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The post of ti film Orig begi the sion othc first sion or il piqudes Pages detached/ Pages ddtachdes HShowthrough/ Transparence Transparence Quality of prir Quality in^gale de I'impression Includes supplementary materia Comprend du materiel suppldmentaire Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible I I Quality of print varies/ I I Includes supplementary material/ I I Only edition available/ The shal TIN! whi( Map diffi entii begi right requ metl Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuiltet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont M filmtes A nouveau de fapon d obtenir la meilleure image possible. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X L 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X lire details jes du modifier )er une filmage §es The copy filmed here hat been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: New b^unswiclt Museum Saint John The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol — ^ (meaning "CON- TINUED"!, or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. L'exemplaire filmA fut reproduit grice A la gAnirositA de: New Brunswick Museum Saint John Les imeges suivantes ont 6tA reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettetA de Texempleire filmA, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimAe sont film6s en commen^ant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la derniAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont film6s en commandant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la derniire page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le svmbole — ^ signifie "A SUIVRE ", le symbols V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film^s A des taux de reduction diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour 6tre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est filmA d partir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. ' errata d to It e pelure, ;on d n 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 M^\^ <^^ CZ^f<^' p-/^ z^^^^t^7ty _^^u^txy t:-:T' i. Is The Fauna Called " Primordeal" the Most Ancient Fauna? r,v G. F. MATTHEW, M.A., F.R.S.C. V? ^^72<, " Jiiprbihil from the Onnnlinn /{nonl nf Science, April, 18!):;. I \ Is the Fauna Called " Primordeal " the Most Ancient Fauna? Hy G. F, Matthkw, .AI.A., F.R.S.C. Under (ho above title Dr. J. Borgoron diseuHsos the claim of the Primordeul Fuuimof fkn'jindelo be considered the oldest assembliio-e of animals that has existed on the earth. This is the fauna which characterises the Cambrian roelvH (as now inulei-stood). and whirh foi' a long time was claimed to l,o the oldest U»ti has existed on the earthr Dr. Ber,o;eron thinks diirerently and eiles abundant inter- nal evidence from the fauna itself in favour of his viey that there has been an older fauna. After sj)eakin,i.- of the influence which the opinions of Darwin and other evolutionists have had on the interpreta- tion of late discoveries in the (Cambrian rooks (especially in the applieation of the diseoveries in the embiyoloi^y of recent animals to the interpretation of the piimitive forms of the Cambrian seas), he takes the trilobites as the most interestini,^ forms, viewed from the stand point of rvolulion. as being organisms of the highest type (for that age), l»e- cause in them the results of evolution are most manifest. After speaking of the trilobites as Arthropods with a chitinous test, living in the water, breathing by gills, fur- nished with numerous pairs of thoracic limbsof which some are connected with the Jaws and some with the abdomen, he proceeds to give in outline a description of the parts of their bodies and their use in the economy of the creature. The metamorphosis of the ('aml)rian trilobites has been shown by Bari-ande for the genus Sao and by Matthew for the genera Liosti-acus Ptychoparia and Solenopleura The 348 Canaflton Record of Science. I tliroc lattoi' oxhihit similur soricH of nietanK..'|)Ii<)si,s jind HO aro naturally groujied in the nanio family. On thcothor hand tlio changes in tlic yoiin<^ <»f Paradoxides follow an itidepondont line of dovclopnicnt, showinj^ that this genurt belongs to a ditl'eront I'anuly. " Wo see then that in Iho trilobiteH of the fauna culled I'riinordeal there were ali'oady (lirt'oroneeH in the mode of developmeiil ; an(i these dill'ei'- enccH in the forms of the same group living at the same epoch, corr('s|)ond certainly to a grade of evolution which is not the same; this compels us to admit that heforo the time when this trilohito fauna lived, there mtist have been another fi'ora which it proceeded." Another argument used by I)i'. Bergeron is that the size of the front lobe of the glabella in embryonic forms of tlie early trilobites foreshadowed the gonei-a Paradoxides and Olenellus, which aro similarly characterized in the adult stage. However, he thinks that more weight is to be given to the small size of the pygidium in these ami other primoideal genera as indicating the primitive aspect of the Cambi'ian trilobites, for in the embryonic trilobite thopygi- dium is small compared with the cephalic shield. The development of the gei''.