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fii^a 
 
JANUAUT PHOCEBDINOS. 92 
 
 AiVNUAL EEl'OUT OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON UNI- 
 FORM STANDARD TIME. 
 
 Preskntep Januahy 21st, 1891. 
 
 TJio Special Committee on Uniform Standard Time begs leave to 
 report: 
 
 lu the last annnal report of the Committee it wns brought to the 
 notice of tba Society that the Government of the Uui'od States had not 
 taken any action on the resolutions and recommendations of the Inter- 
 national Confert>nce, held in Washington in 1884, and that as Standard 
 Time, so universally adopted in civil life throughout North America, is 
 in complete accord with the resolutions of the Conference, it would be 
 in the public interests to have the recommendations authoritatively 
 recognized by Act of Congress. The suggestions of the Committee 
 having been accepted at the annual meeting, it was considered advisable 
 to ascertain the views ot the members generally. The Board of Direc- 
 tion accordingly submitted to letter- ballot the drnft of a memorial, rep- 
 presenting to the Government of the United States: 
 
 First. — That, in the opinion of this Society it would be in the gen- 
 eral interests of the United States to accept formally the resolutions of 
 the International Conference, held at Washington in 1884. 
 
 Second. — That, in the opinion of this Society, it would be in the 
 general interests to legalize, by Act of Congress, the now common sys- 
 tem of regulating time-reckoning by hour meridians. 
 
 Third. — That, in the opinion of this Society, it would be in the gen- 
 eral interests to embrace in an Act of Congress a permissive clause, 
 authorizing and legalizing the use of the 24-hour notation. 
 
 It was decided by letter-ballot on March 5th that the memorial 
 should be adopted— 226 voting "yea," 7 voting " nay" ; the majority in 
 favor being 219. The memorial has since been duly forwarded to Wash- 
 ington and presented to the President of tlie United States, and to both 
 Houses. A bill has likewise been prepared in accordance with the 
 terms of the memorial, having in view the desired legislation. This bill 
 has been presented and referred to committees in both Houses. A printed 
 liopy of the Senate Bill is appended hereto. (See Appendix No. 1.) 
 
 At the last annual meeting the Committee submitted a detailed state- 
 ment establishing that a majority rf the railway managers in the United 
 States and Canada were in favor of the 24-hour notation. Evidence 
 has since been received from officers of railways not before heard from, 
 and the Committee is now enabled to report that the total number of 
 railway authorities who have communicated directly with the Society, 
 
It9f 
 
 '<% 
 
 1)3 
 
 .TANUAKY IMIOCKKDINGS. 
 
 exprossiug tlioraselvcH in favor of tho proposed chaiigo to tlio 24-liour 
 notation of time, is hh followH, viz. : 
 
 1. rreaideutH, Vice-Presidents and Geueriil Managt is . . 135 
 
 2. Genera] Snperinf (indents '•'7 
 
 3. Hnporiutendents 114 
 
 4. General TratKe Managers 12 
 
 5. Engineers 65 
 
 Total 403 
 
 Tlie UbiauK'ite length of railway with which these olHcers are con- 
 nected is estimated at al>ont 140 Ono miles. A list, revised np to the 
 present date, of rsiilway managers in favor of the new notation of time 
 is appended. (See Appendix No. 2.) 
 
 From these facts it is plain that the proi)osal to adopt the 24- 
 honr notation in tlie working of railways on this continent, meets 
 with general concnrrence, and obvionsly what is required on the part 
 of those who are responsiUle for the administration of tho railway 
 service of tho conntry, to effect tlie desired change, is to act in accord, 
 and by joint arrangenumt to fix upon some date when the new notation 
 may be bronglit into general use for railway pur})08e8. The Committee 
 therefore respectfully recommends that the (jnestion of change, togetlier 
 with evidence of the liarmony of opinion wliich prevails, bo brought 
 by this Society in a formal manner to the attention of the General Time 
 Convention and the Board of Kailway Presidents at their next periodical 
 meetings. 
 
 The advantages of the 24-hour notation are beginning to be recog- 
 nized in various branches of civil life. In hospitals, for example, to 
 l)revent mistakt s by nurses in tlie administration ijf medicine, in record- 
 ing temperaturcfti, and in other matters, the new system is being gradu- 
 ally introduced; also in weather taldes ami in the recording of meteoro- 
 logical readings; indeed in departments where simplicity of system and 
 accuracy is essential the new notation is being spontaneously bronght 
 into use in many quarters. For two or three years back the Canadian 
 Almanac has abandoned the old notation and snbstitnted'tlie new. It 
 is in connection witli raihvay service, however, that the general intro- 
 duction of the 24-hour notation may mainly be looked for, and the Com- 
 mittee cannot doubt that, thus brought into use, the intelligence of the 
 community will Avelcome the change; the ready acceptance of "Standard 
 Time! " by the general public throughout tho United States and Canada, 
 directly on its adoption by the railway authorities, seven years ago, may 
 be instanced. Although it canuotbe expected that tho 24-hoiir notation 
 will so speedily come into common use, there are grounds for tho belief 
 that eventually it will prevail and become universal. 
 
 Tho Committee has the satisfaction to report that a communication 
 baa been received from the Director-General of llailways iu India, 
 
 R».1 
 
.lAKUARY PROCEEDINGS. 
 
 94 
 
 wliioli f^'ivi!8 ufliciul ivnnountvimotit of tho fact that tin! Lil-Iiour notation 
 has recently coma into uso on ail the, railways tlirongliont tlio Indian 
 Emjiirc, ami that this resnlt is ])artly in conseiincnco of tho satisfactory 
 trial of the new system on som<! of tho iinoa ihuin^ the past few yoars. 
 
 The Committee has received tho strongest assurances from all ipiar- 
 ters that wherever the new notation has been adopted in tho working of 
 railways, it continnos to give increased satisfaction. P^.xperience has 
 shown that the change can bo effected with great ease, absohito safety 
 and without creating any disturbing influence in any direction. When 
 your Committee reported a year ago, the 24-hour notation was then in use 
 on less than -t 000 miles of railway. It has now l)een permanently 
 adopted on an aggregate length exceeding 20 000 miles. 
 
 The time-reform movement has for some years attracted much atten- 
 tion in Austria, Hungary, Germany, Italy, France and Belgium, and 
 there is every prospect of the principle of Standard Time being adopted 
 throughout Central Europe at an early day. 
 
 An olFicial correspondence has been placed in the possession of the 
 Committee which establishes that the British Government has taken stops 
 which will tend to promote the general adoption of Standard Time and 
 the 2't-hotir notation in all the British imssessions. This correspond- 
 ence can scarcely fail to be of interest to every member of this Society, 
 inasmuch as we learn by it that the reform in time-reckoning which tho 
 American Society of Civil Engineers has taken a leading part in bring- 
 ing to its ])re8eut satisfactory condi.ion, meets witli the approval and 
 hearty recommendation of the highest scientific authorities in the ser- 
 vice of the British Government. The committee in England which has 
 so favorably reported on the universal adoption of Standard Time and 
 the 24:-hour notation, consists of tne Astronomer Royal, the Superin- 
 tendent of the Nautical Almanac, tho Hydrographer to the Admiralty, 
 and the Secretary of tho Science and Art Department, Scuth Kensing- 
 ton, together with Professor Adams and General Strachey, both of whom 
 were delegates at tho Washington Conference of 1884. 
 
 A memorandum, prepared by a member of the Special Committee on 
 Uniform Standard Time, setting forth the principles of time-reckoning 
 long advocated by this Society, has been endorsed by these distin- 
 guished men, and recently has been sent by the British Government to 
 the governments of all the British possessions around the glol e, with a 
 view to the adoption of Standard Time generally and of the 24-hour 
 notation for railway time-tables. The railway companies of England, 
 Ireland and Scotland have likewise been recommended to adoi)t tho 24- 
 hour notation. A copy of this document with its accompanying map is 
 appended hereto. (S(!0 Appendix No. 3.) 
 
 In concluding this report, tho Committee feels that it is not out of 
 place to remark that, as tho Members of this Society have in an impor- 
 tant manner been associated with tho construction oi tho gr«3at artificial 
 
TT 
 
 95 
 
 JANUAKT PROCBEDINQS. 
 
 higliways of commerce on tliis continent, it was eminently flt and jiroper 
 that the American Society of (Jivil Engineers should take a prominent 
 part in promoting a reform in time-reckoning, and in advancing a move- 
 ment calculated to render the railway system more perfect, its adminis- 
 tration more simple, and the railway service more safe to the general 
 public. 'J'he Committee feels warranted in jiointing out that the impor- 
 tant results ulready secured are in a great measure attributable to the 
 support and countenance given to the movement from the first days of 
 its ince])tion by this Society. It must likewise be obvious that the 
 advantages yet to result will not be confl'jed to the United States, to 
 Canada or to this continent; that the beneficial influence of the American 
 Society of Civil Engiueery, in connection with u mtich-ueeded reform, 
 which concerns all pei <nns every moment of thflir lives, will be felt 
 eventually in every civilized country. 
 
 This Committee was first appointed at the Convention of the Society 
 held in Montreal in June, 1881. During these (nearly) ten years it has 
 been the earnest endeavor of the members of the Committee to carry 
 out the instructions witli which they have from time to time been 
 charged, and they trust they may be permitted to express the satisfac- 
 tion felt by them with regard to the results so far accomplished. There 
 only remains to complete the labors of the Committee the general intro- 
 duction of the 24-honr notation throughout this country. There is a 
 reasonable expectation that the reform is now on the eve of adoption in 
 connection with the railways of the United States and Canada, and as 
 that event would practically complete the object for which the Commit- 
 tee was originally appointed, they respectfully submit that the Commit- 
 tee may then with propriety be discharged. 
 
 The Committee avail themselves of this ojjportunity to express their 
 deeply-felt thanks for the confidence which has invariably been reposed 
 in them year by year. 
 
 Respectfully submitted, 
 
 Sandfobi> Plemino, Chairman. 
 Charles Paine, 
 Thomas EoiiEsroN, 
 John M. Touoet, 
 
 Memhei's of Committee. 
 
 Approved, William V. Shinn, President of the Society, ex-offlcio member 
 
 of the Committee. 
 
.TANUARY PHOC'EEDlNaa. 
 
 APPENDIX No. I. 
 
 9G 
 
 51 HT CONGRESS, 
 2d Session. 
 
 S. 4879. 
 
 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 jANUAiiy Ifi, 1891. 
 
 Mr. EvAiiTS introduced tlio fnllowiug bill; wliicli was road twice and 
 referrnd to tlie Committee on the ilndiciarv. 
 
 A BILL 
 
 Respecting the reckoning of time throughout the United States. 
 
