, another ^mall brook. It rifcs in St. Andrew's par- 4fli, and falls into Long Bay on the £ fide of the ifland, »1 miles N \V of St. Jofeph'* river. Scott, a CO of Kentucky, which containa ^()S'} inhabitants of whom 1787 are flaves. A fpring of lalt water has lately been dir> covered inthisco. afterdigging and boring more than 70 feet. Lefs than aoo gallons of its water, make a budtel of fait. S.nh Bay, on the S W.coaA of the illand of Doaiinica, towards iheS extremity of the illand. It lies in St. Martin's parilh, having Scots Mead on the S, and Vaugh- an's Point on the N. Scots Cu've,oa thcS W part of Jamaica I. Scoiijlutrglj, a poll town in Halifax cu. ■Virginia, 256 miles from Wafliington. Scotuhegan Falls, in Kennebcck river, Maine, arc near the town of Canaan. Boat-, cannot pafi this fall. Srrivan, a good harbour on the E fide of the Ulhniuit of Daricn, but fo full of rocks at the entrance, that none can pafs it with fafcty, but fuch as are acquainted there. It is 3 leagues W of Sanballet Point, and X 7 £ of Porto Bello. N lat. 9 40, W lou. 7849- StrivM, a T«o. in .the lower didridl of Georgia. It contains 3019 inhabitants, of whom 766 are flavej. Sitoon, or Scareon Laie, in N. York, lie;* W of Lake George, and is a dilatation of the N branch of Hudfon's R. It is about IX miles long and i wide. A fmall but rapid Aream enters into it, vvhich, ip Montgomery co. runs under a hill, the bafc of which is 60 or 70 yards diameter, forming a moA curi<;us and beautiful arch in the rock, as white as fnow. The fury of the water and the roughnefs of the bottom, added to the terrific noife within, has hitherto prevented any perfon from pafling through the chafm. Scrub IJLmd, one of the fmallcr Virgin Iflands, W of Virgin Gorda, and E of the N end of Tortola, on which it dependf. Nlat. 18*5, Wlon.6» J7. SeuH Camp, a poA town in Surry co. N. Carolina, 410 miles from Wafliington. Seabrook, a townfliip of N. Hampfliire, Rockingham co. on the road from Portf- mouth to Newburyport ; about 16 miles S of the former, and 6 northerly of the latter. It was formerly part of Hampton; was incorporated in 1768, and contains 6a8 inhabitants. Seatoitnet Point and Roch, the S extrem- ity of the eaAern fliore which forms the entrance of Narraganfet Bay, Rhodi IH- and ; about 6 miles £ S £ of Newport. Sial Meal I Maine. Ill and the to Matir N lat. 44 .v. ,1/ Hi. F. to IIu tics eaAw Sea Oit,- America, N lat. 5,5 1 Sear/iuf^ nin;;ton ci Sravtiy*^ Seiaco, j{ Mexico, I J 4J N £ of Sfbacooi, Maine, 18 e({ual in exi i» conneftci W by Sung txtent of t N W and S Sebar/'nta^ «f Oronoco iliips. Stba/t-odtag SekiflacooJ^ in lakes nea in its windin flreams, and connctFall,\ •ft 1754. Tl Weflcrn, wh numerous Ar M alewives, i Sebaftian, ( the Gulf of J Spanifli Mai Weftern point Was formerly ed on accoun tion. Sebajlsan, d fornla. N lat Sebajlsan, St the Rio de Ja t«l of the prov contained in i then taken 96 of whom were «1 coloBr. TJ fides here. T «s ftreets of xo ^ right angles ""■ee ftories hia {"r ftorcs, Aabi formly dwell 01 B'«cc has mor T SE B SEE (fcph'j mtaini flavts. en dil- borin;;, gitllou* e ilUn^ mity of parilli, VaugU- imaica I. ilifax cu. ngtoii. k river, Canaan. E fide of of rocks ifs it with ted there, 'oint, and ^0, W lou. dinrift of ibitantSjof York, lie* latation of It is about fmall but >vhich, ip 1 hill, the diameter, lutiful arch The fury lefs of the life within, jrfon from ilcr Virgin lid E of the \t deyendf. lurry co. N. Tiington. lampftiire, from Portf- ut x6 milu erly of the f Hampton; ^d contains ■e S extrem- forms the f, Rhod* Ifl- iewport. ,Stjl If ami, M/ril,l,ii, on the Ciuft of M,«iiic. I'Vom thciice to firaiid Munan III tiul the coutfc in I'. N K t Icigiio ; and to Matinicui I Hand W S W a6 league*. N lat. 44 »7' Wlon. 66 .^z SiJ Rivrr, in New North Wales, runs F, to Hudlon's i)i»y, into which it einp- ticf eaftward of Mot)lc river. Sta OtUr SoumI, on the N. W'.coaft «)f N. America, lies S K of tiie Huxy Iflands, N lat. 55 i8, W Ion. i;,.^ 47 .1o. Searjiyrglj,n townlliip of Vermont, Bcn- nln;;ton co. li niiliM V. of Beiiuiogfon. SfUViiyi Ijhnd. SoC 1'jf.jtMli-a rivfr. Scbaco, an ifland on tlie W* toaft of Mexico, izmile^ N of Point Mariat, and 45 N E of Quica' a. Sfbacouk, or Seba^o, a pond Of lake of Maine, i8 miles N W of Portland, is equal in extent to 2 large townfliips, and w connedtcd with I-ong Pond on the N W by Sungo, or .Songo river. The whole extent of thefe waters is nearly 30 milea N W and S E. Sebarimui one of the principal mouths of Oronocu river that is navigable for fltips. Stbitfcodeagan IJUnd. See Harp/well. Stbtiftacniii, a river of Maine, that rifcs in lakes nearly N from its mouth ; and in its windings receives many tributary ftrcams, and joins the Kennebeckat Ta- connct Fall, where Fort Halifax was eredt- in 1754. The fall is i8 miles from Fort Weftern, which was built in 1752. Irs numerous ftrcams abound with fmall fiHi, as alcwives, &c. Seiaflian, Cape Si. the eadom point of the Gulf of Oarien, on the coall of the Spanifli Maine, is to leagues from tlie Weftern point of Cape Tiburon. Here was formerly a city, which was abandon- ed on account of its unwholefomc fitua- tion. Sdajlian, Cafe St. on the coaft of Cali- fornia. N lat. 43, W Ion. 126. Sebajlian, St. iituatcd at the month of the Rio de Janeiro, lat. 23 S, is the capi- tal of the province of Rio de Janeiro, and contained in 1796, accord'ng to a cenfus then taken 96,000 inhabitants, four fifths of whom were blacks and people of mix- ed coloar. The vice king of Brazil re- fides here. This city is regularly built, its flreets of *o feet wide crofs eacn other at right angles. The houl'es are two and three ftories high. The lower one is ufed for ftorcs, ftables ^c. I'he people uni- formly dwell on the fecond floor. This filacc hat more commerce thao any in rr.»zil. N.me but pleafure cirri \j;rs ai-* uCid here. Tiie truckage &c. is tloiif l>y negroes. furr^Jf. S,b.iJlijH //hnJ, !Jt. on the loafl of IJr.i- ?,il, iH .S W by W t'riim tlip li.iv of Angra dos Rev* ; to t!ic calfwinl of which ai'o U'vcr.il oilii )' idund'i of Mt note. Slat. 22 54, W Ion. 43 1 1. Sekifiin, St. a town of Tcvra FirVna, oa the F. iide of the (lulf ol O.trion. SthtiJlhtH K'-'ir, St, <»r S/ijir/b y1i/iriria the j; roall cf l". 1 lorida, has ci>niiminicatio)i with tn(!i.-t'rc loft Leiwcen thii and the Ikaih ya'-;l. Srbii/li.i:) dc ! . Pl.it.i, •• fir..\ll placc in the jurifdicridii of Pup-'vai!, in tin' provii..:j of Quito, 6 miles i-, K of P( /..van. Ir ftands on a Iar;>:' pi.iin on t!\c ' Ic of the river Cialli, ami i i fiilijctl t ■- ,: th tiie coaft of Cane Breton, ofT the S _ioint ot' Port Dauphin. Secai IJliimh, or Dry Jf."lt, 0.1 tlie W coaft of N Mexico, are witliin Haliia Hon- da, or Deep Bay, and 1 2 inilci from Point Chiriqui. the limit of t!ic bay. Stchurn, a towii of Peril, 10 Icarnics .•» of Piur;;, on the 'nnk of a river iSf \\\ own nam;', a lc.i7ne from the ocean'. U contain', about 400 f.Hinili<.'s, pll Indian- ; chiefly employed in (ifliirt^ or dii\iii;; mules. Tiicv arc lemaikalily ingenioua, and generally fucceed in whatever they undcrti'.ke The l^clcrt of Scchura is .-( frightful wafte of fand, extending yo le?,~ !»'s to the town of M'lmpe ; which' fe- .■■ .at. J 32 33, \V Ion. 79 42. .V«» .'ffi^, a tt)wn of N. Spain, on tUy land and water, between the enflern and weftern coun- tries, being at the carrying place, it promil- cs a rapid increafe. The proprietors have expended large Aims of money, not only in eretEling mills, but in building a convenient bridge acrofs Seneca river. Seneca Crttk, in Maryland, has two branches; onie of which is called Little Iweca. It empties into Patowinac riv- er, about 19 mill's N W of the mouth of Rock Creek, which feparates George- town zo from Wafliington city. Seneca Late, in Ontario co. N. York, is a handfome piece of water from t,s to 40 miles long, and about 2 miles wide. .\t the N W corner of the lake (lands the town of Geneva, and on the K lide be- tween it and Cayuga, are the towns ol Romulus, Ovid, Hedlor and Ulyfles, in Onondago co. N. York. Its outlet ii Scayace K. which alfo receives the waters of Cayuga Lake 9 miles N E from the mouth of Canada Saga, 18 miles below Geneva. On the fame fide of the lake flands the Friend's fettlement, founded by Jemima Wilkinfon ; there are 80 fam- ilies in it, each Iihs a fine farm, and are quiet, indiiflrious people. Seneca River, in the State of N. York, has an eiifterly courfe.and in its paflage receives the waters of Seneca and Cayu- ga lakes, (which lie N and S 10 or i a mile* apart ;) and empties into the Onondago river, 14 miles below the falls, at a place called the Three Rivers. The river is IVoatablc from the lakes downwards. Within half a mile of the river is the fa- mous Salt Lake. Settecas, a tribe of Indians, one of the .9/'* Nations. They inhabit on Genefl'ce river, at the Geneflee Caftle. The tribe confifts of about 1 780 fouls. They have two towns of 60 or 70 fouls each, on French Creek in Pennfylvania, and anoth- er town on BufTaloe Creek, and two fmall towns on Alleghany river. Scnter Harbour, m the N W part of Lake Winnipifeogee Scpar.ition Bay, in the Straits of Magel- lan, is 3 leagues within Cape Pillar, at the W end of the Straits, and lies W ot Tuefday Bay. Serena, La. See Coquimlo. Seregippe, a captaiufliip of Brazil, fo named from a river of the fame name, run- ning through the middle of it, and falling mto the Atlantic Ocean in lat. 11 iz Ji. It is bounded N by the river St. Francis and S by that of Todos los Santos. It produces fugar and tobacco in confidera- ble quantities. Seregippe, the Capital of the above cap- taiufliip, with a harbour on the S. Atlan- tic Ocean, 40 leagues N E of St. Salvadore. It is fituatedon a rifing ground on the N fide of Vazabaris river, 33 miles from the fta. It is very inconfiderable ; but has fome filver mines in its neighbourhcod. S lat. II ao,Wlon. 31 a. Serpmt, SEV SHA |M. :1 3Uth of ieorgc- 'orlt, is 5 to 40 ;. At ids the lide bi> iwna tu yfles, in mtlct 14 2 waters rom the the lake founded ■ 80 fam- , and are N. York, s palTage nd Cayu- r 12 mile* Onondago at a place le river is jwnwardi. : is the fa- one of the n GeneiVee [ The tribe They have s each, on and anoth- two fmall iV part of I of Magel- Pilhir, at lies \V of Brazil, fo name, run- and falling .t. II li^' St. Francis antos. It confidera- labove cap- S. Atlan- I. Salvadore. ll on the N cs from the _ _ but has kibourhcoil. Serpent, It, is on the N fliore of lake Hu- ron, and lies E of Miflaflaga river, and W of Ille la Cloche. Serraiia, an ille between Jamaica and the coad of Nicaragua, which took its name from one Serrana, who parted with the fleet from Spain, in the time of Charles V. and wa> fliipwrecked on the rocks of this idand ; but having gained the fhore by fwimming, he found there neither herbs, trees, nor water, and went over all the iiland, which i:. about 6 milca in cir- cuit, without finding any thing to quench third or fatisfy hqngcr. PrelTcd at laft with extreme hunger, lie caught fome crabs on the fliore, which were liis food for fome days ; and then feeing large tur- tles which came afliore, he caught fome of them. Having lived for three years in this manner, on crabs and turtles, and drank nothing but rain water which he gathered in turtle fhells, he difcovered another coritpanion in misfortune, who had alfo been Ihipwrecked. This compan- ion was fome comfort to him, and they lived four < years together ; at the end of which tintBp veflel coming near the ifl- and, carrieffuem both to Spain. The laftof thcfe died on the way thither ; but Sirrana was carried to Germany, and pre- fented to Charles V as a kind of prodigy, for all Iiis body was overgrown with hair like a bear, and his beard came down to his waift. The emperor beflowed on him 4803 ducats to be paid in Peru i but he died on his way to Panama, as he was going to receive them. Stji/ne Quh/t, a river of the N. W. Ter- ritory, which empties through the weft- em bank of Illinois river, about 180 mileii from the Miilifippi. Us mouth Is 40 yards wide ; and the land bordering on u is very good. It is boatable 60 miles. Seven Brothers, fmall iflands on the N coaft of the ifland.,of St. Domingo. They lie oppofite the mouth of Monte Chrifl river, or Grand Yaqui. Tliey have o«p cafioned feveral wrecks, and prove a fhel- ter to privateers. Seven IJlantU Bay, on the N fide of the river St. Lawrence ; 25 leagues from the W end of the iflaiid of Anticofti, and in lat^oaoN. It was one of the French ports for trading with the Indians, and has a very fecurc harbour for fliips in I any wind. Severn River, conveys thewaters of lake jSimcoe, from the northern extremity of hhat lake Into the head of Gloucefter bay, land harbour, lake Huron. Sm^tb, iVoi. I. Aaaa Severn, a fmall river of Maryland, of Ihort courfe, which runs S £ to Cncfapeak Bay. It pafl'es by Annapolis city on the N and cipptles into the bay about 3 mijics below the city. Severn, a river of New South Wales, which purfues a N £ courfe, and enters Hudfon's Bay at Severn Houfe, which is 160 miles £ of York Fort. Sevier, a county of TencUce, Hamilton diftridt. It contains 3419 inhabitants, of whom i6i are negroes. Sevier futile, a poft town and capital of Seviet co. Teneffee, j jj miles from Wafli- ington. SevUla Nutva, a town which was found- ed by the famous Efquivcl, on the N fide of the ifiand of Jamaica ; a little to the weftward of Mammce Bay, and the fput which had been honored by the refidence of Columbus, after his Ihipwreck in 1503. It is now called Seville Plantation ; and the ruins of the ancient town are iliU vifible in fome of the cane fields. Sewe* Bay, or BuWt Harbunr, on the coad of S. Carolina, is S W of Cape Carteret. The long and narrow illaud called Racoon Keys is between Cipe Car* teret Ifland and the entrance to this har- bour, wtiich is at the N £ end of iJuU's Ifland. See Seevuee. Seyio, or Se^vo, a fettlement In the S £ part of the ifland of St. Domingo, on the upper road from Higuey to St. Domingo city ; 18 leagues W by N of the former, and 24 N £ of the latter. Ic is alfo i % leagues N of the little ifland of St. Cath- erine, on the S coaft of the main ifland. It is not that founded in 1502, by John of £fquivel, but a fettlement formed in the fame canton about 60 years ago by fever- al graziers, and has a place of worfhip. Towards the year 178c it had augmented, but is now faUing to decay. The p.uifh contains more than 4000 pcrfpns ; the grcateft part of whomure graziersor hcrdf- men, free negroes or people cf colour. Shackleford, a poft town in King Wiiliangi CO. Virginia, 143 miles from Wafh* ington. Sbiifi/hury, a confiderable and flourlftio ing poft town of Vermont. It has Ar- lington on the N, and Bennington on tha S, and contains 1895 inhabitants. S/jag I/land, near the entrance into Chriftmas Sound, on the S coaft of the ifland of Terra del Fuego. The entrance to Port Clcrke in this found is juft to the N of fome low rocks which lie off a point of Shag Ifland. Siatltw •.} pi ! SHA Shaihv) For J, is that part of Teneflee river which is izoo yards broad; xa miles above the Whirl. It lies between Chat- arnuga and Chickaugo rivers, which fall in from the S £. Shallow Water, Paint, aa the N. WiCoaft of N. America, lies in lat. 63 N. Be- tween this point and Shoal Nefs, which is 3 degrees of lat. to the fuuthward, Capt. Cook did not explore the coaft) on account of the fh'allow water he met with. Siambe, a fmall river of W. Florida, which empties into Penfacola Bay. It admits fliallops fome miles up, and boats upwards of jo miles. Sbamoiin, a former Moravian, fettle- ment, a little below the town of Sunbury, in Pennfylvania. Sbamoim Creek, rons wedward inta Sufquehannah river, a mile S of Sunbury, in Pennfylvania. Shanks IJljnd, was difcovered in 1 80a, in lat. a8 S, Ion. 163 £. It is 5 or 6 leagues fromN toS, in length from E to W not quite fu much. Cocoa trees were obferved on the Ifland. Sbannock Country. See Rhode JJland State. Shannon River, U. Canada, empties into the bay of Quinte 10 or la miles above tlie Mohawk fettlement. Sbapltigh, a pod town, Maijie, York co. at the head of Moufom river ; bound- ed on the W by Pilcataqna River and the line of N. Hampfliire. It was incor- porated in 178.^, contains 1778 inliabit- ants, lies 108 miles N of Bofton, and 579 from Wafliington. Sharon, a townfliip of Vermont^ Wind- for CO E of Royalton, and W of Norwich on White river. It contains 1168 iuhab* itants. Sharon, a townfliip of Maflachufetts, Norfolk CO. 10 mile« S W of Bofton. It was taken from Stoughton, and incor- porated in 1765. It contains 1018 in- liabitants. Sharon, a poft town of Conne(Slicut, in Litchfield co. bounded E by Cornwall, from which it is feparatcd by Houfatonic river, and W by the E line of N. York. It is about I a nules N W of Litchfield and contains a340 inhabitants. ^ Sharon, a village in Georgia, about 5 milc:> from Savannah. In this place, jud at the clofe of the war, Gen. Wayne was attacked in a furious manner by a botly of Cherokee Indians, head 'I by a Britim officer. They fought bind to hand Manfully, and took a pieces of artillery. S'HE But Gen. Wayne, at the hazard of hisowa^ life, gained the vitflory. Sharon, a new town in Schoharie co. N. York, incoiporated' in 1797, having 3655 inhabitants. Shariflown, in Queen Ann's co. Mary- land. See Kent County. Sharpjburg, a poft town of Maryland, Wafliington co. about a miles from Patow- mack river, and nearly oppofwe to Shep- hcrdftown, in Virginia, at the mouth of Shenandoah river. It cmitains a church, and about ajo houfcs. It is 9 miles N N W of Williams port, 69 W by N of Baltimore, 181 W S W of PJiiladelphia, and 75 from Wafliington.: Shaivanee, and Shavanon, tli'e former tlie Indian, and the latter the Frcncli name of Cumberlnnd river, in Teneflee. Sbaiuanefi, or Shatvanoes, an Indian n.v tion, great numbers of whom have joined the Creek confederacy. They have 4 towns on the Tallapoofce river, contain- ing 300 vwrriors ; and more are expedted to remove thither. ■ By the treaty of peace, Aug. 3, 1795, the United Statts agreed to pay to this tribe a fum i#hand, and 1000 dollars a year for ever, in goods. They inhabit alio on Scioto river, and a branch of the Muflcingum, and have their hunting grotinda between Ohio river and Lake Erie. They are generally of a fmall fize, rather handfome in their fea- tures, and are a very cheerful and crafty people. Counfelling among their old people, and dancing among their young men and women, take up a great part of their time. Sbavinrfe To^njhip, lies at the mouth of the river Chenal ccarte, on the £ fide of the river Sinclair, U Canada. Shaiuangunk, a poft town in Ulftcr co. N. York ; bounded eafterly by Newburgh and Marlboro' and foutherlyby Mont* gomery and the Platta Kill. It con- tains a8o9 inhabitant)!. It is ao milet | from Goflien, and la from new Paltz. 5£a7t^nA, a confidcrable ftream of Maf- fachufetts, which rifcs in Bedford, Mid- 1 dicfex CO. and, pafTing through Bilierica, Tewklbury and Andover, empties inwj Merrimack river. Sbeba JJland. See Saba. Shecatica, a bay of very irregular flwpt I and breadth, on the coaft of Labrador, N I America ; having an ifland of its name all its mouth. It is between lat. 51 i8aiiii| 5ia8 N, and Ion. j8 16 and 58 aa W Sbecbary, a lake of New North Wale*j formed like a bow. It receives Churcb-I it| arie co. , having ^ Mary- laryland, m Patow- . to Shep- mouth of a church, ) miles N by N of iladelphia, I'c former [ic French feneflee. Indian nft- liavc joined ley have 4 ST, contain- re expe river, and n, and have sn Ohio river ;enerally of a ' in their fe*- ul and crafty ,ng their old their young eat part of I the mouth of I the E fide of l-regular Aape If Labrador, n Tl of its name a' riat.51 »8/ T North Wal» 'ceiveiChurcM r lU S H E iO river from the S W, and at its N E end has communication with Bcrbazon Lake, which lies due N and S. At the S end of the iatter, the waters of both lakes run E under the name of Seal river, which empties into Hudfon's Bay at Churchill Fort, between Button's Bay on the N and Cape Churchill on the S £. Both lakes , are, long and narrow. Sbedlac, a harbour on th« £ coaft of N. Brunfwick, and on the W fide of the Gulf of St. Lawrence ; 53 miles S E of Mirami- chi Bay. Sbiefiftot or Shcepfcutj a fmall river of Maine, which empties into the ocean to theE ofKenneheck, and is navigable 20 or 30 miles. On the W lide of this river is the excellent port of Wifcaflet. New- caftle townfliip is at the head of naviga- tion on this river, and extends from Sheepf- cot to Damarifcotta river. The compaA partis 10 miles NE of Wifcaflet. Sheepf- cot harbour has high water, at full and change, 45 mluutes after 10 o'clock; depth, 9 fathoms. SbcLp^i Cove, on the E coaft of New- foundland, lies between Bay Robert and Port Grave. Sheffield, a tovnifliip in the N part of Caledonia co. Vermont. It has 170 in- habitants. Sheffield, a poll town of Maflachufetts, Berkmire co. 30 miles S £ of Hudfon in N. York, 145 W S W of Bofton, and 36a from Wafliington. It was incorporated >0 1733* and contains 2050 inhabitants. Houfatonic river, which is nine rods in breadth, pafles through it from N to S, which with its branches fupply water for (everal mills and iron works. South Mountain extends the whole length of the town, along the E fide of the river. Sbelburnt, a townfliip of Vermont, CJiit- tenden co. on the E fide of Lake Cham- plain. It has Burlington on the N, and Charlotte on the S, and contains 723 inhabitants. Sheliurne, an interior townfliip in Graf- ton CO. N. Hampshire. It was incorpo- rated in 1 769, and contains 45 inhabitants. Sheliurne, atowaiiup in Mampfhire co. Maflachufetts, adjoining Greenfield, 98 miles W of fiodon, containing 1079 in- liabitants. Sbelburne, a town of Nova Scotia, at the head of a bay which runs up from Port Rofeway, at the S W part of the province. |In 1783,11 contained 600 families, but is ow lefs populous. It is 18 milet N £ of S H E Harrington, and 88 S W by S of Halifux. Steliy, a co. of Kentucky, lx>unded N by Henry, W by Bullet, E by Franklin, and S by Nelfon. It is watered by fcv- eral ftreams which f;ill into Salt river. It contains 8929 inliabitants, of whom 1409 are^aves. Sbelbyville, a pod toWn in Shelby co. Kentucky, 581 miles from Wafliington. Sheldon, (formerly Hungerford^ a port town in Franklin co. Vermont, containing 408 inhabitants, 7 miles S of Canada line, 14 E of Lake Champlaiu, and 579 from Wafliington. Shelter IJland, at the E end of Long I. in Sufifolk CO. N. York, lies 3 Iciujucs W ot Gardner's I. It is about 5 miles from K to W, and 7 from N to S. It is h fruitful fpot, containing about 8000 acres ; was incorporated in 1788, and contains 201 inhabitants of whom 34 are oletftori. (><«ifiderable numbers of cuttle, fliccp and poultry are railed here. When you leave Shelter Ifland on your larboard hand, and run W by N about 5 or 6 miles, you will open a large bay where lOo lail of vcflels may lie late, and anchor in 3 or 4 fathoms. Shenandoah, K CO. of Virginia, bounded N by Frederick, and S by Rockingham. It contains 11,809 free inhabitantb, chiefly Germans. Chief town, Woodftock. Shenandoah, a river of Virginia, which rifcs in Augufla co. and after running a N E courfe of about aoo miles, joins the Pa- towmack in about lat. 38 4, juft befora the Utter burlh throuj'^h the Blue Ri(l<;e. It is compofcd of 4 branches, S. river, middle river, N. riv«r, and Shcnandoaii, which is the fmalleft branch, but givci its name to the united ftreams. It is naviga- ble fthout 100 miles ; and may be render- ed I'o nearly its whole courfe at a fmall ex- penfe. When this is done, it will bear the produce of the richeft part of the flate to Wafliington. Shenandoah Valley, extends from Win- chefter, in Virginia, to Curlillc and the Sufquehannah, in Pennfylvania,, and it chiefly inhabited by Germans and Dutch. Shepherdsfxeld, Maine ; now Hebron. ShfpherdJlo'U'n, a port town of Virginia, in Jefferfon co. on the S fide of Pato>vmack R. Itsfitiiation is healthy and agreeable, and the neighbouring country is fertile and well cultivated. It contains 1033 inhabitants, moflly of German extraction. It lies feveral miles above the mouth of Shenandoah R. oppofite to Sharpfburg ; 10 miles ; Kwh ■ M SHI SHO 10 milM S by S of Martln(burg, and 1i frftm Wafliington. Shephtrdfville, a poft town in Bullet co. Kentucky, 640 miles from Waihiagtcn. Sherburne, a po(l town in Chenango co. N.York, has 1:182 inhabitants, 4.52 miles from Wafliington. Sherburne, in MafTachufetts ; fee Nan- iveket. Sherkurne, a. tOwn in Middlefex co. Maflachufetts, has 776 inhabitants, 18 miles S W of Bodon. SberBttrne,A town of N. York.Herkemer CO. By the (late cenfus of 1 796, it con- tained 483 inhabitants- Sherburne, a town in Rutland co. Ver- mont. See Killington. Sbfjhequin, a poft town iij Luzcrn* CO. Pennfylvauia,34a miles fiom Wafliingtoiv Sbetuckcty a river of Connedticun which is formed by the jundtion of Willomantic and Mount Hope rivers, and after runJ ning £ a few miles, purfues a fouthern courfe, and uniting with Quinnabaug R. empties into the Thames in thv r part of ^the townfliip of Norwich. Sbeiuan^uni. See Shav/itnnguHi. Sbimene Port, on the N fide of the ifland of St. John, in the gulf of St. Lawrence. Its entrance, W of St. Peter's harbour, is very narrow; but the bafon within is very fpacious. Shining Mountains, bounding Louifiana on the W, are little known. It is con- jedhireU that they terminate in about lat. 47 or 48 N, where a number of rivers rife, and empty themfclves either into the N. Pacific Ocean, into Hudfon's Bay, in- to the waters which lie between them, or into the Atlantic Ocean. They are call- ed alfo the Mountains of Bright Stones, On account of the immenfe number of large rrydals, (hooting from the rocks, and fparkling in the rays of the fun, fo as to. be feen ?t a great didance. Sbifi Jfland, lies between Horn and Cat Ifland, on the coafl of W. Florida, and is about 10 miles S of the Bay of Bilozi. It is 9 miles long and a broad ; produces pine trees and grafs, and has a tolerable well of water in it. Ship JJland, U. Canada, is of very fmall extent, between the Bafsi Hands, and Cun- ningham's ifland in lake Erie. ShiptoH, a very flourifliing towndiip of excellent land, in L Canada, on the £ bank of the St. Prancis ao mile* N W of Afcot, 50 S E of St. Francis village. It has about 350 inhabitants. The Lownfliip extends over the river Nicdiet, another fine riverwhich empties into the St. I.iv« rence. Thefe rivers run nearly parHlkl with each other and have falls which event tally will be locked, and ate now paflei in birch Indian canucs in which heavy articles arc tranfported. A road is cut nd cleared on the banks of the .St. Franc from Afcot to tbu St. Iy.i\vrence. Anoth road from Shipton eaftcrly to the Ci udier, and thence to Qiieliec, has been b. ;un, and it is expcdled will bo compie -d in a few years. Shipfi ru-fi:iry, a port town of N. Jerfey, Mar.inou'.h co. on the fea board, having Middletown on the N, Freehold W, and Dover S W North river divides it from Middletowii, and is navigable a few miles. This town is 1.5 miles N E by E of Mon- mouth court houfe, 14 S E of Middletown Point, 3.? S E by E of Brunfwick, 79 E N E of Philadelphia, and 223 from Wafli- ington. The compai£l part of the town is pleafaai, and cont.iins an Epifcopal and a Prelbyterian church, and a meeting houfv for Friends. On the fide of a branch of Navefmk river, in this town, is a cave, in which are 3 rooms, arched with foft por'.us rock, through which the moif- ture ilowly exudes, and falls in drops on the fand below. The townfhip contained 4673 inh.ibitants, in 1790. Much gen- teel company from Phihdclphia and N. York refort here during the fummcr months, for health and pleafure. Shreivjhury, a town flap of Vermont, in Rutland co. between Clarendon on the W, and Saltaih on the E, and contains 748 inhabitants. Sbrevfiury , a townflilp in York co. Pennfylvania, has 1305 inhabitants. Sbreivjhury, a townlliip in Worcefter CO. Mafllichufetts ; 6 miles E of Worcef- ter, and 40 W by S of Bofton. It was incorporated in 17-z 7, and contains 1048 inhabitants. The average number of deaths in the town has been 11 or iz in a year for 40 years part, the births a- bout, 30, marriages 8. About one to fifty of the people is 80 years of age. In 1 798 died here Mrs. Mary Jones, in the lojth year of her age. Sbubenaciidie, ft river of Nova Scotia, which rifes within a mile of the town of Da 'tmouth, on the £ fide of Halifax har- bour, and empties into Cobequid Bay, taking in its courfe the Slewiack and Gay's rivers. The great lake of the fame same lies on the £ fide of the road Vhich leads from Halifax to Windfor, : rtnd .ibout 7 miles from it, and 2t fi*om Halifax. Suuicjlury, a townfliip of MafTachufijtts, Hampfhire co. on the E fide of Connei:U- cut river, about 16 miles N E of North- ampton, and 90 W by N of BoAon, con- taining 930 inhabitants. Siara, or Seam, a town on the N E coafl: of Brazil, in the captaindiip of its name. S lat. 3 30, W Ion. 39 50. Andrew Vidal, of Negreiros, was chief magiftrate of this city in the year 1772, in the ia4th year of his age, and difcharged his duty as 4 judge to entire falisfaction ; and died « yeas after, in full pofTclIion of his mental powers. In 1 773, 189 of his defcendanta were alive. Sibfilt/ft, iflands on the coaft of Patago- nia. S Lit. 50 53, W Ion. J9 3J. S!/>i!ii JJluiidi,ou the coafl of Cape Bre* ton Ifland, lie off the S point of PortDau'^ phin, and afford good anchorage. Sicca P«nto, or Dry Point, on the COaft of the Spanidi niHin, is the N VV limit of Triefte Bay, and foutlierly of the ifland of Curacao. Sichem, formerly a fettlemcnt of the Moravians on the E line of N. York ; 35 miles E S K of Kingflon, on Hudfon's river. Sidney, a town of N. York, in Delaware CO. having Sufquehannah river for its N boundary. Sidney, a port town of Maine, Lincoln CO. on the £ fide of Keunebeck river op« pofite Vaflalboro. Sidney Toivnjbip, in the County of Haft- ings, U. Canada, is fituated at the head of the bay of Quinte immediately above Thurlow. Sideling Hill, a range of hills which lie in the N W part of Maryland, between Alleghany and Wafliingtoncountiesjwhich are divided by the creek of the fame name. Sierre Madn. Sec Andes. Silver Bluff, a confiderable height upo* the Carolina fliore of Savannah river y perhaps 30 feet higher than the low land* on the oppofite Ihore, which are fubje(% to inundations in the fpring and fall. This Aeep bank rifes perpendicularly out of the river, difcovcring various flrata of earth. The furface of the ground upon this bluflP, which extends nearly two miles on the river, and from half a mile to a mile in breadth, is nearly level, and a good fertile foil, as ap^iears by the valt oaks, hickory, mulberry, black walnut, and other trees and ftirubs left (landing in the old fields which arc fprcad abroad to a great ■■ a ■i:i-?'^ jsS SIN j;reat didancc. Here are various vcnigM of the ancients ; as Indian conical mounts, terraces, areas, &c. as well as traces of fortrefles of regular formation, as if con- ftrudted afttr the modes of European mil- itary architefts ; which fonie fuppofe to Vie the ancient camps of the Spaniards, who formerly fixed themfelves here, in hopes of finding filvcr. Simcoe Lake, formerly lake aux Claies, is fituated between York and Gloucefler, upon lake Huron U. Canada ; it has a tew fraall iflands, and feveral good harbours ; a veflel has been built for the purpofc of facilitating the communication to lake Huron by that rout. Tins was fo nanied by Lieut. General Simcoe, from refpcd; to his father, the late Capt. Simcoe of the Royal Navy, who died in the river St. Lawrence on the expedition to Quebec in 1 739, In the year 1755, this aWe officer had furniflied government with the plan of operations againfl Quebec, which then took place ; at the time of his death, Capt. Cook the celebrated circumnavigator, was inafter of his fhip, the Pembroke. Smyth. Siment, St, the eafternmoft of the 3 large iHands at the moutJ' of the Alatamaha riv- er in Georgia, having oa the N N E, Little St. Simons IJland ; and between thefe is the eaftern mouth of tlxe river. The fouthern end of the itland is near the N mouth of the Alatamaha. Formerly a Ilrong battery was eretfled here, for the defence of Jekyl Sound, in which 10 or i a forty gun fliips may ride in fafety. This ifland is about 45 miles in length, and from two to four in breadth ; has a rich and fruitful foil, full of oak and Wckory trees, intermixed with meadows and old Indian fields. In the middle of the ifland is the town of Frederica. The bar or entrance of St. Simon's is S by W 19 leagues from Tybee Inlet. Simons Fort, St. at the S end of St. Simon's Ifland, is 9 or 10 miles from the St. Simond's Bar, and is remarkable for its white appearance. Simjhury, a poll town of Connedticut, in Hartford co. 14 miles N W of Hartford. Oopper ore has been found here. It has A963 inhabitants, and is 386 miles from Walhington. Sinclair River, U. Canada, runs from N Albany. j n. J le pofTef-"! truftecs,/ tray froniT 2381 99 4C0 350 42,42% 60 And 1604 acres of land. The faculty of the college confifted, in 1 797, of the pref- ident and one tutor \ and the falary of the former with an houfe for his family, is i50odollars,andofthelattcr665 dollars per annum, with an additional allowance at prefent of 150 dollars, on account of the extraordinary price of the necefTaries of life. There were, in 1797, 37 fhidents, eight in the clafs of languages, twenty in the clafs of hiftory and belles lettres, fix in the clafs of mathematics, and three in the clafs of philofophy. The courfe of fiudies is, the fird year Virgil, Cicero's •rations, Greek Teftament, Lucian, Ro- Sian antiquities, arithmetic and Englifli granubar; the fecond year, geography, and the ufe of the globes, Roman hiftory, bifitory of America, and the American revolation, Xenophon, Horace, criticifm and eloquence ; the third year, the vari- ous branches of mathematics, and vulgar and ^cimal fr&dlions, and the extraiSlion sf the roots, geometry, algebra, trigonom- mtj, navifatioo, menTuration, Xcnophoo continued, and Homer ; and the fourth and laft year, natural philofophy, the con- ftitution of the United States and of i\\t different States, metaphylics, or at Icaft that part which treats of the philofophy of the human mind, Horace continued, and Longinus ; and during the courlc of thefe (ludics, the attention of the claf- fes is particularly required to elocution and compofition in the Englifli language. A provifion is alfo made, for fubftituting the knowledge of the French language in- ftead of the Greek, in certain cafes, if the funds fliould hereafter admit of inditut- ing a French profcnbrfliiu. The library confided of about 1000 volumes, and £500 was appropriated to the purchafcof a phi- lofophical apparatus. The city of Skenec- tady contains at this time 5289 inhabit- ants. Ii is 416 miles from Wafliington. 5i<7/if/2«/ei/^i6,in Wafliington co. N.York, on Wood Creek, on the S fide of S. Bay. This is a place through which mod of the communication and trade between the counties on Lake Champlain and Hud- fon's river pafles. It has, however, very bad water, and is unhealthy in fummer. It is about 8 miles E by N of Fort George, and 6 N by E of Fort Ann. The fortitir cations here were dedroyed by Gen. Bur- goyne, in July, 1777. It is in the town- lliip of Whitehall, which fee. Sklppact, a townfliip in Montgomery county, Pennfylvania, on Perkimy creek. Siifton, a village on the N fide of Pa- tnwmac river, about 11 miles S E of Fort Cumberland, and a8 S of Bedford in Pennfylvania. Siitiii/j, a baj of about 8 leagues «• tent on the E fide of Wafliington's Iflcs, on the N W coad of N. America, N of Cumberland Harbour. The opening is in lat. about S3 iS> Siuppernong, a fmall river of N. Caroli- na. A canal was finiflicd in 1790, which connedb the waters of this dream with the lake in Difmal Swamp, on the S fide of Albemarle Sound. SkuUck Hilhf in Hancock co. Maine, lie N N E of the harbour of Gouldlbor- ough. In failing from Mount Defert to Gouldfborough, you mud deer N N E for thefe hills, which are more remarkable than any in the eadern country. There are 5 of them, and at a didance they ap- pear round. , Slabtovun, a village in Burlington co. N. Jerfey, about half way between Burling- ton and A^unt Holly, 4 or ^ miles from each. Slaughtir Slaugh peak Ba Slaujbt Slave J ofN. Am fives rife tics into I the river Athapefc( rivers frc river ruat inilc wide 6t N lat. , about Ion, 40 leaguei The lake i broad. T, thcNflior cow lake, v the fame w S.'earintf foimdiand. Sloiuias J al'-ili Klan 5 mi!'3 in £ay, in ij^f VV of Tji.k( Slujlcr, K Small Puit Maine, forn and lies N J] eni litnit. ^ Smith, a ti l"'(;iiiLi'vIvani; S,/:it/j,n CO tains 429;. ii; I'.igan Cie. k river, in hie < r. of Richmoi I^hia, and 2ii creek is navi: Smhhfieldt a of Johnlbn co. of Neus river, 100 miles N V !'''gh. 473 fn from Wafliinj the ton-n is an »« the form ol 'e« indiamet often dug in it now is not moi Staitbfieldy-Av bull CO. State of of Pennfylvani J-ake Erie and about 65 miles SmitbfM, Mi ftips in Wayne "% one49o,and Vol.- 1. B SMt SMY fourtli the con- 1 of tiie at Icaft ilofophy ntinucd, i courlc the claf- ilocutlon language, jftituting guage iii- lc«,if the f inftitut- c library and £500 tof a phi- )f Skenec- 9 inhabit- iflungton. ». N.York, of S. Bay. noft ofthe tween the and Hud- evcr, very a fummer. )rt George, rhe fortitiT Gen. Bur- 1 the town- ontgomery imy creek. fide of Pa- E of Fort edford ia jlcagues ex- ■ton's Iflcs, Irica, N of ipcning is N. CaroH- 1790, which Iream with the S fide CO. Maine, iGouldlbor- Defert to ■ N N E for Iremarkable . There they ap- Igton CO. N. >n Burling- Imiles from Shughttr SUttghtir Crttt, on the E flde «f Cliefa* peak Bay, Durchefter co. Maryland. HJauJber Fert, or LiltJt Niagara, Slave Laki and i?/'-«rr, ID the N W part of N. America. The lake is extenfivc and gives rife to M'KcnKie's river, which emp- ties into the Troecn Oce^n, and receives the river of its nanM from the W end of Atliapefcow Lake ; be.fide many other rivers from various dirc«£lionk. Slave river runs a N W by N courl'c, and is a tnilcwide. The S end of Slave Lake ii 61 N lat. and the center uf the lake is in ttbout Ion. 115 W. ' The northern bay is 40 leagues deep, and 6 fathoms water. The iaktf is faid to be 200 miles long, ico broad. The Dogribbcd Indians inhabit thcNfhoreof this lake. Sc^ Athapuf- cow lake, which Pinkerton fuppufes tu be the Came with this. Slearing JJIjhJ, on the coaft of New- fuimdland. Sioiu!,i'; I/lanJ, is the third of the Eli«- ah i!i lihimls in magnitude, being about J mi!' 3 in cirmiit. It lies oA' Buzzard's Bay, iu Biiruftiblc co. MaiTachufctUi and \V of Tii'kcr's Ifiiiid. Slujier, Fort, bee Hcblopr. Small Fuint, oij the coaft of LincoUi co. Maine, forms the £ limit of Cufco Bay, and lies N E of Cape Elit.ibeth, the wcft- ti;i limit. SmItL; a townfliip in Wafliington co. FcniUvlvania, h.is 1654 inhabitants. S/Kii/j,». <:ouuty v.fTeueflee, which con- tains 4294 inhabitants, 597 being llives. .Vtt7/,^/if,V,afi:iall pofttown ofVirgLnia,on r.igan CrC' k, which empties into Jamcj' river, in Ille of Wight co. It is 8j miles S E of Richmond, 364 S S W of Philadel- phia, and 218 from Wafliington. The creek is navigable for vefliils of 20 tons. Umithfietd, a poft town, and the capital of Johnlon co. N. Carolina, on the E fide of Neus river, on a beautiful plain, about too miles N W of Newbern, 25 from Ra- leigh, 473 from Philadelphia, and 322 from Wafliington. Near the centre of the town is an Indian burying place, once in the form of a cone 10 feet high; 30 feet in diameter, but the people having often dug in it for ourioOties, its elevation now is not rnore than 5 or 6 feet. Sfmtbfield, a very tliriving town in Trum- bull CO. State of Ohio, on the weftern lake of Pennfylvania, about cquidiftant from Lake Erie and the >S line of the county, about 65 miles W of Pittlburgh. Smitbjield, Middle and Lower, two town- fliips in Wayne co. Pennfylvania, contain- »% one490,andthc othcrjgjialiabitants. Vol. I. Bbbb SmithftU, a townihip of Rlioda Ifl.inl Providence co. having the btateof Mali'a- chufetts on the N, and Cun.bcrland oa the N £. Heie arc cxttulivtorchatdss and great quantities of flone lime are made, and cairicd tu Providence and other plao^s. It contains 3120 inhabijiants. Smithjatid, a \toi\ town in Lfvingflon co. Kentucky, Sii I niilos from V/afliii^gton. Smith\ Capt, the N point of the entrance into the fea called the New Dilcovcred Sea, and the S V/ pbint of the iilaud form- ed by that fea or found, which communi* cates with Hudfon's Straits. It it on the £ fide of Hudfon's Bay. N lat. 60 48, W Ion. 80 55. Smith's ijlxnd, on the coaft of N. Caroli- na. See Cupi Fear, and Bald Head, Smith't 7/laiid, the fonthcrnniofl of the range of itlands, in the Atlantic Ocean, along the cuiid of Nurihamptoo and Ac- comack counties, Virginia. It is near the S point of Cape Charles. Here Hiips frequently conie to anchor to wait fcr pilots tocondu«fl them.into ChefapcakBay. Smitli't Jjlist the range of lilands vvhicla line the above coaft. They weie io named in 1608, in honor of Captain John Smith, who landed on the pcninfulit, aixl was kindly received l>y Accomack, the prince of the peninfula, part of vvhicU ftill bears his name. Smith's Jf.ond, a fmall ifland at the E end of the illajid of Antigua, and in Ex- change Bay. Alfo the name of an illand in tl»e S. Pacific Ocean, difcovercd by Lieutenant Ball, in the year 1790. ;> lat. 9 44, W Ion. 161 54. Smith's Point, is the fouthern limit of the mouth of Patowmack river, on the W fide of Ciiefapcak Bay, oppolite t!-.e northern head land, called Point Lockout, and in about lat. 37 54 N. Smith's. Sec StauvicN J?/Vi?r Virginia. Smith's Sound, on the E cociil of New- foundland I. boiu;ded N by ^ane Bona- vcnture. Svtitlffld, Maine, now Litihfuld. Siuit'Aoujn^ a finall pofl town of SufTolfc CO. Long I. N. York, i z miles S eaflcrly of N. York city. The townfliip is boi^nd- ed S by Iflip, W by Himtington, N by the Sound, and £ by Brobkhavca. It con- tains 1413 inhaiiitants. AWM-ivV/f, the chief town of Brunfwick CO. N. Carolina, fituated near \\vz monih of Cape Fear river, about 30 miles S of Wilmington. Here Is art academy, from which, there is a view of the ocean. Srt'yrnu, Nc-yv^ a tJaiviiig town in E. Bioridi. ;^^ \ pj ^■1 soc ROD Florida. It is fituated on a Hielly blufl', on the W bank of tl»e S liruncli of Mof- quito river ; about lO mile* above thy Capes of f hat river, about 30 miles N of Cape Canaveral, and in lat. 28 N. It !» inhabited by a colony of Greek* and Minorquies, eQablinied by Dr. TurnbuH. Birlram. Snake Indians, a tribe who inhabit tlie S W fide of MilTouri river, in lat, about 47 N, and Ion. 107 W. 'I'he Shevetoon Indians inhabit on theoppoiite fide of the river. SfKtrrs, T/jn,, clu'^rr of 7 cr-iggy iflcsin the Houth Sea. The larg'.fl is in ht. 483 S, Ion. 1 6(> 20 E, /■^anniivm: Siii-f(/''oro', a port town in Richmond CO. N. Carolina, 418 miieu from Waflung- ton. Siieydjborouf^l), a town of Aiifon CO. N- Cari>lina, it (i.tnd'i on the Great I'cdcc, 1 to miles aljove Georgetown, S.Carolina. To thia place the river i» navigable. Hiiinv Bird Lake, in N. Americii, W of Huclfon's B:iy, i "•. miles wide from li to VV, but from Nlo H it is much more cxteiifive. Snnrv Jlill, a port of entry and poft town of Maryland, and capital of Worcefter co. fituated on the S E fide of Pokomoke river. Here arc about 60 houl'es, a court liimfe, and gaol, and the inhabit- aiit< de il principally in lumber and corn, 'I'he exports for onf year, ending the 30th of September 1704, amounted totheval- •I'e of 4040 dollars. It is 158 mile* from Waflvington. Sni:a>id,<(rit, or Si'^endiiga, the W branch of Hudfon river, runs a S and .S E couric, and. about 15 miles from its mouth,takes a N E dire 5lion, and joins that river about 12 or 15 miles W by N of Fort Edward. Sic'rety T/hmds, a clufter of iflands in the S. Paific 6cc;m. Td thefe iflands Capt. Cook was direifted by Tupia, in 176;: and he gave them this name in honor of the Royal Society. They are fituated between the latitiulei of 16 10, and 16 5 V 3, and between the longitudes of 150 57 and 152 W. 'I'hey are ' in number ; Ifuahiiine, Uliefen, Oitjia, Bf.li.ibola, JVfourooa, ^onliafe, and 'T.ito xamnnoo or SaunJer's IJl- rt/;c/, which is here iiicludd as being fiib- jeiTt t ' Huaheine. Tlu: foil, the produc- tio'\i, ihe people, their language, rclig'on, ■C'lftjTnH, and manners are fo nearly the f;iine us at Otaheitc, that little need be added to the account which has alnady been given. Nature has been cjcally bountifid in uncultivated plenty, and the iul^abitflnts are as luxurious andai indo- lent. \ plantain branch is the emhlcnr of pence, and changing names the greatill token of friendlliip. Their morals arc ji difFcrently conllruded, though fervirj; I the fame pur pofe*. It i» cuflomiiry togivu I their daughters to flrangcrs who arrive I amongft them ; but the pairs muft be f j nights lying near each other, without pri- I fuming to take any other librrly. On ' the 6th evening, the father of the young wom: SOM Sail Cm'f, a village on Dcfcrt I. Maine. .Wtrr>|ro, all i Hand on the cooft of Peru, 12 mile*. S of J'ort Callo. Sol.ir Alorr'), or Cifr S(,l,ir, on tlie coaft of Peru, is (1 miles N by Wof the roclc* of Pachacania off the port of Oallao. Sol./ui'j (rut, on the N E coalt of tlic idand of St. Chriftoplier's, E of Half Moon r.ay, and (hrill Churcli. Sdla'/jry, a towiifliip in liuck's .CO. Pci.n- fylvania, has 1524 inhabitants. S'Jiiftiif, III, or tlie Defdtt, a cloifter of bare footed Carmelites ; fituated on a hill, .