^%^ ^ .n%.. %^.l .0.^ \^^v9. v: ^ W A '^M o'S, / ^ t IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 ;• IM |||||2^ /° 1 2.0 14 i 1.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation ^^ V iV N> ^N #> 6^ o' % \> .<^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14530 (716) 872-4503 %^ A, Sf CIHM/ICMH Microfiche CIHM/ICIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadicin Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographlques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checlted below. D D D Coloured covers/ Couverture de couieur I I Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagde Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaurde et/ou pelliculde Cover 'Jtle missing/ Le titre de couverture manque Coloured maps/ Cartes gdographiques en couieur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couieur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ D Planches et/ou illustrations en couieur Bound with other material/ Relid avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La reliure serr6e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge intdrieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajout6es lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela dtait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 filmdes. Additional comments:/ Comment'jiires suppldmentaires: L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a 6xi possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du point db vue uibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mdthode normale de filmage sont indiqu6s ci-dessous. I I Coloured pages/ D Pages de couieur Pages damaged/ Pages endommagdes Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaurdes et/ou pelliculdes Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages ddcolordes, tachetdes ou piqudes Pages detached/ Pages d6tach6es Showthrough/ Transparence Quality of print varies/ Qualitd in^gale de I'impression Includes supplementary material/ Comprend du materiel supplementaire Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont 6t6 filmdes d nouveau de fapon d obtenir la meilleure image possible. This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est filmd au taux de reduction indiqu^ ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X J 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X The copy filmed here hes been reproduced thenks to the generosity of: Library of the Public Archives of Canada The imeges appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol — ^> (meaning "CON- TINUED "), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: L'exemplaire filmA fut reproduit grAce A la gAnArosit6 de: La bibliothdque des Archives publiques du Canada Les images suivantes ont M reproduiter avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettetd de l'exemplaire film6, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Les exerrplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimis sont filmte en commengant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont fiim6s en commenpant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas. le symbols — ^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbols V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film6s d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichd, il est film6 A partir de I'angle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de hdut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 ■41 *• .J «{ ^ NATIONAL BOARD OF TRADK. 0^^ .1* 4 (• '»•«-' ^ 1 ACTION IN lAVoK OF TlIK J RENEWAL OF UECIFKOCAL TRADE - ■% ) . WITH ■i W CANADA. 1 1 MII.WAUKKE, AUCJUST, 1877. BOSTON: 1877. > JAME3 r. COTTKK Si CO., PHINTKUS, t '^.' U SlAT« StR£ET. I i <^S/^ E NATIONAL BOA III) OF TRAUK. ACTION IN FAVOIJ OK TlIK KENEWAL OP RECIPROCAL TRADE WITH CANADA. MILAVAUKEE, AUCUST, 1877. BOSTON • 1877. JAMES F. OTTER & CO., U Statb Stbeet. PK1NTKK3, jentlemen in attendance as a dele<,^atian from the Dominion Board of Trade, and to consider and report upon the subject of reciprocity. The Connnittee was constituted as follows : Messrs. IL\M[LTox A. IIii.L, of Boston ; J. S. T. Stuanaiian, of New York; Wm. P. McLaiiex, of Milwaukee; Wiley M. Egan, of Chicago; E. P. Dokh, of Bullklo; J. D. Hayes, of Detroit ; and R. B. Bayakd, of Baltimore. After a conference Avitli the Canadian dele' liccii placed on the pro^raiiiiiie lor the present nieetinj^ nt tlic instance of one of the constituent bodies, and l»einu sn ainonjj; us ol" lionored deleuates from the Dominion IJoard of Trade. 