 Whereas an act was passed iu eighteen hundred and eighty-two to 
 authorize the President of the United States to call an iutt-rnational 
 conference to tix on and recommend for universal adoption a com- 
 mon prime meridian, to be used in the reckoning of longitude and 
 in the regulation of time throughout the world; and 
 
 Whereas in pursuance of the said act a conference was held at Washing- 
 ton in eighteen hundred and eighty-four, at which twenty-six 
 nations were represented by delegates duly apjiointed; and 
 
 Whereiia the said conference, after prolonged deliberatioir, with sub- 
 stantial unanimity passed resolutions embodying the principles 
 which should govern in the measurement and notation of time, and 
 recommended the meridian passing through the observatory at 
 Greenwich, England, as a prime meridian for all nations; and 
 
 Whereas the " hour meridian system," commonly called standard time, 
 now in general use in the United States, is in accordance with the 
 said resolutions and is based on the said prime meridian as an initial 
 standard and has been found to be much to the advantage of inter- 
 state commerce; and 
 
 Whereas, since the general adoption throughout the United States of 
 the mode of reckoning known as standard time, doubts have arisen 
 as to the reckoning which has force iu law, and it is expedient to 
 remove all such doubts: Therefore, 
 
 Be it enacted l>j/ (he Senate and House of Reprpsenlatiiies of the 
 United States of America in Congress asaeinbled, That time throu^'h- 
 out the United States shall be reckoned in accordance with the hour 
 meridian system, commonly called standard time, and the prime 
 meridian recommended by the Washington Ini,ernational Confer- 
 ence of eighteen hundred and eighty-four shall be the initial 
 standard for reckoning time; and the meridians which are a multiple 
 
 i 
 
07 
 
 •TANtrAUV I'uoor.RDiKoa. 
 
 of Jlftrcn (IcjirccH Iroin llio primo ra<»ri(liiiii hIiuII Ix- tlus Imiir niori- 
 iliiviiH nr HiilwtaiKlunls liy wliicli (lio locul rrckoniii^j: of tinio mIihU Ix- 
 rognliit 'd; and t\\v rciiUonJHK of tinio tlii(Uifj;lumt tlui I'liitetl Statos 
 hIiiiII l)e ill ii^rrooiuciit witli the rockoiiiiiK of oivil time on tlio piiiiio 
 inoridian, •ixftfpt.in^f only witli roHpt'ct to tnc (loiiinKMioiracnt of the 
 day and tlio notation of tin' hours, which shall he iw lioidiiiaftor 
 provided; ill all othor respoctH the division and sulidivision of the 
 day into lioiir.s, niinuttiH, and soconds in tho Unitod States shall 
 be synidironous with tht; divisions and subdivisions of th(! day on 
 the prime niovidian. 
 
 Hi:o. 2, That the coiumenoctnont of the day und tlie notation of 
 tho hours in diflTerent time soctions of tho Unitod States sliall differ 
 from the commencement of the civil day and the notation of th(> 
 hours on the prime meridiiin us follows: 
 
 ((7.) In the time sections where the reckoning of time is regulated 
 by hour meridian number seventeen, or the substandard meridian 
 which is seventy live degrees west longitude, the reckoning shull bo 
 five hours behind the reckoning on the prime meridian. 
 
 {/)) Tn till! time section whore the reckoning of time is regulated 
 by hour meridian number eighteen, or the substandard meridian 
 which is ninety degrees west longitude, .he reckoning shall be six 
 hours behind the reckoning on the prime meridian. 
 
 (o) In the time sections where the reckoning of time is regulated 
 by liour meridian number nineteen, or the substandard meridian 
 which is one hundred aiut five dc^grees west longitmle, the reckoning 
 shall be seven hours behind the reckoning on the prime meridian. 
 
 ((/) In the time section where the reckoning of time is regulated 
 by hour meridian number twcntv, or the substandard meridian 
 which is one hundred - ,id twenty degrees west longitude, the reck- 
 oning shall be eigh' ho.ira behind the reckoning on the prime 
 meridian. 
 
 Sec. 3. That the time sections referred to in section two of this 
 act embrace the country on each side of and contiguous to the sub- 
 standard meridians tiierein raiuitioued; but it shall be competent 
 for the eon.stituted authorities of any State, city, incorporated towns 
 or villages, or by the commissioner or courts of any county to adopt 
 the substandard by which to reckon time, as shall seem to them 
 most convenient, and such standard shall be legal and shall be 
 recognized by the courts and officials of the United States; and the 
 time for juditual, municipal, registration, or othe»' purposes in any 
 locality shall, unless otherwise specified, be held to be according to 
 the reckoning so adopted and commonly used by the inhabitants 
 of such locality. 
 
 Skc. 4. That tho hours of the day may, in atiy locality, be num- 
 bered in a single series of numbers, from zero to twenty-four, 
 and this method of designating the hours, commonly known as 
 " the twenty-four hour notation," shall bo equally valid with that of 
 numbering the hours in two series of twelve hours each, distin- 
 guished as ante-meridian and post-meridian hours. 
 
 Sec. 5. That this act shall come into force on , anno 
 
 Domini, eighteen hundred and ninety-one. 
 
 I 
 
JANUAKY I'llOOREDTNOS. 
 
 98 
 
 APPENDIX No. 2. 
 
 RAILWAY MANAGERS IN FAVOR 
 
 -or THE — 
 
 NEW NOTATION OP TIMB 
 
 The following is a list of railway men who have sent replies favoring 
 the iuloption of tlio 24-hour notatiou as soon as n conaitleraMe majority 
 of railway authorities assent : 
 
 The List Comprises : 
 
 I'resiiltMitH, Vioo-Presidonts and General Managers. . . . 135 
 
 General .Superintendents 77 
 
 Superintendents 1 14 
 
 Ohiet Eiiffinecrs <><"> 
 
 General Trallic Managers 1" 
 
 Total 403 
 
 A large number of prominent persons not connected with railways 
 have also sent replies in favor of the new time notation. Only an cx- 
 eeedingly snuiU percentage of all heax-d from in every (Quarter have 
 expressed an opinion unfavorable to the cliange. 
 
 It has been suggested that the chr.nge should be effected simultane- 
 ously on all railways six months after an agreed date, which date 
 may be chosen by the General Time Convention and the Board of 
 Kail way rresidcuts. 
 
99 
 
 JANUARY PUOCEEDINGS. 
 
 {List corrected up to Jattiiari/, 1891.) 
 
 NOTE. — The years given in the last column indicate the time suggested 
 for effecting the change, in some, of th , rnplies received in 1889. The letter A 
 in last column refors to list publisued in August, 1889; the letter B to list 
 published in January, 1887; the letter C to list published in 1884. 
 
 Adirondack C. E. Durkee Supt 
 
 Alabama Midland C. M. Craig Asst. Engr. 
 
 J sgliany Valley David McCargo Gen. Supt. . 
 
 AiKansos Valley II. Wood Gen. Supt. 
 
 Atchison, Topeka & Santa F<' A. A. Robinson Gen. Man . . 
 
 ...B 
 
 .1891 
 ...B 
 ...A 
 ...B 
 
 Atchison, Topeka & Santa Ft' D. I. Chase Gen . Man A 
 
 Atch= i<^n, Topoka &, Santa Fi' Avery Turner Supt 1891 
 
 Atch) on, Topeka & Santa Fe H. V. Hinckley Oflf. Engr 1890 
 
 Atlantic Coast Line, Rich. Div. . . . H. Walters Gen. Supt A 
 
 Atlantic Coast Line, Char. Div. . . John F. Divine Gen. Supt A 
 
 Atlantic .t N. Carolina W. Dunn Supt B 
 
 Atlantic &. Paeiftc S. W. Robinson Eng. Brdgs — 
 
 Baltimore & Ohio S. Sponcev V. Pres C 
 
 Baltimore & Ohio G. B. Hazlohurst. . . .Eng. Bnlgs 1891 
 
 Baltimort il Ohio James G. Dagrou .... Supt. Brdgs 1892 
 
 Beech Creek A. G. Palmer Supt 1891 
 
 Belaire, Zanesville .fe C':.cinnati. . W. R. Compton Gen. Man B 
 
 Bennington & Rutland F. C. White Gen. Supt B 
 
 Boston, Hoosac Tunnel &. West. . .C. A. Coombs (Ten. Man A 
 
 Boston, Hoosac Tunnel & West . . . Chas. H. Co vy Supt B 
 
 Boston, Barre & Gardner H. H. Marshall Supt. & Tr. Man B 
 
 Boston & Lowell C. 8. Metten Gen. Supt B 
 
 Boston & Providence Albert A. Folsom. . . Supt B 
 
 Boston, R. Beaiih & Lynn C. A. Hammond . . . .Supt B 
 
 Brazos it Northern G. Y. Wisner i2nd V. Pres 1890 
 
 Brooklyn, Bath it C. I Geo. A. Guntne; . .Gen. Man B 
 
 Brooklyn, Bath A West End John P. Heindell . . . C-en. Supt 1892 
 
 Brunswick &. Western H. S. Morse Gen. Man B 
 
 Buffalo & Geneva ....Paul S. King Ch. Eng 1892 
 
 Butfalo, N. Y.&Phil Geo. S. Gatchell. .. .Gen. Supt B 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y.&Phil J. W. Watson Supt B 
 
 Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh . . G. W. Bartlett Gen. Supt 1890 
 
 liurlington. Cedar Rapids A N. . . .Robert Williams V. P. & Supt A 
 
 Burlington, Cedar Rapids & W. . .C. J. Ives Gen. Supt A 
 
 California Southern Ry J. N. Victor Supt B 
 
 Canadian Government C. Schreiber Gen. Man 1890 
 
 Canodian Government D. Pottinger Chief Supt 1890 
 
 Canadian Government P. S. Archibald .... Chief Eng ....... . 1890 
 
 Canadian Government J. E. Price Supt 1890 
 
 Canadiiui Government J. J. Wallace Supt 1890 
 
 Canadian Government. A. R. Macdonald. .. .Supt 1890 
 
 Canodian Pacific W. C. Van Home . .President 1890 
 
 (Canadian Pacific T. G. Shaughnessy . . Asst. Pres 1890 
 
 Canadian Pacific George Olds Gen. Tr. Man 1890 
 
 < 'anadian Pacific Henry Beaty Man. S. L 1890 
 
 Canadian Pacific T. A. Maokinnon. ..G. Sup.O&A. Div. 1890 
 
 Canadian Pacific , C. W. Spencer Gen. Supt. E. Div. 1890 
 
 Canadian Pacific Wm. Whvte Gen. Supt. W. Div. 1890 
 
 Canadian Pacific Harry Abbott Gen. Supt. P. Div . 1890 
 
 Canadian Pacific W. T. Jennings Eng. & Man. Cons. 1890 
 
 Cape Fear &, Yadkin Vallev J. S. Morrison Gen. Supt B 
 
 Cape Fear & Yadkin Valley J. W. Fry Gen. Sunt A 
 
 Catasnuqaa & Fog^slsville C. W. Chapman Supt. A Eng 1891 
 
JANUAIIY PROCEEDINGS. 100 
 
 Central of Georgia M. S. Bolknap Gen. Miin A 
 
 Centnvl of Georgia Win. Kogers Gen. Supt B 
 
 Central of Geurgia C. E. Marrin E. Master 1892 
 
 Central Iowa Ily D. P. Phelps Asst. Hnpt B 
 
 Central N. England & Western. . ,S. B. Opdyke, Jr Gen. Supt 1890 
 
 Central N. England & Western . . . Geo. N. Merrill Res. Eng 189<) 
 