^ ieagtie^i N W of the city of Mexico, en- cloled with a hiyh Qonc w.ill fevcn leajjues in coiiipari. The hill, on which tlie monafltry ftands, is furrounded with rocks, in which they liavc dug cavei for oratorifc-j. Here arc gardens and orch- ards smiles in compafs, fdled with llie choiceft Kuropean fruit t-ecs. 'I'lie pro- vincial Chapter of the Order is held here. SoloJnd Port, on the E fidc of tlic eaft- ernmoft of the Falkland iflands, was for- merly called Port I.ouis. The inner part of the harbour lies in the 57th degree of W Ion. and in S lat. 51 50. Solimoes. See JlLic/era Eivir. Solomons JJlf, or Landof the Jlrfaades, a gr lup of illands concerning the exiflcncc of which, there lias been much difpute, lie about 1850 Spanifli leagues W of the coaft of Peru, in the vicinity of New Guiica, between 154 and 160E Ion. from Paris, and between 6 and la Slat. I'licy were firft difrovercd by Mcndan;i, in his iirft voyage in 1567. Hcrrera,iii !iis dc- fcription ofthefc in.and9, reckons 18 prin- cipal ones belonging to the group, Ircm 50 to 300 leagues in circumfcreuce, be- fide r.any of a fmallcr fize. The air of thefe i (lands is falubrious, the foil fertile, tie inhabitants numerous, and of difler- eut {liades from white to black. 'J'hc principal of tliefc illands arc, fit. Ifabelia, (which fee ) St. George, St. Mark, St. Ni- colas, Florida, the I'^and of Pahns, &c. iVo//, a military tovvnfliip of N. York, Onondago co. has .^70 inliabitants. It embraces Solon and Cincinnatus, and was incorporated in 1794. Somhrera., Smnbaiicra , or Sonhhro, a fmall defon idand in the W. ladies, aiiout 18 miles N W of Angtiilla. li is about a Icii^iip eacli way, and is thus called by the Spaniards, from its refemblance to a hat. N laf. 18 ,38, V^ Ion. 63 37. It is depend- ant on Barbuda. Some/fiyi, Fo/, a Dutch fort at the con- /!uc;jce of the li vcr Commewine and Cot- 1 SON tica ; the latter being an arm of Surrinan river. Sinter', 11 li.wnfliip of Connetflicut, on thc'N lint ol'loUana to. wiiich Icparates It froni Maflacluiictti. It (onlaiiiS 1354 inhabitants, and is 24 miles N L of IIart« ford. Swierfet, tovnfliip in Wafliin^ton co. Pcnnfylvania, h;:s i;,ai inhabitants. .V /i, •/./, a tovviilhip of Vermont, W'ind- h..:.i ... 10 or 1 i miles NH of i3eniiington, has 130 inhabitants. tioiii,rJ\t, a p;)(t town of r.Iaflaehfuctts, Briftol CO. on Taunton R, It was incoi- porateare aiiiiually ex- ported. It is divided into 6 townllsips, which have 3 churches lor Pitft^ tei iaii:., 5 for the Dutch Reformed, i for Durcli Lutherans, and i for Anabapiills. It con- VMiv iz,8i5 inhabitants, iutludiiig 1S63 flaves. Sif.ierfi/, the CTpital of the abuvc co. fituated on the W lidc tf Alillftont R. I( contains a court hoiife. gaol, and a'.jout ,';j houfes. It id 13 miles N \V of N. Bruiil- v.'ii'k. uv.icf.t, a CO. of Maryh-nd, hounded E ly the Rate of Dclawai c and Worccfhcr CO. W by the waters 01' Chi'l.ipcak Liiy. It tonti'ins I7,,':';u inlinbitants, iiicludin,; 7<133 Haves W alhingtou Academy, in this CO. w'K inft.'tiittd by law in 1 779. It was founded, nnd is fiippiirtcd by vohiii- tary fnb;'ciiplions aiul jirivate donations; is authoiifcd to receive gifts and le"acic', : nd to hold aooo acres of land. • KiiiHitfct, a CO. of Peni.fylvaiiia, bounded N ly IIiintiiigdon,and K by Alleghany co. in Maryland, and i \ divided into 13 tovfU- fhip-, and ctmtaiiis I0,i88 irdiabitam-. f:c:ni-rf.:t, a poft town in Somerfet co. Pennfylvania, 189 miles from W.ilhiii^ton. It lias 143X inhabitants. Somerfniout 3 milfii from Ann rifcogwin R. where h a pond rifled .S'o/i|T/j J'om/, X mile* long. Thib rtri um,^ which purfncs a fouthcrly courfe for at'lead 70 miles, is fo Jrcn from rapids, that timber may he hroupht con* ▼eniently from within' a few miles of its head. The other branch comet from Waterford and Suncook, and pafles through a number of fmall ponds ; then falling into Long PoitJ, it proceeds through Br/iiiiy Pendf and meets the other branch. It is boatable its whole length, 35 miOt. See Orau^etovm or GreenlanJ, and Stiago JPanJ Snnnra, a fubdivlfiop of the S divifion of N. Mexico, in N. America. Chief town, Tuiipe. Seiifantrtt, 9 fca port town and bay on the coaft of Mexico. Sopbiajburgb' Toivojiip^ in Prinre Ed- w;u-d f o. U. Canada, lies N W of Hal- lo well, and in the bay of Quriite. ScrrelXtver, the outlet of Lake Cham- | plain, which after a rourfe of about 69 miles N, empties into the river St. Law- rence, in N Ut. 46 io, and Ion, 71 ij W. Sorrel Tort, built by tho Frrnrh, is at the ■wcdern point of the mouth of this river. Sofnvfnto, a name applied to the Lefl'er Antilles, in the W. hidie^. Among thefe, ihe chief may be reckoned Trinidad, Mar- garetta, Cur.aflbu and Tortugas. S:invtnto I o':os,ot LetTvard Ifland of ^ea JVolvci or Stalt, on the coaft of Peru, is 7 leagues from the Barlevento Lobos, or Windward Ifland of Sea Wolves. It is i hout 6 miles in circuit, and 15 miles from C.ipe Aguja.' ^'•ii'rhjkool; a flream which enters Pc- roblcnt on the W ftde in the town of rlaiiic'.iaj. lyciicya-.v.int'.iiera, a Canadian fcttlemcnt, in l;it. 47 17 30 N. •Siuih, a Ibort river of Anne Arundel co. !M;iry land, which runs cr.ftcrly into Chef- apcaic Eny. Its moutli is about 6 miles ."^ of Annp polls city, and is navigable for veirt'Is of burden 10 or la miles. ■''c, ,',') An-hoy, a townfliip of N. Jerfcy, Muldlclex CO. and contained in 1790, ■267.6 ihha'ii'tanls. Fmiib jltiierica, like Africa, is an exten- sive peiiin('i)Jri, cottnefted with N. Amer- ica by the Ifthinus of D.irien, and divided between Spain, Portugal, France, Holland, and the Aborig'nos a« follows ■ Si.ain claims Terra Firma, Pern, Chili, and Paragu.-iy, the Puttugnf/t, Brazil ; the Fttnil), Cayenne; the /'«/i/j,niitrh Guiana; and the y/4or/ir/««,oroiiginal natives, Am- azonia and Patagonia. It extends from al«)ut lat. 12 N, to 54 S, or further if Ter- ra del Fucgo be included. The kngth is 3960 gec)^. miles, the breadth a8So. This p:vrt of America was probably peopled from Africa. The religion, excepting the Dutch territory and a few tribes of lav- ages, is Roman Catholic. The fouthern part of S. America expcricnc ck fcvcrc froflt, and almofl perpetual winter. In the torrid zone, fo lofty are the mountains, that the greatcfl inconvenience in the ex- treme cold-of the mountains, and moidure of the plains. In Peru the fummer is dry and cold. S. America has no inland feas, and few lakes. In Amazonia and Brazil there are none. Titicaca in Peru is the mod important piece of water in this part of the continent, its figure is oval, 140 miles in circumference, the deftli, 70 or 80 fathoms. Amazon is the greuteft river in the world, itslength is 3300 miles, in fome parts no bottom is fpund with a line of 103 fathoms. Oronoco ij a nnbie river. I'hc mountains are the mofl lofty on the globe ; volcanoes, fublimc and terrible, are numerous. The extent of the Andes is 4600 miles, Chimborozo, 100 miles S of Quito is 30, 180 feet .tbove the level of the fea, about 5000 feet higher than MoDt Blanc, the highed mountain of theoldworld. Catopaxi,a volcano, 3 j miles S E of Quito is 18,600 feet high. There are belide the Andes, 3 other remarkable chains of mountains, that of the Northern coaft between 9 ain^ 10 N lat. that of Parima from 3 to 7 N' lat. and that of Chiquitos between 15 anil 30 S lat. The general height of the firft chain is from 6 to 800 toife*. Several of \i% fummits are perpetually covered with fho^, and often pnnr down torrents of boiling, fulphureous water. 1'he fecond range of parima is little known. It ftretches from the Andes E near Popayan, and form* cataraAs in the ■ Oronoco, 'Lat. 5 N. The third chain unites the Aiides of Peru aiid Chili with the mountains' of Brazil and Par- aguay. The higheR fdmmits are between lat. 15 and 30 S.' 'The chief cities in the Spanifh government ate Lima, Buenos Ayres, and Bogota. RiO J^iero is the. capital ofthe Portuguefe province of Bra- zil. From Buenos Ayres there is a pod road with convenient relays of horfes and rarriages to Perifc PMtrtou. imtbatnptsn. Snrithamfilo South y!n,i,i river, in Vir Painunky ri\ South Jl'iy, plain, which extends itfclf At the Orai iitke it recci\ Southborou^l. e:i(lern part o fctts, incorpo inhabitants, Boflon. South BoJIoH^ Virginia, on t South Bran, Hudlbn's Ba fituatcd on river. South Brimfi chufctts, Ham F* of Northan Bofton. It wa conta%is 774 Southhury, ; Lltchlicld ro. and 51 N W inhabitants. South Carotin of America ; h N W by Ten, Ocean ; 8 and and a branch Tugulo river, from Georgia. 35 8 N lat. an Ion. from Lond 300 miles, in I 34,080/quare above the falh between the f was divided ii Btaufort, and Gi \y called the i 5'*, IVafiinpon, *»»■», and Cbern fer Country. T ly been forme, judicial diftridls Diflriai. 1 Charlefton, 3 Colleton, 3 Beaufort, 4 Georgetown 5 Orangeburg 6 Sump;er, 7 Marion, 8 Barnwell, S York, ill, anci il ; the iGuixnH; VC3, Ara- ilft from r if Ter- kngth is So. Tlii» peopled ptin^, tliu s of f»v- fouthem ck fcvcrc nter. In lountains, in the ex- 1 moifture Tier i» dry land feas, iiul Qruzil em is tlie it in thit e is ov!i1, AvftU, 70 he grcateft J300 miles, ind with a I is a noble moft lofty iblimc and extent of ioror.o, 100 above the :eet higher jiountain of 10, 15 miles (h. There remarkable Northern lat. that of id that of lat. The is from 6 immits are L and often [ulphureotis ^arima is .the Andes •ataraove the falls of the rivers, and 14,5x0 between the falls and the Atlantic. It vpas divided into 9 diflrid^s, Chaiiejton, Btaufort, and Georgetown condituting what n called the Loiver Count ry, and Ninety Six, IVaJbiHTton, Pinchney, Camden, Orarl^e^ hurg, and Chem-w diftriifts, called the Up- fer Country. Thcfe 9 diftriAs have late- ly been formed into a6 fubdivifions, or judicial diflridts, whirh follow. Dijtriat. 'Total Inhabitant^. 1 CharleOon, 57.486 a Colleton, a4i903 SOU 3 Beaufort, 4 Georgetown, 5 Orangeburg, 6 Sump;cr, 7 Marion, 8 Barnwell, %o,4i8 «C',33» I5.'6^ 6,914 7,376 19,148 S/avet, 41.945 ao,47i 16,031 15,860 5?356 1,690 1,804 in Chcftpr, 8,185 M,o5» a,a»4 14 CirecnvilL-, • 1,504 1.4.19 15 Spart;ini)urgh, it.iaa 1,467 1 6 Union, >o.JJi 1,697 17 Egefield, 18,1 JO 3,006 18 Abbeville, i.r55.'» a,964 19 Richland, 6,097 3,0J1 ao Lancafler, 5.01* 1,076 at Kcrfliaw, 7..140 a J 30 aa Newberry, I a, 006 2,10.% aj Cheftcrfield, 5.2' 6 1,148 a4 Marlborough, 5«».?» 1,395 a5 Darlington, 7,6.;? a,33* a6 Horry, a,6o6 0,708 ,^45,59» »46.i5r Th£ militia of the ftatc is divided into two divilinns ; each commiinded by a M.n jor General. 'Vhefc divifions c« mpre- hend 9 brigades, 39 rej-imcnfs of infantry, 8 r(,gimentR, and a fquadron of cavalry, and one regiment and batallion of artillery, belidc artillery companies attached to fome regiments of infantry. The whole include 35,785 men. This ftate is water- ed by many navigable rivers, the princi- pal of which arc Savannah, EdiHo, Santrc, Pedee, am} their branches. I'he .Santee is the largeft river in the Hate. Thofe of a fecondary fi/c, as you pafs from N t» S, arc Wakkamaw, Black, Copper, Aflie- poo, and Combahce rivers. In the third clafs arc comprehended thoOe rivers which extend but a lliort diftancc from theocean, and ferve, by branching into numberlefs creeks, as drains to carry oftthe rain wa- ter which comes down from the large in- land fwamps, or are merely arm^ of the fea. The tide in no psrt of the flate, flows above 25 miles from the fea. A ca- nal of ai miles in length, conneding Cooper and Santee rivers, is completed, which coft £150,000 (lerling ; the com- pany are allowed to rai:e a toil of 25 per cent, on the fum adtually expended. It is 35 feet wide at top, 20 at the bottom. It is death by the law for any man will- fully to brcalc or deftroy any part of it. Another canal is ibon to be begun to unite the Edido with Afliley. Several compa- nies are incorpcrated fpr the improve- ment of inland navigation. It is alfo iit contemplation to make a waggon road from the fettlements in S. Carolina, over the mountains to Knoxville, in Teneflee ; and a fum of money has been v<»ted frtr that purpofc. The only harbour: of note, are i I ^ mi • / sou •rethofc of Cna.lefton, Port R(iyal,and Georgttowii. ') he climate is diftVrent in clillerint parfc of tlic Hate. Along the fca coafl, l)iiii)U3 dile-ifes and fevers of Various kinds arc prevalent between July and Oilober. Tiie jrobability of dying is mucli greater bet wen the 2Cth of June and tlic 7.0th o'' Odlober, than in the other ti;]ht months in the year. One caufc of thcfe diftal":..-., is, a low marlliy country, whiili is jvtrflt)vved for the fake of cultivating rirc. The cx- h;ilaiions from thefe ll.tf .atcd wtters, from the rivers, and from the neighbour- ing ocean, and the profufc perfpiration of vej^ctabk.i of ail ki;i(ls, wliicli corer the ground, fill the air wiih moiflurc. Ihis nioi(hire falls in frrqncnt rains and copious dews. From ai^u d obforvation, it h\s been found that the average annu- al fall of rain, for ten years, \v;;s 4.'- inchr s, without regardingthemoiftnre tliat fell in fogs and dews, I'iie great heat of tjjc day reLxes the body, and the agreeable cool- iiefs of the evening invites to an expofnre to thefe heavy dews. But not only docs the water on the low grounds aiid rice fwanips become in a degree putrid, and emit an unwholefomft^apour, but when it is dried up or drawn off from the fur- fare of the ground, aquantityof wi :.'dsand gr^fs which have been rotted by the wa- ter, and animals and iifli whicli have been riellroytd by it, are expofcd to the intenfe heat of tlic fiui, ;ind help to inl'cdl the air with a quantity of poifonous eflluvia. ^V'itilin the limits of Charlelhm, the cafe is vcy diiTirent, and the danger of con- tracting difeafes arifes from indolence and txcel's. Though a reftdcnce in or near the fwampj is very injurious to liealth, yet it has been fati-.fa«i1orily <*r- ; ccrtained, that by removing three miles ; from them, into t!ie jjine land which oc- ] fjipies the middle ground between the ; rivers, an exemption from autumnrd fc- ' vers may Ijc obtained, 'i'hc difagrceiMc | tfffcflri of this climate, experience has • proved, mi{»ht in a ('.reatmcafurebeavoid- fd; by thofe inhabitants wliofe ciruniftan- ' CCS will admit of their removal from the neigbourhood of the rice fwamps, to jiealthicr fituations, during the moiitiisof July, Augart, Stptcmbsr and Oclohcr ; and in the worft lituations, by tempcr- jnce ind care. Violent excrcil'conhorfc- back chiefly, expofnre to the meridian r'lypof ihefun,fuddenfliow€rs of rain, and the night air, are too frcqmntly tlu> canfcs pf fevers and other diibrUwrs;. Wculd the SOU fporlfmen deny themftlvcs, during the f.ill months, theirfavouritc aniuiVmtntsof hunting and iilhing, or confine thcmlelvcs to a very few hours, in tJie morning or evening ; would the induftrious planter vifit his fields only at the fame hours; or wouirl the poorer clafs of people pay due attention to their manner of iiviiiy, aiidobitrve the precautions recommend- ed t(j them by men of knowledge and ex- perience, much lickiiefs and many dil- treding events miyht be prevented. The upper country, liiuatcd in the medium becween extreme heat and cold, is ai healthful as any part of the U. States. Tlie mountains are ranged in regular di- rt-iflions. The climate is agrecatilc ; thi; foow is fcldom more than an inch deep, thawing at the firlt appearance of the fun, Sometimes ihe pondi permit Hiding and flcating. Vegetation commences in Ixlj, The maple, the willow and alder firfl ; foon after the plumb and peach tre/s arc in bloffom. Hurricanes and ftorn's are not unfrequent in tliis climate, Ejcciit the high hills of Saiitce, the Ridge, and lonie lew other hills, this country is like one cxteniive plain, till you reach the Tryon and Hog'wck Mountains, 2:0 milts N W of Charlefton. There is ex- hibit! d from the top of thcfe mountains an extenfive view of this fiate, N. Caro- lina, and Georgia, And as no o^yeifl in- tervenes to oblirut^ the view, a man with t:lcfci)pic eyes mi^hl difeern vefTels at fca. The mountains W and N W rife much higher th.T.11 tiiefe, and form a ridge, which divides tiie waters of 'I'eneflce and Sanr. tee rivers. The fea eoafl m bordered with a chain of fine fea ifl. < ds, around which the fea flows, opening nn excellent inland navigation, for the conveyance of produce to market, Nof Charlellon har- i)our, lie Eull's, Dewce's and Sullivan's i (lands, which form the N part of the harbour, James' ifland lies on the other fide of the harbour, oppofitc Ciiarlefhin, containing about 50 families. Further S W is John's ifland, larger than James'; Stono river, which forms a convenient and fafe harbour, divides thefe illanda, <^ontignot!s to John's ifland, and connee^- ed with it by a bridge, is Wadmelaw ; li of which are the fmall ifles of Keywaw and Simmon. Bttwecn thefe and Ediflo Ifland, isN, Ediflo inlet, which alfo alFon > a good harbour for velVelsofeafy riraitui water, .S of EdifVo Ifland is S. Ediflo Inii t thronghwhich cnter,from the northw.irri all the vcflels bound to Ecaufort, Aflte-- poo, Com!: 5 W fide o ter of ifla which is Pc Royal lie Paris Ifland 6 in numbe called from" wild game fi iflands, and long to St, K river, you ct fouthern fea SWofHiltoi Dawfulkics', between wh Caliboqie ri' the outlet of foil on thef( adapted toth ton than the The natural which is lb e) the palmetto of \vhieh, in was (xpcrien M(o fmall pii tie, wild olive and coarfe fa morefcrtHe p oik, hickory, The whole ftai 100 miles fron »"?;, is low an ftnne, and abo ly on and ne; or marflics, wl tivated, jield, averafje, an am no dollars for c "'ore ; but thi cultivated by ^ gering both liea do not cover ftiite of Carolin gradml afcent land rifcs abou proceed in u W 'on, commence ti-y- The travel or defccnding I fure fcems to h 'fa pretty high fdiand transfor vety form the ment of transfo the eye with fm Some little herb grow on this ft ftWf and have b sou sou poo, Combahcc, and Coofaw. On t)ie 5 W fide of St. Helem lllanJ lies a cluf- ler of idands, one of the Ijrgell of which is Port Royal. Adjacent to Port Royal lie St. Helena, L.ndies Ifiand, Paris Ifland, and the Hunting Ulanda 5 or 6 in number, bordering on the ocean, fo calkd from'thc number of deer and otiier wild game found upon thfm. Ail thcfe iflands, and fomc others of lefs note, be- long to St. Helena parifli. Crolfing Broad river, you tome to Hilton Head, the niofl fouthcrn fea ifland in Carolina. W .tikI & Wof Hilton H.id, lie Pinckney's, Bull's, Dawfulkics', and fome fmallcr illands, between which and Hilton Hu-:id, arc Calibo<»ie river and found, wliicb form the outlet of May and Ntw rivers, 'i'hc foil on thcfe ifl'^inds isgtnerally better at oavanuah •'1 Broad riv( r,in about 6 30 W Ion. froni Philadelphia. Ijeyoud tliis rid^'c, com- miuccsa touutiy cxaiftly rcfen.b'ing the iu)rtliern States, or like Devonlliire in Ku'^land, or i.anguedoc in France. Here hills and dales, with ail their verdure and variegated bciuity, prcfent tliemlcives to the lye. Wheat fields, which are rare in the low country, begin to grow com- mon. Here Heaven hiis bellowed iti bkilings with a nn.fl bounteous hand- Thc .iir is much more temperate and healtl'ful than nearer the fea. Tlie hills are covered with valuable woods, the vallies watered with beautiful livtrs.and the fertility of ihc foil is tqua! to every vegetable produ^ition. Tliis, by way of dillimition, is called the Ujf:r Cnyniry, where are dit]erent modes and dilfercnt articles of cultivation ; where the man- ners of the people, and even their lan- guage have a dltTcrent tone. The land ftill rifes by a gradual afcent ; each fnc- cceding hill overlooks tli.it which imme- diately precedes it, till, having advanced 2S0 mik.3 in a N \V direClion from Charlcdon, the elevation of the land above the fea co;ift, is found by menfura- tion to be 800 feet. litre commences a mountainous country, which continues rifmg to the wcflern terminating point o( this flate. The mountains are ranged in regular dirctSlions. Of the particular fummits 1'Mf mounhrit is the niofl remark- able. It rifes in Pendleion dirtridt, Wof the S fork of Saluda river, 4 or jinilet from the N boundary of the flate. It it 3168 feet higher th;.n the furrounding country, probably 43CO above the ocean. On one hde is a precipice of fulld rock, 900 feet perpendicular ; the valley helow is equally deep on that fide, making the height of the chafm 6 or 800 yard-'. Weft- ward aad feparatcd only by u valley rifet the ' i'k-'S, ■.'{ ■«,!' '* .1 •ti Ni'i- sou SOXS the lofty Colenoy. In the fame diftridl the Occonnee mountain Hfts its fumniit j ur 600 yards above the adjacent lands. From Paris':* mountain i» a delightful profpedl. Much iron ore and a fpecimen <>rgoid have been found here. Near its liafc is a fulphur fpi'ing of ftrong powers. The fuil may be divided iflto four kinds ; Jlrjl, the pine ban en, which is valuable Dniy for its timber. Intcrfperfcd among the pine barren, are traifls of land fr< e of timl)cr and tvcry kind of growth but that of grafs. TluTc fr.idU are called Suviumas, conflitutiuj^ a /f. i>/(^kiiid of foil, jood for grazing. 'J'hc tJ !rJ kind 'u that of the fwamps aikd low ,;round« on llu- rtver>, which is :< iclxtiirc of black loam nnd fat clay, prod'^rin^ naturally cants in great t>t«.nty, cyj/^.l-*, br.ys, loL)li)lly pines, 5ic-. In theft fwannis.rict is (.iilti- Vated, wliicli conflitutcs the Oapie coni- jnodity of the (tale. The hi^h land.s commonly known by tiie name of oak, and hickory lands, conflltutt the fourth kind of foil. The natural growth is oak, hickory, walnut, pine, and locuft. On thefe lands, in the low country, art culti- vated Indian corn priiucipally ; and in the back country, bcfide thcfc, they raift tobacco in Urge quantities, wheat, rye, barley, oats, hemp, flax, and cutuui. From experiments which have been made, it is well afecrtained that olives, (ilk, and madder may be as abundantly produced in S. Carolina, and we may add in Geor- gia alfo, as in the S of France. There is little fruit in this ftate, cfpecially in the lower parts of it. They iiave oranges, ^vhich arc chiefly four, and figs in plenty, a few limes and lemons, ponu-granales, pears, and peaches ; apples are fearct, and arc imported from the northern ftatts. Melons, cfpecially the water mtllon,are raifed here in great pcrfetStion. The riv- er fwamps, in which rice can bt culti- Tatcd with any tolerable dcgi ee of fafety and fuccefs, do not extend higher up the rivers than the head of the tides ; and in cdimatiug the value of this fpeeiibof rice land, the height which the tide rifcs is taken into confideration, thofe lying wherj it rifes to a proper pitch for over- flowin}' the fwamps being the mod vaiua- Lle. The bed inland fwamps, which con- (litutc a fecond Ipccies of rice l.md, arc Ijich ae are fumidted with rcferveu of wa- ter. Thefe referves arc formed by means of large banks throv/n up at the upper parts of the fwamps, M'hencc it is convey- ed, when needed, to (he £eld« of rice At the diftance of about i to miiet from the fea, the river fwamps terminate, and the high lands extend quite to the rivers, and form banks, in fume places, feveral hundred feet high from the furface of the water, and afford many cxteniivc and delightful views. Thefe high banks avo interwoven with layers of leaves, and dif- ferent coloured earth, and abound with quarries of free ftone, pebbles, flint, ei yf- tals, iron ore in abundance, filver, lead, fulphur, ,ifKl co;.ri': diamonds. The fwamps, ibovc the head of Ike tide, are. ocealionaliy planted with cofii, coiloii, and indigo. The foil is very rich, yicld- in^^ Irom 40 to 50 hiifhtis of corn an at re. It is curious to ohl'crve the grauat'uns from the lea coafl to tlic upper couiiuy, with relpci.1 to the jirodin c, the niodf: of < ullivation, and tlie euliivators. On the iilaridbupoTi the lea coaft, and for 4^o or "JO miles back, and on t!ie rivers nuicii farther, the cultivator* are all flaves. Mo white man, to fpcak generally, ever tiii; io of fettling -x farm, and improving it ur himfelf, without negroes; if he has no negroes, he hires himfelf as ovcrfeer to loiiie rich planter, till he can pure!; ifc for himfelf. The articles cultivated r.rc corn, rye, oats, tveiy fpecics of pulit, and potatoes, which with the fmall rice, are food for the ne;;ro'.s ; rice, inc!ij:;o, cotton, and fome hemp, lor expor- tation. The culture of eottoa is rapaiilc of being incrcafed equal to almoft any de- mand. The foil was cultivated, till late- ly, almoil wholly by manual labour. I'he plough, till llnce the peace was fearce- ly uftd. Now the plough and harrow, a.id other improvements are introduced into the rice fwamps with great fueeels, and will no dou1)t become general. In the middle fettlciTients, negroes are not fo n merous. Tiie mafler attends pcrfon.'.liy to his own bulinefs. The land is not properly iituated for rice. It produces tolerable good indigo weed, and lome to bacco is railed for exportation. Tlie fanner is contented to raife corn, pe.i;.- toes.oats, rye, poultry, and a little wheat In tiie upper ecmntvy, there are but fnv negroes ; generally f'pcaking, the farmcri have none, and depend, like the inlubil- ants of the northern (tales, upon the l.i hour of themfclves and families for I'ul)' liftence ; iltc plough is ufed almoft wiiol' ly. Indian corn in great quanritiu, wheat, rye, barley, oats, potato*', &i' 11; raifed for food ; and tobacco, w1»eat,<'y - ton, Ucnip, flan, and indigo, for tjipxri- tied. tJort. ' Vri been founc and wine n root, pink nal herbs g feiigdii an country ab« ns jrold, filv and iron ; bi who dirtifl fliem, that knowledgeo ly make ule txtradling tl are likewifc of different petrified fnbf bie beautiCul and vitreous which, when with linfeed >aiiPt , alfo, I • •'«■ texture, , o* *i5<> IttfA, wee^ j«rhidi y its leuv«?(i are ly rcfeMt>tiii; ^fife, A.n aboiK fulphur, nitre, M rivers iargi colie» o'-en niadr- "•omifes well. I >r'pHringfhp or *": ?»re confias ( n!!c< from inate, and the rivers, es, feveral furfiice of teniivc and I hantcH aro es, and tlil- tound with , flint, ci yU filvcr, Iciid, nds. TIk he tide, art;. ^11, coitmi, rich, yicld- yrn an 'Acie, ; jjrauirtiiins per coi>»n-y, , the mode vaiora. Oi\ , ,uid t'oi- <)0 rlvcih niiicii iroviiig It u r if he has no ovcrfeci- to :an purch ifc ultivaad ^.rc ics of puilc, ii the i'lnall :pro'.s ; rice, i\p, for cxpttr- on lb rapa' ' tiort. t'roth late etperiiTirnts !t has been found that vines may be cultivated, and wine made to great advantage ; fnakc root, pink root, and a variety of medici- nal herbs grow fpontatjcoufly ; alfu, gin- feug 0n and near tiie ihountains. This country abounds with preciout ore»,fuch as Jt*ild, filver, l«d, black lead, c6pper tdd irotl ; but it is the misfortune of thole who dire(5t their purfuits iu fcirch of tliem, that they are deficient in the knowledg«of chymiftry, and too frequent- ly make ufc of improper minftruums in txtraifling the rel'peiftivc metals. There are likewife to be found peilticid floncB of different hues, rock cryftal, pyrites, petrified fubflances,coarfe cornelian, mar- ble bcautilully variegated, vitreous Itone and vitreous faad; red andycH )W ochits, which, when roaflcd and ground ilowa witii linfced oil make a very excrilcnt ^aiiit , alfo, potter's clay ol a mofl deli- #««<> tcxtiM-e, fuller's earth, and a number (yf 4^. ftivt^!, among which Is a lingular weei^ 4r^hici> yields four different colours, its leiV' are inrprifingiy fVyjjtic, flrong- ly relcmbling the taltc of alum ; like- tvifc, .in aliv>)dancc of chalk, crude alum, fiilphiir, nitre, vitriol, and along the hanks *f rivers large quantities of marl maybe Colleifted< There are alfo a variety of roots, the medicinal efTctfls of which it is the barbarous policy of thofe who are in the fccret to keep a profound myriery. 'I'hc rattle fnakc root, fo famous ainonjjft the Indians for the cure of poiibn, is of the number. The hand of nature never formed a country with more natural ad- vantages, or blrffed it with a more itrenc or healthful climate. It ab(iOn(ls with game of all kind*:, i« a very fine fruif I country, and is peculi.arly adapted t« the growth of vines, the olive, filk, ao^><, and [its medicinal Cprifcgs are not inferior to [any in Europe. 1 he irou works, known Ibv the name of the yffra JEiua iron -worit, |)rei;roijnt» from the interior partsof this (tai: inform, thac cotton, hemp, and flax are plenty ; that fhcy have a confiJerablc flock of gooil flieep ; that great exertions arc madejan.-i much done in the hotiftb'old way ; that they have long b.eu irt the habit of do- ing fointthlng in family iftanufai^urt a, bi;c within a few years p*ft great iniprovo menti have bei'n made.- The women d > the Weaving, and leave the men to attend to ^griciilturc. This (tate furniflics all the n)Ht rials, and of the bell Vir 3, for fliip oiii..)iiig. The live oak, anu the pitch a, " ; . Ilow uines, arc of a i'upcrior oi»:'lity. much attention ta now paid t,> nic nisi rftcb-ir,, of indigo, in this flate, thru it >.d9 fair to rival that of the Frei.c! . It is to be rewrettcd, that it is ftiii *+!€ pratSlice 1 the merchants con- Ce > d in the CaroKtu tr.adi, to fell at .-"isgr, ma' .cts th-; Carolina indigo r^4s. There ar>: f" /cral refpecla- ble aca4«Rucs in C^rtei'7' .i, one at Beau- fort, on I'ort Roysrl Wland, and fev ral o(h» rs i« mKert nt pprt* of tlie fkate. Sit colle^yrs hflvc lately been isuorpornfed by law, but they dcfctve nohi^lw ai.|Mll.»- tion than grammar ftlools. Two it them bid fair to be honorable ta l^ tt^rt. liii : "i n ¥''i\ f. «*'- 9 J^^ *&; WHntQtt and S. CaroUoa colVeget. 4t bfAfort a hpttl^ for tbc {^efidentiabiliUt, add confraOt pude for tfeiftiDe a co^jBge. T))fc S. CaroUna mll«ge it to be €jMim4 „ at Coluftibia. Part of the old baRW^f in CbarieAon hat been haadfonciy Mii I up,- aaci converted into a college. ; ml4 [ there arc a number of ftudents ; iwt .w duet not yet merit a more dignified nnnc than that of a refpe<£table academy. The Mount Sion college, at Winniborough, it fupportcd l)y a refpedlable fociety of gen- tlemen, who have lung been incorporated. This inftitution fiouriihcs and bid* fair for ufefulnefs. The college at Cambridge i> no more than a grammar fchool. That the literature of this (late might he put upon a refpeiStable footing, nothing i« wantin? but a fpirit of cntcrprife among It* wealthy iniiabitants. The Icgillaturc, in their fefllon in jaftuary, 1795, appoint- ed a committee, to inquire into the praers are fuppurted and the children educated- The annual cspendi- ture of the eftahlifliment for orfdians is about J 3,34;t,doll.rr?. In 9 years after its inftitution, 544 girls, and 941 boys were entered in its butiks. The little atten- tion that has been paid to manufa(^turet, occafions a vaft confumption of foreign imported articles ; but the quantity and value oif their exports generally leave a balance jn favor of the (late, except when there have been large importations of ne- groet . The foreign tr^dc of S. Carolina u with Europe apd theW.lndi^s. To thcfe ijountrlet arc exported rice, indigo, cot- ton, tobacco, i^jir, pitch,tturpeotioc. The following is the amountiof tunaHge«f the ftate for 3 years. In 1796 it was 36985 t6ns,iy[79;,, 39,ia», in 1798,41,876. Tiiejei^ortt of the ft«t« forthe ttuUrfng feM».iMte ia 179^1, a,69a,»67, in »t9i, %,i%t,inSr In 1)193, 3.»9«.*Wte •» l794, 3.867*90*, in S795> Jif98>49>i >n W96. 7,6x0,049, in 17^^ 1^9i6m, ^n 1798. 6,994,179, 10 ti^9, oi5> >a '^°^> xv639>36j doilnn. CharlcAon it by far the moft eonfideiiable city ou ^c fea coaft» for no extent «if6co miles.. From if nee annnetly expoftcd about the value of two milUont and a half of dollars, in native conniifaditees ; and it fnpplics, with imporlMl goods, a great part of the iahj(hitanu of ll» Carolina and Georgia, | as well at thofe of S. CaroUna. The har- bour is open ail the winter, and its con- j tiguity to the W. India iflands gives tiir me rchants fuperior advantages for carry- 1 ing on a peculiarly lucrative commerce. [ A waggon road of fifteen miles only is all that is wanted, to open a communication | with the inhal^iiants of TeneHee. Knox- ville, the capita! nf that (late, is 100 miles I nearer to Charlefton than to any other I cnnftderablefeapott town on the Atlantic | Ocean. The reformation in France oc- caAoned a tivil war between the Protef-| tant and Catholic par^p .in that king- dom. During tltefc domeflic troubles,! Jafper de Coligni, a {M^incipal commaiulerl of the proteftant army, fitted out 1 fliipi, and fent them with a^:olony to America,! under the command of Jean Riband, fori the purpofe of fecurinjr a retreat froml profeculioo. Riband landcU at what is now| called Albemarle river, in N. Caroiinaj This colony, after enduring increclihl hardfliips, were extirpated by the Sj)an-j iards. No further attempts were made tofxlaot a colony in this quarter, till il« rei^ of Charles II. of England. Souti Eafy a poft town in Dutchef^ coJ N. York, .'^00 miles froB! WaiUngton. lt| has 1956 inhabitants. Southern Slatea ; thc^litet of MaryUii^i\ Firginia, Kentucky, N. CirrMina, Tenrffee Cafolha, »ad Georgia,hr)\ .ded N hyPend lylvanla, are thus dcuomi«ated. Thii diftridt of tht Ueien contiiiiM upward of 1 ,900,000' iB4«»bita««fi, of wlMHn648,43jl arc Haves, vfhich'ntiirmiai/atirttmtluodhi whole numher of fl»ws m the Unite States. The influence of flavery has proJ duced a very di(lingui(hing feature in the general chara^er of the inhabitant* which, though now difccrnable to iii» ^ -ft * i '"Vri-eror/i hiltl .>!«•.•• I." ff* '.V 7'' ,;^' ./»" /'/• •/' ,w' //^ I'll I'.ipIs* /L,y/., ,' •♦ // // . # L/ .3?. ,-;/' ii^ * Aiim/l/ni/v riffivt/it/ii/ jrvtnWitWwtviiW -ijjBKJi: Jir' 'r i^ I * Y »■•<>/ ''^.v*. !:i I % I "■^^^- * \ i t 'J '/- ***■» tv- ^*S n-f 1 'I Ml 1^ 1, 1 \ ' i I \ < -Ar.-'/iS a So t. Pv- : ■;.»;< -^"^'^' . ' \ _ ..„ f I j /r -\ \ , ((ll*'^ I* ■• ,1 ''i^^ I ,' i/ ==l ^' ' ' '''>^**< I'' ^^^-^ I ./f -> I., •■' ^ ! •')< ■' » '• • -I, ., _- ,./ ~ifc"»j"» V"-— '••'-■i J. '-t,/ / "- ,-, I intiJii nil ''rr^i^ /. ''yf.t/'ii-ih'' > op .'ill///, I fill/ \ in )<'lio.^/ri- \=. o/.Hiini.i/a -;,; ^rj^uiMp ?f',A^j^^^^^ "liiniluuy^^oXir /, ' ".'•••••ll.'iJxU'O \f. \, ■' 1 , •' i'"'»'''irrtrii/n^— y-i'inM;, ■■ \. V'/.i',..,.k= < Miii-.i< l.nnt ' 1- «\iH'IM',S°(Mln.|ll~ If''. , ,^itti"<'i'i'i ' • \ — Ut r/,/,inii/iii^ /lit — ' *C •> \ '•'''•III il'iiril-^ ^ Y"'/-,,.\ -ii Uir//,/,/ ,, .y^'-Ul- il// I "' lllll.hlfl/m ^ X : • .. I. \ >/ \ I il.iiii.ari rrij '<■ ''j^ "I'"- ■'i!/i/-y^~~~^ '^yV^.^ ~<'r'ii'h'r ill.\|{l,KST'>.V.'-l5^. //' ',V 'i»- ifl .>(* /V ^/^ OSS (Mly;-///////-//./, <4f .«>,■■■ ™^^- V ^. ,\ " ,1:.. (.;■.. i);; OK QX^K ^LM-0W^ I'i'i'ir • '^/'"T^'^-^i^- ■■'^'/'■•^ifiiii/'.^ , ,,/ 'fi? '?? ". > I I f 4 '^^' ''^y^ y I'l iiiniii,/?i\ ./ . y n I , Sv ' '' ' ■ i «! -^l ^ v> 'Si - ''•l-i'illil \ \ T -* ^ !^ . Illlt.lllli hUvli,,. Ji, S I r iK H}) I V. E il C A . /A- ^ ,' ^ I ^ '/ I't'i if'i ni . / hftff/i'Y /f( f/ . J M / ^ ^ /!'/■ ""rtsaiL.. .'Wtil''l^l1W.'< Ainufi/tli/r rit/rfi/a/ii/ /ri'iii\\'n\\\tt\ Hadle^ fettt, HHmpfii Conaeegun in 179; riie falls are' andijnce the and canals, the increafe of tra the rive]r. Soi rd on thefe cad ^ter works m. iieerecSbed hci i>a(ie it one pUccsfor thel '>tHte8. . Can; tlie fame Cora Montgomery, aad Oil the faro >*>Wi Humpt t*een Jamfes* It coatains *».S flaves. Ti rrom Norfolk, \m from PhU I Soulb ifamfH IHiire, Rockin] Jl^fa^ L„.j.j|, "^f9 m ** stnr C0nfi r«tu, Hampfiiire ca on the E bank of Conae ticut river, made for the purpofe of nav« igating round the falk in the river, wer^ I begun in 1793, and: completed in '1795. The falls are about 3 milesr in length, I and iincc the coRipletioa of thefe locks and canals, there haa been a confidcrable increafe of tranfportation up and down the river. Some mills are already ercA- cd on thefe cant^lB,'acad a great variety of water works may, and doubtleft will, iooa beereifted her«, as nature and art have niade it one of the moft advantageous pUces for. thefe purpofes, in the United hitHtes. . emails are alfo' opening by t lie fame Company, at* Miller's FaUs in I Montgomery, about aj miles above tbc£e' I aad on the fame 'fide! of the river. >ioutb HumptM, a CO. of Virginia, be- Ittreen Jambs's river, and N. Carolina. lit contains 7300 free inhobitanU, and j(a.sflaves. The coart honle is 36 miles Krom Norfolk, «54n)n GicenviUey and \m from Philadelphia. I •$<«< j& JEr HarlMJUrj ft carries oa'u CaaAtmrnK 9 contains 3670 inhabitants. It it Itirmiles froiM sags. Harbour, 18 from Suftblk court houfe, 95 £ of N. York, and 335 from Wafhington. Soutb Hampton, two townfliips of Penn- fylVaniR,thc one in Buck's co. the other in 'that* of FranUin. SMb Hampton, a townlhip intheeaft> ern part of Nova Scotia, and in Halifax county. It was formerly called Tatma« gouche, and is 35 mile« from Onflow. South Hemp m, a poft town in Genafi fee CO J^I. York, 486miletfromWafI^gton South Htmpjica J, k tow nHup of N. York, (^een's CO. Long I. had its name altered in 1796 by the legiflature into Hemp* ftead. The inhabitants 4141 in number, have the privilege! of oyfteringi Sfliing, and clamming, in the creeks, bays, and harbours of N. Hempftead, and they in return have the fame right in S. Hempftead. South Htroy or Grand Iflanii, in Lake (%amplain. See Htro. Siuthhdd, a townfliip of N. Yoi'k, Suf- folk CO. Long I. It includes! Biflier's« BtaiB, Robin's and Gulf Iflands, a^d ail that part of the manor of St. Gcoi-ge on the N fide of Peaconock, evading W to the E line of Brook Haven. It is di- vided into a number of parities, and hou- f«s fior public worfhip,aitd cotitains 22 roin- liabitant*. it was iettled in 1640, by the Rev. Jolui Young and his adherents, orig- inally from £ngland, \xax. lail from Salem in Maftachuietts. SouiloU Toivnjbip, in Suffolk ca U. Canada, lies W of Yarmouth, having lake £rie, for its fouthcrn boundary. Smyth. Southold,A^o& town in SufFoik co. N. York, 353 miles from Wafltington. SotiiL Huntington, a townfhip in Wcft- moreland co. Pennfylvania. ^m«^'/n^M, a townfliip of Haitford co. Connecticut, ao miles S W of Hartford, and 22 N of N. Haven. It has 1704 in- habitants. South K'lHgJlon, a townflup of Rhode I. Wafliington co. on the W fide of Narra- ganfct Bay. It contaiiie 3438 inhabitants. South Mountain, a part of the Alleghany Mountains, in Pcnnfylvjmia. Near this mountain, about 14 miles from the town of CarUfl«,a valuable copper mine was difcovered in Sept. 1795. 5mM Keyi a fmall ifland, one of the Bahamas, in the Vf. Indies. N lat. %% 21, W Ion. 74 6. South Sea, now more ufually diftinguifli- ed by the name of Pacific Ocean, was fo named by the Spaniardbn afCoi: they iiad ,,\ '[< ** SPA SPA pt^edO!r«r the mount »tiu of t!ie Ifthmiu of Ditnen Qr Panama, from N to H. It might properly be. named the W«ftem Oceaaiwidi ri.';;arct to America in gener- al ; but from t!ie Idhmus it appeared to them in H i'outliern dire«Aion. hi the bunutirulitlaiKii in this ocean, the cold of ■winter is never known ; the tree* fridom lolc thi'n- lo&viif through the cooftant fucceiHo:. vt vegetation, and the tree» bear fruit through the greateQ pare of ♦he year, The neat ii always alleviated by alterqate brec:scs, whilA the inhabit- ants fit under the fhadow of groves, adoiiferous, and loaded with abundance. Thii; fky is ferene ; the nights beautiful ; and the fea, ever oflcring its incxhaufti- Mc (lores of food, an^ an eafy and pleair ing conveyance. Jie^ti Tbufe, or Souiber» Tliule, in the S. Atlantic Ocean, is the mod fouthern land ^vhich h.t8 H( any time been dil'covercd by. navigators. ^ lat. 59 34, W Iqn. %7 45. 5o«MTD;V/f, and townfliip of Mailachur fctts, liampihire co. no miles from Bof- tun aod la S W of Springiield. it was incorporated iu 1770, and coqlaini^ 867 inhabitants. .S0////1 i^'e^fi Faint, in TenefTco, is form- ed by- th:. confluence of Cli|icl' wUh Ten- «U'ee i^cr, where a block houfc is eretSk* «d, 40 mUes from Knoxville,; and 587 from Wailiington. Here is a port, oiHce. Smtl> IVaJiinjrton, a town of N. Carolina, Qn the N E branch iof Cupe Fdr river, which is navig^ible thus f;ir for bodts. It is S3 miles from Crofs Ruads near Dup- IU1 cQiirt houfc, and 36 from Wilmington. Soutoux, an tudiau vilbge in Lpuiliana, on the W fide of Milfifippi river, oppofiic to the Nine Mile R.ipid8, 2 2 miiis beluw \Vi(.fpincan river, aqd a8 above Uivicre a U Roche. N latk 41 io. Sow amf Pigj, H number of large rock« lying oiT the 4> W end of C^tahunk llland, one of the Elizabeth Illaxd^, o;i the cp, Ntm. See Mtxieo. ,Sjia,ii^ir(li' Aiy,. on the E cos ft of Cape ■J^retou I, is round the point of the S en- trance intoPortDauphin. It!'>?iii fte'l- The moft important trade of Spain is that which it cainci on with its American piovinccs. Tlie chief import!) irom (hefe cxtenfive coun. tries conlilt of gold, filver, precious fiones, pearls, cotton, cocoa, eochineal, redwood, ikins, rice, medicinal herbs and barks, as fad'afius, Peruvian bark, &c. Vanilla, Vicunna wool, fugar, and tobacco. In 1784, the total amount of the value of .Spanifh goods exported to America,was 195,000^00 rcalcsde vcUon; foreign commoditicsj 3,", 8,000,00s r. d. v. The imports frr.n America wer«! valued at 900,000,ou> r, d. v. in gold, filver, and pre- cious ftones; and upwards of 300,000,000 r. d. v. iu good!*. In the Gazetta de Mad- rid, 1787, (Feb. 20) it was Hated, that the e;cports to America (the Indie*) ft>om the following iihaibours, Cadiz, Corunna, Malaga, Seville, St. Lucar, Santander, Canarias, Alicunte, Barcelona, Tortofa, Gipon, St. Sebafiiaa, amounted, in 1785, to 767,249,787 r. d. V. the dutie.s paid,ou thefe exports amounted to 28^43,702 r. d, V. The imports, both in goods and money, from America and the W. India iflands, amounted in the fame year to 1,166,071.067 r. d- V. and the duties to 65,472,195 r. d. V. The profits of the merchants from the whole American trade was valued at 5,000^00 doHars. Spanijb Greet, is at the head of St. Ma< ry's river in Florida. Spanijb Main, that pait of the coaft of Anierica, wl^cli extends from the Mof- quito fliore, along the aorthein coaft uf Darien, Carthageua,and V«:nczuela to the Leeward Ides. Spantjh kivtr, a river and fettlement in Cape Brctop I. and the prefent feat of gov- ernment. Spiniifitovvn, Pee St. yogo dr la t^ega. Spariatvi's Ptint, on the N fliore of Pifc4tai)ua river, abroad of which fliips can anchor in 9 fathoms. Spart«,ik poll town in Sparta co. S. Carolina, 542 miles from Wnihington. Sparia, a poft town of N\ Jerfey, Suffex CO. 117 miles from Philadelphia, and 2j} (rom Waftiington. Sparta, a poft town of Hancock co. Georgia. It has a court houfe and gaol ; it %Dd4 in a ibrtilci and pqpulf us :oui>-. ■•••■•■■-■ • tjv, s?o SPR ll.Tucu- tefe tx- (indcr [>ortt ot other are cltt- vre» or nportant t cairin c». Tie ive coun- prccioiii lal herbi ian bark, igar, and mount of ported to de vcllon; OQ r. d. V. • valucxl at r,amlpre- 50,000,000 a tie Mad- d, that the ) from the , Corunna, Santander, I, Tortofa, !d,in 178.';. ies paid,ou 1,543.701 r. goods and lie W. India ie year to s duties to >fits oi the American 1 doHars. i pf St. Ma* Sparta co. S. alhington. Jerfey, Suffex phia, and 2J) Hancock en. lufe and gaol ; )puU»U8 :ou»" •^^ tiV. try, and is a place of confiilprnMc trade. SpuitdiibHrgh, adidiici of S. Ciirolliia. It has ia,i»a ii)hai»itant«, of whom 7467 ate Haves. The court houfe ii 30 miles from Pincltncv, 25 trom Greenville, and 746 from Philadelphia. Spmr Cape, on the E fide of Newfound- land I. is about 3 or 4 miles S E by S from St. John's. N lat. 47 ,^2, W Ion. 51 r^. Hfitiglt't Te^vH, on the W fljoreoftlic ifland of Barbadoes, towardii the N part ; formerly much reforted to l»y fliips from Bi^dol, and from thence called Little Brif- tol ; but mod of the trad? is now remov- ed to Bridgetown. It is in St. Peter's farifh, having Saiidy Fort, and Margaret's brt, about a mile S, and Haywood's Fort onthe Nat hulfthc diftance. N lat. 10 9,Wlon. /9'2i. Sfeneer, s townfliip in Worcefter co. ^aflachufetts, taken from LeicefVer, and incorporated in 1753, and contains 143a inhabitants, and lies 11 miles S wellward of Worci'fter, on the pofl road to Spring- field, ami 58S WofBofion. Spefittir, a fmall illand at the head pf Chcfapeak Bay. Spiritu Saitte, a town on the S fide of the iOand of Cuba, oppofite the N W part of the duller of illes and rock* called Jardin de la Reyna, and about 45 miles N W of l,a Triui(3ad. Spiritu Santo, or Tampay fiay, called alfo Hillfborough Bay, lies on the W ioaft of the peninfula of E. Florida ; has a number of flioals and keys at its mouth, and is 9 leagues N N W ^ W of Charlotte Harbour, and 56 S E by S ^ E fifthe bay of Apalache. N lat. 27 36, Wlon.8aj4. Spiritu Santo, a town of Brazil, in 8. America. It is on the fea coafl in a very fertile country, and has a fm.ill caRIs an opnolitc C!.;iikfli.wn, in N. HampiLii It haa io ^^ inhabitants. Sprini' iown in th<" N ppf t of Cl'C* {hire co. ..jmpfljire.lias j 70 inhabit r.ius Springji(y, {the Aaggawani of tlic In- dians) a pofttownof Mafl8ihufttts,H.imp.. fhire CO. on the E fide of Connnflicut river ; 20 ttiiles S by E of Nortbiunpton, 97 W S W of Boflon, 28 N of Hartford, 2JO N E of Phil,ultlphiH, and 39K from Wafliington. H lie townfliip of Springs field was incorpiirated in 1645. It con- tains t8ia inhabit.mts ; a Congrcgatioiial church, a court houfe, and a number of dwelling hoijfcs, mativ of which arc both commodious ami ekgain. 