«.> Agnostus j'.lso is taUen as showing the line of change through which the genera of trilobites were in(dined to pass. Tullborg had shown this for the Agiu)sti of Scandinavia. The author shows that the earlier forms of Paradoxides wei'e small and the gigantic t'oi-m P. Rajina was one of the later. The.se large species peiishcd suddenly without leaving any Kucce.ssors. The same rule holds for As-apbus and II- lanus and large species of other genera. " The ])receding study of the characters peculiar to the trihibites of the Cambrian has led us to the conchision that these present sure indications of an evolution anterior to the epoch in which they lived. This leads us to think that there must have lived prior to the fauna called primor- deal, one which may have contained the ancestral types of the most ancient one that we actually know." Dr. Bergeron supports this view of the source of the most \ /s the Pfimordml Ihc. Most Aniienl Faitna '. 8-il> \ iinci(!nt forms ol'aiiinutls lantwii l.y an (tiitliiu' of (ho opinions now lu'ld in lo-^aici to the inotamoi-phisni of tlie older scdi- nicnts, by whicli the proofs that injiy h.ivc existed in the pro-C.'ivMihrian rocks of the life of thai earliiM- epoch have been desti-oyed. ThiH article by J)r. Merf^'eron, published in the " lieviie h Vannes and several neighb()rin<^' towns, wheie they are less atVected by u-ianu- litic intrusions, and become a carbonaceous ([uartzite and shalo, and underlie the system called the schists of St. l/o. These schists are considered to be i)re Cambrian, and would correspond to the Huronian .system of Canada. Sections of the carbonaceous shales placed under the micr()sco])e show circular or rounded objects of a peculiar aspect; they recall at first view sections of Radiolaiians. Dr. r.ariois submitted sections of this shale (phtanite) for examination by M. Cayeux, who stated that the presence of Uadiolarians in these phtanites was undeniable, and one could even refei- them to Monosphiriilv, the most ])rimitive of the ^adiolarians. "These Radiolarians are the most ancient organic re- mains found in Fiance, and probably in the world; and the ])htanites are at present classed in the Primitive Azoic formation about the limit of the Laurenlian and pre Cam- bi'ian systems." \\y dogieescotemporaries are turning up in the I'l'e-Cam- brian rocks for the once solitary Kozoon. To Walcott's ^, 7 :?r)0 Cannflitin Record of Scienre. ininiUc molluhcs of tho (Iriind ("anon of tlio ('olorndo ai'c to l)(! jiddod llio StroinatiiporM liko lossil and llio iroxacliiicllid H|»iiiini> (){' (111' I'lo < 'ainbriaii rocks of St. .lolm (Masli-in (-aiiada), and now (he K'adiolarians of VVeslcni h'ranco. On Some New Dishovertes in the Cammkian Heds of Sweden. I)i'. J. ( '. Mobor^, of Lund, lias williin the j-oar that in past onlai'ged (lie numbor of s])ccies known from the Ole- nolluH /ono of Sweden. In two panijdilets bo has described a niiniboi'of spocioH collected by Dr. X. O Hoist and others, which ai'O of ])0(uliar interest. Those are l^rom i-andstono boulders and beds in tho south of Sweden. Among the fossils aiv two new species of Olenelhis, one allieil to O. {Ilohiila) h'/crulji, but ditl'eiinjf in the more strongly arched hcadshield, by bavini;- a much heavier (•.heek-s|)inc, by a deficient (oi- perhaps rudinionlary) inter- ocular spine, 1)3' a more lengthened hyposiome (hn-oid of s))ines at the back, etc. This speiues he calls O. Ijinidi/retii. The second apecies is allied to (/ (Ar'sonads) Michwitzi, from which it is distinguished by the anangemcnt of tho glabellar fui'i-ows by the form of tho outei- j)art of tho pleura'i, by tho prosonco of a small p )int on each side at the back of the pygidium, etc. This species he calls O. TorrellL With these two species of Olenollus, Dr. ^foberg found a small Jjingula '^ two Hyolithes and a small Obolella?, and ho supposes their ge or 10 that aio found on the t'oi-m from Troy, N.Y., doHcrilu'il l.y ilall, ho considors it spocilically diHtinct, callifii,' it J>. Hoist i. IIo vory Hii^riiticantly remarks that in tlio rnatorial in wliit'lihis DisconoiliiwaH found, ono " vory soldotn HndHany fosHJl wliich is plainly (lie livini,' dianilior ol' a pLoropod of the tyj)o wliich nilliM<,'s doscrihed undor tho namo of Ilyoli- thidlus; and on the othoi- hand ono docs not find tho Discina-liko fossil in tho muterial whoro tho rcod-shapcMJ (;r JIyolithus-lil