 Central Pacific J. H. White Supt B 
 
 Central Vermont J. W. Hobart Gen Man B 
 
 Central Vermont C. A. Converse Asst. Supt B 
 
 Central of New Jersey J. H. Olhauson Gen. Supt — 
 
 Charleston. Cin. & Chicago John F. Jones Supt. »fe Tr. Man — 
 
 Charleston & Savannah C. S. Gadsden Gen. Snpt 1891 
 
 Chattoroi By F. H. Oliphant Gen. Man B 
 
 Chesapeake & Ohio J. T. Harahan Gen. Man 1891 
 
 Chesapeake & Ohio H. D. Whitcomb Con. Eng. 1890 
 
 Chesapeake & Ohio T. C. Eggleston Eng. M. W 1891 
 
 Chesapeake, Ohio & S. W J. L. Frazier Supt B 
 
 Chicago, Burlington &, Northern . . Geo. B. Harris Gen. Man A 
 
 Chicago, Burlington & Quiucy J. I'otter V. Pres C 
 
 Chicago, Burlington & Quincy...F. Lawler Div. Eng 1891 
 
 Chicago, Fair. & Eau Claire G. A. Foster Asst. Gen. Man B 
 
 Chicago & East Illinois 0. S. Lyford V. P. & Gen. Man . 1892 
 
 Chicago &N. Michigan J. H. V. Agnew Gen. Sui)t 1892 
 
 Chicago & N. Western C. Pulaior Supt. Bridges 1891 
 
 Chicago, Santa Fe & Cal E. G. Nourse Asst. Eng 1892 
 
 Chicago, M. & St. Paul A. I. Earling Gen. Supt 1891 
 
 Chicago, M. & St. Paul L. B. Rock Supt. B 
 
 Chicago, M. & St. Paul Onward Bates Supt. Bridges 1891 
 
 Chicago, M. & St. Paul, W. Div. .J. H. Lakey Supt. B 
 
 Chicago it Atlantic J. II. Parsons Supt A 
 
 Chicago & Atlantic Fred. Broughton Gen. Man A 
 
 Chicago & Grand Trunk A. B. Atwater Supt 1891 
 
 Chicago & Grand Trunk W. H. Pettibone Supt B 
 
 Chicago & N. Western J. I. M. W. Whitmau.Gen. Man., at (> mouths' 
 
 notice. 
 
 Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific . . . W. I. Allen Gen. Supt 1892 
 
 Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific . . . H. P. Royco Gon. Supt A 
 
 Chicago, Rock Island A Pacific. . .A. Kimball V. Pres B 
 
 Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific . . R. H. Chamberlin . . . Supt B 
 
 Chicago, St. Paul & Kansas John M. Eagan Gen. Man 1891 
 
 Chicago & West Indiana B. Thomas V. P. & Gen. Man . 1890 
 
 Chippewa Val. Ch. & W. Mich. ... A. M. Nichols Gen. Supt B 
 
 Cincinnati, Ham. & Dayton C. C. Waitn V. Pres B 
 
 Cincinnati, Jackson & Wash R. W. Buckmaster. .Sup. Trans A 
 
 Cincinnati & Musk. Valley F. G. Darlington Supt 1890 
 
 Cincinnati ,fe Musk. Valley W. C. Cushing Eng. M. W 189(1 
 
 Cincinnati, N. O. & Texas W. C. Jewett Res. Eng 1892 
 
 Cincinnati, N. O. & Texas R. Carroll Gen. Supt B 
 
 Cincinnati, N. O. & Texas G. B. Nicholson Ch. Eng 1891 
 
 Cincinnati, N. O. & Texas Ward Baldwin Asst. Eng 1891 
 
 Cincinnati Union Depot R. L. Read Eng — 
 
 Cincinnati, Van W. iV, Mich E. Garrison Gen. Man B 
 
 Cincinnati, Washington A Bait. . . J. H. Stewart Gen. Man A 
 
 Cleveland, Ak. & Columbus N. Monsarratt Pres. & Gen. Man. . .A 
 
 Cleveland, Cin. Ch. & St. L E. A. Hermann Asst. Eng — 
 
 Cleveland & Canton J. W. Ward well Supt 1891 
 
 Cleveland & Canton H. A. Kennedy Asst. Supt 1890 
 
 Cleveland, Col. Cin. & Ind J. D. Layng Pres .A 
 
 Cleveland, 'Col. Cin. & Ind . . . . G. M. Mead Gen. Man A 
 
 Cleveland, Lorain .fe Wheeling. . . . W. B. Hauten Eng 1891 
 
 Colorado Midland H. Collbran Asst. Gen. Man. . . 1891 
 
101 
 
 JANUAUY PllOCEEDINGS. 
 
 Columbna, Sbawnee & Hocking . .F. I. Picnrd V. ?. 
 
 Columbus, Hocking Vfil. & T G. li. Cnrr Gen. 
 
 CohimbiiH & Western E. A. Flew.Mlan.. ..Gen. 
 
 Conotton Valley Saniud Biii^gs Gen. 
 
 Coudersport ct Port Alloj^h B. 
 
 Concord & Montreiil H. 
 
 Dayton, Ft. Wayne .t Chicago I. 
 
 Oeiaware A Hudson H. 
 
 Delawaro A HudHon C. 
 
 &, Gen 
 
 Supt. 
 
 Man . 
 
 Man . 
 
 Suj)t 
 
 Trrtf. 
 
 Man. 
 
 Man. 
 
 Man. 1891 
 
 B 
 
 B 
 
 B 
 
 B 
 
 Man... 1891 
 
 1891 
 
 A 
 
 1891 
 
 Agt A 
 
 ■V. MoCliire Gen. 
 
 E. Cliaiulierlin. . .Gen. 
 E. Giniiiorling. . . .Gen. 
 
 G. Young (ien. 
 
 I). Hiiiumond Supt ... 
 
 Delawaro it Hudson J. W. Bnrdiek Gen. Pas. 
 
 Delaware & Hudson A . J . S wilt Chief En« . . .' 1890 
 
 Delaware, Lack. & Western Chas. C. Hose Div. En>; 1890 
 
 Delawaro, Lack. A, Western W. 15. Phelps Kupt B 
 
 Des Moin.w, N. W W. Oglivie Hupt 18'.H 
 
 Denver A-Kio Grande S. T. Smith Gen. Man IbOO 
 
 Denver &llio Grando C. Lydon Supt B 
 
 Denver & llio Granae 11, E. Brijigs Ch. Eng 1890 
 
 Denver, Utali & Pacific; L. M. Fouts Supt A 
 
 Denver, Texa.s & Fort Worth F. E. BiHsell Sn pt. & 0. E 1890 
 
 Detroit, Mack . & Marfjuette D. McCool Gen. Supt B 
 
 Detroit, Lansing & Northern F. M. Drake Asst. Supt 1892 
 
 Detroit, Lansing & Nortliern Job Tutliill Cli. Asst. Eng. . . .1892 
 
 Detroit, Lansing A Northern J. J. McLean ChietEng lS\)'i 
 
 Dulutbtt IrouRan^'e M. I. Carpenter V. Pros 1892 
 
 Dunkirk, All. Val. & Pittsburgb . . Chas. A. Chute Asut. Supt i891 
 
 D. Thayer Gen. Sujit A 
 
 .C. H. Hudson Gen. Man A 
 
 J. W. Fry Supt B 
 
 .H. Fink V. Pre.';. A G.Man. . .B 
 
 East & AVest of Alabama. John Postell Gen. Man B 
 
 Eureka & Palisade . . . .B. Gilniau Cien. Supt B 
 
 Eureka Springs Powell Clayton V. Prf s. & G. Man. . .B 
 
 Evansville & Terre Haute T. A. Allen Cb. Eng 1891 
 
 Fairbaven Soutborn J.J. Donovan ( 'h. Eng 1891 
 
 Fall Brook Coal Co G. li. Brown Gon. Supt 1892 
 
 Fall Brook Coal Co W. A. Foster Supt 1890 
 
 Fitcbburg H. A. Phillips Supt l^<90 
 
 Flint & Pere Mp.rqnette Sanford Keeler Supt 1891 
 
 Flint ifc Terpi i^Iarfj uette D. Edwards Asst. Gen. Man B 
 
 Flint it Pere Marquette "W. F. Potter Supt B 
 
 Flint it Pere Marquette Geo. M. Brown 11. Master B 
 
 Florida Ry. iV N. Co J. J. Phillips Asst. Gen. Man A 
 
 Fort Wayne, Ciacin. AL H. W. Wortbiugton..Gen. Supt A 
 
 Fort Wortli & Denver Citv C. L. Frost. Supt B 
 
 Fort Madison A N. Western Cha.s. A. Gilcbrist. . .llec. iV Supt 1891 
 
 Georgia J. W. Green Gen. Man 1891 
 
 Georgia S. .\. Hampbill Supt A 
 
 Georgia Midland & Gulf. G. (iunby Jordan. . .Gen. Man 1891 
 
 Georgia Pacilio T. G. Sage .Gen. Man A 
 
 Georgia Paiitic J. W. Sage Gen. Supt B 
 
 Georgia Southern & Florida J. Lane Gen. Man 1891 
 
 Grand Trunk of Canada J. L. Seargeant Gen. Man — 
 
 Grand Trunk of (Canada Sir Joseph Hickson. .Ex. Gfn. Man — 
 
 Dunkirk, All. Val. A Pittsburgh. 
 East Tenn., Virginia it Georgia. . 
 East Tenn., Virginia <t Georgia. 
 East Tenn., Virginia A Georgia. 
 
 Man. 
 
 Grand Trunk of Canada Wm. Widnwright. . . . Asst 
 
 Grand Trinl; of Canada J. Stephenson Supt 
 
 Grand Trunk of Canaila Samuel Barker Man N. Div 
 
 Grand Trunk oft'anada ChnrleaStifif Supt 
 
 Galve.ston, Sabine A St. L B. Barnes V. Prea. A G. Man. 
 
 Galveston, Harr. A Sun Antonio. . W. G. Van Vleck . . . .Supt 
 
 Grand Southern F. W. Holt Supt. A Eng 
 
 
JANUARY PROCEKDINGS. 
 
 102 
 
 Gulf, \y. Texas & rrtcific 
 
 Gulf, Colonulo <t. Santa V6 
 
 Hartford fc Counocticnt Western. 
 Hartford it Conneeticnt Western, 
 
 Houston A Texas Central 
 
 Houston & Texas Central 
 
 Houston & Texas Central 
 
 Houston, E. & W. Texas 
 
 Houston, E. & W. Texas 
 
 Illinois Central 
 
 Illinois Central 
 
 Indiana, 111. iV Iowa 
 
 Indianapolis, Decatur & Western. 
 Indianapolis, Decatur &Sp'f^field 
 
 Indianapolis .t St. Louis 
 
 Inttfrnational 
 
 Jacksonville, Tampa .t K. W 
 
 Jacksonville S. Eastern 
 
 Jelfersonville, M. & Indianapolis 
 
 Kanawha A Ohio 
 
 Kanawha & ( )hio 
 
 Kansas City B. JSI 
 
 Kansas City, F. Scott & Memphis 
 Kansas City, F. Scott & Memphis 
 Kansas City, C. S. .t C. Eiver .. 
 Kansas City, St. Joseph & C. B. . . 
 Kansas City, Wyandotte A N. W. 
 