1'he to^vn lies chiefly on one long fpacious flrcct, which runs parallel with the river. A fiream from the hills at the eaflward «f the town, fr-lls into this (Irctt and form* two branches, which take their courl'e in oppofite direiflions, one of tjum runiiirg northerly and the other foufhcrly along the eaftern fidp of the ftrect, and ufTcrd the inhabitants, from one end to the othc."| an eafy fupply of water for domeftic ufes. Here a connderablc inland tradfe is carrj.. ed on ; and there is alfo a paper null, an arfenal and armoury. Springfield, a poit town in Himpfliire CO. Virginia, 14c miles from Wafliington. Springfield, a poft town, in Wafliington CO. Kentucky, 629 miles from Wafliington, Springfetdy a poft trw^eU, the name of 4 to\viifl>ips of Pennfyivania, viri in Buck's, Fayette, Del- aware, and Mont,eth, aud 18 uavigabie-a few mues for vef- fei'sof ioot()n«. Squam, a lake, pact of wMch is in the itbwnfliip of Holdernefs, in Grafton co. J}. HampHiire ; but the one hal^of itis 3n Strafford ccy U is.about 5 miles bsyr, and 4 broad' Sjtiam, a fhoct river of N> Hampflure,. the outlet of the above lake, whichijruns M.6 W courfc, and Joins the Pemigpwafj. fet at the town of New Cheder, aiul ib suiles above tkeoKHUh of the Wiqopl£e- ogee branch. , , Sjvaiit Beacbf on the Tea ooaft of N. Jer' ;fc;y, between Baroegat Inlet and Cranber- ry New Inlet. Squ;^ Hariouit,ox\. the N E fide of Cape JVnn, Maffachufettf, When a vef^elat iachiar off l«fcwbury Port Bay,' parts a ca- l>le and lufes.an aocnor with the wind at ^ £ or E N £, 1( Hie can carry double teefed fails, Qvi may rua S S\p j leagvc^, which courfe if made gpod, will carry her a little to the eaflw^d of S«iuani B«iy. Sj^aam (fidfti^ HiUJ.\v» iulat. 42 40. M, and Ion. jo^i. . . _ Sjuert H»ndUrebkf,vx ifland of fome extent in th» \V. Indies, which lies be^- tween lat. 21 5 and 2^ 34 N, ac4 between J6n. 70 19 and 70 4?. W, Squeaijg^^tt C>-^,ia,K York, a Kl^ead water of Alleghapy.riv^r. Itsmrauth.ls 19 miles N W of the Itiya Tttim. " Staattlhtrr^h,^ port to^n i^ N.York (late, lies on theEfidc of Uud£pn's river,berween iQiynbeck aiid Peughkjeepfie i about ^%..\ pulesS of Hii4iWn,jf^d361fof N.York city, 5/ring,:which is the refort of valetudinarians. It.bas 2344 in- habitanu. .SiafforJ, Nev), a tov^flnp^ of N. Jerfey, , in Monmouth co. and adjoining Dover on -the S W. It confiAs chiefly of pine bar-, ren land, and contained 803 inhabitants in 179a ,\ ,, . £/(^r ^W, in, Main«,Ues S of Parker's aod.Arcowfike iflands, OU' the N fide of Small Point, coniifting of 8 acres not ca- I pable of much improvement ; and ,is on- ly remarkable for being the firfi land in- habited in New England, by a civilized people. It is net now inhabited. Sttmfard TowiiiJhip, in the county of> linooLn, U. Canada, lies on the W fide of Niagara rivier, and S of Newark. A port of entry and clearance, is eftablilhed in this townfliip, . on.the N bank of Chippa- w^ , ri v«r near the bridge. Stamford,'^ townfliip of Vermont, in Bennington co. it corners on Bennington tothci>£,and contains 383, inhabitants, and has good interval li^td. Stamfordi a poA town of ConncAicutf Fairfield co. on a fmall ftream called Mill river, which empties into Long Ifland Sound. It contains a Congregational and Episcopal .church, about 45 compadt .dwelling houies,.- and contains AiS* iohabitants. It i*; 10 miles S W of Kftfwalk ; 44 S V of j^. Haven ; 44 N £ of N. York; I39„N. E of Philadelphia, and 388 from WaOiington. The town- ihip.wasfoxmerly galled J?iy/owuflM, and wav fettled in/i64t, Sti^mftirJj a poU town of Nt York, in Delaware co. taken from Weodfiock, aud ineorjwrated in. 1799.. It haf; 934 inliab- itants, and is 447 miles from Wafhingtun. Stamford,. A poO: town in Linct^ co. liKentucky, 628 m'iles.from Wafliington. 5/«M^,- a pod ^own of Mqina, on the W line of Cumberland co>betv"^n Pre* 'Tum^icut and Saco rivers. It was incorpo- rated in J 7.8j| aii4 coataiasLi3}6 inhpb- - iuuts; ST A STE ftant§ ; i8 miles N W of Portland ; 163 N of Bofton, and 6i6from Waflungton. Stanford, a townflitp of N. York,l>.»tch- tfs CO. taken from Walliington, an J in- corporated iu I793. It ha» 2344 inliab* itants. Stanford, the capital of Lincoln co. Ken- tucky ; Atuated on a fertile plain, about 10 miles S S E of Danville, 40 S by W of Lexington, and 57S S E of Frankfort. It contains a ftone court houi'e, a gaol, and about 40 houfes, StanJIead, a townfliip, in L. Canada, bounded VV by Lake Meinphramagog, S hy Vermont. It is fettled by about 750 inhabitants, a promifruous emigration from various pwrts of the United States. Stanley f^nll.'y, lies north wefterly of Carter's Valley, being feparated from it by a ridge and row of knobs. The wa- ter is good, the foil rich, and the land- fcapes generally agreeable. Stantoix, Old Fort, in the State of N. of York, is fituated in the townlTiip of Rome, at the head of the navigable waters Mohawk river. Its foundation was laid in 1 759, by Gen. Broadftreet, and built upon, by the troops of the United States, during the late war. The Britifli made an unluccefsfu attempt to take it in 1777. Starts, a town in Kenncbeck co. Maine, on the W fide of Kennebeck river, W of Norridgeworfc, and 35 miles N W of Au- fufla. Sandy river enters the Kenuebeck in this town. StariJhoroMgh, a townjfhip in Addifoa co. Vermont, i» miles E of Ferrilburg. It contains 359 inhabitant". StattH Jfland, lies 9 miles S W of the city of N. York, and conftitutes Rich* mond CO. The ifland is about 18 miles in length, and at a medium 6 or 7 in breadth, and contains 4563 inhabitants. 0» the S fide, is a confiderable traCi of level, good land ; but the illand in gener- al is rough, and the hills high. Richmond is the only town of any note, and that is »n inconfiderable place. The inhabitants -are chiefly defcendants of the Dutch and French ; and are noted for their hofpi- tality to (Grangers, and love of thsir na- tive "pot. St(i.ien Land, an ifland at the extremitv •f S. America, about 30 r Mes in length and 12 in breadth. It lies to the ead- ward of the E point of Terra del Fuego, tnd from Which it Is feparated by Strait It Maire. The centre of the idand is in lat. about 54 30 8, and Ion. 64 30 W. Statejiurg^ a poft town of S. CaroHna and the capital of Clermont co. "on the K fid' of Beech Creek, which unites with Shanks Creek: :md empties into the Wa- teree, a few miles below the town. Ic contains loorii houl'es, a court liouf« and gaol. It u ao miles S by E of Cam- den, 100 N by W of Chariedon, and 493 from Wafhington. StatifmUe, a port town in Iredell co. N. Caroliiia, 44 r miles from Wafliington Staimien, a port town of Virginia, and the capital of Aiigtifta co. It is on the .*? E IJde of Middle R.. a wp.ter of Patow- mack, a little N of Maddilbn's Cave. It contains ;.l-;'.ut 160 houfes, moftly built of Aone, a court hoiife and g.nol. It is 9.^ miles from tl>e Sweet Springs, 100 S W b"!r S of Winchefter, 116 W N W of Ricii- mond,and 177 from Wafliington. Stcmttmi, one of the principal b.'anchtfs of Roanoke II. I: rifcs on tfie weftcrn fide of the blue ridge, and there has the name of Roanoke ; but as foon a* i|E pafies through the ridge, it takes the name of Staimton, which it preferves to its con- fluence with Dan, and there reftlme^ the name Roanoke Staunton and Dan arc very nearly of the fame fize where they uiyte. It might be made navigable fffr 100 miles from its mouth. The ftream* it receives are Smith's rivers, Goofe creek, BigandLittleOttr Big and Little Fulling Cub creek, I^ittle Roanoke and Banifler. .V/d«/J<',/o»/,juft above the falls of Nia- gara, and 8 miles above Queens Town. iS^ Clair Lale, is fmallin comparifont to either Ontario or Erie, and fliallow throughout ; it receives the waters of L Superior, Michigan, and Huron, by a long channel from N to S called river St. Clair ; it aifo receives the waters of the Thame* which fall into the lake on the S E fide. About the mouth of this river are large ei- tenfive meadows, or marfhes, which, with the exception of imall tradte of wood land on the banks of tb« riVfcr, and a few woody iflanda, extend about 13 miles iip the country, and about 4 or 5 miles id depth, afTurding hay fufficient for a nu* merousfettlemeut, and abundance to fpate For fituation, &c. See Cliir, Su Steadmans Crtsi, in the Itate of N. York. The main fork of this creek empties in- to Niagara R. above Fort Schlofier. Stiff Jiocii, a curious ledge of perpen- dicular fhelly rocks, which form the W bank of Hudfon's R. with fome interrupt tions, for 14 or 13 miles from the Tap« pan Sea, to within 1 1 miles of N. York city. Some of tkefe ledje* are from 150 STE ST^l to iOo feet high. As you p^»down the . river from the Tappan Sea, by thefe rocks, th« proipect on every fide is enchanting. On the N the Tappau Sea, a fine broad bay opens tu view, Ikirtcd with high hills ; .on the S the river lies under tite eye as far as it dininguiflies objetSb ; on the W are the Steep Rocks, before defcribed ; . and on the E a fine cuhivated country. litif/jfitt, a cape, S W of Cape Denbigh, un the N W coafl of N. America, and is at tlie S £ pait of Norton Sound. Stuart's liland is oppoiite to it. N lat. 63 33, W ion. i6z i<). Between this and Shoai Ncfs is ihoal water. Stefibens, a fhort rivet of Vermont, which empties into Coonetf^icut river, /rom the N W, in the town of Bamet. SuplnHj, St. a partlh uf CharleAon dif- tric'V, S. Carolina- Sterling, a plantation in Kennebec ca Maine ; N W of Halloweil, and at no great diftance. It contained 266 in^, Philadet- puia to Staunton. It contains 40 or jo lioufes, and an academy. The inhabit- iints are moflly of Dutch extradtion. It is zo miles N by B of Straiburg, 87 N £ by N of Staunton, 45 S W by S of WiUiamt port, and 90 from Wafliington. StevenUnviiy Wefl Chefter co. N. York, it bounded W by York Town, and N by Dutcliefsco. It contains 1578 inhabitants. 5/<^i(ra/0t«)i,a townfltip of good land in N. York, in Renflielaer co. between Leba- non and Scoodack. It is about 14 miles f(|iure,and lies 10 miles £ of Albany. The timber on the low land ie pine, hemlock, beech, birch, afli, maple. On the hills, pine, hemlock, black and white oak, wal- nut and poplar. I has 4968 inhabitants. Stewart' t JflanJi,in the S. Pacific Ocean, a duller of 5 iflands discovered by Capt. Hunter in 1791, and fo named in honor of Admiral Keith Stewart. S lat. 8 a6, W loo. 163 18. 8tey Point, on the Latwadof fioaft, and N Atlantic Ocean. N lat. 58, W Ion. 61 40i> S*iU Water, a townfhip of N. York, Sar* atoga CO. bounded E by Hudfon Rivet. It contains 9872 inhabitants. The village of StiU iVatir is on the W bank of Hud- fon's river, it miles from Saratoga, A5 N of Albany and il from Ballftown Springs. A canal is began at this place to lead the water of the Hudfon to the mouth of the Mohawk, 14 miles below. Stinting JJlands, on the eaft coaft of Newfoundland Ifland. N lat. 40 a8, W Ion. 5» 5a Stiffic Mountain, lies between Connec- ticut and Hudfon river, and near it the Mahikander Indians formerly refided. Si, Mii'yt, the FulU of, is fituated be- tmeen 8T0 StO ttvrcn Lake Superior and I^ake Huron, U. Canada, or more AriilUy fpcaking, in the narrows between Lake Superior and Lake George, a little above the mouth of Beaver river ; on the S fide of the faUs, flat bottomed veHels of 20 or 30 tons are frequently taken up and down. Smyth. Stockbrld^e, a towiifliip in Windfor co, Vermont, on white river, aiul coutaint 432 inhabitants, StociiriJget a port town of Maflachu- fetts, Berklhire CO. 44 miles W by N of Springfield, 141 W of Bofton, 249 N £ of Pliiladt'lpliia, and 25 £ by S of Kindcr- liook, in N. York. The townfliip is the chief of the county ; vvai incorporated in 1739, and coat: ins 1261 inhabitants. StoMrUge, Ne-iv,9i tf.'iifl of land 6 miles fquaie, lying in the S E part of tlie One- ida Refcrvation, in the State of N. York, inhabited by the Indians, 300 in numbir, v'ho, fome years ftnce, removed from Stockbi'idge, MalfachuftttA, and from this circumftnnce are called the Stocibridsre In- iiiut. This tra«^ was given to thcie In- dians by the Oueidas, as an inducement to fettle in their nei^jjhbourhood ; and is 7 miles S £ of Kahnonwoluhale, the prin- cipal village of the Oneidas. Thcfe In- dians are under Jie paftoral care of a mif- Itonary, the Rev. Mr. Sarjcaot, whofe pi-' ous labours have been attended with con- Ijderable fuccefs* They are generally in- duftrious, cfpccially the women, and cm- ploy themfelves in agriculture, and breed- ing cattle and fwiue. Their farms are generally enclofed with pretty good fences, and under tolerable cultivation. In the f^ll of 1 7964 almofl every family fowcd wheat; and there was a finale inftance this year, of one of the Indian women, named EJlLer, who wove 16 yards of wool- len cloth ; who is here mentioned as an example of induftry, and as having led the way to improvements of this kind. There is but little doubt but her exam- ple will be f llowcd by other;;, 'i'hcir dividend of moneys from the United States, amounting to about 3C0 dollars, has hitherto been expended in eretfling a faw mill, and fupportiug an Engliili fchool. Stoci Creek, 9 branch of Pelefon river. Sec Wajbington County, Virginia. StoeJ^ort, a village'in Northampton co. Pennfylvania, on the W fide of the Popax- tunk branch of Delaware river. From thii place is a portage of about i3 miles to Harmony, on the £ branch of the riv- er Sufquehaanali. SteJdarJ, a townfliip of N. Hampfliirff, Chcdiire co. about 15 or 18 miles £ of' Walpolc on Connc*flicut river. It \va» incorporated ia 17 74, and contains 1148 inhabitants. Stodbart Bay, near the pJ W po'nt of the ifland of Jamaica, is to the £ of San- dy Bay, and between it and Lucea har- bour. Stoh, a townfliip in L. Canada, having; St. Francis river on the S and S W. It ii N of Afcot, adjoining, and has about 30 itUiabitants, Stokes, a count/ of Salifburyd!(lrit3:,N. Carolina : bounjcd E by Rockingham, and W by Surry, and contains 10,516 in- habitants, including 1359 Haves. Ir.ia ore M ft>und here in conQderable (ju.uiti- ties.and works have been ereiS^ed on Iron Creek, which m.Mufadture conflderabiti •jimititiea. Chii.i' town, Gerniantown. Stakes, ilic .;tiief town of Montgomery CO. N. Carolina, near Yadkin river. Ic Contains a court houfc, gaol, and about »o lioufts. Stune Arabia, a Village and fine tradlof country fo called, in Montgomery co.N. York, on the N fide of Moiiawk river, be- tween 50 and 60 miles W of Albany. This fettkment was begun by fome Ger- mans in 1709. The land from the river rifes on a beautiful and gradual afccnt for 4 miles, and the principal fkttlenuat is 011 a wide fpresding hill. The foil is excel-* lent, and the peoj^lc induftriousaud thriv« iug. It fufTtrcd much from the Indians in the liite war, peculiarly in 1780. It has a Dutch church and an academy. Stoneham, a townflkip of MafTachufettSi Middlefex co, which was incorporated in 1725, and contains 380 inhabitants ; id mi! js N of Bofton. Stona Indians, inhabit S of Fire Fort, oo Afl'encbayne river. Stone Mountain, betwccnthc ftatcs of Tencflte and Virginia. The Virginia line interfc»fls it in lat. 36 30 N, from thence to the place where Watauga river breaks through it. Sec Teuefee. Stone Jjland, on the E coaft of Newfound- land, is near Cape Broyle, and is one of the 3 iflands, Ti>hich lie oS Caplin Bay. Stoms, is a hoatable water of Tenefiee, which runs N W into Cumbeilaud river, 6 miles N E of Nafliville. Stones Fort Gut, on the S W fide of the iflnnd of St. Chriflopher's.; caftward of Old Road Bay, and between that snd Bloody Point. There is a fort on a point of land, on the V« HUc. mM sto tfTFC Slonty Creei, a (mall (Iream running in- to Lake Eric, E of Sangas creek, U. CaO' ada ; it is a harbour tor boats, having about %i feet water above the bar. Smytb. Stoney Hill, in Baltimore ro. Maryland, i* 5 or 6 miles N W of Whetflonc Fort, Ht the mouth of Baltimore harbour, and' a miles S E of Hooks Town. Stoney Point, in Orange CO. N. York, a fniall peninfula, projei^ing in a coufider- al>le biufFfrom the W bank of Hudfon's river into Haverftraw bay : about 40 miles N of N. York city, juft at the fourh- • rn entrance of the high lands. The liriive Gen. Wayne diflinguiflied himfelf iu taking this fortrefs by florm. Stonei Mountaint, in the N W part of N. America, exteml from S to N. aid in a N W dirc found here of an excellent quality, and there is a rolling and Hitting mill, which manufaiShire confiderable quantities of fteel and iron. Great quantities of char- coal, bafkets and brooms, are fent thence to Bofton. Early in the war a large quan- tity of gunpowder, of an excellent quality, was made in this town, for the American army, from fah petre, the produce of the towns in its vicinity. Stoiv, a towndiip of Ma(rachufetts,Mid' dlefex CO. incorporated in 168.^, and con- tains S90 inhabitants, 36 miles N W of BoHon. Stovf, a townfliip of Vermont, Chitten- den CO. about 25 or 30 mile» E of Burling- ton, has 316 inhabitants. Stoioe Creek, one of the 7 townfliips into which Cumberland co. in N. Jerfey, is di- vided. Strabane, two townfliips of Pennfylva- nia ; the one in York co. the other in that of Wafliington. Strafford, a townfliip in Orange co. Ver- mont, W of Thetfofd, adjoining, having i6<2 inhabitants. Strafford, a county of N. Hampfliire, bounded N and N W by Grafton, S E by Rockingham, and £ by Maine. It con- tains 35 townfhips, almofl wholly agricul- tural, and has no fea port. I'he branches of the Pifcataqua and Merrimack, and other flreains water this county ; befule the lakes Winnipifeogce and OlGpee. It contains .1 2,614 inhabitants. Chief town* Dover and Durham. Straiti of Beering, or Bbering, feparatf I the N W part of N. America from the N 1 £ coafl of Alia. Beering's Illand lies m \ iat. ss N, and Ion. 164 35 E. Hu'ifiur^, a poft town •i Virginia, She- Bauuuiiii I STR sue «:indoah co. on the N W branch of the N fork of Shenandoah river, and contain! n handfome German Lutheran church, nnd 60 or 70 houfes. It is 77 miles N E by Nof Staunton, 18 S S W of Winchef- ter, 310 S W of Philadelphia, and 100 from Wafliington. Strajburg, a town of Lancafter co. Penn- fylvania ; fituated on an eminence, and in the centre of a fertile and well cultivat- ed country, and contains about 60 houfes, feveral of which are built of brick. It is 8 miles E of Lancafber, 58 W of Philadel- phia, and 114 from Wa(hington, and has 9411 inhabitants. Strajburg, a fettlement in Kentucky, near tne Bullit Lick. Stratford, a tnwnfliip in Grafton co. N. Hampfliire, on the E bank of Connedti- cut river, between Cockburn N, and Northumberland at the mouth of the Upper Amonoofuck on the S. It was incorporated in 1773, and contains a8i inhabitants. It is 58 miles above Hanover. Stratford, a pleafant pod town of Con- nedlicut, in Fairfield co. on the W fide of Stratford river, which contains % places for public worfliip, feveral neat and com- modious houfes, and 3650 inhabitants. It is 14 miles S W of N. Haven, ao N £ of Norivalk, and 318 from Wafliington. The townfliip of Stratford, the Cupbeag of the Indians was fettled in 1638, prin- cipally from MaflTachufetts. Stratford River. See Houfattnie. Stratbam, a townfliip of N. Hampfliire ; Rockingham CO. Incorporated in 1693, and contains 890 inhabitants. It lies on the rnad from Portfmouth to Exeter $ 10 mile3Woftheformer,and4£of the latter. Stratton, a townfliip of Vermont, Wind- ham CO. about 15 miles N £ of Benning- ton, having 471 inhabitants. Straivberry Gap, a pafs in the moun- tains on the road from Philadelphia to Lancader ; 41 miles W of the former, and 16 S £ of the latter. Strawberry River, faHs into Lake Onta- rio ; and is thus named from the great quantity of large fruit of that name grow- ing on its bank. St. Regis, a confiJerable Indian village on the S fliore of the St. Lawrence, oppo- fitc Petite Ifle, Sf. Regis. .> St, Regit, Grande IjU, in the river St. Lawrence, U. Canada, and in front of the townfliip. of Cornwall, contains froAi 800 to loco acres ; the foil it good ; and the -Indians have corn fields there. St. Regie, Petite I/le,'m the river St. Law- rence, U. Canada, and in front of the St. Regis Indians land ; the foil is good, and the Indians hive corn fields there, the fame as on Grande Ifle St. Regis, which is near to it. SmjlL Stroudj, a ftage on the new road from Lexington in Kentucky, to Virginia, 17 miles N £ of Lexington. StroudJbHrz, a pod town in Wayne co. Pennfylvania,aa8 miles fromWafliingtont Strong, a townfliip in Kennebeck co. Maine, on the W fide of Kennebeck riv- er, formerly called No. 3 or RecdftowiH alxmt 40 miles N W of Augufta. Stroudwaler, See Cafeo Bay. Stuart' t IJland, on the N W coaft of N, America, is about 6 or 7 It-agues in circuit, about 17 leagues from Cape Denbigh oa the continent. N lat. 63 IS' Stuart, a town in Grafton ca N. Haaip- fliire, on the £ bank of Connedticut riv- er, has Colebrook on the S, and a tradt of 2000 acres, on the N, belonging to Dartmouth college. It has 99 inhabitantsi. Stumfioiou, a fmall town of Pennfylva- nia, Dauphin co. on a branch of Little Swatara. It contains about 20 houfes, and a German Lutheran and Calvinift church united, tt is 24 miles E N E of Harrifll>urg, and 89 N W by W of Phila- delphia. Sturbridge, a townfliip in the S W cor- ner of Worcefter co. Mafi'achu Furd, Saeilitig Cape, on the N W part of N. America ; off which, and to the N £ (Rd ef Kaye'« Ifland, it a muddy bottom with from 43 to »7 fathoms water. The S W point of Kayc's Ifl^ndis in lat.59 49 ^1 •ud Ion. 143 2 W. SuJiury, a CO. of N. Brunfwieli, on the Vf fide of St. John's river, towardi it* mouth. Sudiury^ or SaSuty, a townihip of Ver* mont, in Rutland co. having Orwell on the W. It contains 5*1 inhabitants. Sudbury, Eaft, a townfliip of Maflachu- fetts, Middlefex co. on the po(l road 19 iniles W of Bodon. It was incorporat- ed in I78o,ar.d contains 835 inhabitants. Siniiury, ffe/t, or Sudbuty, a townfliip W of £. Sudbury, and 25 miles W of Bol.. ton. It wan incorporated in 1639, and contains 1303 inhabitants. Sudiury Canada, in York CO. Maine, is on the S fide of Androfcoggin river, and g of Andovcr. In 1796, it was ereifled into a townfliip called Bethel, and ha« two piriOies. Sue, Lj, a powerful nition of Indians inhabiting wedward of Lake Superior, and the MilBfippi. Warriors 10,000. Sjier, Fort le, in Louifiana, it on the W bank of the Miffifippi, and £ of Fort I/Huillier, on St. Peter's river. Suet, a fioiirilhing village in the town of Dennis, co. of Baniftablo, bordering on Harwich, containing 36 dwelling houfes. Belonging to this village are 5 fai| of fi(h- x'rmen, and 24 fait works, which yield an- nually upwards of 600 bufhcis of marine (alt, hePide %700 lbs. of Glauber .''alt. SitfJieU, a pleafant poft town of Connec- ticut, Hartford it^. having a handfome church and fome rrfpcdbable dwelling houfci. It is on the W bank of Connec- ticut river on the great port: road from Bu/ettt and Boflau, SuffoH, a CO. of N. York, Long Idand, is about 100 miles long, and 10 broad, and comprehends all that part of the Hate bounded eafterly and foutherly by the Atlantic Ocean, northerly by the Sound, and wcAerly by Lloyd's Neck, or Queen's Village, Cold Spring harbour and the £ boundt of the townfliip of Oyttcr Bay ; the line continued S to the Atlantic Oceaa, inciudinc the Ifle of Wight, now called Qitrdncr's Ifland, Shelter Mand, Plumb lllandt, Robin's Illand, and the Gull Ifl- and^. Filher'i Idand alfo belongs to it. It contains 19,464 inhabitants. There are 9 townfliips. SuHTolk co. court houfe, is 15 miles from Southampton, ij from Sagg Harbour, and 80 from N. York city, . Here is a pod office. Suffolk, a pod town of Virginia, in Naulemona |co. on the £ fide of the river Nanfemoud. It cpptains a court houle, gaol, and about 40 huufes. The river is thus far navigable for vefl'els of ajo tons, ft is 28 miles W by S of PortfmOuth, 83 E S E of Peterfliurg, |io S E of Riehmond, 386 from Philadelphia, and 240 from Wafliington. Sitffdi, a pod town in Suflez co. Virgin- ia, 185 nnlcs from Wafhington. Suffrage, a townfliip of N. York, in Ot« fego CO. on the N fide of Sufquehannah R. taken from Unadilla, and incorporated in 1796. The name has been fince changed. Sugar Creek, or Cafart Greet, a confider- able branch of Little Miami river. Sugar Hill, ^ ragged eminence, the top of which overlooks and commands the whole works of Ticonderoga, where the waters of Lake George empty into Lake Champlain, and oppofite tort Independ- ence, in the date of Vermont. Gen. Bur- goyne made a lodgement on \hu hill, which the Americans edeemed inaccefii' ble ; and thus forced Gen. St. Clair to abandon the fort in June, 1777. Sugarlaaf Hill, a fmall natural landmark, OR tb« N fltori^ of Lake £rie». between SUM SUN rer- e, the top mands the where the into Lake Independ' Gen. Bur- ^hU hilli inacceOi' Clair to lacdmatk, 1^ between Ahtuo,and the Graod rlvcr,on tliehound- fjcy between the tuwiUliips ut Humlicrf- tone and Waiiitleet. Hwytb, Sugar River, in Che(hirc CO. N. Hamp- fliire, rifes in Sunapce Iake> a pod (>(Rca. SuJlivan't IJland, one of the three iflands wliich form tlie N part of Charleitun har- liour, in S. Carolina. It is about 7 miles S £ of Cbarledon. Sulphur Creel, Liltlf, one of the fouth- ern upper branches of Green river in Kentucky ; and lies S W of another branch called Bryant's Lick creek. Near tttis is a fulphur t'pring. • ■Sulfbur Ifiandt, See Majrgaret's Ifei. Sulphur Mountain, a noted mountain in the ifland of Guadaluupe, famous for ex- hahitions of fulphur, and eruptions of «^ies. Oo the £ fide are a mouths of an enormous fulphur pit ; one of thefe mouths is 100 feet ip diameter ; the depth is unknown. Sutnanji/lown, a village of Pennfylvania, Montgomery co. 33 miles N W by N of PiiilBdelphia. Sumner, a town in Cumberland co. Maine, bounded by Hartford B and Paris W. The wtfterly branch of Twenty miki Stream tuna through this town. Incor- porated in 1798. Sumntr, a county of TcnelTde, in Mero diftrifSt It is bounded N by Kentucky, lands by tUe Indian landsi W by Da- vitlfcn CO. It is wntered by Cumbcr- !aiid river. It is very Icrtile, and has a Ptclbytciian, a Laptid and a methodift cluirclics. According to the ceul'us, ic contains 461^) inhabitants. SuMj'iier, a diOridt of S. Carolina, con- taining 13,10,} inhabitants, 6563 being Haves. See A'. Carolinj, Sumpterfv fite Northumberland, about a mile higli- er, is ;^ths of a mile. It is about 76 miles above Reading, xso N W of Philadel- phia. Sunlury,a, port of entry and pofl: town of Georgia, beautifully fituated in Liber* ty CO. at the head of St. Catherine's Sound, on the main, between Medway and Newport rivers, about 15 miles S of Great Ogcechc river. The town and harbour are defended from the fury of the lea by the N and S points of St. Hele- na and St. Catherine's Iflands ; between is the bar and entrance into the Sound ; the harbour is capacious and fafe, and has water enough for fliips of great bur- den. It is a very pleafant healthy town, and is the refort of the planters from the adjacent country, during the ficklj^ months. It WAS burnt during the hitp war, hut has fince been rebuilt. Aq academy was eftabliflied here in 1788, which has been under an able in(lru<9:ort and proved a very uf«ful inditution. It f» SUP SUR n 40inilM S ofSavitnnah, 974 Trom Ph!- taclelphi.'t, iiiid ftyo trom Wailiington. fiuncooi, York CO. Maine, now Lovell. Suntferlnnd, a townOiip of Vermont, ' Bennington c«. 16 miles N E of Benning- ton, and contains 557 inhabitants. A Jean mine has been dJfcovered in this lownfhip. tiimderl.mtf, a towfifliipof MalTachufctts, in Hainplhire co. on the E fide of Con- necticut river, about 10 mile* N of Had- ley and loo W of Boftoti. There is here a nandfome Congregatioaat church, aftd 70 or 80 hvufes, lying chiefly on one 4lreet. It was incorporated ia 1718, and contains Si7 inhabitants. Su/>aj Una, or Devil's HHi, a remarka- ble eminence in <2uito, in Peru, between the vallies of Chugui pata, and thofe of Paute. It has its name from a fabulous Aory of enchantment, propagated by a fuperditious Spaniard. It is thought to contain rich mines. Suj>triar,/jait, formerly termed the Up- per Lake, from its northern fituation. It inay juftly he termed the Cafpian Sea of America, and is Aippofed to be the largeft body of frefl\ water on the globe. Ac- cording' to the French charts it is 1,500 -miles in circumference. According to Mackeneie its greatcd breadth is 1 aomiles, and its circumference, including the bays, but 1 200. A great part of the coaft is bounded by rocks «n mile widtt the largeft r veffels 60 ank», quite vered with hich render . The en- 1 % redoubts, At 6 miles to it, and 011 two river* Surinam is W. The idia Fort. jajSaliftury », and W by ibitants,in- [oravian fet- thi» county, forge, which e Ararat or itles N W of every curi- Jie State. It of 60 or 70 ntry below. ilot, by the a beacon, to lorthem and iching it. * 'orkmanfliipi From i» [es in eafy af- mile high, to ic area of an [dden, a vaft ftupendous 8US (lupendous rock, hitving the app-.>:iranre •t a large calkle,- with itst bitllfnient:ilachi;iu luouiUuiiis, on the N, and a witlo, extciulcd level country below, on the >S ; while the (IrcanMof the Yadlcin and Diin, on the rijjht iind U-lt h.tnd, are dilcuverL^J at fevtral i ilives. At the court houfe there is a pod olHce. Siiiry, a townfhip of N. Hampfhire, in Chefliire co. containing 569 inhabitants, It lies £ of Walpole, adjoinng, and was incorporated in 1769. Surry, a town in Hancock co. Maine, on the W bank of Union river, at its mouth, about ao miles N £ of Cuftine. Sufquebannab Rher, rifei in Lake U(la> vanthe, in the State of N. York, and runs ni fucli a ferpentine courfe that . it croil'es the boundary line between the States of Pennfylvania and N. York, three times. It receives the Tyoga river in N lat. 41 57. Afterwards it proceeds S £ to Wyoming, without any obftruAion by falls, and then 8 W over Wyoming falls, till, at Sunbury, in lat. 41 it meets the W branch of Suf- quehannah, which is navigable 90 miles from its mouth. From Sunbury the riv- er is pafTablcwith boats to Harriiburg and Middleton, on the Swatara. About 15 miles above Harr!fburg it receives the Juniatta, from the north welt, pro« ceeding from the Alleghany mountains and flowing through a broken country. Hence it takes its courfe about S £, until it falls into the head of Chefapeak Bay, )uft below Havre de Grace. It is more than a mile wide at its mouth, and naviga- ble only 30 miles, the navigation being ob- IlruiSed beyond thnt by the Rapids. The inland navigation between Schuylkill and Kufquebannah, will bring by water to Philadelphia, the trade of a mofl fertile country of about 1000 miles fquare, or 6^)00,000 acres uf land. t[ this can be accompli£hed,an inland navigation may be caily okaAc t« tite QUisond to Lake Erie, \ S M g' which WiUiKl at once open a comm"«n|v crition with above aooo mile* extent ut wcllern country, viz. with all the };re:i'? lakes together with the countrie-; whiclr lie on the waters of IVlilIilippi, Milliiuri, and all their liranches The water com- munication between Schuylkill and .Suf-' quchaunah, which is the foul of all this, will he about 60 miles, as the naviRatij)!!' nnilt g(S althmii;h the diftance on a line i» «)nly 40 miles. This track is cut by twi> creeks, the ^uit.ipuhilla and theTulpeho- kRi. 'I'hel'e two crc«?ks lead within 4 miles of each otiier ; ilic lovcl of tlirir head waters i» iieariv llie tame, aiul ihe fp»Le between them makes tlie litijiht of land, or, a-i it is ct)mm is nearly on a plain, and the txirtom uf the can.tl, through which the navigation midt pals, will no where rife more than 30 feet above the level of the htr.d w.ttcri of the two creeks above mentioned, nfir fo much as aoo feet above the level of the waters of Sulquehannah or Skuylkill. 'I'hc Company inditutcd the a9th of Sept. 1 791, has a capital of 1000 lliarcs at 40m doll.irseach. payable at fuch lime as the Company flvill dircil. Tl'c work is al- ready ill forwardnefs. Coid of an excel- lent quality is found on feveral parts of this river, particularly at Wyoming. Siijfex, the north wefternmoft co. of N. Jerfey. It is mountainous and healthy, and has feveral iron mines ; and works have been erci5fed for the manufatSlure of bar and pig iron. It produces excellent crops of wheat ; and in no part of the State are greater herds of cattle. The produce is floated down the Delaware is boats and rafts. Here are 5 Prefbyteri- an churches, a for Anahaptifls, i for Ger- man Lutherans, and i for Quakers. It contains 11 townfhips ; the chief of which are Newton, Greenwich, Hardyf- ton, Knowltovni, and Oxford. The pop- ulation is 32,534, including 514 flaves. It is hounded N £ by the State of N. York, N W by Delaware river, which feparatet it from Northampton co. in Pennfylvania, and S £ and S by Morris and Hunterdon counties. Pauhn's Kill is here navigable for fmall craft 15 miles. The Mufconet- cony, which divides the county frona Hunterdon, is capable of beneficial im- provements, as is tlie Pequeft of Pequafet, between the abovementioned rivers. The court houre in this county is 13 miles S W of Hamburg ; 38 N £ of £aflon, ia Pennfylvania ; 41 S W of Gofhen, in N. ^otk ; uid i3i N by K cf Philadelphia. I 1; SWA SWE *th» vWh'j* at thi» pUoc in cillt'd Uetftan. •S'.^tr, u county of Viri^iiiiii, bouiiUud N li liy Surry, and S W l>y Uuiwiddit. It cuntaiii* J074 free inlMbiutttt, iuid SJ^ii flikVCB. jiu^x, a nuritime county of Delaware State, bounded W and S liy the State of Maryland, N C by Delaware Biy, E by tli*e Atlantic Ocean, and N by Kent ro. It contains 19,358 inliabitants, includin\4, G'jor^etowa Huiijur/anui Cieii, U. Canada, runs info lako St. l'"ranci<,betwot'n I'ointe an Bodct and Polntc Mouillce in the townfliip oi Lancaflor. Smvtk Si.Uo/i, a townfliip of N. Haniplhire, Ill'.lfboroui^ii CO. coiitaininjr 878i.ihabit- ants. It WM tirfl call d I'cri yflown.aud Wa» incorporatctl in 1784. Siitijti, a townfliip in Wonertur co. Maflachufettii. 46 niilea W S \V of Kof- lon, and 10 lu'Ies S by E of Worcefler. It tras incorporated in 1 718, and containn 45.^0 inhabitants. Plere arc 10 gr^ft mills, 6 law mills, 3 fulling mills, a paper tnill, an oil mill, and 7 trip hammers. There .ire 5 icythe and axe makers, one hoe mikcr,fcvcral who work at nail ma- king, and 6 works for making pot nlh. Here are found ginfcng ,-ind the cohuHt root. The cavern, commonly called J'ur- gtilory, in the foiith eallern part of the town, i« a natural curiofity. Bodies of ice are found here in June, although the defcciu is to the fouth. Sioullow JJlanJ, in the PaciHc Ocean, S lat. 10, E Ion. from Paris, 162 30; dif- covered liy Roggewins, 1721. Sivampot,OT Great River, to tion was deftroyed by an earth- quake in 1751, whtehWBsr « leagues dif-' tant. 'J'he town ftands on the river Bio- bio, and contains ie,GOO inhabitants. Here is the Epifcopal cathedral', the feat of the Biihopi and all the religious hotifex.' The government of the didri(Sfc has been wholly military and cccleriaftiostl. The cbuiKry round is remarkaMy healthy and fertile; yielding 60 f«kl. Vaft numbers of cattle aVe annually killed for their hides and tallow, which are fcnt to Lima. A- bout zoo,oco dollars worth of gold is an- nually coUeffled frogi the funds of the rivers in this biflioprick. The Indians of this i«puntry have nuoicrouaJKrdt of cat- tle, and plenty of horfts, and live m^re like the 'I'artars bf Afia.'thanthehivages of N. America. See ConuhtioH. Tailed Point, a Ttidivk for anchoring in the harbour of Port Royal, on the S cu, of Magdaltna river, and carries on a trade on tliat river f^om New Granada to Car- rhagensi, from whence it it didant above I jo miles. Tamar, Ca/ie, is the N VT point of a large bay and harbour oq the N fliore of the Straits of Magellan, within the cape. The S £ point of the bay is named Prov- idence. S lat. 51 Jl, W loo. 75 40. Taaarika, an ifland on the coaft of Bra- zil, about 34 utiles in length, % miles Nof Pornovello, and has a harbour and good frefh water. S lat. 7 56, W Ion. 35 5. Tamatamjue, called by the Spaniard!^, yUia t/e lilt Fulmat, a to«rn of Santa Mar- tha, in. Terra Finna, S. America ; on the E bank of Santa Martha civer, ibout l8 miles above TeneriSe. Tamio Land, on the COktk of Peru, ex- tends about 9 miles from Cape Reniate to Playa de los Perdriees, or the Partridge Strand, about 9 miles. There is clear and good anchorage iipon this drand, un- der a row of high, ridgy, and fandy bills. On making them from the fea, they re- femble a covey of partridges jud riling ; hence the naihe of the coad. Tamm.my's, St. a village on Dan river, in Virginia, 15 miles from Gill's Bridge, 7 from Mecklenburg, court houfe, 42 from Halifax court houU, in N> Carolina, 398 from TAP TAR from Philadelphia, and 336 from Wifli- iiijjtun. Here is a po(V office. Tammany, Fort St. Of St. Mary's, at the mouth of St. Mary*« river, on the S line of Georgia. SecSt.,Mary^i. Tammatd Piifba,' a low ifland of the N Pacific Qceaiiji'Iald to be near the Sand- wich Iflands. ' Tampu IJaniy ocie. of the fiiiall iilets wliich form pArt of the reef on the E fide of Ulietea I. one of the Society Illandi. Tampa. See S^iriiu Saato. TdMTv^r/i, a tow0flup in th;- northern part ofStrafTord td, ii. HampOiire. It contains JsJ inhahitiittt. Tantuiity Bay, on the coaft of Brazil, hai a good road, flieltered by the faad* that lie oflT within 3 miles of the fhore, between Point Negro and Point I^uena. Taaeytown, a fmall jjoft town of Mary- land, in Frederick co. between Piney kim and Pine Creek, on which are a number of mills and fome iron works. It lies 37 iniles N^ by E of Frederickftown, and 71 froin Wadiirtgton. Tancla, or Tonela, a tradl: of (hore oil the W coaft of Mexico, on the N. Pacific Ocean, conxmencing near the Sugar Loaf H>ll> about 16 miles within the land, bearing N £ and S W with the burning mountain of Ijacatccolula about 18 mites up the river Limpa. Tangola, an ifland in the N. Pa(!if3c O- cean, and on the W coaft of N. Mexico ; affording good anchorage and plenty of wood and water. It is about 60 miles W of Guatiniala. T.iHguey, or Tonpuey, on the coaft of Chili, IP. the S. Paciiic Ocean, in 30 miles from Limari, and in lat. 30 30 N. Tan/a, a braach of the river Mobile, 3 IcHgues below the Alabama branch. T pf Tarborough. Recording tp the report of a committee, appointed by the legidar ture of N. Carolina, tp inquire into f he pradlicability of improving the inlancj Navigation of the State, it is fuppofedthat this river, an^ Fifhy Creek, a branch of it, may be ma^e iiaviga|>le 40 miles al^ve Tarborough. Tarfaultn Cove, OP the coaft of MafTa- chufetts, lies about 3 leagues N N W of Holmes's Hole, in Martha's yiueyard. It is high water here, at full and .change, % minutes after 10 o'clock , 5 fathoms water. TtirrytnvH, a coqfidcrable village {4 the tqwnfliip of Greenfburgh, N. yoxV, on the E bank of Hudfon's river, 30 miles N of N. York ?ity. poder a large tree, which is fhewn to travellers a» they pafs the river, is the l^ot where the unfortu- nate M.ijor Andre was taken ; yrho was afterwards executed at Tappan. tarfiovin. See livwi/burg, I»ennfylya- nia. Tarie't JlafiiJs, La, on the river Ohio, 40 miles above the mquth of ^he Great Kanhaway. Tatntageuehe, a place in Nova Scqti^, on a (hort bay which fets.up foutherly from the Straits of Northuml^erland; about ajr miles from Onflow*, and sr from the ifl- and of St. John's. See Southampton. It lias a very good road for vrfTcIs, and is knowif 4ifo under the names Tatamas<"f aitu. r - ' 'tai'naU, a new county in Georgia, talnam Cafit, the ealUrn point of Haye's river, ip Hudfob^s ^y. N lat. 5 7 35, W Ion. 91 30. . latoMtei, an inan4 ia the S. Pacific 0- c'can, one of the Tngraham lies, called by Capt. Ingraham,iV««il/i(i, and bv Captaiu Roberts, Btah. See Tngraham Jfl,s. 'taumatot an ifland about 1150 leagucf front Mexico, where de Q[uitos (tayed i o days. One of the natives named above (^o iflan^s round it. Some of the names follow, viz. Manicola, Chicayno, larger than 'Taiimacb, apd a^iout 300 miles from it ; Guatopo, ijp miles from Taumaco; 'I'ncopia, at 100, where the country of Manicola lay. The natives had, in gen- eral, lank hair j fonre were white, with red hair ; foroe inulattpes, with curled hair ; and fome woolly like negroes. De Quiros obferves that in the bay of Philip and Ji^mes, were many black Itones, very b^avy.fqmeof which he carried to Me:i:- ico, and upon aflUying theqi, they found 7(fiur/«i, a river which empties intQ Narraganfet Bay, at Tiverton, oppolite the N end of Rhode Ifiand. It is formed by fev<:ral Oreams ^hich rife in Plymouth ca Maflachufetts. Its courfe is about 50 miliw from N E to S W, and it is naviga- ble forfmall veflcls to Taunton.^ Taunton, a pod town of Mafia chufetts, Sind the capital of Bridol co. on the W fide of Taunton river, and contains 40 or 50 houfes, compadlly built, a church, court houfe, gaol, and an academy, which was iificor'po'rated in 1 791. It is 36 miles S hy fe of Boflon, ai E of Providence, a i N <-f Pcdfqrd, aqd 46Q from Wufliington. The townfliip pf Taunton was uken fron;i Raynham, and incorporated in i639« antl contain^ 3860 inhabitants. A flitting jnill was eietfted hjire iii 1 776, and for a cpnfiderabljp time the only one in MafTa- chufetts.and ^ -^ thefli the heft ever built in America. e annual produtflinn of 3 mills now in this' tcwnfhip is not lefs than Sooltons of iron ; a^ut jQtons are cut, and 30Q hammered into nails, and the remainder is wrought intp fpadcs and lliQVelr, flifwljich laft article 400 dozen lire rolled annually. Mr. Samuel Leon- ard rolled the firiH ftiovel ever done in A- merica. This invention reduces the price one half. Wire drawing, and rolling flieet iron for the tinmanufai^re are executed here. There is alfu a manufaAory of a fpecies of ochre, found here, into a pig- ment of a dark yellow colQUr. Ittuitti/i TEL TE h VauHtoH Bay, in M»inf , Ib 6 milet from Frenchman's Bay. Tavernier Key, a fmall ille one of the Tortiigas, a miles from the S W end of Key Largo, and j N £ of Old Matacombc. }4 pf this lad illand is a very good road. 'TaioaHdee Creel, in Northumberland co. PcDDrylvania, rnn* tl E into the £ branch of Sufquchannab, i% oulei S £ of Tioga Point. 7awas, an Indian tribe In (he ft^te of Ohio, 1 8 miles up the Miami of the liake. Anothir tribe of this name, inhabit high- er upthe fame river, at a place called the Rapids. Tatvtxtiwi, the Englijb, or Piejue Town, in the State of Ohio, is fituated on the N .W bank of the Great Miami, 35 miles below the 5 mile portage, to the Miami of the Lake, and 68 S W by S of Miami Fort, It was taken in I7J3, by the French. Nl3t. 4Q4i,'Wlon. 84 48. TazevieU, a po(t town in Clairbourne CO. Teneflee, 517 miles from Wafliington. Tazewell, a county in Virginia, 370 miles from Wafhington. Here is a pod olfice kept at the court houfe. Teaches, a fmall ifland clofe to the £ Hiore of Northampton co. Virginia, and N by E of Parramore Ifland. Tecnnntepec, a large bay on the W coaft of N. Mexico, on the S (ide of the Iflhmus from the bay or Gulf of Campeacby, in the S W part of the Gulf of Mexico ; and bounded W by Point Angelos. The port town of its name, lies in lat. 15 iS Ni and Ion. 96 15 W. Teeonie FalL, are in Kennebeck river, |8 Btilesabove theflowingof the tide,6j above the mouth of the river. In the courfe of 26 rods the water falls 20 feet over a rag- ged bed o*^ rock;, 400 feet in width. At the head of the f^l's an iHand of folid rock li^s its fummit, waiting to receive a bridge, which it is expf iSled will be f redled over the river in this place. Tebuaean, a city of N Spain, ^20 miles S £ of Mexico. Teky Stutid, on the coaft of Georgia, S pf Savannah river, is a capaciuUi roasl, where a large fleet may anchor i from xo to 14 (athoms water, and be land-lock- ed, and have a fafe entrance over the bar of the river. The flood tide is generally 7 feet. Ttliea, a burning mountain on the W coaft of N. Mexico, feen at N N E over the ridge of Tofta. It is one of the range Vf volcanoes wliich are feen along the •raft Inv^ Fort St. John's to T«fa»Bt^ ^ peck, and i« 18 mi!c« from Volcano rfel Vejo, or old Man's Burning Mountain \ and there are two others between tfitm, but not fo eafily dil'cerucd,as they do not often emit fmoke. TtllUo Block Hovfe, in TcnnefTee, cre«£l:"» ed in 1794, (lands on the N bank of Ten* neflee river, iramediate!y oppofife the t«^ mains of Furt Loudon ; and is computed to be 900 miles, according to the courfe of the river from its mouth, and J2 mil^ S^ KnoxviLe in Tcuucflee. In point i^f tmiation, it is much admired. A gentleman of great tafte and fcience, who had ft en much of Europe, and America general! yv exclaimed* upon casing his eye fiom it Rp the river, to the eaft, '* What a fccne fdr the exerciie of the geniits of a hmdiicape painter! " Upon this view you Heboid the Tenneflee for feveral miles delccnding from the foot of the mountains. At abuuc (ix miles the eye is intercepted by the Chilhowee mountain, extending from N E to S W ; and further to the E you be- hold mountain rifmg above raminrain to a great height, in fucuner clothed in rich, verdure, and in winter covered with fnow. To the S looking acrofs the river «n^ over looking the remains of Fort Loudon, is a very exteuiive plain, forming a very pleaftng contrad witn the mountains, in which are a number nf the Cherokee towns, at prefeiit inhabited, and the rt- mains of majy others, which have been dcftroycd by the white people fince the year 1776. To the W the eye is again delighted with a view, for mile.i.down the river, and the remaini of feveral large Indian towns. From the N comes Nineenile Creek, through a rich tiadb of country, and empties into the Tenneflee one hundred paces above the block houfe. As a military poft, it ha« been the comer ftone of the prefent peace with the Chcrokees, and creeks too, fo far as refpcdts this country; and as a trading poft, it will very mpch contribute to the prefervaiion of peace with thofe two nations. Telligue, Great, m Teneflee, was on the £ Ade pf the Cbot* branch of Teneflee river, about 25 miles N £ of the mouth of Holfton river, and 5 S of th- line which marked Lord Granville's limits of Caroll-. na. This was a Britifli faSory, eftablilTi. ed after the treaty of Weflminfler, }»» 17«9- TtUigwo MeuHtaht, lie 8 of the al)o\'e place, and (eeqi to )»e part of nbat are la it. 11 ^!l' m TEN TEN BOW called the Great Iron MountaiiM, in the lateft maps. funplt, a place in N^w Qaiicia, 200 kague* N W of the city of Mexica Temple, A towntTiip of N. Mampfliire, HlUibiirough co. N of New Ipfwich, and 70 miles W uf PortTmouth. Jt was incor- porated in i 768, and contains 867 inhab- lUtatt. . ttmple, a town in Kcnnebeck co on the W fido of the river, incorporated in 1803. Tempi* Bay, on the Labrador coa(l,lp> pofite Belle Ilie. A Britifli fettlement of tUis n^me was deftroyed by the French, ia Odkubcr, 1796. ■ TempletoHf a pod town in the N W part of Worccder co. Manaclmfetts, contain- ing X068 inhabitants. It was granted as a bounty to the foldicrs in king Philip's war, and was called Narraganfet No. 6, until its incorporation in 1763. It is 63 miles W bv N W of Bofton, 28 N by W of Worceuer, and 471 from Wafliington. Tend'i Ifland, in the S. Pacific Ocean, WM difcovered ia 1790, by Lieut. Ball, and lies is lat. 1 39 S, and Ion. 151 31 W. ^t is low, and only about % miles in circuit, but is entirely covered with trees, includ- ing many of the cocoa nut kind. It abnudds with inhabitant!