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1995

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MiCTOcofr »isoiuriON tisi CH/mr

(ANSI qnd ISO TEST CH*«T No 2|

_^ APPLIED irvHGE In,

K^ PachMter. Naur VorK M609 SA

■■^ ' ■■'6) *fl2 - 03O0 - Pt-or,.

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PROSPECTUS

Ti<« NATIONAL PORTLAND
CEMENT CO. I'M.d

IIOIIKI.I.KII rX I'OI.'Tr.ANI) CKMKVT

OKBMANIA

ThI I, ■'""''"'■""'■''""••"UK HllllTl.AVnCKMEMT

'I"H|{ NATION A r.

Portland Cemknt Co.

I"'"r|iuralf,l l,y l.,.,ler, i'.,tfnt u,.,lcr tin- Cval S.-.,l
"f lln- I'rovinci- iif Onuir o

(n-Mcr,ii OtVui's : Tukomo. Ont.
U'urks : l)i kii.xM, Ont,

CIaimiai. Siol - - - _ c, „„„ „

*•! ,000,000

In 10,000 Shares of" 5 100.00 each

\\ . h. ( u\\ MAM,

"•'""'"« °'""'" '■' I" l'""l.nJ IV™™, I,,.. J„ ,.„,„. ,

"iiriiKki Ml Kkchmk, Cx-Nr.lM'.,
".r, l„„|, l)„r|,,,„. 0,11,
I' W. SlANH.M I,,

M..l.m.l.o.,T,..,.„l,..Ont. '

^. K. Ma, I.ARKv, M.l.,, Slraircnl, On,

Pr..ij™, A p. ^'YL;;^;.,<^';^p;'i.ici,„..co.. Li„,i,.j,

BAkt-(tW Cl'MlIFkt.ANlJ.

Vi.e.Pr,,,J,-„l Ni,,„„r., N., lB;„i.,n C
l\>r..(iU). Ont,

HANKKKS:

The .Slandord is.n„k „f Cana.l.,, TMruril,,,

A U D IT O H :

J»s. 1'. Langliy, Charterd Accmntanl. Tirunu,,

SOMCITCKS-

Wake, Lash & Ca«l,, I'mkcr,.,, .V Co„k,.

Address nil ci.mriiunicalii.ns Ki
THE NATIONAL

PORTLAND CKMKNT CO., U,

Telephone — Ma

1 JoSo.

Cor. King and ^■

mis 4 ttn,t 5 Janes Huildine,

ongc Streets, Toromo, Om

ellit«rtt,i-.it..f.\i;ii, >i

II K iii.j.clM 111' The Nntiunal Ptirtlnnd Cement Co.,

Limited, MM .•x|ii.»»,i| l,y tlj>' bie.rs I'ntiMit, are (.>
iiiiiiiiiliirtiii-B, liiiy, "Oil iiiiil i.llii-rwisi' .1™! in I'lirtliind
(^■iiii'nt, til OHM. purcliiiMiv or liusa marl i>r dMiieiit iiinl fliiv
liiml. il('vel<i|iiii^> ami iji'iiiiii;; in cpmriit |ini|>(M'tii's, willi
llioir |ii<«IiiHm nml siidi ntliiT thiiit's r< iiiity hf uevmnnry

"!• I'oTlv.Tlil'lll til its liimilU'SS.

'I'liis I'oiik it |mlpli>.lii-<l t'cpi- till' |iiir|i08f of ln-inyiti;; 'I'lie

N'MtiHiia! I'di-tlaml (V iit C.i lid'ur.- tliu pecipii' iiiid iiilrr-

• stiii); tlii'iii in tlii^ eiitfr|iii>.'. It will tri'nt l.rlclly tin- siil.-
jiTt .if I'ortiiiml (;(;miMit, ilir i|iialitv iiiirl .|miiitit_v «if rnw
iMUtiiMiil-., iiml till- factory to l.c constriicti-.l. it will ako
tniii'li on niciclern adaptations in the um' of ci'nii'nt, illustmtini'
Iftti- devi'lopmi-nts, and sn;,'i;fstini,' in a plain, honest and
siMisilile manner tlm fntnre possibilities for the cement
Imsiness. 'rills Company oilers a woinlerful opportnnilv
for investment, one that will ec|uul or surpass in earning;
powers the ;;reat industries of the world, and one that will
lie safe, sure and permanent. A earefnl study of the whole
ipiesthm cannot result in anything hut favorahlc and
important ileductions, ami a ronclusion that the j^rentest |ios-
sihle henefit will he olitained hy investors in this enterprise.
The properties intended to he utilized hy The National
Portland Cement (^o. consist of about eijjht hundred acres
of marl and clay lands in the viciidty of Dnrhain, Ont, a };reat
deal of which is advantaijionsly located about two hundred
feet alrove the level of the factory site, which renders it
practicahh to transport the material by means of the com-
pressed air system, or otherwise, to the factory clieaply and

conveniently, and nni -onx analyses show the deposit to be

<if exceptional value and purity of quality, and fully eipuil
if not superior, to any known property in the world.

TIm- mill Mite nl hiirliiiiii Iihh n cfiilral locittinn us rv^unU
llif liiri,'i'8l tii)H'kft>. liiM llrtt'clu^s iHlii|i]riTi)_' t'lu'ilitii's. nixl
.^pet'itil a<lvtiittHpH t'nr Inniopntiutinii of the |>n»luii to nil
pitrls ot' till' rutintry liavi' aln-iujy I'ueii si'diml t'r'»ii tlu*
trAru|H>i'ti)tii>ii codiiiuiii'-,

Portland Cement

TIIK liiitiny of luitural or PK-k niiit-nHtlM |>n..luft "f an
iinpuri' liiiifHtoiu-, onin|)osi'<l of iiiui', riiM;(ii»'siH uihl rltiy
ill hiorc or li->*.s (it'tinitt' |n-opoitioii-^, hnintl in tin- imtivr
statf) i'\tfii«U l)a('k nearly tVmr tliouftun*! yours to iIk- tiin*' of
till! K^jyiitiftiiM.anil tlirou;;li tlu' Huccfi-.lini; a^ji-^ nmny Hnl.^tan
tin) strnctiirf>< wtTc mu-tfl tli.nfroin, Init it was not iinfil
iStf-t tliat t) man nmni-il
ApsdiiLuf Ket'ds, V(nk-
sliiru, Kni^land. niann-
facturtMJ liv mixing antl
truutiii^ iiiurl aii<l ctay
ill cvrtain definite pro-
portions a much
superior quality
of ceni»!nt strunj^ly tv-
senililiii^' ft stolifi liiucli
UHrd at tliut time in
liuiMin^, which vvus
ipiarriHij at Portluii'i
Bill, on tilt; CorniH)i
Coast. This li k;
callt-<l PoMland Ce-
ment and was tliu
orljcln of the name,
which Inis now ht'conic
inscparalilf from cnor-
jjetic artiticial liydriin-
lic cements. Tiuf iiuaJity of tlu; ci-nient ilept-nds greatly on
the tliorouj^h admixture of tiit two materials. The Portland
Cement manufacturer has it in his power to control the
5

• Mir I- a )ieinlM>)><-H<'«l

Aith ft tl)im-f<HitoiH!n-

,tifl -iinniiiiii; in Itic rlcur Ifi fi-el

'hi' iiiMHt remiii'kitlile In-iuice

Iii-t<ir> hIiiiuIiih Iht^ ttri'at

m)ti1ii V. and ixTniiiiii'Dri) in ['enifrit

V)n--tni<-tli)ns. U lii- bitttled ttie dr-

eli'iiieiit-) of limi- tor nlrietfen poii-

and -liowf hut a -iiiKle <Ta<'k to-dit}-

proportion, of the materials which he uses md renders it
possible for him to malce hi, product., uniform. Careful
attention to proportions and mixing and care in the matter of

l.ttle to be desired. Tlie chemical combination and method
p '7'";,f''^""'« have been continually perfected, until to-day
Portland Cement is regarded throughout the world as the
best known building material, and one of the necessities in all
modern construction.

