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TURCOTTE, Secr^taire-Archiviste. QUEBEC: nill.VTRD AT TUB "jtOnSlNni CHRONICLE' OFflCB. 1878. "■J^lpp Fes': ''m^ ?•■ ¥ OPENING ADDRESS DELIVERED BY "Wednesday, 19th December, 1877, To THB MEMDEnS OF The Literary and Historical Society of Quebec. $ I have much pleasure in welcoming you to the first meeting of the lecture season, and I hope the proceedings of the evening may not prove altogether uninteresting. We shall have the pleasure of listening to a lecture by one of our associate members, Mr. Turcotte, recalling the annals of this Society. The purposes for which this Society was formed are clearly set forth in its Koyal Charter : "The " prosecution of researches into the early history of Canada ; " the recovering, procuring, and publishing interesting •* documents and useful information as to the natural, civil, •' and literary history of British North America, and for the " advancement of the arts and sciences^ from which public •' benefit may be expected." Mr. Benjamin Suit, of Ottawa, is at presmt engaged in preparing for the press, a history of "L'Institut Canadieiy' of Ottawa ; and Mr. Turcotte, animated by a similar spirit, has prepared a short history of our own Society, which was established long before the city of Ottawa had any existence, or was even known as a plaQe under its primitive patronymic of "By-town."* ♦ Aft«r the late Colonel By, Royal Eogineerg. h " This Society, as far as I have had opportunities of judg- ing, has realized the expectations of its Founder. Its rooms are the resort of those who find time to cultivate an acquaintance with literature, and who are desirous of diliusing knowledge. A few of its members continue to prosecute researches into the early history of Canada ; and from time to lime, useful information relating to the natural, civil, and literary history of the count r)% appears in our "Transactions." The aids which the Society affords to study, the museum and the library, are accessible to members during the greater part of the day, and are not allowed to fall into a state of decay or neglect; but are properly arranged, duly cared for, and frequently enriched by desirable additions. Although the Society was formed chiefly for the purpose of prosecuting researches into the early history of Canada, its founder, the Earl of Dalhou.sie, was anxious to bring together and secure the co-operation of all those in the small community, who had given their attention to subjects of science, whether natural, physical or historical. Hence the museum for the purpose of exhibiting specimens of the Fauna and Flora, as well as the Archtrology and Nuamis- matology of the young colony. The department of Natural history — though somewhat foreign to the main purpose of our mission — has received a good deal of attention, and I believe the Ornithology, Oology, and Entomology of Lower Canada are fairly represented. Upon all those subjects, however, I can unfortunately say but little, for the simple reason that from my own ignorance of them, I have nothing to contribute. Still I am not insensible to the enjoyment which our collections must furnish to the students of natural history, and to every lover of nature. As regards other objects in our museum, considerable interest is attached to the Indian relics, to some valuable old charts, a well executed drawing", representing the inte- 8 rior of the old church of the Rccollet Fathers, models of forts, and other reminiscences of old buildings and places in Quebec, all which may be considered the commence- ment of a collection to be designated hereafter our Archcco- logical Section. The Society is perhaps fortunate in the possession of these relics, for the mural monuLients of Quebec, those mute chroniclers which better repre«ent the character of a city than a score of books, are rapidly disap- pearing. Municipalities generally look upon things from the utilitarian point of view, and are never very favorably disposed towards old city walls, but look upon them as useless impediments to circulation. Old gateways, too, are an impediment to traffic, so that there is a strong tendency to demolish them. Anists and antiquarians, on the other hand, and all people who have either a loA-e for the pictur- esque, or a sentimental interest in the historical past, arc eager to preserve such great visible relics of it, as walls and towers, which speak of it to all men, and once destroyed can never be restored. The familiar monuments, witnesses of olden times — our gates— are gone, but they may be replaced by others of modern and more ornamental con- struction. We have reason to hope they will, for our worthy Mayor informed us in a recent speech, that tha Prime Minister had promised to place on the estimates for nsxt session of the Dominion Parliament, an item for can-ying out the improvements suggested by our distii.guished Governor-General. I trust, therefore, that the old walls which surround the city proper, may be spared, and that suitable gates will be built in the breaches. There is a strong desire to preserve the monuments of the past in a city, rich in associations with memorable events and roman- tic adventure. Thanks to the enterprise and liberality of a few of our esteemed citizens,the historic Plains of Abraham have been rescued from a discreditable condition, and are now surrounded by a substantial fence, while the Plains continue accessible as a promenade, a drive, or a parade ground. -4 — Our limited collection of coins and medals, some of which are exhibited in the reading room, has no doubt been examined by many members. That collection has not been made for the mere purpose of gratifying or amus- ing antiquarian curiosity, but with a higher and more important object. No doubt public acts, ofl&cial papers, journals and private memoirs are the sources from which the historian must draw his facts, but he frequently has recourse to cabinets of coins and medals for information- Old coins and medals may therefore be classed with his- torical documents, for they are of acknowledged ralue and service in the elucidation of history, especially of ancient history. Princes and corporations consecrate the memory of great events by striking medals, the materials of which are so durable that many historical facts unnoticed in manuscripts and inscriptions, stand recorded upon medals. The national collections of Great Britain have recently been enriched by valuable trovers or finds. "We read in Ruding that : "Some years ago, as four boys, under ten years of age. Were playing at marbles, on