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CIHM/ICMH 
 
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:■.• ■ !■ 
 
 ,. f 
 
 BALE VERTE CANAL, 
 
 -'Xr.O'jcr, — 
 
 NOTES 
 
 RESPECTING 
 
 UNDEEGROUND FOREST, ETC. 
 
 ALSU 
 
 : ( 
 ■ 1 
 
 pajp^feml^i^purl^ 
 
 ON 
 
 BAIK VERTE CANAL 
 
 FROM JSi'i', T<.) Ls74. 
 
 o'^TA^^■A : 
 
 l'KiNT£i) BY I. W. Tatlof, 'JO, 31, ANo 3;5, l.'iPFAn Street. 
 
 187L'. 
 
i^ : 
 
N O T K S 
 
 RESPECriNG UNDERGROUND FOREST, &o. 
 
 "'t^ (^a 
 
 I i 
 
 \ 
 
 Mossy Flains- 
 
 AcconUng to Borings iiiadu November, 187o, in the 
 Mossy Plain, at tlie Head of Long Lake, the thickness of 
 the moss varies from U lu 18 feet, ou Mr. Keefer's loca- 
 tion line of 187:2. 
 
 The crust of tlie plain for a tlepth of about .") feet, is 
 c;)m})0se(l of roots and live moss; below this depth, the 
 material appears to consist of rotten moss and decayed 
 vegetable matter, resting upon the fallen timljer of a 
 buried forest, j)robably accumulated centuries ago, — the 
 whole resting upon clay and red sandstone rock. 
 
 This plain, which a])pears to be an accumulation ot 
 i'orest timber and moss, is situjited at the water-shed 
 between Long Lake and tJie vallev of the Tidnish. 
 
 Plains similar in outward appearance to tlie one de- 
 scribed, are ibund near the water-shed, between the 
 valleys of the Rivers Missiguash and Tidnish ; they vary 
 fiom \ to I mile in length, by J to I mile in width. 
 
 The ])receding is based on a report from Alex. Monro, 
 Esq., P.L.S., of Port Elgin, N.B., under whose supervision 
 the borings were made. 
 
 Marshes and Bogs- 
 
 In Mr. i>aillairge's original report, dated 8th April, 1872 — 
 at page \o'l (.»f Appendix to Public Works Report for 
 1872 — under the heading of " Marshes, Bogs, Dykes," 
 iVic, will be found a description of the black muck, of a 
 hard peaty nature, which is found below the first layer 
 
of clay and sand, at depths of from 13 to 24 feet below 
 the top snrtace of tlie Bogs, in the Missiguash Valley. 
 
 This peaty understratum, v/h'ch rests ehiefly on white 
 Kand, lias been also found beneatli the soil of the 
 (i}'ked marslies, at de})ths varying from 15 to 2o feet 
 below theii* top surface ; it appears to extend for a dis- 
 tance of about 1) miles from the Bay ol Fundy, eastward, 
 and to have a thicknesL'. of Irom 1 to 4 feet. 
 
 Tlio same peat}'' substance and underlying soil crop 
 out on the banks of Cumberland Basin, wheie pine 
 and beech stumps, kc, aiv found imbcidded in a similar 
 description of soil, near tlie outlets oi Sharp's Creek, the 
 River La Pkinche and Cumberland Creek, when the tide 
 is out. This v.'oukl lead to the supposition, already made 
 by Professor .Dawson, in liis Acadian Geology, respecting 
 the subsidence of tlie soil, or the increased heiidit of the 
 tides. 
 
 
 .,r.->.:^U .■■■:■ I .' 
 
 
 rv7,;.l ii^-lJi Gili'''i^iM i'lli- 
 
T^ 
 
 Synopsis of Reports on Bate Verte 
 
 Canal. 
 
 Robert C. Minnitte, P.L.S. — Acting under instructions 
 from llovcrnnient of New Brunswick. Survey, October, 
 1822, f(n- a canal between Bay oCFuiuly and Baie Verte. 
 Line traced tln\)ugli valley of Au-Lac, across to Missi- 
 giiasii Jjakes, and tiienco to River Tidnish, for a canal 
 of small de[>tli, say 4 feet, to be fed by fresh water. 
 
 Francis Hall, C.E. — Acting under instructions from Sir 
 Howisrd Douglas,Baronet,Lieut -Governor of New Bruns- 
 v/ick. Report dated October, 1825, onMinnitto's Survey. 
 Also on line from Shediac to bend of Petitcodiac. Also 
 oi> line from Shediac via Memramcook River to Dor- 
 chester, Also on line across the Isthmus fio'u Au-Lac 
 to Tidnish — which he recommends — the other lines being 
 impracticable, for want of water supply. 
 