'J'he treaty of 1M.')4, the result of long years of disputation and nej^otiation, and the product of the Joint labors of sucih statesmen as Mr. WicnsTKit and ]Mr. Maucy, Sir IIi;nhy Hi'LWKU ■iml Lord Ki,(;iN, was al)ruptly terminated at the instance of the Tnited States (lovernnient, under authority and Ity direction of Congress, expi-esscil in a resolution approved .January \S, IHG,'), and communicated Ity Mr. Adams to the Foreign Ullice, ]\Iarch 17 of the same year. Jt should he remembered that the notice of termination — to tak(^ eilect at the end of twelve months — was absolute and peremptory, no i'e])resentations being nuule by the Government of the United States as to the working of the treaty, no cll'orts being put Ibrlh on tlu'ir part to correct iiUMpuilities mider it, and no suggestions being proposed by them for negotiations of any kind in reference to it or to another treaty to succeed it. it should be remembered also that this action at Washington took ])lace in opposition to the strongly-expressed opinions and wishes of the business men of the country. I'l-oniinent J)oards of Trade and (/luimbers of Commerce, West and East, — (!)hicago, Milwaukee, and Detroit, New York, and Hoston, — protested earnestly against any rujtture of the inti- mate and prolital)le international commercial relations which had developed under the treaty: and the Detroit Counnerciul (/onvention of IHtlo, an abU; and representative commei'cial body, after a long and careful consideration of the various (piestions involved, united in urging tlie (Jovernment of the United States to open negotiations without delay i'or a new treaty to take the place of that which was to expire in accor- dance with the notice of termination already reierred to, which had l)een served. It is not known that any commercial I)ody in the United States asked the Ciovcrnment, or desired it, to take the course it did take. It was, of course, generally understood that the treaty had not worked in all resjiects as had been expected, and that it iiii.ulit iiiid slioiild 1)0 cliiiiip'il ami im]irovo(l to hiiii^' it into liariuoiiy \vi(|, the condition of aiVuirs wliicli iiad conio into oxistonco siiiw its n('j,'otiation. It was said in tlic rf|Hlititi(»iis {'nv w rciiKMlcliii}; of the U(m iprocity 'ricaly on terms wliicli iiiiiilit |tro\t'. lie lin|i(M|, iulviiiiliijrcoiis 1111(1 lii'iK'liciiil to liotli parlies. " A'jaiii, uiider dato of .lane 7 : " Tlio illness of Mr. Skwauk, ami the |iressaie of liusinei-s thrown iijioii tliis (ioveinnii.'nt hy the assassination of llic I'rcs- iilent, ami tlie smlijen collapse of tiie Conrcdoi-att^ (lOViM-nnienl, have made it inipossilde to execute hithiMto y(Mir Ii()rdshi|»'s instinclions to ohtain a statement of the points in this treaty which tlu! United States wish to salanit to fresh lu'iro- tiation." Jialer, after a eircalar to Collectors of (^istoms had lieen issued liy the Secretary of the 'I'reasiiry, and pnlilished in tin; papers, annonncinii' the approachiiiu; termination of the treaty, Sir l''ifi:i>i:i!l( K l!i!r( i: wrote, on the tllh of Xoveinliei-: "On seeinjn' the emdosecl notilicalion in the newspajjcrs, 1 ihontihl it advisaiile to ask Mr. Skwakd whethei- it was merely an admin- istrative measuri' called for i)y tin; approachiii;i' expiiation of the Keeiproeity Treaty, or was inleiidecl to lie a declaration of the (Jovernnient auainst the renewal of the treaty. Mr. SicWAlM) stated that he was uh d 1 had asked him the (piestion. in order that the import of the notilicalion miuht not he misapprehended. He said that the (piestion of the treaty remained exactly as it was, and thai the notilication was not liased on any action of the Cal>inet, Iml was issued l»y the Secretary of the Treasury as an administrative act which eould not be lei>ally deferred." Ihit however well disposed we may believe President .Johnson antl Mr. Si:waim) to have been, to the immediate renewal and modification of the treaty, there were opposin<»; inlluences in aetive operation, which, as we know, prevented the openiuii' of neii'otiations to that end at that time. On the 