a Sunday afternoon, on a small piece of pasture land, at Beaworth, in Hampshire, one of them discovered in the track of a wagon- svheel, a piece of lead sticking up above the surface ; upon stooping down to take hold of it he perceived a small hole, into which he thrust his hand, and brought out a number of coins, his companions immediately following his example. Though they did not consider their treasure to be more than old b-.ittons, they concealed part of them in an adjoining potato field, and others they took to the village of Beaworth, but treating them as of no value, some they jerked into the pond, and others they liung about the road. Half a dozen villagers who w^ere, as usual upon a Sunday afternoon, congregated in the street, were attracted by the circum- stance, and being more aware of the value of the pieces thus discovered, hastened to the spot and commenced a regular scramble for the booty. As some of the parties m — 5 — obtained possession of many more than otkers, the patents of the boys who first discovered the treasure, became dis- satisfied, and appealed to the owner of the lanc\ This gentleman immediately sent a confidential person to Bea- worth to claim from the parties the delivery of the coins to him, w^hich was readily complied with, thoug:h it is siis- pected not to the full extent ; on the same eveninn" he re- ceived upwards of six thousand. They were chiefly com- posed of coins of William the Conqueror and "William II ; and, according to the villagers' account, they were packed in regular layers, in a leaden case, with an attempt at chro- nological arrangement." But perhaps the greatest discovery that has been made in modern times of treasure-trove, in the shape of ancient coins, has just occurred in Scotland, on the Montravo estate, belonging to Mr. John Gilmour, (son of the senior of one of the leading commercial houses in this city), who is now in this country, and from whom I have received the following interesting particulars on the subject : " Several farm laborers had been employed to drain a part of the land about 500 yards from the farm steading. The operations were being carried on two feet from where, according to the drain plan of the farm, laborers must have been engaged in a similar enterprise a quarter of a century ago. The soil is of the wet, boggy sort. The laborers had not been long at work, and had only got ten inches below the surface, when one of the picks struck upon what, at first, seemed to be a round boulder, which was speedily unearthed, it then appeared that the stone was the cover of a large pot, into which it was firmly wedged. It was considerable time before the contents could be got out. Latterly this was accomplished, though with difficulty, and earth and coins emptied on the ground. It was a very tedious and diflicult task to separate the pieces of silver . 1 — 6 — i! from the earth, the sides, and the bottom of the pot. Indeed the bottom of the pot remains inlaid with coins. On removal to Montrave House, the counting was proceeded with by Mr. and Mrs. Gilmour, when it was discovered that there were upwards of 10,700 pieces ! The most of these are about the size and thickness of a well worn six- pence, a few the size of a florin, though not so thick, and a small number of medium size between these. From the partial examination that has been made, the silver pieces are evidently the coins ot the realm that weve used in the 12th, 13th, and 14th centuries. The most of the letters are obliterated. Some of them bear the words Rex Sco'torum Dei Grati, and Rex Scotorum David Di Grati. These letters surround the head of a monarch on the one side, while on the other a cross extends over the whole silver piece, with four stars in angles in the centre. In several, three dots occupy the place of the stars. It is supposed that the coins were used in the reigns of Robert II, Robert III, David II, and in one or other of the Alexanders, and that they must have been in the position where they were found, for more than 300 years. The pot, which is in an excellent state of I)reservation, is about 20 inches high, 13 inches in diameter at the top, and bulging out towards the centre. It is evidently a bronze composition. The stone which covered the mouth of the pot is of a reddish color, very much decayed, and in a crumbling state/' "Amongst the coins found at Montrave are many foreign imitations manufactured chieflv '^i Holland — raising interesting questions for the Antiquary and Historian. Half of the coins seem to be Scotch, half English, and many of them have a present market value for museums and private collections, of from |25 to $50 each ; at these prices, the 10,735 pieces would be worth converting into current coin. The Queen, however, is entitled to the whole, and all, including the pot, are now in London, where, after W^i ig scientific examination and classification, probably occiipyii a year or two, the final distribution will be made as may please Her Majesty. To the two men only w.hc actually dug up the treasure, is any share of the find lawf\illy due. The proprietor of the estate, can demand nothing, although every reason exists for believing that when the investigation is over, he will receive back any portion he may in reason ask for." " The kingdom of Fife, in which the Montrave estate is situated, is rich in Historical tit-bits, and there, as elsewhere, old coins and other relios are, no doubt, appro- priated by the finders oftener than given up. On the estate of Largo, some years ago, an interesting and valuable suit of silver armour Avas found by a vagrant pedlar who unfortunately kept his secret until d.s-osing of his find in the ordinary course of his trade, by ptddling it piece by piece away, he lost to the country -i priceless relij of the fierce old times." It has ever been considered as the common interest of mankind to concur in the preser- vati -n of old coins, for few monuments have contributed more to establish history upon a sound and trustworthy basis than the numary monuments. And now leaving the museum, I turn to our extensive library, comprising upwards of thirteen thousand volumes. It would be difficult to construct a sentence which could convey an adequate idea of the collection of valuable books which it contains. Since the formation of the Society, many rare and valuable volumes have been damaged and destroyed by fire, but the liberal contributions which have since been made, from time to time, by the Government and by private individuals, have enriched the library with works which illustrate the truths of history, and