^, and the men appear to be remarkably (lout and healthy. Tineriffe, a town uf Santa Martha and Terra Firma, in S. America, fituated on tlic eanern bank of the great river S^nta Martha, below its confluence with Mada- lena, about 135 miles from the city of San- ta Martha, towards the S, the road from y ' h capital to Tcnerifiie is very difficult ib>j . land, but one may go v^ry eaGly and agreealily from one to the other partly by fea, and partly by the abovementioned nver. Ttnnanft Harbtur, on the coaft of Maine, lies about 3 leagues from George's Iflands. Teifjee, the moft cottftderable Ridge of the Cumberland Mountain. It feparates the waters of the Tencflec and Cumber- land Rivers. In Come parts it rifes into abrupt hills, but ^ others it admits of good roads. Tenrjfee, a navigable river of the State of Tcneflce, called by the French Cherokee, and abfui dly by others, Hogohegee river, is the largeit branch of the Ohio. It rif- ts in the mountains of Virginia in about lat. 37, and purfues a courfe of about 1000 miles, S andS W nearly to lat. 34, receiving from both fides a number of large tributary ftream It then wheels abarut to the N in aciicultous courfe, and mingles with the Ohio, nearly 60 miles from its mouth. It 'u navigable for vef- fels of great burden to the Mufcle ShoiUt, 250 miles from its mouth. It is there about 3 miles broad, full of fmall ifle;, and only paflable in fmall boats or ba(- teaux. The navigation here may be niuch improved the bottom being loofe floses eaiily removed. From thefe (hoals to the lVl>irl,or Suci, the place where thie river is contra(fled to the breadth of 70 yards^ and breaks through the Great Ridge, or Ciiniberland Mountain, is 250 miles, and the navigation for large boats all the way excellent. Boats eafily afctnd the fFbirl being towed. The highcft point of nav- igation upon this river is Tellico Block Houfe, 900 miles froni its mouth accord- ing to its meanders. It receives Holfton river 22 miles below Knoxville, and then running W 15 miles, receives the Clinch. The other waters which empty into Ten- cfTee, are Duck and Elk rivers, and Crow Creek, on the one fide ; and the Occachap- po, Chickanuuga and HiwafTee rivers on the S and S £ fides. In the Teneflee and its upiier branches are great numbers of fifli, fome of \/hich are very large and of an excellent flavour. The river to which the name TenelTce was formerly confined, is that part of it which runs N, and re- ceives Hoi (Ion river 20 miles below Knox- ville. The Coyeta, Chota, and Chilha- wee Indian towns are on the W fide of the river ; and the TallalTe town on the Efide. Tfnncjie, onc of the United States of America, and, until i796,called the Tennef- fee Government, or Territory of the United Statet, South of the Ohio. It is in length 400 miles, and in breadth 104; between lat. 35 and 36 30 N, and Ion. 8z 28 and 91 38 W. It is boumded N by Kentucky and part of Virginia ; £ by N- Carolina ; S by the Miflifippi Terntory, W by the Mithfippi. It isdivided into 3 diftriiTts Wafhington, Hamilton, and Merp, VIZ. which are fubdivided into 22 counties, viz. Wafliington, !>ullivan, Gretnc, Carter, Hawkins, Knox, JefTerfon, Cocke, Sevier, Blount, Grainger, Auderfon, Claiborne, Roane, Davidlon, Sumner, Robertfon, Montgomery, Wiiliamfon, Wilfon, Smith, 1 and Jackfon. The firft j belong to Wafli- ington diflridl, the next 9 to that of Ha:n- ilton, and the 8 latter to Mero diftridl i The two former diHricfts are divided Irom the latter, by an uninhabited country of Dule* in extent ; that is, from th; I bloclc P9i TEN T EV iirfe, and 60 miles e for vef- :le Sboiiit, t is there mall ides s or bat- be much lofe ftuBe* oals to the thie rivpr 70 yards: Ridge, or milpB, and ill the way the trblrl int of nav- llico Block ith accord- res Holftoti B, and then thje Clinch. y into Ten- , and Crow 2 Occachap- ;e rivers on 'enelTee and numbers of large and of rer to which ly confined, N, andre- lelow Knox- ind Chilha- ieWfide of town on the block houfes, at the point formed by the junftion of the Clinch with the Tenacffec, called S. W. Point, to Fort Blounc upon Cumberland R. through which there i» a waggon road, opened in the fummer of 1795, and now kept inrcpairby a turnpike company. There arc few countries i"o well watered with rivets and creeks. The principal rivers are the Miflifippi, Tcn- nelTee, Cumberland, Hoilton, and Clinch. The tra>a caliird the broken Ground, itnds immmediartiy into the MifTifippi, the Wolf, Hatch^-e, Forked Deer, Obian or Obean, and Rtxifoot ; which are from 30 to 80 yards wide at their mouths; mo(t of the rivers have exceedingly rich low groundi, at the extremity of which is a itcond bank, as on moft of the lands of the Mifnfippi. Befidc thcfe rivers, there are fcvcral fmallei ones, and innumerable cfeeks, fome of whi^h arc navigabh-. In (hart, there is hardly al'pot in this couniry, v»liieh is more ihanao miles from anaviga- Meftream. Thcchicf mountains arc St9ne, Yellow, Iron, Bald, and Unaka, adjoirtint; \6 one another, from the eaftern boundary of the ft.itc, and fcparate it from N. Car- olina; their diretStion is nearly from N E to S W. The otiier mountains arc Clinch and Cumberland. It would require a vol- ume to defcribe the mountains of tliis l^late, above half of which is covered with tliore tfiat are uninhabitable. Some of thereniuantains,particularly the Cumber- land or Oreat Laurel Ridge, are the mod (lupendous piles in the United States. They abound with ginTcng and coal. Their caverns and cafcadcs are innumer- Me. The Enchanted Mountain, about 2 miles S of Brafs Town, is famed for the curiofities on its rocks. There are on feveral rocks a number of impreffions re- fembling the tracks of rurkies, bears, horfps, and human beings, as vifiblc and, pcrfe<^9^' In November, 1795, the number had increafed to 77,262 perfons. In 1800 there were 105,602 inhabitants, of whom 13,584 were flaves. Theibili* luxuriant, and will afford every produc tion, the growth of any of the United States. The ufual crop of cotton is Scclbs, to the acre, of a long and fine daple ; and of corn frixn 60 to 80, and fomethncs lod buflicls. It is alTertcd, however, that the lands on the IVnall rivers, that empty into the MiiTiIippi, have a decided preference to thofe on Cumberland river, fur the pro- duction of cotton, rice, and indigo. Of trees, the general growth is poplar, hick- cry, black and white watnut, all khids of oalu, buckeye, beech, fycamore, black and honey locuft, alh, hornbeam, elm, mni« berry, cherry, dogwood, faflafVas, poppaw^ cucumber tree, and the fngar tree. The undergrowth, efpecially on low lands, is cane ; fon^e cf which are upwards of -30 feet high, and fo thick as to prevent any other plaikt from growing. Of faerbt, roots, and dirubs, there are Virginia and Seneca fnakeroot, ginfeng, angelica, fpice wood, wild plum, crab apple, fweet anntfr« red bud, ginger, fpikcnard, wild hop and grape vines. The glade* are covered with vrild ,(. , %*tld TJ9, wild oatt, clover, buff!Uoe, grais, ftrawueaics and pea vines. On the hitlt at the head of rivcrt, and ia fame high cliffi of Cumberlaadt are found majeftic red cedars ; many uf th«fi> ar« 4 feet in f' mouth, an< <"7 town. "^efttifa. In A fequaJQ, or '. «>; in about 'ages. J?""^", IS lea a 1 tEQ ;h fulpUur Saltpetre i cuuri'cof ■ faltpctie ,etk. 'll>i» i)l« articUt raggon and leiig, deer quantities, fportcd by and flour titios, now [ilUfippi i» jitcd State*. ate, the N mounted ta ians are the iriilians; in ngregatJous, inly 6 roinif" Baptift* and » have paid soffcience; ire 3 CoUcgci le in Green's Wafliingtoa The college ig under the device Pref. re Is likewife ffeful Knowl- :e is daily in- chiefly emi- d that part of Blue Ridge. e were gener- )me of whom 1 from thence ans and Eu- 1788, it wai • perfonstoi on i» thouglit country waj i tung Charlci iTolina- li> * e a part of N. ;d about the jout. 50 fami- n after drlvea | ian». lt« fc'- 1765. '"'i Dolc place near upon Watau- 1 rft appearance I le public coun- 1 he convention I he year i7?^il ies, under the! ames Robcrt-I rtfon,of Mewl 4t[Ut> provided fdr hi government* A convention was held at Ruoxville, in 1 796, and on the 6th of Feb. the conftitu- tion of the State of TcnncfTec was fign- «d by cv S by Amazonia and Peru, and W by the N. Pacific Ocean. It is called Terra Firma from being the firft part of the continent difcovered by the Spaniards, and is divided into Terra Firma Proper, or Darien, Carthagena, St. Martha, Vene- zuela, Comana, Paria, New Granada, and Popayan. The chief towns are Porto Hello, Panama, Carthagena, and Popaynn. The principal bays of tliis province in the Pacific Ocean, are thole of Paoama and (M yi m. TER THA St. Mik-h»el, in the N. Sea, Porto B«llo, Sino, Ouiara, &c. The chief rivers are the Darien, Chagre, Santa Maria, Concep- tiofi, and Oronoke. The climate, efpec« ially in the northern parts, it extremely hot and fultry during the whole year. From the month of May, to the end of Nov. the feaTon called winter by the in- habitants, is almoft a continual fuccellion of thunder, rain and tempeds, the clouds precipitating the i>^in with fuch impetu* uiity, that the low lands exliibit the ap- pearance of an ocean. Great part of the country is confequently flooded ; and this, together with the exceflive heat, to in>> prcgnatcs the earth with vapours, that in zn^ny provinces, particularly about Popa^ yan and Porto Bello, the air is extremely unwholefome. The foil of this country V very difTerent, the inland parts being very rich and fertile, and the coads fandy and barren. It is impolllblc to view with- out admlrjuon, the perpetual verdure of the woods, the luxuriancy of the plains, and the towering height of the mountains. 'I'his country produces corn, fugar, tobac- co, &c. and fruits of all kinds. This part of S. America was diPcovcred by Colum- bus in his third voyage to America. It W14 I'uWdued and fettled by the Spaniards about the year 1514, after deftroying, w!;h great inhumanity, feveral millions .of the natives. Terra Firma Pro[>er, or Daritn, a fubdi- vifion of Terra Firma. Chief towns, Porto Bello, and Panama. See Daritn. Terra Mugellanica. See Patagonia, Terra Nieva, near Hi^fon's Straits, is in Ut. 61 4 N, and Ion. 67 W, high water, at full and changs, a little before 10 o'clock, Tfrriiory N, IV. 0/ the Olio, Of N. Wefl- vrn Territory. All that part of the Unit- ed States was fo called, wlkich lies between 3 7 and so N lat. and between 81' 8 and 98 ^ W Ion. bounded N by part of the north- ern l>oundary line of the United States ; jE by the lakes and Pennfylvania ; S by the Ohio river ; W by the ^lilAfippi ; eflimatcd to contain 263,040,000 acres, of which 4,1,040,000 are water. This por- tion of the United States is now divided ilito the State of Ohio, the Indiana Territory., 4ud H^uyne county, which forms a feparate ul comma ^nkilet E CO. Tbomat Jf Mexico, h Tbomat, S n>crica,'on t '•*• 7J, W l< Tbomat, P of Honduras which goods Thmat, Si dalufia, or P o' Terra Fin mffcr aeiwctn • fo flat fummer. ible, yit lato i8 Canada ) league* la 41 I^- [\ of New le &coa(k 1 fmaU ifl- )f Marga- thofecall- )n. 61 48. de of the iociety Ifl- S. Pacific oint Venuf It. 17 4.^ in Mexico> lan village 5hany river, )f the S line i Chatough- r PawtuciM jaffachufetM, ,rer, near it» 24 miles N :ed in X734 Jerfey,,Hun- of Lebanon! ry, contain- ts, including THO flhniftunlcates by fmall portngei ivIthR lake Huron, and the Grand River; the fcitc of Oxford is on its Upper Fork; and that intended furDorchefter on its middle Fork ; London on the Main Fork ; and Chatham on its Lower Fork. It is a fine inland canal, and capable of being highly improved. The lands on itsiraiks are extremely fertile. Smytb, Tbttteier't IflanJ,\ia about a mile £ of the S £ point of Cape Ann, on the coaft of MaflachuTetu, and forms the northern limit of MaiTachufetts 9av ; and has a light houfes. Cafte Ana light houfe lies in ia.t. 43 36 N,«nd Ion. 70 47 W. TbeaUki, the eaftern head water of Illi- nois river, rKet about 8 miles S of Fort St. Jofeph. After running through rich and level lands, about iii miles, it re- ceives Plcin riton the banks of the Oroonoko. N ••»■ 7J.WIon. 6» 36. 9i««»a/, Port Si. a harbour in the bay of Hondurasy on the Spanifti Main ; from which goods are fliipped to Europe. Tbemai^ St. the chief town of New An- ' dalufia, or Parie, in the ndrthcra divilion ofTcrra Firma. 'r-..7.— -' ^a - THO Titmat, St. a parifli of Charlefton 'd\t- tria, in 8. Carolina. Tbtmajloivii, a port town of Maine, Lin- coln CO. on the W fide of Penobfcot Bay, and about 4 leagues from Franklin Kland, at the mouth of the river St. George, which divides this town from Warren Mid Cubing. A confideruble river in the S £ part of the tnwnfltiu i^ called WeflbwelTgeeg. From the hill of Mad- ambettocks may be feen iflands and lands to a. great diftance ; and near it there is thought to be plenty of iron ore. The grand ftaplcs of Thomaftowu are lime and lumber. Limenone is very common. There are now about 35 kilns ercdted, eachof which, on an average, will produce 000 fifty gallon caiks. Too much atten- tion being paid to this bufinefj, prevents a due cultivation of the lands. Therft wereowncd in 1 796on the river, la brigs, fchooners, and (loops, equal to about i ico tons, employed in foreign and coafling voyages. On the river; and its fcverai ftreams, are a number of tide and other Srift and faw mills. A fort with a num- er of cannon, and a regular gnrrifon of provincials, was formerly flationed about 5 miles below the head of thetiUe. Few veftiges of the fort now remain ; hiA in plac^e of it an elega;:t building vas cr'e corporftted 1798. It has 776 inhabitanff. 7btmpfoiu Crtti,u formed by feveral fmall ftream* which rife in the fouthera I»rt of the Mtflifippi Territory, croft the ^ine of the Uqited 3tatea, into W. Flot> ida, now the eattern divifioli of Louifiana, where they unite and purfue a S E courfe into the Mtffifippi river. Its mouth is oppofite Point Coupee. The land on this Creek is reprefented as very valuable. In 1775, Fct^r Chedcr, Oovemor of Weft Florida, granted to Capt. John Elfworth, » trafk of land in the forks of this Creek, pn which in 17 7^, he built a fmall houfb His heirs now claim this land. Tbopieanm, a fmall river of the Indiana Territory, which runs fouthward to Wa- baih river, into which it enters a few miles eaftward of Ouixtannn. '• ^horHJhurgt * poft town in Spotfylvania CO. Virginia, 74 miles from Wafliington. 'fhwnten, A townfliip of N. HampOtire, Grafton co. at the head of Merrimack river, which contains $25 inhabitants. thonli trmmjhipt in Lipcoln co. U. Canada, lies S of Orantham and is water- ed by the river Wetland. Vioyloufe, Pert, on the S coaft of the ifland of Cape Breton, near the ent|;ance of the Strait ,of Fronfac or Canfo, lies be- tween the gulf called Little St. Peter and the jflands of St. Peter. It was formerly called Port St. Pat^r, and is 60 miles W of Gabaronbay. Tioufand J/tu, are in St. Lawrence, a little N of Lake Ontario. TioufinJ Lakit, a name given to a great number of fmaU lakes near the MifQrippi, about 60 iniles abpve St. Anthony'^ Falls. The country about thefe lakes, though little frequented, is fine hunting grounds. Here the Miflifippi i» npt ab,qy^ gq yar^s wide. ■ three Brotbert, 3 iflands within the rivr er EfTequibo on the Ecoad of S. America. tbrm Ifianit Bay, or Harbour, on the £ ceaft of the Ifland of St. Lueia, W. Indies. three Poititt, Cafe,onthe coaftpf Guiana, in S. America. N lat. 10 38, W Ion. 61 57. three Sivert,\n Canada* See Trm Iti- viiret- thrM SlJItri, thret final! itlf 00 the V (liore of Chcfapeak Bay, which lie be- tween W river and Parker's Ifland. thrum Cat, in the S. Pacific Ocean, a (mall circular ifle, not more than a mile incircumfcrcnce, 7 leagues M 6a° W from Lagooii Ifland. High water, at full and change, Mkween ix and la o'clock. Slat. »8 35, W Ion. 13948. thule. Southern, an ifland in the S At- lantic Ocean, the moft foutherly land ever difcovcrcd ; hence the name. 8 lat J9 3i, W Ion. ■? 45« thurtew temn/hip, Haftings ca U. Can- ada, lies near the head of the bay of Quior te, and £ of Sidney. tburmam, a townfliip in Wafhington ca N. York; taken from Queeniburg, and iqi^orporatedin 179a. thunder Bay, on the N fliore of Lake Superior, U, Canada, oppofite the £ end of Ifle de Minatte. There is a remarkable high mountain at its eaftemmoft cape. thunder Bay, in lake Huron, lies about half way between Sagana Bay and the N W corner of the lake. It is about 9 miles gc^ofs either way ; and is thus called from the thunder frequently heard there. tUhiiry townjiip, in the weftern diftritft of U. Canada, is fituated upon lake St. Clair, W of Raleigh, whera (he Thames empties itfelf into that lake. tianaderha Rivtr, See Unadilla R'nier. tiaami, an ancient Indian town, about 150 miles up the SufqUehannah river. tiher, or Gcifi Creei, a fmall ftream which runs foutherly through the city of Wailiington, and empties into Palowmac river. Us fource is 136 feet above the level of the tide in the creek ; the waters of which and tbofe of Reedy Branch may be convcyqd to the Prefident's houfe, and to the capitoL The contemplated Dry Dock, was to have been eree winding of •" . ■> . the TIE Tit ttie road Trom T.ei Cftvet. The rnpe U in lat. i8 ao 30 N, and m Ion. 76 5% 40 W. The export! from Cape Tilicron, from Jan. 1, 1789, to Dec. 31, of the f.ime year, looolb*. white fugar, 377,8oolb». brown fugar, 6oo,ootlb«. cofi'ee, i,v67all)6. cot- ton, io88lbs. indigo, and fmall articles to a conftderable amount. I'otal vahie of duties on exportation, 2465 dollars 76 cents. TiieroH, a fort, near the toirn or villaj^c abovementioned ; taken by the French, the aid March, 1795. 'jTittJUU, a town on the hay of Antonio, on the N £ part of Jamaica I. See Port Anlomh. Tieile Harbour, on the E coafl of New- foundland, 15 leagues from J3unaventura Port. TiMe Mi Q^eily, a name given by Brit- i(h fcamen to a fine, little, fandy hay of Terra Firma, on the Kthtrtus of Darien, at the N W end «f a reef of rocks, having good anchorage and fafe landing. The extremity of the rocks on one fide, and the Samballas Idands (the range of which begins from hence) on the other iide, guard it from the fea, and fo form a very good harbour. It is much frequented by privateers. *rieonikroga, in the State of N. York, built by the French in the year 1756, on the N ude of a peninfula formed by the confluence of the waters iduing from Lake George into Lake Champlain. It w now a heap of ruins, and forms an appendage to a farm. Its name fignifics Noify, in the Indian language, and was called by the French, Corillor. Mo unt Independence i n Addifon co. Vermont, is about a miles S E of it, and feparated from it by tlie narrow Arait which conveys the waters of Lake George and South river into I^ake Cham- plain. It had all the advantages that art or nature could give it, being defended on 3 fides by water furrounded by rocks, and on half of the fourth by a fwamp, and where that fails, the French erected a breaft work 9 feet high. This was the firft fortrefs attacked by the Americans during the revolutionary war. The troops under Gen. Abercrombic were defeated herein the year 1758, but it was taken the year following by Gen. Amherft. It was furprifed by Cols. Allen and Arnold, May 10, 1775, and was retsjaea by Gen. fiurgoyne in July, 1777. Titrra Aujlral del EJpirltu Santc, called by Bougainville, 7be ArcBiptlago ef ti* fi. Jt C^ciadcff Md by Capt. Cook, 7I)»\ Nrtv JJtlr'iJis, may be conf dered ni the eallern extremity of the vaft Arc h'pcl.igo of Nrtu Giiinia. I'hel'e illands arc iituatcd between the latitudes of 14 19 and 20 40 S, and between 169 41 and 170 at £ Ion. from Greenwich, and coiifiQ of the follow- ing illands, fume of which have received names from the dilfcrent F.uropean navi- gators, and Others retain the names whirh they bear among the natives ; viz. I'icrra Aullral del F.fpiritu bunto, St. Bartholo- mew, Mallicollo, Pic de I'lltoile, Aurora, Ifle of Lepers, Whitfuntide, Ambrym, Paoon, Shepherds IIlcs, Sandwich, Drro- mango, Immcr, I'anna, Ertonan, Amu- torn, Apee, Three Hills, Montagu, Hinch- inbrook.and Erromanga. Quires, who fird difcovvred theft iflands, in i(>o6,iIefcrihe> them, as " richer and more fertile tlian Spain, and as populous as they are fertile ; watcied with fine rivers, and producing filver, pearh, nutmegs, mace, pepper, g^u- irer, ebony of the rirfl quality, wootl for the conftruiftion of vefl'els, and p!?ntf which might be fabricated into fail cloth and cordages, one fort of which is not in- like the hemp of Europe." The inhabit- ants of thefe iflands, he defcribcs, z* of feverzl different races of mcTi ; black, white, mulatto, tawny, and copper coU oured ; a proof, he fuppofcs, of their in- ter courfe with various people. Theyufp no fire arms, are employed in no niincst nor have they any of thofe means of de- llrutflion winch the genius of Europe haa invented. Induflry and policy feera to have made but little progrefs among them { they build neither towns nor fortrcflcs ( acknowledge neither king nor laws, an4 are divided only into tribes, among which there does not always fubGft a pcrtct.^ harr mony. Their arms are the bow and ar-^ rows, the fpear and the dart, all mada of wood. Their only covering is a garment round the waift, which reache« to the middle of the thigh. They are cleanly, of a lively and grateful difptffi* tion, capable of friendOiip and inflruif^ion. Their houfes are of wood, covered with palm leaves. They have places of wor- fhip and burial. They work in flone, and poliOi marble, of which there are many quarries. They make flutes, drums, wood« en fpoons, and from the mother of pearl, form chifTels, fcilTors, knives, hooks, faws, hatchets, and fmall round plates for neck« laces. Their canoes are well built and neatly fioifhed. Hogs, goats, cows, buflko loes, and various fowls and fifh for foo^ are jfouud io ab^ndanc( 00 and about m 'iM TIM TIP ihcTo i(1aDi]«. 'Added to all tl)«re and many (idler excellencies, thefe iiluiiJ* ure repre- fijuttid at l)avin|{ a rcmarkMhly Talubrious air, wliich it evinced by the healtiiy rubuA appearance of the inlubitantt, who live «i a great age, and yet have nu other bed than the «:krth. Such it the defcription which Quinis aivtt of thefe iflandi in and •lM)ut which ne fpent Ibmt montht, and which he rcprefentt to the king uf 8pH!n, at - the mod delicioui countrj^ in the world ; the garden of Kden, the inexbauf- tible £uurc(! of glory, richet and power to fipain." On the N fide of the iargeft o( tnett iflamb, called EMtitu SMio, it a bay, called SaH Fitip* and Smut Togo^ which, fays Quito*, ** penetrates ao leagues into the country ; the inner part is all fafc, and may be entered with fccurity, by uicht at well at by da^. On every lide, in its vi- cinity, many vill'igct may be diftinguiflted, and if \vc may judge by the fmokc which rifct by day, and the iiresthat are facu by i\ight, there are many more in the iutcrior paitt.*' I'hc harbour in thit bay, wat named by Quirun, !■><» Vtta Crum, and is a part of this bar, and large enough to ad- mit looo veflelt. The anchorage it on an excellent bottom of Mack fand, in water of different deptiis, from 6 tu 40 f«ithonu, between % fine rivem. yij^n.7rf; the chief town of the captain- flii|> uf Rio Grande in Brazil. TiMiil/kamatM Late, in L. Canada, it ;>b()ui 30 miles long and 10 broad, having i'(?veral fmall illand^ Its waten empty into Uiawat river, by« fliort and narrow channel, 30 milet N of the N part of Ne- pilfing lake. Indians named Timmifca- inaings rcfldc round this lake. TimLutn, two townlliips of Pcnnfylva- fiia ; the one in Buck's co. the other in tliat of Delaware. The former has 947, and the latter 272 inhabitants. Tinier'* IJlti>J,one of the Elizabeth Id- ands, on the coa(l uf MaflachuCetts, oflF buzzard's Bay, 8 miles from the main land of Barnttable co. It is the fecood in magnitude, and the middle one of the 2 largcft. It is about 3. miles long from N •0 S, and about a mile and a half broad from E to W ; and between this and }4aOuwn Ifland is a channel for floopt and fmall velTcIs, as there is alfo between it and Slocum's Ifland, about a mile farther to the wedward. Tiitmtutb, a towafliipof Nfova Scotia on the caftern coaft It was formerly called Pi(!iou, and lies about 40 swlM froai Tru- 4i. Sce/y^w. II \ TiHmoiiil, a pod town of VermQnt, Rul* land CO. and contains 973 inhabitants. T.'ii^^nal, a ri Jt filvcr mine in the prov* ince of Coda Rica 1 which fee. TiWd, a jurifdi«^un in th« empire of Peru ; wherein is the famous fdvcr mine called Condonoma. 8ce Canctt. Tiiitamar*,aitivw of Nova Scotia, which it navigable 3 or 4 miles up for fmall vcf- kU. Titi; a river of Terra Firma, ao Icaguci E of Cipe Honduras. TV^a Po;ni, or Cii6e, on the W coaft of N. Murico, is a rough head laud, 8 leagues fr*m the valley of t'olima. Tii>£j, a townfltip of Pennfylvania, is Luzerne co. having 560 inhabitants. Tiaga, a co. of N. York, bounded E by Otfcgo, W by Ontario, N by Qnoiidagn, and S by the State of Pcnnfyivania. It contains 7406 inhaliitanti. The courts arc held alternately, at Chenengo, and Newtown Point, in the town of Chemung. Some curious bones have been dug up in this county. About la miles from Tioga Point, the bone or horn of an animal wis foundf 6 feet 9 inches lung ; ai inches round, at the long end, and 15 inches at the fmall end. k it incurvatcd nearly tu an arch uf a large circle. By the prefent ftate of both the endt, much of it mull have petiflicd ; probably a or 3 feet from each end. Tioga Point, the point of land formed by the confluence of Tioga river with the E branch of Sufquehannah river. )t is about 5 1 miles foutherly from the line which di« vides N. York from Pennfylvania, and it about 150 miles N by W of Philadelphia. The town of Athens (land* on tlus point of land. Tioga Jliver, a branch of the Sufque- hannah, which rifes in thr Alleghany mountains in about Jat. 4a, and ruouiug eafwardty, empties into the Sufquehan- nah at Tioga Point, in lat. 41 57. It it navigable for boats about jo miles. There is faid to be a praAicable communi- cation between the fouthern branch of the Tioga, and a branch of the ^Uegha- ghany, the head waters of which are near each other. The Seneca Indians fay they can wallc^4time>viaa day, from the boat- able waters of the Alleghany, to thofe of the Tioga, at th« place now mentioned. Tiongbnioga River, 8tc Cbenenga River, Ti(>oha,an ifland in the S. Pacific Ocean, one of thofe called George's Iflaoda. S lat. 14 a7, W Ion. 144 56. Ti^MHjf't Rivir. Sec Tarija, Tifiury, TIT Ttjinn, a fin»ll fitljid^ inco oirattd in i6;i, iiml cuiitaini 109I inhaliitwi'i. It ii in Duke't CO. Mafr;icl)uretc*,an]^toa. '11 i m f 6L T M 'fubago, an inaiid In the \V.I[«{]ie«,tvhicb, ^Itcii in the hands of the Dutch, was call- td Nnu f^elcbereii, is about lO league* to the N of Trinidad, and 40 S orBarbadues. It« length is about 3a miles, but its breadth only about x%, and iti circumfer- ence dbout 80 miles. The climate h not ib hot as might be expetSted io near the equator ; and it is faid that it lies out of the courfe of chofe hurricanes that have fometimes proved fo fatal to the other W. India lHaiids. It has a fruitful foil, capable of producing fugar, and indeed every thing elfc that is raifed in the W. India iflands, with the addition (if we may believe the Dutch) of the cinna- mon, nutmeg, and gum copal. It is well watered with numerous fprings ; and its bays and rivers are fo dil'p'^fed as to be very commodious for all kinds of fhipping. The value and importance of this iflind, appears from the cxtenfivc and formidable armaments fent thither in fupport of their different claims. It fcems to have been chiefly poflefled by the Dutch, who defended their pretcnfinns againfl: both England and France, with t!ie mod obdinate perfeverance. By the treaty of Aiz la Chapclle, in 1748, it was declared neutral ; though by the treaty of 1763, it was yielded up to O. Britain ; but in June, 1 781, it was taken by the French, and ceded to them by the treaty of 1783 ; and captured by the BritiOi in 1791. N lat. II 16, W Ion. 60 30. Tnbaffi Ifland, Little, near the N E ex- tremity of the above idand. It is abottt 2 miles long, and i broad. Toby'i Cteek, an ieaftern branch of Alle- ghany river in Pennfylvania : its fouthet-n head water is called Little Toby's Creek. It runs about SS miles in a W S W and W courfe, and enters the Alleghany about ao miles below Fort Franklin. It is deep enough for batteaux' for a conCdcrable •way tip, thenc6 by a fliort portage to the W branch of Si f juehahnah, by which t conununication is formed between Ohio, and the eaftern parts of Pennfylvania. Toeayma, i city of Terr^ Firma, and in N. Granada. Tozofdhntclei Creek, a water of Oiikmul- {ee river, in Georgia. ToltanJ, acountyof Connedlicut, bound- ed N by the State of MaiTachufetts, S by New London CO. E by Windham, «nd W by Hartford co. It is fubdivided into 9 townfliips, and contains 14,3 19 inhabit:iiits. A great proportion of the county is hilly, but the foil is gencraHy Arong and good f»r graHing. . T'olhiitf, the chief town of the abova county, was incorporated in X7IJ, and is about 18 miles N £ of Hartford. It iia« a congregatiunal church, court houfc, gaol, and 26 or 30 houl'es, compadUy built, in the cantre of the town, and contains 1638 inhabitants. To/u, a town of Terra Firma, S. Amer- ica, with a harbour 00 i bay of the N. Sea. The fathons balfam of the fame name comes from this place' ; 114 miles S W of Carthagena. N lat. 9 36, W Ion. 75 az. Tomaco, a Lirge river of Popayan, and Terr^ Firma. S. America, about 9 mili-s N E of Galia Ille. About a league and a half withiri the river is an Indian town, of the fame name, and but fmall, the in- habitants of which commonly fupply fmall Veflcls with provifions, when tlicy put iit heie for refrcflutteut. TatKobawk If.and, on the E coall of Pat- agonia, 24 miles N £ of Seal's Bay. Tumba Ri-ver, on the coaft of Peru, is between the port of Hilo and the river of Xuly dt Chuly. There is anchorage agaiiifl: this river in 20 fathoms, and clean ground. Lat. ty 50S. ToHiiigRee River, is the dividing line be* twcen the Creeks and Cba(Staws. Above the junction of Alabama and Mobileriv- fers, the latter is called the Tombigbee riv- er, from the fort of Tombigbee, on the W fide of it, about 96 miles above the town of Mobile. The fource of this riv- er is reckoned to be 40 leagtfcs higher up, in the country of the Chickafaws. I'he fort of Tombigbee was captured' by the Britifh, but abandoned by them in 1767. The riVer is navigable for floops and fchooners about 35 leagues above the town of Mobile : 130 American familici are fettled on this river, that have been Spanifli fubjedls fince 1783. Tome/obi Lake, id Hatley townfliip, Ij. Canada, gives rife to a fuuthern branch of St. Francis river. Totnina, A jurifdifUon in the archbifliop- fjc of La PlAta in Peru. It begins about 1 8 leagues S E from the city of Plata ; on its eaftern confines dwell a nation of wild Indians, called Chiriguanos. It aboundc with wine, fugar and cattle. Tomifcamng, a lake of N. America, which fends its waters S E through Ottawas riv- er, into Lake St. Francis iji St. Lawrence river. The line which feparates Upper from Lower Canada, runs np to this lakrt a line drawn due N until it ftrkcs the boundary line of Hudfon's Bay. 'Titn/'f"ntf-iin, a YilU'ge of Pfnnfvlvaui*, 'Mifflir* TO jr TOR Mifflin ca contaiqitig about a dozen houf- t», 2Z miles from LewiQown. Horn's Creek, in N. Jerfey, feparatcs the toVrns of Dover and Shrewibury. ' Torifgayon Bay, on Lake Ontario, U. Canada, oppofite the E end of Amhcrd Ifland, lies between Kingflon and Erned Town. TanJeh, a river at the bottom of the Gulf of Campeachy, in the S W part of the Gulf of Mexico ; 15 miles W of St. Annes, and 34 f of Gaufikwalp. It is bavigable for barges and other vefTels of from 50 to 6ot ns. Toitewaiito, the name of a creek and In- dian town, in the N W part of N. York. The creek runs a wcftward courfe, and enters ISfiagara Rivef oppoGte Grand Ifl- and, 8 miles N of Fort Erie. It runs about 40 iriiles, and is navigable a8 miles from its mouth. I'he town Hands on its S fide, 1 8 miles from Niagara River. Alfo the Indian name of Filliing Ba]^,oa Lake Ontario. 'tinigataioo, one of the Friendly Iflands, in the S. Pacific Ocean, about 60 miles in circuit, but rather oblong, and wideft at the E end. It has a rocky coaft, except to the N fide, which is full of Hioals and iflands, and the Chore is low and fandy. It furnifhes the beft harbour or anchor- aee to be found in thefe iflands. The iifand is all laid out in plantations, be- tween which are roads and lanes for travelling, drawn in a very judicious manner for opening an eafy communica- tion from one part to another. I'he in- habitants are lefs warlike than favages in general, mild and gentle in their man- ners. They cut oif two joints of the lit- tle finger at the lofs of a near relation. They offer human facrificcs to their dei- ties. The Mifllonary Society of London have fcnt the gofpcl to thefe poor pa- gans, hut the fuctefs has hot equalled their wjflies. The gofpel ill accords with their lufts, too long indulged to be eafily rcftraincd. S lat. ai 9, W long. 174 46. VariHtion of the needle, in t777, was 9 ;.^ E. Tamanta Creei, runs into the river St. Lawrence, in the townfliip of Yonge, U. Canada. Totticat. See Coupee Point. Tjnti, an iiland at the mouth of Lake D'Urfc, at the eaflern extremity of Lake Ont.irio, is within the Britifli territories ; II miles N E of Point au Goelans, and II weft of Grand Ifliind, having feverai ifles between ii and the latter. V»t. I. if^ltlg. Tirtue, an ifland on the N fide of the ifland of St. Domingo, towards the N W part, about 9 leajpacs long from E to W, and 2 broad. The W end is nearly 6 leagues from the head of the bay of Moufl:iquc. The freebooters and bucca- nicrs drove the Spaniards from this ifl- and in 163^ ; in i6;!8, the Spaniards maflacrcd all the IVtuch colony ; and in J639, the buccanicrs retook Tortue. In 1^)76, the I'ttnth took policlliou of it ■gain. Tor/vgfs, Dry, flioals foiitli-weftward from Cape Florida. Thty arc 134 IcHgucs from the bar of Pcnfacola, and in lat. 24 3a N, .ind Inu,^, 83 40 W. They conlifl of 10 hnall iilcMids or keys, iiiid extend E N E and W S W 10 or i^ milts ; niuft of thcni are covered with buflits, and may hf fc'u at the diftancc of four leagues. The S W key is one of the fuirtlleft! but ttic mult Hiittcrial to be known, is in lat. 34 31 N, and long. 83 4O W, From the S W part of this key, a reef of coral rocks extends about a quarter of a mile; the water upon it is vifibly difcoloured. Tortugat Hairbeur, on the coaft of Bra- zil, is 60 leagues E S £ from the Cape of Arbrafec, and the fliore is flat all the way from the Gulf of Maranhao. Tortugai, an ifland fo named from the great number of turtle found near it, is near the N W part of the ifland of St. Domingo. See Tortue. Tortugat, or Sal Tortuga, is near the W end of New-Andalufia and Terra Firma. It is uninhabited, although about 30 miles in circumference, and abounding with fait. N lat. II 36, W long. 65. It is 14 leagues W of Margaritta Ifland, and 17 or 18 from Cape Blanco on the main. There are many iflands of this name on the N coaft of S. America. Tortugat Point, on the coad of Chili, and in the S. Pacific Ocean, is the S point of the port of Coquimbo, and 7 or 8 leagues from the Pajoras Iflands. Tortugas road is round the point of the fame name, where fliips may ride in from 6 to 10 fathoms, over a bottom of blackfand ; near a rock called the Tortugas. The road is wtll flicltered, but will not cohtain above lo or 30 fhips fafely. Ships not more than 100 tons burthen may careen on the Tor- tugas rock. Tofquiatojfy Creek, a N head water ff Alleghany River, whofe mouth is E of Squcaughta Creek, and 17 miles, N W of the Ichua Town ; which fee. Totoiva, a place or village at the Great Falls in Paflaik River, N. Jerfey. Tottery, a river which empties through the S E bank of the Ohio, aad is uavi^iu- blc with batteaux to the Occafioto Moun- tains. It is a long river, and has I v branches, and interlocks with Red Cr. ':, or Clir.che's River, a branch of the " tii- nelTee. It has btlow the mountains, tl- pecially for ij milts from its mouth, very gond land. . Toulon, a townll.Jp of N. York, in On- tario co. fn 1796, 1/3 of the inhabitAiits were elccStors, Tower/All, a village in the townfliip of S. Kingftown, Rhodc-Idand, where a poft ofiice is kept. It is to miles Wof New- port, Town/end, a town in Norfolk co. TI. Canada, lies in the rear and N of Wood- honfe. TownJhenJ, a townfliip of Windham co ». Vermoi'ti- T R E T R I t the Great Vermont, W of Wcftminfter and Putney, containing 1,083 inhabitants. Toivtijhend, a harbour on the coad of Maine, where is a bold harbour, having nine fathoms water, flicltered from all tvinds. High water, at full and change, 45 minutet after ic o'clock. Townjlend, a townfliip of Middlcfcx co. MafTacbufctts, containing 1,149 inhabit- ants, 45 miles nortliward of Boftnn. Tracoducbe, now Garlelon, a fctttlement on the N &de of Chaleur Bay, about j leagues from the great river Cafquipihi- ac, in the S W dire(ftion. It is a place of condderable trade in cod-iifli, &c. Be- tween the townfliip and the river Cafqul- pibiac is the fmall village of Maria. TianifulUity, a place in SufTex co. New Jerfey, B miles S of Newtown. Trap, a village in Talbot co. Maryland, about 6 miles S £ of Oxford. Trap, Tie, a village of Pennfylvania, in Montgomery co. having about a dozen houfes, and a German Lutheran and Cal- vinid church united. It is 1 1 miles from Pottfgrove, and 26 from Philadelphia. Traf, a village in Somerfet co. Mary- land, at the head of Wicomico Creek, a branch of the river Wicomico, 7 miles S W of Salifbury, and 6 Nof Princef« Ann. 'Traptown, a village of Frederick co. Maryland, on Cotodtin Creek, between the South and Cotoiflin Mountains, and 7 miles S W of Frcdericktown. Ttovcr/e Bay, Great, lies on the N E corner of Lake Michigan. It has a nar- row entrance, and fets up into the land 5 E, and receives Travetfe River from the eaft. treadhaven Cretk, a fmall branch of Choptank River. Trtafis IJlanJt, form a part of Mr. Sliortland's New Georgia, (Surville's Ar- chipelago of the Arfacides) lying from 6 38 to 7 30 S lat. and from 153 3.^ to 156 E long, from Greenwich. Sec A>fa- tidis, &c. Tiencbe Mont River, a fmall river of the ifland of St. John's, in the Gulf of ijt. Lawrence. Tr^'oibic, a townfliip in Grafton co. N. Hampfliire, having 47 inhabitants. Trent, a fmall river of North CHroiina, which falls into Neus River, at Newbern. It is navigable for fea veflel?, 1% miles above the town, and fur boats 20. See Ncus. Trtnton, one of the largeft towns in'N. Jerfey, and the metropolis of th» State, in Hunterdon so. on the £ tide •i Delaware River, oppofite the fails, and nearly iff the centre of the State from N to S. 'The river is not nM'igable above the fe falU, except for boats wliich will carry from ■500to 70obulhel8 of whe;!t. Thin town, with Lanibcrton, which joins it on tlie>S, contains about 300 houfes, and z,ooo in- habitants. Here tlie iigillaturc ftatcdiy meets, the fuprcme court fits, and mod of the public officts are kept. The inhabit- ants havelately ere(5tcd a handfonie court- houfc, too feet by 30, with a femi-hexa- gon at each end, over which is a baluf- tf adc. Here are alfo a church for Kpif- *» copalians, one .^or Prefliyterians, one for Methodifts, and a Qnaker meeting lioufe. In the neighbourhood of this pleafant town arc a number of gentlemen's feats, finely fituated on the banks of the Dela- ware, and ornamented with tafleand ele- gance. Hcret is a flouriihing academy. It is I a miles S W of Princeton, 30 from Brunfwick, 30 N E of Philadelphia, ande of Iklewfound- land Ifland, between lat. '47 53 30, and 48 37 N. , i - . . Trinity Fort, a lar^e bay of Mariinico Ifland, in the W. Ind-^s, formed on the S E by Poiiit Caravelle Trinity IJe lies near the coaft of Pata- gonia, in S. America, t ut York' lAands. Slat. 5037. „, , Trinity Ut, the nortneafteTQinQft of the fmall illands on the S £ coaft of the penin- fula of Alalka, on the N W coaft of A. merica, N £ of Foggy Iflancls. , Trio, a cape on the coaft of Brazil, S. America. • 4. ' 'ftifio, a bay on the iH coaftof S. Amer- ica, is W S W of the river Turiano. It has good anchorage, and is well weltered from the fwell of the fea. ^ , frMgHio Bay, ill tlie GuU of Honduras, Oiorc of the QyXi ofJWaicyj i» with, in the Ifland of Cities. Dulcc River lies a little W. .... > Xrocadfe, z fmall ifland 6h the N coaft of the ifland of St, Johii's, lying off the niouth of Shimcne Port, and in the Criilf of St. Lawrence. Troit Hivieret, a bay at ^he £ epd of j the.^ above mentioned idaiid of St. John's^ and W of (!!ape Breton Iflajnid. Three ftrcanis fall into it from djiOrercht direc- tions; hence its name. N lat. 465, W ! Ion;:;. 6a 15. _, . Ttoii Ri-uitres, or the Tlrte Jlivers, a town of Lower Canada, fctile4 by the French in x6to, I'he^tuwn ftands oq^ the northern banic of the St. Laurrence a^ that part of tlie river called Lake St. Pierre. It is bpt thinly inhabited, though commudioufly fituatcd for the fur tiade,^and was formerly the feat of the French governmtnt, and the grand mart to which the natives rcfortcd. It u p!eai'; in f^^9' }^^ ^'^''^ P^ ^'"' flburiinipg city was Covered with fTocks and Herds. . j t 1 ' Tiumtult, a, ^(t tbwii iii iPairfield CO. Conneiflifut, 309 miles from Wafliingtoii. Jt has ^,391 inhabitants. TrunilHl{, a coiinty of tli^ State of 6fiio, iVbbiinded £ by tKi; weltern line of ^eiiri- fylvania, N by Lake t!rK, ^ by the p^i*- allel of 41 ii lat. exte'ndinjg W 110 miles on the. S line, einhracihg the whol£ of ijhat ii called'^ JViw Cnn^u^t. f hefe is a water communicatibn between St. Law- rcfice arid Mitfifippi, except gortagesatfli- agara, Three Rivers, and from the Cayu- ga to Miilkirigum, 8 miles, the whole not | exceeding 30 miles. On Lake $r'ie arc ai | veflels ^tom 40 to aoo tons, employed in j trarifpoi-tatiori of furs^ fait, Englith goods, ' &^. &c. acrofs the lake. This county in ; 1806 had 1,303 irihabitaritsL Th^ couilty ' town, JP'arren, is 76 miles N* W from Pittf- bu'rgri. 7V«r«, a town of Nova Scotia, in Hali- fax cp^ at the head of the Bafin of Minas, pppofite to, and 3 miles foiitherly of Onf- low ; 40 miles N by V?" of Halifax, and 40 from Pidtoi|i. It was fettled by tTie Worth Irirti', fome Scotch', and the de- fcendanis of North Irilh. Through this tswQ rj^t tliic river called by the lodiins ■r\ f R tr Sh{ibbetia6adre, nilvigablfc' for boats t^ within 9 miles of Fott Saclcville. Truro, a poft town of BU-nftable cb. MaiTachufetts, lies between lat. 41 37, ihi 43 4 N> and between loU^. 