 He proposes that canal should commence 3i miles up 
 the Au-Lac, and terminate at a point 2 miles up the 
 Tidnish ; and that it should bo fed by a fresh water 
 reservoir of 1 50 acres, to be formed in the valley of the 
 Missiguash for the canal supply. Canal to have its sum- 
 mit six feet above the highest spring tides of the Bay of 
 Fundy — to be 21 ^eet wide at bottom, 45 feet wide at 
 top, with 6 locks 105^ feet long x 20| feet wide, and 8 
 feet of water on the lock sills. The whole estimated to 
 cost £67,728 14s. lOd. sterling - $298,006 • 45. 
 
 
 ill 
 
 This estimate would be reduced, he says, to X45,152 
 10s. 4d. sterling = 8198,671 • 09 for a depth of 4.1 feet, 
 instead of 8 feet. 
 
 Thomas Telford, (VE — Report addressed to Sir Howard 
 Douglas, Baronet, Lieutonant-Governcr of Now Bruns- 
 wick, towards 1826, on Hall's Reports and Plans, which 
 were referred to him. He rvjconnnends canal to h<t b'.iiit 
 30 feet wide at bottom and 72 feet at water surfjiee in 
 deep cuttings; but 45 feet wide at bottom, and 95 feet 
 at top surface, elsewhere ; with locks of 150 x 40 feet, 
 
 and 13 feet water on the lock sills. The summit level of 
 
 < «. '■ . ■- . ■ 
 
 V* i- ......•.••••♦•••-- ■ 
 
 1: I 
 
 ''I 
 
up])cr roach to ba at same elevation as liij:(hest spring 
 tides of (^Hiinberland B^isin. I'resli water to be used 
 mainly for supply ; salt water to be nsed at spring tides, 
 if rerpiired, in case ol" ;i deHeieney. P^stimatcd cost, 
 £10o,IS9cS .">«. 5d. sterling = .Sb.^ -5,0-3 :i- 31). 
 
 IT. O. Crawley, Capb. RE. — Tle})orts on lOtli Jannarv 
 and IDLh March, I81.:J, to Sir William ?r[. G. Colebrook!-. 
 K.H., Szc, Lient.-Goveruor of New Brunswick, respecting 
 his survey, which was done at joint expL»nse of New 
 Brunswick, Canada, and Prince Kilward Island ; also tlie 
 schemes proposed by Hall and Telford, 
 
 He considers that a canal 45 feet wide at bottom, 8o 
 feel w'idti at top surface, vv^ith locks of 1.10 feet X 40 feet, 
 and feet of water on the sills, is sufliciont; but that it 
 i.s impracticable, on account of the deticiency of the fresh 
 water siip})ly ; and he objects to using the Bay of Fundy 
 tI;L'd water to supi)lement the deticiency. 
 
 (0,007). John Page, Chief Engineer Public Works. — 
 Keports lo Secretary of Public \V\)rks(, Canada, on 7th 
 May, 1801), u[)on the previous surveys After reviewing 
 the schemes ])roposed by Hall and Telford, he is ot 
 cipinioii that an abundant 8up})ly of fresh Avater can be 
 obtained by adopting a lower level than the one they 
 recommeiKl, or a.t an elevation of from 10 to 12 feet 
 below the level of the highest tides of Cumberland 
 Basin ; and that the Avaters ot the Bay of Fundy should 
 be ke[iL back by a lock at the western end ot the canal. 
 He recommends fnnher surveys and examinations. 
 
 4> 
 
 (-22,01)2). Report—G. F. Baillairge, Assistant Chief 
 Engineer (8th April, 1872), to J. Page, on projected 
 canal : recommends Au-Lac and Tidnish line for a Whole- 
 tide Canal ; water supply to be taken from Bay of 
 Fundy, by means of one or more rivers converted into 
 reservoirs. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 Length of Can;il— yhore to shove 18*84 
 
 Do. do. from IG feet at extreme low water, Bay 
 
 of Fundy, to 10 fett in bale Verte 21'43 
 
Number of Locks : — Four at Hiy of Funcly, two at 
 Bale Verto. 
 
 Locks of UppoL' Reach, caleulattHl for 18 foot water ou 
 mitre sill, in case of future deepening. 
 
 Size of Locks:— 270 X 40 feet. Navigable draft, lo 
 feet. 
 
 Westei'u entrance on Bay of Fundy, to bo at Au-Lae 
 Point, near mouth of that river. Eastern eutrance, Baio 
 Verte, to ":.e at Tidnish Head. 
 
 Canal ^'ommissioners (page !)()). — Keport, 24tli Feb- 
 ruary, 1871. Estimate, S'],2.')(),()n(). Mr. Keefer supposes 
 that canal may bo fed from the tide,- water of B;iie Vei'te, 
 which is iVom M]l to 22h feet lower than the Bay of 
 Fundy at high tide; and from 18^ to l.'Ji feet higlier at 
 low tide than the Bay of Fundy. This would involve 
 19^ feet in depth of adtliiional cutting throughout. 
 
 (22,527). J. Page (April 2 ', 1872). Cannot report 
 without further time on Mr. J^aillairge's project, 
 
 (22,573). IMessrs. Keefer & Gzowski (Alay 2, 1872). 
 Repoi-t on Baillairge's Report 22,6.92, recomnien led 
 certain modifications and reductions. 
 