 Lackawanna A- Pittsburgli 
 
 Lake Erie, Alliance »fe Southern 
 
 Lake Erie iV, Western 
 
 Lake Shore & Mich. Southern, . . . 
 Lake Shore & M 'oh. Southern , . . . 
 
 Lehigh Valley 
 
 Leliigh Valley 
 
 Little Kock .t B'ort Smith 
 
 Louisville A' Nashville 
 
 Louisville .t Nashville 
 
 Louisville & Nashville 
 
 Louisville & Nashville 
 
 Louisville, N. Albany A. Chicago.. 
 Louisville E. Albany A Chicago. . 
 Louisville, N, Albany A' Chicago. . 
 LouisvilU', N. Albany A' Texas . , . 
 Louisivlle, Evansville .tSt. Louis. 
 Los Angeles, Pasa & Glendale . . 
 Los Angeles, Pasa & Glendale. . 
 Mahony & Susq. Div. P. & II. . . 
 
 Maryland Central 
 
 Maniton A Pike's Peak 
 
 Manitoba A' N. Western 
 
 Manitoba & N. Western 
 
 Memphis & Little Rock . 
 Metropolitan of Portland 
 Mexican International.... 
 
 Mexican National 
 
 Michigan Central 
 
 Minneapolis, Lynd. & Min 
 Minneapolis, St. P. A S. S. 
 ^.vlinneapolis, St. P. A S. S. 
 Minnesota A N, Western.. 
 Missouri Pacific 
 
 . M, D. Monserato. . . .Pres B 
 
 .J. H, Scott Gen, Supt 1890 
 
 , R. P. Martin Supt 18<.»0 
 
 Jolin F. Jones Gen. Supt B 
 
 G. A. (iuinlan Gen. Supt 1890 
 
 ,J. Wahio V. Pres B 
 
 .Donald /.lien J^ng. A Supt B 
 
 W, H. Wentworth. . .Asst. Gen. Man B 
 
 . M. (}. Howe Keoeiver 1890 
 
 E. T. Jeffrev Gen. Supt B 
 
 .C. M. Sliaefter Supt B 
 
 .T. P. Shouts Gen. Supt B 
 
 .L. A. Bovd Supt 1890 
 
 G. W. Bender Supt A 
 
 . T. W. Burrows Supt A 
 
 .D. E. McFee Supt ■ B 
 
 ,C. O. Parker Asst. Gen. Man . .1890 
 
 .E. S. Greenloaf Supt B 
 
 E. W. McKenna Supt B 
 
 L. D. Button Supt 1892 
 
 Thos. R. Sharp Gen. Man A 
 
 W. B, Knight Ch, Eng — 
 
 (jeo. H. Nettleton . .Pres. A Gen. Man, . .A 
 
 W. W. Fagan Gen. Supt — 
 
 W. W. Fagan Gen. Supt — 
 
 J. F. Barnard Gen, Man B 
 
 .Newman Erl V,-P. AGen. Man. 1890 
 
 W. II. Badger Gen. Supt A 
 
 . E. E. Scranton Supt 
 
 .Geo, L. Bradbury. . .Gen. 
 
 • J. E. Childs Asst. 
 
 .M. E. Wattles Supt 
 
 . H. Stanley Goodwin . Gen 
 .Robert H. Sayre. . . .Supt 
 
 .Henry Wood Gen. 
 
 .M. H. Smith V.-Pres, 
 
 .Chas. O. Parker Supt 
 
 Man , 
 Gen. 
 
 ...1891 
 
 . . . 1891 
 
 Man,.. 1892 
 
 ...B 
 
 Supt — 
 
 . A Eng C 
 
 Supt A 
 
 ...1891 
 B 
 
 Or. 
 
 Marie, 
 Mario, 
 
 C. D. Purdon Div. Eug — 
 
 G. K. McCormick . . . Res Eng 1890 
 
 John B. Carson .... , V.-Pres. AGen. Man.— 
 
 Thos. D. Dunn Gen. Supt .B 
 
 Jas. Baker Gen. Pass. Agt, ...1890 
 
 J. M. Edwards V.-Pres. AGen, Man.— 
 
 C. A. Darlton Supt B 
 
 John Cross Pres 1890 
 
 W. F. MeClure Ch. Eng 1890 
 
 J. H. Olhausen Supt B 
 
 Samuel Rea V.-Pres 1892 
 
 A. T. Tomlinson Div. Eng 1890 
 
 W. C, Baker Gen. Supt 1890 
 
 Geo. H. Webster . . . .Ch. Eng 1890 
 
 Rudolph Fink . ...Rec. & Gen. Man. . ,B 
 
 Alfred F, Sears Supt — 
 
 L. M. Johnson Gen. Man — 
 
 C. A, Merrian Supt B 
 
 B. Douglas Bridge Eng 1890 
 
 « Jeo. H. Cooley Ch. Eng 1890 
 
 T. D. Underwood. ,,Gen. Man 1891 
 
 W. W. Rich Ch. Eng 1890 
 
 E. G. Rus.sell Asst. Gen. Supt A 
 
 W. H. Boyd M. of Trans B 
 
103 
 
 JANUAEY PUOCEEDINOS. 
 
 • ■••••• 
 
 Mobile A' Ohio, 
 
 Montana (Jentral 
 
 Montana Central 
 
 Monturoy X' Mex. Gulf 
 
 Monterey & Mex. (inlf 
 
 Milfor.l F., .t Frov. & Hop 
 
 Milwaukee, L. Sliore (V Western. 
 Milwaukee, L. Shore A WoHteru . 
 
 Milwaukee it Northern 
 
 Milwaukee &. St. Paul T 
 
 Morgan's St. Louia «t Texas J. 
 
 Nashville, Oliattan. & St. L. . . 
 Nashville & Florence 
 
 T. M. R. Talcott . . . V.-PreH. & Gen. Man. A 
 
 11. C. Ives Gen. Man 18% 
 
 .N. C. Rav Hes. Eng 1891 
 
 A. llo()ertsoii Gen. Man 1890 
 
 , H. Wentworth . . .Ch. Enj; . . 1890 
 
 T. Logoo Gen. Si.pt .B 
 
 F. AVhitocomb. . .Gen. Man B 
 
 (i. H. rtoed Gen. Supt , B 
 
 P. Dutton Gen. Supt B 
 
 D. Uudiirwooii . . .Supt B 
 
 Knittschniidt Eng. & Supt B 
 
 .Hunter McDonald... Asst. Eng 18!)1 
 
 .J. T. Craik Ch. Eng. & Supt. . . B 
 
 .J 
 
 .W 
 
 .E. 
 
 .H. 
 
 .H. 
 
 Natchez, Jackson & Col E. D. Frost Gen. Supt B 
 
 Naugatuck George W. Beach Supt A 
 
 Nevada Central F. VV. Dnnn Gen. Supt B 
 
 New Haven <fe Northaniiiton S. H. Opdyke, jr Supt B 
 
 New Orleans, Natchez A Ft. Scott.H. I). Jenkins Oh. Eng 1891 
 
 New Orleans it Selma Norman Webb Rec B 
 
 Newport News ,t Miss. Valley J. L. Frazier Supt 1891 
 
 Newport A Nortliorn H. H. Vreeland Supt 1891 
 
 Newport & Wickford Theo. Warren Supt B 
 
 New York & Boston R. Trans W. Rotch Eng 1891 
 
 New York & New England A. A. Jackson Gen. Supt — 
 
 W.Perkins Asst. Rec B 
 
 M. Toucey Gen. Supt A 
 
 S.Davidson Supt 
 
 M. Sheppard Gen. Man 1891 
 
 S. Bowen V.-Pres B 
 
 M. Felton, jr Asst. Pres B 
 
 Ont. & Western S. W. Lampher Supt. Tran 1890 
 
 .J. E. Childs Gen. Sapt B 
 
 .J. W. Miller Gen. Man — 
 
 , .J. B. Gardiner Supt B 
 
 .Chas. M. Heald Prei. 1890 
 
 C. D. McKelvey Supt B 
 
 .(I. N. B. Edwards. ..Gen. Supt A 
 
 , .J. D, Layng Gen. .Man B 
 
 .W. O. McDowell. . . .P.-Pres. & Gen. Man.B 
 
 .G. W. Dixon Supt B 
 
 .G. H. Kimball Supt B 
 
 .J. F. Le Huron Gen. Supt 1892 
 
 Norfolk & Western Joseph H. Sands Gen. Man A 
 
 Norfolk & Western Charles Blackwell.. Supt. M. P B 
 
 Norfolk & Western Emile Low Div. Eng 1890 
 
 North Western C. AN E. T. Gait Man 1890 
 
 North Western 0. & N J. Bailey Supt 1890 
 
 Northern Paeitic T. F. Oakes V.-Pres & Gen. Man. A 
 
 Northern Pacific Robert Harris Pres B 
 
 Northern Pacific D. R. Taylor Supt B 
 
 Ohio & Mississippi J. F. Barnard Pres. A-. Gen. Man. 1890 
 
 Ohio A L. R. W B. S. Henning Pres 
 
 Ohio Central J. E. Martin Rec B 
 
 Old Colony J. R. Kendrick Gen. Man 1891 
 
 Ohio River Chas. P. Hatch Ex-Gen.Traf.Man.1891 
 
 Ohio .Southern W. H. Van Tasoll, . . .Supt 1891 
 
 Oregon .t Washington T F. RifHe Ch. Eng 1891 
 
 Oregon Ry. A Nav H. S. Rowe Supt B 
 
 Pennsylvania S. M. Prevost Gen. Supt. Trans.. 1890 
 
 Pennsylvania L. F. Loree Supt 1891 
 
 Pennsylvania Thos. J. Brereton . . . Supt 1890 
 
 New York & New England J. 
 
 New Y'oik Central A: H. River. . . . J. 
 New York, New Haven A Hartford .C. 
 New York, New Haven A Hartford . (.). 
 New Y^ork, Lake Erie & Western.. E. 
 New York, Lake Erie & Western. .S. 
 New York, 
 
 New York, Out. & Western 
 
 New York, Prov. & Boston 
 
 New York, Prov. A Boston 
 
 New York, Susq. & Western .... 
 New York, Susq. A Western . . . 
 
 New York City A Northern 
 
 New York, West Sh. A Bul!alo . 
 
 New York A Sea Beach 
 
 New York, Pitts. A Chicago ... 
 New York, Chic. A St. Louis . . . 
 Nicarii^<ua C. C. ('o 
 
 
.TANUAUT rROCEEDINOS. 
 
 104 
 
 
 
 Pennsylvania O. G. McClcllan ... . cinpt 
 
 PemiHylvc.v • B. 1*. SuowJon AbhI. Eng 
 
 Pennsy Ivauiii 8. 8. Blnir Supt 
 
 Pennsylvania M. W. Thomason. . . .Kniij. Mair. W. 
 
 Pennsylvaiiiii Robt. Pitc.iiirn Gen. A. &, Supt. 
 
 ...B 
 ...B 
 ...B 
 ...B 
 
 .1890 
 
 Ponsftcola & Atlantio. . , 
 Peoria, Di^catnr &. Evansville. 
 
 PI: 'adelphiaiV: Heading 
 
 Ph.ladelpliia it Boadiug 
 
 Pliiladeliiliiait Pending. 
 
