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B E I N G T H E Chorography, Topography, And History OF ASIA, AFRICA AND AMERICA. Faithfully Extraded from the Beft Modern Travellers and mod Efteem'd Historians; And Illustrated Witli MAPS, Fairly Engraven on Copper, according to the Modern Difcoveries and Correftions by HE RM AN MOLL. The Third Edition very much Enlarged. LONDON: Printed for A. and J. Churchill, and T.Childe> M.DCCIX- W\ ■I ii).,iiiwi,^«(i^ 'i«T^»'^!i!^"'("»" i niiiq^ym:^ 'fmwnhit A ,' T .>> o ^ ■ ■ » if. - fe .i<^; ;: v_4i. ^^.* . ,..*v -.»-.■ -"v,^ ri yr o n -^ R -^4 ,.|. To the R E A D E R. THE only Objeftion anainft the former Edition of this Work, Was, That the Accounts there given of thefe three Parts of the Work!, wx-ic not Large and Satisfactory, proportionate: to tllat oi Europe; the Reafon why it was then fo Defeftive, we have given in 'Our Preface, and have there alfo flicwn the Reader, whence we liave extrafted tlie ample Dcfcriptions litre exhibited of all the Parts of thefe Remote Countries. Wc can truly alTure the Reader, that the Books there nicntion'd, Iiave not only been Cgnfulted, but even the full Subftance of every one of 'em, fp far as concerns Geography, is faithfully introduc'd into this Work^ v/lu icby iirh intimate View is given of thefe dillant Lands, , and the true prefent State of them is fliewn. The former Writers on this Subjefl: have contented themfelves with Tran- fcribing thofe that went before, and the Errors of a Hundred Years Ibnding, have ftood in Modern Books Uncorrefted : But in this Work we have not only Confulted thofe that have been upon the Spot, but even thofe too have not besn lightly credited in any wonderful thing ; where a Thing appear'd Incredit)le, a fmgle Teftimony has not been taken ; and where different Authors have fpoken differently of the fame place, we have chofen to give the Reader both their Reports, and let him judge for himfelf And inGc- rteral have taken the grcateit Pains in makmg the moft diligent Search after Truth : And truft we have not egregioufly mifs'd it in any one Inlhnce. u-1: r.a rr. H V\ \\\ f' 'i noft:/. :o')Li ■; rr'jff, yi:;v ■rr (:\ ..c-.-O.T I. Ci) ASIA. Asia I N d'^ I a. N S t AS I A, ii it was the Urgeft Part of the Old World, fo it was on many Accounts the Principal and moft Celebrated. For it was there th» Almighty Creator was pteafed, not only to Plant the Paradicc for the firft Man Adam, and afford his Prefence in a figntl Degree to his firft elcdked People ; but it was there •Ifo that hij Son our Lord wai pleafed to Work the ' >** •it ' Redemption of Mankind, and difpenre the gloriota Light of the Gofpel, for our Eternal direftron to Salvation. And altho' this alone were Honour enough, and what tnuft always render this Land Ve- nerable, yet the Worldly Advantages were as nota- bly Superior ; for the Earth produces not only all the VornmonNeceffariesfor Life in grrtt Plenty, but give* us over, and above allthofe Delicacies, which fcxve for Delight and Luxurity ; fuch as the brighteft B Gera^ i : ! i! :m^li ' I ,, i-MMJI.-i u t1» I'M 5 r ASIA in General. tuii It if !!S H d' Gems, the mofl Aroinatick Spices, the moft Bal- luiiiick and Salubrious Drugs, the fined Silks, and thirichtit Metals; befidcs Fruits and otlicr Plants of mere Delicious Kinds, than the other Parts of the World are aiquaintcd with. And as this WM the . toll delightful Habitation, it has been the Seat ot" he grcatelt Monarchici- ihat ever appeared in the World. But much of its ancient Glory is loft, for the Tiiikjh Rudeiiefs has rcndcr'd that part of it, which was the muft Poliic, a wild uncultivated Land. And at this time y*y?.i is only confideraWe for the rich Com- modities it affords, and on which Account it is con- tinually Nidtcd by our Merchants. ASIA is Situated on the Eafl of Europe, com- mencing at the ^Sth. Degree of Longitude (thcfirft Meridian being laid on tlie Well fide of h'crre Ifland) and extends to the 1 50th. Degree, which may be leckon'd 6cco MUcs. In its Latitude it pofleffes all the T'wpcir.tr, the greateft part of the Tarriii, and part of the I'rigid Zones ; lb that it enjoysthe whole 14 Cli:nates, ^and its loiigeft Days, arc from i 2 to 24 Hours. Its Boundaries arc, On the Weft, the Mediren-a- nenn, the HeJ, and the Black:Seaf, the Mountains which bound the Mujioviitn Xvtitry, and the River Obf. The Konhern Ocean is its general Boundary on the North ; as the Imiiim and Haltern Oceans, arc on the South and Half. In fo vaft an extent of I and, the Soil muft to be furc be various, but in general it may be declared ( fome Parts of Arabin and Tcrtniy excepted ) a Rich and Fruitful Country. The Inhabitants are reckon'd to be of Effeminate Natures, bur we ought to remember, that thofe wc converfe with are of the moft Southern Parts, which we know produces not fo robuft Natures as the North ; and therefore we may fuppofe the Northern Inhabitants to be equal to us, at leaft 'tis certain thofe of them that have appeared in the South i I mtan the Twiiy and Tartari, are Men of as much Force and Courage as any. Thofe of the Southern Parts excel in Ingenuity, and fend us curious pieces of Workmandiip, which our moft Polite Mechanicks can fooncr envy than imitate. Whether the remark, that they arc fordid Admirers of Monarchy be juft, wc cannot judge, fur the mighty Powers of the Prin- ces, has always kept them in Slavery, and they have never had an Opportunity of exerting the Love of I iberry, which certninly muft be as innate to them, ■ as it is to the reft of Mankind. fn Religion they are very ftupid, as will be rea- dily granted, when 'tis confider'd that the Maho- mctan is the bcft and moft rational among 'cm. That Opinion prevails over all Twl^y, Arnhiit, and part of Titrtary and Wm ; and the Seft of it who own Haly for their Head in Pifjl.i. But in that pare of India where Mahameli/m is nc: receiv'd, as alfo in China, Jtipi'i, t?i-. they are ftupid Idolaters, and Exercife . moft extravagant, and even moft cruel Rites in their Worfliip of Thoiifands of Images. ' Oin-fildred Lord haViiigrbve;tledhimfclf in this part of the Wofid^ ir was the theatre of rfie firft Promul- igarionofriie<iofpd; which fpread fofuccefsfully,that -cvtn iin!tiie Apbttulicfc Age it wastaughtfo far off as ■Min: Bar sts the unwortliirxtfi of Q»»iUiansproduced :that Dclinnciation reveal'd to St. ?«/;>', the Churches 3in the wy/rt-Afmcr were aJb;<ndon'4 to PerfpCMpLons,and 'by the Baibarifiiis of the Siira^ini, Tartart, and ■ Titr^s. in fine, mtttrly Deftro/d Aodaltho'^e^jurc Light of the Gofpel coulJ never be extinguifli'J but a large Number have always t:cen found incicry Part of ////.», who profcfs the Chrillian Faith, yet thi-o' the Rudencfs of their Governors, the Chuivli has for many Ages been in t Servile State. To omit the many fccijpulous Niceties of j^if « and others in theDivifKjouf ylfit, wc Ihall conliJer it under the levcrul Dominions it is now fubjccl to which naturally enough divides it it. 10 Five Cwm Parts, namely, JVIik^liT, i-- /■. /(..V J ./, iNUI.i CHINA and T/J /<^T.//<^7; befidcs the Ill.inds, many whereof will no', come into any of thefe CiallL's • and tho'itmaybcobjeiitcJ, that iivt.uy is not under one Government, and that hi'iiit c.xtr.i (Uir'-m ism- dependant of the Grc.u-M-'gii!, as alfo that tL' greateft of Wni/i/.i is exempt from the Ti,,/;; anj therefore each of thofe Ihould be diviticd into its re- fpedlivc Parts; yet in this Pl.icc, it is Icfs ncccirary to clogg the Reader's Memory too much, but rather give him thofe Diltinftions, when we come to fpcak of thofe Particular Parts. A View of the Whole. ^ r (yiSI/lMINOI{, 7, . . I Weftern JSr/(f// and Pr.lcJiine,(lV"^ '"'m T;»Ax. JAIiABlA partly un-(^°7'° l« dcriheTw/;. \ South. ft;' fDIABECKi, i.e. Ajfph, Cbaldit, Eaftcrn ) and Mcfopceamia. Tiiik;. SrVliCOMANlA, or the Ancient C Aimcniamapr. GEOl{_GIA, MENGI{ELIA, partlyfubjcd to the Tor/;, and partly to the ffyJi«. Smaller Parts adjoining, fubjv'it to their own Princes, with fome Depe/ida'icc on either the Tuil{ or Perjliti, are, Imeritia, Circafiit, Comamia, &c. On the Eaft of T//r<^, lies PEHSI^Ap^p' comprehending \partUa,&c^ More Eaft ward, MOGVLLISTAN or IXDOSTAN, confiftingof 39 Provinces or Kingdoms. maybe confiderdin four greatC„,„,„,„Wto ihe Parts, ly.ng South of ^fc^«/;y/rt«.^g^,^„_^,,^ ')m^„,_ On th» Eaft of thofe lies, INDIA txtm rP EGV, jEach contaimng G.mgem, or the .^5 I W JW, Smany fmall Kingdoms of ^TONQJJIN. ) Kingdoms. And fattheft E?ftward lies CHINA, coitipre* hendiflg 1 s large Provinces. On the Nonh of all thefe lies, /'L'jif^in thf*Sonth, TAI{TAI{T, ootnnionjy )>//!/ f in the North, confider'd in four Parts, yTmcljeftun 'Mid land, CC<«j!);;;.in the Eaft. ThiTi much for the Con tinent. ' -■ The • Mtdiil, lM,kc_ The rVRKY in JSU. The INLANDS of ylfia maybe confider'd in ihiec CUflcs* viK- f Ciirui, I, The Iflands on the Coaft of J Ltsbos otMtttlinc, 4fiii. in lUeMetiiterranean-Sea. ^Chiot ot Scio, ^CoototLrttigo, &c. « Cr)loii, y The Ma!ilive-]JIandj, U. Tbofe in the J Borneo, &c. Iniim-Octim '^The Sfice-IJlands, Banda, &c. /The McluecA-lflandt , Ternatr, I T/i/cr, &c. ^ Amkynn, Cerani, Gihic, &c. III. Thofe in.bc 5SSt;:!'i& — o /^ . < I be JitpoHeJe-lllanai, Eanern Ocean. jTheiLro„«.//7.«^k We fhall now Proceed to the particular Delcnp- tions of each part, beginning with Anatolia as being the neareft to Eurofe, thence palCng.thro" Sjria, Pa- lejiine, Arabia, Uiarbtck^, Georgia, &c. proceed to Perfia, and having furvey'd all that Kingdom, go thro" Tartnry into Irtdia, view all that Continent and the Iflands adjacent : Then pa& into China and Japan. Of TURKY in ASIA. i^j Jgn^.ff|j>-tfffi^ 5 .^rtf ff •4^ •^4 "*, Ut\ OF Irop] tutino, "Tab. X aut •»^'^ I .r; ,1.1'. E TJ X .»"' The ^■: -. ,1 J: !.lir,(' I :n- iL Sea '-' ■ CeUiu Coti JtamMUA J'^ <h'* ,.M1« J»/. "*i _ .Vli.-..'"'/'.. P\i!n " Curiel .•• a URCOMA ^^ S^Ser44* ^^.^^^sM. ;^- VX, I.A- Mi« r ."-v/ -'"-•''V^Wi- ... Oimauj^. _. ""^ &,«<■/<«» .oVtfMic*'" ^^ Vtiitrin siA. Minor J,. rPttA . IMENIAAs SYRIA. Iu)Aa -Mesopotamia 1*11(1 Geokgia- JUdrnj Jicit. M X D ITE RR AN EA -.!>«„ ■" ,' ^ JJ r^nim %'■, J' ,^ HMi |: ■; ■(, ,'V "' ! rvRicr in jisiA J '/ CHAP, t : V N4T0LIA or ASIA-MJ^OK. "Myltetia or Anatolia, c»Hed NaiUlu by the Twrj^^f, * and by theanr'''nt Grer/I;^ M i'«ir«n\», by rea. fon of it its Eaflern Situation from Eurofi, ai)d on the fame account called alfo the Levant by Eurepcani, had anciently the Name of Afifi fimply, by way of Excellency, as being the lieft Part of Ajia, for in it were Icatcd very many Noble Cities and Confidera- ble States .- But fince diftiiiguiili'd by the Epithet Minor, It is a large Veninfuta of about 300 Miles Broad, and 600 Long, bounded on iheNprth by the Euxine or Blacl^-Sra. On the Weft by the Jhracian B*/fhorm,tbe Profontu, and the ArchifiUvo. On (he South by the EafternPanof ihtMedittr- rancan-Sea. And on the Eaft by Georgia, the River Euphratu, which divides it from Turcomania ; and by the Con* tines of Sjria, It extends from the )6ih. to the4itlf. Degree of Latitude; and from the 48th. to the 60th. Degree of Longitude. Nature has given this Country a very Healthful Oimate, and Fruitful Soil, but the Turkj/h Tyranny lias render'dit almofl Deikrt .- Our Engllfh Merchants Travelling tbicher on account of Trade, have fire- quenrly the Curiofity to villt the Antiquities of this once Famous G)untry, but fee nothing but Ruln^ and can only lament its Misfortunes. Nay, even the Fields are uncultivated, and the Grounds that would produce the beft Grains and Fruits, are co- vered with Brvnbles and Weeds. Where it is cul- tivated, it affords excellent Corn, Fruits, moft deli- cious Grapes, the faireft Olives ; Cotton, Rhubarb, Opium, Calls,and other valuable Drugs ; which with Sttk, Grogram Yam, andfome few Tapeftriesand Carpets, arefenttoHnrt^^ N/itolia taken at large, comprehends the ancient Regions of Galatia, Paphlagonia, Bjibinia, Pontur, Mj/fn^ Phrygia, Lyditi and Mania, JEoUs, Ionia, Carta, Dorit, Pamfhilia, Pifidia, Capadocia, Lyeia^ Pifidia, Lycaonia, and Cilicia. It!> prefent Divifion according to Geographers, is into Four Parts, w^- i. Natolia properly io called, the Weftem Pan. J. Caramania, the southern Part. 3. AladuUa^ the Eaft Part, uA^.Atnafia, the North Fart. By the Turl{t the whole is divided into Five Parts, under the Government of Five BegUrbegt wbore(ideatC()(7<(U'"f Tocat, Trabt^ond, Matyc, and Iconium. Thefe are fubdivided into leller Govern- ments called Sangiaekfltei, denominated from the City or I'own where the S<>n^i4c/^relides. A Table of the Cities and Towns in NATOLIA, wherein thofe that tvece anciently Confiderable, are noted as well as the Modern. The Places of chief' Note in that part, which WIS the An cicnt ,i3 ■ Prufa Of Burfs, Cap.' J Chalcedon, [BytJuVM-iNice, t Nicomedia, *Libiffiat , -£ Mylia and Phrygia: A 'Colis. 'Vj^ieui', Patium, Lamjifacutf Ahymif Troy, Troat Alexniria^ ScamaHdria, Affo,, Pergamut, Pakfceffitf Antandroi, ^Pitana. rElea, tMyritUf SCuma. fonia: Caria. - Doris. Phocital Smyrna^ Cla;(meneofVrU^ ^rjthrUt Tm/, Ltbidusl Colophon, EphefuSf JPriene. fJUiletutl Palatfchia; HeracUa, Boryglia^ Mylafa, Amy:^on, Alabandal Stratonice, .Alynda. ' Myndtts', ^Halicamaffiu, nOW Nefi, : Ceramut, fCnydui, . Crejfa. Sardis'. Philadelphia, now Machfixfit] Thyatira, now Akfiifar, lAotnii. J Afagnefm, now Gu:(elhijfer, Leodicea, now Etf^iffar, Lydia or 'Cotiteum, nowCbiutait, Gordium, Phrygia^ Major. Midtitm, Apamitf Coloffa, Hiernpolis', Sjnmtda, Prynmefia, .TiberoptlK. Galatiai NATOLIJ or ASI/^MINOR. \Germa, C Amuriunt, ^HerMcleSf aow PnJerMhi, y Anufirh, now Somifiro, '■■ 1 Cldudiofolit, IKJW CaflrimenHf rapiiwBu-M UmifiHf now Sim<(|i», ' PomfetopoliJ, „Gang»r»f hn$tolili (l O; AM AS I A comprehcndt theic Provineei) Gdaucus. IcomJf. Pontus lT(jf«, Ftoleauyiuc.cSf^Dy^iic.' PootUS jPhanmcia, Cappadocic. i iJchopoHs, m. 4«L^Dt;L fit contains; Cappidocia^ 5«v4/, end fart of \Cuifkr, Armenia ^Nyjfo, minor. ina^ian^um. ^JUarofch, Gip.' Vl.eA}{^AMANIA includes thefe Provinces. Lycia< Telmeffits, Patara, fXimtljus, Myrn^ )0!ympiui, Pbafelii, -Pinariti, Sec. Panphyli Pifidia.' Lycwnia. Cilida: (Attali.%, ia. <Per!a, j i.Sydt, nc now Snttillah, Affendus. now Candalor, ^tngaUJfm, i Atttioch-Pifidit, f.TemeJfus. Lyjlra, O-yftr", MDerbef Slfduru, LlcoHium, llcoHiumf now CtigHi. ' Silenut, Stnimitra, |S«/f, Ademt, kTMjus, now Theraffa^ Tte Illands on the Coafts of AJia-JMlnor, tBNEDOS, LESBOS, C H JOS now 5C JO, SAMOS, ICAH^IA, CArilMOS mvi P A L- MOSA, LE1{_IA now LEHO, CLAI{OS, ASrrPAL^A mvi STAMI OLA, CAI{PA- THVS WW SCAt^PANTO, RHODES and f Pafljot or Btiffb, CYPRUS, J Aimthui now Lymijjh, whorechicf<NiVo/;«, Capital. Towns arc / Pimagufla now Htimitciflol K, Salamii. laflly, The Principsl Rivers ot ASI A-U I N O !{,, are, tri; or Cnjahnnch, htilis Oltnigiiith or Ah, SangariusSangati or :^tgari. ^Running into ,lheii(a)w-5f(f. CydniisotCitr/ifu, -j Running into the Xmtbus ant Sirtit Sirl/i,fMedite> rarest?. Maanierftvt UtiitHirui Madrc, "% „ Granitui I 'V'"* tayfht aiit C<i)ftru i Carafou, > "'"^ j, IftrrHus ot Sambat, receiving thef '"°';"' Par-tus, Cnicui Cirmafti or C/tJlri,\ ^"■>"- , Scitkimder or Semaniro. J ^"•>go. KaTOLIA propria, containing Bythlnk, Phrj- gia, M/fia, j£olis,^ Jonia, Citria, Doris, Lydia, Gala- ti* and P/ifhlAzonia, is the mott Wcftern Part of all AJi/i, and nearell to Europe. It extends from the Coaft of the hofphorus, Prcpontii and yEgcan-Sat in the WlA, to the 64tn. Depree of Longitude in the IZaft, where it is bounded by the two Govcrnmi nts of Arrcfia and Alailulia. And from the Coall of the J.'-irvi'.-rt in the North, to the Government of C^inmnn^ in the South ; fo that this om; liegkrl cgnte, taices up a- bove the moiety of the whole Aiir.-Mi>;or, In our Peregrination thro' this Government, we Ihall bepin with BTT.HI\}.'t now Be,Jr.,.^il, as lying nextto Europe, the fmall Straight of Gouft/mti- noplCy called anciently the Tmncian Bcjphcrut, being all that intervenes ; and that too fo narrow, that Scuttin on the Afian Shora, is reckon 'd but a Suburb to Cmflhntindple, as we have already faid in our ac- count of that City. The Land is naturally a very good Soil, but little cultivated at prcfent. The Chief Towns arc, Chulcedon, altho' it be quite Ruin'd, yet its Situa- tion lying firft in our Way, and its former State dcferving remembrance, we muft fpeak of before we pali forwards, h was in its t^me, a flourilhing and very conGdcrable City, honoured with the Seffion of the Fourth General Council of the Church, and ftood two Miles from whereSruMri now hands, btit is now intirely deftroy'd, and forae Ruins only, tetain tht Memory of it ; nay, Scgniot Gimelli fays Ik found oodiing to prove there had been fuch s Qcy. '»-# 1*. 'AM '\'\A rVRKr in ASIA y. UiccmeiUn, Turc. IfiniglniU or Ifinirt, feared on the Side of a Hill, mthe midllot a delightful Plain, at the bottom of a Day ot the I'topontu, nameiiyinMi AJUcenut, 80 Miles Somh-calt from Chalcrdon ; was ancioiitly a very Wealthy and Populous City, IVc- queiitly honout'd with the Prcfcncc of t he /^t»»J» Em- perors, and is Hill Large and Populous, coritaiA- ing as Mr. T.iw.mVi. iiiturms us, joooo Inhabitami who Trade in Silks, Cotton, Fruits, tarthcn and Gills- Wares, and hath many Greek Churches, fair Mofques, and feveral Inns and neat Bazars in it. N ce, Turc. tjnich or Ni'c/w, lies to the South-e.ill cf Xiccm-din, near the AjcAnm P.ilii), or Lake ot Ac/u ; formerly rcckon'd the Metropolis of this Country, and then a very coiilidcial le City ; it was made Famous by being the Seat of the Hrit Gc- lural Council alfemblid by the Kmpcror C>jj'ti>itinr igainlt the .•tr..rt«HcrcfiCi and b) the RtiiJciiceof the Greek, Kmperors for fomc time, after the Ytac Iloo. wh-n Conj}mtintifle was taken by the l./itim. It has a cunvcnknt Haven, and the Country about it is cxceiknt f>jr Hiintinc, and affords very good Fruits and Wine, which made Sultan Amiirnih build a Seraglio in the highcit Fart of the Town, where the T/./W/.' Emperors have fouietimes relided. The prefeiit City is pictty large, and contains aboi.t 10000 Inhabitants, Gieckj, jevnt and Tiirl{i, who Trade in Corn, Fruit, Cotton, Fine-Cloth, C?r. The Streets aie neat ; and many Veltigia of ancient Noble Situdurcs aie feen about it. i' I lift 01 I') I jr. .ul Oiiiif-.i.m, Turc. Burftt,' is feated on the afcent of a Hill, about ',0 Miles South from Nice, having a pleafant I'lsin before it, ai'd the Mountain Ohmpus behind it, both covpr'd with Trees. It was the Seat ^f the TMki{h Kings, from Ayi, IJ26. till the taking ot i'mftantiho'le, at d is ftill a very Fcurilhing City, well Inhabited and en- joys a gooc. Trade, being one of the Stages of the Caravans, that pals from Alepp ■ and I'erjiit to '-'</«- J}ii>itimif<le. T.iveriiin tell US, a Caravan goLS every two Months from hence to /'tr/iij, and both he and Sir Geory^c il'tdcr, tell us the Tifk' li*e here in bet- ter Splendor, wiih refpcit to their Houfes and Fur- niture, than in other Places. The Length of this City according to 'Ih:vcnor, is half a French League, in the midlt whereof Hands a Cattle upon a Hill, which cou.mands the Town, and is exceeding ttrong fays Thcienct j but GimcUi fays, it is little frequented and goes to Ruin : This wasihc Grand Seignior's Pa- lace 1 henct Hatlis in tliisCity, are much praifed for their Virtue by Tlicvont, and G'/'»/;ctf/ dcfcribes a vciy handfonie one, at a little diltance out of Town. l.iunU'.-, feated about the mid-way between (.Vi/- ccd n and t<;ccnie.i'a, is memorable for the Death of He.niLtil, v\ho here made away with himfelf, rather than be delivered up to the Hfimnn!, as the treache- rous King of ii}tlnnia intended. MT^IA and PlIR^TGlA minor, adjoyn on the South-welt to Uuhlni/i, having the Prefantis fox the Northern bounds, the Hellejpont on the Weft, Pi:) , gill AUjir on the Faft, .and the ArcUpcl/:go and Lydin on the South. 1 he River Granicm, Famous for the tirft Battle between Alexander and Darius fought on its Banks, rifes in the Mountanous part of this Countrey and after a (hortcourfe of 50 or 60 Mi\es from South to North falls into the Prefontis. Alfo, Mount Ida whereon the Poets fay, Parit gave Judgment between the Goddeflcs, is feated here. The Chief T jwns are, 0<ifH»orf/j/^icc,by othei ■ named ?/■',.■;■», or ^pini» and by others Pah^nu. In the l{mnit tu)i«j, 1 wu the Mctroi'olis of the Confular lleUe/poii), aid wji thvn a inoft Beautiful and Strong City. Amonj? m many Noble huildiiips, the chief 1 eiuplc was (ig- nally nouble tor us Pompous Strudfure. The niit Kuin of this Place began by an Earthijiiake, anj the fallen Marbles were carried otf to einbellilh Oh- ftrtntincple, which hindred its Ke-Hrniiiiire, and it is at this time but an ordiniry Place. It (hnds on an Idand joined to the Cominent by Bridges, on the South-ealt Coatt of the Piopo>,iii, 60 Miles Welt from i\/cf, and South weft from S^icomedia, To the Weitward oi Ci-{icui in the Vnpantis^ |it$ the lllaiid i'ldcnrjjis, at a lifle diltan:e from the North Coaft of .'^i^fia ; it is about 10 Miles in Cir- cuit, and atfords lb great a quantity of Marble thic it has tlicncc rectir'a its M' dern Name, and from it the whole Pri pontii is caled the Sea of Mi\rnur,i, Ptniuw, ca\li:d Ad'njfea by liumcr, ftaads abeut lo Miles within Land, and is mentioned in Antiquity for the Colony of K^.mnin fettled there. LmiifJ.icui, feated on the Propvntis, at the Mouth of the Hc'lijpvnt over againlt Gullipuli, Famoi;s only tor being Infamous enough to defcrve Dcitru(aion, which when MexMdir had rcfolv'd on, he was hin- dred by a Wile ; for when the Ainballadours came to hini to obtain Favour, he before Hand Iwoichc would deny their Reque.'l, which gave tlicni an Cp- portunity to fave their City, by deliring him to dc- itroy it. Al))dus or i4i;)Wr, the Caftle oppolite to S'J'a, ftands at the Mo'ith of the HeUffpom ; maJe memo- rable by the Poetical Story of Hoo aiiii :..:iv.ie' ; but more memorable lor the notable Ktllibiice it \i.i&'Ao Philip oi' Meadon, and the Hcrciek Bclia- v.uur of deftroying ihtmfelvcs, when no longer able to refift. It was taken by the Tiiikj ihro' the I'lca- chery of the Governor's Daighter, about the Y ar 1330. and is ftill one of their Caftles of the .';,; ii.i- >ieli ; fo named from Utirdnnui a imall Town, which ftandi on the Coaft a little more to theSoith. To proceed, without regard to the Bounds cf J^yji", and the Phrigin pnii/t, which arc long liiKc broken down; paffiiig forward to the Souih, you enter the Region of Trcai, where ftood the City. T' oy or Ilium, ieattd on the River Scurtn.mdcr, a few Miles from the Sea-Coalt, having the Advan- tage of a very commodious Haven, made by ilic Iflaiid Tenedos, which lay along its Coalts at two or three Leagues diftance. It was in its lime a conii- derable Place, at leaft Ilcmer and yirgii have riii- der'd it fuch in their inimitable Poems, on the Wars of the Greeks againft it. The ten Yean Siege, and the glorious Ads of the Heroes on both fides, is fo much the Subjeft of every Bodies talk, that 'tis needlefs to repeat that Story. Travellers inform us, that there are ftill to be fecn the Ruins 0' its Walls, and Veftigia of its ancient Grandeur, which is fomc anfwer to thofe who look upon that Story as wholly fabulous. At prefent the Haven is choak'd up with Sand, and not at all frequented. Tro/is Alexrjtdria, Built by Lyfimachus, in Honour of Alexander the Great, ftood fome few Miles to the South. This is fuppofed to be the Place meant by the Apoftle, A(\! lo. 6. it being at that time the Metropolis of the Province, but now in Ruins, and cail'd by i\\fTutk} Atk,i-Stamboul. Scumnndrit kATOLU or ASlA^MlNOR. ' Scjiiwi.iria was a ftrong Fortrcfii, futprizcd by Oiiimnn I. aiui ever fince poflcflccl by the Vurl^i : but iiislli^lucJ, and now not remarkable. /(//d;, nicnuoncd by the Apoltlc, /idi lo. n. flandt on the South Coalt of this Province, about 10 Mile» Souih-caft UomJioAs Alexand, Farther to ihe Halt (land Palejcepfn, Antmidrct, othtrwifc call'd St. Dhmtri, AnJrimiltum or Endromit ; all featcd upon the Shoar of the Bay, which takes its Naitie from this ialt Town. They arc Sees of Chri- flian Bilhops, as is alfo I'itma, fcated on a River of the (amc Name 30 Miles more to the South. Eall froin which, about 20 Miles diflant Hands Pctf^r.mui, fcated in a fair Plain near the Banks oF the River Ouu/ ; famous in its time for being the Scatof a Race of Kings <''<: firfl whereof was I'hi- Iticiui an Eunuch, Servant to Anti^onus, one of y</«W(:i 'a Captains, who by the means of a great Wcalrh of bia Mailer's, which he fcizcd on in ius Cadlc, fet up for a King, and left it to his Brother, who being fuecceded by Sons and Nephews for a- bout 150 Years, Attalus the lall King bequeathed it to the i\cm<ini. This City was Honoured by tiie Birih of Gnlen, the famous Phylitian, and tiotcd by bcinc one of thole Seven Churches, againft whom Goil 9 Wraih is denounced by St. ?o/j». Parchment wasinvented here, and retains its Name to this Day. Alfo Tapiltry Hangines were invented by King At- talus, and firft made liere. It was alfo famous for the Noble Library crcdled by its Kings, wherein 10000 Volumes written on Parchment were placed. Its Ruins described by Dr. Smith, tenific its ancier.t (' II' ';i'; : But in its prefent State, 'tis but an ordi- nary Ijkcc, inhabited by T«i|^;, whofe M >f(iuc is an ancient large and handu>m Chriftian Church, and a few Chriltians who have a Giurch. MO LIS with IONIA, adjoyn on the South to Plrrypitrtninor, running Southward m a narrow 'I'raift along ihe Sca-Coaft, to the .j 7th. Degree of I-atitude. Itoaftituted the Proconfular W/;4 under the R^mars. In /Eolit ilood thefe Towns, £/(■<», at the mouth of the River Caicus, the Port to Pegnnuit, and the Birth-place of !^ctto the Philo- (bplicr. Myrina called afterwards Sebnliopolis. Cum.t that gave Name to one of the SyiiiUs, it was the Capiial of /Eoiu, and ftands on the Sea-Coaft. As doth alfo Plmca or P»gg'ii, feaied more to the South ; the Inhabitants of this City, are faid to have been the Founders of Marjeiilet in Fmnct, for being driven from their Country, by the Severity of the PiiJUttj, they rambled till they fettled there: It is now a finall Place, altho" the See of a Bifliop. About 10 Miles from it to the Weft, ftands another little Port-Town of the fame Name, but dittinguilh- ed with the adjun£l of Kv.i, xvhith is a neat Place, with a good Harbour and Caftle. All thefe Towns lie over aj^^ainft the Ifland Leshoi. In Ionia, which ftcetcties along the Sea-Coaft Southward from Aiolij, are thefe Towns. Smirna, TuTC. Ifmjr, featcd in Lat. 38 Deg. 40 Min. on the IJlhmus of the lonliin Peninjula, near the Gulphof the /Egeeyi-Sea, to which it gives Name, and the River Mclei which here fells into the Her- mus, and both into the Bay, on the tide of a Hill in a healthful temperate Air, and a fruitful Soil. > was eminent under the l{im/ins, and was the Seat 01 ccc of the feven Churches of Chriftians ; and has for many Aaes been a very confiderable Place on account of Trade, which makes it reforted to by Merchants of all Countries, Twkj, Gretkj, Armemuni, Pt ■', and JcBK, Ijefides I'.ioi'pf/iii Nations ; e' ily F.nglilh, many of our Merchants conlbutly ruiding there, and having a Conful fir their Protcdiion. The Town has fuHered divers Conv\illinns by Earth- quakes, elpccially one in our l).ii\ namely, '/iwe 30. 1688. about Ndon a moll UnaJ'ul one liroke oiit, which immediately ovcrtlircw the grcated I'art of the Houfes, the CalUe was fwallowcd up in i Chafm that opened under it,andthe whole Town wag very rudely fhattered : 5000 Pcrfi^ns perifhed, and an immenfe Wealth was fwallow'd up. To add to their Mifery, a few Hours after a /"ire broke out, which conUimcd almoft all that was left. But it is fincc Rebuilt, and the Merchants who had rctit'd to the Ifland CLio near adjacent arc rcturn'd This was one of the Seven Cities that claim'd to have_ given Birth to Homer, which they were fo proud of, thac they built a Sumptuous Temple to his H.inour. SirOeogeH'/jechr aivIMt. Titvemio, v»ho faw it in its flourilhing State, dclcribe it as a beautiful Place, built like an Amphitlicatre on the (idc of a Hil), which opeii'd to the Suuth-e:ift ; But Dr. SmitL who was there in 1^70. places the Modem Town in the Plain nu"'' Heaven; and fiys, the many ftately Ruins on th • -nt of the Hill, Ihcw that the old City fioud there. The Caftle was old and ruinous, fays Dr. S)niti , it commanded thcGulphfor 3 or 4 Leagues dilunce fays TfjUiTnu"^. The Haven is en- comr;": 1 wiih !>' xks, except at its opening on the Wei .ays Smith ; aid 'tis well guarded by two Ciftles fays The nut. It was rockon'd by theft- Tra- vellers, to com itn 90000 Inhabitants, and to be one of the loft conliderable Cities of all the Levant for Tride. Seignior ('•imelii was there (ince the Earthiiuakc, in the Year 169?. who*"- Account of the Stateof it is thus. ' The Compafs ct'the M'ldern ' City is about four Miles, its (hape irregular, fume- ' what drawing to a Triangle, v.hofe (idc next the ' Mountains is longcft. There is no Beauty in the ' Buildings, for they are little Hovclsafter x\\cTwl(ijk 'fafhion, vcrylow with mud Walls, rebuilt lincc the ' Earthquake- But the Xans or Caravanlcra's ' for lodging Strangers, are very large and well ' built ; the Streets arc large, and the whole City a ' continued Bazar or Fair, where nothing that can be ■ wilh'd for is wanting, either for Cloathing, Sufte- * nance or Pleafure, becaufe all the beft Commcdi- * ties of Europe and .-</ij, are brought hither and Sold ' at cheap Rates. The Confuls of Englnnd, Fiance, ' and HolLvid, live great ni ftati ly Houfes near the ' Sea. The Country about this Town, is very Fer- til and Plcafant, abounding (fays Thevrnrt) with Olive Trees, Vines, and Gardening, and the Wine is excellent. The SoapEanh near this City, isre- koned a Rarity, 'risa fatncfs boiling out of the Earth, which being boiled up with Oil, becomes excellent Soap. Among the ancient Ruins, there arc the re- mains of a H^iwan Circus and a Theatre. Cla^omeiie, noviVilnotVouila, the Birth-place of ■Anaxagoras. jV.rytln\t«, meniorable for the Habita- tion of one of the Sybil: Teos, the Birth-place of Anncreon, and Lebidus, are all fmall Sea-Ports round about the Ionian Pemnjida. CqlophoM, another of the Cities that claim Wmer, whofe Inhabitants were fo Famous ancicnly for their Skill in Horfemanfhip, that they always brought Viflory to theSidcsthey took,fo that Cohphonetn addert bcca'ne ' Proverb, to exprefs a good end of any Bu- finefs, ftands 30 Miles South from Smima. Ephcfut ..Ml- M -Vi V ' '" i \ 'hi k.^^' 8 fvkkr in Jsij, Ephefus or Efejo, Turc. Ajafahuch, altho" now but a fmall Village, was heretofore a mof^ nobla City. Itftands about jo Miles South from Smyrna ^ near the Mouth of the River Caijlrm, and the Shore of the 'carian-Se/t, which is a Bay of the JEgean. ItsSitu.j.on was delightful on theHdeof aHill, and a pleafant Rivulet, with a fine Haven at fome di- fiance ; it was under the Rj/mans the Metropolis of Mtt, and the Seat of the Primate of that Diocefs. Chriftianity was early planted in it, and Timothy was its iirjl Biihop. St. Paul wrote one of his Epi- flles to this People, which is Hill a part of our Canon of Scripture : St. John the Apoftle was Buried here ; aiMl the Third General Council of the Church was held in this City. In its more early State, ic ivas famous for the Temple erected in it to Dinna, of fo beautiful and magnificent Strii(5lure, that it was reckoned the Wonder of the World .- It was 415 Foot long, and 2io Foot broad, fopportcd by 1 17 Marble Pillars ( 17 whereof were very curioufly carved,) of 70 Foot in height ; the old Accounts fay it was loo Years in Building, but fooncr De- ftroyed by the Villanous Ambition of Hcroflmtus, who to make his Name memorable fet it on Fire, on the fame Night that Alexander }}k Great was Born. An ancient Chriftian Church, now a Turl(i/h Mofquc is flill (landing, as alfo the Ruins of fcveral others ; there are flill to be fecn the Veftigia of a /{(j»j<;» Theatre, Circus and Aquedui2, as alfo heaps of ftately Ruins, which fome fuppofc to be the Re- mains of Diitna's Temple : But with little Probabi- lity I think, for the City was in a flourifhing State, fo long after the Deftru(3ion of that Temple, that 'tis unlikely the Stones of it thould not have been re- mov'd. At prefent Efhefo is the Habitation of 40 or 50 Families only. Pricne, the Birth-place of Bias, one of the Wife Men of Greece, flood in the limits of this Coun- try. As did alfo Magnefin where Theomijlocles died in Exile. The next Province to the South of Imii, was C/ll{^Iyi with DOI{IS, now Aidintlly; furround- cdby the Sea on the Weft and South, and the River Meander on the North. The Chief Towns in it are, Miletus, now PaUtfchi/i, formerly one of the big- geft Cities, but at prefent a Place of fmall account, Itands on th';' South fide of the River Meander ; near theSea-Coaft; the Birth-place of Thales, and fome- timc the Scat of an Oracle of jlpoUo^ to whom they built a Magnificent Temple. This is the Place men- tioned, y^flj 10. Sir George (Vlieeleridli us, there arc ftill large Ruins to be feen, but the Town confills only of a few Shepherds Cottages. Near Miletus ftood the Mountain Lathmus ; where, as the Poets feigned, the Moon made her vifits to hndymion, on whom (he was enamour'd. Heraelea tid Latmum, at the foot of that Mountain towards the Sea-Coaft. Borptia, menrioncd in Antiquity for its Temple ereifted to Diant, ftands 40 Miles South from He- raclcn. Myl/iff.t, 10 Miles Eaft from Borgylie, was famous for two Temples of Jupiter ; and a Noble one built to the Honour of Augujlui Ctfar, the Ruins whereof arc (till feen, as alfo the Remains of a Colnmn called the Pillar oi Meander, and of a little Temple. Thefe three arc BiOiops Sees, as are alfo /iiny^on, /lUkind.i, Stratmice, and Alynda ; all fcatcd in tiie Limits of this Province, but none of them confidcrable enough to deferve Defcription. D OH^IS conftitutei the Southern part of Caria] and has thefc Towns. Myndm, a S^^a-Port on a Small Bay named Ja/j- cus Sinus, foimerly a fmall Town, whofe Inhabi- ta Its in Vanity had built fo large.Gatcs to it, that Diogenes bad them take care the Town d;d not run out at the Gates. At prefent 'tis the Chief Town in thefe Parts, as being the Seat cf the Turkij}} Sangiack. Halicarntiffus, Turc. Nf/J, (lands more to the South, an uninhabited heap of Ruins ( fays Sir Gmge Pplieeler) at this time, altho' fo Famous formerly ; 'twas the'Royal Seat of C4^i/T, and by Queen ^rrf. mejia was adorn'd with a Tomb, in Honour of her Husband Maujoteus, of fo Noble and Artificial Srrudture, that it was numbered among the Nine Wonders of the World. This City had the Honour to give Birth to thofe two celebrated Hiftorians Herodotus and Dionyfius, Ceramus and Cnydus on the Weft, and Crcjfa on the Eaftern Coafts, in the Southern Part of this Province, have been notable Havens in their times, but at pre- fent of no Fame. Thus we have paffed from North to South, thro' thofe Provinces that compofe the Weftern Pare of Katolia propria, we (hall now return thro' the Mid- land Provinces, and give you a view of the reft of it. LTD I A fo named, as 'tis faid from Lud the Son of Shcm, othcrwife named MOE N I A, was in its time 3 very conliderable Kingdom, and com- prehended alfo both -Co/w and /owM abovcmentioncd ; its ftria Limits lie between yEolis on the South-weft, My/ia on the North-weft, Caria on the South, and Phryfia-major on the Eafi. It was a fruitful Coun- try, being watered by four conliderable Rivers, ii>. the Citicui, Herinus, Calfirus and Meander, all which run qoite thro' the Country from Eaft to Weft ; the laft of them ihio' its many Turnings, became a Pro- verb; together \v'th the Paflo/ttj a fmaller Stream, but more fam'd by Poets on account of its Golden Sand. It has divers Mountains, but thofe too are not unfruitful, efpecially Tmolus, which is cover'd with Saffron; this was the Country of King Cf .1^1", who was fo famed for Wealth, The Chief Towns were, Sitrdis, the Regal Seat, now a poor Village, it flood on the River Pafiolus, at the foot of Mount Tmolus, about 70 Miles diftant from Sniyrt,a to the Eaft ; in Chriftianity, it was the Scat of one of the Seven Churches of Afia, and ftill gives Title to a Bifhop. It was overthrown by an Earthquake, and there are now the Remains of fome ftately Archi- tedure and imperfcdt Infcriptions to be feen. Vhiladelpbi/i, formerly the Second City, ai^d ano- ther of the Seven Churches, dignified afterwards with the Title cf Metropolitan. Sir George iViieeler tells us, 'tis now but a poor Place, and thinly Inha- bited, but Dr. Smith and others, mention it as re- markable for the Number of Chriftian Inhabitants, vi:{, 2000. who have four Churches. Twas the laft Place in thefe Parts that Surrender'd to the Vurkj, and that too not till ah-r fix Years Siege. The Greeks retain its old Name, butiheT«iitjcallit .</- laeh-She/er, or as it is corruptly written in the Mips Alakari. It fbnds on the North fide of Tmolus in a fruitful Plain, where are ftill to be feen many Marks of its ancient Magni&cence>, Tltjatirt N A TO LU or ASIA^MINOK. tuyttira, about 30 Miles to the North- weft, now called Ak}':f'tr, and fomecimcs T.x'i /?, featcJina fpa- cious and delightful Plain, near the South Bank of Hcimus, was another of the Seieii Churches, and ftill gives Title to a Bifhop. The Ruins of ancient Marble Strudturcs tcftitie its former Grandeur, but ar prcfent the Houfes are but of Turf; it is a Place of fome Trade for Corn and Cotton, and inhabited by about <ioooTurk.i. Ji.ilU-s, feated near the M.cnnilcr was a famous Gity, and a Bifliops See in the beginning of Chri- Ihanity ; but now in Ruins and called Sultan-Hifnr. Magncfir., Turc. Gu:{ithifar, fciued on the River KUitnder, about 50 Miles South from Snnlis, was a very confiderablc City in its ancient State, as ihe Ruins of many great Buildings dcmonflrate, anil is ftilla large well built Wall'd ToWn, holding a good Trade 'ith Smyrna for Cotton- Yarn. Laodiccit, a; ither of the Seven Churches, ftood on the E-flcrn limits of this Proviiicc,and fometimcs icckon'd to be in PhrygU, becaufc by Conftanthie laid into that Province : is by the Twc/^i called Eslii-Hi/r-.', and at prcfent a heap of Ruins of vefy large extent, among which arc fcen three Theatres of White Mar- ble very intire, and a itately Circus, but quite dc- fertcdand inhabited only by Beafts. (Dr.Sjn/V/j.') Dingi/ler, a very large and hajidfome TwkJJh Town, Hands four Miles South from Lnoiticca. PHl{TGIA m.ijor, at prcfent known by the Name of Cemi/in, is a Country of fome what larger Utcnt than thofe we have been fpeaking of, but its In-land Sitiistion made it abound with confiderablc Towns, even fo early as Q^, Curtius'i time. It lies between P/impbylia on the iSouth, Myfi^ on the Weft, i)thiiu» on the North, and tiaUtia or. the Eaft, and was a fruitful pleafant Country, watered by the Ri- vers Sang/triiu, Hermiis, Meander, ( which all fpting here) and Marfmi, which took its Name as the Poets fay, frc.n the MuHcian Marfias, who contended with Afoh. In this Province ftand Ccuum, now Chiiitula, the Seat of the Twl{ifl3 Bcglerbcg or Vice-Roy, who Governs all the Coian- iries we have mentioned, and the reft of Kaiolia frc- fi"; it is a conHdetable City, feated on the River Ajtln, Lac 40 D. 40 M. 80 Miles South-caft from Bm/<!. Gordium and Mid.ciini, the former the Seat of lirtlius King of I'hiygin, who tied fuch a Knot in /IfoSo's Temple, that the Monarchy of the World was promifed to him that untied it, which Akx.-tn- in cut to elude the Oracle. And the latter deno- minated fiom h)s Son Midns, famous in the Poetical Story for his Golden Willi and his Afles Ears, flood in the Northern Limits. Ajinmiit, toward the Southern Contints, feated on the Banks of the flUiDi- dtr, near its Conflux with the Marji.u, formerly a Place of great Tra<le, but now in Decay. Cohffe now Cik'-irt, on tlie South fide of the M.t/ttider, to the People V, hereof St. Paul wrote that £piftle, which is part of our Canon. Hierapolh, Turc. Banibouk- Kflc, k ned more to the Weft on the Frontiers of W'.i; altho'nowdeferted, its Ruines appear fo Mag- nificent, that Dr. Snntl< believes it to have been one of the 11' ft Glorious Cities of the World : A hot Spring i ifes here, which was in great Repute for its dealing Virtues. Symi.tdn, noted lor its Marble. Prymnefin near the head of the River Sangnnus ; .irtd Ttberiopti.is, near the Mountain Si/y/w/^ ar« tha Places' <if the chiefeft noie irr Phjgiti. G AL ATI A, now named Chingve, lies nexr to Phrygin on the Eaft, having Pitp'MgonU on the North and Pamfhilia on the South, and had its Name Galatin, from a Colony of G/i«/'s, who paf- fing thro' Grecci: into Afia, fettled firft in Pbrygia- minor and Myjia, but being driven thence by AttnUt King of Pergamus, they removed hither ; it wai alfo called Galto-Gr.ecia, from the mixture of Greekf with them. 'Twas a fruitful pleafant Country, and was the Place where the Stone Atnytlnjl faid to pro- tedt Men from Drunkennel's was found. The Chief Towns in it were, Peffmus on the River S.ingarvs, notable in Poetic Story for rhe Goddefs Cyhele^ whofe Rcfidencc was fuppofed to be here; at the Rcqueft of the R^mms^ her Image was removed from hence to their City, but it feenis, not willing to go there, the Ship that carried it ftopt in the Tyler, and could not be brought forward, till a Veftal Virgin to clear her Chaftity prevail'd upon the Goddefs, and by the ftrength of her Girdle, the Ship was haled up. Germa novf Gennalte on thclame River, a Bilhop's See. Thcrma, fo named from Its hot Bath.s, mentioned by both Ptolemy and Strr.i . Artcyra, Turc. .-/n^o.vr; on the River />Waj, formerly the chief Town of the Tcticf.igi, and famous for the Viiflorics of Pompey over Alithridr.tes, and Twiei/r.i'n over Bnj'e:^er ; a Town of good Trade at this time, which conlifts chicflv in Chamlets ; and the Seat of a Sangiack. Laftly Amtiriion or Chiongoriy a Bifhop's See ftands on the fame River Melas near its head. PONTVS and PAPHLAGONIA lay next, on the North of GnUtir., divided on the Eaft from Cappadccia by the River Htilis, notable for its fwift Current. On the Weft by the Rivet Pauhcmitis, from the Metapontus or Pmtus propria ; which iaft extended Weftward to the Rivfcr Singarius ; and were both bounded on the North by the F.uxine-S:/!. The Name Pmtns extended far, even to all the Coaft of the Euxinc-Sja, under fome diftindions. This before us, is but a fmall Part of it cut off from the reft by Paphlagoriia, fo that we Ihall confider them together. The Chief Towns whereof were, In PONTVi now Gencch. ] Hemclea Pond now Pendcijchi, a Sea-Port on the North-weft Cape of this I and, fometime famotis for the Relidence of a Branch of the Imperial Family Comneni. Ami^ ftris, now Sem.iftro, another Sea-Port at the moutn of the Rivei Partbemitis, formerly of great Strength. Claiidiopolis^ otherwife called Bitlynium, and now Cifiromena, feated within Land, formerly a Place of Strength, and ftill a Bifhop's See. In PAPHL AGONIA, now l{pni or B0//1.] Teuthramia, now Tripoli, a Port-Town at the bot- tom of a fmall Bay. Synope, now Sinabe, a large Town with a very convenient Haven io the Mouth of a River, to which It gives Name, is feated on the North-caft Promontory ; it is a Place of good Trade, and maintains a profitable Fifhery. Mithridates the famous King of Pontits, had here both his Birch and fiurial, it being fur fome time the Metropolis of that Kingdom. Ami/us bv Simifo, felted on che Coaft in the extream Eaft part of this Province. Pompeio- pclis feated within Land, pear the Southern Con- fines. Gtingitra or '^■^yrr., which ftands more 5Jorthv*atd, Was- notsme formerly for a Council C held 'M'l m m lo held in it, and is ftill a Biflioprick. lompolis now Gimpoli. Having now Travell'd thro' and furveyed all the Provinces of KntotU ftridly fo call'd, v»c ihall pro- ceed thro' the other three Parts, which we told you Kutolia or AJii^-mimr taken at large, was divided into. And here AMASI A, or the Begletbegates of Sebffliiui and 'lic:{^itondc, lies next on the Eaft to Pnphliif^oiii.T, ^vhence we laft caine ; and compre- hends the reft of I'OUTVS, under the various de- nontinations of Pcntus-Galaticus, Pontus-Polemiuincui, and Poniui-Cappndccicuj. Poutiis-Gnlnticus fo called, bccaufe it was by the Humans laid to Gnlatin : Lies on the North-caft of Galati/i, from the Frontiers of Cappaiiocin in the South, to the Banlts of the Euxine-Sea in the North, extending Eaftward to the River ThermUsn, near the mouth whereof ftands the Promontory or Cape Hcrncteuvi now Ciibo di Liwon, The chief Towns of it are, Amafin or Amnaftn, feated among Mountains on the Banks of the River Iris or Cajaiwnch, or rather at a Leagues diftance from that River ; for Tavemier fays, tlierc is a Trench cut out of a hard Rock a League in length, to bring frelh Water to the Town. It is a large place, the Capital of this Country and fomccimes the Seat of the Beglerbeg, the River which about 60 Miles below, falls into the Euxi'ic- Sm, is fo large that Ships of Burthen can come up near the Town ; but it enjoys not however much Trade, nnr arc the Buildings at all BcautifviL It is fo dcfciidcd by craggy Mountains, and the Caftlc that is iiiacreflible, except on one fide. It has been cuftomary for the Eldeft Son of the Grand-Segnior to rcfide here till he is call'd to the Throne. In its ancient State, this City was the Seat of the Kings of Cappitdocin, and fome marks of its Grandeur ftill ap- pear, in the Ruins of very Magnificent Strudlures. It is the See of an Arciibifliop, and had the Honour to gi\e birth to Strnbo the Geographer. Thcmijcyra, now Fnnit^oiin or Loio, fcatcd on the Sea-Coaft 60 Miles North-eaft fiom //;«<i/iV», is a Biftiop's See, and may have been formerly conliderable, being al- ways nam'd among the chief Cities, butatprefent 'tis but in ill State. Comann, for diftin(Sion call'd Vcnticir, feated in the South Borders, about 70 Miles from 7"/)fw;/f;)rt and about 80 from Amafia to the Eaft, is another Bilhop's See, and the next in Rank of the Cities of this Province.but now not very confiderable. Pmitui Ptolemmincus lies next on the Eaft. The Chief Towns heie are, Nnocefitria now Toc«^ the Metropolis of this Country, and the Seat of the Beglerbeg, it is a City of large extent, and well built, at the foot of a hiil, (or on a Rock as Tnvei' tier,) near the Northern Bank of the Rivet Ceranus, near 100 Milei Eaft from Anupa, with a Caftle for its Defence ; it is the See of an Archbifliop, and ac- cording to tivtrntri account, the Chriftians are fo numerous ai to have 1 1 Churcha here : He aUb tells us this. City it well inhabited, and is one of the moft remaikable thoroughfares in the Eaft, for the Caravans to and from Diarbecl^, Perfiti, Confiantino- plc, Smyrim, &C. here are feveralMofqucs, and one of late Stru(flure ii cfpccially notable for its Magni- ficence. The beft blue Tmkfy Leather is made here. The land round about this City abounds with Saffron, which ii a very valuable Commodity far- ther Eaftwaid. TVRKY in ASIA. SebajtiaotCabyrit, now Siivas, a confiderable Place of great Strength, ftands about 40 Miles South from Tocat. The Beglerbeg fometimcs refides here, and his Government is denominated from thisCny as fre- quently as from Tcc.it. This is fuppofcd to be the Country of the Aiim. 3[ons or the Feminine Monarchy, who admitted no Men among them, and yet were eminent in Wat- like Bravery. They were originally the Wives of a Scythian Army that broke into thefe Pitts, whofe Huslsands being all klU'd by Treachery, the Women rcvcng'd their Death, and maintained the Country for fome Ages. Pont us Cappndocictis, the moft Eaftern part of Pon- tiis, extends to the Frontiers of Gcorgifi, having the Armenia-minor and the upper Stream of the liiiphrnies for its Southern bounds. The chief Towns are Pharnacia, IJchopoln, Cir.iujuj, all on the Sca-Coalt in the Weftern part. And Trabe:{cind or Trap!^iis in the Eaflern part, feated alfo near the Coaft of the Blick^-Sca, in the 4id. De- gree of Latitude. A notable Place for Trade to Con- jiantinoflc, Cajfa, and other Places on that Sea. The City and Suburbs contain zoo 00 Inhabitsnts fays Gimclli, but having fufTcr'd often by Wars, par- ticularly in 1617. when the Rjiljinnt burnt it, the buildings are not confiderable. Two fmall Citadels guard the Town, but neither of them very ftrong. This City was famous in the middle Ages for the Court of the G cck^ Emperors of the Family of Cm- iiehi, held in it when the Littines had taken Confim- tinoplc. Alexius Ccvmemis firft began to reign here, An. 1104. and David Comnenus the Eleventh in Suc- ceflion was conquered, and with his Seven Sons kill'd by Mehometr.he Great, An. 1461. it is ftill the Seat of the Government of this Countrw, being the Re- fidencc of the Beglerbeg. Other Places are nam'd by ancient Geographers, but none very confiderable at prefent. A L A DULl A, or the Beglerbe^ate oF M«iV or Marofch, adjoins to that of Tr'<:hi:{md on the South, extending Eaftward to the River Eupbrates ; it com* prchcnds Cappadocia and Armenia-minor. CAPPADOCI A, is a large and fruitful Coun- try, producing Wines and Fiuit in great Plenty, and in the Mountains ( whereof a large Ridge named Anti-Taurus runs quite crofs the Country,) are found Mines of Silver, Copper, Iron and Ailumj diis Country is alfo noted for its excellent breed of Horfes. The People w- re anciently of a very Vi- cious Nature, but under Chriftianity were fo re- fonn'd as to produce Martyrs, Fathers and Saints in the Church, Gregory Na^ian^en, Gregory KyjTen, and St. B<j^//were all of this Country, as was alfo (ac- cordine to the common Opinion) that great Cham- pion of the Faith, St Gcigt Patron of our Order of the Garter. The great River KUiis whioh rifesin the Weftern limits of Gnlati.i, pafies thro' the Southern Borders of this Province and 'Armemn, and falls into the Euphrr.tes. The River lUh men- tioned as the Weftern Boundary of Ponim, and the Iris which alfo falls into the Euxine-Sei in Pmm- Galaticiis, have both .hei r Fou ntai ns here , The chief Towns arc, C^jkria or M,i:{r:c.i, now Caifar, which was the Capital of Cippadocin under ihc [{imtDii, and ihe See of St. Ba:^!!, ftands al'Oiit 40 Miles South from Jhm<, near the North Bank of the River Melas or Citb/n- quet. T.ixettiiti inform.s us 'tis a good fair .ind popu- lous NATOLUor ASIA^MINOR. lottS city Iwilt found a Rock, at the top whereof fttndsa Qftle well Oarrifon'd : It is the Stage of ail the CariVani from the Eaft, who hence difpetfe 10 the feveral Countries. K^jfo and Nit^iitm^um the Sees of the two Gifsjorys, and feveral other Cities of C-mndocU arc mentioned in Antiquity as confi- derablc, but none of them r ^ now obfervablc. The Capital of iheTurkjPj Government ftandsin tlic ^rrmnia-minor i namely, Morcfch or jytarj, Antiq. Mefem and Metita, fi- tuate near the Banks of the River Euphratet, in the Souih-eaft limits of this Government, is a large and well built City, the Scat of the Bcgletfceg, who has four Sangiacks under his Jurifdidticn j and was ihc chief Town built by the ytUHuIci, a fierce Nation which anciently inhabited this Country. The remaining Part of Afin-mimr, is the Dioceft dr Beglerbegate of CylH^A MANIA ( fo named from a Race of Kings defcended from Caramnn ) which is all the Southern Part, and comprehends ihe ancient Lycia, Pimifhytin, I'iJidU, Lyeaotiin tnd Cillci/i. LTCI .-1, now Mcntefcli, isa finall ProviiKe lying en the Coaft of the lUeditenanenn-Sca, bounded on ihe North by Phiygin'miijar ami PamphyUe, and on the Weft by Cati/i. The Mountains which are BraiKhesof XiOTH/, Pirround it on three lides, ar>d the Sea on the fourth ; it was a pleafani and flourilh- 'm Country in ancient times, but now not confide- lable. Theie were the Chief Towns, Tch/ieJJui fear- ed on a noted Bay in the Wefkern limits, whofe II^ bitants are faid to have been the firft Pretenders to imeipretation of Drean-s. Putura, more Eaft ward, 1 little Town feared on a Hill, formerly celebrated for a Temple and Oracle of ApoHo, almoft eoual to that of Oclphot. Xnnthiis, more within Land on a River of the fame Name. A^.<j, the Metropolis, fated on a high Hill at fome dittance from the Coaft, mentioned AHs 27. 5. the See of a Bilhop. Phmfclh, formerly a notable Nefl of Pyrates, now a fmalj Village nam'd Honda, and Ofympui alio give Titles toBilhops, as do liltewife Piti/t^iir, Tin, Limj/rn and ^'jiii in the tTp'land. PAMPHrUA, licJnextto I-km on the Eaft, fcaving the Medittrranean-Sen for its Southern bounds, and fifidia on the North ; it is a very Mountainous Country, in the Upland, but fruitful and pleafant on the Coaft, neither are the Mountains unprofitable, forgreat Herds of Goats that feed on theni,whore Hair makes excellent Chamleis. The chief Towns arc, *f(i/M or V.iM/'<>, Turc. J.!^(i/rj/', a Port-town con- vfniently feated on a Bay, which makes a good Hatbour, bnc of dangerous entrance, with a Caftlc reckoii'd among the principal in this Country, is a Placcofgnod Trade. Ptrga, more Eaftward, near the Mouth of the River C-ft^ius famous in ancient times for a 1 eniple to L)ia>..i : Both tbefe Towns are mcntion'd Ach 14, 25. Syde 01 '>)dtt, TwiC.Cnndd- ", another Port-town, fcated tnore to the Eaft. ■Ijfendiii, more within Land, between Pcr^a and Vf, ftrongly fituated and the Metropolis of the Country under the l^oniatn. PIS ID [.'I, lies on the North of Pamphylh, a IJnall Province, but fruitful land, being a Ptaiil amidft Mountauw. The chief Towns were, Si^g/titif- k ill the Weftern Confines, n\cntioncd by hivy for 'lie Fertility of its Fields. Antioclin-i'ii'Jiti, the Me- tropolis when under the l^tii.mt, mentioned Ads 17, 19. TermejTui ftrongly (catcd in a Straight between •Mountains. II LTCAOSIjI with IS 4 z: li I A, adjoined on the North to Pijliit, a Clumpain Country of no large extent, wherein thcfe Towns were of cincfeft note, iyjiut, on the Weftern limits where ''<:^ and Bnnmhrs having cured a Criplc, the Priefts would have otlcr'd Sacrifice to ihein as Gods, Jl-li 14. Perbr, on the South limits, whercthc fame Apoftle jPrcachcd. I/.virn:, which gave Name to th.u part of the Coun:ry, is long (ince dcliroyed. And Icenium, now C'.^ijn., the Metropolis of Lycuoiiiti formerly, and of CintmmiA now ; a large well built and very populous City, wherein the Bcglerbcg re- fides i feared in the midft of the Province, iri the 40th. Degree of Latitude, near a frtlh Water Lake, Itilcd Trvgiiis i'l-Mis 1 00 Miles North from tiie Sea- Coaft. The Skuatitm being pkalant and lecure, it was cbofen by the I'//»<c'/fe Sultans, defcended from tutlii Mefcs for tlieir Regal Seat, and continued fo from 1071. till 1261. when m that Excurfioa of the Tii'MM under H«/i/oH, the City was taken and that Royalty pull'd down. But Unalon returning Home to futxecd his Brother .1^iH^;o and A.'aMne, IL being dead without llTuc, it gave Opportunity to t'trninitii Ahfiniti, a Nobleman of the Couniry, to feize the City, and eredl a new Monarchy, which compiehendcd tliefe Provinces from hini cali'd Car.^- m:wit. Ac this Place St. P.iul Prcache.i, and it is now an Aichbiflioprick. Laftly, CIKIct,! on the Eaft of P.w;/'V;>, ex- tends albng the Coafts of the \lfdii:rtniie.n.-Siti, to the Confines of i>r/.:, near i-jo Miles from Eaft to Weft, but hartlly 50 in breadth; the Land is in fc)mc Parts very Fertile, but in others very Stoney. The Northern and Eaftcrn Borders are very Moun- tainous, and the Pafliiges between them very nar- row; which Straights being poflelTcdby the Perjians tooppole W/c.vrtn(/«, occalioned the Battle of IJJui, where the Pnfi.tnt were the fecond time Defeated. The Chief Towns here arc, Sikmis or IJhnos, feated on a River to which ir gives Name, near the Sea- Coafi in the Weltcrn Confines, a Place not notable at this time, ex.ept for being a Bifliop's See, as is alio Jodpc over againft it on the right llJe of the fame River. Scliwir.-Tiacheti, feated on the River Cnlycndnus more Eaftward, is an Archbilhops See. Phiiadeipl'iit and t'inviolopolis more Northward, give Titles alfo to Biftiops, as do alfo Lnmus, on the Rivet Latatmis ; and Si.h, afterwariis Pompeofoiis, feated near the mouth of the fame River, noted atjciently fur a Colony of Grc:k} who in procefs of time, Ipoke their own Language fo corruptly, that from ijicm any prepofterous Expreffion was cali'd a Solefcifm. Pr.rfui, the Metropolis of this Province^ and the See of an Archbifhop, ftands on the Rivet Cydnui, near its Mouth into the {{>}cvma-Lakf, in the Lat. 36. 50. m. near the middle of the Provinces The River having paftcd thro' the Lake, flow* for- ward in a pood large Stream into the Sea, which makes it a good Haven, and renders the City a place of Trade ; 'tis now called' T/fi.'Mj|7"«, and fometimes by the 'Vuik,i He>n/,i, and' was the Birth-pltce of St. Pttid. Adcn/t, feated more to the Eaftward, in a fruitful Soil both for Wine and Corn, and thatefore retorted to by Travellere for Ptovilions to carry them over the Mounrains. Mop/ufjh, near the Sea-Coaft, amientlya Pla^eof good account; and on the ex- ircam Eaftern Frontiers.r/T/u, now Aiii:(:{o or Li)jit:(^t>, feated on a Gulph to which it gives Name, is a neat Town, with a good Haven: Famous in its time for thr /faitlc fought near it, between Alexundtr and C z Dm'-i 'M% i,-. It T^RKr in AStJ. Darius, wherein the former with the lofs of i oo mentioned by ancient Authori as conGderabIc ; but Mei^ defeated the mighty Army of the latter, and they arc declined, and at prefent unknown, fo «,p kill'd above I ooooo ot hit Men, as the Writers of muftpafsthem " " '" this Princes Life declare. Several In-land Cities are over, and here finilh out Account c jtSl'A-MmOl(. CHAP. II. 7he ISLANDS ontbeCoafiof ASIA-MINOR. ']|*hESE IQandswere in the floHrifhing Times of * Gretce and ^me very confiderable, but Jince the yiirki have been Mafters of them, they are very much declined; they lie diftributed on the Coaft from Nonh to South in this Order. TENEDOS, called Bo/c«W4 by the Turkr, lies at the mouth of the HelleJ^ont, over againft Trois or Phrygiif-mimr, not above two Leagues from the Shoar, and made the Haven to Troy, which is now choak'd up with Sand. The IHand is ;o Miles in circuit, and contains many Villages, and one large Town of the fame Name, with a Caftle which defends the Port j the Coaft is Rocky, but the Mid-land is good Soil, and produces Mufcadine Wine. The Greek? leur'd behind this Ifland, when they pretended to quit the Siege of Troy, and lay by till their Plot took cffeift, and then in the Night return'd. LESBOS, now Metetino of much larger extent, lies more to the South over againfl the Gjail of Lydia; it is near 60 Miles long, and reckoned 160 in circuit ; the Soil in forne parts Rocky, in others very Fruitful, prodii ng excellent Corn and Wine. Mcteline, the chief . own ftands on the North fide on a Rocky Promontory, which makes two fcveral Ports, which are both defended by a Caftle on the Hill, and a Fort at the Foot of it, the Caftle is well Garrifon'd, and is an Arfenal of Stores for the Gal- leys that Cruifi: againft Pirates ; this was formerly a City of beautiful Strudlure, but at prefent confifts only of ordinary low built Houfes : The Venetians were long time Mailers of this Ifland. CHIOS or Scio, lure. Saki/idaci, lies on the South of Letltoi, over againft the Promontory of Ionia, in the fame Latitude with Smymtt, of 100 Miles fSo fays Thevensf,) in circuit; it is a fruitful Soil, producing Corn, Oii, Honey, moft delicious Wine, Silk, and efpecially the Gum-Maftick out of the !<•«( J /(-Ti-tf in very great quantity, which yields a vafl profit to the Inhabitants; the Land is Hilly and Stony, and wants Water, having few Springs and very little Rain which checks the Fertility of it ; the People are remarkably Merry and Gay, and the Women very handfome. The Chief Town Scio, is pleafantly fcated on the Eaft fide of the Ifland, and had a good Haven, fortified by a ftrong Caftle, but tlie Haven is in decay, and the Town of very ordi- nary Strudure, altho' formerly a good City, which claim'd Homer, and pretended to fhew his School near it. The Genocjc's were Maftcrs of this Place till outed by the Jurkj ; the prefent Inhabitants, arc chiefly their Ortipring and Greeks, who occupy 30 finall Towns and Villages, (or 60 according to Thcve- mt.) under the Government of a Tic/;//?! Garrifon reliding in the Caftle. The l^cnetiam tookthis Ifland in the late War, /in. 1 694. but loft it again the Year following. SAMOS, lies on the South-eaft of Cl.'ius, over a- gainft the Coaft of Ionia, in the 1-atitude of Hphrfui not above 1 Leagues fepatated from the Coaft, and about 80 Miles in compafs ; it is furrounded with Rocks, but fhe Mid-land is fruitful in Corn, Oil, and Fruits. The chief Town, Sumo ftands on the South-eaft part, near a fair and commodious Havni, but now little frequented by reafon of the Pirates, who fo much infeft it, that the Town from a Popu- lous and well Inhabited City, is become a forry Village. It was an eminent Free-ftate, and the Birth-place of Pythngorai. ICjiRJA, novi Nic/triit, lies on the weft of 5itmej of much fmaller extent, and not at all conGderable, being deftitute of a Haven, and therefore notvifitcd by Traders. The Inhabitants are about 3000 in num- ber, are Poor and maintain themfelves by diving for Spunge, with which they pay their Tribute and ur- ry on a Commerce. (Thevenot.) PAT HMOS, now Palmofi:, lies On the South of Uaria a great diftance from the main Land ; it is a mountainous and woody Soil. The chief Town fts^nds on a Mounuin, with a Haven at its Foot. where Ships arrive with Provifions, which thellland dees QOt fufliciently produce, and where the Vmetinn Fleet ufed to Winter during the Siege of Ce.ndm. The fterility of the Soil, made it always v place of little refort, and therefore it was ufed ' he t{omihi asa placeof fianifliment, under whici. lilhment St. John refided here and wrote his Revel n. LEH^IA or Lero, and C X, .^ j^O J, no. far from it, lie both to the South of Pathmos ; the former is the larger, and has two Havens ; the latter has a very high Mountain, but neither of them atibrd any thing worth mentioning. COOS or COS, now Lango, or Ifola-Laiign by the Italians, and Stinco or Stanchio by the Greth and Turl{s, is of larger extent, being about 8» Miles jn Compafs, lies North and South over againft the Coaft of Doris, in the Lat. 36. It is a pleafant m\ fruitful Land, lying in a declivity from the high Grounds in the Eaft, which affords a beaut.. J Frofpeift, and produces rich Wines, the Turpentine- tree, and other ufeful Plants, with Woods of Cy- prefs-trecs, wcllpreferv'd by the TmhI^j. Thechuf Town of the fame Name feated on the Eaftctii Coaft, is large and fortified with a Caftle, having 1 Haven fecured by a good Mole, and well giiatJeil from Pirates by Gallics. The Ships from i;^;;' w Conftaminople commonly touch here : This was (lie ^ Birth-place of Hypocmtes the Phyfician, and ''/'-'i'" the Painter, and was celebrated in Antiquity, foi » rich Temple of /Efculf.pius. ASrrt'AL£.i, 7 he i/Iands on the Coafl o/"' A s i A - M i N o R . 13 ASTTP AL/E /l,noviSt/impn!a, lies on the South- weft of Ccoj, more ou: to Sea ; it is an Ifland of a- fcoui ^0 Miles in circuit, and has a Town pf the fame Name in the South-Coa(t,and two good Havens. CARI'^^'^HV^, now Scarfnuto, liestaroutto Seaon the South of Ooris, about the fame magnitude with the former, but not at all confiderable, being a IVlountainsus and Rocky Soil, and but poorly in- habited. The chief Town of the fame Name, lies on a Haven in the Weft-Coaft. Divers fmall Iflands lie difpers'd on the Coaft, but arc not conlidetable enough to defcrvc notice. RHODES, an Ulind of great Fame in former Days, and ftiU as confiderable as the Tuil(i/h Tyran- ny permits any Place to be, lies on the Coalt of CanVj and Lya.i from the 35th. to the 36th. Degree of La- titude 100 Miles in circuit. It is a nioft fruitful Soil, producing ( at leaft formerly) the ncheft Wine and all forts of delicious Fruits : And for the Sere- nity of its Climate, t' being daily Sun-(huie ) faid to be beloved by /Ipoih, to whofc Honour a vaft Cotoffus was eredcd, wliich was one of the Wonders of the World: It was the Statue of Afollo in Brafs 70 Cu- bits high, which itood aftride over the Haven, fo high that the Ships fail'd between his Legs, It was 1 2 Years in making by Charci its Architedl, and af- ter 66 Years ftanding was oveithrown by an Earth- quake, ^odes the chief Town, (lands on the Eaft fide of the Ifland ; it was formerly a Place of great note, and ftill not contemptible, being pleafantly feated on the fide of a Hill, three Miles in circum- ference, and well Fortified with a treeble Wall and a good Caftle, the Streets are wide, ftraight and well paved; the Houfesof fqnared Stone, after the Im/i'/ib manner, and the Bazars or Markets are well futnilhcd. Its chief Haven is Commodious and Safe, and very ftrongly Fortified ; on one (ide of it, ftands an old Caftle built by the Knights, and on the other fide a fquare Tower built by the Turks ; which altho' 50 Foot afunder, (land on the two Places where the two Feet of the Colojfus ftood . Befides this, ther- are two other Ports for Gallics, which are alfo well fecured by Cannon. ( Thevenot ) In the middle Ages, this City and Ifland were poffelfed by the Re- ligious Knights of St. "John of Jerufalem, many of whom were notable Champions in the Holy-War : And very cfpccially renowned for the brave Defence, they made when the City was befieged by the Turl^s, firft in the Year 1480, when after three Months vi- gorous Attack, they were forced to retire ; and dur- ing the fccond Siege in 1511. wherein So/rmijn, II, in Pcrfon, with a Fleet of 400 Ships, and 100000 Men, were lb well refiftcd, that they were ready to depart ; if a Traytor in the Town had not inforin'd him of its Weaknefs, and cncourag'd him to another Attack, wherein he fuccceded, and the Ifland has ever fince ''':en (ubjcft to the Turt(t. The Knights who were denominated from this Ifland, removed to Malta, which was granted to them by the Emperor Chttrlei V. and the Succelfion of them continues thereto this Day. CYPRUS, an Ifland excecdinely larger than any wc have mentioned, lies extended from Eaft to Weft near 100 Miles along the Coall of (Ui'ii, at the diltance of about to Leagues. It was formcrlv a rich and flourilhing Country, producing Wine, Oil, Corn, Sugar, Cotton, Honey, Wool, Metals, and many other ufcful Commodities ; Govern'd by its own Kings, of whom there were no Itfs than Nine when Cyrus firft Conquer'd it. Aftcrw.irds it was Subjcdled by the I'tohni/i of Egfpr, and again by the Homnns, in whofe Succelfion it was poIfL-lfed by the Conjlantinopolittin Emperors. Our King RJchitrH I. being provok'd by the ill treatment of the Inhabi- tants, at his arrival here in his way to the Holy- Land, fet upon and Conquer'd the Ifland, and con- ferr'd the Royalty of it on Guy de Utyfii^tntn, Anno 1 191. whofe Poftetity reigned Kings of it foi 17 Generations, After thefe the Venttians were for fome time its Mailers. But Laftly, Se'ymus II. Con- quer'd it, An. 1 57 1, and ever fince it has been pof- rc(red by the Turkj- The Ifland was by the ancient Geographers di- vided into four Parts, vi:^. Paphia to the We(t, Ansa- thufic, to the South. /./!/;f/j4 to the North. And So/i- mcna on the Eaft. Under the Luyjinan Kings, it was divided into twelve Counties denominated from the twelve chief Towns, which were, Kicofm, Fatna. gufta, Paphos, Audima, LimiJJ'ii, Maforum, Salines^ Mrjforir, Crufocus, Pentnlia, Citrpajfus, and Cerines : Befides which there were no lefs than 800 Villages; 'tis ftill fo confiderable as to be the Government of a Beglerbeg, who has 7 Sangiacks under him. Its chief Towns at prefent are. Pathos or li,tffo, feated near where the old Ptiphin ftood, on the Wellcrn- Coaft. Amathus now LymiJJo on the Souihcrn-Coaft, the chief Port in the Ifland. Nicofia or Leucofia, the Metropolis feated in the middle of the Ifland, the Seat of the Kings anciently, and of the Beglerbeg now, a large and populous City ; it was formerly 9 Miles in circumference, but at prefent but 3 Miles round, as we are told by Tavemier j the Walls are Tcrtafled, and in a good pofture of Defence : The Ciry was adorn'd by the VcnetUni, with many fair Palaces, but the Turk.' pull them down as they de- (\ty ; the noble ancient Cathedral of Sr. Sophia, is now a Mofque ; the Greeks have four Churches here, the Lntines two, and the Armenians one ; it is the See of an Archbirtiop, who has 3 Suffragan Bifhops, at Paphos, Lnrne^a, and Ccrents. F.imagujia or Ha- macolios, feated on the Eaftern-Coaft, on an excel- lent Harbour, is a Town of good Trade, and two Miles in circuit ; it was notable for its good De- fence againft the lurkj, and is ftill the Bulwark of the ifl/md, having good Walls keipt in repair, and a very ftrong Citadel for its Defence ; the Turkf have turn'd all the Churches to Mofques, and per- mit no Cbriftians to inhabit the Town. {Tavernier} The old Salamis, out of whofe Ruins Frtmagufta was built in the middle Ages, flood a little on the Nonh- eafi, and its Ruins bear the Name of Porto Conjian:^o, for the Town wasfonictimecalledCo»/?4n/«/t. Laftly, Cerents, a Bifhop's See is a fmall City dcftitutc of Walls, but has a Fortrcfs by the Sea fide, with« Gai- lifon ill it. 'Nil for a CHAP. m h-.m «4. rVRKr in /iSU. C H A p. III. 0/ S V R I A in Central^ Amitttt and Modern, and of SYRIA and PHOENICIA in particHlar. CYRIA, another large "art of the Tmklfh Em- *^ pire in Afm, lies next co K^tolin on the South- eaft, under which general Name are comprehended not only S^ria properly fo called, but alfo Phankin and PaleJUne or the Holy-Und. And thus iinder- ftood, its Boundaries are, on the Weft the Mcdi- terranenn'Sta; on the Eift, the River Euphraiei, 'vhieh parts it from Mrfimamia or Durbeck, and Atitbia-Deferta ; on the North, Mount Amanut and a Branch of Mount Taurui, which divides it from Cilicin and Armrnid-mimr } and on the South Arabia Peireit ; in which extent it is reckoned 420 Miles from North to South, and 180 from Eaft to Weft. Syria^ otherwife call'd Sourie and Souiiflim, and |by the ancient H'-hnnj Ar/im or Ckaram is the Northern Part, denominated as it is faid from the City Tyre, or otherwife written Tfur, and melted in- to 5ui-. The Hehiew Name was derived firom Aram, the Son of Sem, who is fuppofed to have firft Peopled it ; the Air is Healthful and very Temperate, being feated in the Fifth Climate, between the 33d. and the 36th. Degree of Latitude; and the Soil deep, level, and fruitful, producing Corn, Grapes, Figs, Oranges, Lemons, Dates, Medicinal-Herbs, Silk, and other valuable Commodities. Syria was * Kingdom governed by its own Princes intbetitr'e of David King of Jud^a, as we find in Holy Scripture in the Relarion of his Wars ; a Race of thofe Kings fucceeded till A. M. jiio. when Tig- tilth Pi/efar took OamrfcNt, and ftew J^c^jh their King ; after which it became part of the great Mo- narchy of the Ajjy. iaiit • and upon the Perfian Ac- quilitionnf thatMonarrhy, became fubjedk toCyrus and his Succcfibrs, with the reft of Ditn'm'a Domi- nions Conqu^r'd by ^Icxandn , and after his Death .•nade a (ieparate l^ingdoin by Seieucui Nicauar, about 4. At. 3633. A.' .-.til! I hi. 317. whofe Pofterity wore the Regal Dignity i',o Years.after which it was Conquer'd by (he /( i».iwj about /?. M. 3865. under whom P/'a'«/c;'/j and <v)m were thus divided, vi:(. Syiin, divided into, i. Ccrkjyria or Syria-Cavtu, becaufe a hollow Val'cy between tlie Mountains. 3. Antiochcue called alfo 'sc'.fiicii, trnm the two Cities of that Name, (cated towards the Sea Coafl and the Borders of I'ianicia. And 3. Gjiw.iijcm/i on the North of Cfi'ojii in towards the River Etifhmtes. \n the limits of C-vlc/yiM ftood the famous City Palmirir, wlrofe Ruins vifited a few Years ago, srid defcribed by Dr. Ualli/ax, Chaplain of the Fadory of Atippc, teftifie its ancient Grandeur ; it was the Capital of a Country to which it gave Name. Bcrea, the Modern ■Aleppo, ftandsalfo within its Bounds. The Aniiociiene had its Name from the famous City Amioch, Mctrpp9lis of the ^mm Dominions in thefe Parts. Stttuci.1, LnoHicea, and /tlexandretta, now ScanJeroott, tvrrc alfo feated in its limits. Comagena, the moft Northern Part of Syria betwecnCi/iciu and Euphrattt^ had Som/ifotit for its Capital, feated on the Rivet, which together with Germiminn on Mount Amanui andSi«i;«, were its chief Cities. Pljrenicia, was divided into Pbitniciii propria vil Mnritima, and Panicia Lil'.nii ; the former was the Weft Part on the Sea-Coaft, where the famous Cities of Tr>r and S>'(y.'«w ere feated ; the latter more to the Eaft, between the Mountains Libanut and Anti-Lilm- nu!, whofe Metiopolis was L> :maf:ui, andinits limits ftood HtliofoHs, now vulgarly calfd Bnliec; whofe magnificent Ruins were lately view'd and defcribed by the very ingenious Mr. Manderilt, Chaplain to the EngUp} Fa<5tory at Alcjipo ; to whofe printed Relation we refer the Reader, for an ample Account of the prefent State of it and Damafciis, and feveral other very juaicious Notitia of thefe Parts. The Ancient State of Palejiinr, we (kalirpealf to more pjrticularly anon. This Country is famous for its Mountains, where- of a Chain runs crofs ir on the North, vi^. the Amanui on the Frontiers of Cilicia, and a Branch of Taurus which divides i-omngena from jirmenia-mimr • and more to the South, Libanus, famous for its Cedar-Trees, Frankincenfe and Honey, a high Ridge of 1^0 Miles in length from the Sea-Coaft Eaftward, Craggy and in fome Parts fo high, as to be always cover'd with Snow. Arti-Libmuis., bend. ing to the South-caft, isdivided froni :he former by s fmall Valley only, and may juHly enough bereckon'd part of the fame. Cn inel and the other lingle Mounts frequent here, we (hall mention in their Places. Kivers, here arc few, the Oionfjr, SingojoT hfaifin.-, FJcurhcriiis and Jordm, are the chief, and thofe of 110 very long Courfe. Upon the decline of the R^man and Confiiuitinii- politan Empires, Syiir: became the Prey of iheSarA- y^ii ; who under I-fr.umar their third Calif li feiaed this Country, w. ('. 636. Afierwaida it was partly Con- oiucr'd by CuCu Mtj.i, the Tn'A> andiaRace«f Twr^i//; Kings "oKci'.bd the Land, and kept their Regal Seat at Itamrlcm, till Conquer'd by the Tartan, who were outed by the Mnmaluks, which laft:, altho' ex- pell'd by Tnmerlr.n, recovered and held it till 1516. when Selinn-s the T«r<[ by the Cnnqueft of C«'«y«» Gaurui, gain'd Datinfchi and all the Country, which has been ever fince fubjci.'V to the Ottoman-Port. In its prefent State, Spia is but forrily cultivatcdl altho' irij natural Fertility, produce excellent Fruitt, among which Figs in ncrfediion. The Cotton-Tree is alfo j)lenty here, and affords a great Profit to the Inhabitants. Their Sheep are remarkable for their monftrous Tails, which arc both broad and long, fo as to drag on the Ground, and weigh near 30 Pound. And the Silk- worm givcsthe Merchant a great Profit. Thefe, bcfides Corn of all forts, Herbs and various ?lants ; among which, that which bears the Gnh ufed in Dying, the Ahts, Opium, (£c. are the natu- ral SYRIA. 15 filPtoduas of this Country. But the Tw^iyh Ty- ranny hinden i« being fuficiently Peopled ; «nd therefore many Placei where ancienily famoui Gtiei flood, arenowbtttiuinouiDeCirts. In its Government, ■*/"<» ii divided into Tt*D Begletbegates, vi^. of Aleppo and Tripoli ; and Pi- ^I'm anoihei^ f >{• the BeglerbcBaie of Damafcm. That of ^/f/^" being fubdividea into Nine San- giacks, that of Tripoli ^nio Four, and that of [>*• mafcut into Tea. A T A B L E of the Division of STKIA, Remarkable Places. and the moft S}ri* Aritijua, divided into Three PJuti, vi^. Chief Citift „ , - . tPalmjra, Calofyna. \BtrtM. Amiochene. SselJiiciJ, „ , o". SLaodicea, Seleucis iAUxandretta. (SamofaU, Comagena. <GermaHina, Tke Chief Cities of Syria, defctibcdinthe following Pages. Seimffit, or Samofhte, G«rm4nie«, AUffo, or Biria, ScamUnan, or Altxtmbitu, Antathi», or Antitcb. LMichta, or Laodicett, Vtrit, or Seltfsia, Dapumt, or Apnmea, Hamfi, or Emt/i, F/tjd, Paltnfray otTtdmtr- Pbanicia Antiqua, divided intO> Phoenicia Marit. CT>>-f, ^.'•Gallilea <SiWw, Gent. {Ptolemais. Phoenic.Lban. tDamafiut ceu Syto-?h(xmc!lHeliopolit, ThcGbief Gdcs of nodimPJiffniViV: Tripolit; CiMitto, Baruti, otBnytuT, Ssjd, ot Sidoft, Sur, otTjfTt, Acre, Aeon, or Ptolmaitl Damgfiu/, Batbtc, or HtUofolit, m 'Hi Paleftina Anti^. ut fub ^pman. Cis Jordan. 'Pantiat, Gallilee. Capernaum, Julias,Bethfaida, Tiberiat, Taritheit, Caru, Na:^areth, ^ . fSamaria, SimmZ.\f^eapolij. r Hierofohmn, \7ofpa, \Afcalon, :LA:{otut, JLidda, f Jericho, \ Bethelem, ]udxa. Ultra Jordan. /" Auran, Trachonitu.^g-K orlwna. ^p^^^^ ^Julias. tTMtcherut, _ jPhiladelpbia. Petea. <Uviaj, (.Callirrlxt. rCapMvpi, Idumaa. ^Ganurari), lEt^a. The Chief Cities aod Places in Modern Tboron, Belfort, Montfort, 'Mantrojal, NaJira 6tli*:(»eth, Saffet otTiberiat, Eliefan or Bethfan, Naflofa or Sichem^ Jaffa 01 J<fpa, JBI{^V5ALBht, Bttbelem, Etitdbil or Htbrm'^ AcaroH, A:{ptui, Afailtti, Ga^/ira or Ga^^a. T proceed in our Travelling Method, we will begin with Comagena, which is the moft North- ern P»rt of Syria, and adjoyns to Cilicia, whence we lall came; whofe chief Towns are, Somafata, now Seempfat, feated in the very North limits near the Bufhrates, Once the Capital of this Country, but now in poor State, the Birtb-pUce of Lucian, and Paulus the Heretick. Gemunica, on the Weflera limits a Upman Colony, nam'd in Honour of Ger- manieut by Augiiflus, the Birth-place of Nefioruuxbt Heretick. Aleppo, the Capital of all this part cSSjria, ani the Seat of the Bcglerbeg, is a moft flourifliia^ large and populoui City, reckoned the beft of aS Jkrky, ( m 4 !. p' ' 1 ■' 1 m ( ill III ■ '1 -^ m ll j'tfijl 1 1 m' till! ^li i mi B .i 1, 16 TVRKr in ASU. Turkic, next to ConJliiMitiople and Gr/ind-Ciiiro. It is leated upon four ihiall HiHs, in ihe midft of a plea- iantPUin.on the Banksof the River SiW./«,in the La- titude of 36. D. Long- 58. 45. the firll Meridian being placed in Fena InJI. about 80 Miles (28 or 30 Leagues, fa\ s Theveriot ) Weft from the River Ku- pbrtiies, and 60 (21 Leagues, 'i'hevenot) E a It from the Coafts of the .<i>,Mn.5ta, and about 70 Miles South from Mount T.wiui, and the limits of /!>- menia-tniner. By teafon of its convtiiient Situation, it wai long fincc made the Staple of Trade ; for by the Gulph of Ortrim, and the Eufh-.ta, The Per- fmiJ, Inaiam, Arjliam, Armenians, Sec. brouBlit hi- ther all the rich Jewels, Silks, Drugs, and other Commodities of India, Verfi/t, Armenia, /IJJyria, &c. which before the Difcovery of Navigation to the Eaji-Indics, reiidcr'd this Trade vaftly richer than it is now : however it is ftil! thr Market for the richeft Connmodities of Enroft, brought hither by the Eng- I'/h, Dutch, French, Venetians, Gencuefc's, (^c. by the Meditcmmaii-Sen and the Port of Scanderoon, and hence vended to Pt'fia, and divers Parts of Turkj:y j alfo the beft Goods of thofe Countries, fjch as Raw-Silk, Cotton, Grogram-Yarn, Calls, divers forts of Orugs, He. fent thence to Europe. Tb; Englifl] Merchants have a Conful here as at Swim* and are always treated civilly, the EngHpi Cloth being a Commodity of great Efteem among the Thrl^s. The French, Dutch, and other Nations have alfo their Confuls, who have free accefs to the Go- vernment, to make Complaints of any Injuries or Grievances. The Description of the City according Tavernier is tluis. Aleppo is built upon four Hills, upon the liighelt whereof ftands the Callle, which is large but not fti ong ; the City is furrounded with Walls of Frcc-ftonc, which arc three Miles in Cir- cuit, in the Walls are ten Gates j and beyond the Walls are large Suburbs which are veiy Vopulous. A Rivulet runs by the City, which waters the Gar- dens, wherein grow abundance of Fruit, Pifta^hcs, Figs, Pomgranates, is!c. btlides which the City is fupplied with Water from tw(i Fountains at a di- ftance. The Buildings either Publick or Private ap- pear not handlomc, but are well adorn'd within fide with Marble of divers Colours, fretwork Cielings, and golden Infciiptions. The Streets arc Pav'd ex- cept the Bazars, where the Merchants and Mccha- nicks have their Shops ; and are narrow, with a Horfe Road in the middle, and Foot Caiifeys on each fide. In the City are 26 Mofques, whereof fome arc very Magnified/; and three Colleges with Learned Men, to whom Salaries are allow'd to teach Grammar, I'hilofopby, He but there are few Students. The chief Ma^ufadures of tliis Town is Weaving of Silk and Chamkt. The Suburbs arc very well Peopled anu Inhabited chiefly by CbrijHant, of whom there are Cieeks about 15 or 16000 Souls who have an Archbilhop, Armenians about iioco with a Bilhop.VrtMMjVc'j 1200 depending on the Pope; and the Upmau-CatMici^s have three Churches, ferv'd by Capuchins, Cainielites inA Jrfuites. And in the whole 'tis commonly rcckon'd, that in City and Su- burbs, there .ire not lefs than 250C00. A vafl Trade is carried on here in all Europtan Commodi- ties, and in Silks, Chamkts, GaUs, Rhubarb, Gal- banum, O|:oponax, Styrax, Scammony, and other Drugs, ^<n. The City is governed by a Bafl>a, who has a Guard of 300 Men, there is alfo anAj^a with 400 Mm, who Commands without as well as within the City,.- aGovcrnom with 1 00 Musketeers, who have the Care of the Cannon in the Caftle, which are 38 pieces, an Aga or Captain of the City 1 om- manditw 300 HarquebiuTiers, and a Soubajht u;.iicf him. For the Civil Adminiitrauon, here are xCiS or Judge, *'£efterdar ot Treafurer, a J^Uifii.ivAi Cheil(_ or Dodor of the Law ; here is alfo a Ci JVi-,- or Monaftry of Dervifes. To fupply what he has omitted, take the following Account from Tlicmot- Aleppo is a large City of Oval Figure furroufidcd ^vith Walls, which are a large Hours Walk in cii- •uit ; they arc built on a Rock, but not very flrong and are in fome pariii cncumber'd with Buildings. The Caftle in the middle of the City, isalloofOtal Form. The Buildines are better than ufual in Turlify, the Publick liave generally Dome-Ruofs and the private Houfcs arc of white Stone (ivhercoi they have large Quarxtes near the Town ) with f!,i: Terras-Roofs, and arc beautiful within (ide, having large Halls with Fountains in the midll, and Rooms very well adorned. Among many fair Mofques tin- great one is cfpecially remarkable for its fine Stru- aure, and large Coun furrounding it, enclofcd by an arched Gallery; this was formerly the Church ot St. John Damafcene, whofe Pulpit ftill remains. Here are many fair Khans or large Inns for Strangers; in the chief whereof the Consuls of £w.i{,'<inif an J F' .ow rclide, which is a very good large Bull ling, with a Court be- fore It lliut up with two great Iron Gates. Near the City grow excellent Grapes, whereof the Fimlf^s j^J others make a rich Wine, bringing the Grapes lioaie and Prcfs them in their own Houfes. The Airis thin and wholefonie, but exceeding hot in the Summer Months, during which time there is not only no Rain, but even no Dew in the Night, fo that (hey flccp on the TcrralTes in the open Air ; Provifionsare very plenty, and the Place pleafant to dwell in . Thus far ThevcNct. Concerning the natural Produfls, take a word or two from Dr. l{auviiolf: altho' Altf- po be furrounded with rocky Hills ai.d chalky Valleys, there grows plenty of Wheat and Bar- ley, the Harveft begininng in April or Mi/, but there is few Oats and lefs Grafs, the Soil being too dry and fand;^ ; the Valleys arc full of Olivc- Trecs, and Capers grow very common ; in the Gardens and Orchards, grow much Fruit of de- licate kinds, as Almonds, Piftachcs, Figs, Oranges, Lemons, Citrons, Pomgranates, He. but Apples, Pears, Cherries, Goosberries, and other Fniiuof our Gardens rri not common there. In the Kitchen- Garden, they have various Sallading of out forts. Colly-flowers, Hartichokes, Turnips, Radith, Gar- lick, Onion, Muskmclons, Water-Melons, Kidney- Beans and other Pulfes, with many other edible Herbs and Fruits. Scandcroov, Antiq. Alexandretta, is a Port Town feated on the Sea-Coaft, at the bottom of the Gulf Laia:{^a or Sinus Ijjicus, near the foot of Mount Amanus, and at the mouth of the River Sold' at about 60 Miles Weft from Aleppo ; it was founded by Alexander the Great, in Memory of his Vidory at Iffui mentioned in our Account of Cilici.t, but it is feated in a Marlhy-Soil and moll unwholfome Air; which has render'd it of a good Traded Town, a poor forry Village with a Stone-Houfe, where the Officer relides that receives Cuftom for the Goods laiwed here from Europe for Aleppo, and a few ordinary Houfcs where fome f'adors refide, to give advice to the Merchants of Aleppo of the arrival of Ships, and to land the Goods. The Method of Advice is Angu- lar, namely by Pidgeons; who being bred at Meppi and •P HOE N IC I A. i^ and brought hither, Hy back wiihimt ftopping, and fo a Letter being tied to their Leg, is vcrj fafcly conveyed. In fortner times, tlie linajicnn Ships ufed ^ ' '" ■' but the cne'li 01 tne luunicy, ninitvLini; uii. v-.i^avaiis to to import at Tiifoli, the Giods for Ahj'po, b Icng'h of the Journey, fr.bjcctinp thi' Cirav; Robberies from the Aif.hi.-.m ; nil the Shippiii;^ now come to SciMific'Con. HciKe travelling Southward, wcenter the STi^\.l Piopiiit, wherdftanJs AiitLch fiirnamcd the Great, by the ancient Gieekf nJiiicd /;/'/./<r;'/.i»c,fioiu theCJrove and Oracle of /Ipollo, called D-iPhie adjoining to it,'tis ftill call'd Amr.clnn by the Tuvkt ; aivl now but a poor Town, featcd on the V^'wtt UnfidimOrontci. In its aniicnt Staic, 'twas the Sent of the Kini;S of S)///;, an^! a large Popu- lous and well Fortified City, the Place where th« Difciplcs were firlt mmcd Chriftians, afterivards tlie Scat of a Patriarch of great Reputation : Honoured fomctinics with the prcf.n^c of the l\em.m Km- pcrors, and the cnnftaiit Scat of the Pr.tfcdui Vr.t- toio Or'ciitij. Taken by the Turk,!, asalfobythc Mnimlukc!, recovered by the Civijtii-.m, /hi. lopS. anj governed by liol>:)iiu>id Prince r.i 'I'orrmrum and hisSucfellbrs, till An. iiic. aftcrwarJs made part fif the Kingdom of 'JnuJ.ilon. But finally taken by ilic 'Dokj in 1 188, wiio have ever lince pofleired it, and permitted its(Jlory to pafs away, fo as at this time to (hew only the Ruins (if its ancient Grandeur. Theother chief Towns of this part of Sy'ia, arc Sf.ucit, now call'd I'crin, foiinrfed by5t'/f«i)/j X/- c.tt:iii, and furiueily a confiderable City, and Hands more to the South of Alcppc. Lavdicea or Ltttichea, d the fjrtie founder, (iands on a Hat fruitful Ground near the Sea-Coaft, with a Capacious Haven j 'It ' was anciently a place of great Magnificence, but ' iiuhe general Calamities v;hich have befallen this ' Couniry, it was reduced to a very low Condition, ' and fo rcmain'd for a long time j but of late ' Years it has been rebuilt, and beconrtc one qf the ' mod flourifliing Places on the Coaft, being chc- ' tilhed and put iti a wHy ,of Trade by CofUn Ag/t, ' a Man of great Wealth and Authority in thef« 'Pans, and much addidled to Merchandize, ' Mr. Mntuictit, p. 11. At no great diftanee from Uiiih"!-, on the Sea-Coa(taIfo Hands Jf/'iVv, Antiq. Gj/';/<i, a City formerly of Note, asilicRemaiiis of a Magniliccnt Theatre, and other collly Strudures mentioned by Mr, M<iH,7i:'i7 tcftifie, but at jirclcnt in mean Ellatc. And at about four Hours more on the fame Coaft, lies the Reii'ains of B,victi or B^Jnea, whofe uninha'uted Ruins fliew it to have been a well bu'.ltCin. Ap.ime.i, founded alfo by Sduc.ii and named in Honour of his Wife, now called [l.imanr featcd within land on the River Orcntrt, in a fruit- ful and plea tint Country. I'.in-p, now I Ir.mf-, feat- cd on the fame River more to the South ; it is a pretty Town ( fays Thcienoi ) with Walls of Stone, and 16 Towers on them, fix Gates and fiveChurches : The Seat of a S,i)igi/icl{. Farther on to the liaft towards the Dcfart, Hand the Ruins of the famous Pa'myra or Tdi/iwor, now fi)i or 'Umoi : A City qf great Reputation in an- cient times, mentioned in Holy Writ, I 'C'«5»i9-i7- to have been built by King David. The City and adjacent Territory conllituted a Kingdom, which vahantly refilled the Homan, cfpccially under tho Warlike Queen '^/•nobia, a Lady of moft Noble Accompliihmenis, andfrare Knowledge ; for befides Perfcdions in the Arts of Government and War, Die was Miftrefs of flie Liberal Arts, and of the the Cieck, EfjftUn, and /.«/« Tongues : But the Glory of this'incoinparabia I ady, ferv'd but to en- creafe the Triumphs of the Emperor Auie.'iitr, by whom Ihe was Conquer'd and led Captive to /("wc, and by the fame Enipcrot's Commands, the City was finally dcftroyed. Its Ruins were vifited in the Year 1695. by the Chaplain (Dr. Hr.llitii.x) and fomc Gi-ntlemenof the FaiSoryof Aleppo, and a De- fcriptioii of their Magniticcn.c (cut in a 1 ettcr to Dr. liain.iid, and alterwards printed in the I'hihJ. Tratjailiont, (_ Dec. 1695.) which (hew it to have been a Place of great Splendor and Magnificence ; but at prefent inhabited by 30 or 40 Famihesonly, in little forry Hurts. The lofty Rows of larec Co- lumns ftill ftniuiing, the many broken Architraves and Cornidics, and remains of (lately Walls with the Infcriptions, are all defcribed In that Letter, but too long to be tranfcribed here. On the South of iiyiin I'ropria lies the ancienf PHOENICIA, at prefent part of theBcgleibegate of Tripoli, to which Syria fropri.t alio belongs J it is a narrow Maritime Tradl of Land, famous in former times for the Adivity and Ingenuity of its Inhabi- tants, to whom are attributed the invention of Let- ters, the Arts of Navigation, Allronomy, and ma- king Glafs. In Navigation eipccially they were very great Proficients, and by the great Trade (hey car- ried on, became exccccding Wealthy and Famous, and efiablilhed Colonies in many temotel'arts. Placej of ehiefeft Note here are, Ti ipcli, call'd Tripoli Svn'.rfor diftindion, feated about tivn Miles from the Sea Coaft, in the Lat.34. D. with a Haven which comes up to within half a mile of the Town on the Weft fide of it, and hath Ware-houfes on each fide for the Merchants Goods ; encompalTed with a Wall and fortified wuh Seven Towers. The City is in a flourilhing State as ever, being large and populous, adorn'J with Gardens, planted with Mulberry-Trees, for breeding Silk- Worms, whence the Inhabitanti draw a great Profit ; the Streets are moftly narrow, and the Houfet low : On the South fide ftands a ftrong Caftle, Garrifon'dby 100 yrtni'^<ir(«; where- in refides the Beglerbcg : On all which account 'tis reckoned the Metropolis of fLm-nkia ; the City ftands near the foot of Mount /,<7'<»«H/,whence aplca- fant Stream filling runs thro' theTown,and atfordsan excellent watering to their Gardens. Round about the Town lies a rich and delightful Plain, which afftjrdcd to the Chriflim Lords of it a Revenue oJ 200000 Crowns : This City was famous in the rime of the Holy- War, being one of the four Capital Cities the Chrijiians poircffed in thcfe Parts. Tripoli ' is feated about half an Hour from the Sea ; the major ' part of the City lies between two Hills, one on the ' Eaft, on which (lands the Caftlc comtnanding the ' Town, another on the Weft between the City and ' the Sea ; this laft is faid to have been at firft rats'd, ' and to be ftill encreas'd by the daily accetfion of ' Sand blown to it from the Shore. The Port is an ' open Sea rather than an cncloled Harbour, how- ' ever 'tis in part defended by two fmall Iflands, a- ' bout two Leagues from the Shoar. [M. Mnnderil.'] For fecurity againft Pirates there arc fix fquare Ca- ftlcs or Towers, built upon the Shoar at convenient diftances. Cibtllettc, feated on the Sea-Coaft a- bout lo Miles South from TripoUs. Bitruti or Bcro3t about the fame diftance more Southward, feated alfo on the Sea, is the sThcient B rytm^ which was le-edified by the Rr.vmns, hoiiouteci with many Favours and Privileges by Augujius, D adomcd 'A 1' I' :.i 'aM am W 'I 'Hi: 1 •">'' ■■^' nm ;r< sit m- i8 adorned by Heroii and .Agrljifi ; and in the Chri- ftiitn times an I'pifcopal Sec ; and it is ftil] a Placcof Trade, and a Stage of the Caravans to (.irand Ci-.iro, fcatcd as Mr. hU'ideril tells >i«, on the Sea fide in a Soil fcrtde and delightful, railed only fo high above the Salt-Waier, as to be lecurc from its ovtrHowings, and the other noxious and unwhol- fonic crieiitsot" tliac Klcmenr. It has the Benefit of good f refti Springs, flowing down to it Trom the ad- jacent Hills, and dilperled ail over the City, in con- venient and not unhandlome Fountains : But bclides the advantages in Situation, it has at prefent nothing to boalk of. The I'al.icc and Gardens of the former Emit of this C(iiintry,havc been furprizinjj Curiolities. confidcring its magniticeiice and beauty in the midft of a Cojntry, where no fuch Ibit of Struiflures arc found, nor Jince his cxpullion by the 7';/r/;/, is even this preferred, bcinj; now all decayed, and the hnc W.ilkN of Orange-Trees made no better ufe of than a coniman Meadow. Si. in or St^yd, the an- cientcll City of VI a-nicin, feated in a fertile and delightful Soil, between ilio Sea on one lide and Mount l.ib.thiis, on the other in the Latitude of ^3 U. formerly a Town of vaft Trade, whofc Inhabitants were curious Mailers in all manual Arts, and faid to be the Inventors of Glafs ; Solcmon had his brii Workmen hence to build the Temple, as had all'd ^^-icArtif/ at its Re-ftruilurc. The Sa- rafan took it in 6^6. the CbiiJUans gained it in 1 1 03. and it was afterwards Rebuilt and ftrongly Forti- fied ; at prefent 'tis in a decayed State ; the Haven tho large is unlafc, and cne Walls and Caftlc old and inipair'd ; however ht'e is a C/me or Inn for Mer- chants, in good State, together with a fair Mofque and Bagnio. This City gives Title to an Emir or I'rince, and by the Pope j Grant to an Archbifhop. Tyre call'd Sur by the Turks, (lands about 10 Miles more to the South in a rocky Ifland, at about 70 Pa- ces from the main Land, famous in its ancient State for Wealth and Trade, and the Purple-die » and then a City of beautiful Strudure and mighty ftrengch : Dcltroy'd however fitft by Nfbuch.t<iiic:{7;/tr, afterwards by .'llex.mHn the Great, yet again reco- ver'd it felf, and was a powerful Ally to the I{omani ; taken by tho S.j'.r:jcwj in 6'i6, fcy the Chrijlians in 1 1 14. and by them made the Metropolitan Sec of I'ha-nici.t, finally taken by the Tmc^; in 1189. and ever lincc fubjciil to them ; but reduc'd to a fmall and ruinous Town, and little frequented altho' its Haven itill be capacious and fair. ' Mr. M*nde- ' 'ill Account of the modern State of Tyri runs thus, ' This City Handing in the Sea upon a Penin/ula, ' proraifes at a dillance fomething very Magnificent : ' But when you come to it, you find no Hmilitudc of ' that Glory, for which it was fo renowned in an- • cicnt tiine5. On the North fide it has an old Tur- ' k'fl-' ungarrifon'd Cattle, belides which, you fee ' nothing here but a meer BaW of broken Walls, ' Pillars, Vaults, ijc. there being not fo much as ' one entire Houfc left. Its prefent Inhabitants are ' only a few poor Wretches harbouring themfelves ' in Vaults, and fubfifting chiefly upon nlhing. In ' the midft of the Ruins flands the eaft end of a * great Church, probably the ancient Cathedral. ' The Ifland of Tyre (which was joined to the Con- ' cinent by Alexander ] in its natural State fcems to ' have been of circular Figure, containing no more ' than forty Acres of Ground, round which are the remains of an ancient Wail. Travelling ftill South- ward on the Sea-Coait, >yc arrive ac tVKKr in ASIA Acre or Aten^ named Pt»hmals from Ptehmy I. King of Egjft who re-edified it, and fo known in I at in Writers, but ill vulgar fpccch rctainiug its old Name, called by the Freucli St.Jeniid'Mte, bccaiilf of the Knights of St. Johnof Jeiufalem who refilled here, and defended the City againft the S/im^w;. Often taken and retaken by the ChrijUans and rwi/ in the Holy-War, before out valiant King l^ictwd I. regain'd Www 1 191. and gave it to the Knights of St. Join abovenam''d, who kept it an hundred Ycjrs • when by rhe force of an Army nf 150000 T«f(' it was finally taken, and its ftrong Fortifications razed to the Ground. King Edward I. then Prince, in his tjtpedition to the Holy-I.and, received a wound at this City, with a poyfoii'd Dagger, which hij Wife cured by Sucking out the Poyfon : In its flou- rifhing State, it was a large and very ftrong built City, of Triangular form, two fides whereof wcte walhed by the Sea, and the third open'd to a Champaign, which was very ftrongly Fortified : In the niidlf of the Town, flood a very high Towtr, whereon a light was always kent for a gijide 10 jifa. rincrs j but as Mr. Manderil tells us, when the lurkj after a long Siege had taken it, they ruin'd it in fo barbarous a manner, as if they reielv'd to take fj|| revenge of the Blood it had coft them, and from which it has never been able to redeem it felf, bcingat this time in fo low eftate, that except alarge Kane or Inn, in which the French Faftors refidc, a Mofque and a few poor Cottages j you fee nothing here but vaft Ruins. In Situation, on the North and Eafl it is corapafled with a fpacious fertile Plain, on the Weft it is wafted by the Medttcrramnn-Sea, and on the South by a large Bay extending as fat as Mount Carmel. in the fame Latitude with Sidon, about 40 Miles to the Eaft, on the North fide of Mount Litanus, ftands the City Damajcus, upon a Riiet anciently lumed Chryforrhens now Barrady, furround- ed with a moft fruitful Countrcy where the Vines yield the richeft Wine, and bear fruit all the Year long, which with tkt other excellent Fruits, Flowers, Corn, e?f. render the Place fo exceeding delightful, that Mnhomet would not venture himielf into it, leaft the Pleafures ftiould too much affcift him : This was the Seat of the Race of tkc Syrim Kings 300 Years, before Tigtatb Pilefar King of Affyna Hew ^e^in the laft King, and added Oamafcui to his Dominion j with that Monarchy, it paffed to tho Perfian and Grecian, and fo downwards with the reft of Syria, as already mentioned ; till the Sara\ni took it and made it their Regal Seat, before Ba^dn was built ; under whom it had a ftrong Caftle for its Defence, and was a moft flourilhing and rich Place. It was a feparatc Kingdom under the Ttr\(i(li Princes, of the Sel^uccian Faraily for near 200 Years; which was terminated in ii6i. by the Conqueft of the City, and Death of the laft Prince, by the Hands of Hnalm the Tartar. Conquer'd afterwards by the Mamaluktj, and again by Tanierlitin, reco- ver'd by the M/iwi<j/h^m ; and finally W. D. 1516. furrendetcd to the Turl^l, who have ever fince pui'- fefled it. The City was much deftroyed by Tumtr- litin, but repaired by the Mamelukes and Turl^s, and in its prefent State is a Town of pretty large extent, and reafonably Populous, being tneSeatof theJBf^- I'rlieg, whofe Government extends all over Jud^ta: The Houfes as Mr. Manderil tells us, are but ordi- nary, the Walls being Mud, and the Sirufture low, but well furnilhcd with Gardens, which makes the place ftill Plea&nt ; the view efpccially at a diftance oif ^^^ T H OB N I C I A. it the Mountains ii very delightful ; the River fal- ling from the neighbouring Mountains, affords a large and quick Stream, lupplyiiic not only their Houfei, but Gardens too with Wator in plenty ; The Art of making the Linnciis and Silks, which we call Damasks came from hence ; and the Place ii dill much rcforteJ to for its wrought and raw Silks, Wine, Pmins, Dates, Oyl, Cotton, Drugs, and other valuable Cominodities, not only of the Native Produd, but alfo brought hither from I'ci/ia and other Parts ; for thli City is a Stage of the Caravans from I'l-r/U, Atrppo, and Conftantinapte to Mecca. Memoralilc to us ChriftUni for the Conver- lion ol St. Pom/, and ftill the See of the Greek Pa- triarch, and the Habitation of many Chriftiani, of the various Seds found in thefe Countries, each whercuf have their fcparatc Churches, and the Hp- nun-Catlmlicki two or three Colleges ' The City 'ffays Mr. MnnJcril) is of a long Itraight fi- ' gute , its inds pointing near Notih-eaft and ' South-weft. It is very (lender in the middle ' hut fwi-lK bii!i;<r at each end, cfpecially at that ' to the Nortli-call ', in its length as far as 1 could ' guefs by iitV Eye, it may extend neat two ' Miles. It is thick fct with Mofques and Steeples ' the ufiial Orniiiiients of the Tuikifl} Cities, and is ' cncompafled with (Jardens extending no lefs, ac- ' coriiiiig to commoncftirratinn than 30 Milesround, ' which makes it look like a noble City in a vail ' Wood. The Cardcns are thick fet with Fruit ' Trees of all kinds, kept frelhand vcidant by the '9 ' Waters of UnrrnHy. You difcover in them many ' Turrets, and Steeples and Summer-houfrs, fre- ' quently peeping out from amidft the green Boughs, ' which may be conceived to add no fmall beauty ' to the Profpedl. At feme diltance from Dnmafcui to the South-«aft nands Rtilbec, Antiq. Htliepelij, 1. e. City of the Siin, a Town at prefect of about a Mile abd halff Circumference, and of no great account .