17th of Fe!)ruary, 180»!, Mr. Sewaiid wrote to Sir Fiu;i)i:iMCK JJiU'cio as follows : " Carefid impiiry uuide durint^ the recess of Conu'ress induced tlu; President to believe that there was then no such harmony of pulilic sentiment in favor of the extension of the treaty as would cneonrage him in dircclinu' n(\u()tiations to be opcne(l. Jm|uiries made since the reassemlilinii' of Congress confirmed the belief then adopted, that (,'oi:grei-s prefers to treat the subject directly, and not to approach it through the forms of diplomatic ngrecment." Ill tlio iiicniifiiiic |in)tiiiiH'iil (illicinls IVnin ('niiiiilii Mini lln' oilier l'ri)\ iiici's liiiil Ih'imi in \Va!>liiii)itoii. niiil in coiiiicctiDii with, (ir willi tlic coiiutciiaiicc of, tin* ^^ili^ll Miiiistor. Imd ciKlcavoird to aniuijio terms willi tlio Coiniiiiltcc of Ways and Means Inr.at the lea^l.a teiniiorary latiuii.(il' reciprocal trade lielween the two eoiiiitries. Mat the efVort was ^rllitle^s ; and on the ITlli of Mareh. JStld. the treaty expired. 'I'hc coiifedeiiilion of the Mrilish Norlli Anierieaii i'rovinees soon inllowed, and the Dominion at once set itself to work to liiiiid n|) a syslem of maniifactiires of its own, and to extend its eomnieree, liy way vif the gulf, with its sister eoloides, aii(i with oilier eniiiilries, ^o as to render itself, so fn" -is niiti iWion of the severity (»f the shock which the termination of re-iprocal trade under the late ticaty administered to coiir > I'cial exchai'-cs lielween the two ('oimtries, it may lie sidd that it took i^cvcn year. \v ccover from the reaction which I'ollowed.ai i to attain ajraiii the am^junl, reached duriup; the last year of the treaty ; and, that the ]ir(i|iorlion of the entire foreiiiii trade of Canada carried on with the United States, has fallen iVoiii iV2 per cem. to only 15;') per cent, of the whole. JJiit the largely increased exchanj>e of |»ro(lucts was only a part of the ailvant'ijzc which resulted to the two countries IVoiii the treaty of l!Sr)4. By that treaty all the vexed and cmiipli- cated (jueslions relatinti" to the Fisheries, which had lieen the suliject of constant correspondence, and, we may add, the occasion of almost constant irritation, lietween the (Joveriimeiils of the United States and Gieat IJrilain, from the close of the War of Independence until IS")-!, were put to rest. Since 180(5 all these questions have been revived, and. at this moiiient, u commission is in session at Halifax for the |)ur[)ose, if possii)le, of determininu' them aiiain for another pcrioil. Disliiiuuished arliitralors ami learned counsel are employed in ellbrts {o ascertain the ])recise rights of the two parties respectively, and to adjust tlu; ])eiulin<2; dillicidty lietwi'eii them. dreat Hritain, in liehalf of the Dominion of Canada, has imide a claim ujion the United States for nearly •'j'lOjOOOjOOO as halancc of compensation lor the fisheries opened under the Treaty of Washiuiiton. This claim depends in part upon the assumjdioii made by the Guvcrnmeut of Great JJritain, l»ut controverted l»y 8 »hat of the LJuitod States, that on the termination of tlie recipro- city treaty of lb.)4 the coiiveutioii of 1818, which had been in ubeyance, came into full force agai'i, witli the strict construction of its provisions in reference to " headlands," on w liicli tlie liritisli Government lias always insisted. IJ( w this diflicult diplomatic (piestion will be decided, we do not know; but this we are well aware of, that if a new reci|)rocity treaty had been ])romptly negotiated, to take the place of that which ceased to 1)0 operative in 180(5, the issue would not be oi)en, and the English claim for ''$14,800,000 against the United States would never have been set up in behalf of Canada. The time would seem to be opportune for the presentation of this subject to the President of the United Slates by the business men of the country, with the request on their part that he will consider the expediency of taking early action in refeience to it, and of calling the attention of Congress to it in his first annual message. The overtures for new negotiations must of course come from the Clovernmrnt of the United States, which took the responsibility of putting an end to the former treaty ; but as far as can lie judged from the ohicial correspondence which has