W, K. Wanl'ti houm?. Port OheNlttr v v ti... a^ , ,
perfect <;ondmoiito.,l,,r. coiHrm-tlon. Thi« buildlnB Is In

North American Superior Product

THE indu.,try i„ North America is practically new Only
a few year,, ago all cement of this nature was imported
from England and Germany. Gradually English
mukers lost control and the German product became the

standard, but to-day the Portland Cement manufactured in
America outclasses the foreign product ly fully 20 per cent
Tliis is extremely gratifying to know, when the amount of
technical skill required in making a high grade article is
taken into consideration.

The reason as given by our eminent chemists and
engineers for the superiority of American Portland Cement
lies not only in our superior raw material, but also in our
modern improved method of manufacture. Natural or rock
cements are lighter and weaker than Portland Cements
because the natural conditions will not allow a proper mixture
of the ingredients

A Portland Cbmknt Silo.

The High Quality of our Marl and Clay

THE quality and quantity of the materials in our property
at Durham have been thoroughly examined and tested
(hundreds of borings and analyses having been made)
by the most eminent chemists in the country, especially fitted
for this work ; engineers have examined the splendid water
powers, and the Company's expert has carefully exannned
everything in detail, and all report it to be a deposit of superior
qiality and perfectly a<lapted as to location for the business
to ijB conducted successfully and profitably.

Chemists' Report --'

... {-ODFRBY Dean, \ ,,. „, .
V. S. PoTTKR, '

Chemical Laboratory of the Peniniular Portland Cement
Company, Jackwn, lAichigan

Jackson. Mich., March 30th, 1901

National Portland Cement Company, Limited,

Toronto, Ont.
Gentlemen :

A thorough inspection o( tlie property owned by The N^ttlonal
Portland Cement Co. haM been maite, and over one hundred samples of
marl have been taken at regular Intsrvals at different depthe which
have been subjected to ohemloal and physical examination at this
laboratory, and I herewith nialce my finai ri-port on the same.

1. The marl was found to be covered witli water 80 Nhaliow that
It can be dredsad without any dIfflouU;

2. There is but very little organic sediment overiyioR the mari ho
that it would be unnecessary to do any atrlpplng before liredging
for use at the factory.

3. The mar] is found in a very finely divided oondltlon, which
is an admirable feature, since It will require but little grinding pre-
liminary to caicliiation and therefore cheapen ooat of manufacture.

4. The marl la of the finest quality, no better material having
been analyzed at tlie lalMmtory. The cliemicai nnalyals which I Include
In this report shows it to lie of exceptional purity, being very high In
carbonate of lime and low in magnesia, sulphuric anhydride, and contains
no aand whatever.

."j. Thi?t niari -.vhcn mixed with the proper amount of c1m> will, on
calcination, prodoca theflnoat Brads of Portland Cement.

The avenge percentage campaeltlon of the marl !■ ae follows :■

Sand

Sllloa(SI 02)

Alumina I AI-2 03)

Iron Oilde (Fe2 03)

Carbonate of LUne (Ca Cai) og ug

Magnesia (MgO) ,54

Siilphurin Anhydride (S 03)

Xone
0.4U

0.70

Trace

99.08

Clay la a decomposed orthoclase feldspar, consisting chiefly of silica
and alumina, with smaller proportions of the oxides of Iron, lime and
magnesia. For the manufacture ot PortiamI Cement, these proportion.
must l« within certain definite limits, and the silica must be In a state ot
chemical combination, or what Is known as '• soluble silicate "and not In
the form of free sand. Careful and exhaustive analyses of the clays
submitted show tliat they include all of these very desirable nivilitki,
while free sand is entirely absent.

I have also nia<le the necessary computations to determine the
proportions In which your marl and clay will need to be mixed In order to
make cenaent, which, In its flnal completion, will be equal to that of the
best Portland Cement now made. The composition of your cement Is
given n the table following, and lor purpose of comparison, the chemical
analysis of a sample of each of Ave leading Portland Cements Is here
shown : -

National

Atlsa
American

Baylor's
American

Lafcar
LorliiB

Gernianta

American
Sanduaky

Silica

Alunnna and
Iron Oxide.
Lime . . .

23.2

11.1
636
12

21.06

10.06
00. B2
3 43

22.88
9.06

62 :«
3 41

2:1.53

9.87

61.98

1.42

2:1.08

10. ao

6:1.72
1.32

23 08
9 06

Magnesia

02.38
1.21

« Ith this report I send yon a sample of cement and a " briquette"
ot same, made in my lalioratory, from your marl and clay and by the alwve
formula. " Pats " and " briquettes " from this cement, wlien subjected to
boiling water tor several hours do not shrink or craeii, but set quickly an,l
harden slow ly ,

I therefore conclude that your marls and clay*
poseess all the essential sood qualities, and none of
the poor ones, for the manufacture of the highest
Srade of Portland Cement

Yours very truly,

.lOHN GODFREY np.AX,

Chemiet.

Numerous other analyses Imve also been nm.le hy
eminent chemists, including' J. Walter Wells. B. Sc. Assayer
and Chemist in charge at the Provincial Assay Office,
Belleville, Ontario, under the direction of the Ontario Bureau
of iMines, all of which aliow the deposit to he of exceptional
value and purity in (juality and specially fitted for the
production of a hij^h ijrade Portland Cement.

SclionalvlL-worwHll Idillt out of hcJlow Portland ('eiiit'iil BlorkB Hhowiiitr
tilrchamborxin wall. methtHi of iiM«rlinK wooden joigta or Hteel I-l^mH fo? Mnor
supports methcfd of Hrt^prooflnK with cement inibJ.l hKexSe.' KlKeen
beams and servinjr tor floors above and .ieUitiifs below, o? imSinV K w.^en
strips ou which, if desired, to famon wooden floorn and cei bT w wden

TheHt. Jaiiie« *Jhuroh cov-
ers an area of over ll.iMH) sqriaro
feet, and bus four Kftblea HI) feet
hiRh and a tower 8(1 feet hinli.
It i« built accordiOB to llie lltin-
Home iiimolithic system entirely
of Port nd Cement concrete im-
beddiUKCold twisted steel rods.
n bai-an exterior appearance of
loik faced massive (franite : and
from tht.'ftandiM)inl of durability
and btMiuty it if* juiniitted to be
much HUperior to a church that
f'tandM near by constnict«d of
natural stone at three times the
00«t.— From "Cement."

DurtuH.Manh 27tli,10OI.
To u« p«opU of ontjrio ud thoat Ao may bogoao Intorootoil In

Tfi« Bolloml Porll.nil coiunt co»Unr LlmltM.
GtnUOBon:-
thoro I. lor«.J°*!ii';; '.' "*■ i"" '•" *"">" '» o"l»«n. of our ton that

foot doop, oM la or aufflclont oSinfrr?!. ." • "■"•""« '■•001 loontj to alKtr
daj .111 fo.- ooiJuJlo! <li»ntltloa to opop.lo a thouaand barr.1 ,.,. '

.11, "■""t'«.^r;ri'".Jii!it'j;j„r::i„.'\' ";„is'L"" j- "•■> ««.pti«.-

or tha factorr !lta. .hlch Jill ™JSf- .? '"hundrod foot abovo tha loTtl

ra. ■.t.rlalo. w.t.r po..,-! .inlKj "iL""?,? ">»'■'"«>■ o^ln.tlon of our
• top. .or. l™dl..oirt«Ii *loh Jilii^iS',, f;*' "";"■>« ">olr raporta
poTiJr no. knom .. Ih. K.tliS.rpSrtUM cILif J- organlaatlon of tBo Co.-
■00 or our lo.r, ...i.t.a in So ormSrJ.SjSrlr ?:'"?'' '•'»»•''• n-o laMlr*

:!:::p?fon°"frS'iL'»;r,:;;;H E Trf~°'-^ '""""''^^

in mj ««7 poaslbl. to thoroughly ln«rtl«f.'5f..P''*F*''Jyi ""* •■•I*' "»•■
of oup ol«liB. ougnAj invoatlgat* our uiiPialB, und th« troth

Youp« Ttpj truly.

Uoe of the U'titer Powers to bv utilized by The Nalioiial Portland Cement
Company. Limited.