- Bat the ftatel y Ksmains of a Building on the South fide, which was ». Temple dedicated to the Sun, is a Curiofity that attradis a Travellers Eye, and accordingly was vilitcdby Mr. Mandcril. ht his return from Jerufalem to Aleppo : to whofe account of the Magnificence o.*" this Building, we muft refer our Reader, as being too larce to be particulariz'd here. And can only tranfcribe from him this general Charader, " That it ' ftrikes the Mind with an Aii of greainefs beyond ' any thing extant, and is an eminent Proof of the ' Alagnificence of the ancient Articheflure. Thus have we pafled thro' S;rU and PlianUla, and given our Reader as ample an Account of the Cities and Places of note, as the intended brevity of this Work permits, or indeed as can be expedted in a general Geography. We Ihall now proceed into i'4/f//<«f,which being the place of Adion of almoft all theHidory oftheOld Teftament, we fhall be obliged to be more particular in its Dcfcription. And befides an account of its prcleni State fliew the Situations of the Tribes oi I/rael, and the Cities and Places where the Ads of the Old Teftament were perform "d. xnor 1) f i '•»» I) 2 u CANAAN Tiiir ~wn n ; \- 20 -.1-1. •. • ! I 7 1 «K /v^ \y\ ASU, J7 S9\ CANAAN. PALESTINE or Ik* Holy Land BCc. JitviJdd into -tht tu*c^t** Tnh^j of lfr«el s-pi'ii''* :^:/4i Vrj^jL' -»»» >■ .*/4»- T. or «i • - " ' o n A H ^C#M - THE <:.u^« .a««^ ,»»*- /i> 2>»r« "^'I'^^'J:?**,--'-^ ,«•*«•■<"", GREAT ^v*-^^ ■^.^v •**"'•»■♦•'> » ^^■''Vy"'* . ,ijr ,/v ■Jribx oi Ipmhaim .."<Sv SEA. i^T z . , . », ^IfxMJA •^***" « . r, DT I>-A M^ . 1/^ .-7-:^V. ' Xt _- -* . -_-.r - AJTZ) or THX '> XA>rz» or rjfX _ " • r. . '^ '' ^ JSJUA-LZTXS. »s J' l^r^v''***'**' S T O 3Sr E Y ^o^a-'V'*" Arabia CHAP. zi CHAP. IV. The Modern State of ] U D /T. A. ?' 'iAlilline, Judu or the ltttyL»ntl, under all which Names 'tis known ; I'alejlinr from the Na- tion of Philijiines, who pollelfcd a great part of ic, called alfo in Scripture thu Land of Coniun from the C.i- nuwiti, who polfelTcd another great part j?x'/.r.i from tJieTribe of Jiidalitivi the Holf-L/tn4 by us Chrijliam, bccaufe the place of Birth and Preaching of otir Blelfcd Saviour : Is fcated on the South of SrU and Plxtnklit, between the inoft HaHernpart of the XUtii- wrnnctin-Sc/i, and the Dtfarts of .lulnti. txtend- aliout 200 Miles from North to South, and hardly 80 from Lart to Wed The Soil and Climate were in- compirably truiifui and pleafant, as we are abun- dantly infornicd in Holy-Writ, but at prefent 'tis foill Cultixatcd, that except a few Figs, Pomegra- naicj, Palm-trees, Granges, and louie Vines which grow in the Valleys ; there remains none of that an- cient Plenty. 'I'hc l{iven are but Imall Streams, anddcfervc mention only,becaufe fo often fpoke of in Holy-Writ .; and therefore will be more properly re- fcrr'd to the account of ancitnt Judti, which ivc fhill do in a Chapter by it fclf. Of Momitaim ic is very abundant, l.ibanut and /Inti-libanm are its Boundaries on the North, as Herman is on the Eaft , thefe arcconiinued Chains; befidfs which,many fingic Hdls rife in thcMidland.of which I muO here mention Mount Carpiel, becaufe feated juft in our way in the South bounds of Phanicia, and by Ptolemy iced to that Country ; it is of ftcep afccnt UTi\ indifferent height, fruitful in Olives, Vines, and Herbs ; and remarkable on account of the rc- neat of lUUs the Prophet to it from the fury of Jt^^if/ and of later times, for the Order of Var- mtliie Fryars begun here by fome Hermits, in Me- mory of the Piophet( Wi/Hc 1 m Jand theiKe difpcrs'J into all parts of Chiijhndom. This Country is now governed by a Be(>Ieibeg under the Grand Seignior, whole Scat at we have 'aid is at Drnm/iu, and under him by Ten San- giacks, which is all the Divifion we can allign in its prefent State. The chief Places now left are, I'iorow, a fttong 1 own built by the Cinillinm on the Hills near Tyre, to fecure the City againlt the Turlij, Belfort, another place of flreiigth, on a Hill near the River F.leuthcrus now Nuar. MomfottMiiMotit- %4/ of the. fame kind, all rrtcntioned in the Hi- fiory of the Holy- War, but now not conliderable. Nii^ni«/j or j\'(i;ijM, a ruinous Town tho' formerly a Rood City, feated on a Hill about ?o Miles Stwth from Aco7t, the Capital of a Territory coticlirti^ng 15 Villaeesi and famous for the Refielcnce of the blelTcd Virgin; whofe Houfe that ftood here (accord- ing to the ^(i»ni(« Legends) was removed by Angels, atid carried from Place to Place by four feveraf re- piovals, till at laft fix'd at where it now flaiids, near jfncon/i in Naples. Divers Ruins on the fide of the Hill, (hew the limits of the old City. Tiherhii^' on the Banks of the GnliUm SqU, once a famous City, built and named thus by Httod; in Honour of the Etnperot Tiberiitj, now in tuinouS State and called S«/f«. BcthJ'm now £//t/rt?i,'at prefent a-Ciftle.only feated on theWt'" Batik of the River Ji^r,Un a little be- low the Sea of Gjoire. Knp.jla a Town nfen out of the Ruins of Sjtn.iri.t, or r.uher m the Place of Sichim, is feated in a Valley between two Hills Cen\im and l.- L.il, intheMid landbrtwcentheSeaandtheRiver /or- dani itistheScatof aSangiack, and the Capital of a Territory of 100 Villages. ' It is pays Minitril) in * poor condition in coinparifon of what it is icpre- * lenccU to have been aiiiiriuly ; conlilting of tv.'i Streets only, lying p.iiallcl iiiulir Mo\itit Gfri'ijwi j ' but 1* full ct' l'LO^)le, and the Seat of a B.ijf/"i. ' Jurt without the City Itandsa fmall Mofque faid, ' to have been built over tbc Sepulchre pun hafed by ' Jneoh, in which Jojeph's Bones lie intcrr'd : And ' at an Hour's diftaiicc they Ihcw Jacob's Well, ' where our Saviour had the Confcniice with the ' Woman of Snwitria, over which St. Uctenn built a Church, but is now deltroycd. S.bttJIe, as the ancjciK SanmrU was aftciwards named, is now in Ruins. Jipp" or }''#.», fcated on tlie Sea-Coa(l, and reckoned the Haven to Jcrujalem, (lands 40 miles South- welt from Sum hm, and 3 □ North- weft from Jc- ru/itlenii fl"^ Haven is defended on the South and Weft by Rocks, but open ot the North, and at prefent much choak'd up with S:.iids-, (bme fmall Traftick is itillcar- ried on here, and fome Iims maintained for recep- tion of Travelers coining from Emopi to JerujaUm. JERUSALEM, L«t. Hi>» ofoiym^, Turc. Cud- fcmburich and CouJJchreri/, the ancient Capital of this Ijind,and formerly one of the molt fumptuoutaiid po- pulous Citiciof the World, is at prcfentapcor thinly inhabited Town of abovit three Miles Ctrcuniference, feated on a rocky Mountain, with very llecjiafcents on all fides except the North, and furrounded with deep Vallejs, which are again ciicompafled with Hilis ; the Soil ftony, but affording ncvcrthLlefs Com and O'ivcs where cultivated, but at diftance from the To '11, there grows little ej(e but Grafs and other Ipontaneous Herbs which runup to Seed uncut. JetKJ/ilem ftands in the 31 D- Ijt. and '.i* D. Longit. about 50 Miles Eaft from the Sea-Coalt, about I oc South from Ptolcni.iii or Wrow, 15 Weft from the River ;?or(//!n, and 60 North frum the Mountains of Stir, which part Jude.i from Aralia, The various Cataftrophes of this City before the Birth of our Sa- viour, we Ihall nor mention here, asl>eingi fitter to be told with the ancient State hereafter : But its Fate (ince, is in flioft thus. According to our Lord's Prc- ditSion, it was deilroyed by the R^mani, under the Condut^ of Ti>«( Velpafim, A. C. 7 1 . at which timc 1 1 00000 Jews died, by Famine, Sword, and civildif- cord. Ocllroy'd a fecond time,and totally razed to the GrouMl by Ulius AdrUnus, 4. 1J4. and in its place a new City built, which he cali'd l-.lin Citpitoiifl ; «nd in oppofition to the Jtws, the Chn'Jlians were permitted' to inhabit it, who poIlcH'ed it 500 Years; inmidft of which time, it was re-edified and a- dorned with many (lately Stri;ftures by St. lieknc, MotJier of the Emperor ConjUnthie the Great, and Daughter of a Kritain, whole Piety leading her hi- the»to*i«w the Theatre ot that great TranfaQion, the Redemption !■ I, m 1- I ' '• JT' '-^ ■^T 22 Redemption cf MaukinJ, (Vc caufed the Filth and Rubbilh which had been thrown upon the Place of our Lord's Faifioii and Burial, to be removed ; and as the Story goes, found the Crofs on which he fuf- fered, together with the two others of the two Thieves, the right one of which was dittinguilhed by a niiraciijous Cure of a fick Woman, which the other two being laid on her, affe(fted not. Having remo\edall the R.ibbilh from Mount CMvarj, and other facred I'iaccs, (he built a noble and magnifi- cent Church including vhem all, which Church is^ ftilJ ftanding and in good Repair, the Walls of Sione, the Roof of Cedar; the taft end including Mount C'.»/v.i),y, and the Weft the Sepulchre ; the Welt part is circular and cover'd with a ftately CupoU, ftanding upon i6 Mafl'y Columns, (which were crufted with Marble,) whofe centre is open at top di- rcdly over the Sepulchre ; the Ealt end is alfo crown'd with a Cupi^l.i over the great Altar, and the Nave of the Church conftiiutes the Choir ; in the fide Iflcs arc Ihewn the place where Jcjeph of Ari- m.ttlvn anoinied our Lord's Body, the place where the Virgin Mnry (loud at the time of the Crucifixion, the Tombs of Godfrey and Bu'Jmn, the two fi'lt Cliriftiitn Kings of Jeiujaleni, thcfe on the South lide ; on the North, the Place where Chrilt appeared to M.i y M/iniUlen, the Pillar he was fixt to when Scourged, and at the North-eali corner, the Prifin he was kept in ; on the South eid fide of the Choir, they lliew the Place where he was crown'd with Tliorns and derided, and from thence is the afcei : by il fteps to Mount Calvary, where in a fmall Chapel, they (new the Place where he wasnail'dto the Crofs, and finally where the Crols it fclf was ereffed : Here is a fumptuous Ahar, whereon fland three CrolTes, and before it 46 Lamps '.re kept con- tinually burning, adjoyining to it is another fmall Chapel, both which Front and open to the Church : The Sepulchre in the Weft part, is alfo a fort of a Chapel, into which form the Rock is hewn and a- dorn d with a I.anthorn at top fupported by Pillars of Porphyry. The Cloilter round the Sepulchre is divided into many Chapels, appropriated to the fe- veral Sccb of C/j. iflinns that relide here, as Jacohitei, /Inncmans, Mtriotiitei, Copriiei, Aby^mis, Ctotgitivs; and on the Nsrthweft of it, the Apartments of the Lfit'.tics. Thcfe cnnitar.tly refide here, for the Turk keeps the Keys of the Cliurch, and they have nrt the Liberty of coming out, but receive their Provilions and Neceifaries at a Wic'net. At Etijltr the Pilgrims paying a Fee are admitted, and after the Orecrony over, let out again, of thefc there are conlfantly gieat numbers, who "o in the Evening before Gooc-V'yday, and return the Morrow after li.ijict-ba) : In which time they view all the Sacred Places, and aflift at the ceremonious Rites, wherein the feveral parts of our Lord's Paflion. arc adled with more Mimeckry than agree with fo Sacred a matter. 'Tis this Church that is the fupport of the Town, the whole Trade of it confifting in accom- modating tLe Pilgrims v'-:h conveniences j ; and the Fee they pay to the Government for Liberty to go in- to It, is a very confiderable Revenue, for which realon a Sangiack refides here with his OfHccrs and Soldiers, who befides the ufual dues, frequently ex- torts Money of the Fmncijc^m, whofe Convent is the ecnrral Receptacle of Pilgrims, for which they are largely allowed by the Pope and other Princes, 2nd befides receive Prefents from the Pilgrims at (heir Departure. St. Helena built divers Churches rVRKr in JSU. and Chapels in the City and near ir, over the Ground where the facred Ads were pcrform'd i as where the lafl Supper was eaten(whicb being deflroyed has now a Mofque in its Place}; where the Palace of Caiphu ftood, bccaule our Sa\ iour was there bulfcted, fthe old one deftroyed, a lefs (lands now in its Place); at the Sepulchre of the Blelfed Virgin : at Bethltm (^c. Therp is to be feen in the South- eaft part of the City upon Mount \hri<t, a building commonly call'd Sohmoti's Temple, ftanding indeed in rhe Place where that ftood, but as the I'emple was tot?ll» deftroyed by the Upmam, by whom tiiis was '. is uncertain : It is en .red at the Eafl under an eigtii fquare Building, withCu/i /« Roof and Lantern, and forward on to the Weft ward, is a fair diredl Ifle like a Church > the whole furrounded with a large iquare Court walled on every fide. The Magnitude of this according to Mr. Mtimleril, is 570 common Paces long, and 370 broad : In the midft whereof on the fairie Ground, where ftood the Sandum Sat.Hsruw, there now (lands a Tuikf/I} Moftjue. The Area on which the Temple ftood, was a Plain cut by vaft Labour out of the rocky Mount : Near this Temple ftands the Houle of the Sangiack, formerly the Pa- lace of I'iUte, and fuppos'd to be the Callle Antmu built by Herod : Here they Ihew the Stairs our Sa- viour afcendcd, (at Icall Stairs inftead of them, for the Scnla Saiilia is pretended to be at Hfnn^) the Window where he was fhewn to the People by Piint,; the way he paifed to his Crucifixion, called the bolorciti VTai, wherein they (hew the Places where he fell with the weight of his Crofs, where they met Simon of Cyrcnr, where the Blcired Virgin fownded at the light, (in which a Church was built, but, is now ruinous,) the Place where wiping his Face with a Napkin, he left the Piint of it on the Cioath, £3'r. Innumerable arc the Antiquities they (hew Strangers in this Gty and about it, as the Valley of Jehojophat, the Valley of Gci.imm, the Accldcma, the Garden of Mount Olivet, the Place where our Saviour prayed in his Agony, the Place where the Apoilles hid themfclves, the Place where St. Peter denied Chrift, and where he wept. Mount Olivet not far from the City on the Eaft fide, re- ckoned near a Mde in height, on the Sommctt where- of ftands a Chapel built over the Place of the Af- cenfiun ; in the Floor ( which is the natural Rock) they ihew the imprefflon of a Foot, faid to be our Lord's J the Chapel is fnull not above 1 1 Foot wide, of round form with a Cupeln fupported by Co- lumns of white Marble ftiU in good repair, built by St. Helena, together with a ftatcly Temple over it, and a Wonaftery, but thofe in Ruins. 'Twould be too much to dcfcribe all the Antiquities they Ihew, he that defires the particulars, will find them excel- lently fet foith by Mr. Snndys, and what he omitted by Mr. Mmderit, to which wemuftrefcrhim. The City is w^dled round, and has an old Caftle on the Weft fide, but is of no great Stretigth at this time, however famous formerly for its Defence. It was taken by the J/i>4^f«» in Anno 6j6. recover'd by Godfrey of Bulloign, in 1 099. pofTcfTed by him and his Succeflbrs Kings of 3rnfalem, till in 1l87.it was taken by SMdine Sultan of j£.g)p*, and by his Succeflbn held till Anno 1517. when SelimutiYx the Turk, having Conqucr'd both ^gypt and the Hoi)- Land, became Mafter of the City, and his Succef- fon have ever fine* held it. The Circuit of this Ci- ty as meafured by Mr. M-nderil without the Walls, is 4167 Yards or two Milu-and a half. Betbeltm, w Of the Ancient State of J U D /E A. 23 Betklon, feared on a Hill in a pleafanc Soil, about feven Miles South from Jerujaiem, was lin its an- cient State a good City, now a foriy Village j re- foited to by Pilgrims to view the Place of out Lord's Nativity, over which St. H Una treiScd a nohJc Temple, whofeRoof is Ceti. ., fupported by fbiir Rows of white Marble Pillars, ten in a Kow, and the Wall faced with the fame Stone. The Chancel coni>.;utes the upper end of a Crofs, and is cover'd mih a ftatcly CutoU ; under the Church in a Cave hewn out of the Rock, is the Chapel of theNativity, where they ftiew the Manger our Saviour was laid in, cutalfooutof the Rock and now cruftcd with Mar- ble; an Ahar with the rcprcfcntation of the Nativity isetcdcd herc,and Lamps arc kept burning before it j adjoyning to the Church, (tands a Monaftry of Franci/cans who have the care of it, but neither Monallry nor Temple are in right good cftate, bear- ing the face of Poverty and neglcift. Near the Town they Ihew a Valley wherein Jncob fed his Flock, and where the Angels appeared to the Shepherds to de- clare ihe Birth of Chrift. The pious Emprcfs wc havefo often named, built here alfo a Church now ■n Ruins ; not far oft" ftands a Village, which they fjy was the Habitation of the Shepherds i they alfo pretend to (hew the Place, a Cave, where S'J-ph hid Mar} and the Child, till he could flee as the Angel haddireifted, alio the place where he lay, whenthe i^ngel gave him that Command. _ Hcl>ron,now named E}l{ahil, the ancient Seat of Ua- fiWbefore he took Jcn.fulem from theJel/uliiK, Itands on a Ridge of Mountains which overlook a molt de- Jicious Valley, 15- Miles Couth froju jL-rnlrhm ; the old City is ruined, but near it in a Villapc is a good- ly Temple, built by Helena over a Cave where the old Patriarchs lie buried ; it is now iiuiird into a Mofque, and is vititeil in Devotion by ihe r«ii;;, U is the Capital of a Diltriil of about i^ Village?, cal- led the 'ienitory of tl^- I'lien.l of l.'c./. On the Sea-Coaft ftand /Ic'iann and A^otus, now in Ruins. And /ifcdlon more to the South cailJ Sen- Ian/I, famous heretofore for the Temple of Dago/,, now a fmall Town, with a Twkjflj Garnfon of no note. G/i^<i or Ga^-iivj, feated alfo on the Sea-Coalt, in the Lat. 31. lo. once an eminent City of the Philijiinei, famous for the Ads of Snmf/on, Hands tipon a Hill environ'd with Valleys, and again with Hills planted with delicious Fruiis .- the Town is at prcfcnt of but indiffeientStrudtnre and forty Habita- tion ; But retaining many marks of its ancient Beauty hy broken Marbles, and Riitisof Archesand other /lately liuilding. Ithas anold Caftlt, where- in refides a Sa piackwho has tho Government of a Territory coutaiiiing 300 Villages. ThisTuwnis not above 20 Miles from the Frontiers of -Eg^pft and no confiderable Plare lying beyond it, we (hall here dole our account ot iModern J«</c(j. iHii V "^ iii.1 1/ 1 i.m CHAP. V. Of the Ancitnt State of J U D i^ A. ^VDitA or the Land of Canaart^ hid its Name / as wc have faid, from the Royal Tribe of yurfd/-, and from the Nation of the Cntionj itej, dcfcended from Caman the Son of Cham, who polfefled the land when Abi aham firft entrcd it. I'hc I'Lilijlhivs a powerful Nation, who poffefled the Maritine Country Ci,e the h'lme of I'nlefiini: to their Part, which by Sfwcdoche was applied to the whole by the Gnekt and {{pmans, and lo handed down to us. It is feared in the fourth and fiftU Climates, between the 31 D. and the 34 D. 50 ni. of North LatitiJc, the longeft Day being alxjut i :, Hours and a quarter. Enioying therefore a Tcmpttate .Air, and an exceeding fruit- ful SOIL, produci'ig Corn, Wine, Oil Hony, delicious Fruits, the famous Balm, and other Me- dicinal Rarities, bcfides Flovrers, Grafs and Her- bage in vcrj- great Plenty. And tho' the prefent ill Eftatc of this Country, might give room to doubt it, the Teftimony of Mnjl-s, Dcut'. 8. and of even the Emperor Juiinn, who in his Epiftles fpeaks of the perpetuity as well as fecundity of the Fruits of yud^a anlwet ali exceptions. Figs, Oranges, Pome- granates, the Apple of Paradice, Dates, are ftill round here, but the ancient Bulm is loft, and they hive no Pears, Plumbs, Cherries ot Nuts, but what are brought from Dtm.ifcus. The chief Rivers arc, "Jotdnn fo named from two little Streams Jor and Dmi, which rife at the Foot of the Anti-LibanHi, and aficr a courf^ of about 10 tniles uniting, cohipofe its Stream' ; it is not a River of cither length, depth, or breadth equal to its fame, its whole courfe till it falls into the DeaJ-Se.i, being not above 1 5 o Miles, its breadth not above 10 Yards, and its depth not fufficient forNavigation; inlits Paf- fage it makes two Lakes, the firft call'd Me'cm, of fmall extent and dry in Summer, rhe fccond calkd the Sea of Galilee, or the Lake of Tiberia.', or lake of Getma:^eieih of 1 00 Fuflongs in length, and 40 in Breadth. The Dead-Sea as it is call'd by a i'alfe Opinion, that it kiU'd even the Birds that flew over it, is by etperiencc to deferve no fuch terrible Name ; it is indeed extreara Salt, and the Water thereby fo ftrong, that it will hardly admit a hu- mane Body to (Ink, and has a bituminous Standi .' 'Tis faid to entertain no Fi(h or other living Crea- ture, but in regard that Fi(h-flieii» arc found on its Shoar, and that too as Mr. Mandefil oblbrvcs, at two HourJ diftancc from the mouth of Jordan, there is reafon to doubt the truth of that opinion. Iw ex- tent is 70 miles from Nonh to South, and i« from Eaft to Weft, and was formerly a Plain wherein fiood the Cities of Sodom, Gomorrah^ /Idami and Sehim, dcftroyed by Fire from Heaven. The other Rivers are Cedron, Chijon, and fome other fmall Streams which fall into the Mctertanean-Sea, Jatoc and Amon, {^. whidifail into JorJan and the Dead-Sea, Th« »T-*n" 24 t)f the Ancient State The thief Mountains are Lihmui and jtmi-Libnnus, already mentioned in fpeaking of 5>ri'(i. Mount Hcnnm, a long Ridge beginning in the North, at 'he Eaft point of Anti-Livnnui, and running South totheCoaftsof Amhia, conftitutes theEaftern limits of Jtiditn : Thus this Land is wonderfully fortified by Nature ; for Libntius and Anti-Lihunui fecure k on the North, Mount Hermon onthe Ea(l,thc Mch'tfi - I- itifitn-Sea on the Weft, and the Mouiuains of Seir, with the Defatt of /'<>'<i«oi) the Scjuth. Other Eminences are Mount GnUmf, a fliort Ridge on theEatt of Gd/i'/ff-Sca.Mount Giiboa another ridge on the Weft ofJcrHav. Mount Gcii^im, Mount Talor, the Mountains of Stirom, (which ftretch with intermixt Valleys from the Sea of Galilee, to the Mediterritner.il, and end in a white Cliff called Cape Blanco by Seamen.) The Moui:tains ofBa/ar. Mounts Pifg'il; KeLo, I'hgm, (jjc. Mount Moriab and Mount Sicn in Jenifalcm, (on the former ftood the Ten-.plf, and on the latter the Palace if David.) Amount Cf.lvjjy, Ai'ount Oliver, and many others, which will be Ipokc to in their proper Places. The Antiqiiirics of this Country do more require our confideration than any other whatfoever, be- caufe this wasthe Place where ir pleafed the Almighty to Reveal himfelf to A/ar.kinJ, to Promulgate his Holy Law and G(irpeJ,and to work many Miracles for the Convi£}ion of Infidels ; all which being particu- larly re'ated in the Holy Scriptures, and the Hiilory of the Inhabitants of this Country ncccifarily inter- mixt. Our Readers Curioiity will undoubted ex- fetfi a more diftindl account of this 1 and than o- thers ; accordingly we lliall fct forth the feveral States of Judi.t, as particularly as our purpofeJ bre- vity will admit. It was firft Peopled by Canaan the Son of Cham, who with his eleven Sens came hither from Bal/el, five of them fettled in Vl.ttiiieia and 5rn>, and the otherfeven ; k/^. Heth, Jehuftui, dmoiJUn, Gcrge/hi, Htvi, Sena, together with Canaan their Father, were Founders of fo many Nations. The Hcthircj otHit- tites inhabited about Dtbron to Bofhtba, and the Brook Befor, reckoned by \Ufei the South limits of Cana.w. The Jebiijites or Sons of Jebuj, dwelt next to them on the North as far as J'bui, afterwards Jetiijakm. The Amcrites of Amor.cui, roflcired the Country on the taft fide of Jordan, between the River Ainoii en the South-eaft, and Mount GaUad on the North . Afterwards the Seat of the Tribes of Heiibcn atn\ Gad. Gf r^f/?Ji was Father cf the Gcr^e- fnit.'j, whofe I and lay next above the Amoiitei, on the Eaft fide of \.\xGalileaii-Sea, where afteiwards the half Tribe of Afdw^/T'^J dwelt. And ffom Hivi de(cended the lUvites, who dwelt more to theNorth- wartl under Afount l.ibanvs. Where tlie Sops of Sena planted is lefs known, but the Vildcrnefs Sin and Amount Sin.u are fuppofed to be denominated trom them ; and by Dr. Heiiin'% ConjeAure, the Pe- ri:(ifes were of that Originr, becaufe it makes one of the feven N.itiom of Canaanites, that God com- manded the Ifraelites to dedroy ; thefe dwelt on the Weft Banks of Jordan, and the Canaamtet next to thetn in the mid- land of all. Thefe and fome fmaller Nations pofltfTed the Land, when God commanded Abraham to remove from Mefofotaniia where he then dwelt, to fcparate himfelf frnm that Molatrous People, and to Travel to this Land, which he promifed to give to him and to his Chikiren. Accordingly Abraham with hi« Bro- ther /.Of, ' ■ their Wives, S^tvants, Cattle, C'r. by the guidance of God Almighty, anivcd fate here; And he came to Siehem nmo the Plain of Mum- ( lays the Text) which is fuppofed to be in that pari afterward poflefled by IJfachai ; here God Ihewed h m the l.ai;d, and alfured him of his Seeds polfil. fing it : Abraham riflioving Southward planted his 1 ents at Bsthel and llr.i, Qin theTtibcof iJcn/jj/Kt, j whence pioceeding Southward, he at length paifej into yEgypt to avoid Fa.nine, and being rcturncj to Bithe', determined to abiile there ; but a fttil'e ai:. fitig between his Servants and thole of hib NVpIku Lot, they divided, and Ab> alam dwelt about winro Hebron afterwards was luilt, and Lnt dwelt na: Sudtm, on the Barks of the River Joulai:. Tiiism general was the Countr, of the firft Patriarchs, be ore Ifrail departed into ''f-H;pt. V'e muft now fpeak of the moft confiderablc of the neighhoiirii'g Nations. IbeAMfflOSirES, potfeflld a large Country '"ii the Eaft fide of the River Ariion, adjoining to the Amoritcs, by whom they were often infuitcd. The MAIDIAMTE S, defceiidcd (rorn M.i.U the Son of Abia'jam by Kjtmah, lay next to .;«„«;., on the South. The AlO J BIT£5',defceiiJed from U^ah thcSon of Lit, pcffcired the Country upon the lower pair of the River Amon, and extended Southward aimi; the Coaft t.f the nead-S.r, difpuirdfcd of half tl,ci'r Country, and confined more ;o the South by ilic ,,- niorilej. The EDOMITE^, or Children of /■./«, poi- felfed the Country ontlie South of Ju.Ua, hewind the A/ountains of Se.'i towards W(./..i Vet,f. BASH A K, the Country of King 0;;, lay on ihe North-eaft between AJouni llcmiou and (j.il.u.i, and edjoiijing on the South to the Country of the Amoritc. ^OBAIf, lay next above ir on the North, and HAM ATM, iieict onthe Notth-wtft towards the Confines of i/ziVj. This is a general View of the Ptifiine State d Cana.w. Prorecd we next tn the Di ifion of ih; I.ind, among the Twelve Tribes of ihc Cli,l.,'rc:i J Ijiael. After the forty Years Peregrinaiion in il:c WilJ.i- nefs, the Ijiaeiius being denied pnffanc tlito' l\'cn or Uuin.ca by the Kir.g, to whom AJyi j fcnt a Civil EmBalTy, he palfedthio' the Wilderncfs by ilic Bor- ders of Morb, to the Banks cf the River .; i.m j hciiceAfn/afcntan tmbaffy toS./fn King of thc^/m - lit.s, defiring paflage thro' liisLand,but iV/ciitcfuling and oppofing him with aa Army, ."'/iJ pirniitrcd and encouraged the lf:a<liiej to fight them, whiih with great Alacrity they underiook, and in the Battle totally defeated the Aimriiti, and llcw tl.cir King ; immediately they entred the Country, vsliich they found to be a moft rich and fruitful luni', and flaying all before them, became entire Maftctsofit. Og the King of Bafwi being a Friend and Confe- derate of Sihon marched to his AifiHance, but was alfo defeated and (lain, and his whole Coun;iy made fubjeiil to the vi(2orioiis Ifnidiiet. lUmc King of iiioab obferving the Progrefs of the lf>aelitt,, and defirous to ftop them, fent for Balaam a Prophet, or rather Sorcerer, who lived at a great diflance beyond the River Eufhiatei, to come to him to Curfe them, but his intended Curfes were turnfd into Bleflings, as is told at large in the li f<">i>i-- fo that he could Jo ihem no harm, but by his wicked Counr«l •[rtbeof Napthali. 0/ J U P ^ /\. Counfel of fending the Miiiiatiite Women to allure the Men of I/raci, and tempt them to Sin and Idolja- try, which had its intended cfledl, and was the oc- calioii of much Diforder and the Death of 24000 Ijuiclitcs, as is related Kuwk 15. To Revenge which, and punilh that Idolatrous People, Mofet levied an Army of 1000 out of every Tribe, which under tlic Command of Vh'.nrm invaded Midlau and oveicame them, and llcw their Kings, and brought otf a valt Plunder. Having thus conquered a large Country, and defeated their Enemies on every fide, the two Tribes of ^-ubti: and D/tn, with half the Tribe of Mnni-Jfa requefted of Mofci, that the Country uftlie //«<oij/f J and Bi^/htin, might be given tliem for theit Portion. Accordingly thofe Tribes had their Scat on the Eaft fide of the River Jordan, and all the reft of //v;?/ poflelfcd the Countries on the other (ide, bitwecn Mount Lil'.iuui on the Noith, and the Mountains of .Siir or Dclart of Pirm on the South, except lomc part of the Sca-Cpaft, poffelfed by the l',:::ijt!>i:'!, and an(jther part pofleffed by the Piin'iiicium. The Diftribution of this Land after the Conqueft, ami utter extirpation ot the Cnn.ijhitej was thus ; III the North from the foot of Mount Libams, to the Sea of Galilee on the Banks of Jordan, the Tnbe of .V W I' I IT II A LI had their Portion. Ad- joyningto them on the Weft to the Frontiers of Plice- »i'ci.t, lay the Lands of the Tribe of // S HE i{. On the South of both thefe between the Sea of Galilei;, and the Rivers Jeptncl on the North, and Chifon on the South, the Tribe of ;^ // flf t O N were feated. And next to him on the South lay the Territory of \SSACHAI{^, extending fiom the River Jordnn to the SeaCoaft. As did alfo the Lands of the other half Tribe of MAN ASS US a-'joyn^ng to Ipchar. AndtheTribeof EPHl{Al.\ton the South of Manajfeh. Next to them lay the Portion of BENJA MIN, but extending but half way from Jo/dat. to the Sea, the reft not pofTefll'd by the Philiftitte, belonging to the Tribe of DAN, whofc Country extended alfo Southward by fide the Tribe of JZJ D A H, whofe Land was of large extent along the whole Coaft of the Dcad-'^e/:, to the Mo intuins of Siir. Laltly be- tween the Southern part of Jnd.ih and the Sea-Coaft lay tlie Tribe of SIMEON, who pofleffed the ex- trcam South parts to Bter/?;-/-*?, and the other Land beycnd it to ilie Brook Sirhnr. The Tribe of L II V I had for their Portion particular Cities ailieiicd to them, not all together, but in every Province loine, that fo there might be in all parts of the Laud, Ionic prefent to perform the Divine Offices. We have one more general Divilion of this Coun- try to mark out, and then we ihall proceed to the dcfcription of the chief Towns. Namely, the Di- 2^ vifion fet out by thj i{<im.ini, vvhich was into Six Parts ; 1;/^, Galilee, thachonitis, samah^ia, PEIi-EA, JVD yii-A, and I DV M E A. G A L I I, E E w.as the North-weft part, extend- ing from Mount Lilittws on the North, to'the River Chijon on the South ; between the Medittrxfiruan-Sta on the^Veft, and the River Jordan wlthtbe Galilean- Sen on the Eaft. And comprehended the Lands of the Tribes oi ASHEH^, N A PTH d L T, X^ A- BV LO H and J S A' AC II A I{. It was divided into the Vfpcr and Lvwei . The Vpper (Jnlilee, which was the Northern part, called alfo Galilee of the Gentiles, and under thaB Name mentioned fay St. Matih. c. 4. i, 1 5. compre- hended Ajher and Njp:hali,»ni the Loxvcr ,'^i:btdcn and JlJ.tchr.r. Alfo withm t;he limits of G.i/)/« as above fet forth, is compnfcd the Territory of Decapolis, or the Coumiy of the ten Cities mentioned Mat. 4. and'Wdi. 7. lying on the Banks d Jordan and the Lake. Thofe Cities were Tiberias, Jotcpnta, Bethfaida, Capernaum, Corai^ain, Beth/an or Scythofolls, C.tfnria- Philippi, Sephet, Afar, and Kjidefh-Napthali. TR^ACHONiriS, otherwii'e called tTl'H/£jl, if it may not rather be divided into two Parts, where- of Trachvnitii was the Northern part, and Ituna the Southern. The whole was the Country lying on the Eaft fide of Jordan, from Mount Liba),us to the Frontiers of Perca, and comprehended the Territory of the half Tribe of Mannjfes beyond Jordan. SA.MAl^^lA, lay on the Weft fide of Jordan, between that River and the Mediterranean, and the Frontiers of Galilee on the North, and thofe of Judta on the South. Containing the Lands of the other half Tribe of Manaffes, and the Tribe of Ephraim. JVDyE.1 was the Country lying between the Dead-Sta andche 'W^(V/>fi-r/iHf4n-i>>d,and contained the Territories of the Tribes of Benjamin, Judah, Dan and Simeon. On the Eaft fide of tb^ lower Channel of Jordan and the Dead-Sea, 1-y the Province I'EIi^j£A, which had for its Ea tern limits, the Mount.tins of Arnon ; on the Nori 1, the South hmits of Tracio- nitis ; and on the South, it extended into Arabia Pc trjea, containing the Territory of Gad and R^uben^ and the Countries of the Ammonites, Midianites^ and the Moabiies. Laftly, IDVMEA was the Land of £<fo»j or the Countrey of the Edomitct, it lay beyond the limits of Palejlhic ; for its Boundaries, were Jud*a on the North, Arabia-Petiia on the Eaft and South, and the Mediterranean-Sea on the Weft. It is the Coun- try where dwelt the Pofterity of Efau, who was alfo called Edom, Gen. 36. I, A Table of the Cities of Note, in the feveral Tribes of Ifrael. In the Tribe of <<//«>. Mafpba Territ, Ciilul Territ, Fatt-l'i V uia major, HvOU, Cibala, Aphek, '"'g' ot Valley St. H.icoc, SIkath or Alcath, Cijcala, Cabiil, Bethemeth, Bethdagon, Aeon or Ptolemait, In the Tribe of Kf/irWi'. Lejhem or Dan , poftei AjTrJim Pandas , & Philippi, Beritn, Rcgio, Arbclu, Regio, Emath, Rcgio, C*faria Heliopotis, hodie Balhei. lopi ■dit ;:( M\ 'iUij M m .;)>: Errtat^ 26 Emath oxWimnth, Amothdon, Ser, Cajitthaim, Eblata, Mertm Lake, jtrnfithot Hanfeth, Afor or Hafor, Tents of Htber, MafcAhth, Arlelis, M/tgdadel, J^adefh Nafthnli, Sefhet, Bethfemeth, Carthan, Hamon, Atom Cbrifti, Caphumtium. In the half Tribe of Ai4- iiajfes beyond Jordan. GileAdTetit, Batania Terit, G<«u/ow/>(jTerit, Trachonitti Tetit, Auranitit TwX, Selfda, Bofr/t, Argob,', AurtinOt Cauran, GeJTur, Mathati or MJtscha, Gerfon, Ajlaroth, Adrach, Gaulon, Tents of I^edar', Stieta, Gamalit, K'dnu Kdrai, GaUad or Gilead. Pella, AbeU or Abel-betbtnacha, Jabefh GileaJ, Coro\aini, Julias, Dcfart Beih/uidti, Gerti/n or Gcrgcja, Uifpoi, Ephirn. In the Tribe of T^bulm. Bcthfaida, Mitgdalum, Jotoftita, Jopha, Tiberias or Cinnntth, Gnrtha, BethuUa, I{emr)im, Dbthaim, Damna, Seiner OH, Tabor City and Mb«rt, S/ifftt Or Stphoris, Of the Ancient State Cann of Galilee^ Jeconam, Zabulm, Sicaminum oi Ephfa. "" ■" tjfach/irl Cirmel Mount, Gilho* Mount, Valley of Jeip'ticl, Fields Magiddooithino( Galilee, Tarichaa, Cefion, IJfachar, l{amoth, Engannim', Dabereth, I{abboth, Cedes, Jeirael, Naboth's\imyvd, Aphee. Enhadda, Sum or Shuna, Endor, Kaim, Bethfkemejh, Ejdreion, Caftrum Ptrigrinorum, Half Tribe of Manajfes, CIS Jordanum. Betbfanot Scytliofolisl Salem, Aner, Beie{, Abelmeulrt, Cajhum Alexandrinum, Ter:{ii or Thcr/n^ Acrabata, Thebes or Thebe:(, Janac or Thanat, Gethremmon, Afacotl.; Ennon, Magiddo, GaU, Jeblan, Dor/I, C^faria Palejlint, Antipatris, Efhraim. Sarona, Lidda or Diofpolis, Helon, Hamatha or Arimather., Bethoron, Ga:(er or Gajer/i, Thanma or Thamnathjarit, Hircanium Ctftr. Pharnton, Sichem, pofte/t Ne.tpolis iit (si Fliivia C^fatia, Jacob's Sepulchre; Mount Gcra:{im, Mount Ebnt, Sitmariti, Capital, fl^f Sebnfte, Jechman, ' "J ' Tapbna, ^ ' Doeh or Dagon] ';',■ " Gethremmon, Naioth, Machmas poftei Bjra, i'ih or Shilo. Ofld. Mahtmaim, Penuel or Phanuel, Succoth, Maffha or Mi:(Vetb, l{abbtt or l{ihtotb, fojlea Philadelphia, Hamoth Gilead, Hogelim, Thesbe, Mageth, Arnon, Jar{er or Jahfor, Aroer, Diboti, Betb-haram. Vaiky of Tcphet] Bethany Village, Jiidab. Libntt, Maced* or Makffeda, A^cchn, Bethfur or Bith-fora, Emniis, fojlea Nicopolis, Bc;icl(, Bethelem, Tliecu/i or Tecoa, \oar, Tfohor, at Segor, Enga'Idi, Odallit, Ks'l" or CciU, Hebron, Jetber, Jeremotb, Tapbna, I^irjath-jearim, Jcjrael, Maon, HoUn or Olon, Go:{en, Gelo, CfibJacI, Hafor or Chntfir, Maffada. ^fliben. Pijgah Mount, N;ra Mount, Pbofgor Mount, Hejhbon or Etbon, Jafa, Bamotb-Baal, Beth-pbogor, Medaba, Mephnt, Abila, Edam or Adam, Setbim or Sitim, Bethabara, Livias, Atachrrus Bojor or Bo^^a, tcj^ sr Lafiir, poftek Cal- Hrboe, l^edemotb or Jethfon. Benjamin. Nebo or Nob. Gibeon or Gnbeon, Gibeab or Gabaa, Bethel, Hai or Ai, Gilgalot Galgaltt, Annthtth, Jericho, JE^VSALF.M, Mount Olivet, Vi\ky oi Jehofaphat, Cetbjamane Village, Mount Gihon. VaUey of ^apkaim, Philijiin/l, Cath, Acaronl A^^otus or Ajhdod, Afcalon, Ga7(a, Majuma. Dan. Joppa hodie Jaffa, Jamina, Cafphni, Tb/imna, Bethfemes, Ajalon, Lacbis, Modin, Eltece, Lehi, Gibbethon, Saara or ^om', Pons JEthiopis, Nehel-EJhcol. Simeon. ^igfag or Siceley, Haiti or Aen, Harma, Dahir, olim KjrjiA' Sepber, Gc:(ar or Ge^am, Beerfheba, Anthedon, Rjjineforurar Thui 'JTJ*h' Trihof Napchali. of J U D iE A. Thus havin;; fee forth the limits of tlie feveral jpartitions ot" this Country, and given you a view of the wliolc in one Table ; we ffiall now proceed to the particular dcfcriptions of every part, and the chief Towns feared therein. To continue our tra- velling MtthoLl, we (hall decline Priority of Dig- nity, ami begin with the North patt, which au- joins' tn i>M/i whence we lafl carte, and pal's on Southward on both fides of JouUn. Gn'.ik-c therefore firft prefents, and therein the Tribes of j'iflicr, \iptlutii, \fhulonj and llffxhar. A Country uf great Fertility except in the Northern part, affording excellent Fruits with little Cultiva- tion, and ill iti flourifhiog State Full of Towns and Villages j fo cxtreanily Populous, that Jofephui tells MS, the lead contained 15000 Inhabitants, but there is room to doubt that either the Tranfcribcr his err'd, or that he ipolce hyperbolically. Certain it is, that CiiHlee was a rich and populous Country, the People of a Warlike difpofition, and ftridt Zeal in the Jfttifli Religion. The Tribe of j4 5IIEI{ had their Seat on the Coaft of the MtJltetrMenii-Sca, from the Territories rf .'^i./i.'H on the North, to A,on or Ptolemnis on the .South, near 50 Miles in length ; and from the Sea- Coaft ( the Territories of 'iy>e, S.Jon and I'tolcmnis excepted, ) half way to Jo-dnn, which was about 20 Miles in breadth ; a Land of great Fertility in Wine, Oil, Corn and Balms. In the North Trad lay the Land M.ifpij.i, and tlHt nf Cabul near the Tpinn Wountains, where flood the lo Cities given to Dm J by lliram King of Tyre. And in the South part the Valley of /Ijje, ot fnt-l/'nltey, fo named for its exceeding Fertility ; fincc call'd the Vally of St. George, from a Cattle in it dedicated to that Saint. The chief Cities of the Tribe of Afhrr were, Kl- kitk or AlliAth, a City of the l.evitei fcated on the Northern limits. Canit ( called Cum the greater, to diftingiiiih it from a leffcr more Southward) feated near the River l-/-:uthcritis. ^ob but a few Miles (iirtaiit from the fame River, a City of good note, bclimging to the LcJtes. GnhaU, feated more Southward, rebuilt by Herod. Aphel(, memorable for the llaughter of the Syrinni, ly the //» i^clitci un- i!et Ah.ii, of whom 1 00000 fell in Battle and 17000 by the fall of a Wall, 1 K'«?J 2.'^. -9. 30. W/TCT, a City of the Lnites, flood fix Miles South- weft from /t/i/f^. (Jlhr.l.t, about the fame diftaiice to the South caiV, a City of great Strength, burnt by the Tiirs at the time of the Siege of Jcnijnkm, rebuilt bv Jojcpi'us then Governor of Gii/i7fc, and af- terwards fiirrendred to the l{pm,t'is. Ctibul or Ch.ilio/, on the Frontiers uf N.;/"/j.j//. Abdon a City of the Lniici. Hcthmctl' and hethdr.gon, both feated on the Frontiers of X^.tbiilofi j and "Wr/jf/ a City of the l.niifi, fcated near the Sea-Coafts, the furthcft Place South of this Tribe ; were all rich and po- pulous Cities. /Ion Qt I'tolemiii.', which lay on the Coaft of this Tribe, we have fpoken of already in eur Account of l>ha<iiiij. Next to Ajtjf-r the Tribe of .V // f T H W /- T, had their Seat aloiij^ the Wcfteni Shoar of Jordan, from Mount I.ibtiniii down to thL- Sea of Gtililec, or Lake of Gtnn/ijmtl; havini^ the Tribe of ylfher for itS Weftern Boiuids. The Soil and Climate here was thefainewiththat ot ,7//w, which we told you was Weeding Fertile. In the North pan of this Country, the two Springs Jor and Dnn have thcit rife, which after a "ion conrfe uniting, compofc the K\ki Jordim. 21 Near the union of the Hvo Streams, lay a little Trad of Land belonging to the Tribe of linn, who conquer'd Li/bcm as we are told, Jofk. 1 9,47. to which Town they gave the Name of Onn, which being the extream North part of the Land of (/rdc/ gave bccalion to the faying. From Dan to Be:Jhela, to expriefs the whole extent of Jiidxa ; it was remarkable for the Golden Calf erefled in it by King Jerobcim.hihe int- ter Days when taken by the /(o)ncw/, it was by them named Pana;as, and being given to Herod, his Sori Philip re-edified it, and gave it the Name of Ctcfa- rla Philiffi. The Woman who was cured of the Flux by the touch of our Saviour's Garment was ot this Town, and in memory of it crcded his Statue, with her own hudeling before him, which tlood till Juti^;n the Apodate defttoyed it. In ths ChijUau times it was a Bilhop's Sec, and for oughtappcars, ftill retains the Dignity. Near this City between the two Spring-heads, (tood a funiptuous Temple, buill inhoi.jur oi Augu(iui Crfar, J'he Regions ot lic- rim, Arbclis and F.rtiat!', Jay within the limits of this Tribe; as did alfo tl.o City ll-Uvpolis now Bnlbec, mentioned in our Account of Si>i,i, but never fubjcfted to them. The tliiet Cities of iV.i/- rh.ili were, ■^IJJ'edim near Mount lJb.i>iiit. I'.math or II,>»ir.th^ fituate near the Spring-head of I'.kuthcrius River a Place of Strength, and reckoii'd the tiitrince or Gate of Judc.t. Kum.'i. 34. J<]. 13. ',,i'Tc. Ani'th- don, Scr, and Carinthaim, Cities of the Lcvitei. {{ehlatii a noted City near the Fountain of Daphnii, and the Lake Moron. Arofeth, at the South-end of the Lake, called Harofcth of the Gentiles, (Jtid^. 4.) the City of Sifer<t. /Ifor or Hafor the Regal City of the Cr.nnamtes, where 14 of their Kings came out againtt Jofhiia, and particularly the Seat of King Jnbin, who lo Years afflided IJrae/, and was at laft overcome by Deborah and Barak., jtid. 4, Not above a Mile or two from it, flood the Tent of Hebcr the Ketiite, where Jaci !lew Si/em, Jud. 4. Mi-.fcaioth fcated more to the Haft, was a ifrong Town mentioned in the hlr::cr.b.t.i>i War. Arbcis not far from it, the Capital of a Territory. Mag- dadel, a tlrong Place fcated a few Miles more to the South. l\tdeJh-\/:prhali, Seated on a high Hill, a Regal Scat of the C.ri.ijiiirei, conquer'd by lofhiin and made a City of Refuge, and given to the l-f- ; ites J it was the Birth-place of ii ir.it;, and one of the ten Cities of D.capi'hi under the fi^mam. Sephet another of the Decapolii, feated alfo on a Hill, a Place of almoll impregnable Strength. Betl^Jetneth.^ on the Weftern Frontiers mention 'd, Joj'. 19. 38. Cartlan, a City cf the leiiios, flood in the Mid- way Lietwccn Kjtdis and Ccphct. Hamoti, another (.'ify of the I. elites flood more to the Welt. Be- tween Caiiimn and the Sea of CalUce, and near it flands the Mount called Mons Chrifti, where our Saviour often reforted and there eleded his Ajnoftles. Cttpharnaumov Capernaum, flood on the River Jordan^ where it falls into the Sea oi Galilee : It was the Me- tropolis of G4/i7ci;in our Saviour's time, and a City of Opulcncy and Trade, often mentioned by the Evangc- lilts, on account of our Lord's frequenting it, but fiow a poor Fillicr Town only. Several other Cities {lood in this Territory but Icfsconfidcrable. Croffing the River Jordan, vveenttr the Territory of Half the Tribe of MAN ASSES. Thefe m we have faid, delircd their Portion after the Con- qucft of Ov, and before they paflfcd the River, ac- cordingly their Land lay between the Dclkrt of * E I rthid Thu» 28 Of the Ancient State Tribe ofZ^dhxAon. Tribe '..i/rt on the Eaft, from uhkh it was ;jaiceJ by Mounts Ucrmm and Mount Gileud, a'.a the River Jord.tn on the Weft, Mount Herimn and the Coun- try of DiiHinjaii on the Eaft, and Southward it ej- tcnJcd to tlic Brcck Jehcc or near it, Tvhere began the Territory of O.ir/, compichendine the Tcirito^ies of (lilead and BatuhU, or the Kingdom of Bujlmn. Or as it was afterwards termed by tb Upmnns, (Jau- ion.tu, I'latuomtii, BitlAHcn, and ^ vanitii. It was the ancient Habitation of the Hivlta and the Gei- gejl^itei. And afterwards of a Gigantick Race of Men, whence it Avas call'd the Land of [{aphnim or (liiiits. The Soil of the middle part was fruitful and afforded excellent Pafture, which fed numerous Herds of Fat Oxen, but the Skirts Barren and ill inhabited. The whole extent from North to South ivas about 70 Miles, but its breadth «»t an- fwcrable being hardly 20 Miles. The chief Towns were On the cxtrcam North Part Rood Selfcfu, at the foot of the Mci.iitains, the North Boundary of Ba- Ihr.ii. Il(/hi-, .I City of the Levitts, and afterwards a Bilhoprkk, ftood more to the Eaft on the Fron- tiers of the Defarr, and was a ftrong Fortified Town. Ar^oh, tlic Capital of a Territory of the fame Name. Aumn or C/tman mentioned l'.-{ekiet 47. whence the Country about it was named Aumniiis. Gtjjuf, the C'jpiial of a large Region, fpokenof by Mcja as the North Bor.nd of this Tribe, Dcut.ji^. .yUch-iti, fnp- po/t;d tobethc Mnncha mentioned i C/.r. 19. 6. Geijon, ill the nud-way between the laft mentioned. Allthcfe pclfelTcd by Foreigners. Ajlaroth, a large Town of the Lcvitcs, the Seat of the R^plmnu or Giants in ancient times, from whom Oji, dcfcended, Adrr.ci, ftated on a Hill more to the Eaft, gave name to a Bilhoprick in the Chrijtian times. Gaulon, a City of the Levitei and of H^ftige, a fair City, and by the fipm/ins, made the Capital of a Country to which it gave Name. The Tents of K<"it> often mentioned in Scripture, ftood at a little diftance from this Town to the Weil, in very fruitful and pleafant Fields, wherein a Fair was held at certain times. ^iictn a noted Town, flood more to the Weft near tlie River Jor,iiti. Cnmala, a Town and Caftle feated on a 1 lill like a Camel's back, gave Name to a neiglibouiing Country. AC?'/'", a neat Town feated on a Hill. PJrai, the Regal Seat of Og King of Bttlhr.ii. GaUnd or Giletd, near the Moun- tains to which it gave Name, the Birth-place of Jeptljx. PcUii, a Town of more modern date, being built by Sdruciis Nicr.noi King of Syria, and deftroy- ed by jjlex/inderjamimm King of the Jfw/, reftored by I'ompei, and retired to by the ChrijUf.nt of Jrru- I'atfm, as commanded by a Vow from Heaven, to avoid the Deftrudlion coming upon that City. ytbelti or Abel-beth-mancha, a few Miles from it to the South, where Shtbt the Rebel being retired, the Citizens beheaded him, and threw it over the Wall to Joiil for Peace, l Sam. 10. Jnbelh-Giltad, feated on a Hill near the Mountains of Gittad, men- tioned in Scripture f jt the Siege of it by the Ammo- nitci raifed by SmiI, and the Gratitude of the Men of that Town, in fetching the Bodies of ^aul and his Sons from Btthfitn ( where they were expofed by the PhiliJUn-s) and burying them. On the Coaft of Jordm and the Lake flood Corn\im, at the mouth of Jordan into the J akc, famous for the Miracles wrought in It by ourSav jur. Juiias, built by X'/ii- lip the Tetrach, and named in Honour of Julia tlie Wife tf Tibm.<,. The Defait of BethJMi, ( altho' the Town which gave name to it ftood on the other fide of the Lake ) lay near this Town ; where our Saviour fed ; 000 with the five Barley Loaves and twr> fmall Fifhes. A little mote to the South Hands G>. laf.t or Geigtft upon a high Hill, where our Saviour cading oun ihc Devil, permitted him to enter into the Swine : This was the chief City of the Gerg(. (kites. Hippos, the Station of a Garrifon of Horl'c placed there by Herod. Efhrm a fttong City. Returning crofs tlw River Jordan, we enter the lower Galilee, wherein lay the Territories of the h ibti of \abulon and IJJ'.nhar. The Tribe of :^ABVLON lay between .ijh.-r and Uapthali on the North, and IJJ'nchai on the South, the Mcdltcrritncan-i>en on the Well, and the Sea of Galilee on the Eaft. A fruitful and populous Country, whofe chief Cities were, BethJ.iida, (ituatc on the Sea of Gr.UU- or I akc of Germaf,iieth in a fmall Itland, was one of the ten Cities of Deeapclis, the Binh-place of the Apoftlts I'e.'er, ylndrevf and I'ljilip : And renowned for the Miracles wrought by our Saviour in it. The adja- cent Country bore the Name of the Land of G.'«r- j'ar or Gei.t.rjercth, and was very fruitful. Migdi- lion on the fame Sea Shoar, a little diftant on the South, was a ftrong Fortrefs. Jetapatn, fituate near the lame Shoar, was alfo a very ftrong Hold t'ouiideJ on a Rock acccifible but on one fide, notable for the Defence made in it by Jofephus the Hiftorian agaiiill the l{pmaiis, who at laft took it and him Prifoiiei Jopha, another itrong Fortrefs ftood a few Miles otf to the Weft. Tiberias built by Herod, where formerly ftood '''c Town Cenncreth, and by him named T)«- riai ill rlonour of Tiberius deftr : It was a large and noble City adorned with an Accademy, feated on the Coaft of the Sea of Galilee, which from this City was named the Lake or Sea of Tibe- rias; 'lis not improbable too, that the other name of Gennaferetii, by which this Lake was called, had it^ origine from the old name of this Place : In this City our Saviour called St. lAatthen, and near it he raifed the Daughter of Jr.>us. Cartha, a City ot the Leviees, ftood about eight Miles Weft from Ti- berias. Bethulia, i o Miles to the North of Cartht, was a very ftrong Town feated on a high Hill, men- tion'd in the Story of Judith and Molofemii. Hfmnoii, a City of the Leviees ftood a few Miles Weft from Bethjaida. Dothaim or Dothanfl. populous Town notable for its Plenty of Vineyards Figs aiid Olives J it was the Place where Jojeph found his Brethren feeding their Flocks, when they fold him into Algyft. Datnna, fcven or eight Miles to the Weft was a City of the Levitcs. A few Miles off ftood Semeron, a Potent and Royal City. T.jK.-, a City of the Levitts, ftands near the Mount of that Name, famous for the Transtiguration of our Lord upon it i in memory whereof, the Emprefs Helinn built a fiimptuous thai. '' *' 'he top, lays Mr. Sitt- dys, but Mr. Manderil takes no notice of^ that Cha- pel. It is a very fteep high Mountain, befct with Olive-Trees, Vines, and other Fnutj, with a fiat Oval Area at top» of two Furlongs long and one broad, of moft fertile and delicious Soil, furroundtd with "Trees ; from which yon have a vie-.v of Mount Hermon and Gilbon, the Valleys of Efdraelon and Je^- rael ; the Towns of NJ:{areth, Nairn, Endor, L,c. At the foot of this Mountain runs the Brook Ki/'"' ^Manderil.'] S^ffa or Sephoris, a City of the Levitt:, the habitation of Joachim and Anna the Patents ol the BlelTed Virgin ; was a wcijthv, large, and well fortified Endor, L'C- Jrook KH'"' the LtvUr. and well fonltied Triicaf Iffachan 0/ J U D ^ A. ?^ fortified Town, wallcil by I lend and made the Me- tropolis of the lower Galilee ; Uiidcr the Vurt^i it has been the Seat of a Sangiack. Nn^/irethwis a iicac Town leated upon a Hill' live or fix Miles from the Brook Chijon. Where tlic Bleflid Virpin lived, and where our Saviour was Conceived and h'ducftted, arid fpen: agreat part of his Life, whence he and his Dilciples were called Na^^uritcs : The Chamber wherein the Virgin received the Annunciation, was removed hence by Angels ( according to the i{t>mi/}} Legends) and is now ihewn at tc-ffo in the King- dom of Siiples. C'<!i;4 called Cnna of GaliJee, anil CniiA-minor, memorable for the Miracle of our Sa- viour, in turnijig Water into Wine at the Marriage there ; it was fcated on the Brook Juptacl, Jesomm, the Seat of a Cananrnti'/h King flain by Jofhua, and the City giveij to the Lcvita, it ttood on the Brook Chijon. \ttbulon, near it was a Irately City iijl burnt by the [{omiui- Siatmimm, otherwife called EpI'J", was a Pore Town feated on the JHeJi- nmtncaii-'ieit. The Territory of the Tribe of ISSACH^II{, had for its Northern Bounds the Brook Chifon^ which divided it from :^4>ukn, the half Tribe of MttmJJei wi the Sonih, the .yiedltenanetin-Sea on the Weft, and the River Jord.tn on the Eaft. The Ijnd w»s reafonably ftiiitful, Init the Cities of it not fo nume- rous as in the other parts of Gnlilee. Within the limits above mentioned, ftood the Mounts Carmd and GiV/'OJ. CMtnci, was a high Mountain feated in a neck of Und, between the mouth of the Biook Chifon and the Mt.litcrninean-Sc/i, in the extteam North part of this Province happy in a fruitful Soil cover'd withGroves of Olive-Trecs, Vines, and divers other Fruit- Trecs, as alfo fragrant Herbs and Flowers: FaiQous on account of the Habitation of the Prophet Elijah on it, and for the Order of Carmelite Monks, infti- tuted in Honour of him as we have already elfewhere told you. And adjoyningto it lay the Land of Naid. TheMouiiuinsofG'i//'ii<J was a continued Ridge, beginning at the Town of Je-{ri:el, and tunning a- long the Southern bounds of this Tribe, and mto that of AtannJJ'es F.aft ward to the River Jorditr. Up- on this Mountain King Siiul and his Sons were killed by the Hiliftine!. Within the limits of this Tribe lay the Valley of Jttjttl, remarkable for fevcral Battles fought in it : As alfo the Field of Mugiddo, otherwife called the PUin cf Galilee, and now named the Plain of Sah/t from a Caftle near it : notable for its fertility in Corn, Wine and Oil. The chief Cities of the Tribe oUJfnchar were, Tarichx/:, on the Bank of the Lake about eight Miles South from Viler im, a place of great Strength and notable for its rcfiftance againft Vejpttjiati. Cifim, a City of the l.evitei, fcated on the itookChifo. (if.tchar, feated on the mid- way be- tween Cejlon and the Lake. Hamoth, a City of Lnitti, ten Miles South from Jffachar, ftands on a HiU which is the beginning of the Mountains of Gi7to«. Engannim, a few Miles more Eaft, another City of Lelites. Ddereth, on the Brook Chijcn, alfo a City of Levites and a City of Refuge, ^at- M, a few Miles diftant on the South-eatt. Cedes, a City of Ltvitet. Je-^ntd, the Regal Seat of King ^W, feated on the Welt foot or Mount Gilboa, neat the Frontiers of MArmffei, and by Adrichomim placed to that Tribe ; where Naboth was (toned, and Jt\ahrl thrown out at Window, and h« Cat- kal's eaten by Dogs : it gave nams to the neighbour- ing 'Plains, wherein many Battles were fought. Adjoynin^ to the City on the North-eaft fide, hv the Vineyard of Nahotb. ytfUc, a RoyalCity ftood fix Miles NtKth-weft from Jt^ratl; Etihnddti, near the Mount Gilbai, where Saul being overcome by the I'liiliJIinei flew himfelf. Sana, Shuun or Shiincnk, where Elijtli fojourned with the Widow, and wrought the Miracles of iiKrealing her Oil, and re- Itoring her Son to Lite. Endor, near the Brook Chi- fin, notable for Saul's confuUing the Witch there, and for Giieon'% Vifilory over the Midianitei fuppof- ed from i'/j/. 83. to. 10 have been neat it. NAim, feated alfo near Chijon River fix or fcven Miles more to the Weft, at the Gate whereof our Lord reftored the Widow's Son to Life, hethfhem^jh, feated at e- qual diflance from Je^rael and Endor, and towards the foot of Mount C<»)wf/. Hjdrekn, neat tlieFron- tierof Munajfes, in a fpacious Plain to which it gave Name. On the Sea-Coaft about feven or eight Miles Weft from Bethfljemcfh ftood the Ctjhum i'ojijnW- rum, built in the ChiijUan times for the fecurity of Travellers to the Holy Land. We have now Travelled through GALILEE, and (hall proceed to S AM AR^l A, or the Territo- ries of the two Tribes of M-iimJJ'ci and i'.tihr.ti»:. A Country of variable Soil, but generally Fruitful, Rich, and Populous. The Inhabitants were the Pofterity of the Afly- rinns fent hither by Si/miWdi^-ir, whenhe had carried away the Ifaelites into Captivity, who being Idola- ters, were devoured by Lions lent among them by God ; to avoid which Plague, they begg'd of S.i/^ mana\ar ioi Priefts to inftrudt them in the true Re. ligion, who were accordingly fent as is declared ai large in the 17. Chap, of id. Book of Kiw;;/. But altho' they were at laft brought to the Worlhip of the true God, yetthcy always maintained a Schifin, and would not BO up to Jerufalem to worlhip as the Law commanded. And therefore built a Temple of their own at Mou'lt Gerai^itn near Samaria, which tho" de- ftroyed by the Maccabees, they continued their Schifm ; for this rcafon hated by the Jews, and as we find in the Gofpc! at our Saviour's time clleemed an abominable People, with whom they would hold no convcrfe, John 4. 9. As on the other handj fo neither would a Samaritan come near a Jew, or it he had, efteemed himfelf defiled. The Land of the Half Tribe of MAN ASSES was the North part of Samaria, ftretched out from the River Jordan in the Eaft, to the Mediterranean-Sea on the Weft ; having the Tribe of Ephraim on the South. The Countrey was pleafant to the fight by reafon of the admirable variety of the Plains, Moun- tains, Hills, Valleys and Springs, befides the fertili- . ty of the Soil, and the great number of Inhabitants and ftately Cities. Of thefe the Chief were, Bethfati, feated on the River Jordr.u in a little skirt of Land, which run into the Tribe of IJJhehar. Irs Name implied the Houfe of an Enemy, given it by the Children of Manajjts, becaufe they couid nerer drive the Natives out of it ; in later Days taken and rebuilt by the Scythians, and therefore named Scytho- fc/it by the Greekj : Memorable under the name of Bithfan, for the dead Bodies of Saul and Jonathan hanged on its Walls ; and under the Name of Scjtho- folis, for being one of the ten Cities of Decapolis, and afterwards the See of a Chrijlian Archbifliop. In its flourifhing State a noble City, as the many Maible Ruins Aill icmaining teitifie. Saltm, near 'i i K •.i lit fM M rM n 1! "(.I'. 1/ 't:mr M ■: tff f*iffefll m II the Banks ot'Jorinii, in tlie Korth-eaft cornet of this Province, fuppofcd to have been the fame that was the Royal-Seat of A Wf/ny/./fc.^. Anti\, a City 0f the Levites. Bt:(et^ near Jorrinn, feven Miles Eaft from j^ner was the City of Adoiii-Bc:{eky who bting con- cjuercil by the IJraeliter, had his Thumbs and gieai Toes cut off, as he had ferved 70 Kings before, JuJ. I . Abcimculit, a noted Town ftood more to the South, as did C.ijhum /llexitndrium of more mo- dern Strutfture, being built by Alc.x,tn,iir the Son of W.;, u!us againft the Homnvi. lifhra. Hill more South and iiear the Banks of Jordan, in whu h G»- Wmn dwelr. 'l'tr:^n or Trcrjj, the Royal Seat of Iftrtcl before the building of SAtnatU. Acciabaia, the Capital of a Territory, which was aftetwaids made a I'd, a cly. TMet or Thelie:(, a Town of Rood note where Abimelech Was knock'donthc Head, by a Milrtone thrown by a Woman as he befieged the Tower thereof, ]ud. 9, 50. lai.acot 'I'hanac, a large and potent City in the Frontiers of IJfad''- Vcihii-mmen a City of l.evitii^ as was alfo iMMoth near it. A little diHant from Gethtcmnuti, flood the Mountain and Cave where OlaJiih the Steward rf .//.'.I.', liidilic hundred Prophets from Je;(^abeis fury, I K/A?. 1 8. Ennon »vhere St. John Baptiz d the People. Mr^iddo, a noble City near which King fnji.tli was wounded in his Battle againtt I'hinnoh Sicijo, r Cbr. i6. 21. It gave name to»he Valley of Mnid.li already mentioned in IjJMitr. C;ii!gal, the royal City of z Prince llain by Jcfhuab. JfbUn a ftrong Portrefs. And Ktrbkta, which gave name to a Topnichate, ftood in a triangle with Mitgiddo. On ihe Sea-Coaft were fcated, lion a ftrong and powerful City, feizcd by 'I'ryphou after the Muitber of Jonathan Maccabsui, who was there befieged by the King of A>)/.r, taken and flain. Ctfare.i Pdc- fiim, anciently the Tower of Straton a King of the Ssdaninns, ftood a few Miles from liora to the .Southj re-cditied by Uerod, and made a llately and fump- tiious Place, as defcribed by JiJ_-ph:r, lib. i-;. i-. 13. Iwas here St. PtnJ appear d before i\jl, s, and 'twas here tlia: ll'rod /ij^'lppa was linitten by (iod and de- voured ot Worms for his .Arrogance. This was for foine time the Ho^ii-.u Metropolis of I'ahjiiiic. An- rJpnt'i;, bi'ilt by Hetod in the Place wliere ftood the ancient dpi aija!i:wi:, near to which Jiid.n Muccab.ciii overthrew .\/V.;)iu)'s .'Xnuy ; it was eiicompafled with aCiroie, and a very fine Champion, reckoned the richcit fpot of ground in all I'l-Ajiinc The Territory of the Tribe of El'IIIiAIM took lip the Sduth of ■''AMAI{I.I, and adjoined to that of the half Tribe of M.dk^JJ'cs wc came laft from, extending as that does, from the River Joi- dr.H to ihc Mcditina7i:ii>-'<.:i, and bounded on the South by the Tribe of B.nj.nnin^ and a fmall part of the Tribe of D.in. The Country is Mountanous but the Soil however, Fat and Luxuriant. The chief Cities here were, S.noiin, a Royal City conquer'd by JufMia, featcd on a Hill I o Miles South-weft from Aiitipntris, and about as far from the Sea Shore ; the adjacent Valley to which it gave Name, was a moft fruitful Land. Jdddn, about 1 5 Miles South from Snrona, where St i'etn tur'd ^iinavi of a Pallic, ^d. 9. 35. It was by the Gentiles called Diifpoln, and by the CiitijH.uis in the Holy War, denominated from St. George by reafon of a fplcndid Temple built thereby 7"/''"""' «" honour of that Saint, and from an Opinion that he was Martyr'd there ; it was a • Bifliop's See. lldmi, a few Miles from J4.1 c«.t and Of the Ancient State 7r/^(? 0/ Ephraini I fri^, H4»ii:ti.i, ,is little diftant from tiJ./rt were Cities 0: Levitri; tlie lattcf is fuppofed to have been other- wife calld AiamMlo, and fo the City of J^mh who buried our Lord, licthoion, another City of Lei'iKs, ftood on a high Hill more to the North, beautihed by io/owiow, and notable for the Defeat of LyjJM by J;id.i> AfiiKcab.tus. Ca^cr oi Cijan, alfo a City of /.c 11 Iff/ ftood near the South Borders. Thamiin or Thiit/iHJf'^iti lo Miles F.a(l from G.irt;, Jo/hua's Patrimony, and given by him to the Ifrteliies, where he was Bur'ed, it afterwards gave name to a Jurifdidlon called the Top/in hiaThiimd- tic/:. A few Miles mote to the Nortii, ftooj the /^rong Caftlc ///icrtwww;. l'l;.iijto», feared on Mi&unt Amaleino the North-weft of //;uv<7nj/»', theCitycl Ah.ion Judge of Ifr.ul. Siehcm, i o Miles baft from Hyrttinum, othcrwife called Skhr.r, ftood in a Valley betvyeen Mount (.Vm^/w on the South, and Mount El.xl on the North at thi, foot of the former, the City of Siehcm the Father of ll.iincr, who deflauicJ Dinah the Daughter of Jr.cob, feverai times ruined and rebuilt ; and in our Saviour's time in good eftate, honoured with his Prefence, where he con- verted many ; it was a City ot Refuge given to the Levitts, and near it ftood the Well of Jacob, and the Sepulchre of Jofeph-. in its latter State itwasby the Gr.tcians nam'd S'eapolis, and by the Empcrot VeJ'faJian, who placed a Colony there. Flanin (.'</,<- "4, i: is now called Xa/i/f/i, andisitill the chid" City in theft Parts and the Seat of a Sanpiack ; but however in poor condition as we have already fajd in our account of Modern Jiidea; Near this City towards Samaria ftood Mount i;cra:{im, where by the Law, Deut. u. z<). the Bleffings were to L\; read, as on the contrary, at Mount /•;i'4/ over againil .t the Curies. On Gcra:(i>n the Samariitn Temple was b'lilt by Sanballat one of their Princes, whj ruled at the fame time that 'Schcmiah rebuilt the Walls of Jeri.falcm ; where they held the Schifma- tical Worlliip, in oppolition to the Temple at Jtru- falcm ; and to this day there is a fuiall Temple whercm the few remains of that ScCt, peiform their Rites at certain times of the Year. Sarnaia, The Capital of this Country, and the Seatof the Kings of IJ'a.'l, after Oniri Father of Ahab had built and removed the Court to it from ■iW^4, ftood oil Mount Scmetoii in the borders of Manaffts, a ftatcly and magnificent City before the Ajfyrians deftroved it. Afterwards repaired and de- ftrcyed in the jettillli Wars, re-edified and made more ftately by King //ffoJand named Seiaftc, un- der which name 'tis now known ; the broken Mar- bles and ftatcly Columns ftill feen here, ate tefli- inonies of its then beautiful State, butai prefeni it is in Ruins. This was the Metropolis of the Vtlc- Jiiiia a.cmidit under the !{omaiis, an AtchbilTioprick in Chriflianity, and the burial Place of St Join BaptiJI. . This great City is now wholly converted ' into Gardens, and all the tokens that remain to ' teftifie that there has been fuch a Place, arc only ' on the North (ide a large fquare PiaZza, cncom- ' pafled with Pillars, and on the Eaft fome remains ' of a great Church, faid to have been built by the ' Emprefs Helena, over the Place where St. Jo!:n ' Baptift was beheaded ; in the Body of the Church, ' you go down a Stair-cafe into the very Dungco i ' where the Holy Blood filed was. 1 he Turks hold ' this Dungeon in great Veneration. Mr. Mandml 'P.58. Jnhm'' Jtehmrtn, i tail from Si near JokUh. South- eaft, f which flows tiring, was f called D^gon 1 Hill with a Mountain::, where Si-.ul Pi did alfo .>/,rc/>f; Habitation ol Town feated ward, in a Hi farrous on acci nant there ere before the I'hii Having nov iM.iit, we (ha die Territories which took op gate the name Fnta, for that chief Town of ern limit of the fpringing in the ward, and divic and ;urning W ite Lat. 31. 5 c Southern extent tiefe Two Tril of the AMOI{ AMMOXITE teing entirely v; liree declared i Ithfs of Gnd Oleics, and prom Conqucft of the to then. The Territory the half Tribe of it was divided b) of Hfukii on thi ''eft, which fer tber half Tribe { of Ephiaim, am mi and Arabia North fo South, comprehended tl Jtnominated froi ! lie Land of Titr, vkte ,hptl!,i dw HoufebyhisBrei fulandpleafant; Towns Were, Muhnnniw, on Jake, the Place wasmetbythe . ■liiii, wherefore : TteCmip,^ Gen. 11x1 Repute, and ^f"" here fet up KinR againft Dam fjc Rebellion of «ie Place when wlifte a Town /'M, and was f fof we fiud he {'.'"J"', whic ViCtoiious, beai Trik of Reuben. of J U D ^ A. ^t Jeclimm, a City of l.tvitcs, flood lo Milts South- taft from Snmmiii. Tf.plmn, a Royal City flood near Jo.Un. A few Miles from this City to the Souih-caft, flands the AJountainsof Uphraim, out of which flows the Brook Cherith, where F.lij.ih ic- tiring, was fed by the Ravens, i K'"g- • ?• Owr/i, called Dj^oh by JoJrpI us, a flrong Fortrels on a ftccp Hill with a delightful Profpedt, ftood near thcfe Mountains. (:( thremmon, zCityol Levitcs. Naiuth, where S/:iil ProphcGcd : both Itood to the South, as did alfo Miclmir.!, now called hytn a large City, the Habitation of Jontith/tn Mticuh. Silo or Shilo, a Town feated on a >cry high Hill ftill more South- ward, in a flip nf Land lurrounded by iicnjnmin ; famous on account of the Tabernacle of the Cove- nant there credied, and the Ark of God kept in it, before the PhiliJUn'-s took it, i Sam. 4. Having now TravcH'd through Galilee and Sa- )M../i, we fliall crofs the River Joulan, and view the Territories of the Tribes of Cnd and Reuben, which cook op that Country to which the i^muns gate the name of P E R ^ A. Or rather part of Ptrti, tor that extended Southward to i'ct>,t, the chief Town of yl'ubiit I'erx.t. whereas the South- ern limit of the Iftf.clitcs was the River .Inwn, which fpringing in the A-fountiins of /linon runs South- ward, and divides the Land of l{eiibcii from ArMa, and ■urniiig Weltward, falls into the O^tid-Sei in ihe Lat. 31. 50. an Hundred Miles fhort of the Snmhern extent of !'e>\t.i. That Countrcy which thcfe Two Tribes poflefled, had been the Regions cfihe /iMOIilTES, the MIDUSITES, the AMMOXITES and the MO/lBITES, who being entirely vanquifhed by the Ifmelitej, as is at liree declared in the Book of Numbers, the two Tribes of Gnd and Heuben upon their Requeft to A)e/«, and pronufe of aflifting their Brethren in the Conqueft of the Cnrntanites, had this Land afligned torhen. The Territory of the Tribe of G ^ D, lay between the half Tribe of Mia«(i/7"W; on the North, from which it was divided by the River 7"''^' it, and the Tribe of /(rB.'.'H on the South, the River Jordnn on the Weft, which feparatcd it from the Lands of the 0- thcrhalf Tribe of MamJJ'es, and thcfe of the Tribe of Efbiaim, and on the Eaft the Mountains of /li- mn and /Irabia j in extent about 40 Miles from North to South, and 25 from Eaft to Weft. This comprehended the bcft part of the Land of Gilend, denominated from the neighbouring Mountains ; and the Land of Jinb or T./", fubjeiiV to the Ammmitcf, where icphu dwelt when thruft out of his Fathers Houfc by his Brethren, Jud. 1 1 . T'hu Soil was fruit- ful and pleafant ; and the mol^ remarkable Cities and Towns were, Mahittinim, on the North limits beyond the River pine, the Place where Jacob in his return to CnnitiDi, was met by the Wh^c/j of God as an Army to defend him, wherefore he called the Place Mahtiuaitn, i. c. ThtCcmpi^ (Jcii. 31. It wasa Cityof great Strength ind Repute, and therefore reforted to by the K}"y,' ; ^iner here fet up Ijhbofheth the Son of Stiul to be Kinc againft Dnvld, and David retired hither during the Rebellion of his Son Abj(tlom. I'cnucl or Phanucl, the Place where 3nccb wrcftled with the Angel, where a Town was built, feated near the River 7'M, and was grown confidcrable in Gideon's time ; for we find he craved relief of it againft the Mi- ^mites, which being refufcd, and he returning yiftoiious, be« down tlieir Tower, and flew the Inhabitants, Jiid. 8. Succatlj, i. e. Jbe Tabtrnacin or Tents, where Jncoh met his Brother Efau, and was reconciled to him, flood near the River Jordati, a few Miles Welt from Pntiuel. The Inhabitants of this City having refufrd relief to Gideon, he tortured them at his return, tearing their Flefli with Thorns and Briars, Jud. 8. Majpha or Mi:[fetb, the Place where Jepthn refided in his exile, flood in the North- eaft limits of this Province, and was a City of the Levites. Rfibbn or Rabbcth, which ftood i X Miles North from Mi:{fcth on the Banks of the Jabbok. which almoft furrounded it, and therefore called the City of Waters, iSam. 11.17. was the Capi- tal and Regal Seat of the Ammom-.a, taken by Og King of Bafhan, but deferred upon the approach of Mcjes, who there found Og\ Iron Bed nine Cubits long, and four broad » memorable afterwards for the Death of Vrinh, flain at the Siege of it by Duvid'a diretSlion. In later times, the adjacent part of Arnbia being conquered by Ptolemy Phila- delphui King of -iigypt, he re-edified this City arlfl gave it the name of Philudclphf. I{.%moth G:h:id, a City of Refuge belonging to the Levite.', ftf;od a- bout five Miles South from the River J.il'kl^, and 10 Miles South-call from Pen., el, it is of:en men- tioned in Scripture, particularly on account of tba. reconciliation between J -a I and l.,ib:>. ; the Death of W/jdi King of // .If /, who deludeil by t'alfc Pro- phets, went to the Siege of ic when pulllircd by the Syriati.-, I t\hh\'j. and for the anointing feiru King over IJrMl, l Kjug- 9- K^'^elim, the Town of Bur- ^•lliti the Gilcadite, who entertained Oivid in his retreat from Abfolom, ftood near the Eaft Frontier 1 5 Miles South-eaft from H^nmotli Giicad. Tljcjbe, the Birth-place of the Prophet Elijah, ftood near the River Jordan ; near which Town on the North lay the Forefl of Ephraim, in a Wood whereof Abfilom was caught in a Tree by the Hair of the Head, and flain by Joab. Mngeth, a City of large extent. Arnon, at the foot of the Mountain of Armn, and a little above the head of the Biook Amon, fa:(cr or Jahfor, one of the Regal Seats of Og King of Biifljan, was feated on the Brook Anwii, which foon after fpreads out into a Lake, which takes name from the Town: Taken by Mofes, and given to the Levites-, afterwards recovcr'd by the Mc.ibites, then by the Ammonites, and at laft taken by Judui /^'aicab.eii', 1 Mr.c. 5. /iroer, feated on the fame River A:nc>i in the South-eaft Frontier, was a noted City and re- ckoned the Capital of this Tribe. Dibou, on the South Frontier more towards Joidnn, was a To^vn cf note in Jcfhur.h's time. Laftly, Betlfi'arr.m, feated alfo near Jordi-.n mentioned by Jojhu.xh in his Terror of this Tribe. The Tribe of liEVBE>^ lay on the South of that of Gad, over againfl the Tribe of Benjamin, be- tween the River Jordan and fome part of the Dead-Sen on the M^eft, and the River Armn with Arabia Pe- tr.ca on the Eaft and South. Extending about 40 Miles from North to South, and about ism. from Eaft to Weft, And containing many fruitful and well cultivated Valleys amidft the high and craggy Mountains, wherewith the Land is alfo inveftcd ; among which laft Pifgah or Pljfjga, whence Mofes had a view of the Promifed Land. Nebo, another head of the fame Ridge, if not the fame ; for tho' the Maps diftinguifli them, Mcfcs in the laft Chap- ter of Oeut. mentions both fynonymoufly, and fays he had a view of the 1 and and died there. Phcgor to the Top of which Bala\ carried Balaam v curfe th< ■Mi it ■\i>.m fjjf »-«,:' ^ll s" Si ,"311 32 ihe Ifrnelitfs ; ate efpecially rcnutkable. The Moabites, and after them the Amoiitct poll'eircd this Country before the Ifritelitts conquered it ; and this was the Country they firft polTelTed in their emrancc of the Proniifcd Land, and hence patted over Jur- dan into Canaan. The chief Cities of tho l{eiitn>i- ites were, Hefhbon or iC/cion, >the Royal Scat of Si/wh King of the Amoritci, afterwards a City of Levi:ci, Itood on a Hill in the Northern Fronticis of this Tribe. 7<i/< a City of Uvites, ibod about i ■, MiKs South- weft from liJhl'OH, and gave Name to a neighbour- ing Defarr. Bamth-hanl, \. e. Higlt-U/ial, lb named from a Temple to Baal feated on a high Hill, whither alio, Ualnl^ brought Uaiaam to curfe the Ifr/telires, Be:h-fl'ogor, noted for the Adoration there to a Mn.ih.'tijh Idol, ftood between B.imitl-B.ial and Mount I'h i^.ir. Mciu.ti, fcaieU on the River Atuon, was fometime the Capital of the Ammonieti, famous for the Defeat ol' the Syrims by Jonh, i Chidii. 1 9. Mrplut, ftated alio on the Amm more Southward, was mcinioncd in the Hiftory of the Maccabcan War wherein it was burnt, and the Inhabitants put to the SworJ. Abil.i, a City in the Plain Country of •»Aj<j/', which yielded priat (tore of Palm-Trecs, ftood fix or (even Miles Halt from the River Jordan, and as many South from Juja abovementioncd. Edom or Adr.m, feated near the Banks of Jciu.tn, where the Ifraelites palled over dry foot to Gilgal; near thefc two Jalt named Towns it was, that Elijah was taken up to Hv;aven in a fiery Chariot. Sethim or Sitlm, where the Ijrnelites committed For- nication with the Daughters of Midian and Moab ; and notable for the Wood whereof the Ark \vas made, fuppofcd to be named from this Town. Ht- thabara, on the River Jofdan where St. John Baptiz'd, and near which Mojes made his exhortation to the I/rael.'te.'. Livias, feated aifo on J"''''''" more South- ward, was of more modern date, being built by Herod, and (o named in horn ur of Livin the Mother of T'bcrins, Mitchriiis, a ver\ Itrong I'ortrefs built hy Alexindcr Jnnin.tui King of the Jews, Itood on a high Hill on the North Shear ot t!ie Deitd-Sen -. Some Authors fay, it was here that St. John Bi/i- f/ji' was Imprifoned and Beheaded, altho' the T/c/;^ as we have laid llicwed the Place at Sam^tria. Bo- for or Bc:^rit, a City of Refuge given to the Lrvitci, Itood a few Miles from Aiichcnis, and fix Miles North from the Slioar of the Dcud-Se.-i. L.ajn or Lajhn mcnrioncii G.*.. 10. 19. in later Days named Calliirl:\- by the G fc^/, from the fair Fcuntains ilTump from the neighbouring Mountains, and the Salubrious Springs both hot and cold, which made an excellent Bath of great Virtue in Convulfive Di- Itempers. And laitly Ksdcmnh, otherwife named Jethjon, a Gity of the Levitei, feated near the River jtrnon ; whence ^lojcs fetit his Embalfage to Sihon King of the Awo'ira. Now crolfiiig the River back again we ihall fur- vey the remaining pait of the Holy-Land, name- ly Jud.vii ptojii in or that part named Jtidjca by the l\i.ma»s, JV D E A, was bounded by the Mcdittrmnean- Sca on the Welt, the River Jordan and the Drad-Scil on the Eaft- The Country of the Tribe of E'l-nim on the North, and Idumai on the South. The S( 1 very Fertile, but diverfilicd with variety of Hills and Valleys, and pieafant Streams of fmall Kivulcts. In this Extent, it comprehended the Lands Of the Ancient, St ate IribeoJ Ephraiai I Tribe of \ that were poltflcd by the Tiiboof Bi.j.tmiii, Jui^:, liau and Simeon. 1 he Territory of the Tribe of It E N J -/ .>//,v bordcr'd on the North upon that of Ephiain on [he S«uiii upon the Tiibe of Hdal\ on the Eilt it wai bounded by the River 3ordnii^,u\\ on die Well I'hihjiU and part ol the Tribe of /).;/, lay Letwciji it and the Mcditert<tncf.n-ic>:. The chief Wiicj were, AVii', the fanheft City to the Weft of this Tribe. Kobe or Neb, a City uf i.cnt.-t where die Ark fun.c- timereiided, after ^V/i/; was taken by ihe i'hiiijiinr,^ where Dni;i J obtained oi Ah:ii,ileJi\.W Priclt, hal- lowed Bread, and received the Sword of v,Aij', I Sani.-n. Giieun or Hahoii, as it is written by Ad:icl)omius, ftood about five Miles Well from .".,', the Capital of the Oibeonitei, who by a Wile gn' Peace and Proteifion from JLjhucI; in wh«fe Utleiuj hghting againil the live Amonitifo Kings ; he by his Prayer made the Sim ftand (till .1 whole Diy, till they were utierly Defeated, Jijl: 9. Thcf. I'c^- plc therefore dwelt among the Ijrncliies perfuruiing fcrvile Works, and becauic of Ji/hual'i Oatli, God inllitfted Famuu; on the Land, in Punilhment for Sam's deftroying them, 2 S.nii, 1 1 . Gib:/:h or G.iij;, a City of Leiitii, the Birih-place of King .V».,,, ftood ic or li Miles Notih-weft from Ciico. ; Me- morable for the Story of the abufc conimiticd by the Betijamitcs on the Lcvitci Concubine, to reveiK which, all Ijasl rofe in Arms and deltiojiJ 15000 Men of the Tribe of Btv/amm, bclidesall the Women and Children, the particulais fee m itie 19,10, and II. Ji'dji. Bethel, before nanu'J ;,.i^, but changed by the Patriarch facob who gave it this Name, which (ignihes the Houfe of God, in Me- mory of bis Vifion of Angels afcending and defccnd- ing. Gen. 18. Infamous afterwards for the Golden Calf fet up in it by King Jeroboam : It was fome- time part of the Kingdom of 7/. ,(i/, but cnnqucr'd by King Abijah, it became fiibjedl to ihcKiii((of Jiid.ilj, and was ftrongly fortified by King ■i'n. Hji or //(', a Royal City of the i:an.ia>i.ies taken by ■jo/hiiah, numorablc on account of the Oefcat of the //<if//ffj at their Urlt atiacking it, by Gods Pu- nilhment on Wc/.'j/.'s Sin, j*'//'. 7. (j'l'/ij.n or G(i/§(i.j, near the Banks of J rd.in where ihe IJinfliti' pallid over in their entrance to Canj.m, the Place where they firft pitched their Tents, ^f^hcrcj rjhiM' fet up twelve Stones for a Memorial of the Waters dividing for their cafie palfage, Jofl.\ 4. and where W^j^ was hewed in pieces by Samuel, 1 Sam. 1 5. Tliis was one of the Seats of Juftice inftituted by S.mutl, I Snm. 7. The other two were Betliei and Mi:{pjl; or Majfhf., which ftood in the limits of this Tribe alfo; a few Miles Well from .Voir. Anathith aCiiy of Levices, the Birth-place of 'Jeremiah the Pro- phet, ftood in the mid-way between Ciigul and Jcrujhlcm. Jericho, a large populous and Royal City abound- ing with Groves of Palm-trees ; which being be- fieged by Jc/huah, the Lord wrought a Miracle in their Favour, and upon the founding of the Ram's- horn Trumpets, the Walls of the City fell down, Jofl:'. 6. It was dettroyed by Ji.jhu.ih with a Curie upon the Rebuilder, however in the Days of King Ahab, Hiel a Betheiitc rebuilt ir, but J(/bii.ih\ Cuife had fuch effciit at that diftance of time, thai he loll two of his Sons for it, 1 Kjng. 16. 34. Since Chrifiitinity, it was taken and ruined by Vrjfifu«, and re-edified by Adrian, but vifitcd by Tntvemt, and Tribe of Benjamin. of J U D ^ A. •nd Mr- '*''«'"'"•' in our D«ys, appeujt forryVil- lige of 3° or 40 Houres ; ic ii leated on a lictle Rivulcc with which the Jordinkxmi a lictle liland, 10 Miles South from Gil/^d and xo Eaft from Jtru- filim. Almath near Jericho, was a City of Levitts. JE^t'J/t /. £ M, or Hicrofiilem, the Capital of ill the Land, ftood in the Soutb-eaft limits of this Tribe, fo near Judr.h, that part of the Gity ftood within their Territory. When pofleffej by the Je- Utei it was called Snlcni, whence we may fup- pcfe its Name was derived, JebufnUm, q. d. Sulem of the Jthtifiit!, melted afterwards into Jerufjlem. Being taken by King David, he immediately fct to Voik to rcedific and adorn it, and in effedt.hc and his Son after him, made it one of the moft magnificent Cities of the WorlH. In its mod flourilhing State it confiftcd of four Parts, which were fcparatcd by Walls ; vi^. I . The old City of the Jebufi'cs which ftood on Mount ^lon, where the Prophets dwelt, ind where n.iiid built a flrong and Magnificent Caflle, the Palace of himfelf and his SucccfTors ; wherefore this was afterwards called the Cliy of Divid. The Pallacc was cncrcafed and nioft fump- iBoofly beautified by King Herod, and iiifcribed to Airlep.i and Cxjr.r. 1. The lower City beeaufe pjrtly feated in a Valley, called alfo the Daughter of \io«, being built alter it ; wherein fttwd ^olc- mra's Palace, the Palace he built for his Wife, the Pilacc of the KUccf.hii-.n Princes, Ihrcd's magiiifi- ctnt and fplendid Theatre and Amphitheatre, the latter capable of receiving 80000 People, the Citadel built by the Syri.m King /liitioclui to over- top the Temple ; for which rcafon razed by A > won M£{.vitx.v», and the Citadel built by Ueadon a crag- gy rack, which he named /Int^nim in honour of Marc Antoii). j. The new City inhabited by the Mechanicks. And 4. Mount M'rinb where Abra- hm attempted to Sacrifice If/tac, and where after- wards the Temple was built by Solonon, whofe fjmptuous Scruiftiire is fo particularly dcfcribcd in the 6 and 7ih. Chap. 1 K'^'S- that we need not en- large on it here. The Deftruiftion of it by the B/i'';- /.w'jri under Ncf'ud'aJnc^^ar, i Kj"!',- 24. l C/ir. 36. and the Re-ftrudlure after the Captivity by ^e- rtinW and the Priefls, E^ra. 3. are alfo fo well tnoivn that wc need only mention it : But Herod's Rc-ftrui3urc we ate lefs acquainted with, that Prince pulled down the old Building, and ercdling it wholly new with as much Magnificence as So- hmtn had done, endeavouring if poirible to ex- ceed it. The building was of white Marble, each Stone whereof was 15 Cubits long, 8 Cubits high, and IX Cubits broad, Jofiphui, Antlq.lit. i^.c. i.^. It was built in moit Princely manner, the middle part riling high above the fide Ifles, and exceeding tb- fornicr Temple io Cubits in heighth, the whole adotn'd with Columns, Carvings and Gildings ill mod fplendid manner ; it was alfo furrounded with the four Courts as Solomon's had been, and ap- peared fo Magnificent and truly Glorious, that Titnt the l^mnn General laboured all that in him lay to prevent its DcftrudJioii, merely for its beauty fake ; but the Jewi being retired thither wlien the Hftnen Soldiers entered by Storm, the diforder was fo great that 'twas impoifible for him to prevent their firing it: So that it ftood not above 85 Years. The Fates of this City anid Temple were thus, Duvid^ndi Solc- mm built and adotn'd it, -*. M. 1900 to 2934. Ktl:mhiidni:^litr took it and deftroycd both the City and Tempk about 3361. Aftct 70 Years Captivity, II the Jews being releafed by Cyrus in the firfl Year of fail Reign, rr«urned to Judta and Rebuilt the City. Herod who wai made King of Jiid.tti, A. M. J913. Adorned the City with many fplendid builcfingt, particularly that part which had been called before the lowet City or Daughter of ^lon, infomuch that that part obtained afterwards the name of Herod's City ; and rebuilt the Temple a* abovefaid. Herod pofliiffed Jcruftilem 37 Yeari before the Birth of Clirijt, and A.C. 71. Jerufalem was taken and deftroycd by the Rjinnxni nndet Titus Vrffitfian. The following States of it we liave already told in our account of Modern Judra, and fo we ftj^ll here conclude thif Subjedl. Thefe Placet near Jerufalem being often men- tioned in Scripture, muft not pafs without notice, vi^. Mount Olivet, which took its name from the great number of Olives growing on it, ftands on the Eaft fide of the City, and was fe/tile in divers Fruits and agreeable Plants, as Myrtles, Pines, Palms, (s!c. From its higheft Sommet oui Saviour afccnded into Hea- ven, in memory whereof the Einprefs Helena built a Chapel there, as we have elfewbere fhewn. The Vality of Jeholnphitt lay between the City and Mount 0/it>;(,being waier'd and made fruitful by the Brook Kfdron which run through it. In thisValley are fhewn the iVell of Nehemiah ; the Pool of Siloain ; the Fount/tin of the Blcjjod Virgin, the Pillar of Solomov, the Tombs of Jehofophat and :^nchii>y, and the Totnb of the Bleffcd Virgin. Alfo in this Valley at the foot of. Mount O/i'wf ftood the Village G«//i»MMf, ad- joy ring to which was the Garden where our Saviour was betrayed. At the end of the Valley of Jehc- faphisi towards the City lies. The Valley of Hinnom, on the Wcfl fide of which lies the Poitcrs-field , called the Field of Blood, and made a burying Place ; it is a Plat of about 30 Yards long and 1 5 broad, the Earth of which is reptirteil to confume the Corps put into it exceeding fooii, which is believed by lAx.Sundy's, but contraditflcd. by Mr. Mntideril. Mount Calv.try where our Saviour was Crucified,' ftood on the Weft fide of the Ciry without the Walls, but by the Emperor Conft/Mitiu.- it was taken in, and the noble Temple built upon it, which we have dcfcribcd in our account of the modern State of this City. Mount Gion or Gihon, where Solomon was anointed King, ftnod alfo on the Weft at a farther diftance. The Valley of l{aph.ii>not of Giants, which was very fertile in Oil, Wine, Corn and all forts of Fruits, lay alfo on the Welt fide the City. The Valley of Tofhet, called alfo the Valley of the Sons of Hinnom, Jay on the South-eaft at the footof the Mount of Offence, and was full of green Plats, Gardens and Groves, and water'd with the Brook Kedron, Laftly, Bethany, a fmall Village on the Road that leads to Jericho, was made famous by our Saviour's taiCmgLa^/irus from the dead there. The Territory of the Tribe of JVDAlf lay next to Benjtmin on the South, extending to the Moun- tains Sfirand Frontiers ofldiimiit, in length 60 Miles; bounded on the Eaft by the D^itd-Sen, and on the Weft by the Tribes of Dun and Simeon. It was reckoned the largeft and moft populous Province of the whole Country, and the Inhabitants were cftcemed the moft Valianr, which with its bein^ the p Royal I f u Roy»l Tribe, rendered it famous above the reft, and made its name be communicated to the wbolo Country. The 1 Jiid was beaucilied' wiih a very pjeafant variety of Hills, Valleys, Plains, Rivuleu, uiA abounded with Paftnres and Vineyards ; Ex- cept toward the Soiithciii part, where the neighbour- ing Sand and Rocks of IJumxj, communicated it» Soil, and rendered it partly Defaic. The ('<i. wiaiiiies ftridly (o called dwelt here, and the Pa- triar:h Abrnhvn had his Seat and Sepulchre in this Province. The chief Places in /w''"'', were Lilmi, A ftronj; City fcated in a narrow neck of Land fart of this Tribe, which runs out Northward between liftijumin and "■" ; it revdited from King 3iir(.in, and became a Free State. MaceJa or J*lck_- lifiiri, ^ Royal City where the five Amotiti Kings Jay hid in the Cave, Jcfh. i c 15. /f^f Jo, where God rained down great Hailllones upon the Am- monlrts to deftroy thcai, 7oJ].\ 9. 1 1, it was a well fortified City, and flood alVo'in a North-weft cornet near /.(5«rt and Me(ki\l'i, in the Valley of T.'i«riMf/>, and revolted .tllb .it the fame time with Libna. Neat thcfc Cities wau the place whrre Dnvid killed GolifJ\ £a''\r or B-'//-/e .', i.e. Hoiifc an a I{pck^, being a flronp Fortrefs fcated on a Rocky Hill fix or fevcn Miles South firm Jcrujnlem : Firft fortified by King ^:bibni::, and atV;rwarc!s made impregnable by the Of the /nctent State Trihe 0/ Judah. I irtbcof lowed by D*vid retired into the Wildernefs of f.na, bid himfelf in a Cave, where being fol StuI, he cut off th« Skirt of his Raiment in ihj Night, to ihew hiin next Day that his Life wai in his Power. OJilla, a Royal City taken by Jcjhutk Ji^uU or CtiU, a fmall City which David rcfcucd with great Slaughter of I'hitiflinei, i Sam. 13. f/,. bion, before called Arbii antf Kjijttb.A'ba, a mod ancient City of Canaati, bouaht by Abmham for j Burying Places near it lay the Plains of Mtmtc where /Ibri-.hamt Tent and the Oak flood, under which he entertained the Angels .■ After the /E^f. tiiin Captivity this Town was given to CM, mj made a City of Refuge ; when Dnvid came to ib« Crowrf he made this his Royal Scat till he took and rebuilt 7(1 )(/<■/(»> : It flood on a Hill 24 Miles Somh from Jerufttcm. /ether, a City of Levitts. Jt. reiiieth and Taphn/t, two Royal Cities conquered by J'fl.uitl; flood near one another in the Weftcni Borders. KJijath-jedriw, where the Ark of the Covenant abode for lo Years after it was recovered from the PhiliJ}inej, flood on a Hill in the Borders of D/tn, to which Tribe it is placed by foirc, but being declared Jojh. 18.14. •" ^^e o( Juiali, we ought not to place it clfewhere. Je^rnel, the Birth- place of Amnjah, the General 0!' Abjahni Forces flood five Miles South from H:l ran. \ipl', which gjvc Maccab.'i, Umau!, a Village fevcn Iviilcs and half name to the Neighbouring WilderntG, wlicrej mm t'.iftant fi'-in/f rw^c/cm to tlicSouth-wttt.faniousforout Lord's fliewing himfelf ai'icr his Rcfurredion to C'co- fl'i-.s and riv >jrher Difl'iple, \-uk..-ii, : And rcfortcd to for the Hut Li.ulis r.eai ir, mentioned by iV^fswww as Miraculous, and by ^rf^-phui as natural. Thf* Town W.1S afterwards called Nicopmit, when re-cdi- fic'Jby the Rnnans after the dcftriiflion of Jeru[nkn:. Jie^'.-k the Royal Seat of King A.ioni-^edcl^, who (lirred the four other Kings to come with him in Battle againft the IJinelin-i, J f.\ id. hcthlel^em fiirr.aiticd of J"'kl; to diftinguiihit from Bcihichcm of Z^abtiloii, o;hcrwirc named Euilvi-.tu, bi'iltbythe Jcbi/iici, the Birth-place of King D-niH, whence it was alfo cilicd the City of Div/.y, flood five or fix Miles South from Jnifilcm : Famous to all Eternity fir being honoured with the Birth-place of our BIcflcd Lord Jc/m Cljnjf, and for the Slaughter of innocent Babes by llercit, wherein a Son of his own was killed : The Town jiflly tcfpeifled by the Pri- mitive Ch-ftiMis, and beautified with a rtately Temple over the Place of tlic Birth, bu:It by*tlic Fmprcfs //:/riM as we have already told our Reader in the account of Modern Judxn. Ti'jccua or Tccoti,^ was leated on a Hill a ftw Mile- ii'Jant from Bcthlc- l-cw, fiuroundcd with excellent ',af u:>:3, the Birth- place of the Prophet Amm^ anu of ihi Woman that rtrfwadcd Dnvid to recal Jonat'rmi. in the Wilder- nefs near it the Monbitc-, (Jc. •, so v;amc againfl Jc- hojr.ftut to battle, were upoi> his I'rayer, confounded by God and dcflroycd one another, z C.l>r. 20. ^oar Tfohr \ orSigoi, formerly called Bf//r, flood 15 Miles South from Jericho, near the Cnafts of the Dcad- Sra, on.' of the Pcr.tiipi.lis or five Cities doomed to Ueflrudhnii, (t)ie other four being Sodctn, Gomorrah, •Seboim and Ad.imr) but prcferv'd by l-ot's entreaty, Gen. 19. zz. I'.ngr.dJi before cali'd Afafonthnmar, 7. r. the City of Balm-Trees, built upon a high and Itecp Rotk on the Rank of the Dc.id-iea, in a Coun- try noted fiir its quantity of Balm-Trees, and other fragrant Plants. It gave name to the neighbouring Mountains, and near it was the Cave that Lot and liis Daughters retired to from the Fire of Sedom. Dnvid hid himfelf from Saul, flood on a Hill ^ Miles South from Hebron ; 'twas m this WilJernds that David vi'u\\ Ab.jhii cimc into S^h/'s Camp by Night, and carried away his Cup and his Spcii from his Bed-fide, which he (hewed next Djv is 1 Teflimony, that it was in hiS Power again to hait flain him. Maon, which flood a few Miles mote to the South, in a Dcfart Country full of Groves, Caves and Dens, afl'orJed alfo a Place of Refuge to David. Holon or Oloti, a City of Lnitct, ttoojilx Miles Eaft from AfjoM. Gc:;^c>i, near it gave name to a Territory. Mount Cmmel, ditferent from tlut £.V/?M frctiuentcd, which as we have already faid flood far North, was the Place where Churlilh Ne. bn, dwelt. Southward from hence flood Celo, the Birth-place of Achitopt.'ci. CaffocI, on the cxtrcam South Point of the Dead-'>ea, and H.ijor or C//i;/iir, a Frontier towards Hutnxa. In the limits of this Tribe, near the Coaflsof the Deal-Sea a. few Milci South from E>ifa.ldi, flood the ftrong Forttefs of Maffa.l.r, often mcntion'd by /o/''/'''.'" as impregnable, built by "J"^"' Maccab.cus, and by hlerod much en larped, improved, and beautified, who alfo built a Palace in it, the Walls were fcven Fiirlonps in circuit, and the Town flood on a l-igli Hill called Ccllis AchiU.c, whereon were FielJs yield- ing Corn to fupply a Garrilbn. Aiii fucii was iis Strength, that it held out the longeft of any againft the Upmani. Adjoining to the Tribe of Jiidab on the Weft, lay thcTribesof Oik ii\d Simeon j and beyond them on the Sea-Coafts, lay the Country polfelfed by the PHlLtSTlNES, who were at firft Mailers of aD the Coaft, from the Borders of Phanicia to thepron- tiers of Idum.ea, but Jappa and all Northward the Ifraelites had recovered j fu that what they held du- ring the flourilliing State of i/i or/, confifted of the fix Towns, GntI', Acarcn, A^ctus, Afcalon, Ga:(a, and Majuma, and the Land adjoining. Of which we will now fpeak before v»c enter Dan, Thefe Inbcof Simeon. <>/ J U 1) IB, A. 3<: TJiefe Tlicfc were all Strong and Populous, and afforded Potent Annies, which being alw.)ys allinrd and vn- crcali'l by tlic EJomitri, pave the //"<r/<>f/ asgreac JiftutKirKC as any of their lincmics whatfoevcr. They were an Iitoiatrous People Worlhipping li^-on^ Sci\chii\ and other IJoIj ; tlicy were alfo of flnvsg anil Gigantick Stature, defcendcd from Cnfli^Nm and Cifthmt'" of the Kace of Mi^i.iim, :itid i.'>nquciid this Coiinti y before iht; time of yllrnham, whofe King ;ilw,i\s bore the name of Atimflrch, as thofe ot Mfjj: lii'l tlic name of Pharoah for many Ages. Tncf w^re cruel Finemies to the Ifi-aetitei for many Ages; Sfitnffni lif(( broke their Forre ; Dnvid over- threw them in nuiiy Battles, and todkOnth ; O^/* defeated them; Ih^ekiith chaftis'd them; and the Maccdeii finally dellroyed them. Gith or Gcth, ftood on the Coaft of the Mediter- rinci-.'i-^ni in the Lat. of ji. ii. about 2; Miles Weft from Jrru/alem, it was the Birth-place of Goliiii) and many other Giants, a ftrong and popu- lous City, taken by Vavid and difinantlcd, rebuilt by B^kbonm, and again dcmolithed by V\:{iah, and afterwards by Ih^nel King of Sjiria ; all which fo cMually fupprelled its ancient Grandeur, that it became of little note. In the Chnjii.vi times, Fiill;^ King of Jertif.tlcm built a Caftic on its Ruins. /kci:ro>i, iiond about 1^ Miles South of G.iil\ and two or three Miles from the Sea- Coaft ; it was a Itrong and wealthy City, the Scat of their Idol Bitl:^cbub, and often mentioned in Scripture. /f^rtuj or Afhdod, 'vSere ftood the Temple of Vn- jjfi, into which th-. Ark of the Covenant being brought when it was taken at Sikh, the Idol fefi down and broke to pieces ; the City ftood near the Sea-Coift 1 7 or 18 Miles South from Accaron, and was for a long time in very flourifhingState ; 'Jona- tlm Muccabxus took it, put the Peo['lc to the Sword, burnt the Temple and Idol of Dagm, and therewith a great number of the Inhabitants who had fled to it for iheltcr ; the l{pmiins rebuilt it, and in the time the Chrijti.trs polfcflcd this Country, it was an Epifcopal See, now a forry Village. yljcaloii, featcd .ilfo on the Sea-Coalt, at about the fame didance more South from /l^o/w as that wasfiom /icciiron ; was reckoned the ftrongeft of all the P/j;7//(H« Cities, and therefore we hear Icfsofit' late in Scripture than of the other Cities, being we fuppofc fcldom attickt. In Cl)ulii.-:nity it was a Bi- ihops See, and in the Holy War was beautified with a new Wall and many fair Buildings by our King%/)/iiJ I. A Temple built here in Honour to ('I'CfU the Mother of Hcmii nmis, who by the Poets w.isfeiijned to be turned into a Filh in the neighbour- ing Lakc,exprefs'd by Ovid in his Mctatiiorphj . 6. was retorted to by the Htlmick,!, as alfo another of Apollo. Gii^4, of like diftancc more South, ftood alio near the Sea-Coift on a Hill environed with Valleys, and thofe again with Hills, planted with all forts of deli- cious Fruit, and was a large and ftrong City : Ta- ken by CdiV'-, but recovered by the PhiUJlines ; no- table on account of Sumpfin, who tore the Gates o- pen, when they attempteii to confine him in the City, and carried them away on his Shoulder to the top of a neighbouring Hill. Alexander the Great deftroyed it, but 'twas rebuilt and made fstax. rc- llftance againft the Mnccabets, yet taken at laft. And Lattly, Mnjitm.i, a few Miles South from ^1^'t featcd cm the Sea-Coaft, and the mouth of the Rivulet Bi'for, was a Town of lefs note than tjie former, and chiefly remarkable by being the forttoG«^<». The Tci ritory of the Tribe of DAN, w.is bound- ed on the North by V.pt mim ; on the South by the I.and of' the Tribe of 'itmeon j on the F.aft by thofe ot Be>«'/iminin<ijud,ih, and on the Weft by the Mt- diteri^menn-Sea, and the Country ot the I'lilijlines. Its estrcam length from North to South u.is about 45 Milei, but (hen in the Northern paitu was very nariow, and in the Southern not excieding 15 Miles 111 Breadth. The chief Towns were, Joppa^ hodie Jaffa, a very a<acnt Sea Port Town, built on a Rock on the Bat As. of the Mediitri»iiean^ Sea, in the exiream North part of this Tribe, and irj the Latitude 31. ir^ Vamous in thole times fcritE Haven the only ( uc of Jndia ; the Place where Jonah took (hipping, when he fled from the Prefcocc of God; where Peter raifcil lhrc.it to life, and where ina Vifion he wis exhorted to Convert the Gcntilci : By the F.thnickj ft'd to be the Place where Andro- meda, was refcucd from the Sea Monfter by Perfciu^ notable in the time of the Maccaliecj, foi the butn- ing of the Syrian Fleet before it ; taken and deftfoy- cd by the Homans, rebuilt in the Holy War by Kin(> Lents oi france. Anno M-jo. and now decayed and but a forry Town. Jatiwi/i, a few Miles South from Joppa, ftood alfo on the .Sea CoafI, in a pleafant Champion Country .■ it is often mentioned in the Maccakci-.n War ; anil in Clr.jli.mitf was a Bilhop's See. Caffhin, a fortified Town felted on a fniali Lake Gx Miles Fall of Jaiw.ia. Gci'i«cmnio>i, a City of Levites ftood (ix or fcven Miles South from CaJ- phin. Thamna or 'V^amn/ita, where 'ju.ii:h (hore his Sheep, and where Snmplon (lew a Lion. Bci'ufcmc}^ near the Sea-Coaft fix or fi'vcn Miles South from G.ith, a City of Levites, whither the Ark wasbrought: by the Yoke of Kine loofcd by the PhiUJlines, and where a great number of the Inhabitants were ftain by God, for having looked into it, i Sam. 6. Aja- lon, on the Frontiers of Judah, a City of the Le- vites, where 'tis faid the Moon ftood ftill at the Prayers I of Jo/huah, as the Sun did at Gibeonn Lachis, notable for the Death of Ama:(iah King of Judah. Modin, fcated on a Hill, the Place of Birth and Sepulchre of the Maccabee Princes, whofe Tombs of white Marble were built fo high as to be a Land Mark for Seaircn. Bltcce, a City ot Levites : nrar this City ftood Lehi or the Utimoth- Lehi oi Sempfon, where he flew icco Philifiines with the Jaw-bone of an Afs. Gihbahon or Gabathon, a City of Levites, but fome time pofTeircd by the Vhilijiines, at the Siege whereof Nadab the Son of 7f ro^o<jw was (lain by Bimfha, i KJ^ig. i'^. Satraox X^ora, a neat Town in a Plain, remarkable for the Birth of Sampfin : Near it is the Fountain called tons JEthyopis, faid to be that wherein Philip Bap" tized the Eunuch. Kehol-Efixoi, i.e. xhe Torrent and Valley of the Clujier, where the Ifraelite Spies, cut * Bunch of Grapes fo big as to b^; carried between two Men, and Pomegranates and Figs, to carry back to Mofcs ; viiA in the South limits of this Tribe. The Tribe of S/ATKON poflefled the reft of Judjea, extending from the Frontiers of Dan, to the exiream Southern limits of Judta, where it was bounded by the Brook Sicbor or River of ^gypt^ which parted it from Idumra. A Country which in its South Parts, was very Rocky and Barren, and therefore the Rivulet Befir may be reckoned, its Boundary, beyond which they had fewer no Towm^i and being (hut up between the two Rivoletson Norii and South, the Tribe of Judafi on the Eaft, and the F t Philifiinet sal; i m ,.