 ,.W. D. Chipley V.-PrtH. & Gen. Supt B 
 
 , .G. L. Hradlcy V.-Pres B 
 
 I. A. Sweigaud Gen. Supt — 
 
 . .M. F. Boii/ano Supt ISilO 
 
 , .1. A. Higgins Sta. Agent 1890 
 
 Philadelphia & Bending W. Loron/, Ch. Eng B 
 
 Philadelphm, Wil. & Baltimore . . . H. H. Carter Supt 1891 
 
 PittHbnrgh, Cincinnati. V St. Louis M. J. B('(,'ker Ch. Eng.. 1891 
 
 Pontiac, Oxford it Port Auislin. . . .James Houston Gen. Supt 1890 
 
 Pittsburgh & Lake Erie E. Ilolbrook Gen. Supt 18P0 
 
 Pittsburgh, Shenango <k LakeErie.I. T. Blair Gen. Man 1890 
 
 Portland & Ogdensburg .1. Hamilton Supt B 
 
 Providence .fc Springfield W. Tinkhaui Pres B 
 
 I'rovidence A Worcester Chas. Howard Siipt A 
 
 I'rovidence & Worcester 
 
 Providence, W. & Bristol 
 
 Pullman Palace Car Company. 
 
 Prince Edward Island 
 
 Quebec <fc Lake St. John . . , 
 
 . . W. E. f ;hamberlain . . Supt B 
 
 . W. Stone Supt. .V Eng B 
 
 .G. F. Brown Gen. Supt B 
 
 ..L. B. Archibald Supt C 
 
 . . L J. Scott Man ....*. A 
 
 Queensboro <1' Falls ot R Chas. Sevmour Cons. Eng 1891 
 
 Qu'Appelle A Long Lake H. S. Holt Eng 1892 
 
 Richmond & Allegany Decatur Axtell Bee. & Man B 
 
 llichmond A Danville Julien A. Hall Asst. Eng 1892 
 
 Richmond & Danville F. M. Rutherfurd. . . Asst Eng 1892 
 
 Richmond, Fred. &, Potomac E. T. D. Myers Pres. &, Gen. Supt. . — 
 
 Richmond it Petersburg J. P. Kenly Supt B 
 
 Man . 
 
 Supt.. 
 
 Man , . , 
 Eng .. 
 R. W. 
 
 1891 
 1890 
 ...B 
 ...B 
 ...A 
 1891 
 1891 
 
 Rio Grande Western D. C. Dodge Gen 
 
 Rock Island & Peoria H. B. Sudlow Supt 
 
 Rochester & Pittsburgh Jame.s T. Gardner . . . Gen 
 
 Rogersville & Jefferson Chas. M. Lent/, Supt 
 
 Rome, \V. iV (Igdensliurg H. M. Britton Gen. 
 
 San Antouio A Ar. I'ass B. F. House Asst. 
 
 Savannah, Florida & West H. W. Reed Mast. 
 
 San Pete Valley S. Bamberger Man. Director B 
 
 Seaboard Air Line John O. Winder Gen. Man 1891 
 
 Seaboard Air Line I. T. Mvers Gen. Supt 1891 
 
 Seattle Lake Shore & Ilast F. W. I). Holbrook. .Man 1892 
 
 Shenango & Allegany J. T. Bluir Gen, Man B 
 
 Shenandoah Valley David W. Flickwir. . .Supt 1891 
 
 Silverton C. W. Gibbs Ch. Eng 1890 
 
 Skaneateles J. McNamara Supt A 
 
 South Florida B. R, S woope Supt A 
 
 South Cat ina John B. Peck Gen. Man . B 
 
 Southern lacific J. A. Fillmore Gen. Supt 1891 
 
 Southern Pacific A. C. Bassett Supt B 
 
 Southern Pacific , J. Kruttschmidt Supt — 
 
 Southern Pacific A. C. Hutchison .... Gen. Man A 
 
 Split Rock Cable 
 
 Staten Island, R. T 
 
 St. Joseph it Desloge 
 
 St. Johns it Lake Eustes. . . . 
 St. Louis, Alton & T. Haute. 
 St. Louis <t San Francisco . . 
 St. Louis, Arkan. & Texas.. . 
 St. Louis, Arkan. & Texas. . 
 
 . W. B. Cogswell Gen. Man 1890 
 
 .Frank S. Gannon Gen. Man 1891 
 
 .T. T. Ondordonk....Gen. Supt B 
 
 .VF. J. Jarvis Supt B 
 
 Geo. W. Parker Gen. Man B 
 
 .H.L.Morrill Gen. Man A 
 
 .A. H. Swanson Rec 1891 
 
 .H. G. Kelley Res. Eng 1890 
 
 St, Louis it Cairo C.Hamilton Gen. Supt B 
 
m 
 
 JANUAIty PHOrvREDlNOa. 
 
 St. Tjouis, Dc8 Moines fc North . . . H. 
 
 Bt. Louis, Dcs Moines * North . . . C. F. Meek Snpt 
 
 St. Louis, Ft. Hcott & Wicliita. . . .J. F. i.Iiller V.-Pres 
 
 St. Louis, Ft. SenttAWichitft W. H. Norris T/uin Mft.s 
 
 St. Paul, Minn. & Manitohn Jnuus J. Hill Pn'S 
 
 St. Pftul, Minn. &. Miinitobn H. C. Ives Asnt. Gen. Man 
 
 Ctoney Croek O. B. Bo^ks Supt. & Eng ... 
 
 Snburbun 11. Transit I. J. li. C'roos Ch. Enj,' 
 
 IL Wade Supt A 
 
 ...B 
 ...B 
 ...B 
 ...B 
 .. B 
 ...B 
 .1892 
 
 Syriic.nse, Ont. ifc N. York Albert Alltn C5en. Snpt 
 
 Taveros, Orlantlo & Atlantic T. M. T. McKennun. .Gen. Man. . 
 
 Terra Haute & Indianapolis W. li. M'lKeen Pres 
 
 Tennessee Coal & Iron A. M. Shook Gtn. Man... 
 
 Texas & Pacific John A. (Jrant V.-P. & Gen. 
 
 Toledo tfc Ohio Oentnil J. M. Ferris Gen. Man... 
 
 A 
 
 A 
 
 1890 
 
 B 
 
 Man. 1892 
 1891 
 
 Toledo ife Ohio Central CliffordBuxton Ch. Eng 1891 
 
 Tioga K. Du Puy Supt & Eng B 
 
 Toledo, Peoria A Western E. N. Armstrong Gen. Supt . .1891 
 
 Toledo, St. Louifl & Kansas A. H. Pettibone Gen. Supt B 
 
 Toledo, St. Louis & KansrtH S. E. Callaway Ch. Eng 1890 
 
 Toledo, Ann Arbor .t N. M H. W. Ashley Gen. Snpt B 
 
 Toledo, Col. & Cincinnati ('lifford Buxton Ch. Eng 1891 
 
 Troy it Boston J. Crandell Supt A 
 
 Ulster & Delaware ..T. M. Jones (Jen. Supt 1891 
 
 Union Pacific E. Dickinson Gen. Man 1891 
 
 Union Pacific S. T. Smith Gen. Supt B 
 
 Union Pacifi >, T. Appleton Res. Eng 1891 
 
 Valley W. Thornburgh Gen. Man 1891 
 
 Virginia & Truckee H. M. Ycrrington V.-Pres. it Gen. Man.B 
 
 Wabash K. H. Wade Gen. Supt A 
 
 Wagner Sleeping Car Co CD. Flngg' Gen. Supt. — 
 
 J.M.Hood Pres .t Gen. Man. B 
 
 H. Griswold Gen. F. Agent ...1891 
 
 Bell Gen. Supt 1890 
 
 E. Ainslie Gen. Man 1890 
 
 H. Bradley Gen. Snpt A 
 
 C. Wood Gen. Man B 
 
 Man 1892 
 
 A C. E ....1891 
 
 Western Maryland.. 
 
 Western Maryland B. 
 
 Western N. York & Pennsylvania. E 
 
 Wisconsin Central 
 
 West Shore. ... 
 
 Warren & Farnsworth 
 
 West Vir):;inia Central 
 
 Wichita & Western 
 
 West Virginia, C. & Pittsburgh 
 W'orcester, Nashua A Roch. . . . 
 Williaiusport & N. Branch. . . 
 
 S. 
 ..C. 
 ..A. 
 
 ..C. L. Bretz Gen. 
 
 . . D. H. Rhodes Snpt. 
 
 .W. E. Porter. Gen. 
 
 .C. S. Turner Pres. 
 
 . BeTi. (t. Welsh Pres. 
 
 York and Peachbottom S. M. Manifold Sunt 
 
 Supt . . 
 * Gen. 
 & Gen. 
 &, Eng 
 
 Man . 
 Man. 
 
 .B 
 
 .B 
 
 .B 
 
 ,.B 
 
 APPENDIX No. 3. 
 
 The following memorandum, prepared hj Sandford Fleming, Chair- 
 man of the Special Committee on Uniform Standard Time, has been 
 submitted to the British Government through the Governor-General of 
 Canada, at the instance of the Canadian Institute, Toronto, and referred 
 to a committee of the Department of Science and Art, London, consist- 
 ing of the following well-known eminent men, viz. : 
 
 W. H. M. Christie Astronomer Royal, Greenwich. 
 
 Professor J. C. Adams University of Cambridge. 
 
 Lieut. -General K. Stbachet Royal Engineers, India Office. 
 
 ,^i. Dr. Hind Superintendent Nautical Almanac. 
 
 Captain Wharton Hydrographer to the Admiralty. 
 
 Maj.-Gen'l DoNNiUiLY. . . Secretary Science and Art Department. 
 
JANTIHY PROCEEDINGS. 
 
 106 
 
 These gentlomen expressed their foucnrrence in the views advanced 
 in tlie memorandum, recognizing the advantnges which wonkl result 
 from the reform advocated, and the tane with which it may he carried 
 out. On their recommendation the British Government has transmitted 
 the correspondonce to theG.)Vornmi'nt8ot the several Britisli possessions 
 around tlio globe "with a view to tlie adoption t>f the Hour Zone Sys- 
 tem in ri.'ckoniug time generally, and of the 24 hour notation for rail- 
 way time tables." 
 
 The same Committee, in reporting to the British Government, 
 advised tliat all the railway companies of the United Kingdom bo 
 recommended to a lopt the 24 hour notation. 
 
 MEMORAJSTDUM on the movement for reckon ini/ time on a. scientific hnsis, 
 hj/ v'hich the <jrea ist possible degr'.e of siinpliciti/, accurncj/ anil uni- 
 formity will be obtainable in all countries Ihroitghoul tlie iDorld. 
 
 1. Notwithstanding the great ailvance which has been made during 
 the present <'entury, in all tlie arts and sciences and their application to 
 the affairs of human life, the reckoning of time is still in a primitive con- 
 dition iu manyc )nntries, and in an im^^erfect condition in every country. 
 Difficulties have betui developed since the introduction of rapid monns 
 of communication, throu!?h the twin agencies, steam and electricity, 
 which when examined i)rove that time is computed generally on prin- 
 ciples which are untenable. The world's time-reckoning is in fact an 
 exceedingly conipli(;at('d combination; it is produ<^tive of confusion, and 
 the confusion is apt to bii increased and intensified as population in- 
 creases ai'd lines of rapid communication are multiplied. 
 