70 4 abd 7b s'3 W, It is on the tanernmblb p»r[ of the pcninfula of Cape Cod, 57 milet St £ of Bodon, in a itrai^t 'ine, but as the road runs it is 126, and 46 front thi: court houfe of tiarnftable. It h the Pi.iiiet 6t the Indians, and after its fettle- riii;h^ in 1700, was Ibnie time called /^//n- gtrjiclii it was incorporattd ondtr its plrefent name in 1709, and contains 1,15a inhabitaiits. Only ohe family uf Indians retniliiied a few years flnce, and lived un Pamet PtinU In the Vallty calJcd Great dolloyjy a cretk tti* up froth the bay, at the tiiouth of whlcli is a tide harbour. I'he other laridlng plates are of fma|l note. Pdmit Harbour is about iao y.irds wide at the mouth, but is wider within ; diid if repaired woiild be of piUblic utility. it liet above 3 leagues S E of Cape Cod harjbdur. The hill on which the riicetiug- hdiift (lands, branches from the high laiid of Ca^ie Cod, we-ll knb^n to feailieu. Thi; nioiintaiti Of clay in Truro, in the riiidit of fdndy hill;*',' fecriis to haVe beieit placed th^e by the God of idaturtJ, to fervc as a foundation for a "^t-hbiifd, whichi if efedled', might frtve the liVe's bf tiipiifahds, arid millions of prbp(.rty. The fbit of Truro is, in riioft places, fandy', like PrbvincetoWn ; and the iiihahitants derive their principal ful/fiflcnci itcn<\. the fea, whiqh here abounds with Vi«ft variety of ^fli. Grealt pa*t of their corn and vegetables arc procured from Boftbri and the h'eighbouriug towns. Two in- habitants of Truro, CaptVihs Dslvid Smith and Gamaliel Collings, were the firl^ who adventured to Falkland Iflands in purfuit of whales. This' voyage, which was crowned with fuccels, was uudcrcak- eh in 1774, by the advice Of Admiral Montague of the Britifli navy. Thi whale. men of Truro now vifit the ctfafl of Guirii:^ and Bra/il. Many of the maners of Hiips employed from Boflon and other ^orts, are natives of Truro. The eldcrij* riien and' frnaTI boys remain at horiid to cultivate the ground; the refl: are ar fea ^ds of the year. The women arc gcritr- ally employed in fpinuing, weaving, knit- ting, &c. Truxillt, A bay, harbour, and town, at the bottom of St. Giles's Bay, ou iheeoaft of Honduras, in the gulf of that n^me. The bay is about 6 Oiiles broad, l)eing deep "!»'•& .!■«" 'SM T U C T U L ■Icrp and fecure, and defended by a caf- tle ; but it hai little trade. The town ftands about a leajjue from the North out Ibalf a league from the lea ; ia furround- ed with a brick wall, and from its circuit may be claiTed aniong cities of the third order. Two leagues to the northward is the port of Guanchaco, the channel of its ftade. The houfes make an elegant ap- pearance, Vcing generally of brick, with fiately balconies and fupcrb porticoes. truxillo, or Nijita Seitlora de la Pax, 9, town of New Granada (Venezuela) and Terra Firma, in S. America, 125 miles S of Maracaibo Lake ; on the S bank of which lake is a village, called Trtixillo, dependent on this city. The city is in lat. 9 at N, and long. 69 15 W. Tryou Mouittaini, in N. Carolina, lie N tV of the town of Salilbuiy, on the bor- ders of the State of TenncH'ec. fuapt, the chief town of the divifiou of iSenora, in Ntw Mexico. 7ul-a:, a fmall illand, one of the Society Iflands, in the S. r.iciiic Ocean, is about 4 or 5 leagues to the N by W, or N N W from Bolabola. S lat. 16 la.Wlong. iji 44. Tucapee, on the coaft of Chili, and the W ftdr of S. America, is on the S. Atlan- tic Ocean, 10 leagues N N E from Rio Imperial, and 10 to the ifland of Santa Maria, or St. Mary. t»Ua'.>aUl)tch a town of the Creek na- tion of Iniiian*. TujkaLoc Crfti, in Maryland, Talbot co. a branch of Choptank River. Ticitrion, the port of entry for the dif- tritfl of Little Egg Harbour, in the State tti N. Jtrfey. Tucierhti, a pod town in Burlington t*. N. Jerfcy, aoi miles from Wafliiogton. Vtucuman, a province of S. America, To called from a tribe of Indians, and in the S W divifion of Paraguay. It is bound- ed N partly by Los Chicas, in Peru, and partly by Chaco ; S by Cayo and Pam- [las ; E by Paraguay Proper, and Rio de a Plata ; and W by St. Jago, in Chili, and the S end of Chicas ; extending it- felf from Rie Vermego to Rio Quarto, almoft from lat. 34 to 34 S, and from £ to W, where broadeR, from the river Sa- lado to the ridge of the Cordillera, fepa- rating it from Chili, almoft from loiig. 6z to 69 30 W. The climate is healthy and temperate. The lands are rich and well cultivated, efpecially towards Chili, with fome defart cantons towards the Magel- lanic Gde. Its two principal rivers are Dolce and Saiado, that is, the fwcet and fait ones ; belide innumerable fmaller ftreams. The natives are fomcwhat civil- ized by the Spaniards, and cover them- felves with their woollen and cotton man- ufadlures, and live in villages. Tue'uyoy a town of New Granada, and Terra Firma, in N. America. It fiands in a valley of the fame name, every where furrounded by mountains. The air is very healthy, and the foil fruitful, and a river divides the place. It is 200 miles S of Maracaibo city. N lat. 7 10, W long. 68 36.' , Tufunborougb, a town of N. Hampfliire, in Strafford co. on the N £ fide of I..ake Winipifeogee, adjoining Wolfborough, containing 357 inhabitants. Tygulo River, in Georgia, is the main branch of Savannah River. The other great branch is Keowee, which joining with the other, 1$ miles N W «»f the northern boundary of Wilke's co. form the Savannah. Some branched of the Tugulo rife in the State of TcnncfTcc. A refpedbible traveller relates that in ten minutes, having walked his horfe mod- erately, he tailed of Tugulo, Apalachico- la, and HiwafTee Rivers. Tuich'.ir nm Creei, in the State of New- YorL^ ''^ i'j miles above Schenedlady. £ of the creek is a curious Indian infcrip- tinn. Tulfy, one of the military townfhips of Oaondago co. N. York, having Sempro- nius W, and Fabius £. It is within the jurifdidlion of Pompcy, lies 29 miles S £ of the ferry on Cayuga Lake, and has a pod office. Tu/febcticn, a branch of (he Schuylkill, which t U R T U R igton c*. sgton. erica, fo id in the t liound> >erU( and [»d Pam- d Rio de in Chili, :nding it- Quaito, i from S river Sa- cra, fepa- [1 long. 6» althv and 1 and well :hili, witU le Magel- rivers are fwcet and e rmaller what civi!- ivet them- otton man- ahadai and , It (land* line, every :ains. The oil fruitful. It is aoo lat. 7 lo, iampfhire, ide of I^akc ilfborough. Is the main The other lich joining ■ W of the ;'s CO. form :hei of the Tcnneflee. . that in ten hoffe mod- kpalachico- late of New- edtady. E [iab infcrip- lownfhips of Ing Scmpro- \ within the L9 miles S £ \, and has a : Schuylkill, which which empties Into that river at Reading. Alfo, the name of a town of Pennfylva- nia, in I^ancader co. 6 miles W of Mid- dletown, and 65 N W of Philadelphia. Tulpchocken Creek or River, and Quita- pahilla, head within 4 miles of each oth- er. The water communication between Schuylkill and Sufqoehannah muft be formed over a trand not half fo broad. It is furrouuddd by a reef of coral rocks, that have no foundings with- out them. Slat. 19 49, W long 177 57. Turtle Creel, in Pennfylv.iiiia, a fmall dream which empties through the E bank of Mouongahcla River, about it, miles from the mouih of that river, at Pittf- burg. At the head of this creek, Gener- al iiraddock engagifd a party of Indians, tlie 9th of July, t75.;, <>n his way ro Pott du (.^cl'nc, iio^v Pittfljur;;, where he wns- r< i)ulled, himfelf killed, his army p'lt to flight, and the remains of the army brought off the field by the addicfs and cour.iiic Hi', n ife: talir^.ot Colpnel, afte^wgr^* General Turtie JHivpund, ^rtd iit bar hat a (uf- iiciency of water tpr tl)e iargeft ve0cltbat fkvinu. A* ••» mouth is the town of Brvii)(wick, whii^li han a noble and capa> clou* harhpiir. The tpwn it regularly j;iid OMt, \}»t ijot yet buUt. X^P Jai^dt on the Iv^iiif* pf th^» river arc laid to be C»ccUcut. Tury, a river onthc craft gf 9r4^)li >n S. Ampriea. 40 leagues £ S £ pf the river q,our on ,the Infide of it. But the puffxge both in and out, is difficult, »ncl no pijpts arc to he had. 7'„/,a>fr/i Cred.a lijiaJl ftream pf Pcnn- fyI.\Mnia, n iijich empties through the S W ).Mi)k cf Juuiatta kivcr, 12 miles S £ qf , l>rwiftf>w'n. Wafiarara TTiHazcr , \\c n mile from eajtli other, 4 mjle* from Qutenftown, in U. C.<)jada, containing together ;^ho|jt 40 de- ciycd hoiifcs. Vtftigc«o^ai>,cient fortjfl- cations are v>ni?|e.in this neig)ibPK''i>(>od. '{°iie Iqdian hpi^res are fl^}q\^t 12 ifeet Cmji^rt; fiwnyof'thfm ^re^holly cover- ed >v'th bark, pthCTs have the wali« of h'gt, in.thefatpp mapper as the firft fet- t.'ers Jimong w.hite people built. their huts, htyi'ig chimneys in which thty keep comfprtaMc fire". Many of them, how- ever, retain tlic ancient cuftpm, of haying the fire in the centre pf t})e hojufe. Tlie JanJ. Carolina, .ibout the vcar 171a, and Vcrc adopted by the Qncidas, with whom they have fmre lived, on the fuppf»,(i{ion that they were oripnally the fame tribe, fi om na affinity which there is in their Jangnane. They now couGft of about 400 fouls, thfir village i« between Kah- riinwo'ohale and New Stockbri(l);e, on Tlifcarora or Oneiil-t Crejrk. Thty re- ceive »n annuity of abo"it 400 dollars from the ITnited i^t-tfs. 7i'f, io thi:- N. Pacific Ote^n. I From the river S;y Rpa- noke River and Albemarle Sound, aiul S by lieaufort. It i.s generally alow, flat. and fwanipy country, and contains 3,36j iuhabitanta. Uc u. CAII, Port, on the N W coaft of N. America:, is fltiiatcd on WHfliington'.s 111- and, S of Port Gtyer, and N of Port Sturgis. At its mouth ;ire Ntcdham'* nics. Tlie middle of the entrance of thi* bay is in lat. 54 25 N. Ucoyala River, a b branch of Amazon River. Vthf, tJchel Bartrac eft, mo( town hi '■'ge, ai ««"C coni iathed a * reddifl which g brick w covered The towi full of yo fuppofed ants. T^ men or guageisn or Mufco, Savanna c *o be the 1 anefe, a 'he Creeki and are of the jcaloul tonfederac yet are wi common en the general S. Pacific q 'rom the ifl W. There of it. The long, ijt jj( W/ea, or , more of the ^V'r, a n of *^ York, ". S by the the CO. of Gi ^^hff", om Caynga co, end of Cayu and Dryden eluded withi^ j which was in 537 inhabitai Unbagag^ t; or collection part of Yorli '".to the Gi Their fevcraj felmapunteag, •wfcook, and Ireams, the '"»va, fall ,„ ^ °' this norther too defeaivc andprecifedc Vyu I. I bMncb a, which turn* to It y^t. 33 eibcnt in i8, io the r iyfi»ip> 00. See <5 and, t^Wng (o Enoree ver, 5 n>''^" )f Maffa,ch«- imacjt River, ning 696 in- ■ Kcnnebeck jhabitants. f MathyRoa- Jsoiiod, ana S \y alow, flat. pntains 3,363 .' coaft of N. [liington's H'- Id N of I'c"^,' le Nteilham]* litrwnce oi thi« [h of Amazon U M B Vcbt, an Indian town on the Chata Uche River. It is (ituated, according to Bartram, on a vaft plain, and is the urg- eft, mod compadt, and belt built Indian town he ever faw. The habitations arc large, and neat ; the walls of the houfes are conftruifted of a wooden frame, then lathed and plaftered infide and out with a reddifli well-tempered clay or mortar, which gives them the appearance of red brick walls ; and the roofs are neatly covered with cyprefs hark, or (hingles. The town appears populous and thriving, full of youth aad young children ; and is fuppofed to contain about 1,500 inhabit- ants. They are able to mufter 500 gun- men or warriors. Their national lan- guage is radically different from the Creek or Mufcogulge tongue, and is called the Savanna or Savanuca tongue. It is faid to be the fame or a diaie£iftjt. and between 64 and 96 \V long, from London ; bounded N and £ by Brilifli America, or the provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, and New- Brunfwiclc ; S E by the Atlantic Ocean ; S by Eaft and Weft Florida, and W by the river Miilillppi. According to Mr. Ilutchinst, it contained, by computation, a million of fquare miles, in which arc 640,000,000 acres Dedu Tom Tome of the largcft lakes in the world. The moft rcinaikable lie in a chiiin along their nortlirrn boundary upon the Canada line, and are Lakes Su> pcrior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, Ontario, Champlainc, George, Memphrcmagog, Umbagog, Chcraunkrok, r.nd Moofehead Lake. Ihe nioft rcm;«tkal)le fwamps are Ekarfunoki, nearly jco miles in cir- cuniicrtnce in the State of Georgia ; the two Difiiia's in North-Carolina, of im- menle cxttAr, each containing a large lake in its centre ; and BufTaloc Swamp, in tlie north-wcftern pwrts of Pennfylva- nia. I'he principal mountains in the United States ^re Ag^menticus, in Maine; the White Mountairs and Monaduock, in New-Hamp(hire ; Wachul'ett, in Maf- fachufetti ; the Green Mountains, in Vcrn.cnt ; .ind the Alleghany Mountainn, about 900 miles in length, and from 15* to 250 in l)rei)dth. The face of the coun- try, generally )pcak!ng, is agreeably va- riegHttd with plains and mountains, valci and bills. New-England is an uneven, hilly and rocky country. A broad fpnee, including ail the bfimches of the Alleg- hany Mountains, commencing at Hud- fun's River in New- York, and extending circuitoufly fimth-weOerly through all the States wed ward and routhward,Deiaw3ie excepted, is mountainou!>. Eaftward of thefc mountains, quite to the fea-cnafV, a border of from 60 to ico miles, and fometimes more, in breadth, is a remark- ably level country, and in the fouthcrn States free of ftone. Weft of this range of mountains, is a fine and charmingly diverfified country, well watered, fertile, temperate in climate, and incrcafing io population with unexampled rapidity, tvcry fpecies of foil that the earth af- fords may be found in the United States; and all the various kinds of fruits, graiv, pulfe and garden plants and toots whicl^ are found in Europe ; befidcs a great va- riety of native vegetable produifliorfc Tobacco, rice, indigo, wheat, corn, cot- ton, tyc, oats, barley, buck-wheat, fl«x, and hemp, are among the principal pro- dudUuoa of the United States. The United United fifling c (belidcs Diving of their eral con tcred b) purtinna the peo merchan extenfivc ■^en, Den eriands, i lands anc (ugal, an rocco, ani with Chit Hnd the Vcft-Indi America. ed are fi/h flour, whe indigo, f]; iron, &c. in the Uni of Philade holders in in 1803, cs who draw j ofPJiiladcI; 340435. ' ingSept. 30 dollars. S exports wai Jars. TJie in 1801, \vi 55,800,033 cd into tike redlly froiT The export 1791, was I trade of the culiarly imf or of anuo) nations. T muted by w of privinK und laws cf their own, united under a ',itntT*\, fed cral cuiiAitiitiun of j(ovcrnn\cnt, adminif' tcred by iin eletflive head, and by a pro- portionate number of reprcfeiitutives of the people from all the States. The mercnunts of thi» countiy carry on an extenfivc foreign trade with Rufli.i, Swe- den, Denmark, Hamburgh, United Neth- erlands, Great-Dritain, Auftrian Nether- laad« and Germany, Fnnce, Spain, Por- tugal, and Italy, in Europe—with Mc- Tocco, and fcveral other part* of Africa— with China, and various Afiatic countries, iind the FaQ-India Iflandi— with the Veft-Indics, and the N W coaft of N. America. The principal articles cxport- td are fifh, lumber, live flock, beef, pork, flour, wheat, Indian corn, tobacco, rice, indigo, flax-feed, pot and pearl aflies, iron, &c. There were, in 1803, 54 banks in the United States ; of thefe 34 were E of Philadelphia. The number of ftock- holders in the funds of the United States, in 1803, eaft of Philadelphia, was 7,971, ] Jews ; and many who rejefk fcv whodrawannually i,785,443dolIs.;fouth iigion as unneccfTary, inconveri of Philadelphia, 1 37 1, who draw annually 340435- The exports of the year cnd- ingSept. 30, i796,amounted to 67,064,095 dollars. Six years before, the value of exports was but about 18 million* of dol- lars. The aggregate amount of exports in 1801, was 7 1,957,144 tiol'S'; •" 1803, 55,800,033 do'.lars. The tea import- ed into tl«e United States, in 1791, di- redtly from Chinsi, was 2,601,85a lbs. The export of falted beef and pork, in I79i,was 66,000 barrels. The fifliing trade of the United States is tendered pe- culiarly important as a means of defence or of anuoying the commerce of hoftile nations. The fifliernicn may be tranf- muted by war immediately -into a corps of priv.itecrfmcn, and their' fhips into private veflcls of war. A tax of ao cents a month, on each feaman, while a«5tually employed, has been laid by Congrefs, to form a fund for the relief cf Tick and dif- abled fearaen. The whole fum colle«5led, from the commencement of the cftablifli- ment, to the 30th of June, 1803, was 544,079 dolls. S5 cents. Of this 22,067 dolls. 81 cents, have been dcdudled from the pay of fcamen employed in public fcrvicc, and 222,011 dolls, 74 ients from that of feamen in private fervice. Near- ly a third part cf tliia fum has been col- , IcAed in thefingic Stare of MafTitliufctti. From this fund marine hofpitaN lu"c \trcn trciktti at Norf:ilk, iii Virginia, and at Charlcflown, in Maflarhufetts ; the latter cofl 14,000 dollars. The capital ports for large fliips, in the United States fbnd thus ranked : Newport, in Rhnde-llland ; Portland, in Maine ; and N. York. Sev- eral important branches of tnanufaiflnrei have grown up and flouriflied with a ra- pidity which furprifes ; aflbrding an en- couraging aflurancc of fuccefs in future attempts. Religion here is placed on it* proper bafis, without the feeble and un- warranted aid of civil power, and it left to be fupported by its own evidence, by the lives of its profcfTors, and by the al- mighty care of its Divine Author. The following denominations of ChriHIans are more or Itfs numerous, viz, Congrega- tionalids, Prelbyterians, rpifcopatiaus, Dutch Reformed Church, Baptidi, Qua- kers, Methodifts, Roman Catholics, Ocr- man Lutherans, German Catvinini, Mo- ravians or United Brethren of the Epif- copal church, Tunkers, Mennonift,^, Uni- vcrfalifts, and Shakers. There are a few ealed re- lent, and fabulous, and plead the fufhcicncy of natural religion. In 1800, there were J 1305666 inhabitants in the United States ; 893,605 of whom were flavct. The prefent number is proba'^ly nearly (ix millions, made up of almolt all the dilFerent nations of Europe, but princi- pally of the dcfcendants of the EngliOi nation. The military (Irength of this country lies in a well-difciplined militia of about 900,000 brave and independent freemen, and an army of about 3 or 4,000 men to defend the fiontiers of the Union, and to man the feveral fortrelTes in the different parts of the United States. The tftiraatcs of the .Secretary of the Trcaf- ury for the fervice of the year 1804, were— ■} Dolli. 564.308 183,496 For the civil lift, Mifcellancous expenfes. For iiitcrcourfe with for eigni nations. For the military depart-") oz mcnt, j 863,35- For the naval eftablifliment, 650,000 Cts. 68 5» 159,900 Total, 2,421,056 ay See America, N. America, and FreJonia^ in the Appendix. Unity, a fetticmcnt in Kcnncbeck co. ,. Maine, i'.' H'JI ;'i|*! mA ,'1- fiSl ., M M .4;: ,i '1! iii't; U R A U T t Maine, 8 milet W of Sidney, oppofite Vaflalborough, and ij miles N w of Hallowell. It lica on Sandy River, about i6 mile* from itt mouth. UitUy, a townfliip of N. llampniire, Cheftiire co. a few roilei N E of Charlef- town. It wai incorporated in 1764, and contains 901 inhabitants. Umiiy TVivff, in Montgomery co. Ma- 2 land, lies » or 3 miles front Patuxent irer, it from Montgomery court houfe, and 14 northerly of the city of Walhing- tou. UpoUbaviaHan, or Yimlfcamain, a Cana- dian rettlemcnt in N. America, in lat. 47 17 30 N. Vpptr AUewayi Cttti, In Salem co. N. Jerfey. Uffitr Said Eaglct a townfhip of Penn« fylvania, Mifflin co. Upptr Frubald, a townOiip of N. Jcrfev, Monmouth co. has Freehold on the £. It contained, in 1790, 344* inhabitants. Ufptr Grtmt MoHodHtei, in the town- fiiip'of Lemington, in the N £ corner of Vermont, on Coiinetfticut River. Upfer Hanover, a townfliip of Pennfyl* vania, Montgomery co. Uppir Matlbotcugb, a pod town of Ma- ryland, 16 milcji S E of BUdcniburg, 15 M £ of Pifcataway, and 18 front Wafli- ington. Upper Milfotd, a townfliip of Pennfyl- 'Vania, Northampton county. Upper Penni Ntck, a townfliip of N. Jerfey, Salem county. Upper Saurot a place in N. Ciirnliiia, on Dan River, about 300 miles from Halifax. Upper Savage I/laiiJs, in Hudlon'it Bay. N lat. 6a 3.* 30, W long. 70 48. Uptight Bay, near the W tiid of the (Straits of Magellan. S lat. Si 8, W long. 75 ZS' ^ . , Upton, a townfliip of MafTacIiuretts, Worceirter co. containing 854 inhabit- ants, difpcrfcd on 13,000 acres of land, favourable for orcharding, pafluragc and grafs. It i» W of Sherburne, 15 miles S E of Worceftcr.and 38 8 W of Bofton. Upton, a village in the townfliip of Still- water, in N. York. Uracie, a river on the E coaft of S. America, is 18 leagues W N W of Cau- rbra River. Uragua, a province in the H divifton of Paraguay, in S. America, whofe chief town is Los Royes. Urano, a river on the N coaQ of S. America, which enters the ocean alireaft of the wcflcromoft of the Pcritas liiands, about 3 leagues wcdward of Comana Bay. It only admits fmall boats and ca- noes. Otchier Bay is W of it. Urbaima, a fmall poll to#n of Virginia, Middlefcz co. H W fide of Rappahan- nock River, %% miles from Stingray Point, at the mouth of the river, 7 3 S £ ol Fred- erickfburgh,73 E by S of Richmond, and 145 from Wafliington. Wheat is fliip- ped from this to Europe, and Indian corn, &c. to N. England, Nova-Scotia, and the W. Indies. Urvaig, or Urvaiga, a province of 8. America; bounded ov Ouayra on the N, the mouth oi Ric de fa Plata S, the cap- tainry of del Rey £, and Parana W, from which it is divided by the river of that name. Its extent is from lat. aj to 33 ao S ; the length from N £ to 8 H being fomewhat above lio leagues, and the breadth from E to W, - vhcre broad- efl, X30, but much narrower in other parts. It is divided by the river Urvaiga, or Uruguay, into the E and W parts. This river runs above 400 leagues, the upper part with 3 prodigious noifc among rocks and ftoncs, and falls into the La Plata nearly oppofite Buenos Ayres. Utatvat, a river which divides Upper and L. Canada, and falls into Jcfus Lake, 1x8 miles S W of Quebec. It receives the waters of Timmmcamain 360 miles from its mouth ; 85 miles above it is call- ed Montreal River. Utica, a town of Oneida co. N. York, on the S bank of the Mohawk River, 3 miles from Wbitefborough. This place, with Whitelborough and New-Hartford, form the townfliip of Whitcflown. Uti- ca flands on the fcite of Old Fort Schuy- ler, and is well fituatcd for trade, as the articles of commerce which pafs up and down the Mohawk, are landed here. It bids fair to be a place of great import- ance. Its increaiie has been remarka- ble. In the year 1794, there were only two houfes la this fpot. Now, (in 1804) it has feveral handfome flreets laid out and built with gt^nteel houfes, and large florcs, and contains about a,ooo inhabit- ants. Here is a large commodious hotel, of brick, two printing-offices, where newfpapers are printed that have an ex- cenfive circulation; alfo two bookflores. There is a bridge acrofs the Mohawk oppoGtc this town. Utrecht, New, a townfliip of N. York, King's cu. Long-Idand. It has a Dutch church, and contains 778 inhabitants. It is 7 or 8 miles fouthward of N. York city. •1, UxiriJ^f, V A L V A U CdmaxA and ca« (Tirginia, ipp^haa- ty i*oint, oi Fred- lond.and it (hip- d Indian tra-Scotia, nee of 8. on the N, , the cap- irana W, B river of m lat. %S I E to 8 E iguet, and :re broad- ' in other ;r Urvaiga, W parts. ;Bgucs, the oifc among ito the La iVyrcs. idc> Upper fcfus Lake, It receive* t 360 miles tc it ij call- , N. York. River, 3 Thi« place, Hartford, own. Uti- :on Schiiy- ade, at the U up and here. It eat import- remarka- werc only , (in 1804) ta laid out and large 500 inhabit- dious hotel, ces, where have an ex- bookftores. e Mohawk of N. York, has a Dutch abitant*. It I York city. Uxlridgii 'A t/tciiUgt, a towndiip of Maflachufelti, Worcefter co. 4 1 milet S W of Bofton. It wan taken from Mendon, and incorpo- rated in 1717, and Northbridge wa« af- tcrw^tdt taken from it. It contains 180 dwcl' .ng-houfet, and 1,404 inhabitants. It it buunded S by Rhode-lfland. Not far from ShoC'log Pond, in the S W part of the town, there is an iron mine which is improved to coofidcrahle advantage. V. r ACCAS, Caye, one of the Tortugat,or Florida Keyi, eallward of Bahia Honda ; the diftancc between them it 4 leagnes, and the coafl in its direction turnt to the northward. On the S fide of Cayo Vae- cat, about 8 miles from the W end, there are wellt of frefli water. A thick range of iflet go by thit name* Bahia Honda it in lat. n 35 N. yaecat called alfo the Cow*/, or Ifeat's Tongue, a low point on the W coaft of Chili, in S. America, which bounds the bay of Tonguey W. Fact*, or Cowt TJIand, lies on the S t-oaft of the fouthern peninfula of St. Domingo, and it about 4^ leagues long, and in the broadell part a leaeue and a half from N to S. The S point it 3 leaguet.E of Point Abacou ; and in lat. 18 4 N, and k>ng. from Parii 76 a W. It hat a very good foil, with a or 3 tolerable ports, and liet very conveniently for trade with the Spanifli colonies on the continent, and with Cayeane. The feamen call thit Afli Ifland, a corruption from Vafli, at it is pronounced. Vaeby it U Torrtau, or Cotv and Bull Rocks, on the S coaft of Newfoundland Ifl- and, are about a mile S E of Cape St. Ma- ry, which it the point between the deep hay of Placentia W, and St. Mary't Bay £. They are fair above wlter, but there are othert near them which lurk under water. Vae'i Ifland, Anthony, a fmall ifland on the £ coafl of Brazil, in S. America. It lies S of the fandy Rcceif, and nppofite, it it joined to the continent by ?. bridge. Va'ifeaux IJIanJ, on the'N j»or; of the Gulf of Mexico. ralaJoiid, or FdllaJolid, called i>y rhe Indians Comayagua, is the chief city of the province of Honduras, in New Spain. It is the feat of the Governor, and is a liifliop's fee fufTragan of Mexico, flncc the year 1558. It is on a plain, 30 miles W of the Gulf of Honduras, 170 S W of Truxillo, and 65 8 E of Merid.i. N Ut. 14 10, W long. J I »i. FiiUivh, Sec Baljlvia. Faltntin, a town in the province of Ca- racas, on Terra Firma, about 80 mile* N of Baraquicimeto, and 450 W of Cuma* UA, N lat. 10, W long. 67. Fiillty Fafgt, a place on Schuylkill Rivw er, tj miles from Philadelphia. Here Gen. Wafliington remained with his ar- my, in huts, during the winter of 1777, after the Britifh had taken poflcfTion of that city. Valtarttifo, a large and populous towa of Chili, in S. America, having a harbour forming the port of St. Jago, in lat. 33 z 36 S, and long 77 39 W. It is 390milci £ of the ifland of Juan Fernandei. From this port the principal part of the com- merce of the kingdom is carried on, on account of its central iituatinn. The dif- tance of this port from St. Jago was for- merly 30 leagues, but bv a new and ex- Kenfive road through (wamps and over ills, it is reduced to aa leagues. The diflance from St. Jago to Buenos Ayres it 30 dayt journey for the pofl ; after you paft tne Andet eaflward, the roid it through an entire defert, without l \f furt of vegetation, perfe«£Vly level, without even a hillock. Vancouver, Fancouvir's Fort, in Kentucky, flandt at the jundtion of the two branches of Big Sandy River, 20 mile* N of HArntar't Station, Fan Dyitt, Joff and lAltle, two of the fmalicr Virgin Iflands, N W of Tortola, N lat. 18 a.s, W long. 63 t$. Fmifiown, in the counrry of the Cher- okeet, on a branch of Alabama Rivrr. Fiife River, an, empties into the Mifli- fippi from the N E, _% mile* below the Great Rock, about 55 11 W by N of the mouth of the Ohio, and about the fame diflance N W of Fort Maflac. It is nav- igable into the Indiana Territory, ahout 60 miles, through a rich country, abound- ing in extenfive natural mcaciows, and numbcrlcfs herds of buflfaloe, deer, &c. It is about 8 miles above Cape St. Anto- nio. Vaffiilborough, a port town of Kennebcck CO. Maine, on the E lide of Kcnnclnclc River, about half way between Hallo- well and Winflow, 10 miles from Augul- ta, and 204 miles li by E of Eofton. It was incorporated in 1771, and contains 1,188 inhabitants. Vauclin Bay, on the E coaft of the ifland of Martinico. Vaudia Point forms the .<; fide \4 1" ■ * ii' ■V 'I ifi ts'i l.V) Ii V E N V E It J fide of Louis Bay, on the E coall of the fame ifland, Vavaoe, nite of the Friendly iHands in oth lake and ftrait. This city is defended by fcvcral forts, which were attacked in the laft century by Sir Henry Morgan, and the whole coaft laid under contribution, and Mara- caibo ranfomed. The province is about 100 leagues in length, and as much in breadth. It had its name from its fmail lagoons, %vhich make it appear like Ve- nice at the entrance of the lake. The Spaniards mafiacred above a million of the natives in 1528. In ijjo.the country was again depopulated ; when a great number of black flaves were brought from Africa, and was one of the princi- pal epochs of the introdura Par., a province pf the andieticf of Guatimain, and New Spain, in North America. It has th,* bay of Honduras and Chiapa N, Guatimal.i S, Honduras r, and Sociinulca, with pjit ot Chiapa W. It is 48 Itagues long, an2 littlf corti,. but abounding in cedar, &c. The prrof* cipal commodities aredrugs,cocoa,cottoo- wool, honey, &c. It* capital of the fame name, or Cohan, (lands on the W fide of a river which runs into Golfo Duke, 184 miles E of Guatiraala. N lat. 15 10, W long. 93 15. FtrJe, or Crein IJJand, on the N coaft of S. America, is at the mouth of the t'vt- er St. Martha. Verde Key, one of the Bahama Iflandiw N lat. aa ia,W long. 75 ij.' Firde, Porto, or Fedra, is on the N. At- lantic Ocean, about 4^ leagues S E by E of Rio Roxo. The illand of BIydones is at the entrance of this port, round whicU (liips may fail on any lide, there being 7 fathoms on the N, where it is llioalelt, and 20 fathoms on the S (ide, where i« the beft entrance into the river. This it a port of good trade, and fcmetimes large (hips put in here. The illands of Bayonne are 5 leagues Sof the ifland in the mouth of the^port. Vttderonne, OF La BourlarJerie, an ifland on the E cnafl of Cape Breton Ifland. It is 7 or 8 leagues long ; and at each end is a channel, through which the waters of the Labrador Lakes, in the inner part of Cape Breton Ifland, difcharge into the ocean on the £. Vere, a parifli of the ifland of Jamaica, having Manury Bay in it ; a very fecure road for fliipping. Fergennts, a poll town, and one of the mod growing and commercial towns of Vermont, \n Addifon co. on Otter Creek, about 6 miles from its mouth in Lake Chanaplain. It is regularly laid out, and contains a Congregational church, and a gHol. In its neighbourhood are feveial milh. It is II J miles N of Bennington, 22 S of Burlington, 407 N E by N of Phi- ladelphia, and 519 from Wafliington. The towndiip contains 516 inhahititnts. Feritiit, a fmall village, and Spanifli pl-.intation of New-AniUluiia, and Terrx Firma, S. Amerira. Its tobacco is reput- ed the bed in the world. It lies 60 milct F, of Ciimana. Fermeja^ or I'frmillion Bay, On the N iTioic cf the Gulf of Mexico, or coaft of L( uifiana. It is N W of Afcenlion Bay, in about lat. ,?o N, and long. 92 W. Ffrmejg, or B'rmtjo, an illaud and {rnti on the coad of Peru, a dcgrtcs N, an>l :i little W of Lima. It ij 4 leagues frf, and between long. 71 3a and 73 aj W. It is bounded N by 1,. Canada ; E by N. Hampfliirc, from which it is fcpa- rated by ConnetSlicut River ; S by Maf- fachnfetts ; and W by the State of N. York. No part of the State is nearer than 70 or 80 miles of any part of the ocean. Computing by the latitudes, the length of the State from the fouthern to the northern boundary is 157^ miles : the mean width from E to W is about 65 miles : this will give 10,337 J fquarc miles of land and water. It is divided into 1 1 counties, viz. thufe on Connecticut Kiv er from S to N arc Windham, Windfor, tlrange, Caledonia, and Eflex ; in a fimi- lar diredlion, along the N. York line, are the counties of Bennington, Rutland, Ad- (iil'on, Chittenden, and Franklin, between r.hich laft and Effex lies the county of Orleans, on the N hnt of the State. Thefe are fuhdivided into upwards of ajo town- fliips, which are generally ft miles fquare, a part of which w • granted by the governor of N. Hampiliire, and the oth- er part by Vermont. lu thofc townfliips granted by the former, a ri^jhr of land is t.efetvcd lor the firft fettled minifter, one as a glebe for the the Eptlcopal church, one for the fociety for propagating the g(ifpcl, and one for lutiport''>g » '<>"" kliool. In thole granttd by the latter, arc rciirvtd a college rij;ht, a right for the Aipport of county gi ammar-lchools, B right for the K.pporl of town fthools, and a right for tlie fnpport of the gofpcl. In ihtft ref(.iv.itii>iis, liUtial provilion is mude for the fuppoit of the golpel, and fur tl>e nromoiion oi" common and colle- giate tiUicatiur.. \i\ 1 8co, according; to |lu ceniii-t then takfii, the nuiiibtr cf in- hribitfutt in :UU i;!;*!f ^^^ J54 4^,'- '^"'"■' people are an indudrious, brare, hardy, adU'*! frugal race. The foil is deep, and of a dark colour, rich, moift, warm, and loamy. It bears corn, wheat, and other kiiids of grain, in large quantities, as foon as it is cleared of the wood, without any ploughing or prepariition ; and after the nrft crops, naturally turns to rich paf- turc or mowing. The face of the coun- try exhibits very different profpedU. Adjoining to the rivers, there are the wide cxtenlive plains of a fine level coun- try. At a fmall diflance from them, the land rifes into a chain of high mountains, interfe(5led with deep and longr vallics. Defcending from the mountams, the flreams and rivers appear in every part of the country, and afford a plentiful fup- ply of water. Through this State there IS one continued range of mountains, which are called the Gmn Mountaim, from their perpetual verdure, and gives name to the State. They extend from Lower Canada S, through the States of Vermont.Manachiifctts, and ConnedUcut, and terminate within a few miles of the fca-coaft. Their general diredlion is from N N £ to S S W, and their extent is through a tradt of country not lefs than 400 miles in length. They are generally from 10 to I j miles In breadth, arc much inteifedled with vallies, abound with fprings and dreams of water, and are covered with woods. Ktllington Feak, one of the highed of the Green Moontains, i» 3.454 feet above the level of the ocean. All the dreams and riyers of Vermont rife among the Green Mountains ; about 35 of them have an eaderly direiflion, and fail into Connedlicut River ; about aj run 'vederly, and pay tribute to Lake Champlain. Two or three running In the fame diretflion fall into HudK>n'8 River. In the north-eafterly parts of the State, 4 or 5 flrcams have a northerly dire«Aion, and difcharge their waters* into Lake Mcmphreniagog ; from thence through the river St. I<'rauc!8, they com- municate with the river St. Lawrence. The mod confidtriiblc on the W fide of the Green Mountains, are Otter Creek, Onion River, La Moille, and Michilcnui. On the £ fide of the Green Mountains, the rivers are not fo large as tliofe on the W, but they are r^iorc uumeroiis. The larged are Want.iftiqin.-k, or Weft River, White River and Pooulbonifuck. The earth is generally covered with fuow from the middle ot Dtreniber to the middle ct March, .tnu in foiuc high lands. VIA VIC n, hardy, deep, and arm, and and other es,aifooQ thout any I after the rich paf- the coun- profpcA*. ■e are the eve\ coun- them, the nountains, ng vallies. itains, the :vcry part :ntiful fup- statc there mountains, Mountaini, , and gives xtcnd from e States of lonnetSticut, niles of the tion is from r extent is ot lefs than re generally K, arc much nund with , and are Mountains, f the ocean. »f Vermont lins ; about relation, and about «5 te to Lake running in Hudfon's parts of the a northerly itir waters rom thence they com- Lawrcncc- ; W fide of )tter Creek, Michilcoui. Mountains, thofe on the roiis. The Weft River, ifuck. The with fiiow ,btT Ui the t high lantJs, u ttt the depth of 4 or 5 feet. Since the courttry has besn cleared, the winters IiaVe proved milder. Vegetation advan- ces in tlie fpring with great rapidity. Iron and lead ores of feverui kinds, pipe clay, which has been wrought into durHbkcru* cibles, and vad quantities of white, grey, and variegated marble, have been found in different parts of tlus (latev The truc'cof Vermont is principally to Bofton, Port- land, Hartford and N. York ; to which places the inltabitant^i export hurfesi'Beef, pork, butter, cheefe, wheat, flour, iron, nails, pot and pcatl aflies. Great advan- tages tnay accrue to Vermont, from the manufadiures nf iron. Large quantities of iron ore are founU in feveral of the towns on the W fide of the Green Moun- tains. Tinmouth, Rutland, Pittsford, and Shoreham contain great quantitie!;. '(he ore in thefe towns is of a rc^dilli kind, mixed with earth, tindlnred with yellow ore. It m<s eafily, and produces from ont fourth to one ftventh of iinn. The iron is moIUy of a coldiliirc kiiid ; works eaiily, and makes excelleat nails. I'he principal part of the ore hitherto ufed, has been brought from a mountain on the W fide of Lake Champlain, about 4 miles N of Crown Point. Some grains of pure iron nearly as big as a pci have been found in this ore is fo rich, that, when well tnanaged, it will yield four fev- cnths of pure iron, but is vtry hr.rd to melt. In 179a feveral forges and furna- cci were ereded. In Bennington cr the bay approximates within 12 miles of the N eafti-rnmofl branch tft the Bay of Fundy. It is about 10 leagues N W of TataniMgauche Harbour, and fcrvcs in part 10 ftparate the Rritini provinces of Nova Scotia and New Bruni- wick. r,jp.l Bay, OD the E fliore of Lake Charnplain, ftts up N £ in the townlliip of Charlotte, in Vermont. yieiofuilfas, ifles of the Bay of Honda, en the coaft of Honduras, or tht Span idi Main. fiffori.i, a town of New Mcx'co. Vifioria, an ifland ou the co;;fl of Bra- zil, £ of St. SebaRian's Ifland. I'tiJnty, CofCs is the extreme N W point of the flraits of Magellan, at ilie opening to the S Pacipc Ocean. $ lat 52 ij, W Ion. 76 40. Viilory^ * VIN ITIN ViStry, a townfliip of Vermont, Efles CO. W of Ouildhall, on Connege,and at low water breaks at the mouth as on a fiat Oiorc ; fo that large Ihips andior within cannon fhot,but barks of about 40 tons may go up about a league and a half. The liarbour is a quarter of a league above the town. About a league to the vindward, is a large rock, generally cov- ered with vafi numbers of wild fowl. | Vinalhaven, u townfliip on the coafi of' Maine, Hancock (o containing 858 in- Jhabitants. It is S £ of Deer lllaod, and D^Q miles from Bofion. Vinceuna, the capital of the IndiflJte Territory, and the feat of government, fiands on the bank of the Wabafli, 150 miles from its mouth, in lat. 33 N. Its fituation is delightful, being furrounded by a prairie of 4 miles in length and one in breadth, mofi of which is cultivated by the inhabitants, the remainder is a hand- fomc meadow formed by nature, produc- ing good grafs. The foil here is inferior to none in the United States, yielding eor|)« rice, wheat, tobacco, hemp, hops,, grapes, &c. The Wabafli is navigable, moil of the year as far as this place, and about 20 milts below the town is a ripple, where mills may be built, i'u that the far- mer may have his wheat manufadtured on his way to N.Orleans; which is a good market fur all kinds of produce. Com- merce centers here ; the merchants bring their goods from Canada, down the Wa- bafli, from Orleans up the Miffifippi, and from the eaficrn Hates, down the Ohio and up the Wabafli. It has 7 14 inhabit- ants. It i» a pod town 743 miles from Wafliiugtun. The fort fiands on the E fide of Wabafli river. It was eredtcd in the year 1787, in order to repel the in- curuons of the Wabafli Indians, and to fecure the wefiern lands from intruding fettlers. It has 4 fmall brafs canaon, and is garrifoned by a Major and a companies. The town of Vincents contained, ia 1792, about 1500 fouls, principally of French extra cd into 90 counties, which follow ; TABLE ii ^m u u ml VIB. ViR T A B L K. II W'Jl "/the BUeB'ig*. Cfl'mtier. <. t.i Ohio Hampfliire Mdnongalia Berkly Waihington b'rederick MontgumerT Shenandoah ■W, the Kockfngham Botetourt Augufta Greeubriar Rockbridge Kanawa Bettueen the Blut Ridg eanitbe fide Water t. Lnudoua Henry Fauquier I'itifylvania Culpepper Halifax Spotfylvania Charlotte Orange Prince Edward Louifa Cumbeiland Goochland. Powhatan Flavaiiia Amelia Albemarle Nolaway Ainherft lAinenbarg Bedford Mecklenburg Buckingham til iinfwick Bit-ween Jamet i 'iter and Cirolina. Grccnfville Southampton Dinwiddle Ide of Wight Chefterfield N*nfemond Princefi George Norfolk Surry Princcb Ann Suflcx Betvften yamis i mfTori Riven. ' Henricq Williamfburg Hano\er York New Kent Varwick Charles City Elizibetti City j James City i Betvietn Tdri end I 'affiabanfidei Rivers. | Caroline Eflex 1 King William Middlefex \ King and Queen Glouccftcr Between Rafpabannoci and Pato-wmae Riv- tt 1 Tairfaz 't. 1 Richmond Prince Williatn Wtftmoreland Stafford Northumberlan4 King George Lancader Eafien ' f-bore. ! Accomac Northampton i NexuC o'intiet. Campbell Vlidifon Franklin iVIatlews Harrifoa Piitrick Randolph Wo.)d Hardy Lee Nottoway Pendleton Rufitl Grayfon Munroc The inhabitants ar e534'3^9<> frw» *°^ 345,796 flave*. ' In an extenfive country, it will be txpet^ ed that the climate is not the Tame in all its p trts. It is remarkable that, proceed- ing • wardly, the climate becomes colder in like manner as when you proceed north* wardly. This continues tu be the cafe till you attain the fummit of the Allegha- ny. From thence, rlefccndiug in the fame latitude to the MilFifippi, the change reverfes ; and, if we may believe travel- lers, it becomes warmer there than it is in the fame latitude on the fea fide. Their teftimony is (Irengthened by the vegeta- bles and animals which fubfif^ and multi- ply there naturally, and do not on the fea coali Thus catalpas grow fpontancr oufly on the MifllQppi, as far as the lati- tude of 3 7, and reeds as far as 38. Par- roquets even winter on the Scioto, in the 39th degree of latitude. The S W winds, £ of the n>ountains, are mod predom- inant. Next to (hefe, on the fea coafl, the N E aud at the mouutaius, the N \V wi ids prevail. The N E is loaded wiik vapoui , infpmuph that the fait manufac- turers have found that their cryftals would not flioot while tjiat blows ; it oc- cafious a diflrefllng chill, and a heavinefi and deprelBon of the fpirits. The N W is dry, cooling, eladic and animating. The E and S E breezes come on generally in the afternoon. They have advanced into the country very fenfibly within the memory of pquple now living. Mr. JefTerfon reckons the extremes of heat and cold to be 98 above, and 6 bilow o, in Farenheit's Thermometer. The months of June and July, thoagh often the hotted, are the moft hea'thy in the ypar. The weather i^ then idry and lefs liable to change than in Augud and September, when the rain pommfpces, and fuddea variations take place. On the fea poaft, tlie land is low, genetaliy within 12 feet of the level of the fea, interfeine amcthyfts, and one emerald have been difcovertd. Every able bodied free- man, between the ages of 16 and 50, is en> rolled in the militia. Thofc of every county are formed into companies, and thefe again into one or more battalions, Recording to the numbers in the county. ' "f hey are commanded by Colonels and pther fubordinate officers, as in the reg- ular fervice. In every couivty is a coun- ty lieutcnayit, who commands the whole thilitia in his county, but ranks only as a Colonel in the field. They have no gen- leral officers always exining. Thefe are ftppointed occafionally, when an invalion or infurredlion happens, and their com« inifTion ceaffs with the occafiop. The Gqveraor is head of the military as web as civil power. The law requires every militia man to provide himfelf with the arm* ufual in the regular fervice The in- terfc See (JuamjKjfa, its molt common name. VuLunii JJland, between Swallow Ifland and Santa Cruz, about 8 leagues N oi the latter, in the Pacific Ocean, in which Mcii- dana, in 1595, faw a volcano, which flam- ed continually. S lat. 10 30. f'aluntoxvitfA towulliip ou the E lint- of Conne«Sicut, Windham tO. E of Plaiufield, 19 N E of Norwich, ami a6 S W of Pj ovi- doncc. It was fettled in 1696, havir.g been granted to voluntctrs in the t.uw;i- ganlec war ; hence its name, it w^s incorporated in 1 719, it has a large Iwanp abounding with white piiic, luilicitnt to fupply the neighbouring towns with ma* tcrials for building. Inhabitants 1119. W rr ABASH, is a beautiful navigable river, of the Indiana 'lerritory, which runs a S W and fouthern courfe, and cmp« ties into the Ohio, by a mouth 270 yards wide, in lat. 37 j6 N, 168 miles from the mouth of the Ohio, and 1032 miles below Fittfburg. In the fpring, fummcr, and autumn, it is paE'able in battcaux and bar- ges, drawing about 3 feet water, 412 miles tuOuiatanon ; and for large canoes 197 miles furthcTito the Miami carrying place,* 9 miles from Miami village. This viU lage (lands on Miami river which emp- ties into the S W part of Lake Erie. The communication between Detroit and the Illinois and Ohio countries, is up Miami R. to Miami village, thence by land 9 miles, when the rivers are high, and from 1 8 to 30 when they are low, through a level country to the Wabafh, and through the various branches of the Wabafh to the places of dcfUnation. The land on this river is remarkably fertile. A filver mine has been difcovered abaut 28 miles above Ouiatanon, on the northern fide of the Wabafh. Salt fprings, lime, free flone, blue, yellow, and white clay, are found in plenty on this river. The copper mine on this river, is perhaps the richeft vein of native copper in the bowels of the whole earth. See Vuutnntt and Ouiatu- non. Waiafi, Little, runs a courfe S S E, and falls into the Wabafh, 10 miLa from the Ohio. IVacbvuia, or DoWi Parijh, a tradt of land in N. Carolina, between the £ fide of Yadkin river, and the head waters of Haw aad Deep rivers, couUAipg of about lOO.COft '^'\ % W A t WAL 100,000 acre<, partly in fitoVe* and Surry counties. The United JJrethren, or M«- raviant, purchal'ed thii trad): of Lord Granville, in 1751, Rm^ called it Wacho- VSa, after the name of an cftate of Count Zinxcndorf, in Germany. In 1 75J, it was made a fcparntc parini, and named DobbN, b" the legiilature. 