->! : w mi 3« 0/ the Ammt State, &ci Idumcea, Vhitiflint! on the Weft ; they had fo little room, and fo much difturbancf From the fLilijHres and lUomitft, that they were forced to difpcrfc thcmlilvcs amoni; all the Tribes, in the Oflice of Scribes and Nota- ries. Their chief Towns were, S'^^-'S or Sicrlr';, a Town formerly poffcfled by the I'hiiijlinci, which yichi/h King of Oath gave to tiavt(t, for a Refuse againll Saul, llnin or Wf«, a City of Ltvitcs. Il.jrtiir. or llcrmn, a Royal City fubducd by 7i/'"'""'- lii'bir, before called ^;.iV;rtf/.- Sefki, i. e. City ot l.cnining, faid to be the Univcr- (ity of Judcii, at firit poiVelled by the Sons of y/H.it of Gigantick Stature, taken by OWn/f/and given to the Liiita. Gn/ir or Ccrara, a Royal City the Boundary of the Cr.nr.^jiirn, and the Seat of the two jihimelechs, in the times of --/iivi/i.iiw and //?Mc. Brf- Jh.h ot Berjr.L.; named from the Well and the Oath between /li-'itl'tim and Aliimclcd', (icn. ii. Itond near the Brook Dcjor in the moft South limits of JwUi, and oil that account often mentioned in Scripture, memorable for the Grove ther; planted l>y Ahrd'nm, and the wandrings of HagAr and her Son Ifw.i.-I, when turned out of Abrahtv'i Houfe ; where alfo the Prophet FJijah retired. Beyond this is a fandy Dcfart uninhabitable ; except on the Sea- Coaft, where ifands two Towns, Anthedon, a fniall Port-Town deftroycJ by Alex/indu King of theJciTx, rc-editied by llercd and named Ag>ippias, And l{l>i- nocorura hodic I'hammkf., in the very extrcam South, at the River Sicht^ or River of ''lig,ipt : which Town was fomctime poflelfed by the JEji^iptiatii ; in the Holy War it was ftrongly fortified, to oppofe the I'u'ki Auxiliaries coming from -I'-ii^ypt. We have now Travelled through all the Country., pofrcded by the Twelve Tribes oflfmcl. To which we muft add IDV M .1'. a before we clofe this Chap- ter ; for that was the Country of the Poftenty tf tlie other Son of jyi.if, namely ii/j//, and wasfubjcded to Jiidahby King D.iij,/;'tis ttiie in the wickedRcign cf Jchornm, they revolted and made themfelvesa King, as we are told 2C'hron. zi. and continued a feparatc People always at Enmity with the IJ ccliici for many Ages, yet at laft being conquer d, and the Inhabi- tants Circumcifed by //j>c.>»hj about 170 Years be- fore Chrift ; it was juflly enough eftcemed part of PtiUjiiUil by the HonnDn, anil fn marie t\^p (iirh Parr in their Divifion, as we have elfewhere Ihewn. iDl'M.E/;, lay on the South of Jiidah, between the Meditcn itnrnn-Sca on the Weft, and Arabin i'c- traa on the Eaft and .South. It is a Country of a dry fandy Soil, deftitute of Water, except in Wells here and there Dug by the Inhabitants, and there- fore no wonder it was always partly Delait. On the North runs a long Ridge of Rocky Moun- tains, named the Mountains of Stir, denominated from Ejc.u, for the Word figniticd Hairy, alluding to to the Hairynefs of l'.J;u. Towards the Sea-Coait the Earth is Prclitick enough, and yields Palm-trees in abundance ; the famous Balm grew plentifully here in old times, but at prcfent there is none to be found. As to the State of this Country, now and for many Ages part, little can be laid ; for the Na- tives ateof the Arabian kind, a wild roving People, with whom none of our Enrupcnn Nations have cvei- converfed, and from whom, altho' we had commn- nication, 'tii not probable any thing could be learnt, iiiice thev are fo far from Polite, that 'tii to be doubted whether they have any kind of Lito/itwe among themjfo that wccan tell the Reader nothing of Ciiiea 01 Towns fcated here at pielent, and might pafs it over without fuither notice, if the frequent mcna.,» in Scripture of the lidomitts, did not require an at count of its ancient State. I'o fpeak therefore of this Countrey fu tar as ij nLcelfary for the better undcrlianding tlie Scripturi; we mult tell you ; the firlt Inhabitaiirs wcie the }uiiu-s, as we arc told (<>". 14. whom /-.y-iii ful-. jedfd, when he retreated into Mount S<'/>, tojcavi room lor his Brother 7"''/' in Cmi.i.w. From /;/,-, who is alio Hjmi, as it is over and over exprclltil i;l Scripture, the People were called ELmita, wAc. which name we find them very ofreii meiitu-iiul in the Wars of 7Hr/<j/j and//vjf/; called alio l..i,msi either by Latinizing Edom, or from the I.lum.ui., a jPeople of A'Anf. i';'ix, who are laid to have tot- fook their own Country and I'lantcd licic. Thcv were a Rude and Barbarous People, (unernfil to; fomc time by Kings, a 1 ift uf eight of which is let down by hUja, Got. ^6. who reigned betciu any King cr Government was ellabiilhcd in Ij.!..- But the Succelfion was broke, and the (iovcrnmcH was fomctimes Patriarchal in their fevcral Tribc>, and fomctimes Regal over all. When MJs ki i.h.c Ifmclites out of A-.gypt, we may Uippofc it in this laft State, for 'twas to the King of /:,;.«;, that he fent to delire Pail'age thro' the Land, (.V.w, 10.) The churlifh anfwer of whom, to the d\:\ Entreaties and Declarations !•!">/:'■.', is an iiiftance of the Rudcncfs of that PeopiC. i'iio' protcciled by God at that time, ( Dent. 1. ) yet they were con- quer'd afterwards by King O.ivid, ( 1 S.nn. S.] ar.l govern 'd by his and his Siicccflbrs Vice-Ro\i tor a- feout 160 Years ; .it the cml of which, tak r,e advantage of the loofc Reign of JcAo/wi, Snu "• Jehcfnphat King of Jiidah, they threw off the Yuke and refumed their own Government, and were never afterwards Reduced till the Maecabcr.it tuucs, \vhc:i Joa)i/:cs I^yicanu! conquered the. Edcmitii, nnii nude them receive Circnmcifion and the I. aw of Mcjc:, (Jifiphiis Aiiti.j, Lib. 13. C'/'. 14.) With the icli ci 3ud.cit, afterward conquered by the /(;mj''.', and ilnce by the 'i'urki, but it does not appear thele nuir. taiii any Government here, e:;ccpr on the Sci-Call for ftcuring the Road from A\^_^pi WJu.i.fr., wiioct llood Ibme Caftlcs and a few fcattcr'd VilLijic,-,, 3- TTirjiic which mriitinnrd by Travellers, are Li .;'j or Arijj'.i, as 'tis named by Sandys, fcated not far from the Frontiers of JiuUn, and two Miles from the Sea, a Caftle with a Gatrifon of 100 SoMicr;, lurrouiidcd by a few ordinary Houles, and furnifb. eu with good Water. Salhia, where a Wc//'i rcliic; Handing more towards the Frontiers of -fy;:. lint, a Town upon the Sea-Shoar, and C.i.'iin Calllc with a fmall Garrilbn, where Toll is exacled ot Merchants and Travellers, ifands in a Dcfart, ar.J is forced to fend to Tj'm for Water and Sullenancc. To which we muft add Torr, a fmall Sca-ioit Taivn and Caftle featcd near thcStraij'.hts cf Sntt, or Di vilion of -Egypt and Artibir., where an .^;i is (io vernor, and keeps a Gatrilon ; near it is a fair and fpacious Convent of (■' eek, jvlonks, who trcatcj Mr. Tlicvenof, (as 1 1 . ipofe they do otiiCi Traveller!,) very kindly. Ihe chief Places mentioned in ancient Amhorj are, liinhnbutb, the Seat of l.eli the firlt Kin^ of Edom. Pan, the Seat of lliditr, the laft ot the Kings mentioned by Moles. Anith, the Royal City of Hadad, another of thofe Kings. Capi'oja, (\»- mararis and Elefa, are noted by I'tolenf as chief Ci- ties, but they arc not mentioned in Hiitorv. h ARABIA. 37 In the later accounts of /i/H)n<7, they reckoned all that part of thcTribc of Simton, South of the Rivulet B<fcir, and even G/i^<i and the other I'hilijline Cities, within its bounds, whereby Rj;inocorur.i, Antheiian, and even Bcajhehi, which wc have fpokcn of as (lart of Simton, bccaufe conquered by them, altho' tbrnicrly indeed fubjetS to the lUomitts, to be part of l.iuw.ci: And C/Ht'fr<«i names G.I fas its Capital City. Before we quit Uum.<:/i\ \*e nluft not forget to mention, that it was here on the Hdl Ci/fiui, that the Great I'omfey received his Death and Sepulchre, murdered by Command of I'tolemy, to vvhom he fled for Succour, and buried by an honeft private Soldier, where afterwards the Emperot A.iri.ni erect- ed a Monument to his Memorv ARABIA A Djoiiiing to the Countries we have pafFcd thro' lies Ali^AEIA, a Land of vail ex- tent, namely lo Degrees or 1200 JWilcs from North to South, and ^i Dcgrens from Eaft to Weft : But not proportionately Popu- lous, beitit; a Sandy Barren Soil, and affording but htikSublillance to citlierManor Beali^ The Boundaries of diahia are, on the North Ju'Ui-.^ S\ric, and the River F.uplirntcs ; on the South the Ocean ; on the tail the River Euphratej, divid- ing it from Di.i-i'tc!!, and the Gulphs of Bnjfori) and Om.v/, which part it from VtrjU; and on the Weft P.i:-ftine, foine part of Ai^yft and the HeJ-Se/i ; ex- tending from the 15th. to the 35th Degree of Lati- tude, and therein polfefllng the Third, Fourtli and Fifth Ciiinatcs, and lying partly in the Torrid Zone, the Tropick of Ciincer palling over Ar,iinn-Yclix. The AIR therefore is exceeding hot, and the SOIL in many Places fo very rough, Tandy, dry atid I'arrcn, that tho' a little matter fuffices Nature, yet (he Earth produces not enough for its fupport. ThcRiveisare but few, andthofe fhallow and fmall, and Rain is feldom feen there ; fo that they ha^ e on- ly he Dew .which Nature affords them very plenti- ully' to Water the Land, The Sea-Coafts and Banks of Rivers afford indeed a better Soil ; there the Ground yields Aromatick Plants, and Delicious Fruits, as Aloes, Caliia, Spikenard, Cardamum, Cinnamon, Pepper, Dates, Oranges, Lemons, Cs, Frankincenfe, Myrrh, and other vjluable Gums. Honey and Wax . are alfo plentiful in this Country ; and in thmr Seas, they Filh up the bed Coral and Pearl*. Among their Bcafts, the Camel feems to be purpofely created for this So\\, where (andy Delarts afford no Water in many Days Travel ; this Creature is fo fuppUed by Nat'.--c, Willi a Faculty of thriving up the Liquids of his Stomach into hit Throat, and Pcrfpires lb little, that he requires not Water in three Days, and can well fubfift 14 days without it ; he carries a Bur- then of ^00 Pound weight, which need never be taken off his Back in the whole Journey, for he only linccls down to relt, and riles with his Loading on. Thcle therefore a^e the carriage Bcafts they ufe io their Trade Journeys, which arc pcrfotm'd in Cara- vans, or very great Troops of Ca'iels withOuards to defend from Robbery. Their Horfes are ima'l and ill (liaped, but wondrous Fleet ; thele ate uled by the wild Artbiont, who live upon Spc il ani Robbery,andt! e .ilVlvtsaswell a^ Horfes are exceed- ing fwif't of Foot. They are ily and fiient, upon you before you're aware, and gone before you can think of purfuing : And tins leads metofpeakof the Flumane kind, for wc can hardly call them Men. The Inhabitants are of a T'awny Complexion, whence ibnic derive the name of the Country, from the ilcLicw Word Arab^ which lignifics UUck, : Others derive liic name ''rom /Mi,:.'/, which in the fame Language fignilies a T/ijV/' or H«l'l'tr, alluding to the nature of the Men, who have in all .Xgcs been fo adJidlcd to this Vice, that as Mr.rtin del i{lc oM'ervcs, with the JeKt it was as ul"ual to call a Thief an Ainbinn, as a Mci Jiunt a Cm.tAnhe, and 3 Mathcmr.ticitiH a ClmlH.ti'.n. They arc of mean Sta- ture, Raw-boned, Feiuiniiie Voices, fwift as we have faid of Foot, of no fct dwellings, except on the Sea-Coalls, where Citicsand Towns arc filled ith z more regular Generation, who cxcrcife Tr; anJ carry on Traftick : But all the Inland Country is void of fettled Habitations, the Men roving from Place to Place, and llecping under Tents pitciied at Night, where their Convenience or Plealure has led them. In the middle Ages the Inhabitants (at leall thofe of A'ltbi.t I'ctisr. ) bore the name of Sjia:(fnt, from 5.1) )V! Defart and 5j/(;^c;i to inhabit, asfoinefay; or more probably perhaps, from Smali a Thief So Scalii^er in his Book de Emcud. Temp. Sarnccnii, (fays he ) ivichiii Jicuntur r.b Eljar/tck, i. e. Jurfixoi t^/j^Xi- yi, qucdr.ifhiiJvicietmt. A People of whom Amii- }iii> MvccUinm ( an Author of the fourth Century ) thus Writes. ' TheSjM^fH/ whom we are neither ' to widi for our Friends nor Enemies, are a Mat- ' tial People half naked, clad as far as the Groin ' with painted Caflocks, ranging up and down on ' Camels an>l fwift Horl'es, as well in Peace as in ' trouMcfomc times. Not ufcd unto the Plough, ' t") Plant Trees, or get their living by Tillage; * they wander from one Place to another, without ' Floufi; or Home, or any conftant Dwelling-Place, ' or the Ufe of Laws ; nor can they long endure the ' fame cither Air or Soil; the maiuier of their liv- ' ing being always fliting like ravenous Kites, who ' fnatch up a Prey in their flight, but never will ' ra.-ry if time be required to carry it off. Their ' Food is chiefly Vcnilon and Fowls which they ' catch, or Milk and the Herbs they can meet with, ' being ignorant of Corn and Wine. Their Wives ' they only hire foi a time, who tho' for a fliew of Matrimony, I ' N . I ^\i . i ',1. I I \hm * t 38 ARABIA. 1)1 ; Matrimony, prefcnt their Husbands with a Spear and a Tent, Part when they pleaff . Both Sexes are ' mod extreamly given to Carnal Lufts, the Women as rambling as the Men, iWarried in ore Place and * brought to bed in another, and leave their Children * where they fall, without more Care of them. Thus far he, and for ought appears, thisCharader exaiftly fuits them ftill, for all Travellers whofc Oc- caGons lead them within their reach find them a ra- pacious rude Rout, who come in Droves to Rob, catch what they can, and flee aw:iy, and as he fays like Kites or Wolves, fpare noihing that they can carry off, nor fcruple murdering i liofe that oppofe them. But having thus thus (licwn the wotft of their Charaifter, we muft to do them Juftice however al- low that among the Civiliz'd Anibiam, have been foun.l Men of molt ncutc Parts, and profound Knowledge in Philofophy, Phylick, Aftroiiomy. and Mathcmaticks : And thecomn.^n Arithmetical Cha- radcrs ufed by us, are faid to be of their Inven- tion, The ^r.thick. Language is of large extent, for the .I'chori-.n of Mahomet being written in it, has made it the learned Language of the Turks, and therefore raught in Schools throughout all their Dominions, and fpokcn as t.i;;>i with us, by all the Men of Fa- fhion 'mongthem. Cbrijlianity was Preached here by St. Pnul, and propagated for fome Ages ; but upon the Rife and rrogrefs of Mahcmet's new Religion, it was ut- terly exterminated, and the whole Country now ad- here to that. Ar-ibia was firft Peopled by Chus the Son of C/mot, whofe Pofterity fpread themfelves over Wm- bia-Petr,tit and Arr.bij.-1'elix, and creded many fc- perate Governments. Afterwards, the Children of Madiin, the Son of Ketum ; the Children of Ijh- mael the Son of Abmhitm Iiy H/ig/ir ; the Children of Am/ilek_ the Grandfon of Kfiii ; grew up to confi- derablcNatiOn?, in the Arabia-Pctrsj. The Mdditinitei ( who were a different Branch cf the Family of Maditin, from that fpoken of in our ac'ount o£ I'alcftitie) dwtlc in that part of Wrrt/'/.i which joined to 'i'pjpt, and had prcfcrvcd the Wor- fliip of the true God, when Mnja retired thither, and married the Daughter of "Jctho their Prieft; and therefore afforded the If'/tclitn all alTiftance and fiicndlhip, when they palled thro' their Coun- try in their flight from 'f^n/pt. Of tlirfe the Ks- nitts mentioned in Scripture were a Branch. The Am.ilckites were 3 great and powerful Na- tion fcated on the back of Uum.cit, and Ihew'd them- felvcs bitter Enemies to the IJnttita-, fetting up- on them at Hcphedim in their paffjge to Cvunn, where a remaikable Battle was fouuht, wherein while Mofci held up his Hands to God, Iftiel pre- vailed ; but when he let them fall Amnlck, pre- vailed ; wherefore Aaron and Hiir flayed up his Hands till the Evening, and the Amalrl^iiet were defeated, F.xod. 17. For their Enmity to IJrarl, doomed to Defolation by God ; and accordingly King Saul was by Siimut! diredted to go againll the Amalekjtct, and utterly deftroy them and tiicir Children and Cattle ; which he performed in pati: but brought their King ^gi'g alive, with which the Lord was angry,- and caufed Samuel to hew him in pieces, the particulars whereof fee, 1 Sayn. 1 5 . The IJhmaclitet were a moft populous Nation, or rathci II populous Nations, defccnded from the Ser.'ii'c o. a ;er \:k Death, li SoiK 31 Ipmnd, which iprrsd thcmfclves ail over Arabia. Some of whom were Merchants trad* ing inio ■'P-^ft with Spices, Funkinccnfe, Balm and other rich Goods of Arabia ; but iroft of them were Thieves and Robbers, the Anccftors cf the S'rtM^fn/ above mentioned, and like ihcm, aVaga. bond Race of Men, whofe H/iid was agatrjl cier, Man, and every Man t again]} t hew, according to the prcJidion concerning Ifinacl, Gen. t6. la. The Barrennefs of that part of Arabia, which a J- joined to their Neighbours, whether on the liJc of 'f-gypt ani Idum.ea, as on the fide of Chaldea, may be a reafon that it was never conquered, by thole great Monarchies; for othcrwifc the Spices and Gums of Arabia-Pelix, which they were all acquainted with would undoubtedly have tempted them to polTcfs it.' Accordingly we find Alexander intended itsConqueft but was hindered by Death. And Augujlus fent an Army thither out of ypgppt, but tlie he-.' of the Air, and the Drought of the Soil fo incommoded them, that they were forced to return after the firil Defeat, And Co it flood under its own Government, divided into many Kingdoms and States when AK,- tnet firft appear'd, and by broaching a new Religion, crciSed a new Monarchy. M.t/wmit was a Perfon of obf urc Birtli and mean Fortune, bur happening to get ii > tl- wealthy Merchant of M'-.i, n 1' ; into the favour of liis Mi;> .' < t^ to be ac- cepted her fccond HiisbnirJ • ... . /umpt ir.to arichKltatc, which for fom;. '.'cats •!'• continued tu employ in Trade : He was illitcnvc. but Matter of a fubtil Wit and afpiring Genius, and not fitisfied with the good Fortune he had gain'd.would needs fct himfelf at work to obtain Reputation by pretending himfclf at firft to be a Prophet, which they fay he was tempted to, by the Fits of tlie Falling Sicknefsh:was fubjeft to, thefe Fits he pretended to be Tranfpotts, wherein his Soul was carried to Heaven to Convctfe with God. Scrgius a Monk who had been banillicd his Country for the Nejtorian Herefy, becoming in- timate with Mahcmct, and being Matter cf mere Knowledge, was able fomewhat to cultivate the ve- ry rude Fnthulialms which M.ihomct threw forth, and both together I'ormcd a Religion, which conlift- cd of ^'•cntitijm, Jiid.iijm, and Anian Chrij{ia>,lty blended together ; for they t,iught that Mcfes was a Prophet font by (iod, whom the Genf/Zfj ha\:r'.' not received, nor the Jews obeyed, he fent .' '- Cbriji the fccond and greater Prophet; but hi' ; \:- Olrine being not duly received, Godhid -,. h: his laft and grcateft Piophet Maho.Mt. I sv " Mffes, he gained the Jev, and by granti, :, / Chrijl to be a Prophet, which was alinoft as much , the Wri .>Hj allow'd, he gave them content, and wiih- al declaring peremptorily againft Images, he pleafed the UonccUjIei ; which two Scdls of Chrijtiarj having been driven out of the Homan Empire, vf. pretty numerous in Arabia ; and I.aftly, by hi' ^0- (ftrine of Polygamy and Promifes of fenffi' lyelights in the future Sate, he captivated the '..oertines, i:.- fbmuch that he foon found a greater number of Believers than he could have expedled, Iiis good Succcfs thus far, led him to proceed farther, and therefore by another Doftrine he fet up f' • Power, namely he enjoined all his Votaries 'r i . tagne the Faith even by the Sword, and tb Ii 'ii.'.lofl their Lives in that Service, a Promifc wa% , . .U' A efpccial Beatitude in the other World. 1'i.e f>- //r.irr/ of ^ac* ilarm'd at this bold Pretcndr-, etf- 4wvouicd ARAB I A. 1 J. ii.r ■ ow-.''.-f trantt. .; /■ )ll as mucf' i', nt, and wiih- hc pleafed of ChriJlU'H ■mpire, v,'r„ by hi'' ^o- Ifi.i? Efdights ocrtincs, v.- number oi I lis good farilier, and f--- Power, 'r I. tvai!^te ;, •!i,.1o(i WM^ . .' ' '' 1.'..- g'- ewnd'T, ett- icAvourca dcavnv.rcJ to fcizc him ; but cfcmping by flight he fettled at Mc.iin.j, and thcnr.e propogatcd his Do- (flriiie, whii-h fprcad mod wondcrlully. At the fame tine the Smai-nt having fervcd the Emperors in thrir Wars, and been ill rewarded were a difgu- ftcd rc'iple, and ready to joyn in any ProjeiSk for Dominion ; thcfe fell in with Mnhmct, whofe Re- ligion p.'e.iled them ; and fo made him Monarch of Arabii:. His Government began yl.C. 611. and he died Aw. 631. and was fucccededby Zl^nbes^n; who took the Title of Caliph, which fignifies High- Piielt as well as Prince, and reigned two Years ; fuccccilcd by Hc.umur or Omnr, who added to his Dominion I'cijU, ^"Fg^pt, PittejHnc, and part of Sy- rin and Mefcpotatnia. Ofinnn who fuccc:ded him added Br.rhny ; and brought the Empire to the high- eft State that it arrived at in thar Succeflion : For they began to fail into Diflention. Ilnly the Kinf- man of Mnhomst claimed the Government, and in the end obtained it, but was murdered after a (horc Reign. Ofmnn's Heirs got again into the Throne, and made fome Additions to their Dominions ; fo that AJin-Miiior, Armenia and Mefopotamin, beddes the Countries we have already mentioned, were all fubjeflcd r.o\\\c ^tal:ometanSar/i^ciis within the fpace of one Hundred Years. A wonderful and fwifc Progrcfs ! But fiich as it pleafed God for the Sins of theEaftcrn Empire to permit. Md'cmce II. the twentieth Ca/i/>/i about A. D. 760. removed the Scat of the Empire to Bagdnt. And about an Hundred Years after, ^Egypt fet upaCo- /iV) of its own, to whom the Arabians fubmitted. But that Rare alter i»:<ving reigned for about 300 Years, were ouced by the T-'k.'. and thofe again by the 'Vamalukti, who kept the Gov-rnmcnt about 150 Years ; till at laft /E^y^f and all the Dcminions of that Cnlipl.', was finally fubjeClcd m the Turkjjh f mpire by 5f/froHj I. Anno. 1517. Concerning the Turl^s who have fo long {y.-^fTefTca all the 5(1? <);;fH"s Empire, we Ihall fpeak of them when we come to Turccmani/i, which was their ori- ginal Country. 'Tis fufficient here to fay, that they are eiadl Believers on Mahomet, and make their Pilgtimagcs out of a Religious Zeal to this Country, tovifit at Medina the Tomb of that pretended Pro- phet, and pay their Devotions at Mecca his Birth- place. AR^ABl A is divided in Ancient Geography into three large Parts, vi\. ?? Al^AUlA DESEI{TA, which is the moft Northern Part. Al{ABlA P£T/?./E.4, theEafternPart, and AI^ABIA FOELIX, which was by much the largeft Part, polfefled all the South. In its Prefent State the DESE i^T A, is little re- garded by the Twk', but poffelTed by divers Princes paying Tribute to the Pon : Of thefc the Chief are. The Principality of Anna, which is the moft North lying between the River Euphrates on theEaft, and Syria on the Weft and North. The Principality of Argia, a Midland Country lying Weft from Br.JJTora. The Principality of Chr.vlbeda, extending from the Mouth of Euplirates Weftward near joo Miles. Arabia PETl{^^'EA, is immediately under the Government of the Turl(j by a Beglerbeg, who re- fides at Bofra, whence 'tis call'd the Begletbegate of Bo/ia Or Bufereth. Arabia FOELIX, is divided into many Princi- palities, vi^. The Principality of Mecca, which is fometimes reckoned pan of the Petraa : And lies a- long the Coaft of the l{ed-Sea. The Principality ot Saha, next adjoining to' Mecca on the South, extending alfo on the fameSea-i Coaft. The Principality of Mocha, poffefling the Cape of Land, which makes the Straight of Bnbei-Mandel^ at the Mouth of the Hed-Sea. The Principality of Xael or Hadramut, lying a- long the Coaft of the Ocean or Arabiaii'Sea. The Principality of Seger or Alibanali, upon the fame Sea more Eaftward. The Principality of Jemini on the fame Sea- Coaft to the Cape, and back into the Gulph of Ormus. Vodanc Principality, lies on the Coaft of the Gulph of Ormus, and the Sinus Perfims. The Principality of Mafcalat, lies on the Weft of Vodane, along the Coaft of the Gulf of Bajfora or Sinus I'erjjcus. The Principality of Bahraim or Gerrhemte, pof- feffcs the reft of the Coaft of the Perfian Gulph. Thefe are the Countries that lie on the Coafts, and fo are frequently vifited by Euiopean Traders. But the Within-I.and Country, which compre- hends many large Principalities, the Names of fome whereof are Jamana, Higgia^, Tehama, Oman and Fortachi : are little known, ARABIA ( > i-m If Mil MWA '! 'i\ m (■].' :f\\ '!■ \ 'r.lH n:i ;,u J 40 ARABIA. I if, CJB. CA.SK.1 D^f^p^ Caspian -P. or Gh.i;.,j- T^R TART 4u/va Am a f I iL*^i—^i ^J 1 ^ ^ J-V »;e?S!sr -^2??»inl SXA 9 .M*v«^'; Canoia .U jc n r r j: r> •itAmN HA^Ji^aJ -^ ."-'-". >4i e'"""- J "> \—wl,-T I - - »■ ^»Ut ( ^irf-"-' '^ T)efait» of jSU)i«//<7/vt B a . c a . X , v)pt T^^j^^^^^^^w^^^^^J \.,;hr,!j Jit ^ 15,^^. T U R in IC Y A S I A . O 1 X ■i— ♦ -1 '^z=LJ />/^rtf<J irLik I. jrPtet l- •*► «*- » ■L'Hp^i^ — r!>^i*^ A ^a*-** ^J'A'ifAalbV a. . R.i: *.'. ^/ JPonti '^rAcA ARABIA DESERTA Comprehends; CbiefCities. Tic PriHcif»Hty\Mefehtid.Vrfinf c/ Anna. ^SMwi/c4i'>c» CT:t4mm4. ^A-M I^AV'*^''^^ '»■-'•'«'■* ■k .Uti^^r^ ^^jT A R A. R 1 A. N 5£-A "iSjir.tits .'/■ MuitlmanJti .y| 7.-1 7/1 ■f.'l Tie prineiftlity^Tangia, efOavibeiiSMegiara, lAterah, AigU trinuf. ' Farat, ThdaUiit', ' |}i4r AliMtun. ARABIA PETRiEA. Tafri/c, The BeM,g4te\ flrBuffcnm. I ^^/j4,ot, • ' I KjtdfjhBtmen, ARABIA ARABIA. 41 ARABIA FOELIX Containing on the Sea-G>afh. ( Mecca, Pr,neljnlity ^JMedinit, Mecca. fTarif, s.AlgiarotEgrt, i^^ibet, Dhafar or Tacftb, Almachnrana, SHen-Gkdda. (Mocha, lAochlKjngd.K/lden, (Lagbl. Xaeli or i^ael, Hadrainut.c0<i//4f. Alibanelly.//4/i/>4n(^/, or Seger. ^Gutleibamim. (Calhat or Jeman PrincifxQuelhat, l,Mafcate. MafcitUt, '" Maftale.SN«^a«, CSuchula, Bahrai or Gerrhen, -. Elcatif, ,im\ Laffach 01 jLabfa, ttt. J Abje, .. Bifi/i. In the Mid-land. tjamama, Jamama. ichadaio, ^Tima. (Cafailo, ' '" Higgiaz.<B4f«-N/i^c/, .^.^ (,Cai^-/ilmanJel. Tchama.|J;^j;' f Farljch, Faitachi J Mahri, \Ncgram, oman.ir:^:'^"'. To Proceed now to the Particular Defcription of diabiii. Al{ABIA DESBI{TA, called by the Turk; Bcrii Arbiftan Or Beriara, is bounded on tSic Z^A with Diitrbtck or Uefopotamia ; on the Weft, with Pa- lijiine and Arabia Petraa,on the North with Pulmyrena or part of $;r/ii } and on the South by Arabia t'ctlix. It has its Name from the vaft fandy Defart* whereof it confifts, thro' which thofe that! ravel muft carry their Provifions, and be guided as at Sea by the Stars or Mariners Compafs. A Countrey (faith Giiilandittus Melchior, who Travelled thro' it j) where are found neither Men nor Beads, Birds or Trees, Grafs or Pafture, and nothing to be feen but rowling Sands or craggy Mountains : But the Land on the Eaft, which lies along the Banks of ihe Eu- fbrates is a better Soil, and affords Piflnts and Food to the Inhabitants of divers Towns feated in that Part. , This Country was fitft inhabited by the Pofterity of Hu:{ the Son of Nuc/'or, and the Sons of Abraham by Kjturith, 'twas the Country whcie Job dwelt, and the Land whence the Wife Men came to Wor- fliip Ciri/? ; the Proofs whereof would be too large to be put down here : Thofe tliat dcfire them, may confult Frid. Sfanlieim's Hiftory of Job, where it is largely Ihewn, The Barrennefs of the Ground is a Proteflion to the Princes of it ; for the Grand Seignior fets no value upon thefe Defarts, and the Towns are but few. The Chief arc, : Anna, a large well built Town, the Capital ot this Part of Arabia, and formerly a famous Mart, now not much frequented ; it (lands on the River Euphrates, in a fruitful and pleafaiit Soil, in the North limits of this Province, and near the Fron- tiers of Diarbcck., Lar. 35. D. Mejcheid-Vrfin, 60 Miles South from Anna. Sumifcabac, fcatcd more tfi the Weft neariheFrontiersof Ambia Pffr.M.fiippotcd by Melchior to be the ancient Sab^, iheCity of the 5/;- i«<im who pillaged Joi.and who were the Defcendants of Shcbit, the Grandfon of Abraham by Ksturith. Tfamma, on the South Frontiers of the Principality of Anna, in the Lac. 31. And in the Mid-land . Argia, which gives name to a Principality, is a fmall Town 70 Miles diftant from the River F.u- fhrntes to the Weft, in or near the fame Latitude with Bal/orit. Faara, ftands within 60 Miles more Weft. JUaaden ot Noera, feated alfo 70 or 80 Miles more Weftward. Thaalabia, near the Mountains that divide Petrtu from the Dcfirrta. Aladi and Ohat- Aliamitt, more South; are the chief Towns of this Principality. Chavebida, a fmall Town which alfo gives Name to a Prince, whofc other chief Towns arc Tangia, Ategiara and Merah, all feated within Land, and fo unknown but by Name; they all lie in the latitudes of 28 to 30 D. A[{,ABIA PETli^A, now called Dafi-lll(_ Arabijlitn, or Barraab and Bathnlnbah, but more generally the Bcglerbegate of l^ifia ; hath for its Bounds on the Eaft Arabia OfJ.'rta ; on the Weft the Rfd-Sea, and the Ijthnus of ''Kgypt ; on the North Palejiine ; and on the South Arabia Falix. The Soil too much like the former, but in fomc- meafure better cultivnied and more Travelled thro' on account of Trade. The Deftrts of Sin and PA<^- raan or Paran, wherein the IJraelitei wandered fo long, lay vvithin the limits of this Province. The chief Towns are, Bofra or Bufferitli, feated in Midland Lat. 32. in the back of Palfftine, about 150 Miles Eaft from the Lake of Galilee, it Was repaired by Augujlm Cijar, and made a Colony of Upt^ians by Alexander Severus ; an ancient City mentioned by Mof:s, Gen. 56. 35 Under the Turkj, as it had been under the l{_''mani, made the Metiopolit of this Country, and the S«ai of ''Hi; I'i^i' M ^,fv:% LM 'im W JM *i!iC ff 1:! V grl 4^ ARABIA. of ihe Beglcibeg. 'Value, far inpn: South, in the lat. JO D. //cru, about loo Miles mote to ihe Weft, and about 50 Suuth from t|ie Shoai of the Dead-Sea. And Her/it wliic)) was (he ancimii i'ctr.i, the Capital of the Country, feated nioic \yi;ttwaj^d in Lat. £9. and loo Miles dirc($ $outh ircup HeLiou, * City of great Note and Streng^ih in forijiej tirncq, when it was called Sila and lcck}itel and oftcp mep- tioneU in Scripture, particularly 3 ^.tn^J 14. when Am/i:{iah took it. It long reliltcd ilie ^mans, and t(ir its impregnable Strength, tifeJ by ]the Soldnnt of A-.jijpt, as the repofitory for their ticheft Trealurct. Other Places mentioned in Scripture, fuppqfed tu be in this Province are Swr, near th? Hed-Seti, ilje 6rft encampment of Ifrael, hjadian, th? City of Jctbro, whofc Daughter M<fis marjjecj. l{e»baim, where the A)ii,:lekjtci were de&ajcd. I^adepo-bnrt^c*, the Station of Ijiad when the Spies were fent to difcovcrthc Land of Can/tan. Jhar/i, where ili.o'al,; Dathf.n and Abiiam mutinied and wcr^ puijilhcd t)v tiod. Lalliy, ti.e two Mounts Sinai jnd Btreb flood in the limits of this Province, in tlie V»?.ft Vvt at the head of the R^d-Se:t. Situi, is cjcttcam high but of eafie afcepr, it is call'd by the Arabians Cilhol-Mtuja, i\m is, MrJfJ Mountain. At the Foot of it it a fair well built Co^l- vent fuiToundcd wiihftrong V^alls, from wbeijce the alcent was cut in Steps in the Rock, by the diredion of the llmprcK Helena quite to the top. The Monks pretend to (hew Pilgrims the very Place where \Hes abode the 40 Days, and where he re(;eived the Tables of the Law. Oni the top o( the Mountain are two Churches, one for the Greeks, and another for the Latines, and in the afccnt rnany Cells anj little Chapels, where formerly Monks and Hermits abode to the number of 14000, as report informed Ttievenot, but when he was there they were empty, being drivtin thence by ihe Arabians : The Names of thofe Chapels are enumerated by that Author, vyho alfo tells us that the number of Steps which lead from the Convent to the top of the Mount, were 1 40C0 before tiiey were damag'd, many now being broken, but thofe that remain are well made andoT eafie afcent From this number of -Steps, a judg- ment may be made of the heighth. of the Mount- Horeb, where God appeared to Mcfes in a buriung Bufh, is but a little diftant from SiWi, and not near lo high, it has alfo X Church and Mopaftry upon it, whofe Friars are Hofpitibic to Stringers, and lliew where the IJraeliies worfliipped the Golden-Calf. AI{A HI A FOE LIX, called Jcman or Hayaijtian by the Inhabitants, lies on the South of the two Ara- iiirt'i Dejena and Pet ma, furrounded on all other jidcs by the Sea j that is to fay, the Htd-Sea on the Weft, theGulphof Pf(/;<iandOcwi/;on theEaft, and the Ocean or Arabian-Sea on the South. A Country fo vaftly large, as to be reckoned 3000 Miles in cir- cumfeniicc, extending from the 14th. tp the 17th. Degree of Latitude. Its Name implies a great Felicity, and by the An- cients it was rcprefented as one of the moft fertile and delicious Lands in the World; but either they took their Reports upon truft, or the Soil is NVonder- fuJy altered ; for at this time none of that fcsundi- ty appears. The Mid-iand being all Sandy, Moun- raino'.is. Dry and Barren : So that near the Sca- Coarts, and on the Banks of the few Rivers only, can any Praife at all be beftowed on its SotJ. Tis true 'tis by much the moft fruitful part of Arabia, arid fo comparatively with the reft, it mny bq called H.!/'/7 ; and withil its PioJuds are excccdiiiij vaiuj bic, as Ftar^ijucnje, peculiar to this Country, Myrrh, Odorifetous Pianis of various kinds; which to the Ancients who knew not the way to /»;,/,.,^ might rightly enough ei)d«fr this Countrcy lu thcrn, And in fuch cfteein it \yas, cypx fp \^ as Amimu! MarctUiriut'i time, that ^ic give^j iii this delicicus Charaflcr of «. ' 'I'hie hjppy Arabians, lb called ' becaulc fo rich in Corn as well as plenteous in Cattle, ' Vines.andoiloriferousSpicesofail kinJs.Soaci]iiamt- ' ed with all Bkirmg?,yvhicli eiibetEleiiicut can arturj, ' well fiiriiifhed with Ruads ami quici Hajbours ici * Shipj'ing, the Towiisof Trade and MertliaiiJi2e ' ftamiinp verythiik. Befidesmuft wholclome Foii: ' tains of McdicmalVVatcts.they enjoy divers liiooks ' andRivcrs very dear and pure, andaTcmperatiite ' of Air exceeding hcahhy : put if ihe reft ofiiisCha- rafter may be judged of by this lall Article, whdi he fays muft go for nothing ; the Air cannot liavc been other than what it is, ar}d how any Man can ap- plaud the temperature of the Air of that Country, of which two Third Parts lie within the Tropick, I do not underfland. What be fays of its Havens and Towns of Trade, might indeed be true then, but is not fo now ; the Hea-Sea was very much fre- quented by Merchant Ships, before the Cape of Good-Hope inA Palfagethat way to India was knows ; and Arabia was the Market where the GodJs (t India and Cinna, and all the Ealtern lllands wrrc fold to the Merchants of ^-Wt and Kr.rLai r, who brought them ovci Land to Grand Cairo, and other Ports in the Mediterranean, where the Unilan, airf other Emopcan Mci'chants ufed to buy tlicni. lint now that the Goods of India zxv^ Pofia, are brouglit diredfly by Sea, and the Commodities of ArrbU^K lefs ufeful to us than formerly, Ewcpan Traftick thi- ther is but fmall. Of this Part, of Anbia^tiit^ Graud-Seiqnior is r.oi Matter, fomc of ilie Princes indeed are Fcudatarics, but 'tis only liime Ciii^; and fmall Provinces that he is immediate I oid of. Ve have me niioned the fcveral Principalities i. ready, we thill pal's thro' then, and ihcw the Reader as many ot 'the Cities and chief '1 owns, as we could get information of by confiilting the l\ii Travellers and Geogpphers. MECCA, a Country, of about 500 Miles exrcnt 1 Jong the Shoar of the R^d-Sea, takes its name iroin the City Meica, the Pla^e where Mafomt tirll broached his falfeRehgion.and isgnvcrn'd by a I'riiKe called the Emir of Mecca, And lies next aUiouiing to the Ai.zbi-t Petixa, which we laft came from, and whereof it is by fome Geographers reckoned part. The chief Places are, Mecca, feated in tatit. 23. about 60 Miles from theCoaftof t.\\t l{ed-Sea, No Cisriflian is peimittcd to come into it ; but the Turkj inform us, tis a moll wealthy an;l populous City, being the grand Staple of Trade for the Commodities if this Country, ■i^gjipt, Perfia, India, Cc Three Caravans ainvc yearly from India, Danafcus, MtdGrand-Caiu. with whom vaft numbers of Pilgrims, conftantly rel'ort hither to pay their Devotions ; every Mufulmaii being bound once in his Life-time either by himlelf or Proxy, to Vifit Mecca and Medina, cfpcciaily Aiecca to pay tlieii Devotions at ihe Kjaabe or B)tul- lah, i. e. Houfi cf Gcd, which is a fmall fii^aie Houfe I s foot long, 1 3 foot broad and about 30 loci high, whichftandsin themiiidleof ihe Town, .iiiJ IS belitvcd by ths'Imk.' to have been, built by the Patriar.'h A R A B I A. 4^ l',itnari.h AhiAl\tni, it is girt round wiih two Bi-!ts vi GolJ, one low and the other toward tiic top, the Door is cf Silvtr, ami a (iolden Spout carries the Water off its top, the Walls arc conftantly cover'd with Hanpiiips (.f Silk, and a Court round it cnclof- cJ with Walls and bc.iiitilicd with Columns and Arches, fcrves tor the performance of Dcvoiions; the Houfe ir felf being opened only on the I{a»i^ila», and othtr folemn Feftiv.iis {'I.e. mot). Notwith- ftatiiiirp the coniiTion Opniioii that the Pilgrims, come ii-.ro thcfe I'arts, chieHy to vifit the Tomb of Mthv :r, Mr. 'I'hevctiit teils us that is a vulgar Error, for 'tb '.le Kjnalc that their I^w obliges every Mu- fiilm.iM to make his Devotions at once in his Life '.imc.aiiJmany having performed theirUcvoirs there, return without vifulng the Tomb. This contri- I'utcs much to the \\\akh of the Plare, which con- tains about ficQO tamihes. It is not walled rOund, and therefore they fay C/»<//iV;r;j are forbid to come witliin five Miles of it, leaf! in the Crowd of Vi(i- tants, the Mofijue be prophaned or its Wealth finlcn ; fir in nicTiiory of their Frophet, who as we have faid, lived and firft broach'd his Religion ht re ; there isamoftCjlorious Mofque ercdled, accounted the moft (lately in the World, its Roof riling in a lofty Cupola is richly gilded, and th.- twoTowtrs at the ends, are of exceeding heighth and curious Archi- tcftiirc, it is laid to have an luincired Gates, and as many Windows, and is adorned within fide with moll colUy Gildings, and the richeft Tapeftries. So Stcfil a Soil is this Countrcy, even at no farther di- rtance from the Sea, that they ha^e no Water in ■Wfii- 1, but what they catch ol Rain, or fetch from other I'laccs. .V'."i(n,i, called A/f.//«.j T.ilinabi, i. e. the City of [he Prophet, the Place whither hUli,met retired when driven from Meccn by the Magiflrates, and where he was buried, itands 240 Miles North from iUccd, about 80 Miles from the Coaft of the l{ed- ^!f; upon the River Laakic ; formerly named Jnerih, I'V fomc fuppofed to be the Hirtli-place of Mahomet, and then a fmall Village, which he fortified and Mde his Seat, while he fpread his Religion and ' Authority abroad. Now grown up into a large and wvalthy City, whither Pilgrims reiort from all parts 0! the T:nk.i Uominions to view the Sepulchre of .VfiwK.rf, which, not hanging in an Iron Coffin, fufpcndi'd by the force of a Magnet at top, as was ol old tinu's repotted, Hands within an Iron Grate, ovcrcJ with a green Velvet Pall, fent annually by '.iie Grand -Seignior, the old one being cut into fmall ■shreds, and fold for Rclicks, in a Mofque of molt ma'^nitiv-ent and fumptiunis Strudnre, being Itipported hy 4c;> Pillars, and enlighriied with ;oo Siher I ail ps continually burning. The Toirb has a rich 'iiioroidercd Canopy over ir, but is of its felf cf no Magnilirciice or Heautv. The Tcwn Hands in a I'lncn Plain, ar fome diftance frcm two Mountains, namely 0,'/i(H on the North, and ///i on the South. .(^Mi- or lil<,iii, upon the Coalts of the l{cl-Se/!, is 'he Port to Mctiin/i. T.vif, a populous Town 100 •Miles diftant from Mcc'.im to the talV, fca'cd upon Moimt V,hn:^ua)i, whi h is the coohft Air and iiicfl fcrtile of j^.ilid, abounding with Fruits, and furni- ':ies McMnj with great part of its Suftcnaiice. SMin. T^iilcii or Siil.lc Gio.Uu, fcatcd on ihc I{e<l- Jf'i about 60 Miles South-welt from Mrcci, is the Port to thar Cirv ; and therefore a place of Trade «nJ leforr. Weakhv and well built. Dhafdr Or Tnc/W', ihe Capital of that Uivilioh a' Arnbifi, call'd TEH AM. I in the old Maps, abqut 60 ftdiles from the [{"•'-'iai, in the Mid way bctwceii .fi'./cn and ^ihci, Lar. 18 I), -jo m. near the mouiti of the River K/i/;;;j>ni is alfo a Place of Trade , either this or •\''/'ef was the ancient .V/W'-j, fur Anihurs dirt'er, of which this Defcripiion is given by ancient Writers, namely, chat it was fcatcd on a Mountain, the molt beautiful of all .irr.ti.', rich in iheexcel- lencies of Nature, cfpecially in Frankinceule, a (iuiii peculiar to them only, and growing in a Wood of I to Miles long in its Neighbouvhood. The Principality of XJHiy or .sV/JiW, fuppofed to be the Country of the v.i/mvi),;, whofe Queen came to vifit iiohmov, lies on the South of Mc.cn ami i'e- liitma, ftietch'd along ihe Coalts of the l\cd-Se,i a.- bove 400 Miles in length. A Country remarkable rich in Balm, Myrrh, Callia, Manna, and cfrieciallv Frankinccnfe, the belt whereof m the whole World, being here produced in a Word of 10 Miles ioi;j, of almoft only that Tice which yields ir, gHthcrej Spring and Autumn, and fold to all Nation'.. The chief Cities arc, .^fB^;Tor S;fl/.;T,thcMctropoIis of the I'rincipalicv to which it gives name, and a molt ricli .uid pt rii- loiis City feated in the 16 LV'^^rcc if North Lati- tude about 50 Miles from tl:e i.aiksof t'.-,i- K'.l-S\i. This is the grcatefl Mart in t:'i- ^\'orlii for l-riiikin ccnlc, A^yrrh, and thecthir ruli Dngsofihis 1 aiul ; and iherel'ore afpircd toby the liok.. w|ii> took it about 1 00 Years ago, but lolt it afjain, and for ; ught appears, 'tis now fubji'V ru its ..wn Piiiice. TheKingdomof mOCII.i, ad|oins to Srl.i on the South; extending Southward to the Straii;h:s of ii.t- bct-mandcl, which is the Mouth of the /<;.:'- V.-.^, and reaching Eaftward along the Coilts of the Ai^h^u.- Sex about 550 Miles, comprih'ng therein Adtn and Lnghi. Wherein (land \enon, feated iSo Miles North North-weft from Moda ; a confiderable Ciiy as large as Bijlol (fays Sir. H. Middicton ) the Place of Relidence of the Tiirki/h Br.ffi:, and ftrongly built, but partly of Stone. The Wall about it is of Earth, but (trenpth- nej with Turrets in every part, and is a good De- fence to the City. There are alio two Caltles, one to the North on a Hi'! which overlooks titc Town, and defends It from the wild Ar.bii-.m, and anotlict on the Halt (idc, which is the Palfa's Pala:e, and cn- clofed with feveral Walls ard Batteries. Th'' City ftaiids upon the Coaft of the l{rd-Sca in a iton* Valley, and has no fVi 111 Water but what is fciclied out of Wells, and withal, Wooi! ts very Icarce al- tho' the Winter be extreani cold D.tm.xrc, 40 Miles from Z^'n.^n, .i iv«^ll built Town of five different Parts which Hand diltinCt, feated in a fruitful Plain, with V^atcrand alllcrts of Grain in good pknry ; and is therefore a Store-hoiifc for all the neighbouring Places. I'ityei or Tea, a good City funoundcd with a nuid Wall, and guarded by a ilrong Caftic on the tcip of a Hill. I'.ufrr.!, a little Town where an Ai.ilim Saint is buried, and is vifited by great nuirbers of fuperflitious Pilgrims. Monfn, a Town not great but populous, about a Days Journey from Mocha ; the Country about it yields Indico. All thcfc Towns lie between ^^encn and Mcchu, ard were paifed thro' by Sir Hen. Middlctcn, in the Year : 610. who tells us, the Tiirh arc Maftcrs cf the Maritime Towns and the flat Country, but the Air.bians maintain ihcic own Jurisdi(ftion in the Hills. G 1 flIOCHA,- I i.M"Ji A'. 1 ,' mm m m r^,^;-' rr 4+ rVRKY in ASIA. MOCIIA Afol.'H, or MelcihU-Snherdu, is a large and populous City fcaicdat the entrance of ihc%i/- Sfj, in I J Deg. and halt North latitude. About 150 Ytars ago, i: was according to B-iUcui, no more that! a Village inhabited by Filheimcn ; biic fo early as 1610. Sir lltn. Mitidlctcn licUrthtshM .1 rich and populous I'lace, about a lixth Part fo bijj as ^e>,.iii, which ai we have faid is equal to lirijloi. It Itands in a fait, fandy, barren Soil, dofc by the Sea (idt, deltitutc of Walls, but guarded by a Callle boilt of Stone by the 'l'wkt\n 1611. on the Sea (ide. 'I he Street j are large neat and clean ; the Houfcsof Brick or S:one two Stories high, with flat Roofs and Terrains at top, where thiy arc rcirelhcd in the Night, after tlie fcorching Heat v/hich commonly rages in the day-time : The Shops arc well con- I rived a-Kl furnillied with all ufeful Commodities, the Town being a Place of very great Trade, whereof h.iUUw in his InJittit 'l'ra\eis gives us this account, taken from the reports of the Ships trading annually between hiilin and Mxhn ; he fays that numerous Ca- ravans arrive here Annually from Twi/jc; and -iig^/if, alfo ihe (;rcat Ship Miwjvuri fent by the 'link-P' Sul- tan, arrives yearly in Sefttmlur with a vaft Cargo of the richcft i.urcpctin Gcods, and carries back the re- turns in Spices, Calico's, and other /wi/jn Goods : The Ships from di\ersPartsof Indiit, that ufcd to un- Jadc at .Ueti, do likcvvife come hither to meet the Caravans ; All which mull needs render the Place exceeding Populous, as mi clTctil it is, at Icaft one half of the Ytar, 'J:^. from M.nch to Scftember, which is the time cf Trade ; and the numtcr of Houfes inuft alfo be much cnctealcd, fo that we iray believe Bni'Uiis, who calls it a large City, and ore of the chiefcft Places of Trade on all that Coaft. Baudraud and other Geographers, reckon this City fubjcCf to its own King, and yet Sir Hen. MidJlcton in 16I0. and BitldsKs ill 1660. delare it fubjed to the '/'/j/t- The chief Commodity our Ships fetch hence is Coffee, which grows in the neighbouring Couiv- try, and no where elfe that wc know of, except a baftatd fort at the Cape. This Drug which is now fo much ia ufe, was unknown to the molt learned BotaniAs that have written. Pro/per jllpi- vtii is the firft that mentions and gives a Cutt of it, but both he and Mr. i^/!> fpeak of it imperfect- ly : But thofe excellent Naturalifts Dr. Slo/ine and Mr. Pcttivur, have by the hands of Purfers and Supergargo'sof Ships trading thither, procured Spe- cimens of the Plant it felf ; the former has a Branch of the Tree with the Berries and Leaf on it, and the latter has the Leaf and the Berry in its natural State. By thefe two Gentlemen, I am informed that that the Plant is a fmall Tree like a Bay, with a Leaf of that form, producing Berries which grow at the bottom of the I^af upon a fhort Stalk, two or three in a Chiftcr, each coated with a Husk, which opened ihews a double Kernel ; for the Grain we fee, is but the moiety of what grows in the fame husk. The Tree is about feven or cjaht foot high, and grows plentifully in the Inland Gentry, in the Province called Jitmav, which lies on the North- eaftof Mochf., vide I'hibf. TiAnfaih K°, I08. Lihii/, feared on the l\,-t;-Scii, in the Lat. 14 D. 50 m. is a City fortified with four found Baftions, and adorned with three Temples, reckoned one of the chief Places of Trade in thofe Parts,as the EngHfl} have found by Experience, fays BalJ4iii, WOKN, felted on the ///<ji;.)B-SM, 70 Leagues Euil from the Straights of Bi-.l/el-t/iandc.', Lat. 1 4 D. is a large and Populous City, faid to coniain 6^^j Houfes, or as others pcihaps with nioie trutli, 6000 Inhabitants. It has a large Haven, ul.ich is much frequented, and the City is reckoned the faucll of /Jr,i/'/j, well fortified both by Art and Naturi', and a Place of very great Trade, being the Centre between the PcrjUn-XicIf and the Hcd-Sc.i, but us faid the Trade is removed to Mochir. It was taken by the Turlu in the Year r.^S. but for.n rccovcredby the /ii,il/iant, aiKl put under the Pntccfionc f iln; King of MoJj.t. This is fiippofed to fce llic Huixc of I'tuhmy, or by others railier the faiuoii', liiiijuiy Aftil'i.1 of the lame Author. It was fomciiine ilii; Capital of a Kingdom to which it gave Name, aiii the ancii'iit Scat ti' the People Homo it. t. Sir //■), 'Wddlctoti's account of jidoi when he was there m 161c. is thus, 'I'll- City ftands in a bottom under the covert of a Mountain ; 'tis encompaU'cd uiili a Stone Wall defended in many Places 'vith Fons and Bulwarks ; it may I'eein indeed to lie open tu the Sea- ward, being quite dry at low Water, but tl.ti Nature and Art have both concurred to keep out tic Danger, for there are two vaft Rocks, fo cragpy ib not to be afcended but in one narrow Path, ar.l round about them are crcdfed I'oits and liar., rics of good Strength, and well furnillied with .\t- tiUeryand .Ammunition. The City is fupjlied vvitii Provilions, as well from the oppofite Coalts of Afiica, as from the neighbouring Country in .; : if., to which purpofe they keep conltant correlpon,!. ice with the Town of Br.iiom on the /ifiicr.i, Coali ('••« againii it. 'J he I atitude fays he, I nckoncd 10 be 1 2D. 35 M. North, the variation of the CumpaU 1 2 Deg. 40 Min. l-ogbi, 100 Miles North-caft from yUL-n, and 1 few Miles from the Sea-Coaf^, was ( if not Ifil) fuljed to its own Prince, and a Place if fjaic Trade. Xacl, about 30 Leagues more to the Eaft on die fame Sea-Coafl, gives name to another Prinapalit\. Mulcatc, a Port-Town feated in the Chaps of tlif Golph of Ormut juft under the Tropic, 60 l.cagiui Korth-weft from Cape H«\cigittf, at the Foot of a Mountain, having three Rocks at the entraiKe ol the Haven, which make its accefs difficult; irw.u chofcn therefore by the l'ortugue:^e for a Sration of Trade after the lofs of Orwi/^;, who tlttilitd v- with a well built Caftle, and made it the founii Government under the Vicc-Kov of G':/i ; andwliJe they held it, they made a great Profit ; but the neighbouring Ambian Princes beat them out and liiU poifefs it. Sr^har, the Capital of 0m/jM0rKfli/4«» Prindpiliiy, feated upon the fame Coalt about 25 Leagues from Ml/, ire, to the North-wefl, was a Place of (;rcat Trade in ancient lime, fending Ships as firas C'.'"';, fays the .N'«/'i/iw Geographer. E!c.uif, feated at thr bottom of a fmall Da', in the Weficri) Shoar ol the Vaji.'.n Gu'.ph in the 17 D- of North .'a tude; gives name to a large Irin- cipalit) uiljed to tlie )'...■/;, and is a I'la^e of Trade. 'I h.s w.;s the Coumry of the Lemiit.: in L'tolimy, Lnjfr.ch IT '..thfu i!-.e -Seat of the Thi/c^)?.! P>e!'kT- beg, who Governs the Province oi ji/ihraim, itaiiuS Co Miles South from Etcntif, Thcfe DIAR'BBCK in Genera/, Thefc are the chief Places on the Coaft. Ill the Mid-Iand. S^H-irt, the Capital of Tf/MOTd Principality, feated oni Hill, ill the 10 Deg. Latit. loo Miles Eaft from the Coaft of the /(t,/-5cr.(, is one of the greatelt and moll Fopiilous Cities of /irabU, according to the )V///'/.i« Geographer, and blefled with a Fruitful Soil. 4^ Themit or Thetmtn, faid to be a walled City of fifteen Miles fquarc, but comprelicndiiig a great quantity of Ground for Tillage. And Stilxitha ot Sabotit mention d By I'ltny, feated in the midft of the Country on a higli H;il, anciently large aud populous, having 60 Temples within its Walls J and ftiongly Fortified. CHAP, yi DIARBECK at Large. Comprehending Diarbeck, Yerack, and Curdistan ; Which were the Ancient Mesopotamia, Chald/ea, and Assyria, I'j^iir fmall Bi' , in I ill the 17 !)• a large Irui- s a ria^e of e. Ltiwit.i in Tlitfe DIAIiBECK. or Diar.BechU, i.e. the the Duke's Country, in the large Extent at its three Provinces, lies along the Banks of the Rivers Eufhrarcs and '^'X,'''', t'roai North Nonh-welt to South-eaft ■, that is, fiom Mount Taw Hi which divides it from Turccmania, in the Noith, to the inmolt rccels of thi; Ptrfinn Gulph in the South 600 Miles, and fror.i lialt to Weft, that ;s, between S)u<<jaiid Aritbii-Deferta on one fide, and i'!'fi'ton the other, in fome Parts 200 Miles, in o- others near 300, and in ths lower or Southern hardly 150. It is (ituate between the 30 and 40 Deg, of Latic. iiiJ in Polfcires the fifth and Sixth Climates, whofe biigeft Day is from i.j. Hours and a quarter to 1) Hours, and confequcntly enjoys a good Tempc- tatiire of Air, and the Soil alfo is Rich and Fruitful. The two great Rivers Euphrntci and Tigfii, have almoft their whole Courfe thro' this Country. For Eiiphrntci, now sailed Frai, hath its Source in the Mountains in the North-eaft corner of Turcmuviia, running crofs that Province direftly Weft, turns Jown Southward at the foot of Mount Tannii, and iiistking the Welt Boundary of Turcom.viiu, palfes along between 5>ri<i and Diarbeck, and by the liniirs of Part of /tr/tbin-Dcfirta, continues its Current thro' the Middle of rtmcit; or ChM.cn, till it empties its felf into the i^ff/K» Gulph at B<(yi»4, dividing of- ten into Brancheswhich uniteagain. The River Tigris, now 'i'')j>/, hath its rife alfo in Tunomaiiu, in a Plain fays Cuverius, in the Moun- tains G(?r(/.c/, (ays Biturauii, runs thro' the Lake Wrt- thnf/:, and under Mount Tau> m, and thro' another lake Tbofpiec!, often finking under Ground and ri- ling again, in one Place palling unfeen for 15 Miles, then continuing its Courfe S luihward with a very 'apid Stream, whence it hath its Name, Tigrii Rr- nifying a Datt, is encrealed by many Rivers paffrs between jljjjna and Mefopotttmi,;, and below B,igJr/i Branches out into a new Channel, which runninS crol's, falls into the Euphrttci, and makes an Iftand, the main Stream continuing its Southern Courfe, falls into • the Uufhrr.tes, and the Conflux which bore the Name of Pajitigris, runs forward into the Pofian Giilpb. Thefe and feveral fmaller Rivers cffcdlually wa- tering this Land, rcndred it always fo exceeding Fruitful, that among the Difputcs and various Opi- nions, concerning the Situation of i'n</iHicc or the Garden of Eden. The moft judicious among the Learned are agreed upon it, that it was feated in the South part of this Country, between the two Rivers Tigris and Euphrates, Bilhop Patrick, Dr. Hejlin, v. Dan. Htietius, and Frid. Spanheitn, are among" thofe that Concur inthisOpinion. The Firft Great Monarchy of the World, was de- nominated and had its Regal Seat ui th s Country. The AjJ'yrian Monarchy began with Simrod, and continued in two Races of Kings, above 1600 Years, that is to fay, under the Succclfors of Virtcorf and Niniis, above 1300 Years ; and under the CimI- ds.vi Monarchs, from Plud Belcchus to BctthaJJar, (who was (lain by Cyius, and the Monarchy conveyed to Pcrjia,) near 300 Years. During wluch time, noc only thefe Countries, but alfo all the Afia-Minor, Syria, Pntcftinc, and fome Part of //rdij-j, werc undec its Dominion. The ASSTliJA Pro;>r;V, which is the preferit Ciirdiftm', was the North-eaft Part, lying on the Eaft fide of the River Tigris, between Armenia on the North, and Babylonia on the South. Named from AJJ'ur the Son of Shem who fiilt planted it, and was divided into ten Provinces. 1 he chief Cities of it werc, N/'w.'w, Ctefifhn^ Arbek and Larijj'a. MESO- ! i I AM ^ih"*^ m ■''ill ■■■. f'-,i m- I 4« 7 VRK_r m ASIA. I II i' Mr.sOl'OTAMlA. whidi \s the prcfcnt Dir.ricck. Propfr,lics between tlie two Rivers Kn/'/'r.irfj and Ti- ?rii,h.ivin)^ the Mnumains of Atmenin on the Nortli, and the t.uplini'j with the Branch derived from the T');n'', and falhng into it on the South. Called Mc/oi'riaw.'a froni it<i thus Situation between Rivets, as the Kaine iinphcd in their language, and Ar.wi- ti.tlhiinii in llchicw : called alfj ia.lr.ti-Aitun by the Il'-aclifs; where Lnhtn dwelt, and whither ''ii-.euh tied from his Brnhcr's Wrath. \'iuUn fipnilicd Fruittui, and //' iHi was the peneral Name pi\en to all Sia,», a.s well as thcfc Countries, fo that the //(•/' iw Name of I'.iJr.ii^ implied a great rcrtility, vs'hich the Northern part is lilclfed with to a vcr> high degree, vieldirp Corn and Wine, and all Nccclfaries for Life in abundance ; wherefore Dr. tlrylin will con- fine that Name to this Part only, the Southern being barren and dcfart. The chitt Cities of it were, Se. laai'i, K.fibu, litirlj'n, C/jjm,(/i and C™/' rj, fuppof- cd by !'ojJiiii, to be the Vr of the ChMca. CflALD.V.A QT B(>/'v/oHM was the South part, the prcfent T' .t.k whiih lies between, and on both lidcs the two Kivcr'; and united Stream,betwecn Ai iw ? on the \Vc(f, and I'r'/i: on the Haft, to the mouth of the I'etju'.'i (nilpli on the Soi th. It w.-is dividcil into fiur Provinces, and its chief Citits were, ij.icy'rn, I'o^lli, H ifij'fr. OT Utiifn.i, inAViciioA o Omr.i, by oihers taken to be the I'l of the C/'.i/i/(w where Ahf.- i iU)i was born. Of the prcfcnt m.vle.k, we have this Account from WoL'.ern Tia\cllersand Geographers, thnt it is a Country of n.itural Krtiliiy, hut thro' the i ,;;/i'j Hudcnels, iK'iilicr well Cultivated, nor populoulH" Inhabiicd. Being the Frontier towards I'eijii, s indeed pretty well Guarded, but the many famoi ■. Cities fo very much renowned for Magnitmie ani) Opulcncy, are at prcfent heaps f>f l".uins. B.- ./.i.-, \ltij]'u', Cnr/ihm:i, and fuire few others are inde'-d Wealthy and Populous., Jjiit the rell are only forry Townj. It is by fJcograplu'is divided into three Parts. nam.:ly liia^hck. ifri.''Hy taki n, 7'i').-i'< and w ..Jl.vi. The firrt whereof is the Noiih-weA part bcuvcm ilic ivvo R.vers linp'i.urs and T'^.u. ThcTlnrii, the Nonh-Cilt P.uttiward I'fjir. And the*: .oiid, the South Part toward Aiabi/i and the I'cji u, Ciulph. Go\ernnicnt, 'lis fiibjcvl to thcfc D'n-ilr.piii , aiul under him ncgicibegs, r.-. The Bcglcibu; 1 9 S.mgiav ks. 1 iic I'cgltil ■.s.or/^/]!;.!, andutidrr him 7 Sangiacks. The Bcgieiln.}; of MoifJ'iu, and unjer him 5 Saii- gi.uks. I'he Bcglerbci; oF C/';V,i:j.(,/or Scu.Cyu:, and?'' .Sangiacks. The Beglerbeg of L'/i:;..'.!,*, who has under him ill Sangiacks. The Degkibeg of Bj//"m, and under him 116 Sangiacks, thus Sir I'.ml l{^c.nir ; but the lad ought to be placed elf-wliere, for we aic told by Travellers, that liajprj is >■ , v fubj'iil to its own Prince, and coiifeque^itly the Ti/. /;)/?; Go- •ernotir n-.uit rcfidc in fomc other Place. A Tablcof the Chief Cities in DIAI^BECK- 1 Cnrnlmet, \ or Dinrbrkji , l{il^.i or l<jct(,/i, Moiijjul, Orf.i or rJr(],i, <• WiVor Eihi>, \isliin or \ifihii, Merdin, Xjiin, IVroi rhtChnldtet. MESOPOTAMIA Diarbeck I'mp. CHALD^A or Yerack ' Btigdat, tt/ihyloti, Tr^xt, BM/o'.t, I Oiirtn, Corno or Quorna, I Scleiicia, [_CfeJipl'on. ASSYRIA or Curdiftan. r Chirnxi) \ Ihvpcl, ) alttuce, iBcttli:, ishieirh. I RchoOoh^ TCI// or Schchtiful. To bej:'in with Viarlcck proper, which as wc have faid.was the ancient M'-jofitnuiir.; under which Name an.' that of \'tidnt-Aram, wc find it rerrarkaWe in Scripture for the Births of Abrahi-.m and l.a, l^rkk,- /;.■/, l{f.ci ■ and l.cnh, the fojoummcnt of J^r-/;, and the Thraldom of the I/meiitcs there for eight Years, which was the tirft Bondage after the Pof- feJion ot ( .!« (.)», and from which they were rc- Ic'.icd by (>.-'' «/(•/, 'Jiid?^.^. Its Iiiliibitants wallow- ing in Sin and Idolatry when Ahrnh.mi lived, that Holy Family was railed thence by God. Subjcc't altemattly to the Af]yri/jK , Dd)i'- '.'r.n, M'di.iti and Pr fmn Monarclis. Com]iiorcd by the l^mr.m under Vomi'-y, recoveicd in proccf'ot tinu; by the I'cji.ins, Coiii]uereii by the 5''"' v"-'; .ind now fubjcft to tlie 'iV///;j. Cl- ijlUnii) was planted here foon after the Al ccnliojj by S. Thndilt:ii, being fent by S. Than/rr, piu- luant to the invitation of A;'irtui King of A.i^//', who as I'.j.'l'iiis reports it from the Archievcs of the (jty, wrote a Letter to Our .Saviour, defiring his Prefcnce to her, him of a Sicknefs. A Story which palfed unrr mr.ididcd for many Ages, but in our more illuminai'ii times, has been oppofed and even condcirined. Howe.ir, 'tis nioft certain our Holy Religion, was plinted and flourilhed well in this Country, but it Purity was defiled in the begin- ning of the Sixth Cent ry. by one Jacobin (called Sjiius, becaufe a «>. by Biith ) who revived an ancient Hcrr(ie that hid I i-cn Hrft broach'd by /•> Oi/c^ confining of fome b etc odox Opinions, a- mong which, the denying of the two Natures of Chrift, retaining C rcuir- ilion, ffirmirg th.it Angela confift of Fire and I uht. 'hat die Souls if the de- reafcd rcii;gin in Earth till Chril^'s coming ; ari: tht chiet MBSOTOTAMIA or Vtark'tii propria. 4.7 chief. Fiom him the Seft arc called Jcculiici, and under tbac Name are often mentioned in Hiflory tnd Travels ; whole Patriarch reliJcs here, and ha$ JurilJidion over all their Sc£l in ^iyU as well as here, tiidtliout'.htco luvencar i ooooo FainUci under his Oliedience. The Land as we have faid, is exceeding Fertile in ilie Northern Parr, but Southward it is Barren and Otlart. The chief Gties are, lidcjj'.i, which ia at prefent called Orfa, OrpL.i or Qnln, fcated in the 36 Dcg. of I at. about <)o Miles Eaii from the Ruer liuphmtes, atthc head of the Ri- v«r iV/iro/, ill a fruitful, well cultivated and plca- fint Champion. A City io conliderable as by lome 10 be accouiiteil thechief of the Province. Orpli/i{{aya i{juiro:r) with its Qaftle, is fituated very pleafantly 00 a HiiJ ; the Town is pictty larec and well pro. vijcd wiili Fortifications ; the Inuabiiants deal in Tapiftry of di.cr< forts, whereof fomc are made iieie i there is alfo a very good FaiSory of Trade iiOia ^I'pp'; Dam.i{aut aivl ConJIanjHaople, for C<jm/j- mti, which is five D.iys Journey ftom it, and thence fold into Pcrjhi, liuiif^ (Sic. ,\ plentiful Well near the Town is caHed /iirdhrm's, and (hewn to Stran- gcis, aa (hat to which l^ebech/ilt came to Water her rlot.'ks {C>cN. 14.) and upon tbac belief, 'tis held in gieat Honour. Ourf'a is the Capital of Mcfifot.-.miu, lurrounded wiili Walls of Ficcftone, provided with liitilemems and lowers leaicd in a good Soil, pro- ducing Wmo niiol aH'ords pleafam (hardens, which lie watered by Chanels broujtht by Art: The Houfes U) the Town are (mail ill built and fo ruinous, that ill fomc Places ic looks more like a Defart than a Me- tropolis i the City is governed by a Baiha, who has under him 150 janizaries ami 600 Spahi's. Heie IS Jieflcd great ijuantity of yellow 'iHrii-I.eather, the Water of this Place giving it a particular Beauty. ['I'nvtrmer ) l\dej]lt, was fo ancient a Place, that in IfiJeri time Sitnrod was named as its Founder. Under the l{omans 'iwas the Capital of the Ojhohene,. which was ihe Northern part of Melofotamin. Sub- ject 10 its own Prince ill our Saviour's time, tc whom aswc have faid he wrote a Letter declaring a Faith in him, and deliring his prefence to cure him of a Di- feafc he was afflidf cd with. The See of an Arch- bilhop in C/)r</Ji«Hi(;, and in the Holy-War it was fubjea to the Chriftium, together with the Country lound about it, which was ercd\ed into a County, ami made one of their four Governments in the halt, ivhi;h was Conquered by the 'lurkj, ^""o 1141. By the (i/M/^j this City was named Calliriwe, from the fair Fountains ; by the l.ttinti it was fometimc called Juftinoficiii, from the Kmpcror Jujhn who re- dified it ; by the Arr.hiim 'tis called Hi'oi and i)iriih.ui. It is fuppofcd by Dr. Unlin, to be the Chim or lUirnn whither Ainikim with his Father •iiid Family removed when they departed from Vr : But according to Goliiii, N'''^fr, and others, Cb-iran "liich was the fame called Chanhe by the Uptimm, Jnd notable for the Defeat and Death of CmJJ'ut by ^htPmthinnt, ftood more to the North 40 Miles di- Itant from hence. P.dejfa is remembretl in the^o- >mn Hiftory, for ' the Death of the Emperor Cara- catia by the band otMrtcrinus: The firft taking it by the Snrai^eni was in Anno 617- Prince B4/dwi» Brother to C<W/rf/ at huiUgn got poffeflion of it * 1097, and the THri^i retook it as we have faid in 1 141. [(oumif mentions a town named ^«^'", which lit reprcfentsaj a fine Place, but not very big^ lying on an Afccnt furroundcd with good Walls and Ditiihcs, and well fupplicd with fre(h Springs and Fountains ; this Town by his account muft itand in the Mid-way between Orfha and Mouful j but is not fcen in the Maps. B<V or Elbir, called Bir)^fon by the Inhabitants, is feated on the Hufhnttei "in the 37 Deg. of Lat! upon the fide of a Hill, dtfeiided by one Cafllc on the Banks of the River, and anorliir on the Land lide, in which a Sangiack with ioo Janlzarus, and 400 Spahi's refide. It is neither big nor ftrong (lays Hfiumf, who travelled thro' it. but pretty well de- fended by the Caftlc that ftaiiJs upon a high Rock above the River, hii ( fays Tavernici) is a large City built like an Amphitheatre, upon the brow of a very craggy Mountain, and li;is two Caftles, one by the River under the Hill, and another in rjie higheft part cf the Town where the Governor re- fides. There is a pleafam and very fruitful Country round about it, which is well Till'd and iiow'd wuh Corn : More towards the Eaft the Country is Hilly, and very Rough and Barren at top. The Enpiintes at this Town is about a Mile broad, but its Cur- rent is not very fwift, and therefore ordinarily failed over, which makes this Place a kind of Feriy from Syria. The River is continually muddy, wherefore the People of this and other Places who drink its Water,are forced to keep it in cirthern Poti till u fub- fides {l{aimolt) This Town is jiidg'd by Lh. Itcj- tin to be the Vina or Binii: of I'lclomr, vvhi^h //,r«- umler the great fortified and render'd lu Uroin;, that Snpoies the Watlike Peifmn, who rook the Emperor Vithriim Prifoner, was obliged to qv.it its Siege with- out taking it. liilc, l{fck/i or Rjxn, the Capital of the Beglcr- begate to which it gives Name, is feated on the Eu- phiatcs in the Latitude of 30. that i% about 60 Miles below Bir, between two .'\fcents, fo as not to be fecn till you are jufl upon if. The Town is piti- fully built with forry Walls, and a Caftlc old but pretty fircmg, wherein a Garrifoii of 1200 Spahi's rclidc with the Beglerbeg ; the ptefent Town may be called the NVip, for upon the higher Ground, arc feen the Ruins of an Old Town, which was Magnificent : A large and ftrong but ruinous Build- ing whereof is ftill Handing ; which, fays my Au- thor iH^uwolf) feems to have been the PalaccOf a Prince. The Dcfolation he attributes to the Tar- tan who under their King Uatilon took this City Anno. 1 160. DitubtkJT as fome Maps write it, but in the viilgar Language of the Place, 'tisnani'd Cnrahua or /Qjr- Bmit. By its Situation it fhould be the lame which Sanfon calls Ajiaiifuef, flanding aiithr WeftemTiank. of the River I'is^ris, in the jS Degr. of Latit. fix Days journey from Oifha ; a famous City for Tiade fays Rittttvo//. It is a large and populous City For- tified with a double Wall and ( Towers, and is the Seat of a Beglerbeg who is ''•..rBujfj, anti has great Power as well as largi. ...pnloil, being abtb to bring loooo Men into the Field. So Populous, that of' C/;r>yii(j«j only there 10000 Inhabitants, fays Tavernier. This City has three G^tcs, two or three fair Piazza's and a magnificent Mofque. The dref- fing and tanning of the red Goat Skins, which we call Turi(;f/-Leainer, is thechief Trade of the Place. The Couhtry about it is fruitful aod pleafant, and abounds in Corn, Wine, and Cartel, its ancient Name was Amida, called alfo for a fliort time Cen- JUnti.i, by Conjl/mtim tlie Son of Conftrntine, who Rcpjfifew mm m^' H ''» , '., '\ I'lir m 8 TV R K.r m ASIA. m RiTaireJ aiiJ much Bcii.iificil it. The Jacobite l\i- trlarih rclidcs here. Of <M).c/)ui/, S(in/«(» gives tliis Charatlor, r.';;. 'til the Metropolis of Diitrbe^k., a large City with fcvrral Subuibs and ccntaiiii a vail number oi' Ir.h*bitants. [ nuilk not omit, that in fome Maps, the Name r>'.ii'h-k'> is given to a Town fitiiatc in the Mid- land, about bo Miles from t... /)(</« to the Eaft, and North- Eaft from Bi'- Nifibli now Ki'b'.n, a Midland Town J5 Miles from the Tigris towards C/inht, was heretofore a very conliderable City called Antcnia Mygdonia, from the River M)gl niui which runs thro' it j iindcrthc l{n- iiiAiis, It was the Capital of MfJopot.imU p>opri,i, well defended by its Billiop in Canjlitntluj time a- gainft the I'njlins, but taken by them afterwards in tlic Reign of J u.'wM'/. In its [ircfcnt State, 'tis the Scat of a Twk'P^ Sangi.ick, ftands on two fmall Hills, and makes a handfonic view at a diftancc, but tho' a pretty large Town.hasbm Ibrrv appearance when you come into it, being pitifully built. The l,.ind about it ii very fruitful and well cultiva-cd, the Biifmefs of the Place being altigether Agriculture, which their good Soil renders very profitable to them, _t)ieir Orchards and Corn-Fields, cfpecially the fi riiUT affording great Profit from the Poiiie- graiiati-s, Uigs, Cubcbs (ire. which they fend to Foreign Parts: And fo numerous arc their Fruit- Trecs , that vou would take thcni for Woods of wild ones. {l{^uv>o!f.) On the Eaft of Kifibh between it and ^j^' ", flood t-V of the CraUeei, where Al=Ah:m was born and lived, till by Divine Vocation, he remove to Chn - uri, and thence to Cnnaan. Tis Difputed indeed, and others place it much more Southward in Cl>iild.t.t, but the Arguments on the fide for this Place, are too forcible to be given up to meet T-rfi^/f/o;;, its being called of the Cnaldees, not being fufficient to confine It uncontroulably to the limits of Chaul.t^, as we nn- tlerftand its Bounds ; for cither that Name might be extended to more Country in thofe Days than it was afttrwarJ, or the ChaU"nni iray have made Excur- lions, and taken this and other Places beyond the limits of their own Country. The Place which Tradition named, was Oium upon the Lakes, made by tlie r.ufli'ntes on its Weft fide, in the Lat. of ?a. the fimilituJc of which Name, might perhaps be the rrafon . But it muft be remembred that in Scripture, (7/7'. 14.) it is faid Terj/- dwelt on the other fide the Flood, '. f- liuphrrrc , whereas their Ourt/'. was feate J on this fide of i^ And if from thence they had been to have travelled to e-mail, 'tis highly improbable they (liould have gone Northward fohigh as Clannn, when the diredl way and not far neither, Jay crofs Arniia. Befidcs 'tis obferved by Criticks, that all his Anceftorsfrom VhiU^ downward, dwelt in the Northern Parts of M:Jopot,imi.i, and there- fore there is little realbn to believe that Tcmb Ihould have feperated himlelf fo far from liis Brethren. Mouful, the Capital of a Beglerbegat, ftands 011 the Weft Bank of the River Tl^/ii, in the I at. 36. d. It is a large City furrounded with Stone Walls, and bas many fair Streets, but withal a great many lying wafte. T.tvcrnier fpeaksof it as a very ruin'd Place, that there are only two blind Markets and a furry Caftle, and yet he fays it is much frequented by Merchants, and that its Baifa commands joco Men. Here is a Bridge of Boats over the Tigrit, and th City is a thoroughfare from ?eijia to Syrir., which (hakes it a Place of Trade, tvhich is the more aug- mented by a conftant Tinftick fion, ihi> Win to ttaidtt. The Country on this fiilc the Rucr ij Sandy and Barren, but ovrrugainll it is excelling Fruitful, and yields them very good Crops if Corn, and divers Fruits. 'I'his Town altho' liibrct to the Tmk, ar.d the Seat uf a Balla, is inoftly iniiabiu'd by Ncjlni.m Chrlfiir.ni ; a People (fays Rihwidi] vvho tho' pretend to be CbiijUins, art woife than Tml^i, for they rradict manyVillanies, and ordinarily Rob on the H'gh way. This is commnnly called the SuccelFor of NVhci r/> ; it may indeed have been ' ijjt out of its Ruines, but the Situation is dittcrcru, for that City ftood on the other fide of the Rue; in Ajjj'ir, of which we IhiiU (peak by .iikI by. Ct-^lr or fi>^/M, llind? in an Illand of die Ru(t I'ivh, 70 Miles above Mi.ujui, in lat. 3?, -ic It is a (mall City, but rich by the Trade ijf (jails and Tobacco, which the Plains upon Mount I'm ui flcn- tifully produce, and by thefe People is gathered and brought hither. The City is fubjedl to its own Prince, and here is a Bridge of Boats over the Tigris. Mndi'i, feated within Land 60 Miles Weft from Ci> ^.V, ii a liifir City well Walled, and has a Calllc feated on the North fide of the City on .i riling Cituund, whence flows an excellent freth jpriiij!, wherein (a Paiha or ratherj a Sangiack rriidcn wiiti a Garnfon of 200 Spahi's and 40c Jarifarics, fa\s Tiveitilfy. I am iiKlined fo believe, this is the fame PLice that l{r,Nrro:f calls ~//>rn already rrfn- tioned, for it agrees in all its Charaflcrs : ^V|lcrl;JJ 'tis not likely fo confiderable a Place as he makes ^iiiii^ ftiould be wholly omitted in the Maps. C HA I.DAL A or TF. /< .-; C K., lies on the South of Mefipatnmi/i, between and oa both fide? the! ttvo Rivets Tigris and Euphrates, r havealrcaJy faiJ. We are told by St. jerotn, : CAiJii derived their Name from Chr/ed, t ' Son of K-crji, the Brother of Ab'ahaw: L.,.. , ^ms by Scriiniire, to have been a Name of more Antiquity. The Soil was anciently fo Fertile, that a 'corJing to Hcrcdotus, it yielded ioo or ^00 Fold ; anil iv might ftill be fo if regularly Mannured. The Pa- ftiires yield numerous Herds of Cattel, and thenco great plenty of Milk and Butter. This was the Part of tho World vthich was Ho- noured with the htA Prcl'ence of Man, the Para- dice wherein Cod placed Adc.m, being as «c faid judged by the Learned of this Age, to have been feated here. The Language c? this Country was different from the Hebrew, which was the Language of Wr/o/-- tamiii, but by tie long continuance of the .?.'ipj a- mong them, the Purity of both Languages wis broken, and the Syrian which is fiill ufej here, produced. The People v/ere very early Proficients in the Knowledge of tie Stars, whence judicial AHrol^gy, and thence all fcrts of Divinations and Southlavmi; became Rife amc ng them. They have alio ihc Re- putation of being the firft Idolaters in the World. And 'twas here tl, at the Ambition of Man, loin exerted it felf as to pretend to Vie with the Powei of Heaven, in t'.at bold Strudurc of the Tower ot Bnbel. Cimftimity 'ti. fuppofcd was firft Preached hereby St. Peter, who fcems to Date his firft Epiftlc Itoni B/ihyton; but in regard that no mention is made elk where of his travelling fo far, many are of Orinitr. that is not ro Ic underftond in a literal Scufe, bti uverptet.'i I U t'HI CHALVjEA or rERACK. intfrpretcJ /^.wf rather. Buc whoever Planted, the Holy Ghoft propopatcd it ; »nd Co early as the Ni- itnc Giuncil, we Imd the Bilhop pf Hiliudu in great Honour i and in all future AH'cmbhcs, he had Place next I lie Patriarch of Jfri//iA'w. TheC/'r//?/jn/ arc llill nunurous here, but not truly Orthodox ; the (WO Hcrclies of Jncobui and Ntftoius, together with fcveral Heterodox Opinions and Cuftoms pre- vailing among them. Of the y,icnl/iiri wc have fpokcn already in Mcfifeumin ; and (incc the Nrflo- nam ire Mi much fpoken of in Books of Travels in thele Parts of the World, altho' it be a little Fo- ifignio our purpofe, we will give our Reader a ge- neral Idea of that Hereiic, t^rfto ii.i a Monk nt Antioch in Sjria, by h»s Piety inJ rrcaching obtained fuch Rcputaiion, that upon the l)i.'3th o( Sifimiiui Archbilhopof Conjlantiniifle, /lnHii 417. the fempcror caufed him to be chofen to fuccerj hi:ii. Bmas he appeared exceeding Zealous againit Hertfic, 'tis no wonder that any new Opi- nion finm him Ihould cauli; indignation i it bappcn- eJ ihat a Piielt namid Anajlutitii whom he fa\oured, had cxpielfeJ in his Sermon, That the Virgin Mary o.'i^/V net 10 he chilled thi Mother of God, for jhe was a U'im.iii, and Hod could not he Bom rf a l-t'oman. Which Pr'polition the Bifhop defending, raifed up lb many Enemies againft him, that he was loon cx- pcli'd and died in Hxilc. This was the Originc of ihat Scilt ; which by opnolititin feems to have en- acjfcd, (ill it fpread it Ulf very far, and its Pro- icliics became fo mimerous, thatatthis Pay and for many Ages paft, the greatell Part of the Chrifliuns of the badern Parts are of it ; and fo formidable arc they, as to have a Patriarch of their own, who iclides at Moufiil, and has Jutifdidion over all thcit Bilhops in Snii, Chaldjn, India, (sIc Their Opi- nion which have been Condemne4 are. That there Wirt mo I'erfo/u At vieli at two Natures in our Saviour, hut unfcfs him to be both God and Man ; and' that Maty ought not to bi called the Mother of God, tUtho' jhe mny be call-d .'he Mother of the Sen of God. In O- ther Dogmcs .ley differ only from the Church of Home, as communicating in both kinds, allowing Marriage to Priefts, denying auricular ConfeiTion, not praying to Crucifix's and Images, (s!c. And up- on the whole, if the vain Fopperies ufed by them in Religion were retreiKhed, and their Morals re- formed ; they would not appear fo odious as the /(omjij Church, who envies the Power of this Pa- triarch, rcprefcnts them. Before we enter upon an Account of the prefest Towns, 'lis necelTary to fpeak of the Ancient Bah]f- ItH and Scleuci.i, and the other Places moft reinarka- blf ill Antiquity. BylBTLON, whence the whole Province and even Empire was fometimc named, ftood on both lidcs the River Eupiiratct, firft built by Nimrod near the Tower of Babel, and made the Seat of his Empire. A City in its moft flourilhing Sure of that Extent and Magnificence, that as ic was then reck- oned among the Wonders of the World, fo it ftill deferves fome remembrance, we ihall therefore from Diod, Siculus, give the Reader a Ihort Account of it. Simiramit the Widow and Succeffor of Mw«, the third Monarch of this Empire, refolving to oot-do her Husband, who 1 id built Kiueveh, Founded or atleaft Re-edified the City oi Babylon j wherein fays my Author, Two Miilwns of Men were employed, who in a Years time built the Walls which were uma/iy Furlongs round at the Year h^d Days, 45 (which makes near 46 Miles ) the hcighth 50 Opa'i or Fathom ; that it 100 Yards, the breadth fo large as to admit fix Chariots on a brealt : Or ariording to others, only 50 Cubits high and broad enough for two Chariots. The Wall was adorned and guarded by i$o large Turrets, and the Land round the City lay low, and in fome part of it deep Moraf* i alt which mull needs render the Place citream ifrong. The River ran thio' the middle of the City, and on each (ide of it (tood a roagnilirent Palace, which were made communicable by a Vault under thcRivei-, as well as by a molt (lately Bridge over it. The Palace on the Weft fide, was much the ftateUer of the two, the Walls of which were 60 Furlongs, or fevcn Miles and half round the outer Court, tor it was divided into ihtec ; the Iccoiid Court was 40 Furlongs, furrounded by a Wall of incredible thicknefs, namely 300 Bricks, and in hcighth ico Yards, upon which many Towers were ereiitcd much higher, whence the whole City might be furveyed ; The third Court was thirty Furlongs in ci'ci'it, fur- rounded alio with a Wall of llill greater heighth. This was the Royal Apartment, and was adorn'd with Balfo, Rclcivu's, C'lildmgs Paintings, ando- ther Decorations fiiitable to a Struifliire of fuch Mag- niticencr. She alfo huilt a Temple to Jupiter or Be- lut of mighty height, as may be judg'd by the Mag- nitude of the Statues fet at top, which weighed loco Talents each, and werr 411 toot high. N t«- chadne:{^ar did alfo in his tmie liiautitie and im- prove this City fo mucli that in his Pride we tind him vaun iig, Dan. 4. It nt thit th: grei-.t Babylon m'/f A I have built } Ijiftly, To the Beauty of Babylon, the Florti l'fw/?/f jor hangingGatdens as they Wijre called, added ' uch, and are moftly talked of in Antiquity; thefe . re Gardens railed by Arches above one ano- ther to an incredible heighth, wherein trees of vaft Bulk and fruit of the moft exquifite kinds, were cuU tivated and grew in the greateft Perfcdtion. So Great was this City, that Ai ijlotle fays, it ought fa- ther to be called a Country, and that when the Town was taken, it was three Days before the fur- theft Part of it had notice of it Notivithltanding its Strength this City was taken by C)'iit and by 4- texander^ the former by Siraragem thus, ho cut di- vers Trenches, by which he drew off the Water of the Euphatet, and fo entred thro" the dry Channel- The latter having defeated the Perfian Forces at Ar- beln, was received with open Gates. As for the ta- king it by Dariut thjla/pei, that does not defervc the name of a Conqueft, for it was but a recovery from Rebellion, and that too obtained by a Treachery that will hardly ever be imitated, ^pyrut mangled and deformed himfelf for his Matter's Ser- vice, but with that Loyalty he adted Treachery, which notwithftanding all counter Merit, muft and always will be odious to a Man of true Virtue. After Alexander'! Death, which happen'd here, the Glories of this City daily declined ; fo that Diod. Sicu'm who lived in the time of Julius Citfar fpeak J of it as a decayed Place, Q. Curtiui, in Vejpafian'i time, fays, 'twas leifen'd to a fourth Parr, in P/i'n;'s!ime reduced to Defolation : And in St. Jerome'i Days turned into a Park for the Kings of Perfia to Hum: in it. Its prefent condition it thus reprefented bv .^auwolf, the Village Elugo ftanda where formerly old Biiylon flood, whereof at pre- fent there remains nothing but Foundations of great Buildings, to teftifie this to be the very Place, toge- ther with fome Pieces of the Arches of that fo fa- H inout n'l:; ■AH 'fif'-lii Wir^AX J 1/ r/ m % il 56 7 VRKr in ASIA. mous Bridge, which Arches are builc of Brick, and wonderfully Strong ; The River here i> h»lf a League broad, which renders ihe Scrudoxe of chis Bridge the more admirable. Upoii a Hiii near the Village are fcen the Ruins of the Caftlc, where fowe Ve- ftigia of iu Magnificence ilill appear. And at no freat diftance may be {een the roundacions of the ower of Bdil, which is half a League in Diame- ter; 'tis pcrfet^ Ruins and low almod co the Ground, and fo filled with Vermin and Serpents, who have made themfclvcs Dens in it, that 'tis up- (afe approaching too ncf r it ; he tells us alfo that the Country hereabout is fo dry and barren, ihiit it can- not be tilled. A wonderful Change ! The mod Magnittcent City that ever was reduced ^p fo pcr- fedt Delolation, that not a Koof of any fort is left ftanding, and even the Land about it too, from a fertile Soil changed to a nioft fteril Defart. Tlie Tower of B.ihel as Scripture inforrns us, was began to be built ffoon after the Flood, with intention to carry ii fo higt, that its top fliould be out of the reach of all future Iiumdations: But it pleafed God to break their Defign by confounding their Language. By ancient Tradition we have this Account of It, namely, that it wa.{ built of round form, the Afcent winding about the out-(idc in a Urge Road, fit for Carts, Hotfes, and other Cat- tle, with Lodgings and Convenience for both Man and Bealt, which was already laifed <; 146 Paces from the Ground, before the confulion of Tongues. But ti-is is only "Tradition, and I nuiftqueftion the Truin of this laft particular, at leaft if it be meant in perpendicular height ; for 5146 Geometrical Pa- ces, is above four Mues and three quarters, or if by Paces be meant Yards only, it will ftill be found vaflly to exceed any Sttutfhire, nay even any Moun- tain, or other Eminence on the whole 'Earth. Ti» true if the Menfuradon be reckoned f{^irally of the Journey up, ic may come near a probable truth, But to proceed, Hackluit tel|s us, .the Ruins of this Tower ftand on the Weit fide of Tigrit, about eight Miles above Ba^tiit, and n^ajces a kind of Mountain, that the Bricks whereof it was built, are half Yard thick and three quarters long, between every Courfe lies a Mat pf Canes as tound as if newly laid. But this Situation not agreeing with that of Bnbylcn, which was 60 Miles dill^ii froni the prefcnt Br.gcUt, 'twill be wifer to believe this the Ruins of Sehuii/i. The whole Plain between the two Rivers, is filled with the Ruins of great Build- ings, among which that called Dunici'i-fmcr is the moft pcrfedl, and aftbrds a Vtofvt& frnni its top of the extent of this once Famous City. Stleiicia the SucceffbrofiU^^fonjaDd by, ancient Au- thors fuppofedtobe the fanie Place; \nr^i$ tcpbanvi (peaking of Bnb^lou, fays it was alfo caUed^(/«HCM. out that he was mi(lak«n, and even the mo^e") Co- nientator upon kirn too, ( HoUleniut ) whor makes Bagdat to have rifcn out of the Ruins of bptli, it ap- parent, from the Situation of the two Places ; f(>r ><tfi(n>a// cannot have been milUkcn in the Ruins of BaLyhn, ijie Bridge over the liupkratei, whereof tber? is , noinc other quite ifom Bir downwards, fof lo far he fatl'd upon the River, being fuch a Chara- dU'riftii!casputsitoutof doubt. And£<«gJ<ir which indeed arul« from SeUucU, Rands upon the Tigri: at 60 or 70 Milet diftance from that Bridge. Now that B/tgdat rofe out of the Ruins of Sdcucit, is not difputed, ur if it were, the mighty Ruins near it, mentioned by Hnckjuii fis we have (aid above, is a Teflimony that caraioi eafily be refuted : But tWi r.iiftake 01 Authors, is a |vowcifui evidence of tht Grandeur of •Sf/f/ic/.j, fince a little City could never been called Bckylon ; as m effetit it was in ics time 1 large and populous Place, joooao Inhabitants we arc told, were brought from Babykm to it by Antio. d'us the Son of Seleucm Nicnnor, \vho biiilt or rather re-edified it ; for according to Sfa/'o, it was a very ancient City, named firft Cochr, and afterward W/c^- Miiria, and at lafi by //(/f/oc/.'Hj called "■^■Undn inHo- nouroi his Father. In the Primitive Apc^ of Chti. JlUnity, it was the Sec of an Archbilhop. To pro- ceed to th.' prcfent Srare : Bngdnt, the Metropolis of this Country, is fenred on the River Tignt in the 34 Deg. of 1 at. \\ Aaj built out of the Ruins of Seleuciit by Mnhmc. II. Surnamed Bugi<ifar, Cnlifh of the Sitra:^etis, who reigned in the middle of the eighth Century, and by htm made the Scat of the Sarar{tn Empire. Its Name i"> derived from Gardens, wherewith it a- bounded, or from one Garden belonging to fl.irf a Wealthy Pirfmn. The firft Strudlme was on the WefternBankof the River, but in 1095. Citlifh .««. Jlctr.har built a n?w City on the other lide, and unit- ed both by a Bridge of lioats. It grew up with great fpecd into a Wealthy and Populous Citv, and.conti- sued the Seat of the Sam^^en Empire, till the middle of the thirteenth Century, when H/i.uim the Jut.it put an end to it, by the I^eath of the Caliph md ail his Family, and the Capture of the City, which he deftroycd : But it recovered and is at this Day a large, rich and populous PI.ice. I;s Buildings how- ever far fhort of what thofc old Accounts render thein ; which may be reafonably expefted, from the many Revolutions of it, the Tui^i^ ana the Perjim hay. ing attcroatcly poflcflccl ic divers times, till in i6it. the Tui;^! finally recovered an't have ever fince pof- ffffed it. The prefcnc State of it is thus reprefented by, Tfavellets ; it ronfifts of two Towns, that on thc'tVcfl fideof the Rivcropen orunwalled, thaion the$*tt fide well Fortified with Walls and Ditches ; between the two Tojwns is a Bridee of Boats chained together over the jRiver, which is rapid and ahoat as bcoad as the I{lj'itfe ; the Streets arc narrow, and the common Buildihcs mean ; tbePublick Buildtngi, namely the Balhawl Pallacc, the Bczifteen or Ex- change, the Bazars and the Publick Baths ai% wd) built J it is a Place of great Trade for all the Com- modities of N/ilolm, Syrin, ConHnntinofle, Dnmr.fciii, .U'ffc, Armoiin, Peifia and Indie, Goods being brought by Barges up the River from B/ilfei/t, as well as by Land in Caravans, and it is the Seat of a BaOfa or tfcglerbeg, wJlbft Authority i.< great. The Am- iiVipi call It bar.MjJiil.tm, the City of Peace. By Uackfuit we are tofd, 'twas about two Miles ronnd in \f)(>i. but very PopiUous, and of great Tnde, beit^tbc Thorpughfarfe between Petfta, Arabia and ,^,ri(i.«.' It is three Miles round fiiys Tavemier; and of great Trade, but not ft Wealthy Gnce the Tmk} havepoflelTed it, as when '.e PcrJ/itm had it, how- cvcir, al) Traveuer* reprcfent it as a large and rich Place, The Garrifon confifts of -joo Janizaries com- manded by an Aga, atwl the City is governed by a Bafha, who is ^ciieralty a Vizir, and has 600 or 700 Horfe in Service; hcrcii alfo an A^a commandrng J or 409 Spahi's, befides all which, there it a Body of Horfc called Giroguleler of 3000 in the City and neighbouring "Towns under the Command of two Agai. {Tttvetr.iii.) /(/lumd//' fuppofcs onc Town to be the ancient Utcuaa, and the other Ofiifhon, btJt his' ASSYRIA or CVKDISTAR 51 liii Opinion is hardly allowable, bccaufc Ctcfifhou according to tic ai.rieiit Accounts of it, flood much tirthcr from the River. Cicjipl"- , a Ufg* Town built by the Purtbians, Oi«r Jgainrt jtleucm, ac Iouk diltanccon the Eaft lidc ottlie Tifi'.', adoniod and fortihcd by i^uw«J a fjrthimKuK, who nude it his Re((al Scat, and itii- (itcd it a flo Jtifhing P! ice. The ^rmm otren at- lickeJ ic, and 'twas there tint Julian the Apoihfe ivis llain and uttered that rcirarkable Blafpheniy, Ikiii' tnndnn GeliU\ But (his City lioud in the limits of Proper .^(fyria, and fo lh..jld have been rc- ieried thither, if the Conjeflur.. a 'ovememioned had not Icduxto fpcakof ir hfrc. it isr»fled away, and at prcfont is nor remarkul by Ti <iV Hers. Urxi, feated between the tw.- Rivers two leagues ftom the Ruins of i)ii»o«, in th: Road lo the City ^fdf-t, fuppofcd by {{r.uwclf to bt the ancient ^pa- w:.i founded by 4" ■/•«(«.', is aveiv rtrong fortiticd Town, having a Wall and Ditch, and two Callies fur its Defence, and reckoned the Key of !'Jh. G rnj or Hjornn, a conliJcrable Uortrcfi leated at the Confluence of the two Rivers ri^rii and hu^ibia- :<(, in the Lat. ji. where an Account is taken of Merchants Goo-ls pairing up the River. i^ufu, feated on the Well (idc of the Euphates, in ihe 92 Deg. 1 atit. below the Pnludcs P.upiratli, and on the Frontieis of Aiwhia, was anciently a great i'A populoug City, being the Relidciice of the Ca- liph for fome time after the removal of the Regal- Scat from Dr.mafcus, and before the building of tiag- iit. Hj/i the IV/yjin Prophet was buried here, and therefore it ufcd to be much rcforccd to by Pilgrims, but the Kines of PctjU have hindied it, lince the Tit'k has pomlfed tins Country, becaufe 'hat Hiigri- mage added much to the Wealth of the Town, and thePlac« is now become fmalland poor and almult defpllte fays 'lav:rniei ^ Ourta or Omch, which fome fiippofe to be the t> cfCWi.fir, the Birth-plate of /itxrlam, of which wc have already fpoken, flood hereabouts. Buffcij or hr-Jorr, foatcd on the Wclkrn Bank of fr.jn}jpis,ot the united Stream of Ix^thKivcrs Kuphra- tii and Tygih, in the Lat. 30. D. 30 M. not many Leagues above us mouth into the Pirfinn Ciulpli, whofe Tide rifcs up hither and :ibove it, as far as G fnj ; is a rich and populous City, being a cele- brated Marc, to which European as well as Indiiin and ?eifian Ships rcfort, and vend the Commodities cfihe rcfpcdiiie Ciainries; 'tis reckoned the Port to h/^dat, for 'tis thither the Goods imported here arc iroftly fent. The Emn or Prince of linlfom, who is » Feudatory to thd Grand-Seignior, made it a free Port, with a fmall Culiom of four W' Cent, in the Year i6',2. which has raifed its Trade to the degree if is now feen in, and very much enriched the Prince. The City is aliou: a lia[f Leaeue dillant fiom ri:e River, it is very large and populous, ami is fiirroiuid- «J v»ith a Brick Wall, and ftand.s on the Fior.ticrs of A-ihia, to which it is by Ibme G'^ogra; hers relerred. The C/jri/?Mn/ are numerouii here, eft'ecially of the Scft called S.ihxaiis, of whom T.xicniia computes there were 15000 Families in his time, in ilie City ind Villages nearit. ASSYH^IA propri/i, or that Part of DM^BfCJf. f'^'N ciWeACwdifiitn, as ■rfwiMiVr tciUfies, by o hers Ai-{'rmn, Ills on the Eall (ije of the RiviT I'l,;"/ to- wards Pf .','.1. 100 Miles broid in the inidJle Part, liiitnot halt that breadth in the South, cxienu.: ^ in length from the 35. to the 40, Degree of Latitude; that is, from the Lake H'm on the Frontieis of tur- conttnia in the Norilt, to the Frontieis of ChufJUn a Province of Jfr/M inthe South, the Mountain C" »- nas being its Eaftern Boundary from Pcrjit, and the River Pigrii, the Weftern from Mr/ofot,imiit and Ch.ildxn. It was called Affyri.i from /tfur the Son of Slictn, who firft planted this Country. Cwdijl'--n from the Cwteis, js Travellers vulgarly call them, or as an- ciently they were named C.unluchi and Cmdueni (ac- cording to Xcuophon ) the People that inhabit it. Ar-^rum, perhaps corruptly from AjJ}ii.i, r clfc from the City iir^frum, but this very improbably for that City lies too far out of the limits of this Country to give Name 10 it. Dr. HejUn indeed namesa City Wi^^u'.nf great ftrei'.^'h and repute, feated within this Province, but where, he fays nor, nor do I find it in other Authors. rhe Soil WM reprefemed in ancient Accounts as very fruitful, but ic does not now deferve that Cha- racter, for Travellers find it quite othcrwife. Dr.l^au' wo'f (0 often memioiied, travelled tHro' i'. fjc-m Bog-' </o.* to the confines of Pcrfiu^ and back to Aloiz/ii/, and may therefore 'oe allowed to have knowledge of it, and he calks of nothing but valt Delarts and bairen Plains, except here and there near a Towri, a Jit- t'e cultivated Land may appear. It muft indeed be remcuibred, it was for f;veral Ages a Field of Battle between the Romans and Piirthians firft, and the 7'H»/y and I'rr/ir-.ns lincc, which muft have depo- pulated ii, and where Hands and Induftry are want- ing, the bcft Soils arc barren. As to the People, they are moftly tieftorian Chri- ftinnt^ except the Govcrnment.which is Turkjfl} .- But ifude and ignorant Chrijii/ins God knows, practifing little what that Holy ProfelTion emoins. There arc a Race of Curters that infeit the Roads in Mcfupcta- mia in great Tfoops, and rob th^ Caravans as the wild /liahifni do. The Cities or Towns of chief note here are. Chiif.-^culor ScMirefu'., feated on the River C<i/irM/, which falls into the Ti);r//, 60 Miliy Weftfrom Mou-. Jul, and in the 36 Deg. of Latitude ; 'tis but a fmall City and of ordinary Strudturc, and remarkable on- ly by being the Seat of . a Beglerbeg, who hat JO Sangiatks under his Jurifdidion. The City is cut out of a fleep Rock {iaijijavirnier) fw a quart- er of a League, fo that you muft go Up 10 or 15, Steps to every Houfe ; this is fuppofed to have rifen Out of the Ruins of the ancient Aibeiit, fo fambus in Hiftory for the Battle at (2/in- guaweU near it, which being but a Imali Village, this City waschofen by Hiftorians to give name toi the Battle between .llexnndei and Darius, which wa» thcdecifuc Stroke for the f'e. un Empire ; wherein with the lofs cf but 300 on 1 is fide, Aiexnndcr de-; fe.ited 'nriui and an Army of 100000 Foot ai^ 50000 I'.drfe, killing 90000 on the Spot. ThepleH- &nt i iiiHs of Arbetrt lie jud beyond thiS Town, and a& If rilled by Tdr'cru/er, are: 1 S Leagues in cAepc, watered v,itUfeveral Rivdicts and full of Fruit-trees. On a Hill near it which is covered with the fairef) Oaks, remain the Ruins of a Caflle where they fay Dt'ii'i flaitl while the Battle was fought. H.vpel, feated more to ihi! South upon that Ri' ver named Cor^ui by Ptolemy, is a pretty large Town and the Scat of a Sangiack, but cf forry Sr.udture anJ furroundcd with iMud-Wallj. This is the ac- count Utiiivolf wIto palfed iliio' it gives 11s. and from H J thi$ 'I if. "■ '; ill.' ■ ! .'((■'-i¥i^l htiii w 52 TVRKY m ASIA, this a Conicifture may be m»Jc, of the State of the reft cf thof: Towns wbcrcv Sangiacks red Je, molt of which are but forry Viilages, and many but foiall Caftles only ; and th»reForc if w? mention no mo'c of them, I I'uppofe ' .• Reatfer will not be dif- picafed : But feveral ancient Towns fcaied in this Province will dtfeive notice, as NINITEH. built by Ninwj or by N"wror/, and named in honour of Ninm his Son or Nephew, Itood on the Eatt Bank of the Ti[^>is, ovcragainit where Mouffui now ftands. So inlargcd by its Kings that it became bigger than hnbyica, namely 480 Furlongs or 60 Miles :n cbmpals i th; Wall 100 Foot high, and fo thick as to admit three Chariots to go on it a farcaft, and adorned with 1 1 <;o Towers of loo Foot high, which werefo ftrong as co bethought irnprcR- naTilc ; neither had /trVAca after his three Years Siege taken it, if the River by overflowing had not become its Enemy, and broke down 10 Furlongs of the Wall, thereby tiilAlling an old Prophecy ; and giving the Vidtor entrance. The efTcminatc Sard/i- n/ipahis in the mean time retired into the Palace, and colledinc all his Wealth, which Tradition tells us amounted to 2050c Millions of Pounds Sterling, ftt Fire to the Pile and threw himfclf into it ; an ad of Bravery at laft, which ought to efface his foimer Charaftci of Cowardice. To this City the Prophet 7<"'"»'' was fent to denounce God's Judg- menr, but upon Repentance it was fpat,ed. Deftroy- cd afterwards by Ajlyitjtci, the eighth M.-dian Kint Uoxa Arba:"s, becaufc of its frequent Rebellion: And laid fo low in time, that St.. C/n/ of /j/«;iM.<i(<r, ^ the middle of the fifth Century, in his Conimcn: upon the Prophets, fays the Place where it (tooU wu hardly to be dikerncd. And at this tirrc nothinu of it appears, except a heap of Rubbitli a 1 cjgue 1 - length. On a Hill not far from MotijJ'u!, the I'eopif Ihcw the Monument of !7("i4/t, which is in great Vp. neration, and has a Mofqiie built over it. Sittiicc, a flourilhing City in ancient time?, which gave Name tothc neighboining Country, llooi] upon the Tigrii. Calarh, in the lame Diflrift, one cf iht Citiesbuiltby N'/»«rw/ ; and by Bol;J,^^ ailed ged to hf the llrtlal; whither the Ifraetitei were carried in iheit Captivity, z Kjig- 1 7- 6. H;-h4oth and HJje/tv, twD Cities built by Nimrcd, the latter fupfxslcd to be the L/trijfu, commended by Xctiffhm as a City of grf?; Strength and E.xtcnt, the Walls whereof were i:- Foot in height, and 25 in breadth j and foStron that Cyrm was unable to take the Place, till an hci:, of the Sun frighted the Defendant.s. Lafth, Bctflis featcd in the North limits of this Provin,-c, near the South Shoar of the I.Bke l^r.n, between two Mountains ; is a ftrong Place fubjcd to its own Prince, who it fecms by the a ! vantage of its CalDf feated on a very ftecp Koi k, is able to JefencI him- felf, and rcfufe Subjcdion to '-iihet T; '; or Pofur.. {T4tf I »;>/.) CHAP. VII TURCOMAN I A. the iitrii^r,:: ii Or the Ancient A R M E n i .wM a J o r. TVif^COMAMA has for its Boundaries on the South MeJofotamU or Dia'kecl^ proper j on the North Georpa ; on the Eall Perjid, and on the Well that pan of Strrr- lit, which was the ancient C*ppixdoiit, ftom which it is parted by the River Kuthratei. Its extent is a- bout too Miles ; in Latitude from the }9th. to the 43d. D'greej the Climate Temperate; the Soil much taken up in Mountains, clpccully on ilic Frontiers, but in the Mid-laud Valleys, Fertile and delightful, producing Fruits, Wine, Corn and Pa- fture liberally. The People arc of lliong Bodies and robulV Natures, leafonably Induftriousin Me- chanick Arts as well as Agriculture, nuking Tapi- ftrics and fomc other Stuffs which they vend abroad, but they lie lOiD much out of the way to have iiiucli Traffick at home. Their Lanj'uagc is peculiar to thcmfelves, and ffioken only here, and in .he leffer Armen-s or Capfidoci.t. The prcfent Inhabitants are genenlly Chr(fHani ; but the Government Turliifl-', under the Dominion of the two Bcglerlx'gs of Erzi- rmn and WVn, • the former whereofhas under his Ju- rifdidioD eleven Sangiacks, and the lutrer fourteen •Sangiackii. The ChrinUtiity of this Country is a parcicuhr Sfft, holding no Communion with either Greek or I^oman Churches. They deny Purgatory, Tiaiiful)- ftantiation, Prayers for rhe Dead, and Celibacy of Pricfts. J hey allow but one Nature in 'je!u! Chh; abftain Irom unclean Bealts; Baptize with Fire, thit is, hold the Infant over the Fire, to comply iitteral- ly with rlic hxprelFion of St. 'John Bnpujt ; admit Infants to Oinimunion j Faft on Oirifimnui-.i, ''^i. They have two Patriarchs of their own, one in Turcomniiin, and the other in Ci/i'tiVi, and under them Jo Bilhops, and at lead 150C00 Families. Its Name A mcnin is fuppcfcd to be derived from the Hebrexf Word iram, which was a Name ih.y extended all over thcic Countries and Syiia. I'ure • mnnij, ii apparently from the Turl{t. Briidcs the Rivers Kuphtttei and T);;'^.'. which wc have already told you have their Rife in this Coun- try .; the River Araxes, now called Aiiil]'i\ has it; Fountain here alfo, in the Mount Abos, it runs Ealt- ivard in .1 Serpentine Courfc, and falls into the C/- finn-Se-., in tlif 41 Deg. Lat. after a Courfc ot \- bove •iao Miles, in wliich it i« incrcaled by divcts fmaller PHivcr*, and receives into it the lar,t;c Rivtr Kii', which rifes in Cteor^itt. Mountain', rVKCOMA-NlA, S3 A. Mountains, here are many, the rnoft: confiderable are the Mr'chici, in ihi: Northern limits bending Weftward towards <?':f;',i</'x;rf. N.'piMtes out of which the Eiipliritn fl.