Power

NEXT i>i iMiporUiice to the supply „f raw inateriarco.ne.
the .|uestioii of power. I„ ,»auy <■»«■» the abun.Iance
ol cheap power has l«eii th« main factor in the
imild.ng up of large niamifacturiiig centres, the saving in coat
of p<,wer alone enahling manufacturers favorably located to
survive competition which has proved ruinous to others It is
generally conceded by engineers that a k<xkJ water power is at
ouce the .nost reliable, the simplest and the cheapest of all
onns ot motive power. The power is always ready for use
the nmchmery is simple and requires little care, and the cost
after the hrst installation, is almost nothing. The saving
over steam power for a plant of 1,000 barrels cap«:ity should
be not less than »2.i,000.00 annually.

• , i'^^^''}""^ arrangement for large plants is the generation
of electricity by water power and the distribution of this
electricity to motors located at convenient points for driving
iuachmes. This does awny with the use of long and expenl
sive shafts, and effects an additionalsaving of from 13 to 25 per
cent, m the power transmitted. It, moreover, makes possible
a much more convenient arrangement of machinery, since the
power can be easily and safely led by wires to any point.

The National Portland Cement Company, Limited, have
exclusive control of some of the best water powers in Canada
which, when properly developed, will yield many times the
power required The flow of the Rocky Saugeen liiver, which
will furnish the power, is remarkably uniform, bein<. free
f'om .seasons of high and low water, thus insuring an
unfailing power throughout the year.

With such advantages in the way of raw material and of
power. T,,e National Portland Cement Company, Limited
hould be able to pro.luce a best quality cement at a manufac-
turing cost considerably less than it can be produced elsewhere

The Factory

IT IS the purpose of The Nationar Portland Cement
Company to construct works at Durham wliicli will he
the finest i)roduct of the best mechanical an.I en.Hneerin.r
skill obtainable. Ths power generated is to be eleetrioilh"
distributed throughout the plant, wliich itself will be modern

Ill fvery detail; the buil.litiKH will Im m.Klels of coiiv«ni..nce
•nil e.iuipp«,l with the Iwst unci stronRegt typ.H of machinery

specially di'siR I f„i- this plant Un.l,,.r these circuniHtaiices,

a most wouoinical nn.l perfect Krimlinj,', inlxinK »i"l clink.r
burning prooeas is in.ured, ami hence the be»t prcHluct
ol.tainal.le. The Notional P..rtlan,l Cement Company fully
realize the mRj-nitude of the undertaking an.l appreciate the
expensive danger, of piiM»il,le misguided judKiueiit, founded
upon lack of experience and knowledge, in ecmnection with
the coiiBtruction and equipment of cement plnntR

The Oiricial Report of The Buraau ol MInea for the
Province of Ontario »tate» th.it our manufacturers of
cement have ac(|uired their experience slowly and
dearly; that of the factories now in existence, lar^e
amounts of money have been spent in processes and e(|uip-
ment which prove.l useless and costly experiments; that
one factory spent five years of time and much money,
aided by chemists and experts, before it was sotisHed to
start its works ; and that another spent many thousands
of dollars, a visit to some of the best Portland Cement
Factories in Europe— where they were admitted as a special
favor— and the services of two experts in the construction
of a suitable plant before they could produce a commercial
article. It i- also weU known that millions of dollars have
been spent in Oermany and the United States in learning an<l
experimenting in the economical manufacture of a high
grade Portland Cement; therefore The National Portland
Cement Company believe they are especially fortunate in
having associated with them a staff of the most practical and
competent cement engineers in the country, who have designed
and superintended the construction of many of the principal
and best divijeml-paying cement mills in North America and
who are recognized as leadens in cement manufacture; their
last an.l crowning effort being the magnificent plant of the
Peninsular Company at Oment City, Michigan, which is
acknowleilged by experts to be the most' modern and
best equipped Portland Cement plant in the world.

I*. Utl.!.! F.I1.K C,«„ c. i,.„- '"•**•• *'* "*"• "">•

Vtnr trulj row*,

/M0

Th« aboT.i .III Kliim^ HiiiiriixliiiMt
I'nHliiDtluii of I'ui-lliitiil (

Hly llir loUkl I'oiixiuiititiiiii. iiiiiHin^ iiiiil I
nt In ('Hniulkoiu'li yi'iir for li'ti >t'arK.

Demand and G}nsumption of Portla'nd Cement

I HE supply of cement in Canada iloes nut, by any iiiean.^,
I approach the deinanil, much less the increasing de-
I niand, and as the industry is steadily winning its way
forward in Canada as in other countries, there is yet con-
siderable room for expansion in the imlustry at home, and its
future in this country seems very promising indeed. Tlie
imports of l'ortian<l Cement in 1 900 were ahout 400,000 liarrels,
tlie domestic prwluction 300,000 barrels, and the total consump-
tion over 700,000 barrels. Germany, with i 'any years of
experience in the manifold u-ses of Portlam! Cement (with
only I 17th the area of Canada, ><nd less area than even the
Province of Dntario), hns over 80 Portland (■ement FaMories,
18

which produce alnut twenty million IwneU annunlly The
exporta arM about three million liarrcla, laavint; Heventreii
tiiillion barrels aa the quantity conauiiied in. (lermnny per
annum. The conKUiriptim of Portland Caiii"nt in (liTnuiny
i> therefore nearly twenty-two :ime* that of tl'i> entire
Dominion of ('iinmlH. In view of the far ){reati>r extent of
territory ami the magnituilo nf lmildiii)( and engineering
o|)erntionH to he carried on in thin growing eountry, there ix
gmxi ri'awm to lielieve tlint the cnnHiitiiptiiin of Portland
Cement in Canaila will eventuidly farexceeil that in Oermnny ;
for it will be rei'ilily seen that the Dominion of (7anaila
emhrueeii tlirongliout a largt! [K)rtion of its territory every
facility of aoil and climate culculateil to maintain an immense
population ; it has a wealth of minerals, a fine ngricultural
country, and profitable fisheries, and with its a<lmirable syMtem
of internal transportation and the industrious, temperate
charact«*r of its people, and its solid and constant stream of
inmigration, the steady proirrcss in sncia' and commercial
prosperity exhibited to-day is sure to increase with years,
and hence this is indeed a land of promlsa and on* of
progrtaflon.

It is a noticeable fact that the consumption of Port '
land Cement in all countries of the earth is increasing
rapidly. In the United States it ha^ grown from aliout
2,000,000 barrels to over 12,000,000 barrels p^. year in
the post ten years, anil the present rate of increase is
now about 2,000,000 barrels per year, and the industry is still
authentically stated to Ix- in its infancy in that country.

The total consumption of Portland Cement in Canacla in
1900 exceedeil that in 1N99 by about 130,000 barrels. During
the latter part of the year a veritable cement famine pr>;vaileil,
and many important engineering works were delayed or
su.spen<led for lack of cement ; in conse(|Uence, the actual
amount consumed was considerably less than that requireil
by the country. The same condition appears to have existed
throughout the world, and is due to the multitude of new
-applicitions which Portland Cement is eon.stantly finding
III

anc] its rapidly increaain}; use in tlie place of brick aiul stone
in construction of all kinds. A striking evidence of tlie
growing demand in this country is afforded by a comparison
of the consumption of cement in IHIIO and that of 1000. In
the former year the amount was about 200,000 barrels, and
in the la„U'r it was nearly 800,000 liarrels (not includin;; that
used b}- I, e Bominion (Jovernnient), being an Increase of
about 400 per cent, in the past ten years. This is a rate
2U

that perhaps has not been equalled by any other article used
In this country, and as we are just now awakening to its
manifold uses and superior qualities as a building material
over all others, and its cheapness for construction, it is hut
reasonoble to predict a much greater per cent, of increase of
consumption for the future. It is absolutely certain tliat fin-
many years yet to come the demand for Portland Cement
will continue to grow as experience proves the utility anil
permanency of conci ite construction.