'Ihe fettlemcnt of Cethabara, wa* begun in 1 753, by a num- ber of the brethren from Pennfylvania. Salem, wiiicii i.i the principal fettlement, commenced in T766, and is inhabited by a number of ingenious tradefmen. This thriving p iriHi liek about 10 miles S cf Pilot M'jut.tain, and contains 6 churches. Waebjuiil.tufj, an ancient Moravian fet- tlemcnt ill Conne<5licut, on Stratford riv- er ; 13 miles from its mouth. lVachufJMntintiiin,\n the towD of Prince- ton, Maiiiacliufetts, may be fcen in a clear horizon, at the diftance of 67 miles, l>ein2 3989 feet above the level of the Tea. IVadeJhartugb, tli« chief town of Anfon CO. in Fayetteviils dinridt, N. Carolina. It conttiins a court houfe. gaol, and about 30 hoMfe«, and being feated on a lofty hill, is both picafint and healthy. It is 76 miles W by S of Riycttcville, 50 S E by S •f Salifbury, and 407 from Wafliington. Wjdmtlaiv,3ia\\\?si& near Ch^rIeflon,S. Carolina. By a bridge over a fmall creek it is joined to John's ifland. Wadfioortb,^ tovirn of N. York, Ontario CO. on the E bank of GenefTte river. tVadkam IJIands, near the N E coaft of Newfoundland Ifland. N lat. 49 57, W lon.J3 37. Wager^s Strait, or R'tv:r, in New N. Wales, in N. America, lits in lat. 65 23 N, and is about a or 3 miles wide. At 5 or 6 miles within its entrance, it is 6 or 8 leagues wide, having fevdal idands and rocki in the middle. It has foundings from 16 to 30 and44 fathoms; andthe land 0.1 both fideii is as high (.'•ccording to Cap- tain Middleton's account) as any in Eng- land. Savage Sound, a fmall cove or har- bowr, fit for (hips to anchor in, lies on the northern fhore, 13 or 14 leagues up the flrait, in Ion. 87 18 W. All the coun- try from Wager's Strait to Seal river, is in fome maps called New Denmark. Capt. Monk was fent thither, in 1610, by the king of Denmark, and wintered at a place called Monk's Winter Harbour, in lat. 63 ao N, which muft be a little N of Rankin's Inlet. When Capt. Ellis was in this lat. the tide ran at the rate of from 8 to 10 leagues an hour. He compare! it to the lIuiceofamilL tVMl'fuUtXhe S cafternmod townfhip of Chittenden CO. Vermont, containing 473 inhabitants. fViiit's JRlvtr, rifes In Orange co. Ver- mont, and empties into Connecticut riv- er, at Bradford. fV.ijnmial, an Indian town on Sufque- hannah river, about 400 miles from its mouth. In thefpringof 1736, the Indians fliot % feaU here, and they could not fiif- /iclently exprefs their aftonifliment at the light of thefo animals unknown to them. IVute, -.tn inland co. of Hillfborough dif- tria, N. Carolina ; bounded N W by Orange, and E ;ind S E by Johnfon. It contains 12,768 inliabitanis, including 3906 (laves. Chief tov/n. Raleigh. f",:iefeU, formerly Eafttozvi, and W/ttir- town, a townfliip of Stratford co. N. Hamp- fliire, E of Wolf borough, incorporated in '•7'/ 4- It contains 835 inhabitants. In the N E part is •> pond which is the fource of P fcat.iqna river. Waiiamatv, a beautifnl lake, a6 miles in circuit, in Bladen co. N. Carolina. The lands on its E fide are fertile, and the lit- uation delightful gradually afcending from the flioies ; bounded on the N W by vaft rich fwamps, fit for rice. This lake is the fource of a fine river, of the fame name, and runs a foutherly courfe, for 70 or 80 miles, and empties into Winyaw Bay, at Georgetown, in S. Carolina. Walden, a townfhip of Vermont, Cale- donia CO. having Danville on the S £. It cpntaiiis 153 inhabitants. Witldohorough, a poft town and' port of entry in Maine, in Lincoln co. 12 miles S by W of Warren, 10 E bv S of Newcrtf- tie, 20 E of Wifcaflet,'and'683 from Walhington. Mulkongiti river runs near- ly through the middle of the town. Ihis is the port of entry for the diilridk, lying between the towns of Camden and North- port ; and all the fhoren and waters from the middle of Damarifcotta river to the S W fide of the town of Northport. The townfliip of Waldoborough was incorpo- rated in 1773, and contains 151 1 inhabit- ants. See Mvjlongus. Waldo Patent, a tra Soutb, a country of vaft ex- tent, but little known, lying round the fouthern part of Hudfon's Bay. V^attt New Ncrtb, an extenfive territo- ry of N America ; having Prince Wil- liam's Land N, part of Baflin's Bay E, and feparatcd fi!paratti river Urates, Ti miles iioflon. HTalhai ern br.inc month of Delaware ianlndiFr Walhr. Qiicen CO ington. tVall, i 5795.3 re ill the neij Carolina, a confider; of a mile, 1 a mile, fro " and a h Atlantic C miles. Its I Since its di been made depth, and compofed. below the generally ri as it finks, wall, to the pearance o The thickr 2 feet. Its ed ; but fro bee!i funk, more than parallel wit Above the [ line. It the circle, for ceeda in a r or 7 feet ou face, on cac even ; all th and ihape. of a conimoi than the ei large [tones ; the wall ; tJ great numbe terftices beti the ftone iso cnt from any One quarry, \ the wall of a cement is of i *o contain n €d, yields iroi covery of thi Vol.! iflvip at ng 473 :o. Vcr- cut rit- Sufque- from it» > Indians not ftif- nt at the ) them, jugh dif- I W by nfon. It ncludin]^ li. id Ifntr- ij. Hamp- orated in ant». In he fource 16 mites ina. The id the lit- idiiigfrom W bjr vaft lake it the ime name, 70 or 80 w Bay, at ont, Cale- SE. It port of 1 miles S Newc:«f- 683 fTor^j runs ncar- wn. lliis Iridk, lying ndNortV aters from r to the S tort. The incorpo- I inhabit* id forming Maine, and river and of vaft es- round the ve territo- rince Wil- Bay E, and feparatcd WAL J't!paratcd from New S. Wales, 8 by Seal rivcT tFafft,& plantation in Lincoln co. Maine, t.r miles N E of I'ortiand, and 180 from iioflon. It contains 366 inliabituntN. WalhaWmg, the Indian name of an caft- ern brancli of Muricingum river, at the noutli of which ftood Uofchachgucnk, a Delaware town, and fcttlcmcnt of Ciirid- ian Indie ns. IVaUtrtoii, a poll town in King and Queen co. Virginia, i JO miles from Wafti- ington. IVall, SiiL'trran.'ous. About the year 179J, a remarkable wall was dUcovered, in the neighbourhood of Sali/biiry. in N. Carolina. Itsdiftance from Third Creek, a conliderable ftream, is about one quarter of a mile, from the S. Yadkin river about a mile, from the Oreat Yadkin river about 7. and a half, or 3 miles ; and from the Atlantic Ocean not left than 160 or 170 miles. Its diret^ion is nearly II W and S E. Since its difcovery various attempts have been made to afcert^in its length, breadth, depth, and the materials of which it is compofed. Its top is at unequal diftances, below the furface of the earth ; though it generally rifcs as the furface riles, and finks as it (inks. A pit has been dug befide the wall, to the depth of 47 feet, but no ap- pearance of its termination downwards. The thicknefs is uniformly the fame, viz. a feet. Its length has not been afcertain- ed ; but from the place where the pit has been funk, the w;kil is known to extend more than 100 feet down the lull, and parallel with a branch which runs near. Above the pit it extends i jofeetin a direct line. It then forms a fegment of a large circle, for about 15 feet, and then pro* ceeda in a right line, parallel with, but 6 or 7 feet out of its firft diretflion. '^i'he face, on each fide the wall, ns fmooth and even; alltheftones of an irregular fize and fhape. The largeft are near the fize of a common brick, the fmalleft not larger than the end .of a man's thumb. The large ftones are all laid lengthwife, acroft the wall ; the fmall, of which there is a great number, are ufed to fill up the in- terftices betweeu them. The texture of the fttme is of a peculiar kind, and diiFer- cnt from any in the neighbourhood, except one quarry, whu!i is atthediftance from the wall of about one half of a mile. The cement is of a whitifli colour, an4 appears to contain much lime ; but when analyz- ed, yields iroa without any linjc. The dif- cov«ry of this wall, which caa fcar^ly be Vol.1. Kkkk WAL thought a natural produiftion, feemi to ftrengthen tl>e opinion of thofe who be* lieve that this weftern world has once be- fore been inhabited by a civilized people, or, atleaft vifitcd oftcner than hiftory in« forms us of, and prior to its authenticated difcovery by Columbus. Or it may be con-« fidered as a proof of the Mofaic account. IFjllingforJ, a townfliip of Vermont, Rutland co. E of Tinmouth. It contains 912 inhabitants. lyallincfurJ, a pleafant port town of Connc(Slicut, N. Haven co. 13 miles S W of Middleton, and 13 N E of New Ha- ven, 'ihis townlhip, called by the In- dians Ci^iriiiiLiiuc^e, was fettled m 1671 ; is divided into two pariflics, and con- tains 3214 inh:)bitantj. It is 12 miie« long, and 7 broad. Iryatlei'fi'ille, a poft town in Hancock co. Georgia, 729 mills from Wafliington. IfjlUill, a rlvtT of Orange co. N. York. It is a flujrgilh ftream, 40 or 50,000 acres of land on its banks, being overflow- ed, a conliderable part of the year, which expofcs the inliabitants of the vicinity to intermittent feveri. It is fuid that the channel might t My be fo dccptnid,HS to prevent the lands from being drowned, and the people from fickncfs. JVjllim, a towndup of N. York, Or- ange CO. on the creek of its n-jmc, nbout I? milts N by E of Goflien, ii W of Newburgh,and ^s8 N W of N. York city. It contains J592 inhabitants. IValtiut Cove, This is a beautiful traifk of 8 or io,oco acres of land, at the low- er end of Powell's Valley, bounded N W by Cumberland Mountain, and S W by Crofs Mountain, running from the Cum- berland almoft at right angles, 8 or 9 miles long, very fteep, high and regular. Thefc mountains afford to^ihc inhabitants of the Cove a moft romantic profpedt. It con- tains fome elegant filuation^ IViilnut Hills, are on the E bank of the MlfTifippi river, in the Mifnfippi Terri- tory, a little S of the mouth of Yazoo riv- er, in lat. 33 20 N, and Ion. 15 45 W of Philadelphia. Fortifications to a confid- erable extent were creAcd here by the Spaniards before the place was given up to the Americans. This poft is a very important one, and capable of being made very ftrong. Here were, iu 1800, 80 in- habitants. IVjllnomfihiici, a fmall branch of Hoo- fack river, Vermont. Ifall^aci, a townfliip in Suftex co. N. Jerfcy.on Delaware river, about 11 miles Wef , H.ll WAP WAR W of Newtown, and 50 N W of Brunf- wick. It contHiacd, in 1790, 496 iiihalv itan:s. H'alpolt, a pod town of N. Hampdiirc, ClieOiiro CO. on tlie caftern fide of Con- tie^tlciit river, 11 milea S of Charlcflowrn, 14 N W by N of Kecnc, 108 W of I'ortf- mouih, and 475 from W^illungtoa. The lownihip contains 174J inliHbitantii. H^al/>oL;'-4 townfitip of M.ifTjchurcttA, Morfolkco. on the great roa'i to Provi- dence, and 20 miles S W of Boflon. It rri\% incorporated in 1724, and containo ^iif inhabitants. IVj//'i»gb^im, Ci/>e, is on tljc E fide of Cumberland's Ifland, in Iludfon's Straits. N bt. 6a 39, W Ion. 77 s^• High water, at full and chang::, at it o'clock. Ifiillfjiim, a tokvnlhip of Mali'iichtifctts, Middlefcx co. it miles N WorBofloii. It wa^ incorporated in 1737, and contains 93.; inhabitants. U'^altbtim, or iV.jI'i/im, a villaf»e in Hen- rico CO. Virginia, on the N lidc of James' river, 4 mitis N W of Richmond. IValtou, where is 1 pod ofHcc, in Dela- ware CO. N. York, 447 miles from Walli- in^ton. tV,i/;i/>iiiiei,an Indian tribe, allies of the HiiroiiH. H'aiinfpatiicict River, rifei in Glouccftcr, Rhode Illand, and falls into Providence river -. mile and a half N W of Wcybof- f«'t hridjje. Upon this liver fornuTly flood ths only powder mill in this State, and within one mile of its mouth there arc a flitting mill, 2 paper mills, 2 grid mills with 4 run of ftoncs, an oil mill, and a f.Mv mill lFait(io,7\ fliort, broad river of S. Caro- lina, which rifes in Chatltflnn diflritfl, and empties into Cooper's river, a few miles above Charledon. Hr.ittooactte, an idand in the S. Pacific Ocean, about 2 miles in extent from S E to N W. It is about 10 miles at N W by W from the N end of Watcehoo Illand. ffanta^e.si townlliip near the N W cor- ner of N. Jerl'cy, Suflcx co. 15 miles north- erly of Newtown. It contained, in 1790, 1700 inhabitants. IVutttiiJli,:, the original name of W. riv- er, Vermont. IVxippttcamo River, a large S branch of Patowmac river, which it joins in lat. ,^9 ,•^9 N, where the latter was formerly known by the name of Cohongoronto. Ifupuroajran IJlands, on the Labrador ('oad, lie between lat. 50 and 50 5 N, and between lun. 59 S5 ii'td 60 30. W. U^arJ, » townfliip of Maflachufett?, Worccftcr CO. j milts 8 of Worccftcr, and contains 532 inhabitants. IVardjhoroHgh, a townlliip of Vermont, Windham co. C2 or 15 miles W of Put. ney, and 17 N E of Hcnnington, and con- tains 1484 inhabitants. WunlJhriJgr, a port town of N. York, Orange co. on the Wallkill, 10 miles N of OoHicn, 36 S by W of Kingfton. It con- tains about 40 compact houfes and an academy. Ifatv, a fmill river of MafTachufetts which originate!) in a pond in Gerry, in Worccftcr co. and in Peterfliam it re- ceives Swift river, and receiving Quaboag river, wliioh conies from Brookncld, it thence allumis the name of Chicabee, and falls into Conneillicut river at Springfield. Its courl'c is S and S W. IVare, a townlliip of Maflachurettf, in Hamplliire co. incorporated in 1761, and contains 997 inhabitants. It is 15 miles N E of Springfield, and 80 W of Boflon. IVurehamft pofl town of Maflachufetts, Plymouth co. at the head of Buzzard's Bay, on the W fide, 60 miles S by E of Boflon. It was incorporated in 1739, ^^^ contains 770 inhabitants. N lat. 4145, W Ion. 70 40. ff^arminjler, a fmall pofl town of Vir- ginia, on che N fide of James' river, in Aniherfl CO. about 90 miles above Rich- mond. It contains about 40 houfes, and a tobacco warehoufe. It is 21 miles from Charlottefville, and 188 from Wafhing- ton. There is alfo a towafliip of this name in Buck's county, Pcnniylvania. IVurM Spring, a ridge of mountains hears this name, a part of the Alleghany Mountains, N W of the Calf Paflure, and famous for warm fprings. The mofl efll- cacious of thefe, are 2 fprings in Augufla, near the foucces of James* river, where it is called Jackfon's river. They rife near the foot of the ridge of mountains,general • ly called the Warm Spring Mountains, but in the maps Jackfon's Mountains. The one is diflinguiflied by the name of th^ Warm Spring, and the other of the Hot Spring. The Warm Spring iflTues with a very bold flream, fufficieut to work a grifl mill, and to keep the waters of its bafon, which is 30 feet in diameter, at the vital warmth, viz. 96° of Fareinheit's ther- mometer. The matter with which thefe waters is allied is very volatile ; its fmell indicates ittabc fulpnyreous,a8 alfo does the circumftance of turning filver black. .They relieve rhcumatil'mi. Other com- plainti WAR WAR .-■"i Ehiatn ilfo of very riifFrrent nature* have rcn removed or iLlVmcd by them. It rains hcte 4 or 5 iluyt in every week. The Hut Spring it about 6 milci Irom the Warm, i» much iintillcr, and Iuj been To liot a> to have boiled an eg^. Some be- lieve its dtgree of heat to he iefl'encd. It raifei the mercury in Farcinhcit'i ther- mometer to 1 11°, which i« fever heat. It fometimti relieve! where the Warm Spring faili. A fountain of common water ilTu- ing witliin a few inches of iti margin, give* it a fingular appearance. Comparing the temperature of thcfe witli tliat of tltc hot fpringt of Kamfchatka, of whicli Krach- tnnlnikow gives an account, the diiT'^rencc is very great, the latter raifmg the i..-r- cury to 3CO degrcer, wliich is within 11 degrees of boiling water. Thcfe fprings are very much leforted to, in fpite of a total want of accommodation for the lick. Their waters are flrongeft in the hotted months, which occafions their being vif- itedin July and Augud principally. The •Sweet Springs in the county of Botetourt, at the eadern foot of the Alleghany, are about forty two miles from the Warm Springs. IVarner, a towndtip of N. Hampfliirci Hilllhorough co. It was incorporated in 1774, and contains 1569 inhabitants. IVarren, a townfliip in Vermont, lying in two tratfts, one in Addifon co. adjoin- ing Lincoln, and the other in Eflex co. adjoining Norton. It contains 59 inhab- itants. IVarren, a port town in Albemarle co. Virginia, 178 miles from Wafliington. IVarren, a thriving pod town and the chief in Trumbull co. Ohio, 341 miles from Wafliington, and 76 N W from Pittf- burgh. It has a gaol, about 230 inhab- itants, who emigrated from New England, and fome other States. IVarren, a county of Halifax difti iit» ants ; bounded W by Crawford and Eric, N by N. York, E by Lycoming, and S by Venango. Chief town, M'^arren. IVsrren, a county of Kentucky, bounded E by Barren county, N by H.iidin, N W by Ohio co. W by Logan, and S by Ten- elfee. It is interfedled by Great Barren river. The inhabitants are 4645, of whom 417 are Haves. Warren t Fnint, on the coaft of Nova Scotia, is on the E fide of Chebu IVaJh'tn^lon, a county of Maryland, on the weAern lliore ut Chcfapcak Bay ; bounded N by the State of Pennfylvania ; E by Frederick co. from which it is divid- ed by S. Mountain ; S W by Patowmack river, which divides it from Virginia, and W by Sideling Hill Creek, which i'cparatC3. It from Alleghany co. This is called the garden of Maryland, lying principally between the North and South Mountains, and includes the rich, fertile, and well cul- tivated valley of Conegochcague. Its dreams furnilli excellent mill feats, and the lands are thought to be the mod fer- tile in the State. Limcflone and iron ore are found here. Furnaces and forges have been eredtcd, and coniiderablc quan- tities of pig and bar iron are maunfadtur- ed. Chief town, Elizabeth Town. It contains 18,850 inhabitants and 2200 be- ing flavei. tVaJbin^toH, a CO. of Virginia ; bounded E and N E by Wythe ; N W by Ruffcl ; S by the State of N. Carolina, and W by Lee. It is watered by the dreams which /orm Holfton, Clinch and Powell's rivers. There is a natural bridge in tliis county fimilar to that in Rockbridge county. It is on Stock Creek, a branch of Pelefon river. It contains 8357 free inhabitants, and 817 flavcs. Chief town, Abingdon. IVaJhington, a c&uaty of the Miflilippi Territory coutaiuing 1250 inhabitants, of whom 497 are (laves. Wajbiitgtan, a CO. of N. Carolina contain- ing %iGs inhabitants of whom 645 arc (laves ; at the court houfe there is a poll oilice. IVaJhin^ton, formerly a diftrisfl of the Upper Country of S. Carolinn, perhaps the moll hilly and mountainous in the State. Now divided into Greenville, and Pendleton didriii^s, which fee. A number of old deferted Indian towns of the Cherokee nation, are frequently met with on the Keowee river, and its tributa- ry Arcams which water this country. Wajhinsrtou, a county of Kentucky, bounded K E by Mercer, N W by Nclfon, S E by Lincoln, and W by Hardm. Con- taining 8887 inhabitants ;i38abcing (laves. H^afiingtoa, a county of Teneffee. Wafli- ington college is eAablifhed in this county by the legiHature. It contains 6377 in- habitants, of whom 533 are (laves. Wajhington, a county of the State of Ohio, eredled in 1788 within the follow- ing boundaries, viz. beginning on the bank of the Ohio where the weAcrn line of Pennfylvania croflTes it, and running v4th that lioo to Lake Erie ; thence ^long the fouthern fhore of that lak« to ]lie mouth of Cayahoga river, and up that river to the portage between it and the Tulcarawa branch of Muflcingum ; thence down that branch to the forks of the croft- ing place above Fort Lawrence ; thence with a line to be drawn weAeriy to the portage on that branch of the Big Miami, on which the fort Aood which w:ti taken from the French in 175a, until it meets the road from the Lower Shawancfe town to Sandulky ; thence S to the Sciota R. to the mou:I#, and thence up the Ohio to the place of beginning. It has Gncc been di- vided, andnow contains 5427 inhabitants. ^•^.//Z/«^/c», a county of the U. Diftriifk of Georgia, which contains 15 towns and 10,300 inhabitants, including 2668 flavcs. Fort Fidus is lituated in the wefternmoft part of the county on the £ branch of Alatamaha river. The county is bound- ed on the N E by Ogcechee river. Num- bers have removed here from Wilkes co. to cultivate cotton in preference to tobac- co. This produce, though in its infan- cy, amounted to 2o8,ocolbs. weight in 1 79 J. Chief town, Golphinton. n'ujbington, a town in Scott co. Ken- tucky, has 5 70 inhabitants. Wojhington, a town of Beaufort co. N. Carolina, containing 601 inhabitants. IVaJkington, a townfliip of Vermont, Orange co. i a miles W of Bradford, and contains 510 inhabitants. IVoJhingtctt, a townfliipof MalTachufctts, in Bcrkfhire co. 7 miles S E of Piltsiicld, 8 E of Lenox, and 145 W of BoAon. It was incorporated in 1777, and contains 914 inhabitants. Wi;/j;'jiif/(j«,a townfliipof N. York, Dutcli- efs CO. bounded S by Beukman, and W by Poughkeeplie and Clinton. It contains 2666 inhabitant.';. M^ti/ii/igion,&pi)(i town of N.H.impfliire, Chtfliire co. firA called Camden. It was incorporated in 1776, and contains 819 inhabitants ; it is 12 or 14 miles E of Charlcdown. IVaJhington, a townfliip of Conncdlicut, in Litchlield co. about 7 miles S W of Litchfield. It has 1568 inhabitants. IViiJbir^ton Parljh, in Virginia, on the Patowmac, about 50 miles from its mouth. Here the Grandfather of Gen. Walhing- ton, when he came from England in 1657, took up an cxtcniive tradt of uncultivat- ed land. Here is the feat of Col. Walh- ington, nephew of the (Jeneral, and here with pride are (hewn the ruins of the houfe where IV.iJbingtoiif " the Man of the Age" Via.'< born. A number of Gcatlcmea • have |i|rl !i: m WAS WAS have it ia contemplation to ere A a mon< ument on the fpot. W.iJbingtoH, a port of entry and port town of N. Carolina, in Beaufort en. on the N fide of Tar river, in lat. 35 30 N, 90 miles from Ocrecock Inlet, 40 from the mouth of Tar river, 61 S S W of Ed- enton, 38 N by E of Newhern, 131 N E by N of Wilmington, 460 from Philadel- phia, and 31 1 from Wafliington City. It contains a court houfe, gaol, about So houfes,and 601 inhabitants, from this town are exported tobacco of the Peterf- burg quality, pork, beef, Indian corn, peas, beans, pitch, tar, turpentine, rofin, &c. alfo pine boards, fliingles, and oak ftaves. About 130 veflels enter annually at the cuftom houfe in this town. The exports for a year, ending the 30th of September, 17941 amounted to 33,684 dollars. Wajh'mgten, a poft town of Kentucky, and the capital of Mafon county, about 3 miles S by "N of the landing at Limedone, on the S fide of Ohio river. It contains about 100 houfes,and 570 inhabitants ; a Prefbyterian church, a handfome court houfe and gaol ; and is fad incrcafing in importance. It is 6z miles N E of Lex- ington, 75 N E by E of Frankfot t, 700 S W by W of Philadelphia, and 488 from Walhington City. N lat. 38 40, W Ion. 84 3»- IVaJbingtoH Court Houfe, m S- Carohna, is 10 miles from Greenville, and 16 from Pendleton. Wajhlngton, a poft town of Georgia, and the capital of Wilkes co. 50 miles N W by W of Augulta, j8 N by W of Louifvillc, 48 from Grecnfborough, and 646 from Wafliington city. It flands on the weft- ern fide of Kettle Creek, a N branch of I.ittle river, which empties into Savannah river from the £, about 36 miles E of the town. It is regularly laid out, and con- tained in 1788, 34 houfes, a court houfe, gaol, and academy. The funds of the academy amount to about 800I. Ilerling, and the number of ftudents to between 60 and 70 On the £ fide of the town, a mile and a half diftant, is a medicinal fpring, which rifes from a hollow tree 4 or 5 feet in length. The infide of the tree is covered with a coat of matter an inch thick, and the leaves around the fpring are incrufted with a fubftance as white as fnow. N lat. 33 la. WafilngtoH City, in the territory of Co- lumbia, was ceded by the State of Virginia and Maryland to the Uaked State, and by them eftabliflied as the feat of their government, after the year i8oo. This city flands at the junAion of the river Patowraack, and the Eaftern Branch, lat. 38 53 N, extending nearly 4 miles up each. For although the land in general appears level, yet by gentle and gradual fwellings, a variety of elegant profpc»Sts are produced, and a fuHicient defcent formed for convcyiflg off the water occa- iloned by raiu. Within the limits of the city are a great number of excellent fprings ; and by digging wells, water of the befl quality may readily be had. Be- fide, the never failing (Ircams that now rnn through that territory, may alfo be cnllcfted for the ufe of the city. The wa- ters of Reedy Branch, and of Tiber Creek, may be conveyed to the Prefident*s houfe. The fource of Tiber Creek is elevated about 236 feet above the level of the tide in faid Creek. The perpendicular height of the ground on which the capitol (lands, is 78 feet above the level of the tide in Tiber Creek. The water of Tiber Creek may therefore be conveyed to the capi- tol, and after watering that part of the city, may be dcftined to other ufeful pur- pofes. The Eafiern Branch forms a fafc and commodious harbour, being fufficient- ly deep far the largcfi fliips, for about 4 miles above its mouth, while the channel lies clofe along the bank adjoining the city, and affords a large and convenient harbour. The Patowmack, although only navigable for fmall craft, for a copfidera- ble diftance from its banks next the city, (excepting about half a mile above the jund):ion of the rivers) will neverthelefs afford a capacious fummer harbour ; as n great number of (hips may ride in the great channel, oppofite to, and below the city. The fituation of this metropolis is upon the great poft road, equi difiant from the northern and fouthem extremities of the Union, and nearly fo from the Atlan- tic and Pittfburg, upon the beft naviga- tion, and in the midft of a commercial territory, probably the richeft, and com- manding the moit exfenfi^e internal re- fource of any in America. Ji has there- fore many advantages to recommend it, as an eligible pl«ce for the permanent feat of the general government. The jrfan of this city appears to contain fome import- ant improvements upon that of the beft planned cities in the world, combining, in a remarkable degree, convenience, regu- larity, elegance ofpfofped);, and a free cir- culation of air. Thepofitionsof the dif- ^.™,.., ,..,„.», , .,..« . ^ ^ fiertnt K, WAS WAS ftrent public edifices, and for the fevera\ Dquares and areas ot diflfercnt fhnpe« as they are laid down, were iirft determined on the mod advantageous ground, cum- nianding the mod extenlive profpetEb, and from tlieir fituation, fufceptible of I'uch improvements as either ufe or ornament may hereafter require The capitDl is fituated ona mod beautiful eminence, com- manding a complete view of every part of the city, and of a confideralile part of the country around. The Prefident's houfe (lands on a rifing ground, poirefring a de- lightful water profpetSl, together with a commanding view of the capitol, and the mod material parts of the city. Lines or avenues of diredt communication, have been devifed to conneifl the mod didant and important objedls. I'hefe tranfverfc avenues, or diagonal dreets, arc laid out on the mod advantageous giound for prof* pedt and convenience, and arc calculated DOt only to produce a variety of charming profpe(5ts,but greatly to facihtate t' ^ com- munication throughout the city. Nand S lines, interfeciiled by othets running due E and W, make the didribution of the city into dreets, fquarcs, &c. and thofe lines have been fo combined, as to meet at cer- tain given points, with the divergent ave- nues, fo as to form, on the [paces/rp dettr- mined, the different fquares or areas. The grand avenues, and fuch dreets as lead immediately to public places, are from 130 to 160 feet wide, and may be conven- iently divided into foot ways, a walk plant- ed with trees on each iide, and a paved way for carriages. The other dreets are from 90 to no feet wide. In order to execute this plan, Mr. Ellicott drew a true meridional line by celedial obfervation, which pafles through the area intended for the capitol. This line he crofTed by an- other, running due £ and 3V, which pafles through the lame area. Thc'fe lines were accurately meafured and made the bafes on which the whole plan was executed. He ran all the lines by a tranfit indru- ment, and determined the acute angles by adtual meafurement, leaving nothing to the uncertainty of the compafs. The city contained in 1803, about 880 houfes, 350 of brick, and a few of done, the red arc of wood ; many of thefe houfes are large and handfome. Thefe buildings are in 5 Xeparate diviitons or villages, one is near the capitol, one near the navy yard, one at Greenleafs Point, one near the ' Prefident's houfe, and one near George- ik>wa. This lad it die fouUed, aod that at Greenlears Point is the mod foliiar^. Of 7 ranges of building!!, e.nch having from 4 to 4 tenements, a imd 3 dories high, not more than z are inhabited, all tlie oth- er lar^e and elegant buildings are falling into ruins. Of a6 brick lH)ui"e8, 2 dories high near the capitol, not mure than 3 or 4 are habitable. The others arc rapidly decaying. There are 3 places for pubKc worfliip.one for Roinau Catholics, one for Bapt ds, and one for Kpifcopaliaus. Dur- ing the feilion of Congrtfs the chaplains are permitted to preach in the repreienta- tivcs' room. The hall ot the trcafury de- partment is alfo occafionallyufed for public worfhip. The PreCdent's I'ioufc is 170 by 8 J fett, two dories high It is built of free white done, the roof covertd with flate. The plan of the capitol is to prefent, when completed, a front of 36* feet, but only the N wing is yet eretSted. The Hotel dands at the corner of 7th and 8lh drcctst, txtcndirg 60 feet on the fud, lao on the other. The building is of brick, the bafement is of cut white done, 10 feet high, half of which is under ground. It is three dories high ; the fird and ftcond are 14 feet high, the third is eleven. The gaol is IOC feet by a6, two dories high, the lird 9 the fecond 8 feet high. In the ci- ty are three market houfes. At the navy yard are three large brick buildings for the reception of naval dores. Barracks arc crc«fted for the marines, having a front of 3C0 feet. A canal, connet^ing Tiber creek with the EaHern Branch, hat been partially executed for a number of years ; the tide flows into it 5 or 6 inches deep. At Greenleafs Point is a powder magazine and a guard houfe. Two bridges are built over Rock crtck, which divides the city from Georgetown. The bridge neat the mouth of the creek has three arches, is about 135 feet in length, and 36 wide. The other, 630 yards a- bove, is fupported by pilcs,is about %io feet long and 18 wide. Tlie iniblic offi- ces occupy two buildings, each about 450 feet from the Preiident's houfe, and hav- ing a front of iio feet, 60 feet wide, two dories high, with a white done bafement 5 or 6 feet above the furfacc of the ground ; each dory is 16 feet high. The trcafury department has ere^ed two buildings, each two dories high, for the ac- commodationof itsmeffeogers,&c. Wafh- ington, is feparated from Georgetown, in Montgomery co. Maryland, on the W by Rock Creek, but that town is now with- in the territory of Columbia. It is 42 «ule« WAS WAT Wilfs S W by S of Baltimore, 876 from PaiTimaquoiIcly* in the diftritn: of Miine, 500 from Boftun, 248 from N.York, 144 from Philadelphia, 133 from Richmond, in Virgioia, ajj from Halifax, in N. Car- ulina, 630 from Charleftcn, S. Carolina, and 794 from Savannah, in Georgia. WiifilngttH College, iu Maryland, iia: Cbejiertotun, IVaJbingtcn D'friH, the territory in Tcn- elTce, over which the jurifdiiftion of the Superior Court of law and equity extends, contains the counties of .Sulivan, Wafliing- ton. Green, Hawkins and Carter. It has 35,583 inhabitants, including 2514 ijavcs. Wajlington, a port town in Culpepper co. Virginia, 79 miles from Walliington City. W'ajhlngton, Fart, in the ftatc of Ohio, is fituated on the N hank of the rivtr O- hio, weft ward of iJttle Miami river, and 45 miles N W of Wafliington, in Ken- tucky. See Cincinnati. tVnJhinalon, Mount, a fmall tOwnftlip of Maffachulctts, Berkfliire co. in the S W corner of the date, it was incorporated in 1779, and contains 914 inhabitants. ti^iiJhingtoH, Mount, onc of the \Vhite Mountains of N. Hampfhire, which makes fo majeftic an appearance all a- long the fliorc of the eaftern counties of MafTachufetts. See tP'lite Mountjins. Wajhington't JJlands, on the N \V coaft •f N. America. The largeft is of a trian- gular fliape, the point ending on the fouthward at Cape St. James's, in N lat. 51 58. Sandy Point, at its N £ extremi- ty, is in lat. 54 a» N. Its longitude W extends from Hope Point, the N W ex- tremity, 126 37, to Saniy Point, in ii8 45. Port Ingraham, Perkins, and Magee Sound, lie on the weflc rn fide of the ifl- aud ; on the eaftern ii'ie are the following ports from N to S ; Skeetkifs, or Skitkifs Harbour, Port Cummafliawa, Kleiws Poin'., Smoke Port, Kanfkccno Point, Port Geyers, Port Ucah, and Port Stur- gii. Capt. Cook, when he .palled this ifl- and, fuppofed it to be a part of the con- tinent, as the weather at the time was thick, and the wind hoifterous, which obliged him to keep out at lea, till he made the w«ftem cape of the continent in about lat. $$ N. Capt. Dixon difcov- ered thefe iflands in 1787, and named them Queen Charlotte's Idands. Capt. Gray difcovered them in 1789, and call- ed them Wafliingtou's IHands. There are three principal iflands, befide many fmall ones, it is conjedtured that they make a part of the Archipelago of St. Lazarus. W.ifumafiin, an ifland in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, on the coaft of Labrador. N hit. 50 3, W Ion. 59 ss. Wujj\fw If.and. bee IVarfaiv. Wataguaki IJlet, on the coaft of I • Waterfi4*dy a townHiip of Gloucefter co. New Jerfey. Wattrfordy a ncat village of N. York, in the townfliip of Half Moon, which fee. ^ IVatcrland, an ifland iu the S. Pacific Ocean, fo named by Le Maire. S lat. 14 46, W long, 144 10. fTaterguedie, or ^tchy, a fmall river of Vermont, which empties into Connec- ticut River in Hartland. ^ JVattrtown, a very pleafaht town in Middlefex co. MafTachufettt, 7 miles wsft by north-wefl of Boflon. Charles River is navigable for boats to this town, 7 miles from its mouth in Boflon harbour. The townfliip contains 1,091. inhabit- ants, and was incorporateii in 1630. That celebrated apoftle of the Indians, the,Rev. Mr. Eliot, relates that in the year 1670, a (Irange phenomenon appeared in a great pond at Watertown, where the fifli all died; and as many as rould, thrufl them- selves on flxore, and there died. It was climated that liot lefs than 20 cart-ioads lay dead at once round the pond. An eel %yas found alive in the fandy border of the pond, and upon being cad again into its natural clement, it wriggled oiit again, as fad as it could, and died on the fliore. The cattle, accudomed to the water, rcfufed to drink it for 3 days, after which they drank as ufual. Wheb the 4lfli began to come afliorc, before they died, many were, taken, both by Englilh •rind Indians, and eaten without any in- tVaterte-um, a townfliip in Litchfield co. ConneiSticut. It is about 26 miles N N W of New Haven. . tVater f^liet, an extcnfivc townfliip of New York, Albany co. on^tlie W fide of Hudfon River, and includes the village 6f Hamilton,, and the iflands in the river iiearefl the W fide. It is bounded \V by ?he manor_ of RenlTelaerwyck, and con- tained, in i; 90, tAi9 inliabitants, includ- ing 707 flaves. In 1796. there were 600 6f the inhabitants qualified elcdtor*. tfntland IpanJ, one of the Bahama Id- ands in the Wed Indies. The S point is in lat. 24 N, and long. 74 \^. tVutfjit,Fort,'\n .S.Carolina, was fitu- jtted on the N £ bank of Santec River, aboiit half way between the mouth of the Congarec and Nelfou's Fort, on the bend of the river oppofite the Eutaw Springs, its garrifon of 114 mti being bcfieged ty Oen. Greene, furreadered in April, W E A 1781. He then marched witli his maiii force againit Camden, higher up the river. Wauiea^ui,3. village in the townfliip of Sullivan, in the Didri<3 of Maine, 9 miles from Dcfert Ifland. IVatuafini, a village in New York, on Rondout Kill, a branch of Walkill,7 mile* W of New Paltz, and i a S W of Efopus. tVavoimchtaiiot, and ^Tu-hbttvees, two In- dian tribes, refiding chiefly between Sci- ota and Wabafli Rivera. tVayne, a county in the N W Territory,' laid out in the fall nf 1796, now a terri- torial jurifdi(AIon, having 3,206 inhab- itants. tVjyne, a county of N^whern didrl»;t, N. Carolina ; bounded N by Edgecomti, and S by Glafgow. It contains 6,133 in- habitants, inclufive of 1,557 flaves. IVayne, a townfliip of MifHin CO. Penn* fylvania. tVayne, Furt, in the N W Territory, i» fituated at the head of the Miami of the Lake, near the Old Miami Villages, at thd confluence of St. Jofeph's and St. Mary** Rivers, It is a fquare fort with badions at each angle, with a ditch and parapet, and could contain 500 men, but has only 300 with 16 pieces of cannon. It is ijo miles N by W of Cincit^nati, and aoo W by .S of Fort Defiance. The Indians ced- ed to the U. States a tradl of land 6 mile» fquare, where this fort dands, at the late ttcaty of peace at Greenville. IVaynrJhorougby a pod town of Nortit Carolina, 24 miles from Kingdon, 50 S £ from Raleigh, and 49S from Philadelphia. JVjyneJhorougb, a pod town in fiurk co. Georgia, 30 miles S of Auguda, 25 N E of Louifville. No river of confequence paf- fes near this town ; yet being the place where both the fuperior and inferior courts are Held, it is iu a profperous con- diti9n. fVeah, a townfliip of New Hampfliirc^ fituated in Hilldiorough county, 18 miles fouthwedtrly of Concord, 60 W of Portf- mouth, and 70 N W of Bodon. It was incorporated in 1^64, and contained in 1790, 1,924 inhabitants. IVeaibenfitld, a townfliip of Windfor co. Vermont, on the W fide of Connef Northampton eo. Pennsylvania. JVeleb Mountains are fituated in Chefter CO. Pennfylvauia, Befidcs other dreams, Brandy wine Creek rifes here. Welch Tiaii, a fmall territory of Penu- fylvania.fo n>)med bccaufc firft fettled by Welchmcn. There are a niimberof fniali tuwns ill it, as- Havcrfopd- Wtft, Merion- eth, &c. It is pretty thickly inhabited by an induftrious, hardy and tliriving people. IV.-U ».', Sir Ttjnmai R'>es, or Ur U.'im, a biiv or Arait in (hat part of Hucdon's B.«y which rims up to the N round from Cape .Soiitlianipton.upcning Iitf.vccn lat. 6i and 6.; N. On the W or N iLorc u a laT litad l.uid, called the Hcpc h) C4p(,.Mi(liIlctuii, ill Ut 6u jO Nk tViHJIeett a townfliip of Maflachufettv in Barnftable co. on the peninfula called Cape Cod ; S £ from Boflon, diftant by- land 105 miles, by water 60, and from Plymouth light-houfc 8 leagues. The harbour is large, indented within with cteeks, where veffels of 70 or 80 tons may lie fafe in what is called the Deep Hole. The land is barren, and the tim- ber is fmall pitch-pine and oak. Before it was incorporated in 1763, it was call- ed the Nottb Pltcinef of Eaftham, and was originally included in the Indian Sleeieet and Pamit, In 17 90, it contained II 17 inhabitants. Since the memory of people now living, there have been in this fmall town 30 pair of twins, befides two births that produced three each, The method of killing gulls in the gull houfe, is, no doubt, an Indian invention, and al- fo that of killing birds and fowl upon the beach-in dark nights. The gull-houfe is built with CTOtcliets fixed in the ground on the beach,, and covered with poles, the (ides being covered with flakes and fea-weed, and the poles on the top cov- ered with lean whala The man being placed within, is not difcovered by the fnwlsj and while they are contending for and eatmg the fifh, he draws them in one by one between the poles, until he has- coHe<5led 40 or 50. This num- ber has often been taken in a morning. The method of killing fmall birds and fowl that perch on the beach, is by mak- ing alight; the prefent mode is with* hog's lard in a frying pan; but the In- dians are fuppofed to have ufed a pine torch. Birds, in a daik night, will flock to the light, and may be killed with a walkiHg-cane. It- mud be curious to a countryman who lives at a didancc from the fea, to be acquainted with the method of killing black- fill). Their fizc is from 4 to 5 tons weight, when- full grown.' When they cuine within' the harbours, boats lurround them, and they arc as eafily driven im fliore, as cattle or flieep are driven on the land. The tide leaves tliem, aud they arc ealily killed. They ;ire a fitli of the whale kind, and wiil average a bnrrcl of oil tach't 400 have been rt:(;n at one time on the fliore. Gf late years tlielc fitli rarely cume into the h.Tr!ioiirs. The inhabit- a«its own 25 vefl'cls froiu 30 to 100 tons,, cmploytd in the wliale, cod, and macke- rel I'^tbcries, and in carrying oyflers to B.iCIon. Wd'.s, a f.nall, but rapid river of Ver- mont^ WEN IT E vS r of Ver- mont H tnrnnt, which, after a fliort S E cou'ff , ■empties into ConneAicut River, below "the Narrows, and in the N E rorner of Newbury. Its mouth is 40 yards wide. W>//i, a townfliip cf Vermont, Rucland CO. between Pawlct and Poultiiey, and contains 2,11^ inhhbitantB. I^akc St. Aiif- •t\n lies in tliis townfliip, and is 3 miles long, and I broad. H''eUi. a 'loft ofMaine, York co. on the • of its *;, about half way between i-iddefor** jd Yoric, and 88 miles N by E of Bcfton, 441 from'Phila- .delphia, and 575 from M''afliington. T!ms townfliip is about 10 miles long, and 7 broad ; wa< incorporated in r6j3, And contains 3,693 inhabitants. It is bound- ed S E by that part of the fea called Wells Bay, and N E by Kcontbunk Riv- er, which feparates it from Arundel. The fmall river Negunkct, prrhaptform- erly Oguntiquit, has no navigation, nor mills of any value, but noticed, about 150 years ago, as the boundary between Tork and Wells. The lide through Pif- cataqua Bay urges itfelf into the niarfli- cs at Wells, a few miles E of Ncgun- ket, and forms a harbour for fmall vefTels. Further E in this townfliip the fmall river Moufom is found coming from ponds of that name about ao miles from the fea. Several mills are upon the river, and the inhabitants have opened a harbour by means of a canal. Webha- met Riv;r is the principal entrance to this town by water. H^ilts Bay, in the townfliip above men- tioned, lies between Capes Porpoife and Ueddock. The courie from the latter to Wells Bar, is N by E 4 leagues. H'Te/lt Falls, in Delaware River, lie 13 jni'es N W of Trenton, New Jerfey. Wendell t a townfliip of MalVachufetfs, Hanipfliire co. 90 miles N W of Boflon. It was incorporated in i78i,andcontaine 737 inhabitants. Wim/ell, a townfl)ip of N. Kampfliirc, Chefliire co. about 15 miles N E of Charleflowu, containing 355 iniiabitants. It was called Saviile, before its incorpo- ration in 1781. JVenbam, a townfliip of Mafl'achufctti^ lEflcjc CO. between Ipfwich and Beverly ; Zi miles N E by N of Boflon. It was in- corporated in 1643, and contains 476 in- ihabitants. Here is a large pond, well \ftored with fifli, from which, and its vi- cinity to Salem, it was called £/ion, by the (firfl ftttlers. WtHman, one «f ihc Gallipssi Iflands, on the coafl of Peru, W of Cape Fran- cifco. IVmitvorib, a townfliip of New Hamp- fliire,Oralt(m co. containing 488 inhabit- ants. It was incorporated in 1766, and id S £ of Oxford, adjoining. Wtfct, a village of N. Jeifev, ElTex eo. on Paflaick River, % miles N W of Ac- quakenunk, and 5 ^W of Hackinfaclc. Wifuttitjkmg, the Indian name cf St. (. I.. k!ver, in Lincoln CO. Maine. _//, or IVMtaJJijutJt, a, rivtr of Ver- mont, has its main fource in Bromley, about 3 miles S £ from the head ofOtctr Creek. After receiving ,7 or 8 fmallcr flreanis, and rtmning about 37 miles, it falls JiUo.Connc«Slicut River at Brattle- borough. It is the largcft of the ftreams on theEGde of :the Green Mountains; and at its mouth is about .15 rods wide, and 10 or X 2 feet deep. A number of figures, or infer iptions are yet to be feen upon tlie rocks at the mouth of this riv- er. Teeming to allude to the affairs of war among the Indians.: but their rudeiicili and awkwardnefs -denote that tlie form- ers of them were at a great remove from the knowledge of any alphabet. Wejlborougb, a townfliip of MafTachu- fetts, Worcefter co. 34 miles W S W erf Bofton, and 13 £ of Worcefter, was iiv . corporated in 1717, and contains 922 in* ^ habitants. Among other lingular occur- rences in the Indiau wars, the ftrange for- tune of Silas and Timothy Rice is worthy of notice. They were fons of Mr. Ed- mond Rice, one of theiirft fettlers in this town, and carried ofFUy the Indi.ins, Au- guft 8, 1704, the one 9, the other 7 year* of age. They loft thoir mother tongue, had Indian wives, and children by them, and lived at Caanattiafra, .Silas wasnarned Tteiiinoivt^j, and Timothy, Ofghtfomif goi'gbton. Timothy recommcndtd himfcif fo much .to the Indians by his penetration, courage, Jlrength, and warlike fpirit.thit he arrived to be the third of the 6 chitfs of tJie Carnaivogjs. (a 1740, \tz came down to fee his friend*. Ke \-icwed the boufe where Mr. Rice dwelt, and tlic place whence he with the otiier ciiildren were captiv^ated.ofboth which he retain- ed a clear remembrance; as he did 'ike wife of fevcral elderly perfons who were then living, though he had forgot the Englifli language. He returned to Canada, and, it is faid, was the chief who made the fpccch to Gen. Gige, in behalf of the Cagna wagas, after the redudinn of Mont- real. Thefc men were alive in 1790. MA ■\i w r •< W E 5 iVtJIkury, a tnwnfhip in L, Can^dfl, on : fhf S bank; of St. Franci* River, N E of Afcot, and had only tiirce or iuur fami- lies in i8o,^ Wiji River Mountain, Jn N. Hanipfliiic, in the townniip of Cheflcr'''-!d, .''t» cppo- fitc to the iTidiith of Wtii River ; and from this p«rt of Ot)nncclicut River to Pi fcataqua Harbour on the E, is 90 miles, the broadeft part of the State. Here arc viliblc appearances of volcanic erup- tions. Aho'it the year 17,^0, the garri- fon of Fort Dtimmer, 4 miles diftant, was alarnicd by frequent explolions of fire and fmokt, emitted by the mountain. Similar appearances have been ubferved fnicc. Iftji Bay, a large bay of I^nkc Superi- or, at its wcftcrnniofl extremity, having -the iz ides at its mouth. It receives St. Louis River from the W. Ifeji Bethlehem, a townfjlip of Wafllillg- ton CO. Pcnnfylvania. tVefl Jiridgcivater, A pofl tOWn in Ply- fT.outh CO. Mafl'achufetti. l^eji Cbifer, a county of New York, bounded N by Dutchefs, 8 by Long Ifl- and Sound, W by '' idfon River, and E by the State of C' dticut. It includis , Captain's in:inds, .. I all the iflandH in the found to the E of Fro^^s Neck, and to the northward of the main channel. It contiirns 47413 inhabitants. IVrJI Chefer, the chitf townfliip of the above county; lying partly in the Sound, about 15 miles cnfterly of N. York city. It was much impovtriflitd in the late war, atrd rimt.iins 997 inhibitantt-. • W:Ji Chjl.r, ihe chief town of Chefter ib.' Ptniiiylv,(ri>a, containing about 50 4>oul<:s,a courthoufe, (tone g;u)l, and a ■Roman' Catholic church. It is about 25 miles W of Philrtdtlphia. lVi.Jln!y,z \ivyHo\\i\ on the fea-coaft o*' Wal'liiiigtoii cf). Rhode IllMnd, and fcp- ai-atcd fr'cini Stonington in Connecticut by P;iiiratufk River, 36 miles W by S of Nowport. The iuhabit«nt!» carry on a hriiTc coallinjj; trade, and arc exlinfively ertg.