-iws. The Moti/es GordUni fuppofcd by fome to be the Mount -Irar.-.r where Ni<ih'» Ark refted. The A4ouiitain which the Armcnims alledged to lie Mount /Irnrat, Mr. Tj< f^n/.-r cells us begins a- bout i Miles from N.ick/iv.vi, a Town in the Ea/l Borders of Armenie, and rifes to a much g-cater hcighth than the other Mountain*, fo as to be feen at five days Journey diftancc, called by the Inhabi- tants Mtjjoufal,!. e. TheM^tirtr.iin cf fl>.- ,4>/;,to which they pay a profonrd Veneration, anj preteild to (liew lomc parr of the Ark (till remaining. PniicJnis now dnfiicr, a Mountain towards the Frontiers of (Jccrgii-.^ a part of which bears the name of Abes, whence flows the Arnxct as already faid. And finally in the fo'.'.th limits fome Branches of Mount T(7u>f/.', divide <4'>ni-"> from MefofiUamia. The Hiftory of this Country in (hort fcems to be thus, H«/or c. ji/the Son of -ham, and Mrfech the Smofjaphcf, were the lirft Planters ; grown popu- lous, it fcon became a Kingdom, and continued for many Ages. In Hiftory v.'e find that Tigrr.nes their King, extended hisDoinininns on every fide. Media, SyU, and Pranicia being fubjciScd to him, but with the Defeat ot Tigranes liy l.ticuilus in the Mitbritia- tuk. War, the /iinitniam were again dri\ en home, and T/i;/iiw.''s Kingdom reftrained to A menin-iniijor. Mi.rt-Aiuc.ny rriok Atavitjiia King of ."/i/TicniVi Fri- foner, and fui: him in Golden Fetters to R^fmc. Trdjitii reduced Arm'nl.t into a Province : But it recover, d its I,ibert> , and was governed by its own Kiiij:s lo Ccnjtti-iii.r's time and afterwards, but Feudatorif. to the Enpeiors till A. D. 687. that the iVvJ^'/;.' invaded rind Uibdi-cJ it. Thofe held it till the Irrupri'T of the Turh out of Scythi/i, who poffefTcd thenifelvcs of this Province, and gave it tile Name rX Tuicomnn. which happened as feme fay //. O. 7><;. or as orhers W. 844. The lurks employing thtmfelvcs in other Conqiiells, gave the Armcnir.ys oppcrt .nicy of fettinp up Kings of their own, who were agaiii lulducil hy the Tauf.rs, but not extirpated, there (till remaining Armenian Kings, one of whom fuccecdid in the Throne of P<T/M, and made Armenia a Province of that Em- pire, A-O. 1471. But it was Conauer'd at laf\ by the Sultan Siiimns I, Anno 1^1)- and ever fincc fiib- jeiitto the Twh, except the Eailern Part, which the ftrjUi' ftill holds. Having fpcken of the Rife of the ^iir/!:{in Empire in Aribin^ we will here give the Reader the fame (hort view of the Rife of the Turk'fh Power- To omit the many fabulous Stories about the ori- gine of the TV[{}^SU Nation.'tis fufficient to lay that the heft coiijciilure is, that they were of Scjthiin ex- tiaflion 1 and the Inhabitants of the Country lying between Mount Ca/.r.i/uj and the Pnlut \1.totii, along the Banks of the Rivet D n or Idmiis, fprcading in the Snniiitiiii-Afinticit, to the Banks of the Cajpinn- St/i. Which Ai:count agrees with Piinjf and Pomp. Mela, who both mention 4 Nation in thcfe Parts called Titrc they were in nature like the Scythian Nm/iJei, A roVicg Generation that lived in Tents up- on Hunting, .ind changed their Quarters as their in- clinations led thein Why ihcy came more South- ward is unknown, but lis related by .Authors, that about the middle of the eighth Century , they made an inroad into Georgia, where they TOoimittcd Plunder and Ravage and retired. A- bout jtnn. Dorm. 844 (as »JJ Authors agieej they brake in again and penetrated as, fax as Armtnin- major, where they fixed and lived in their old poor manner, an obfcure Nation, till a Jictle after the Year 1000. when the Pufinn Sultan being prcffed in his War.? againft the Indum on one iide, and the Caliph of Ur.bfhn on the other, invited the Twk,' intohis Service. Three Thoiifand of them under the Command of JWn^ro/i'^i.x accordingly m.i.r<.hed tn his afliftance, and overcame hi& Enemy : but the Sultan ungratefully refufed to pay and difmifs them, with which difgufted they retired into a WiJderncfs, theit paffage Home being Ihut up by the Perjmns. From thatFaftnefs, they made Excurilons and pilkged the neighbouring Country ; wherefora the Su'tan fent 20000 Men againlt them, whom by fiirprize they entirely Defeated, and thereby fo encrcafjd their numbers, that: foon after they encountered t|ie Sultan himfelf at the head of his Atmy near Ifphhai!, and after a terrible Battle, hvhcrcin the Sultan Ma- hornet himfelf was killed, they obtained a iccond Vidtory. Ta>ig>o/ipix hereby afcended the Throne of t'eifi/i, and turning M.«/jo»)fM« was unanimoully acccgpttd their Kihg abotlt A. D. lojo. Thus we fee the Tiitkifh Power already raifed tt)' a liith De- gree, but TtHgrcpilix ftopped not here, for he foon made War upon the Ciliph of BAbilon, flew him and feized his Kingdom. He next attempted the Ccnquefl of Ar.ihia en one fide, and Mfdi/i on the Other, but without fucccfs ; he alfo invaded tlie/f/7n- AJia-, where by the tr cans of the Diffentions at Con- ftnr.iinopte, which left the Provinces ntgleded, his Son Aitnn and Nephew Citthi M ft-s advanced with great fuccefs. The various prr^gri. Is of their Arms, ailu the feveralDefeais they futiered in the Holy-War, is too large a fuhjedl tor us to enter upon here ; 'tis fufficicnt to fay that they polfefled the Government of Perfia till about Anno 1160. when the Td' Mix under Prince Haolm invaded that Kingdom, and with as hafly fuccefs as before the Ti.<j had had, over-ran both Prrlra, Affyria and Al'n-minor, and for that time levelled the Tuti^P: Grandeur. But it pleafed the Divine Providence to permit it to rife again; ■ d in Placeof a Tangropilix, to raife up an Ottoman be a Scourge to the mutinous ''itriflinni. All he fa me time that T/ing<-' iitrix his Pollcrity were chief Sultans, there was another Imall Kitu^dom ot Th(';j in a Part of Pcfm, under a Prince of another Family ; for it fcctns there were two iminenr Fami- lies, namely the S(?/^r' i«it whence /'j ^'clipix came, and the Oy;;i(;n whence Otremnn deli aided. Sol)- man the Grandfather f^i' Ottoman, Sultan of SUchan, for that was his Ti'/e, feeing Cinjiirnei ( the lall of the .^f/i^wccJtfB Family ) arid his < ountry become the Vitftime of the Tartar, had Ir ;■ hopes to cfcape his fury, by any other means .m Ai^hr, accord- ingly he with as many cf his Kindred and Friends as would follow him, retreated firft towards Arme- nia, thence into Crt/'prtf/-ii:M and. s>Mf, and afterwards cndeavourirg to return Home, had the iiusfortune to be drowned in the Euphrates. Ertofy his San the Fatherof O/rom.iw witlihisCarts r.l .iry Equipage, begged of Ins Countryman the "lutian of ieon/j/m, a fmall traiil of I.,jnd 10 relide in ; aiuiatthe fame time gave that Sultan fo feafonable an AifiltaiKe with his tmall Army againU thcT.ir»!r rhenat War with him, that an entire Victory was obtained, and thereby heeffe- tflually I'btained hisFa vour.aod ha j the grant of a piece of Land ; where he fed his Flotk.s, and lived to an old Age, a petty Prince without regard His SooOoc* ' . iif :!| ■- -'''i.Tpl'i »>■'«, I ' •»■<» i. i 54. TVRK^r in AS I J. man prov'd a Man of an enteiprizing Wife and Cou- ragioos Nature, who, from (he taking of foiall Caftks in hit own Neighbourhood whidi he be- gan with, proceeded to the attacking of great Cities ; and in a little time Uice and Piufi, with a large part of Afit-minor, felt the Power of his Sword, and fibmitted to his good Fortune. In Ihort Ottoman tteSitA a newKingdomof the Jur^t' in jifia Minor, which continued to encreafe with large Additions, till in the End Cotifiantinotle became the Seat of their Empire, ai we have eltewherc (hewn. This (hort view is fufficieni to give the Reader a ge- neral Idea, of this Rife of the great Monarchy, which wai all we Pron\ifed him, the particulars of every Adion tying not the purpofe ot this Work, But to proceed, The Chief Ci TurctmtniM, are , . _ (Er^etum, J (Irvan, uiesol }n/anoiytin,> <^Nacl(JI% Br:{eruni, feated on the Eufhratei near its Spring head, in the North limits towards Georgia, Latit. 41 Deg. a noted Town with a Caftle arid Snburbs, ia the Capital of Tmiomania, and the Scat of a fieg- lerbcg. The Town is not very large, and the Build- ings of Timber, but the Caftle is built of Stone and very flrong. It (lands at the end of a fpacious Plain, which prmluces good Wheat and Barlev, but-^o Vines ; on the North and Eaft, lie Ridges of Moun- tains, from whence a bleak Air falling upon the Town, makes it cftcem'd a cold Place ; it is a thorowfare for the Eaflern Caravans, and a Maga- zine for the Turkifl} Wars in Pcrfia. (Sit john Char- din.) The Rivet I Euphrates has its Spring in the Mountain Aphrat or Mingol, fix Houn journey from Er:{erum. (GemcBi.) U'f.n or Van, a large Town with a Caftle feated on the fide of a Lake to which it givesName.near the Frontiers of Diarbtek, in the 40 Degree of Latitude, the Seat of a Beglcrbeg and a populous Place. T/i- veinier palTed thro' it in the Year 1664. and tells us it was i great City^ having in it a Arong Calilc built on a Mountain, which was ineffectually be- fteged by the Prr/Ion; in 1636. it ia always wellGar- rifoned, ai being an important Frontier. The Lake oT Ko* is of large extent being re- ckoned 50 Miles in corapaft, and is Navigated by linall Ships,which makes r4<^i«i a Village.feated on the South fide by reafon of itsHarbour a reinarkablePlace. Kart, feated 1 00 Miles Norih-Eaft from Er:{eriim, within the limits of Georgia ; but being Aibjeifl to the Tu>(^ whereas Gfor^M in general isfubjedl to the Petfian, we (hall confidcr it here. It is a large Town and very ftrongly rortified, abounding with allNeceflaiiesof Life, yet not very populous, altjio' the Grand-Seignior has often endeavoured to draw People 10 it ; tis (tie Seat of a Beglerbeg, who has (ix Sangiacks under his Jiirifdidlion, Its two Walls are of Earth with l\nall Towers, two Gates, and as inany Bridges on the fide of the River and Suburb. the Fort which ftands on a Rock is inacccfliblo, there is a good Garrifon in it, arid 40 Horfe go out night- ly to fcour the Country. The Houfes by reafon 01 thetbinnefsof Inhabttahis are mean and like Ucu^ of Timber and Earth. (Gemelli.) IvanoxErivan, a large City, but ill built anil duty, furnifticd with Gardens, which rake up the greateft part of the GtounJ ; is feated in a pl.ntu ful Champion Country, furrownded by Mountains : on the Eaftcrn Frontiers of 'tnrccmania in 41. D.' 15 M. Lat. Two Rivers pafs by It, namrly the 3^ftig$i$ on the North-weft, and the 'i^erhuhct^ on the Souih-weft. The Houfes and Walls are of Earth, the Suburbs better inhabited than the Cicy,i|,e Merchants, Artificers, and Anneman Ch'^ftiurisliw,-^ in them, in the City and Suburbs arc divers C'« i}/„„. Churches, one whereof is Epifcopal or Patriarchal, and the City is a great Market for Silk. On ih; North fide of it at a Miles diftancc, ftands upon the fido of a craggy Rock a ftrong Foitrefs, which isfui rounded with three Walls, and eftccmed imprcgna- bly lUong. Ihis Fort is large, beirg four MiJc^ round, and contains 800 Houks, wherein nonr b,it Natural Peijiaiis are allowed to inhabit ; for iliij City is fubjeijt to the King of Pcrjiri. In.tn was of- ten taken and retaken by the Tu'k.s and I'rjiin:, till finally in the Year lijj. it was united to Pe/.'; ( Taveruiet and CLartliti.) Near I'van is a notable Monadry dcfcrlbid [y Sir Join Chardin, called V.cs-miasim, built by the Ar- menian Chrijliam in Memory of tne Defccnt oiChift^ who they pretend, came down hither from Heavci:, to vilit St. Gregory their Patron Saint ; this Place is held in great Honour by them, and is a fair Church built over the Place St. G^e^or;' ftood when fo viliicJ, furrounded with a large Quadrangle, wherein ,irc the Cells of the Monks. The Atmenian Pjttiarch refides at hvan or fometimes at this Monaftry. Nackjivan, fubjcdl alfo to the Pcrfian, ftands :i Leagues South from Ivan; it is a vciy large but ruinous City, containing (when Sit John Cimr.ln was there Anno 1671.) iooo Houfes, but daily rp- creafing, having had as tne Pnfi.ms reported, no lels than 40000 Houfes in it, together with a large Caftle and divers Forts, which at that time weic alio in Ruiiu, the City having at fevcral iiiics been ini- ferably haralTed by the Tml<i and Prfimi. This may be the Naxtiana of Ptolemy, or probably the /»■- laxata, built by the direftion of HaniLa! bv Wrj.vr', one of the Kings of Armenia, and memorable in the Upman Hiftory for the Battle between Lucullm ai J Miihridalet ; for Tacitus places that City near ihc River Araxes, and this ftands but 7 Leagues fioin it, fays Sir John Chat din. Nacljivan fignifics iht Station of a Ship, whence the y4>mrai<iMj fay it was built by Noah altbon as he came out of the Ark, and fo named in memory of it.. Other Towns here are, but none fo confidcrablc as to deferve particular Defcription ; we Ihall ihen- fore here clofe our Account of the Tu'k'f" Domi- nions in /ijiit. GEORGIA 55 GEORGIA, MENGRELI A, CIRCASSI A W COMANI A. HAving Trav filed thro' all the '/Iftntick, Turkey ; we Ihall now before ne enter Pfi-yj/t, take a view of the Country lying between the Euxitu and the Cuf- l.ii'i: A Land whofe natural Fertility would tender it happy, if the Induftry of the Natives were nrt wantini; : But altho' Chriliir.nin be profeired a- Miong thtni, the Men arc of fo rude and vicious a Nature, that tliey neither by Ingenuity and Labour perform any Mtchanirk Works, nor cultivate the Soil 10 as to produce any quantities of their Native Commodities, whereby to invite Strangers thither for Trade ; nor indeed is it quite fafc for a Stranger 10 Travel among them, which Sir John Charditi's rc- liilon of the Perils he underwent, notwithAanding he was proteded by the King of Pcrfia's Pafs, give Bitoo plain a Proof of. The Chief Traffick of the Country is in Boys and Girls, a barbarous Trade ! yet fuch an one as is ge- nerally pradifed here, efpecially in Mengretix ; the Piremsftll their Children,the Matters their Servants, the Ijords their Tenants, and in ftiort every Man fells e»fry Man they have or can obtain Power over, to the Ttirkj and Pcrfmns ; who make ufc of them in their Armies and Seraglio's, as Slaves, Mutes, Emiithf, Soldiers or Statefincn, as the Capacities of (heir Petfens, or the Favoursof their Mafters recom- mend them : But more of this hereafter. By this fel- ling off their People, the Land is thin of Inhabitants, fa you are not to expc£t maiiy or gteat Cities here; irtnt ate fiwken of by Travellers, we (hall give you in Account of, in palTtng thio' thefe Four Countries j which lie thus. dEOH^GIA, wherein the two petty Kingdoms of C»r<iutti« and Ggguttia are contjprehended, lies on the North of Turcnrndnin • between the Ctuctjan Mountains on the North, and the Monies Mofcbifi oftthe South, Meny^i-eht on'&ic WefV, and the Cnf- frttt-Seit on the Eaft. The Country is Moancainoifi ind Woody, which has protwfted it from abfoJutc Conqucft, The Soil produces neceflaries for Life, and Wino in good plenty. Sit John Chariiin fpeaJcs ibos, Gro'girt IS as ferule a Land as can be feen, iHf Bread is good as in any Part of the World, the Hmia are excellent and of divers forts, no Place in Rmi^e yields better Vean and Appto, nor rvi Place id 'Wc better Pomgranates ; there are alfo abun- dirttc of Cattle, Venifon and wild Fowl of all fort* ; •nd the River Kjir is well hlled with Fifli ; the Wine i^ fo rich thatthe King of Fwyj^, has always of it for his own drinking; Sills alfo is here produced, but "ot half what Travellers report. The Inhabitants •re Kobiift, Valiant, Merry, great lovers of Wine, "nl teputej very Trufty and Loyal, of good Natu- ral Parts, but for want of Education very Vicious. The Women are generally very Fair and Comely, and fuch is their Beauty that it recommends them to the Court of the King of Perfia, whofe faireft: SultanelTcs are Georgian Women. Nattue has over- fpread the Woaien with Graces, no where elfe to be teen ; 'tis iinpodibie to fee them and not love them : ihey are of full Stature, clean Limbs, fmall Waftes, Fair and very proportionate. (Chardin) Georgia is go- verned by itsown Princes, fubordinate to the King of PerjU, and are of the Mahometan Religion, altho' the Subjefts are generally Chriftiam of the Greek. Church. 1 he prefent Georgia, or Gurgieii, and Ourgijlan, was the ancient Iberia, whofe Inhabitants arc noted in Hiftory for their Valour ; fo called from thi- River Ibtrus, which runs thro' it. The Name Geor- gia, is Aippofcd to be derived from St. George the Martyr, who is their tutelar Saint. It is divided as we have faid, into two Im^ll Kingdoms, of Carthuel or Carduelia, the Wcftcrn Pan, whofe chief Towns are TfJ/fi/, Gor),Suram ; and C.i<« or Gdgui(i«, the Eaftern part, chief Town Zagan. Tefflis or Tephlii, called Cr.U by the Perfians, the Capital of all thefe Countries, lips in the Lat. 44. Long. 66. near the Confluence of the River iheruj, with the Cyrus or Kjo; \6o Miles Weft from the Coafls cf the Cafpian-Sea, 150 Mdes from the F.uxine-Sca, and 240 .North-call from Er^^emm. The Ptrfitn Maps fays Sir "John Chardin, lay it down in Lat. 43. ;. Long. S3, but the Longitude being cor- rected in OMt M'^P^ as we told you at thebcginnir^, we may be allowed to adhcrcxo it, and fay Tfjjiis lies in Long. 66. Sir John Chardin glvcj us this dc- Icription of it ( This City is one of thchDcftof Pei- fia, (for he reckoits it, part of that Bmpiti') altho' it be not very large. It is iVf ^ct! at the bottom of a Mountain, whofe Foot on the Baft iide, is walhed by tlje River K.ur, which River fprings in the Mpun- taiits of Getrgfi, and falls into the /iraxus. If is fiu- roundcd with geod Walls, e^cccpt on thelvivcr Cde where the Ground is firm Rock ; on the South tide on the declivity of the Mountain ftands a large Ca- ftle, wherein patural Perfmns oply are permitted to inhabit, and to fuch it is an Afiliim or Refuge foi- all Criminals ^ $liis CaAlc^ lies uppn the Road to Petjia, and.tbei;cforcthc Prince of Gro/W/i, when he receives Lettetif or Prefenis from tb^t King, being obliged to go out oi" the Town to meet them, paUcs thro It, but fcldom without Terror, lead fomc pri- vate O/dw bic fcitt to the Governor lo feizc hiir.' The City is very Populous, a Place of gicat Trade, and one ihall no wburc Ice fo many Strangers of dirt'crent Nations ; the Ctmit of the (Vcoi^utu Pfinci.', who IS but Vice-roy to the King of (Vi/m, is Nume- rous 5, ,■ '■;) i% ij-i- *l kffiil •m ■*< . 5^ MENGRELIA. roiis and Mafinificcnt, being attended by many Gen- tlemen of DiftindVion, he is a Mnhomet.in by Profef- linn, (but a Chiftian in his Heart) which he muft adjure to obtain the Dignity. His Palace is a fuinp- cuous Building, adorned with large State Rooms and fine Gardens, a large Volary with variety of Birds of Strange kinds, and the Hncft Falconry that can be fccn ; before the Palice is a llrge Sqiiare, wuh Sta- bling for looo Hone; and beyond it there is a lung Bazar or Exchange with vacibty of Shops, which opens againll the Palace-gate, and affords a very handfome profpcift. There are no Icfs than \\Cm-ijlinn Churches in Tcffis, and not one Mofque, except in the Caftle one has been lately built, the Inhabitants having always oppofcd in Tumults the building any in the City; the Cathedral is large and built of Stone, Ancient but in good Repair; us form is a Crofs, with a large Dome in the middle. The Bilhop's or Tihf trie's ( for fo he it called) Houfc aiTjoins to the Church ; of the other Chnrche«, Six ;iie held by the (.ieorf^ians, and the reft by the Anne- yilws ; the /<^ («/in-Catholiclt Miiiionarics have cn- vicavoured to crcift a Church here, but have fo^nd but litilc encouragement ; the ArmcnUns have alfo ;\ Biftiop here, who rcfidcs in a Monaftry called fWl ■t-~:ii.c. The Publick Buildings are fine and I'Uilr of Stone, as arc the B.»^i'/ or Markets, and and the Cjravr.nlfr,t'<i or Publick Inns. There are Hot-Baths in the Caftic : And roundabout the Town many Houfesof Pleafure and Gardens. (•(" V, is a fmall City, lituate in a Plain between t wo Mountains, on the Banks of the River Kji>' at the foot of an Eminence, upon the top whereof ftands a Caftic, which is guarded by natural Per- fi.uii. It was built about 80 Years ago, by I{uJ}an Can General of the Perfitn Armies, aiidis Uarrifon'd with loo Soldiers. The Town tho' fmall is inha- bited by rich Merchants, and well fupplied wiUi all NecffTaries Tor Life. Swmn, is a Town fmaller than G07, but the Ca- ftle which ftands near it, is large and well built, and has alfo 1 00 Men in Garnfon. ^igin, the Capital of the Principality of Cakft or Gr.giientii:, ftands upon the River /0"'» about 80 Miles South from Tcffis, a Place which is marked in the Maps, and named by Geographers as a Place of note, and yet I find not any particulars of it in Travellers or Authors. Sir Jtlm CharHin mentions a Village named S(ig.tn-lau (ituate upon the Kjir, but a fmall days Journey from 'Teffiis ; but this docs not agree cither in Situation or Defcription with the ■^J/i^rtwwc look for. The fame Gentleman mentions feveral Towns in his Paflage from TfJ//i/ to Inm, amon^ which Cupikenc, notable for a ftately Bridge over a River named Talmdi. Metikfut or Royal Vil- lage. And Dilyjiin, a Village of 300 Houles near the Frontiers of Armeniti. Ctchtt, by fome reckoned the Capital of that Country, is notable for a fair Church dedicated to St. Ctorgr. h muft be noted that the ancient Altanin, Ir.y where istheprefem(."in^M"ifi(i, but extended farther into the Province of I'erfm, now called Scirvnn to the Banks of the Cajpim-irn. MENG I^ELIA, together with Imeritiit, Gau- ri/i and Samfea, all formerly fubjeft to one Monarch, form a Country of larger extent than Georgia, but by Travellers is rtckoneu into that Country, and the general Name of Georgia given ;o the whole. Uuria, Goiirj, otCuriel, is the South Part lying ot: the Coaft of the Bladi-Sct, and extending wuhm Land about 80 Miles. Samfea, another fmall Province, if not rather a Part of Giiriel, lies on the back of it on the Eaft extending to the Mountains which p«rt ir from C.eoiji^ia. It is fubjeiit to its own Priii.e, a Tribu- tary to the Tuut, biniurinit no City or Town of nntc, as Archang. Lnmlertui a Traveller in this Country tells us. it was formerly part ot the lelict Ai nunin. Imeiitia, lies on the North of boththcfe, between Merigrclia on the North-weft, and ''j rjj/a on the Eafl, extending to the MagnituJc cf be h the lalt named Provi^iccs. Mengreli/i, lie; more Nnrilm'ard upon the Noiili and Eaft Coaft jf the BUcl^-Sta, and within Lar)d to the Mountain Cacuiifus. JJeyond thefc ' o the Weft ward on the Coaft of the B/,uli,-Seit, live 4' T.titar Race of Men called the Al/cf.s. Altho' thefeall account themfelves fcperate People, and have each haJ their fcperate Governments, yti One has ufually prevailed, and keeps the others un- der, the King of lmiiit:a was and may (till be eftccmcd chief, but not without paying 1 ributc tu the Tinh. The Governaicnt cannot be very con- ftanr, for both Tar/;/ and Tntini do fre^jucntly in- vade the Land, and the latter nuke horriJ Devafta- tion when they come. MIC !^GH^ELI A, is the ancient Co/Jw, under which Name 'tis memorable for the famous Voyage of the Argtmiiti, whiih Apchdorui and others have celebrated in their excellent Poems, the Foctical Story of the Golden-Fleece and the Dragon is well known - The truth whereof as far as can be collcdted from Hiftory is only thus, In the Infant Age of Grteee, before the States of Atheni, Sparta, Corinth, £s'r. were rtnowncd in the World, before the Siege of Tfcy, and before the Ifraelitet were governed by Kings, ( for this Expedi- tion is applied to the 1 ith. Year of Gidan) about A.M. 1700. The Realm of Cuif/'oj was renowned for its Plenty, and /Eto the King of it famous for his exceflive Wealth, which excited a fett of young Heroes, that happened to live in Gieice at that time, namely "Jafin, Orpbaui, the two Brothers C.tjhr and Pollux, Telamm and Pelem Sons of yE-ieui, ana Fa- thers of Ajax and Achilles, l. in tei the Father of Wr/- j'es, Amphiarui the Southfayer, Hircuht, ThejcwuA othen, to (hew their Bravery in an Expedition to this famous Country, not with pretence of Con- queft, for their Number was too fmall, nor without pretence of Gain ; and confequcntly upon no odiet Pretence but Plunder, but foft, leaft fome Pedantick admirer of Antiquity hear. They embarked in i Ship named Arto, whence the Adventurers arc called Arronauti, anu paifingthro' the HeUeJpont, Pnttntii, and Thracian-Bojphorm , valiantly launched out into the Euxini-Sea, and arrived • at latt at King Aitet Court, where they were kindly entertained ; bis Wealth, which is the Golden-Fleece fo much talked of, they eyed with covetous defire of'' iff ing ; but the Guards, which is the Dru^^n, wtte too watchful to be furprized. But what their Va- lour could not cifc£l, Love performed ; for Mcdu the Davghter of Jites, charmed with the handfome mien Of Jajon became his Viiftim, and fur Ins laKe fell into their meafures, and by het Art circunivcm- ed the Guards, aod brought ctf the Wealth ; with whicb MEKIGRELIJ 57 which returning imoGretce, gavetlie Poets occaflon of drcfling up that fine Story. Forth..- '.lESENT STATE of this Country, we cannot In tter inform the Reader, than from the Ac- count of Sir iohti Chnrdin, who «va» the laft Traveller that way •• He paffed quite thro' it, and being a Gen- iltman of Integrity, an Abftraft of him will nndoubt- tdly be acceptable. The COLCHIDE called Odlfchc by the Orientals, liesat the End of the Blacl(.Sea, bounded on the Eaft b) a Imall Kingdom, called Imtritia jonthe South by the hiack-Sca j on the Weft by the Abcai ; and on the North by Mount Ctiucafus ; the River Corax or Cuiu'/on the Weft fcpetates it from the Abcns, [a Nation of rude People fo called ] and the River Vimjui or Hjcne on the Eaft and South, divide* it fiDtn hieiitia and Gan'icl. Its length is no Mile?, jikI the brea'lth 60. Formerly it was well de- fciiJcJ from tlu' Alc-.r, by a Wall of 60 Miles in knstli.bvit that is long Cncc dcflroyed,an<l the Forcfts arc at prefeiit its beft Defences. The Inhabitants of that part of Mount Cauca/ui which bounds upon C'.Vn/, are the Wmwc/, the Sunnes, the Gigites, and ihe CiiHiioki or Cnrn-ddl^:^ People more barba- rous than their Names. Thefe Ca^acherkj, that is td fay ti^ack. Citc.ifji.iits, are the Southern ChenJJi/ini, tthoaliho' thus termed bv the I'u'kj, are nevertnelefs as fair Piople as any ; and were formerly Chrljliant, vihich appears by fuinc things in their Behaviours, arJfomeCeremcnits which they ufe, but at prefent they are without Religion. '1 hey live by Rapine, go almolt quite naked, know nothing of I iberal Arts, and have almolt nothing Humane but Speech. The Ancient Kingdom of Coklm was of larger extent, reaching from the Frontiers of Iberia Weft- ward, to the Palui Mxotis. The chief City of the fame name, to which the Argonauts fail'd, ftood at the mouth of the River Phnfii, where ( fay fomc Modern Geographers,) ftands a City nam'd Fafo in itsl'iacc; but this, fays my Author, I can aflure is falle. The Soil is unequal. Hills, Mountains, Valleys anJPlains, o criun with Woods, and but here and thtr; cultivated. The natural Produce is but fmall forwiintof Till.igc, nd tho' there are all the kinds of Fruits that arc found in r.'ipl.iiid 1 yet grow- ing wild they have little Tafte and breed Oifcafcs. The Vine alone yields its Fruit to Perfection, al- tho' it be left to uat it fe.f round the Bodies of Trfcs ; and did the People underftand the true Art of miking Wine, that of this Country would l>e the btll in the World ; for as it is, with their rude or- deiing, 'tis plealant to the Talte, good in the Sto- iracli. ami of a Itroiig Body. Mevy/flia abounds with Water, many Rivers falls down fiom Mount CiMjiu, and paMing thro' the Cruntry, empty L'ltQ the Bkil(.Sea ; the chief of which are the Corax or CiiJeuii, the Socnn which is the Trjan of Avian, and the7i, 'r,,/, of Ptolemy, the Lan^ur called AJhlpU by the h icknrs, the K^ctmhet or i'.obo, and the Rjone or P/'.i//,;, .vhich rcicivcs in its Courfc the Abufeia or C:.w:ui, and the Sl^l'inif■.l>i or Hyppui. Ihcfe render the Ground damp, which receives the Grain thrown loofcly upon it into root imme- li'stely. Riir for their f.'"" a fort of Pulle of much "ewith rhfm, thoy make holds in the Ground and Plant It . of this Can they make a Pafte, which is uled fbr Bread among the common Pcoi'l? : Wheat ini Barley, and .'^nir Rice grows here but in fmali ■liistiiitics, at'.d is only ufcd by the better fort. They have Beeves and Hogs m plenty, ui'd Boars. Stags, and otbLr Venifon excellently good, as alfu Patridge Pheafant, Quails, and other wild Fowl in Plenty ; they have alfo Falcons, and even Eagles and Pelicans tome hither from Mount Cacattjm ; whence alfo they are fumetimcs vifitcd by I. ions, Leopards, Tygres, Wolves^ and Jaccalls. Here arc Horles pretty good and in great number, every body has them, for they coO nothing the keeping; asfoon as they alighr, they unbridle and turn him ioofe to Graze. There are no Cities nor Tewns in Mengrelia, two Villages only on the Sea-Coaft, but otherwhere, the Houles are difpcrfed in two's and three's together ac every' Mile's dillance. There are 9 or 1 o Caftles, the Principal named i^«", wherein the Prince of Mingre- lia retires, has Stone- walls, burfbiry ones, andeafie to be deftroyed. fhc other Caftlesare but enclofures of Trees laid a crofs, and filled up with Earth and iitones. The Houles are built of Timber, poor, in- commodious, andverynady; the ordinary People's of one Story only, without Chimney or Window, the Fire is made on the Ground in the middle of the Houfc, and the Light comes in at the Door ; and the better fort have but one upper Floor. The People are very handfomc, the Men general- ly well made, and the Women very beautiful. The People of Quality are very graceful, wear the Perfmn Habit, and appear with naajcftick Air and good Shape. The Women have fuch engaging looks that they command affeiStion, they have Wit and good Addrefs, but in their Heart are Pioud, Cruel, Per- fidious, Impudent, and in general Pradice all the Tricks, Cheats and Coquettties that can be thought on. The Men are yet worfe, for there is no fort of evil that they do not addidt thcmfelves to. Theft is what they are bred up in, 'tis their whole Study and Employ ment,uid what they make their Glory ; Mur- der, Inceft, Whoredom, Adultery and Lying, arc no Vices with them. They Marry their Aunt, Niece, or other Relations, and take two or three Wives if they pleafe, and as many Concubines as they will. The Husbands li^e with great Liberty void of ]ealouGe, anc upon the Fai5t of apparent Adultery, be only levi-.s 'he Imall fine of a Hog up- on the Gallant, which ticy eat togetiier. They maintain the reafonablenefsof this Liberty, becaufc, fay they, it produces the mote Children, which we can fell for Mooy or exchange for Necelfaries : But what is worfe than felling their Children, they have an evil cuftom of Murdering their young ones, and even burying them alive, when they are not able to nouritti them. The Gentlemen have abfolute Power over their Vaflak, extending to Life, Liberty, and Goods, fo that they take their Wives and Children, and fell them at pleafure. Each Peafant furnifhes his Lord with fuch a q»?antity of Grain, Cattle, Wine, (3c. according to his Power ; wherefore Wealth con- fifts in the number of Peafants their Vaflals. The Gentlemen maintain their Rights by the Sword, and fo are always attended and armed ; their Arms are a Lance, a Bow and Arrows, a bVbrcand a HuclUer, fire Armsbeing little ufed among them. Both Gentle and Simple are very nafty, they never have but one Shirt at a time which lafts a Year, and in that time is waflied three or four times, but twite a Week they take it off to kill the Vermin. They Eat fitting upon a Carpet croffed-legg'd as the Pajians, and .he ordinary fort uptin a Bench in that mannet. Th«. i rich ^■Sii ' ^Ijl 111''' ' \k-V 58 IMEklTlA. rich have a few Silver Vcflelj, bui the common ufe is of Wooden ones ; and 'tis the Cuftom here from the King to the Peafatit, for the whole Family lo eat togetlicr at the lame Table. The Mtngte- lio'ii .a.nA their Neighbours are great Drunkards, fii ar ir whole Days, and their Cup Converfation is cliiffly tiken up in bragging of their Thefts, Com- bats, fak of Slaves, and Debaucheries. The Chil- drtn arc bred up in Theft by the Father, and in De- bauchery by the Mother, fo the Vices are made he- reditary. The Inhumanity of the McngrelUns in feekine all opportunities to trap even their bcft Frifrids, and fell tliem into Slavery, is incredible : Thu Trade has fu diminilhcd the number of Inha- bitants, tli.1t of 80C00 that were reckoned here Jo Yt.'»rs ago, there is now not above 10000. 'tis fuppofcd that not lefs than 1 1000 are Yearly fold to the Vint^! and I'cijiani. Belidcs this Cnmraodiiy of Slaves, they export Honey, Wax, Ox.'Hides, Caflor, and Martin-Skins, Flax, Seed, Thrcd, Silk, and Linncn Cloath. Their Dealings confifts chiefly til Barter, for there is very little Money among them, and iiiitwithltanding the opinion of the Ancients, that a golden Sand was walhed from the Mountains, and caught in the Fleeces they fpread for it, neither Silver nor (Jold is now found here. The Prince of Minpelin has a Revenue of about icooo Crowns Per Annum, ariling by the Cuftom of Goods and by Opprcffions. He has a Court of loo Gentlemen at lolemn Occalions, and ordinarily a- bout 120 ; with a Train of 300 Sctvanci and Guards. Ecclefiaftical Hiftory fays, that a Chriftitn Slave converted the King of Colchoi, his Qlieo* and Gran- dees in ihe time of the Emperor Confttnitine the Great, who fcnt thither Prietts and DoiSfcors to Bap- tize and Inrtryit them. Others fay that CA(i/?/(!Ki.'ji wag hrft Prcach'd thereby one Qn/ about A. D. 860. But tho' C/j' ijfiimiry he profelled the People know nothing of its Dodniio, having no Idea of F.-^ith, Eternity, the Refurredion, (yc. Nor are the Priefts capable of inltrudting them, being themfelves per- fedly illiterate and ignorant of the Myfteries of Re- ligion, the bcft of them can only read and fay a Mafs by Heart : Yet are rich and have many Vaffals, whofe Children they fell into Slavery without Scru- ple. The Church is goveni' d by a Cathoticot or Me- tropolitan who is appointed by the Prince, and has DoiTiinion over all Mengrelia, Imtrifn, Gonriel^ Mount Cacaiijus and Abcnffia. He is Rich having 400 Valfils who furniih him with all Neceflarici and other Tributes. Tlure aie (m Suffragan Bilhops, who are alfo Rich and i lad in Scarlet and Velvet, l>'u are fi andaloudy negligent of the Duties of their I JfHcf, feldnm or nevei- viliting their Dioccfles, or corrcdtingthe Manners of thePricfts: The Epifco- pal Churches ire well enough in order, and adorned with many rich Imif;es, the Oblati ms to which is their chief Religion ; but the Parifh Churches arc moft tiafly ; th'ft mo arc full of Images to which the cnminon People pay a molt Servile and Ido- latrous Worlhip. Tluiv SiTvice is aciording to the Cirrrk^ Chutch, bur all the Rites .ire fo 11 "enly p^r- formrd, and the;i Pri'its know fo lirtlc of the I) g- mnti: of Religion, that oni- can hardly lay which Church th''V adhiTC to. Falling and Abltnence fr 111 certani Merits is the chii-f part of their Re- lieion ; their Prayers arc diri'OtcJ to liiuvrs they otfcr Sacrihce up ui tiinToinhs of ihfii Relati"ns, and make Libations c\cry Day before they dr.nk ; they do not folemnizc the Salbith properly, hjrdlj ever abitaitiing from ibcir comiuon work, but at the Ftlfivals of ^br'Jlm/ii and E.ift,-r. In ihoit thty have many extravagant Cufto.us, whi.rcin Ju./.u/n and Paf/.nifnt ztc mui ill their Rcligion.i.'; .' i.ponth< whole hardly defervc the Naii)'- ' vj .jiimi. Thus much for Mingrrlu- GVlilEL with SAMSB/t, refcmhlcs in ail things Mengrelia, the Nature of ihc Soil, the Man. ijcrs of the People, the Rtligion, Ciiltun s, and Vices arc much the fame. IMUl^lTtA, called by the r/itif P'i<U'k<ut or Pocha-kputikXthc, i.e. little Prince, isi2oMiieiin length, and 60 MiK-s in biiadth ; a Country V o.;jy and A/ountaiiioiis like MoiguHn but has more ht Valleys and delicious Plains; as alio lirca'!, Pi lit, and other Viiihials ; Mmiby has its Ccurfc .indis Coined ; the HoulVs are built in Towns, atid a gt- neral Commerce is maintained: But thcManicricf tlie People are ftill iiuich the lame with thofe we have defcribed. To the Commodities of hieii^<elii^ this Country of /we; ;>i<» adds lion, whereof liercatf good Mines. The King of Imeritm had tormeriy Poiriioion over all thefc Countries ; but in the lait Age they revolted, and have ever lincc been at Wais, Thofe that are neareft the Turkj craved his alliftance, and had his Protedlion, but by that means the Gran^ Seignicr made them all Ttibutaries. The King of Iwciitin pays 80 Biys and Girls. The Prince of GunWpays 46 Children. The PrinceofAlf«^<W;« 60000 fathom of Liniicn- Cloath. The Abcai have fometimes paid a Tribute, bts do it not conftantly. The Turl{i arc contented with Tribute rather thj:i take the Country, becaulc the Air is nut vt;y Mhol- fome, Bread fcarce, and the ordinary Food, Suir« flelh with Wine, is what their Law forhiJs Hew- ever he keeps a PacM at y^t' i'V, * l-aftle anj Town in Guriel, and polfelfes totatu the chct Towj and CaAle oilmentia. Ak.il\ike\i{ion the Frontiers of Ceogi.', and oiitlit Mount Cticw/iii, is a ftrong Caftle and a Town c! about 400 Houl'es moftly new, and built (incc tht Turl(j polfeffed it, there being nothing ancient bii: two Armenian Churches ; the I'owii is Peopled w.tb Turl(i, Armenians, Georg.im, Guel^i iivi jnfi. The Houfes are built of Wood, amoiii; which there is a bandfome Caravanferay or Inn. ThcChir^Mi have two Churches here, and the J.*j a S.na- gogue. Thus far I have borrow'd from Sit Jolm Chirlr, and have been more large than elfewhere, that I might give the Reader a true Idea of thole Coun- tries, which is fo much the more necclfary, as tbev differ fo veiy much from the other I'.ins we hai« paffcd thro', and in regard that their e^ il Cullom ol felling Children, makes the Cour.tif; talked of; and eipecially lincc that Cullom gave Rife to aNi- tion. that for fome Ages Bearded i\\clwki, anJfup- preffed their Power in 'f-gyft and luine parts of ■;«; I mean the MA MA l.vk,ES, who were no oihti than the Children bought here and carried lo/fjv" where bred up in Arms and lifted in Bands, ihej Compofed a Bo ly like the Janizaries in I'u'K.' i "' cellcnt in Ser ice, and therefore by the Caliph mw cfteenicd, and their nun ber cncrealeii, till at M growing pro. .dot their Honour, and feulibleot met Power, they rebelled and fkw th' if ^lalker .WWv J<t^, the fivemb Tmk'/I: Caliph of -tJi' fui-l uniejl invading then- Cattle, Sla\cs, I cftliekind we COMJ/V. I can fee but th tutheStiaialits Sm ; a I'coplf andare called A and lly into the Iv relidc there. DAG HE the general na I and f^oven-etl 1 between dei., 'tarb: is tl.e p contains looo I OnthcCoalhj tat, 60 Li'a:',ii land, Hands tl «'hich is tl:c le <*'itlia(;arrif;> Town, the IJu is the belt Ha\ To what Inn Ihnd notafccr Hrivini; olter "fcelLiry to ([•( liirward! W c 1 Account of . miles t|uite tl] ^arioully deiio rcinarka'hlc atic ^"■••'/'j .iriil 'I'.i-ii *K mvw' to rtt.;,| ClhCASSlA, cV. MokwmCAVCASVS. 59 rounclftl liij Son in a CafJc atul luirtit it ; aiij fitulK iifuijwd the Throne. 'J lie HKicry nTtlLit leoplt" JiU'S not belong to this Mhcl-, ui- lli;'.!lhaviiit(.ali('n tunwintion it wtitnwe cmii; to li'tak ot'yKiM^r, to wiiidi wc iffcr it, and ll:a!i mav piotccd. (.i/(,i/j, the chict' City (•ry», • ■;../, whca- the Kin:'.s ofdtorfia former. y iciiJc.l, ImmiI!. iiimn rl c JU\ti /'/(///> in the 44 Dcfv 1 ,k. ti-. ,i lln.i!! Cit) w;ili 11 Caiilc built upcn a l\>'ik .ii tho (out ot rt jNiyliiitaiii, ai Arcliitif^dui y.«i(,//A).;. > uOvliii-s, wlio iKkxIt liiim- Years in thisCcurirv. S.rjiitip li, .Sil'itjt piili.y,i(^'n\ ufC' A//' r.icnlion- ed by I'toUm) and /••//«», and liv its modern name Ipokcn of by Niger and others, nrd Lomnioniy lit down in the Mavs, as a notal'le f^in/'i ■ir.m on the C'oall of the Eixine-Scu, in the Kin/doiii of M<;- pelia; was fwallow'd up by the nverliowinp.s of tlie ya about too Years ago, as the liiine l.Mnbn iu> tells us, and its Kiiins only are now li'en. icNiiral Cities are mentioned in ancient Authors, gslcatcd in rhel'c Countries, but the) nre palled a- w?.y aiid nothing of them remains; wlaiefcre 'tis ncedlefs to name them. The Two other I rovince.^ j n rofed to be fpoke of in this Chapter, LIRCASSIA and COM.-IXIA, lifon tl'.e.Northol jh',-i!xii':lii 'J he former isa\ery lirfc Country, evtendin}; from tie Ki\er Di ii ir Tiimiif, the boundary of .1/ /ni'i, to the (\ifpiji:- Sta; 'ti.s a ] and ot Mrious Soil, bavin;; the hi^h Kiilr,"-' of ''■<■ Mount (:,i!!uif(s for its South boun- dary, and ot!i«T Moui^tains in its North and \\ eft- cm larts: I5ut has p'ealant Na!!e\s and fruitful Mains, wliitli aHord I allure, (battle. Mowers, and Herbai'cin pood plenty ; but no Tviwns or Callles, only Villajj.ej of circular form, with a larj^e fpaie ofCround in the middle, as 'Tni.yiiiir tells us. '1 he Inhabitants vulgarly called Ck-ykes, live by Koblery, invading their Nei^lihours, and carryin.s; ort" their Cattle, Slaves, &i\ and inav in general be reckoned of the kind we (poke of iii Ahii'iri'lia. CO MAN J. 4, altho'anotliername, itforoufht I can fee but the Wellern part of f ,Vi i r;(/;(/, extending; totheStraislus o( (>///,/, and the Uanks of the AVi.t^- &.I ; a People of like Manners with the Circaiji^itts, and are called Kamuiuhs; cmnmit Munderlike them, and lly into the Mountains tor llielter, and common- ly redde there. DAdHliST AN, aProvincecomprehended in the general name of Co;//.////,;, is a niore civ ilized I'art, andf^everred by its own Princes; this Country lies betweea (imgi.r, .Sc/ii i^.iii and tlie (',iJpiiW-S,.2. 'I'jfLi! is ti.e principalCity ; and nsO'iwins tells us, cnntains looo Houles built after the I'f.fLvi manner. On the C'oall of the r'.(//»/./;/-.Vf,/, intiie4; D. 2; m. Lat. 60 Leai'.ues from Ajl,;u,iii by Sea, and 70 by Land, Hands the City Tfiki Cditierent from T'lirkit,') which is the (eat of a 'Titriar Prince, and fumiflicd with aCiarridin of ;coo Men, It is a good large Town, the |}uildinj.;s whereof are all of VVood, and is the belt Haven on the Cifpiiiii-Sfii. (Ole,iriii.<. ) 'Po what Province this Place oui'ht to be affigned, Itind iiot afcertained. Hayin.i; often mentioned Mount CAUCASUS, 'tis nfcellary to I'peak a few wonls of it before we pais liirward. V, e have already told vou in our general Account of A.iii, thar a valt Chain of Mountains imllcs quite thro' tliis Part of the Harth, wliich is \ariiiu(ly denominated in its Icveral Parts, the moll rcmarkiible and iii,i.;he[l Parts are named, C^i;u.iJ/ii, hiniut .ind 1 .iiiriii. 'I'he rirll whicii is tiiat which we ire now to I'jeijk to, lies nearcil to Ivn^p:, between the JU.ick and the Cjfoi.m Scas» witlj Mufuvitin- 'Jaytm-\ on the Nortii,'4rTd Tiirkt, f»V)f /(/, &c. on the South Ir is the hij'Iiell part oPall'this ^rapd Aidr.c, antj' it^S^lnn^et is alw.iNs covered with Sn(<\v. Sir yv/m' (July ill II, who travelled over it j^ivVs us this Account of it. 'Mount Ciudihif is the hif.hcfl and moll ' dniiiult to I a(s tliat I have ever fcen ; it is full of ' Kocks and terrible Hrecipiccr, where with great ' Labour laths aie cut imt of the Kcick for cori- ' \ iMiieme of I a a; t , w hicli is nevertlielel's extream ' difl:cuk thio' the litep declivity. In U inter (at ' which time this Author tiavellej ) the Snow lies ' lonj", and adds much to thc^rdiftloilty and danger ' <4 tlie Pallaf.e ; which the better tgprov ide aj-ainft, ' the ( juides wOw a fi*i if Shoes v»irh Soles as broad ' as a Racket and of that form, which preferves ' them from llippinp; into the Snow, and with which ' tlicy tlit alonK upon its Surf:ue with great Cele» ' rii\, and with a kind oil eel, which they carry in ' theirHands,tiirn alide the Snow, and make a lath ; ' a hi}.'h Wind is at that time very dan^'crous, for ' the drifts ofSnow will cover both Horle and Man ; ' 'J he Natives theieiore fail n()t to make Players ' ti) their Images as they pafsover. '] he Pali age over it is about 56 I'hort Leagues, but inthe way there are divers \ illaj^cs, and plenty ofprovilions ; for the Karth is in general very prolih'ck, even to the top, and yields Corn and Vi'ine, Fruiti, Cattle, and Honey. The Wine is excellent and To exceeding plenty, that near 40 Ciallons are fold for .a Crown. 'J hey liave alfo flore of Poultry, Egg* atid Pullc, and 1 riiit to excefs. Here is alio very good Plenty of Bread, which in AIiHyrt'lia is very fcarce, and the Mountain is almoit covered with Firr-trees. Tho lnh..bitants are CJ;ri/liuin, but fubjedt to the Turk, ofhandfome form, and Letter conditioned than the Aliir^rtliiws: Thus much is lulFicient for Mount Ciiiuiifiif in ^^eneral ; its Branches and Extents, is more dlflicult to be tuld, in regard that as I Paid, a contiin;ed Kidge runs on Haliward^ on which this name is by fomc extended farther, and by others contrai^ted (horter, and therefore we Ihall forbear to Pet bounds to it. l.alily, Before we pals forward to Peyfi.i, we Hiall take the liberty to entertain the Reader with a Ihort Account of the Z^/.vci-.Vi'./, which is omitted hither- to, and cannot hereafter l)C fo regularly brought jn. And we (hall do this the more acceptably we Cu\>- pole, in taking it from Sir John Char Jit fwho diled the whole extent of it. 1 he EUXJNE or BUk-Sea lies direc^t Eaft and Weil, near 200 Leagues in length, and its greatell breadth North and South, from the Bojphoriis or Straight of Cwy/./z/.'/flo/i/i', to the Mouth ofthe River Niepey or Bi.yilH.'eih's, about three Degrees : But the other end of it is not near fo broad. The Water of it is not fo clear,green or fait as that ofthe Ocean, wh;ch may Ix; attributed to the many frelh Rivers which emnty into it, atid its lelf being Ihut up from the ( )cean except at the Bofp/joyus, may not improperly be accounted a Lake, as the Ciijpitin-Si^a by fome is ; it has no Illands upon it ; and the Dominion of k klonf s to the (jrand-^eignior, who takes care to keep it from Pyrntes, and hindprs ail Navigation there, but in his own Ships or Puch as are licenfed by him. it is a fowling Sea, and abundantly fub- jc:t to Tempells, whence 'tis called by the Turks Ciira-Diiiguisy i. e. furious Sea, and in regard that (.,!(.( li'.'.niHcs alio Black, it has obtainfd the Nam? I J ef :.? I'"'|l'!i ^i'<i:% !5ii ::':m 1 ; ',. ■'it'lt'i' ■ i of Black-Sea from Euretedm ; 'tis from thij quality, wliercby the Body of the W ater when moved by the and not from the Colour of the Waters that its name Winds, for want of lh\\»f.c 'orward. rebounds from isdcrivcd The Reafon ofits turbulency mav be from the Shoar, and rowis up m valt Waves, to the in- the narrow Bed ofits Waters without cgrofs, for the conceivable Terror and damage of thole tiat Sail on narrow aperture of the Bojfhortu is next to none, it. I' PERSIA ^- y*'i:'"^it Caspian ak,uu tUtk $£ A Tartary '*:t/Hi t*r -it .^■ ■£jrvij«^a4A|^<^' J?2 ''* rti" Khox M ir s -»/ iTA* '/ "^.■^"It^r ^■'> ■ JSiAifutan J^StfU >Sa.h^^ • ^ ■» »r «i T» »■ c I" i -kT - ^^ ^ IT .■_■ /CMtURJOZS TA W J^om '<T»»L :X.trmunu^ Tnaaltin P A^3 ■Chaiij M^rm ..Juzi '^Ch^ S\l C I S_ JAN .CHiJ/SJi/TAN o :fatrua ,,_1 .. ( J„ . /"^ _X^/Jri . <rA/urAm»ruit ■■•J ,. - »■- O^ ^uaJtl Ab. A. B J?A AHABIAJT S S A. F.R from or 3* whic whol irom Pf/tM an i Mt'tit, wasexal ,,:,clsavc hisna Obtained the n lignitied Hafc Cvrw) to prailtic cjme wonderful ed Ehvn, whii known by to t S^.whofirftt in& Romaniwk Nations do th( Xtrmination, IS the Natives But the Turks Pirfu, as it peat Monarch Jjria. Chald.Ti, whole ^fiit-Mi thereby extend tiers of Itttiia : ed on the We Irom, namely Oialdaa ; whe with the Mour Eaft, thelUvei jui from India the River Oxm South the Per the ArMan-S In which exi Degrees in Lat That is, from North Latitude >0| PERSIA 6i PF, R S I A, iJ fo called fay tlie Cbffickj, from Perfeui theSon of Jupiter and Danae ; or as others, from the Province Perji), whith by Senech(i(che, is extended to the whole, and had ifsmmc fay the Antiquaries irom Pti/t' an illullrio\is Lord, wlio for his great MtTit, was exalted to t'u- ( lovermcnt cftheCountry, ;,;id '^avc his name to i . Or accordin;; to others, it Jbtiined the name fron. the word Paras, which lignitied H.rfiman, hccaufe being commnndcd by CtrKj to practice Horfcinanfhip, the Inhabitants he- camewonderfullr expert in it. In Scripture, 'tis call- ed £to», which was the nnmc this Country was known by to the Ijuhlite^, from Elam the Son of S^, who firft planted it after the Flood. 1 heCiec/; and Romiini ufcd the modern name, and all Eurupcin fJations do the fame, with fome variation in the Ttrmination, and the name Farfijlnti or Pha,Jijlan as the Natives call it, it plainly of the fame Radix : But the T'lirks call it Chix,ilbMli. Pirfu, as it conftituted the fecond of the four great Monarchies of the World, comprehended Af- (m'fl, ChnlH^ra, Mefpatamin, Armenia, and the whole Afid-Mimr, as well as the prefcnt Pi:rjiu, and thereby extended from the Hclltjpmt, to the Fron- tiers of /«(//(! ■• Butinitsprefent'extent, 'tisbound- ed on the Weft with the Countries we laft came from, namely Georgia, Tnnnwaniu, AJJ'yria and Chuldaa; whence the Rivers E'tplrafes ■indTigris, with the Mountains k^f Armenia divide it. On the F.aft, the Kiver InJui and the Mountains divide Per- fii from Iniiia ; on the North the Cafpian-Sea and the River Oxns, divide it from TuriayY, and on the South the Perfian-Gulpi), the (iulph of (hmm and the Arnbian-Sea, are its Boundaries. In which extent it comprehends no lefsthan ly Degrees in Latitude, and 25 Degrees ih Longitude ; fold Crop in the Year. (Dr. Fr}m-. ) They have it Ifpalhiu, lays T^/nrHot, all the kinds of Fruit found inFr.iwrt', but faircrand better, and by reafon of the drymfs of the Air keep the whole Year. 7 he Me- lons of Perjia are incomparable, fays Tai'ernic) , thi'ir IVaihfS larpe, and Apricots delicious ; but tht'ir Apples, I'l'ms, Oranges, firanntej, Pruans, Cherries and Qiiinces, are not I'o good ,ns ours iti Eiirrpi-. 'I'hey have Grapes of? or 10 Hits, and make a rich U hite-wine, but their Ked-wine, except that made at Schiras which is very good, will not keep ; nor have they anv Casks to keep it in, for either they have not the Art of making tli<-ni, or elfe, as they fay, the Drought would makc'em leaky ; and all their Wine is kept in Farthen farrs. They have \cry few Trees but what grow' in their Gardens, and of thole the I'alm is carefully cultivated, and bears excellent Dates, if tha Blollom of .the Male- tiee he inocrulated into the Bud.of t|ie Female, with- out which they fiy the fruij will have no J'uip, and !)C only Stone auil Skin. {Tht^'cuot .) '1 heir Date is fo lufcious a Food, that if eaten in the hut Seafon, it caufes the Body to break out into I'oils and Scabs. The common F^crbs for Sallads, and Roots for Food, flourilh in/Vyjl/, but they have no Pulle: Sparagu.s and Artichokes, before unknown, being brought from Europe by the C.Mniclite F'O'ars, are found to thrive here. (T'avtrifftr) Here arpiPlenty of Al- inonds, andin tlie Provinces of (7; /ri« 3' dTl(/'rfr;y?/w, fome Olives, Oranges, Lemons and Chefnuts. In Perjia^xi: found Mines of Copper, Lead, Iron, whereoffome fo fine as to rife pure Steel. Flere are alfo found 7tti(7Wi)/.( Stones, both of the old.and new Rock according to Gimelli^ but Tavein/i^r fays, ther.e have been none of the old Rock found of lata. In the Gulph of Peyjia, arc (iiany Fifheries for Pearl, efpecially at the Hland Balmreit, where are found the That is, from the syth. to the 40th. Degree qf richeft and faireft in the World. And in' fome of North Latitude, and in the I*i^)rth-wett near 4 De- frees more ; and from the d;d. to the 88th. Degree of Longitude; and its Menfuration from the Fron- tiers ntCeorgia in the North-weft, to the Frontiers of India in the South-well, contains near lyoo Miles in length ; and from the Frontiers ofTartary to the ^ea-Coaft, near 900 Miles in breadth. It is feated under the Fourth, Fiflh and Sixth Climates, whereby the longeft Day in the North Part, is of IJ H. 48 M. and in the South Part 13 H. 48 M. enjoying therefore variety of Air, but except in the very South Part, the hot Wea- ther and cold are of equal duration, and therefore very tolerable. Mr. Tavernier tells us that in Ed- urbaym, if is very cold and very healthy ; In Gilnn and Tabariftan, which he calls Maz-enderan, the Country by reafon of its neighbourhood to the Ca- jpian-Sea is Fenny, and therefore the Air very un- the Provinces are Quaries p.f fine Marble, and fome \'eins oi Lapis Laz,uli , .-ind ibout Gomt/rua the Earth is fit for Porcelain. Many Baths and Mineral Wa- ters, but efpecially a Spriiig .of Naptha arc feen in Ptrjli. Silk is e.vcccding Pfeiity, lyooo Bales being annually exTwttcd, befideij what is wrought up at Home, and it yields a vaft Manufaaure and Traffick to the People : which with fine Carpets (the weavinc whereof IS the bcft and moft curious Manufa(5hire «f the Nation ) Cotton, Pearls, B^- i.f)(ir-Stone, /.(i^/V-/yii.,''// ana fiime other Commodi- ties they tranfport to other Countries, but have not enough of thefe to Ballance Trade, being forc'd to give Monev to t!;e Engli/}} and Dutch, for a great part of the (joods tl)«y want from India and Europe, Of Cattle, the Peifiaus have excellent Horfes, which tho' fmall, are itrong and fleet, Mules, Ca- wholfome; at Ifpahan they have fix Months of very . mels, and two forts ofAHes, namely, thu Perjian for hot, and as many of very cold Weather, wherein the Snows fall very thick, and render the ways un- paflable. The Soil cannot be much praifed, for tho' fome Parts be Fertile and produce excellent Fruits ; other Parts are perfectly Steril, being Mountainous and Sanday ; and withal here are but very few Rivers, fo that they have only Rain and the diflblved Snow to Water the Land, which falling in fmall Rivulets from the Mcjntaini make the Valleys fruitful ; of the Products whereof Travellers give us this Ac- count, namely, that their Corn ripens fo expeditiouf- ly, that in foinc Parts they have frequently a three- Burden, and the Arabian fur Riding, being afti^ and as valuable as Horfes ; and Tavernier mentions Oxen amonp their ferviccable Beafts. Of Wild-Bcafts, here are Lions, Tygcrs, Bears, and wild Boars, which live in the Mountainous- parts and are fcldom feen by Travellers, or known to do much harm, but attbrd a noble Paftime f " the King. There arc alfo Porcupines, Deer of various forts, wild Alfes, Foxes, Hares, &c. The Qunce a fmall Creature of a fpotted Skin, is ofatrioft fierce Nature, and yet as tradable as a Dog, ar.J ufed in hunting, being carried behind a Man on Horfeback • :<■ ''riflf rt*" (I ■■ ' Mlill «i- I." V E li S I A. i\ i Hf'rfi'I'.i.k, :vm\ thro\vti«,i whf.ii tl.o^ .mii ri'iiii,>, will rit(,lMlii\Mi .1 Divi i>r .( wild ( icit. Oftniiu- Mc.iIImIux li.iM' Kino, wliiJi t!u.' fmill aic well I'c'il, Micrp. .ind (•(i,ii> wiiuro •'kin yiclUsa Very bciicricial Maiiufailor) and 'I i.ifl'ik, ai.d tlioir I id> dilititiu^ VimhI. \iid (it KiAvl tlu'v IiaVt'iiKifl (it'tlic r.-rtit'iuiul in f'.ni'pc, as alio C'raiu'Mind ctliti' kind*. 'Itcir lal- fons, Hswkc'S and J incrt't^ aif lAtcl'fiit i!^(.aii.f, for they will ivinflv at a wild I'lcar aiul )t\k out hisF.yes, wliuh rondcts Iiiiii an lalie Victim. I'ojici lias few larpe Kivcrs, Mr. T.iiiynni fivs nunc but tlic /Vt.;\vr, (whitli rilisiii./. wiv//,i, and j'a(lln{; t\\To' .'tititrhiii.iii, tills iniq tlic '■;//•/.';>- .Vivf) Is N*vljT,.ililc ; (hcntlier K;',er5 iH'm'to aie tin- 'T'.ftiii, the BeilJciiiif, till' Ciintii, ailJ liiiic lew others. Mountains here arc minv, hut none very luitnli'c, CVfcpt tJie hif^h Fcalc, whic'Ci U;ijn'. eiivered witli Sulphuf, feems to fjinrkle in the N'i-:,ht like I iic. Of the hiliabitaii^. The Per/i.itif are a I^ople (^f pooiJ'AJdieb and fxcellive)yCi niplimental ; of fuflieient I'mlerliaiulr inp ; addiftcd trt rtillirrffllatimi ; very 'I.u.xurn'us in their Habit and Dfct i and ahtiniinoMy ftuitty U >'enorv and l.ai'civioufiicfs in G tneiliitinn. Aiy] tho' Winehcfiirhid/tlwy wi'l fccretly U' nrui'k,,and tiioy take Opium, jfohiccd , and C.'ciriee to eNeefs. Scip.nicr frAweft'Svtites thus d them, -;•/£. "li.e KtannersofihoPif^jiW.', diHermu(.ii fri hi tiie Tm Lt, for they are Civil," Meek, rcaveabic, ^!o^.!eil, (jrafq- Ail.dcMerA'us. Enemies to Traud, and Lovii:^ <>t' Strangers. 'J hey arc tar t'roin hating ^ '"'/'•••''" -i* the ThvLs do, i)ut arc on the contiary. Courteous and Civil to ij.em. In Compleijiejjjis, their I-.\- jirefficns arc'vcry.Hypc^'bolical,, and. flieir Convei- iationsarc fuHofl'latteTrV, \vhich their h.iturai I'riiie makes tliem f.recdilj' iil'tcn to. 'Jjhcjj ,\vink at hi- iurics, l)iit \fs hut !<>!■ the better opixwtunity offii)! <evt'n};c, which they arc carefiii to execute. Tliey havevt'fyfe\V Diverdon'f. Hay is forbid by the Law, and Dancinp, \Valkirt^>,or Riding they arc too la/y to atlc't. 'J lie only i^anly Divcrllons they tloule, are Hunting and Hawldtig, which tlicKing and No- bility fr'cqucntly excrcilc, but th(,n^ f.hc Huntfnjeii are ientbefoic tocnCojnpafi tlie r{at(^ ami confine the(ja(ne. t>ut they commonly lJH;n(i their time in lohing upon their Sufay (or Coucli,,) liniiaking I'o- hacco, drinking Cottec, and takin}' Opium. 'I hey are wondcrlully Superrtitious, and moll Icrviliiy fubjct't to Adrology, whereby the ProlelVors of that Science h,i\c great Power over them, ^he King him- felf not excepted. Thus far 6'/'wf/!'/. 'I'hey com- monly lulucitc their Children in Literature, and have ;\ca'(temies for tficir lnllru6ion, yet they are penerally too Jaiy lo be very Learned fays Dr. /vi/fi-. Hut Tit'Vimt fays, there arc a great inaivy in Ptrfui, that underftand the Matlicinaticks aiul^ I'hil< fiiphy , and th.e common Pcocdc arc fcncrally curious in Science; but tlieir Ignorance makes their Ciiriofity imperthient, and the nicancfl thing not (t:cn before is a fufficient fubjedt uf much admiration with them. Of their Learning, Oltiniiff the Writer of the .Amball'adores Travels gives us this Account, riZ: The Learned Language of /V//'.i is the ^>,t- hi<in ; Hch-tiu, (Irefk, or huin ticing unknown there. 'l,"hcy have Univerfitics, Collc»e.s, and I'ro- fellors at /J/uiiuw, Anldil, 'T\inis, C.ijv:,n, A'ffw, iiff, and Stiiwiiil.'ii, wherein Youth are [lut to Study : I or tho' the Stionces arc far from k ing in Ieirn;u<ii then, yet the ( .entrj a'ic.t I earning 1 hey imds MiiKi(i)|;hy, Alironoiny,.\iirology,t,jy. ir,etrv,<\rithiiii tii.k, 1 JoijueiKcaiid 1 ottry.otwhidi lall tlu.\ Jfc gieat Lovers. '1 hey iiavc Anftuh m .■1>\il'ui and read him in their Univcrlitioi, but tbti/ KnowicJie Is \ei> lliallow. AUtonoiny they di(if. gaul atul Vciul all that (art of their lludy to Juditui .Mlioloi^y. Anatomy aiidChiiiiiliry iheyaie perfect Stranjcisto, ,iiid conlei|i4.nfl) but ll-ri y 1 hyluiani. And the. I l..iw tunliliing ol ti.e Ircttpts in the,^/. t/»i./<7, and the Muiiitipal Culloiiii, Is a liudy of no larj^e extent. 'J he /'i(_//./w Year is both ,i'(/(,i and J.i(niiy, /jiMUi m i.uhf.iilUiil Matters, a:id,Sl/.jriB I'etular Arlaiis: it leginswith the veinal F.quinci, and conlids of \( s Days. T heir U eck be'pinjuitji' SaiirJiiy, , a; d Fyt.l.i} is the Sabfcatli 'J he p^rf^ J a)gua^.x- partitipatei of the Arnliw, but hu iiu Aliinity witli the TuiLifli. But the7;.T/i(/j ia,,. }.'uat;.e is liuvied as .1 (/entlenian-likcCjiialihcatwn i.cing ficijuently fpokcnat Couit. In I eilon, tl'ie Pirjian' are of low Stature, flrong Liml.'d, Ha^k-nofcd, black Hair, if C)lj\t' c.^ lour'dCt m^lexilll ; ((hyiOhariiu.) iJut acciirdmjj to others, by their .Marriages with the fair (,' , {,,1;, .Women, orthielly by rcafon of the many JurMt (ettled ih.eicin thefe lafl Ages, they are Ix come oi' a faiier Skin '1 hey ol\i>^ Pohs"''!), e\eryMan being allowed four \\ i\e>, few aie without three or two at leali, and tl e richer (ort ten or twelve. ].)ivorcc$ arc very common, and the Women are re married without Scruple : liut it ;s nut Li*fiil for a Man to re many liis Divorc'd Wife, tilllhe have ken firfl Marrieato another and Divurc'd. 'I he juefcnt Inhabitantsarc amixtuicot 'Zji/ijr/, Turkif J(>filiaiis, Baiiiiini, ^itw, and Gams or the " 've PiiJiiWij vvliic Jeail in number; the \\ ar» and Mijjritions, wl:.h ancient Native Pojiam^ wliich lad are iiidc I the at fcvcral times ha '. ha{>pencd, and flii , Country to lb many Mailers of diricrcnt N.;.,on!, having driven out tbc original lnh.ibitants anc. put Straiifjcij in tljcir Places. 'I herr:wlomin:!ntHcligionnfyt'c/!'<3i5th.itofM' ' hunt, but the Mthuuwtim Religion here i); liltlercni from that \n.'lu)ks, and the Schifm k-twi-oii tU 'Tuil-! and /^'iJi/rW/.f is I'o great, that thcv hate one another rjsiijid as they do CLrijU.nh. 'J he Subiect whereof is this, namely, tiptm the l>;uli ^A'Malmtt aswvhavealteady told yoAiin ourAccouiu o(A)\ilii.i, V!'til)ex,vr fucceedcd in the (jovernment , and to him Q)ti,ix, and to him Ojiiuin : all whom fay tl.c Piiiiiiui, were Uliirpers in prejudice to the Kight of ////), the Nephew, Son-in-L<iw, and only laivlul Sutce|lor n\ M,i/<ifiiu-i , which M»/vwasunjiiltlyllain byO.wi')/; and therefore the Pcrfiatts ■yili not coin- iiuinicatc with the 'Jinluy who hold <>/J«/7H to have bci-n the lawful ("aliph. And as they are thus 3t Enmity with the'7/;)ii, they have many Kites and .(Jercmonies diricreiu from jnem, which as it would tetootedioustoctuimcrate, fo neither ifit neccllary in a work oftiiis Nature. Ikit tho' A/f/j«/«e//J« Iw the National Religion, a very large part of the People perr hap.sthc greater moiety ar« of;contrary Faiths; for Coiifcivnce being free in Perjia, the Cirijlinm, Jews, Jiidiuiis, P(^ims, and Gams, cxercilc their own Kc- Jigions pndillurbed; and great numlers of each live here, cfpccially Armenian Chrijlitins. Thelf are not only allowid the txercileof their Religion under their own Archbifliop, and fourSiiflragatiBi- fllo[)s, but are alli) endowed with very conlitlerabic Piivilcijes, on account of tlie |u;ohtable TraUick ..V :... .:,;..;:. . ...i i^ -v. 'l>«y R •PERSIA. <3 thi-y maoige. The MIm B'inniani or Mcrch*ntj, yi Siio numerous, as arc likewifc ilic Jevn. The Giu ' or i-iucbrtiy which are the ancient Ptrjian Race, noted in Antiquity for their Worlhip of Fire, ire chiefl> fcatcd in the Southern Provinces, and Prot'cfs a Religion difiercnt from all others. They believe in one Ebr*lum.:^er.4icucht, as the chief Pro- phet iiiKlcr God, and pay him great Honours, but deleft Idolatry, and profefs their Honour to Fire, is only in memory of a Miraculous Deliv"! ncc of thill Prophet frotn its Flames ; and 'tis for mat rca- fou, that they keep a perpetual Fire, which they call Holy anJ Swear bv. They allow Po!y,';amy, ami exetcife fomc fuoliUi Superjtitioiis, but neither Circumcife nor ablbin from Wine a'ld Swii.i .: FIclh. On the comrary, they Baptize their Cliil- lircn, believe in and pray to the One (Jud of Hea- ven and E;utli, look for the Refurrejltinn of the Dead, and o'ofervc with decent Piety ccrtaui Fctti- vals in memory of their Saints. Gimelli with an over fondncfs to contradidt Tavemier ( from whom we have taken our Account of thefe People,) la^s, thife Gitun profefs themfelves the Dclccndants of Alirtliimy who IS that chief Prophet they Adore ; But in rcfzard they neglcdt Circnmcifion, this is not likely. As to the //i»ie«u«f, their CAii/Z/jniV^ con- lilh too much in Exiernab, I'aiting iselteemed very Meritorious with them, and the Breaih of it on the appointed Days, is imputed as the greatcft Crime. Their Churches arc well adorned and illu>ninated with many Tapers at the times of officiating. In Celcbt.uing the Bucbarifl, they dip the Bread in the Wine, which the Laiety as well as their Fiiclts re- ceive. In Baptifm they immerfe the Infant in Water, ami then anoint it with Oil ; and in their Marriages aiid BuriaU, have many SupcrOitious Rites. The Perfuui Garb is the loofe long Robe of Calico, Silk or fine Cloath, over a Vcft of flecked Calico or Sittin, and a quilted Waftcoat of Cotton, with Draivers CO the Ankle, and Stockings of Cloarh, and neat Twr^^i-Lcather Slippers. All which arc ofdif- feient Colours, and exceeding neat and clean. Their Turban is a Cap with a white Salh, and over it a Dtipt one of various Colours, and fometimes of Gold, which fwells it out very large ; it is worn of what Colours they fancy, as well by Clirijlians as Mnhometani, and oftentimes richly fringed with Gold. The Rings on their Fingers, altho' Tet with the richert Stones, are only of Silver, even to the King himfclf, and none but Women wear tlicm of Gold. The Women never appear but in a thick Vail, which covers every thing of them but their Eyes : but at Home their Face and Brealt are un- coveicd. Their Habit is very rich, hut inform not much unlike the Men's, except that they wear their Hair long and loofe, and a little Hontxt on their Heads, which tifcs high in a Spire, and isn.lilya- dornedwith Jewels, they wear Rings in their Nofes, as well as on their Fingeri, which are let with tim: Diamonds. They fit crofs-ligg'd as the Men do, and lie (as all the Orientals do ) on a Matrefs and Carpet without Sheets, and covered with a quilted Carpet. In their Food the Peifims are much more Luxurious than the Twi^/ ; it confilh of Pi'.m. or boil'd Rice, which is always lerved in, together with a Difli of Filh or Flelh wnh Breath, all which tibey mix together, and eat very copionllyat their tU^ii or Evening Meal. They have alfo Ragou's and Artificial Uilhes, togeiher wnh Plenty of Fruit, whereof they cat to great excefi. Muctoa and Lamb, with Pulletf, Capons. Partri'lpev Phelunt*. and other Fowl ; and their Piljo Hap > "s nml Fruit as abovefaid, is their ordma-y F'l'.l, iviili which they grow very fat, and prid tlieiiif I es much in it. Thus we arc told by '/'■■' ' ' an I Dr. t'ry^r ; but on the contn; y, fomc o-hir 'I r.tvcl- ler» rcprefent them as an abttcmious Pro('Ie. I hey ufc no Knives, but tear the Mear to pieces and fcoop up^ the Rice with their Fiiiper?, nor have Spoons of better material than Wood. Rice is • conftant Food, ferv'd up in all Meffrs, and ufed for Bread, but they have fomc Wheat, and to thofe that dcfire may have Whcaten Bread. The Com- tnon People drink no'hing but Water, but the better fort corrcft it with Oii/chai; and Iharpen it with Vinegar ; and frcqurnrly drink Wine. 'I he tiovernmcnt of Pcrfin is abfolutc Monarchy, thcKini-'s Will is L»w in all Cafes ; hejijgesof the Lives and Fortunes of his SiibjeAs, without re- gard to any other Jufticc qr I tw than his own Plea- furc, and that often leads him to extravagant Seve- nties, which the People fubinit to without the leafl repining. And as this Arbitrary wny of Govern- ment, may be juftly fufpcdcd to create him many private Enemies, the Ruling Prnce always cithet puts to Death, Imprifon' or Blinds, all his M.^lc Re- lations, to prevent their hcadiiij; any Rebrliion. He has a great many Wive?, ot all whom he is fi jea- lous, that 'tis Death for any M.uuo louk upon them ; whercfuic when he Travels, notice is given to all Men t" quit the Road, nay their \ery Houfcs, and retire to a great diltance, which every Body muft do if he values his Life ; this they call "d'n.frt'. And in his Arbitrary way, the Cr.rcuck^or Royal Interdid is often laid upon Vifluals, inf imuch that fo.xerimes for a month together, no Food is to be Ixjught but of the ordinaricfl kinds, the Sellers not daring lo pan with Pnuliry, Vcnifon, and what elfe is men- tioned in the Order, to any Body but the King's Officers. The King is cxcefTivc Rich in Gold, Plate, and pre- cious Stores, which is continually encreafed by the Prefents made to him by the Crn>:s or great L<^th, which they often repeat, efiiecially every New years- day. He has many Lands, uhich he Farms out at the Rent of one Filth, Third or fjuietimes half the Produce. He has the Monopoly of Silk ; large Sub- fidies from the fevcral Conipanies of fradcfmen ; and all Eftatcs confifcated by Dtlnqucncy occiirto the Ctown. Thefe togitliri '.vith many (niallil Taxes, railc his Revenue fo high that all Traiel- leis reprefent him as a very povverful Pri ce ; and therefore Dr. Ilrylin niiilt be imich minakcn,' in liimming his Revenue to no m"rc than four or five Million's of Crowns, which is fir Ihort of what fuch a Prince may be fuppofcd to have. OU.viu$ makes it light Millions of Gold ; but as he men- tioin not the Specie, we are as much in the dark as to the Sdiii ; but if he means Tomrtx', the /V.y/.m L')enomination each of which is fomcwhat above three Pound Sterling, he may be fuppofcd to be nearcll the Truth ; for this Princes c onltant Charge in his Army comes to near one Million of /' m-.TU per Annum. And his Stables arc fo largely fur-iiJhed with fine Horfes, i 500 in number, fome whereof eat out of golden Mangers, fays Utmelli. His Court fo large, bi;$ Equipage fo fiiinptuoi's, his Attendants io numerous, his Gardens fo lurpnzingly large and finijly ac. oinmoilated, his Wives fo many . and in Ihort, his Grandeur in all the parts of Pomp and Expense ' "I'm -u «4 9 E R S I J. 1 Ezpcnce, (o rcmaikable, as all Travellers ftprcfent it cannot be mainuined with a Ufs Revenue ilian the iari;el) we have mentioned. ■^'he Army conlUh of three forti, vi^, i. The Cor/chi who arc defccnded of ancient Turk/, and live ill the Country in Tents, of thcfe about 2;oco are in conftant Service, and ^ncrcafed when occafioii requires, their Pay b 1 1 to i j Tomani per ^'.niim, I. c. about 40 or JO Pound of our Money; tliis is fo confidcrabic a Body of Men, that as Gimelli tells us, the Chans and great Officers are moftly chofen out of thctn, as bring Men of larger Suture and finer Shapes than others. 2. The Goulams, v/ho are Haves or the Sons of fuch, and rhiefly rcnc- gado Gfoij(Utis, tltey arc about 14000 in number at the conflaiit pay ot fix to eight Tomans per Annum, thefe two Orders carry Bows and Arrows, and fervc on Horfrback. j. The '1'ufetik.gi, who are Volun- tiers raifcd in the Villages, but are moftly rencga- do A mcniant, and are about 8000 in nuinber at the fame Pay. Btfulcs all thifc, the King has his Guard of Musketeers the number whereof is at his ownl'ieafurc, but arc commonly zcoo. Thefe may be fcckMied altoRi'ihtr to amount to about 50000 Men, which is the ordinary Guard in time of Peace ; but in the Wars thcf'c '/?4« has had,with the THit,the Tartar, Or the fi'rf j/.M ;^ii.', which are the only Powers that can alVcdl him, he has ordinarily brought into the Field an Army of 150.000 Men, the gtcatift part whereof were well mounted, fur the Pnfiam covet to fcrve on Hor '■>ack. Kote this great Monarch has no Naval Force at all, nor do the Ptifims excr- cifc Navigation, contenting tliemfelvcs to fell their Goods at Chmbron, to the Englif} and Duieli which come thither to fetch them. 1 he firft Kings of the prefent Race aflcfled the Title of Sophy, becaufe Aider the firrt of them bore it But it is now difufcJ, and Schach or Pujcbach, wiiicli iignifies Kin^ or great I ord, is his Title, 'i'lie SucceiFioi) to the Crown is Hereditary in the Male Une, and in cafe of failure of Male Ilfue by bis V'i'":s, the Sons of hisCcnciibines are admitted ; an.' .,)r want of both, the next of Kin to the laft King f jcceeds. The Principal Officers under the King, according to Trrvenor, are The Eatwrd Ix^uirt, or the King's Vice-gerent, like the Grand-Vizir in Twk.}- The icpher Siut or GcneralifTimo, an Officer created only in War time. Th ■ K? oiighi-B/iff/i, or General of the Cufchi. The Co.ii^r- Agitfi, General of the GouUmi. The NnJ.il or Scdie, who is High-Prieft and thief in Spirituals, as the Eattntd Doulet is in Tem- purals ; this is an Office of fo great Dignity and Wealth, that Cfmfij |a\s, hit Revenue amounts to I ^000 Tom^ni per Annum. The Schtick^-flSclom, or the Schcick of the Law, who judges Spiiituals under the Sedie. And tlic Caji who is his Aiiiftant. The N.i{c , or Overfeer of the King's Goods, Furniture, Gfc. The Mehrer, firA Gentleman of the Chamber and Chamberlain, who alwajri attends the Kine in Perfon. The Mi'akrim Bajja, or Matter of the Hotfe. The K.<;.in/uif;[, (ir Principal Secretary of State. The MirM^ir Birjfn, who is chief Huntfman. Tibe IjUili-.i^jji bnffj, Mailer of the Ceremotiie*. I'he Munidiin baffa, chief of the Aftrologers, The Hal^im Bajfa who is the chief Phyfitian. Seignior GimelU adds much to this Lift Iq ihj Names of very many other Officers, but being of lefs Dignity, and only Servants in the King's Family, we omit them. FortheAdminifiration of Juftice, here arc The Diviin'Begh! of Ifphihnn, who is Lord Chief. JulHce, and has a Check over all ihc C/u«j. The Chant are the Governours of Provinces, ot particular Diftrids, whereof Gimelli gi\e8 us a lift of 8i, bolides 37 fmallcr Governments, whofe Co- vcrnou.s bear the Title of Vi^ir. Thefe Cham are confulerable Perfons having great Power and largt Revenues, i/^. 7 or 3ooo Tum/im, as Gn>ie/li tcllj us, evi-r) of them maintains a fmall .4rmy of iol- dicrs for the King's extraordinary Service. The Dfrog.i, fuborJinae to the Utv.n-Bcgli, {^ Judge in fmajl Uiltrii^s, and not unlike our Jultict of the Peace. The Aatai ptrforms the Office of our Conftabk, In every Province and prcat Town, there is j Diven-Beghi or Judge, who is appointed by thi- King : And a Uctoga, who is appointed ly iht Chan. There is alfo in all gteat Towns, an Officer :%]■ led A^f/oH/fr appointed by the King, whofc hiilincii is like the {{.man Tribunes, to defend the I'eiple from Oppreflion of Officers, and to rcprcfcm ihtir caule at Court : He has alfo tlic Care of the King's Revenues. There isalfo in every great Town a Sc/viV(;or Cj/j, to Judge Ecclefiaflical Caufes : Appointed by the Sedie, By all which it will appear, tliat altbo' the King may ad arbitrarily in judging his great Officers and Servants, yet that Juflice is neverthclefs well Admi- niftred among the Subjeds. By the I aw of Prfia, Eftates arc Hcreditar)', not forfeited to the Prince, as in Tui\y and Iniii; the Sons being afligned two Thirds, and the Daugh- ters one Third. But if aC/ii//i.m turn M.(/jtim«ji(, the Eftates of all his Chrij}inn Relations Ihall devolve upon him, in exclufion of their Children : But Chrijliani to evade rhis Law, makeover their FJkatej before their Death, and fettle them in Tnill to whom they pleafc ; Which is winked at and allowd by the Judges. Murder is pup.ilhed by the Friends of the dcccaftd, to whom upon Conviftion the Criminal is delivcrrJ, and by them fomctimes very barbaroully put to Death. Robbery upon the High-way is Punilhcd by verji tormenting Death. Theft is alfo puniflied by Death. And they have this remarkable Remedy to prevent Bnrglary in the Night, that the Watchmen, whereof a competent number is maintained in all Towns, are rcfponfible for any Robbti-y committed during the time of their Watch. Adultery is puniihabie to Death, and may be exe- cuted by the Husband ; he may alfo kill the Adul- terer if ne takes him in the Fad. The M O N E Y's of Pofia as declarcil very par ticularly by Tbevtnot, are of the Species and Values as followi, t//.;. The rooft common Currant Coins, ■re ihc Ahaffi, Mthvmidi, Chan, and Carkefhi. the value of the \b Pence En'i^lijh ; mod certain value Coin. TheMu/w'"'' i' The Chaii or Schi TheC.n%/'», 1SI The other Dei Ihc Pijfler, wh if full weight, i'. I- I'he li'jti., of the 1 he Ucjuelle, wo The 'I'oii.tn, is a 1; is of the value of makes 3/. 61. 8./. c In W E I G H r Inneometrical\ Corns breadth ; t 'J Fi'-ptis ?iakcth And 3 Miles the i (leographers rcckoi 10 a Degree. laltly. The Con ordinary, the Wal Bricki bak(;d in the at top and Terras' J if Marble Column lound an open Flowers, and Plant and beyond it a I Roof rifes in a Ci with Carpets, and Banks tiirniflied wi The Palaces do nt and have the arch'< The Front is comii fore the fineft Strec; fo abundance of W( With which we ftrcnt State of Pei wo the HIST The various R Power of the Nat thcAtilioriS of the liderable enough tr them ; But the Place, and thercfc might perhaps be over, we can onl of it in former Ag for better informa' PERSIA m prchcnJed bel'idcs Potent Nations of ^Mfdiir, wuihc and Armenia, and try where thefe Pi namely Iran, Sci haps too GiUti, r from Madai the S it. The ancient and renowned in i hninn Fjnpirc. PnJU, ftrialy t r<if/[/?.iw, but exte of Tarlary. Siifia of Ham, whofe So the Modern Chufii T E R S 1 J, the value of the Jilitffi is iS Frcncli Sol::; ; that is, r6 I'tnce P.n'^l'Jh ; they arc of the fitidl Silver and moli certain value, and withal the irioll Currant Coin. The Maimtiidl is of the Valine of half an Abnlji. TlicC/'(»'»or Sclwis, IS the Fouiili of an /ibajji. The Ctiikcghi, IS the Tenth Part of a icbaii. The other Denominations aud Speciesare, fhc PUfter, ^vhlch is thirteen Schais, or better if full vjcighf, I. c. aboiit 4^. 6.!. The ll'jli, of the value of 4 i'asheghi!. 'Ibebo.juelle, worth? .'liwij'.'s. Tlie I'cm.ui, is a denomination rather ihan a Coin, I! is of die value of 1 ; i>i ■!>.:> s or 50 dl'njfi's, uhith makes 3/. 6'- 8./. of o'.ir Money In WEIGH T, the A/jh of I;'prfl:in is i x Pounds. InGeometrical Meafurc. The Finger ts lix Barley Cornj breadth ; tliat is three quarters of our Inch. M Fii-fti!. r^aKcthc Cubit. 4000 Cubits the Mile. And 3 Miles the Ftifu>;^ or I'.irr.lnng. TliC Fnjlan (iccgraphers reckon i* Pkirpng, and one Seventh 10 a Degree. Laltlj', The Common BullJiifi of Pcrfm arc very ordinary, the Wall; being of Mud interinixt with Bricks baked in the Sun, and arthed over, but Hat itiop and Terras'd. Tlu Geniy have the addition if Marble Columns, and builu a fort of Piazza, round an open Wrfj, wherein are Fountains, Flowers, and Hants ; on each tide arc finall Rooms, and beyond it a large entertaining Kooni, whofe Roof nfes in a Cupola, and thi: Floor is cover'd with Carpets, and round about are Sofa's or riling Banks liirninied with Quilts and Pillows to lull on. The Palaces do not exceed two Stories in hcighih, and have the arcli'd Roofs adorn'd with Faintings. The Front is commonly Shops for Traden, where- fore the finelf Srree;s in If.tinn fur k^alaces, have al- io alnmdance of well furnilh'd Shops. With which we tiniih our GeiKral Notitu of the prront State of PnlU, \MOthe HISTORY of if, The various Revolutions of this Country, the Power of the Nations it formerly cciiililled of, and the Adions of their fevcral Princes, have been con- liderablc enough to dcfcrve an ample Declaration of them ; But the Subje(ft is too Copioj; for tins Place, and therefore to fitislie our Reader, who might perhaps be offended if wc wholly patted it fivcr, wc can only give a Ihort Uint of the State of it in former Ages, and refer him to the Hilloiians tur better information. PERSIA in the Extent we now fee it, com- prehended beiides many fnialler States, the three Potent Naiions of hirdia, I'rjia and I'ni ihia. ^Wcrfi'ir, was the Wcitcrn Part ad)oii;ing to /IJ}yiU and /Umenij, and may be laid to be tiie lame Cour try where thefe Provinces ire fet down in oui Map,, namely Irm, Scitw/m and AiA^erimjAn : And per- haps too G<7<»/, and part of £'jr;^: DcnomiiuieJ from Mnd-ti the Son of Itflvt, the firft Planter of it- The ancient Inhabitants weic great Warriots, and renowned in Story for their deftroying the B*h- ImUn Empire. Pr<Ji<t, ftrialy taken was the Country now called I't'JiJIjn, but extended Northward to the Fromiers of Ttrury. Stifianit or CbuJUim, from Chiii ihc Son of /y<m, whofe Son Havilah planted it, the fame wiih the Modern ClmfijUn adjoiiKd pn the Well, aud was |)art of Per/?*, as were alfo Carjm.ti.i.i, /In'.:, ar.do- ther Provinces which lay on the EaH . Pirihi.i, was of fnialhr extent, feared in the Midland, and Mi not exceed the the bounds of the Modern ErAcl;. Bcfides thefc three Nations, which arc moft frc- ijucntly mentioned in Hillory, there were divers others, whofe People bore a lliaie in the Wars, an'l other Tranfailions til thefe Pa; t.s ; and thtrelcre it may not be improper to give you a view of tbc an- cient Pcrfia, compated with the MoJcrn in its lull extent, from Cluveii,:s and others. The prefent Pc'Jli contains ihcfe ancient Countries, ri^. Meciir., the liirits whereof we h.ive' already fet forth. It comprehended the Regions of /iirop.tfi.i, CImomiternc, Stt^rianicj, Hft^i^tun, Unritis, Zf.p.ii-o'' tene, Syiomedin; wherein were thefc chief Cities, Echat/tna, Arftciii, Cyrip:liij luirofus. 2. Sujin>i/i, the Modern ChuJ'iftitn as we have faid, comprehended the Countries of Miliii-ne, Cr.b.uamc, Characcuf, Cijfiit, Ct'nlt.ipith, and the (.'.»«/)"/ b:i im ; whereof the chief Cities were Si.jj and T.i'i ii:n.i. 3. i'cfii, or th': prefent F.vjiflnn, contained the Regions of y'.:^f/,. cwr, Mij.iiit, MaiMoie, To.rivnr. The chief Ci.ies whereof were Prrffpolit, Axlmr,, Mn.ujiuni, Totice. 4. P.nihia or Erack,, contained tlufc Countries. Comifenr, Pnrtl.ienr, P.ii.ur.iituctic, I'aiifne. The chief City lle:nfL»ip)liis. 5. Uyrcimu, !ay on the Northof Pnrthi.i, and the Banks of ilie Ihn-.w.tn oiCaj['i<in.Scj, the fame with the Province now called M/i:(rt«i/:/<:t» or Tf.b.-.rijlai:. 6. A- 1.1, adjoined to Pjrtiin on the F.ift, and leems to have been pan of the Province now named Cl.Hi.ijf'ajj, Chief Cities of it were Aria, AU.xttndti.t and bitux.i. 7. BtiHrian.i, lay next to the Eallward, and may be computed as ihe reft of C/.or.iff.m. Chief Cues were B.iHr,i, FbuJJu'i, Maritcan.l.i, Chnr^ .tchaiirt. 8. Maigi-ina, lay on the North of both thete, ex- tending to the Ruer O.xuj, which divided it from Scytl^it^ and is at prefent named F.finrr.tiH. I'hc chief Cities were /tnticchin-M/irgiju.t, formerly called Alexandria, and afterwards Sf/n/e;'<i. 9. Fjrofimifu, the Modern Sabluflnn, lies on the V.3.A of BjcliiaiiJ, to tne Frontiers of liidin. The chief Cities were i'/imra, othcrwife called Ortrjpttna and i\4...,Vw. lu. Arr.cl ji,;, \\\c prelVnt <\iKdab", lies on the Frontiers of Indit, adjoini ^ to Piri^jynijii en the South-ealt. The duel Cities were Atachottus and AUx.mdt ij. 1 1. Dra)ij^i,-nir, lay on the Souih of thefe, and is at prefent named ,V/i;//?<ib. The chief Cities there were Ai i.tjpe and Prtp\ th.ijU. 1 1. CiMwiHi'f, the fame with '\}>crmnn, lies on the bait of Pafii, on the Banks ol the ArabUti-Uta, to the Frontiers of /)..//,;. Its chief Cities were C4»- mcw/T, S,nii)d/i(e, Atcxf.iidiin. A'mii-{n. I.aDly, 1 J. Ccdriifii, lay on the Eall of Cararmniit, and on the South of l)inn^i(in.i and Amhofm, on the Banks of the Ainbiau-Srn, extending Eaflward to the Frontlets of (;w{.«Mt in Indm ; whe«eby it com- prehended the Province mark'd in 'our Map by the name of Mnks''", asalf!) T.jrf<»and $end. iwo imall Provinces of the Mcfui's Empire. Its chief Cities were Pi'fis, Aibis inaCmi:'. This was the Firent of I'eryi.i, when the King- I'oins of Mfdi,i and Prfia were united i i the Pcrlon ofQrHJlbcGtcat, A. M. 34" 9- That Prince con- K ijueted ■'h 6S P B k S ! ji. r s u . qnerrd Bt^hionin, twXcd the Third or fw/<iw Mo- narchy upon the total Ruin of rhc Affjnan ; and thereby extciid»il che Pu/kh Ooininion thra' ^ffpU, Anntnin, and ajl the Afin-Minat, to the ftontiewof Kiinfir. But this Monarchy Ufttd no hnf,tt than 1^-6 Years, in a. Sucretfian of ii EiTi|>cror» j the Third of whom, Djiiui Hyjfnjpr.' invaded Greece with an A»fliy of locooo Foot, «nd loooo Horfr. A Force iUflUient to have ovcr-nin all that Counrry, if the Virtue and Braveiy of the Grxcitmi, had not exceeded what could polRbly have been cxpeAed from Men. Of theft no larger an Army than icooo could be collected, who uiuk-.- the L'onihidl of hliitiaJcs ventured to give the Peijinvs Baltic, in the Plains of SUmiith near Atihui, and vifith the lofs of buc i9i, according to Herotl''w, entirely defeated that vaft Army. Xoxrs the Son and Sucv.eiror of Daiiui renewed the Attmript againft Greter^ and af- ter 10 Years preparation, invadid it with fo vail an Army, that the whole Land wa> in a man- ner covered, and whole Riwrs drank dry by them. But neither had iliit Expedition better cffcirt ; for after the Land-fttjht at the Straights of 'The>nupj4.t, and the Sca-tiglit ut SnUmis, Seixcs was glad to re- tire, and leave his General Mir<ii «;'«/ with 300000 Men to finifh the W.i.r ; which was indeed fo<in after ended, by the eniirc Rout of the I'eJJjn Army, in the famous Battle of Pi.itxti. About i ^0 Years after dm, Alesmhier King of MtcTii^n invaded AJU^ fought the mwcious I'cifmn Army, Pirft, atthe River Crnnnici.! in I'hiygin^ Secondly, at Ifftii in Cih'cU, and Thirdly, at A)I>-U in AJJyria ; in all which Battles he won entiie Vidlcries, and finaHy entred Rjtihn triumpliamly. Hereby began the Third or Gi ccUn Monarchy, which laftcd only during that Kind's Life. At the Grand Partition of ^llfxanJei'f Dominions among hii Captains, Pcfi* was made part of the Xyriati Kini|d(Uli of Selcucui Hicittnr. But it lafted not long (o ; lor in the Riign of Anti.^hui Theoj, th« Grandfon of" Scleucut, the Pitrthitmt rcrojted under the Conditfl of Aijtcei a Ndblcman of (hat Country, who pcrfwaded the iKighbouring Nations to join with bim, and iHimed the Title of King. He wa<! fuccceded by a Race of Princti who were Potent Monarchs., and oppofetl the /(owiiwi with grcaterVigoiir than any other Nation. And thisXing- dom renuined thus under the Parthitn Government from A. M. 3718. to A, C. 1x8. that it 470 Years, at the end of which Arttxcrxet • Noblt Pcjlan hav- ing (lain Artnhnui III. and repelled the ^om/wi afcended the Throne, and is reckoned to have re- Aored the Ancient I'ftliitn Race. Prom him a ntw Dynafly or Race of Kinut, in 28 Generations go- v«»ned this Country 406 Years. In the Year 6)4, the iV^^enr under Hrt.'im.tr ot Omar, the Succcifor of Mrlv»ut, by the Defeac of IhimtJ.U II. put an end to that Kmgdom, and Pftjia thence for\«ard becattK a part of the Strn^en Einyitc, ;u>d was governed by certain DepiKics, with (he Ttilo of -StUtatis uikler ihe Grand Catirh. Inpiocefsof time the Sultatu of PerfitK Biltylov^ tVr. quarolhng anuxig themlclvcs, nude divert Rcvolu- iiuni ami Flui5biatV>ris of Power, which in the end btousht in tlie Tuikt : The C>ccafton whereof wa have already told in our Account of the Rife of the Turkjfi Power, when we w»crc defcribmg T«rfo>«4B 4. We there told yon that TannirHtix overcame the Sultan, A. U, 1030. and afllimed che GavernTACoi of I't'jit, he was fucceeJcd by a Race of Turl^ijh Princes for about iqo Vear*, and then a new Di- nafty of Ta>tatian Princes gamed the Government. HadJm the firftof ihefe, becime King of i'tijU in tlw Year ix6o. and was fiicceedcJ by 8 of his I'oftontj to the Year 1937. when Ahujatd the latt of that Hct!it being dead, the Kirgdoin became di idid aniinj Taitar Princes, till Tavuiltun «bo«f the Ytar 1400. reauLcd the whole to his obedience, arid left it to hisSoa Ww?j-C.'j<»«'4- Bt" that Famil, heWitrct long, for after continual Feuds among themfelvcj in a Sucvvf^"^ of Six Gencratioiis, ^^v^a the laflot thcni, was defeat d aad ilain by 'i;i7J«n-t''<|/dw.',wh!j was at that time Ov .ernour of Tiiramattiii ; by thai Vidory He afcended theThrune of Poiy/'a in tlieYeai 1471. and was fuccceded by liis Son Jacub in 147!, and he l^his Kinfmanytt/jt^iir in i49;;;thc next iui- cclTor was Hnijir.grr who began to Reign in 1 495. and after two Years left it to I{ujhn. In Iu»Rr jgn rhc An c«ftorof theprefcmRacc Lcpanto demand fIveCrowr There was an ancient Noble F.inuly in KUM.:, defcended from XluJ" Cncjint ih« t)nlv Grandl'onot' Hdh, iliat tli:apcd the fwy of Ujmjf,'i sSuca'tlors, who lived in » private Lordifcip wijH Hcmotir and Rcl'pc(5l. G'«i«c the Heir ot that Family, feeuighis Country the coniinnal Prey of Strangers, .began to have thoughts of making himfelf diljph, an Office which hail been long time difcommued, but diel without putting his l'ro)nil in e»eciitioa his Jfon /Wrt or Stfaidn, who was a (.' '..uii or Lawyer v»n» tured ufen it, but was ovctcume iwd ilam. This Man as VirariHt »«rir«s, from the Aaxtunts he recei^'J in Perji,,, had marrwd the Daugiiter of t'ljum Cuf- Jar.Ds, ar.d then<-c as he uuimatts, cl.iim'ii the Crown; he was wirhai a Man of great Preitnce to Piec'j and Purity in Rehi^ion, fur which be was cal- led Stfh or rtehgioua, and thcKby had gained ir.iKh Lftimation with the common People j aud upon th« whole, was able 10 raile Army enough to li||)g l{iijirw : lut thai Prince, or rather W^twk/ his iuc- tclTor, ( viho began 10 Reign 149S.) overcsinc and Hew hint. Hijuxxeu ot ^mul %eph, the St.ri of A.dv, when grown up renewed his Father's Pretenliow, and by the ainflance of his Friends, reverg'd bis Fa- ther Death in the Slaughter of .Uimrt. _ Thus bep'rt the new DynaAy 0/ ibe prtfcnt Kings of Pitjht, an\ here too te{(an the new Reli- gion ; fe' tfmtii being defccrxled Irora kttis decl«r«d him chd triieSiicccnisrof Wo^rnw. and hiiiifclf the true Califh. This Prince by hit Virtue, Courage, aad many Vitftories, aoquir'd a very gwat Niwie, and was addrelfed to froai all Pares : In revenge for die Jmki having atfifted Al»mtt apainll his Father, hfl invaded and tonqueicd Aljyria^ Cl'n <i*4 and Me/opi- tami* ; and after a Reign of to Year* left a large Kingdom to his Son. Ttmut, who waw a weak Prince, he was van- quithed by Stiftmtn the Magnificeiit, and loll thofe Pans of the THikifk} Df«»in««i» whichhu Father haii cofi<)tier\l, and di«d Mty 11. 1 574. .tiiiei, the fecond Son rf itm»%i (aecoiding to fome Hiftoriaris) fucceeded, bu ; his Cruelty being intolcrtbtc, he was put to Dear 4 afief a Reign (V t) Days; and then fjmarl II. who by Olttriut is accoontcd the fetond Son of T.m/t/, b it by others the eldett, futceeded and reigned one Year, or two according tooihtrs, and was iiain for his '] yianny. hUhnmet Ci<*(i/:l>r)iJr^ i. t. Servant of God, aTitle given him ftvm his Rrligious Life, the third Son af TrtWMi lucceeded. The Tmkj and lanmi takma advantai;': iJvantage ftoti» thi t(f IB hjm Aimenic^ liven Years .and dit V.mlr Ikinje, his after a Reign of < the fi-coiid Soft bett^ ichah liiai, the ] taken rff his elde Throne, snd prove recovered what hai and vvai a Tcrtoi: tiirt. He extendec wirJ into b..ii.T, ai ivVncehecKpclled moved to his own I f om him named Ke : ally he removed ,,vw". He was o 1: fecn-.s hated by h ,iAted to his Son M :or the Croiv.i, hi? ; ;e yminf; Prince b'! icveal'dit tohis Fa Hiight reclaim him, ;hai out of jc.iloud I'icui Son. And 1628. in the65rh.' ti- Reign. ^ fi) or S.-/>, the <d::hAU, was by 1 andDirediondeclai his Youth, being King numinarcd a t him, for repenting tf his Son, endeavt of his Ilfiic. Accor cruel and vicious Pr jnd died after 1 3 Y sUKiJ} that II. hi: Ape fuccecdeti. He ijenerffi'.y, but fo 1' he became unacVivt bou: » I Years, and by his Son. Jc/'«/) ,9f;i/7 or ,V-! $i'iim or Sal)mitn II! He died in 1 6gi^. Se-.tOjfen, who 1694, being then for oupht appears, lluathful aafe, and which reitdcis their Hsvi.ng given ou Hilloiy of Pofit nitural Prodii£fs, iierj of ihe Inhabi with the intended cow proceed ro wl ncfii, namely a View of the Cou ticulat as tlie Auth V(llers will give pretty well fiirnifl: mS:, \Jlt.Theveni Hi-il'fn, and Sir carefully confuh Subftani;e of all th fWi T E R S I A. <7 aJvantiga ftotti the mildnefs of hij Temper, won f[f IB l)fai •4'W""'', Media trAOsor^in, h6 itigned liven Yews and dkd in 1 585. Xmir Ikmje^ his eldcft Son Tuccccded but wa»ftain aficr a Ktigri of tight Months, nor had IJmtiei i\\. the ftcond Soi* better Fate. Jc/m/' libai, the youngcft Son of Mahomet, having liken rff liis eklcr Brother ''^i'^', afcended the Throne, and proved a liravc Viftorious Frince, he recovered what had been loft in his Fathcrt Reign, and was ;i Terror to both Turk and Tartar aU his rime. He extended his Kingdom by Conqueft EaiV- wirJ into I1..//.1, and Snuthward thro' l.nr to. Onnus, v.iifnce hccxpilled the Poituguc:{c, and thereby re- moved to his own Portsof Gmnbno^^ fwbich it fincc f om him named Hcvdo-ubnlJ) and Rcndd-iongo: And : ally he removed the Imperial Scat from Cajwin to , MJ..«. Ht was of a cruel Nature, and therefore 1: fecn-.s hated by his .Subjefls, who privately inti- ,nited to his Son Mir:^it SntI ., that if he tvould pufli :or the Crow.i, W. IhonlJ not want ailiflaiicc. But \:c yoting Prina b«ins virtuoufly dilpoftd, honeiVly ic'.eard It tohis l'a:her, in liopej we may fdppole, it flight reclaim him, but it had fo different an effeft ibat out of jcaloufic he barbaroufly murther'd that I'ious Son. And foon after died himfelf, A. D. 1628 . in the 65th, Year of his Age, and the 45th. of ti> Reign. S:ph or S:fi, the ; on of i>/<v?« the injured Son of <ck:bAb.!-, was by his Grandfather's particular Will andDifediondecfar'd his Succelfor, and by rt'afon of his Youth, being then but i s Years of .Age, the King nominated a trufty Friend to alTift and prorcft bim, for repenting his Wickednefs in the Murther of his Son, endeavoured to ationc for it by this care "f his Iifiic, Accordingly ioV>i. reigned, 'mr was a cruel and vicious Prince, he joi\ ha^dit to ihcTurk;, ind died after i j Years Reign. idxih (iiai II. his Son, a Youth of 1 2 Years of Ape fucceedcd. He was a Prince of Bravery and ijenert'fiiy, but fo fwallow'd up in Drunkcnnel's, that tt became unac^ive and molt cruel. He reigned a- bout ji Years, and was fuccceded //. 1664 or 1666. by his Son. Schgh Stphj or Sofh II. who ithanged iils name to ^I'lim or Sol)mm III. of whdm nothing tonfiJerable. He died in 1 6^4. and was iuccccdcd by his Son. Jc.'.j Qjfen, vvho began to Reipn \he 6\\\. of ■'u^ufl, 1694. beuig then 25 Year>of Age, and li (till iwing for oupht appears. Thefc latter ' linciihaM h'cHin lloathful safe, and attempted no Wars on an) ude, which renders their Hirtory obfcurc. Hsving given our Reader a general Account of the Hiltoiv nf Poji.t to thi', time, and Ihewn h.m the nifural ProduOs, the Culloms, Teit\prrs, and Man- ners of (he Inhabitants, as amply as could confift with the intended brevity of this Work. We Ihall flow proceed fo what is more particularly our Bufi- nefs, namely a Geographical and Topogiaphical View of the Country, wherein we (hall be as pat- ticvilatas the Authentick ctonntsof Judicious Tra- vcllcrj will give uf leave. A.ul happily we are ptetty well furnifticd with Materials, by Seignior G«- ■'""•'''i Mr. Thnenet, Tavcrn'm, Olenrins. Sir Tlmnai Hiil'fit, and Sir Jolm Ciirdln, all whom we (hall larei'uljy confult an.1 prtfcnt the Reader with the Subflanveof all they lay. A Tabic of tht! I^avinces ai PEH^SIA, and chief Citiei in each, ia otde.i as they ftaiid in the fol- lowing Defcription. f Derient, SCHlRWAN.fe;^;^.,, Ctaurii, AIDERBEITZAN.{/lr</ewY, ^Stiliania. \ Ma^^anileran, / Omcd or Amou!, s^TtibaiijUn. fCinbin, iKpm, ERACKor ) HamaJan; HfcRAKAGtMI \c,/hnn, ,., [ISPAHAN viitb fSuJicr or S11J4, CHUWTAN. &;!Vt, iBtttd/cr-H^Jtst. I' ''Shirtt. PetJepoUj 61 TJcbitt-minAr'^ ■ . . . . j Gcmbtutn or • . • • r ( SeWi/fi -Abi£i, , ^Scndtr-Cimge. BAHARfiN, Infl. ' ■ Kfckmijp, la. L*rt^4, la. KHERMAN. MAKtRAN. {c/ft LUiabetcrJ, fGutdtl. ^Ja/quet, .B*rmafir, &C. m •n.it m MvO ■■'"', N SIGISTAN. <;-!. ;«,/., Ic I'h'udc^,, C^rttHlian, 8tc'. iSABl.USTAM.{gf^,4,,^^g,,, CANPAHAR. Camldv. K > CHO^ 6^ T B R S I A rl i ill / Herat oj Sei htri, ^Me/chid, I E!j:; CHORASSAN..'N,v/«io„r. . (rhuft, ace. # Terabad or Fet jb.i\ ESTARABAD. J Maibw--, K-ir-:- KHOEMUS. ) l«d,on, V ^jif/;«/, Sec. In rntring rer/?< from ('•em^i.i, we pafs thro" the Provinces of Schittvan and ylid^rh.t)a't or Aideibct^Ah, a Coviutry ihat i> cold, but very healthy fa>sT(i- vcrnier. SC H l/^ffv Mays O/mm'u/, isaConntry of extraordinary fertile Soil, > ielding Rice, Wheat, Barley, Hay, and even great ftofc of Vines; the land was all green when they were there, vuhich wasin Novembei, and continued fo to the middle of December. The chief Cities in this Part arc, Derient, whiih fignifies a Straight, called by the Vurkj Demir-e.w, or Iron-gate, being a Pafs between the Mountains and the Ci/piiin-Sej, It was al- ways a Place of importance, and mentioned by Tj- ciruj and other ancient Authors, under the Names of C.ifpi.t-PyU 01 Citjpiii-Cl.iujhr, audit is ftill the Gate into t'etfi.i from T/irf.ivir, and therefore well Fortified. The City fills up the whole Defile be- tween the Cr.lpien-$e«, and the craggy Mountains on the Frontiers of Gcirf/>, which is a League in length ; and is furrouiided with ftrong Walls, built of a fyrt of Plaifter made out of powdei 'd Stone and Shells, which is of the coniiftence of Stone, and as firm as Marble. The Caftle wherein the Governor refides, Hands upon a Mountain, and has always a Guard of 5 CO Men in ii; the City when pon'elii;d by the Twkr^ was well inhabited by deck Mer- chants, /Ut when King I'.mii ll^-mje, the Son of Mabomi't Chodr.b-vde recovered it, he fo ruined if, that that part of the Town towatds the Sea lidc, has evcrrtnce been iminhabiteif and chiefly converted into Gardens ; the Coalt is all Rock, which renders It dangerous to Shippirif;; and on the whole, the City is only confiderable on account of its Strength, and bting the paifagc from Miiiccv]i and 'iju,vy into I'eijia. It is the utinolt limit of Perjiu on the Nonh- wcff, and is fcated in the 41 D. ana 50 Miii. of 1 atit. CAmbafladors Tra\e|j.i (■'/in^ci, a Ciiy fcated on the Road between r i.j>i .md Sc/iw/tcrie, but hardly within the limits of this I'rovincc, fince 'tis feated on the other fide cf the River K'"' '■ Uiit (iiice omitted there, we fliall fpeak of it here, as being tco confiderable to be omitted ; for Father -/in//, who palled thro' it in the Year 1686. tells us, 'tis one of the beft Cities in i't'/;.», lituatc in a very pleafant Plain of 25 or 30 1 eagues long, watered by the Conflux of many great Rivers, and fi) picaUntiy U;rrounded with Groves of Trees, that the I'efiiDii call it the Garden of the Empire. Its Market- places are Spacious and Magnificent, fur- rounded with taulted Ware-houfe$, filled with va- rivius fwts of f^'inmodities, the Cjty being a place of gnat Trade and Coi.courfe. f./K i//.3 SihAiiLubie, the Capital of SJtiiann, a City fays Farther rtvili, that might formerly challenge Rank among the bcft and moll populous of all P'r/ii, be- fore it wasalmulldeilroycdby a furious Earthquake, however it is ftill fuppoffd to contain neat ooooo In- habitants, one half whereof are Aimenitfii ; and even (he other half are niollly Stranger?, whointht pleafanaiefs of the Country, and TrafTick haveir.- vited thither, thus far yivriil. This City ftands o.i a River which falls into the Cifpimi-Sen, 40 O'.-rmj, Leagues South from Dnbent, I at. 40 D. 50. M, (fays O'e.nuf] and is a Piice of great Trade, the Streets narrow, and the Houfcs built of Earth aid very low. Before it was deltroyed by the Turii jnthc Reign of Sbit-/lb.ii, It Contained (favshc/ above 5000 Houfes, which Ihews that in his time, //«. 163(5. it was far Ihort of what farther .-/i//.'/ talks of j forjn its then flourifhing State, the 5000 Houfes it confiftcd of, could not be fuppofed to contain 6000 liihi^i- taiits. The Earihiiiiakc mentioned by Wur///, happen- ed in the Year 1 667,and theCity was rebuilt in 1S7;, fay Snuyi. Dr. l-lcylin from Ca>tv>ight, an EnilifJu. veller in thefe Parts, fpeaks of a notable Pillar n Men's Skulls, which fa s O^e.m'us] fnupht for ill ovtt the City, but could hear no news of, Dr. ih-uinmrH be cxi'ukd, as being led into tlic erri)r b.' ( .1 ;. rf'ig>e J but why his new F.ditot who quotes almo;i the fame Page of O.e/ttius, where 'tis comradijf:^ does not corri'£> it I can't imagine. hJ^u, feated near the Banks of the O"^":' ir-?-. on the River that flows by SctmnMe is a noted Pot;, and giver a name to the Cufpian-Sea. AIDER^BEITT^ /IN, commonly called AUir- t.tjm or Admbipan by F.urcprr.m, the South pan of Midiii^ and called Medin-mnjoi by the Anciims, 11 bounded on the North by Sdnmnn, whence 'iis f< peratcd by the Dcfarts of Mol^an ; on ;Iic Welt by the River Ami, which divides it from t'lrtt part of Ceo, gin called hitn or f^arnbag • on the Fift with KjLdi or Gilnn ; and on the South with Curdii'tjn or ytjjy'i". A Country of p-.oiifi-k Suii, and iealiby tho' cold Climate. The cl:i£t Citit? hete arc, Tau'is or Titbrii, fuppofed to have riicn out of the Ruins of the ancient F.cb/ttann, a City as ancient as Babylon, and fomctime almoft equal to it in Beauty and Magnificent.;'. The Walls being reckoned in the hook o( Judith, 'o bc7o Cubits high and joCu- bits broad. It was the feat of the' Monarchs of A'U-dir. and Pcifu, whofe Palace was of mn(V fiitrp- tuOus Strudure. The picftnt LiuMi is one of ihc richcft and moll populous Cities of Pfi/;Vr fiys O.f.i- iiiii ; it is fcated in a fair Plain, environed wiiii Mountains on all lides but the Weft, a lirtlc Rivci lUined Spriii^icl'-: runs thro' it, over which there ite three Bridges ; it is a latgc and well peciplcd City, as being the Mart between 'i'//'/^', Mubrvi. Aimemf, and hid if,, and has a great number of Merchants, and vart quantities of rich Gnids, efpecially Silks. Piovilionsare cheap, and Money more plentiful than in any other parto^ Ajia. Ihe Houfes are huilt of vSun-burnt Brick, not above one or two Stories high and vaulted at top ; the Silk Weavers hcie are ex- cellent Artillj, and the Shagrci'n Skins fo valuable every where are dreifed here, {ravttnin.) Ttu'i ( fays Sir Jtim Ch.udin ) is u I'erlian Leagues, ot 5 coo Paces each diftant from F.rivnv, and 40 Leapucs from the C/:fpi.iK-Sra, Lat 18 Deg. feated in a Plain at the foot of a Mountain, which modern .Authors fuppofe to be the Onniei or Baitmrci of PcMiui, do- f/c'Kj, and I'rntem^ ; iiu cold bu: very healthy Air. It is in Rank, Magnitude, Riches, Commerce, and number of Inhabiunis the Sccoml City ot P''./'''i but has neither Wallsnor Fottifications, it contains 1 5000 Houfes and 1 jooo Shops, for the Houfes arJ Shops are built apatt in J'f>/<i ; the Shops compuie fia:ii> Bai.ns Of Ma Streets vauhed o ate divers Bazai [he Cit\, and th iiuir.bet of the In nay loitic aflinn leiidred the mor Strangers tiom a Bi-.