 2. During the last ten years ellbrts have been made to overcome the 
 evils referred to liy esfablishiujj,' a remedial systeui on a sound scientific 
 l)asis which would be acceptable to all nations, and by which perfect 
 accuracy, uniformity, and simplicity would everywhere be obtainable. 
 
 3. The subject has been cavefully considered by many individuals, 
 and by scientitic societies in Europe and America. It has been dis- 
 cussed at geographical and geodetic congresses tit Venice and Rome, 
 and at Ccmventious of Scientists and practical business men in America. 
 On all these occasions the solution of the problem has been promoted. 
 As an outi?om^ of these various meetings and efibrts, the President of 
 the United States, under the authority of an Act of Congress, invited 
 the governments of all civilized nations to appoint delegates to meet in 
 conference at Washington to consider the whole question and take decis- 
 ive action in respect thereto. 
 
 4. The Washington Conference embraced delegates from twenfcy-flvB 
 nations; they had eight sessions; the first was held on 1st October, 1884; 
 the last on Ist November following. After patient deliberation and dis- 
 cussion the object of this International Conference was accomplished 
 by the passage, with substmtial unanimity, of a series of resolutions 
 determining the principles uiion which all the nations of the world may 
 unite in the adoption of a universal system of reckoning time. 
 
 5. The important results of the Conference are the establishment of 
 (1) a prime meridian for reckoning longitude; (2) a zero for time-reckon- 
 ing, and (3) a unit measure of time to be common to the whole world. 
 
107 
 
 JANUARY I'BOCKFDINGS. 
 
 6. Tbo primo-moridjnn correHponds with the Oreonwich meridian. 
 
 7. The zero of time may be delined oh tlie niomout of moau solar 
 pasaagu on tho uuti -piiino meridian. 
 
 8. The nnitineasun! of time, dcaignated the universal day, may be 
 detlued as the interval between two BUceeBsivo mean Bolar passages on 
 the anti-prime meridian. 
 
 9. The Conference further determined that the lioiirs of tho uni- 
 versal day shall bo c-ounted in ii single series from zero to 24. 
 
 10. The universal day as defined by the Washington Confei*enoe 
 begins and ends at the samn moment as the civil day at On uwich, but 
 it differs from tho Greenwieh civil day in respect to thr numbering of 
 the hours. While the univprsal day has a single »ot oc hours num- 
 bered from to 24, the Greenwich civil day is divided at noon into 
 halves, tho half days before and after noon being subdivided into wepa- 
 rate setts of hours, t>ach numbered from to 12 and distinguished as 
 anti-meridian and post-meridian. Greenwich time is the local time so- 
 called of the meridian of Greenwich. Universal time, on the other 
 hand, is understood to be common to all localities, and the universal 
 day is held to be the date of tho world. 
 
 11. Ccmsiderable progress lias been made in the adoption of the 
 principles o* universal time, and the i)ractical success which has attended 
 the application of these principles goes to show that tho unification of 
 reckoning by the several civilized nations can best bo effected step by 
 steji. 
 
 Reckoning by Hour Mekidians. 
 
 12. The first important step is the adoption of the "HotTR zone 
 System," commonly designated in America "sTANnAiU) timk." It may 
 lie .stated that in the theory of universal time the fundamental prin- 
 cijjle is unity; it is held that there is not more than one time in the 
 whole universe, and that tiie idea of separate and distinct times in each 
 separate locality is incorrect. While the essential principle of Universal 
 time is indisputable, it cannot be denied that a perfectly nniform nota- 
 tion of time throuf^'hout tho entire globe comes into direct conflict with 
 our preconceived notions and habits of thought. Tho hour zone system 
 is introduced as an easy means of transition from old to new ideas, and 
 it is found that by adopting hour meridians as local standards for 
 reckoning, prave difficulti . are iu a large measure overcome without 
 any violent departure from our inherited usages and prevailing customs. 
 The hour zone system also furnishes the means of applying the correct 
 principles of universal time in ordinary affairs. 
 
 13. In the hour zone system the circumference of the globe is divided 
 into twenty-four sections or zones. The central line of each zone is 
 an hour meridian, and the hour meridians are fifteen degrees of longi- 
 tude apart. The accompanying chart of the world on Mercator's pro- 
 jection shows the geograjihical position of the twenty-four hour meri- 
 dians. They are numbered iu consecutive order towards the west from 
 zero, the ante-prime meridian. 
 
 14. The hour zones theoretically extend seven and a half degrees of 
 longitude on eacli side of the hour meridians, but in practice that is by 
 no means an essential rule. The boundary line of contiguous zones 
 may be governed by national, geographical or commercial circum- 
 stances. 
 
an. 
 Holar 
 
 Fiy be 
 
 08 OD 
 
 reiioe 
 , but 
 tiRof 
 imn- 
 into 
 <epa- 
 (1 as 
 
 80- 
 
 )tlior 
 orsal 
 
 the 
 nded 
 n of 
 pby 
 
 ZONE 
 
 U5ay 
 Drin- 
 
 the 
 each 
 Bi'sal 
 iota- 
 with 
 3t<an 
 
 and 
 ( for 
 lioiit 
 
 rreot 
 
 ided 
 e is 
 Dgi- 
 pro- 
 leri- 
 rem 
 
 (8 of 
 3 by 
 }nes 
 um- 
 
.TANUAUY rilOCEiSUINOS. 
 
 108 
 
 1'). AHtlio oaitli mttitcH on in axis in twenty -four hours, an hour 
 ehiimot^ bi'twccii tho Molur pivHHugo on each HUccoHHive hour nioridian; it 
 is olivioUH thorcforo thiit if tho rt'okoiiiii^ in ouoh zono h« gov(>rneil hy 
 itn ••(mpt'ctive inoridiiin, tho rt'i-koningH nM'iywhiTo will li« directly 
 rolatcd. Thero will ho dUVoroncoH. hut tho diticronoos will in ovorycftHo 
 bo known and thoy will invarialily ho uiulliploHof an hour. Throu^clmnt 
 tho gloho thore will ho cotnidoto idoutity in tho niiiuitoH and Hooondw. 
 For exiiniplo, whon thorookoning in tho tonth zono in h\\ honrH twenty- 
 five niinutoH, in tho ohvontli zono it will ho flvo houm twonty-live min- 
 n H in tho tw(!lfth zone foui' liourH twonty-livo niinutos, and ho on, oucli 
 suoceHsiv - zono diiroring by an oxaot hour. 'I'Iuih tho mdv doparturo 
 from com doto uniformity in ri.ckoniti(< around tln> gloho will ho in tho 
 nunihors of tho hours, hut tho nunihers of tho bourn being govornod by 
 tho n)inib(>rn of the hour moridians, tho pasnago to univerHal time iH 
 simplo and direot. 
 
 IG. Ah tho reckoning in tho zono of tho twelfth hour meridian oor- 
 responds with uinvorHal time tho rookoningH in nil zonea t > the east of 
 that meridian will bo ono or more full hours in advance of univerHa' 
 time, anil in all zonoH to the west oi tho twolfMi hour moridian the 
 reckoningH will l)e behind univeisal time. UoivorHal time will bo tho 
 moan of all possible reckoningH under tho hour zono system, anil the 
 univerHal day tho moan of all i)o»Hil)le local days. 
 
 17. The hour zone flystem has been adopted for ordinary use in por- 
 tions of the throe continents -^f Af'\a, Europe and Amcrii^a. In 18.^7 
 an imperial ordinance was ])romulKated directing that on and after the 
 flrfit day of Junuary in the yt-ar following, time throughout the Jap'vnese 
 Empire would be reckoned by the third hour moridian. The reckoning 
 in England and Scotland is by tho twelfth hour meridian, in Sweden 
 tho eleventh liour moriilian is the standard, aiul quite recently it has 
 been resolved in Austria-Hungary to be governed by the same meridian. 
 Efforts are now being made to follow the same course in Germany and 
 in other European countries. In Nc 'th America the hour /ono system 
 has boon in general use for six years, the reckoning of time being 
 governed as follows, namely: 
 
 By the IGth-hour moridian in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward 
 Island. 
 
 By tho 17th-hour meridian in Now Brunswick, Qnobec, Ontario, 
 Maine, Vermont, Massachussotts, New Hami>8hire, Connecticut, 
 New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Islaml, Ni^w Jersey, Maryland, 
 Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Florida. 
 
 By the 18tli-hour merif.ian in Manitoba, Koewatin, Minnesota, Wis- 
 consin, Michigan, Iowa, Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Mis- 
 soiiri, Arkansas, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Lonisianu. 
 
 By the 19th-honr meridian in Assiniboia, Saskatchewan, Alberta, 
 Athabasca, Montana, Dakota, Wyoming, Nebraska, Colorado, 
 Kansas, New Mexico, Texas, Utah, Arizona. 
 
 By the 20th-hour meridian in British Columbia, Washington, Idaho, 
 Oregon, Nevada, California. 
 
 18. The adoption of the hour zone system has been the means of 
 removing the chaos of local times which in many quarters previously 
 caused much friction. Wherever the reckoning is governed by the same 
 standard meridian there is complete uniformity in every division of time. 
 In Japan, Central Europe, Groat Britain, United States, Canada and 
 
109 
 
 JANUARY PROCEEDlJiTGS. 
 
 Mexico identity of reckoning prevails. In all these countries tho hours 
 are struck at the namo moment, the only diileronce is in tho nunabers by 
 whioh they are locally known; with that single exception, every division 
 of the day is simultaneous. 
 
 The 21-Houk Notation. 
 
 19. The second imi)ortant step in regulating tho reckoning of time 
 throughout the world is to abandon the division of the day into ante- 
 meridian and post-meridian hours, sopaiately numbered, and to substi- 
 tute a single scrieb of hours numbered from to '2i. This change was 
 resolved upon V)y the Vv'ashington Conference with respect to the uni- 
 verwal day. 
 
 20. Tiie old practice of dividing the day into separate sets of twelve 
 hours, however it arose, has not only no advantage to recommend it, but 
 tlie usage has been found to have positive disadvantages, which have 
 been i)rought into prominence within the past generation. The division 
 of the day into halves doubles the chance cf error, and tends to confu- 
 sion in connection with tho running of railway trains. The misprint or 
 mistake of a siugla letter, a.m. for J'.m., or vice versa, will easily arise to 
 cause inconvenience, loss of time, possibly loss of propertv or loss of 
 life. 
 
 21. The 24-hour notation, so-called, removes all doubt and uncer- 
 tainty and promotes safety. "Where it has been adoi)ted in Cana<la there 
 is no ambiguity; moreover the change has been efl'ected without difficulty 
 and without danger. The hours having a lower number tban twelve 
 are known to belong absolutely to the first part of the day, and those 
 having a higher number to the afternoon and evening. 
 