H-W"

—'fm

ff??>^^^BI

ifi

^H^^^^^^^^^^^^H

CkMKXT BKinOK OVKK TUB KaNI'AS IllVKU AT Toi-KKA,

The Topcka bridge Ih the larKeat cement (^oncreto bridge in the world. It hiix
Ave spanti, Ibe cenlre si.aii alone hiiving a clear leiiglh ori25fe«t. For the piirpOBc
or saving the wing-Wiill fooiidntioris the roiiatruetlon provides at the ends canti-
lever "ingwulls made of monolithic concrete. Thin bridge la of the Meliui Arch
eoiistniction.

The followinjj instances of actual construction, and
articles from recent newspapers, are evidences of the
increasing use of Portland ('ement: —

Southern California, Cincinnati. Ohio. Pasadena. Osl.. Oak Park III
The.8 hou.e« are built iiul of Portland Cement Imbedding expanded metal.

■

RoiiK Tii.n i\D Eaves-Tboi-oti ok Ckment.

FROM THK i

Apbh, 1900

Cement Dwellings

Any obHerver of tmiKliriK operations in t)ii8 city must Imvf bt-en
struck by Portland Cenmiit Bidewtilkw. This material In now bt'ln^ UBed
for many purposeH. It is rapidly displacing stone, hriclt, wtmd and tt-rra
cott^ for dry-docks, fortifirations, locks iind dams, sowers, tunnel,-*, kcrh
walks, fireproof doors and cvtm factory cliinmeys The piL-rs carryiuK
two of the elevatcil railwiiyn of Chicago are constructed entirely of concrete.
The IlUaois Central Itailroail uses concrete for its hridKcs, piers, abut-
ments, retaining wails, culverts and other it. provenients where stone and
brick were fonnerh' "sed. The extension of its use to the construction of
dwelling houses i- ut a step. At the present time Detroit parties are
Ketting ready to build cement residencen on the Cass Farm. The cost of
these houses will be from ao to i5 per cent, less than houses of stone or
brick and they have the advantage of Iteing more tire-proof than either of
these materials. For Instance, a brick and stone house costing 3H,000 can
be built of the material for »6.()00. The cement building can also show
architectural effects in ancient and modern Htyles at nmch less cost than
stone carved by hand. The enaction of these houses on the Cass farm will
be an event in the history of Detroit buildings and will lie regarded with
great interest.

Cement and Cngineerind Peroo

PDBLISHBD HONTHLV

Portland Cement

T!ie manufacture of Portland Cement Is well eHtahlished in the
United States. The American product is iu every respect equal to tlie
European brands In strength, fineness and duraliility and with a demand
far in excess of the output. The American system of manufacture yiel<ls
a more uniform output, that is to say, a greater per cent, of the raw
materials can be converted into a high grade dnisiied cement than that
made under the European process. European experts are, and have been,
coming to America to study the rotjiry system of manufacture. The best
manufacturers of cement-working machinery now employ American engin-
cera to draw plans for Portland Cement works to be erected in Euro[)e.

The use of Portland cement is rapidly displacing stone, brick, wood
».id terra c«feta for dry docks, fortiSeatluns and gun emplacements, locks

Peavky GRArN ELKVATOR, Dri.UTH, MiNS

Md dims, >e«era, tanneU, c.iUert», toun.latlons for om,„ hnlldliim.
breakwater., kwb walk™, retalni„K w«ll» for wharvm, i-oncrete plli„g
hrldw-, over rlver« and public highway.. Md.w.lk, kHrl, an.l gutter coi,:
.traction, barn Boors, Br-proof fl,»,n., roof »hii,|de. and tllc« ; factory
chimney, .r. being con.tructed entirely of coomte, some over l.-W) f..,-!
high Pipe, for w»t«r service In cltlc, mill ra.e. und water-wheel hon.
lug tre*ch.rou« earth cut. along the line of railways are being coven.l
with coDcn.t... Heservolr. for city water .upplles, fodder silos, grain
elevators 18) feet hl«h and a) feet in diameter are In u,e in Europe and

n"", 1 "^f' ^■™"'""' ■""""■''■ '"f*''^^ >"» '•™""r '"on erected at
IJulutb. Minneiota. Concrete engine beds have almo.t entirely displace.1
stone and brick. The pier, carrying two of the elevated railways i„
Chicago are constracled entirely of concrete, while the New York and
London underground rallwajs will consume many millions of harrel.
foundation, for street pavement, are coming In very eitenslve n>e Con.
?";;■ r'7"* "° '^'"^ "mftruoled In many cltlc. In Europe and the
I nited State., Irrigating flume, and canals u.e large qunntitle, of Port
land Cement and tlie proposed Nicaragua Canal will consume main
million, of barrel.. The Illluoi. Central Hallway, extending from Sioux
City, Iowa, to New Orleans, l,a.. u.es concrete tor Its bridges, jiiers, abut,
lents, reUinlng walls, culverts and other Improvement, where stone and
linck have heretofore been used, and thl. example Is Iwlng followed bv
many other railways.

The railways of India, Ceylon and Egypt erect their .latlon. and
approaches to the same out of concrete. In Germany 40 per cent, of the
burnt clay roofing tile has been substituted by concrete tile durlnir the past
ten years. Concrete railway ties are coming Into use In Europe and
Oriental countries, and are being trle<l in tho United State.. Concrete
blocks moulded in imilatlon of terracotta are extensively usid for external
walls of dwelling, and businewi houw.,

Arttatlctile are extensively used throughout Europe The Boors
and waiuBcoting of the parliamentary buildings at Berlin tJermany are
decorated with concrete tile as well a. the private lesidence of the
Emperor, and public libraries and other private and public liulldlngs mak
Ing pretention, to artistic effect*.

Many of the liest bridges of Europe are constructed of concrete anil
steel of the Monfer system, while sevcial hundred thousand barrels of
cement are used In single fortlHcatlons In Germany and France Twenly
million dollars worth of underground concrete work was under contract in
England alone In 11)00. Concrete railway fence posts are extcnsively
nmnufactured In the L'nlted States snd Europe.

(icrmany manufactures about 20,0II0,(KK1 Iwrrels of Portland ( emeiil
and consumes almut 17,000,000 liarreLs. England is imporlingcement fioni
Belgium and Germany, and prin- 1* have incrca.sed in Europe, notwith.tand
ing numerous large mills have lieeo erected durlriK the past few years.
The demand has always Ijeen In excess of ihe supply. The trouble the
past few years has been, with railroad engineers and contniclors and the
building trades in general, "Win rr shall we obtain the ciiiicnt we re-
quire !" We are importing every lurrel we can buy from Kunipe and
still the supply is short.

A Great and Staple Industry

THERE aro no elements of speculation entering into the
manufacture of thiH article. It has been demonstrated
by repeated tests and comparisons that the highest
grade of Portland Cement known to the scientiHc world
is proouced from North American marl
and clay. Our natural deposit
at Durham is absolutely ^
determined, both in
quality and ex-
tent. Sound-
ings and analy-
ses have told
the story un-
mistakably.
We not only
know that we
have a mine,
but we know
precisely what
is In the mine.
Unlike a forest,
our manufac-
tured material
cannot burn up
or blow down.
Unlike a mine, I
we are obliged
neither to pump nor
prop. Water is no ob-
stftc!*.'. Thure is no pros-
pecting to be done, no
chances to be taken. In
our marl beds there are
known to be many millions
of barrels of unmanufac-
tured cement ; there is therefore an

The wall)) of the Fonce de Leon are built,
of concrt'teniade from FortlaiKlCetnentHiid
Couuina eaiui. Thi* hotel is probabW mon^ .
widely known than any other in Flon la.

T^ie Green Hotel is n niftgniHcent «tmc.
lure in Southern Califoritia. ItA waHr are
ccmeot concreteimbuddlngexpbndedmetaL
It Is thoruughly fire-proof throughout.

unlimited supply of

the vary b«st raw material. Our locution is ideal. We
ore a.wured of the most improveil machinery opernted by
engineers and workmen of lung experience in cement monu-
foctui'e, and evsrythinf; necessary to make the highest grade
of Portlond Ce-
ment at a mini-
mum cost, anil
as this article is
the best known
building mate-
rial, and manu-
factured at less
cost than any of
its competitors
(brick, wood,
stone, terro-
cotta, etc.), the
market is un-
limited, the profits large and certain, and hence the industry
staple

Communication

RAIVSOMB HRLF'Hl'BTAmiNG CEHKNT KlOOR.