exhibit the progress of science. The members of the Council, in making their selection of books, have not been unmindful — 8 of the mission and objects of the Society, and consequently a preference has been shown for those more costly productions "which few can afford to purchase, but which many feel bound to read ; while the lighter and more graceful forms of literature have not been systematically excluded. A rocmy fire-proof chamber has recently been constructed in the basement of this building, for the custody of old and rare works which could not be replaced in the event of loss; and to make security doubly sure, the chamber has been provided with an iron chest, in which historical manuscripts, memoirs, and other documents which constitute the archives of the Society are deposited. Since I last had the pleasure of meeting you, this society has published its transactions for 1876-7. and also a small volume of historical documents relating to the -war of 1812, selected from those rare old pages in our possession, of the •'Quebec Gazette." Among the documents which we have just published, will be found particulars of the engagement between the British man-of-war "Leopard," Captain Hum- phreys, and the American frigate "Chesapeake," Commo- dore Barron, one of the events, if not the very event, which brought on the war of 1812. I shall read a portion of a paper w^hich I have just received from a friend relating to that affair. "In the early part of June, 1807, the fifcy-gnn ship "Leopard," Capt. Salasbury Pryce Humphreys, sailed from Halifax with an order addres'sed to the captains and commanders under the vice-Admiral's command, directing that in case of meeting the American frigate "Chesapeake" at sea, and without the limit of the United States, they were to show her Captain that order, and require to search for deserters from His Majesty's ships "Belleisle." "Bellona," "Triumph," "Melampus," "Chicester," "Halifax" and "Zenobia," and were to proceed and search for the same." "The 'Leopard' hav'ng weighed and made sail, arrived off Cape Henry within hail of the 'Chesapeake.' " Captain Humphreys hailing, said, "He had despatches from the British Commander-in-Chief. ' The answer was "Send them on board, I shall heave to." Both \-csseis Love to at about half-past three in the afternoon, and in a few minutes Lieut. Meade went on board the "Chesapeake," bearing in addition to Yice-Admiral Berkley's order, already cited, a letter from Captain Humphreys to Commodore Ban*on, ad- verting to the order enclosed, and expressing a hope that every circumstance might be amicably arranged. At 4.15 in the afternoon, the boat not making her appearance, the "Leopard" recalled her by signal, and in a few minutes Lieut. Meade returned with Commodore Barron's reply : ''I know of no such men as you describe, the officers who were on the recruiting service for this ship, were particu- larly instructed not to enter any deserters from His Britan- nic Majesty's ships, nor do I know of any being here." "The Commodore then states that his instructions are not to permit the crew of his ship to be mustered by any but her own officers, that he wishes to preserve harmony, and that he hopes his answer will prove satisfactory."' "The 'Leopard' then edged down nearer to the 'Chesa- peake,' and Captain Humphreys again hailing, said : — 'Commodore Barron, you must be aAvare of the necessity I am under of complying with the orders of my Command- er-in-Chief." After this hail had been twice repeated, the only reply returned was, 'I do not understand what you say,' yet the words were distinctly heard by the hailing ship, and she was to windward. Captain Humphreys re- solved no longer to be trilled with, and observing on board the American frigate indications of intended resistance, the 'Leopard' discharged a shot across the 'Chesapeake's' fore- loot. In a minute's time, a second shot was lired ; and in two minutes more, or at 4.30 p.m., nothing but evasive answers being returned to the hails of Captain Humphreys, the 'Leopard' iired her broadside. Commodore Barron then o m I ' u •■■:l JIji ! I li i ! t if , ;l ! > 'i I iSii ; 1 1 -10- hailed ; upon this, orders were given to cease firing ; but as the purport of the hail was only to intimate that he would send a boat on board the 'Leopard,' and as the 'Chesapeake' was now clearly seen making preparations to return the fire, the thing was considered to be an artifice to gain time, and the 'Leopard' renewed her fire ; the 'Chesa- peake' returned a few straggling shots, not one of which struck her opponent, ^nd at 4.45, just as the 'Leopard' had fired her third broadside, the American frigate hauled doion her colours.'' • " Almost immediately after the surrender of the American frigate, her fifth Lieutenant, Mr. tSidney Smith, came on board the "Leopard" with a verbal message from Commo- dore Barron, signifying that he considered the "Chesapeake" to be the "Leopard's" prize.*' "At 5 p.m., Lieut. Gordon, J. Talcon, George Martin Guise, and John Meade, with several petty oflicers and men, went on board the "Chesapeake" to fulfil the object of the orders of Vice-Admiral Berkley. The books of the "Chesapeake*' were produced and the crew mustered, one only of the live dv^serters from the "Halifax" was found, but three were found from the "Melampus"' frigate. " With these, at 7.30 p.m., the "Leopard's" boat returned to the ship, bringing also Lieut. William Henry Allen, of the "Chesapeake," with a letter from Commodore Barron, again oflering to deliver up the frigate as a prize. To this Capt. Humphreys replied, that having fulfilled his instruc- tions, he had nothing more to desire, but must proceed to join his squadron, he then tendered assistance and deplored the extremity to which he had been compelled to resort. At 8 p.m. the "Leopard" made sail towards Lynhaven, and shortly after the "Chesapeake" did the same towards Hampton Koads." -11-. , *' Uiifortimately this encounter, althongli bloodless to the ''Leopard," was not so to the "Chesapeake," the latter havmo: had three seamen killed, the Commodore, one midshipman, and sixteen seamen severely wounded. Although no one could regret more than Captain Humphreys that the order should have issued, he performed the unpleasant duty imposed upon him like a gentleman and a true heart of oak. Admiral Berkley per- fectly approved of the conduct of Captain Hum' phreys in the fulfilment of his duty, but the Captain was nevertheless visited with the condign dis- pleasure of the Admiralty'-, was recalled, and never received any command afterwards, although