^k-Se,!, i'r.'rr.t comes to pafs, i well furnilhed >.v Home Conimod courle of Strangi Inns, foiiie whi I oJgers. And ilux of People, cccilinR cheap, \ of a Penny, at the Pound, aaJ forts of Neccliari he, '.,{/i'{ ./-//CI Quarries of whit Ipaieti'. .And n one of Salt, aii< IS cxhaultcd aivi I Jigfing. Here nioltly Sul|'liure Auth.ir's /Sir io. the Orii^ine and nough, are too futficieiit to fay, iiioiilly agree, th the i<5th. Year In thii Wars bet w( ten taken and rega andSi/ym/:/) iheM jnii I vjo. and aj lacked if, and t Citadel to curb i .ioiii, Am:!i 1614. ever linee been fu .i'dchil 1,1- y/.J fiands ,dmut 1^. / iS 1). ', .M. Ill a with Moi.'iJtans, al'lenefs of Wi at (xtremity of CoU tpidemical Difcj the bell Cities in iioui'd with the F^ and pattly becai: ft th irSeit in Kelij H:\mf.cl the firft K here. And witha Si.'k and other va is a'lnut tlie laiiu' tute of Walls, tl Gardens, planted picalaiit Shew at ■ r.ih'.:i diviJed int( one Branch runs il it, and rt)..-,:ning Imall Stream is f falling troiii the M fmccil to dig Ti whi.h woiifl oth Town The M i-o l'.iccs long i all found It hli' hut the richell Go< '.<W. T E K S I A. 69 Bazars or Maiketi, which arc large, aiid lonR Streets vauUed over al 4" or "jo foot hcighth ; there arc divers Bazars which take up the middle part of ihc Citi, and the HoiiCes the outer part of it. Tlie iiunilxT of the Iiihabitaiuiiarc rcckciied to be 500000, nay lomc afl'irm thev arc double that number. It is rciidrcd tlic more I'upulous, by the great refort of Strangers fiom all th( P.irts ol Th)/;;, MhJchv), the B.V:.<^-S('i, 'i'f.i ti:>_y and hidin, for Trade, whence it conies to pafs, that the Bazars xxc always cxtreamly well furnilhed with all forts of Foreign, as well as Home Comtuodities ; and bccaule of this great Con- courie of Strangers, there are joo Caravanfera's or Inns, lonie whereof are capable of receiving ^oo 1 oJpcrs. And yet notwithitanding this great con- llux of Peoi'le, Provilioiis are fo plenty as to be ex cccdinR cheap, for Bread colls not above a third par. of a I'cnny, and Flclh but a Penny Half-peiiry the Pound, sad ilic City abounds fo well with i\\ forts of Nccllaries fi;r 1 ifc, that one lives here f. ys iic, :.ijc\ ii'lic'u't.jiiiieni. Near the City are large Quarries of white Marble, one f rt whereof is tran- Ipaieii'. And not t.it froiri them are two Mines, one of Salt, and the other of Gold, but this laft is iscjhaulled and hardly now will yield the charge of digcing. Hero are alfo fcveral Mineral Waters, luollly Suli'liureous and (ome of them hot. My Author's (S\r 'iolmChtiiilin) difquilitions concerning the Origine and Fate of this City ahho' curious c- nough, are too large to have Place here, it muft be futiicicnt to Kiy, that the /'j'/mm Hiitoriaiis unani- nioiill. agree, that the time of us Foundation was the i6',th. Year cf the Hcgir/:, i.e. j-l. D. 787. In (hi: Wars between the Tiirk.t and ?erjif.ns,\t was of- ten taken and regained. The '1'urk.ilh Sultans Stiinus I. andSi/ym/jMiheMagnihcent took itin the Years 1514. and I vjo. and again in 1530. the Tuil^s took and licked It, and throwing down the Walls, built a Citadel to curb it. At length iP. 'he Reign of Ski Avi-.i, .ini:;i 1614. It was filially recovered and has ever liiite been fubjed to the I'eifi.w .■irdthil (,r W'J'.'i.'/, and by fome called AtiUml, fiands ,diout 1^. Miles tail from I'l-.uns m the I.at. ^3 D. '1 M. ill a fair and fpacious Plain, environed with Moi.'ijta as, vvhieh occifinn a continual ehange- ai'lenefs oi'SVraihcr, front extremity of Heat to ixtrciiii;> cf Cold, and renders the City fubjeiil to bpideiiiical Oifeafes. It clainieth Dignity among tlieboft Cities in I'nfit, partly bccavifc it was lio- iiour'd with the Rcfuiencc of fevcral of their Kings, and partly becaufe Schcich Sn(i /ti:h\ the Author of th irSeit in Keligion lived and died here, and Sophy Hi'imncl the fnft King of the prcfent Race lies buried here. And withal it is a Place of great Trade, for biik and other valuable Commodities. This City isa'iout the fame bipiufs as Scjui.icite, and delli- tute of Walls, the i-loiifes arc all funiifhed with tiatdcns, planted with Fruit-trees, which make a picalant Shew .it a diltance ; The fmall River B<i- ■ ;i".i diviied into two Branches waters the Town, one Braiivh riiiis thro' it, and the other cncompaifcs it, and rejoining fal^s into the River \iii.>/h; this Imall Streant is f > eiiciafed by tlic melted Snows, falling Iroiii the Mjuntains in .Summer, that they arc toiCi.\l to dig Trenches to carry oif the Water, wh;,h woiill otherwilt; do iniieli damage in the T(iwn The Mci.Idi or grand Mavket-place, is j^o I'.ices long and no broad, having Shops all round ic hlld with valuable Commodities ; hut thcrichcll{;<M.!<, fuch as Jewels, Gold and Sil- ver, Silks, Ce. ha^e another Market-lioufe or Ex- change, which IS a fquare Building arched over, and opening at three Gates into three long Streets ol well furnilhed Shops, and Caravanlera's for Strangers, whereof a great number are always feen here. The ScpuKhre o*' SiLUli^ Sotli, is no fmall Addition to the City, being viliced with great Devotion by Pilgrims, the ScruCkures over it and adjoining to it, which have been at divers times built by I'eijl/'.n Kings coirpofe a kind of CafHi and conlilts of fair Courts, Cloillcr-Walks, large Unoins and arched Vaults, all which are exceeding richly adorned with Coid, Silver, Tapiltry, Marble-Pa\eiiicnr3, C. cipccial!> the Tm;.Li it felfaiid the Chapels leading to it, where are feen Gates plated with Gold, Rail* of mafPy GoKl and Silver, He. the particulars are worth Readily in Uiciiim. But what is molt tomnicndable, is the Kitchin of SV//", which he him- lelt endowed w.th 50 Crowns pi-r ,11cm, to provide FooJ for the Poor, which hmluwmeiit has been fo encreafed by fevcral Kings, that now at Icalt IOC ' Perfonsare fed three tunes a Day out of it, di- vers of the Royal F.imily alio lie Interred here. Thus much fur ./'(i.'/i', which wc have chofcn to take out of the Amballadours Travels, whofe judi- cious Secretary Oiemiw, tells US what he faw in the Year 1637- Siihf.iii.i, a City built on the Ruins of Tigmnocertn by King .^nhm^t Choaitbeuiie, who named it fo from the Royal Title S;i//.iH,andinadc hisRclidencc in it f is featcd in a very fpacious Plain, which has a high Mountain en two fides in I.at. 36 D. jc M. lix days Journey from Taiiris. There arc many Magnificent remains of the old City, fome whereof are at half a Leagues diftancc from the prefcnt Town, and ftiew how much larger that was than this, (Olenrius. ) It feeins afar otT a very neat well built Place, but does not appear fo when you are within it, yet fome of the Publick Buildings are remarkable for Strudure and Magnificence. The City contains about 3000 Houfes, and was for feveral Reigns honoured with the Kings Prefen:e. The Peiji.ui Hilforics mention the old City, as the largell of the Kingdom, but the 'l'iiil;_s and l.trtars, elpecially I'nmnl.iiii, in a manner totally deftroi ed it. (Ci:v.iln ) There are fevcral other Cities, and a great number of very good Villages in this Province, but not equal to thole mentioned, not conliderable c- nough to need Defcription. the Province of f^ Tl. A iV or GIL AN with MA::^^Si)EH^A>i otherwife called TABA- l{ISTA N, is that large Trad of Ijnd between the Ciffinn-Scd on the North, and a continued Chain of Mountains in form cf a Crelceiu, which divide it from I'aitl'iii or i'.r.t,\ on the South ; the Weftern part is iiiUn ; and the Eartern Mtt:{ii«dnan. The neighbourhood of the Ca/pinti-Sej, renders the Earth Swampy and even Marlhy in many Parts, which breeds innumerable fwariiis of Serpents and. Jnfedb, which together with the noifome Vapours, render the Air frequently unwholefomc : But die Soil it Fertile, and this Province is famous for the good Silk it produces ; and fome Parts of it arc lo plea- fant, that the Country about Fer/iii:i is called the Ciardeii of the Kingdom, fays Oleatim. Sir Thcimnt Ihrbtit fays, the Country is generally of good Soil and Climate, abounding in Corn, Graft, Fruit, Floweis and Wood ; and in Husbandry, Building, and Civility, more refembling two^f than any othet part of .-.;//« i the Soil is improved by tnatiy Rtvulett, ■wh^ch I'l , >-M\ \n >,ilfv '\PH ' l^ iiii ^•'i" i 10 T E K S I J, \ i ii I * which fpring from the Mountains, and run thrw" the Ccointry into the C^ffir.n-Sca. This is the ancient Jiyrcinin, whence 'he Sei which we call Ciffinn, (a naipe taken from tlie Cn/pii, ati ancient Nation which inhabited thefc Parts ) is alio called Hyrcani/in in Latin Aifchors. How the two parts arc divided, I dare not rr;tcnd to dcterinina ; for they are dc- fcribcd conjuni'^ly by moft Travellers, and fo we fhall not meddje with the hmits of either. The chief Ci' Is are, Gilan, which gives name to that Province, ftands on the River Al^tirni in the 38 D. of Latitude, 250 Mijes paft fiom Tau it. Mt^amhr.n, which alfo gives name to that Pro- vince, ftands more to the Sca-Coalt, loo Miles North-eaft from GiUti. Eikeriff, Gfirif, or j-lfhtiroff, feated near the Sea- Ct)aft, is a goodly City of 1000 Houfes, famous ui its time for the Rcfidencc of the King Sha-Abitr, who built there a fumptuous Palace. A/haroff, fays SitThmmi Hobfrt, who was there in \6i6. is feated within tWo Miles of the Cajpitn-Sca, in a low Ground furroimdcd with many Salt Marlhes, and but meanly watcr'd by only one Spring from the Mountains : The Baaar is but ordinary, and the Pa- lace which was then newly built, is not large nor very regular, but exceeding funiptuoiis in Decora- tions and Furniture. FerebtiKt or Pernhbat, fea'?d alfo near the Cifpian- i>(f, it about five Miles diihnce from its Shoar, is a City of 3000 Families, wherein the King Shit'Abas had alio a Palace, adorn'd with noble Furniture and Paintings, and efpccially a delightful ('<arden. 7 ho Situation of the City is flat, the Soil rich, and full of Gardens. A frcfh Water River of 40 Paces Viroad, \yhich rifes in the Mountains, palfes by the Town, and fells into the CaJpitn-S-a : hiftead of Walls, the Town is furroimdcd with Moats, The Houfc in this Place arc bevel Roofed as ours, not flat and terras^d as ufual in Pcy;>. Here are two Bazars, but they are but oidinary, a;id the chief Ornament of the Town is the King's Palace. {Hcbert.) Cbocopom, II Miks diftant from Vcrab*t feated near the Sea-fidr, is remarkable for a River whofe Water is eleven Months hclh, ?nd the twelfth Salt. {Htrbert.y Omctit or Amouf, feated within Land near the Mountains, is a large Tnwn of 3000 Houfes, in- habited by fuch variety of Strangers, that ali the Days of the Week except il'e.infd.iy, is by one Sci^ or other kept Sabbath. The Town ftands on a large Level in a plcalant and friiitfttl Soil, and is guarded with a fair ftrong Caftic moated round. In the chief Mofque arc buried as they fav 444 Princes and Prophets, which creates in the People a great veneration to it. ( I hi ben.) Tnb/trijtun, mcntion'd by Dr. Fn/tr as a conlidrra- ble City for the weaving and felling Silks and Vel- vets ftands hcrcabours, and by fomc Maps i: is marked as only another name of Onw.tl, wh;ch we are willing to acquicfce in, liecaufe Sir T.Hc L^-t who travcll'd this way, would n ;t have omitted men- tioning lo notable a Place, as Dr. /•/ > fpcaks that tpbe. The Ridge of Mountains which lie on ihc South, and divide ntit Province f 0111 /'.:•</ ii, is a braivh of Mount TnHiu/, which runs on taftw.iid, atn: North- ward to Tarta y. The Paifage thro v in the Koad from ifpnhim is fo naiicw, that a ceitain Kobbct in Shd-^lm$'i lime, with his Tioop kept Poffcirio.n 0! it a long time, in fpightof the I'orcr the King fuif agjinft him. i;/<./*CK, rER^AC,ot HJE!{^AC-AGF.MI\ it Tavtmier writes it, ot B'tfkri'K"" an Oh/iri'm [ Ih : word Wgrm ligniiies Prr/,"/i«, and fcitestodi. ftinguilh this Province from the other Tcracti^ or Ch/. <^j<i;] th« ancient P ARjriUA, is reckoned the middle, and may be called the Royal Provinrc o< Ptrjiti, in regard the King always relides in ir. It is a Country of moft fcrtne and healthy Air, but not of extraordinary fertile Soil, Surrounded «uh Mountains, and much (haded with Woods, wli.cli defends from the Heats 'twould be otherwifu I'uh- jeift to ; for the Soil is in great part a rowling ,Saml. There is however fonie good Lind, which prodii;f( the necelfaries for I ife, but Ijplif.hnn is beholdtii to other Provinces (or moft of its Provifions. 1 he chid Citicii here are, Caibtn or Cnfxin, rifen out of the Ruins of the ancient Ai/atia, mentioned by Ptolrmi, feared in a large fardy Plain in the 36 D. i^M. I at. Ins a large City of lix Miles Circumference and iioc^ Houfea, wherein ars judged to inhabit 1 00003 Souls;and was for fome time hdnout'd with theK' gs Prei«nce, but SU-Ab/ti as we have faid, reir.ijvcd the Court to IJp.ihr.n. 1 he Palace, which was built either by Ifmael or Tttiini, has a very pood Ganfiii behind it, and another Cippo(ite before it of half a L(ag«ic in cirruir, the moft delightful that can lie, being adorn'd with fpacious Walks, Ihadid with Cyprefs and other Trees, and cxtreamly furr.ilhcd with variety of Fruit-trees. There arc in this City two M-iJr.ns or large Ma-kpt-places, well furnilhid with Shops and Ware b jufes of Merchandize ■ The Houlcsareof Briik, deltitiite of Ornaments with- wit lid'c, but well fitted and furnilhed within. They fcave no Water but wuat is brought in Pipes from Mount F.lwend oT Aloiivm:, as Oj/ii.yj;; writes it, half a League difhinr. That ]V<ountaiii runs Wcftwanl as tar as Bagdat, and abound: with excellent Marble. In C/iibin they have Vau,lts unt'crtheir Houfes, where they keep Ice and Snow, and (ind convcoicrt Re- tirement in the Hfcats of Sun met ; as ihe Soil is faody, you may believe 'tis'.roublefome walkinpiii the Streets, when you arc told rhey are rot pased, thus far Oc/iriM/. ThisCity has former. y been wal led, but at prefent lies (jper , the Walls being riiin'J. A finajl' iiranch of the Rivet Baioiithe runs near the Town, but they dare not let in the whole Strcjni for fear of overflowings. This City is confidcraWc on account of the King's Palace, and many Noble- mens Honfes in it, fi.r as the Court comes hither fometimcs, the great Men frvim father to Son keep up their Ht) .fcs. M~idnn-Chn, i. e. Place Royal or //r^^s- (iome, where ihey cxcrciff Horfcnianlhip aird run Races, is 700 Haces long and 150 broad. The Ca- ravanfeia's or publick Inns, aicfome of them very well built, among which the Royal one has i^u Chambers in it. The Royal Mofque is reckoned one of th faired and largcft of ali PcjU. This City is not (o well furnilhed witiiGar.lcns as othcr.s becaule of rhe fandy Sod and w,(nt of Water; lalHv, the City is govern'd b .•• Onot^a tlioftn annually, whole p.ace is worth tohi'n 6go Tcnwi,:. Sir ic.nthr.tdii.) Srtw/: or .'^ai',1, f.'arcd South Eaft; from Cas'.i)' in a fertile Plain, it) the ii.idway bc.twcrn that Ciiy and Kp'", is two Miles in Circiindi?rcncc, but foilmily inhabited, that except in the Urart of the Town. It runs ro Ruin for want of Pcorlc. The chief TraJc L T E R S 1 J. It of the Htf e is in little grey Lamb-»kins, with which the /"«•/(<•«' line their Garments. (Tttvernier, C/mi- iiin.) Not far from S«n>4, are fern the Kuiiis of n once famous City namci! I\_^, of which the I'erfian Hiftofict ( fays Clmrdin ) fpeak at the largcf) next 8.1/7'"", of all Adn, and gives fuch monttrous Ac- i-ouiuiof it that 'tis incredible. By the AccoiiDt that Author fets down, itcontain'd above looocoo of Hoiifts, lielidcs I ^000 Mofqi>eii, 6400 College, i66uo Baths, iic In the Wars between two SetJls nf trnk', wc of which called in the Ttiniiit, that City was dcrtroycU before the 600th. Year of the Hixyra. t^:m or Crnt, a large and populoas City, it felted in a Plain by a River lide, in liic 34 O. ?ci Min. I at. It is fiirrcunJed with a Moat and Wall, flanked Willi Towfrs, but they are half ruined; and con- tain accofdiiig to the report oi the Inhabitants i;ooo Hoores, fays Clitid:'. Here arc fine ]ari>e Hazars, but ihe Coniuirrce of the Place is not vtryconfidc- rable; it coiilifts in Fruit drird and raw ( elf ecially Pomgranates,) Soap, Swonl-bUJev, and PD'tei'ii. ware • of all ivhuh thci have the I eit in tlw; King- dom, their Pots an: grcjtly tlt'env-d tor a quality tt tcsling Water in Summer to admiration, AJonp the River fide, there is a fa r Key tlic whole hnjth of the Ciiy, and at the talt <:\:d a Bridge, beyond which on the o;her fideihe Hi tr lies aMibie f.ardcn, (0 which the Inhabitants rclort for Pleafuic, and n- detd quite round the City lie fair and pleafin: Gar- dens. The Houfe^ in Kr*" have very deep Ce.lars, ind therein Wells of frefli Water, which in the Summer time is as end as Ire, a great Rctrclhmcnt licie where the Siimmeris excelfHc hot .' Here arc ;i greit many fair Ciravanfcra's and fever.ii nnc Mofques, but the moft remarkable is that wherein the Princefs F/irima Mithrmei'% Daughter, and two King' lie Imerr'd ; the Sinidlure of this iMoKine is Beautiful, and its Ornamcnis moll Si'mptucius, the sccefj to it, isthro' four large ft.itelyCniirts, the lirll whereof is a hne Garden, and the laft is paved with tiatifparent Marble, and furroundcd with rrat and beanriful Lodgings for the Vriefls ; the Doors to the Uf.uftiltitm are plated with Siber, and the Tomb is enclofcd in a malfy Cirate of the fame MettaJ. On nth fide of it lie Iiitcrr'd the two Kings, /tLm II. inJ Stfl.i I. at whofe Tombs the I'ricAs arc conti- nually employcii in reading the A'chorr.n, nothing nn be imagined richer, neater, and more magni- ficent than this Mofque, which by the Perfi/ins is cilleJ Mcjjiim/t or pure, and in much Veneration. There is a Revenue of 3100 Tematit belongs to this Place, that is to fay 1500 to the lom'o of Ahi, 1000 to that of Srphi, and 700 for that of fttimn. There are many other fair and finnptuoiis Buildings in Ks'i, and bating the heat in Summer, it is a plcafint Place to live in, and well fu'-plied wiihProvifionsof all forts, and excellent Fruits, and wiihal the People are very tradlable and civil, f Sir '}ikn Chartlii.. ) ttumadan, one of the richeft and moft confiJera- bie Cities of Pcrfiii^ ( fays Juvemie',) Itands at the fcotof a Mount, where rife a great many Springs which Water the Country, and make it fo abound with Corn, as to be able to furnilh the neighb"nring Parts, itaboundsalfo with Cattle, Butter, Chet-lV, Hides and Tobacco. It is a Srape of Caiavans joing to Mecca, for it lies on the Road to If.i^'int a- tBut 100 Miln South Eaft fimn Kfi- Cdh/in ac Kjihtn, a populoiis and vrtalthy City, ftands in a plain near a high Mountain , about 70 Miles North from IfpitLti., 1 at. a L>. 51 Miji. Tlic Ciiy ajid Subilrbs ( fays Ci'^iJ/w ) contains6;oc Houles, ai the Inhibitants repot', 40 Molques, 9 Colleges, and about ioo Serukhres of ilie L>c- fcendims of Hah. 'I'hc Huufts a't 1-v.ilr if t.atili and Brick, but not very h.mrlli^ic : butths Bazars are well built and in good repair. 1 he Tin!? of the 'lown conlifts in a Manutadory of Silks and lil- fues. Velvets and Satrins whereof there is no City in I'nju makes fo niii h. There is iiu River at C«fha>:, but iliey are fupplicd with W.itcr I y Svl- tfnane!:n Canals and deep Wclh. I he City is en- rompallcd wiih a double Wall fi.nkd with round Towers, and hath (ive (rites. Fruit is lo plenty here, that they lervc Vp.ii:,:i\ rlpcciil vvitli Me- lons, they have alio plenty < f Corn, but Cattle and wild FoivJ are morcffarcc. ( iS'i'urd-.ii.) 'Tri a iarpe City well Peopled, and furniil.ed with all thinps ncccflary for Life, v.licrcin and near it icoo Faniili.s of 'jcmt inhabit, who boall thcmlelvcs to be of the Tribe of Judnb. Ihc Country hereabouts nbcunds with Scoipiont, info- m, ch ili.1t :he ^rmfion of tr/han is become Prover- bial ;n i'f/i.:, ( Cmcn.ier.) IiH^kh is but little lefi in i-oiiiplfs than ^);«, being thice Miles in length, aiul il'c Bu Iwiings not fo much n.incd as there. The Bazars are light aivl well contriv'd, the Streets are very good, and the Caravanfera's large and well built. The King ha» :i Pa^Ace and fine Gardens near •his City. ( ti,»«.-//i. ) ' '.- J' W H A iV or S/i/iif/.vjniv ftands in the Place of the ancient Ihc.itompy.is, locallou fmni its Hundred Gates, whence its vaft Mapniiudc may be cnnjc- (itured, and as that was the Ripal Scat of the i'4. - thian N'onarchs, f' is this atpte'.ent of the i'i,fiar_ and therefore elteem'd the Capital of the Kingdom. It is fcated in the 51 D. 40 Mm. of Lat. and in the 71 D. of 1 ongit. in a plain fruitful Soil, watered with Streams deduced from the River ir.ntica'. The old City had beenlo totally dcftioycd, thatthercon- Ijr remained two fmall Villages, when the latter Race of the Pcr/i<tn Kings, extending their Dominion Eaftward and Southward, caufed the rrcreafe of th'.fe two Villages, into a gordly Tdwn c.illetl at firit Sip.ihuii. Siiv.l] Abf.s takiii(? notice cf its advan- tagious Situation, removed the Royal .Sea: to it, which before had been held at i'./'/.r.'/.i and Ctiliin, by which it grew up wii'.i f^re.at fpecd into a large and populous City, of 1 1 Miles Circumference, bolides ^ii(m and the other Suburbs, which extend it to 30 Miles (xtrnr. (Gitnc'li-) The City is encnmpafled with a Mud-Wall, wb.ercin arc ten Gates, and a thai low Ditch planted with Trees. The Street.'* are n.urow, crooked, and dark, becaufe penerally cover'd over, and the Ground always dirry or dulfv, bein^ not paved; the Houfes are built of Siin-biiri'.t tttukand M"d intermtx'd, grow- ing narrower in lieighih and Terrad'cd at top, they do not exceed two Stories in l.eighth fays one, rile to four .Sfofies fays another, and have generally two arched Rooms a.lnrn'd wi-.li Painting'. The whole- fomiK'fs of the Air, and the Pre fence of the Court, tempt iheGcntry to live there, which creates a very P'ear Trade, and renlcrs the I'lace vety populou.s. The P.-rf-niij ca\i it half the World, for the Jiver- fity of Tongues fpoken there, and bec.iufe cf it» wealthy Baz.irs and multitude of Shops of all forts of Commodities. The moft remarkable Places arc, the JfH 'II m i !■! '-M i! :' 1 1 I m 9 E K S I A. \ n \f I t i\\c Siinrbacky the King's Palace, the King's Cardeii .i^.ti-^eiib, ilic MeinKi, and the Mofii»eot the tive (Jatcs. lUe^iiii-b^ck^ i. r. four (hardens, locallcd liom lour ("lanUiis of tiic Kin;^'; which furround ir, i* a noble Street of two Miles, ioni; and a hundred I'aoe^ broad, f.iys iVr !■»«(/ , vi ho continues it on to jl^nt-geiib, and lo is in the right ; altho CjHvt//, 'viio terminates it at tlic River, fays 'tis one Mile lonij, and a Mufijuct-Shot broad ; a Chanal of Wa- ter luakin); four great Iquare Pools lie in the middle, and on each lidc are planted double rows of Trees, uherc is a common Road fiir Hurfc and Carriage, ami a foot Caufey raifed 4 foot above that Road. This Strict terminates according to Ginnlli's Ac- < ounr, at ihe River S'^iulcm, whuh runs crofs it at the Miles end ; over which River there lies a noWe ^tone Bnilgc of 3? Arches, whereof liex'moi gives us this D.lcninion, it i< joo Paces long and lo broaJ, on each lidc inllead (if the Parapet, there are co- \ ered (allerics with Windows to the Water for Foot Pillage, and o\er each a (iiir Platform with .calic Steps lip 10 them, whereby >i)u may walk either in Shade or S'ln, fiee from annoyance of Horfe or Carriage, win, h are confined to the middle Padiige. Beyond this liridcc, the Srrcet continues for at Icaft a Mile Ktwceii Ple.ifi-rc-Honfes and Gardens, and at th.' end lie the Kings Pleafure-Hor.fes, and the great Garden called A^.trt',!'ii, which js three Miles long and one hr'iad : The Front is adorn'd with double rows of Balconies on the Street lide, and ex- cellent Paintings on the Garden lide ; at the four Anglis are four fine Towers, which overlor.k the <i.ir.'en, and thew delightful Cafcades, plenty of Iruit-titcs, Flowers, ihady Walks, Filh-ponds, Siiirniei-liorfes, and every thing that makes a Gar- den pleafant. And beyond this lies a Park ftock'd with wild BluIIs, among which ate Lions and Tygers. lo return into the Ciiy, the MeiiUn or great Square IS the belt Structure in lip.iian, 'twas built by Schah- .il'iis, and is a quarter uf a Mile long, and half fo nnich broad, fuirounded with very good Houfes, which have rows of Shops, under handfome Arches before them ; but the upper Windows are fair, and have full view over the Shops into the Square, to fee the Uivertifemcnts there frequently exercifed by the King and Nobility. The Meidnn is planted all round with Tr.-es, and has alfa a pretty Canal ear- ned round it in a Stone-trough. The King's Palace is cntrcd from the MeiiUn, it confifts of divers fquare Courts, furrounded with fair Buildings, wherein are large Halls and Chambers mod richly furnilhed, and fumptuoully adorned with Paintings, Gildings, C.. In the limits of the Palace (befides the King's Molque which is very fine, and another lefs one in the fame Court, which may be called his Family Chapel, fo which belongs a Fountain and large RUbn 10 wall) in as they go to their Devotion; ) flandsthc great Mofque called that of the five Gates, it IS reckoned the HncH in PajU having its Wall^fac'd with Marble live Fathom high, above »vhich they are painted.asi is the noble Cupola which the Roof rifes in- to, and richly (.'tided ; this Mofque was founded by S^'mh /tt:u, and Hnillied by Schnh Sefi. The Palace is a S.^nduary, and which is ftrangcthc firft Court isa- Iviiid ot Market, lor there are many Shops in it. ( ',.)/!<■//, and Torvenat. , l!p.ih/in is fcatcd in a very fiir Plain, (faith Oi-A^ius) furrounded with very high Mountains at about four Leagues dillance, in Lat. ^2 D. 26 M. The Mountain D:»nowfW lies to the South and South-wcA, and the Mountain Jei- Uk:Perjan to the North ; the wholii extent of t!if City and Suburbs is about eight Gennr.u Leagues, the City IS walled round and has n Gates, whcreol nine only are open, and it contains about ifiooo Houfes, and ttleaft 500000 Inhabitants ; the Rivet Sendeiu arifes in Mount Demnxvciid, and before a rcachci the City divides into two Channels, om whereof ialls into the Park, and the other is coi. veyed by Subterranean Pallages thro' the Roial Garden, and both together luns by the South'aii;; South-wclf fides of the City, and by Pipes the VVa ter of it is convey'd into the Houfes, which are alio pretty well lupplied by fralh Water Springs. The City abounds with Gardens, which the I'afiars jk cxpcniivc in, and adorn them with fine Ihadcd W alks, plenty of Fruit-trees and large .tountains, together with delightful Sumincr-Houfes conveniently placed iot taking the Air. The Bazar or MiUjh 1, 700 Foot t inv^nier la) s common Faces) long anil 250 broad, the Houfes round it are all uf Brick, aiU of equal heighih, the Shops vaulted. Before tht Court ftand ico Pieces of Canon which were brought tiomO/>Hij/, G/««//<' calls them firall Picc«, but Oiemlus fays, they carry j6 to j8 Pound-Rail ; and on the back fide of the Palace, Hands a Citadel called TuberickrKftie, which is Fortvtied with a Ram- part and feveral BaDions of Earth. The King's Sta- bles arc always tilled with the beft Horfcs, 1500 in number for the Service of himfelf and Family ; fome whereof as G'tmc'/fiteils us, are fed in Golden Mangers, are (hod with Silver: Two Horfes arc continually kept ready Saddled for the King's ufe, in cafe of a fuddcii Exigence. Near the Stables ftands the VMir Ksl-'»>>:i or AioM<ii-/ii/e,whichisa Pillar 80 Spans high and 40 in Compafs,built of the Horns fays Olcariuifli theSkulls fays (>'iW//i,of the Beafls killed in oneDay'shunting by Sclmh-Tam.'is. For Trade Ijpahnn may be reckoned to equal, if not exceed any City in Perfii, being rcforted to by divers Nations, 1 looo Indians inhabit hereto fell the rich Commodities of their Country,anJ 'tmk), Ji'^'y Titiun, ijrc. as alfo En^li/h, Duicn, Fiinch and Itaiinns arc fccn here, with the Commodities oi' their refpeflivc Countries. For Provifions, this Ciiy is fupplicd wi.il Sheep and Lambs from the Province of t^cnnan, with Rice from Kji"", with Wood and Charcoal from Ma:(itndtran, and with Wheat and Barley from Scljiiwaii. Thus have we given you an ample Account of Iff /than, and that too not by tran- fcribing old CoUeilors, but from the Mouths of no lefs than four Travellers, who are all acknowledg'd to be Men of Credit and Judgment, we Ihall now pro- ceed from the fame Authors tofpcak of theSuburbi. ^uipha or T^"!/-!, aiiho" reckoned a Suburb may be call'd another very good City, for it contains no lefs than 3000 Houfes, which may vie with the belt in IJ'p.ihan ; it is wholly inhabited by /(. menUm, who were tranfplanted thither by Scb/:l:-Ahs, and endowed with very great Privileges. Altho' the Town be fij large, its yearly Tribute is but 100 T»- mniis. (Oleariui) ^uj.t or Ginlf'a (fays Cimtlli,] lies beyond the River Sandtru, two Miles and half from IJpahati, the interjacent Ground being filled up , with Gardens and Pleafurc- Houfes ; it is nine Miles ; round, and is inhabited by ArmmUni only, tvho fettled there in the Reign of Schnh'Ahm, and by reafon of the profitable Trade they manage, ciijo)' , great Privileges, for they have peculiar Judges ot their own Nation to decide Civil Caiifes, and in Eccleliailical Government have an Archbilhop, aiiJ four Suffragan Bilhopsj but in Criminal Caufes, they I M fe T B R S I A. are lubjedt to the Pirjinti Judges. They arc the richcft Mni in I'ciji.i, and are the chief Mcrthant.s in all valuable Commodities, cfpecially Silk, and their Women arc very beaiitit'ul, Faftly, the Streets of X^uijf. arc larger and ncattr than thofc at IJpalhin, ha- Miig Canals in the middle, and rows oi Tfeeson taih lide The other Suburbs adjoining lo Ifpitlmn arc, 'rrhijnbnih, which was originally the Habitation of a Colony brought ficni i<ti){//d;, by Slm-Alai. lli^tf'uLiiii; whii.li IS inhabited b) GciirgianChii- jliani, who are Wealthv Merchants. I^ctkriath, or tl-.e Town of t)jc Kslhen or Gue- lici, who as wc have faid, arc the ancient Piy- jhu Race that worlhip Fire. They are Infidels lays Oleariia, and having nijthing fcfir.ii but the langiiaRC. liic Fields about iZ/ij/'/i" are low, and therefore «lily owitiowed in die Summer, and refrcnicd in the exctilive Htat during "jiinc and Ji///. The Air u very fircne and healthy, the Heat and Cold of almoft equal duration, and in the depth of Winter (he Frolt makes not an Ice of above half an Inch thick. There arc (fay's O'.atius) 1460 Villages ;ound about Ifpf.b.w, the Inhabitants whereof live cbictiy u()on the manufaduring Silk and WooJl. Ttjil, a large but ruinous Town i^o Miles didanc from Ijp.ilinn to the Eaft, Hands in a faiidy Plain not far from the Mountains, and is notable on account d the Colleges in it for Learning, and for a fort of pood Wine which grows in us Neighbourhood ; the Place is not very populous, but the Women are very beautiful, and the Hmployinent of the Inha- bitants is Silk-weaving. On the South oilir rtk,\ic thetwoProvinccsof Cf/t'- JISTW.V, which was the ancient Sujinna, and VAI{SIS- T.<.\,ivhich is the ancient fcijii. The limits of both on iheSouth being the Sea called the I'ofiiinUulfh. Altho' the extent of thelo two Countries be large, even no Icl.s than 400 Miles from Eaft to Welt, yet the heat of the Air and the fandynefs of the Soil, have made them fo little relbried to, that we cannot give the Reader the fame Accounts as we have done of the Provinces wc have palfed through. ChWSlSlA\ is bounded on the Weft by C.hal- It* and the River I'uffi-Tii^iii^ on the Eaft with l-4i- fijlaii, on the North with Ajjyria and I'm thin, and on the South with the Gulph of Bajfir^. The chief City, Siijler or Schoufler according to Tavenutr, and Tffier by Golius, is the ancient i'"/'i, which was the Winter Seat of the Pofu/i Monarchs, as Ecl'.ur.na was the Summer-Seat. It is a fair and large City fated near the Mountains on the River I'lVnii, or Mtheron -^emtirc which tails into the Inrin'^ at the (l.lhnce of f^o Miles from Ijfahnn to the South- weft, and near 100 from the Pfrlian-'Julph to the North, mentioned in Scripture by the name of Si ti- fr"'!, where M-njuau kept his great Feall, and where he chofe Hejlcr Qiicen. It was fo wealthy a Place, that Alexander found in it 5OCOO Talents of Gold, befides Silver and Jewels of incftimable va- lue. Sir Tl'o- Herbert fajs 'tis now lumed Ki/i/.ic or B.iW^r, and that it was deftroyed in the Year 641. and is now in Ruincs, he Names the River on svhich it ftands Chct/pcj ; but it mull be noted he reports this on hear fay not occular Teftimony. F.'ymw, another City anciently fo conliderabic as tu bear the title of oppUum oppiileiitiffmw in Sulp. >>'itrui. ScU, Taifiiinit, and A^r,i, were alfo Places "I Note in former times, but now palfed away. 73 Bender-Hjk^, 3t)il Betidti-lij^e!, two fmall Port Towns on the Ciolf, are lometimcs vilited by our Mariners. The former n'ltvcrnicr tells us, is but a forry Town of a few Filhers Huts, made of Hurdles, but is refortcd to in the common Voyige* from Bnljorn to l'crji.1, I' A US I S I' A K', the Ancient I'eila, lyes next on the Ealt. The places of chicfcft Note here are, Scira), one of the pleafanteft Cities in Per/lit, feated on the N. W. (ide of a fpacious Plain, inclofcd by lofty Hills, near the Banks of a River, which Wfi-ifr/ names A^/c, and the Maps WfiiicMiiV, in the 19D. lom. Lar. The City is about 7 Miles in compal's, walled in by VJJ'um Caflhiei, in 1470. TheHoufes are built of Sunburnt Bricks, well pro- vided with Gardens. There are i ^ Mofques, wliicli arc adorned with fine Gildings and high Spires, and a Colledgc, wherein is read Philofophy and the other Sciences, and is famous all over Perfia. The Gar- dens arc large and tieautiful, abounding with Ihady Walks, Oranges, Lemoi's, Pomgranates and other delicious Fruits. The Country about produces ex- cellent Vines, whence the Wine ois.hirai is the belt in Pf)///j, being llrong, dehcious, and very good to the Stomach, (Hol/ert.) Sch::^, is about two hours walk in Circumference, and has no Walls, but a forry Ditch only for it's Defence, fays Thevenot ; The Streets are fomcwhat narrow, except a few fair ones, with Canals in the midtt, of very clear running Water. There are a great many fair covei'd Bazars of Shops well filled with all forts of Indinn and Tur- kip^, as well as Pefiin Commodities ; and many large and well builr i'nrAvanJera's. The Mofques arc lovely ; and in the CollcJgc there are Profcllbrs who have S.ilaries for teaching the Sciences, and fays my Author {Thei'cnot) I was told there were above 500 Students in it. The chief pleafure of i'e./c.i/ is the Gardens whereof there arc many '< the King has a very fine one here, wherein arc the largelt and belt lliadcd Walks that can be teen, Fruit-Trecs and Flowers of the liicrt kinds in great plenty, and Wa- ter in Canals, C;ifcades, Bafons and other Fountains very Copious. The People of this Town are witty, and produce the bed Poets in I'crjja, they are skilful in making Glafs, and blow Bottles of very large (ize, even to 30 quarts, wherewith they furnilh the whole Kingdom. Their Wine is ftrong enough to carry two thirds Water, without fpoiling the Taft, it is fent to IJp^ihnn lind to India, in great quantities yearly. They have alfo Capers in plenty, which they pitkle and fend abroad ; and Rofes in abundance, whence they draw fo much Rofe-water, as to ferve all Indii:, In former times Schir,:, was govcrn'd by a Cham, who was the firft in Dignity in I'eijia, and hit Go- veniment reach'd as far as Lrt'-, Bender, and Ormui, and fo Wialvhy was this Cham in the Days of .'i'c/.,i/j-.//vrr, that the King fent to bid him Ipend a Mahmoiidi/'C( Diem kh, that there might be Ibme ditfcrence between thcni. But Shah-Sr/i reduc'd that Grandure by the Death of all the Family, and at prelcnt a Vizier only commands here, and pays the King out of the profits of it loooTomans/rr Annutn. IThrvemt.) The moft valuable things in .■'chi:.i-, are Wine and Women, whofe Beauty isfolranUendent, that it fervcs for a Portion. The Gardens arc not lefs delightful to the F.ye, for their long Rovrs ot Cyprefs Trees, than to the tafte for the variety and excellence of the Fruit. Thus the Mud Houfes being hid by the Trees, it looks at a diltance more like a Wood L of \'3 hi 74 •PERSIA. ¥ f ) of I s Milfs Cirrumfetcncc, than a Ciiy whofe In- habif3iirs, rcrkoiul loooo, need not fo laigcafpacc of 1 and tor Habitation The Kitig's (jatdcn is of the bdt in 'iJiira'i, but goes daily to Decay for want of due Reparation, a common fault m I'trjin. AhtiUt JO Miles Nonh-Eaft from SJjira'i are fccn the Ruiiu of the Ancient Pffrtolit, which in it's time was edccmcd the chief City of the Eall, and excelled all other Ci- ties in Glory and Worldly Felicity, lays Dioilorui ; the Wealth of it IS cvidcnctd in the cicat Plunder Alrx'-ndet's Soldiers made when he had taken it, ajiJ given it up to Oeftrudion in Rrvensc fur the many Cities of Qteace delUoycd by lUni'crJinni ; and by the Treafare he himfcll fcized on, which amounted to 1 10 ihoufand Talenis in Silver and Gold. The Citadel, which uas the Kind's Palace, wasaStru- StMTC of fnch fiirfrizing Magnificence and Beauty, that perhaps no Buildinn ever exceeded it. It Hood, on a rocky Hill, and took up 50 Acres of Ground, and was liirroundcd, fays 0(W. i'ni//. with a Triple Wall, tlie firlt whereof was 16 Cubits high, the fecond double that height, and the inner one 60 C;u'.iitshij;h, built of the ftionBeit Marble, it was four fquarc, and had on each fide brazen Gates. On the Ead fide ilood a high Mount, wherein were the Sepulchres of the I'efi.in Kings. The Halls apd A- partmcnts of this Palace, were mofufcly large and lofty, the Walls of them embellifhcd with noble Carvings, fome whereof ftill remain to tcftifie its ancient Pomp, and the Cedar roofs Ihoiic with Gold, Silver, Ivory and Amber. The Kings Thtonc w.is of pure Gold, adorned with Pearls ami precious Stones, and the Furniture of the Chambers lo excef- (ive rich, that nothing could exceed it, the Bcdrtead being of pure Gold, befet with Oems and every thing clfc proportionate. But its glory did but pro- cure its Deftruiftljn, for at a great Feart which .llc.\. andcr held in it, T///j» the Atlienian Ciirtcfan propofcd it to the King, then heated with Wine, as a noble Exploit, to burn this fine Palace, which he readily agreed to, and led the way with a Firebrand, which wasfecondedbyT/i(i«, and followed by all the young Grecinns, which foon reduced this pompous Palace to a heap of Ruins, as it has ever fincc continued; Thus fell I'erfrfolii, which had for fevcral Ages been the feat of the PerjUn Monatchs, giving Laws to many Nations, and being long the Terrour of the drccif.ns. The Ruins of it (as very particularly De- fcrilied by Sir Tho. Herbert, who vilited it in the year, 1626. by Thcvetiar, in 1665. and by GimcBi in 1 (-94.) do fully jiiftify the ancient Accounts of it, fcr the little of it that is (landing, ihew what the rcll mud needs havelicen, the lofty Columns declare the hcighth of the fallen Roof. The Stairs whofe ftcps are 30 foot long, Ihew the Apartments it led to, were valtly greater than any thing we fee now adays ; III (hort, the Ucfcriptions given by thefe three Au- thors will give an Idea of the Grandeur and Beauty of this Palace, to which we muft refer our Reader, as not having room to be fo particular. Thefe Ru- ins arc now called by the Peifinns, Tfiheil-^4i)ntr, the River near it, which D/W. calls /Iraxn, is now called Beniinnir, and a large Town which ftaiids about, where the old City flood, is named Mirl^u- I I'mn, (ays Vhevtnot. The Dominions of I.AH^ and O mw, are by fomc icfcrreJ to this Province, and by others to Kjmwan, They wereanciently feparatc States, bntnow unitf j to the Crown, the firft together with Sn'm/, wli .|c lad L)uke had ^oiiqucr'd Itir, and the latter 111 ii^ij by Shn-Abai. t//^, is both a City and ProMncc within thtet days journey from the I'trfian Gnlph. The Province is about I no Pharafang over, and was for foine t;riic a Kingdom. The City is large, but has futfeni! jy Earth.juakcs, wherein at fomc times 500 Houfc, Jiu at other times jooo Hoiifes have been ourwhelm- fd. Here is a itroiig and ftatelyCaftle, luilt 01 .Stone, whichcommands the Town and N.ighboui- ing Country. It is ufually well vid>ualled. aniUus an Armoury fiiffieicnt for 3000 Men. In the Town thw- Bazar is a noble Building, of a white chalii; Stone, covered over head, and filled with Slioi> Here arc many Mofques, in one whereof is buried ^ Prophet, whom they very much venerate. Alilio the Country hereabouts be nf a fandy Soil, it yield. variety of Fruits, and clpccially Dates; for the Palm tree will flourilh in the drycit of their gtound. Provifions here are good, but the Water is bad and fcar^e, for they have little elfc than Kam- water, which falling but (eldom, and therefore kept lonp, putrifics and is unwholfo nc. The Inhabitaiiis art 1 mixture of Jexft and Mnhi'mria'ii, who are molt cl them blear-eyed, and troubled with fore Legs, frou the badncfs of the Water, and heat of the Ciimatc. {Herbert.) The City contains 4000 Houlcs, buijiof Brick, but has no Walls nor Gates, the way to tht Caftli' is cut out of a Rock, and is (o narrow, ihit fcaice twoHorfcscan go abrcaH. {Mr.ndelfl .) The levcs here exercifc a Silk Maniifaitiury, and the In- habitants make the bell Mufquet-barrclli atid Gim- powdcr. The Chan's or Governmirs Houl'c is a line Building, and the Bazars arc fair and large. 'Uw- tiin.) The (.'(ififfi were Matters of /.rti-, when 11 was a feparatc Kingdom, but thole being firlt Con- quered by the Dukes of St hi) m, and the Dukts cf Scl'ir^i, being as we have faid, reduced by Shu-Siji, (or as others by Sha-/1b,ii) the Kingdom fell into the Crown, and compofes a Province now called (Ihenini, and is governed by a Chan who refidcs in the City, Seignior Gimelli gives us a much ditfereni charadler of the Caflle than the three other we have quoted, namely, that altho' it Ifands upon the Hill, anil com- mands the Town, its Walls arc very ruinoui and deftitute of Cannon. L/ir, Hands in the .'9th Deg. of Lat. about 100 Miles S. E. fiom iihirji. OI^MVS, an Iflaiid 30 Miles in circuit, lye( in the inidft of the I'afir.n Sea or Gulph, for on Perjlt it is but two Leagues from the Shore, and uii the AmUan fide but three or four Leagues from that Coaft, and therefore abfolutely commands the Trade into it. Itisarncky Soil, and deltitute of all re- celfaries except Salt, wherefore it was polfcired un- 1 envied by its own Kings for many Ages, till i)k Purtii^ueT^e having planted thcmfelves in InJia, dif- covered the convenient Scituation of this Ifland for Trade, and therefore by the force of their Fl«:i under the conduiit of Albujuertjue, took footing 111 1 it, and fi) fortified thcmfelves, that it was not in the I power of the King to expel them, fo that he liv"l their Vallal, and fwore AllcgiatKe to the Kinijtil Portugal, and was allowed a finall Cuftom tor hisl Maintenance, which beiue a better Revenue ihiijl hill I had formerly Kings liv'd ( polfcls'd it til an Army agaii ded the Unflif i proniife of t very great imii Iclt MaAer ol The Reward h Ciltcnisof G/i thrm 400QU /. ilie (Jreat A ' '/i "If only ■:jo I 10 Wealiliy „e Hollies, and in nneft in W/;>. Gunbrit) , oil ib4-/iliiii'i Put, and Sk>-/ilat wa ^fOllRht the Trai l-ii'ljl.m )uft ov ftriight which th wnient Haven, t From a fmall Vil of Ormm, it 1^ gr tells ui, it may h Pt'Jit : for th-" n venifnt lituation fi Ships and CiJiavar Bizir, the two I- Merchants, wiih 1 wsys ercdled on th 'he Town is fortifii Me, (Thivenoi.) ar doubt fays Hetbti. they have neither ( Wf, which makes 'htre only in Winti Nieuhcjf, who ?|VM us this accoJ the 27 Deg. Nor.ll Mountain, prodiicil ingtwoCalHeiforf ftions on the Sca-£ Isnd.fidc. The Vm iNiilt of Loom, witl Wriving the Air, 1 nwtime. The Stl wredbyihepromiiT StO'iM. There is J of all other Proril Siftember, ia very I oMt, occafioned as] 'ying on the Sou* whence the Sun bi force, and the Win! WW, from hUnL \ theheit, and makJ ixxh Men and Beai in the Winter Mon, PMt J for in OAf^ Ihoufand Men an/ H'!''! »nd Per/it i which bring in hitb] ' tm not uniwire, ihai "M.ffcrcfAiisit.fcfflnT i riN.ii T E R S I J. had fomncrly belonged to that fmall Crown, * the King! liv'd contented ; and the I'ortu^ucji quietly pollelVd it till King ^/i/i-W&^; in tile year i£i2. fcnt an Army againft ihi-m : and at the \xme. time perfwa- (!(d the I'.fifli/h to allitthini with ihcir Shipping upon 4 prrmifcot' giving them theFortrcli, together wiib very great immunities ; with that help hemadehim- fcit Mailer of their Fort, and quite dilmantled it. The Reward he pave the hn^lijh, was one half of the Cillunuof Gumhtoon, whK ii for 50 years, yielded ihrni 400Q0 /. per Amiuni, ■'W in the Wars againd ihe(ircatA' v, ibeCani,iiiy fold ic, and refcrv- iiif only ^o I. fer Ai.num. 'X\m I'oiiugue^e grew 10 Wealdiy lere, ilut they builc molt fumptuous Ituul'es, and in that nine the Town was one of the iineft in W/;/». Ctwhiii , otherwile named, Btntici-zihfjJ}, i. e. iU-rllmi't i-'oif, for Bfi.Hi' in l'c\Jitn lignities Port, and Sht-Alai was the Pr rfon who by dcllruying Ormui koiiRht the Trade to it : is feated on the coaft of huri.jl.m }u{\ over againi) Omim, in the narrow Araight which that Iflar^ : -^ikes, and is a very con- venient Haven, the be(i the 1 •tjian has, [i)». Herbert. From a fmall Village as it was, before the icducAion of Ormw, it IS grown lo conl'iderabJe, that Heibeit tells ui, it may be ranked with the belt Towns of ?erf,ii : for th-' it be ftiU lut a fmall place, us coii- venifnt fiiuation for Trade, brings a gic.it refort oi Ships and C'iiuvans. There is one pul>l:i.k Gate, a BiMr, the two Houfci of the Enj^lijh and Dutch Merchants, with the Standards of each Nation al- ways eredled on them, of hamlfoin Strudure, and the Town is fortified with a Imall Fort on the Sea fide, (Thivenot.) and two CaiiK'S belides that Re-- doubt fays Herhtrt. The Ciinnate is fo hot, that they have neither Grafs nor Herbs in the Summci tioir, whiclimaketall Strangers fly it, and remain ihtre only in Winter. Nieukf, who was there in the year, 1661. piH us this account of G^m on. It is feated in the 27 Dcg. Nor. Lat. at the foot of a barren fandy Mountain, proditcing neither Grafs nor Trees, hav- ing two Caltles for its defence, and three Itonc Ba- ftions on the Sca-lide, but a fifigle Wall only on tbe Ltnd-fidc. The Hoofes are of ordinary Strudlvue built of Loom, with fquare Tutiets for the better receiving ths Air, on which they fleep in the Sum- mer time. The Streets ire narrow and almoft co- vered by the prominency of the Hoiifea in their upper Stories. There is great fcarcity of Water, but plenty of all other F^ovifions. The Air, from Mt; till Siftmber, ia very unwholfomc thro' the cxccdivc hnt, occafioncd as we may fuppofe, by the Towms lying on the South fide of the barren Mountain, whence the Sun beams are rctleAed with double force, and the Winds litting always Wed or South Weft, from March to Sefiemier, do rather incieaic the heat, and nnake the Air fo ftifiing, thai it ki^ boih Men and Beafts. The Trade is ail Tianla(.^c4 in the Winter Kb>nths» during which time it is very great ; for in Od^tr, Caravans conGfting of many ihoufand Men and Bcafis, arrive here from TmkTi, Btgdat and Ptrfit, alfo very many Ships £toin India, which bring in hither the rich Goods of their re- 7^ |i)cftivc Countries, all which, together with the Pearls taken at Buhmev, are here Ixjughi and fuld. The I'alm-tree, Uing the only Plantthat willHounlh in this dry Soil, Dates arr iifed in Head of Bread by thcliihabitams : They have alfo plenty of Sheepand Goats, Hares, Pidgcons and Partridges. The Pc'/Mw Govcrnoiir refidinghcrr, lives ingtcatSplcn dour. UenderCmio, feated on the fame Coaft 10 or ji I eaguts Weft from Gombron, is alfo a notable Port ; for the Ships from ludin, Bi^/for/t, /I'^bia-FcHx, iml other para, arrive there with the CJoods of their refpcaivc Countries, which makes iheTrade of this place very great, and therefore the Town inhabited bv rich Merchants. It is an open VilLigc, and the Houfes of Miidd Walls ; wherein .t Dtroga relidis, to Adininifter Juftiic, .ind an Otficer called Scia- <'««(/?/• to collcdl the Umies, w ho Farms the Cuftoms of this Port, Ci'owf c« and another fm.ill Port adja- cent, at xoooo 1 iiians^:i Annum. Aftn the furren- derof Ornius, the Porm^iu:: (o obftrudttd the Na- vigation of this Sea, by the Fleet they kept in it, that the Pe fmn King was obliged to lonipoimd with them, iiid agreed to pay thin, hall' the Cuftom of this Port, and five Horfes every yi aras a Tribute, and withal allow them to have a Houfe here with thiir Standard on it, wherein an Officer refides tu receive the fatd Tribute, and 11 ecu lomans pe> Annum, which they have (iiice agreed on, as an e- quivalent for the half Qiftoms. Moreover, they were exempted from the Severities of the Muhoinrtan Law, granted power over all Chriftians dwelling here, and other Priviledgcs. Altho' the Air is ex- celfivehor, and they have no Water but what they fave inCifterns when it rains, yet Trade invites fo many people hither, that according to Cimdli there are 10 joo Inhabitanfi One great Addition to the Trade of this Town that it \s the Market for Pearls caught at the lflandfi.)/j/iren and other placet in the PcfanGulph. (Gimetti) The Irtand B/fH.:fK^:.V lies near the North-Eaft Coaft of Aral>if.-?eH.r, in the miJ-way l-"Avecn B.i/- fertt and Ornim. Thelargclt.briphtch, roundeft and moil truly Oriental Poarls are found here. They Fifh for them twice a year, th« i«, in the Months of Au^n/l ind September,, Many Boats with Divers go out at tint Seafort, and work every Day Eight or Ten Hours, in which time they fetch up abundance of Oyfleis, and in moft of them Pearls. So great 3 nuantity of Pearls arc caught here, that Gimelti (ays, the Filnery yields iioooo Crowns^fr Annmv. Nitui>cffUys, the Profit is ^occooDucan aye.ir, befidet what the Officers lliare j and that the Filhcry begins in June,, and ends with Au^nft. Keckjniflie, an Ifland of three Leagues in Circuit, about fu Leagues diftant from Onmn, (or two Leagues in Circuit, and three Leagues from Otmus, as Nieuhtff) is noiaMe for its Fertility, hearing plenty of wheat and Barley, with which it fupplies Ormuf, and hath alfo a good Spring of Water. (T<f- vernier and Niculuff.) Litra:^a, another fmall Ifland near Ormm, altho" of fandy Soil, is weU Inhabited, and has ftore of Deer on it. m * I im not unawire, ihit Kiuhf i»tUnn\M ICiaaiohairc h'.tn • mod powerful and weilihy I'rince, pofleirmg not only this IDimt, but all^< ilir|e pinof l»ih P<T/!jinJ««r«*ij. But 1 am iivJincd to btlicre, ilw Ainhjitook it upon truft) tor 'tif more prohible, that Onniu Ihoulii « t^jtlX 10 ih; Dukn of Lv. who ii wr hive told you. were conMctiNe Prliww, ih«o thitihe King of lb Inull »nd buien sn Wind flunil J MMiAcrorvisinAiffldgnitacgafua&ir, wiik odW'l^'inirctof r>i/i<, which MMt>f ■•kcilMUt of hiiOaminiom. L> Bcfot* 16 T E R S I J. I ■!? Before wc proceed, it will not be impcopcr to add a word or two conv.'erning the i'Hl{ShiS (.VLl'H, or Sea of Kicuif, u'n hai been I'ometime called, which i> a lar|;c Bed of Water, lying between the Coafls of I'ej'.'. and //M/ii<t-F-/(Ar, about so League* wide in the middle part, biitcontraiSing narrow to a quarter of that breadth at the two tndi. It commented in the Weft, in the 63 Deg.of Longitude, from the Gulph of b.ijfiirj, which iitnade by the influx of the two great River* Buphmtet and Tigris United; and ex- tendi fcaftward lo the7j Deg. I.on^. where Cape Mueu, a promontory of the ProNince I'udan/i in Arxbii-Fclix, by ilretJiiog forward into the Lat. i$. Dep. (o. M. fliutsitupintoaMouthof not above II I;eiguesovcr, near the middle whereof as we have faid thelfland O'mi'J is feated, and with the other two Ill.inds abovcmentioned, intirely command the Paffage. There are divers other Iflinds in it both on the Wrdiun and on the i'r'y'''" Coaft, but none of them, except thofc abovementioned, are confi- dcrable enough to iKcd Uefciiption. But to rctiun to Land. The ProviiKC of KJIRI^^IAK otCf.rtimaniti, lyej next to Faijiflan on the F.aft, having the /IriibitnM on the South, Si^ijinn on the Eaft, and a Uefart on the North. The Country is Mountainous, and the upper grounds Barren, but the Valleys are reafonably 'Fertil, and yield variety of odoriferous Flowers, cfpecialiy Rofci in great plenty, which affords a profitable emplovmcnt to the Inhabitants, who Diftill them, and fell the Water to Ijp/ihtn. Here is alio found a Drui which is a Sovereign Antidote againA Worms. The Province is large, but the greatell part of it is a barren Defart. {o:earim. ) The Caurii or AiKient i'tijiam, that adore Fire, in- habit this Province. T*t/crnicr. The chief Places here are Kj>m»n or C/irtimania, the Capital, is 3 good Town where Cloath of Gold is wove, and the belt Scymitart are made. Tnvtmier. tells us the Sliecp of this place bear the fineft Wool in the World, which they (hed after eating new Grafs. An Eanhen Ware is made here, hardly infeiiour to the Clnna porcelain. Darnhegetd, the ancient P<i/7"og(«r</«, where was the Sepulchre of the Great C)tw, is reckon'd one of the chief Cities, Btrmafir, Bijir, Bem,Cljo*ii J »nd Tixirtft,ttetam- cd by Oltarius, as chief Cities oF this Province, within the Limits whereof alfo (land Jnfjuti, a fmall Port Town fometime pofleiled by the Portuguese, who built a Fort on it, but in i£i). the £n;;/i/b expelled them, and delivered it to the I'eifian. ( Htrbert. ) And Guadet another fmall Port ; as alfo 4imu\n, whence Ormui isfuppofed to be denominated. On the Eaft of Ks^man to the Mou mains, which divide Ferfia from India, lyes the fmall Province of hlAKJil^AN, part of the aiKient Gtdrofia ; but is commonly included in Kjrmnn, and the geiKral Ac- counts of Travellers omit 'the DiftiixAion ; Tlie Caurea, or l.men River, which rifci in the Mountains of Sirifitirr, palfes thro' the middle of this Province, and nlh into the Sea. Pifir, which may be fuppofed to be the Bifir mentioned by Oleariui, feems to be the chief CitV; altho' Macran a fmall Town nearer to the Sea, gives name to the Land, and Geji it by others, teclioned the Capital. SlGl^T.IS, which is the ancient Dungun,,, Iy,i on the North of Mnkfrun, having StbluiUn lor iti Northern Bounds ; the Mountains of Inii* on the E.ift, and the Uefart of drtrntninon the Weft, It is .1 Mountainous Country, and no ways nut able enough to invite Strangers into it. ' lis (rue, the Road by Land from Ptrfia to Jnditi, lyci thw' this Province, but the Country is fo Barren, Moun cainous and Sandy, that few Travellers care to venture it : but choofe rather to go by Sea. Sit^ijUn, the Capital City, is by lome reprcftntfd as a good Town, but no particular account of it 11 to be found among Travellers, and fo we muft pafs it over. Phmdog, the ancient Prefthafm, faid by Amianui MatciUtnui, to be a rich City, is by Dr. Wi7/in fuppofed to be ftill conliderable. Camulun, KfHf Fjidan, M/i/wgian, Mtjmah and Hatm, arc fct down by Geographers, u the names of chuf Towns in this Province. S/IBLVST/IN, the ancient Parofamijfm, lyes ntii to Sigfftitn on the North, extending Ealtward to the FrontieH of Indin. 'Tis a Country fo covered with barren Mountains, and fome of thofc fo high, u 10 hide the Sun-light from the Valleys ; and withil [') little produdivc of any thing beneficial to Mankind, that it has always been a place of fmall Habitation, and very little vifited. Piacei named, as chief Towns of this Province, itt Bujl, bcckstiittih, /libit and SAvena^. On the Eait oi Sabluftan, l)es the Province of CANDAHAl{, the greateft part of which is Subjed to the Great Mwul. But the chief City, after diven Revolutiont.hathfor the laftHundred years bees Sub- iedl to the King of Pofin.Tht Province was a fmall Kingdom, and its Prince fo wealthy, as to have all his Utenfils of pure Gold, but the great Neighbours of Peifia and India always contending for it, the lad King was fain to funender, and put himfelf under the ProteAion of the firfian, with condition however, that he and his Race Ihould be perpetual Governours. Candahar, the chief City of the Province to which it gives name, is a populous and wealthy Place, by reafon of its being a ftaple of Trade between Pvfm and India, the Merchants of both Nations, and evra thofe of Tartary and Turkty rcforting hither, to vend their refpediive goods, but the Town it felf affords no commodities of ufe or value. Being a Frontier, it is very well guarded, having a flrong Caflle, feated on a Rock, in the middle of the Town, and on the South and Eaft, it is defended by a flrong Wall, but on the Weft, it needs no better defence than Nature has given, to wit, mighty Rocks. Sba-Abai, left to his Grandfon Sha-Sefi. the peaceable poflelCoii of this City, but in his time, Alimerdan l^an. Son of the laft King, being Go^e^ i»ur, delivered it up to the Great Mtgii/. Sha-ill/fi. II. recovered it in 1650. and kept it, altho' 5>>'- Jehart, the great hikgul, with an Army of jgocoo Men, attempted to regain itin 1651. Not had ihe future Sieges better fucceb, andtbePf/inftiU holds it. (Tavtrnitr.) C:iOI(.ASSAN, the ancient Aria and B/<a;u, lyej on the North of Sabluflan and Sigejhr. Tli > is A populous and fertil Country, and one of mc moft confiderable in Perfii, according to vm riui. It produces the beft Manna in the World, and bath a Rock of the Tmquiii Stone, lo es^d li'tn, Ifnt that the Kin ftlt. The chief 1 IUr.it or F.rat (iital, is very 11 wuh a gooii W, the River nigli quite round the mi, tin ; it is a foried to by In (jiclleiit Tapilli imm the great iieiglilourhood. an3 even 13 Mil AJf/.ii,/, Mfl feated at a gnoJ lie At, is furroii Itaiid 300 Towe the Mimumcnt Saints of the Fai Beauty is faid to Kichniour, a go Turqiioifc-Stonei iiiahei-mrfjinam eminent for the S ire alfu in this F Trade and very of them is not cc FMAH^Al) istherroft Nortl River -'xui or J from I'artary. It ccpt near the Ba Ariai whi^'h run rrn, but in that 1 tile and Pleafaot, magnitude. Th fimi and Tartaij. Tii/ibad, feral in the North par of a frefti Water felted on the ot the ancient Aie^ nam'd as the feated on the Ri With which w bavii^ hereby br tary, we (hall d before we enter more proper, govem'd by Pri wc muft firft tal lies between Tan The CAS PI elfewhere faid near its Banks; o denomiiuted as Province Hytcani walhes, is a ve rounded with Efflux, and is tl Lake. Seated b of North Laiitud of Longitude. i" E a s 1 J. Irnt that the Kin? allows none to be fold but to him- leif. The chief Citifs here are, Htm t or F.rar, othcrwife named Sri Ai->^i the Ca- pital, if very ftrongly lituatcd, bcini; fuiroundcd wiih a gooil ^V'all and dcrp Channels, or rather ihc River ni)(li which it lUndi, deduced and led quite round the City, the Work as 'tu laid of Jr.. mf\..iin ; it is a Place cf very good Trade, being ro- fi)ricd to by Indiait Merchants. They make iicre uicllejit TapilUy, and abundance of Rofc-Watcr, tiiim the great qti.iniity of Rofcs growing in the uci^hlouthood. ( Oi .vim.) The City is very large, (III) even 13 Miles inCirciimfcrence as fomc report, Mtjihiil, Mffcb.i: or Mexai, called alfo i'hui, feated at a goo J didance to the North- welt from \U/ir, is fmroiinded with a noble Wall, whereon Itiiid 300 Tower? I'ayii I'exeira. A City fainoui for ihc Miinumcnt of Imnn-Hjyi, one of the 1 1 PerjUn Saints of the Family of H.i'y, which in Wealth and KeautY is faid to eaual that of Sclieieh Sefi at Ardebil. KiclmUiir, a goodly City, near which the excellent Turqiioife-Stoneiare found. I'hun, tonbeikfliki, and ihdcs-mrfjinam are all confidcrable Towiu, and nnlnent for the Silk Manufadlory. {Olenriui.) There ire alfu in thiit Province many other Cities of good Trade and very I'opulous, but the particular State bf them is not come to our knowledge. liST/lli/IUAD together with K.HOBMVS, is the mod North- eatt part of Pfr/M, extending to the River .'.kus ot Jihun, which divides this Kingdom imml-trtary. It is a Mountainous Country, and ex- cept near the Banks of the two Riven Mtrguli and Arits which run thro' it , the Soil is fandy and bar- rrn, but ill that part 'tis plain Champain Land, Fer- tile and Pleafant, producing Grapes oi a wonderful magnitude. The Inhabitants are a miature of Ptr- film and Taruij, whofe chief Citiesare, Tiiv)/'4.y, fenbad, or Ftrbdr the Capital, feated in the North part of the Province, near the Banks of a frclli Water Lake named Snhactmber. Maiutre, felted on the other tide of the lame Lake. India n, the ancient /ilextindrin.MnttiMit, by Dr. lUjlin nam'd as the Capital of tne Province. ^Mcbai, feated on the River Mitrgnb, Dtmlfiim and 4mul, With which we finirti out Account of Ptifia t and liavir^ hereby brought you to the Frontiers of Tnr- tuy, we Oiall choofe to furvey that Great Country, before we enter Indi* and Cliina, which will be the mere proper, in regard that both thofe Empires are govem'd by PriiKes who came from thence. But we muft firft take notice of the Ca/piait'Sea, which lies between Tartarj and Per/in. The CA5PIAN-SE4, Co called as we have eifewhere faid from the C<ijfj>ii, a Nation dwelling nearits Banks} orotherwife HTli^C ANIAN-SBjI, denominated as we have alfo told you from the Province Hpcania now Mn^andertn, whofe Shear it tvafhes, is a very large Bed of Waters quite fiir- rounded with Land, and deftitute of any known Efflux, and is therefore by foine Writers ftiled a Lake. Seated between the 9 9th. and the 46th. Deg. of North Latitude, and between the 69th. and 77th. D. of Longitude. It was formerly rcprefcnted in the 77 Maps as of Oval form, rxteauiiig uu Leagues from F.all to Weft, and no from North to Somh ; Bni modern obfervations have difcover'd that tn Form, It nearer approaches an oblong S(|uarc : Whofe longelt fide is from North to South ; which accord- ing to Oletrius is iio .GoniAii Leagues, and its breadth from Fall to Weft 90 of ihe ume Leagues ; on the Weft it is bounded by Ciunjfta and SJiiiwtin ; on the Eaft with EjUrabAd and the Vibf-TiHtari ; on the North the >itgiiyim-J. 11 t.in ; and on the South CiUn and Mitxnnderan, two Frovjnces of Ptr- fit. The Perfi.tm call this Sea KmIP""! ot orher- wife the Sea of Bikji. It receives the great River HUgo, which it felf is like a Sea for largcnefs, and near 100 other Rivers into its Bofoin, and yet is never encrcafed or diminilli'd ; nor is it oUferv'd tu Ebb or Flow. This conftani Plenitude has given rife to many Speculations, and Conjetlturers iniagin<* it muft neceffarily have .Subterranean Cotnm<*:iica- tionwith either the BluckrSt/i, ahho' that be 120 Lcagueidiflant, or with the Pcrfian-Gulph, which is near loo Leagues from it. For the lait Opinion Fa- ther Avrill a modern Traveller brii^s this Proof, namely, thai near the Coafl of K.?''"* tb^i'e >' in the CafpiM-Ua, a mighty Whirlpool which fucks every thing in tliat comes neat it, and confcquently a Cavity in the Eaith there ; and in the Pcrfitn' Cuifh there are found to flow on the Waters, a great quantity of the Leaves of Willow-trees, but no Wil- low-tree grows any thing neat that Sea, and very many are feeii on the Cafpif-n ; therefore they are carried by Subterranean paflage from this to that ; it does not coiKern ine to refute or confirm this Opi- nion, and therefore Ihall leave it as I find it, with this remark only ; vi^. Since the Opinion of the Cafpian-Sea'i communicating with fomc other, u taken up chiefly on the account of the continual equal fulnefsof its Waters, it will be worth while to conftder more attentively the quantity of Vapour, that muft be drawn up by the Sun in that hot Cli- mate, which will be callly computed, if you confult the Difcourfe on this SubjcA, written by that very Judicioui and Accurate Naturalift and Mathemati- tician Mr. Edmmd Hality, extant in the Philof. TranfdH. and then conflder whether the infliu of the Riversbe more than Tantamount. The Water of it is as fait as other Sea-Water, notwiihftanding the old Opinion to the contrary, asO/rdriuintTures us: Neither is it of a black Colour as fome have repre- fented. It has many IQands on it, but none large 01 inhabited, except one cumed Eujil tiear Vt^rabat, where a few Hutu only are built for the Fifheruien that inhabit it. This Sea has various kinds of Fiih, (notwithftanding the old Opinion that there was but one fort, and that of monftrous form.) as we arc af- fured by Oleariui from Occular Teftimony, Laftly, the bcft Havens in it are that near Tirlfi, which is' made by the Ifland T^««^i«i and the Land of Circaf fia ; that near Mfnkjj'chiai in T,trtary, and thofe of Bikf in Schirmtn, Lenkfran and Pembui, both in Ma:(.tnderan or Tabarijiatt, This Sea is very little Navigated except by Ctjfaek. Rovers, who Pillage all they meet. j pm m TAaXARY. 7B I' ')V TARTARY Pa jr. t or China riv-^^W. JE A 5 T £ R. Nr^^X^ R. T JCm-imm JltimSi^'i)' \«.A Mill StM. ■* I '-*-► Great TARTARY Tlw Ifla erf lAPON Ill J;iUi f /^ lo i j; r lARTARY, called the Grand r/\rhiry, to dillinpuifti it from the Idler Tartary in V.wofe, ol which nc have fpoken, Is the Ancient SCTTHIA and SEl{lC.i. I do not reckon in the 5a m^tia here, altho' that be generally include J in the bounds of Tattnn, bccaulc we have alicady fpoken of that part of Tnuttry, which it compolcd in treating of Wi(/iorr, and the Dominions of die C^ir to whom it is fubjcft. In that parr we carried out Reader beyond the great RiwcrOi;, wbicii i» jf»nei»fly retko»M iheBoundof of iiumfCi and b^ivuig alio there Ipoken of the Kingdotn of ^hnckim in the i>outh : The liaiitJ of Tattaj we are now to Ipeak to, is reduced oo a fmaller extent than the common computations ol Geographers make it. Moreover the miflake in the computation of Longitude, which wc fpoke of iii tiic Preface, beinjjnow Corredcd, the extent of Tiir- t.vy Kaltward is much contraiiled ; fur whereas tlic old Maps made the Coall of i/K/n^ extend Ea'l- warn M'l r A R r A K¥. ward to the iSoth. beg.of LonRitude.bur xf we com- ply witli the Modern Coiredkions, it cannot be al- lowed to e«rcnd to above the i joth. or»t» moft the i6oth. Deg. Longitude. So that amidft the various and confusM Accounts, the bcft we can ai^rce with, as being moft confonant :o thi: ObftTvations, is that which places I'artary Ui- twcen the 7^th. Deg. and the i6oih. Degree of Lon- (iitude, and between the 4.pth. Deg. and the Both. De- tree ot Latitude, which makes about 4000 Miles in length, and 2400 in Breadth, and is agreeable ;o Ci\r;cti:is, who makes it 1000 Grr/njn Leagues 'ong, mid 600 broad. Dr. Iic)itn indeed makes it 5400 Miles long, but ilun he rocs fo far Wcftward, asto include thi- lelier J'.-)7.)r», which is part of Ewoft, and fo not ti be ci.r.lidei'd here. The Soil nf a Country fo la ge cannot be told in a fingle Character, the Ciiiiate is fo different, that to be lure tlie Produd;. ot the Earth mult be various: But accordinj^ to the belt Accounts, the Southern p.insof it would be t'ruriul if duly cultivated. 'Tis true even there the land is much encumber'd v tl. Mountains, and furiher upward much more, fo ti.f upon the whole we hear of no profitable Commo- dity brought from thence, but Rjiubmh, which it ieeins grows very freely here. ' I'hc People are an otffpiing of the Nonhetn Scy thiMi, who came down Southward about ^c o Years ag», and like the Goths in Euroft, andiheSrt>-/i;;«;jrin .,4/Vif4,carri'd all before them. They conquer d ?erfu md a great part of Afm-Minor^ as wc have already mid you, and tho' they were beaten thence, they forced their way Weft ward and eftablithcd a Mo- narchy in thcTrt«r(cii Chajonefus, which has continued above 300 Years. They are of Ihort fquallcd Sta- tures, broad faced, fallow Complexion, and of moft rude and barbarous Behaviour. They eat the Ene- mies they (lay in Battle and drink their Blood in Civ lufings ; their .omniun Food is the FIcth of Horfe or o'.her Beaft eaten raw, and their beft Drink Mare's-Milk. 'Tis faid, rhc Cows here will not ftand to be milked while they have Calves, and when they have none they are dry, which may be the reafon of the Ufe of Mare's-Milk. They are ftrongof Body, fwift of Foot, viiiilant in time of Service, and patient ui>der the Fatig'tes of Hunger and Cold. They fcorn Agriculture, and laugh at hitrcptnni for feodin,"^ on Corn, at the expciicc of fo much Labour. T.-.-ir Wealth conlifts in Cattle, and their E:npIoymt,>,t in Grazing. They fo far oontcin': a lix'd Habitation, that 'tis a Curfe with them, riy you live in the fame P/.icc, till she StcncI' of yourcwn Dung offtiut )on: Wherefore they never build Towns, nor even repair thofe they gain in their Cori- qucft ; thoy excrcif'" no Manufaiitare, nor maintain any Traffick except in Slaves and Horfes, whereof they fell great nu:nbers into Turl;y and I'cilin ; and for that reafon in Plundering an lincmy, they make inoft of the Children which they are lure to carry off, and in this Trade their Barbarity extends to the Sale of their own Children, and thofcof their Neigh- bours that they can fteal. In Rehgion they w^:re o- riginaliy Pagans, as the Northern Inhabitants ftiil are, but in their Iiicarlions into iurl(^y, they became M-i- hmct/ini, and fo a great part of them ftill arc. Chfijii.tnity was Planted in Schythia in the Apoftolick Age, by St. AnJ fw and St. Philip, and had l.irge tooting there before the Tan^n came down and o- vcrthrew it ; there are ftill ChriJJinn, among them, but very ignorant, ajnd coriuptcd with the Herefic qf Neflorius. 19 They Rove about in Hords or Clans with Cart.; foi their Baggag;, and Tents for their Mabitatiiii', which they pitch where they tind a gooc* <, ot of Pa- fturc, and when that iseaien up fc-nov lO mother. Such a Generation you may luppofc ■"■' not under very regular Government ; but as the moft r"de Nations do for their own convenience libn to Governors, fo here are fonie, but low r y and with what Powers, we are not informed. The Great CkAn>, whofe Imperial Sett is faid to be at Cambalu, has been much talk'i'i of as the Sovereign Lord of this vaft Trad of Land, and tr> whom all the Inhabitants pay Tribute. The old ■ Accounts reprefent liim as a moft Potent, Wealthy and Arbitrary Prince ; who Prides himfelf fo much in his own Grandeur, that when he has Dined the Trumpets found, and a Herald proclaims that the other Princes of the World may Ice down to Meat ; But where this CttmbnUi is feated is not well agreed on, for the old Accounts of I' wlui K-netus feem to point at I'ckjm, beyond which there is no City known that will anfwcr his CharaiScr of it. They all tell us 'tis the Capital of Caihoi, which is that part dTartitry, which lies on the North and Halt of China ; fo that the Power of that Mon-rch if fucli were ttiJl in being, would be known ro the Chin^fr, who themfelves polfels a yicat deal of that Country ; and if they knew any thing of him, we ihouLi have hear'd it in tJicle latter Days, when tho .n.iuifi'ive Jefuits have brought us theme fuch pa.Jicular Ac- counts of all notable things. 'Tis pmbablc there- fore that this Monarchy, whiih was fo great in the Days of TamcrUw, is now broken into fmall Go- vernments. TheOrigine of that Monarchy is plac'J by Hiftorians in Ci«^ii or \"',5" , a bold adventu- rous Fellow of Tariaii.i-pr.^p::n, who with the pre- tence of a Villon from Heaven commanding him, f)ut himfelf at the head of his Clin ; a Peopic who laving been opptflfcd by their neighbour King of Tenduc, were ready for delperate Adlioti .- and was obeyed by fo large a number, that he foon made him- felf Matter of the neighbouring Countries, and being faluted King by his Followers, marched againft the King of Ttnduc and overcame him. Afterwards he invaded and conquer'd Cittlmy, .ind ch.inged the name of Scjthien to that of ld,taria>i. He Reign'J but (ix Years, that is, from A.C. 1162. to 1168. and was fuccccded by fomtham, otherwife called Hocciiti-.. In his time the l'.irt4rt invaded Hurop-^ and his Succeflbt '^oiti-cham or fijf/i/ entred the Minor Afia and Syria, where they ruined the rurl^i/h Kingdom of Djinifcin. H/ialon the Brother of Mnngo the Great Chatn, in the middle of the 1 ?th. Century took Bn^^l.tt, and conquered all Chiii.{.ej, Affyna and I'erfin. I'jineiLtn, T.'nur-knl^, or Tit- mtir~,-h.im, by all v/hich names he is mentioned in Hiftoiy, began to appear in the Year ij^v and fiom a finall oblcute beginning, raisd himitlf roa Throne, whether merely by his Valour as feme fee fonh, or by the Marriage of the King's Dai-^hter as others, I cannot pretend to determine. 'Tis certain he very largely encreafed t)'e Tartar Dominion, as the Hiltoriesof thofe times. 1 A. 1370 to 1400 ) do abundantly declare. His Rcial Scat wis at Snm:ir- ctnd the Capital of Vsbeck^ whence he made Ex- carlior.s into P.'//'' and Indic, the former he entirely conquered ; and the latter in part wis made Tribu- tary to him. And Laftly, the proud lUja^et Em- neror of the Turl^t became by Conquefthis Prifoner. His gte« Empire Wis too large foi one Govrrnour, ■ni ^1 '1 .1 1 if- 2 ,■' Vi' u liliiil'JI f"T •■■' ■ fi 1 J V ',',!■!'? 8o r A K T A K% :\!,. 1 ii:. I and therefore it feems to have been divided a- niong his Sons. The names of the Succeflbrs in Tjititry recorded in Hittory, are LuDochhi, Alinn, Jil/ingo-Ch/tnt , Cubley-Cham ^ Tatnor-Clintn ^ liemy- CW). who reigned about the Year !;4c- None of thcfc performed any Adions that were confide- rable enough for Hiftory, and fo wcheat riothingof them nor their Succeflors. As to the ConquefU of India and Chintt, altho' performed by T.irrjri, the Great Cham does not ap- pear to have had any hand in it. For Mirzah-ba- ior who invaded Iiuhn, altho' a Defccndant of Ta- meiljin, was in his bcft Eftate but Prince of ^"ga- tlay ; and Xtinchi who invaded and conciucr'd China in the laft Age, was King of Niucbe the Eaftcrn part only of Catny. The bed that I can difcuver of the prefent State of T4rt.ii7, is, that the Mufeovit: is Supream Lord ( but with very little Juril'didion) of the Wertcrn Part, and the Cinncjc ci the Soiuh and Eaft Parr. Thefe Monarchs maintain Garrilons at convenient diftances, and fo cointnand a Road, for an Army to March far into tlie Country, in cife of any tormed Delien of the Tnitart to aiuwy them ; which has been found to be the mofl ctfeiftual way of curbing this wild Nation. The Divifionof T/«-/ay according to Geographers is thus, i A i^r A !{^l A-D ES F. RJ A, which wastheAn- cietK Saim/iiia Afiaiii a, comftL-hends Samoied/t, Lu- conuii.t, Siberia^ Ca/tiK, Uul^atin, and Ajlmcnu, fpoken of in our Account cf Mu/ccvy together tviih Circnffic^, which we have alfo incntioncd in the Chap- ter, wherein we treated of Georgia and its neigh- bouring Countries. Z^^AGA THAT, bounded by the C«fpian-Sea on the Well ; by Tuteh^im on the Eaft ; the River J-ixtrtcs divides it from Tartaria-Dejeta on the North ; .ind on the South is is bounded by the Nortlicrn Provinces of i'eifin. It is in Modern Stile called alio 1'ibeck, ot M.ixvaralnahar ; this is reputed the bell cultivated Part of T/innn, and the Inhabi- tants maintain a good Traffick. with P«»/;<i. The Places of chief Note hete, are Samarctind, which was the Regal Scat of the Great Tfimerkin, ajargc City built of Stone, with a Caftle for its Defiiicc, featcd in a nioft plcafant Valley, and having a Gytn- ■ alium or Univerfity for Mahnmet.w Learning, y'" Ijajfi:, I'catcd at the mouth of the River Oxiis or Jihtm, uTi'i Bi'kfut, in the Mid-land are mention 'd by Cluveriui as Places of Trade. rv !{(: H HS TAN, lies next on the llaft extend- ing to the Frontiers of C4f/'jv, having r.tit,iiia.prc- pr..i, or Hf/tl V^nnry on the North, and the North- trn Provinces of ImtojUn, or the M.^ui'i Empire on tlie South. It ii othcrwife called Thibet, by which iiaiiic 'tis known in Indi.t. A Country as Del'art and ill Planted as the rell of Titnan, (ays Dr. He)Un ; wbofc Inhabitants are Civil and Polite enough, fay^ Ciuverim. Tliibct is named by Travel- lers js the Capital City, and Dr. thytiu mentions C'lijlini as a Town of Trade relbrted wh-^ HjtBlnns and Z^Ai^ailiayitns. rAkTA\lA-PKOPKlA, or VETVS, the Real ot Annent Tmt.try, fo called becaufe it was the Counir) where the T(»fM origin illy inhabited. is liic Nottheru Part, extending quite from the Delate in the Weft, tothcutmoft North-eall limits of the Continent where the Sea of the K^i.m ,k.iiei, aodtbc Straights of Wrjj.in tctwioate it : Having the great frozen TartArian, or Scythian Ocean on the North, and Turcbejinn and Cathay on the South, h contained in its old £ftate many Nations or Words of People, whofe names arc lort, and thcirrripcaivj Countries now net known. Dr. lUylin niuics thcif Su', Ttiher, Tabor, Tenduc, Barhu, Atuan, and J.^,. f/:r. And the Regions of Vng and Mangul, C,.y^ and tvlago!, are (poken of by Learned Men as featcd ;n this Country. Chief Places here, arc Motij^ul icattj on the Lake Com/, thro' which the Riv;.r Inn.v runs not far from the Fortifications of the ancient King' of Tartary. Tartar or Taltar, ne»r the Spring-Heicl of the River of that name, mtitnce the Nation take there denomination. Cli>:kan or Ci>r,,„.:k, on the Southern Bank of rhe River Ghamas. Q.vai.u.-, i^:, the Banks of the lake C.vantiaQ: Kj'ii, whence the River Oby has its Source. Corai, the Place ol Bu- rial of the Kings of Tendii., and Caiacoui, where Cintis was made King. The Ancient Kings of Tm- (/uc bore the Titlcof Piit,''r/ or I'irtbyr-r John, becaufe fays l)(. ilrylin he was both King and Piieft; a Name by corruption given aficrwards to the King ot AbiJJiiiii: in Africa. Laftly C ATHdT, which was by the Ancients named C /•; l{iC A, is bounded on the North by real Tartnry, on theSouth by C'/'/j.vr, on the Well by Tu - chcjfan, and on the Eaft In the Sea and the Straight o* 71:1^''. This Country beats a bctier CharaCli;: than the reft of IfVrro. v, having cultivatcj Lands, and near well built Towns; anti <b well replenilhcd with all forts of Wealth, as not to give place to Grercc or Iiniy, fays Clinn ,'ui : But his Author I am apt to believe fpokc of Ci-itia. Dr. Hn' ■ '< us, it is a Country of vi'ry l.irge extcnr, i^r i) iiii; fays, whofe Welkin part is Moiii>caino s and '.j u • :», but the Eaftern Part abounds with Wheit, Rice, Wool, Hemp, Silk, Miuk, and great quantity of Rhubarb. 1 here arc alfo Camels am! Hories in valt numbers, ajid the Country is well provided wiili all things nccelTa.-y for Life ; the Air is extrcam hot in Slimmer, ani milerably Cold in Winter ; the People of much jettcr Wit a.id Addrofs, than the o- thcr TArtan, live in Houfcs and adorn themfelvcs with fumpf.'OUi Apparel. Places of chietcft Note here, arc Cambalii, a inoft populous and Wealthy City, the Capital of the Empire of the Gr.mdC/jnw, and very much frequented by the Merchants of India and China, 'tis five G:<tiia>i Miles (thitis n Enj^tifl: Miles) m Circumference, '.nd furrouiideJ with twelve Suburbs according to the number of its Gates, thus far C/tt^fri/c, and jiulgc if lie mult nri mean Pckint. Oihcrs nakc it nine Miles inCircum- fcrcncc, and fay 'tis o.hcrwife named M.'r/ioH : But the inoft Judicious arc of Opinion, thcf- things are fpnkcn of l'cl{it>-, wl.ich l\uup.r/iii! had never feeii whenihcy were writtci. : And that City being but a little wuhin the Wall, a.'d frequently infeltcd vMrh Taf.i s for many Ages, whe.-. 'he (/'.//•/(• Couit was kcpr at Natnkn)!, "lis not at all improbable ilut the iinpcrfcdt Rumots of that City, might be applied to this. Where the rciil Cambalu was featcd does fiot appc.ir, but the old Maps Place it too far Northward, ( as the new Editor of Dr. IkyHn \\\k ly enough obfcrves, ) to be fo opulent a place at thcfc Accounts render ir. Having thus given you a view of T.ttv^ a. orJ ingto the Geographers, welliall now look into lit vcllcrs and give yon their Accounts of it, Ta't.»i ■ T A K T J R % \t U'ti'y (Tays Seignior Ghmlli) is all the North Bait of /'^/', It is divided by the Chinrje into the MVeflern and Hancni, the foimer poflciTing all the Country lying beyond Pekjm^ along the Fiontiers of lij.r. and Pnfiit to the Frontie;s of Mii/covy. i^ nd the EalUrn rarttiiy reaches from the Province of l.enttmg ( which hcs i«ft without the Wall of China ) Ealt- wjrJ liryond Jafon, and contains the Countries of of.-."; CUE wcftofro-f^, Nlt'/.H.4N North of ^ »- V TVP r Eaft of Uiuch, the Country of 3;:S', Plorth-caft of "Jnpnn and Eaft of Tufy. 'I'lid'e Countries are poor ami ill Peopled ; there beirgiii them only two or thrw Cities, and all the reft wijcl, cither Woods or Mountains. Thejcfuit Father J'c'oiV/? who travelled with the EmpiTor of China, into the Eaftern Tartaty in the Year 1 68 J. gives us this Account. Ytom Pekim to ihc Province of Lcaotum, the way is about joo Miles NortliEatt ; and Cfofs the Province of Ltaotum 400 Miles more, North- eaft, this Country is Tome what Mountainous : from the Frontier of Leaotum, to the City Lit or t /j, the way ftill North- eaft, is 400 Milc!^. All the Country beyond Leaot urn iteiceeding Dffart, where nothing is to be feen, but Mountains and Valleys, with the Dcni of Bears, Tigers and oilier wild Bcafls. You can fcarce find a Houfe, except poor Reed Hutrs upon the fides of fome Eiooks and Streams. All the Cities and Towns we faw in Leitotiitn, which are numerous, are entirely rjincd ; one can fee nothing thro' the whole Coun- iry, but old ruined Walls with rubbel Bricks and Mooes. In the outskirts of thofe Cities, there have been of laie fome few Houfcs built without any Order, of Earth or the Rubbifh of the old Buildings i;c\fred v/ith Thatch. Abundance of Towns which were here before the Wai are (o entirely dciiroyed, as not the leiSt Footfteps of ihem to be feen ; for the Armies fcrccd the Inhabiunts into the Wars, ami dertroyed their Houl'cs to take from them all ihoaghts ut Tccurmng. The Capital of Ltnttum which is called Xinjnm, is a iair City and pretty entire, and has ftill the Remains of an ancient Palace. It hcs by obfervation, in the Latitude of 41 Deg. 56 Min. (Oh! that he bad made an obfervation of Longitude too) and there the Magi'etick Needle is fuhjert to no Decimation- The City T,'//i which was the exiicinity of their Journey, lies in 44 Deg. '-0 Min. Lat. the Needle defining fiom South to Welt one Deg. 40 Mm. On the North fidt of Xin- i«i 111 the Hills, at fuiall dillance from the Town, lies the ScpuKhrts of the Anccftors cf the nrefcnt Race of Ci.imji- Einperots. Kj^ in 401. Miles North- fail from Xii.-yiir, feared on tlic B.iriksof the River un/iiiri is anothci City, into whicli the Emperor I'ntred m State. From ihcm:c travelling 3X Miles on the River, they arrived at f/j, which is the faireft 111 all iliis Country, and has been formerly the ■Seat of the Eiiipiic of the Taititn. The River Cum- ^'- IS full of Fiih a linU- below Wii . it 'ifes in the AloMir.iin Ch/ttnjji, at a great diflaiKC to the South, \vhich Mountain being the ancient Seat of the Tai- '■t", the Emperor he lays, knelt down on the Banks of the River, and bowed to iv three times in Reve- rence. Our Author went no iattber than VU, but he tells us by inforn:iaiiun, that Kincrit'.a a Place re- nowned in thofe Parrs, is 700 C.hinefe Stadia of 360 Gcom- Htces each, diftant froit; "Via to the North- tail, I'eated on the great River Heleum, into which the Song^To falh. And that failing down the River whofe Coutfe is Norih-eaft, iliey arrived in 40 Days at the Eaftern Sea, at I was told (kys he, by the Ge-' neral of the Militia k KJrin, who had hinafelt'pct* form'd this Voyi^'.. I omit his Tible of Diftances, becaufe he bts o* milled to givi us account what thofe Places were, whether Villages, Towns, Caftles or Cities. But I muft not oinit to obfctve, that in bis Relation he mentiom the Oiftanccs in Miles, and in the Table feis them down in Cbinejt Stadia ai he calls them, which makes a vafl difference. And yet if thofe Stadia are reduced to what he fpcaks, vii. j6o Ceo- metrical Paces, the way will appear too Ihort (being not quite 400 Engll/h Miles) for fo long a Tourney as he pretends to make it ; and thetefere with fub- mitfionto better Judgment, I think a medium ought to be allowed. The next Year the fame Author travelled with the Emperor 600 Miles into Weft Tartaiy, of which Country he gives us the fame Account, namely, that it is Rude and Mountainous ; but fbeaks no£ here of any Cities or Towns at all. Thus far Father VcrbitJ}. The Embafladof fent from the C\ar of Mufcmy, to the Emperor of China in the Year 1 69 j. gives us this Account of Tartary ; namely. That he fet out from Mufcove on the ij Mdarch, an tiavelhng North-eaft and South-eaft, thro' divers ProvitKes which we have already defcrib'd in our Account of Mufcnr, he came to the great River Oi- on rhe ift of /iuguji, and pifling by Surgut a City lying on the Ohy, in the Lat. 61 t5. and Naium ano* ther City in 57. 30. heembarkMon the River Ks*f' which falls into the 0^7 a little bciow Naium, and after a Month's towing againft Stream, he arriv'd at the (inall City of Mikjtiiko, and in two Days more at 3nie:(tsk?', a City feated on the River 3tn)k», 'n the )7 D. Lat. and according to the Map that goes a- long with thcfc Travels, in the 1 00 D. of Longit. the whole Country thro' which he pafled was wild and uncultivated, inhabited Ly a Rude Pagan People whom he names the Oflmtkj, among whom no Pro- vifioas or Neceflaries were to be had. Jtnc^eikfi i.» well fupplied with Fi(h out of the River which is large, the third part of a Mile over, and convenient for Navigation, as flowing in a diredl Line North- ward into the Ocean. The City is confiderably large and Populous a id the Fonrefs pretty ftrong, govern d by a Magift'.atc appointed by the C^ar. Several Villages lie rjund about the City, and the Land ia proper for Agriculture, producing Corn, Cattle and Fowl very phiitifully. ^^itlmgufiam who live a- long the Banki of the River arc fubjed to the C^ar, and pay Tribute of Furrs at this City. From thence pairing forward near theRiverTdns;!* jtrt which falls into they«>iit4, and the Wn(7 which falls into the T<»nj;u/^*, he ariived at llenikoy. The Inhabitants hereabouts ate barbarousP<>,;i>ni,and rxercife diabolical Conjurations, which they confide much in. From thence he palled on to the Fort B«'««r^ among the Bur*ttl,tni\ Pagan People, and afterwards to the Fort of Bu/araw/i^^.', in the fame Country ; the People have fmall Houfes, and do not change there Habitations, are richly ftockcd with Cows, but utterly ignorant of Agricul- ture. In Summer time they go abroad in great num- bers to bunt down the wild fieafts, which iervesthem for a Winter Store. They have tio Money, but fell Oxen and Camels to Travellers for fuch Neceflaries as arc offet'd, wherebv they buy them very cheap The People here are Robult and larger Staiut'd than ufually the Tartan are the Musk-Cat is found beic. M the "tl I. ^r A\'\ 82 TAR TART lb. '1 i M ^^i i^^ iH The next City became to WM Jefc'f^*', /«*»«! on tbe Rivet Angara, which rilei in the Bxikfll-Mter, Coiplit miles from thir place) in the Lac. JJ- D. and Longit. iioD. 'Ihis Cicy wis not long fince Re- built, and provided with good Fortificatioiiii, and has alfo Urge Suburbs, round which lyes good Fcrtil Land, where Corn grows plentifully, and the City is well furnilhcd with all fort of Grain, Salt, FIcfhand Fifli. It IS iilhabited by l{ufji*ni, under aGovernour appointed hy the C^^>-, and takes its name from the River Jekut, which falls into xhe. /ingitr<i ovcragainll it. Pairing over the Lake oi Btikfll, which is i^ Geiman Leagues wide, he arrived at KjtLania, another liii/piin Caftle, in lo Days time, ami in another Day at tliiiikpy, another very large Town inhabited by I{iilJiins, whofe chief employment is Sable Hunting. 1 hence in another Day at I'-tti-lnnka;, which is a Ca- Ikle provided with a ftrongCiarrifon of Cijf.tck} to co- ver the Country from the incurfions of the Mongn- lUm \vhich bonier on it. From thence eroding the Rivet Silitig'i, in (bur or five Days he came Vdinskfit, fcatcd onthcfniali Rivcrt'.Vj, which falls into the Siliiigr. This is a City and ftrong Forttefs feated on a Hiil, with a good tiartifon of hjtjjl.m Colfacks to fecurc againit the Mmgalinm, who often come upon them and deal their Caitle. Tho Country hereabouts is Mountainous, and therefore improper for Tillage, but produres Gar.len-herbs and Roots in plenty. Here begins the Province cf D AV H, I A, i De- (arc Country, thro' which Travelling in barbaroi'.s Roads, over high .ind difinal Rocks tor three weeks time, they arrived at the Caftle of Jamuna, Gar'i- foiicd with Colfacki, and inhabited by Rulfiar.:. Here tilt Tartar Iiihahitams arc called Ks!»iiTi4n^ii:(i, will) live on Sable-Hunting, and fell the Skins for Money to the RulHans. From hence thro' difficiilc ways to the City of /V/i'mi.!, which is a Fortilication wherein liveniar^ Ruflians who excrcifc Sable Hun- ting, here being lounJ as rich black Sables as are in Sibtiiit. Hence palVmg by the Village I'Utbifcha, over fome Mountains, and along the River Schill^a, they arrived in two Days more at N>r;!;in/^()i lying on the River Ntr^.j, which rifing more Northward, falls here into the Schiikt. Tiis City is flrong, being provided with feveral brafs Cannon, and a great Garrifoiiof DaurianCoffacks iKith Horfe and Foot. It Aands among Mountains, but has Champion ground in the Valleys, which they Till, and produce enough for their neceffities. Ner^inskoi lyes in l.at. 51 D. Long. i2j. D. and is a good wealthy place by means of a TiaflSck which tne Inhabitants maintain to China. Here are two forts of Heathens the K^mni- Fimgufmni and the Olenni Tungu^inm, who have for a long time lived in Subjcftion to the Czar, being obliged toappear in Arms at the command of the Govcniour ox >ier:^ingikiii, the foimer on Horfc- back, a-.d the lattc;- on Foot to oppofc the Incurfio:is of the Roving T-ntan. They ^'c good Soldiers, and attack the MongalUns at gre;,t Uifparity of Numbers. They are in Religion ai;d Manners like the other T.i.;<ir; except that they a": of the civiller fort, and live in Hutts, which however they build fo as to remove ai pleafuie. They ride much on Horfeback, the Women as well as the Men, and go a Hunting like the Bwattiani in the Suinmer for Winter Provifions, they ufe Bows and Arrows as indeed all, the Tnrtjrj do, and ate excellent Marks-men. From Nfi ^iwj^nr, pafllng the Ri\cr Schilt^a, and thence Travelling ic Days Southward, by the Banks of theiRivcr /Irtun, they arrived at Atgumkf,^ vrhich is the !a(l Fortrefi tbe C7ar has in 'i'attii:l Hitherto we have Travelled almoft dirciltly Ej(i fince we left the Oly, and have already nuidc a Journey of at leaft 40 Degrees, which in this I a- titude, wherein Degrees of I-ongitude are 35 ^!ilci and half, amounts to 1410 Miles. Wc .-lOw pjf^ South Eal> 7^0 Miles more, before we arrive at tiit Wall of China. Argunikpi, as we have faid, Ihnji on the Banks of the River yt>gi"i, tvhich flows from North to South, and falls into the River Wm/.. which flows Eaftward, till it fall into the Ocean. Upon this River pretty far Eaftward, the c-jr had Caftles and Dcuninicn, before the year 16S5. when by Treaty between the two Moiiarchs held a; Kipehtii, It was agreed that this River Aijun IhoulJ be the mutual boundary of the two Empires. Ik- yond this River, lyes a great uninhabited W iUcr- nefs, and beyond that the whole Country from the the River Amur Southward, and even NotthwarJ as is pretended, was the Kingdom cf Kicwuu, [that is the Country of the Aiiccftor of the prc- fent Monarch of Chitm ] thus my Author ; hu; that does not well agree with the general opinirn, which places this Kingdom nuirh more Ealtnard After many Days Travel thro' the WiKkrncfs, thoy arrived at the Jalifchian Mountains, which are ex- ceeding high, and lye in the Latiiudc of 4S D. ii.c Country abounds with Harts, Roebuck and nilj Sheep, and large Flocks of Wild-CJccfr, Duiks, Turkies and Partr'dgcs, the Rivers (whereof tlicy palfed divera ) are well flocked with Filli. And the Air is Tcmjerate. The Vallcvs att'orJ plcalmt Pafture ; and in effcd being part tne Mountains, thoy entered a very agreeable Country, adorned with Trees of various kin.ls, Oak, Lime, &c. and bulg- es of Hazel-nut, well filled with Fiuit (it was in Septrmhei) which led to another high Mountain, upon the Top of which, was the fitl\ ciiintje Giiittl or Watch, who flop Strangers, and fend them to the main Guardai Mcrgeeti, aTownatfomcUiftancc on the left . Next they pafTed by the Huts of T-rgn- ;^i,irii, another Clan of Tiji/rti-/, who are Subjci^ to their own Chief, but pay Tribute to the Emperor of Ciitin. They Till the Earth and breed Caitk, whereof they have Horfcs, Camels, Ki lie and Sheep, they affeifl to lide uponOxcn ; and are good Artiftsat making Bows which ate elleemed the beft inTiuU) Hence pafTmg along the Banks of the lUver J-ik through beautitul Paliure Grounds, watered with delightful Streams, and pleafant Words, winch ra- vifhes the fight ; they afterwards Travelled for three Diys in as much the contrary, between Mountains and Rocks without Water or rcfrelhnicnt 'vhich terminated in a plain, but very barren Field, which with a Days Travel brought them to tlic City Sixigjr, the Capital of a very pleafant Pro- vince, where live a Clan of handfomr l.:rii:'i. Then journeying three Days, they entrrid the Country of the hUiiy^alinni , another Clan ot Till tan, Subjciit to the King of China, and .it four Days end camo to the old City, or the Ruins of a City pretended tohave been built by Alexander the Great ; and in four Days more they ar- rived aca City called Kugnn Kjiton, or Idol Cit\ , which is alfo in Ruins.And then they parted the River Schr.- iit Muiin, and through fome VilLiges to the t oiintry where the King of i:hii:n comes every vcar .1 Hunting, which is a Rocky Mountainous Cuuntiy, and leads to the famous Wall of C- in.i, ivlnch llMli EAST-1NT>IES, fliall pur an end to our Defcription of Tar'-'r, fup- poiing that by this time, we have given oUr i<.eadet a prett) good Idea of the prefent Scare of it, for we have carryed him one way Eadward, about 3 or 400 Miles beyond the Wall of China ; and now breught him above looo Milei from the the ^eft, to the fame place, ami done this from the Kelaiioni of turn Peribns of indubitable in- H tegrity, who aduaily Travelled the Land, they, dcfcribc, which is ccruinly the beft manner of declaring the true State and Extent of any Country. And thus having viewed all the North and WcA Part of ytfia Ihall proceed to ibc Eaft, and pafs through India, the Ulands in the Imlian Sea, China and Japan, THE EAST INDIES Of f Z;^ E A S T-I N D I E S in General. SOME Geographers have extended the EaJ}- Indirs as far as the Eaftern Ocean, comprc- hcml..-.(;C/'jiM.« and Japnt under that general Name ■ But according to the Opinion of the left Writers, and according to the common Ac- ceptation, by the word Eafl-lndici, is undcrftood only, I. The Empire of the Great Mogul. II. The Pcniiifula of Indi/i within the River Gaiigei. III. The Pfninful.t of India beyond the River Gangct, And IV. The Iflands in the Indian Ocean. The vaftT raft of Land generally known by Name of / .\' fl f />, is fituate between China on the Eaft ; ftrfia on the Weft ; Ttrtaiy on the North, and the Indian Sea on the South. The moft Southern Part (being the Pcninfula of Maltaa) (lioots out to the iirft IJcpree of North I aiiiu^le, but the Bay of Bo»f/ii!f which flows between the two Peninfula of India ; afcends to the height of ii Degrees, fo that OTily that Peninfula lyes within the Torrid Zone. The Mogul's Empire lying inoftly wuhin the Ttopick of Caicn^ and extends Notthv*ard to the 4 1 Dcgrct ofLatitvklc. .As for iht Longitude, there have been great Miftakes, the Dutch Maps make Surrai lye in the lot Degree, and Jii»//<»' places it in the icy. Whereas our Mariners by then Obfervations make i: about 78 Degrees froir. the Li:{ai,i. that is, 87 bou\ Teiinijf, and about 90 from the Ifland Feii, which does not inuch difagret from the Obfervations of the beft Aitronomers in the World, vu- M. Ihvc- I'li", Mr. Hallry and M.GaUft ; a« wt find by :lic Ac- count (publiiTed in chePhilof. ;ranfa(ft. »/. "681.) of the Mtridioml Dillance between Lom/on and Bal- hf.rr^ a place in tli« iJay of hmfi^all, in the Latit. «f ii, which was founilrobeH6 Deg.i4min. to which adding 17 D. 10 Min the diflance from Tenet iff to Lrndm, It amounts to irj D. 54 Min. but Ballafire Ifands ir Ueprces fi.iftwird from SHr,:^, fo that that being dediif>ed, there relis9i Degrees or thcr?abouts forif.e I i.iijjitudc vi Sut.i: irom It /'..•< in Irnoiff. ''••ving hxed this, we may venture to iay with our Map, that 'nri-'- cxuii.ls in 1 ongittidc from the 81 Wthe igothfHgree. Whether the Name India was derived from the River I-'dus, or from the Hindovnt who wferc the an- cient Inhabitants, and fiom whom came the word liidtjif.n, that (ignilies the Coimtry of the Hin- dom, is not cafyto determine: But itiscalled Eaft, to diftiiiguilh it from i<»nt'»c.», which bears the Name of the i'i 'eft- India. The Air is exceeding hot, efpeciallyin the Sou- thern parts, which would be vtterly iininhabitabie, if it were not for the fet Sealbns of Rain and Wind, wherewith the Gjuntries lying in the Torrid Zone are cool'd and rcfrcfh'd. Tnefe Regular Wind», which are call'd Mcnjuom, arc obferved to blow ccn- ftantly from one Turner, for four or five Months c- vcry Year, namelj , from the North or r.ithcr North- Eait (according to Dnmftir) from oMer to March ; and the contrary froin .-Iprii to September : both which refrcfh the Land, one with Coolnefs and the other with Rain. The Soil of thcfe Couiutics is gcnetally good, producing not only plenty of Corn, Fruits, Fifh, Fowl, Paftuie and Cittle, but yields alfo the moft valuable Spices and Otuggs ; Indico and Cotton ; Mines of Diamonds, Tin and in fomc places Gold, Iron, Copper and other Metals ; The Seas yield Pearl and Coral; and the Foreftsarc full of Lyons, Tygers, Elephants, Khiooceros, andmany other wild Beafts; ButihcCoumry is much infefted with hideousSer- pencs, aiidmcit noxious Vermin. The chief Rivers of India in general ; are, r . The ludiu, which wafhes its Weftern Bounds, x. The Cangei, which rifes in the Mountains that aivide Tartaty and Mia, runs through the middle fihe Country, and falls into the Bay of Si-«fj4i' , Tiie Cnor. 4 Cojmin aivi 5. Pegu, ifltttr ttom the Lake Chiam^y, On the Frontier ot" Tax.uy and C'lW, and fall into the Gulph of Bengaf. 6. The Mrmxn, if- fuing from the fame Lake, falls into the Gulph of Siam. The Padder and Gemeni in Gu:{arttt Dnd C.tm- biia; thcGH^n^d in Colccnda; the Kagundi in hifhn- pir, and other fmaller Rivers will be fpoken of in ihew proper place' Suffice it at pr<ferit to fay that M t h'JiA ;.iM ii(, ■li riuUi. 84 EAST^ll^DlES. n It W \ . 1] tndin'M in general very plentifully watered with large and coniinodiout Rivers. The Mountains of Jndin arc many. A greu Ridge called by the AncientsC(iMc/?/u/, Taurus and Inmtn, runj along on the Weft fiJe between Perfin and Imlijian ; as doth another Ridge, on the North bnwcrn the fame Giiintry and Tnrtury -. In the Peninfula of India within Gatifei, the Mountain! de Gate or Ballagale, continue all the length of the Country from i\4r/;nj<i to Cape Comorin. The Religion of India, except where Chriftianity has prevailed, is either Paganifm or Mahometifm ; the lattiT having been brought hither out of Jartaiy or Perjj.t, and the former was the Religion of the hindowi or Ahoiiyjne Inhabitants of this Country, and taughc by the ancient Brachmans ; They ac- knowledge jnc Supream Hternal Otnn'potent ficine, Creator of all things j from whoni thep fay jroccaj- ed three Cares, vl^,- fin""* or Jt><;M^*thcCai* of making all things : yijlump or §ipiit^ the Qtre of prefcrvine all things: And M.tuhadeeh or Jxir/i, the Care of deftroying all things.