TbiM cut illuHtrfttrH Iho method of coitntnictlna HClf-
RUBtHfnliiK factory floorH wltli larfte i'DAOm capaulc of
bcarlug h'javy loadfl. The ftiriix Factory Kloora were
conHtruclcd In thlH manner. Cold-t winted Htiiel nMn arc
enihi-ddc<l near thu lower Kiirfacc of tho panelu whore
they can tievt contribute to the tensile ttrength of the
combination.

Toronto, April lith,190l.
Th* National Portland Cenent Co. limited,

Toronto, Ont.
Gentlemen, -

Tn anawor to your ontjulry I might aav, that after an
oxoarionce of some twenty years 1 aa alronper of the opinion than
evar that no building of any importance, where either stability
or atreneth is raouirad should' ba areoted without uaing Portland
Cement as the plastic element in its construction, I have uaod
it ajtonslvely in connection with concrete foundations and tne
buildintc of walls of buildings, and all cases where I have oiamin-
ed for results it has Justified its use to mo by the great bona-
fits shown by giving IBc work a more perranent and iasting lire.

I might mention that ! havS used in the, last. few years
about 40,000 barrels of Portland Cement in connection with my im-
portant buildings in this city, so you will sea the confidence 1
have in using first-cltss Portland Cement. . I am firmly of the
opinion that there Is a growing demand for its use.

Yours respectfuljjf.

ciiuujr.

J
J

1 :■.:,■■■'■

1 : r ; '■'■'■'.

•^

(•''■;;■

iillJili

Profits

CAKEb'UL iiiveHtiyatioii of Uie ('ortliuiil CeiiR-nt iiiiluntry
in all countries provtf. conclusively tlmt it has lie..ii
universally a profitahle and staple husiness, Tlie
spleniliil ilividends made l.y even some of the present crude
and [>oorly ei|uipped ujills in this country are too well known
to require publication here. Germany, u cement exportin};
country, witli most of its product still manufactured under
the old crude and extravagant system, lalmrins also under the
disadvantages of sharp competition in prices, heavy export
shipping rates, coupled with the payment of immense duties
and tariffs in order to sell her cement in foreign markets, all
of which tend materially to decrease the mrning power, has
always made handsome ilividends on her cement properties,
as is shown l.y the table on page 2S, taken from the auth.ntie
report of the Thonindustrie Zeitung of Berlin, Germany,
relative to the dividends paid in 1H1I« and I8<JU and the mar-
ket price of stock of some of the German Portland (Vment
plar M on August 27th and 2Sth, 1900,

The United States has also universally gocsl paying
cement mills, as will be seen by tlie following articles froin
the Press of that country.

American Cement

It Is generall, conceded th«t securltleM based on the PortLnd Ceni, nt
IndnKtry have a very proinlsinK future In view of tl,c broadening field for
operation of the companies. .Stock of the American cement companies it
seem, to many, 1h a very attractive purchase around current quotatlon-
But very l.ttle of this Issue, howev.T, co.nes on the n.arket, due to llic f„ct
lUOO "'^ '"'■' ""^ ''"'^''""<-- Stockholder, I'hiladelphia, I'n., Feb.,

Sale ot Big Cement Plant

The blKgesI cement deiil In the hl.-tory of this Industry w.»c(,...Hn,„.
mated to-day In the .sale of the plant and pro|,crty of the Copl.v femeht
Company. The concern will shortly pass Into the hands of the n,.i»
ownci-s, who are I'hiladelphia and London cn|,italisl.,. The syndicate
purchased all the stock of the fonipaay. The par value „f tl,.. ialLT is
»..0 a share, and on this the Company has for some v.-ars l*en,Myi„Kan
animal divided of Sipor oei.t.- I'hiiadeiphia |l'a.) limji. May, 1900.

A Gr«d Buiinen

Th» (In- III th« iilnnl of iha <ili'a Fiill« Piinlniid (Vmi'iit Campcny on
Hundaji rauwd a lou iif f:lUMIilO iiid llirew nuOiiien nut of inipln}ni<nt.
Thr G\vn FaltN Cemeiit Ciilupaiiy w m or((HniX(>d in IHUI, and Incorpiirated
nnder tli< lnwii of llii< SUlii at New York. Th« ComiNiny hnx t»t>n doing
It vrry proHUblt' inialniH, and lixl wrelc ll« Ktaik nold at II7U for tlUl
■hura. DfCAtur Kvtning Jtmrnat, April, IIHNI.

Large Earning!

The Kr««i* liuiiiii-NB of the Ararrlcaii (Vmi-ril Cumptuiy of IMiUiiilcljihIa,
for the four monthit endlnK March 'M, ahown an Ini-reaae of IH por wnt.
over the correapundlnR iwrloil of liiat year. The buliinw sheet ahowed a
aurplaa of i|ulck lusc'tii over current llaldllllea of »i4a.(J00.-C«m«i< and
Engineering Newn, May, UNO,

It will be uiiiierstood that the above mcntioneil American
plants wore working umler seriims disadvantage.s which
will not be encountered by The National Portland Cement
Company, Limited, as we liave no limestone rock to
blast, mine, transport, grind, etc., all of which is an expensive
proce.ss. On tlie other hand, our raw material is lound in its
native resting-place in a condition ready to deliver directly to
the mill for immediate mixing and burning, without any
expense of preparation whatever, and when it is understood
that the plant of The National Portland Cement Company,
Limited, will be equipped with the very latest improved
machinery, instead of the old crude and expensive system of
manufacturing, and that the material will pass througii the
entire process of manufacture without the aid of human
hands, it must certainly appear even to the most criticizing and
conservative business man that the cost of manufacture will
')e greatly reduced, and that the profits and earnings of The
National Portland Cement Company. Limited, should at least
e.|Ual the earnings ot the mills referred to.

Taking into consideration and estimating simply the
amount actually saved by our splendid system of munufac-
turing, together with the amount saved in preparing for
mixing and burning, by reason of the natural condition of
our raw material, we find it impossible to figure the profits
even as low as the highest indicated by any of the factories
above mentioned.

From the foregoing, and from the mo.t coBwrv.tive
e,timat«, we .ro e.,title,l to ti.e conclunion that the e«rnin«
of the Nafunnl Portlu,,,! Cement (Company, I,in.it«.l,.l,o,:ld he
far In .xctM of that of any othar mill In axlitanca to^ay.

With .«,r ln.le»triuail.l. natural rev.i.rces, perfect eco-
nonncal p„we™, plant „f th. very Ust po«,ible mechanical
e<nnpnient, ready n.ean. of transportation, competent man-
aRement, ideal l.x-ation, a -tapio articl. a.,.1 an ever-growin,,
'.nsupp!,..d market, Th,. National Portland Cement Company
iH connnan.linft the att-i tion of the thoughtful, conaerv.tiv,
huainess man and investor.

wh"rL ,h.Tb.!„ot T/"'"* '?•"'" •" '•'•"•' '""aatad, not on.
than In oonnaotlon wl.h th. produet.on of P.r.lTnTo!rm.nt

The people of Durhan. have furnished a free mill aite
have inaured the (Jon.pany ax.mption fron. taxation (except
school tax) for a period of ten years, an,! have sul«cril«d

ZZT: 'f *'""■"**" "'■ "'" ^'■»'"''' »'«'' ■-' "'o <''"»P'"'y-
8250,000 of the capital ,t<K.k has been taken by the Directors

a-,d others interested in the C.mipany, an.l considerable other
amounts have been subscriUd for throughout the Province of
Ontano. The balance of the stock is now oflere.l for sub-
scription in the various cement consuming centres of tlie
Dominion of (Janada, so that the t;ompany may be properly
represented for business purposes in the territory in which it
» desired to establish a permanent market.

The Management of the Company will be under the
control ot men well-known in Hnancial and business circles
whose connection with the enterprise establishes its position
and assures its success.