he frequently applied for one. When the "Chesapeake" was captured by the "Shannon," during the war of IS? 2, he earnestly solicited Lord Melville to give the command to him to whom she had previously lowered her colours ; but neither this nor any other application met with success." Twenty.seven years later, however, our sailor-king, William the IVth, having looked into the case of Captain Humphreys (afterwards better known as Sir Salasbury Pryco Davenport), conferred upon him the honor of Knight- hood, thus tardily recognising the merits of a brave officer. Through the kindness of his grandson, Malcolm Daven- port, Esq., son of the late Captain Davenport, of the 39th Kegiment, who married a daughter of Chief-Justice Sevvell, one of our first presidents, I have been enabled to submit the particulars just read of the attack on the "Chesa- peake," and I am furthor enabled to bring the event vividly before you by exhibiting an admirable likeness of the gallant sailor — valuable both as a work of art and a historical relic— -which has been entrusted, temporarily to the safe-keeping of this society by the heirs of the family. Every possible reparation for the attack on the 'Chase- peake' was made and offered to the American Government. It was declared that the right of search, when applied tq ■c ■ :'M j^l • "' fcn n — 12 — ships of war, extended only to a requisilion, and could not be carried into effect by force. But the wrath of America was unappeasable, the blow, the irreparable and unpar- donable blow, had been struck. The volumes of the Quebec Gazelle, which afibrd further information on the same subject, contain numerous copies of important state x)apers relating to the civil and military history of Canada, published under the authority of the Executive Government. To trace the sources and move- ments of history in public documents is au enterprise full of interest and utility. In the perusal of historical works, otherwise nobly executed, we frequently meet with pas- sages the accuracy of which has to be questioned ; for the historical imagination sometimes unconsciously paints a picture not of what took place, but of something entirely different ; something, perhaps, that harmonizes with the political bias of the author. I shall give an instance of this : — In one of our most interesting histories of England, it is stated that when King Cliarles I, who had left London to spend some time in Scotland, received the terri- ble news of the Irish rebellion, terrible because of the cruelties which were committed, "he sat down and wrote coolly, 'I hope the ill-news of Ireland may hinder these follies in England.' " Now listen to what we have from other sources, from those who were in the company of the King at the time : — "The King was engaged in the game of golf,^ on Leith Links, when in November, 1041, a letter was put into his hands which gave the first news of the Irish rebellion ; on reading the letter he suddenly called for his coach, and leaning upon one of his attendants, in gn.'at agitation, he drove to Holy rood palace, from whence he *Tho Pioynl av.d nncicntgntuo of golf, in wliich flic King took delight, was intrr- (luced a few yeiirs ago irto Canada by tlio jircsoiit CupUin of the Quebec Uolf Club, C. Farquarsou Smith, Esij., and is played with groat zest, during the golfing season, by Boino of our citizens, over that extended comuion known as the Cove Field, which golfers now call the Quebec links, in imitation of the custom in the Mother Country of applying the term liiiliS to an c.\tended gross common or downs. ^nj^"-. .,„■';. ..! ' — 13 — set out the next day for London." This was, undoubtedly, his last game in Scotland, and probably the last .^ame of golf he ever i^layed. The touching story of the golfers bears upon its face the very stamp of truth, and removes the painful impression produced upon the mind by the implied heartlessness of the King, as he is represented in the historical narrative. It would not be difficult to adduce other instances of conflicting testimony in historical literature, but I ha\ti said sufficient to show that for practical guidance in the construction of history, we have to depend upon such docu- ments as this Society, in f ullilment of its mission, has pub- lished from time to time. Thus far the attention of its working members has been bestowed chiefly upon the early history of Canada under the French rt'gime — a de- lightful theme, equally gratifying to the historical and the antiquarian taste. We have, however, reached a point, I think, in our search for materials beloniiing to that period of history, when we travel over the same ground again and again without making many new discoveries, and conse- quently it has been considered desirable to enter upon an- other field embracing a later period of our history, and to deal wdth it in the same manner that we have dealt with the elder. Hence the publication of the fifth series of historical documents which I have referred to, and which relate almost exclusively to the war of 1812, every event of which is interesting to us as Canadians. In pursuance, then, of that design, it is the intention of the Society, I believe, to contintie collecting and publish- ing such papers of interest as c;in be obtained, consisting of ofHcial documents, journals and memoirs relating to the war. The latter, I may add, are very rare ; therefore, if any member of the society has sucli in his pco- session, or knows where they are to be found, I 14 shall bo pleased il' he will communicate with me on the subject with a view to their publication. One valu- able memoir has been transmitted to me by our esteemed iriend, Colonel Coffin, of Ottawa, author of ''The AYar of 1812 and its Moral," in whose behalf I have now the pleasure of presenting the memoir to the Society, as a gift, viz. : — An autograph letter of the late Sir Etionne Tache, relating to the battle of Chateauguay and the attack on Plaltsburg. I shall read an extract from a not*.-, which I received from Colonel Coffin, accompanying the memoir. "I have been amusing myself," he says, "by re-assorting papers relating to the war of 1812. Side by side with a very pleasant iotter from yourself, I lind a paper to w^hich I attach more than ordinary historical importance. It is an autograph letter from Sir Etienne Tache, written in 1803, to assist chielly in compiling my (intended) account of the riattsburg campaign. I never got so far, and so the paper has remained unused. It is doubly valuable as a truthful and trustworthy narrative of the occurrences related, and as indicative of the modest and manly character of the writer. I think the paper too valuable to remain in my hands, and that the archives of the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec would be an appropriate shrine for such a relique. I hasten, then, to place it, through you, at the disposal of this body, praying simply that in return they will have the goodness to cause a copy to be made and sent to me — retaining the original." I shall now do myself the honor of reading the memoir, which I am sure will be listened to with attentive Milerest. It is dated MoNTM.iGNY, 29m.