^gfd in the fifliery. The towulLip contains 2,329 inhabitants. ^y.^l-rn. A towniliip of Mafrachufetts, in the S W tnrntr of Worctflcr co. 25 iiilics E of Spriii_';lltld, and 69 3 W by S i.t Roftun., InhH.iiiran'.M 979. ' Ji'e/iein, Fort, in M;iin< , was ereiflcd in 1752, on tljc caft lunk of the I'mall fall which terminates the navigation of Kcn- nflicck River. It i* 18 miles from Ta- ciina',t full. St': li..'r,;ie,/i Hivii. It is in the townfliip of Augiifla, Krnnfbec)^ CO. A company was incorpc^ratcd in Feb. 1796, to build a bridge over the riv- er at this place. IVefietn Preeinff,\n SoiPcrfct CO. N. Jer- fey, contained in 1790, i,87.V inhabitants. IVe/felJ, a towufliip of Vermont, On; leans co. S of Jay. }VeffelJ,-i. plcafant ppfV tcwij of Maf- facTiuictts, Hampfliire co. on thfc river of this name, in a curious vale, 10 miles W of Sprlngfitid, 34 £ of Stockbridgc, jz S W of X^'^orcefter, loj W S \V of Bonon, and 4C0 from WaHiington. It contains a Congregational church, an academy, and about 50 or' 60 ' c()mpam .frnvid"" ,.|it" Iri'' . .• •«W ■•///lV/i/7> U" . * V.*-V^- iN r^ '^'I'Shn r^-? <::' '"•jte^-^;fs^^i>isr^0' c-r^.„ii. -v-^.^-^ fl "•'"'lol'llS-.'vl'h, ^ sr^%*r« Lnni/ti.' WrH front 9 Irtnv .v/ I'/tlKt Mntit III' II tiii/nfl. II .\ M .S () H ^ v^:?:'-'?:;aQ-^Si5 i L IM' A ^' C]( H,-'-. -i© ^tP -I.' U y/-^-^* —^ZUif* T35D ~ '"1^.. t •■'«4;v...--.;-V.--... .;• !»/>'/> ^V T -r.v,. »K'-:-r>^ "S r; /• 'itj/nmir n .1 ^' >i? ^. s r s r. .\iN' M.S.. /•: -. //.I",,/.. AVi- ^ /•,■,„./«//, "•^«' A^TS. L nM"''""<^w. ^1 in " ij: l/::Mx/':'^"^'^ I ■'"W""JII KxpliiiuiliiMi A -/ I'liiV^M ?' •'••'!'!ifi*'':.,sf«'r:;^f!''^-^^'^'*'^""' ji - . o r K .thlOll* Ci i\'lMHlt p^r «" .OWM/I"" I ,^t >'; ,r^*^ V^r^i . r, V. t^, 4, /,v/,. •••«.."" rA'*'" a- <■ .'y/w XrifRiW <•■> i.'f'iiifli 7 ^''T / '/'.tintniRi-KF "''•'''i»,n\^vi,ic^Sst.,s.pi*o. yj'i';,,),/. y/'ftrliiuf{i-r r A R t n n /-: a j>f ^-^ X" <• ^. "'A 3' X >5: ^ I . r > ^' t'.h'riiieh S.Sf'tininit , l)ii.l)iifrh X T I rf BPKBIX .1 .V f/f/ifi/tiiiinrK. »■ //rc vil'hle liun». I foil of tilarnit and fi Himila fiiice. or, at) the li Lo)iis| ton cO ir.nutl boun< and ^ byth , Captj the 1^ thetj conti aWoi^ It \Vi and " h 4b/ iioui Rnii milti of\ ■raP Hyl Nc'l bri< ci'ig cor in tnilj ^f (to *S \ 'A IrAvif -4 /;ri-)ln> w £ a W E S Ji^d «)f Jamaica, U to the N of Portland >oint. There it good anchorage, but ci- pofed to S and 8 £ wind«. fVtJI HaviH, itp4rifli of the townfliipor j^Tew Haven, in Connetflicut, plcafrfntly pluatcd on the Harbour and Sound, j milei W 8 W of the city. Wtjl IiiJin, a multitkide of ilUnds be- tween N. and S. America, which were I'o pamcd at tirf), on the prefumption that they extended fo at form a connexion with thofe of the Bad Indies. The falla- X of the fuppofition was Toon difcoyered ; e name, however, has been retained, to prevent confufion in gcojjraphical ac« counts of the iflandt. The continent was aU'o fomctimet called by this name, till its Itatural divifion being more attended to, it obtained a diftindt appellation. Sec Carii' ii§ IJIaitdi and 4itilln. They lie in the form of a bow, or fcmicircle, ftretching aimed from the coad of Florida N, to the river Oronoko, ia the main continent of S. America. Such ait ar<,- worth cultiva- tion, now belong to five European pow- ert, viz. Great Britain, Spain, trance, Holland, and Denmark. The i^fiVj/S claim ' Jamaica, Nevis, fiarhadoes, Montl'ctrat, ^t. Chriftophert, Barbuda, Antigua, Anguilla, prcnada,aud the Bermudas, Grenadines, The lJahu(3iu iQands. Dominical, St. Viuctm, Sfaia claims Cuba Trinidad, ii'urti) Rico, Margarctta. The /^>ra<:i claim (St. Domingo, or Gu»dal( upe, Hifpaniula is St. Lticiaj independent.) Tobago. Miittiiiico, The Dutch clajm St. Eudatia, Curalluu, or Curacoa gaba, Dtiimatt claims St. Croix, St. Thomas, and f>.. John's. Sivcdcn alfo poflTcflcs The fmall ifland of St. Btrtholomew. The climate in tW the Weft-India ill- ands is nearly the fapie, allowing for thofe accidental ditVtirences which the rever.-il iituatjons and q^alilitrti of the |ands ihemfelyes produce. A3 they lie within the tropics, and the fun goes quite over their heads, pafling beyond tlie.n to the north, and never returning farther fruih any of then; thau about 30 decrees to the fourh. they would he eonttnualij^ f'jbj'.-iAcd to an extreme and intolerable heat, if the tt.ulc winds, rifinj <;radually u the fun gatliers ftrength, did not blow- in upon them (\on\ the Tea, and refreHi the air in ftich a manner, as to en;4lile them to attend their concerns even under the titeridian fun. On the other hand, as the night advances, a breeze l)t^ins irj be perceived, which blows fmartly from the land, as it were from the centre, to- watdt the Tea, to all points of the com- pafs at once. Dy the fame remarkable Providence in the difpofliig of things, it is, that when the fun hni made a great progref* towards the tro;-;c of C.inccr, and . "he count-v, thirfty with the Icng drought, which commonly M^vailt rr>.ni the beginning of January > the latter end of May. The ralu^ . 1, ke the only diftlnJliun of feafous in t ,c Weft Ind'"* ; the trees arc grf,' 'i *'ie whole year ror '' ; they have no ( jid, 10 frofti, d<> f.icws, and but rarclj fonic hail ; the ftorms of h.iil are, however, very violent wlien they happen, and the h.iil-ft(jnes very great and heavy. The grand ftapic conuiiodity.of the W. Indies is fugar, Tlie Putiugueie were the firft who culti^'.ittd it in Amer- ica. The jtilci of the fu.n-ir-cane is the moft lively, ix'^tllentj ;ind the le4 are vvtll mantjif d, the run» and njol.illes pay the ch.ir);csof the pl.in- tation, and the lugars arc clc^r gain. Thq quaiitltv of rum and niolaires cxp«rt(.di. trom all the Britifti Weft India illands in .7X1) to all parts, was accurately as fol- !(>v>: Rum, 9.491,177 gallons, of which I i<^'5i4'>' gallons came to the Unite^ Slates J MolalTc.', at, I9Z gallons, of which iuoo gitilonj came to tlu: Uiilvcd States. The negroes in tht plantations arc fub- fifttd at a vcryeafy rate. 'J'liis is gener- ally by allottinj^; to each family of ti.em »,- Imall portion of land, and allowing theni tv.-o days in the week, Saturday and Sun- day, to cultivate it ; foroe arefnbfiftcd ia this manner, but others 6ud their ntgroct a certain portion of Indian or Guineft corn, and to fome a fait herring, or a cer- tain poi tion of bacon or fait pork, a day, Alt the reft of the charge coultfts in a cap, Hiirt, a pair of breeches, and a blanket ;' and the prcfii of their labour yields on an average j^VQW £,13. uauually. 'I'he price ■ °f 4" [H 'if ?J ||.| t* Y m WES WES "«jf men negroes, upon their firft arrivo ao435 Virgin Iflcj I, SCO 9,000 i3ahamas ■1,000 2,a4i 'Bermudas 5,46» 4,9«9 -: Total 65,,30j 455.684 ■There is lilctwife, in eieh < t the idand", « number of perfons, of mixed blood, and ■native blacks of fret' condition. In Ja- inaica they are retVoned at 10,000 ; and -about the fame number in the other i(l- «nds, taken collciiiively. The following ftateirtertt was made in the Briti(h Houic of Commons. Import^ from the Britifli "VVcft Indies in T795, /!8,8co,00o fterl — revenue arifing t!itreftom, ^1,614,000 — Jliipping employee' in that trade, 664 vef- iicls — tonnage, 153,000— feamen, 8,000.1 (Exports from Great Britain to the Weft fndies, in 1794, ;^3,"00,0OO, employing 700 vtflcis— tonnage, 177,000 — feamen, «a,00a Produce of the illands imported 4nd re-txported, /?3,7co,ooo. The fol- lowing account of the while inhabitants, free negroes, and fl^ve^.tn the French ifl- aiujs is extracted t'ruin the (Idtenicnt of 1 Rf onf. Ntckar ; but it is thought that flie negro flavcs were doubled before tl»e coramcnctmeni of the Trench revolution. Blackt. Slcnitf osi i49,ogS St. Pomingo ill 1779 Martinico In 1770 Gaiidaloiipe In 1770 St. Lucia In 1776 Tobago (ruppofed to be the fame «« 8t. Lucia) Cayenne (d.A.) in 1786 % irl.utes. f Il,rtI9 ■1.3^7 i,397 I.3S8 l,38z 1,050 71.1 as, 3*7 io,7Ji i.ojo io,7fj —— lo.s:;? 63,681 1 3,4x9437,736 The French writers ftate the number of fliips employed in their Weft India trade at 600, each on an average 300 tons— their feamen at 15,000. Since their rev- olution, their W. India trade is le(rened, and is now almoft annihilated. The pro- duce in 1785, was 160 millions of livrcs. The W. India trade wasthought to be worth to France about ;{^400,oco fterl. annually, before ihe revolution. The value of the Spanifit Weft India trade is blended with that of America in general ; Sec Sfaniji America. The Danilli Weft India trade brings in a revenue to the King of Den- mark of 133,000 dollars. The idands are defcribed under their refpc(5live names. Weft Liberty, a poft town of Virginia, and the capital of Ohio co.fltthe head of Short Creek, 6 miles from the Ohio. It contains above 120 houfes, a Preihyteri- an church, a court- houfe and gaot. It lies two miles W of the Pennfylvania line., 18 N W of Wheeling, 23 W of Wafliing- ton in Pennfylvania, and 348 W of Phil- adelphia. fVeft Main, the W fliorc of HudfonS Bay in N. America is fo called, at leaft that part of it called James Bay. See Eiijf Main, 'IVeJimii'Jlerya townfliipof Worceftcr CO. Maflachufctts, w.-is granted to thofc who did fervice in tht Narraganfet war, or their heirs, in 1728, and was then ftyled Nar- rogjt.fct. No. 2. It was incorporated by its prefent name in 1759, and contains 30,oooacresaf land, well watered, and has 1,369 inhabitants. It is fuuated on the height of land between the rivers Merri- mack and Conncth^icut, having ftreams arifing in the town, and running into botli. It is about 55 miles N W of Bofton, and about 22 miles H of Worceftcr. Wcftminjler, a poft town of Windham CO. Vermont, on Conuecfticut River, op- poUte Walpolc in New Hampfliire. k contains 1,942 inhabitants. Sexton's Riv- er enters the Connedlicut iu the H £ cor.- Jier W E S W E S ,050 10,752 i,4»j» 437,736 net of the toTvnfhip, 18 miles N of Brat- titborough, 18 N W of Keene, 59 N of Northanipton, and 473 from Wafliington. Wtfimlnfiery tlie eaftcrnmofl town of Frederick co. Maryland, about 26 miles N W of Baltimore, and 47 N by E of W,ifliiugton. Here i» a pdfV office. IVeftmore, the we(lernmi)ft town of E'"- fex CO. Vermont. WilJoughby Lake lies in this townfljip. fVeflmnrtland, a county of Virginia, bounded N and E by Paiowmack River, which divides it from Maryland, S F. by Northumberland, S W by Richmond, and Why King George. It contained in 1790, 7,74a inhabitants, of whom 4425 were Haves. 'Ihis county has the honour of havini; j»ivtn birth to Gfcraf Wajbingiony firft Prtllclent ofthe United States.- The eourt-hojfc in this county is on the S bank of Patowniac River, 10 miles N by E of Richmond. Wcfmurthnd, acountyof Pennfylvania, bounded N by Lycoming, and S by Fay- ette CO. and abounds with iron ore and coal. It contains 14 townfliips, and i-i,7i(> inhabitants. WfmorelanJ, a confidcrabie townfliip of N. Hamplhirc, Chcfliire co. on the eaftern bank of Connecticut River, be- tween Chcfttrfield and WaIpole,uo miles frt)m Portfmouth. It was incorporifcd iu t7.fl, and contains 2 066 iuhabitanrtj. IV.JtmorelanJ, a poft town of New York, Oheida co. taken from Whiteftown, and incorporated in 1792. It contains 1,542 inhabitants. The centre of the town is 6 miles S of Fort Schuyler, 36 N \V of Cooperftown, and 506 from Wafliington. IV'JlmotflanJ, a tract of land iu Penn- fylvania, bounded E'by Delaware River, W by a line drawn due N and S 15 miles W ot Wyoming on Sufqtiehannah River, and between tli^ par!>llels of 41 and 40 degrees of N lat. was claimed by the State of Connecticut, as withif) the limits of their ori faw-mills. Inhabitants i.oci. A few years fince, fcveral marble quarries were difcovered in this town, both white and grey, which arc the property of Meflrs. Cook, Newall & Co. They are now wrought to confidcrabit advantage. ?'hrcc mills for fawing the marble have ecn credted, and grave floncs, chimney pieces, butter-prefervcrs, and plates, are made here in great quantities, and fenr to Hudfon, and thence to N. York, and Bofton, to market. . tf'J} Tawn, a towndiip in Chefter co. itcnnfylvania, having 743 Inhabitants. JVetbtrtfielJ. Set IP'fathenfield. IVeimore's Tfatidy cfl criterion, becaufe it is the com- mon and natural growth of the colmtry. £xotics, fuch as the Lombardy poplar, arc a fortnight later. Sheep and liorfts re- quire little hay to winter them on any of the iflands in PenA^fcot Bay ; and it is obferved that neat catt'c do net fttjiiire fo much as on the main by one third, .tr.d Cometimes one half, on account of the abundance of rock-we-d, ?,iul tiii; liulc time the ground is covtrtd with liiow. The winter feldom bcjriis with any fe- Tcrity till the lafl of IVcctiihtr. Wt^ltridgty a townftiip 01 Vcimcnt, in Addifon co. fcparated from New Haven on the N and E by Otter Creek. It con- tains 502 inhabitants. Snake Mountaiti lies nearly on the line between this towa- fliip and that of Addifon on the W. WeymoutbtXhe Waffagujfet oixhe Indians, a townfhip of Maflachufetts, Norfolk co. incorporated in 1635. It lies 14 miles S E of BoClon, and employs fofne fmall vcf- fels in the mackerel fifl>ery. Fore River on the N W, and Back River on the S E, include near one half of the townfliip. The checfe made here is reckoned among the belt brought to Bofton market. It is faid to be one of the oldeft towns in the State ; Mr. Wefton, an Englifli merchant, having made a temporary fettlcment here in fummer, i62'4. It contains 1,803 'U- haViitants. VVbalt Cov! TJland, in the northern pari? of N. America, is the moft northerly of two illands lying to the S of Brook Cob- ham, or Marble Iftand, which is in lat. 6j N. Lovegrove, t!ie other ifland, has a. fair opening to the W of it. H^hale Fijh IJlanJ, in the river Eflequi- bo, on the coaft of S. America, is above the Seven Brothers, or Seveii Iflands, and below the Tlirce Brothers. iVIfili IJland, at the mouth of MKen- zie's Rivtr, in the North Sea or Ftozctt' Ocean, on the N coaft of the N W part of N. America. N lat. 69 14. tVbippings Creek, a filial! creek whic^r empties through the E bank of HudfonV River, in the townfliip of Fifli Kill, eight miles S of Poiighkeepfie, and 72 N of N, York city. Here are two mills, at which confiderable bufinefs is performed. IV.'jaiton, a townfliip of Fayette co. Pcnnfylvania, having 674 inhabitants. . WLately^ii townfliip of Maffachufetts, Hainpfl)irc CO. 10 miles Nridge, 30 II E by N of New York. White Point, on the coaft of Nova Sco- tia, is about 3 leagues S W of Cape Can- fo, and N £ of Green Point. There i» an ifland oft" the Point that flielters Bar riaven. White Point, on the coaft of Cape Brew ton Ifland, is about a mile S W of Black Cape, near the harbour of Lnuifl)urg, and the E point of Gabarus Bay. While Point, in the ifland of Jamaica, lies eaftward of White Horfe Clins, about 7 leagues E of Port Royal. Whitens Buy, on the coaft of NeAvfound- land. N lat. 50 17, W Ion 5;. 56 15. White's River, on the N E coaft of Ja- maica, is near the W limit of Port An- tonio. WhiteJ!own, a poft town in Oneida ro. N. York, on the S (ide of Mohawk River, 4 miles W of Old Fort Schuyler, and 100 VV of Albany. The compaiil part of this floiirifliing town lies on one I>cautiful ftreet, about a mile in length, orn.imented with trees. The houfes ?re generally furniflied with water, condudted by pipes laid under ground, from the neighbour- ing hills. I'he foil of this town is re- markably good. Nine acres of wheat in one field, vielded on an average, 4 1 bufli- els i M m fa M m\ ilit| ' f ', I il 1 ij f»! ■ *i i f tvr I G WI L els of wheat, of 60 lb. each, an acre. I'liis is no uncommon crop. I'his town and its neighbourhood has been fettled with rcmarlcabie rapidity. All thAt dif- tri(5l: comprehended between the Oneida Hcfcrvation, and the Qernian Flats, was knpwn, a few years fmce, by the name of Wilttftonvii, and no longer ago than 1785, contained two families only, thufe of Hugh White, and Mofes Foot, Efqrs. In 1796, there were within the fame lim- its, 6 pariflies, with as many fettled min- ifters, 3 full regiments of militia, i corps of light horfe, all in uniform. In the whole, 7,359 inhabitants, of whom 1,190 were qualified eledlors, and in iSoo^there tvere 4,21a inhabitants in Whiteftown, >vhich is but a fmall fcc^ion of the above clcfcribcd diftritfL White IVood IJland, or De Boh Blanc. Sec Miibiilimaikinat, Wbitirg, a townfliip of Vermont, in Addifon CO. fcparated from I.cicefter on | the £ by Otter Creek, and has part of | Or well on the W. It ccntains 404 in- , liaLitantSi l JVhittiMgham, a townfliip of Vermont, , in the S W corner of Windham co. con- i taining 868 inhabitants. 1 IVLitfutt IJland, in the S. Pacific Ocean, i is about 4 miles long, and 3 broad ; and '• lb furrouaded by breakers that a beat cannot land. S lat. 19 26, W lung. 137 56. tyiandotsy or Wyandofs, an Indian tribe : | inhabiting ne.ir Furt St. Jofeph, and De- ii troit, in the N. W. Territcry, Wayne co. jj Warriors aoo. ' M (Viafoco, or LUtle iVia, is an outlet or ' • arm i)t the river Gronoko.on the Wlide. \\ It hiis many brauches, which are all uav- { •gable. {i IVidfurd, a fmall trading village in the ij towr.fliip of North Kingilown, Rhode-;! lliand,and on the W fide of Narra^anfc't il Bay ; 24 miles S of Providence, and 9 or n »Q N "-V of New port. Here is a poft | wffice. I' WiefpltuaTi, a river of Louifiana, wiiich | empties iiiU) tlu MiirilJ[;pi,22 miles above i ihcSoutoux vilUgL-. ] H^ietMuv, a liiK'.i-l river of Maryland, | which rifcs in iJufllx county, Delaware, | and cinptieb into Filliiiij^ Bay, on the tad > fliort ot'Chcfapc.'.k Bay. | iVi^hconiUa, a fliort navigable river of ! M.Aryland', which is tornied by Pilts and i iMlen'b Fieiii, and', ruii.nin^q louiliward, ' empties into the Paro\Mi;ao, about 35 i miles from its niuuih. Cub .Nctk tutKij j liiC N iisiit bl'iu Dicuth. IVlgbt, IJIi of. See IJIe of Wight County.- Wight, JJIe ef; E end of Long-Ifland. See Oardttir't IJland. Wilbralam, a townfhip of MafTachtlo fctts, in Hampfliire co. 10 miles £ of Sprin. field, 30 N £ of Hartford, in Con- nedtic rt, and 89 S W of Br ^o^ Cape Elizabeth which is its W point, and the £ point of Cook's River, is in lat. 59 10, and long. 15* 15. Wimawjbotougb^ a poft town of N. Car- olina, W I L olina, and capital of Granville co. plcaf- antly fituated on a creek which falls into the Roanoke. It carries on a briflc trade with the back counties, and contains be- tween 30 and 40 houfcs, a court h'mfe, gaol, and flourifliing academy. It is 17 miles from Warrenton, 48 N E of Hillf- borough, 56 W N W of Ha'' " x, and 2S7 from Wafliington. IVtlliaaJburg, a CO, of Virgimaibctwccn Toik and James' Rivers, and was joined in the enumeration of inhabitants, in 1 7 90, with York co. Thefc together con- tained 5,133 inhabitants. Willianijburttby a townlliipof Maflachu- fettsi Hamplljire co. on the W fide of Conneclicut River, having Hatfield on the E. It contains a handfomc Congre- gational church, and 1,176 inhabitants. In the year 1760, this townfliip was a wil- dernefs. It lies 7 miles from Conne<£licut River, 8 N W of Northampton, and 108 W of Bodon. IViiliamJburgl, a port town of N. York, Ontario co. on the E fide of Geneffec River, and between that and Cancfus X^ake, 30 miles S W of Canandarquc, 40 N W of Bath, 98 N W of Athens or Tio- ga Point, and 288 N wefterly of Phila- delphia. iVilliamJburg, called alfo yonefiown, a pod town of Pennfylvania, Dauphine co. at the jundlion of Little Swatara with jwatara River. It has a German Luther- an and Calvinifl church, and about 40 dwelling lioufes. It is 23 miles N £ by E of Harrilburg, and 89 N W of Phila- delphia. — Alfo, the name of a tovnfhip in Luzerne county. IVilliamJhurg, a poll town on the Little Miami, in Clermont co. Ohio, 483 miles from Walhington. WiiUamfburg, a village of Maryland, in Talbot county, 5 miles N E of Eadon, and 4 N W of KingVTown. tyuiiam/iurg, a poft»town of Virginia, lies 60 miles eaftward of Richmond, fitu- ated between two creeks, one falling into James, the other into York River, The diftance of each landing-place is about a mile from the town. During the regal government it was propoled to unite thefe creeks by a canal palling throu! ( i^i ^ W I L W I L yil^ Town, 60 E of Richmond, 48 N W Of Norfolk, and 338 S S W of Philadelphia. Leaft heat hcrCi 6 o Mean heat, 60 8 Created heat, 98 o N lat. 37 16, W long. 76 48. William/port, A pod town of Maryland, Wafliington co. on the N fide of Patow- mack River, at the mouth of Conego- cheague Creek, 8 miles S uf the Pennfyl- vania line, 6 S W of Hagarflown, 37 N by E of Winchefter, in Virginia, a8 S by W of Chamberfljurg, and i jj W by S of Philadelphia. Williamffott, a poft town of Lycom- ing CO. Pcnnfylvania, (lands on the N fide of the W branch of the Sufquehannah, 38 miles above Nurthumbcrlriitd. It con- tains about 30 houfcs, and is a flourifli- ing place. WitliamfoH, a tdwnfliip of N. York, On- tario CO. In 1796, there were 142 of its inhabitants eledlors. IViltiamfon, a county of Mero diftridl, TenneiTcc, containing 2,863 inhabitants, of whom 693 are flavcs. Williamjioivn, a poft town of Vermont, Orange co. on the height of land between Conne<5ticut River and Lake Champiain, about 45 miles fro: the former, and 50 from the latter. It is bounded £ by Wafliington, and W by Northlield, and contains 839 inhabitants. Stephen's Branch, a llream which runs N to On- ion River, rifes in this townihip. IVilliam/loivn, a mountainous poft town of Maffachufetts, in the N W corner of the State, and in Berkfliire co. contain- ing 2,o86 inhat)itants. It is well water- ed by Hnofack and Green Rivers, the former of which is here 8 rods wide. On thefeftreams are 4 grift-mills, 3 faw- mills, and a fulling-mill. The main coun- ty road pafTes through it. Col. £phraini Williams laid the foundation of an acad- emy fevcral years fincc, and endowed it by a handfoine donation of lands. In 1790, partly by lottery, and partly by the libetal donation of gentlemen in the town, a brick tdificc was crcput of the town is on the S W fide of a jiill, which rifes 109 feet above the tide, 9 miles from Delaware River, 38 S W from Philadelphia, And 117 from Wafli- tngtOH. On the N E fide of the fame MUtOnthe Brandywine, there are ijmilli fur grain, and about 40 neat dweliing- ^ules, which for;n a beautiful appen- „d»ge to the town. The mills are pruba- I>Iy as valuable 9s any jn the world : it is faid that 300,000 bufliels of wheat aad corn are ground here in a year. A large .manufadtory for gun-powder is erected here. The Chriftiana admits veflels of 94 feet draught of water to the town ; and thofc ol 6 feet draught, 8 miles fur- ther, where the navigation ends ; and the Brandywine admits thofe of 7 feet draught to the mills. The town is regu- larly laid out in fquares fimilar to Phila« dclphia, and contained, in 1796, upwards of 600 houfes, modly of brick, apd 3,000 inhabitants. It has 6 places of public worfliip, viz. % for Pieibyterians, 1 for Swcdifh £pifcppalian;, i for Friends, i for Baptifte, arid i for Methodifts. Here arc two markct-houfcs, a poor-houie, which Rands on the W fide of the town, and is 120 feet by 40, built of ftone, and 3 Aories high, for the reception of the paupers of NewcaAle co. There is anoth- er ftone building which was ufed as an academy, nnd was fupported for f<>nie f:ime with confiderable reputation, tnit by a dct'eiSl in the conftitution of the fcm- iuary, or fume otlier caufe, it has, of late, been entirely negle<5led as a place of tui- tion. There, arc, however, nearly 300 children in the dilfcrent fchools in town, ^bout the year 1736, the firft houfes were built at this place ; and the towp was in- corporated a few years afterwards. It; officers are two burgefTcs, 6 aniAants,and ^wo conflahles, ail of whom arc annually chofen. For other particulars, fee Beta- ware, N lat. 3V 4 J 18, W long. 75 3*- tVilmot, a townlliip of Nova Scotia, Annapolis ^o. fettled from Ireland and Kew England. Wiif.Hy a county of Mero diflriift, Ten- neflee, containing 3,i6t inhabitants, of fvhom 729 ite llaves. flTilJonvUtc, a town of Pennfjlvania, i littiated on the Walenpapeck, at I'tc juntSViiin with the Lesawacfcin, 110 miles N of Philadelphia. Here are al- ready eredted 14 houfes, a faw and grif> mill, and a large building for manufac^tur- ing fail cloth. The creek here falls up- wards of 300 feet, fome fav 500, in the fpace of a mile ; for 17 miles above the fails the creek has a gentle current H^ilton, a village of Charlefton diftti porated in 1764. It is on Miller's River, and contains 1,092 inhabitants. This place was vifited by a dt^cadiul tornado, on the 31 ft of Ot'Vober, 1795, which did confiderable damage. Windefier, a poft town of Cotine<£ticut, in Litchfield co. about x 3 or 15 miles N of Litchfield. It has 1,368 inhabitants. ^iW7j/7«r, a townlhip of N. Hanipfhire, in Chefliirc co, E of Hinfdale and Fort Dummer, adjoining. It is 110 miles from Portfmouth, and contains i,4r3 inhabit- ants. Wincbtfier^ a poft town, and the chief town of Clarke co. Kentucky, 546 miles from Wafliington. It has 130 inhabitants. Wincbefler, or FredericLtown, a poft town of Virginia, and the capital of Frederick ca It is near the head of Opeckon Creek, which empties into Patowmack River ; about 36 miles from the celebrated paf- f^gc of the Patowmack through the Blup Ridge, aud 83 miles from V^afliington. It is a handfome and flourifliing town, ftanding upon low and broken ground, and has anumbei of refpedtable buildings, among which are a c^urt-houfe, gaol, » Preft>^teriaH, '»rsppr~v:ar" !ck, at lu cfein, 1 20 [ere are al- vr and grift unufa 1,495 inhaUitauti. tVihHl(ji\ a port town and the capital of Bertie co. N. Carolina ; on Cufliai Kivcr, and rontaiiiH 137 inlial>itants, a court- houfc and jraoL It is %z mile* W by S of Edenton, iS from Plymouth, 97 from Halifax, and 481 from Philadelphia. Wir.dj'.r, a townfliip in L. Canada, on the N £ liank of St. f rancis River, S £ of Shipton adjoining. It has but about 3 or 4 families. IVinduard Pafuge, a name given to a courfe froir the S E part of the ifland ol Jamaica, ' 1 t. n W. Indie*, and extending for 160 ijHgiiCA to the N fide of Crooked Idandin the Bahamas. iShipj* have often failed tiuoueh this channel from the N part of it to tlie itland of Culia, or the Gulf of Mexico, nctwithftanding the com- mon opinion, on account of the current, which is n^ainll it ; that they keep the Bahama (hore on board, and that they meet the wind in fummer for the mod part of the channel caftetly, v. hich with a counter current on fliore puihes them eafily through it. Windward Fu'wf, near the eaftern ex- tremity of the ill.ind of St. Chriflophcr's, is the £ point of Sandy Hill Bay ; % miles W N W of St. Anthony's Hill Point. fVinee, or BtacL /iiver, in S. Carolina, rifes in Camden diilricl, and runnings E through Chcraws into vjeorgctown dif- tridt, unites with Pedce River, about 3 miles ab(/ve Georoctown. Winball, a townfliip of Vermont, Ben- nington CO. 30 miles N £ of Bennington, having 38a inhabitants. PFinnipifcn^ety a lake in N. Hampfliire, and the largeft collection of water in the State. It is 2» milts in length from S E to N W. and of very unequal breadth, but no where more than 8 miles. Some Very long necks of land project into it ; and it contains feveral iflands, large and fmall, and on which rattlc-lnakes arc common. It ahouuds with fifli from 6 to 20 pounds wtiijiit. The mountains which furround it give rif..- t-» many ftrcams which fli-w into it ; and Iietwecn it and the mountaiiH,nrc fevtral Iclfcr punds, vvhich communitatv" with if. Contiguous to this lake are the tuwniliips of Mouitonbor- ough on tlir N \V, I'uitonhoro'.if^h and Wolfboroii-h on the N E, Meredith and Gilmaniown (;n t!:c .S W. From the S E extremity of iljis lalci-, called Merry Meeting Bay, to the N W part called Scater liar hour, there i? ;i->od navigation 1, in the rummer, and generally a good road in c winter ; the lake is frozen about 3 months in the year, and many fleighs and teams, from the circumjacent towns, rrofs it on the ice. See Ajuedtcbton, Winni> pifcocee River conveys the waters of the Ir.kc mto Pemigcwaflct River, through its eaflerii bank at New Chefler. The uni< ted dreams there take the name of Mer« rimack River. IVinlaHd, a country accidentally dif- covered by Biron or Bioru, a Norman, in 1 001 ; fuppofed to be a part of the idand of Newfoundland. It was agaiit vifitcd, and an intercourfe opened be< twecn it and Greenland. In iiai, Eric, biflu)p of Greenland, went to Winland to recover and convert his countrymen, who had degenerated into fava;5C3. Thia prelate never returned to Greenland ; nor was any thing more heard of VS inland for feveral centuries. JVinkcly or IVenlotit ^ townfliip of Ver- mont, in EfTcx CO. W of Minehead. JVinitebagOt a lake of the N W Territory, W of Michigan Lake, and S W of Bay Puan, into which it fends its tvaters. It is about 15 miles long from £ to W, and 6 wide, ii receives a large dream from the S W, called Crocodik River. Fox River enters it from the W, and by it, through Ouifconring River, hau commu- nication with Miflilippi River, intehupt- cd by a portage of only 3 miles. The centre of the lake lies in lat. aljout 43 30 N, and long 88 10 W. See Oui/eonfmg and Fox Rivirs. lVinneLagoei,M\ Indian nation, inhabit- ing round the lake of the fame name, who can furnifh a or 30O warriors. Their town (lands on an ifland at the £ end of the lake, of about 50 acres extent, and dilVant from Bay Pnan 35 miles, accord' ing to the courfe of the river. The town contains about 50 honfes, which are (Irongly built with pallil'adcs. The land adjacent to the lake is very fertile,abouud* ing fpontaneoufly with grapes, plnnis, and other fruit. The people raife a great quantity of Indian corn, beans, pumpkins, fquafhes, melons, and tobacco. The lake abounds with fifh, and in the autumn or fall, with gccfc, ducks, and teal, that are very fat and well flavoured by feeding on wild rice, which grows plentifully in thcfe parts. Mr. Carver thinks from the relult of his inquiries of the origin, language, and cuftoms of this people, that originally redded in forae of the prov- 'nc<;f of Mexico, aud. migrated to thit countrf WIN Wit a good roid zcn about 3 ' flcighs and towns, rrofs )ff. Winiii- atcrituf the through its The uni» me ot Mer- eutally dif- a Normani >art of the was again opened be* iiai.Eric, :o Winland ountrymen, a'?c9. This iiilHiid ; nor tf Winland [liipof Vcr- head. J Territory, i W of Bay waters. It I to W, and Iream from liver. Fox and by it, au conimu- intenupt* niics. The .Ijout 43 ;?o OnifconftHg oninhabit- r»nie name, iors. Their le E end of extent, and Ics, accord' The town which are The land ile,abound- pcs, plums, raifc a great , pumpkins, . The lake autumn or al, that are by feeding plentifully hinks from the origin, people, that the prov- ted to thi> country toontry about the year 1670. Their language it diiTerent fiom any other yet difcovcred ; and they converl'c with oth- er nations in the Chippcway tongue. H'innifeg, or IVmntfeck, a lake in U. Canida, N W of Lake Superior. It lies between lar. 51 and 54 N, and Ion. 95 30 and 99 W. It is ai 7 miles long, including Baikefcoggan or Flay Green Lake, its northern arm ; and is 100 miles broad from the Canadian Houfe on the E fide, to Sable river on the W fide. It receives the waters of a number of fmall lake« m every dire(Aion,and exhibits a number of fmall ifles. I'be lands on its bank? are laid, by Carver and other travellers, to be very fertile, producing vad quantities of xvild rice, and the fugar tree in great plenty. The climate is confiderably more temperate here than it is upon the Atlantic coad, 10'' farther fuuchward. It is the rcfervoir of feveral great rivers. Nelfon River condutSls its waters into HudTon Day. In lat. $1 4J it contra<51s icfelf and is but two miles wide. This lake and others in this quarCer,havetheir banks on the N formed of black and grey rock, on the S by a low, level country, nvith ridges of limedone zo, 30, or 40 feet high. The inhabitants round this lake are a few Knifteneaux and .'Vlgon- quia tribes. No maple trees arc found W of this lake. Winnipeg, Little, a lake which lies W of the former, and has communication with Lake Minitoba, on the S, which lad fends the waters of both into Winnipeg Lake, in an E N E courfe. It is 80 miles long and ij broad. Fort Dauphin is fcatcd on a lake contiguous, on the V, whofe V'aters empty into this L'.ke. Dauphin Fort lies in lat. 51 46 N, and Icn 10054 W. Winnipeg River, runs N W into the lake of its name. It is the outlet of the wa- ters of a vad chain of lakes ; the chief of which are La Pluc and I.ake of the Woods. The lat. of the Provificm St )re at the bottom of the river, is 50 37 N. Wintijloyt^b, a poft town, and the cap- ital of FairLcId co. S, Carolina ; fituated on a branch of Wateree Creek, which empties into the river of that name. Here are about 25 houfes, a handfome court houfe, a gaol, and a college called Mount Zion college, which is fupported by a refpedldbic focicty of gentlemtu, and has been long incorporated. It is 30 miles N N W of Columbia, 130 from Charlellon, 708 from Philadelphia, and 541 from Wafliinjton. Vol. J. Nnon IVinJIav), a port town of Kennebeck co. Maine, on the E fide of Kenneheclc R. 1 3 miles N of Augufta. Fort Halifax was built at this place in 1754, on the point rl land at the confluence of Scbafticoolc and Kennebeck rivers. This town u i'i miles N by E of Portland, »ti from Bof- ton. It was incorporated in 1 771, and contained in i;90, 779 inhabiiauts, and in 1800, IZ50. IViutfri.m, a place in Amelia co. Vir- ginia. Bhu:k lead is found here ; but no works for its manufacture are cfl»blifl)- cd ; thofc who want it go and procure it for themfelve*. ii'ittthrop, a port town in Kennebeck en. Maine, between Androfcocgin and Ken- nebeck river.i, about 10 miles from each ; 5 miles cafterly of Monmouth ; 10 W by S of Hallowell, 57 N of Portland. 1 he townfliip was incorporated in 1771, and contains 1219 inhabitanta. Winthrop'i Buy, On the N coafl of the illand of Antigua. Wintun, a county of Orangeburg diC- tritSk, S. Carolina. IVinton, a poft town of N. Carolinn, and capital of Hartford co. on t> e S J fide of Chowan river, a few miles bilow the place where Meherrin and Netta- way join their waters. It has a court houfe and gaol, and a few rompaJt lioii/e», It is 12 miles from Murrrcefl)onnijih, ^5 from the bridge on Bcnnct's Crce'i, 130 S S E of Pcterfburg, in Virginia, aiul 4;,4 from Philadelphia. IVinyatv Bay, on the coaft of S. C :»ro- lina, communicates with the ocean i: miUs below Georgetown. Sec Cecrgi- town. WifcaJJ'et,^ port of cntrj'and pofl town of Maine, Lincoln co. on the W fiJc of Shecpfcut river, 178 miles N E by N of Borton, and 6.59 from Wafliington.' It was lurmcrly Pownalborough. It coi;t;'.ius a congregational church, and aI)out 1.50 houfts. Its navigation is greater in pro- portion to its fize and numiur of inhabit- ants than any part of Maflachufetts. A gazette is publidied here, and the coiiniy courts are held in it. Wifeaflet Point is 3 leagues from Crofs river. The exports tor one year, ending the 30th of .Septc m- ber 1794. amounted to 23,329 cloil.cs. A hank was eftahliflied here in i8c2. Witcharn Bay,\% within the great ound in the Bermudas Illan<]s,in the W. Indies; fituated at the E part of the bottom or S part of t!ie Sound, having a fmall illands at the mouth of it. Woab»J JflamK on the lea road of Maine, j; league* N V. of C'at»-* I'orpoilc, and S Why S 4 league* nt Kiclimaii'k lll^iii). }Vo\ep^r, a port town of Maflachufetts, and rapital of the above county. It is the largefl iuland town of K. England, and is tiluated about 45 miles W of Uoftcm, 5a N E of Springfield, and 300 N E of Phi- 1 dclphia. 'i he public buildings in this town are X Congregational churches, a handfome court houlc, and a ftrong flone gaol. The inhabitants are a4ii, whti havc> ^ large inland trade, and manufac- ture put and pearl afli, cotton and linen giKids, belidc fome ether articles. The eompaftpart of the town contains about ijo neat houfes, Iituated in a healtliy vale, principally on cnc ftrcct. Printiu" in its various biiiuchoR, is carried on very exteuftvcly in thi» town by Ifaiah I'hom'- as. 'I'i m 111 \: :<. \\ WRI WYO i a*, £14. who in the year 179X, pr!nred % editions of the Bible, the one the .arge royal quarto, the firft of that kind publish- ed in America, the other a b:g: folio, with 50 copper plates, belide feveral oth- er books of confequence His printing apparatus has been reckoned the l^rgelft in America. This townlliip, pari of what was called Qulnfi^arnond by the In- diaris, was incorporated in 1684 ; but br- ing depopulated by Indian hofUlities, the firlt town meeting was held in 1722. It has been contemplated to open a canal between Providence, in Rhode Ifland>and this town. N lat. 44 13, W Ion. 71 44. IVorcfJler, a towuHiip of Pennfylvania, in Montgomery co. IVorcdjhr, the S eafternmoft county of Marvl.iiid, h<»ving Somcrl'et co. and Chef- ■ apeak Bay W, Sinepuxent Bay E, wliich opens to the N. Atlantic Ore in, and Ac- comac CO. in Virginia S. It is well water- ed by Pocomoke, AlFati^uli, and St. Mar- tin's river. It contains 16,370 inhabit- ants, including 4398 fiaves. Chief town, j Snowhill. j tVone/ler, a townfliip of Vermont, in tiie eaftcrnmoft part of Chittenden co. ! about 25 miles E of Burlington, having I 15 inhabitants. JVarmvilk, a town in the MilUfippi Ter- j ritory. 1 IVorth'wrJon, a poft town of Mafiachui- I fetts, in Hamplliiie co. 19 miles W by N of Northampton, and 408 from Wafhing- ton. It was incorporated in 1768, and contains 1223 inhabit nuts. IVreiitkin, the IVolLm inuj>f>3uge of the Ind' ins, a port town of Norfolk co. Maf- fachufetts, on the port rcyad from Boflon to Providence, a; miles S S W of Boftou, and 18 N E of Providcncei containing ao6i inh;ibitant;i ; formerly a pirt of Dcdham, incorporated in i66r. Tliere is a curoui cavern in this to-.vn, called V/avtpjms Rock, from an Indian fam h^ of that name who Jived in it for a number of yea'F. It >8 about 9 feet fquarc, and B feet high, lalFcning from the center to about 4 feet. It is furrounded by broken rocks, and now fcrvcs as a Ihelter for cat- tle and iliec]), as do fevci'al others hcte, formerly inhabited by Indians. ^Vrigltjhorougbr a imatl fettlemcnt or village on Little river, a branch of the •Savannah, about 30 milts from Augiifta. It was fettled by Jofeph Mattock, Efq. one of the Fricndo, who named it after Sir James Wright, then governor of Geor- gia, who pruniuted iti cltabltflvmcaT. iVrig/jijIoviit, in Buck's co. Fennfylvaraa, 4 milts N of Newtown, and 4 W of Def- aware river. fVunalaibtUof, a tribe, the fecond' ia rank, of the Delaware nation. tVjacBnda, a. river of Louifiana, which falls into the Miililippi, 34 milcir below Riviere du Moins. lyyalufing, a port town of Pennfylvania', Luzerne county, 317 miles from Walh- ington. IVyiiluxing Critt in Luzerne' co. Penn- fylvania, falls into tlfe £ Branch of Suf- quehannah river, 3 £ of Ticga Point. IVyutoj Road, in the N. Paciitc Oeean, a place of ancltorage at Atooi Ifland, one of the Sandwich Iflands,in lat. 21 57 N, and Ion. 1S9 47 W. It is at the S W fide, and about 6 miles from the W end of ihe irt- and. The iiland is about 10 leagues long, and aj leagues N W of Wonhoo Idand. WyonJottt, or Wiandats, an Indian nation refiding near Fort Detroit, in the neigh- bourhood oi the Ottawas aivd Putawat- times, whofe hunting grounds are about Lake Erie. The number of warriors, 30 years ago, were, Wyondotts, 250, Otta- was 4C0, l*utawatimes 150. Another tribe of the Wyondotts live near Sandu/ky, a- mong the Mohickons and Caghnawagas^ who together have 300 warriors. At the treaty of Greenville, ih confequence of lands ceded to the United States, the lat* ter agreed to pay them a fum in hand, ^nd in goods to the value ef looo dollars a year for ever. ff^ynton, the chief tovTn' of Hertford cok Edcnton diIlri(H:, N. Carolina. V/yoming, A general nam^ formerly giv- en to a traifl of country ii, 'ennfylvania, on Sufquehannah R. above Wilkfbarra, In the year 1778, the fetflenrent which was known under this name, confided of 8 townfliips, each containing 5 miles fqus^e, fettled from Connecticut, and originally under its jurifdiiSlion, and pro- duced great quantities of grain of all fort", fruit, hemp, flax, dec. inhabited by about 1000 families), who had furniflied the continental army with near 1000 foldiers, belide various iapplies of provifions. &e. In the month of July, all tliefe Houriihing Icttlements were reduced by the Indian;! and tories to a ftate of defolation and horror, almoft beyond defcription. [Sc;.^ fVifmonlanJ.] In the vicinity of Wyom- ing is a bed of coal, of the open burning kind, which gives a very intcnfe heat. Wvoming Falls lie about t miles above Wilkftarre, infylvarja; W of De^ fecond ia ana, which ilej below nnfyivania', om Walli- ' CO. Pcnn- ich of Suf- . Point, c Oeean, a uid, one of 57 N, and W fide, and 1 of ihe iil- lO leagues »f Wonhoo dian nation the neigh- id Puta'wa'- s are aLout \rarrior8, 30 150, Otta- lother tribe ianduHcy, a- ighnavvagasi )rs. At the fcquence of :es, the lat- m in hand, [000 dollars ticrtford cok irmcrly giv- cnnfylvania, Wilkfbarra. went which confided of ng 5 miles !<^icut, and on, and pro- a of all forts, ed by about rniflied the ooofoldiers, ovifions. &c. ;e Hourifhing tlic Indian-i folation aod iption. [Sc::. yof Wyn.