Mr. James P. Ungley, Chartered Accountant, Toronto
Ontario has undertaken the audit of the Company's affairs,
ami will certify to the correctness of all accounts.

The Officers and Directors are elected annually by the
stockholders of the Company, thus ensurinL' safe and'enn-
servative management in the administration of its affair.s.

APPENDIX

^T^IIK iviriniiiin;; |mj;,.H of tliis l»)ok will 1« .invotwl t<i
1 illustmtiii^' il.'vi'l..pii,cnts ami iii<).|.-rn iiiiiiptiitiiiii in
til.. II8H of Portlan.l C.i.ieiit, taken from |,liotoj.'rapli.s of
nctuul cement iMiihlinj; ami Htriictunil work -wliioli ilJiiM-
tiatf not only what is to Iw, l,ut what is actiinlly now in
existence. Kxtracts from the IVeas will also 1« contai.u'd
herein, together with the opinions of ..ininent architects,
eiifjineers ami builders relative to the ini.rits of concrete
coi struction anil its present anil fntnre use.

Mr.^lii.. Ilrriwlrk.nni-riulvk. \>|.ii»al|,\ lliii...il, , i.mii.li.Biil aiilil
Urlof 71 IIioikIwv. N ^.. -.iy« - "I'mirnl roiiiri'li not ■■nil <iul».iir»
oondntonc, I.UI •■|ti>l> riiiirhlPMriiranlK In ll>i ■liir>l i> nnil »MI !■« iiii.'<l
iiiiirli nirira liii')i<'l\ In fiiiiirr. ii- It l>. hi uihllrlun !■ il. ihinihllilr, ilii<
tli««'i»«l known n^iiliTlnl. If n'K.'^l \,y inarlilnrry Ihp walk „r s '■ulldlnii
cannahulll f^.r llli'»nt» l,.„ |hr luM.' I'lil lh«n onliiuin hriili w.ik."

Mil- muaruni i.r Sl.inf^^nl I iiImt«II,\ . I'lilifiirnln, will W Hip inii-l

lmp.^rliint vdlllr i ilie yronnd 11 will U. :«ill frai l.,nK. tlirf^' «l.^rl.>

hlKli. /ind llipvnHremrii.'tuiv. wallH. Moor', iind pimf. I. to lir.^l I'orlliinil
iVnipnt (■■>nrr«i» iind t«MiMl lp.,n

Ckmkm' RK'^mirm km.
■il.i-lltlil, X..I.. ,s|„c,!i^ Kldri.l. \.V.. mill IMroil. Mli

" I'nrtlaiKl (Vmenl, one of tli» grritleal I'onKtrurtive materials em
plami at the ilisiunnl of i).- iiidiitiTC, !hf iTjiini-.i- and tlw lii!l,ler •
C. T.. In Buihllng Xni;

Pasiing of Stone Age

(IKNKKAI, .T. S. ClARKHON SAYS (' MKNT IS NOW IN DkMANI).

"Til.. 8lone !w is passing, and tire iigi' of cumcnt !• upon ns," said
liencriil J. S. (jarkson at tlie Andltorluiu jestcrdiiy. " AniiTlian cities
an. In the rougli, and tlicj must in tlie npxt few yems bi. cnniplpted «o

Dork foundiitions.

relaininif wftllB, abutments, niul piers above slinwn are
construeted out of I'urtlHnd remeiil.

that they will he safe and sanitary. The work of development will lie
donetn great part with Portland Cement. That will lie the material for
bridge piers, for foundations of buildings, for conduits, and for the tunnels
In wliiih underground tninsportallon will In time be placed."

General Claiksoii was formerly the Warwick of Iowa politics, but now
he is a resident of Xew York. As President of the New York and
3i

New .IiTM'Y Ilrldxe

Company ht is do-
ing much work to

bring about tlu-

rnpid approjich of

the feineiit ora of

modern cities, in

wliicit lie iH'lJeves
"Our own crj

ing Mvcd for (iimn-

tities of ccmi'iit is

for U8C In the towerH

of our Hudson

Ulver l)ridKe, Tlic

Hud i> an old

linn of the sen. iind

160 fret of silt In de-
posited in its in'd.
To secure foiindii-

tions for the tow-
ers we roust sink

throuKh this wilt to
ro<-k hot torn. Our
cais8onN, tho mod-
ern Huhstitute for
the cofFer dftm, will
be tilled up with
cement nnd will
form the ha^^in of
ttic towers. T h e
towers themselves,
in order to carry
the viist sp'in of the

bridge, will l><^ thirty fivn feet taller than is the Washington monument,
so you miiy imaKine what quantities of cement will be required.

" The l)ridge will cross the Hudson River from Weehawlcen, on the
Jersey side, to I-'ifty-ninth street, in Manlmlliin. Its span will \>e2,mH}
feet long, exactly twice tliivt of the Urooklyn Hrldge, and its ai-ch alive
the river 160 feet above hi^rli tide. The bridge will carry eight railway
trackM on its lower level, and on the upper roadways, Iriunways, and a
bicycle path. Work will he commenced inside of twenty-four days The

contract was let at a figure of ;S:i:i,(IOO,(HHI. ,

" As I .said, cement is taking the place of stone. Our bridge, gigantic
Ji'* it is, is but a fraction in the municipal improvements which are under
way. We must complete our cities, make them sanitary, safe and
finished. In this work i'ortland Cement will be tlie largest contributor. "
-Chicago Time^ Herahl, April, UtOO.

PittsburR is considering the erection of a tilter plant to cost *2,500,«».
or over. The specirication calls for :i;i,a)0 cubic yards of cement concrete
in the walls, figured at «I27,000 and L'3,700 cubic yards for the floors and
•Irains, figured at |142.U(K). -Cement and Engineering Neu% Chicago.
.15

Till- inoiniineiit \» 21 feet high. 14 feet wide, 6 feet
ttiiclt. ami cuntanis over Kii tons of Portland Cement
concrele. It has 2-J medallion heafl«un>inid the bane iinrt
(i full loiiitrh statues above. Tlifl nionunieiit Ifl one mjUiI
inaKH witlioiit break or joint, east wliere it Htands t-ntirely
fponi Portland Cement and rr.juired lens than three day'
chirtelUntj luid dn-sslnK to put It into presentable fortn. 1l
lo ...» ,..„_i, „* „i^ptor Warmi sf Cuslnnan, of Betlc

Cement will Displace Wood in Buildings

Tlic lumber suppl\ of tlie t-ountry in f.int becMiiiinR t-xliausU'd, iind
the iM-opIt' will natnniliy be coiiipi-lled to turn lo nomv ^^ubstltuti' pre-
si-ntiiiK ilurability eh well n9 clifupni-Bs. rortland (Vmcnl otters un
adniirahleHubstitutc, and people itre iK'ginning to realize that inventive
genius haw (illVuded them n clear Bolut ion for the builders of tills and future
BenenitioiiB. Mimy of the liifffe buildings of the world are made almost
wholly of Portbnicl Cement. The Chicago Recorrt.

I'EKlsrVI.II M IN TUB UOMAN RkI'KOOI'CTION, HaI-I-S Of TIIK Anciksts,
ItepoHiiiction in eeiiient of tlio Roman House of Vettius in the Halla of the
AiiciciitM. WawhiiiKton, P.O. This house wa« it niorlel of Roman luxuriance and
eIeM:;iiire exhumed at Pouipeii in IWtj. More than one hundred photoKraphs and
eolored Iranweripts of tho piiiiiIiug!*ou the walls of Hie i;xhiimeii house, as well as
th«Kround plan aud uunieroua crasts of objeets found in the house, arc incorporated
in Ihe WashiUKtou reproduction, a partof tlic National Galleries.

More than TlMHM) barrels of American I'ortland IVment have been
consumed in the CDnstructioii of the (Jreat lSouHi Terminal Station at
Itosifui an<l ."rt).0(W barrels in the Reaiilng Terminal Station. Pa.; 15,000
birrels of I'oilIanH Cement will be required for the Holyoke dam, at
Holyoke, Mass., now under construction. This dam will be I.diiO feet long
and ;jr» feet high. F. G. Jonah. M. Can. Sue, C. A'., Canadian Engineer.