- M.\i, 1863. MoN CHER Colonel, Je vous remercie bion sinccrement de votre obligeance, dans le dessein d'obtenir de moi des renseignements per- -15 1 me oil >iie valu- ^steemed IT of 1812 easure of iz. :— All ilating to burg-. I roceivod issortiuiT (li a very which I It is ail in 1863, it of the le paper truthful ted, and of the in my istorical or such at the H'u they nds'jnt icmoir, iiterest. 803. ^eaiicc, (s per- sonnels touchant la bataille de Chateaiiguay, afin de vous permettre d'intrpduire mon nom dans la serie de ectures que vous vous propose/ de donner sur les eveiiem^nls de la guerre de 1812. Les choses changent bieii dans k cours d'un demi-siecle, et les peripetios de la vie humaine c'tonnent souveiit ceux qui en sont les jouets, tar.t dans la bonne que dans la mauvaisc fortune. II y aura cinquante ans I'automne prochain que s'est , livree la bataille de Chateauguay. A cette epoque je n'etais qu'un pauvre petit lieutenant, bien jeune, n'ayant que 18 ans. Yous vous i)roposez de donner, sur la derniere guerre avec nos voisins, des lectures historiques, sansdouto, et noil de la poesie, ou du roman, comme cela se pratique quelque fois. Or, fhistoire, c'est quelque chose de sacree : I'histoire c'est la iille du ciel, qui n'admet pa« I'ombre meme d'un relief pour rornement d'un fait. Voici done la part que j'ai reellement prise lors de reveiiement memo- rable en question. Deux de nos compagnies — la droite et la gauche, commandees par MM. les capitaines Levesque et Debartch — furent chaudement engagees dans cette af- fiiire ; uii lieutenant y fut blesse — Powell, des Townships— et plusieurs hommes tues et mis hors de combat, maisje ne faisais pas partie de ces compagnies. Le reste du bataillon, le 5eme, ou ''Devil's own,'' comme on I'appelait alors, parce qu'il y avait bien des avocats parmi les ofliciers, etait sta- tionne aux Cedres et au C6teau-du-Lac. A la nouvelle de I'approchc d'un gros corps ennemi se dirigeant vers la foiirche ; ordre fut donne au detachement stationne au C6teau-du-Lac de traverser incontinent li Beauharnois et de se porter en toute hate sur Chateauguay. Ce detache- ment, compose de trois compagnies, etait commande par le Major Guy, et les Capitaines A taient Lou's Joseph Papineau, La Kocque et votre humble serviteur, le petit Lieutenant de 18 ans, commandant une compagnie vacante en I'ab- sence de son brave Capitaine, M. Berezy, lemplisant a , r — 16 — cette epoque, dans le Haut-Canada, des fonctions speciales. Ue detachement, apres avoir passe le fleuy^, en toute hkie se dirigea a marches forcees a travers les bois, les rivieres et les marais sur Chriteanguay. Cependant il etait decrete, Iti-haut, que, nonobstant nos fatigues et nos privations de toutes sortes, nous n'aurions pas le plaisir de tirer un coup de fusil, Teunemi ayant pris la fuite peu de temps avant notre ai-rivee. Neanmoins nous pumes occuper de suite une position militaire et nous prepaper A. prendre une bonne part a une nouvelle lutte, si I'ennemi eiit voulu la recomraeneer. C'est sur la narration fidele, et attestee, de la part que prit notre detachement ii I'affaire de Chateau- guay, que la Commission, chargee par les autorites Britan- niques de la distribution des medailles, a accorde la me- daille de Chateauguay aux officiers et aux miliciens de ce detachement qui Font reclamee. Ainsi vous voyez, mon cher Colonel, qui si mes lauriers de Chateauguay n'ont pas ete teints de sang, ils ont ete en revanche mouilles de beau- coup de sueurs I't couvort d'une enorme quantite de boue ot de fange I Lo ])rintemps suivant, dans le mois d'avril, le detache- ment dunt je I'aisais partie, ayant passe Thiver en garnison a Montreal, ne fiit pas plus heureux, du moins quant a I'occasion de faire le coup do fusil. Sur la nouvelle d'une approche do Tennemi vers Lacolle, il recut ordre, avec trois jours de provisions, de se porter en toute hate sur le point menace. Nous passames le lleuve a la veille de la debficle, non sans beaucoup de dangers, et nous dirigeames alors notre marche par Laprairie, St. Philippe, TAcadie, Bartonville, sur Lacolle. Yous dire la misere et la fatigue que nous eprouvames durant tout le cours de cette expedi- tion est chose impossible a decrire, et avant de bivouaquer le soir a Bartonville il nous fallut passer une petite riviere, iuoitie a la nage pour les plus petits, et a I'eau sous les aisselles pour les plus grands, les hommes, durant cette ma- 1 speciales. toute hiite »s rivieres it decrete, rations do ir xin coup nps avant r de suite ndre une ; voulu la :testee, do Chateau- tes Britan- •de la me- ens de ce oyez, mon ' n'ont pas !S de heau- te de boue i detache- garnison cjuant a elle d'une dre, avec ate sur le eille de la irigeames TAcadie, la fatigue :e expedi- ivouaquer te riviere, sous les cette ma- I — 17 — iKPUvro, acfvochiint It'uvs <;i])enn',s outre la b;'.yoltt' du fusil ot lo coudo de la ])aio3iiiette poiv: prrsorvor h j)oudro. Eniiii, rondus a Bartouville, mouilu'-s jjIus qu*' dos canards, il nous fallut couchor u la belle cloi'le, jiar uno niit tvcs- froide du mois d'avril, et nous deyha])ill»>r ////.s- romme la main, pour tordro nos votements ct los fairo secher an feu de vieillos b:\tisses quo nous avions eni]jras6os, ot do.s pi- quets et porches do cloture qui sc trouvaiont a notre porteo, dont nous nous servimos touto la nuit pour combustible, durant do longuos hcuros de soulfranc;^>. A Tlieure quil est, jo ne puis m'oxpliquer comment la gran do moiiio du dotachement ne mourut pas de misure ; niais la jounesso a taut do viabilito ; i'onthou.siasmo fait vaincre tant do perils ! Encore s'il nous eut He donno do pouvoir tiror un coup de fusil sur ronnomi, cola nous out dcdommag'6 de bien des niiseros ; mais arrives lo soir, a la nuit tombante, a Eartonville, los Ainericaius vonai'-nt dV'tro ropoussos quel- ques heurcs auparavant, ot cola SLniloinont a deux milles de distance d'ou nous ctions parvenus. Ainsi la gloire— voyez los caprices do Damo foriune — los lauriors fiiront pourceux (|ui n'avaient pas fait un millo pour s.