- Of thefe three Gods they tell a World of ridiculous Fabl««, too long for us to infert. They have other finallcrOeiries and Saints to whom they pay Religious Worlhip, in their Pagods or Temples, whereof they had ont in every Town and Village ; and thofe in Cities or large Towns were built of Stone with great Magnificence and rich Decorations .- but Mahometifm has pre- vailed fo much, as to deftroy a great many of them. TheBr4mmfjor Pricftspretend to be the Offfpring of the Brains of their God Brama, and arc exceed- ingly reverenced. They wear no Garments except a Cloaih about their uiiddle:., and now and then aioofe Gown over their Shoulders ; they feed on Herbs, Fruit, and the like, religioufly abftaining from all things that have Life, and will on no Account kill, though it be a Vermin : They have fome Learning, and arc generally efteeraed the wifeft Men of the Nation .They ufe a peculiar CharaAcrand Language, which like our Latin, is the learned Language ; and muft firll be ftudied oy the Pupils that come to them for Inftrudlion. There are many ridiculous Ceremo- nies in (he Gentile Religion ; but the moft barbarous is that of burying the Wife with her Husband, which is pradlifed in the Indies; begun either on a Religious Account(ereat Rewards of Blelfmg being promiled to the Wife that does it) or onapolitical Account as fome imagine.toprevent the Women's poifoning their Hus- bands, as they fay thev us'd to do ; however it began, it is religioufly obferved by the Hindows, but in re- gard that the GovernmeDi in Indoftan is Mahometan, the Magiftrates reftrain, and wont permit theWo- manto be burnt withoutleavc, which i.snotvery eafy to obtain ; and indeed not at all. if the have Chil- dren.But then Ihe muft put hcrfelf into a State of Pen- nance, or endure the utmoft Flouts and Contempt from her Neighbours and Friends. The Cbriftian Religion was undoubtedly planted very early in India. St. Tiwmas is generally believ'd to have preached the Gofpel and fuffered Martyrdom there, in the City Mali/tpw, now St. Ttinmai, on the Coalt of Coroniondel. That Apoftle had Converted many, and Baptized the King and moft of his Nobles, before the fl amines murthered him . And Chriftianity flourifhed ronfiderably, till fome Pagan Prinri-s mak- ing Incurfions, lacked Mai/ipur, and tbrccd the Chnltiansto fly to the Mountains whence ihey dc- frended into Ma!ai ar, »nd in procci of time had Bilhops and Priefts fent to them by the Patrtardi of M«^<i/ in Syria ; a Succeflton whereof continued to the time that the Portuguese cune irto thelc parts. But thcfe Teachers brought with flitin the Htrtfj of Keftoiiui, w«h wliich rfic P»tii,gfit:(e found ihcin much infedled } but otherwiiie very good CliriPiaiu, having the BiWe or at leaft the New Teftamcnt a- mong theni in the Syriack Language, rrceivmg the Sacrament, ufirg Prayers to, and profetfing Faith m God and the Blelfed Trinity ; aiidobferving the fan.c Calendar, Feafts and Falls with us : And thmi^ii Chriftianity was in as low efiate as ever it had betn, when the Partuiue:;e arrived, they found fiftetn or fixtccn thoufanil Families in and about Cian^^mot, who lent to Vajco de dnvia in the Year i f,oz, Jciir. ing to be rccciv'd under the Protedtton of thf King o'' Portugal. /iwiJwKf/ that then reign'd, having rcccn 'J F.ncouragement ftom the Pope, iViu over fevcral Priefts and Fryars, who preached the (Jofpcl (Uit with the Corruptions of the Hpnii/h Church; with graat Zeal, and gped Surcefs : Join III. win lueeecdcd him, fpareAno Coft or Pains to propagate Chriftianity in India, and tn that purpofe lent ok; Father Frrtncn Xavie>, who by his Pains an.i Piety inftrudcd ihe People, and by Sttiiflnefs ofLfc and Virtuous Difpotition, fo wrought upon them, that as \.)\tPortugiiere brae, vaft Numbers wcrecon- vericd. Th(^ I'.nglifh and nmch Nations alio have contributed their Parts to the propagating Chriliia- nity in India, fo that though the inland CounTy bt ftill Heathens and Mahometans, the more cuiliz'J People on thcCoalts are pretty well reconcdedtoow Faith. All the Princes in India, from the Great .VI ^«;, , to the leaft King of an liland, are AbfoKitc in ihcit Authority, and execute an unccntrouletl power oiii the Lives, Liberties and Kftites of their SubfCK Are never approached but with the utmoft Siibiiniii- on, nor admit any Client whu conies empty hanikd, a PrefeiK being always made at every application f(.' Juftice, as well as other bulincfs. As ihis Creaus a great depcndanceon the King, fo it caiifcsa Lazintls and Defpondency in the common People, for to what purpofe ftiould Men be induttrious, when ihty cannot reap the benefit of their Laboi'r, and when Wealth cannot be transferred to their Children, but on the contrary makes them the more obnoxious to ill treatment from their Governours. Thofe ol the Pagan Faith (tis fuppofed) Bury their Money upon a belief it will be ull-ful to them in ihe other Worli'; And the Mahometans care little fur laying up : The richeftGovcrnour Ipends all he gers,and thereby alone can fecurc himfelf from the ruin whichthe Envy ot his Wealth would create. And the Land is lo farfrnni being a property, that the fame Man fcldom pollcilci two Crops; nay, Gimclti tells us, the Great AJs^.i.' fometimes takes away the Land that is Tilled, inJ gives the poor Pealant other thatis Fallow. Bur tin People bear it with great Patience, and know nt what Liberty is • comeniing theniltlvcs with lorry Houfcs, ill furnilhed, and Food as ordinary. 'Die common Food isKice, and Drink, Water. 1 here be- ing no Wine is Mia, they debauch in Rack, which is a Spirit diftilled from Rice, and the lower foit m Neri or Tary, which are the juice of the Toddv aiU Palm Trees, a plcafant beauvrage, and nor unlikr Wine. The better tort much affodt to Chaw Arcck, which is a fort of Nut ; this wrapt up very m-itlv in the 1 taf of the Herele-Tree prcpaied wuh 1-imt, is a Regale in Vifits; and is generally tiled all nvti the Indies. It provokes fpitting, makes the l.if 11 J, EAST-INDIES. 85 rd, 311(1 is reckoned to be good fot die Sco- mach. I'be n-raote Diftance of India from Europe, may Diakc it wortli our Eiiijuiry by what tteps wcolnain'd fointimateaKnowlcdgcofu; forcon(idcringho\A' vait a Traiil ofLand lies between it ajid the Mediterranean Sea nn one lide, and how large an Ocean iloweth between it and us on the other (ide ; it would b-- extrcnicly wonderful that we Ihould ever have procurcil the Commodities of thofc Countries in fo plentiful a manner, f we were not acquainted with the NVit and Indultry of ihcle latter Ages, wlierein M»o al^enturc to pry into every Corner of the baU- ub'ic World. The bill Knowledge of Uuii.t leems rr be ow ng to Aiexr.mtci\ Eicpedition ; for after lie lia^l conquered Pf/;!-, we are told by Curiiuiani o- rhcrs, his Ambition led liini into ludia^ where many Nations fubmittt'd without bloodlhed ; aod I'otus who is thorpht to have poflelfed the beft part of what It now the Migu'i Empire, relifting him, was van- qiiiiheci and made Captive. Some Authors arc ape to believe he penetrated as f.iras the River Qntiji^cs, hut 'tis more probable he went but a little way beyond tlic InJib, and returning, followed the Courfe of that River down to the Ocean; and that it was near where hill now (lands that he credlcd the .ughty Alt 11* in imitation of llfculci't Pillars, and left thofc vait BeJ.i, Armours, Bitts, Sec. to amufc future Ages. I'!(ht»iy and the ancient Geographers fpeak of ^ooo conliikrable Cities, and as nianv Nations in («,/m: Where the Bi/i,/"W(«n; or X«</i<i,'/ Pliilofophers were celibrited, and honoured wiih the Title of (Jyiniwfopliilhby the Gir.^i. But the Knowledge of Indii proceeding chiefly from the Trade thither, we were to be furc very little acquainted with it, iirforc the llwfc.ms f.'und the way by Sea: For before that time ail the Traffick into /i«/,ri was carried on by the I'e'Jiitnt, Arahiitnt and Moon, who brought the Jewels, Spices, Silks and other valua''le com- modities of thcfe Countries, partly over 1 and, and partly by the Red Sea, to Al-ximdiin and other Ports in the Mediterranean ; whence the Veneiiem, Grn-ur- j'l and l-tarentinci brought them to Europe : by which Trade the Princes of Syria, Arahiit and E?ypr, as well .IS the Mei chants of thofc Countries and Italy were exceedingly enriched : Till by the AiFiftance of the Mariner's Compafs, ihe Aflrolabe, and other ufeful Inilruments then newly invented, the Portu- fuf^f were enabled to launch out into the Atlantick Ocean, coaft the whole Continent of Afiica, double the Cape afCod Hope, and find the way by .Sea to the Rijf-lndies. Of wIikIi Navigation and the .Settlements 0'" Europeans in /»./■>, we ihall fetdown ai particular An Account as the brevity of our Work will admit; imagining it m;ivbc an agreeable Eiiter- taintmeiit to our Reader. Of thcfirjl J'opif^esfrom EUROPE to the EAST-INDIES. . THE Difcovery of theCoafls of /i/ii.-.t in order * to a Voyage to the Eaft-liuiies, was hrft at- tempted in the Year 14.1.0. by Dm Henry Son to Joli'i I. King of Portu^nl ; who gave all polUble En- couragement to it. Bnt in 53 Years tune that he lived, they had got no farther than the Coalfs of Cuinen ; and after his D.-ath there was little Progrefs made in it, till the time of K. "Ji'hn II. who rrfuming this Matter with great Zeal and Courage, firft lent oiu Baiilialomew DMi, who dou- bled the Capeof/J/>iV4, to which K. 7<i*»i gave the Name of GW Hope : and afterwards fcnt I'ed'o Co- vitUaii by Land, who travelled as far as Cnnenor, Ca- Itcut, and the neighbouring Places ; whence t^roiTuig the Indian Sea, he pafled over to the Coafts of ^tmguebar in Africa^ and by the information he re- ceived there, concluded that the fame Coaft conti- nued from the Cape of Good IJofe ; fo returning through -Ethiopia, came back fafe to Lisbon^ and gave the King fo much Encouragcir. era, that he made aU ncccilary preparations to fet out a large Fleet for that Expedition, but dyed inthe Year 1495. before it fet out. f;>»jnu;/ his Succcflur, profecutcd the deflgn, and inthe Year 1497. t^a/codeGama with for r Ships and 160 Men fctSiilfrom Lisbon, and Sailing along the Coaft of Africa, he doubled the Cape, and came to A'/u^am/'i^i/f on theEaft Coaft of///'it.i, inthe 15th Deg. of South Latitude, where being kindly enter- tained, he Raid for fome lime, receiving in(lrii£hons for the profetiiting his Voyage, and as foinc relate, he found there that moll ufeful Inftrumeni the Mari- ner's Cotapafs. But with more probability it ma-, be faid, that it was not then unknown, for 'twas ii^c Years before this, that Columbus fet cut on his difco- very of yfraenco, wherein we may reafonably con- clude, he had the ufe of the Compafs ; and if the S/KiniVtr./j had it, undoubtedly the Po/vh:;.,?^?, who were the chief Navigators at that time, would not be without it. But to proceed. Us (.'.im.j parting from hence, pwiecuted nis Voyage, and in two Months morcdikoveicd ihcCoalt oiMeliba , where Anchoring near Cit'cut on the icth of hUy, 149B. He feni fomcMen alhoat for difcovery ; who by good Fortune met with a Alwthat underftood Ponj/^jf^f, and acquainted them with the State of the Country; and by his means ihc \arnoiin or Empemr of Ciiaut was informed of the, T Arrival. This Prince recei- ved them very kindly, and was ready to have encrcd into a I eague with the King of Portugal, when the AiMans atid Moon, who were the Men thatc.arryed r ^ '*'(■ .'iW/Vjh Trade to Europe tiitherto, being alarm'd 1 '■ i'rnval of the P3rtu^iie.{e, and forefeeing the lofs of their Trade, if thcfe Men were admitted ; applye.l flemlelves to the King, and laying before him the Advantages that he and bisCountry had re- ceived by their Tr.ifKck, and declaring, that in safe the PorfH;;uf^f were admitted, they would leave him; fo wrought upon the ^.j»n(jii«,thatthe i'orrug:. ;; were no more favoured but infultcd ; Wherefore de C rma finding himfelf nor fafe,ar,d having in agreatmcafure performed what became tor, vi^- difcoveredihc E.tjl-- Indiei ; he returned home, and arrived fafe at Lisbon in Seftciriber, (499. And now the difcovery being made, the next bufi- nefs was to edablilh a Trade there ; to which purpofe tht: next Year, Pf.Vi()//,'i'/irf^(/cCc/'r.i/f was fcnt out with aFlcer of 13 Shipsand i^aoMen, to oblige by fair or foul means the Kin^ o(Caieci.t to permit tlieni 10 fetUe there. Of thefe Ships, I ut fix perform'd the Voy- age, for the reft were either fent back, as unable to peiform the Voyage, or caft away. Arriving at Caleciit, he was entertained with uncxpedfcd kind- nefs by the S^jimorln, a Houfe given the King of Por- tugal, and liberty granted to lade their Ships before any others. But their old Enemies the Moois foon made a difference, for the goods were fo bought up by them, that notwithftan.iing the ^ifmorin's order, the Portisgueie could luve none, which made them fet m ■r%M AM .<' '/M 'AL .•!:f.f S($ EJST^INVIES. i H I i u n 'I fet upon the \/Mri Ships and take the GootJs thence ; to revenge which, the Sitrii:^ens uflaultcd the Ponu- gue\» Houfc, and kilM many of the Men ; for which Affront, jllvatt^, not able to get fcdrefs by fait meani, fct upon i o /irahian Ships in the Port, killed the Men, unladed the Ships, and battercdthe Town with his Cannon ; and then leaving C<i/ff«f, he failed to C'of/'i«,whcic he wasvery kindly received, furnifiied with the Cotninoditifshe wanted, courted by that King and thcfe of CouUm and Cinmoi, and thence returned home with a very rich Cargo, and arrived atti.'^n, in Auguft i^oi. In the mi an time, John drNovow»% fcnt out with another Fleet to recruit lie (i.itua, but milling him, he laded his Ships at Cochin and Canmor, and came fafc to Liibcv. And now the King of Pji(ui;/i/ alfumed to him- fclf the pompous Titles ot to'vif cf the Snigirion, Conqueft f.nd Commerce cf .•Ethictia, Arabia, I'erli.i and India J and to maintain that Title, lent out yi^fcn He Gam* a fccond time, wirh the Title of Admiral, and a larger Fleet than ever ; with which he failed dirc<5ily to Ccchin, whofe King Trimumpitta was a fincere Friend and i;cnerous Afliftant to the Pom.. Kue^e againii their Enemy the ^jtnorin of Calecnt : Having laden his Ships, and dilpatcht his Affairs at Cochin, he lalled towards Canmor, but was met by lo (tout Ships from Culecur, which he quickly de- t'eatcd, took two of them, and returned to Pouugnl, leaving Vincent H.- Sco<ha with (ix Ships to truifc on thi; Coaft, and hinder the Commerce of ihc Wir- bi-mi and Moon. Alfoon as He Gama was gone, the ^amarin fell upon Ttiniumfnra and drove him out of his Kingdom, bccaufe he would not quit the Intercft of the Poriugucyr. But I'mncis and W.'- flionfo a' Aihiiijuerque arriving the next Year, at Cc- chin, they foon drove out the "^^.imcrin, and reinffa- tcA.Triniutnp.it a, and by his permilTion built a Caftle for the Security of the Poriuji^ue:^e, which after was encrcafed to a Town, and may be called Ncxo-Ccehin : having done this, bded their Ships, and fettled a Fa- (itory at CouUm, they riturncd to I'crtuga/, leaving Pf.cieco a valiant Commander wi'.h 300 Men, and three Ships to oppofe the T.^<tmmiH : With this fmall forte the Portutue^e A'lA Venders, repulling the Ca- leciitiatii in all the Attacks upoiiC'w/vw, and fupport- ed Trimuniparit in his Kingdom. The ncjct Year they were reinforced by a confiderable Aimada from Pntiii^til vmier I oPe^Suare:;, and acquired a mighty Reputation in InJia, The foti.'jue'i' having thus in fomc meafure e- ftabliflied thtmfclvesin hiiin. King /i»«(in«f/ lent Don h't/trcifco n Aimriiia in the Ytar 150^ to relide there with the Title of Vice-Rny : This Prince maintained the War with Ricat Cou'-igc and Hazard, during ihe tive Years that he governci'. And Alpl'onjo (f Mibu- ./ufr<7i(f that liiccecdcd him, took the Iflind and City of Gr, which was then maJe, and has c\er fince continued the Scat of the Governtncnt of the Pw///- ^ue^e Af.a : from hence they lent out Armies and Fleets, and cxtit.ded their Conquclls far and near, eltabliihing batflorics, not only all along that Coaft of Malabar, and the other of Cori'wandfl., but alfo all along the Bay, and the Coaffs of Pef^v, Sinm, Malaccr., and on mott of the I (lands, and poifcflcd for a long litre the whole Trade of the Imt.et ; till the Fngiijh and Dutch Nations pur in for a fhare with them. Smce that time the Poif/.^i fife Trade daily declined ; and in tlic AVar with the Dutch, in i66l. or. they were almolt expelled thefe Parts, having at prefent belides Gca, few Places of any Importance there. So much for the P^itu- ".uexe. The Difcovcry of the F.r.l}-ln(fi''i happened in the Reign of our King Hen'r VII. who was a Prince that loved his Money too much to fend it a- broad in fiich harardous Adventures; and as he re- fufed Cohmbu) Afliltaiice in the Dilcovery of /;»«f- rica, fo he neglected the Trade of the hrji-lmlie.i. His Son Heni) VII J. was otherwifeemployul all his Reign, as werchis twoSucccflbrs. But Qjiecn F.i- :^iibeth having happily fettled Afiai-sat lion e, and having the Tunptation of annoying her tnrny the Spaniard, applvtd her thoughts to b'orcign Expedi- tions, and on that account let out Sir Irancit Dml^e, ini',S7. with Commiificn to infclt the Sp:nia'ilnt\ all their diHani I'lamations. That great Man paf- fed the KUgcll.inic Strcights. and in the South Sta on theCoaft of thofc rich Provinces of C/n/i and Peru, took many and great Prizes frtmtheJ;4- niardi, and then ffood over to the Eaji'h.diei, whcrt touching at the Moluda lllands and itjna, was kindlv received, and having fi fhcientlv infurntcd the Natives of the Power and Grandur>- of the Queen of Etglntid, came home by the Cape of Good Hope, and arrived lafe with great Wealth, alter an abfence of three years, and having quite gene round the Globe. '1 his feems to be the tirft time that Engli/h Men had fecn the £«/?. Indies. In 1 5815. Tbo.Caiulifh, Efq, with like Commiirioii as Sir Frnncii Dral(e, fft rut on a fccon' C-rimiaii- gationofthe Globe, winch he alfo happily performoil in two years and a quarter. He, after hir had fufij- ciently annoyed the Spa'ii.:r,''s in the South Sea, ftood over to the Ladrones Iflands, thence to the fU- lipinei and to Java, and lo home by the Cape of Cciii. Ihpe. In 1591. Jamei Lancajler, trade a fucccfsful Voy- age for Trade to the Eajl-hdici. Being thuswcll informed of tlie Benefit of the /ffdVuii Trade, and inf^tudtcd intfie way thither, cur Nati- on refolvcd to put in for a (hare of it, and tlicfoi- having formed a Company, who advanced 71000 ; they obtained a Charter of Incorporation from the Queen, bearing Date, Dec. 31. 1600. whereby George Earl of CimibeilanJ, Sir 'jfJm Hart, H'lUicm Candifli, Jamci Laticafler, and ethers to the number ofiio. were conftituted a Body Politick, with Power to them and their Succcllbis to Trade to /ijrica and the Eajl-lndiet, forbidding all Others fo to I'o. This Company immediately fet out a Fuct of five Ships, who carried a letter from the Queen to the King of /Ichin on the Wand Sumatra, where they faltly arri- ved, and delivered the Letter, and were very kindly received. But the Po)tugve:(e who were fettled there, and at that rime being Subject to Spain included in our Wars with that Nation, intctefted thcmfelves exceedingly, in oppofing us at Achin, and according- ly with all their Arts, endeavoured to let the King »- gainftus. But as be wasa Man of too much Virtue to be led by them, and withal, the Fame of cur glo- rinus Vidlory over the Spanifh Armada in 88. having reached his Ears, he was fo far from being made our Enemy, that he became a very hcartv Friend, info- much, that he not only entred into a Capitulation of very favourable Terms for our Trade there, but alfo was fo kind to lend us his Afliftance, in difappoint- iiigthe /'o'fMf wf^f in all their Plots and Deflgns a- gainlt us. Here they took in fome Pepper, andpalfed -^n to Bantam in Java, where they fettled a good Cor- refpondenct teffondence and Ship inthcStaigh Failory at Wt/.fM Cargo. From ih and endeavours v the Iiuii-, But t Arts with the Nati tired the Trade vc: always return wi iliicded to the II they brought bad time Agents were 1 Ciiitinent : 'J'o \ litM-Mogul were (loy'dMr, Join M \lmk,i>.i afuTwardi pill.il llic thing V I'loiijiht the King tt liiiuaiKnis and i'rii »a)spencrted, am ihcr was v cry prcca 111 like ininiKr our ihat Co.ift, as we which to be Aire imil litablc, but that dii tor they continued .liilatlaft [Ociritr ivuhthe'jf.'f-.Vf;;«/i Trade, anl to fctti And finally in the '^ AmbaliaJor from Kii and got an Eftablifhn ncielliiryforourfecur accordingly ever fit Places ofthat King's Year 1614. our Ships ihey made 3. Treaty vv i2oiy winch lalk-d ibn en the Coaif of Co'f.w./ oi Golmda, with Jibe St. Gr,7;i', which is rcignty'oii that fide, : Company's Affairs bc\ ifce chief refort for all Out Nation hath alfo itn^ on the Coalt ;"^':v», near Gca. f '", on the Coaft of Company about 10 '^ Ouf^ln, Caffumbe:{ar., in B«^4//; at Agra, UkIh, Dabul, Pettap, ralothcrsintheDomit ilio in S)am, Camboi t'ianim, Tian, Fort iiini Sumatra. LikevN "■Imti and Bandermaffi The Engli/I} might M'ftets of many othci and Dutch have done, ificrto carry on t pe *ith the Inhabitants, Nations, to Enflave an Mtfaof tncir Wealth ai iliey have been every v Ficferv'J an unfpotted The States of lldtm ^J" in a condition to ft '« defence of the litt EASr-IN-DlES. 87 tcfffinclfnce and Faftory : Took a rich Portutuife Sb-.p in the Staights of Molucca, and having fctilrj a Failory at Aden, returned Hontc with a vcryuood Cargo. From this time Shins were lent every Year, md endeavours ufed to fettle Trade in all Parts of ihe /"."^J But the Prrtu^uefc and the Hutch, by Ari3 w»h the Naiivc«. and their own Villanics, ren- ilrcdthc Trade very (uncertain, and the Ships did not jlways return well I^cn. The firlt Voyages were ilircilU'J to the Iflan^, and the chief Commodities ihcv brought back were Spice. But at the fame lime Agents were employed to obtain a Trade on ihe Ciiitinent : To which purpofc Treaties with the ii-fji-Mi'l^iil were fet on loot, wliercin were em- (loy'dMr, ?i)/i< ■»'/7./f«/'it/firftin 1004. and Captain //jir^ili afterwards ill i^'ioj. Both thefe (icntlenien (iill.il ilic ihing witii great Zial, and frequently lioiii>ln the King 10 a good Temper, but by the In- limJiimnisand Tricks of \hQ Portugiiip, he was al- «HS perverted, and for lc\cral Years the T'rade thi- ihcrwas \try precarious. The Ontch were always III like ininncr nur Kiir tnies at Cvkcmtti, and on all itiJi CV.ift, 35 well as at the Spice-lflands. All tthich to be furr iniift have rendred the Trade unpro- litablc, but that did not difcourage the Company, 'or they continued their Trade with Diligence. Aiilitiaft ; Oi-.'c/fr 1611. ) a Treaty was concluded Willi the O'f'f-Vf:;/*/, whereby we were allowed free Trade, an) to (cttle Factories in his Dominions. And finally in the Year 1614. Sir 7V;(i. y^^oir- went Amballador from King Jitmn I. to the Giett-Mo^ul, and got an Eftablifhmentof I'uch Privileges, as were rnellary for our fecunty in Trade. Our Natitn has accordingly ever fincc, kept Fadlorics in divers Places ofthat King's Dominions. And m the fame Ycari6i4. ourShips were got asfaras;7/i;i.iw, where ihey made a Treaty with the King, and fettled'a Fa- dory which lalled fometiuic. Soon after iW.j./My;irtu« cntheCoaikof C(iiT.M.i;/(/f/, wa< obtained of the King of Gilctndu, with liberty to build a Noble Fort call'd St. Grci;/, which is the Seat of our Hiij^iijh Sove- reignty on that fide, and general Fadlory for all the Cjiiipany's Atfairs beyond Cape Comoi/n, as S«)j/ is the chief rofort for all Affairs on this lide that Cape. Our Nation hath alio the Sovereignty of thelfland S'mh) on the Coalt of Citmhia. The Illand An- Itiiin, neat (•''''■ Fort St. David'i near Srgnpit- i", on the Coaft of Coromandcl, purchafi'd by the Company about lo Years ago. And Faiilories at Oiif;/f>, Cixffumbe\iir^ I'aiana, Dr.ct and liillafore in iti^iill; at Agx"; Amadabnt, C/imb<iy,t, Broji.t, hsxxhi, Dabiil, Petlafoli and Mi!tfuiipatan,vihh feve- ralothcrsin the Dominions of the Gt em-Mogul ; as alio in S)«»i, Cambodin, Toiajuin, (3c. At Achiii^ Piitnim, Ti'ctx, Fort Bencouli n/i.l 'jAml'f on the Illand Ju»i4fr4. Likewifeinthc Ifland Uoinco,a.iSuc- ci^.mo and BundennaJJin ; and in Celebes at Mr.cr.ffcr. The EngliJ}} might eafily have made themfelves Maftcrsol'many other Places, as the PortugucJ. and t indfli(/c/j have done, but that they always chole ra- ther to carry on a peaceable and quiet Commerce V'^ith the Inhabitants, than by violating the Laws of Nations, to Enflave and Rob them at the fame time bothof tncir Wealth and Liberty ; on which account they have been every where kindly entcriam'd, and picferv'J an unfpotted Reputation. The States of llclUud, as foon as that Rcpublick I WIS in a condition to fpare her Men and Ships, from I 'iie defence ot the little Country they had got p,of- fcdionof, had their F.yc on tue i'.a/l-hidiit J'tide, which they wifely furefaw would exceedingly en- rich themfelves, and weaken then Enemy the Spa- niaid; to which purpofc they at firft endeavour'd to find out a new and nearer Palliige (hiihcr by the North, along the Coalfsof .Nmv.n, Lapi.wii, Si^v.i ^em/i/rt and Tartmy; but their Attempts at levcrai times proving unfiKcclsful ; in the Year 1515. they lilted out Four SJiips, under the Command of Cor- neliut Ucuimati, who having been before imploy'd in the Service of \\itPortugutJei, rut only Icarnithe Method of Sailing to thofe Coafts, but was alfo well verfed in the manner of Trafficking. 1 hus he let Stil the common way to the Cape oi Good-Hope, con- tinuing liisCourfe to Madagafcnt, SanHn-Mmia, and Antongil, and came to S(.»nj«r/i on the iith. ofJ;/«» 1596. Afrerward he palTed to iBin/im and I'libtim Java-M.iji ; and alfo to the Ifliilids of Mtidma and Sally ; whence returning homeward after a tedious and diflicuh Voyage, arrived in Hollitnd'm tlic Month of Augujl 1 597. without makinga Return of Prutitan- Iwerable to the Expedation of the Merchants. How- ever they were not all difcuurag'd from the like Ad- ventvrcs, but rather animnted by a Profpetil of Gain ; infomuch that the next Year, .U98. no lefs than 80 Ships fail'd out of the Ports ot Holland inA '■Zea- land, cither for \he Hnjt or Weft-Indies, of which Five were fent out bv the Authority of the States Cicneral, under the Condud iif Bi/'W/:' Miu'Je^ -n. Divers confidcrable Voyages were likcwil'e made Uy Oliver ^'ordt, Ceaye Spirbcig, and Jamei I'uri K c, belides other of lellcr note, undertaken at the Ex- pences of private Perfons, or petty Companies of Merchants of Amjierdam, Urterdum, X^ealand, Bi/i- bant, &c. until the States thought fi: to unite all the Adventurers into one Society, to Trade upon a com- mon Stock ; freely pcrmittinn any Ptrlbns to come in at faH, but prohibiting all others to Traflick, or re- pair to any Harbour from the Cape of Good-Hope to the Coaft of C/iiwrtforxi Years, 10 commence from the xoth. of Mart/', 1602. Whereupon, within 3 litile while was lais'd a Fund of 6gcooo Pounds Sterling, which in Six Years time was augmented to near five times as much, belides a yearly Divi- dend of 30 or 40, and feldom lb low as loyer Cent. Thus the Hollander, having in proccfsof time fettled themfelves in the moff remarkable Places of the hi:Jl- lud:s, and ingrolTed aliiiofi the whole Spice Trade, began to found a Commonwealth in thofe Parts, go- vern'd by a Stadt-Holda , as potent as the other in the NctherUndi ; although his Office, which was for- merly for Life, now continues only during three Years ; neverthclcfs in State and Grandeur he ex- ceeds not only the Stadt-Holder of the Vnited Pro- vince 1, but even mad Princes in Em ope. Indeed, the Strength and Greatncfs of the Hoilnnders arc at prefcnt come to fo high a pitch, as to dare to con- tend with themoft powerful Monarchs of the Levant, being able to put to Sea a Flett of 40 or 50 Men of War, and at the fame time to maintain an Army of 30000 Men on Land. For on the Coaft of Ma- labar they poflcls Onor., Barcelor, Mungalor, Can/tnor, Cranganot , Cochin, Coulam : On the Coaft of Corc- mondel; Tuticorin, Kegapatam, f^arl^alle and Patleacate, which they commonly call Gueldiia. lathe Pcnin- fula, Malacca. In the Ifiand of Ceylon, Scgumbo, Ciihimbo,Git'la, B.iticalf., Tiimjuimala, atvljnffhiipii- tain. A Fortrefs in the Illc of Man.ir. In 3<tvit, BatAvir., anciently known by the Name uf J.i.caira. Fadlorys in Borneo, Celebes, and divers other Places, befides I' .1; I l.^l'il 88 BAST-fN'DJES. ri j 1. bcfidet (be entire f cficfli«n of the i&uvi» of iim/t, Amioytm and BunJa, and fevcral Forts on the A/, /tic- k's, (ic. They like wile keef Fadoriesiti almoftall the Trading Town* ibrouahout the whole Continenc of hdtn, cndeavniiring, if it were poifible to get in to iheiiHandi the Monopoly of all iiannetof Com- moditin, as they have of Spice- The Dunti and F>enth, in eniulation to other hun- f(tn Kinftdomi, have likewife fought for a Share in the Traffick in the Rafi-lmUet. The fornncr indeed have eltablifh'd a confiderahle I'rade in the Bay of BetiTdl, and on the C'oalt of Prgu ; as alfo in loine iiitje Iflandi toward the South, but ate Maflets only of two Placet, whereto they repair, both lying on the Coaft of Coxmitidtl, vi«. I{r<ink.'l>*r and Ditnihwg. The Frrm-fe in the Year 1664. eieiSed a Company for the Commerce of the Htji'lndiei, wliicb having fixt their chirf Relidence and Factory in the IHe of M/niagir/cm, on ihcCoaft of Africa, Ihould from theiKe Traffick into Vcrfu, Imlia, Chin.t, Jaf»n, Cff. But they have not been able to carry on tbck Detign with the cxpc(3ed Succefs, aJihoiigh ibcy flill conti- nue earneftly toprolecute it, and have lately got fenM Interetl in the Cfourt of the King of Siam. Thus much in general of the Eap-Inditt. (pTolem 'oUnf, Sit/ikii, and the other ancient tlwer-j phers divided W(4 mioTwuFarn only, that i«, with refpeA to the Kivcr (.tngti ■ the Weftrra being Ailed Intrt, and the Eattern £xri<i Ciwrm. Btit in regard that Indefttin or the Empire otthe Critu-Mefiui, lie* on both lidei that River, andii all fubjcSl CO one Piincc, 'twill be more proper to reckon that ai oae Part. AdB the Two PtninJ'ult or large Promontories, that'aunch out into the h- tiinn Ocean, on each flde of the Bay of Binvnit, we may reckon Two other Parts : Sothatthe Continent of India is divided into Three Parts, vij^. I. INDOSTAN or the Empiie of the Gr(4/. Mogul. IF. The PENINSULA rf INDIA with in, or on the Weft tide the River GANGES. III. The PENINSULA of INDIA beyond, or on the Eaft fide the G A N Q E S. Each of thefc contains many Kingdoms, as wljl be (eea in the following Survey of the whole. MO C MOGU. Cdntrttn Atiul Ctnttur lUlitui •"In C. Cantor elKt 0.t T »HAT"1 nou- ,, . i\ho\ Country of the Arpellation of i tHe Original Pofll "f Monarchs wh 'i4d Dopiinion EAST^WDIES. 99 MOGULISTAN^aNDOSTAN , The Empire of the GREAT MOGUL Muiantcui- "• ^^ • J tint* ■|B»e/-<«r "^Ik? - •^'^>''n^r -'i».Jle/felmere -"'^ •'^ R.tn« ./■**■ ^ Tibo INDIA or the MOGUL'SXmpre 5.^ti£^^"-'-— ^4^^^ ^Jaria * '•fjffkan '''%„a-" rr^**"^ * I <^'*"<:^-'' •'"'■''""■' Sorrt Ait r Of vV,«r>'.l/i C « I >r A Semhtv l CtroMtnrt j--^^-. Tux Bay C. Comcnh TH E /g AKrCE ,S r li'T".! JAUrU: . tttuHnhtin ban JC^/jiv/iS^ <i Jit ^***" ^J^ '^'C ■**"^« j,itint "^ — . \ .1*1 t.4mi>V'i/i i^ J*i<ifn ,rlon I . •i/^ J ^7r.;A^«ifli, ^'"••■•"'- '■ MJd, iva^ -j,,/^ iiuas* t J'yrrtt^r I jsr n r A Tsr »VS<rtf/rtr a jBivtktrt A J", vi, ' ^. ConJor Sea. THAT M*,n lanJ of ^N 6 f ^, «|iich the ^Jm., l.avi Rucn IBM fllB llllllll Vf ^^0, now compofes ihe Epipirc o{ the Grent whither from the whitcneft of ili«f *>''«'' '"'^o.'n- \la<.ul, had formerly rhc name of panfon of the Tawncy i«i/M«/, or from the ?«lation I\h0ST/lN or HrSOOVfSTAN, i. e. The of M5«£u/ Ta.Mr,, I cannot Determine, tor each Opi- Countrv of the HW™.', whiA xws the general nion has i's followers. Fro n this Name, the whole Arnellation of tbeC;<-r'V« Inhabitants, 5^-ho were Country bears the name ot M<ig«/;y^rt". thV Original Poflcffors of it. But theprefept Race The Rounds of it arc, jM^^y on the North ; of Monarchs who h>vc fpr iflo Years l,ft pad, the Penmfula of W.« wub.n 6.««", >n^..''"=S'a l.4d Dopiinion here, bein^ of the T""-.. Ext »<*, called the Bay of Br«i:./ on the South ; M^-^-'|^- ■A m 'V h ^'b^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 111 150 1^ i^ I.I Km l^ IIM M 1.8 1.25 1.4 1,6 ^ 6" *» Photographic Sciences Corporation v S V ■^ ^^ - % \\ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 >» 6^ 6^ i 1 $0 EASt^lNVlES. GutiTem, or the Kingdoms of Pegu and Ava, and Thibet on the Eaft ; and Perfia on the Weft ; ex- tending from the loth. to the 40th. Deg.fof^oith Latitude, and from the 8id. to the 1 1 jih. Deg. of Longitude. The Form of the Country is almoft Square, anJ contains 1 500 Miles from Eaft to Weft, and I zoo from Notch to South. In refpeA to the Heavens, it is feated under ihp Third, Fourtb, Fifth and part of the Sixth Climates, whereby the longell Day in the North partis i^H. 48 m. and in the South part 13 H. \6'm. thus the South Part litj witliin the Torrid-Zone, and the o- ther Parts are generally Mtcelfive Hot. But in the horteft Part of the Year, the rainy Monfoons refreih the Earth and cool the Air, to the very great relief of the Inhabitants. For as at Sea in the Parts lying between tlie Tropicks, the Winds ate periodical, and blow conftantly from the fame Quarter at the fame times of the Yiear, fo here at Land, the Rains return conftantly at July, the reafon of thofe perio- dical Winds, called Monfoons or Trade Winds, has been accounted for in ourlntrodudtion, by that very Judicious PhilofopherMr.fii/mwni Halley. The reafon of the Periodical Rains, was attempted by Mr. Btrnier from his own obfervation on the fpot ; who gives us this Judgment on it ; namely, Tbeex- ccifive Heat of the Sun at that Seafon of the Year when thcfe Rains happen, hasthefe twoefl'efls, Firft, It exhales vaft quantity of Vapour from the neigh- bouring Seas, which hangs condenfed in thick Clouds in the middle Region of cooler Air. And Secondly, The fame Heat exhales all moifture out of the Earth, and exceedingly Rarifies the Air over it : Whence it moft naturally comes to pafs, that the Clouds from the Sea, being driven by the Wmd over the Earth, arc eafily received into this finer lefs re- (ifting Air ; and ^vithal the Heat of the Earth at thar time atcradting, the Clouds 4o necelfarily dif- cliargc themfelics and fall in Rain. Which is con- firmed by the Obfervation, that the fooner the Heat l>egins, the fooner do the Kains come, and alfo that the Rains begin not till fome Days of Cloudy Wea- ther be paffed, whence we may infer, '^zt the Spa- ces more forward that are equally rarifit 1, nmft be firft filled with Cloud', which moft probabK fub- mit to the force of the Wind, and fly on till they are Hopped by more denfe Air, or perhaps oppofiie Winds. But to proceed, Thcfe Rams put the Earth into fo due a temper, that the Plants fpring up with incredible fpeed, and that in moft various forts, and delicious kinds. Rice being the Corn of moft general ufe, is chiefly cul- tivated, but they want not Wheat, which grows plumper and finer here (fays SirTio. i^ow) than in Juropt. Grafs is cut and ufed gteen, not made into Hay. Their Gardens arc planted with delicious Fruits, fuch as Dates, Figs, Primello's, Pomegra- nates, Plantains, Tamarinds, Anana's, Brindoins, Jamlio's, Cayans, Myrobolans, and others, unknown in I'.urofe, as \icll as Mango's, Almonds, Coco's, Oranpes and Lemons (but of thcfe laft not very food ) the Arcck and Bctelc-Trces ; and the eaiiblc loots, as Carrots, Potato's, Onions, Garlick and Ginger. In Ihort, the Mould is fat and rich, and produces all the neccffary and beautiful Plantt anu Flowers that can be eipedcd in tbcClimate. But it muft be noted, that the Land is in many Parts in- cumbered with Mountains, which being of fandy Soil are Steril; yet thefe have theii Excellencies in yie'dirg Stones of Value, as lafper, Agat, Gra- nates, Chryfolitcs, Amethyfls, Riibiss, and fome Diamon4s. The Roads are frequently ihaded with large tall Trees, whereof many grow here, whofe Wood is of much more folid Contexture than any in Europe ; and one Tree efpecially remarkable, •! mean that commonly called the Bannean-Tree, which fpreadi it felf fo, as to make in 4 manner the whole Foreft it felf i for the young Boughs bend downwjud till they touch the Earth, and there takfr ftefh Root, and be. come a new Tree joined to its Mother, which goei on in new Plantations to innumerable Trees, alt conjumft and proceeding from one Mother Root. From the Palm and from the Toddy-tree, the People by wounding rhe Trunk cxtrad a Juice, which if- fues plentifully, and is a delicious Drink called T47 and Nerj, which the Women and common People drink inftead of WiiK, whereof none grows in hiiiU, They have the Art of Piftillation, and extraft a rich Spirit from Rice called Arack, wbicfi is drank by the better fort. Cartel and wild Beafts are plentiful, as Sheep who have great fat Tails ; Oxen with a great Bunch on the Back ; Buffalo's v. '.ufe skin is fmooth with- out Hair, thrir Flelh is not very good, but their Milk is pleafanr ; Goats and Den very common, being not tnclofed in Parks as here ; Elks and Antelopes very flroiig and fierce ; Apes and Baboons veiy nu- merous. For Service here are Alfes, Mules, Dro- medaries, which are very fwift of Foot, Camels and Oxen, which are generally ufed for drawing Coaihes, Wagons, Pltjw, ©c they are mettlefomt and adive, and will Trot at a good round rate, Horfes are not Natives of this Land, but are brought from I'e'jU and Ambit, and therefore highly prized, and very kindly ufed, they are of curious make and Coloiir, high Mettled, and ufed onlv in War and Pleafure ; for want of Oats and Barley, they feed them with a Corn called Oin i fomewhat like Tares, which they boil and mix with Butter and Sugar, Cthe Tranflator of Gimelli makes » merry Remark on this, but many other Trayellers fpfakine the fame thing, I believe that Remark was needlefs. ] They ha>eplentyof Elephants, which growjo Years and live to 1 00, in full Stature are i j Foot high, yet as eaiily governed as a Horfe, except at Rutting time, at which time they break out into violent tov- ings. The Rhinoceros is another Creature Native of this I^nd, he grows to the Stature of the latgcl' fized Ox, and is covered with a Hide as tough a Horn, which lies in Folds like Armour upon his Back, and has in his Nofe a ftiarp ftrong Horn grow ing upright. The Forefts are fiU'd with Lions,! ygcr.«. Wt.jfi,, jackalls, and other wild Beads ; as alfo >cr- pents of woiulcrtul Magnitude ; and the Hcufes are infeftod with Lizards, Scorpions, Mofchites, G^f. They have Fowl botli tame and wild of very ma- ny kinds, and their Rivers yield excellent Fifh. For Sale, the Land yields Cotton which is tht prime and Staple Commodity, Indigo, Sugar, 0- pium, Afla-Fetida, Aloes, Borax, Salt-petre, Lacqjje, and other Gums ; Calfia, Camphor, Sandal-wciod, Precious-ftonesj Bezoar-ftonc found in the Stomach of a Goat ; the Scrpentine-ftone found in the Head of a Seroent} Civet, Ginger, and other Drugs All whicn tof,,.:>er with the Manufa(fiares, asCili- co's and Muflings of all the fineft Sorts and Stains, wrought Silks of many kinds ; Cabinets, Scritoires, and other curious Wood Works very finely lacquer'd, and many other pretty Toys, are Commodities that pleale EAST^INVIES. 5>i pleafe the World fo well, Ewopi: cfpecialJy of late Years, that not only all forts of ufeful Commodities are bio'ight to exchange for 'em, but even lb much Silver is paid toballancc the Trade ; that fome com- pute, that the greatefl Part of ilie Wealth of the whole World centers in bidiii. The PEOPLE oibidojlnn are generally handfome and well made, none being crookea or dcform'd. The iniiinm are of an Olive, or dark fawney Com- plexion, the Moguls more fair. They are of ftrong and quick Apprchcnfion, ready Wit and good Fancy, jnJ ingenious in all manner of fine Miinufaftory. They arc Civil to Strangers, profoundly Sobmidive (0 their Governors ; Tunoiuous and Cowardly to ihcir Enemies, and mean .pirited in their common Aiifions ; the [{r.jnpores, I'ottini and ^-^j/joo/cj excepted, who are Gniratjiois, and eftcemcd goodSfddicrs. In K F.I I G ION, the M^(./'sare Mnl omet.wi, and the Nacural hidiavs are I'agani. Thefe laft generally be- lieve a Mctcwp'y.r ']s or Traiilinigration of Souls, whence they are txtreamly fcrnp'^bis of killing any living Creature, left they liillv.rb the Soul of their Aiicclbr. They arc divided into many TRIBES, who lonftantly Herd together and Marry in their own Clans; there are 84 Tribes of them: The chief ivhcreof .ire, the Br,icl}mans or Bnmines, which are tlie I'nelh ; the lijijifiri-i, who are of Princely ex- v}l&, and profef Arms ; the lUnians who arc Mer- chants; the i{tiibctcs or Cuttcrys, who profefs Arms, but live upon Rapine, ;tnd lu'.imit not to the Govern- ment, theft prucnd to be thcDcfcendantsof l{:;.i\ j ihereftbcing generally Mcchanicks, arc comprehend- ed under the compcllacion of Hoods or l-1}l"i. All ihcfe conftantly purfue the Profciliou and Trade of their Family, and marry Daughters of fuch; lo that a Carpenter's Son mull be a C.irpentcr, and ni.ury a Carpenter's Daughter, and a Smith's Son a Smith, and fo on. The M.tho»iitii?ij are Ufs ftitf here than in Turi^'v, and are more civil toC/jri/ruMj ; they marry fjur Wives, but the Indi.ws take but one at a time ; however, thofc too make it up in Concubines, which they generally keep. The Wife of the b,dia>i\ as wc haveelfewherc faid, niuftbe burnt with hcrHu;:band, unlefs the Governor forbids it. Thefe two People are known by luiropcam, under thefe two general Denominations. M00l{S MvlGU^lVnS, the former being the Muhomctitm, and the latter the Pagans. The BUILDINGS of the Com ^on-People are ge- nerally low and poor,but the Publick ones in fomc of the chief Cities arc very Pompous. The Materials are Brick, Timber and Stone, and fonictimes Mar- ble. In 'Towns of Trade they have Sheds or Bulks before the Houfes, which fcrvc for Shops to fet out Goods for Sale ; and they every where plant Trees iboui their Houfes, which makes the Towns fccm at a diftance like Forefts. The Houfes arc no: a- bove two Story, and have Hat Roofs terra iVd for con- Knience of receiving the Evening Air upon them. The inlide Furniture is but ordinary, a Mat or Car- pet on the Floor, and the Walls painted, withCu- Ihionsor Pillows round about to fit crofs'd legg'd up- on is all. The better fort have them in richer man- ner, and have Court-yards wherein they have Tau{s or Ponds of Water, which are fed from fomc di- liint Well or Stream, and (haded with Trees .- this with their Smrais or Entertaining-room, and their Gardens they Pride themfelves in, and therefore make as fine as they can. In their Vifits they are al- ways prcfentcd with Betele, which we have clfcwhcre 'old you, is chaw'd with Pleafurc by all Indiam. . The Diverfions are Hunting and Fowling, of both which here are much Game. They TRAVEL in ill built Coaches drawn by Oxen ; and the better fort in P,Urtn.]m)is, which are kind of Couches carried up- on Men's Soulders. The Wagons or Carts for carry- ing Goods, are drawn by eight or ten Oxen, which being ill built, are commonly attended by Piois a fort of Soldiers, who at a fmall Pay go along with Caravans to hold up the Wagon from overturning in bad Way. In Travelling you muft carry Provifions, for there arc no Inns upon the Road. Their Weapons in War are Bov) and Arrow, Sword, Buckler, Lance, and fometimcs Fire-Arms, but thefe lafl they care not for, as too violent for their Cowardly N.-ituies. A Train of Artillery attend the Army, whereof fomc are very large Pieces. The fiidiaii LANGUAGE has an Affinity with the Pnfir.ti and Arabick^ biit is rcckon'd fmoother and ealicr pronounced, and is alio very comprchenfivc. They have a peculiar Alphabet, and write 'from Left to Right. The Pofian 1 anguagc is ufed ac Cour* j and the Ecclcliaflicks ufe the ^hJ'ick,. They have Arljlotle and /liicen in j-lrnbu\, but fl»dy them little ; being in general but indiflfcrent Scholars. Aftrology is in great Repute with them ; and at Legerdemain and (trargc Feats of Adivity, they arc moft won- derful Ariifts. The Tricks play'd by thefe People, feem to be beyond Humane Power. They take ve- ry little Phyfick, and rather choofc to cure Difcafcs by a flrid Regimen. They h.ivc no Clocks or Sun- Dials, butmeal'ure the Time by W.iter dropt out of one Velfcl into another, which a Man attends, and ftrikes upon a Brafs Pan when 'tis empty. The Day is divided into four Parts, and the Night into four Parts. 1 he common MONEY of Mo:^H///7rtw, is the Mn- mood value u. the l\p:ipie which is of the value of a- bout ii.4(/.Sfc/7. grofs Sums arc reckoned by a /,«/;<•, which is 1 00000 I^tipiis and a Crow, which is 100 Leckt', and /Ircb which is io Cioiis. There arc Gold Hpiipi,'', which are of the value of ij Silver ones. And P<i!" . --'s of Gold, which are the Coins of Hiij/t'a o^pctt^ Kings, and vaiu'datpor tos.Stol. ThcGOVERNMENT is Abfolute, and the King ■ At^itrary, he pi .cs Lands and takes tlicm away at Plcifiir, anddcckres the laws as he thinks fit, there being nr Statutes but his Commands. The KING appears publi.kly in his Palace twice a Diy, thefirft time tor Adminiftring Juftice, and givi.jg Publick Audience to his SubjecSls ; and thcfecond time which is in the Evening, to give particular Audience to his Omr/'hs^ and Officers, and treat on the important Af- fairs of State; at both which Appearances, the Om- r/ii ! are botind to attend. At the tirft, which is be- fore Noon, the Elephants, fine Horfes, the Soldiery, and any Cundfiiies which the Ommbs have to fliew, arc made to pafs before the Kng. This Monarch is very great both in Power and Wealth, maintaining an Army of 300000 Horic, and 400000 Foot, belides 3000 Elephants. His Menial-Servants are 36000, which arc paid every Month at three to ten l^oupir'a a Piece. Seve- ral "Thoufands of Beafls and Birds wild and tame, and 300 Elephants for his own Service, which are high fedand richly harnaffed.arekept atCourt; where- by he is fuppofed to expend 50000 {{oufietpn diem. And his Annual Revenue is computed by Sir Tho. /^»ivc, at 5 JO Millions of l^oupies. But Xhivenot reckons it at, but 330 Millions of Fic"c/!i Money j which (jimelli corrci^s, and Tiys he wasinform'd, N 1 iha Hli!l, 1 ■ !| prf i' ■riH nm m iilli >^:i m' '\ 29 EAST^INV^ES. m hU n I ' i j ihe Revenue of ibc Heiediiary Countries, befidcs the Conqiicns, amounts to 800 Millions of /(.w/pjfi. His Treafury is cxccflivc Rich in Money, Jewels, VelTels of Gold, Amber, Agat, and other Stones, Cloath of Golr, coftly Rarities, ^c. valued fays M<inrfi'/- Jlc, at 1 500 Millions of Crowns, The fame Author gives an Inventory of Ecliimr^a Treafury, which 'tis true does not amount fo much, but he remarks that he was inform d 'tis now much richer. The Provinces are govern'd by the Omrahs, who hold the fame Government but a iliort time ; Sir T/;o. !{orv fays but one Year, and then return to Court to give an Account of their Condudt, where they are fure to bePuniflicd ifthey have not acquired themlclvcs fairly. And under the Governors are two forts of Judges, Civil and Criminal to Adminifter Juftice to the People. The King hai four Prnicipal Sccrctariesof State, to fupcrintcnd under liim \n the four Br.inches of Go- vernment J vi:{. I . The Bitgjci, who has the care of the Army, and fees that the 0»i..!..j keep their Regi- ments full, and pay the Soldiers duly. i. A.iciet, who takes care tliatjufticc be duly Adminiftrcd by the judges, and informs the King of the Adions of his Minifters ; which by the way the King is very ttridt in, and keeps Spies upon every Body. 9. Hhc Divan, who divides the Land to the Oinrahs and other Com- manders, and lees that they do not opprefs the Inha- bitants. And 4. Cniifamon, who is the High Trea- furer, and lays before the King every Week, an Ac- count of the Income of each Province, the Week's Payments, and the reft in Cafli. And in regard th.it the extent of the Empire is too large to take all in at own view, particular Provinces arc appointed for particular Days, as Agra, Dehli and Lalm on Mcniii-.^, Bengal with Pntna on H'eiitie/iia)^ Cw^crai on Thwj- duy, and fo every Day except Friday, which being the Sabbath no Bufiiiefs is done. To all which par- ticular Audits, beliiics th» two Pn'olick daily Au- difiires Atircng-X^ebc ■ fail'd to attend. The NOBILITY ci.j.y Tules, as tV ,t« or Duke, K-ibnb or Lord, Mir^r.b or General, and Om,al; which may becnglifli'dCok net, butfecms to have a higher Dignify. But the fignificant Difliniflion, is the nmibtr of Horfc wluch they have under tlicir Com- mand ; the hiphcft { ot which there are but four Coiiunanti 120C0. others 8, 6, "5, 4000 and Icfs, in piopLirtion to tl'c Kinj^'iFavdur downto lo,thelowcft of wliii li Commanders arc called Munfebilars. The Troops are paid by the Oz/r ihs, who have Lands gf- figucd theui to that purpofe, whirh Lands or Fiefs called (iicilifn are very profitable, fomc yields a Million arid iiaitot /(im; j per Amnnti, anil the very largcll of all yield as mi th pa Month ; they are more oriels, proportion iic 10 the Troops they Command. Of thele OHir,:/ J. there are about 40 in number, who live in grt.it State and I uxury, but can leave nothing to their Family ; for at thcit Death all their Eflatt: goes to the King, whence it often happens, that thi^ Son of fuch a Man is little better than a Bugar. The l{ii i\ aie either 1 . Tlieconqucr'd Princcs.who fubmittingro the King, havchoiiouiablePoftsin the Governiiiem .Ttid attend t'.ie Court : Or 2. the petty Kines who [.ay hint Tribute. Ine K''i .J and OunrJ's keep Guard at the King's Palace in theit turns, the firmer within the Forttels, andthe latter in the outer Courts. The King's con- ftant Guard are called Hnddies, and are about 5 or 6000 in number, but he has an out-guaid of 40000 Horfe. When he Trave's icccod Soldier; .ittcnd him, together with a Train of as many more of 0- thcrforiot Attendants. His Scr.iyjio contains a very great niiiiiber of Wo- men, 1 000 or 12C0 as reported, who are richly maintained and Guarded by iiumich<;. At the Publick Feltivals, cf thr New- Years Day. and the Kini^s Birth-Day, all the Nobility and iMi- aiders of State make ricii Prcfciits to rh ' Kiii;.». On the Birth-Day the Kinc wigh's himfelf wiih great Solemnity, in Scales of Gold aHorn'd with Dia. monds ; Bales of Silk, Gold, or other rich CoTinio- ditics being put in the oppofite Scale : ami when 'tis over, He diftributes Prrlems cf Artificial Fniir, Flowers, G'c. made in (joLI, amc.ng tlie Cour- riers, and an Alms among the People. But this mighty Monarchy is not of very ancient Date, for bendes the lliri.iorrs already mention'd, we read in all Accounts of the ancient Srati of this Country, of the I'otans a numerous Peep c that pofl'elfcd Bni^z-ll, and all the Provinces of the Em- Pirc, Eaftwardof the G.irij'-j : .nnd nioltot thcothct rovinces had particular Kings til! the time of Ect^^ bar, who was the Son of //omnw, whofc Father .\/i>- iah Babor defcendcd from one of the Sons of the Great Tiittierlanc, was the firft of the I'lUt.v Raco which at prcfcnt (its on this Throne. The HISTORY whereof in ll.ort is thus. Wt the Death of T./i which happened foon after the Year 1400, Tana^y vv.is diviiicJ .imong his Sons, in which Divifion Af/-tv.-t a/jc/v: ij, (ther- wife called :^rlgaih.y, fell to the: Lot nt I'ir Ma- homed, Son to the cidcft Son of Tame'iaiir, from whom defcendcd A/.Vr^/) Br.bor • who being c.\;'el''J his own Country by thcT.'/.'"',:;j his Ncirhb^i.rs, made himfelf Maflcr of that part of hid'Jr-.v which Iny next hiiTt,and dying in the Year i 5 5i,lcft ittei Irs SonHr- ma-,en. He had VV'ar-i with his younger Brother ihat confpircdagainrt him.burwas .iriirted hy thcFmfcrcr of Pcifia, whofe I')aitghrcr he marrieil, and Rcign'd till 1551, when dying lie left hi^ Kingdom to Ins Son. lickpai , a Prince of great Valour, \Vi:ilom and For'une, to whom m.-.y more properly be- imputed the Foundation of the prcfcnt Mooarchy ; tor it was he that extruded it to the Grandeur we n,'w Ice it, by the Conqueft of Tafta, (■,.■■«.'■/»>.!, )in{ii!l , Chi/oi, C.ijjliuee' , .and man\ other e-onlidcraMcKiKg- doms. He died of a Poifon prepai'd for an Enemy, and by millake taken by himfclf .-/. D. 1604, in the 5'id. Year of his Reign : and Icftone Son named S'/',; Seliw, who for rebelling againft his Father had been imprifon'd for fome Years ; and now at his Death fome of the great ones endeavour'd to put him by.and advance hisSonf.'((i(/f'o»totheThtonc;howcvcr, Sha Selim obtain'd the Crown, and took upon him- felf the Name cf "Jchav-Guirr, or as it is corruptly written J'^ni.'/'fei: But as he had been an unnatural and ungrateful Rebel to his Father, he was now paid in his kind, and his Rcigii was full cf Dtfturbance!, His eldeit Son CiiJJerco began his Confpiracics with his Father's Reign, and in a little time apprar'd sr the Head of an Army againft him, but was defeated, and imprifon'd the reft of hii Life. After that his third Son Curroctir, having had Succcis in the Con- queft of Ocean, and by that means obtain'd an Efteem in the Army, his Ambition promp'cd him to fct up for himlcif ; accordingly he declar'u War, and fought a long and hazardous Battle with the Emperor's Army, but was at iaft defeated and forced to to fly*. Soo count of Ne whom he w govern him which gave anc! mac'e th from thi< ai fci?edboth I itiiffof Amci: madeelcape; ihcmfclves wi had been kill being dead, (liiifc'i Sons. ar.d J e!'!iti- Gil I tin Bullxin thi he W.1S oppof( whn prctendei Shnjii, to w! But file was f committed to out •• and next Ciior.cnr, wl Expedition ag and caiifed hin Name of ,?/•<- fclf on the Thi /';', the Sons o the Blood, whc cf ylfr.ph-Chan, nwffrarion in th liicrcd I y Villai afeendcd the Tl fain to be very t dearorr by mil the Minds of hi: .He was kepi tin ■'■•, who was c perorof Peiii,i a i'fcofif(\cafio 'he Rcipnrf S! r to the People, tl 'he .Ambition of fjur or five Yea ^' ^ Su!ian <■/// Who wUcu tlv, bincMtlic:r F.irl'i rreveur MifehK them Governor Empire, ih^ cK Coxf.t But in intoaSiekiiels, hisPerfoii, occal which coil iiig lyesch let forw; and pi Ih for rli, and was hrfl del berry. w«,c,;;- t!on, ard woiihi therefore joined fl.K^'e, aini wit dell, whofe Ar.i file of ./;;,/, an But as foon a: V^e threw off . whom he had en 'lie eafier dcf at Jeavoiir'd to ma of Allien^- Tcbr^ and hunted abo'u E AS 1-lN'D 1 ES. to fly. Soofl after a Civil Dilfcution happeii'd onAc- count of Ncurmahel, one of ihc Emperor s Wives, whom he was exceeding fond ot, .ind perniittej to govern him and the Empire jnft as fhe pleafcdj which gave great DifgiiO to the Miniflcrs of State, anci mai'c them raife an Anny to fepaiate the King from till' arbitrary Woman. And in ciTcdl they fci zed both him and her. but at the Emperor's Pro- miR' of Amendment relcafcd Her, and foon after He made cfcape ; fo that the Lords for their fafety [oined thcmrdviS with Cii^ooMf, In whom rH//i:roi inPrilon hail liccn killed, and I'etvis the fecond Brother being dead, Ctimone wis now the cldcft of JrlMit' (uii'c'i Sons. Thefe iVlisfortiincs broke his Heart, ir.dJi-1'.i'i-Giiiic liied in the Year 1627. naming Snl- tin Biillxi': the Son of Culjcnio for his Succcflbi . But he w.is oppofcd, ftrlt by the ambitious Hmrm/thc/, who pretended to fet up the fourth Brother Sultan Shnj'ii, to whom ihe had married her Daughter. But flic was fbon defeated by Bulluchi, and Sherjar committed to clofc Imprilonmerit, and his Eyes put out •■ and next by Cunr.cnr, who during the abfence of Bcllcchiin his ExreHition againft Sheij.ir, pot poileiFion of ^^ra^ and raiifcd himfclf to be proclaimed Emperor by the Name of Shr-.-jcr.-.n • and foon after contirm'd him- fclf en the Throne by the Deaths of Bultocbl, Shcr- j/i', the Sens of I'nvis, and all the other Princes of the Bldoii, whom by the Affiftance and Contrivance of /Ifr.pl-cl-m, the Infhument of all the Male ad- niiftrarion in the late Rei^n, he caufed to be mur- ihcrcd I y Villains in the Caille of Lahor. But as he afccntied the Thrcnc by thefe bloody Steps he was fain to be very cautious in his Government, and cn- dcavoir by mild and gentle treatment, to fwecten the Minds of his Subjects and keep thciTi firm to him. .He was kepi the more in awe by a counterfeit Bullo- :■'•!, who was chcrilhed and entertain'd by the Em- peror of Pcili.i as the true one, and rcaJyto be made vfc of if (\cafion offer'd. So that upon the whole, the Reipn c{ Si /■-Jrl:/tn',wa'i very peaceable and happy ;o the People, till the latter end of it ; when through liic Ambition of hi^ Sons, there wore bloody Wars for four or five Ycaf. Sh.i-jeh.in had four Sons, Oarn- ^'■-i, Sultan f///.i/', /Uhrvjr-'^cic, and .Word./ S.<c/^/'f : Who when thoy grew up, manifeftcd the fame Am- bition tliciv r.iflicr had been guilty of; ^vhercforcto rtivinr Mil. Imf lie fcpararcd them, by appointing thim Goveiiiois if Proviinis at diftant Parts of the Empire, ihu eUicft only being allow'd to tarry at Const Rutin thcYear 165^. the Emperor falling iiitii a .Sickncfs, tf.it (ibli[_;<d him tn deny accefs to his Perfon, occalinm-i! ;i S'..lpirii>n ihrit he was dead; which mil iiig to thi- I'rinccs Ears, ihey immediate- ly each let forward to oppofc iliiir lilder Brother, and pi Ih for tin Crown : Sultan !>uif.h arriv'd firll and was hrft dcfcarcil, bnccfap'd with Life and Li- berty. t^wetl•^-'^^i•c pretend that he had no Ambi- tion, and would content hinilelf \< ith a private Life, thctcfore joined with his younger Hioihcr Morud- h.-ickjc, and with hint ii;irt h d a};ain(l D<;ivithe el- dclt, whofi' Anry ihey i!i:feai<d, and fcizcd the Ca- iHe of .7;; ,1, and the Perlon ot the liiiipcm^ Biitasfoon as he liai.! di nc his Buliml.s, .iuniig- \fbe threw otf the Ma^k and feiz'd Min,ui-lliicl{l;c, whom he had only made a property of, that he might the eaficr def at Ona. who lied to (;.•..-(•'.:.■, and cn- deavour'd to make Hf .id ag.iin, bur by the .Subtilty of W/irfK^-Y/"-, be was tlefoated in all his Deligns, and hunted about from Place to I'lacc, till at iaft he ^3 fell into the Toil, and was delivered to hiin ; And having expos'd him to view all ovtr/f(/M,hcfent hint Prifoner to Gti-tircr, where MirnA-'H.ukhe was alio confin'd : and fcon after even hUimud the eldeft Son of AuTeng-:!!j:he, was committed to the lame Place. This Yoiuig Gentleman was a Pctfon of great Bravery, and had been fucccfsful infcizing theCalHc of /igra for his Father, and in an Adlion againft his Uncle Stijnij ; and as fome write, had Ihcwed his Fidelity, in refuting very advamagio.is offers his Grandfather made him when he feizcd the Cadle. But whether he had really Ambitious! hoiights after- wards as his Father fuggcllcd, or whether tlicScr- \ices he had perfotni'd, were too threat to be. paid to a jealous Prince, and created in the Father a Sufpicion only, that he might poifibly make an ill ufe, of the Reputation and Interelt he had in the Army, as is by others allcdgcd ; '^ii,cvg-:s^cbe\n ^ Letter which fell into Mnhmud's h.inds, eiprefs'd himfclf difpleafed with his Son's Conduct : Which fo ftartled him, that he fled for Safety to Ins Uncle %'.»/', who was retir'd to Bengal. To him he of- fered his Service, but upon his Father's Proniifc of Pardon, and aifurancc of Favour, he was fiion drawn off; And when he rcturn'd committed clofc Prifoner. Sultan Stijah the elder Brother, rnd on- ly furviving Competitor with /ttircng-:yU, was fo diltreffed, that he was forc'd to fly to ylrri-.can:^ where he received not the Entertainment he ex- pelled , and endeavouring to revenge himfclf, loll his Life. And finally, the Son of Dara the cldeft Brother, being alfo taken Prifoner ; /luren^- \cbe demanded the Invcftiture of the Government, and required the Oaths and Homage of the Ommhs as ulual. But wasoppofcd in it by the C'/idi or High- Prieft, which being a difficulty neceffary to be re- moved, he fummon'd a fort of Council of the Do- (ftorsof the Law, to whom he propofcd the Legality of hisafcending the Throne, and vindicated his own Condudk ; alledging his Brothers were, one a Fa- vourer of Infidels, another a Drunkard, and another a Kerctick, and his Father by Age and Infirmities in- capable of Governing : But that hiiuftlf had been always a tttid: Obfcrver of the Law, and had in- tended to have turn d Hermit, if the Ambition of his Brothers had not raifed luh Feuds in the King- dom, as oblig'd him to quit his Retirement, and af- (ift in rcftoring the Publick Peace. Thtfe fcrv'd for Reafons, as his Power was the motive, to the Cafuifls to agree that he dcferved the Crown, and ought now to have it altho' his Father were yet alive. Which ji'dgmcnt giving a plaufible pretext to the removal of the obftinate (.'rti;,ihe other who was advanc'd to his Placc.madc no oppofition, and he was accordinglyln- augurated on the 20th of Odrlir. 1660. at Deify, where on the Throne of Ttimcrlr.i", the richeft in the World, he received the Homage of the V^,t;,»/,'/, Oin- riibs, and Miniftcrs of State, according to the Cii- ftom of the Country. As he had always profefled a great deal of Sandlity , he did nor forgo it when he was on the Throne, but as a fort of^cxpiation r ' his Crimes, impoled upon himfelf a great Abfti- nence and IhriClncCs of Life, his Food being chiefly Rice, Herbs and Piilfe. His Hours were rnnflantly employ 'd in the Offices of Government or Religion, and but a very few of thrra in Sleep. This great Prince Amen^-X^che, having reigned niar 47 Years after his Inauguration, or in the 5 iff. Year of his Reign, as the common Accounts run, who I fuppofe reckon from bis firft afTuming the Go- \ctnment m I !.!;•! .1 ?i! ! m mm, liO l!*:?i' mm. w I 1 «: iLw 54- EASr^l'N'DlES. \ i' a r i I It i vernment, departed this Life on the id. M/irch 1707. New Stile, or as other Accounts fay in the middle of Vebru.try, perhaps reckoning by Old Stile, in the 9 1 ft. Year of his Age. He was a Prince of great Sagacity, Courage, and Induftry. He was a perftft Matter of the Art of Government, and with fo great Skill exeicifed his Power, that without the cruel Punifluncnts fo ufual in former Reigns, he wasal le to keep in awe the moft powerful l{njni, Sevagy ex- cepted. He was almoft continually at Wars, in the Conqueft of the Southern Kingdoms, adjoining to tliofe he inherited, and by his Arms made the Wealthy King of Gr'.condA, notwithftanding his great Armies and itrong Fortifications, his Prifoner. De- c/t», ViJ.ipor and Conara, were Icfs able to rclift his Force, as being govern'd by Princes lefs powerful than he of Golconda ; and therefore where Scvugy with his liniliootes in inaccifliblc Mountains did not oppofc, he fubjeded all before him. This continual War kept him almoft continually in the Field, efpe- cially in his latter days ; wherein he refided fo much in the Camp, that he was fcldom fcen at /Ig-'a. His Application in the Offices of Government was ex- ceeding great, which is teftificd by Gimelii, when he afliircs iisthac He not only daily appeared twice in Publick ; that is, in the Morning to Adminillcr Juftice to all Clients, anJ in the Afternoon to give Audience and Orders to the Omr/:/)/, but alfo ato- thcr Hours, attended the dail; Audits of his Se- cretaries and Trcafurers. He affcfced an Air of Sanctity, and by his frequent Devotion, wasthought worthy of Samtlhip ; he appeared indulgent to his Minifters of State, whence the ufual Cruelties were wholly laid afide, but as he was Politick and kept his Spies every where, 'twas fuppofed that Indul- gence was only for the fake of endearing tothem his Government, for when he pleafed he pull'd down the biggeft Officer : Which yet he never chofe to do in that Arbitrary manner his Anceftors ufed, butcon- triv'd to let it be fecn to be the Punilhment of the Crimes, which the Emperors Indulgence too much led the Statefmen into. In fliort, were it not for the Cruelties he committed in afcending the Throne, he might pafs for a Wife and Virtuous Prince ; and even the Viliany of thofe will be much alleviated, if we conlider the cruel Cuftom of that Court, where the Brother that is on the Throne, never fails to put to Death, Blind, or Imprifon all his Father's other Children ; and therefore the natural Principal of Self-defence, puts every Brother upon pulhing for the Throne. In his Perfon (as we are told by Gimelii, who faw him in the Y«ar 1695,) he was low of Stature, llcndcr and ftooping with Ape, his Complexion Olive Colour, his Nofe large, his Beard round and white, he leaned on a Staff, buthisSipht was fo good, that he cndorfed the anfwers to Petitions, with his own Hand wi;ho;it uiing Spedtacles ; and appear'd in his difpatch of Publick Bufinefs, with a chearful and fmiling Countenance. He left Four Sons, namely, 1. Scla-Alam or Shavt- Alem, as others write it. z. A-^im-Scia or A^-{um- Sbfixe. 3. Eckpur. 4. CditncBux. Of the Three elder we have this Account from Gimelii, vi:^. Scia- AUm had entcrtain'd thoughts ofdeftroying hisFather, and proceeded fo far, as to caufe a Pit to be dug near the King's Tenr, which Hi ghtly covered over, woi'ld have let him in as he palled on ■ hut it was difcovcr'd, and the impious Son, alrho' then near f>a Years of Age, was committed to a dark Prifon; he lay there fix Years, and perhaps had not been per- mitted to have lived fo long, but that he w.is ihf. Darling of the Soldiery, of whom manyThouramis publickly declared thcmfelves lb much his Fiunris, that they refufed the Emperor's Pay during his la prifonmcnr, and contented thcmfelves with thenicaii Stipends, the Prince was able fa aflbrd them ; lie was in 169V (then juft rclea fed from his Imprifon- inent ) 6^ Years of Age, tall and full Bodied, witii a thick long Beard which began to be grey, and appeared very rcrpedlful to his Father, wr^i/.. Scin, who was at tliat time ',5 Years old, had pro- ceeded fo lar againft his Father, that he joined with the King of fijiapcr m his Waisagawift him. -i';.'j/. of more ambitious Temper than the rclt, being fni; in the Yea.' i68c. with an Army of 30000 Men, to makL War on Hiija-Liji.nte, who Borders on the Kingdom of BijnJo ; inftead of fubduitig him, M- fered himfclf to be brought over to his Party, and prompted by his Ambition, joined his Army to the ^ijn's, and marched againit his Father. The Army thus j lined, amounted to 7CO00 Horfc, and propor- tionable number of Font, wliiih being fupcricr to the Army the Emperor had then with liiin, the olj Man applied himfelf to this Stratagcin fur Rtlief. The l{jjn and all his Subjcdts were CnuH.-s, who mortally hate the Mithomci.tm, as thofe do tliem .- The King therefore wrote a Letter to his Son, thank- ing him and commenuing his Conduft, fir drawing the Infidels according to agreement to that Place to be all cut off, and appointed hiin to advance ro Mar- row to put it in Execution, this Letter he fentby a truHy tumich, ordering the matter fo that it lliouli be intercepted, which fell uut accordingly, and bred fuch a J ^'.miic in the H^nji, that alL/V^ij Qjths woiilJ not convince him it was a Trick of his Fa- ther's. Se that the King had time to receive his Re- inforcements; and fetting upon the Enemy Defeated them. Akpar (hifted aboiit from Place to Place, but could not be fafe from his Father'sRevenge,and there- fore retired to I'eijia, where he was entertained at Court, and lived there in i6<)\ being then about +5 Years of Age ; and the Accounts that bring us advice of Wwrw^-^f/'e's Death, tell us he is ftill there. The voungeft Son is by Cimelli nam'd Sii{it>i<lei, of 30 Years of Age, infetilcd like the rilt with Am- bition, but whether Siknnder be Dead and another fprung up in his Place, or whether the late Accounts miftake his Name I cannot determine ; for thofe Accounts tell us, that the youngelt Son is named Cf.rfne-Biix, and being his Fathers Darling, A:irrng- \el!e in his Life time, put him in Polle.iion of all the Countries himfelf had conquer'd, namely Go!- condn, I'ifidpor and Cmr.rn, whith all lie contiguous on the South of Mo^ullJInn. Upon the Emperor's Death, the Second Brother A^r.w-Sci.i took upon himfelf the Title of Kini;, but his elder Brother Scir-AUni fentan Army againit him, and pave him Battle near ,/i;i (J, wherein ./{i"'- Sci.i and his two Sons were Slain, and his Army Defeated ; there f e 1 on both fides 80 Omitths, and above 100 Thoufand Men. But Cnwne-'Hiix the youngeft Son, being as we have faid in Poffellinn of Gokond.t, G/c. Scin-AUm could not but look im him as a Competitor for the Empire, efpecially lince he was joyned by one of the moft powerful O mah, as alf) by Hjja H.im,M the Succtlfor of 5"!' 7_:;», and therefore not thinking himfelf fafe in the Throne, He was in September 1707. { when tb''f' Letters cam,: away, ) marching with a formida. Army againit them. A EjfST-lN'DIES. ^Sv A TABLE of the Provincci of MOGVLISTJN, with the Chief Cities and Remarkable Places in each i in Order as they ftand in the following Defcription. AG RA. J ^gra. Capital. Fettiptre, Sumonger, J Doulpore, J Byana, I ScitnHerliaii, DELLY. Del//. CJenufgr, \.K.<S JENUPAR.^j>nW, (JImaJftrp I PENGAB or LAHOR. CASSIME RE. I ' Labor, ^Fett/pore, or FettjabaH, ^Temmeryy ' Emenliade. Cajfimtre, Syrentilici, Achiavel, S/indbrary, (Attock,^ ATTOCK. <C.indab.tra, iPuckpxe, &c. CABUL{S2/.&.. (Multnn, MULT AN. ^Atica«, iSeerport. CANDAHARA. Cnndolwa. HAIAKAN.Sr* ( Bucltor, BUCKCR.<WK ll^nrvreei HENDOWKS. {JSr* JESSELMERE. ^w«,«.r. * '^^^-^-ilTr TA S _ t Tatta, *.TTA oriSindi, INDA }LouTebtinder, ■ I Diul. CUZURAT. CAMBAIA. JurifdUlkn of 3ASAIM. Suratt, Cttmbayit, Amadabat,, Baroeh, Brodra, Pate, Hagtaporf, Mnngerol, Jatfuttla Pio M. • Ba/aim, I Bombaya I/l. 'Caturin Ifl, JCaranio 10. . Eltfktuitino Ifl, . Chittr, CHITOR. >237' }Hudre, . Budrtfore. \ Hantipore, M A L V A Y. <CaUetda. Mando, (Syrang/r, \f<ader. Raja iQurchito, R A N A S. ICnndera. r Adfmere, BAN DO. \Goday, XJ clour. GUALEOR. Guatm, NARVAR.& ■Sambal, 'aran. SAMBAL..J, ; B A C A R Bieimor, JAMBA. Jamba. NAUGRACUT. 4 ^'"I'S'""'', ^tallamacba, BANKISH. Bei/hur. SIBA. Hardmre. G O R. Cor. K A Nop AN A. Kor^kntaka, •,.»■ ny 'mi ,"i -I M PITAN ill I' j.ii ;1 I w: I II W >^ B/IST'^INT>IBS. PITAN. PATNA. Pitan. P*ttta', ODESSA, iffi-. JESSUAL. M E V rt X . Xsiavagur, rf^fjapnrr, )Sui^i-.- or 'jolmttbad, \Biinktletle, IMnffet, ' ! m^ipore. BENGAL divided' into four_ Govern- ments. 'I. Bengal Proper,(»OultJfer, or Jaganet. 'l. Pat una, 'j. EUbaf, ot Heliob'fi, • 4. Pthtop. Tfae chief Citi«i of the wbplf ; Ueliebafi or Bannarei, Srtfferon, Soumelpoie, Pr»y0, Caffmbt:^ary HpjomaM, Dacca, Saiigan, • Chutigan or P< Pf.ttana, Goifra, Malda, /trjcpore, Pipdy, jore, liuguely ot Ouguely, BaUaJore, BeugU, Angtlim. ORIXA. SyCrtr/ipnya, J Mumtnpalnm, *^ Palkor, BERAR. Schapor. CHANDIS r- Br^mpore, \ Hapra, PortC'tna' ,) ^Tautmere,^ BRAMPORE. J-'Hondoue, .CamifySK' • .• BALLAGATE.^SX*'^^' TELENGA. BeJer. BALANGA. MouU^. AGRA, which feme call Indojlan by way of Ex- t.ellencc, as being the principal Kingdom of the Em- pire, is featedj)etween the 17th and the jothDeg.of latitude, and between the 97th and loj Deg. of Longitude ; bounded on the North by DeXy ; on the South by GunUor and Mattcny ; on the Eaft by Satnbat and Satiar; and on the Weft by Bindo; It is wa- tered by the large River Semena, which runs crofs the Kingdom, receiving in its way the Tthemhel, a River (chough much fmaJJer than tnatj reckoned as large as the Tiames at London. Thefe two Streams witcr the I and, and make the Soil Fertil in Oranges, Lenimons, and many other Fruits ; great plenty of Rice, and eii^ecully Cotton and Indigo. /IG!{/I, the Metropolis of the Kingdom and ofthe whole Empire, feated on the Kiv^t Sqmenii, about 6a ^k» above its Confluence with the Tihemlie/, in xh 2$th Qcg. of I^t. is now reckoned the larged and tnoft populoua City in India, being nine Milei in Length, built in form of a Half-Moon, along the Banks of the Rivu ; Authors fpeak of its Antiquity, and inake it founded by Bicclms, and called Dyonifia afterwards Hegnra. ; or, as others, Cyrm built it, and gave it the Name of Agradami j but according to Hackiuyt, the Name of Agra was given it by the rn. tars, and the Stnidlure much more Modern : at leail thus much is certain, that it was but a fmall inconlidc- rable place before the Year 1 566. when the Emperor Eck^b-^ chofc it for his place of Refidence, called it Eclifrar-nhitr, and built a Palace of Stone, fo very nob e, that Father To/j thinks it defervcs to be ranked With the Wonders ofthe World ; it is four Miles in Compals.and contains within it the Courts of Judica- ture, 0. . It is furrounded with a Wall of Stone and a Ditrh, over which are two Draw-bridges at the two Gates. We have not room to defgribe the Mag- nificence of this i'alace, bin muft refer the Readtr 10 Herben, JavernieriniBirnier, for more particular Accounts of it ; the Nobility have itately Houfoj, contiguous to the Palace, of Brick, or Stone wherN of there are large Quarries of a very beautiful fort, not far from Agra: The Caravanfcray's, which arc 6c in number, are very large, and nobly Biiilr, ftire of them have lix large Courts, with their Portico'i, that give entry to very commodious .Apartments for Strangers, 800 publick Baths are in this City, and a great Number of Mofqiifs, which are San- (fluanes. The City is not walled, and only moated round, it is a Place of g eat Traftick, beingrefortcd to by Merchants from Cxina, Perfia, all parrs if India, and by the Engt'/h and Dutch : Our Natio;i wereiifed to maintain a Fadlory there, but the long difiance from ^urat (being above 600 Miles) andtlic Hazards and Difficulties they underwent in palling through the Countries of many H^'jas and H^iiboom has made thtm withdraw that, though they ftili maintain a Trade thither. Over againll /Igra on the other fide the River (tanda Srcntulra,^ ftately Town, or rather Suburbs to the City, adorned with many fine Building',, curious Gardens, and cfpccially the Mag- nificent Tombs of Eckbar, and the Queen of a fuc- ceeding Emperor. G.han-guire caufcd ro be built a ftately Tomb in Honour to his Father l-.c^hnr, vvhicli furpafles in Magnificence all ttiof*: of the Grand Seigniors. Bur e^cn that is much furpafTed I y ihc Tomb that Sh- Ccl i" built for his Wife Tdi.-MeU . whereof Bernei has given us a particular Ucfcriptioii, but 'tis tob large rniiucrt here, and therefore 1 Ihall only Tranfcribe Ti'cvrnot's general ai'coum of it, ;■: The King 'tnr for all the able Arcluteifls of bidi\ fetticd Salaries upon them, and ordered thim to make the finelt M:\ufolci.im in the World, which ihey per- formed to !! s Saristaction. The ftately CiarJcnuito which all the par::> oftheMaufoleumare diftributed, the great Pavilions with their Frqntf, the beautiful Porches.the lort\ Pome that covers theTomb.the right difpofition of it's Pillars, the Arches which fuppoti a great many Galleries, Pia^ja's and T^rraffes, ihew the Indians are not unskilful in Architedkurc .And though the Orders be difftrciir frointhe Ancient GmuK, it i* not without Symetry, a Noble Beauty, and aparcn. Magt^ificencc. ■■irchcs, ftately great Hall of Au at Solemn rime Throne, comino deed made by SI of Mair> Gold, Diamonds, the furrounded with large Peacocks Diamonds, Pear fet with precious cording to Natui but with what A as 3 Pear hangs who fjw it, mem 'tis faid, coft fou near five Million the Falacc, lye t- four others lead fi*telyF.ibrick, ar every Friday. «d with Arched at ^gr^, ferve foi built by the Dau Strudlure, 'tis a ' Arches, which It, jiavc over them Chambers, for th is about eight J cd with Biick-W; Suburb, and the 1 Not The Empire of the Great Mogul. 91 Kotfarfrom /4[ijirtflaiKls Feitijiore, whicluhe fame F.ck,l''tr tounded, and built in it miivyfiatcly Stru- durcs, intending to have made it outvie all others, but the Water proved u; wholloui, and forced him to leave it. Sitn. >i/rer, a Village on the South of w^r/;, ii famous for the Battle between /J<i' r. and /In ■ng. Z^ibc. Onu-hnrr, oixihel^lfnih-i, is a Place of incre- dible Strength. Byan/i, formerly a large and fair City, isnow ruined, but ftill ijivi'S Name to a Coun- try of 50 Miles CircumfcrctKc. Scandei OaJ, not far from ir, is fuppoU'd to have been founded by /i/tx' f.ijdci. Itity, leatcd on the 5;'/ii'« , iooMile3 Eaft from ^git, wa-. formerly the Seat of the Votim Kings but now in a ruined (tare, except the Caftle which if andson a higli precipitous Mountain, and is fortified with a double Wall. On the North-Weft of /l^r/i^ lies the Province of D R 1. 1. T, denominated from its chief City, which (tandiiip in a purer Air, tempted the Emperor S'l-i-Jcl-nn, Father to /tu'tng-X^cbe, to buiK! a Ifattly I'alace "nd new Cit) there, ivliich fnm him is de- nominat iX'^ch/in-nbnii^ i. e. the Ciiy of y./'i.Ti,, fe.ited on the River 5e>/"w<», about iio Miles above -jZ'Oi the Road all that way being (haded with Trees, planted by Jch.DiGiiirc, and makes a Walk of 150 leagues in Icnptli. (being continued as far as Lai.o ) andisoi.ciji the Place* where the Grear \fo^ii! re- fiJc. The Palace, wliuh K?i«;>r, calls the F'lrtrcfs, is about two Miles in v^cimpafs. being a Semicircle dciivtd f.om thi River, witu a fnir Plain before it. At the Entry ftaiid two virj '.irgeitatucsof Elephants, with two famous J{tij 's i.pon ihcn, and for\A ard on, is aver' large Sirtct, with ;i nobk < .1 nil in th. Mid- dle, and beyond that the lar;;e Coutt>, wherein the Elephants, hneHorfc^, Soldiery, :ind other uriofities pafs before the King ever) Day, and where 'he /<.'/.i's keep guard. Next Jic many Offices of Minil'c 3 of State, and Courts of judicat'-.tc, many Porr.:;"is, .\rches, ftately Halls, but efpccially the Amk-^ or jreatHillof Audience, wherein the King appears at Solemn times, featcd on his excefli c rich Throne, commonly called I'.imerlans, but was in- deed made by Sha-'Jehan ; it llandu upon fix pillars of MalTy Gold, fer with Rubies, Hiiicraulds and Diamonds, the Canopy is let with Diamonds, and furrounHed with a Fringe of Pearl, an. I over it two large Peacocks of enamelled Gold, covered xvith Diamonds, Pearls or other Stones, wliofe Tails are fet vviih precious Stones of the rcfpcdtn c colours ac- cording to Nature, and make a moft charming (ipht; but with what Authority Gfr,i > fays, a Pearl a.s 1 ig as a Pear hangs at the Brcaft, I know not ; /).••«/;•/• who faw it, mentioning no fuch thing. This Throne, 'tis faid, coft four Courouics of Rou[Mes, which is near five Millions Sterling. From the two Gates of the Palace, lye two very large well builtStreets, .and four others lead to the Great Mofqnc, which is a flatelyFabrick, and is rcfortcd toby iheKing h'mlcH every Friday. Thcfe Streets arc molfly furi'ilh- ed with Arched Walks before the fioufes, which, as at Agr/t, ferve for Shops. The Grand Caravanferay built by the Daughter of Sh-Jelmn, is a Magnifiicnt Structure, 'tis a very large Square, furroumi. d with Arches, which lead to con eiilent Lodgings, and have over them open Galleries, and other fairer Chambers, for the ufe of Strangers. The new Cry is about eight Miles in Conipafs, and furround- cdwith Brick-Walls \ to whch may be added a laigc Suburb, and the old DfH;/ on the other fide the River, but joynedby a Bridge; and then the Place will be found four Miles long. The Coantry about it is pleafant and fruitful, and the Air more cool and wholfome than that of //gM, which being feated in a fandy Soil is fcorching hot. The old City was formerly a Magnificent one, where the old IWan Kings uiied to be inaugurated ; it had 50 Gates and nine Caftles, bat is now ruined. There is ano ther Oc//y, where lies interred in a moft magnificent Monument the Father of Ecldiit'. The Govern- ment of this Province, is reckoned the firft in the Empire. From Dill^, palling on Northward, you enter the Province of 7£JVL'P.4i<^ or j|£iV//PW/<.,whpreare the PitsofS^/z^mmonMcThe chief City >en/(p«', (lands in the 33 Deg.of Latitude, at the Confluence of two imall Rivers which conip.ifc the Dnmia.ie, that fl-.ws through this Country and that of the Hir.ihwns^ and falls inio the Indus ; 'tis a hai.diom Town, but not vcr eminent. Syrim, on the fa-ne Ri\cr, more to the Weft, famous f c r the tine Garden. Summer- Houfe, and Seraglio of the Mcgn's. Tmr.Jfi..^, in the Sonrh-part, is noted for the Baths, cfteemtd Hnly and much rcforted to. ]rithc Mountains which part this Province from Dchy, the Rivet Soneiia, oihcrwifc called f^ffH^'jf hath its Soul CO, which after a Courfe of 400 Miles falls into the Cvigcj at Holot^Ji. Tht Kingdom of BE\'G/JB, othcrwifc called L/!- flOH., li fiated more North, b'.wvc.n J 'nupr.i on the South j Caffimeer ,\nd M.vilf'":, oniheNorth: Jniiiha oiuheEaft; and /\)...''(rKaiid .'roc/;, ontheVVeft. Ic is a wctltliy Province, by rcafon of the many Ma- n fadhires in it, and v'clds (a. wording ro tiie infor- mation J'/Jfufwi" had) 37 Millions ^n ,l>it:iim to the Mogul. The g eat Walk of frees derived from yfgM, 1 caches to ihc Capital of this Pre vincc wiiicli is 1^0 1 cagues diftant, a moli Noble Walku: tall large Trees, which cover the Road, an! make a continued Arbour. (Thrvenot.) This 'sthe th id Go- verimentof the Empire, being often honoured with the Emperor's Prefi ncc in his Palace at Lr.' o- , once the Metropolis of the Empire, and ihe Staple of T'ade for Ind'gn, and in thole Diys a Magmaccnt and wealthy Ciry ; but fince thefc Emperours have extended their Dominions lo far Southward, /jyra and Df //rare honoured with their Refidence, and this City is declined vei7 mnch : The Streets are regular and well paved, the H ule,« ,tli if "V .nd, but more high than is ufual in rhefc Parts, the fevere l\ains had ove'thrown many Hoi'fes when l-.imicr was there, whch rendered tht S' ec.s iriegular. but he tell^ us th. e wete five or fix pru cipal Ones, where- of two 01 three were aliove a League long, which Ihevv the tormer bcau'v and grandeur of this City, a!tha' it ht n w declined. It's Age was (hort, for from a finall Bourg, Kmg Homayon who began tt» Rcign. W. D. 159^.) niade it:i City, built thcCallle and ki rt his Cojurt in it. The Caftle or Palace is Magiiiticcnr and Stately, the Court* larfc, theBuild- inps high and I'niform, moftiv of Hrick, adorned with fine carved Works, anil the Gardens largo, plea- fant and filled wiih cxcciK jc Fruit. The River which form' rl> run by the Town, is iK)w a quarter of a League diftant ftomit, having changed its Bed, as li»nc<V informs us. F(f ^t^M' ■:m mu\\ I:''l '^\% Ml . i;;'ifiii«iliL',i ->:A ^8 BAST'^llSiDlES. ii Fcttlpsre or Fcnynhai, a pletfant Town, with a Caftlc, feaicd on the South of Lnhor, Temmcry, to the F.ift of Lith))-, is the Seat of the Rii/i of Boffoii, ■who r»ys Tribute to the Emperor, hnii I'.meribuJc, on the North of l.tthor : Thefe are tiie Cities molt noted ; many others arc in this Province that were formerly famous, but they with the whole Province are now declined. The Kingdom of CWSS/WE^E, lies between the Mountain C.inc.ifm (which divides it from Tiirta'ji) on theNoith, the Kingdom of l'erfrl> on the South and yltiock_onthc Weft, between the -^6 and the 40 Dcg. ofl.at. and enjoysa clear and healthy Air, as temperate as in I'.wope ; and a fruitful well cultivated Soil, abounding with all :hc necelfarics of Life; and fo far exceeding all the ncighbounns Provinces (where a fcor^ hing Heat parches the Ground) that Cr.j]])nere is ftiled the Parailil'c of li'<ii<i. Ir is furr rounded by Mountains, rifing by Degrees one above another; the lower covend with Cattel, and all kinds of innocent Games, without Lyons, I'ygers, Bears, Serpents or any fort of noxious Creatures; and the higher covered with Snow ; which nK'lting, makes thole man\ Riuilets that water the Country, and make it fo fruitful, that it looks like a large Garden of Rice, Corn, Satfron, Hemp, Apricocks, Peaches, Apples, Pears, Plums, Vines, £?i. all which render the Country fo picafant, that Mr. Bonier tells us, he was aftonilhed to fee himfelf of a fuddcn, out of the ftifling Heat of the Torrid Zone, into the temperate Frcfhncfs and F-rtility of Ew. pe ; thofc picafant Streams uniang their Waters, compofe the River T.hfn.n, which runs crofs this Province, and falls into the Siiut at Mtocl(^. The People alio are of fair Complexion and Europctin Beauty, Ingenious, Witty and Induftrioiis. The City, which gives name to the Country, is al-'out two Miles long, and a Mile and half broad, feated on a Lake of frclh Water, and a little River iffuing from it ; over which arc two Kridg<:s : The Houfcs arc built of Wood, two nr three Stories high, and many of them adorned with pretty Gardens : The City is not walled ; but is furrounded with Houfes of Pleafure and Gardens ; among which the King's is cfpecially delightful, be- ing furnifhcd with curious Fountains, Canals, Bow- ers, C^r. fyicn.i/td)- is the nextconfiderable Ciiy,being three Miles in Circumference, and by fomc reck- oned the Capital of the Kingdom : 'Tis feated in the Sourhcrn confines towards Pcng^k. AcbiAvt, notable for an admirable Houfe of Pleafure of the Mogul's ; and SanH-Brnry for an Hcathiniih Temple, and wondreful Spring, which draws Votaries to it, arc the other places of chiefctl note in this Kingdom. S..h/n places the Country of a certain H^va named Tiblion in its Northern part. On the South- Weft of CaJJimire, lies the large Province of AJTOCI^, between C/iiM/ on the North, and MuUrrti on the South, inhaliited by a peculiar People called Puttans, of low Stature, but courapims Temper, not fubjciftedto the A/ogd/ before th- Year 1^90. The City whence the Province is d. nomuiat- cd , ftands at the Confluence of the two Ri -ers Vchc- nns and Sind, and is one of the belt and ftrongeft Garifons in all the Empire, which no I'orei(;ner is permitted to enter witho 't a Pals from the King. The other chief Towns are irjuinb^ir, faid to be a hanJfome City, and a place of grtat Trade. Vuckcvf, Daddos, Duih*, Lan^or*, Vugfjion, and Hff. fmiitl/dnl. On the North of ^ttock, lies the Province of C/IBVI , the Boundary of the Mf^u/'s Empire on the North Weft, having iatary for its N rthcrn, and Pejia for its Eaftern Bounds. It is a Barren unplcj. fant Country, but has Mines of Iron, and by means of its convenient Situation, enjoys a good Trade : its chief City Cabul, is reported to be as large as Grand Cjiio, and rcforicd to by Merchants from I'n/in China awi Tartery, for buying of Cattel, efpeciallr Horfes, whereof vaft Numbers are yearly fold here by thet'<t.'? Ta'nn : The City is fortilied by two ftrong CaflTcs, accomodated with many large Inns for the reception of Strangers, and adorned with many Palaces, the Kings having at fonie timei. held their Courts here, and it has often been the Appenage of a Prince of the Blood. The other chief Towns are Ohidal, Pnmtt, Cherceciilhw, and (jorehand. The Province ofMVLT/IN is feated between ///oc^ on the North, the River {{/ivrc en the South, I'engai on the Eaft, and H,tic.tn on the Weft, extending a- bout 100 Miles either way. The River Indus runs through from North to South, and other fmallcr Streams contribute to water the Land, whuh is very fertil, in Sugar and Opium, and aifurJs a mighty Traffick to the Inhibitants ; who bolides make great Quantities of Culiico's, which they vend to yigra, Tntin and elfewhere : So that this Country, cfpecially its chief City, is inhabited by wealihy Bnnemt. The chief City Mulmn, is feated on the River Indus, in the Latitude of 34 Deg. and is a conliderable place, on account of the Manufadures of Cnlico's and other Linnens. and the number of rich Trading Brtnctins that live in it : but was for- merly more populous, being heretofore the Thorow- farc between Perfm and Lnhor; but the Pvoad lies now through Cabul. The People of this Town ate notable Dancers, if it be woith wliile to mention fuch a Qualification, but fince that recommends them to the Courts of Moflan and I'ffi^, wc (liould do them wrong to omit it. A peculiar Sedl of Gmtilei called Cntrys Jive here, and have a fine PagoJ to which all their Sedl refort in Pilgrimage. The City is well fortified, as being a Frontier, now C,iH</.i/;a ii pofleffed by the Perjim, Over againft Mult.in, on the Weft fide the /«iV*;, ftands Hli:itn, and more Southward Seerfore, C,<NOWHWii//,isaProvinceof the Mo?;//'/ Empire except the chief City Cnndahar, fuppofed to be the Catiirn of Ptolomy, feated in the l? Deg. I.at. which is fubjed to the Pcrfinn ; a place of gre.it Strength, and being on the Road out of Indin into Ptnli, is much reforted to. TheCountry is Mountainous, and fo not over fruitful ; but here are Rocks of Salt, which yield a Traflick to the Inhabitants, as alfo Mines found in the Bowels of the Earth. On the North Weft of Candr.hnrn, lyes a fmall Country named Batch, whereof an t^/icg Prince is Soveraign. It lies among Mountains, and is not conlide- rable. lUIKi/IM. otherwife called /MNGffC/^iN', a Pro- vince feated beyond the Indm, among the Mountains on the Frontiers of Perfur, adjoining to Citnil.ih.v ri] the South, is a fort of rude Country, inhabited by th« the BulU Idolaters, Rrbbcrs; Temper. oned in tl Mountain The Pk the South II >iil nui throusli, i Lnd, and Inhabitants NeiKhbouri Yoke, and perpetually R.ck«', feat ?o. D. 20. M", fcni rla:c coiili.U lure much on the fame Mouth of Tiiidc, fend Ir.iJceicn a The Coun Ihicm and .w '':>!Upar Oil t ^j'lith, and ei Coiion; whir expT'cd to ct Itinrt People, te the Dcfccnt Mia. The c River Dmiinri 'irwn Eaft to V JtiJ rich Towrf Jiid Calico. great City.andj U'Odities. The Provinl Suth cf the r Southern BouJ '■'1 the W'clt. ^'oLntaiiKAis, ?'ddtr ; and '"y Fcrtil Jnl "S extent is frf ^'Ip'in.-e , otiJ 'Own IS featl fcut is howevcrl '!'.?o, Cotton al 'Of itspleafinil '"y good Caltl "■") a Caftleil '"c Birth placi '''■J'ed on the Rf , Town in this! «ndallthatlfij The fnall , 7#'mftr, havj ™ Mouth ofl Sj,f River h,du\ Tis a rich Ferl nccefliry for 1 \ populous and The Empue of the (a eat Moghl. the Bulkchri, a ((out and watlike People, who are lilulatci', and by fome ftuihurs rcprcfcmed as wild Rrbbcrs; but others lay they ate of a converfible Temper. Two '1 owns in lias Country are menll- nned in the Maps, ; i^. Chnf^an on the bait fide the iMoumair$, aoJ t.'i/;f onihe Frontiers of Perfin. TheProvinte of Ut'CfCP/^ lies next to Ihicnnon the South, bciweeri Pr^Jl^ on the Weft, and the ;;>((/ mil Country onthcEaft. The River Imliii runs through, ard dividing it into two Farts, wa'ers ilie Land, and venders the Soil Rich and Ferul. The Iiihahitirns arc a flrong robuft People, like their Neighbours th>.' HuHaches, uiieafy under the Mogul'i Yoke, and not kept under, but by a ftrong Guard perpetually kept upon them in the chief City named lick'", feated on an Iflind in the River Iiniui, I.at. 30. D. 20. M. Other Towns of Note here, are Suck,", fumewhat higher on the Eaft fide the River, a pla:c conli.lcra d.' for Tia le, as alio fir the Agric - ture much pradtifea by us Inha! itants ; and l{.iivrce on the fame River, more Southward, and near the Mouth of ihc D niiiihlic, a place alfo ot gfod Trade, fending iJaiks down the River, which Trade ei en as tar as Mo;j<)>ni/^w, and other part ■. of .Ihicr:. The Country of the IIISDOIVSS, lies between H^icw and Miiltrtti on the Weft, l':m^t> on the North, '''.mfiir on the fiaft, 'jcffdmccr and Bniiiio on the South, and enjoys a f'l nil Sril in Corn, Cartel and Cotton; whi( h lait is made up into Cloaths, and exported to other Parts. The Inhabitants are a di- ItinA People, and according to their Name, (hould le the Dei'ccndants of ihc Alioriginc Inhabitants of all Mia. The chief City Ucnd'.nn, l\ands upon the River bumiitdre (which runs through the Province Irtm Eaft to Weft) in the 31 D. 20 M. I at- a large and rich Town, cnjo.ing a good Trade in Cotton iiid Calico. Miv; Yd, fcated more to the South, is a greatCity,and a cunliderablc Mart for the fame Com- u^odiiics. The Province of 3rS'il-:l.MKEI{ lies on the ^fiuth of the //i(/f/'ir;,j J having ''jj<^'!i.i"e for its Soiithern Bounds, llj:..>- on the Eaft, and Buckor III the Welt. 1 ho North and F.aft parts arc Moentaiiious, Ij.it the South is watered by the River Pilkr ; and the greatelf pan of the Country is »ery Fcrtil in Corn and Cartel, ripccially Sheep. Its extent is from the I'^th t" the 28th Ucg.of Lat. Vlf<-'in:e , othtrvvife called Gijl.-mcer, the chief Town IS featcd on the North part within Land, but ishowevera place of very good Trade for In- (igo, Cotton and woollen Cloaihs, and rcnnarkable for itspleafant fituation : 'Tis alfo Fortified with a 1 cry good Caltle, and 30 pieces of Ordinance. Ww "■", a Caftle in this Country, is notable for being the Birth place of the gre.^t Eckpnr. ((.uilmpore, ffiied on the River Pad.ia , is the next conliderable Town in this Province, near its Southe'.n Limits, and all that I find mentioned by Authors. The fmall Kingdom of SOUJITT, lies next to Itjfc'.mter, having that for its Eaftetn Bounds, the Mouth of the River Pf.ddet- for its Southern, fhe River fni/w on the Weft, and Tdf/ 4 on the North. Tis a rich Fertil Land, furnillied with all things ncccfliry for life; and the chief City ':tan.^gr. is populous and rich , being commodioully feated 99 near ihc River PoJiitr, which a little beJow falli into (he Giilph of InJui, and renders (be Town a place of good Trade. I'.uh, feated on an I- Mand made by the Branches of the River Paddei, in falling into the Sea, is reckoned in the Limits of this Kingdoa.. Laftly, the Kingdom of TWTTW, otherwife named SISUI, and by the Inhabitants ABIND, alfo foinctimes by Eumjie.iHs tailed the Kingdom of DiVL, from the Port Town of that name. This Province is the South-Weft Limits of the Mvgiii's Empire, having /v. /j.a on the Weft, Bi,cl<,or on the North, 'Jcjlslimei and Sorett on the Eait, and the Gulph of India, which parts it from Gu:{.i,nit, on the South. The Kingdom is about loo Miles in length from North to South, and is divided by the Rner Indui ; which waters the Land, and rciultrs the Soil very proJifick in Wheat, Rice. Pafturc, oc. The Country alfo being fo conveniently feated, is much enriched by Trade, but not lo much as it ufed to be, before Swrarr had drawn it away. T'he chief Cities are, Tattu the Metropolis, (eared on the Laft lide the River Indus, in the 17th Deg. Latitude, a Urge City, and cele- brated for Trade. Sitidt, in the Heart of the Coun- rry, the place of the Govcrnours Refidencc. Lome- bnndcr on the Well fide the Indiu, 40 Leagues below Tattn, and near the Mouth of the River, a noted Port. This is a 1 own of great Trade, and the bcft Roarl for Ships inthelMi^/fj. (Jl'hevcnot .) but Dint cr Dill (uot Dio) is by others reckoned the inoft com- modious and moft celebrated Haven of this King- dom, feated on the Mouth of the Bay of Indui, and a fmall River which takes its name from the Town : This place is ufually touched at by the Ships failing fiom India to Ormus. The Kingdom of GVZ^AR^AT, or as the Fortu- ,?;.f^f term it CAMB/lI/l, lies next ontheSouth-Eaft, bounded by Chaiidit and Chitor on the Eaft, the In- di/in Ocean on the Weft, and part ^( the South, •he Kingdom of Dican bounding the other part on the South, and Scrett and JcJJehncre on the North. It extends from the 1 9th to the 15th Deg. of North Latitude, that is, alout 360 Miles from North to South, and from the S3d to the gid Degree of Lorgiiude, which makes about 450 Miles from Eaft to Weft : The two Bays of Citmhnin on the Eaft, and Indus on the Weft, make the greateft part of it a kind of Peninfula .- and the whole Country lying either on the Sea, or on the Navigable River: the T4/i(«, thcGfm.)./, and the P-idd.'^, (all which run through it, and fall into the two Bays above mentioned} render this a land of great Traffick ; the Soil alfo producing not only all Ncccffaries for Life, but like wife great plenty of Cotton, Indigo, O- pium, Aloes and many other Drugs ; Chryftal, Cor- nelians, Rubies, Sapphirs, Agates, Topazes, Jafpef, and other precious Stones. The Inhabitants alfo make fine Cotton-Linnens, Silks, Cabinets, C?f. The exportation of thefe Commodities enrich the Inhabitants, and the Cuftoms yield the Mot«/ a vaft Revenue, infomueh, that Ca)[divit is looked upon as one of the beft Jewels in his Crown. The Trrpick of Cnncer paffes through the vertical Point of /Ima- dnbat, fo that the greateft part of this Kingdom lies in the Torrid Zone, and renders the Air fo fcorch- ing, that if the rainy Seafon ihould fail Tas it did in the Year 1630.} a Famine would enfue. This O 2 King 1 i ■ ' ^M Hi 1 '!f ; -^ ■' vim [■m m f ./ •-■ ; I ^!if,'' lOO Kingilpm was toimrf ly govi'rned by iis own Prince ; buf lirice th^' year i',6v has liein a Pioviticc of the V/(»:;»/'.t Empire, and governed by his Deputy, filled Siiltan, who rclutcs in <im.iHabnt. But the Weitern Part i« inhabited by lijiibooiet, who «re no- torious RobI ers and Outlaws. Refhn we proceed to the Citie« of this King- ilotti, we will fpeik ot the ]iitildi(Sion of ll.ilaim, which is the Coatt on the South of it towards l)f- ctin, and comprehends the llland of himbnt, with two ot three other fmali Iflanls, and the City of lUJaim, formerly fubji-ifl to the Kin^ of Cu^nixt, but conquered by the Poincw/c^c The (-ity tiafaim ftands on the Continent, in the Latitude of i<;. jo. of good Struitnre and Strength, boinp furroundcd with high Walls, wherein arc eight liaftions, and the Town is Inhabited by alxjut ?op Families of PirtuHu:-:^.' Cictry and Nobility ; governed by a Captain with twelve Adiftants, whofc Power extends over a great trany neighbouring Vdlagcs and Fdands. r> O \t B .1 T. that was formerly one of them, was fifrenderud to the I'.naHfh in the Year i66^. ■iccordinii to the Articles of Marriage berwcen King C!\i let II. and Omni Cntltin.!. This liland is therefore poUclTed by the En^lifl' Nation, and though a fmallono, being but lo Miles round, is confide- rablc, on Accouiit of iis 'jommodious Hi-vcn and Si- tiiiiion, for riipprelfuip; the '"i/rt/xtr Pirates, who ufcd to inlcil thefc Piiafts : It is firuate over againfl Ch.inl in Deciiii, in the Latitude of i8 Ueg. The thief Town is about a Mile long, and pretty well Fortifi'.'d, having been confidiTably improved fince the iCi'.?/'/fc have had': c. The Ifland was fcra few Years eovcrncd by t^ e Kings Deputy, but at the Rctjueltof the Kc/M/^/i-i Company, it was granted to them under Homage, and has been ever fince under the Jurifdidion of the Prefident of Surat, who appoints a Dcpury Governout here. The Land has Woods of Coco-Trees, which with Salt is the chief Produft of the Ifland. On the North of fiombny, lies the Ifland C/iNO- f{i:i!\', which Giw;lli names SrJfette, and defcribes a wondciful Vn^cda in it, conlirting of Galleries; Halls and Chambrrs cut out of a vaft Rock, which are ftrpcndious Works. There are other of like fort in thefe Iflands. That of lUffhintino has i;s Name from an Elephant cut out of the Rock, where are alfo many ftrangc Caverns Thechief Town is named T.mtiw. This Ifland is a Fertil Land of about 70 Miles Circumference, and ptrffeflVd by the The Iflands C/l!{ANI/t and BLEPlJ/INTtNO, polTclfed alfi) by the Po>tujrur:^r, lye near Bombny, and are comprchtnicd among thofe called the Sal- /ff/f Illands. From whence we fhall now pafs to the Continent. The chief Cities of Cui{nr»t arc SVl^AT, feated at the Mouth of the River T/i/ff, in the Lat. it. D. L'lngit. 9 1 . D. a place formerly inconfiderable, but in thcfe laft Hundred Years, by means of the EngUJh and /)«fc/'i Trade, it is increafedtoa large, populous and rich City, furrounded with a good Wall, and f<uarded by an old Caftle, faid to be founded by 't'nmerlain j the Houfes in general are low and mean, BASr^lN'DlHS. but the Eii^li/h Company's Home jsa noble Building offqgared Stone i as are all) thole tf the /J(/Ar/' and Fitncii and feme of the Umeii»i and hUonjh Mcr- ch4nts have fine high Houfej with Terralfes at top. The City is guarded by 1 500 Soldieis, belides the Garilxn and (overnour \n the Caltlc, and Jo or 40 pieiei of Oidinince ■ The Haven hasa Barr of Sand crols it, fo that the Ships ofgreatcr Burthen are famio lye Without, at Swjlly-hcli about four Leagues fnin the 'I iiwii, near the Village Silaltn. l{.