The Kniuse & Sons Cement Co., of Martin's Creek, I'a., have a con-
tract with the Ciiited States (iovernment for the delivery of :H),(HI0 barrels
of Krausc Portland Cement for the new Bureau of I'rintingand Engravinjc
Building, Washiu^'Iou. D.C. -Crmmf and Engineering Newi; Chicago.

Detroit Qty Eng:ineer's Recomtr ndation Regarding Paving

" Porthmd Cement Is the l>e>.t, ltn durability is Ijeyond compare, and
liecauseof itw undoiihted HUpcriurity >ili()iild he aiiopted for ttli Detroit'^
public work," Buici City Kiinineer Mc('<»rmltk. Mr McCormick ban ccim
mnntciU"! to the Hoard of I'uldic \Voik» tlie alw^ve opinion, toKetlier witb
tbp con tiiiiiatory Stat lsti^■^uitb the recommendation that the Hoard ask the
Common Council to pnividc in the Bpeciticatioiis to be adopted for imvinjr.
that none other than I'ortland Cement be usi'ii.--T)etioit Frfp t^resa.

The Report of the Bureau of MInee for Ontario states (amouK
other tliinKs) that concrete i-- the utreet enKini'er's material for street
buildinff, and hift chief reilamein llie making of it is not lloman or any
otlier kind of natural cement, but the stronRer and more durable Fori bind.

IJullBfonlaine. the American Pioneer in coinerit street imivIiik. Scvattil street*
in ttiiH town, some of which tlie atwvc cut* illustrnte, aro iMived entirely with
Portland Cemotit. have ttood years of wear without the expenditure of a dollar
for ropiiira, ami nre in excellent condition now.

The last yard of concrete in the walls of the PInciuemine lock waH laid
Nov. 17th. T'lis I<Hk is the largest piece of concretiUK in the world,
containing 87,00() cul)ic yards, carried on a foundation of JI.IKW piles driven
Into the ground forty tBet. -Srientijic American.
37

C O. Totten, of Totten & Uoitera, Ari-hitecia, WMhlnjtton. D.(".,
Sftys : " Portlaiiil Ceiitt-nt coacrele i^ eviThisting. lu c.mt. lo.., eNpf'<-ially
when- art-hitectunil and ornamental forma are 'iesirecl, [b much Itws than
thiit of alone."

Cement pipe laid during the Itonian invasion in (Ircat Itrltaiii is atill
in u good atate of preservation, anri the same is true of worli done iiy the
Ftomana in other parta of I-'nrope.

t'BMKNT JtRinGE I'ONBTKUCTION.

,. Th" lIciuaHridBe Is a ohenp, plain but durable St jlc for small briitgcs in rnrr.1
districts 1 he Indlanui.olis Bridge lllusirates the method of iinhcclding iron beams

n cement concrete for the Mclnn Aich The Armour BrldKc sbows the aracchil

ow Hat spau possible In the Melaii Ari-h system of brldifo construellon. The
l)c Kal I Brldue has a floor of cement concrete slabs, held In place by st»l i-beams.

The milinij. as well as Ibe arch and floor of the Pitlabnn! llrldBO is nia.U onl of
Porl land I emcut. espandtsl mclnl beinK used in Its construction

Depot of Cement

TheOntrdl H&ilromi of N.-w .lerscy has
linnounced itH intentioa of ercrlinn a liKg''
and coiiiiiKMlious new de(»ol at Nortiiaiiiittoii.
Ha., eiitin-ly of ct-iiK-iit us an adv.TtisHni.'nt
of the lea. ling iniiustry then-. The ct-ment.
bridge has ju^t been conipU'tcd at thiit place.
and is a Hn<- iiin-c of work, attracting much
intention. Cemiuf and Engineering Nton

('ement 'I'ih' are made of all shapes and
colors. They are llRht. rite proof und will
not brejik undi-raiiy coiiditioi.. Kven whfii
heated to a white Meat Ihi-y wiil pot break
whni coniinp: in i-oiitaot with « att-r : are also
fnwt-proof. The Tile shown herewith are
nmde of Poi-tland Ccincnt by tlie Anii-rican
Cement Tile Company, Detroit.

StiUrw in both viewn nn? built nut of Portland Cement, after Ih« Umisoiae
svstem of eoufttructlon iiabeddiiiR roM twiHle<i iron hkIh. The Y. M. C. A. Imll
floor s-howH decorative work imaaihle in rolored cements.

1 ortland Ctmrn'^ miikea the moHt duriit.Ie slepH and -tairwaj s of any material
kiiowj- unlike gtone. It wears even.

...IS'iy'"*"'"'"''''"'*'''- I'nuiklln W. Siiiltir« n-lMt.

'e. ill Ml, AuKUhtinc.
<<lafl.rlli.-PaIa.-,.or

li«ltl<!ii.i3iit«. » itlla. rtuiirB, reillnitK ,,« of /•/?<; .V^K" • iMlconies. arc les, cornices
built to 1887. ■•'""'"•■""« '^'■''""»<(t¥mc;i(coii,Trt». Tlii« irofVl was

(>o.tl.nd IVrno,,, ,e.m> to !«. i„v,„li„K and dispUutng „,.n, of ll,e uld
«1IhI,I>. malerml. u,e,l in lKill,llnKi„n.tiucMon It >..> now ni«d>. anothiT
cumiae,! In tmnslorming old frame »truvtun» (ron, »-„od,„ exterior lo ,.
Portland (enient ll„l»li. A hulldlnK .o tran.form..d will b,. warmer In
winter and cool.r ii. .„mmer. The rat,. „f In.umnci. will be ,ut ,U,wn

rlT '■ f,."'1 '""1'^ "'" •"■ '"■"■ ■'■'"■"■ "'■ • »"■"'"■■• »' dwelling- in
liUagn that havi- l,een tran.forn,ed In the manner alove indicated with
the re«>ilt that the tran.tormatlon .annot be <ll,tinKul»l,..d from a
dweilmg that ha, la.en cun.trnac.,1 ,r ,. Wh«, the .o^t Is oom|«red
wl 1 tlu. uniform BOO.I results obtainid we cannot eee whv there .houl.l
not Ih> a Krcat f nture for this class of work .

—Cement and Engineering .Ve«», Chicago

''" Th.'^',''"'"'''''' I!!"-'"":; '"•'"■'"' '"" '"" """""' """ "■>«■"« THa«.

n,.,ir1;?'S"t•l,i'n^arb!/'X^'^f7rrrSdaf'••^"itKs°ft^v^

(r,ll,,..l m ^ncrclo. IncMhiK beurns to ,u„i,orl « .„ov,.l,k.,.r»„f o( .« Ion. we St.
.No 2 Kh m a vic.v or the aliiiplun caiinl. bui t iilonK tlie abrupt iiioiintiUii «!*■ In
ronriii„tOic-w..Uirof thellhon,. f„r inollvi, i«,wcr to BriKHes kV tTerl m a ^^^

eai-h'S fVrt'bi^l!''°"'"' "' " ''"""""■ »"*'" "levator at Stra»biirK. iiomaiiiliiK « bins

aad^o^rfuC'^JSj^Sri,?' ' '""""• ■""' "' ''"""""■ '^'""""" ■•"'■""'"- """-
No. 6 inii«ale» a ii»o for Portland foment onlirely now In ' morlca. but viry

Srn TSvii if • ri'1^' •.f"i''t"'"'1 'i? i.H''"'" by the Honni'blque .yntem. Tho
49-St ^"b Babiook S: Wilcox Co. , and employ- eom.nt girdeti of

Tlie emwn of the
rvNprvoJr \n of ■•oHil
ceiitfiit foiicreto. Till-
ahort Icni-'li" of «■«-
tnont nf> .'er pipe
nhuwi) Ri J two or
three feet In diAiiinliT
smt an> timdi' f n cnnle
Dioiildti without ex-
pen mI VD niai'tiliuTy
aml nt'etl no tmrniiiK
but onljr niiituriiikf liy
betnit kt'pt wi't for ii
few ilivyi*. The lii^^t
rut llUiHtratCH a, very
reiiinrkitblo trnt iiiiulti
ill Jiint', llNHt. hj thi'
New York Kxpandcil
-Mclat Co.. on a por-
tion of tliucomliiil for
the JfTwr City wtitrr
■upply. Kifl'-i'n ihiyH
ftfttT the M't'tlon htid
bt'cii niHde, -'-'> toiin of
$tr,t rtiilH ii-rre pilrd
On the Ktetion. Thn-c
rails wL'iKhins ai)-
proxiniatcly a t on
wi'ndhfii twiicflrop-

Kuil on one end of tlic
ladled anh : all thi->
iiriMliiccd only a il«'-
IkHMlonof 7-PliiK'h in
hulKhl of arch, with a
few rraikfi. (Jn re-
tnovInK the mile n half
month Inter tht arch
rrauittfd itn original
foi-m ii-illi pntctieiiHu
no dtimayi-.