^ doplacor ; la fatigue, la misero, les dangers de rimmersion totalo du corps, a cette saison do rannee, lo depit do n avoir jvas combattu ronnemi, ai)res tant de souiiVances, devinront notri> par- tage; et il nous fallut rebroussor cliomin, ii teto basse; c'ost bien ce qui s'appollo, a juste titro : '-fortune de guerre." La campagno de 1814 s't'lant aiusi ouverto i)!)ur nous d'une manirre assoz desagreablo. so tormina, on rovaucho, il faut le dire, d'une maniero }>lu.s conformc au naissant osprit militaire qui comnumcait a se manifestor alors chez tons nos compatriotes. En revonant done do Eartonvillo, nous rencontraraes I'llonorablo G-orald do Courey, ci-dovant Major au TOenio Regiment d"infanterie, qui vcnait d'etre nomme Lieutenant-Colonel do notre bataillon, lequel, des l)rs transforrae en bataillon d'infantoric legero, fut appelo — 18 1 • "Chasiseurs Caiiadieiis.' Depuis cetto t"po<|iic— la lin d'avril 1814— jusqu'a la marche de rarmee t'cheloiinec de- puis Chambly a Odletown, sur le territoire eiinemi, au commencement de Septembre, ce ne fut pour nous qu'exer- cice et manceuvres du matin au soir. Notre jeune et infa- tiffable chef etant debout au reveille — 4 lieures du matin — jusqu'a la nuit noir, nous donnait une heure pour dejeu- ner, une heure-et-demie pour diner, une lieure pour souper, et employait le reste du temps, sans relache, u rinslruotiou des officiers et des soldats. Aussi i'allait-il voir notre corps, vers la lin d'aoiit, comme il etait beau, comme il manoeu- vrait fiorement en ligne, cote-a-c6te des Wellingtoniens ; comme il bondissait de jeunesse et d'enthousiasme, comme il avait confiance on sa iorce ! Excusez, mon cher Colonel, C3s reminiscences d'un demi-siecle : ITige atfaiblit le corps, et je sens des larmes involontaires s'echapper de mes yeux. La marche sur Plattsburg ayant ete ordonnee, les Chas- seurs Canadions, les Voltigeurs, appartenant a la brigade Brisbane, longerent les bords du lac Champlain, suivis du lOSeme et du ISome Regiments d'infanterie, composant cette brigade, tandis que les brigades Power et autres se portaient sur le memo point par le chemin interieur et pa- rallele a celui du lac. La gauche en tete, les Chasseurs ayant eu I'honneur d'etre appeles a former I'avant-garde, mon brave Capitaine, AVilliam Berezy, qui alors avait 'repris le commaudement de sa compagnie, celle de la gauche, eut I'avantage d'ouvrir la marche avec ses tirailleurs. Les tirailleurs ennemis lirent bien frime de nous inquieter, mais notre fi.^u bien nourri, dans tons les cas, nous en de- barrassa bien promptement. La colonne, arrivee a trois ou quatre milles de la place, se vit tout a coup arrctee par des embarras considerables ; des pins de trois ti quatre pieds de diametre ayant ete jetes pele-mele, tete beche, a travcrs la voie principale. D'abord le General mit a I'cuuvre ses sapeurs Wellingtoniens ; mais que faire avec des hommes n'aj'-ant que des serpes et des egohines ''handsaws'''' pour — 10 — no — la iiu elonneo do- Biinemi, au lis qu'exer- iine et infii- lu matin — )our dejeu- •our souper, "insl motion lotro corps, il mancDU- ingtoniens ; me, comme ler Colonel, lit le corps, I mes yeux. (, les Chas- . la brigade L, suivis du composant t autres se rieur et pa- Chasseurs .vant-garde, avait'repris gauche, eut leurs. Les inquititor, LOUS en de- e a trois ou tee par des ;re pieds de il travers la ojuvre ses es homines lYnt's" pour coUper des pins do trois pieds sur la souche .'' Alors de Courcy et Herriot se procurerent des haches, et cent ])ons l)ras Canadiens, mettant lo fusil de c6tu pour un instant, commencerent rtruvre du deblaiement. Los ^nns so se- parent en pieces de vingt pieds de long, comn. e par en- cliantement ; on les placent a droite et a gauche de la route ; la colonne, arretee pour un instant, reprend sa marche : inianterie, artillerie et cavalerie se dirigent en avant. C'est alors que j'entendis un oflicier do I'etat-major du General Brisbane s'ecrier : " ivhat smart younii; felloics ; what shoultf V!e have done ivithout these ladsy Deux heures aprus la tete de la colonne, c'est-a-dire, mon vaillant Capitaine Berezy, arrivait a '•'Dead Creek!'' qu'il fallut passer a gue, Teau etant a demi-jambe, et fort agreable i\ cotte saison de I'annee, ofirant un grand contraste, i^our la sensation et la profondeur, avec la petite riviere que nous avions passee 1«^ mois d'avril precedent en approchant de Bartonville. De- barrasses alors des tirailleurs ennemis, nous nous trouvames on face du lac Champlahi, en rue de la belie ilotte Araeri- caine, qui semblait nous delier, et qui, ayant des chaloupcs canonieres sur les bords du lac, nous snlua de son mieux, sans que nos chefs daignassent repondre A cet acte d'agres- sion. Pendant six jours nous fumes occupes a la tranchee et a la protection de nos ouvrages, a demi-portt'o de canon de rennemi. Le jour de I'assaut, dont le signal devait ctre donne par I'attaque de notro Ilotte, la compagnie Berezy, toujours la gauche en tete, etcndait son front en tirailleurs sur notre cote de la rive de la Saranaque, et les tirailleurs Americains nous rencontrant, en manceuvrant en sens inverse, il s'en suivit une bien vive fusillade, durant laquelle notre com- pagnie, d'un eft'ectif de 70, eut treize hommes de tues et mis hors de combat en moins de quiuze minutes. Mais le Capitaine Berezy m'ayant ordonne d'aller informer le Colonel de ce qui se passait, celui-ci ordonnant un " il — 20 — gaurhe—pa'i tie roi/nr, / ' an rcsto da batiiillon, los Volti- gours, statioiiiies «ur iiof.ro droito, ou Iiiisaut do mi'me, on nil cliii d'u'il C'j reurort opportun cliassa dans rintorimir du bois la Ibrco qui iioiis Otait opposce. Jo n'entreprcndrai pas ici do blamor, do justifior ou d'ex- pliqiLT lout CO qui est arrive dans lo cours do la malhcu- rouso expedition do Plattsburg. .T'ai dC-Ard mo bornor dans cetto lottro u fairc voir le i\>h quo joueront los Volti- i^'-'urs ct los Chasseurs Caiiadions dans cetle occasion. Los Chasseurs, arrives los premiers dovaiit Platisburg, furont aussi les derniors u laisser cetto placi? : ils avaiont forme Tavant-g-ardc en marchant contro reniierni, ils durent for- mer 1 arriere-gardo en rolraitant sur le territoirc Caiiadien. Quant a la part quo prirent dans les chalonpes canonieros, deux compagnies du oemo bataillon — los compagnies de llanos — -jo prends la libeite do vous referer a un petit me- moir quo j'ai publie dans les "Memoirs et documents pu- blies par la Society Ilistoriquo do Montreal, troisiemo liATaison." quo joyous envoie, et que jo vous prie de mo ronvoyer