 22. The 24.-hour notation is strongly recommended by prominent 
 men in Russia, Germany, Italy, Austria, Belgium, France, Spain, Great 
 Britain — indeed it may be said in every country in Europe. It is brought 
 into daily use on the great lines of telegraph leading from England to 
 Egypt, India, China, Australia and South Africa. It is I'eceived with 
 very great favor in America. It has been in use for nearly four years 
 on 2 354 miles of the Canadian Pacific Railway, and for nearly three 
 years on the Canadian Government Railway, the Intercolonial, 986 miles 
 in length. The managers of these railways and all the employes speak 
 of the 24-hour notation in the highest terms. It is the only system in 
 use, at this date, north of the 49th parallel and west of the 89th meridian. 
 Tliere is not a province in Canada where it is not already in use. It has 
 I _ m adopted on the railways in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince 
 Edward Island, Manitoba, Assiniboia, Alberta, British C'olumbia and 
 partly in Quebec and Ontario; so satisfactory are the results of the new 
 notation that it has been determined to extend its application, and it is 
 expected that before long it will be in guneral use for railway purposes 
 throughout the Dominion. 
 
 23. In the United States a strong expression of opinion in favor of 
 tlie 24-hour notation has been ol)tained. The American Society of Civil 
 Engineers, deeply concerned in the perfection of the railway system of 
 the republic, has, since the year 1880, taken an cctive interest in time 
 reform. Tiiis Society led the way in preparing the minds of men for 
 the general acceptance of the hour zone system six years ago, and since 
 then it has vigorously directed attention to the 24-hour notation. It 
 has a .si)ecial committee whose duty under the ai\^hoi'ity of the Society 
 is to correspond with railway managers on the subject, and in every 
 
JANUARY PROCEEDINGS. 
 
 110 
 
 propor way to promote the adoption of the new notation. The eom- 
 miinications which havo been sent out by the American Society of Civil 
 Engineers to tlie leading railway men throughout the country have 
 elicited a very large number of roplien. They embrace the opinion of, 
 it is believe,}, a considerable majority of the managers of all the railway 
 conii)anies in North America; and of all who have been heard from 
 about 97 per cent, are in favor of the adoption of the 24-hour notation 
 in tiie railway service of the country at an early date. It is quite ol>viou3 
 tliat there is a widespread feeling in favor of the change, and it only 
 remains for the General Time Convention, an organized body, repre- 
 senting all the railways in the United States, to take docisivis action in 
 tlie matter, so that the now notation may be brought into use simultane- 
 ously in every section of the country. 
 
 24. Canada, in adopting the hour zone system, and in introducing the 
 24-hour notation, lias undoubtedly taken the lead in carrying into effect, 
 in the most practical manner possible, the essential principles of uni- 
 versal time. The 24-liour notation has likewise been introduced iu the 
 railway service of China, and it is not a little remarkable that one of 
 the oldest Eastern civilizations, conjointly with the youngest Western 
 civilization, should set an example in breaking through the trammels of 
 custom to inaugurate a reform which every intelligent jierson believes 
 to be desirable. Universal time will be substantially adopted in North 
 America so soon as the 24-hour notation is brought into use throughout 
 the United States. There is but one step necessary to secure to Great 
 Britain all the advantages of universal time -that is the adoption of the 
 24-hour notation; this one reform concerns the railway system and rail- 
 way travelers especially, and in a country where all travel more or h^ss, . 
 I cannot but think that if English railway managers were informed as 
 to the ease with whiidi the change has been introduced in Canada and 
 the satisfactory results which have followed, they would very speedily 
 take means to obtain similar advantages. I am confirmed in this view 
 by an examination of the letters which have been received by the 
 Science and Art Department, South Kensington, cojues of wliich I have 
 been favoi'ed with. These letters go to show that the resolutions of the 
 Washington Conference on this subject are cordially favored by the 
 following important bodies and departments, viz. : 
 
 1. Royal Astronomical Society. 
 
 2. The Royal Society. 
 
 3. The Board of Trade. 
 
 4. The General Post Office. 
 
 5. The Eastern Telegraph Companv. 
 
 6. The Eastern Extension Telegrapn Company. 
 
 7. The Eastern and South African Telegraph Company. 
 
 8. The Society of Telegraph Engineers. 
 
 9. The Trinity House. 
 
 10. The India Office. 
 
 11. The Colonial Office. 
 
 12. The Admiralty. 
 
 To these majr be added the Committee of Council on Education and 
 the Board of Visitors of the Royal Observatory, Greenwich. Indeed, I 
 cannot learn that a single objection has been received from any quarter. 
 
 25. As the fundamental objects of the Washington Conference were 
 to remove all doubt and ambiguity in time-reckoning, to prevent dis- 
 crepancies, to secure simplicity and introduce uniformity, it is mani- 
 
Ill 
 
 JANUAHY PROCBEDINGS. 
 
 festly imi)ortant that the changes proposed, supported as they were at 
 the Conference by the representatives of tweuty-five nations, and subse- 
 quently looked upon in so many quarters as in themselves intrinsically 
 desirable, should without unnecessary delay bi' accepted, and as far as 
 jiracticable put in force g(juerally. The first important stei) is the selec- 
 tion of hour meridians and the adoption of the hour zone system. 
 With these objects in view the aceonipanying map has been prepared; 
 it shows tlie position of the 24-hour meridians aud indicates in a general 
 way the country or sentiou of country to which any particular hour 
 meridian has grc^atest proximity. It would greatly advance the unifi- 
 cation of time throughout the world, and greatly })romote tlie common 
 good of mankind, if cverj' nation, with all convenient si^eed, would 
 take mc^ans to select the hour meridians on which its reckoning of time 
 may bo based. Ai»pended lieieto will be found a table indicating the 
 hour meridians which in each case may bo found eligible for selection, 
 but in a matter of this kind each nation must judge for itself. (See 
 Table No. 1.) 
 
 2G. I have mentioned what has been done in America, more especially 
 in Canada, in furlheranee of this movement. If means be taken to 
 extend the use of the hour zone system to all the British possessions 
 around the globe they will individually aud collectively participate in 
 the advantages of a common reckoning of time. I venture to submit, 
 suggestively, the appended list of the principal British colonies and 
 dependencies with tbe hour meridians which appear the most suitable 
 for standarrls in each case. (See Table No. '2. ) 
 
 SANDFOKD FLEMING. 
 
 Ottawa, 20th November, 1889. 
 
I i 
 
 
JANUAUY PROCEEDINGS. 
 
 113 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 REsrECTiNa the HOUR MERIDIANS as ncmbeued on the Map. 
 
 It is obviously desirable that the hour meridians or sub-standards, 
 for reckoning time by all nations, should be designated in a manner 
 which will render them easily distinguished and readily known through- 
 out the world. A nomenclature based on geographical terms or derived 
 from local names may appear appropriate in one country, while in an- 
 other, or in un opposite hemisphere, it might be quite inap])licable. 
 Moreover, not only would difl'erences of ojiinion arise as to the appropri- 
 ateness of such terms, but owing to the diversity of languages among the 
 nations, the difficulty of selecting names universally acceptable would 
 be so increased as to render a common agreement respecting them 
 scarcely attainable. 
 
 These objections do not apply to numbers. A nomenclature based 
 on numbers woiild bo common to all nations, and each term would have 
 the same precise meaning in all languages and in both hemisi)heres. 
 The numbers given to the hour meridians, as nown on the map, begin 
 at zero and follow the sun in its apparent motion. The solar jiassage on 
 the anti-prime meridian being the zero of tlie " universal" or " world " 
 day, at the end of the first hour the solar passage would be on the first 
 hour meridian, at the end of the second hour it would bo on the second 
 hour meridian, and so on for each of the twenty-four hours — the hour in 
 each case agreeing with the number of the hour meridian at the instant 
 of mean solar passage. Thus it will be evident that with the hour 
 meridians so numbered the solar passage would Ijc the j rpetual index 
 of "world" time. Local "Standard Time" as reckoned in any hour 
 zone would he faster or sloioer than "world " time according to the fol- 
 lowing formula: Let h bo the number of the hour meridian, then East 
 of the prime n:eridian, S. T. hours /as(f = 12 — h West of the prime meri- 
 dian, S. T. hours slow==:h — 12. 
 
 The principle of this simple means of distinguishing the twenty-iour 
 meridians constituting the sub-ataudards for reckoning time the world 
 over, and the advantages to accrue from its universal application, are 
 further explained in the Smithsonian Report for 1886, pages 351-2. 
 
 S. F. 
 
 January 2lBt, 1891. 
 
I 
 
 113 
 
 JANUARY PHOCEEUINGS. 
 
 TABLE No. 1. 
 Foreign Countiueb. 
 
 Tablo showing the hour meridians numbtred as on the accompany- 
 ing map and conveniently situated for reckoning time under the hour 
 zone system. 
 
 The last cohmin gives the diflV'ivnccs between loral reckonings and 
 the time of the woild — universal time. 
 
 The sign vlus indicates that local reckonings are in advance of, and 
 MINUS that they are behind, world time in each case. 
 
 COUNTBES. 
 
 Argoutlnn Republic. 
 
 Austrltt-HuiiKary 
 
 Uelgiiiui 
 
 Kolivlu 
 
 Urazil 
 
 lUilgaria... 
 Costa Illca. 
 
 OhUl 
 
 China 
 
 Colombia 
 
 Congo 
 
 Dcnmarli 
 
 8t. Domingo , 
 
 Egypt 
 
 France 
 
 Germany 
 
 Greece 
 
 Hawaii , 
 
 Honduras 
 
 Hayti , 
 
 Heligoland 
 
 Italy 
 
 Japan 
 
 Mexico 
 
 Keiherlands 
 
 Nicarag\ia 
 
 Norway 
 
 Paraguay 
 
 Persia 
 
 Pern 
 
 Boumania 
 
 Slam 
 
 Servii* 
 
 Spain 
 
 Sweden 
 
 Switzerland 
 
 Turkey 
 
 BuBSia in Europe.. 
 
 BuBsla in Aaia. 
 
 DnigTiay 
 
 United States. 
 
 Alaska 
 
 Venezuela, 
 
 HODB Mbbisians. 
 
 Hour Zone 
 
 
 
 Reok'iuii 
 faster or h 
 
 >g» 
 
 
 
 ower 
 
 Inst or WpHt of 
 
 Numbered ou 
 
 than World 
 
 Qreenwlcb. 
 
 Now Map. 
 