Over 80,01)11 harreln
of Port land Ctnieiit
were nwd In ron-
siructlnK the C'love-
la n (I Iti'cak >vater,
Thi; i-nt showx an
antfle of thu Jlreak-
waltT, top Hurfave
and parflpi't. T h v
MarsellleM jetty itx-
tendn into the M<-dl-
U^rranuan over two
nnd n rjuiirtcr iiilhtn
ami irt hnllt up from
lanfe cement blocks
(Inniped Momcwhat
proinWtioHxIy Into
the >ieii.

The Arroyo Ditih
Sl Wftter ('o,, of
Dowtiey, Col.. huH
JUHt HnlHhed a ft
milt? cement Humy.

Luge Conitructioni

'"d,^[ SSX '° I ''"'""■»•"''-• '"• Pr.Hn,ln.r, work „„ ,h. Tr..„.
Ihp Oomliilon (iov,rnmeiit in the con.tructlon of «. new lock .t the r™ t , f

r.aw««h.r?^,? ■"'•"•'' •i»»'"i'i'""-t- ■» co.,»uni„i I., th.

Cumenl work oh

Pier at tlie liuliith Ship Canal.

The south canal pier at Diilnrh Min»
sections. The «p«-^, P..t,vr..„ -he I? ™ t m l ' *'' '" •"•■'"•te

M T*'*' M'*"*'"""!!!*!!. (1111. of

Iiiiw.1 auilim Nkv) . l>

C^BMBNT Cow
H„H^S£"K' ".!""""!"«' portion

«nni the HudHon Rh-er wax AlverUsdtt

Dam wM bulJt tor lhi.

tothoeiiatbank.sillabim',:
of thetiionl)' t«ii<l>raiiM
" mil thniiiffh them. On
,J«ed concrete whk pi^cti-
w«,T,;*.1 (,j the sciinioK
-----jot in plat'oH on the down.
laffaqi'ARK-CORNBHKn and prac-

Qtr Engineer Eriaon Favon Cement Concrete

i'lljr Kiiithit'cr Krli-'on. of CIiIkukci. uv*: "Hecrtil Until ti( n-iiicnt
cnncn'ta for K<'nentl tonKtnu-lion an<t uinlfrKniuiid work tiavs provMl It to
l»e iiilHTior to brlrk and iiinnr, >Kith In coxt nf labor ami in Itx ftiiniblllty .
It r<Mt»('litca|co )iH,ih)tk (lay for tuintvl >)riiklii.vfrii, wlilli- roncrvta tani|M>ni
can Im- oMainiil for 9J iH»a daj. I )M>llevi> from :iii to lu per rent In t-Diit
ran Im- Havf<l li> thn itiit> of i-eint* nl roiH-relf. It in, rlinrfffori-, very prntMihln
tliat tlia fijlurt' will »t>e a muth iiiori' exIfiiHlva um> of thin materiul Mian
In thv pant."— Cem«n( nntl Snffine^ring Nnrt, Chioaf(o.

Interior views in the Pompein, at SnratMcn, N.V., flnorH. walli*. pillars, oapt,
arnhitmTec, etc., nil of Portland Cement.

Cement Bridge at lUnkakce

Th» Cll; Couni'll III KiuikakM. Ill . Ium iiili.|itril iilanii lor • ii-intlil
t>rld»« arniw Ih.' Kiinkakri> lllvir. Tlie brldn* Kill Ik »«) liet Iiuik mid
*l iMt widi', InehidliiK mi n lo.il nldawut on oiii' aide. It !• to li< a uilld
ronrnta lirldK>, wltluiut aUil or Iron

Tli.1 Aniirlinn IV nl Co. ol I'lilladalphla, »lll lurnlah I.Mal.lul

biineli. of rtiiicnt r.ir the Xi w York IU|ilil Tr.ui.ll .iiliw.y i iinnlruclion.

Honatoii ItroN , Thirl; ««mid utml iind I'liBii. 11 II., I'llLbiirK. I'a .
will luraUh :«I,II00 liarreU ol inin, m r..i I he o«w IjiiiKhllii luiiiaiaa at
l'UtaliurR.-C.'«in«il ami fni/inririni/ Ntm, Chliaco

AbuciuuuU, MivIiuH, Ouui-H, raiiiiiKM. ail ol! i'ortiand cefnont.
47

'f lie Columbia, one of the cruitteni beloncrinK to the United StAtes Navy, Ih lined
with PortlnndCuiiiont. Thlt material, at tneage of one year, will Rtand a cruHhlng
strain uf 220 tons tu the square foot.

Bkooklyn, N.Y.., Strbkt R.K. Cunbtrlctiox.
Steel Ti\lU imbedded in longitudinal concrete licH.

Muan. John Aud & Co., of England, are bulldlnit a dam or barrage
for the KgTptlan Govamment at tlio «r«t cataract of tha river Nile, near
Asiuan, Egypt,.whlch will con«unie .t.ooo.noo harreln of cement and will
co«t tlli,(IOO,(Kn. One thousand European workmen and 2,301 natives are
employed on the work under ( ieneral Manager ,Iohn Blue. The dam will
be 711 feet high aud the top of the dam will Ixs from .TCI to 40 feet wide, and
will be uaed »a a bridge. It will Impound the Rood-waters of the Nile 76
feet above low water for irrigating purpoaCH, from which the Egyptian
Government will derive a revenue of t3,0aa,UOO annually.— From Ctmrnl.

The iUuJitrationg on tht« pme give an Idea of the po>wlble variety In arllftcial
bulmlnK utoneH and «how clearly Ihi; adaptability of Portland Conu^nt to every
concetvable problem Involved in architecture. Kcononir, durBbiltty, and texture
of natural Atone, are marked characterlKllog of Eood artlflcial 6tone.

Advantages of Concrete Structures

After STar "''cwC"';:n:,''T '•" """^"'•■' "-' "■'«'•

(X) ooncret.; ,2, brick Xtl'" i'' '^"' "/ «'"««' "■•" <«■"«:
block. <„u. ™.„. .v»L„^,uictlT„^""^•"' '■'"•'• ''«'''»"<'
Sheets 0, fl.m.spre«Iov«-!L!!. , ^° ' ""^ ""^ »"■' »' ""o".
fragment.. 1„„ Cm-Td^ "^^ ^ ".rehouwe, ,..t., flew ,„,„

but.heeoncr.t.w.U.H:^^;!':; """"""■"" '■"<"""-<>'""".

4. Anchor rod. mw not required.

5. Art»pt.bmt,u.,Up«i„ble,c^.„.h,p„

». Tr.„.port.tion without th. „. „, derrick, u both ..r„..n.,,

'■ it set. under water.

S. Require, no expenw of m.lntenM>efc

eon.!"!;'::*"'"' """"'<'"••"'>'»'»««. oh-perper cubic foot th„

iaH«pldityotcon.tnictlon.

11. AbMlutely air and watertight.

la Concrete building- - -ooUr i.. .„
than any other. "^ """°'"' ■»" "■»™" In winter

The day of ignorance regarding tlie true
value of cement and its p«,pe, manipulation
•nd application has passed , and the dawn
of a new era, the Cement Age. has dispelled
an doubts and fears> and to tha« connected
with building arts has come the full reaU-
Mtlon that the stone of nature has at last
met a successful rival.