lorsque vous I'aurez lu, n'ayant quo cetto copie. IndC'pondammeiit do cetto brochure, jo vous expedio par la posto do CO jour trois exemplaires d'un petit opuscule quo jo vieiis do publior sur rorganisation dos Volontaires et do la Miliee. En somme, si rexpL'dition de Tlattsburg a ete une allairo manqueo pour Tetat, elle n'en a i)as moins ete uno l)cllo occasion pour les Franco-Canadiens, qui ii'etaieiit l^as tonus, par la loi, do fairo une guerre d'agression en pays (ninomi — de montrer quo les frimas du Canada n'avaicnt en rien refroidi Tardeur belliquouse dos petits-iils de la vieillo Franco ; que, senibiables en tout Ti lours ancetrcs, ils sa- Vaiont donner dos prcuves de cotte gaioto iiiepuisablo, de cotte agilite incroj^ablo, do ce mepris do la vie qui, u toutes les epoquos de rhistoiro do I'Europo, a distingue lo soldat Fran^ais. « . Tout a A'0U8, E. r. Tacuk. — 21 — lors Volti- mt'me, on rinti'viour )r ou d'ex- a malhc li- ne bonier les Volti- sioii. Ll's irg, furciit ioiit Ibnnt! [ureiit for- Canadion. I'anoiiicrois, pagnies di' I petit me- .mcnts pn- troisicine rie do me Dtto copie. cdio par la iscule (|ue aires et de burg a ete moins etc li ii'etaieiit on en pays avaient on e la vieille [•cs, ils sa- lisable, de li, u toutes 6 Ic soldat ACIIK. The late Hon. "Win. Ilaniilton Merrit, of Niagara, a obn- temporary of .Sir Etienne, a fellow soldier, and subse- quently a lollow legislator, left: a diary ^\h. eh he ke[)t during the war — a mass of papers— no doul^t cf mueh his- torical value, but they were all burnt u^) with the town of Niagara. The raw material outol which historv is formed consists of such papers : their safely and preservation is therefore a matter of importance to the cunrnou interest. "We have, I fear, reason to apprehend that valuable lii>.- torical documents are not lodged in places of safety. It is therefore the duty of the society to take cognisance of this, and to protect the archives of the country by every means in its power. At a Convention ree jntly held in Ottawa, on the occasion of the inauguration of the novr Ilail of L'Institut Canadien, the subject of the archives of Canada was discussed. This society sent two delegates to that Convention, rast-Pn'sident J. M. LeMoine, Es(p, and Vice- President Colonel Strange, and on their return they sub- mitted a lucid report of the proceedings, adverting more especially to the subject of the archives. Their views cor- respond with those expressed by one of our late Presidents — " That our first eiibrts should ];e directed to making arrangements for collecting together, assorting and index- ing the very valuable historical documents which we al- ready pcssess, but which are unavailabla from being scat- tered from one end of the Dominion to the other." No doubt that course should be adopted, and this society should join with others of kindred purpose in memorializ- ing the Dominion G-overnment upon the expediency, or rather the necessity of securing the safety and preservatioji of the archives by gathering them together into one Public Record Oflice. I shall not, however, attempt to discuss the subject in the last paragraph of an address already spun out to too greac length ; but I will suggest that a special general meeting should be called for the purpose of dealing with it in a manner calculated to lead to practical and beneficial results. *^!i M LA mm mum ei mmm ^. oofeEc, r.vu LOXJIS I?. TUJftCOTTE. Confluence i.ue devant l.v fSociETE le 1!) Uecembue 1877. vV i)/. /e President, Mesdaiiies tl Mexsirum, » J'ai cm devoir me iviidro a I'iiivitation (^ue m"a souvont rciteree votro digiie rresidont, do donner une conference sous le patronage do la Socicte Litteraire ct Historique. Membro de cette association depuis Si^pL ans, j'ai pris beau- coup d'interet a sos ccuvres, j'ai suivi attentivement ses tra- vaux, j'ai toujours note les services qu'elle a rendus aux lettres de concert avec les autres societes savantes. Convaincu que vcus pr*Midrez le meme interet que moi aux lastes historiques de la societe, j'ai prepare cette etude qui vous fera connaitre les travaux des Ibndateurs. uvnera- tion d'hommes qui a laiss.'^ des traces proibndes de son passage, les diilicultes que la societe a soutenues, ot les phases par lesquelles ello a piisse pour arriver au degre de prosperite actuelle. Dans le tableau qui va nc derouler devant vous, vous verrez quels changements sont survenus dans la litterature et les sciences depuis le temps ou quelques hommes de- voues jetaient les bases de la Societe Litteraire et Histo- — 24 m t'l ri<[ue. Aujourd'lmi, dos societes savantes dispersees dans tout le pays, de liches bibliotheques, dos litterateurs bril- lants soit dans la langue de Shakespeare, soit dans celle de Bossuet ; ;\ cette epofjue (1824) nulle societe litteraire, deux ou trois bibliotheques publiques composees de quelques milliers de volumes; a peine quelques litterateurs, entre autres Smith, Eouchetto et Christie, qui ont laisse des (puvres de merite. A part cela, apparai.ssent do rares bro- chures politiques sous le voile de I'anonyme, quelques ecrits litteraires ou historiques publies dans les revues et les journaux politiques. Ilien d'etonnant de voir aussi pen de p^rsonnes s'occu- per de sciences et d'histoive, lorsqu'il n'y avait prosque pas d'encouragement, lorsquc les bibliotheques et les centres ^'etude manquaient. Le Canada etait encore dans i'en- i'ance, et les interets materiels captivaient particulioroment les esprits. Cependantla prosperite croissante de la province etTaug- meutation rapide de la population allaient bientot creer des besoins et des gouts nouveaux. Le Canada devait subir les transformations communes a tout peuple appele a. de hautes destinees, avoir ses .societes litteraires, ses sava,nts, ses pootes. Pour cela, il iallait preparer les voies, creer un mouvement litteraire. C'est ce que comprirent les fondateurs de notre societe. lis previrent quelle somme de bien pouvait produire une institution destinee ji dcvelopper le bon gout, a faire aimer les etudes serieuses. Transportons-nous a la iin de Tannce 182o. Al'appel de Lord Dalhousie, gouverneur du Canada, quelques citoyens ('•claires so rcunirent au Chateau St Louis, ou le gouver- neur lui-menie leur exposa les avantages d'une Societe Litteraire et llistorique. Son plan fut accueilli avec le 25 ersees dans 'ateurs bril- ns celle de eraire, denx le quelques ;eiirs, entre ; laisse des B rares bro- ilques ucrits vues ct les ines s occu- prosque pas les contres dans roii- culioivinmit iit'oetrau''- ;ot creer dos evait subii" ppele a, do •ios savants, s, ere