-n- pen burning ntenfe heat, mile* above Wilklbarrc, XAL t^'Ilkftarre, and 8| miles above Nanti* koke Falls, N lat. 41 14, \V Ion. 75 53. Wyonoh Creek, in N. Carolina, lies with- in or about lat. 36 36 N. The charter of Carolina, in 1664, extended the bounds tadward as far as the N end of Currituck Inlet, jpoa a ftraight line we(ler>y to this creek. IVytbt, a CO. of Virginia, faid to be no miles ia length and nearly 50 in breadth ; bounded N by Kanhaway, and S by N. Carolina. Thcte arc lead mines in this county, on the Great Kauhaway, 2J miles from the line of N. Carolina, which yield from 50 to 8clbs. pure lead from icclbs. walhedore, but moft commonly 60 to 100. Two of them are worked by the public ; the belt of which is 100 yards under the hill ; and although there are not more than 30 labourers genera' iy employed, they might employ 50 or 60 to advantage. The labourers cultivate their own corn. Twenty, »j, and fometimes 60 tona of lead have been extracted from thel'e mines in a year It contains 5549 free inhaiiitants, and S31 ilaves. Chief town, £vantbum. The court houfe is on the pod road from P.ichmond to Danville, in Kentucky, 301 miles from the former,and 343 from the latter. It is 46 miles from Montgomery court iimile, 57 from Abing- don, and 3JI from Wa£hin2ton. A poll •ifice ia kept here. X AGVA, a harbour on the S E coaft of the ifland of Cuba, and one of the finefl: ports in the W. Indies. It lies between tiic fflands of Pines, or Pinez, and Spirito Santo. Xaintes, Santos, or Alt Saintt If mit, fo ■ameJ from their being difcovercd on that Holy Day, by the Spaniards, on the S £ lideof the ifland of Guadaloupe, and in its jurifditStion. The molt wefterly of thefe three ides is called Terra de Bas. or the Low Ifland, and the molt eafterly Ter- ra de Haut, or the High liland. The third, which lies exaiStly in the middle between the other two, is little other than a Darren rock, atui helps to form a very good harbour. Xiilifco, a province of New Spain, and the moit foutherly on the coafl of Guad- alajara audience. It it bounded S and W by the S. Sea ; E by Guadal.ijara Proper, and Mcchoacan, and divided from Chia- metlan, on the N by a narrow flip of land dcjiopginj t« Oui^Ali^ara, titcpdio^ i;ito TAD the fca. It is not above ijo miles in et* tent either way. It has filver iiiine3, and abounds with Indian wheat, Lut has in\€ cattle. The oil of the IrfcmaL I'.'ir ine, u* the Spaniards cali it, is brought from this ptovincc. It is faid to be tihcHcious in diflfolving tumors, expelling of wind, and til cold humors, by anointing the htliy, and taking a lew drops of it in a glafs of wine, as alio by clyflcrs. It is alio faid to cure ulcers in tiie head, and dcatncfs. I'he Indians are numerous here, and are reckoned braver and more puliic than their neighbouring couiitivnien. 'i'he Xalifco, an ancient city, is the capital, yet the mod confidcrablu place iu it is Com- pol'tclla. Xariiyei, Laguna de Ici, a large lake of Paraguay, in S. America, formed by the river Pai aguay, in its courfe from N to S. Xerts de la Frontera, a town in the fouthernniolt part of Zacatccas, province of Guadalajara audience, in N Spain, in N, America. It is ganifcucd for defend- ing the mines a^aiuit the hollilc Indians. r. ./^£.^(2C^.E, one of the I.ucayos.or Eai hama ifland, fituated S W of Ivleguani Ifland. .N lat. as ^o- Tadkin, a confiderable river of N. Caro- lina, which rifcs in the Alleghany Moun- tains, running £ about 60 miles, then turu- ing to the b S E pafTes the Narrows, a few miles above Rocky river; thence di- rcdling its courfe througii Montgomery and Anfon counties, enters S. Carolina. It is about 400 yards broad where it paf- fes Salifbury, but it is reduced between 2 hills, about 25 miles to the fouthward of that town, to the width of 80 or 100 feet. Fur a miles it is naroow and rapid, but the molt narrow and rapid part is not above half a mile in length. In this narrow pjrt, Iliad are caught in the fpring of the year, by hoop nets, ia the eddies, as fait as the Arongelt men are able to throw them out. Perhaps there is not in the United States a more eligible fituation for a large manufadturing town. Boats with40 orjo hogfhcads pafs tnfily from thefe Rapidsto Georgeto^vn. The late war, by which N. Carolina was grartly con- vulfcd.put a ftop to feveral ironworks. In 1 790 there were 4 or 5 furnaces in the State that were in bialt, and a proportioiv* able number of forges. There was i in Guilford CO. I in Surry, and i in Wilkes, all on the Y>dki& Itmm, th« mouth of Koiky m m 1 1 I f. ril I .lit ''III Jh m YAO, YCA Hockjr river to the ocean, the (Iream af- fumes the name of Great Pedee. Tagarchoca, a lake of Quito, within the limits of the jurifdid):ion of San Miguel de Ibiirra. It is famous for having been the fepitlchre of the inhabitants of Otabalo, wlien taken by HuaynaCapac, the lath Inca ; who, inftead of rewarding their magnanimity with clemency, wa« irritated at the noble refiftance which they made againd his army, ordered them all to he beheaded, an extremely rich. Near to Pittlhurg the country i« well peopled, and there, as well as in Redftone, all the comforts of life are in the greateft abundame. This whole country abounds with coal, whitu lies almod on the furface of the ground. Tankers, a. port town of N. York- '•■> W. Chefter co. bounded E by Bronx iiver. It contains 11 76 inhabitants. TowHjT Frederick'' s JflanJ, on tiie N. V-'. coafl: of N. America, divide* Port lit jra- ham. See Port Ingrabam. Tert, a river of Virginia, wlucii lalo's its rife near the Blue Ridge, and .^mptie? into tlie Chefapeak, a little S of Mr>bjack Bay. At York Town it «(I«^ds thr bell harlx/«»r in the State, w!ii-^h will H<^mit veflelf of tlie largeft fizc The rivr. there narrows to the width of a mile, and is contained within very high banks, clofe tnider which the vefle's may ride. It has 4 fathoms wattr at high tide, for j,c mi'cs above York, to the mouth of Poropotanir, where the river is a mile and half wi^ and the cliaunel only 75 fathoms palftng under ;i very high bank. At the confkk- <;nce of Pamuatty and Mattapony it '•m but J fariuinis depth, which continues up PtknvMkky to Cumberland, where tbt width YOR is ICO yards, and up Matapony to within z miles of frazer's Ferry, where it be- comes aS^ fathoms deep, and holds that about 5 miles. Tori, a river of York co. Maine, which runs up 7 or 8 miles, and affords a tolera- ble harbour for veflels under 200 tons. The rocks, however, render it fomewhat difficult and hazardous for ftrangers. }'6m(, a maritime and populous co. of M^.ine, bounded F. by Cumberland, .S by the ocean, W by N. Hampfliire, from which it is fcpzratcd by Salmon Fall i iv- er, and N by Canada. It is well watered by Saco, Moufom, and other ftreams, and is divided into 20 tovvnflups,and contains 37,729 inhabitants. Chief town, York. 5"ori,a poll town of Maine, in York co. 9 miles N E of Portfmouth, in N. Hamp- fliirc, 20 S of WelU, and 75 from Bolton. N Iftt. 43 16. U is a poit of entry and cap- ital of the county. The river of its name empties into York ii.irbour. It is navi- gable for ven"ils ( / 2JO tons. About a mile from the lea is a wooden bridge acrofs the river, 270 feet in length, which was ere«ffed in 1761. Before the war, 25 or 30 veffels were employed in the W. India trade, and coafting bulinefs, hut their veflels were taken or deftroyed, and little marine buf-nefs is now done, except that a fmall fifliery is fupported. This townfliip was fettled in 1630, and called Agamenticus, from the hill of that name which is a noted land mark for mar- iners. In 1640, or 4::. ?t. Ferdinand Gor- "^8 incorporated a great part of it by the c.me of Gorgitini, and appointtd a mayor, : 'de:me '., recorder, though tliis circum- lii.ice leems not to have added to iti wealth or importance. In the ye;i.r if>^i, the Inci'-^ns took the town by I'urprife, and burn' nofl .if he houfe.", and 150 I srfo"s were killed or captivated. It contains 2776 inhabitants. Fifli of vari- ous kinds freqi! ■' , the rivers and fliorcs (/f thffea coiiiiguous. In a calm feafon, in the lunvnc, one may (land on the rocks of the (lunt; id catch them in the fea, with a line, uc even with an angling rod, and a fathim or two of line. Tan', a county of Pennfylvania, bound- ed F. and h F. by Sufquehannah river, whi/rli feparates it from Lancafter and Dauphinc counties, and S by the State of Maryiand. . contains 18 townfliips, and 25,643 inhabitants. Tori, a port town and capital of the above county, fituated on the E lidc of Codorus Creek, vhkh empties into the ^hifquchaunab. i :li yoR true Sufqaehannah. It contains about jOO rjoul'e feveral of which are of brick. The town in regular!/ laid out ; the pub- lic buildings are a court houfe, a flone gaol, a record oiTicc, handfomely built, an Rcademy, a German Lutheran, a German Calvinid. a Prclbyten.m, Roman Catho- lic, and MoraTian church, and a Quaker meeting houfe. It is 22 miles W S W of l.ancafler, 51 N W by W olH.irtford, in Maryland, 199 N E of Staunton, in Vir- ginia, and J{H VN' of Philadelphia. VortyTi diflri£t of S. Carolina, bounded E by Catabaw river, N by N. Carolina ; S hy Chefter co. and W by Broad river, which divide* it from Spartanburg, and is one of the mofl: agreeable and healthy p«rt8 of the (late, and well watcied by Ca'abaw and Broad rivers, and their tribu'^aric:. It contains 10,248 inhabit- ants, of whom 1804 are (lavts. At the court houfe is a poft office. Tori, a CO. of Virgiiii^i, bounded N by Vork river, which divide^ ic fiom G'ou- celler co. S by Warwick ; E by Elizabeth City CO. and W by that of James City. It contains ilii free inhabicants, and «C20 flares. Tork, or TcrktoivKjA port of entry and polt town of Virginia, and capital of York CO. It is agreeably fituated on the S fide of York river, where the river is fud4icn- Iv cnntradled to a narrow compafs, op- pofite to Gloucefter, and a mile diftant, where there is a fort fronting; that on the York fide, about 11 miles W by S of Toes Point; at the mouth of the river. The banks of the river are very high, and ved'els of the greateft burden may ride clofc under them v ith the greateft fafe- ty. It contains about 60 or 70 houfes, a goal, an Epifcopal church, and a tobacco ware houfe. In 1790, it contained 661 inhabitants, of whom 372 were flaves. lis exports, in the year 1794, amounted to 71,578 dollars. It will ever be famous in the American annals for the capture of Lord Cornwallis and his army, by the combined forces of the United States and France, which took place on the 19th of O<51obcr, I78t. It is la miles E by S of Williamfburg, 41 N W of Hampton. 7a E S E of Richmond, 350 & S W of Phi- ladelphia, and 19a from WaHiiogton. N lat. 37 2' 30, W Ion. 76 5a. Toris a town of Upptr Canada, fituated on the N W fide of Lake Olitario, and if. diifis^ned to be the future feat of gov- ernment of that province. The public Ituildings arc c'red.i»g. It is 40 miles N by Wof Niagara Fort, and 120 W S W of Kingfton. N lat. 43 45, W Ion. 79, or 4 W of Philadelphia. Tork Bay, is 9 miles long, and4 broad, and fpreads to the fouthward before the city of N. York. It is formed by the con- fluence of £. and Hudfon't rivers, and cmbofoms feveral fmal! iilands, of which Governors Illand is the principal. It communicates with the Ocean through tlie Narrows, between States and Long Iflands, which are fcarcely 2 miles wide. The paiTage up to N. York, from Sandy Hook, the ooiut of land that extends fur- theft into the fea, is fafe, and not above ao milcfi in length. The common navi- gation IS between the £ and W banks, in about a a feet water. The light houfe at Sandy Hook U iu lat. 40 30 N, and Ion. 74 a W. York Fort, on the S W fliore of Hudfon's Bay, at the mouth of Port Nelfon river, is 160 miles wefterly of Severn Houfe, N lat. 571 51, W Ion. 9a 46 40. York Harbor, lies within the elbow formed by S. Head, in the Bay of Iflands, Newfoundland Ifland. York IJland, one of the Gallipago iflands, on the coaft of Peru. Yorh IJlf, or Ijlonds, lie in S lat. 50 37, aboui JO leagues from the coaft of Pata- gonia, in S. America, and are inhabited. Trinity Hie lies due E of them near the main land. Yorh Ledgr, on the coaft of Alainc. From York Harbour to York Ledge, the courfe is S E 2 leagues. York MifJIer, on the S coaft of the ifl- and Terra del Fuego, is 19 leagues at E S E from Gilbert Ifland. S lat. SS *6, W Ion. 70 25. York Roaif, or Bay, in tbe Straits of MagelLin, in S. America, is 10 miles from Cape Crofs Tide. S lat. 53 39, W Ion. 75 52. . Yorktown, a townfliip of N York, Well Chefter co. E of PeeklkiM, las 1716 in- habitants. Yuu^h GlaJcs, a poft town Alleghany co, Maryland, 173 ■•le»from Vaibington. Youghiogeiiy. See Yobo^any. YoMHf;/I(>tvn, a poft towr m the co. of Trumbull in the State of Ohio, eowtain- ing in 1800, 503 inhabitants ; 66 miles N W of Pittfburg and 10 from Warren. Set- tled from Pennfylvania and N. England. The main branch of the Big Beaver di- vides this town. It is 329 miles from Wafliington. 7'iK(rt0n, one of (he 7 provinces of tl^e audience 2 AC 2UY > budiehce ■• "-xico, in Nevi^ Spain. The firitifli h : to cut logwood and carry it the treaty of 1783, in the tradi a Rio Honde and Balize rivers. Tuimi: Bjy of. See Higuey. Tuna, a river of the idand of St. Domin- go, which runs an £ S E and E courfc, and empties into the W end of th.' Bay of Saniana. It rifes near Monte Chrifb river. It is navigable no farther than Cotuy, 13 leagues from its moucii. ^ACA'TECAS, a province 01 New Spain, bounded by New Bifcay on the N, by P^nucnon on the E, Mechoacan.Gua- ddlajura, ^ind Cti:amctlan on the S, and by part of Chiamctun and Cuiiacan on the W. It is well inhabited, and abounds witli large villages. The mines here are reckoned the riciieft in America. Zacatecas, the capital of the above province, fituated under tlic tropic of Cancer, 40 leagues N of Guadalajara, and 80 N W of Mexico. Its garrifon con (ids of about 1000 men, and there are about 800 families of (laves, ivho work in the mines jiu' other laborious work. N lat. »3 S9, W Ion. 103 so. Zacallan, a town of Mexico. Sec An- gths, Zacntiila, a fmall feaport town of the province of Mechoaean, fituated at the mouth of the river of the fame name, on the coa(t of the Pacific Ocean. N lat. 17 a2,Wlon. 104 J 8. 11 Zacheo, Or Drfedio, a fmall ifland, 8 or 9 leagues to the N E by N of Mona, be- tween the ifland of St. Domingo, and that of Porto Rico. It u nothing more than a green mountain, 800 or 1000 yards long. Zamora, a city of Peru, in S. America, aoo miles S of Qiiito, which is pretty large, and the houfcs well built of timiicr and ftone. The church and convent of Dominicans, are both elegant (Iruc- turcs. There are feveral gold mines in the neighbourhood of the city, but few of them are worked. S lat. 4 10, W Ion. 77 .5. Zantpvillf, a port town, in the ftate of Ohio, on the Scioto river, about 80 miles from its mouth. Zoart a tTA&. of unincorporated land in Bcrkfliire co. Maflachufetts, contain- ing a 15 inhabitants. Zapotecat, a river of New Spain which runs N K into the Gulf of Mexico. A fort of the fame name (lands on the N W bank of the river, about 250 miles S E from the city of Mexico. Zelito, or Zlltio, one of the forts for the proteiftion of the harbour of Carthagena, on the N coaft of S. America. Zitar, a town of Terra Firma, S.Amer- ica, near to and S from the head of the gulf of Daricn. Zoncohiican, mountains in Guaxaca, ia New Spain, which give rife to Papaloa- pain or Alvarad river. Zonojhio, the chief town of tlie Seneca Indians, 2 miles N of Seneca Lake. ZuyJt River, a name in Dutch maps giv- en to Delaware river. V01..X, 0««« ,ilPP£NDi:(; II' : I • n)\ >■■ ;. ,> T:i nn.'. •»G -rC - J^*»\ APPENDIX. "£ •1 C ,'■»■• ,>>* . ,^v, ; 'Cii; I ARK -^z l-rrt" ■\'' IDAMS, a town In Grafton co. New ■Hampfliire, containing 180 inhabitants. Appoquinimink, a town in New Caftle co. Delaware, containing 4x45 inhal)itants. ^r/'an/iw, a river of I^ouifmna, which falls into the MiHifippi, 158 miles above the Yazoo river. It is fo called from a nation of Indians of the fame name. Its fource is nearly in the latitude of Santa Fee in New Mexico, and it is faid to be navigable for batteaux 750 miles. It runs througit an immenfely rich and fertile country. About 10 or \i miles up this river from the Milfifippi, there was for- merly a fort, garrifoned generally by a company of Spanilli foldiers, for the pur- pofe of dei^nding the trade carried on between New Orleans and the leveral vil- lages of St. GenevivL', &c. and particular- ly for defending the commerce w'tli the Arkanfaw Indians, confiding of about 280 warriors who were as much attached to the French intereft as the Ciiickafaws were to that of the Knglifli. No fettle- meiits were made here except i or i for the immediate accommodation of the garrifon. The inundation of the Milli- iippi, abovit 3 years ago, occafioncd tiie evacuation ot the above poll:, and t.he :;.A1 BAL Af:of,a. town iu Lower Canada, on both fides of St. Francis river, 15 miles N E from the N E point of Lake iNfemphrem- agog. This town is fituated in the cen- ter of new fettlements, formed by emi- grants from various parts of the United States, chiefly fiom N. England, in this part of Canada, and will probably be the feat of judice far a diRrit^ cndiracing the above fettlements. The townfliips are laid out 10 mile-i fquare. This town con- tains about .^00 inhabitants and is fad in- creafing. The coinitry, in this neigh- bourhood, is remarkably fine, covered with i'ugar m.iple, intermingled with butternut, chn, bafs wood and birch. Wheat and corn are raifed here in large crops. It is a good grazing country. The river in this place is from .•^o Iu jO rods wide, :mdfurnii1ies fine fifli, fuch as falmon, fturgcon, trout, pike, pickerel, bafs, and eels, [t-ee Sbipioti.] Tiie terri- tory between the St. Lavrcnce and tht United States, 16, a great pat t of it, laid out in tovvniliips of 10 miles liquare and is faft ftttling. Provilion is made by the government for the maintenance of free foliools,in all places where the inhab- itants are able and difpofed to furniili fchool houfes. ylJhLy, a town in Georgia, Lincoln co. containing 498 inhabitants. At'jin.,ii\(}\ioigu, the feat of the Uni- verllty. yliiniijl.1, a town in Bracken co. Kenr tucky, containing 143 inhabitants. Aiigujld, a townfliip of Oneida co. N. Yorkj on Oneida creek, S E of Oneida Cat t!t ; containing 1398 iiihabitants. B BaIE PAIRRE, a fettlement In tlic MifTifippi territory, Pickering cot con- taini\ig 779 inhabitants. Baltimore, a town in SufTex co. Delaware, iCcotaining 1395 inhabitauta. S: I li BET CAM ^ B*riptaUt a towQ in Lineola ca Oeor* gia, containing 673 inhabitanti. SarnfloH, a townfliip in Lower Canada, on the line which dividet Vermont from Canada, having Sta^ftead W, $|fid Camp- ton N, and contains about 500 fouls. Barret, (formerly Wil4enburgh j) ^ townfliip in Orange fo. Vermont, con- taining 919 inhabitants. Batav!a,a, town in Geneflee ca N. York, on the great road to Niagara, 10 or a a miles W of Geneflee river. Here i* a handfome court houfe, and a number of dwelling houfes, whofe appearance is indicative of an infant though thriving fettlement. This town is fituated within the limits of an extenfive tradV, purchafed by a companv of Hollanders, called the " Dutch purchafe," and is fettling under their dire. Bolton, a townfhip, in L. Canada, on the W fide of the northern part of Mem- phremagog, having about 250 inhabitant*, 20 miles Wof Afcot. Bridgeport, Fairfield co. Ses NnefiiU. Broad Greek, a town in SuflTex co. Dela- ware, containing 1819 inhabitants. Brampton, a townfliip on the S W bank of St. Francis, in L. Canada, N W of Afcot, and has about 100 inhabitants. BrooHine, townfhip, in Windham co. Vermont, was made out of part of Athene and Putney, in 1794. Buffaloe and Bate Sarah, fettlements iq the Mifljfippi territory, Adams co. con- taining 63J inhabitants. Li AB ARRAS Co. in N. Carolina. On 4 creek in this co. a bed of gold ore has late- ly been found, frqm which has been tak- en a lump of aSlbs. eftimated to be worth between 5 and 6000 dollars. The land, on which this ore is found, btlohgs to Mr. John Reed, a native of Hefle Caflel, Germany. North Carolina paper, Dec, 5, i8o> Cambria, 9 fettlement confiding of io,0QO acres, formed by emigrants froni Wales, on the waters of Conemaug and Black Lick, in Somcrfet co. Pennfylva- nia, begun in the autumn of 1796. In this fettlement is laid out a town named Beula, ; mile fquarc ; 395 acres in which are appropriated to the benefit of the firft fetllers for pi^blic buildings, fchools, a li- brary, and tor the encouragement of agri- culmre and manufa(!lures ; and 200 acre* in the fettlement, for the diflfc^ninating of religious knowledge. It is 13 miles from the Fiankftown branch of the Jtihiata, 13 frorn the W branch of the Sulquehanna, 14 from Clearfield creek, and 8 from Chert C^ek ; on the Juniata road froim Philadelphia to Pittfbiirg, about 230 miles from the former and 80 from the latter. Five hundred ground lots (58 feet CHE COE feet by lis) >° the town, were offered for fale (1797) at lodolU. each, payable in cafh, or valuable books to form a public library in the town for the ufe of the fet- tle rs. Harrit, Camden, a townihip of Oneida co. N. York, N of the lake, and embracing the weftern branch of Fifli creek ; containing 384 inhabitants. Canada. The Spaniards were the iird who difcovered Canada. On therr arri- val in the country, finding nothing which they thought valuable in it, they foon abandoned it, and named it // Cafodi na- da, that is A Cape of Nothing, hence by cor- ruption fprung the word Canada, which is ufed in all our maps. Hinnipin. CaftUton, a village in the townihip of Bchoodack, in Renflitlaer co. N. York. Cedar Creek, a town in Suflex en. Dela- ware, containing 35 13 inhabitant!). Cbafalia, the weftern mouth of the Mif- fifippi. It is the firft branch that turns ofF from the main dream. It leaves the Miffilippi in the W part of the remarka- ble bend to the W, which it makes jud below the 31° of N tat^-and appears to have been the Red River. Once proba- bly the courfe of the Mifliflppi kept a diretSt courfe from Clarkfvillc to Bayou Tunica ; water now runs acrofs this neck, when the river is high, and feveral ponds lie in this fpace ofS miles; but the river breaking through its W bank to fweep an arch of 50 miles, flung iitfelf into the channel of Red river, and when again it turned £,part of its waters continued in the channel, and that por- tion is now Chafalia. RedR.now entersthe Miffifippi where its banks were fird brok- en through by that conquering ftream. The ^rees carried down the current of Chafaija, have legged and formed an im- menfe floating bridge, over which not only men, but cattle and horfes may pafs. Cbatbam, a townlbip in Grafton co. N. Hampfliire, containing 183 inhabitants. Cbattaboucbe, a large river navigable from its mouth above the S line of the fJnited States. Sloops afeend to the mouth of Flint river. The banks are low for 40 miles from the mouth, and ex- cepting a few places, are inundated every Tear. Limedone is found a few miles Dclow Flint river, and afcending this river iron ore is difcovered. See jipatachicola. Ellicott. Cherfecocit, a town in Orange co. N. York, has an 6 inbabitaati. It is W of $toney Point. Cbetfea, ft townfhip in Orange eo. Ver« mont, coutaining 897 inhabitants. Cbiago, a river which empties into the S part of Lake Michigan, in the N- W, Territory. The head waters of this riv« er interlock with the waters of the Illi- nois river. The government of the U. S, has lately determined to ereift a fort at Cbiago, on the mouth of this river, on the bank of the Lake, and another (fort hat already been built on the head waters of the two rivers above named. Thefe will complete a chain of forts and garrifons, from Fort Adams, below the Natchez to Niagara, through the heart of the Wed- ern country. The number of troop$ that garrifon thefe forts, arc notfufficient to repel a formidable enemy, but to keep in fubjedlion and awe the natives of the wildernefs, whofe enmity has ceafed to be the terror of Americans. The Company of Infantry who it to build, and garrifon the fort at Cbtago, arrived there lafl fum- mer. The warriors in the neighbour- hood of that place colIe(5led together and told the commanding offlcer th.it it would be againft their confent if the fort was ereifted, and if he perfevered in building, they would eolle<5t 3 or 400 of their warri- ors and oppofe their defign. The cfliccr replied that he was fent there by the Gov- ernment of the United States to build a fort, and he fliould proceed on with .nil pofllble difpatch. And thus the bufintfa it is fuppol'cd will terminate. Chili, extends from the uninhabited parts of Atacama, which divides it from Peru N, to the Illes de Chiloc on the S, and from the Pacific Ocean W to the foot of the Andes or Cordilleras. It it divided into two biflioprtcks or provin- ces, St. Jago, and Conception, each of which has an Intendent. St. Jago is the capital of Chili ; it was founded in 1541, and contains 30,500 inhabitants. About a million of fpecie is annually coined in this city. The fubordinate cities in thit great kingdom, are Coquimbo, Chilian, Conception, and Valdivia ; and the prin- cipal towns are Valparaifo, Capiapo, Val- lenar, St. Francifco de Borja, St. Raphael de la Rofa, La Ligua, Quillota, Los An- des, Mellipilla, St. Jofeph, Acongua, St, Ferdinand, Curico, Taica, Linores, Nue- va, Bilhoa, and Caugcres. Vancouver. Cinthiana, a town in Harrifon co. Ke&« tucky, containing 87 inhabitants. Coeneeub, a river of Florida, which fallt into Penfacola bay, which it an excellent harbour. The river it navigable withii^ m ("^^ FRE FRE rtellneof the United StatM. VefTtlg.wIiich cir.ku' luit more t!iiii 21 feet of w.itLr, may lalV ly crof* the bar at any time Tlie burik^ (.f the river arc iuiiiiJ.itcd, a large |M>rti(in Mi' every fpriiiy, inim its muiitl) m.'.iiy mil >> above tlit- S line oi t!ie U. S. witli the cxeeptio:> of a very few places. Ceti-lii-/?^-r, Conncifv'cut. Tti Ivov. 1S03, an aciikni y l)v tlic name of .'//.«» ^ ailetify, Vi'in i;ni;d in thi-j town. fcr. the ae- ooinir.odatiop. of the feliolars, a 1.. ge,cle- ;aii> hriek buiKlitig l.iis lice 1 < T'-Clei', 75 y .54 fc'Ct in U/c, aiul ,; fiories li'jih. It it. divide J ii to a l\)aeimi.^ itall, ami cin- v-;nicnt ap:'.riru-r't J for t'lj diiiercnt i;r,iuchc,s of iiiftruclion. Tlie funds of tU( Infhtu'.ion, iunouiit ;ci 36,000 do'Iu'i. C7c./^■^t■;■, enters the K:jiiha\/a on t'ic W fide ahotit ,50 inil-;s from Its inoulh. Its letigtli is about ico miles. C'lc's Cf.vi, a fottleiri'rot In Mi'Hiippi trrrritory, Picltfrir.g eii. roiuainlng 14^3 inhahitaiiti. CoitcurJ, a town in C;ih;u ras co. I>. C.ir- oliiiii, containing ^^ iuhalj.tants. n. D ^r.F.RFir..LP, a townfliip of Oneida CO. K. Yi>rl-, on t!ie I ''oIi.-'v.-Il Riv.-r, op- ponte Utier.. It has ic.(8 inh; !)itaut8. Djivcniry, f.iiicnd'.red to the BriliHi, Sept. iji, iSpj. , , E J^LTZAnEril I'OIVN, is fitnated in llarden co. Kcniucky, and contains j;6 in- h;;bitant8. EU'icuttfviUe, a town in the MiiTifippi territory, Pickering co.'containiug j6 in- habitants. Tif/n-ranzJ, a villajjc on the W fide of Hudfon river, oppofitc Hudfcn city. See EJf^qucho. fiirrcnikred to the Britifli, F Fair chills, a fettlcmcnt in the MifVifippi territory, Fickering co. contain- ing 3 ; J inhabitants. F7h-oiith, a town in Pendleton co. Ken- tucky, containing 40 inliabitants. ircri-.in, a plantation on Sebafticook fiver, Kennebcck co. Maine, containing 3J4 inhabitaiils. IREDp^^IA' UQder thig new generic ^'P ' ^ ' " . name ' is eotnprehcndcd the v ' ole Ttr» ritory now under tlic government of the tbiitcd Staten ; bound' d N by Tipper and . V rr C.ir.ad.i, L by N. IJninb.ick and , W by N. Mexirti and the !^lii:iing Mi unt;iins, which divide the ncfl.i-n w.iteru 'if the Miflfii'ppi. froin tliofe which f.dl into the Pi' ifie Ocean. 'I'lila T».i- itnry lies bctvvei n J.) and ^O N I It. and 66. 'lid 116 W Ion. I'loni Gnen- \i'ii.h. Its extreme Li ^tli (r ,.n F. to \V i i iijiwrirds of 20( o miitii, and its ixtrcinc brcachh iibont i^oo. Ir 's tftimatcd to euiKaiii ne.ifly 3.OO0.DCO fi^uarc miles, wh'ch in fourfiftis as niariy a's are e:)i.taincd in all F.uropc. It is about twee the five of ths Chincfe Empire, aa.l if wc except RuIUa, it is by fir the lavjjell territory on earth, vliofe in- iiab.rr.nts live ur.dcr the fame general 'government. The Miffuippi river c.ivldes Frc.hnia nearly in iti Cfntic, l':a\ing 1,000,000 fqi'are miles t of it, in the ;iiefent U. Slates, and nearly tfce fame ni r.iher of fquarc milc» W of it. The vi.Ie, if it may be fo calltd, between the Ailcghafiy and Sliining Monataitis, which i.. interfiled by the MifTifippi, and wa- tered by its numerous r.nd large caftern and wcKern biuaehcs, cunt.iins neatly a inillic.i and a half fcpiare miles, and may be r..ekoned among the flneft portions of the globe. Fi\'h;iij ha.s a fea coafl of many thoufaiid ni les in extent, along which are but few illands of much import- ance, but full of harbours, many of tliem equal to any in the wgrtd.' Its mountains, lakes, and rivers, are all upon a large feale. Its climate and foil are adapted loalnioftallthe variety of produc- tions which the eaith affords. Over the vafi furface of Predonia are fcattered, in fome parts (particularly K.Engl^nd) thick- ly, but generally very fparfely, about five millions anda half of mhabitants, cxclufivc of Indians, a feventb part ofvhom are in flavcry. The /'rf..'on/anj,cxcept the aborigi- nal inhabitants, and the negroes imported from Afric,i,andtheirdcfccndants of every fliade, art- a people collti^cd from almoft every nation in Europe, and tlieir poftcr- jlv. A part of Frfi/onia, which fliould h:vebeen introduced under the head of Loui/i.i/ia, but accidentally omitted in its plaec, is here fobjoined. General dtfcription nf Vppir Louiftana, " When compared with the Indiana ter- ritory, • rlii ri-akii\c t'l'i ;iilo)iriii.t rli":s name are men- tiuiicil ill tlwiJitiattf, whicli lee. FRE FllE ritory,thc fare of the coiiutrv in Upper Liiuiiuna i. rather more brolctn, chi)ii}',h the loii in equally fenilt. • It ij a f.icl not to be ciiutcded, that tl»c W liile of rlic ^^^rcr poiKH'tB fomf »dv miagit, not ;;• nr- rally iiui.knt to thofe rcjjion',. It is cU- j vatcil and healiliy, iml wlU w.itcrcd v.iili ! a variity of lirjji* r.ipid (lr<.airi«, ial( ulat- | ed for mill* anil otiior v.';it. r work*. ; From cape Giraiidciii, above- tUc nioiitU i of the Oliij, \'> ihc Mil!'i>uil, tlr.' lami on ; the L fidcof tli«*Mil'iiii>pi i, low .11. I flat, ] and occafiiin illy ixpoltd to imiudntioiu ; j that on the I.()iiifi->na lidc con,! uiuis to 1 the ri/tT, i» iitii.r.illy miicli lii;. i" uiid in many plac.s v.iy 10 Wy <le ai^d cnteriril'inj- tr.idcrs, wlut liuv(! vificd 't, and wlio have exhibited itvt imI tiulliels of tlie Jalt to llic curiufity of tlic people of St. Louis. wKeie fi'iiie I'l it II II rjm jin«. A fp'.'rimen ot tin' .'auie l.iK ii u» Inen fciit to \.'.irictfa, 'I'hl- mountain i* laid n> lie iJ'o niil ■^ 'long. and 4 , in v«i(li|i, cori[!oled of I'll'il roek f.ilt, witlmut .'.ny tr' t .,or even flu-ub> en it '! .Salt i'prings.'irc very luinicrous bene ith the fiiil'ace of the ^(.^^^"in, ami tlicy How tlirouj;!! tiic -i.'- fiire:> ai'.il cavilu:. »f it. C ;'.v».'s of l:iU- petTL- arj fin.ud in U. Louiliana, t!.oi";',!i r.t loi.ie di;..!nce iro;n the JettUmiitJ. Voiir men on a tradiui', voviige, Liuly di.'- cov red die Icvsr.'.l huixlreu iiiiU'sup the Mii'i'uri. 'J'hey ipcnt 5 or weeks m tiif. manufacture of this attlile, ani! re- turni'.'l to ."^t. l.tniii v.ich ;o. cv/t. of it. It p,-.)ved to be good and tt.cy fold it IV..- a lii;.;ii price. 'T he ge'^graphy i.; ilie MiliV- lippi und Milfouri, and their continuity for a great leiv^lh «f way, are but litth: known. The truiers m'lert that, ico mil<;s above their juuiT^iim, ;'. m.-.n ciny WAik from one to the other in a d.iy ; an J it if flill iiilerleditlnit 700 laiics llill liiylicr up, the ])ort.tgc may be crciled in -i or ; da/-. Tlii»p,'n;tjje i.l'rciiiu'nttjdbytradcr:*, wiio carry oti a conrulerablc tr.ide with foine of the Miffouri Indian*. Their general rout:- i^i tlirough Gre'-n Hay, wliiih is an :.r;n of 1 akc Michigan ; they then pafs inio a fmall lake coniiccl-'il with it, ard wliieh communicates with tlie Vox river ; they then cvofs over a fl;ort port- age intc) tlie Ouiftonlinjj river, which unites with the MifTifippi fome diftance b( low the falls of St. Anthony. It is alfo faid that the traders communicate with the Miflifippi above thele falh, through Lake Superior, but their trade in that quaiter is much lel's confiderable." Jcfnfirt. The great difTerence in climate, in the m^des of obtaining fubfiftcnce.inl ngu?gc, religion, and political opinions, and con- fequently in the feelings and interefts of the inhabitants, throughout this valf ter- ritory, may for e\ er prevent any great fimilatity of chara(£ler. The unavoidable induffry and hardihood of the N. will al- ways lorm a h.arfli contraft to the cafe and indulgence of the S. What cfFed: however, a generic name would have in formir.g a uniform national chara«5fer, I in defiance of ail thele obdacles, remains to *' ' I IS l'\ m %, «>. ^.J^ ▼^nO. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) m> z 1.0 11.25 im — 6' u mil 1.6 V] 7: f f > ^ ^^l^'^' ^\.'^ ^w^ % >>. '>> 7 /^ Photographic Sciences Corporation \ SJ ^^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14980 (716)872-4503 4. &> A \ to DC tried. Such a name has long Been a deflderatum. To furnifli a fpecimen, from which may be perceived the advan- tage and convenience of fuch a name, is the whole defign of this article. KjrSRMANTovun, is fituated in bracken CO. Kentucky, and contains 8i inhabit- auts. Grt:n Bay, on lake Michigan, contains 50 fouls. Ha 'AJiDMNSBUSG,ttotrn in Bracken* fidge CO. Kentucky, containing 49 in- habitants. Homo Cbitte, a fcttlement in the Mifli- lippi territory, Adams cu. containing 763 inhabitants. l&J XNDIAN River, a town in Suflex co. ^Delaware, containing 1547 inhabitants. Irtdtll, a townihip in Tcncfl'ec, Knox to. containing i inhabitant. Izaviaty a fcttlement on Red river, in Louiiiana, 75 miles from its mouth, and 30 above the mouth of Black liver. It is the firit high land that will admit of fct- tlement, on account of the overilownig of the river. It is called an ifl.iud, and is fo at high water : it is a beautiful prairie, on the S fide of Red river, about ao miles in length, and 4 or 5 in breadth, of an oval form, furmunded with tliick wood, interfperfed with handfome clumps of trees, tufted over with ^ne grafs, and fet- tled all round the edge in a circular form. Their fields are in the prairie, in front of their houfes, and the centre of the pra- irie (which is not cultivated) is covered with cattle qra very large fize. In the month of ^iarch. 1803, the number of families was 296. The land, when ploughed, has a very rich appearance, and produces corn and cotton abundantly, but not to be compared to the river lands, or the Apalula or Tuckepa prairies. Sibley. yamejhn, a town of Martin co. N. Car- olina, containing 69 inhabitants. Jarmington, a town in Hyde co. N. Car- olina, containing 46 inhabitants. 'Jtfftrfon, a town in the Miflifippi ter- ritory, WaChingtoa co. containing 473 ia- habitantt. MAS JoHUfSt.i. town in Kent co. Delaware | containing ij 86 inhabitants. iLlNtSTON, a town in TenefTee, Knox county, containing 77 inhabitants. M^'AiGL£, a townfliipofthe Indiana Territory, St. Cbir co. having 250 fouls. Lnuit and Rebobotb, a town in SuflcX county, Delaware, containing 1514 iuhab« itants. Little Greet, a town in Kent co. Dela' ware, containing 1908 inhabitants. Little Creek, a town in Suficx co. Dela' Ware, containing 2164 inhabitants* LouifvilU, a town in JcfTtrfon co. Ken' tucky, containing 359 inhabitants. Lumberton, a town in Robcfon co. lit Carolina, containing 173 inhabitants. JvLALDONADO, a town fituated near the mouth of the Rio de la Plata, in the province of Montevideo, about one mils diftant from its port, which is tolerably good, and capable of receiving the largest fhips. The houfes are built of brick, and have uniformly flat roofs, made of flat tiles and overlaid with lime mortar, one ftory high. Six miles diftant from Mal- donado, in the country, is another village called Villa Nueva, a pleafant little place. Maldonado has no foreign trade. Forejl. Maris St. Fort, (lands on a point of land at the confluence of the Apalachy and another dream. Lat. 30 8 29 N. The fort is of hewn limeildne ; the country round is almoft as level as the waters in the bay. When the tide, wliich rifes about a or 3 feet, is aided by a S W wind, the lands adjacent are overflown. The foil is 2 or 3 feet deep, and lies on a hor- izontal bed of limenone. About half aa acre round the fort is raifed above the tide, for a garden. Ellicott. Majfacre JJle, an ifland on the coaft of W. Florida, now the eaftern divifion of Louifian;^, about ai miles long, and 3 broad. It received its name from the colony of Frenchmen, who firft landed here, in about 1718. They obfcrved an unufual tminence, which, on examination, proved to be an enormous pile of human bones, and on inquiry, were informed that a coDQucccd tribe of Iftdivu who repair- a ri^ver c into the fide, in tl V«i. I. MON NAT " Delaware « Teneflctj habitants. e Tndiatu 350 fouls. in SuITcX 5l4iiihab* CO. Dela' lilts. CO. Dela' int8< a CO. Ken' ints. :fon CO. iit litaiits. uatcd near ■lata, in the ut one mila is tolerably g the largeft f brick, and lade of flat mortar, one from Mal- >ther village little place, ide. Forejl. oint of land lalachy and i9N. The he country e waters in. which rifes 1 S W wind, lown. The es on a hor- out half an above the Ellieott. the coaft of diviiion of ong, and 3 e from the firll landed obfcrved an ixamination, le of human iformed that who rcpalr- W here for fafcty, were purfued by their cbemics, flain, and their dead bodies bu- ried in this pile. They afterward chang- ed the name, and called it Dauphin IJle. . Mateptdiacb Late and JHwr, in Lower Canada. The river is a northern branch of Riftigouche river. The lake, which )ias the fhape of a tree, gives rife to the river, and lies about half \y between the rivers St. l^awrence ami Riftigouchc. Mjyfvilie, a town in M afon co. Ken- tucky, containing 1.^7 iaiiubitants. Melborne, a townfliip on the S W ban'i of St. Francis river, oppolite Shipton, con- taining about 150 fouls. MicbiUimakinak,cy^n^z\ai^li^ fouls. .See MicbiUimakinak. On the I ft of Auguftj 1800, were here from Canada, 300 boat-' men. Milier/iiir/r, a towrt in Bourbon co. Kentucky, containing 91 inhabitants. Minden, a towiidiip of Montgomery CO. N. York, on the Mohawk river, E of German flats. It has 2928 inhabitants. Mifcoiu, an ifland about 10 miles long and 6 wide, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, forming the S £ point of Chaleur Bay. Mijtftppi. See a defcription of it un- der the head, Louifuna. MifpiUtn, a town in Kent co. Delaware, containing 5236 inhabitants. Mittbel, a townfhip in the Indiana ter- ritory, Randolph cok containing 334 fouls. JHon/on, iS'c. read W of HrimJieU. MoHttviJeo, (name of the city is St, Fe- lipe^ it is a walled city.ntuated on a fmall peninfula in the province of Montevideo, of which it is the feat of the government, and is the only naval port the Spani.irds have in that country, and this is but an indifferent one for fhips of war. The houfcs are built like thofe of Maldonado, and contain about 8000 inhabitants. Mod of the SpaniHi merchantmen take in their cargoes for Europe here, they being fcnt down in lighters from Buenos Ayres. This little city has a large and flrong citadel, and is otherwife well for- tified, and indeed was it not, the dilFicuI- ty of approaching it for want of water for fhips of war, renders it nearly fecure from an attack by fea. It is about 100 miles E of Buenos Ayres, and nearly the fame diftancc W of Maldonado, and is governed by a navy ofHccr of the rank of a Commodore. Lat- 34 55. Forijf. Montmorency, Falls c/, are fituated upon a river of the fame name, which empties into the St. Lawrence on its N eaflerly lide, in the diftriift of Beaupour, L. Can- Vtt.i. Pppp ada, about 3 leagnes below Qiirbcr, and! . from their beauty, majMiificeiict, inul if- tonidiing height, merit the attention iulef like them, they have a facred regard for the eternal fire, like theirs, their fUle i!$ boldly figurative, and like them th^ fcalp their enemies. Dk Fr tucky, containi|ig 106 inhabitant). Nnvton, a town in Nicholas ca Ken* tuchy, containing 6% inhabitants. NicljoliifvilU, a town in Jcflamine co. Kentucky, containing 13 inhabitants. North Hampton, a townfliip in Mont^ gonicry co, N. York, embracing th6 Sa- contlago R. about 20 miles N W of Balf- town Sprbgs ; contaii^ing 990 inhabit- ants. \JPEB, on the Illinois river, conlaiaa 100 inhabitants. Ozat, a tribe of Indians in Lpoifiali^ who inhabit a prairie between Red river and a branch of the Miflburi, at three remarkable large fprings. Th^y formeiv ly confided of near aooo warriors, but nearly two thirds of them were dcftroved by the fmali pox a few ytars ago. They are infize gigantic, and ip difpofition cruel and ferocious : they are al\vays at war ^with their Indian neighbours, and are in- veterate enctnics of all white people, parw ticularly the Spaniards. More thart 30 years ago, an attempt was made by the Spaniards to refettle this cpuntry; for this purpofe, fome priefls, a com{KinT of foldiers, and a number of families witn s rich outfet, repaired thither. They ha4 becu there but a fliort time, before the RBM- ST. contains dtn fell npoh theih and totally d'eftroycd' f hem. Nu attjctnpt has lince been nVade ^0 fettle it. Siiley. p • PeNCADER.H town in New Caftlc |CQ. Delaware, containing aijx inhabit- ants. PtHe RiJj^e, a fettlemcnt in the Mifli- iippi territory, Adams cq. contains izj inhahitai>(s. Flymoutb, MalTacinifetts. The following additions and corrcdlions were received after t\\\t article was printed in tlic body of the work. The number of inhabitants is 3514. There are two handfome meet- j ing houfes, anda banking houfe, in the ! town; the capital of the bank is 100,000 dollars. A ftagc goes three tiir.cs ina week to Bollon. All .iqiicdudt for bringing frefli water into town for dome Hie iil'c was completed in 1796. The inhabit- ants annually,on the 22 of Dec. religioufly celebrate the landing of their Pilgrim Fathers. Several diips and brigs are owned here, and coniiderable quantities of fifli are frequently purchal'cd at Bo(h>n and exported from Plymouth. Port IVUliamy a town in Gallatin co. Kentucky, containing 213 inhabitants. Praire^ de Itocte, a towndkip in the In- diana Territory, Randolph co. contains 212 inhabitants. Praire due Chien, on the Miflifippl, con- tains 65 inhabitants. PrcJIoiiJlury, a town in Eloyd co. Ket>- tucky, containing 6 inhabitants. Pr'mceUii, a towu in Northanipton cp. ]^. Carolina, cdnt&ihing 22 inhabitants. Puerto de St, Pedro, a to\yn of Brazil, lat. 31 6 S,on the S fide of Rio prande,on a fandy plain near its moutl). It (;(mtains about 300 houfes of one ftory, Ijuilt fome with brick, others >vith mud. U is the refidence of the gbvernor of the pi-ovincp of Rio Grande. Many of the houfes oh the outskirts of the town are half buried in fand. lu time of war, there is a very profitable contraband trade carried on between the merchants of this place, and the Spaniards of £1 Rio de La Plata. Forejl. £i)Z70Ar, a town in NewCadleco. R Delaware, containing 872 inhabitants. Remfen, H townfliip of Oneida co. N. YorktEofLeyden, which it adjoins. It ppotaiDt 2J4 iuhalitatits. JiUimnJ, a toWn in Madifon co. Ken* tucky, containing no inhabitants. i?»o Grande, a large river of Brazil, nav- igable 2CO miles for veflcls drawing 1 1 feet of water. It enters the ocean about 10 leagues N of the S boundary of Bia?.!!. Wheat and beef are railed in the adjacent country. /"'or^. Jiio Santo Franeifco, a town of Brazil, in S. America, near the mouth of the river of the fame name. It contains about too houfes of (lone and brick, one ftory high- There is 10 feet of water OD the bar. l.at. 26 S. fiid. Pcclia,:i fmall village in the province of Montevideo, containing about so brick houfes ttrf;h, a town in the MiiTinppi territory, Wafliingtoh co. containing 393 inhabitants. Springfield, a town in Wafliington co. lyentucky, containing 163 inhabitants^ Stt]ii/ord,Atov/i\ of Lincoln co. Kentucky, containing 66 iHliftbitr.nts. Siijte»-vlilf,a. town in Ircdel co. N. Caro- lina, containing 95 inhabitants. Steele, a town in the Miilllippi territo- ry, Wafliington co. containing 4Z0 inhab- itants. S'wattjborough, a town of Onflow co. N. Carolina, containing 149 inhabitants. 5/. tberefa, a Spanilh fort ercdted in the N E corikcr of the province of Mon- tevideo, on an ifthmus of about half a mile wide, formed by the Ocean on the i F., and an arm of Lake Merim on the N \V. The fort is well fituated, Ijirgc, built OH *# WAS of bcwn (lone, and is garrlfoncd in time dF war i>y about aoo mep. It is about 20 leagues N £ of Cape St. Mary's. Forefl. W TvASHINCrON, Pcnnfy!vania,form- tA into a feparate co. in the beginning of 1796. The divifion line is as follows ; " beginning on the Monongaheia River, WAS at the mouth of Ten m!Ic,creek, up faid creek to Wallace's Mill ; thence S weft'* crly to the ridge between the N. and S. forks ; thence along the ridge to the ridge between Wheeling and Ten mile ; thence a ftrait line to the head of Enlow'a branch of Wheeling ; thence down th^ fame to the W boundary line of the (late ; thence round to the place of beginning." Harriu N. B. A corredlion in the defcription of Plymouth, MafTachufctts, with many ▼aluahle articles, received too late to be infetted in the body of the work^ will M found in the AFfENsix. ''i' ;ir,'oJ O.'IU i^W'l - • . -irt ,nt.,.',„j»t^u-i<<:» .i *. !lf;. ■.'^i» '1. ri-ftl nr, .'xf'V^i'' ".I:,-. '>.:!., '■ DIRECTIONS TO THE BINDER. (.■.!'.m«T ' ' rt-.j(!UMj.'. » M jVT-Vi '"Cii J-iW"'' •SjfciJI i. ,','ViCvM*', '\- MAP of North America, to front Title Page. . of the Northern States, to front Nenu England, fig. X x. — of the Southern States, to front Southern States, fig. C c c C. of South America, to front America, fig. B. of the Weft Indies, to front Weji Indies, fig. L 1 1 1. CHART of the North Weft Caaft of America, &c. to front North Wejt Coaji of America, fig. B b b. CjT The Binder will pleafe to notice, that fig. N n and O o, arc on the fame half fheet, and fig. W w (which fhould have been Www) follows imme- diately after fig. N n n, after which X x i, &c. follow in courfc, I m Owl ,v:t .'vrt.'x^ii" -s !■■» ' ' ' ■ ui?ii^jii;i ^ i,.j viViw- Jl