 (28,(;53). Messrs. Keefer & (;}zowski (Feb. 18, 1873). 
 Tlecommend a Half-tide Canal via La Planche, Long 
 Lake, Tidnish and Weeks' Point. Cost estimated at 
 .'.55,:j 17,000. 1'his line not susccjH/i!>le ot extension here- 
 after for a Whole-tide (^anal. Lfsr.gth of Canal between 
 Entrance Locks, 20i- miles. 
 
 (29,889). a. F. Baillairgo (April! 2, 1873). Furnishes 
 estimate of cost of a Half-tide Canal on the Au-Liic and 
 Tidnish line, susceptible ot extension for a Whole-tide 
 Canal 
 
 One b.ised on Mr. Keefcr's pi'oiuct fo' 12 hours P'^/ioH^OOO 
 
 l)o. do. his own project for 16 hours o, 21,', 1*49 
 
 Also cost of a Whole-tide ( Jaual 8,.'")9J,t:49 
 
 !il 
 
 (38,501). G. F. Baillairge(Nov. 17, 1873). Keport to 
 Chief Engineer on Location Purvey. Rf^commends A.u- 
 Lac antl Tidnish line via Missiguash Valley ; also Rivers 
 Au-Lac and Missiguash as Reservoirs and Settlinji Ponds. 
 
8 
 
 Cubic yardi. 
 Canal Excavation, Half-tide, Bay of Fundy and 
 
 Fuli-tiiie, 15aie Verto. 14,G40,m4 
 Do. Three-quarter-tide " 14,yil,4y;S 
 
 Do. Full-tide " 15,50G,63U 
 
 - ,,_./■( 1 ( Between Entrance Locks 18.07 milts. 
 
 Length of Canal. I gjj^j.^ to;. j^Q^Q j,, 25 " 
 
 Western entrance — Bay of Fundy — to he at Au-Lac 
 Point near mouth of that river. 
 
 Eastern entrance — Baic Verte — to he at Tidnish Head. 
 
 (38,591). J. Page (Dec. 10, 1873).^ Report on Mr. 
 Keofer's project — also on Mr. Baillaii^c'.s — condemns the 
 former — approves the latter, — .submits estimate of cost 
 of a Canal on the Au-Lac and Tidnish line via Missiguash 
 Valley. 
 
 For a Half-tide Cnnal $7,700,000 
 
 Three- quartei -tide Canal 8,100.000 
 
 Full-tide Canal 8,500,< 0() 
 
 Synopsis of Reports. 
 
 Memramcook and Shedlvc Line. 
 
 A line was explored between Dorchester Island, on 
 the Bay of Fundy and Shediac Bay, f ( r a Canal through 
 the Valley of the Mennamcook, by Robert Minnitte, 
 P. L. S , in 1823 ; it was also surveyed and reported on by 
 Francis Hall, C. E., in l^ib, and by Capt. Crawley, R. E., 
 in 1843, — and linally by S Keefer, C. E., in the autumn of 
 1872. 
 
 i'lans and jirofiles of the 1st, ord and 4th Surveys ure 
 in the possession of the Government. 
 
 Length of line from shore to shore 2292 miles. 
 
 L>o. from end to end of entrance piers. . .25 '59 milea. 
 
 IG Locks required, and 28,200 lineal feet of pier work. 
 
 r^ 7 " 
 
 All the head-water available, accoixling to above 
 reports, is but a fractional portion of what is required 
 for the supply. 
 
 
 ii 
 
9 
 
 A thorough cut for a Tido-GaiAal would involv.i a 
 rut-ting 25 miloH lou;ir and 115 foot deep at summit. 
 
 MONCTON AND SUKDIyVC LtNK 
 
 This lint! Ic.ss favorabl'.- for a Oa-ial than the MfnniMni- 
 <<){)k lin<\ 
 
 Lenirtli of artiticial Tiaviufation, wen- it possihi.', is 
 about ;H()9 miles. 
 
 Nunil)(U' of Locks requiied -IJ). 
 
 The only source lor the supply ui' a (Janai hi'twcL-ii 
 Moncton and Shediac is i smill ])asiii among th(! Hills, 
 called irurn])lirey's Pond, about 500 acios inextont, with 
 vcrv limited di-ainao-e. 
 
 A thorough cut for a Tide-Canal \s'ould be i7 miles 
 long, from Moneton to Shedi-vc, and I':) feet deep a,t thi^ 
 summit. A dam v ouldalso lie required across the moutii 
 ofthe Potiteodip.', in ord >r to kiii the Bore and make 
 slaek-wa' viavigation up to Moncton, a distan-e of 17 
 miles oi • !e, through the most of whiel) a channel 
 W'luM have to be dredored. 
 
 !| 
 
 This line was also ex;unined b^' the above named 
 j)anies who explored the Menn-amcook line. 
 
 According to all the re|)jrts furnislied by those gentle- 
 men, ''the idea of constuK ting a navigable Canal,"eithei- 
 by the Memramcook or >[oncton lines, is not to be en- 
 tertained, and la not worthy of serious discussion. " 
 
 (Sn' pa-/f'.^ ^H and .!}). .V. Reefer f< Report 19/// Feb 
 
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