been pul)lished, there is little doubt that the Govern- ment of Great Hritain will cordially respond to any desire ox])ressed by our own for a new one, and will lie ready to join in taking the necessary steps to secure it. Indeed, as showing the friendly disjtosition of both Governments in the nuitter, it should be remembered that an attem])t was actually made to negotiate a new treaty in 1874, and why it did not succeed has never been made oard of Trade, "whose l)usiness," to (piote the language of an English merchant, " is their ])olities, not polities tlicir business," this picture of growing niutunl interests and relations daily becoming more intinnite, while it might have accurately ])ortrayed the state of thing-! existing with more or less variation between the years 18;j4 and 1805, docs not seem correct in its delinea- tions al the ])resent time. The policy deliiierately adopted by Congress in IcSli") had the eilcct to erect barriers between our Canadian neighbors and ourselves; to make " stningers and foreigners" of them, rather than brethren ; to throw them exclusively upon their own resources; and to render iheni independent of us. Tiiat policy should be reversed, and then we shall have an opportunity of seeing what the " quickened and (iuickenin<>- inlluence of constant intercourse " will acconi- plish. If we would ha\c tlie Canadians for friends, let us show ourselves friendly to them. AVhat the result, ])oliticidly, of nnii;terrupted reciprocity would have been, or of I'cnewed reciprocity will be, the Ijoard does not care to impure; nor would it have the discussion of the commercial (piestion com- plicnied. cither in the debates of Boards of Trade or in the speeches of our public men, by the introduction and admixture of au}' such ])olitical considerations. The end to be attained is " an unity, not of governments, but of peoples." The union of the former without the latter would lie a curse to both. The union of the latter, either with or without the former, might be UKidt! to l)oth an iucalculabl(> blessing. Tlic ibllowing resolutions, in coidbrmity with the foregoing statement of tlie facts of the case, arc herebv suluuitted for the approval of the Board : Resolved. That the Trcsiileiit of tlie I'liiled States be iiml he hereby is respectfully roquestei()ii to co-operate, on the part of the I'niteil States, with a Coin- niission to be iip[)oiiitt'(l by the ( Joverniiient of (ireat Uritiiin, in the 11 negotiation of a treaty of reciprocal trade between the United States and the Dominion of Canada. Resolved, That tlie object of the proposed treaty being the I)romoLion of luiidly feeling and mutually profitable trade between two kindred communities living in near proximity to each other, the negotiations now reconmiended shoidd be conducted in a liberal spirit, and with a view to securing such concessions on both sides at the outset as are generally recognized as desirable, and as are inunediately aaainable, leaving it to time and experience to indicate by what methods and to what extent further freedom of commercial inter- course may be obtained in the future. Resolved, That in the judgment of the National Board of Trade, it is both unnecessary and impolitic to complicate and embarrass the pressing and important issue of reciprocal trade b'.'tween the United States and the Dominion of Ca-iada, with any considerations or specu- lations bearing uj.oii the political relations at the present time subsisting, or remotely jjossible, betwecni the two countries. Resolved, That a conunittee of nine, of which the President of the Hoard shall b(^ Chairman, be ai)p()inted to take charge of this subject until the next meeting of the lioard, and to adopt such continued action in reference to it as may seem expedient. The resolutions as reported by the Committee were dehated by several of the delegates, both American and Canadian, and were adopted by the Board by more than a two-thirds vote. The Committee called for by the last resolution, was fH)nstitiited by the appointment of the following- gentlemen FuEDKunK Fkai.ky, Philadelphia, d. S. T. SruANAiiAN, New Y rk, K. P. Douit, Uatralo, Hamilton A. Hill, P.oston, J. D. Hayes, Detroit, Wm. p. McLauen, Milwaukee, li. IJ. I5avaud, Baltimore, Wiley M. Egan, Chicago, Tiiod. C. Hehsey, Portland. MiLWAL'KEK, August 23, 1877.