 Timo, 
 
 
 BO West 
 
 16 
 
 
 4 Hours. 
 
 15 Ea<it 
 
 11 
 
 + 
 
 1 
 
 " 
 
 — 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 I* 
 
 CO West 
 
 10 
 
 — 
 
 4 
 
 <i 
 
 ir, '• 
 
 16 
 
 — 
 
 3 
 
 *4 
 
 60 " 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 li 
 
 HO East 
 
 10 
 
 4- 
 
 2 
 
 II 
 
 W) West 
 
 18 
 
 
 (1 
 
 li 
 
 76 " 
 
 17 
 
 — 
 
 6 
 
 •• 
 
 120 East 
 
 4 
 
 4- 
 
 8 
 
 II 
 
 105 " 
 
 6 
 
 -t- 
 
 7 
 
 If 
 
 7,'5 West 
 
 17 
 
 
 6 
 
 II 
 
 15 East 
 
 11 
 
 + 
 
 1 
 
 II 
 
 ir> " 
 
 11 
 
 + 
 
 1 
 
 II 
 
 76 West 
 
 17 
 
 
 5 
 
 II 
 
 ao East 
 
 10 
 
 + 
 
 2 
 
 (1 
 
 — 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 " 
 
 15 East 
 
 11 
 
 -4- 
 
 1 
 
 •• 
 
 30 " 
 
 10 
 
 + 
 
 2 
 
 II 
 
 l.W West 
 
 22 
 
 
 10 
 
 II 
 
 1)0 " 
 
 18 
 
 — 
 
 6 
 
 II 
 
 75 " 
 
 17 
 
 — 
 
 S 
 
 II 
 
 15 East 
 
 11 
 
 + 
 
 1 
 
 II 
 
 16 East 
 
 11 
 
 + 
 
 1 
 
 '• 
 
 135 " 
 
 3 
 
 + 
 
 
 
 II 
 
 106 West 
 
 1« 
 
 
 7 
 
 II 
 
 — 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 •• 
 
 90 West 
 
 18 
 
 — 
 
 6 
 
 li 
 
 15 East 
 
 11 
 
 + 
 
 1 
 
 II 
 
 60 West 
 
 16 
 
 
 4 
 
 II 
 
 «0 East 
 
 8 
 
 + 
 
 4 
 
 II 
 
 75 West 
 
 17 
 
 
 6 
 
 II 
 
 30 FAst 
 
 10 
 
 -_ 
 
 2 
 
 If 
 
 105 ■• 
 
 5 
 
 -- 
 
 7 
 
 II 
 
 30 " 
 
 10 
 
 -- 
 
 2 
 
 II 
 
 — 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 II 
 
 16 Eiwt 
 
 11 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1 
 
 " 
 
 15 ■■ 
 
 U 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1 
 
 II 
 
 30 " 
 
 10 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 2 
 
 " 
 
 45 " 
 
 9 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 3 
 
 II 
 
 30 •• 
 
 10 
 
 - 
 
 
 2 
 
 II 
 
 105 " 
 
 1 
 
 . 
 
 - 
 
 H 
 
 11 
 
 150 " 
 
 2 
 
 - 
 
 
 10 
 
 II 
 
 135 " 
 
 3 
 
 . 
 
 - 
 
 9 
 
 " 
 
 120 " 
 
 4 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 8 
 
 II 
 
 105 " 
 
 C 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 7 
 
 II 
 
 00 " 
 
 6 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 6 
 
 • 1 
 
 76 " 
 
 7 
 
 + 
 
 6 
 
 II 
 
 00 " 
 
 8 
 
 + 
 
 4 
 
 • 1 
 
 60 West 
 
 10 
 
 
 4 
 
 II 
 
 76 '• 
 
 17 
 
 — 
 
 6 
 
 " 
 
 90 •• 
 
 18 
 
 — 
 
 6 
 
 • 1 
 
 105 '• 
 
 19 
 
 — 
 
 7 
 
 II 
 
 120 " 
 
 20 
 
 — 
 
 8 
 
 II 
 
 135 " 
 
 21 
 
 — 
 
 9 
 
 '■ 
 
 150 " 
 
 22 
 
 — 
 
 10 
 
 " 
 
 60 •• 
 
 16 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 4 
 
 II 
 
I 
 
 h 
 
THE WOIL ON MERCATORS PRajECTION. SHEWING THE 24; HOUR MERID 
 
 UD lOlt 
 
 33?' Hour 22"<* 21]^ SoW" l»«^ . 18 *"VP"*lV< ^^?^ M'^ 15*^ 
 
 Meridian r^'ln f^'Tx/ ~ 
 
 E a L A ir u 
 
 e't^^lS^dL Jth ♦'J' a^ 
 
 
 ie|6 
 
 a^ .20ji>'„ __19»h -___1S#__^, J 7i^i^_ igj<^ isjtj 
 
 i«[s i3n 1U6 i>p~ 7E ot> ik 
 
 
 th 
 
 ilA«k«t. 
 
 '^JVCt:jtXiiMHriJHAi^it'd'i'Sr'? 
 
•: 24 HOUR MERIDIANS FOR REGUIATING SIANDARD TIME. 
 
 lst^ 
 
 E H L A ir O 
 
 TT> 1 C!^' "^y T> "'■ ~ ^F + 
 
 ^'> I ^)%,>- A E^'^C T I C 
 
 
 
 i a|6 ul) Hit « 
 
 ^ Itandian. ^ 
 
 and 
 
 1/ 
 
 PLATE III. 
 
 PRO, AM. SOC. C. E, 
 
 VOL. XVII. 
 
 MAP OF a4-H0UR MERIDIANS 
 
 FOR REGULATING STANDARD 
 
 TIME. 
 
 ^Uu^!STc!^^aiMJmdn 
 
' 
 
JANUAUY TROCEEDINOa 
 
 lU 
 
 TABLE No. 2. 
 BnniHn Possesaionh. 
 
 Tal)l« iiulicfttinp tho lioiir meritliaiiB. numl)er«Ml uh on tlio acooin- 
 panyiiiK niaj), which may 1)« Belected uh hx-al stnndarclH for rockouing 
 iilue in ciich nf the Hovcml JJrilish jioHsowHions. 
 
 Tlio lust coliiinii gives tlio (UUVreuouH botwoon local roikoningB and 
 tho time of tho woiUl — universal time. Tiie sign vuvh indicates that 
 Ideal ffu^koningH are in advance of, and minuh that they are Ixhiud, 
 worlil time in o-ich cas-c. 
 
 
 HovB MiaioiAMa. 
 
 Honr Zone 
 BoiiiioniDga 
 
 C0i;KTBI«i. 
 
 EMtorWestof 
 Oreenwicl), 
 
 Nuinlinred on 
 Map. 
 
 faster or slower 
 
 than World 
 
 lime. 
 
 T'lo nrltish Ihlanclu (roraiirlging)— 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 60 Weit 
 75 " 
 60 " 
 75 " 
 
 75 " 
 90 " 
 
 106 " 
 1116 •■ 
 120 " 
 120 " 
 120 " 
 
 160 East 
 160 " 
 160 " 
 160 •• 
 136 " 
 120 •' 
 166 " 
 166 " 
 160 •• 
 
 76 " 
 90 " 
 75 " 
 
 120 " 
 105 " 
 120 " 
 
 75 West 
 75 " 
 60 " 
 75 " 
 60 " 
 CO " 
 00 " 
 90 " 
 60 " 
 60 ■• 
 60 " 
 60 •• 
 60 •• 
 60 " 
 60 " 
 00 " 
 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 
 16 
 17 
 16 
 17 
 17 
 18 
 IB 
 10 
 20 
 20 
 20 
 
 9 
 
 a 
 a 
 
 2 
 S 
 
 4 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 17 
 17 
 16 
 17 
 16 
 16 
 16 
 18 
 1« 
 16 
 16 
 16 
 10 
 16 
 16 
 16 
 
 Honrt. 
 
 8cutlHiul 
 
 
 
 ImlHiid 
 
 
 
 CauAila (I'liniiirlsiug)— 
 
 
 
 5 11 
 
 I'rince Kdward laland 
 
 
 Qu*'l)oc 
 
 
 Ontario 
 
 5 If 
 
 
 •• 
 
 AKHlnltxuii 
 
 — 7 '• 
 
 8»Hli»trliawan 
 
 7 <. 
 
 AlbiTta. 
 
 — 8 
 
 
 _ H " 
 
 ItritUb Culiiitibia 
 
 — 8 " 
 
 Australaula (coriivrlsInK) — 
 
 New South Wales 
 
 + 10 
 - - 10 
 
 4- 10 
 
 4- 10 
 
 + 9 
 
 4-8 •• 
 --11 " 
 
 Victoria 
 
 QuornHliincl 
 
 
 South Australia • . . ••••«••.«. • . 
 
 Wettcrn Australia 
 
 Fiji 
 
 --11 " 
 
 Now Guinea .. 
 
 -i- 10 " 
 
 PoBBeBHloim lu Asia (cutuprlsiog)— 
 
 India . . 
 
 
 h 5 " 
 
 Burinah .• 
 
 \- 
 
 Ceylon , 
 
 h 6 •• 
 
 
 L 8 •• 
 
 
 - 7 
 
 
 U 8 " • 
 
 West India (oomijrisiug)— 
 
 Jaiuaioa • 
 
 — 6 " 
 
 Turk's Inland 
 
 
 BritiRh Qulautv 
 
 — 4 " 
 
 liahiiiuas .••• 
 
 _ 5 •* 
 
 Trinadad 
 
 __ ^ It 
 
 
 ~« 4 '• 
 
 
 ^ 4 *• 
 
 liritish Uonduras .••• •. 
 
 — — 6 " 
 
 St Vincent • 
 
 -« 4 •« 
 
 8t. Lucia 
 
 — 4 " 
 
 Antigua 
 
 — 4 " 
 
 MoiilHorrat 
 
 -^ 4 " 
 
 St ChriHtophi'r 
 
 , A l« 
 
 
 ..» 4 •' 
 
 
 — 4 '* 
 
 
 
 
116 
 
 JANIURY riir JEKDINaa 
 TABLE No. 2~Continue(l. 
 
 CouimuM, 
 
 Bona HiBiouiti. 
 
 Poiaeiiioni in Afrloa (comprlilnai— 
 C«pe of OoihI Hope. ....... . 
 
 BeohnannUuii " 
 
 lUxntoltiiii ' 
 
 Nntal '.','.'.'.'.','.',' 
 
 Sierra T4>one *,* .','.' ' ,' 
 
 Gambia 
 
 (told Coaat .'.','!!.'.'.*.'." 
 
 I*«n« _" I 
 
 MIxovllttuooiiK (noinprising)!!' 
 
 St. Ilolona 
 
 aibraltar 
 
 Malta .'.".',','.'.'.".'.'."* 
 
 Oyprua .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.','.'.*.*.',' 
 
 Uormuda .!.'!!! 
 
 Fal k la I ul Itlan da ".''.' 
 
 A(l<^^ '"''' 
 
 AareriNloii .'.'!!!!!"." 
 
 KamilflK lBlnnd .'!."!!!!!!!!!.* 
 
 Mauri till* 
 
 MewfouDdlaad '.'.'!'. 
 
 Honr /on« 
 
 , R(>< kiiuliiHa 
 
 I faaUi or *l<">or 
 
 E»llto^^\ellt of Numhered on ^"'"' World 
 
 'lima. 
 
 (ireeiiwloli. 
 
 30 
 80 
 
 ao 
 
 HO 
 IS 
 1ft 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IS 
 
 au 
 
 CO 
 6(1 
 4fi 
 
 IS 
 
 ISO 
 
 00 
 
 60 
 
 l^t 
 
 Weal 
 
 Eoat 
 Wi-at 
 
 l< 
 *« 
 
 Vfftt 
 
 East 
 Weat 
 
 Map. 
 
 10 
 10 
 10 
 10 
 18 
 18 
 13 
 
 la 
 1-i 
 
 13 
 11 
 10 
 16 
 16 
 
 9 
 13 
 23 
 
 H 
 16 
 
 3 
 
 Ilonn 
 
 3 
 
 
 3 
 
 «< 
 
 3 
 
 «i 
 
 1 
 
 *« 
 
 1 
 
 II 
 
 
 
 II 
 
 
 
 II 
 
 t 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 a 
 
 — 4 
 
 — 4 
 
 + a 
 ~ 1 
 
 — 10 
 
 + * 
 
 ~ 4 
 
IIHI 
 
 I r