\j,t i.i 1^7 en- tred this Ci(> in the Year 1664. burst and p Tlagcl it, carrying away a mighty Bjuty ; at w' :i!i(ini( the Kiigiijl; Pielident Mr (iro'i^t Oxnutii.c lo wiH defended hinil'clf arid the Meuliaiits, th.it 1 t iily the Company gavi hini a Medal, 1 iir the I', cror preiented hini with a Robe ot flunour, and j^jvc our Nation an abatenu lit of 1 nd half /•« c'»,-. in the Cidloms ; but this has been line revoked. The old Walls biii,({ only of Earth andiruih ruined, they were bcjjuii lu be Rebuilt of Bri k, in ihe Vmr 1665. which err', jip the Town into a naiiowi.'r coin- pafs than it was before. {V-eveno!.) The Wal]«, a|- tho' new built arc weak, fay- Giniel.l. The Callleis fquarc,withrourtd Baftion.s.fcated at the SourlunJuf the Town to near the Sea.that the Ditch is li led byits Water on three tides, and by the lliveron ihc fourth, The Country round abour is frtdc and plcafint, a- bounding with Gardens andFrnit Trees, and the City is a place of vaft Triffick for all forts of Inili.m, C'/. "-/< and Kurtifean Commodities, as Stuffs and Ct- toii-cloths made in InHi/t^ Porcelainc Cabinets, adorn- ed with Turquoife, Agat, Cornelian, Ivory an.l other Embelldhments ; Diamonds, Rubies, Pearls and o- ther precious Stones; Musk, Amber, M)rrh, M, Sal Armoniac, Cipick-filver, Lacca, Indigo, the Root Roenas for Dying, and all torts of hidim Spices, Fruits and Drugs. The Trade being begun and carried on chiefly by the Enyjijh, our Nation hath peculiar Ptiviledges above others. The Com. Piny's Affairs are managed here by a Prefidcit and Council, who direft and govern the Faiflorics at /tinad/ibaf, /lgri,i, and other inland Places; alio the Trade to I'rjia : and in general, all the Fadories Weftwardof Cape Comnnw. The Picfidem livtiin great State, being always honourably attended, and hath a Salary of $00 /i7. per /iimum. 0/i>w<ion,poflclfed by the PDrtn^uc^efiimh about 9 MilesSouth from SM),i<,and is aPlace of _i;''od Strengtii andTrade, a River to which i: gives Name, makes a good Haven, on the Notth fide of which, flandsihe old City of very ordinary Strudlure, inhabited by CcntiUs ; but the new City which itands on the South fide, is a neat Town of three broad Streets, and many crofs ones. The Houfesare oilndUn builJ, low, but neat, and have Gardens. It is fortified with a Wall, wherein arc four regular Baftions : and a Fort at the entrance of the Haven. Srtroc/)f,about as far North from S»i'(i.f,flands on the RiverGf»icnf,which 15 Miles bclow,fallsintothe Bay ofCambaya : It is plcafantly feated on a Hill, adorned with handfom Buildings, and enriched by a vcty good Trade in Cotton-I.innens, which are made here, and better whitened than elfewhei e, and for that reafon the Englijh have a Houfe there ; it is I'ur- rounded with ftrong Stone Walls, flanked by large round Towers, and was one of the chief Strengths of the Kingdom, but is negledled, and the Wall out of repair. The Country round is level and very fertil, beyond which at feven or eight Leagues diftance are Mountains, wherein plenty of Agac-Stones are found. Brodri^ 7Ae hwpirc of the Great Mc;gul. B'fd u fraicil en a large fandy Plain upon t finall Kivcr named H'fjjcr, is about 15 Leagues diftani from ll,roJ'i;it is well fortified after the Anci- ent niannci-, and inhabited by Calico Weavers ; An l-'t''f'' F-'"'''') '» ''^'I't here, l-.ictiue, which is the gum of a Trcr, whereof O-alinR-Wax and Lacquer Virnilh II made, i? ft) jilentiftil inthc nci((hbourhood rf this City, that one Village named i'«fl>/<V4f'-», klls about I'yCOO I. every Year. (MittiHelJi).) I find it mentioned by fome Travcllcm.that Lacqtie is nude by Antslike »» ^^i" '^V Bees, and whether there may not be Inch a foit of ii,! cannot dcteitnine,'but what I have faid above of its being a Gum, is conitamly averred. C.iw/mv/i , whence as we have laid , the Kingdom is fometime denominated, is featrd on ilic inmolt receli of the Bay to which it gives name, in the Int. of li D. Longit. 90 D. It i» dcfcribcd by Authors as a place of much better Strndliire than thcCitiis ofl>uiij!.iii commonly are, and was a place of very »;reatTraffick, fo as to be called the Cauo oi'l'iilii:: i?ut the Sea is fallen away, and leaves the Haven quite diy at low water ; and that pcrhapi niay be tiie realoii that the Trade alfo has left it. The ebbing and Hawing of the Tide here is very reiiiarkab'e, for it rolls in with fuch impetuofity, that an Arrow cut of a Bow cannot keep pace with if, an>l falls away as Fait. 1 his City is as large auain as Sii an, but not near fo populous, ira Streets arc large, and are each Ihut up with Gates, the Hou- fes are high, bulk of Sim-biirnt Bricks, and the Sr [s are full (f Aromatick Perfumes, Spicc«, iuKen and S"ld Stuffs ; It is cnrompaircd with fair (tone ^alls, and has a large Caftie wherein the Governour rcHdes. Near the Town arc Mines of Agats, which atford a Manufa(ilory to the Inha- bitants, for great Numbers of Cups, Rings and other Utenfils are here made of them. {Thcvoiot and Gimelli.) Goga, a City of good Trade with a fafc Harbour, Hands on the Wcft-fule of the fame Bay, about 10 Leagues from' nml/.iyn ; it was burnt by the Pcrtiigue:^c atthe time of thcSiegeof D.o.As was alfo Aiuote, once a coiiliderablc City on the fame Bay. In the middle of the South Coaft of the Pe- rinfula of Camh/iy/i, lies the Ifland and City of DIO, in the 20 D. 40 M. of North Latitude, and the 87 D. of Longit. It is a fmall piece of Land, of ahiiut a League in length, and half fo much in breadth, which ;sciic o\\' from the main Land by a fmall Branch of the Sea that flows between. The Pnrfd^tf^f- got footing there in the Year 1535. and built a Fort j which was foon after attacked by BuJiir King of Cuxarat, but fo well defended, that he was forced to raife his Siege; afterwards in the Year i ';46, his Son Mamvad belicged it again with an Army of 40000 Men, who for feieral Months at- tacked it with great Vigour, but were fo valiantly oppofed by the l'(itii^iic:^f, thatintheend they were beaten off, and have never (incc returned. ThcCity vMas formerly very confiderablc, on Account of the Trade maintained by its Inhabitants to Perfia and hdi/t • But it is mw declined, and neither the City nor Fort much noted at prefent. Pate, featcd on the fame Bay, a few Leagues Weft from Dio, is a large City, and was formerly conlideral'** for its fair Buildings and great Trade; but the A^.tbootes have often plundered it and fpoiled both. It is a great Town, and has ftill a good Manu- faftury of Silk Stuffs, (ays Thevenot. Mtingerol, (till more Weltward, is a place of good Trade for Cotton-Linnen, i3c. and hag an Englijh Fadtory. 101 Jr.tjuetii-, on the Wcncrn point of this Peninfula, it « fair Town with a famous Pagod or I«./mw Temple, which fomctimes gives Name to the Country, /^i''"''" ;ii<c, feared between B<ii ciA* and (.'<ii«4«>ij, is a large walled Town inhabited by B/\niiiuj, and a great number of Arti/am, who make the fineft Stuffs. It has 200 Villages under its Jurifdidlion, near one of which great (lore of Lucca is found. {Tiivenot.) Bi- funt.igMri, fituate in a very fettil Country, in the Center of the Kingdom, from a fmall Village 11 rifen up to a large Town of lOCX) Houfei. (^Mnndelflo.) I adiy, Am»dM>iii, a very large City, feated within Land, about 18 Leagues North from C.imt<j;r,), be- ing the Scat of the Vice-Roy, may properly be reckoned the Metropolis of the Kingdom. It is a place of very great Trade for Calicoes and other Cotton-Lirneiis, Indigo, Opium, precious Stones .ind other Good?, and therefore the En^li/h have a Fadfory in it. This City (lands in a lovely Plain, watered by the fmall River Sabreineity, cnclcfed with Walls, partly Stone and partly Brick, flanked with round Towers all kept in good repair, and wcl' ('■' ifoned. The City with Suburbs is a League and nan 'cngtli(fays T/ei-fj.f,) near 7 Leagucsround f fayi A' i.i ,'. .) The Streets arc wide; ihe Meidnn- c/'rttorKing'sfquarc is7oo Paceslong, and4oo broad, furron..dcd with noble Arches and aclorncd with 1 -es, m '"•jvcral little iquare Buildings in the idan, are held rtic Cou'ts of Judicature : near it on one li'.c ftamjs the King's Palace, and on the other (id- theCaltlc. The /iwq/i/fc FaiSory is in the midd' of the Town, it confifts of fair Courts, hand- (ovjii. Lod'^ings, and large Ware-hou(es. The chief Mofc]uc in this City is a Magnificent Building, as de- icribedby '■' w>Mf and Moideijlt, to whom we muft refer our Reader for the other remarkables. T*he Governour cf AmnHnbat has the Title of f((i/<t or Prince, he lives in very great Splendour, and main- tains 1 1000 Horfc and jo Elephants for the Kings Service. CHrTOI{_, lie» next to Gujarat, being bounded by that Kingdom on the Welt ; Mulva^ ' on the Ea(t ; C/Mn</« on the South; and Hii/'n l{ana< on the North; Its Extent is about no Miles from North to South, and about half as much from Eaft to Wefl:. The chief City Chiror (ot Magnificence and Antiquity, did formerly outvyc all the Cities in /niii<»; its Name fig- nifying Mirrour nf the n'orld, and its ancient Name was taxillrt, fuppofed to be the Place whence Porus ilfued againlt Aiextndcr : The Caltle of this Place was fo (trong, that Eckjmr elteemed the caking of it, one of his molt important Conqucfts ; but its Glory is paired away, and 'tis now but an ordinary Place. Chetipore, or Cintifur, being more noted at prefent on Account of its confiderablc Trade in Calicoes called Chites, whence they fay the Town had its Name. Billman \ Midrc ; andRjidrefoie; have been Places of Grandeur and Note anciently, but now obfcure. The Kingdom of M.</.K/47"ad joins to Chi'tor, hav- ing that on the Weft; Benfa// on the Eaft ; and Ber<jr on the South. The chief Towns are t^»cw, by fome called Oiigel, feated on the Weft-fide of the River Gimni, by fome reckoned the Capital of the Prov- inc ; but by other?, that Honour is given to {{anti- pore, a Town of very great Tralfick, feated on the Eaft-fide of the fame River more Northward, and fatuous for a ftiongCaltlewbichfervcsfora Prifon w !h. ' H.i ^M '^''a'".n i:'!lii|irt|j mu Vi,. , !■. \m'm uiriiii?' '•"F!^, ll I02 to Nol Icintn iliat fall under the Mogul'i Difpleafurc. Call.-miii, the ancient Regal Seat of the King of M ^oij, whoii Dominions extended far. 1 fuppofc this to be the place X-ievtntt called JW^jWo, and re- prefcnts as a large Town of tiatural ftrength by Si- tuation, and moreover furrounded by flrong VValis, and guarded by a good Cal\le at the top of a Hill, the Houfcs in the Town well built of Stone, and the place very populous. Saranifora, Syr/ingn or Se- 1 oirri, a large Town where fine painted Calicoes are made. And .Viici , another Town of large Extent, feaccd on the top of a fteep Hill. On the Koith of Ch'to and Weft of Mahn, lye the Territories of H/'i' l{,-IN-^S, a Prince of ancient Extradl, even dcfcendcd from Poiui, they fay ; and was the laft of the l{,-.si:(tc Race that be- came Tributary to the Great Wogw/. The Caftle of Curchirto, fcatcil on a Rock> Mountain, and famous f(jr its inipregnble Strength, is his I'lacc of Rcli- licnce ; as alfo fomctimes Cander.i, the other chief Town in this Jurifdidion. Norcliward from I{njit f?<i»<ij, lies the Kingdom of B.IKDO, a jTcity large Country, Lut Mountain- nils arul Barren. The City which gi\es Name to the Kingdom, ftands in the 19 Degree of Latitude, a- liout 150 Miles Wsll from ylgrn ; it is an ancient Place, but not very confiderablc. /■Id/mere, .ifmtrr, nr .-/^Hf , the Capital of a G'Jvernnient of the fame Name, rtand« more Southward nearthe River Pii;Wc; the Trmb if Coacr- Mi t7i!y a Mahometan Saint buri- ed here, is riihly adorned, and vifitcd from all Parts with great Devotion. The great King Ei.\bar made a Pilgrimage on Foot to this Tomb, to obtain by the Saints InteKcffion Male-IiTuc. The City is large, but of ordinary Strudture ; walled and moated round, and defended by a ftrong 08*^16, at the top of a very high and almoit inacceifible Mountain. I'his City is recicoiicJ by Thcvcnot to be the Capital of all the three Provinces of B»J.V', Jcjjfclriser andSoret. Godni, forincrij a lonliderablcCity, feated in the moft fer- tilpaitrf the Kingdom. kwA ] chute, a Caftle of good Strength, arc the other chief Towns. On theEurt of i?,ii(^u liesthePrcivinceof Gt/'.4/.TO/t, a rarruw 1 raiil of Land between Wg>«on the North, and Mniv,:y on the Siuth ; vv'liof^' chief Town Guthm- or Cii/i'eia, is featcd on a craggy Mountain, in the I.;it. zy D. anii well fortified, having a moft advint.igcoiis Situation amoni; inacceifible Rocks, and iiiiproiedby many artificial Fortifications : In- fomiiih that the Caftle is made the repofitory of great part 'f the Miiu.'j Ticafure ; and a Prifontbr many Princes whofe Birrh gives Jealoufy, or Mifdemcan- ors Ort'cncc to the Emperor : and 'tis here the Empe- ror /l:ireiiii-:{lie confined hisBruihers, Nephews, and his two cidelt Sons. More EalUvard is the Province of h'.IRVA^, bounded on the North by the River Sitmna, which parts It from S u/./xi/ ; on the South, by Mountains that divide it from B.-i.jjdJ; on the Eafl, with the !'rovince of lldhr.fi; and un the Weft with the Kingdom of //i;r,i. ThechiefCitiesof this Country are <jehiid and Oudcn ; the former feated on the River I'. gfH^i, which flowing through Narvnr and part if I'.i ■i>.i(i, falls into the Gangej ; whereof no- thing coiili icrabic is mentioned by Authors. The litter llaiuiii more Northward, and isa very aiKient E JSUIN'DlkS. and furmerly a notable Placc,as the ruins of its Caflle declare ; "tis a Plate of fome Trade, efpecially tbr Rhinoccrot's Horns, which are much valued in /»</;,», Not far from this Town is Icen the Veftigii of an old Caftle named R^Aiihjii.l, a place of Devotion men- tioned by i'urcliai. The Kingdom of S A MB /t L lies on the North of the Semcnu, and the Weft of the G/iiigei ; having j^gra for its Weftern Bound.":, and Bacur for the Northern. The chief City from which the Country is denominated, ftands on the River G^n^'e;, in rhe 51 Degree of Latitud.-, and has the advantage of a pietty good 1 rade. A day or two's Journey from thence to the Weft, ftands Smjjrmi, a populcus and trading City ; where is feen a moft magnificent Se- pulchre of an ancient Heathen King. Northward from hence lies the Kingdom or Pro- viive of B.lC^l{, between the River '.-w^'i J and the Province of Dr'/y ; whole chief City Bicniioi ftai.ds on a fmall River that falls into the Gauges. And farther Northward isiheProvinceof '//^.i/g^^ a mountainous Countr, polfclfed ly certain I{iiJ4i, who are Tributary to the .y<og',t ; of thefe l{.ij.uDc. cuupcrg/is hath a large 1 radf of Land in the North- Weft part, whereof the chief Town is dilfei^ : and H^jn- Vatiln, who is leported a Prince of vaft Wealth, polfeffcs the North-caft part towards the Gnw^-i^ whereof Seretuger is the chief 'I'own. l^ot Jr.v.Lt which isreckon'd the Capital is fubjed to the Mgu'., and feated mote Southward on a fmall River that falls into the Ganges, Having furveyed all the Weftern and Mid-land Piovijiccs, we will now take a view of the North- ciD ; beginning from the Weft, and pafllngEafiward thro' Kniigricut, Bmiliijh, Siha, Kjikflies, Gor, I'itm, and Cr.ujuntw. All which Thcvenct cqmprifes in two Provinces, which he names Ayaoud or Haoud, wherein are contain'd the four firft : And Vnndcx I'tira!, wherein the three laft are included. Of thefe two Provinces he confcftes he could get no very ex.i(ft Account, but in general, that being watered with many Rivers, the Land altho' Mountainous is very Fertile and rich. The Province of .-lyioud yields the King Ten Millions, and that of F4 vjrf Twenty Seven Millions pir Annum ; which Revenue proceeds from the great number of Strangers from 'I'.trtAft and China rcforting hither for Trafhi k. It muft be noted, that the Land we fpeak of. n near 1000 Miles long and joo broad, >i/IZCI{4CVT, is a very large Country, extend- ing from the Borders of L/iio) in 31 Degr. to the 40 Degree of North Latitude, where it is bounded by Kjik* es, having Jamba and Siba on the Eatt ; and Lahor and Bmkjjh on the Weft. The Land is very Mountainous, and a great part of it fiibicdl; to the lir.ja T/iilur!^-cl.an. The ihicf City Naugracut ftands near the head of the River Havre, in the Lat.of 34.andI.ong.99.and IS ap!aceofgoodTradeforDrugg« and other Commodities brought from Tartar^, and notable for a rich Temple and Idol, which is vifitcd from far. Cnllamad.i or JalUmak./:, more Eaftwird, is feated among craggy Rocks, out of which ilfue fountains that feem to caft out Flames, and on that account v.orfliiped I y the Idolatrous People. B.WKJiH. Jlmere on the on the South. tie : The chi derableorkn The Provi Nitugractit, di Ganges, and City H/rrdtvar on 1 Lake th and near a K a Cow's Head them, the Ro on it in a kini The City enjo; try is rcafonab Next to Sib I moft Northern dcring upon 'I Year 1609. ' being 600 Mill broad. It is a but enjoys the and China. T Weftern part ; Ganges ; whi:t tains CaMcrfy?/.', 1 On the Soii'h extending Eaftw chief City whi featcd near the 39 D. Latit. G as lying too mu Travellers. K'^MDVAN. extended betwc Latitude, on th and near the Country feat«d we know littl K"aliantal^:) the Perfelj. H fes PITAN, adjoi Country govern' A^",?"/ ; the Noi whofe chief Seat commanded by the whole is Pitai yerCanda, whii Wins, falls into 1 On the South Gai.gcs, between 'arg.'; Province {^'viding it from ocjnds, pitan ^"fc'r on thp P; .xiveis dividing chi:fUtyisoft R»''er Per/ch in Uiurrry i, xvelj f— DUtjiesfb far with by Grangers, fo w "fiippofed to be "leP.Mv,, who India. tl The Emfire of the Gtt.EAT Mogul. 103 Bi'NKJ^lt, is feated between Siha on the Eaft,C<tP fimere on the Weft ; Kakfres on the North, and Labor on the South. 'Tis a Country not large nor remarka- ble : The chief City is nam'd Beipur, but not conii- derable or known to us. The Province of SIBA, lies on the North-eaft of Naugraciit, divided it fO two parts by the River Ganges, and furrounded by Mountains : Its chief City Hirdvare Hands in the 40th. Dcg. of Latitude, on 1 Lake through which the Kivcr G.tnget palTes, and near a Rock which the People fancy to be like a Cow's Head ; and that Animal being facred among them, the Rock an I the River G it; ■' that falls up- on it in a kind of Catara£>, is worlhiped as Holy. The City enjoys a pretty good Trade, and the Coun- try isreafonably fertile. Next to S!l>t lies the Kiiigdomof K.4K.ARf-% the mott Northern of all the V/rm's Dominion-, as bor- <icring upon T.i>'i », w'lereuf it was | :in till the Year 1609. 'Tis a Couruvy of very 'arpe extent, being 600 Miles in length, hue not ppiportionably broad. It is a ven M umainous anJ Barren Land, but enjoys the Btn''fit of a good Trade from Tmtary »nd Chin.i. The chief Cities are D.wk^tlen in the Weftcfn part ; Piiyboli more Eift, and near the Canfts ; whi:h River hath its Sourci.- in the Mo.m- tains C/JMfit///,', which part this Counrr. from I'artitry. On the Sonrh of J(;(i/(^<jifj lies the Province of GO/^, extending Eallward to the Frontiers of / - • v;. The chief City whi^h ;^ivc» nime to the Kingdom, is featcd near the head of 'he Fiver ''?'/•,>, in the 39 D. Latit. Of this Country wc have no Account, as lying too much out of the way to be vilitcd by Travellers. KiA^DVA^lA, adjoins toG^r on the South, and lies extended between the 33d. and the jO. Degr. of Lv.itude, on the North weft of the Lake ( /i. .>»;i,ir, and near the Head of the River Pcr(eh. It is a Country featcd fo far out of the way of Trade that we know little of it, only that the chief Citv is K^imkantali^i, feated on a fmall River that fal:s into the Verfcly. PIT AN, adjoins to it on the Sovith-weft ; a large Country govern'd by two ti^/ijrs Tributary to the Mojul ; the Northern part fubjeifl to l{.i) -[{criorow, whdfe chief Seat is Camow : And the South part is commanded by H/fja-Mui^go. The Capital Ciry of the whole is Pitan, feated on the Eaft lide of the Ri- ver Cm.ia, which riling in the iieighbouriiif; Moun- tains, falls into the Ganges in the Latitude of 36. On the South of thefe on the Eaft fide the River Gm.^es, between that and the River Pcrfeir, lies the latp Province I'/ITSA, having the River Ganv^es dividing it from Jamba and Bacar for its Weftern Bcjnds, pitan on the North, Vdcjyj, Gfc. beyond Pfi/c.> on the Baft, and the Confluence of the two ivivers^ dividing it from Bengal on the South. The chiif City is of the fame name, and is feated on the River Perlely in the 55 Degree of Latitude. The Country is well feated, and feeinsto be good Soil; butiicsfo far within land, that 'tis never reloitcd 10 by vi-rangers, fo wc have no account of it. The Name IS luppofed to be derived from ihat Warlike People the Potani, who arc famous in the aiKicnt Hiltory of We Ihall now fpcak of the Three Eaftern Pro- vinces which lie beyond the River Perfeli ; namely, Vdeffti, Jeffiiat, and Mev»t, and then proceed to Bengal. The Kingdom of VDESSA, lies on the South of Cnnduana, and 00 the Eaft of Patnti ; it is a large Province whofe chief City Jekannt ftands in its Southern Limits, Bcfides which, Ucch.tl is repre- fented by Travellers, as a very confiderable Ci- ty, confiftlng of ftately Buildings of Brick and Stone like ours. The Country enjoys a temperate Air and good Soil ; inhabited by Hindmi of cixjl Nature ; and governed by a i^«/<i or Prince, who ownsnoSubjedion to the Mogul. JESSVAL, a Province of fmalier extent but more frequented, lies Southward from Vdeffn, on both fides the River Gundrunl^, which falls into the Perfe- h '■ The chief City is I{a/apore, feated on the River Gimdrunli, in the l.at. 31. 10. Longit. 1 1 0. Suigee OT Jolmabni, feated alfo on the fame River, isl'ome- times vifiied by our Etiglifh Merchants ; and more >briliward ftand Briti\alaiirc and MnJJee, other Cities of this;Kingdom. MEl^AT, lies on the South of JrJfunI, and the North of Beng.iH : A fmsll I'roviiicc, whnfc Capital City is Narvnl, feated in the Latitude of ^9 D. Se- veral other Tov;ns of note arc in this Province, whereof f-fogipme and Navay^w ha\ e the advantage of i;»^/iyfcFadoriescftablilhcd in thcni. BENCALL, rhc larpeft and moft f.iinous King- dom of the M3^«/'i Empire, lies on the South of the Q)untries we lalt mcntion'd, along the Coaft of the inner reccfs of the Sinus Gan^aicus, othiTwife call'd the Bay of Bengal/, arxi the Banks of the River Gaivfcs; which here falls into the fame Bay : ex- tending from the Frontiers of the Kingdoni of ///•- iJc.iDi, and the River C<iui- on the Eaft j to the boun- daries of Orixr., and the mouth of the River Gu.'ngit on the Weft ; which is rtckon'd no Leagues j and from the Sea Coaft in the South, it extends Nonh- ward, to the borders of S.itnh.il a little beyond the River Gemini ; in the Latitude of 30. Dcg. whicji makes about 110 Leagues. The Air of this Coun- try is temperate and healthy as any in UUflan, ex- ccpi Ci:Uimi're \ and thcSoil is rich .itiJ fruitful, being watcr'd with the River G.iK«rs, tiut runs through the middle of it from North to South, and divides it felf into twt) large BraiKhes, which are again fub- divided into many fmalier, before they fall into the Bay ; the fame River receives alfo divers fmalier ones And Rice, other Grains and Fruits are fo plen- tifully pruduc'd here, that Bew^.i.'; is fometinics fiil'd the Store-houfe of Alia ; it exceeds -'Egypt in Fertility (fays Gimclii ' not only in Rice, Corn, Sugar, ,^nd all other ncceflaries for Life, but abounds alfo in the richeft Commodities as Silk, Cotton, Indigo, ^3c. together with Oxen, Sheep, Hogs, Vcnifoii, Fowl andFilh: abundance of Llephants arc found in the Woods, and made tame and very uleful to the Inha- bitants ; here are alfo Rhinoccrotes, Tygersand mu- nv other wild Beafts. For Exportation they have thel'c ufeful Commodities, vi-^. GiiiKcr, Long-Pep- per, Cotton, Silk, Sugar, Aloes, Civir, Walking- Canes, C^c. but efpecially Manufadtur'd Cotton- Linncn, as Muzlings, and Calicoes of the fineft forts, Silluand Hctba-Stufts, as Bcngalt, Llach( '», and ^ iili^'ll '11 164. E/IST~INVIES. and the fineft Raw-Silk next the Perfiati. The Couu- try IS fiillof Callles and Towns, and the Inhabitants are employed pither in manufaduring their Silk, Cotton and Herba, (which by the way, is the Rind of a Plant, that being pill'd off \iildsafine Thread, which is woven into thofe pretty Stuffs, known to uj by til : ijame of this Country) and Civiliz'il fofar as from vicious Pirates, to become of a very cour- teous and affable Difpofition. This Kingdom had formerly a Prince of its oi^n, who was a Potent Mo- narch, but overcome by the great Mogul in i ?8x, and the Country made a Province of his F.mpire. Afterwards the Governors he had appointed in it, fet up for themfelves ; fo that Sha-J^raa, the Father of Ameng-\ebt, was put to the trouble of conquering it a fccond time; (ince when it has been undifputcdiy fobjedb to that Emperor: And is divided into Four Parts, 1'/^. I. B:r^iitl propet, otherwife nam'd the Government of Ouleff.'- or Juganncr, being the Ma- ritime part. 1. Pntana the Paitcrn Part. 3. £.'.1- bai, or lidioiifs, the Northern ; and 4. Pitr'-p, Mid-land. Before we procted to the account of the Cities, 'tis neceffary to Corrcifl an Error very com- mon inihe Maps, which fet down Bengr.llas the chief City, whereas imteed there is either no fich Town, or at moft but a very oblcurc cnc ; our Merchants and Sea-men that have been there fo ofun, know no fuch place, and according to the accounts of ihr fi- tuacionof the City Bengali, it llwuli' fccmrhey mean Chatigin, a place of confidcrable Traflick, > all'd Porta MajO't by the Po'tu-.-iinc, fcatcd at the mouch of the Eaftern Branch of the C.in^ei, over aRaintl the fuppofed Bengali. The chief Cities of this King- dom being, I^elmhufs or Prnyn, fuppofed t.i hi- the P.v- libothra of Strabo and Ptolemy, which was the Metro- polis of the Gtin^aridcs ; it ftands in the Northern Confinei, at the Confluence of the Gemini with the Gatigei, and is a' ■ refent a very flrong Forcification, built about a hundred Years ago, being a Stone Ca- ftle with a ftatcly Palace, the Scat of the Governor of this part of the Kingdom ; lurroundcd with three Walls and a deep Moat. The Miniit pretend to llicw here the Sepulchre of Adnm and Eve, in an ancient Subterranean Cave. Bamimcs or Benmou on the Ealt lide the Cyanxrs, is a handfome built large City, the Houfes of Brick and Stone, higher than ufuai in hiJu, and noted for an Indi/tn Univerfity, as is alfo tiudnet. Ctinnouxve on the Weft fide the Ganges. Safercn near the great Pool Bnhrtti, a fpa- cious City of high Houfes, built of aFoflll dug in the neighbouring Quarries, and burnt to the hard- nefs of Stone. Hotas, fomewhat diftant from the River to the So'ith-weft, is a Fortrefs feated on an inacceflible Hill, and furroundcd with three Moats full of Fiih, and the Walls of that extent, as ro in- clofc large Fields ; all which render the Place im- pregnable. Soumelfm e, notable for the fine Diamonds Found in its River, fuppofed to be wafhed down from the neighbouring Mountains. Pntt/tim, feated on the Wfit fide of the Grnges, and not on the Eaft as fnine Maps place it, is for Largencfs and Kichnels not exceeded by anv in the Kingilom ; but itsBiiil - dings are not anfwerablc, being but low and mean; 'tis two Miles in length (two Loagues fays T<n'fwi> ) and very Populous. Th's is the Rcfidence of a Go- vernor of the ncighboiirmg Country, and the Stat of an P.nghjh inA a Dmn Firtury, and efpcciallv nf)table for Salt-Pctre. A little bvlow l'iti:,i Jie thfRuintiof rii'. (-.niicc the larecltCifv in the World, beuig a hundred Miles in conipafs : It was the Scat of twenty fix Kings of Bengal!, every one whereof difdaining to live in the Hoifc of his Predvtelior, built a fumptuous Palace, which chiefly contributed to the mighty extent of the Place : thu.-. fir Mr. M:,- p?.il, an Ei.gUpi Traveller in thofe paits. But fa- ther Toft with more piopability tells us, the Wall? ai-e nine Miles in compafs, and cnclofe the Knjniiof many noble Pallces ; at prcfent the place is alfi,olt depopulated. Malda, a litt'e diftant from ilit Rj- ver, is a large Town with a pt cd Trane, and tlic Seat of an Englifh V^iAory. C.;//.h j.-^.i, Icatcd ,it the Efflux of the Eaftern Arm of the ' <i '(■;. in the Latitude of 16 D. is a City of very prear Tvaffitk, efpecially for Silk. HijwK^l.nl, en the t.\lt-iii:t ot the G.mges, at a little diftarce from it, aitd (,ii a fmall River that falls into it, wliiiii maot^ coiruiri- dious Haven, and brouiiht a vonlideiable Irjfficic to the Town, it is well built, and was rouietiiiie the Seat of the Goveriioiir of Bcngill ; lut T^tc m'-r fays the Haven is choakcd up, and the I rade n'- moved to Drtrc<», fume what n'orc to the Fait, and feated on the little branrh tli.nt tuns crcfs tlic lilanj, made by the two Armsofilif (taiigci, in 1 at. n ^0. and extends in lenpth. along the Banks ( f the Kiver five or fix Mi lef. It is tlic Sear of the Viccr. y or Govcriionr of (?f",5 >// prrpcr, .nnd a place li vciy great Tr.idc; rcfortcd to by Mcr, hanrs from C'mit and divers parts o( ln.iin, and is adorned, with tnaiiy good Buildir,t,s, cl'prcial'y the Houfes; wherein tiie K'lgl'f and Dii;c!i Fa>3or,cs ri(id.\ 'Tis cxcie^ipg rop"loiis, viryrich, and abounds with all Neiei- lari.-s. ii:ri^^.:n flands near the fame I .it. as i).icc.\ in th'-' Eaflern ',.rir, h of the (>';■'.-', a little Uiow where the Rivrr Cr.,-. falls into ih:s S:ri.ani ; and was a place of oonfiderablc liade, 1 ut dtclitud fince //ujHf.'r isgrownup. C/ <5.'.'^.ih, Itands tiu th.' fam* branch of the ^i-:>i,i s near its month, and :s a pijceof confidcrable Tr.iflick, and by vv.iy of lin.nuncc called TijiYi) »).!/"'' by the Vrtn.!>ii:^.-. Over ajjiinlt it on the fame River, the common Map place b.v, ■.;.'', whereof we have already fpokcii. Iln (■-/)■ or U:iii,ci), flanils on the Weftcin or main Stream of \hc '>.-.«<:v, in a fmad (land in the middle of the Kiver, al out 30 Leagues from its mouth, in the Lit. 14. 10. 1,' n. 106.30. ofvvhofc Original wo are loIJ, that tiie Pnrtrguf^e Aboni too Years apo came hitlicr, and built little Hutts to vend the C^oiiiiioditics they hjd brought from divers neighbouring i'arts, ;uui were fo far cncouraj^ed by ErkJ/.n; the Mi'g"l then Kemniiig, thatthe^ b ilt aC ty, and had the entire [oil liion of it, till turning Piiates, the Moinl expelled them; but the City however encreafed, .ind became a large, populous and wealthy place, the chief in all thefc parts for EiiYojirtn Trade, at leaft for the Until'', who had a very conlideraMc Fadory here ; bit that the Fa£l ry IS now removed, perhaps roi^ccd b. the iiii- wliolfomnefs of the Air, and fettled at Firt </'//.'- tm. which was built in the Reign of his lateMajc- ■ fty at Caicatt.i, feated on the '.V:n.;ej below //lyjc/;, Farthir to theSoijili-Welt on the Bay of Sri/- , and at the Mouth of the River Gueiie.i, in the I at ::. Lnn. ic^i (laid* /J,i//<i/oir, formerly named ij.(/l'r;..<, a reatonabUjJoo iHavcn and a Town of great 'I'laiie, where air ilie /^)<;///.- have a Fadory. But this aiut Hi.i.cly h.ivc bodi the misfortune to ftand in abac Air, which makrs them at foinc times of theYearfnbiiit to luiheairhii efs. A'l-jo e Hands on the Ian e (-'i:.if, fiimcwh.it more to the South ; which, as alio i'. . >, lintig,i J znA .li^e.iir. are Towns of Trade. M i'7 other cunildcrablc'l'o WHS are in this Kirigdoni, but ihek , On the Sout t l*'I.IG4TE ^iftfi of Diclsn, empire, his Mfrf with popi '0 thevendt 'tf yieJ*! the Emp ^lef Tovfn at Trade is remov and populous T «fe of Stone pr "rgc with fair provided With 1 th* Province I The Empire of the GaEAT Mogul. io<y and as rr.^ny as the brevity of this work will lit us cnnmeiatc : and therefore Diall pafs on to O^fV//, a' Province formerly part of the King- dom if Onlcontia, but now entirely cut off, and maJcpart of thcMogiil's '-.tipirc; it lies between the River Gucitgn on the North ; and Cvlconrta on the Somh; that is from the icth to tliciid D. of Lat. The cliief Town which gives Name to the Province, Itands in tlie middleof it onaHill, loo Miles from the Sea. Betides which lir.tihmn, fcatcd on the River Gil '*:; ('■".ipam, Mui.cipatitm and P.ilhor on the CoaiV, art" reckoned princiraj Towns of thisProvincc : whofe South part bears the Title of V.ikiigind. Frr)m hence crofllng the River ducnga, we enter the Kingdom of BEi(.ii\, a Province featcd on the Wcit of liciig.nlli on cl;c North of Oiixu; and be- tween them two Mr.iv.ty and C.'mivii;. The chief Ci^y is Schti,-i\ not very corfidciable, nor arc there any Towns of any great Note mentioned by Tra- vellcts in this Country. CH^INDIS or K.'lt^DISH that lies next to it, is a Kingdom of larger Extent; bounded on the South by Oiix^indDecM; on the North by Mtth/jyandChiror ; rnthe Eaft by Bc««.'// ; and on the Weft hy Gu:{nrnt, It has tlie advantage of a good Soil, being watered with the Giiciigit, and the , River T-rpte which rifes in its Mountains, and paliir.g Weftward falls into the Piay o^Cambay.-i at Siirar. Upon this River flands the Capital City B ainpo'e, whence fometimes the whole Kingdom is denominated, a large place, but the Buildings low, and the Air unhealthy; it is for- titicd with a ilfong Caftle and reckon'd a good Fron- tier, where the Governour relides, who is coirironly a Son or forac fKar Relation to the Emperor ; The Town is noted for the manufafture of fine Caliccts interwoven with Gold, which they vend abroad to divers Countries ; A few Miles North from Brum- fere ltandsH(ij!rf'''',aFortref»nf impregnable Strength, being fcated on a craggy Mountain, and furnithed with'ioo pieces of Ordinance. Taulhcure, featcd on the River Titptf, te a confiderable City, as is aifo Moudme, on the Frontiers of Chitor. Canmf, a City from which the Countr/ is by feme named the Government of Cunorr; in whofeneighbourhodd ftand ScdM/'^e, Cjiidrr and Siinlwn, The South part of this Kingdom isinhabitatcdby Binenni, who were fgr fome time governed by a King of their own .■ , Their chief Towns are buyintotc ( whereof the King Was allowed to keep his Title after the Mcgul had conquered him) Netheil'oy ani Sithrte ■ And on the Moumains ih the South-Well is the Country formerly p:neircd by a certain i^n/.t named Pitrtafphi:. On the South of Chityicfrs lies the Province of Sil-l..iG4TE-^ which was formerly Subjctll ro the King of Dicin, but rtov* a Province of the Magnt'i Empire. It is a fruitful and plealant Country, well bcftt with potiutolis Towns and Vilhiprs. According to thcvendt 'tis one of the rtcheft Pi^ovinccs, and yielth the Emperor 15 Millions per ytmtum. The chief Towti at pre'fent is Anrcht-nkid, to which the Trade is removed from thitnbat ; it is a ver^ large and popnlons Town but has rto Wall. The buildings are of Stone pretty high and rteat, the Streets wt Urge with fair Trees grovsirfg in them,and the Honfos provided *ith plealant Gardens. The (jOvernonr 6t th» Province refidcs here j he is always a Prince of the Blood, and Aureni-Xjh himfclf in his Fathers, tirte enjoyed it. Dottahad, which was the Capital of the Province, and a Place of great Trade when under the Kirig of Dccttn, is a good large Town fnrrounded with Stone- Walls, Battlements and Towers mbuntcd with Canon, with a Citadel on a Hill which is ft'rongly Fortified, and three other Forts at the foot of the Hill, all which make it efleemed the ftrongeft place the Moiul has, and a valuable Frontier : the King has a Palace in the Cittadel. The Dominions of thia Emperor extend ftill more to the Southward ; part of the Province of Tdengt, and the fmall Province BdgUiia, both taken out of the Kingdom of Decan, being fubjcft to him. Bcdir,the Capital ofTBLF.NGA.is a large City cn- compafled with Brick Walls, and Towers mounted with Cannon, fome of which arc extiieam large, and aGarrifonof sooioldicrs, and 700 Gunners, which are kept in good order, by reafon of the importance of this Frontier Town againft Ocean. The Go- vernour is always a Perfon of the higheft Quality, and lodges in a Cattle which ftands without the Town ; theother^chief Town is Calion. BALAGNA,\i a fmall Trad of Land lying between BalUgittc on the Eaft, Gu'^irnt on the North, Tclenga and the Mountains of SfM^jr on the South, and the For; //^Mfjji; Country on the Wclf. The chief Town is called Moulei. I find iiothinp confiderable of this Province, and therefore lliall now end my account of the Empire of the Great Mogul, having lead my Reader quite round it. BUT Having received an ample Relation of the Death of AuLtig-^fh, and the Siicceflion, by the Shiping now jult come in fincc the Printing of what we have faid in Page ^4. we cannot omit inccrting it here. A Re/dtion rf the Death of Aureng-Zeb, and the Buttle hetmecn his Sons, Hfc. fent from Fo;*/ Sr. George, z';? January 170^-7. «/^N the iBth of the Moon :^ull(lhuda, being ^-^ • Tiicfdny (whi.h anfwcrs to the 1 8th of Fe- briiary 1706-7.) between twelve and one of the Clock in the Afternoon, died Awent-Z^b, in his Camp at Amitdit.i^.v, three Days Journey from AUreii^-AbaJ, in the iliSch Year of the Hegirti. in the 1)1 11 Year of his Ai»e, and in the one .inil fiftieth Year of his Rrign. His Body was foon af- ter without mm h Ceremony carryed to Aureng- Abitd, and the re interred in a Garden. About tha ■ beginning of his laft Sicknefs, he difpatched his ' youngelt Son K/ini-B/tchih to I'ii'uifore, whereof he ' made him a Grant, and alfo of the Kingdom of • Golcondft. And his other Son A\cm turif he ordered ' the contrary way toward Mntvity, apprehendingf ■ what would be the Fate of the Youngeft, if he ' fell into his Hands, and in taking leave, gave hicn ' his Ring off hi? Finger. To this Second Son he ' gave (as gcnetally it is reported) all the Dcbcitn • Coumry, etcept Vifmftrc and Gokmda before men- ' tioncd, which cdntains in it, befides thofe x Kingr ' doojs, four great Sulah's, vir. the Suhuh di Aureng- ' AbAd, the Subxh of Xophtr-Abud, the Subah of ' 9tr»t, afid the Subnh of Chmdifh : And two Siibabi ' more in iiindmjltin, viz- the Subab of Gu^nrette, P ani %m. rM ^, i.i yll^iSi-i m. \4 i V*5 10^ EJST^INDIBS. d I and the SuMj of Mahaji : And the reft of the Empire he left to Shah AnUm. A^em 'twa {or .i^em Shith) was not advanced very far on his Way, \vhen News was brought him of his Father's Deaih, whereupon he immediately returned to the Camp, and with the confent of all the Onirahs prefcnt, on the loihof the nexr Month, viz. ^u/- 'i/«, he afcended his Fathers Throne, and in fome Time after he removed to Aurcni-Abad with the Army, and having flaid there the fiift i o Days of the Moon Mebenum (which are Days of Lamen- tation for the Death of Hiijein and Hafmi, and reckoned unlucky ) about the middle of this Moon, which fell upon the $th or 6th of April 1707. he began his March towards HinJowfhn, hoping to get to one of the two Capital Cities, vi7[. to Dellic or ./ijr,;, before the Eldcft Brother, but he failed: For being advanced near the Banks of Chunpull, \Tlchcmbcl oii] he find his Brother with his Army to be encamped on the other fide ; whereupon he put his Father's Haram, i. e. his Women, and all his own Baggage into GualUeir under the Care of /Ijycd Ch.ui, (ic and then advancing towards his Brother, he gave him Battle. ' The Accounts we have of this Adlion fror^ feve- ral Parts differ very much in many Particulars; but they all agree in this, That in the beginning of the Battle, A^nn Shah's Army had the Advantage of the Enemy, and the Vidory for fome time fecmed to be on their fide ; for they broke the tirft Fouge (Brigade) of the Enemy commanded by A:(im Vddcen^ fecond Son to Shr.h Aalam, Ba^ Chan who commanded the Vanguard being killed, and almofl all his Men ; and forced A:(tm Vddeen to turn his Elephant, and retire v/ich his Troops in great Diforder for a whole Krow (or League) leaving his Tents and all his Baggage as Plunder to the Enemy. Here, on A^emShah bore the Nagbara of Vitftory. But Aj^tm Vddeen in fome time ral- lied again ; and his Father and elder Brother com- ing up with their Fougcs, both Armies engaged i and the Fight was maintained very obninately on both (ides for a long time- At laft heedur Bacht, A:;cm Shnh'i Eldelt Son, who fought in the Front of his Fathers Army, happened to be killed on his Elephant ; whereupon the Elephant turned, and his whole Fouge was put into Dilorder and ran away, and with hiin, I think, was killed his Son, Beedtr Dill. In fome time after li'aU Jitc, 4^em Shnh'i Second Son waslikewife killed upon his Ele- phant, and his Fouge ;mt to the Rout: When A:{em Shttk faw his two Sons were dead, he grew Defpe- rate, and laid all is now I oft, I have nothing left me but to Die; and rufliing into the thickeftof the Enemy, was there killed : But how, or by what Hands he received his Death, is varioufly reported- This Battle was fought on the 1 9th Day of I{ebia VI Au'/, Anno. Hcg. 1 119. which in our Account was the 8th of Jum; and Trinity Sunday, 1707. about ten Leagues from Agra, ' Since that Battel 5^a/i i4ii/^m hath continued in quiet Polfeilion of the Throne, and hath mthingto fear but hisownSons, who are four in Number, and have fo Jealous an Eye upon one another, that none of then) dare leave the Court for fear of what may be prai5lifed in their Abfcnce by them that (lay behind, for which reafon the Empire is in a great Meafurc yet unfettled. ' K^tm Uadijh, remains yet poflefled of ViJi*pote,»nd Shah Ankm they fay, is willing he ihould continue fo ; but his Sons will not Confent to it- There hath been a conftant Talk ever fince the Battle at Chunpull, that one of Shah Aalam's Sons was com- ing with an Army into the Dehcan Country, to Set- tle Affairs in all thefe Parts; but hitherto no Prince hath come down, and no Army bath been fcnt into Dehcan that we hear of. ' Since the Writing of the Account above, we are Advis'd from feveral Parts, that the true Reafon why the Government is not yet fettled, is, that the i^«^rt^0H« have furroundcd Agra, and block'dupall the Avenues to the Place, permitting none to go in or come out, but whom they plcafe : And it is by reafon of this Blockade that there are no new Ciovernours fent to the feveral Provinces of the Empire, no Orders for Coining of Money with Shah /lalam's Stamp, or for Praying for him in their Mafgids, ff'c. Himfelf, his Sons, and all his great Omrahs being (hut up in that City. ' The Occafion of this Blockade we underftand to be this. Shnh Aalam upon the News of his Fa- ther's Death, left Cahiil, where he had been Vice- toy for fome Years, and marched with his Army diredlly towards Dc//iV ; and at the fame time wrote to the Rajahs or Heads of the Hajapours ( of which Nation it is faiJ his Mother was) to come and affift him in his Expedition ; The Ragepours promifed to come to his Afliftance, provided he would give them his Kowl, to reltore to them the fame Priviledges and Immunities which they en- joyed in Shah Jehan's time. This Shah Aalam grant- eel without much difficulty ; and thereupon the Rajahs or Heads of the F^ajapeurs joined him with their Forces, and promifed to (land by him, and fet him on the Throne, or die in the Attempt, which fome of them Adlually did in the Battle of CAhr. pull: After Sbah-AMm hadgain'dthe Vidlory in that Battle, and was now in tiuiet PolTellion of the Throne, the Hagepoun minded him of his Kowl, and defired his Majefty to put it in Execution. ' Shah AaUm, who never cared much which way the World went, much lefs now in his dotage and old Age, was not unwilling to perfo'i, his Kowl; but his two Eldcft Sons veheni 'y oppofed it, urging that they could never aniv. it to God or to the World, if after Aureng-^cb 1 gone fo far to deftroy Idolatry out of the Empiie, and «o efta- bli(h the true Religion in its ftcad, that they (hould now Confent to the fetting up of Idolatry again. ' Thus matters ftood, by our laft Advices from thofe Parts. ' Now, in order to underftand the Contents of this Kowl, wc are to know, that Aureng-^eb, af- ter he found himfelf eftablifli'd in the Throne, out of his great Zeal for Mahomctnnijm, order'd all the Pagodes or Heathen Temples within t! '' '- pire to l>e (hut up ; theit* Imiiges to be brokm, uu- ried in the Ground, orotherwife made away with; order'd Beef to be publickly kill'd and fold in the Bazars; And their Temple at A^""/'' W be Demo- lifh'd, which to the Hindoos was a Mother-Temple, a Place of (ing^ilar Holinefs above all others, and and whither they went in Pilgrimage from all Parts of the Empire. And befides all this, he laid a PoU-Tax, or more properly, a Lock-Tax, upon the Hunnood, ( Hindoo People ) throughout the Em- pire ; obliging all People that wore a Lock of Hair upon the Crown of theii Heads, ( which the Hindoos all do ) to pay a certain Sum Yearly to .. . . - , 'the The Teninfula of India mthin the Ganges. 107 • ilie King. The Wealthy and the Able wac oblig'd ' to pay 20 l{!ipc/is a Head, and fo downward in ' proportion to their Ability. And whatever I'ownor ' Country they came into, they were obliged to pay ' this Tax, it they could not produce a Certificate, ' that they had paid it alrcaiiy in the Place of their 'Abode. The poorerfoit in order to evade this Taz, ' have fometimes rut oft this 1 ock, but that would 'ti^tcxcule them : And it" tliey urgd, they had no- ' thing to pay it with : the Anfwcr was. Then you ' mult turn Mahmcia/i. This Tax is call'J 'Jit-^inl'. ' Now Shr.ii Aalnm in the afc^remenrion'd Kowl ' proiniled to remove all thefc Gri vances. vl-{. To ' take oft" this Tax, to permit them the free ufc of ' their Temples, to rebuild K'^njfe, and to futtcr no ' Beef to be killed or fold publickly. ' 1 he Names of the twelve Moons, or Months, ' which make up the Mahonxtim Year, arc, I. Mt- ' hruirii. i. Scpher. 3. Hrl>i,i ul Aut. 4. I\cbia /III I. C. Cit-.m.tJee ul 9. R^.mc^nii. 10. Sim- ' u! Acher. 5 . Ci/imadec ul * ilchn, T.Hejeb. S.Shai.vi. <). i^i:me:(i'.>i. ic * vn!. I I. \iill{aut/i. li, ^iilliaja. ' Thefc twelve Moons make up the Mi')'im:t.m * Year, without any intercalation of Days or Moiitlw ' to bring it to anfwcr with the S"l.v : fo that every ' new Year begins 1 1 Days fooner than the former. ' For inftance, Suppofc the Moon Md'cn urn in the ' 1 1 19. of the Hcgira, began the lld. of March ^ i;i ' the Year mo. it will begin on the iith. of that ' Month. So that their Fcltivals and Solemn Times, ' do not fall on any fet Time or Seafon of the Year, ' but run round. For Example, Their Hr.nic:;a>i or ' I cnt, which in the Year 1696. fell in Apnl, in the ' Year 1707. fell in Kcvmiber. And by this Ac- ' count we find, that though Aureiig-':^cb dii d in the '91ft. Year of his Age, according to their reckoning; ' yet, according to ours, he wanted about two Years ' and a half of it. Of the Peninfula of INDIA, WITHIN THE G A N G E For a Map confult that of the MOG UL's Empire, to which this is annexed. THF, Peninfula of INDIA within, or on the hither fide of the River Cnti^cs, is featcd between the poih. and the 100 Dcgr. of Longitude ; and between the Sth. aiiii the 20th. Dcgr. of North Latitude, being cantiguous on the North with liiJJt.m, butothcrwifc fjrrouudtd by the Sea ; th.it is, the Indian Sea on the Weft and Somh,' and the Bay of Betiyni/ on the Eaft .- It is divided from Ccjihu by the Straights of hkii.v, on the South-K.xft, and is diftanced froni M.i/.io'rt and the Peninfula beyond G.rn^ v, near goo Leagues, by the Intervention of that Great B.iy or Sea, to which in general, is gi\en the Name of ife«- ^j//, though the inner Part of ic only, may properly bear that Appellation. The breadth of this Land ill the North Part is near 5co Miles, but dccreafcs Southward, growing narrower by Degrees till ic end ill a Point at Cape Comorhi. The Air is txceflive Hot, being feated under the firft, fecond, and part of the third Clinuesuf ihe Torrid Zone ■ So that the Inhabitants for the moll part go naked : Nevcrchelefs the Soil protiuccs plenty (if all Nec"(Iarics, as Rice, divers forts of Fruit!., Pepper, and Ibmc other Spices, Cotton and •Silk; but efpccially this Land yields Diamonds, and other precious Stones, and its Sea affords Pearls. A great Ridge (;f Mountains runs along the middle of the Country, ficin Ri/»iiger to Cape Ccmorin; they are called the Mountains lic Gate or BaH.igate ; and it u very remarkable, that at the fame fame time that the Weather is fiiltry Hot on one fide of thefc Mountains, it is feverely Cold on the other lide, though in the fame Degree of Latitude. A great Number of the Towns ari Catties on the Co.ifts of this Peninfula, are ntii i olfeuioii of the I'miigitcfr, V.hgUp^, and IJ'Hjr.u: s. The Country contains a great NninK r of King- iloms, but thoVe for the iiioft \'\r. ire very fmall, atid the I{.tjai or Kings, Tribuudes or Homagers at leaft, to a more powerful Monarch ; wherefore ic will not be ncceffary to divide it according to its Kingdoms, but we (hall rather confidcr it in five large Parts, i-ii^. The Coafts and Country of Malabar. Oecan, with Cuncan, Balaguata and Canara. The Kingdom of Golconda, The Kingdom of Bijhrgar with the Coafts of Cnrfrnandel, The PriiicipaJities of ";«!;>, Tr.iijcuar and Ma- dura, with the Filhing Coaft. The Subdivifions and chief Cities whereof arc feen in this Table. Chief Towns. Cilfcut P.v:nne I'abur -, Ch.iU Parcngale fCalecUt ^Ti-.no:- Cnriga Paniir ICotigi^n Bipur Cuciimm Chomb.ys Bad<ira Muiieingue Ui ^ ) Cononor Cranj^anor Cochin Coulam Travancour Porcah Caiecoulam Mutetta Marta J (km ld:m Idem Idem Idem Viafin or iN'siv Orange ntat/idnvaJur I? O Cotatc idem Idem Idem Podiagabo Anpamala K.- Changanor K.. Mangata K.. Paru K- Turnbale iiC. Kingd. of Pepper Changanatc K- 1 rivilor K.- Panalepy AC- Tccantutcs f^. Mallians Pffl/'/f. On the 'Montains. '■W ]\\M Chief ;'*.ii!lk 1i '■ io8 EASr^WDlES. -3 J Chief Towns. ''DecanK- CyinJani>g/tr Clutut propcrlj fo \Ks^ky Danda call'ti. CBider Sefnrdon BalUgateJ^. Dolttbad Bider Cuncan Kj Vifidfor Sokpour Pitnnda ff^nierta Carapatan Ctntdfour Dttl/ul AlH»ia Baidai Q Carutia Coun- try compre- hending the Kjnid. of »Onor , Baticila Onar Barcelor Baticila (Gavaradn-Niighar rGarzopa <^k.ke'^' ^hinefi ISathor The City of Goa W /*» //?<»»rf Anchcdiva . The Country of Salfette. • J (Bainatar Gotcond* Condapolf TheKjiiid. fcundavera Bellmeonda of GolconJa 1.g^„,- ^j Couhur Cuadavnri (Bifnag/iror ChMdegry Vehur The K^iiiid. Jcl,ativer Narfwin Cirangafatan c/BifiUgar. IpcUiongn Tripity And the Conjl) cf Coro- maiidel. ■ Maifulipataa Pettipole Caceirt I Caletour Perma Fort Geldria I Paliaeate Meliapur or St. Thomas \ Fort St. George and Madrffpatatn ' Tirpolier area! Negapatam 'Tranguebar Fort St. David C GingJ T'le three \ Tanjouwar Gingi Cidambarm Tanjotmar Priiicipa- y Negapatan, liciesof ./ Madura f Maj/HM Tuteeay Naiques j and the jTrichandiir Catipatam of / Fifhing- j/W<iw4wcor Manapur &c. , Coafl t Jacancurg MALABAR, lies on the Weft fide of the Monn- tains Ballagr.te ; but Geographers arc not agreed of its extent, with rcfpeft to the Northern Boundary ; fomc carrying it as high as Cape Darame, or Cabodes Hamci^ and the River Aliga near Goa ; and fo in- clude Ca),ara in that general Name ; but Sanfon and others cut off that Country, and fo Malabar istcbe reckoned no farther Northward than the River Can- gerecora, a little beyond Conanor ; between which and Cape Comorin in the South may be reckon da- bout ) 5 o Miles, but its breadth is at moft i oo Miles, and in the Southern Part not half fo much. It is divided from Coromandct on the Eaft by the Ridge of Mountains, and on the Weft and South, it is ivalhed by the Indian Sea. The Coafts have many commodious Bays and Harbours, which invite Mer- chants from all Parts : but it is much infefted by Mahometan Pirates, except where the European Efta- blilhments hinder them. The Country is watered with many Rivulets, and the Soil is fruitful in Pep- per, Cardamum, Ginger, Aloes, Bezoar-ftones, Salt- petre, W.ix and Honey, Ctton, Coconuts, ^ . The Pepper of Cakcut is leifer in Grain, than thofe of (i.nionoi and Cochin, and the beft of all grows in the In-land Coumuwi ; this Plant is of a weak Ihiall Stem, and upheld by Poles like out Hops, each Stent bears fix Bunchesof a foot long, each of which con- tain many Grains } they are gathered green in QSo- btr and November, and being dried in the Sun, turn black. Tiie Winter in Malabar begins in May and continues till November, during which time theRainj fall. Injanuary, February, ind March, the Weather is excelfive hot in the day time, but in the Night as cold, and every Day they have a Sea Breeze, and every Night a Land Wind. From ?««* till N(niem- btr the Winds are fo boifterous, that the Coaft is fcarce Navigable. l^Bald^us."} The Country was formerly all fubjeiA to one Monarch, but at prefenc many Kiiigs Reign there, over whom he of Calicut pretends a Superiority, and called himfelf ^amorin or Emperor, but his Glory is palfed away, and liL Country is at prefent a kind of Ariftocracy, thus we are told by Modern Travellers ; but I find by B/il- dtiuj, that in the Year i66i. the i^aOTor/M reigned with grcatPower. However, we fhall confidet the Country as it was formerly governed j for the Revo- lutions are fo various and frequent, that it is impof- (ible to trace them. Thechief Kii^domsof MALABAI{, are thofe of Caleout, CanoHor, Cranganor, Cochin, and Coulm, befldes which there are many others ; as Tr<iMii- cour, adjoining to Caulam, Porcha, and Caleeoulm, the former adjoining to CocAi'w, and the latter to it j the Englijh trade to Porcah, and the Dutch have a Fa(!tory there. Muterta, Marta, and Batymcna, three •tber fmall Kingdoms adjoining alfo to Cochiti, and divers fmall Principalities fubjeft to the 7[amorin. There are alfo eleven fraalJ Kingdoms in the Moun- tains, M?- Mangate and Paru j the Kingdom of I'tp. per, Turnbale, Changanate, Changanor, TriviUr, Pn. nnpely, Angamale, the Kingdom of the Tecantmii, and the People of the Mountains of Panda ; and laflly, at the top of the R'ountains live the People call'd Malliani, whofe chief Town is Priate. The Ci- ties of chiefeft Note in all thefe Kingdoms, are thefe. Entring this Continent on the South, ws firll meet Cape Comorin, heretofore call'd Cory, Coma. ria, and Comaria Extrenia : Situate in the 7th. Deg. 30 Min.of North Latitude, 60 Leagues Weft from the Coaft of Ceylon ; in paffing thejKe Northward, isfeen COTjfTE, the Capital of the Kingdom of Travim- cor, a Place of great Traffick, and adorned with a Chr!\iian Church built in the Year 1600. Travm' eor, which gives name to the Kingdom, fuppofedto be thcCotiary of Ptolemy, and Matadavalur, a large City in the fame Kingdom. COfVLAM, the Capital of the Kingdom thence de- nominated, is a large City feated in a moft fenile Soil and healthy Air, in the 9th. Degree of North Latitude : it has the advantage of a very commo- dious Haven at the mouth of a River, and was taken by the Portugue:(e in 1505. who built anew Town, and ftrengthened it with good Walls, and a For' trefs, but were however beaten out by the Dutch in 1661. CALBCOVLAM, the Q^ital of another King- dom, was formerly a good City, but being deftroy d by the Portu^ue:(i in 1313. it hath ever fincc conti- nued in low 6ftate ; however, for the fake of the Spice Trade, the Dutch have a Factory there. PQl^CA, ?ui?^(? Wars ag: Place; the The Teninfuld of India within the Ganges. io^ PORPA, the Capital of a fmall Kingdom of a- bout 5 a Milci extent, where the Englijh have a Fa- dory for Pepper, which grows plentifully there. Citinpely is the name of the chief Town of Bntymeun Kingdom, at Podiataboy otbetwife Mawlj/care, is of Martit ( and Mutcrttt of the fmall Principality of the fame Name. COCHIN, the Capital ot a powerful Kingdom, whofe Prince is the only one in Malnbar that dares difpute with the S^amorin of CaUcut ^ is a large Ci- ty, or father two Cities a Mile and half amnder, but however almoft united by Suburbs : The upper or ancient Cochin, ftandt about four Miles up the Ri- ver from the Sea ; and is the Seat of the King, whofe Palace is a hne Building after the Eurofenn nianner ; the Streets are large and the Town popu- lous : 1 lie lower or new Town Aands two Miles lower on the fame River, which makes a commo- dious Haven j it was built by the Portuguese, and had many Chriftian Churches, wl.ereof that of the Jcjulis was the fineft, having a ftatcly Tower and a Ring of Bells. Tis a place of great Traffick, and was polfeffed by the Portugueife from the Year 1 $04. till 1 663 . when the Dutch beat them out, and have ever flnce poflelfed it ; and as both Baldtus and Ni'sH/'Dj^'confcfs, deflroyedmanyof the fine Churches and Cbnvcnts, and reduced the City to a much fmaller Compafs, for the fake of fortifying it the more ftrongly ; the River runs on the South lide of it, and on the Weft it is walhed by the Sea, the Haven iias 17 or 18 Fathom Water (fays Buldiius)^ High- tide, and the Town ftands in the i ath Deg. Lat. Vaipiv, a fmall Ifland in the River, which was for- merly a notable Sanduary, is now poflelred by the Dutch, who have built a Fort in it called Keiv Orai.ge. Cl{AKG4N0I{_, the Capital of the Kingdom of that Name, (lands upon the River Chatun, 20 Miles North from Cochin, and not far from the Sea ■ The Pouugut:{e built a Fort near it, and took the City, but were beaten out of both by the Dutch in 1661. Ic is fituate on the Banks of the River about a League from the Sea, defended by a Wall of Earth, and a Stone Breaft-work, which had (even Baflions and the Wall of Earth three more. At the point near River, remains ftill a flrong Stone Tower for De- fence of the River ; and on the oppofite fide of the River towards Cochin, ftands the Redoubt called Pallipcrt, on an Ifland named Saypin, which ekteads to the River of Cochin. [Nieubojf.) From Crangunor Northward lies the Kingdom of C/iUCZT, vvbofe King, as we have faid, was called 7^tmori)i Or Emperor, and was a powerful Monarch, able to bring into the Field an Army of 1 00000 or more He had a vafi Revenue ariling by Tributes, Cuitoms, and the Monopoly of Pepper. The City Cnlicu: ftands upon the Sca-fho»r in the nth. Degi'. of North Latitude 5 a large Place, being as fome re- late eleven Miles in Compafs, but the Buildings very ordinary ; it was a City of great Trade, and was notable loo Years ago, cfpccially for the Portw ?ttf ^c Wars againft it, but now a poor and obfcurc Place; the Palace ftands aijout a Wile from the Town, it is large and furrounded with a low Wall, but the Apartments are proper and well adorned. PiiniDie, about 50 Miles from c<i/iW, is a Place of Trade alfo, having an excellent Haven : 'Twashere the Portufue^e firft arrived, when they difcovered the Etft'Indiet ; and by the ^amorin were at firft well entertained, but bad afterwards long and grie* vous Wars with him, wherein the two CaAles that guarded this Haven were demoUlhed; Palur, where the^I/iworinfometimesrefided. Chule, not far from Cnlccut, where the Portugue:{e once had a Fon ; and Parxngale a Town of confiderable Traffick ; are the other chief Cities of this Kingdom. "Which being the moft confiderable, the whole Country of Mulab/ir is fometimes called Cnlecut. Several fmall Principalities are fubjedl to the :^amorin .- As T//NO^, a petty Kingdom, whofe Capital of the fame Name, is a Sea-port between Cochin and Galicut • CVRJGjI between Pamme and Crr.ngKnor • PANVR^, COTIGAN, BIPVH^, CVCV^4N, and AVH_10LA, In-land Countries ; a.ni Chombap, Brt(/.jrrtand Movtingue, three Ports '/ng Northward from Calecut : But it muft be own ■, . however, that his Dominions are not very large ; for fromCocA-iw, which as we have faid, is the Capital of a confide- rable Kingdom, it is not much above 1 00 Miles to CANONOIi, the chief Town of another King- dom, which is the moft Northern Part of Malabar, a Country of fertile Soil, whofe Capital of the fame Name is feated about 11 Miles from the Sea, upon the River Batipatam, which makes an excel- lent Haven, and the City was a Place of great Trade, but decay 'd of late Years, fays Baldxus. The Portuine:{e built a Fort here in 1505. which en- creafed into a Town, and was call'd new Ctnonor ; it was taken from them in 1664. by the Dutch, who ftill hold it, and drive a good Trade there for Pepper. From Malithar, Nortliward to the Confines of the Empire of the Mogul, lies the< largq Country which bears the general Name of DEC AN or DE- Cam, though that Kingdom be but a fmall Part of it : It is bounded on the North, by the Kingdom of Gujarat ; on the South, by Makbar ; on the Eaft, by the Kingdoms of Golcendit and Bifnagar j and on the Weft, by the Ocean. It comprehends the three Kingdoms of Decam, Cuncati) and Bataguata, the Ifland of Go<j, the Ifland Sitlfideva, and fome other fmaller Illands ; and the Countries of Cannra and Salfette. The Country in general is very fertile, pro- ducing many excellent Fruits, and much Conon, whereof the Inhabitants make very fine Cloath ; the Land alfo yields Diamonds, and other precious Stones; and affords excellent Pafture to divers forts of Cattle bred here, and fold to Goa and other Places. To proceed in our travelling Method, the Pro- vince of C /IN AHA is firft in our way, call'd by fome Julitnar, and by others the Kingdom of the Cbatins ; it is divided from Canomr in Malabar on the South, by the Rivet Cangerecora ; and from Ctincan on the North, by the River Aliga ; having the Ocean on the Weft ; and the Kingdom of ^ijnagar on the Eaft : The People are as black as Ethiopians, ( fays Gimelli. ) It is divided into many petty Kingdoms, but is all fubjed totheKingofBi/n42«>' : Of thefe Kingdoms, the chief are BAIICALA, ONO i^and GA{{ZpPA. BaticI* , the chief City of that Kingdom, ftands in the 1 3th. Degr. of Latitude, on a finall River, about a Mile ficom the Sea, but is no Port ; the Country round it is very fruitful, and the City is (fays my Author) a beautiful well built Place; this Kingdom extends pretty far within Land, and is the more pov* erful of the three. Next i'.'>':fi';i ' >' ' '1" 1 il^ I lO EAST^JNVIES. U |,p m it Mil Next CO it Northu'arJ lies ONOI{, whofe Capital <if rh(j fame Nitni- (hruls ( n the River Mn^eii, in the i.VtIi Uc:'. 1 at. \vli:;e the /'ofH^H-v had a firoiig ^nrt mid gooJ Iiadi.' imd the ll>i;^li/h have now a Fait< rv ; tlir Pri"\i c* this Place licinp hcavi.i and iiior- crteeir. d tii.;ii any other. Tliirry Miles Smith tronihenrc ft.inds .'.<:<:.'", another Fort and Town <t prcic* Trade, built by the Pmtu^uc^e, but now fu'-'jciil to the Oii'ci: ^Al^ZOP-t, that pave Name to that KinRdoir, ftood on the I'vr.c Ri\cr O , but was luircdby the J' '//•: :rt' ; who about >5 N'M-.'s tromit, built a large I'orirtr) called <'i>T>.i);r.;.iAV'; ■:i\ llilieri, j-lhileiii md Sa^^/'-i a'c the chief i«J//r« Cities of G.ir:^''j>r7. Oil the C.alVof C.^rw/ liesthe fl!andWN'CW;D/r//, nbout Z', Miles in G'mpafs where is a very good Hav en, an. I thevef re taken by the Pi'tir ir-;- at their lii(t arrival ill thcfc Parts, ami by them well fortified: l^ut their chicly and at prefciit ahiiolt only I-'actury in liiriir, is CO.!, a City of a league and half in Circuit, lituatc ill ^n IllandcaliJ. 'I'lf"'', of 17 Miles com- paft, made by two Months of the Kiver Morriavu, lays/'-;.',(/r/7H.-r ; (the Maps call the River rJi^/;/;, and 'lis of:en deno:r;inatcd itoiii the City, and called the Riicr .if f. 7 ; ) whicd falls into the Ocean a few Leapucs below ilie lown, making a very commodi- ous Haven, which is extre.iinly well guarded by Forts. This City is the Sear of the Vice-Roy, the See of an Ach-filhop, and the Siiprcam Court of juJicaturc f ir all the j-'oi7r:;MCT'' '•'7/>, as well as its •Stapicof 'I'raile .• It is adoi.redwith manv fumptuoiis FuilJinss, fair Streets, abundance of Churches and Convents. 1 he Cathedral is large, with an arched Roof Uipportcd by Columns, and curioudy adorned vvifli Figures; and though the Walls of the City be fiip.ht, the Kl.irid is fo well guarded by Foirs, that it is rfxkoncd the itronpelt in lufli.-!. The Houfes in this City are the belt in Iniiiit, and the Inhabitants are a'oi't locoo. whereof the Icaft part arc P'tu- ^«Cv ; for the Julian Women are |o intermarried with them, that the Moltiza's andCanarines are the greater number. It -.vas taken by ytlphonf> d' Al- i>u.]i,cr/jii,;thc P^i-'HiiMf^c Vice-Roy in the Year 1 5 1 1, and I 5th Deg. of Nc them I.at. The PciTtuguc:{e do a!fo poilL'ls the neigh >ouring Country of Sal/ettc, where' they have two Forts ; and the Coun- try of IJ.irJcs (mentioned below) and reckoned to have 100000 Subjc£ls in Goa, Snifette and B/inhs. Vt'in licDCC Northward lies the Kingdom of C/OSC.IS or l'isr.ll'0l{, 110 Miles from North to South, and zoo Miles from Eaft to Wcfl, having I)ec/tn on the North ; OtMi-rt and Oca on the South'; the Ocean on the Weft ; and GilU-^nte on the Gaft. Lhijcboien calls it Idalctin, from the Title of its King; it i« now by Europeans commonly named the Kingdom r.^'ifitpor, from its chief City of rhatNanie. The King i Ir./can was a moft formidable Ene- my to the i-oitugue3[i; and attacked Coa with 70000 Men. rnr.ipni{, the chief City of this Kingdom, ftandb a or-i: way within Land, upon the River Aim. I D('^a^im, and is of very large Extent, even lo Miles in Circumference, but thi!n tlieHoufcj arc fcattercd wide; 'tis however furrouiulcd witli Walb and 1000 pieces of Cannon, belidcsfivt- (troiig Forts ; a mighty piece of Ordinance in this Plai e is much talked of, being able to cany a Bullet of 80 weight : In the middle of the City Ifands tlic Kingi I'alacc, which is a Caflle Itrongly Fnitihcil, ar.d guarded by 20C0 Men. On the f.iinc River fomc- Avhat lower, (land Solapour and Pari-.tui.:, On the Coadsdand /r/'nijf/.i or Minnir/a, a Diitrh Factory near Con. Uvdci, the Capital of a fmall Country thence Denominated ; and Fort. /c /P'uniicncivcx ;^ii, belonging to the i'oriiignc'^e. r<7-,i;i,ic/r)/ more North- ward ; Cci-rnp'im ; and /).)/•«/ in the I.at. of 17. .j^, a Flace of good Trade for Ptppcr and Salt, but fomewhat dimniilhed by the Neighbourhooil cf (■•o.t and Siirait, in the middle between which it ftands. The Revolution or rather new State credled here in thclaft Age by iV-i'i^,y, is foconliderablc, that we cannot omit giving the Reader a Ihorc account of it, as we tind it related by Tarcmier and Thcvcua, _ SBV/ICT, who was the Son of a Captain of the King of KZ/rt^^if's (Juaids, andboinat lir.JJ'r.im, v\as of a leftlcfs turbulent Spirit, and rebo'lcd in his F.ithers life time, putting himfclf at the Head of a Fared of/(flj/'05ri';,(which .ire like IlviJItt:) and lived in Power in the Mountains. The King puniihing the Sons fault in the Perfon of the Father, committed him to Piifon where he Dyed, for which iftvi;'; refolved to be revenged, and therefore the more fun- oudy purfucd his Depredations, and by the Booty that he got in Plunder, he foon grew formidable enough to feizc fume Towns, and crcift a little Slate, and refolved to Wage perpetual Vv'ar with the King. But the King being Dead, the Qjieen Regent complying with fomc of his Demands, obtauicd Peace. Hence he turned his Anns upon the M[^ii', and plundered I'ome places belonging tothatFirpcror, who immediately fcnt an Army agaiult him, but the I{r:ia skulking in the Mountains, and by furprizes and Stratagems wearying and outwitting the Empe- rors Army, they were forced to retire. He then en- tred upon th.it bold Acilion, the Plundering of Suratt, which he ctfeiftcd by the hafty and ii'eiit march of one Part of his Army, whillt the other lay Encampt to Face the Enemy, and make an appearance that the whole Army was there. That wealthy City was rifled for 4 Days together, by the 4000 Men he brought with him, whillt the Inha- bitantsfled, and left it to his Mercy. The Englifh and /)Hfc/'favcd their Fadloricsby the force of tlieir Guns and Courage, and the Monaltcry of Capuchins by the power of entreaty was not touched; every Houfe clfc was plundered, and an incdimable Weakh carried oft", the Cowardlv (Jovcrnour (hut- ting himlelf up in the Cadic all the time. This happened in the Year 1664. and as it was a Icii- (ible Afflidtioh to the Great Mogul, he refolved to revenge it, but the State of his other Adairs not permitting him to do it by publick Force, he purpn. led to rftVift vVctJ<»^v'j Ruinc by private cunning He therefore appeared to applaud his Courage, and cx- prpfl^i-d adcfire to fee fo great a Man, promifing him Proteiition if he came to Court. Scvagl had the Courage to accept thisort'er, and having put his Army nnd( r a good Commander, with orders to be always upon the Guard, he boldly went to Court, where he '. Will was to alt a| fume Months, openly compl; that he appreh Death, altho' and under the the fame tii thofe behint Death; TheF caufe an Infur deligncd him g to inarch with Scv.iu promife own Forces, tl %';'s requelt, to him : But purpofe, for b to be laid for and then privat him all the wl the River.<i, moi ihcm, and rude Army. My Ai Story no further he was in bulLi, our Merchants w tvasa potent Em and Viimclli who ctffor the third ii to bring into the Foot, of much I A/.^k/ has. Th; with both the /I lord of all the Ci (pace of near 200 and had Forts al Mountains, belid ingwellFortifiec Northward frt Mogul's Frontiers flriaiy fo called, the general Nan Breadth is not a Ead to Weft ab Eaftcrn fioundai Trad of it exten Chnul, on the Sea Mouth of a Rivei by the Partugut:{. Caftle that is eft this Place is dim. of the Englifh an it, and are at a g rifon in it. Dand. this Kingdom on ihe River Gt. and), fometime t. by fome reckoned but Siinfon names lerefpeakof ihe( it a flrong and w( though 'tis proba * IhePigodi III pi vlncn iIr new ire bui ar The TeninfrUof India vptthin the GhUCEs. i ii was to all appearance kiodly received; but after fome Months, perceiving a coldneHi in the King, he openly complained of it, and toUl the King hinifelf, that he apprehended he had a DiTign to put him to Death, altho' he came to Court without conftrainc, and under the Protedioii of the Royal Parole; at the fame time letting him know , he had left rhofe behind him that would Revenge his Death ; The King fearingto hurt him, leaft it fliould caufe an Infurrectionof the H^jit'i, affured him he defigiicd him great Honours, and propofed to him to march with him to the Siege of Candahnr, which Scv.i^ promifed, provided he might Command his own Forces, the King agreed to that, and at the %(;'s requelt, gave him Pafports for their coming to him : But he ufed thefc Pafports to another purpofe, for by the help of them he got Horfes to be laid for him, at fuch Stages as he appointed, and then privately { with his Son who had been with him all the while) got out of Town, and croHlng the Rivers, mounted the Horfes that were ready for them, and rode Day and Night till he came to his Army. My Author, who is Thevcnot, carries the Story no further, for this happcn-^d but a little before he was in I'ulia, which was in the Year 1666. Bu: our Merchants who have been there fince, tell us he (vas a potent Enemy to the Mogul all his Life time ; and GimclH who was there in 1695. tells us his Suc- ctlTor the third in Dcfcent named I{iimrao, was able to bring into the Field 50000 Horfe and as many Foot, of much brttcr Soldiers than any the Great M'pl has. Ihat he maintained continual Wars with both the Mo^ul and the Portugue:^c, and was lord of all the Coaft from CImut to doa, which is a fpaceof near loo Miles, and within Li>nd toVifiapor, and had Forts all over the Country, in inacceiTible Mountains, befides good Cities and Towns exceed- ing well Fortified. Northward from hence between Cunenn and the lUgu'i Frontiers, lies the Kingdom of DECAN flridly fo called, fmall of its fclf, though it gives the general Name to all thefe Countries, for its Breadth is not above 60 Miles, and its Length from Ealb to Weft about twice as much. Golconda is its Eaftern Boundary, and on the Weft a narrow Trad of it extends to the Sea ; the chief Towns are Chilli, on the Sca-coafts in the 1 9th Deg. Lat. at the Mouth of a River which makes a large Haven, taken by the Portuguese and very weil fortified, having a Callle that is efteemed impregnable : the Trade of this Place is diminilhed through the neighbourhood of the Englifh and Dut(h ; but the Portugue:(e retain it, and are at a great expence in maintaining a Gar- riibn in it. Danja and Sefardon are two other Ports in this Kingdom: and within Land zre,Andanagar,{eaxtA. on the Rivet Gutnta, towards the Confines of Gol- mda, fometime the refidence of the King •• and BiHer, by fome reckoned the Metropolis of the Kingdom ; but Stinfon names K^kj fo : and the ancient Travel- lers fpeak of theCity Deem as the chief, and make it a flrong and well built City with a noble Palace ; though 'tis probabkthey mean Andanainr, which is fonietiinci called DMai/i>, and by Strangers might be corrupted into Dican, with the Name of the King- dom. UALl.iiG/nE, ii a fmall Kingdom feated among the Mountains of Gate, whence it is denominated j between Oxnn on the North ; Cunenn On the Weft ; Golconda on the Halt; and Bi/iiugar on the South. This Kingdom being reduced by the Great M<^ul, has beenfpoken of in our account of his Empire. Having given an Account of the We ftern Part of this Peninfula, we proceed now to the Eaiiern j from the Frontiers of the Megul's Empire to Cape Ccmorin, on the Eall lide the Mountains of Gate, where we meet with many Names of Countries, as Naijinga, Goleondrt, Delli, hijiia^ar, Coioninndel, &c. but the whole feems properly to be divided but into two Kingdoms, vi:^. Golconda and Bijiiagar, and three Principalities, vi^. o^Tanionwf.r, Gingi and Madura} Coromaiidcl and the Fijhitig-CoiiJ}, being general Names of the Coait of all this Country. GOLCONDA, is the North-Eaft part of this Pe- ninfula, and fituate between the Mogufs Countries on the North and North-Halt ; the Bay of Bengal/ on the Eaft; Dscan and BaHngate on the Weft •, and bij- nr.gar and Coromandel on the South. The famous River Guenga divides it from the Mogul's Dominions on the North, and the Moiuitams of Gf.te are its Boundary on the Weft. This Kingdom was for- merly called Oiixa, from a Province on the Eaft towards Bengr.U, which was fometime part of it j but has been conquered by the Mogul and intirely cut off; and by that means the Estent of the Kingdom is much reftrained, being, inftead of 330 Miles in Length, as J. du Barros reprefents it, now not above Zoo Miles. The Name of Golconda is taken from a ftrong Fortrefs to which the King retired when in Danger from the Mogul. The Country is very fruit- ful, yielding Rice, Fruits, Indigo, Caffia the beft in India, fays Tavemier, Pafture and Cattle in great plenty .- But that which chiefly recommends this Country is the Mines of Diamonds, the richeft in the World. Thefe were difcovered about a hun- dred Years ago by accident (a Country fellow find- ing one at Plough) and were immediately fcized on by the King, who Farms them out for a vaft yearly Rent, even 300 thoufand * Pagoda's, fays my Author, and yet retains to himfelf all the large ones that are above twenty Carats in weight. This rendered the King very powerful, but hew-is often attacked by the Great i^iogul, who envied him this Pofleflion. He was an abfolute Prince, Heir to all his Subjedts, 4nd Mafter of their Lives; but all this has not been able to proted him ; for the Great Mogul, by conti- nual Warring upon him, has at length got the Vi- (ftory : and for fome Years laft paft, he has been confined in an honourable Imprifonment, the Mogul poflefling his Country. The People are of an Inge- nious and Virtuous Difpofition, except where Trade debauches them, and therein they (omciimes recede from the Morality they ate generally noted for : • ihe Pagodi ii • piece of GolJ, of which thsre ate oljmj new onej, die old onei ire of a»ft nUt, being worth < igd • half Roupiei, whneis ilic new trt but fan Roupiu. {Vuwmi) Tbty r'<'-i!p' !• I' hi Hi 112 They are rcikoneJ exquifice in the Painting of Ca- licoes. The Air is extreme Hoc, but the Land ij well watered with Rivers and Lakes, and belides they contrive larpc Receptacles for Water in the rainy ^lonltron, which ihey let out at pleafurc to water the Fields in the inol'., fultry Seafon, The chief Cities and Places are, Bnetuga: ihc Metropolis, fear- ed in a very long Plain, fiirroumied by liii^h Hills at fotne difiance, in 1 7 D. 10 M. Lat. 1 5 Leagues from Fi/J/i/w totheEaft., ThcCity together with thcSiib- utbs, is above three Miles in Length, and is very po- pulous, being inhabited by rich Bankers, Jewellers and skilful Artifts, among whom are I'ojiam, ^imeni/iiis and Fi/fi.k:. The i->,</i/7j and Dutch have Fadorics here. In the Suburbs, winch is called liicni-tbtiJ, dweil the Tradefmen and Merchants, none but Gen- try and Nobility inhabiting the City. The Houfcs of the common People arc low and ordinary, having Kaith Walls with Hat Terrafs-rcofs to take the Air upon, but the dwellings of the Cicntry are line. The City is adorned with fevcral Meidans or Squares ; The Kings Palace, A fort of Cattle called the four Tbwcrs, .ind many fair Gardens. Of tie Meidans, thatadjhiiiing to the Palace is the fairell, being fur- roui^ded vi/ith Terras Walks and Ballulircs, adorned With two Tribunals for the Cotouals or Ordinary Judges, and two fairBifons of Water. In the mid- dle of tliis Square within view of the Palace, the Elephants arc made to Fight, having at firft a Wall betwixt them, which when their Fury is raifed, they throw down and encounter with great rage. The Pa- lace is 380 Paces ii length, the Walls of Stone a- dorncd with Turret; , and the infide is accounted to be very beautiful, but Strahgers are not jiermittcd to enter it.There are fuch refervatorics for Water ,that it is made to rife to the highcft Apartments, and the Terraded roofs are built uponfucn Arches, that there are fine Gardens on them, and as fomc report, Trees of wonderful Magnitude growing iti tnenf). The four Towers is a fquare Building' ofi o Fathoni broad and feven high, which is entrcd on every fide by large Arches. At the Corntfrsftand the four Towers which arc i o Fathom high, and well adorned with Gallerys and' Arches. To the tops of thefe Tow- ers tlic Water is raifed, and thence conveyed through Pipes' to the Palace. The Gardens are large, and made plcafant by long (hady Walks of Paltti and A'reca Trees, many Pond's or Baftns of Water, together with Fruit-Trees, and fomc few Flowers. At two Leagues diftaii'ce ft'ands the Caftle of Gol- cmdti, where the Kin^ ufually refided, and kept the RoyaJ Treafury. It is of large Compafs, even 1 1 Miles fay fome Authors, the Walls of Stone buih round about a high Hill, whofe top appears like a Sugar-loaf in the middle, the Walls are furround- ed with deep Ditches divided into jMijHe^ or Ponds full of frclh aild clear Witef , provi- ded ,witK five round "powers, 'i/hich vie ihay call Baftions, a'll well ftirtiiroed with Canrioii. The Situation of this place, with rcfpid io zhi Water, Soil and Climate, as well as rhi: Stre'ilj»ih'i par- ticularly recommended iit to the King's apprbbation, and caufed the whole Kingdom to be denominated from it. This Fortrefs after a Siege of nine Months was taken by >*H'fn^-v'' '" the Year 1686. The King taken Prifoner, and I (uppofe the whole King- dom fubjcded to the Mogul. Condapoly, an impreg- nable Fortrefs of large Extent, comprehending great Fields of Rice, and Orchards of Fruit Trees, Gutfo fuirounded with Rocks, as to be inaccclTiblc. EASr^l'NTUBS. Cundavcra another flroiig Fortrefs ; as is alio li.-llum- eond/i, and fixty three others conveniently fcatid on the Frontiers 'all round the Kingdom, .-ind inoftly Iniilt on Rocks ; but the molt noted Place of ail is (inni or Couloiir, for the fake of the Diamond Mines in its Ncighliourhood ; the Country aljout is craggy and mountainous, and formerly fo thinly inhabitcu, that this was but a very ^oor Village, though now a very large Trading Town, which it nuift needs be, lincc there are (Hiys Tavfniie ) 60000 Peo- ple employed in the Mines: This Town is ifioMil ,i diftant from GokciuU to the £aft, and iSo Nonh from M.itfuh'fi4ta>!, a Port at the Biiy of B.vA'/;:', at the Mouth of the River Wgwffi/i the Southern I.imu of the Kmgdom ; whidi is the chief Place for l-o- reignTraffick in a]l this Kingdom, altho' it !h' liiiall, it is well peopled, the Strcetf^ arc narrow, and the Houfes built of Wood. The Trade conlilh chielly in C/)<Vf/, andthe Haven is extra;!rdinary good. (i/.^. davtiii gives Name to the Cape, on the Eaft of Mat/ill ifi.t.'dn. IShiitipat.tii, a fiiiall Port with a lii:tcb Fadioiy, and M.mdepMum more Northward on tlie fame Bay. Of the DtAMONt) MINKS. Having all along been careful to give the Rea- der fuch pieces of Natural Hiltory ci' tlic Coun- tries we have pallid through as are generally dclired to be known, we cannot omit a Ihort account of the Diamond Mines, which we iliall choofe to do out of a Trail upon that Subjecfl extant in N» <](,. of the Philnfophical Tranfadions, which fe'ems to be written by one that was an eye Witncfs of what he wrote. The parts qf the World known to contain Diamonds arc, thclfland Benito, and the Contiuenc of I'idia hitf.i, and extra Gaigew. Wliereof thofc fup. pofcd' to Ik- in Pcjjw ate not wrought, becaufe the King fufpeifls the difcovery of fuch Wealth would tempt his Neiglibours to invade him. The Diamond Mines in this Continent of India, intra Gtingcm, are generally adjacent to the rocky Hills and Mountains which run quite through it. And 'tis luppofed all thofe Mountains contain them, but the greateft part of them being polfelfed by petty l{njni of ancient Hindons, who hold no Commerce with the Moon, 'tis not known that they dig for them, but rather believed they forbid it, for the lame reafon as the King of Pegu. But in the Kingdoms of Golcotida and injinpor, there are fo many Mines worked, as may fupply all the World, and many more forbid to be >vTodght, to avoid their being too conuiion. In the Kii^gdom of Gokonda there are z^ Mines cm- ployed, whereof that of CaloureorQuoloipe was the firft rtiade ufe of, and afforded great Numbers of very gtJod StoncS, hut it is 'now almoft cxhaufled. out Cnrrwj', Which the Kinghas taken from a ncigh- bfaurin'J Hcniorvn I^nja, is the molt famed for large Stones. Milwe^c\ nr the new Mine, becaufe found out but' in the Year 1^70. Affords the grdateft quantity and well fliaped .^honcs, but tfien they arc but very fmall. Hjddcnbtfg (ii ex- ceeds all the reft for Diamonds of a delicate iliapc and Water, and of various fizes, fome very large. But the Water there is fo bad, that it dellroys the Hcahh of thofe that Drink ir, whifh makes few Adventure to Work it. In thefe that we iiaircd and in many of the others, which 'twould be tcJiou* to enumerate, the Diamonds arc found fcattcrcd in the ^ The TenmfHla of India mthin the Ganges. 113 the Eanh.and within two or three Fathom of the Sur- fjce. Whereas '\noi\\tK,3.%axif^'t^\i;rgfric,Munnemurg, }mtgtrrt, I'urrfille, &c. they are found to lye in a Mineral in the bodies of the R(icks4oor so Fathoin deep, in which cafe they dig into the Rock five or fix Foot deep, and then by Fircfoftcn the Stone, and fo proceed, till they lind the Vein which runs under the Rock frequently two or tl)rec Furlongs. All the F-jrth is hroiight out, and being carefully examined, it\orA Stones of a larj>e lize, and pretty good Water, but if ill (hapes. Tlic Karth where the Diamonds arc found is of a ycllowilh, or in fDinc places reddilh tolour, and finicrimcs adheres to the Stone, with llrong a crult that 'tis difficult to get it olf. To find the Stones, the Workmen luiild afurt of Ciflern of Stone inaile ti^ht with Clay or liarth, and the Walls which are the (ides of it fuj-portod by llrong Banks, having a Vent or final] pallagc on one lide, a little above the bottom, w/hich '.s only plugged ; then they thiow into it all the Earth th^'v have dug, and pour Water upon it Itifficient to Diil'olvi' itall, which they haften by breaking the Ciods ard Itirrnig it about j thus keeping it in motion, tin. lighter part is carrycd off inMiicid, whcnrhe vent liolc being opened let's out the Water, thus ihey continue walhing till it be pretty clean, and then in The middle of the Day, when iheSunisat fullHcighth, they very carefully look t'Verall the Sand, at whitli they are fo expert, that the Iniallelt Stone cannot cfcape them. They never inake their fearchbut at that time of the Day, be- caufe the fteady b' i;htnefs of the Sun adilis them icry much to iiifcovcr the Diamonds, whereas a Cloud r.tervening would make them (lip them over. The Undertakers arc fam to watch tluir Iji- bourerswith great Care, left they conceal what they find, and are even fain t') be careful that their I a- bourcrs expofc not a Stone "f larger lize, which if the Oovernour Ihould hear of, he woui. feizc it for the King. The Governours of the Mines covenant with the Adventurers, that all the Stones tl.ey tind under a PngoJa Weight fhall be their own, but the grcatonesabovcthatWcight to be for the King. A P/T^^/d is nine Mnngeiteens, and a Margellecn is five Grains and three fifths, whereas a Camt is four Grains. Thcfc Governours ufe the Adventurers and Miners very Tyranically, and by fe^ueezing and Taxing keep them always very I'oor, at Icaft they are always forced to appear fo to avoid their Gri- ping, thi' is fpoken of Gokonda, for in Vifiapore they are kindly treated and permitted to enjoy their own. This Trade is almoft wholly carryed on by Bnnneani of Qif^emt, and the workers in the Mines are all Gentiles, no Moors ever applying themfclves to it. hlS>iAGA[{, lies on the South of Gokmda, be- ginning at Mntfutifiitan and the River Nagundi, and rans Southward as faj as Cape Comorin, fix hundred Miles in Length ; but it is now contraifted ; forGiugi, Madura and Tanjourvar, that were formerly Provinces governed by this Kings Officers, are at prefent fepa- late Principalities under Homage only to him .- Weft- ward 'tis ftretched out over the Mountains, as far as the Indian Sea, and comprehends Canam already de- fcribed next to Malabar -. So that at prefent we fhall confine our felves to the Kingdom or Bifnagar on the Eaft fide the Mountains, (which excluding the Prin- cipalities) isabouti5o Miles from North to South, bounded by the Mountains on the Weft, and the Bay of Bengali on the Eaft. The Soil is fruitful, being well watered with Rivers, the Pafturescovered with Cattle, and the Forefti filled withLyom. Ty- gers, Elephants, fioan and Staegs. The Air is ex- treme Hot at all times, but in tiie Wintct (which n diftinguifhed only by great Rains for three Months to* gcther) the Nights are feverely Cold ; and as wi- cbfetved before, the Sealons here are diredly con- trary to what they are in Mtlabar, though it be in the fame Latitude. The Inhalicancsarc well fh?.p- ed. Tawny Complexioned, of effeminate Lazy Tem- pers, but iheManufadurersarc ingenious in making and painting Calicoes, which is the chief Trade of the Country. The King affumed mighty Titles, and was in efled a powerful Prince. ?. du Bnrroi and other Authors tell us, he brought an Army of near eight hundred thoul'and (whereof 34000 Horfe) belides 630 Elephants, agaiaft Idalcan: And Batbrja fays there are 900 Elephants and 100 thoufand Men conftantly maintained for the Guard of the King- dom J ro furnilh which iixpence, he has the fonune to have Tome Diamond Mnes in bis Dominions, but his grandeur is diminilhed. The whole Kingdom (excluding Canara) may be divided into two Parts, vi-{. BISN/IGAI{^ properly fo called, and CORpMAUDRL. The former being the Inland Country, and the latter the Sea-Coafts. The chief Cities of Biju.-.gnr arc the Capital of the fame Name , or otherwife called Chandtgrf^ thought to be the Madura oil'idom : it is a very large City, feated on a Hill near the Banks of the River Kagutidi, in the Heart of his Dominions, and there- fore the iifual Seat of the King ; i: is guarded by a (trong Citadel and three Walls. Narfmea, feated alibonthe i\'<j|/.«(//, below Ch.tudcgty, isalfoalargc City, and fo confidcrable, that the whole Kingdom is frequently Denominated from it, and was ifbme. time the Regal Seat, yehur, another large City, whence the Kingdom is fumetimcs named. Cbativeto is the Seat of a Prince of this Countr> . Ciran^.ipa- tam Southward from Ch.wd.'^j. PcUgongr., a very large City near hijna^ar ; and Tripity on account of its famous Indian Temple ought not to be omitted ; it ftands on a high Mountain, and is icforted to from all pans of the Kingdom: Great droves of Monkeys arc kept in it as facred and highly reveren- ced ; and even the King preferves a Tooth of one of thofe Animals as a precious Rclick. CORpMAKDEL, is extended along the Coafts of the Bay of Bengali, from the Limits of Gokonda to thofe of Madura, that is, from the lethto the isth Deg. of Northern ',at. fome extend it miv:h farther both North and South, but this fcenis to be its trueft Bounds. 'Tis fo fruitful in Rice, that 'tcxeira fays, it took its Name from that ; yet at fome times for want of ufual Rains the People perifli through Fa- mine, and fell thcmlelves into Slavery for Food. The Inhabitants make fine Calicoes and Mullmgs, with which they purchafc the Commodities of other Na- tions, or rather by felling them to the EngllJIi and and other Europeans are enriched fo as to be able to purchafe all Foreign Necellaries. The Coaft has many commodious Havens, which makes it a Place of great Traffick ; but the Ports arc moftly in the Hands of Emopeans, the i>gli/b cfpccially have Madrafpatan and the Fort of St. George, whereof more in its place. The chief Towns proceeding from North to South are thefe. Matjtdipatan or Majfalapatan, although already mentioned in our accounts of Bijnagar, be- Q eauf« ij' Cui''i 'i :,:H, MM .Mm ^l^ E/IST^INDIES. ■\ in CAute fetted on the North Tide of the Rtvtr Nngundi, which partsihat Kingdom from (bis, if yec by Geo- craphcM reckoned in the Limits of Corctnmd*l : nut it is however in the Hinds of the Kinu of Golcondti, and is his Mart for Diamondi, being indeed the chiefeft for that Cnmtnodity in all the Intiits ; and therefore the place is mikh rcfortcd to, and the Enf^lijh and Dutch have conftam Fndloriei in it. 'Tis ■ large well built and beautiful City, but the Hou- fes flaiid Oragling at diltance from each other : wherein reiides a Governotir annually deputed by the Kingof f;i)/i:on<^<i, who lives in great Mate and Splendour ; the CuAoius of this Port are reckoned to amount to 1 4000 I'.igodn's per /tnnum. And the Town is feated, as we have faid, at the Mouth of the River Nntundi, on the Bay of Bcninlt, .in the Lat. of 16 D. ?o M. I'eiitafruli or Petty-l'ote, about 10 Miles trore Southward, ftands on a Promontory waihed by a large River, which winding about makes it a I'eninjula, and falls intothe Bayof B.-n^/i//; It is a Port of fomewhat difficult Accefs, and a place of Trade for Cloths, I'tndita'i, Bettrlen'i, Sec. The Inhabitants are of diflcrent Nations, and the Town is Tributary to the King of Colconda : The liii^lijh have a Faiilory here, as have alfo the Dutch, Carceiro, Caletour and I'ennr, fmallcr Towns, are noted for a Plant ufcd in Dying. Fort OucUrU. a Fort and Fadory of the Dutch, ftands a few Miles up the Country ; 'tis ftrongly Fortified, fecurcd by a good Garrifon, and is tnc Scat of their Trade in thcfc parts, and therefore may be reckoned the chief Fa- lilory.Butthc Goods are (hipped off at P.i/jct/raTown ten Miles off, that ftands at the Mouth of a River on the Sea Coaft pofltfled alfo by the Dutch : bui the Haven is not a very good one. Melitifnr famous in Ecclefiaftical Hidory'for the Martyrdom of St. Tho- mtit the Apoftic, who planted Chriltianity in thefe parts; was formerly the chief City of Coromatidel : but being ruined, the Portu^ue:^e iiuhe Year 152?. began to Rebuild it, and in the Ruins of an ancient Church, they found ( at Icaft they affirm fo ) the Boncsof the Apoftle, which were imnu:diately en- fhrincd, and the new City named St. Thotnm, which is a place of conliderablc Trade for Calicoes and fuch Linnera of a finer Colour than any other. The h'rench feized this place about 3 o Years ago, and held it for fomc time, but were at laft beaten out by the Moon. hUdi/tfftttim, feated on the fame Coaft a few Miles Northward from St. Thomm, in the 14th. Deg. of Lat. is a Town pofTeifed by the En^lijh, and more known by the name of the Fort denominated from our Champion St. GEORGE, in which refides the Governour, and General Fa<£lory for all the con- cerns of the Eaft-lndia Company, beyond Cape Co. morin, upon the Continent of Golcondit, Bengal and Pegu. The Englifh Town is furrounded with 3 ftrong Wall, the Sea walhes the Eaft fide of it, a. broad Ditch the South and Weft, and on the North fide lies the Inditm Town ; The Fort ftands in the middle, which as well as the Town, is of Quadran- gular form, with four Baftions raifed very high : and in the middle of it, ftands the Governours Houfe, a noble Strutfture of Stone and well adorned : the Baftions of both the Town ,ind Fort are well mounted with Cannon, and the Place is very ftrong : The Governour lives in very great State, and in comply- ance with the Cuftomof thofe Countries, never goes abroad without a great attendance of Fadors and Merchants, Se:vants and Guard, Drums and Trumpets, and feveral Palankeens or Sedans of I.4. dies; he has a conftant Guard of ^oc nr 400 Mooii and ratfei 1 foo Men at Summons ; btiiJes the Gar' rifon, which confifts of 700 Soldiers in conftant pay. This Place has been poffcflicd by the EniUJh nwr loo Years under an annual Tribute to the King of Oolccnda : The IndUn Town as we have faid, hcs on the North lide of the Fort, and is fomctimes callr J Madcraji ; it confills of divers Strectjof neat but low Houfes inhabited by the Moon. Since the I'ortufucxe have been beaten out of St. TLomat, they have Vttn entertained at Fort Si.Qcoigr, and a Chapel appointed for their Worlhip. Pontichtry, a fmall Town and Fort where tlic Ftench have a Fadlory; is leated on the fame Coalt, a little below Melinpui. This place was taken liy the Dutch in the former War, but rcftored to tlie fffncA by the Treaty of l{yjttick, and being an in- confidcrable place has not been attempted tliib War i and for ought appears they Itill polTeis it. riiepolier, in the Latit. 11. 45. is a Fort and Fai2orjr of the Dutch, being near Cifcdl, where they have a Houfe. Ncgnpntr.m, which in the Indian Language figmfies the Town of Snakes, bccaufe ol the number uf thofe Reptiles finmd here ; is the moft Southern Port of Coicmnndcl, leated upon ihe Sea Coaft in the 1 o. D. 45. M. of Lat. and walliej by a large River, but however no good Harbour ; the Portuiue^c did polfefs it till 16^0. that the tJu/ch took it from them, and notwithUanding the Attacks of the Naiquc of T.tt.jourv^i itill retain it. Not far from them, the 0<»ncjhavc a Fort named rrnngucbitr^ and alfo the I'nclijh have a Fort named St. David, feated on the aft nc>t far South from Keiap^.tum. Titveinirrm ' ourncy through this Countiy, gives us the names nany Inlanil Towns oi' Loiumandel, but thofe bciii^, .lot frequented by limcpcam, nor in themfelves conliderablc we ftiall omit, and only fay, that at every lO or lO Miles diltamc there are Towns, Villages, or Pagcds, 1. (. Hcathenilh Tcm- plis, all over the Country. The three Principalities or Naiqucs of Gi, "r, TS.NJOVH'AI^ and MADVR/i, take up the reft of this Pcninfula, extending from the Frontiers ot Bifnitiar andCoromandelv Cape Cowtm. They were heretofore, as wc have faid, part of the Kingilom of Bifnaiitr, but the Governours have now thrown off the Obedience, and axe Abfolutc Princes. The moft Northern of them is GIKGI, a fmall Country on the Weft of Coromntidel, towards rhe Mountains of G«f, and adjoining to B./«4^(ir. The chief City of the fame Name, ftands in the Lat. of I '. 30. and about 80 Miles from the Sea ; a large and populous City, the Scat of the Naique, who is a rich Prince, and his Country a fruitful Land ; the Inhabitants make fine Calicoes, and receive in ex- change for them all the Foreign Commodities they want. Cidambnran is another principal City of this Country, and notable for the many Maguificeni Pa- gods and Gentile Devotions paid there. TANJOVH'AH, lies on the South and Eaft of Ginii, raking its Name from the City where the Naique re fitSs, fiiuate neixNegapatam, in the mid- dle of his Dominions, which are not much larger than thofe of Ginti. Kigapatam, polFelfed by the Dutch ; and Trr.ngutbar by the D>mc) ; and Fort St. David India beyond the River Ganges. OtviJ, already irnmiot.^d, arc by fome reckoned lo ftjjid in the limit* of this Princes Dominion). The Naique or Principality of MADVR.'I, lies more to the South, estending from the Confines of tnnjiiimir to Cape Comorin, and con.prehending the Coaft commonly^ called the FISHIKC-iO^ST fjom the Fifhing for Pearl, which is the chief employment of the Inhabitants ; who dive inco ihe Water and bring up the Oyfters, which being opened yield many Pettis: but tbcfe are a fmall fort, and the Imploy- mem b not very profitable, wherefore would not be followed, bat that the Country is Barren, and ihry have no better Livelihood. The chief Cities are Madum, thought to be the niodura of I'toleiiif, a large Place and the iifual Relidcnce of the Naique, fcated at the foot of the Mountains, in the Latic. ef 9 4S- Tuiecorr, fcated in the middle of this Coaft, a handfom well 1 uilc Town, fubjcfl to ihe Dutch finre the Year 16^1. C*iii*tam, a famous Market for Pearls. Mnnoncor ; Tiich»ndur \ Manapnr ind 74c4ncur/, are all Port Towns on the Sciaight cf iUnor. i»5 Thus have we Travelled round this Peninfuli> and viewedall its Countries and chief Cities, where- in we have made ufe of the bcft Lights that are giv- en us by Travellers and Geographers. But muft own , The Rcvolutiuni chat have happened here by the Wars of ore Prince upon another, b.it ihiefly the Conqueftsof thcMoiitl; Lave made great Alterations in the Limits cf Kingdoms, Power of ihe Princci, and condition of Citici and Towns ; thus Cnlrcui which wai formerly fo eminent a Cin, is now an InconlidcraMe Town 1 and the Kings oXCclconda and Bifninrtr, t..at were lately fuch Potent Monarcht, are nov/ reduced to a low Eftate , and the f rmer is even a Prifoncr to the Afci;ii/. But thcfe Revolu- tions having not been particularly related by Tra- vellers, and our Merchants frequenting only ihe Coafls, we have not been able to obtain a better account than is here given, which we hope is not very much different from the prefenc State of the Country. We fliall next proceed to the other Peninfula," fcated ontheEaft of the Bay oi Bengntl; and ftiled the Peninfula of Indi* beyond the Rivet Gmiit. INDIA Beyond the River G A N G E S. For a Mapconfult that of the M.OG UL's Empire, to which this is annexed. THIS Large Traft of Land, which we call by the g> neral Name of IKD I A without or beyond the Gantci, compre- hends three large Empires, and very ma- ny petty Kingdoms, or rather a great number of fmall Kingdoms Sul jed or Tributaries to the three Empires of AVA and PEGU. SYAM under which Mitlaccit and C/)mio<yM ate Comprised. TONKIN, and COCHINCHINA or the Anamitick, Empire, as Sinfon calls it. The main Land is feated between the i oth and the 35ih Degrees of North Latitude, and between the II oth and i)Oth Degrees of Longitude. To which mud be added the Peninfula of Multcca, which fhooti uut Southward, to within two Deg. of the Equino&ial Line. The Boundaries of the whole are, Tnrtary on the North, Chinit on the Eaft, the vtogui's Em- pire on the Wef^ and the Indian Ocean on the South. It is in general a Low Conntrey between Mouatainii ^rniibed with.'aany Rivets, efpecially four Large ones, the C/tc»-, the Cofmiv, the Cafuma or I'riu, and the -loian, which flow fiom the Great Like l*ierinn. On the Northern Fr(.n:iers, and ruiining quite [hro' the middle of the Land, fall into the Sea. ThefcRivirs are fo enlarged by the melted Snows off the Mountains on the Confines of Tartaiy, as to oerfiow the Land, at leaft the Southern parr every year, which et riches the Soil, and renders it Fer'il in all common Fruirs, Rice and Herbs. But as to any extraordinary pro>luce of 'his Land, I find not any credible Teftimony, elpecially that it abounds with Gold (as the Name of Aurea Clm/onefui given by the Ancients to the .Vu/rtcMPcnifle fcems to Pro- mife) does not at all appear. 'Tis true, the fituaiion between India and China, the neighboi]thood to the Spice Iflaiids, ai.J the no yaft diftance from 3<ifan^ together with the many convenient Bays and Har- bours on the Coafb renders it convenient for Trade, and therefore the Pcrtutuc^etnA the Dutch made Settlements at divers places on the Coafts, and have reaped great Profit by the Coai> mirce. ■■m:. aa Of 11^ B/iST'IN7)iES. h.ij Of the Monarchy of PEGU >nd A V A THE Geography of ihe NoTthern part of rhis Councry u left known, than is that of the Countries we have pafled through, for it ly«fo much within Land, that no modern Tra- vellers have vifited it, and therefore the beft we can do u to put the old Accounts in the truefl light we are able. The King of PEGV was formerly Supream Lord of the greateft part, having no Jefs than twenty o- ther Kingdoms befides bis own of Pegu under bis Dominion. But we are told that Monarchy is pulied down by thefevetal Invafions of the two powerful Kings of AV/l and STAM. The former of wh ch at this Day, cithei aftually Poifefling, or ftudally Commatiding all the Countrey between I'id o on the Weft ; China on the Eaft ; Tartun on the Korth j S><ini on the Souih i andTowjw/n on the South-Eaft, wl'ch is an extent of at leait looo Miles fro.n North to South, and above 400 from Eaft to Weft. A Land fo well watered with Rivers, that it muft needs be Fruitful ; and in effeft we are told it produces all things neceffary 10 Life; together with Rubies and Musk, as DoaorHf;/i'M tells o«, asalfo Topaz, Amcthyfts, jacynths and Sapphires, accord- ing to Saiifon , And Elephants and Rhinocerocs are veiy numerous here. The Principalitiei or Kingdoms which compofed the Monarchy of PEGU, are thus named byBaudranJ, PEGV. MAKJTABAN. TANGV. TJPOrUHjt. 