or un :ro NOc^iclt'. oduivo line it, li fairo :\. Tappol do LOS citoyons lo j:i^ouvor- ne Societe Hi avoc lo. plus j^iand enthousiasme, ot le 6 Janvier suivant, Qpresidait a I'assemblee preliminaire de la premiere socio le savante du Canada. * Si I'un des objets de la socioto otait de i)ropagor los con- naissauces litteraires et scientifiques, ce n'etait pas la son principal but. Dans une adresse au public, les fondateurs exposent que les premiers et principaux objets seront de reunir les materiaux epars de notre histoire, de traduire ot de publier des manuscrits et dos ouvragos rares, taclio pa- triotique qu'elle a poursuivie pendant un domi-siecle dans I'interet de notre histoire. f • On y 0S8iblcs la decouvcrtc, laeoUcetion ct I'acquisitioii de toutes les informations tondant i1 repandro du jour sur I'liistoirc naturello, civile et littcrairo do Torigino dos Provinces ISritanniques dans I'Ameriquo Soptentrionalr, lie procurer, memo ii nos IVais, quand cola sera praticabic ct nCcessairo, la traducti(>n etdaus uortains cas la publication des manuscrits pr(-uicu.\ ou des ouvrnges rurua sur ■^li i *6 — 26 — lies Ic debut Ton compta dans la societe les plus hauls personnagos de I'epoque, les homines remarquables par leur science et leur position, les officiers de rarmee et de la marine : c'otait Lord Dalhousie, premier patron ; le Lieutenant-Gouverneur Sir Francis Burton, premier presi. dent; I'Hon. juge-en-chof Sewell et M. Vallieres de St Iteal, vico-prt'sidonts ; M. Andrew Stuart, THon. John Hale, rilon. AVm Sheppard, THon. juge Hoid, le Dr Wilkio, M. Wm (^roen ct M. John C. Fisher. L'encourag-ement partait done de bien haut. Pendant son sejour au Canada, Lord Dalhousie s'interessa au succes de la societe, il voulut bien lui laire un don annuel de $400 ; bien plus, il mit souvent le Chateau St Louis a la disposi- tion des memlm^s. J C'est la. que fiirent donnees les pre- mieres conferences, et que se tinrent les premieres reu- nions. Sans I'tre litterateur, ni savant. Lord Dalhousie avait du gout pour les lettres et les sciences. Partout ou il alia, dans sa lonQ,'ue carriere militaire, il se fit suivre de sa bibliotheque, et se i)]uta former des collections d'histoire naturello. Sans approuver sa conduite administrative au Canada, nous aimons h lui rendre cette Justice qu'il sut en- courager les lettres, exciter I'eraulation parmi la classe ins- truite, et par la meriter la prolbnde reconnaissance de tous les Canadiens. cs oijjets qui [oiirrdnt rtro ili'oouvoils Jans ([iieliiUc onlloetioii publl((iie on jirivi r. ct d'onuourugci' et rijcoinjienser ilc tulles dicuiivertuii juii' tous lf!< moj'eus on iiotic j)OU- voir. " Lps noimnuniciitions fur Ip.» siijcts ei-dpfisiis, pvoduites pnr les Mcmbres et aji- ))roiivo?B par le Coinitu d'tidininistriiiion, seront lue.s dims los a.sHcinblee.s geiidrales de la SoeiOti", et on y t'era clioix de i-ellos que In Societe Jugcra propres a Ctrc pu- blit'es sous !e titre d(^ ' Traiisiiotion.'f do la t?<>i.'ii''ti''.' " Nous S(unuie8 j^rnndeinent eno(nir.'i)j;i's duns notre entrepriso par la i.Toyancc, disons ])Ims, jinr la certitude iipparente (|ii'ii e.xiste oneore (iiuintite de inanuseriiti «t do ))i('cej iniprimi'i's rejirindus dans le paj's, dans la posses-^ion des dillV'rciia corps ro • li;.;ienx on de divers individus, ou mis de eiite cfimnio iniitile3 et do peu do valeur dans les caisscs des ofliees publics. Nous no doutons nullouient que ces eorp.s roli- ^ieux ou quo ees individus n(( coueourent avoc nous au suoees des vues de eolto institution, on nous (?oniuiuDiquant ces jiicces puur oa fuire I'examen, ct memo le-j t.-auscrire s'il o£t necessaire.'" I En 18;!0, il y cut quatre seances au Chateau St Louis. Nous gomracs jiorte iV ' 'oiro ((Ue des le eouimencenient la. soe'.etc eut dans I'lTnion Building ou Hotel fnion. pliisieurs salles qu'clle occupa pendant nomliro d'annees. Plus tard, lors(|uo le sicf,'o du .ij;ouverneuient fut transl'a'c a Kingston ct ailleur^, ollc occupa plusloura fcallfs des bdlisics du rarlcmuut. • 27 )lus hauls lables par mee et de latron ; le nier presi. jres de St !on. John d, le Dr Pendant au succes lde|400; la disposi- s les pre- lieres reu- Dalhousie 'artout oil suivre de 5 d'histoire trative au I'il sut en- classe ins- ce de tons le on jirivi'o, ct I on uotic pou- rcnibres et aji- K'es Ri'iidralcs pros ti. ttrc pa- ir la i.Toynnce, uianusciits «t ■rctis corps ro ■ peu do valuur cfis corjis ru)i- 8 vuos (le ooHo ), ot ini'inc IcLi iinnics jiorti' i1 iling oil Hotel IS tiiril, lorsiiiio mpa plusioiirs Les debuts de la jcune societe fiirent asseJ: Drillants, f<\ I'on en juge par le premier volume de ses TraumcUons ou Annales public en 1829. Ce volume contient la conference dinauguration de I'Hon. juge Sewoll, intitulee : '• Early civil and ecclesiastical and judicial history of France;" un essai historique de M. Andrew Stuart sur le Saguenay'; des ecrits scientifiques du Capt. Bayfield, de I'Hon. Win Sheppard, de M. Wm Green, &c., qui lirent connaitro les ressources mineralogiques et geologiqucs du Canada. Le volume se termine par le catalogue d'un herbier cana- dien fait et donne a la societe par la comtesse Dalhousie, ot le catalogue d'unc collection mineralogique. 5> Comme on le voit, la societe porta peu dattention A I'histoire du Canada ; elle s oecupa de prelerence des sciences naturelles et de la creation d'un musee qui devint bientot considerable. Alin d'exciter plus d'emulation pour les etudes, elle ouvrit des concours sur des siijets litteraires et scientifiques, et recompensa les meilleurs travaux. Dej;'i, en 1828, elle couronnait un poeme francais, le Siege de Mis- solonghi ; un poeme anglais de M. W. Ilawley, intitult- : The Canadian Harp, et un essai sur la conchologie des en- virons de Quebec, par Mmc Sheppard, epousede THon. M. Sheppard. |i Vous etes etonnes, messieurs, de voir les dames prendre part au mouvement scientilique de cette epoque, et se plains dans des etudes aussi serieuses. L'exemple de la Comtesse Dalhousie et de Mme Sheppard dcvait etre d'un grand encouragement pour les ibndalours de notre institution. § L'nutour du I'rCTLKK or Qrir.Kc, 18:;!, dit : " Their nuironin is open ftr tlio reception of the visitors in tliu building i-orncr of Fort Street, ociMipied forllio I'liljliu Offlcps of Government.'' Ce petit volume contient la listo dcs' tableaux et d'autri.-.-' d(''tailg sur le musec. t II Bibaud, Tableau de.« progr^s du CHnadn, page 20. liO rapport du Con.xeil do I ts;U nientionnu quo pour cxtitcr le goi'it dec t'tiidoH scientifiques la BociiHo LittiJrairo cngagea M. John Furch pourUonnor