1%ANSIANB. ABDIRA. BACAT. CASSVBI. CHACOMAS. JANGOMA. LAl{G4HX- MAN- DI(4NELLB. MANAH,. MOANTAl'. PI^ON. TAX^^nAT. TAVAr. TOTAT. FILEP. CABLAN. CAO^. To which are now added the Monarchy of AVA, which comprehended the Kingdoms of AVA. ARACAM. BRAMA. CANAR]iNE. CO:»?OT^and MARSIN. Our Maps are not particular enough to Ihew us ihe Situation and Limits of all thefe Diftri(ft8 : By ftexving the Seat of the chief Cities, that we can obtain information of. the Reader will find the ge- neral liie of the feveral Froviaces, whirli ii all thai we can give him. /tt^A, the Capital of the Kingdom to which it gives name, ftands on the River Caypumo or Pegu, in the Latitude of 10 Deg. or according to fome Mapt in the 15th. Deg. The King keeps his Court het«, aod it ii a Place of Trade for Jewels and Musk. PEGV, the Capital of the Kingdom of that name, ftands on the Weftern Bank of the River Ca;- pumo ( which is alfo denominated from this City, ) near its mouth, into a Bay of the Sea in the Lati- tude of 1 8 Deg. well feated for Trade, and rcforted to by European Merchants, the Traffick on the Na- tives part, is Ginger, Rice and Silver, which they give for the Spice, Silks Calicoes, and other Goods. The City was ufed to be honoured with the King's Court, but fince the King of Ava, has had the Dominion, 'tis probable 'tis Jefs conftantly here. This King according to the old Relations, was ex- ceeding powerful evf n next to the King of China, and capable of bringing an Aniiyof 15=0000 Men, and 800 Elephants into the Field, as G/i//>. Balli re- lated aboiit 100 Years ago. The City was divided into two Parts, whereof one Part was the King's Court only, and the other Part well inhabited by Merchants. This Country is exceeding fruitful in Rice and other Grains, ifTordeth alfo Rubies, Civet, l.afca, and a great Numbers of Elephants, among which fome White ones, which being a great Rarity, the King gives it as an addition to his Titles, and the King s Dominioni> extended ver) far, as will be feen by the many Nations we (hall have occalion to mention, that were his Vaffals. MARTABAN, a fmall Kingdom fubjcct to him, lies next to Ptgu on the Sea-Coaft to the South-caft. The chief Town of the fame name, ftands near the Sea in Lat. 16. The Soil round about it is fo Fer- tile, as to yield a treble crop of Rice as fome relate, which enables them to ftnd abroad great quantities of that Grain. BREMA or BRAMA, another Kingdom within Land, formerly fabjeft to Fr^a now to Ava, a Place Dr. Hey!in makes the Mother Country of the Bm. mini or old Mitim, whence the prelent Priefthood dcfcended. He extends this Countrey very far, even 150 Leagues one way, and twice as much ano- ther, comprifing the Kingdoms of Ava, T/ingu and others.as well as this under that denomination. The chief Town of the fame name Aaads on the River Mtnan, in Lat. 20 Deg. TA7<GV Kingdom adjoins to it on the South, and was a Place Ibmetime notable in HiAory for the Am- bition of its Vice-roy, who A. D. 1467. fetting up forhiinfclf, became Lord of this and the Neighbour- ing Countries, but the SucceflloM lafted not; now fubjedt CO the King of Av«, AR/l Cam, fcate J near the Se,i-Coaft at the mouth of the River Cofmin, between Peru on the South, and Bengali on the North-weft. The Capital of a Kingdom which was fomctime c^nGderable, as tak- ing rry Of the Kingdom of S Y A M. uig part wth the Ufurper of Tat^u above mencion'd in pulling down the King of P»?«. The Portugue:^* bad made fome Settlements hereabouts, at the begin- ning of the laft Century, but were expelled. The IflanJ Sundiva which ' ey polTcfliJ, lay near adja- cent to this Coaft. VEI{M^, an In-land Country on the Frontiers of Bengali, and on the North of Arracbam. COMOTAGE, on the North of Verpui, and ad- joining to MoguliJfi>i, another fmall In-land King- don' ivas formerly fubje(ft to Pfgi/, now to its own King. The chictCicy of the fame name, ftandson ihc Kivcr Caor in Lat. 28 D. C^Ol{, on the North of Conutage, formerly alfo fubjcd to I'egii, but now to its own King ; fo per- ftdly In-land, that we know nothing of it The Maps fet down ia chief Cty on the Kiver of the fame name, in Lat. 32Deg. and 130 Miles South from the Lake Cbimaj. TOT/iT, whofe chief Town of the fame name, Hands on the Caor, was alfo formerly fubjedt to Pegu, now under its own Government. LAl{pAl{/lT, feated near the head of the River Mnary a little beiow its Efflui, from the Lake Cbi- mar, m Lat. 33 Deg. is the Lapitaiof another King- dom fubjedl CO Pegu- xnrATy on the Mtntn, JAX^ATAT, with in Land, both now under their own Government, tho' formerly (li;'|e£l to Pf^u^ TI{ANSIAN<1, alfo now free, the chief City ftands on the Mman River, in Lat, 16. Dcg. TIPHA or 71P0VI{j1, lying between the two Ri- vers Ce/min and Cajpoumo, with inland, is alfo under its own Jurifdioion. CASSVBl, adjoining toTlpra on the Eaft, is alfo a Country which has thrown off die Government of Pegu. CANAHANE, named alfo CATPOVMO, and thence the River otherwife call'd Pegu is denominated, a Country formerly under Ptgu, but gained its free- dom, however its King is IHU Feudatory to the King of Ava, Its chief City feated on the River Pegu in Lat. 14. is by Baudrand reprtfcnted as a large well built Place, Populous and Rich, and efteemcd one of the beft in thcfe Countries. flLEP, a fmall Kingdom tmder its own Govern- raent, lies on the South of tanitrane. MAND1(ANELL, a Country lyiiM tetween Ca/^ fubi on the North, and Taratay on Ok South ; the chief City feated on the Petu River, is fubjet^ to the King of Pegu, as are alfo MOANTA in the Mid-land, and MANAl{^ upon the Frontiers of Siatn, and on the River Mevan, Between Bmm* and the Frontiers of Siam, lies the Country named JANGOMA, poflcfled by the People called Laoj, a Stout and Warlike Nation, and their Country a rich and feitile Soil. The Old Relations extant in Uackjuit, rrndcr this King fo exceflive Rich, that when the K'ln^ of Tangu took the City of Pegv, he found as mjchlrea- fure, as 600 Elephants could carry What the pre^ fent State of it is, we are not appriz'd ; for as I faid before, 'tis too much within Land to be vilittd by Strangers, and the Natives have never coin<^ a- mongftus. ill.! ■'''Ill m i iii'M 'i- ■'» ■■ , Of the Kingdom of S Y A M- 1"1HE Kingdom of Sr-^ M or the Country of the SIAOMS, otherwife by themfelves named the Country of VAi, or Ftce-men, as Lonbire tells f;, extends from the Fron- tiers of Jtintonw. in the North, down to the City Patane in the Il}hniut, which joins Malacca to the Continent, in th» South ; and on the Eaft fide of that Bay to the Iliver Chautebon, which pans it from Ctmlaya ; in Form hke a Horle-lhoe, round about the Gulph of Sjam. In length on the Weft fide, from the yth, Deg. to the ixd. Deg. of Lat. which makes 900 Miles ; and on the baft fide, from the 11 Deg. (in which the mouth of Chanttbm Kiver lies) to the iid. which makes 600 Miles. And in breadth in the upper Syam, or the part above the Gulpb, near 300 Miles : But in the lower Syan, which is the Iflbmui of Malacca, not above too Miles. It is bounded with a Ridge of Mountains on the Weft, which divide it from Pef ; on the Eaft'by another Ridge of Mountams, which divide it from Cochin-china ; on the North, another Mountain parts it from the Country of Laot j and on the South, Malacca, the Gulpb of Siam and Cambaya are its Boundaries, Thus Seated it is a large Valley, thro' the Bofcm whereof the large Rivet Menan flows, and reccivei divers other Rivers, which ate fo encreafed by the melted Snows falling off the Mountains, that the whole Land is annually like Egyft^ cvcrtlowed and made exceeding Fertile. Tfce I' .- ;|S Wi; Ii8 BAST^llSIVlBS. i^Hw ' II ^^^By^ i HHk HI; The Produdls of the Earth, are Rice, Cotton, Su- gar, Cinnamon, but not right good ; Pepper, but rot in much plenty ; and of Fruits, Tamarinds, Banana's, Manjio's, Anana's, Coco, Limes, Jum- borsa Fruit like a Citron, Lemons, Ciiruns, Oranges, and Pomgranatcs, and feveral others peculiar to tlic Country. Oflrccs, thechief isthe Bh'm/'ou, which they ufe in Building j they have alfo the AquiU or Alofj, which is a verj hard Wood and alfords an excellent fmoll ; the A'cc and Beiele Trees, which affords the Fruit and Leaf, which they chaw conti- nually ; and divers others not known among us. There appears great quantity of Gold in the Or- naments of their Temples, and large Images of that Metal, which give us room tc believe there were anciently Mines of it in 'his Country ; but if there tvere, they are cxhaviftcd ; for divers Burcpr/ini em- tloyed by the King, could difco' cr only Copper, a bad fort of Tin,fuch as the Tca-Canifters brought hi- ther are made of, Chrsflal, Antimony, tmeralds, white Marble, and iron, in the Bowels of their Mountains. Mr. Loibierc indeed tells us that one Mr. Vincent a French-mtin of his Acquaintance, faid he had found a rich Oar, which he judged to be Gold, hut would not difcovcr it. The Iron Mines near C/imfenf^-pet, are fo excellent as to rife pure Steel, whereof excellent Scymitars, I'onyarJs, and Knives are made. But ihey are fucli bad Forge- Men, that they cannot make an An- chor, nor even Chizelscr Saws. Of Animals, here are found Elephants, Rhinoce- rots, Tvgers, Drer, Buffaloes, Oxen, Cows, Goats, Shcpp, Hogs, Cs^c. Of Birds they have divers forts of lovely and \arious colnur'd Feathers, but 'tis obfcrv'd there are none that have Mufical Voice. They have both tame and Wild Fowl for Food, to thofe that will kill, but that part of the Teoplc that are of the B'ltmin Faith, arc much dil- plcafedto feethem catch'd. • Their Earth is a fort of Mud and Clay, as the Waters leave it after the Inundation, which is eafi- ly Pk)w'd, and yields mighty Crops of Rice, fo at to enable them to fend great quantities abroaJ, to the neighbouring Iflands and Countries, who for want ot luch Inundations are often reduced to Fa- mine. The higher Land affords fome Wheat, but they are not careful to propagate it, contenting ihem- fclves with Rice, neither is it indeed good, being too dry. The People are a mixture of divert Nations, whom Flights from their own Countries, or the pto- fpcft of Gain haji brought hither ; for it is fuppofed tne lownefs of the 1 and, and the inconvenieiKe of the annnual Inundations, made the Country lon- ger unpeopled than its neighbourhood j an<i in ef- fect, they feem by their Form and Manners, to be of the extradtion of Indin, China, Tmquin, G?r. They are of rude unpolifhed Behaviour, trnacquainted with the deeper Parts of Literature, which their na- tural Lazynefs keeps thrin from penetrating into, altho* their Fancy be lively, and Apprehenficn quick. Their Children are taught tc Read, Write and caft Account, by their Tr.lnpoini or Prieft, but further Learning they ate not fond of ; Poetry indeed em- ploys their Wits, and Judicial Aftrology with other Divination they are fond of Altho' they are very Covctcus, they are very Honrft in Dealing ; in Be- haviour Courteous, but Pulfilanimous, and Lazy ; the Mcrhanicks work little and not well, alldefire to be 1 hants, which with Fillicry is their chief Employment. The common People go almoft nak- ed, wearing only apainted Calieoround their Waftc and down to their Knees, but the better fort put on a Shirt, ot Veft of Mulling, and fometimes a Man- tle, with a Cap and Slippers : Notwithftanding they go thus almoft ruked, they are very Modeft, and carefully conceal the Privy-Parts. They arc in Sta- ture of the fmaller fize, but well proportioned, and their Complexion Brown. Their Food is Rice and Filh, and their Drink, Water: Wine is not here produced, but being brought from SMrai, is drank by them with delight ; but their common De'jauch is in Trtri and tien, the juice of the Coco and Arec- Trees. The King according to the Cuftom of the Eaft, is an ahfolute Monarch ; he gives the 1 and to whom i.e pleafes, and takes it away when he will, whcre- fo'.e no Families can be cnobled by Eftates. Knr ii there any Nobility but by Offices, which the Kin^ confers and takes away at Pleafure ; whence fays Loubine, 'tis no uncommon thing to fee, the Son or Grandfonof a Lord tugging at the Oar. All the Men in the Kingdom except the TaUpoim or Prielts, are liited Soldiers, and bound to ferye the King fix Months ; he Arms them, but they Maintain and Cloath themfelves ; and when no Wars are, he em- pl lys them in fuch Services as he thinks fit. Where- fore the People that are able, commute for this Ser- vice, and contract with him to be excufeJ for a quaori-y of Rice, Aloes-wood, Elephants, Cattle or other Commoditic, or Money. The King is the Grand Merchant of the Kingdom, and has the Mo- nopol. ot all the Staple Goods, as Tin, Ivory, Salt- petre, Sulphur, Lead, Sapan wood, Arack, Arms and Skins, which he (ells to the Dutcl: Ke hath Tax's upon all Plow'd-Land, upon Boats, upon Fur- naces that diftil Arack, upon the Fruit-Trccs, Cu- ftoms upon Merchandize, and other conliderable Revenues, which render him eneflivo rich, and bis People cxtream poor. In Religion the Sinmfet are ftupid Idolaters, wor- ftiip Images, and have very extravagant Dogmata : But in Morals their Dodrinc is good, they are forbid to I ie, to Steal, to ccmmit any fort of impu- rity, to Drinks I Vine, or anv intoxicating Liquor, or to kjU, which lift they obfcrve with great firidncfs, and eat no Beafls but what die naturally • They are commanded to fear God, faft on certain Da\s, and do no manner of Work on thofe Days ; c>c. The Kingdom of ^T4M is divided into the l^pper and the Lower ; the Upper which is the Northern Part, is fubdivided into Seven Provinces, which bearthe Nameof the chief Cities, v!:[. Pourfelcuc, Sttuqutkuc, Lacont/ii, Cnnfeng-pet, C»- conretina, I'echeLonne, and Pitcl.'/ii, Tne Lower or Southern Part contains the Pro- vinces of CliAntihon, Petchit or Bcrdchng, Tchiai, Te- najfrrim, Ligor, Pitinn/i, and Ihor. The Situation of thel'e Provinces are thus, Pourfehuc, is the molt Northern, the chief Town, is feated on the leffer River jt/(n.tn, in the loih. Deg. of Latit. A City of great Commerce, and Forti- fied with 1 9 Baftions. S.tngudcur, lies on the Weft of it in the fame Lati- tude, a confiderablc City. l.acontai, on the South of Sm^ucIoc, Campeng-pet, on the South of LacontAl, in Lat. 1 8 Deg. on the Well lide of the River /M.-njn, the Province extending to the Frontiers of P'gu, famous for the fine Iron-Mines near it. Pc- Of the Kingdom of SY AM. Pechebon, Cocon-refitia, and Pitchai, do not appear in the Maps, but may be fuppofed to lie on the Baft and South of thofe before named. The Provinces of Lower Siam, matching from Eaft to North-weft, and then down Southward lie thus. ch/intebon, as Loubier calls it, but the common Maps name it Liam, flands at the mouth of the River of the fame name, and near the Coaft of the CJulph of S;nm, in Lat. 1 2. on the extream Eaft Part of Syam. lenajjerim, lies on a River of the fame name, that 1 5 Leagues below, falls into the Bay of Bengal!, in the inouth of the IJlhmui of Malaccf., 180 Miles *)outh-weft from the City of Syam. Ligtir in the Pcninfula, in the Gulph of Syam, r«ar the Sea-Coaft in the 8th. Deg. of Lat. I'ntati.i, featcd alfo nn the fame Bay, in the 6 Deg. io Min. of Lat. is rcckon'd into the Dominions of this ^ing, but it only pays him Homage, being governed by their own Magiftraic?, whole Chief is a Woman chofen by themfclves, and always an old one that (be may not Marry. Jor, Jhor or Jihor, is the moft Southern part of the Peninfula of Mntdccti, tvhicb, altho' the King of j>/i»i may put into his Title, yields him no Obedi- ence, being governed by its own King. Having thus given you .1 general Geography of the Kingdom, we will proceed to asmuch particular as we can pick out with certainty The City of S»/M, otherwife named ODI4 or OD/O//, and formerly called INOl.l, is a large City feated in an Illand, in the form of a Purfe, made by the windings of the Riv-r Memn, in the 14 Deg. 20. M. Latit. Longit. tio D. 30M. The Streets are large and ftraight, and in fome places paved with Bricks laid edg-ways. Moft of the Streets arc wa- tered with Canals, over which aremany forty Bridges made of Hurdles, and fome few of Brick. The Houfes are low, built of Wood, according to the common method in this Country, raifed nor 13 Foot from the Ground.upon Pillars of large Bambou's, to prevent inundation, with a (orry 1 adder inftead of Steps. They have ufually but one Story, and where in Grandeur a difference is made of Apartments, the Floor of one Room is raifed a flep or two, and the 11^ next Room as much, and fo forward, every Apart- ment being propoitionably mote honourable, as it is raifed. And therefore the Roofs are of difTcrenc height, the Walls arc but Hurdles hanged with painted Cloath, and the Floors the fame cover'd with Matts or Carpets. In fine, the Houfes appear neat, but not at all Magnificent. This is the general manner of the Houfes of the Natives; but the Euroteaut that have been amongft them have built Brick Houfes, and fome of the better fort have imitated them. Altho' every Houfe ftands upon much Ground, by the means of having but one Story, and withal are generally furnilhed with Gardens, yet not above a fixth part of the Ground within the Walls is built upon, but then the Walls go quite round the Illand, which is 1300 French Fathoms long, and iioo broad. The KItgs Palace i^ands on the North fide of the Gty, aid is not of much better Strudure than the left, except that it is built partly of Brick. Lcuvo, featcd to the North of Siam, near the Eaft Ba'- . ot the River Mmnn , is notable for the Kings Palace of Pleafurc, where he has fine Gardens. This P.-ilace is alfo built of Brick. Bincock,, fcated in an Tfland of the Menun, about feven Leagues from the Mouth of that River into the Sea, is a Town of Note, and is fecured by Forts on the Banks of the River. This is the place where Cuftom for Merchandize is paid. On the Northern Frontiers of Siam towards Pegu, flands the City Ctmboii • and towards the Frontiers of Laos, the Town of C'oivi^fwa both famous. Scotati, in the Latitude of 16 Deg. near the Menan^ is alfo a confiderablc City. Thus we have extracted all that is proper to the rurpofc of this Work, out of the Relation of Monfieut Loijiiere, and that of the fijc French Jefaits, ■.>'ho having been the lateft Tra- vellers thithei , we thought moft proper to be followed, ani' not being able to Colleiil more from them, linifh here our Account of Syam. rather than Copy the uncercgiinties of h^arfay Infoi- mations. w m W >' ' '*' M .4. 1 iii'i ¥ rsi^i , sf "•„ i^ i r"r Of M'l •»!«. ,(>'•> I20 MAST^lJ<iVlES, r'fi OF THE Peninfula of MALACCA: Or the Ancient Aurea Cherfonefus. TH E Neck of Land adjoyning to Sytim on the South, and ftretching out S. E. to N.W. from the iftto the 8th Deg. of N. Latitude, is now commonly called MaUccti, from the City of that Name, and fur- rounded by the Sea on all fides but the North, where it joins to the Province of Ligor and Parana already mentioned in our accotint of Syani, A Coun- try of about 300 Miles in length, and 1 5 o in breadth . The Portuguese in 1 5 1 1 . planted thcmfclves in it, and have ever fince had fome footing there, but the Dutch have moftly driven them out. The Air is exceeding hot, but the Soil however not bad, for it produces Rice, Fruits in great plenty, Cattle, Came of both forts, wild as well as tame Fowl. And Elephants, Tygers, wild Boars, &c. The Language of this Country is the mod Copi- ous and Polite of any in the India ; and therefore is commonly ufcd ail •vn its pans, and is called the MALAYAN-Tongue. A Didlionary whereof has been lately Printed at London, b) Captain B:wry. The Country is divided into many fmall King- doms fubjed to their own Princes, but their Power is not confidcrable, and the Dutch and Portuguese have always lived undifturbed by them. The City MAL^CC^, feated on the Wcftern Coaft, in the 2d Deg. 30 M. Lat. in the ftraight which divides thisPeninfula from the I(land5«w/if ra.is iSoo Paces in Circumference, whereof iooonthe Sea fide on the Eaft fide runs aRiver,and on the N.W. flanils a Mountain, round which a Channel is cut from the Sea to the River, and thereby the City made an Illand. It is ftrongly Fortified with high and thick Walls, and a Fort on the other (ide lite River. The Portuguese fitft Fortified it, but the Dutch viYio took it in 1640. now poflefs it. It is inhabited by z or 300 Families Dure/; and Poituguese, together with Malayans and Cbinefes in the Suburbs. And is a handlbm and populous Town, fome of the Streets fpacious, and the Dutch Houfes of Scone but the common Strudture is of Bamboo and low. The walking Canes which we ufe in England^ come moftly from this place. It is well fupplied with Filh and Fruits, and is confiderable for its con- venient Situation for the Paflage to Cl-ina and Syam, but not very notable for its own Traflick, {Damfeir.) Sincafourtt, feated on the fame Coaft, about 1 00 Miles South-Eaft from Malacca, is notable for giving Name to the Straights of Sumatra, and ftands upon the moft South point of all wy?.;. It was confiderable for Trade before the building of MeUcca, and had its own King. Ihor, the Capital of a Kingdom which we fpoke of in nur account of Syam, "ftands at the point of this Continent below Sincopoura. Ic was a laree confiderable City before the Portuguese in 1605. de- ftroyed it. The Kitigof it being thereby driven from thence built another City higher up the River, which he called Batufabar. {Nietihoff.) Pahant and Potiniaram, on the Eaftein Coaft are Port Towns. And Pat ana, the Capital of a Kingdom which we mentioned in our account of Syam, is a noted Marc Town. Qiieda, over againft it on the Weftern Coaft, isalfo a Port Town. O F CAMBODIA or CAMBOYA. CAmbodia, lyes on the Eaft fide of the Bay of Sy.tm on the North ; Cochlnchina on the Eaft j and the Ocean on the South. The Wcftern part is Mountainous and Dcfart, the midland lyes low, and has the River -Vfiron running quite through it from North to South, which overflows Annually, and diowns the neighbouring Lands. The Country yiilds Venifon, Beef, I'ork, Goats, Poultry. As alfu Oranges, Citrons, Mango's and Coco's, toge- ther with Rice in very great plenty. It is governed by its own King, who is Tributary to the King of Syam. The chief City Cambcyn is feated on the River Mccon, in the nth Deg. Lat. it confifts of one large Street, built on a high ground to proteft it from inundation. The Pottnguf^.' have a Faiitor) here, and receive in Exclian;;c tor the Goods they bring. Rice, War, Laci(uc, Benzoin, Brafs, China, Iron, &c. The other Towns ot note are Lauwccl^oi^ the Monte, 100 Miles above C-mt- bofa, which Baudrand makes the Capital City. Xiriaii.i. Pulo Condore. Tgrrma, Lamor andC<iM, three Port Towns on the Vl'efternCoaft. On the Coaft of Cambodia, at no great diftance from the Shoar, there lye i. parcel of fmall Iflaods, whereof the chief as being the biggeft and the only one that is inhabited, is Cmdore or Ptili-Condort, Pulo fignihes Illand, fo Piilo Condon- is as much as to fay Condore Ifland. It lyes 10 Leagues South and by Haft from the Mouth of the River of Cambodia in 8 D. 40 Min. Latit. It is about four or five Leagues long, lying North Haft and South Weft, and not above four Miles broad in its largeft part, and in other not above two Miles. The next Ifland in bignefs lyes fo con- veniently at the Weft end of it, that it forins a cooimodious Harbour. In fome parts the mold is black and pretty deep, but the greated part is Sandy ; divers tsll and large Trees fit for any ufe grotv upon it, among which, one they call the Uamitiar-Trce, yielding a clammy juice of a brown G3lour,which being boiled becomes likeTar,and may be boiled to the conliftency of Pitch, this 1 rce is three or four Foot Diameter, and inuit be wounded very deep Horizentally, and again Perpendicu- larly, and making a fufiiciem Cavity, the juice flows down into it. Here ate Mango-Trees j a Tree 121 bearing a Fruit like a Grape ; and wild Nutmeg- Trees. Of Animals here are Lizards, Guano's, Pidgeons, a fmall fort of Cocks and Hens, which run wild in the Woods, and arc good Food, I.impits, MufclTS and Turtle. There be many fmall Brooks of frefn Water which dry up in the heat of Summer, but Wells may be dug in fome parts to fijpply during that Seafon. The Inhabitants are of fmall Stature, dark Q)mpIcxion and good fhape, civil tn their behaviour but very poor : they are of Ccchinehina cztraA, and are Idolaters. Their chief employ- ment is making Tarr or Oiammat from the Tree above mentioned, and tranl'porting it to CochinchiM. (D^mpeii.) The Situation of this place is very commodious for carrying on a Trade with China, the Philipitie IQands, Tonquin, Ciichiiid}ina,Ciimbnjf.^ Syam, and all that Eaftern Coaft And was therefore poileffed for fome time by our new Enj/iY^ I-eJI-hdia Company, who in the Year 1701. fettled a ^nall Fadtory here w^=ch had taken a Party of Natives from Ctlttrs to ferve and aflift them j but thefe People rofe in Rebel- lion the beginning of -Wrr/', 1705. Burnt, Murder' ed and deftroyed the whole Fadfory, their Houfes and Goods, in fo much, that but very few efca • ped. i' im )" ! O F TONQUIN AND COCHINCHINA or ANAM. TH E Coiinneni wliieh we intend to com- prize in this Chapter, extends from the nth Deg. to the 23th Deg. oflat. lying beyond S]tam and Cjmhodia, the upper part which is Jomjuin, extends to the Frontiers of C.iiina, and the lower part is bounded by the Sea, named the Bay of Tonquin. It conlifts of the three Kingdoms of Tonkin, Ccchinchina and Chiampa. TONgJ/'rX,Ton4''«,or To»i-/ii>/,bordcrs on the North and N. F.. on the Kingdom of Cliina, on the Weft upon the Country of Laot ot Jatucma, to the South upon Cochiuchina, and the South Eaft it is waihed by the Sea. The Soil is rich, and fertil watered with divers Rivers, the chief of which is large and di- vided into two Branches, which fall into the Bay, one whereof called /{okioo, at ibeN. W. corner of it, at 10 Deg. 6. M. N. Lat. The other Domea, 10 Leagues N. E. of it in 10 D. 4;. M. which is both larger and deeper than theother, and frequented by Hutoptan Ships. The Ait is healthy and pleafant in the Dry Scafoo, but is very hot if the Sun appear in the Monfoon. The Rairo begin in May, and tail to Stftnnbtr, and caufc great La.id Floods ; but from Novembir to March, the Weather is dry, warm and pleafant. The Soil produces every thing neceflary to Life, j;/^. great Store of Rice, Potatoes, Herbage, Melons, Bonana's, Mango's, Oranges, Limes, Cocoes, Mul- berries, Bctele, &c. Of Animals, they have Ele- phants, Buffalo's, Bullocks, Goats, Deer, Hogs, fome Sheep, Dogs, Qts, Lizards, Snakes, Scorpions, &c. They abound in tame Fowl, as Cocks and Hens, Ducks and Geefe, and have Partridge, wild Ducks, Teal, Herns, Turtlc-Doves, Pelicans, Par- rots and Parrokiies, &c. Their Rivers and Ponds abound in feveral forts of good Fifh, and the Sea furnilhes them with Sea and Land Crabs, Craw- fifh. Shrimps and Prawm, befides Sea Tortoizes ; they have alfo plenty of Anchovies. Of all which the Markets are well furnilhed, as alfo of the Flefh of Hories, Elephants, (whofe Trunk is eftecmed a delicacy j Cats and Dogs. The Land abounds with Villages, and People who are clean limbed and middle fized, and not fo tawny as the other Indium, they are Ingenious, Do- cile aad Faithful, and make curious Silk Stuffs, and Lacquet'dWate. The common People wear Cotton- ^ R Cteatb, {; '. i i' :' ■tm :• !!»' ■ m ' iIi''t; ii[;yA|;]^-''^-' ,22 BASr^i Cloath, Init tht ManJanns gr*en «nd ted EniUfh Cloatli. Thtif Houfcs arc Tow with mudd Walh, and P«rtifions of Reeds or Cdtrts, with hieanFiir- nihtM-. The Trading part of tht People are Civil, the Mliidsrids or Magtftritcs Proud, the Soldiers Infolf rtt, and the Poor addlded to Thel't. The Offvernrttettt is Tyraftfiical iind«r two Kings, ihe ohc « ho 15 the lawftil SucrclFt* calkd Bm/it, is kei>t in tht Palace a kind f Pfifoner, while the ChoTH of an tifurped Rsce ejt.rcifes the Qovetnitent, tliis has Joo rtorfe ami loo Elephants, in his Stables and mdititaim art Anny of between ToandSocao Men, whereof ^oooo near his Petfjh. 1 hf Religion is Pagan. And the Language has an Afli'iity to the Chinrfr, and it wtittteti in that Charaiiter. The chief Cities. C/^ekn or Ks'^ei", the Metropolis is feated on the Weft-lidetit' that Branch of the great Rifer named Dotvrit, ".liirh is as broad as the 'P'-irnei at Lttmheel', So Milts ftijitl the Sea, on a Sandy riling ground Mt\\ neithct Walls tior l>itolus, the Houtei, which areabotlt It' no, are of Siiudlulr atoiv nventioncd with Vaults of brick, bching them to Iccurc Gcodt f'om File, to wliiiti the Town is very bubjciit, the Streets are broad ami ill paved. The lin^lifh hi\e i Kailory hctc, ami a Huiifc of low bm handfomc Strudnre. Tht- Dmch have alio a Faiitory and Hoiilc. The King has three Palaces here, with larf;c Stables .ind fair Court Yards, to draw up Sol- diers in. The Kings Houfcs arc built of Timber, two of ihcmarc but mean, but the third is mofe Magnificent, and is Currounded wirh a Wall faced with Brick three T.e^es in CIrcuintetnce 16 Foot high, and as nmcJUmick. Higher up i.i Ac Coumrc^ upon liie faOte Rivtr (lands Heihv!, another City inhabited by Soldiers and fome C'rinejr Merchants, and a French Faiftory. The whole Kingdom is divided into eight large Provinces, !<^. the E«ft and Weft Provinces, the PrOvirtce ot Cue/;./; ift the middle ofehem, and the PrnviiiCTs of Teu.m, '1';>i4ion and Nieitm -on the Frontiers. The fi»y of ^M"^' i"; made bj the Ifland of itihrnn, wfiirh lyi-s in 1 9 O. N. I,at. on the Halt rrrd vhe Coantry of 'CnchiiKlnna on tlie W«ft, it is ?r li-agiiCT wide, «id kis h« Faitttom Water in its Full it. ^ith, but- *fi%&t Shoal caked P'vitr/lyes TOfst?, wti-h ( •h!me4s liowcveroneHch^Sde, forSiiips co-ptl?;. f h'^ rvMch I havc<irti-.«fted from Oamfeir, wjtft w«s there 111 i6i!S. an* \Miinf, a ifeicMal reimr, thooght !vrm a pf^^pe* .prti<»e ; aijfl fdppafe wlMt 4ie hss tilrnrfli,\|, ^« fiificK* M ^ive the deader fr-di tin Met, M *? «»pe<?h fpom • Uoek «f fhit N^tMV, C0(.'Hi.\'( //f\.», fwoiifls alxive 100 LeagKi Hlongt^heSea Coaffl, 'reekoniogfronn tfie Kingdom ©f Ct>iainpn,\n thtSdnrii 10 the t"tont<i*s'«f TM«« <m the North, between the 1 ithafid '17th Opg. of N. Lab. b'ltmvica on die Weft ^' a "R-idge ot Aloiii*ains, •when l;A'c-aSafvfti.€ People <:«llc<lj!;^r»rtB»^ «r|io Wrtl not fuhmir to "(iovernmenr. 1 he imine fif CoclAMchhin, hns been mren it -by ^he Ti'rftr»''c:^', for nhe Kativc* cail it Antm, At ■Welt Country bccaufe' Weft of Chin/), whereof NVIES. fotne fay it Wat formerly part. Cochi is the Japii- ;;f/eNair.c, as figiiitung Wcit in their Tongue, and liecaufe the ?<i^c».'/'f introduced ihe I'oitutut^^e mo the Tfade of this place, they made ufeof chcir nanie of It, bat ill regard the Name was too onucha-kiii 10 (-cchiti, on the M4/<ii/7-Coaft, where they already Traded, to dtftinguilh this, they called it Coc/j/nWjiM, q. d. the Chineje txhin. It i.< divided into live Provinces, w'^. Sinuvti, which l^et ncit to 'l;j;i;/M, wherein the King refidi'i, Cachium, wherein the Prince his Son governs. .Qujw- <"/<*) }il''&""'i othetwil'e cal^.ed Pulutamii and Htnon. it w»8 formerly part of the Kingdom of To>,l{in, but of lite Subjed to its own Prince. In this as in all other places between the Tropicks, tlK're are two Siafoiis, the DijandH'it, each laltiiig abuut liz Months, fonieiiines a little more or Iclj, In the Dry Sealbn the Air is generally very Hot, excepting that on and near the Sea Coaft, ititalitdc cooled every Day by the Sea Breeze. In the Wee Sealbn it is cooler, by reafon of the continual Rains. Thefe Rains which are conAaiit and Periodical, (and not the Snows and Raina on Mountains only; are the caufe of the Freflies or Inundation of the Indian Ri- vers, as alio of the llpftUn Nile. Accordingly, the Climate is Temperate here, foral- tho' the Summer Months o{ June, 'Juiy and ^lugiiji be violently hot the Sun being then in the Z^cnitli ; jn the Months of .fc/^^/crn/'fr, O^loTf) and NovcmOcr, the Airij cooled by continual Rains which fall on theMouiitains of Kjnioti, whence the Waters falling overflow the Lands, thefe Floods happen once a Fortnight, aiidlafl ^' -»e Days at a time. In December, January a„j tebruary, there are cold Northerly Winds, and in the otherthree Months, the«e appears aplealant vcr- ditit Spring. Thefe Ifltindations tender the Land very fruitful, producing three Crops a year of Rice, together with Oranges, Banona's, Anana's, Melons, the Can tinoo, Giacca and Durioii, delicious Fruits peculiar to this and the neighbouring Countries. Arcca and Betele, and divers other Fruits as well as Herbs, Sec. TIfcy ka«c Cattk-and Fowl and Filh in plenty. 'And a Icirtaf Food conitron to moll pans of the Eaft ■ namely, the edible Birds Nelt; there is a Iniall Bird like aSwallow^ which builds bis Nell in the Rcdcs upon the Sea Coaft, compofing it of the Sea Fioth, and « jiMce otJt of its own Stomach, which h«lcns m the Sun, and is almoft Traofpanent, this Kelt beiHRfoftened in waitti Waicr, and pulled intofmall pieces, issfuallyputintoCroths : ttisvei^ nourilh- mg, but of little tafte, as I am informed by a iwrymgenions Gentleman, who has TrtveJied in thefe parts J altho" Father Borri, a Millionary here, applauds it «« tnoft delicious Food. l#erc is l«cb plenty of iiilk, that the very Pcalants ■re<iad midi it, and the Mulberry- Ttecs grow in ktgeWa(j«s » plcnu 'irily as coonRon Hedges widi us. TheSilk unoc fotme4Mcl left tut ftronget andtnore ftibltawiaf dun that of China. They have Tiiaber of various forts, whereof that oaBed Xm is fo bwdas to be incorroptibk, and fervca (01 A-nciiors- And Ak /tquila-Trtt grows on the Mourtainsof v'<m<»s, the Wood whert.jf lia«««ioft tragTMt faioUitbe older tfaeTree the more istheSeent, and therefore the Cahmhn, which is tlie Wood of an oid l>oe, is wtudi tiie mone valuable, and it alio we, beraa& tboli: nU jCreca, gtow on high maccaffi- McMeumaim ; vhisiidK Kings Monopoly, none el(c being allowet Commodity 1 for a Pillow. for I find the phantsand Rl The PeopI Chinefi, that i With flat Nof( and courteous than their Nc with Military Sciences in Ui grees. They ; than their Nci Body quite co colours, and a loofe Gowns, 1 of Silk inftead Waflcoa, clofe with a Vail 01 behind. Iheii Icg'd rn the Gi Fcalls, which t dinaiily have Fruits : The C foreinftead of ^ Their Langii is written witi The Learned I noiily fpoken : Tile Men are than any of the The Kin^ is about 100 Yea t-:^' Of COCHINCHINA. being allowed co Tell it, ani^ it is a moft valuable Commodity in Chin/i, whcic they ufe a Block of it for a PiJIow. I fuppofe this to be the Aloe«-Tree, foi I find the t«vo Names ufcd Synonimoufly. EJe- phants and Rhinocerots are plenty here. The People arc in Ihape and colour like the Chmejc, that is, of the lower Stature, Olive colour'd, with flat Nofcs, and fmall Eyes. In Manners, civil and courteous , kind to Strangers, and more Polite than their Neighbours, encouraging Learning equal with Military Arts, and Study Morality and the Sciences in UniverCties, where Profeffors confer De- grees. They arc much more decent in their Cloaths than their Neighbours, being clad in Silk, and their Body quite cover'd ; their Garments are of various colours, and are beautiful enough; the Men wear Icnfe Gowns, and fwath their lower parts with Bands of Silk inftead of Breeches : The Women wear a Walcca. clofe to their Bodies, and divers Petticoats, with a Vail over all, and their Hair hanging loofe behind. 1 heir Food is chiefly Rice, and (it crofs'd Jcc'd rn the Ground, round a low Table. In their Fcalis, which they make with great Pomp, they or- dinarily have loo Dilhes of Flcfli, Fowl, Filh, and Fruits : The Country produces no Grapes, and there- fore inftcad of Wine, they drink Arack- Their Language is fomewhat like the Chintfe, but is written with much lefs Variety of Charaifters. The Learned Language is different from that com- .iioiily fpokcn : And their Religion is P.if,nn. Laftly, The Men are rcckon'd Braver and better Soldiers than any of their Neighbours. The King is the Defccndant of an Ufurper, who about 1 00 Years ago threw off the Goveriunenc of 123 Tonquin, but pays him large Tribute for Peace Sake He is able to bring 80000 Men into the Field, who ufe Fire Arms, and arc good Marks-men. The Panuiuc:{e had formerly a Trade here, and the ehintje come Yearly hither on Traffick. Thus far I have borrow'd from Father Bcrri, a MiUue^^c jefuit, wbo was one of cbe firll Miflionaries in this Country. Ccchin-chin/i afforfs Gold, and I believe a final! quantity of Silver, (tho' of this latter I am not cer- tain) but no Pepper nor Porcelain, as Dr. Heylin and Smifon relate. The chief City which bears the Name of the King- dom, and is the Place of the King's Refidence, ftands in the 1 6 Deg. of North Latit. not far from the Sea. Other Cities and Towns mentioned by Travellers, are, Bouten an excellent Haven, Cuccian a Royal Scat, and reforted to by the Chinefc for Trade, and Si-.tifo formtrly a Mart-Town, but now decay 'd, bc- caufe its Harbour is choak'd with Sand. CHIAMPA which is another fmaller Kingdom, is the South Part of the fame Continent, the Town which gives Name to the Country, ftands on the Sea- Coaft, in the 1 1 Deg. North Lat. But Sanfm Names I'ulocncem as its Capital, but that muft be a miftakc, for I'ulo fignifies an Ifland, but it is not likely that the Metropolis of a Country on the Contiient, fhould be feated in a fmall Illand. Some Geographers have reckon'd this Country Part of Cambodia, But it is now under the King of Cochinchina. And thus much for Indin extra Gangetn. ^ R 2 I 1 - :».^ ..r ii , G£ '^ } t t' '» M l^ 124- EASr^lJslDlES. I ! O F TH E ISLANDS On the Coaft oUN'Dl A li':' m ij m IF Before we enter upon our account of thefe Iflands, wc fpeak a word or two concerning thofc our Ships touch at in E/iJi-lndia Voyages, altho' they arc defcribed in their proper pla- ces, we truft our Reader will not think the Repetition impertinent. I mean Santa Htltnn and Mauritiui. SANTA HELENA, fo named by the Po)tii(ut^t, becaufc difcovered on St. Heltn'i Day, lyes in the i6 D. II M. South Lat. Longii. ii D. from Fart, 350 Leagues Wefl of the Coaft oi An^lain Afika, 550 Leagues North Weft from the Cape of Good Hope, and 510 Leagues Eaft from the Coaft of Braiit, It is a fmall Ifland, not above 10 Miles cvu The 1 /lands on the Coast of India. over, but is a moft excellcnc Soil. When the Por- tugue:{t firft difcovered it, they (locked it with Goats and Hogs, and planted divers Fruits and Hcrhs, all which have floiiriflicd ever fince, and our Seamen find here plenty of frefh Provilions, and which 13 better, they arc furc 'o be cured of the Scurvy, for not only is the Air fcrcne and wholfome, by reafon of the frctli Breezes, but alfo the Land yields Herbs, which iiifufBd in a Rath, fupple their Limbs, and taken inwardly, fo foon reduces the Blood to a true Craiis, that as Dawpeir tells us, Men that have been carried alhoar i,> Hammocks, have been able to walk in a Weeks tiioe. Here arc three Rivers which riling in the high Midland, fall into the Sea. Tliele Streams atlorj good watering to our Ships, who feldom fail to call here in their return froin In.-tia. Dr.mpeir fpcaks only of Potatn's, Yams, Plantains and Ronana's, together with Gi apes, which tliey were in hopes to rear, as the Fruits of the place, but Mnntcifo and Kicuhtjf, who were both there thcfirft in 1639. the latter in 1658. talks of Figs, Pomgranates, Citrons ai id Oranges. And all agree, there are plenty of Hops, Goats, Bullocks, Dunghil Fowl, Geefe, Ti^rkics and other Fowl. The I'oi I iigu :{■ on\y (locked the Ifland with tbrfe conveniences, and left it free to be ufed by all Nations. The Dutch liking the Situation, fet- tled on it, but when their Plantation at ihc Cape was fixed, they Deferted this, and then our Etiglijh Eajl- WiVr Company fettled Servants there, and began to Fortify it, which the Dutch it feems would not fuffer, forcoming upon them in 1672. they expelled them. But out Compaiiy foon revenged it, in the recovery of the place, and Capture of two rich Dutch E,tf -India Ships. Ever fincc the Ifland hath been in the hands of the Enilifhy and is fo well (Ircngthened, as to be in no danger from an Enemy. MAVRjriVS Ifland, or the MAVlipSHES, as the Seamen call it, lyes on the Ead fide of Muda- guj'cnr, at above 100 Leagues diftance fromit, in the 20th Deg. of South Lat. Longit. 7<5. about 30 or 40 Leagues in Circumference. It was (irA difcovcrcd by the Portufic^c, and by them named Ceme, but the £)M(ci making themfelvcs Maftersof it in 1598. gave it the McfentNamcin honour of Prince Miiun'cc otNaffau- The Land is Mountainous, and may be fecn vecy far ar Sea, atid yields the beft Ebony wood in the World J- the Valleys produce Fruit and plenty of Fowl, 4nd the Sea abounds in Filh ; there are alfo good Streams of fre(h Water, and the Ait is very healthy. There are ^wo good Havens, one in the North Weft in lo Deg. South Lat. the other North Baft in 10 Deg. is Mia all which have made the Dutch build a Foit u pon it, and the Ships of England, as well as Holland, frequently call there for Water and Refrefluncnts. To proceed now to the Indian Iflands ; Wherein we wUl beein from the Weft, and therefore view Cejlcn and the Maldives ; Before we proceed to Suma- tra, Java, iornco, Celebet , the Spice Ijlands, the Moluccds, the Philtipine Iflands, and the La- drones, CEYLON, fuppofed to be the Taprobanaof Ptolemy, is a large Ifland lying from the £th to the loth Deg. of North Latit. 140 Miles from North to South, and in breadth, in the South parts 140 Miles, but in the North pan not 100, being inform like a Pear, divided from the Main Land of the PcninfuU iniiaGttngcm, by the Straight Mn>i,tr, which p.irts it from the Coiommuicl Coaft. It's Long, from the yrth to the 99th Deg. It abounds with Rice, and yiciJs Pepper, Gijigcr, Cardamum, Sugir and Tobacco. Fruits of all forts arc (ecu here, but not Cultivated, and grow wild. The Arcik ,ind Hetele Tree, and the 7.) /iW Tree, the former tor the Kut, and the latter for its 1 eaf, whi^h is two or three yards long, are much Cultivated. The Wrft/? is generally ufed by all Degrees of People here, as clfewhere in hiHif.. And the Titipct Leaf lerves for cnveriiip from Rain, for Bed and T'ent in Travelling, and various other ufes : altho' itl)c very long, it folds up like a Fan in fo little Room, that they carry it ea(ily in Journejing. They have all the neeelfary kinds of Catrlc, Fowl and Filh, with many kinils of wild Beads, among which the Elephants of this Ifland are reckoned the befl and moft Docile of all hulia. The Rivers and Sea Coaft afford Pearl, and the Land fevcral forts of precious Stones, cfpecially Rubies. But the more valuable Produce of thi,s Land, and for which the D««c/) have been fo careful to exclude all other Ewopeans is CINNAMON, which grows very plentifully in this Ifland, and no where etfc. The natural Inhabitants are called Chingulifys, fuppofed to have come Originally from China, with whom are mixed Mahhars and Moors. Of the ChinguUys, there are a Race who live wild in the Woods without Government, but the civilized part of them are a proper well favoured People, who are Ai5tive, Ingenious, Crafty and Treacherous, Grave and Courteous in their beh.iviour, tcirpe- ratc in Food, apd frugal and neat in their Fami- lies. They are Pagans in Religion, and have as ridiculous Stones of their Gods .is their Neigh- bours. Their Houfes are poor low thatch'd Cottages, built with Sticks, and dawbed over with Clay, ne- ver above one Story hiy.h ; the better fort have them in the better manner, but none ftmptucus. Their chief Food \s Rice, for Fleth and Filh be- ing fcanty, they ratlier choofe to fell than eat it. The King is as Abfolutc here as in the other parts of Inciiti, cngrolfes to himfclf all the Wealth of the Country, and keeps his People Poor, fo that none but the Governours of Provinces and Officers under the King have any Wealth. The Dutch poflcfs the Coaft, at leaft all the Havens on it, quite round the lOnnd. The l'or:ii~ gue:{e were the firft Eincpcnn Inhabitants here, but the Dutch have after long Wars, quite beaten them out and have polfeflbd it folcly tor thefe 40 or 50 years paft. The Places they poffcfs arc Jaffnapatatv, a (Irong Town or Caftle feared on a Bay, or Arm of the Sea, in the North partof the Ifland, of quadrangular form, furrounded with ftrong Walls and a large Ditch, and well fumifhed with Cannon. The adjacent Country (which is a Peninfula Iwtween the Straight of Mtn.ir, and the Arm of Sea which pafTuig by laffnapatim, runs 1 5 Leagues within Land) is all Si-.bjeift to the Dutch, it bore the Naiac of the Kingdom of fajfiiapatani, and is divided into four Provinces, w iicrein arc a great number of Villages, and many Chriftian Churches creiled, moftly by the Portuguese, now cxercilcd by the Dutch, who teach great Numbers of Children, and I'':,. W fji^. '. '•) •"^Ai mm 126 EASr^JNDltS. Mi ami inftruA thi m in the Chriftian Faith. Baldxui, the Dutch Miniftrr who livcj here, has given us the Pidlures of 2 1 of thofc Churches, which appear handfumc Stniifturcs. Jtiffn.ifatitm was taken Wh. 1658. MAN/tRI(^, a fmall Ifland a few leagues S. from Jaffvitff.t.im, fainous on account of its Pearl Fiihery, hat a Dror.g Caitle for its Defence. This Ifland was reduced by the Dutch, dnno \6<it. C/ILPEmiNIi, an Ulandoflargcr extent, lyes on the Weftern Coal), near 10 Leagues more to the South. Negumbe, a ftiong Fortrefs feated on the Wertern Coaft of Ceylon, in the 7 D. 10 M. Lat. was taken by the Dutch in 1644. Columbo, feated alfo on the Weft Coaft not many Leages South from Negumbo, is another Fortrefs taken by them, in 1656. Gitte, called ['unta G11II4 by the Portuguese, lyes on the South end of the Ifland in the 6th Deg. Lat. It is very ftrong in its Situation as well as Fortificati- on, and IS a Ciry well built of Stone being the Capi- tal of the Portugue:{e firft, and now of the Dutch in (■eylim , and the feat of the Govcrnour. Batecnlun, another Fortrefs feated on the Eafl fide of the Illand, in 8 D. Lat. was taken by the Dutch in i6j8. LaiUv, Trinquemalc, on the North Eaft liJc of the lliand, is another Fort which they took in 1639. Thcfe are all the Notable Places on the Coafts. The Inland parts of Ceylon are almoft unknown to Europeant, nay, even to the Hollanders themfelves, who inhabit the Coafts: Neither is it any Wonder, in regard that the whole Ifland is every where befet with very fteep, barren and dreadful Mountains, that cannot be pafted but where the Paths are beaten, which indeed are many in number, but fo narrow, that only one Perfon at a time can go on them ; and certain Officers, appointed by publick Au- tliority, always keep Watch on the Borders of thefe Palfag^s, who fuiier tionc to enter, or go forth, without leave: However, there is extant a latge Hiftorical Defcription of this Country, written by ^bert Klnox, an Engii/h Sea-Captain, fometime in the Service of the Eajl-Intlia Company, who lived there a Captive for twenty one Yean and a half ; vet fo as during the laft Years, he had an Opportu- nity of viewing all the Provinces, and of taking a particular Account of every thing remarkable in thofe parts ; till at laft, he found means to make his E- Icape, after a wonderful manner on the i8th of Oflobet, 1679. According to his Information, the Inland Country abounds with Hills, Springs and Rivers full of Fi(h; but fiigh as are rocky and unfit for Navigation : The ttioft eminent of thefe is Mavelitgonga, which taking; its Rife from Adartlt Mountain, flows towards the North, and having watered. a very large Trad of Ceylon, difcharges it felfinto.the Ocean, near the Town of Trinquilemale : There are alfo vaft Woods, which feive both for the Boundaries and Ramparts of the feveral Pro- vinces: The Valleys are tor the moft part Fenny, and enriched witl) abundance of Springs of an admi- rable Clearnefs. The inneriTloft Traifts of this Ifland are very populous, and thofe that lie iKar the Sea-Coafts are much lefs inhabited ■' In the former, to the Eaft of the Town of Co/sm^D, ftandthe bigheft Mountain o(Cerlon, and even (as fome affirm) of the whole Con- tinent of liiiti.i, called Humaltel by the Inhabitants and Pico de /tdnm, or Ainmi Mountain by the Por- tuiuc:{e, and other Europer.ns : It is extremely Itcep and of a Conick Figure, having on the top, ,1 plain fmooth Stone, on whith is imprinted a large Mark of an Humane Foot ; The Natives believe this to be the Footftcp of the firft Parent, v;ho was taken up from thence into Heaven, and upon that account they adore it, with a wonderful Supcrftitinn ; and to that purpofc, in the beginning of the Year, the Men, Women, Boys and Girls, nntwirhftanding fo difficult a palfafie, climb up to the top of it, out of a Principle of Religion. The Air of the inner Tra(fts isdifferent, fo that the'Northern Part, byrca- fon of the Corruption and Scarcity of the Wiiterj, is lefs healthful and ftrtilc ; but the reft arc other- wife difpolled by their natural Temperature : When the Weft-winHs blow, it rains in the Wtftern Part of the Ifland, and the Seeds are committed td the Ground ; whilft at the fairx time rhe other Part, towards the Eaft, enjoys moft fcrcnc and hnt Wea- ther, and the Inhabitants are employed in looking after their Harveft : h hapnts << rtinruilt in both Quarters, wlicn* the Kaft-winds blow. This Ifland was lomctiine divided into t'oir Kingdoms, but thebcft Part of it is now uiiHer the Dominion of 'C'wi/c t-V/.i, a Prince whole Govern- ment is Arbitrary, and to whom his Subjeifls general- ly give Divine Honours. The inner Countrey of Ceylon is divided into the greater and leflTcr Parts, the former of which Capr. Kjtox calls Provinces, and the other Counties ; be- caufethey refcmblethe Counties Or Shires of England, but are not like them with refpcift to the largenefs of their Extent .- He informs us, That the Province of NoweCalavit is (ituated towards theN. and includes Hve Counties ; as alfo the Province of Hmcohi//, com- prehending fevcn Counties ; On the Eaft, he places the Province of Mnutaly, fubdivided into three Counties: Towards the fame Qiiarter, appear Ta»i. m/inijuod, Bintiina,Vellitt and P/iunnoflM diftind Coun- ties, with the Province of Ouvah, to which he at- tributes three Counties. In the middle, are the Counties of H ull.iponnhry, Pcncipct, Gcddtipmahey, HcvoihattAy, Cotcwul, Ilarfepot and Tunpifn-ihoy ; as alfo, Oudtinour and T/itranour, the chief of all the Counties of the Inland Country of Ceylon : On the Weft lye OudlpoUnt, Dolmhnug and Hotterflcourly, in which four Counties are comprifed ; vi'uh P'-tnhm and Tuncourly, that comprehends three Counties, and part of which is fubjed to the Jurifdiiffion of the Hollanders : All thefe Provinces and Counties, (except thefe fix, f'Y Noure Cnhia, Hotcowly, I'.mi- mantjtiod, VeUas, Paunno and Hottercauly) lye upon firuitful and well watered Hills, and arc cxpref- fed by the common Name of Conde Vdit, i. e. On the topi of the Mountains ; which is alfo the Royal Title. The fame Author reckons up five Capital Towns^ befides a great number that are ruined, and feveral Villages within the Boundaries of the inner Ceylon, i>i:(. Cande or Candy, the Metropolis of the whole Ifland, built in the Heart of it, on the River Mdw lagongn ; formerly the Royal Seat of the King of Candea, after whofe depanure it fell much to de- cay, isellemly-neur, aToWrt fituated more towards the South, to which that Prliitetranflated the Royal Court from CMde. ABo'ut-neur, feated a great nray below Cande, and divided into two Parts, by the Rivci 1 he I/lands on the CoaH o.j' In or a. Ilim \UvUgnut/i : UadiimUi, {Bated v. (in Elfthcft (Ufianu: fi ooa 't',iH.iit to ibe Ead, aiid .it a much Icls tiOBi />5*^"«i<', a Iowa not very tciuDte from the laid River, wbich. was cbsfea for ilia Royal Sut The MAI.DIVE ISLANDS, are a ridge of (null IflanJslyuiR Nonh-Weft to Sonth-Eaft 140 Ifig^cs in length, fcom (he S Dcg. North Latit. (0 the i Dcg. Soiiih Ladt. the Northern of them arc about 85 f-cagiits Jiftant from theCoaft of /tfaithar on the Weft. Thcjare recknneiftobe at leail ioo» ID Number, but very fmaB ones. The principat of ihcfli arc. afii)rd plenty of Firti, and ui gcmral the ncccflitics for ^.ife uc plenty enough, cuint thai thiir Crops of Rice rot bein(i Inrpc enough, they are beholden to their Neighbo'irs, who bung whole .Shiploads, ard find good Marfoct here. (Ort>«/dV.) But liie mortcoiilidcraBIc Coriioioditicsof thisl(la/id arc Gold and Pepp«r ; of the tbrraer there is tbuijil good ftore in the midland Muuiitains, and plenty of Pepper in the Valleys, OniheNfirth of tlic Equator.. Uiidcr the Equator. t C/tltoiim tdcttx. Sl'urjqut. 'Cmivif. , Si-Ju. I /tiotim/ltii. KilUndoux. fiuclha. CnmAycnl.. MatMvJ, Sic, On the South of yiMni. povc. the Etiuator. iMo'uciiiufouiiilane. Ttic general Charii2cr of them is, that they pro- duce Coco's and fomc Fi uits, but tittle elfe ; that the Inbabiiajiis are ingenious in making G.^nncnts of Silk and Cotton, and arc Subjcift to a King, whole place of Re^dencc called Male or Matdiva, is a Dpod Town built upon fbui fmatt Idanifs. The whole is divided into 13 or 14 Provinces called At- itlciu, all Subie(9 to tbis one King. They lye very Iqw, and are divided from each by fo Ihalfow a Sea, and withal Co near one anotber, that they can wade ihro' fiQin one to t'other. The St'NOW Illands, fo denominated from the Straight o(SiiruLi, which lycs between Sumntra and itvu. Are thcfe that follow. SlfMATRA, Iving North Weft to South Eaft, on the Weft fulc of the Peninfula of MaUccn, from the sth Dcg. of North Latit, to the 6th Deg. of South Latit. and from the 1 14th Deg to the i24ih Dcg. of I ongit, So that the .Equator palfes over the middle of it ; 'tis therefore hot as the Ncigbr bouring Countries are, but fo refcclhed with the Sta Breezes, as to be Icfs fultry than the Main Land. The Soil is in the Midland Mountainous and Ciaggy, bttt in the Valleys 'tis a good deep Mould, and would pruducc Rice more pTcntifuHy than ic (Iocs, if the Inhabitants were more intkiitricus. Here are good Fruits of various forts, as Plantains, fionana's. Oranges, Limes, Coco's, Pomgranatcs, Mango's, MangeHani a delicious Fruit accordingto Oumfeir, as is'alfo the Piunple-nofe, Citrons,. Me- lons, Pinc-applH, S:c. Pot-hcrb», excellent Medi- cinal Herbs, Camphiie aud other Drugs. Poulcrey, Cattle, and wild Beads plenty enougk), aitd («oe Elephanu. There arc many fmatl Rivers, which ; People ate of the /Vc/i/jn Race, *nd ^'n/.c- ineian's ia Rcligiuu, of a brown Copper .rolour in Complexion, and in Temper l\ke tbe other Indian!. The whole Ifland is, 900 Miles hang, but ma proportionally bcciad, bcirfi in the bruadelt part, which is the .Southtin, but 180, and in the other part not above too Miles. It is divided into fe- veral Kingdoms, fomc reckoo fcvtn, others five. ACUIS Kingdom, which i» the Northern part fccin& to be the moft conliJer.iblc, aod extends from, the North Weft point towards the Straights of Malacca,, 50 or 60 Leagues in length. The Ca- pital City which gives Nani« to the Kingdom, is fcatedonthc Banks of a River near the North Weft end of the Ifland, it confifts of 7 or 8000 Houfcs, fays Oampcit, and may be reckoned the cJiief of the whole Kland, the buiUings are mean, but better bi.th built and fiunidicd than the neighbouring Nati- ons. The Houfes arc raifed upon Pofls f'onJ the Ground, two or three Steps, bccaufe in the rainy Monfooiis, the Rivet overflows, and drowns a great part of the City. This Kingdom is always governed by a Woman, afliftedby ii Lords called Oionk/jti (beifi alwaysan elderly Maid oC tlie Royal Family, elcfledby thcO/on(ie>j, andbeaw the Title of Q^Jc<:n. but the Power of Government reft*, more 'n the Lords. The l^iwci qf this Qiuan extends beyond the Limits of the liUnd, as teaching over a good part of M/tUeca ; where Qwdtt, I'ntatitt and I^"' we Subjeii to bet. Tbe Gola which is fo plenty here, bringsMeichants (tQm,Eurtifi,C/jiniifyam,Tinqui>i and Other parts, fo that the Haven is feldoni without a gpod number ef Sbiping. The Enili/h ha^^e a Faft- ory here, and this wa« the pU(;e thoy &rlt came to in the firft liidUn Voyages. The Kingdoms of M£NWNC-4fiO and C-^AfPfi^, take up the middle of i)ic Uland, and JaMBE and y/li.lMB,A>i the South part. But according to Kieuhaff, ibefe Kinadoms are fubjedl to Strangers, and i:he Royalty pulTad down. The Places of chitteft Not* bete are, Bencouli, an EngliJJi Fort f«atad on the Weil Coaft of tbe Ifland, in the fourth Deg. South Lat. a fmall liland lyes be£bre it, which witn the Land point of Silletar makes the Haven, and beyond it within Land is a high llender Hill. Tbe Fort faces the Sea, and makes a good appearance, and.a Rivet from, the Land ions 00 tbe North Weft fide of it, Tbe pkce is unkcalthy, by teafon of tbe fvuampy Ground at fome diuancc oa tbe Land lldf , which, brings an unwholfomc Air, but the land near the Fort is good Champion. The Pepper Trade is.the Bu/ioeOiOt the Fadoty bef e, for at Adiin thiey, ba.ve none, its gro.wth beiagchi£ilyin th«fc Southern parts; apd v\berca« they formerly buugjit ii at B-uieam, when, the DuiJib got the Maflaiy there, tbt Company were in danger oir iDofing this Trade, and thucfgce bcftirred thctqr felvcs, am made a Settlement here about the year 1685. Jndra' 1^ ' Trr ii . 128 E/IST^INDIBS. 7 k' I irijJh Indmforti^ an li'ifjifl' FavSloiy, ftatiJs altii on the Wift Coall, about jo I eagucs North I jIt fioin l'tilimb/)n, w.iJ a conCulerablc City, and the Scat of a Kiii|( bribrethc Dutch burnt and lotally dclUoy- ed a ititlic Year 16^9. upon injuries ort'crcd by the King of It ; It ftandii on the haft CoiO, in ihe 4 Uep. South Lat. jamde, ihe Capital ot another Kingdom, ftandi more to the North, on a River that tails into the ^ea, on the Eal> Coaft, in 1 Deg. South Lat. Biticnlii, on the fame C'oali more Northward, be- ing in the firlt Ucg. of North I.at. is the chief Town of thole pirrs, and i> frcnucmcd by the Ood/ forPcppct : the Inhabitants arc AIjMv.i,,), and a tivil People. Tlie liluid of ] AV A, lyes (ix Deg. South of the Hquaior, directly oppolitc to the South F.all (omt of Siiinittif:, from which it is fcparated by 'he Straight of S/(«</.i, which is not above five or tix Lca^iues over. To the North lies the Ifland Ihnen, tothctaftit has the Kit of R.ilny, called the JilTcr i.«'v), from which it is divuled by the Channel of I'nlnmboitv, and to the South ihe main Ocean. In length (from the Straights of 5iW.>, to the Chan- nel of I'r.'iAmiw.n Halt to Well, inclining however a little to the South) is .tbout 130 or 140 Leagues. Itsb'eiitih is very different in ditferciu pairs, I'Uc the whole Circiiirterence is reckoned joo Leagues. 1 he North Coall of j'.ivj has abinidance ol very commodious Creeks, Bay.s, Harbours and good Towns. The llland had formerly as many petty Kings as there were Cities, but 'tis now divided into two Kingdoms under the Jurifdidtion of the King or Emperor of Mantni/im, and the King of fidn/itm, the former pofleiring the Eaftern and greateR pan of the Ifland, and k therefore ftiled the Emperor of Java, the Ki'terthe Weftern and Iclferpart. The Clim.itc is of the fame temperature and healthincfs as the other partsof ini/ia. One half of the Year, that is, from AJ<i> to Odoher is clear Wea- ther, and lefrclhed with lireczes from the Halt. Ill Drc-mber the Flains begin, and the Winds blow, and render the Weather un|)lealant till March, when they begin to fow Rice, which they reap in September, and in Odober the Fruits arc ri| e. The Ifland has many Mountains and impalfable Forrelts on it, bi.t in other parts the Soil is good and verv Fertile, producing Rice in great plenty. Fruits, Cattle, Fowl and Fi'.b. and Tygers, Rhino- cerot's and other wild Beali: it! <he Foretts. Pepper grows here too, bui not fo p.'eiiLif ! or fo good as at Sum.urr., and the Uiinh have g.i.'d Plantations of Sugar. Snnjonxn Tranlcr'lunp other Geographets, reckons up Gold, Si!v»'i', /;iamondj, Emeraulds, Rubies and fitelr larities ar.,.)ng the Commodities of this llland, but as Sieuhojf, who lived there, and is very particular in hii account of the Pro- dudls, fpeaks not of them, we Ihall chcwfe to be (ilcnr. ■ 'I"hc People are a barbarous, proud and fierce Nation, of a brown Colour, with flat Nofcs, broad Faces, fmall L\es, Drung Limbed, and of good proportion. Their Cloathing is a piece of C^alicri wrapt about their Body, and their Religion Is M.i/'o»ic/Dti on the Coads, but Pagitn in the Afidland. ( Thus tar 1 have taken from Nieu- The Towns ot chlefefl Note arr, on the Weft end, BiDiiiin, Balavia, /{^amutfnm, Monucicn, On- rnw.iyi', Clumhn, all on the North Coalt. On the mote tall part 01 Kingdom of Mji.nnn, }itp- p4io, i'ji/a^ii, lii/'/jn and 'J(iri/in, alfo on the North CoaiV, fjUmbottm at the Eall end, and Mitur.in on (heSuiith CoaiV. Umtnm, the Metropolis of tne Kingdom of the fame Name is feated at the Weft end of the llland, on the Straight of Sundn. at the Foot of a Moun- tain cut of which three Rivers arifc, two whereof furround the City, and the third palfcs through it ; the Houfcs aie mifcrably built, and the W.ills very wretched, as well as the Gates, but provided with many Cannon. 'I'lie Houl'es Hand upon Piles, and arebnilrof Reeds and Canes and the City coiilifts ot three principal Strccis, which have Channels run- ning through iliim, Imt the Water is toul and rtiiiking. The Foreigners live in Suburbs, but tnctt daily at theBazaror txchangc, bclides whiJi ate two other Market places, where goods of diveis Ions arc fold. And in ert'cilt this City is populous miich lefiirted to by Chmrfe, Boit-ili.ini and other /m/ijH Strangers as well as iiurvfenm for Traffick. (\Un.lrtlh .) li A lAl't A, formerly named Jr-.cntr.t and fiill fo called by the Natives, is feated on a Bay of ihc Sea in the North Coaft i& Leagues South Fall from Bn'irnw. The Dutch tock }/>c.ui4 in [lie Year 1619. and having demoliflied it, built a new City which they named Bitavia, and made it the .Scat of their Government in InJia. It is not only furrounded with Walls and a Moat, but allbguardtd with divers Forts at a diftance all round the Town, and a ftrong Cittadel on the Haven, wherein their Governour general of the lioji-lndiei lives in great State. Two fmall Rivers that rife in the Country, water the City, and fill divers Channels that run throueh the eight Streets the City confllls of, which are ail buih in a ftrait Line 30 Foot broad, and paved with Brick. The Houles are neat, and the publick Buildings very Magnificent : 'twould be tedious to enumerate them. Siciihop- has given very particular accounts of each, to which we nuift re- fer our Reader, and content our felves with fay- ing 'tis a riih and flourilhing Mart-Town, rc- forted to by tlie Chin-Je and other F.alicrn Na- tions. Chnrnbcti, is a fttong City featid on a River. Tiihati, on the fame Coaft, more to the Souih, is by Travellers reprelcntcd as a ftrong, large and populous place; next Bnntam the chief Town on the llland, and even better built than thai ; notable fur a fpacious Palace, wherein are large Apartments for wild Beafts, and well frequented for Traffick in Pepper and other Goods. Matartm, the Seat ol' ihc Emperoi of Jav-i, is feated near the middle of the South-Coaft, but the Trade lying more the other way, our People have feldom been there, andfo we have no particular ac- count of it. The Ifland of BORNEO lies in the middle, be- tween that of Celebes on the Eaft j Jnva on the South i Siimntra and Mtlaca on the Weft ; and I'a- ritioia one of the Phillipinei onthe North ; reaching from 7 and half Deg. of Northern Lat. to the fourth of Southern. Its Figure is almoft round, and its Cooipafs very wide; although the Opinions of Au- thors thotJ are dirtlrent as to the Uti Compafs that is attributed leagues, and it is generally 1 all the Illandi of ///..i : It yu Diamonds, Bczoar Stones, the that IS found iliroUKhoui the //,',//>. Rice, and Pi'ppcr wit! Cotton, Honey and Wax; and and tine Kiviri, more tfpcci and South, the chief of which ing with Diamondi,: So that it anioiig the rnoft fruitful lllands but the Air is not very heahhfi niarfhy Grounds. The Sca-C the Holl.wdert, and the Metro; Naineof Bfl'Vfi', feated in the I of a little Ray, towards the N llland ; being a lartje, neat and and a KoyalScar, w.'h an excel ffthi'r cunli.lerab'c lown-f wliichi and So I'.liern Co.ilts (for the Eai ciiilly the inhii 1 Trafls of thi; I knownio /■,'Hi''y<'. :'..') are Milnii' b.ii, H'm t.i, L.vi.i.1, near whici the highcft value ; 'i:i.cidi>r\ I. not far frmii the Mouth of the R F. Anthony l'fi:tiini^li,t, a Poitt tlicYL'ar 1689. givesthis accour IS 16^0 /r.i/;Vi?j Miles in Circui inhabited by M/il-yi'i', who at the inland C- jntry by P.i^.mi ra rJicl'c former arc governed byfevi lidc at Uornei'^ b^iiuleiw^ffiti, iVi, latter have only Captains andchi That the Country is Fercil, aboui excellent fort, Callia, Wax, Cai the World, Pepper, Gum, exccll in the Rivers, alfo Gold-dult ait the riclieft Bczoav Stones, found wild Ape. Here are Herbs, Ro Edible Birds Neft, mentioned Cochinchiim. He rcprclcnis the faithlefs Covetous Thieving Ge "■■'ntrary, the fi.-.vuj'' I'.^nvis, People; but whether Aft'cdtion not fotne intluence, I cannot lay on converting the Bfiiinfes, and it by the Mcois. There arc Ifland, but that of Brndcmiiffin for the Spice there fold. CELEBES, lyes on the Eaft ( Ifland and the JV/o/uccrt Iflands above the LinCjand the South pa Long. from 138 to 141 Dtg.Thi to IJi-.tnpi-lr is from i Deg. 30 N Min.S. At the North Eaft end row Cape which ftrctchcsout ic and in tneSouth part there is 8 Leagues wide, which runs into the Country. There is a h end, but the Land is genera' fide, the Mould is black and dt ry fat and rich, and fu full of continued Grove. ( Dnmpeir.) . blows from Nvenibct to M,:rclj, nnfafe, the Rains at the fame t Lands, for which realbn their I Piles 9 or I o Foot above the 'I be IjLviils on theCoa/i oj India. thois are ilirt'crent as to the Utter : However the leart Compafs ihat is attributed to it confifts of 150 I fagvit's and it is gcncr.illy icputcd the largeft of all the lllands of ///;.i : It rroduies ttioft adnurabic DianioiiJs, Bezoar StmiL's, the bi'lK^atriphirc of all that IS found throughout ihc wli Ic V omincnt of /I'./irf. Kite, and ri'ppcr will. her t. n* of Spice, Cotton, Honey and Wax; and ^^ . <ci with Woods ; and line Rivers, more efpccially rowaidt ihcWeft and South, the chief of which is SuccaJnuc, abound- ing with Diamonds: So that it may well be rcckon'd among the moft fruitful lllands of the liiMrin Ocean ; but the Air is not verw healthful, by reafon of the nuitliy Grounds. The Sca-Coa(h are poflcU'ed by the Holiitidcfs, and the Metropohs bears the fame Name of Bm uto, fcated in the Fens and on t lie Ihorc of a little Ray, towards the Northern Part of the Illaiui ; being a large, neat and famous Mart-Town and :i Koyal Scar, w.tli an excellent Haroour: The (ithiT conli-leraire TowiH whichfland on the Wcftorn and So I'.lieiii Co.iits (tor the Eaftern, and more efpc- ciiilly tlie inhnl Traifls of thi". Illand arc almoft un- knovvnto /•-'«' '7'". :'.') aa- Mil in/', Puch.iv,trao>i, Sam- li.ii, H'vi t.i, l..vi.i.:, near which arc Diamonds of the hiphelt vaUie; V:,, c/.Vtf;', l.iveund h^niiannajjin^ not far truni the Month of the River .V;/<; -iJ-iir. F. Anti'unyl'fvtiiwilid, a Voitiiguf{<' Miiiionary in tiic Year 16S9. givesthis account of Umiio that it \i iC^o U.iliit7t Miles ill Circumference, the Coaft inhabited by M/il.-yw, who are Mahome:,i>ii, and the inland C-jntryby Pug.wi rslled Beajufes. That rJicfc former arc governed by fcvcrai Kings, who re- (iiie at Borneo, btiitkimr.JJln, Siiccudmi, &c. but the latter have only Captains and chief Men over them. That the Country is Fertil, abounding in Rice of an excellent fort, Callia, Wax, Camphire the Left in the World, Pepper, Gum, excellent Diamonds found in the Rivers, alfoGold-dult among the Sands, and the richeft Bezoav Stones, found in the Stomach of a wild Ape. Here are Herbs, Roots, Fruits, and the Edible Birds Neft, mentioned in our account of Cochiiichiiii:. He reprclems the Mttlay::n Moon, as a faithlefs (Covetous ihieving Generation, and on the fiintrary, the ft;ijii ■}(• IV^ ihj, as a Moral virtuous People; but whether Aftciilion ai\d Prejudice had not foiiie influence, I caimot fay, for he was intent on convertinj! the Bi. !;///"<■', and was interrupted in it by the Moon. There arc fevcral I'orts on the Ifland, but that of Bmdct muffin \% moft frcijucntcd, for the Spice there fold. CELEBES, lyes on the Eaft of Bm nw, between that Ifland and the Molucca I (lands, the North part i Deg. above the Linc,and the South part 6 Deg.below it, in Long. from 138 to 141 Deg.Thecxaft I.at.according to Or.mp.-ir is from i Deg- 30 Min. N. to 5 LVg. 30 Min. .S. At the North Ealt end there is a long nar- row Cape which Urctchcsout io Leagues NoithEaft, aiidin the South part there is a Bay or Gulph 7 or 8 Leagues wide, which runs up 40 or 50 Leagues into the Country. There is a hiijh Hill on the North end, but the Land is generally low on the Eaft fide, the Mould is black and deep, and extraordina- ry fat and rich, and fo full of Trees as to fecm one continued Grove. ( Onmpeir.) The North Weft Wind blows from H-vembct to Miircli, and makes the Shore unfafe, the Rains at the fairc time overflow the low Lands, for which realon their Houfcs are huilt upon Piles 9 or I o Foot above the Ground. The Ifland J29 yields iruch Spite, gieat plenty ot Rice, with tho (■niits and Plants ufual III ihcle parts. The Inhabi- tants refemble i he. ^//im*/' in Furiii and Complexion, and are InJultrioiis in cultivating then- Land. (Van. dtli),.) The whole w divided into flit Kingdoms, but ficrn^ciw/ have Cogni/aiiee ii but two, n'^. C<- /fZ-f/whofe Capital ftamlson the Wert Coaft under the Line. And Mjitiffci whith is the South part. The Capital of the fatr.e Name ftandson the Weft Coaft, in the ? Deg. of Sow ii Lat. and i.s a Town of great Strength and Tlk^. but ispolfeiredby the Dmci'di lUmpcii fays Sizvaifiir fpcaks alfo of the Ourth Conquerini', II before the Year 1670. whereas it was under its i,wn King wlun he was there in 1659. A frw many imall Illandr. lye upon the Coafts of thcfe large ones wc have bei n tri-ating o\', too many to be t^ch defcnbcd, and the mecr lumimjrhcm will be of little life to the Reader. T'liofe that are men- tioned by out Voyagers, and arc of the larger extent arc as follows. B.lir, or the leffer 7,17.^, fituatc at the Weft end of J.tvj, in the fame Latir. a populous and fruitful Ifland, where the Ships for the Molucca $ touch for frefti Water and Provilions. It is a fmall Illand not above 1 x Leagues over. tOMBOC and CVMBAVA lye on the lame Line Eaft ward, but I lind no account of them Extant. FLORIiS lyes nnore to the Eaft, lying Eaft to Weft, 60 Leagues in length. The chief Town u named Lufatia, and lyes on the Noith-Weft fide. TIMOR^, lyes on the Scuth-Eaft of Viortt at the diftanceof about jc Leagues. The Land is high and Mountainous, 70 Leagues long, and 15 or i6 wide, the middle of the Ifland is in the 9th Deg. South Latit. It produces white Saunders, Wood and Wax. Of the SPlCE-ISr.ANDS. It may be matter of Admiration, that thcfe two delicious Fruits, Nutmegs and Ckvn, Ifiould be found only in fo fmall a part of the habitable Earth. For no where elfc but in this Eaftern part in a few fmall Iflandsdo tbefe fragrant Spices grow.'Tis ir\ie,Dampeir fays Mindtinnyo Ifland may be made to produce them, bur however, none appears any where but in thefe Ifland.s, which lye juft under or near the Aquator. The BaihU Iflands alone produce Nutmegs. Termite and Thiol c, with Amhoyna, CeiitmirtA a few other fmall Iflands furnifli the whole World with Clovcj, as Ceylon on the Coaft of hidin already Treated of doe.! with Cinnamon. But the Wifdom of Provi- dence is as vifible in this as in the other parts of its Difpeniations, for if but a fmall part ot the Earth produce libefe Spices, there grows how- ever more than enough to fufficc the whole World ; for the Earth is fo Prolifick of them, thkt great quantities of Cloves drop ungatliered, and are per- mitted to perifli on the Earth. Of Nutmegs vaft quantities are often deftro> cd on the Spot, to pre- vent filling the Markets too full. An inftance where- of Sir iVtltixm 'Temple gives u* in hi; Obfervations on the Nithcrkndi, where he fays an Eajllndii Sea- S man ^ i);.! i>v^\ fc^ II 130 men told him, he faw ac one time ibicc heaps of Nutmegs burnt, each of v^hich was miic than a fmall Church would hold. And indeed, if wc con- liderthc Hot Nature of thcfe Spices, and how little of them Suffices for all ticcclfary iifcs, and how Inju- rious the too great ul'e of thcni might be to our Health, wc may have Rcafon to blefs Providence, that they come lo fcantily to us. And content our filvesthat Pcpptr, whi.hii of more general ufe is not fo reltraincd. The fe Spices were brought either through Pcji.t and I'm. /;.->, orb) the i^f./ ii-i and thrri:(;h 'E-typr, 10 the Mfd.tetr/iticiDiSca, and thence fold tu l-.:ircpcjtL<, before the /'i.n<fi/e;;c in the year 1511. dilcovered thefc Klands. The Emperor Cciir/cj V claimed the property of thcni, fuppofingihcintolye wiiliin his part of the Uiviliop which Pope Alcxr.nJer VI. had made between the Cr.jtiHai.i andlV;f;.j5/,f-f,but ihcPortuguc:^c would not fo part with them, contending ftill and intcvnipting the CnjiUir.ii 1 rade, till in the Year 1 5 29. in conlidcr.ition of 35COC0 Ducats, Lhefelflands were Moitgagcd to the I'o in^uet^e and never redeem- ed. Tlicfc therefore pi.irelTed them, till the Dutciy in frequent Wars totally expelled them, and all o- thcr lui opeant, and have now the Monopoly of this Trade. The Kiiimf^-Ttec is like our l't/:ch-Tice, the I.cives fotnewhai Itfs and more round. The Fruit IS cncl'ifcd within a Husk, as thick as that of our VValmiis, within which lyes a leaf which enclofes the Shell ; I his Leaf is the Ma^e, and within the Shell lies the Nutmeg, which comes otu green, and is b'ulcd.ii I iirc (as we arc told) to prevent the Worm getting into it; and lyes ronitiitic to Dry before it is fit for ufe. Of this Tree the Earth is almoft quite covered in the Unnti-i Illands, the Fruit whereof is gathered three times a Year, vi:{. in /Ipiil, Auiuft and Dcceir,bc>, but the y^/ri/Crop is the belt. The C7(>i'f-rrec refembles the Liwrcl, but hai fomcwhat a narrower Leaf. The Fruit grows in Clulfcrs, the Rloflbni white and green turns red, the Fruit is of a hri.wn Colour when ripe, but being dryed intheSiiii turns black; it is gathered once a Year, from ,SV/'.'.';/;/'cr to i'lbiur.r;, according to Sim- hoff\ although others fay, they crop the Buds one Year to make tile Crop the better next, and fo ga- ther but every fecond Year. The Clove is called ('. .»«.;Mf by the Natives and obtained the Name wc know irby, from the Sp.-.ni/l: word Cl.iios a nail, from its Simiiitiide to one : and is of fo drying and attraOlivca quality, th.it if a Tub of Water be fct luar a bagot Cloves, a great deal of it (hall be fucked ir, and the Woightid the Cloves thereby much en- crealtil, wherefore the Kiu\ilh dealers play that trick to t heat the Buyers. BANDA, the principal and largefl of thcNutmog- lilaiHis, lyes in ihc 4 Deg. ^0 Min. South I at. It is a Ihiall Idand notabove lo Miles long, and half fo much broad, but is exceeding Fertii.yicldingOrangcs and other Fruits, befides whole Forcfts of Nutmeg- Irces. Ow En^lijl Meich.tnts in their firft Navi- g.uioiis feiitSh'pshithci ; Cipiain K,edi"g's Voyage, in i6r,7. extant m /7.r. V"', Itiews them well ac- quainted with this Trade at ihat time ; but the Hutch even (oiirly as that, were bulic in ingrolfing it, and in etffd ('jon after, they biiilta Fort here, and would permit no body elle to buy the Nutmegs The Ihape cf ihe lllaiid iilikc- a Horlc-lhooc : in thcmidille Illands on the CoaU 0/ India. ' whereof is a fair Cay, whereon (lands the chiif Town furroundcd with Groves of Nutmeg-Tncs, beyond that there nfe.s a little Mountain, whence flow fome Brooks that water the Country, and beyond the Mountain another I'laiii covered with the fame Frees. The I'eople atcltrong, butilllavcured, and live to a great Ai?,e. M.ilmnct^nis in Religion, and Melancholy in Temper. The Women hive the care of the Tilligc, and the Men addidl thcmfelvcbtu Trade. Thc> .nc very Zealous and Striift in their way ; and in Givernment a Commonweahh unjtt their Ltrds or Orankeys. {ijiireH' There are five or fix other very fmall Illands, which produce Nutmegs, 3ndl)c all round about Br.vit.i. at a few Leagues dilfance, thcfe arc named ^t'LO{f.,r, l'VLOl{lK, .Ni.i^W, Gt H.iX.iPI, OTLIGU:\; all which rlie Dmcl havein Sul jedlion. 'The MOLUCCA ISLANDS, are fo called fmm the Mr.'r.y/:)! word M Ire which fignifies the Hcaii ui a great thing, 'lliclc Iflands being always iiieuned the chief of all the Archipelago. They arc properly but live in number, vi^:.T-'ti,i/f,I'i.wf,M<' ■i;M\i<:,:,:i jnd B.:rr!.iri. And are as nowble for the CIjvc Tra.lc as the Zi.rH.ic.-Iflauds aie for the Nutines; Th.cv l.e near to one another, undci or nc.ir the Equir.uvltial Line. TERNATE, the chiefeft and biggcfl of thorn lyes in the ift Deg. of North Latit. it is notabove 8 Leagues in extent rnd atlbrds but little Pro.ilions except Goats and fome Poultry, they have cx.iilent Almonds and fome Fruits, but the Scorching heat of the Sun, fo dries the Earth that no Rice or other Grain grows in this, or the reft of thcfe Illands, but their Bread is made of a Pith of a Tree uhi.h they beat into Meal and Bake in Cakes called S.i^n, an excellent nourifliing Food, as wc experience, in the Medicinal ul'e of it here in Eiiglana. But the chief Produdt of the Illand is the Clovc-Trce which grows Spontaneous, and bears I'luit the 8th Year, which making too great an cncreafe, the Dwr/) have cut down whole Woods of them. The chief Town is C-imm.i-l.-.nim.i, which confins of one Street 1500 Paces long, built by the Sea fiiie, the Houfes built of Cane or Timber {ManJcii. .) Th re is ! fays G/ »;;■//,) in this Ifland, a Inirning Mountain which at three Mouths cafts out fire and Sulphur, and in the Year 164S. it's irruption was fo violent, as to do agtcat dealof Mifchief. The Country is Moun- tainous, and has no Rivers or Springs, but the fre- quent Rains fupply the want, and water the Earth very plentifully. The People fcem to W of the Mr..'a)t:ii Race, wear a flight Cloathing, and arc to- lerably civil ; they arc heahhy, and live to an hun- dred Years of Age. This Idand was SubjevQ: to its own King in former Days, who had a!fo Dominion over^WonV, and divers other Iflards. Sir Francii Dr^k" was very kindly recei'vcd by h:m. ,ind afterwards Sir Hcw) iyiiddlcton br. Mpht a kind Letter trati that King, and another from he King of T)di>c, to King "James I. in the Year 1 606. But the lhlU«- Hen have fuch an Abfolute Power over all thtfe Iflands, that I fuppofc tliofe Royalties arc de- ftroycd. TIDOR. TIDOR, ii little diflam equal to and when our Shi Clove is bettti elfevthetc, an I'aradife whic corious, are Illands. f MOTIR. ly near the Line. BACHIAN Southward of i producing Cl< well guarded !■ Although ih( illands ; yet Ids than io needlefs to iwthing more uill more liv only fpeak of notable of then AMBOYN^ 15 leagues Wt Leagues lon^, producing Clo gar-Cancs, Cc Fruits. The I People, who d firft Voyages, 1 treated us wit The chief To B«y, where is for Ships. Th trey, fo as two. The ,n cile than thcfe tifo hardy, am Neighbours, in this Ifland, by Kicubojfvx Fort of Piiiory Staple of the ( up in th? Bay, a good Ditch. Caftle was ad le chief Tri-cs, wlicnce ■y. anJ ■vith ibi.- tlii;i()ii, II' .'■.(.■ St. J II tlK'.r I uiiJir I he Ijlands on theCoafi 0/ India. TlDOR, is near as lanje as Tirtiiite, and but a little liiflam from it, the Piincc of this Idand was equal to and often at Wars with him of Tcrnate, when our Ships (irft Navigated tliefc parts. The Clove is betttf cultivated here by the Inhabitants than elfev^hcrc, and fo is taircr .ind laigcr. The Bird of Faradifc which wt fee in the Mufx in'/ of the curious, are Natives of this and the Ntigbouring Ilknds. MOTIR, lycs a little inorc to the South, and very near the Line. BACHIAN and MACHIAN, lye a little ^o the Southward of tlic Line. Thefe are all ftnail Ifiands, producing Cloves, and all poireffedby the Om/cA, and well guarded by FortB. Although tbefc only be the J^M.'or Proper Molucct Jllands ; yet Geographers reckon divers others, no kis than -ro i..'ar .Adjacent into that Clafs. Ti» ntedlcfs to name fo large a Number, whereof iioihitig more can be (aid, and which the Map will rtinre lively infortti you. We fhall thfrcfore only fpcak of two or three of the Urgeft or mod notable of them. AMBOYNA, lyes in ^ Deg. 40 Min. South Latit. 25 leagues Weft and by North from Bandj, is jo Leagues long, and 14 Leagues in Circumference, producing Cloves, Oranges, Limons, Citrons, Su- ear-Cancs, Coco, l-'otato's, Millet, Tobacco and Fruits. The Inhabitants are a poor ignorant fort of People, who dealt fairly with our Traders in the firft Voyages, but when the Dutch got footing, they treated us with the fame infolence as ellewherc. The chief Town has to the Weft of it a very fair Say, where is fafc Anchorage, anti good Shelter for Ships. This Bay enters deep into the Coun- trey, fo as almoft to divide the Ifltnd into two. The Inhabitants (fays Girwt//i) are more Do- cile than thofe of the Molucca's and hnndu, they are alfo hardy, and valued as better Soldiers than their Neighbours. There are feveraJ very good Villages intnisIHand, whereof particular accounts are given by Kieuboff too long to Tranfcribc. The Caftle or Fort of liitory, built by the Dutch, and made the Staple of the Company, (fand< about two Leagues up in the Bay, and is defended by four Bulwarks, a good Ditch, and a confideiable Garrifon. In that Caflle WIS aC^ed that barboroLis Tragedy c^ Tor- menting the E-)^////; that were fettkd in Trade lieri- in the Year 1^22. upon a falfe Accufation of their, intending to dcftroy the l)utci\ The particulars whereof fee in H'iijons Hiltory of King James's Reign. ThisCafHe fiiffLicd damage not many Years ago, by an inunilauon of the Sea. /tmh.r'i", Wis Sublet t ) the King of Tcrnati, be- fore the Po>iiigue:;e made tbeinfelvcs Matters of it in ■46. thefe were driven out by the Dunh in i6oj. wlio foon after expelled the /■>.;;///?.• asabovcfaid, and have ever liiicc polfeired it. GERAM, an Illand of much larger extent, lyes neat adjoining to Amkina on the North. It abounds with Spice, and for Peace fake is in Alliance witfi the DutJ). The chief Town of it is named Cum- hetto. (JILOLO, exceedingly larger than any of thefc, but lefs confidcrable, as producing no Spice, the Equino<ft a." paffes over it, its North part lyes in 1 Deg. North Lat. and the South Coaft in 1 Dee South Lat. The Illand is full of large and commo- dious Bays, and the Land produces Fruit, Rice, ^c as ufual in this Climate, but hardly Gold, as the firft Difcoverers told us j clfc the Trade ihither would be more confidcrable. The- chief Town of the fame name ivcs in the Northern part, over againft Ternate Ifland The TERRA rfo'; PAPOUS or NOVA GUI- NEA, a Main Land, which extends farther Eaft- ward thin has yet been difcovcred, is found to Commence in a few Degrees Eaffwarii of Gilolc. The Coafts of it, are ftiewn in the Maps, but the Country is but very little known. NOVA HOLLANDIA, another P in Land, if not a continuation of the faire, lyt. jre to the South, from theioth Deg. South Lat. This we are as little acquainted with, as only knowing that the Coaft continues for very many Deg. in Longit. Many Illands lye on the South Coaft of Nma Guinea, as yiru, of pretty la.gc extent, about 110 Miles long from Nonh to South. Kje, of much fmailcr extent lying more to the Weft, and fcvcral others, whereof wfe find notHlnB material. S 2 Of 'M 'tlf- • ')V: 1 "■ "^'■h1 ■'* ; t ^ 1 1 ' '\' ^ If !-;•! !i.;t-|f 1 - ii , ''Sif ^iflil W-M 1 132 Iflands on the CoaH of India. OF THE PHILLIPINE ISLANDS. m' . '. ON the North of the Mciuccn Iflands, the North Eall of Borneo, loo Leagues Eaft from the Coall ai' CoMnchitu, and aboiH no South from the Coaft of t:.'i(« I lyes an Archil- "lago, or a numerous OuHcr of lllaiids lutwcen the 5th ..xl loth Dcg. of North Latit. and between the 134 and 1.+7 Deg. of Long, named by t'erdinund Mngeilanei, who difcovered it, the Ar- chipelago of W..t;;.irM/, bck-aufc he arrived thereupon fitititriijyhiioh i'.rjhi (which is called in Sfnin St. /.rt^«iu;-Day ) in the Year ijii. The name of I'hiltippitics was given to thefe Illands in honour of I'hillip n. King of '^pti>', by whom ihcy were con- ijuered, lincc which they have been .ilways fuhjecl to th-.t Crown. The Number of thele Illands is too large to be told, fome pretend there are no lefs than I cc-r, others by palling by the very fmallones, would reckon 4c of the larger kind ; but even that account exceeds the truth, if only fuch as are confiderable be reckoned. y.ii^oM, LiiCuiiU ox Maniihn, is the moft Northern the largelk and mod conliderable. iVituUnao, is the Southern, and next in bulk and value. p.v\tgo,T, is the moit Weftern, and reckoned next to the two former in extent. I'h:::il'iu,: or Tr:rijrt\f;, is the moif Haftem. Within and about .ill thele l)c many others, whcrcot wc Ihall Ipeak as particularly as is ne- cellary. The Air ill the P/' '////'»(• Idands is hot and moid, ho^ve^ er the heat is nor more violent than in the Uog- l)a>bin/M/», but caufes more fwcat .tnd weakiicls. The Uanipnefs is i^reat, bccaufc the Land abounds vvitli Kivers and LaKe.v, .ind withall there falls great Kains ilie molt parrnf the Year, lo thai tho' the Sun bein their ^.-H/f'' tw ,.c a Year (in \/,o and 'lngnj't) vet the Heat is mt lo great as t(i render the place un- inhabitable. During the Monih- of 7;;nf. jiiA, .;.•- ::,t'il, and part of Si-ftm.'.cr , the Weft and .South U'lnds Wow, and brmg Inch Rains that the Fielils arc Ho' lied. I'rom (J.iohr till Deci-mlr the North Wind prevaiN, .iml from that time till A/.ii, the Eaft and I'alt South-Ealf atlords em plealant Breezes. I'l.r So'.l Produces Kicc, Fruits of various kinds, Herbs "-•?<:■, Cattle, F.iwl, Filh, Wild Bcafis, Civet. Cats, Honey, Wax, (lum^, Medicinal Herbs, Be- zoar, w.. IS'.it that which tenders em conliderablc .lie the Rich Coinoditiis for 'Iraflick, ti^. Rich I'carlv, excollciit Aiulur-nrecce, Cotton, Civet, Be- /oar, .ind Ciold, ot Which alone the value cf ■'oocco Pieces ol I'.ipht yci .li:Jiim is gither'd, withou' tlic help of Hue or Quick-Silver. Thus much in general, to proceed to P'rliciilar-.. The Illar.d 1 U/ON orLl'CONlA, lyes between 1 j l\e. ^c M. and 19 Deg. I atir. in thape like a lici.ded .\u\. In Length 161 V/mm//- Leagues, in Breadth in fome parts from 30 to 40 Lcagucs.in others not above 20. At the Elbow in the S. VV. Coaft there is a large River, which iffues from the great Lake Bni'i within I.and , and falling into the ,Sea makes a fair Commodious Haven, On this River the Chief City Mimlhn itands ; and at tl.' Mouth of it C/tiite, which is the Port for the New Spain Ships, that Annually arrive here, The whole Illaiid ii divided into thele Provinces, i. SMnyaii, wherein Manilla Hands, it abounds in Cotton, Rkc .inJ Palm Trees, i. CaliUi).:, larger and more Populous than, J. ( amnrinci, in which are the Towns of Boii.i", I'jiy.icr.o, II'.tIoii, BiiLii, Sdijocni, where large .Ships arc Built, and A!l:ii, i.,ii- -vhich is a Bmnini? Mountain. 4, I'macfiU whi 1' ■ *'r Rich Mines ct Gold. The Soil is g--.,. \r^ 'ices C^.-so ard Paliii-Trers. v C./i; iv •( :i ;.. , . i^ioviiv c in the Illand : The Capital nam, J .N>i 5f:;oi'(j is ,i liuLop's See, Founded with the City, Wwjc 1^98. lliis i^io- vince is Fruitful and produces Wax, Brazil and b! ony Wood, and Wild Bcafts, whofe Skins are Mcrtlnn- dizc. 6, IHcci'S, the Richell and beft Peopled Pro- vince in the Ifland : The Capital l-emr.uJiv.n wk Built on the Bank of the River Biy^.iu in 1 574. In Mountains in this Province, beyond Woods inhabited by Wild People, are Gold Miocs. 7. I'nt.gajman, running along the Coalt is good Land for Eight ot Nine Leagues, above which it is Woody and Moun- tainous, and polfefs'd like 1//moj by Wild h.dim!. 8. l'ami)ang,i, a large Province, and Fruiiful Soil producing much Rice, .ind inhabited by more tr^idla- Lie Indians, who allilt the Sp/iuianU in the Wars, 9. Bnhi, on the Ealt of MiitiiH.i, about the Lake above mention'd, Fruiiful in Areta and Bcielc. «',d yielding much Timber for Shipping. 10. r.,iicm, a fmall Province abounds in Riie, and Pal- -^' .,,e. Lattly, II. Cjtntidi .incs , and two or t! lOu (■'h.T Illands Sul'jeift to a Metropolis on th' :. mv I ', compofes a Province, it lyes or. the !!."(. -..it 1, \ artbrds Rice, Palin-Wine, Coco s, Hone; inu \\ ,i .. All the Illand of M.wi.i.i produce GoM >. '.er. Wax, Cotton, Sulphur, Rice, good Horles, C vs, Butalo's, Deer and Wild Boars. But it is nnu h S' , jidt to Farths-iuakcs. A word or two of thi ' iii..t City and then we will paP, (^^. Mjniil:-:, the Capital ol this Illand, and '..v' Seat ot the Government of the I'hillipinc Iflar 1- , itaiids in the 14 Deg. 40 M. South Latit. at n ,ioint of I ..nd on the River, which iHiies from the Lake Bill and fails into the Sea, making a gocd Haven .nt :'j: itc, which is a very good well built Town on the Well Cioilb It is two Miles in Circumfrrenrc, well fiuariled with good Walls, wherein are lix Ciatc-, 1 '^vong Cafllc and divers ("lut-woiks : The Stri' ?•;■ 'irnad. ibc Houles of Timber, and the Palaces;., > , ■■ .iitif'.ii ; but bv realon of birthqiiakis, v\hicli i (':> ' ■.lul.row Houfcs, the IHiildings arc nor regular. I ,ie City it fell contains about j^ --o SoulsconliOiiif^of .Vfi'. t'lV, DS. :apucs,in others ; S. VV. Coift from the great ; into the Sea 1 this Rivor the ..■ Month of it W Sfuiin Ships, hole llland i$ tittyaii, wherein on, Kkc .-.lid nore Popiilou'! the Towns of >, where lar^e li is a Biirniiijj Ki.-h Mints cf ices Cii..;,9 and i^rovirii c in the ii'^'ij i^ ,1 l«ll,op's 78. Tins i'lc- raziland IV, oiiy ,s arc McKlnn- \ Peopled Pro- Vtrnr.hjir.n mas '" in 1574, In .'cods inhabited 7. I'^j.gijnmn, nd for Eight or ody and Moun- V'lld InM.vit. , Fruiifui Soil 7 trorc trada- in the Wars, bout the Lake nd Bcttle. ki.d 10. r. -licit)!, nd Pbl.-.>\''...f. or t! I -re fth:i' :h' i. MV I:, ,!. ; . ■ t :!i 1. \ nc; .Mia ''A ,1 .. L' Gold ^ ' vC't, Horles, C VV, it is iiuu h S' . JO of the ' .tiitt , and '...'Sear of '• , ifauds in the nt of I ..lid on c Bill and falls r r.i:i>c, which the Weft C:oalK !l I'uarded with I ^'.niif; C'aflle ^' e 'rroad. l^e X ~ ' ( ■' .iiMt'.ii ; ('■'• '.lul.row 1 .10 City It pi; of S^u ■.•li.. P H I L L I P I N E ijlands. *33 •t a mix d Race proceeding; from them and Tn.iiiwi .• But the Suburbs arc more Copious. The Clincfe Quarter on one fide of the City, eonlilis of divers Streets of Shops of all Trades, jcoo Cbinejr inhabit here, and arc the chief Tradis-meii, the Spuninnls and liJUtis being tuo lazy : They arc called Saii^h)s, have an Ai.'i.i^ to govern tlieni, and are nuieli kept Under by the Spnnltids . There arc 1 s other Suburbs inhabited by Indijiii, and other Strangers. 1 he Ca- thedral is large, and feveral other Churches in the Ciiy Rich. 1 he Arch-bi(hop has a Revenue of 6000 pieces of Eight, and the Canons 500 apiece. The Governor lives in great State, and has a very large Revenue, which would make it a deli able Poft, if a Sting in the Tail diii not Marr the Sweet, for when a (iovernor after b.ight Years is recalled, he undergoes aTryal, wherein I'o much Encouragement is given to Afcufations, and the judges are fo levcrc in their Vtuhiit, that it lie be not able to expend icocoo ficcesdt Eight ill Bribes, he is feldom found virtuous eiioiii^h to efcape Iniprilonment or other Punilh- iiient. 1 his llland his the Liberty of fvndinj; two Ships every Ye.it to New '\p.i!n, but bc'aulc the number is telbaiii'd they Build thofe two vaiUy lare,e Thcle carry lo.IiM/'W" :i Port in the South Sea, in the Kingdom of Wiu I) or NewS/ciw, the Spices and Rich Comiro- ilities of Ind'.i, and bring back the valuable Commo- dities of .hucnct and l-.itfpe. Thefc are the Ships which Dampl;. lately attempicd to take. The r^.uft reniJrkablc of thcothcr lllands are, CliVL, at the M.-'Utli of the Straights of .WrtHiV/.i on the F.ait, 'tis fmall being but three Leagues in Compafs, but Fruitful and plcafani. VHILIM'IKA or 'lUmljya , which (Hmelli lalls Siimdr, on the .South lide of the fame Stt.;'olit. isiargc, n:;. ijc Leagues in Circumference, and reputed one of the iiiott Fruitful of thefc Jilands. 'J'hc Chief Town where the -iVi./c rclides, is named C/nLilogm, and the North Eait Point of the llland is called the Cib't ./■ Spi'.'io Su'.H-. A Fruit or fort of Nut found near Cnthnhgon, is rc- ('ortvd to be of irol'. fiirprixitif, virtue, asnotnn'yex- pelliiic Poifoii, bir even hinderiry its Effects, and retuinng it on him hat intends the Mifcluef. With many other Exccllemics enunier.xted by Giuifiii. MASB/tl'li, iituate Well of Tjn(/.«M, is jO Leagues m Compafs, yields Wax, Salt, Ciivct and Gold, whereof here are rich Mines, where the Ore rifes li Carats hue ; but they arc not wrought. MlSnOKO, on the South Weft Coaft of hUnilU, which gives name to the Straight lictwecn that llland audit, is 70 Leagues in compafs, and yields Coco, ar.d Wax. L.ZH'IS, a finall llland ; Leagues in -rompars only remarkable fur a high Mountain in it, which alts out Flames. PAI{./1GVA, llretching cut North Eafl and South Weft, |oo Leagues in length, and about 11 or 14 in breadth. Tlie middle of it lies in the 9th Deg.of l4t. and It's South Cape Ir.^ujr.ii is S" Leagues North Irom lU'nro. I'hc South part of this llland is fu\i)eiil 10 the King of lliru.-} ■ m the Midland are wild Indiitui ; and the Noitliern part isSubjed to the i'/d- «i(5f(/j, who keepaCiarrifon of 200 Men in the For: T.m/!v. The liland is Mountainous, and •bounds with Forefts and wild Biafls, and yields Wax, but little Rice. 1 he three lllands C,iUmia/,e.', lying on the North of L'jir.ict, are fmall in compafs, and yield Wax and the Edible liirds Nett. /'//.\W7", ail llland of good Extent, being ico Leagues in Cuinpals, lyini/, ^o Leagues SoutliEalHVom Mtndciro, Lat. I J D. It IS reckoned the beft Peopled, and moft fruitful of .ill the .\r hipclago. The chief River of the fame Name fails into the Sea, over a- gaintt the fmall IlUnd I.Z't.'l', and makes a conve- nient Haven. Many other Rivers water this llland, and render its Soil tertil. The South pcmt juttiiignut over againlt the llland IM/lV.lS, which yields Sarfi- pari/ a. forms another Harborr, whith is (guarded by a Fort I'uiit HI 1 6S (. This llland produces" for Expor- tation, loocoo Biilhels of Kice, y>f. Aiinum. I i:'i'Ti:, IcAiid to the .Southward, hardly lo I eagiies from ihe Coait of M'.i,ditnn'\ is between 90 and IOC Leagues in Compals. Vaft Mountains run along the middle, and iiiak ■ fucli an Alteration in the Air, that when it is Wu'ter on the N. tth fide, 'tig Summer on the Suuth, but the Plains are very fruitful, and yield plentiful Crops of Rice, towhichthc Rivers that run down from the Mountains, do not a little contribute. The MoLiitains abound in Deer, wild Boars and Fowl, and the Land yields Roots, which is the Food of the Inhabitants, Grain, Coco-'l'rees and gocid Timber for Shipping. The Commodities for Trade here are Rice, Wax and Quilts. The inhabi- tants are a civil People. IIOIIOL, lying near Leyte, towards Mimi-'ir.p, is finaller, being in compals but 40 Leagues. The .Soil whereof produces no Rice, but yields Coco's and di- 'ci-s P.oots, much Cattle and Filh, and is rich in Gold Mines. SIBZ\ \el>ii or 5o^/r, lyes on the North Weft of I ryie, about i? or ID Leagues long, and 8 broad. The chief City is named, .Ncwj/ip de Dcos, i. e. the Naineof (Kd, and is feaiecuna point inthc middle of the llland, in the 10th Ueg. Lat. Here the famous ;■./,/. A'narl/ar:!, the tirft Circumnavigator of the Earth was killed by the Treacherous Indmiii, after the King and his chiel Attendants had been Baptized, and pretended to be his good Friends. This being the liland where that great Man rirft Planted his Catho- lick Majelty's Standard in 1521. and where afterwards t]ie CoiKiueft of the whole was liegun. This City was founded by the Spaniards, and made a Bilhop's See, and tho feat of a civil Magiftracy, in the Year 1 ^98, It has a good Haven, which is defended by a ftrong Fort, and a Garrifon of two Companiesof Soldiers. Here is a Cathedral Church, and divers Monaftcrics. The Liberty of fending Ships to Kew-Spniti, wasfiid granted to this llland of v'^"> which made it a place of great Trade, but the rife of Manilla has been the linking of this, and fo it is now Icfsrcforted to, but ftill has Hamlets of Chimic and Indian Merchants ami Artificers. This llland wants Rice, butpt- <ices Bo- rnna. Onions, Garlick and other Rcotj, cotton of which they make fine Qpilis, the Plant Abaca, of which Cordage for .^hipping is made. Tobacco, and much Civet and Wax. '' '\m '";« m - 1 i'lti Ill 134- hliGUpS, on the Noith Welt of 7^cl>u is lOO I eagues in compafs, and is iruiiful in Rice. The Moiintains arc inhabited by hlucl{s ol" the iVf^rc-kind, which gave Name to the lllind. 'I'hefe bring Wax out of the Mountains, to exchange for Rice. Much CacM tranfplanted ttom New-Spain grows here. In all tliele Illands, 'tis reckoned there are tooooo Pcnplc, that pay Tribute to the King of Sp.iin, how- ever, his Revenue does not amount to above 40000 pieces of Eight, which does not anfwer the charge of Government and Garrifons (here being 4000 Soldiers maintained) by 2^cooo pieces of Eight, lo much be- ing Annually fent from Sive-Spahi. Thi s far i have taken from Seignior Gimdli, who rclided foine tiineac Mmi'.hr., in the Year 1696. and fecms to tie a Man of judgment and Integrity, and a Fertonwhoconvtrfed withPeoplcofthebcllCondition, ai-.d thcrefoie we may believe his accounts are right. A great many particulars we are forced to omit for bre- vity, which yet would appear agreeable to a curious Man, I'uch a one may pleafe to confult the Author hiir,:. If, a Tranllatu ri whereof is extant in the late Jjlands on theCoaflof India. Colu. : As li; not Sub)i. who Coaltc and often, 'oy.iges. Printed by Mr. Churchill, nr.o, another of the Philiipinet, altho' .icSpr.niiiiL Welhalkonfult Oimprir, all round, and was alhcreinit long MIK DAN AO, the biggelt ofall the Phi/I!pint Illnmis, except Lu:;n, is 60 Leagues long, and 40 or ^o broad, (iruatc bctwicn the ^th and the 8th Dcg. of North 1 at. and between the 141 and the 14; Dcg. of Long. It is a very Mountainous Land, full of Hills anil Val- leys. The Mould in general is deep and black, and extraordinary fat and fruitful. The fides of the Hills are Stony, yet produdive enough of tali Trees. In the heart of the Country, there arc fome Mountains that yield Gold. The Valleys are well moiftened with pleafanc Brooks and fmall Rivers of delicate Water ; and have on their Banks Trees of divets forts flourilh- iiig, and green all the year. The Treis III general are very large, and mofi of them .ire of kinds unknown to us. Of thefe the S,igo or /..i/'v-Trte, is worth notice, as affording Food to the Inhabitants, 'tis frequent in thefe Eaftern Iflaiids, and fupplies ina greatmeafurethc want of Rice, for the Pith being pounded, and with Water flrained through a Cloath, to keep back the Husky part, fettles at the Uittom, and the Water l>cing drawn off, and the Scttlen;ent dried, it bcaimes a Flour, which m.akcs good nourifliiog Bread ; and isalfo a Mediaine again!) the Flux. In foine parts of MirnUnan, there is plenty of Rice, but in the Hilly part, they Plant Yatns, Potatoes aid I'limkins which thrive well, the other Fruits of this liland are Melons, Plantains, Bonano's, Guava's, Be- telc-Nuts, Coco-Nuts, Oranges, 8<c. And fome Nutmegs and Cloves, but neither many nor cultivated, for tear of the Dutch, who they appiehcnd would en- (lave them as they have dore the other Iflander* where thole Fruits grow. And the Durian and Jack, which are praifed by Darnpeir as Delicious Fruits. Here are many fort of Bcaftsboth wild and tame, as Horfcs, Kine, Buffalo's, Goats, wild Hogs, Deer, Monkeys, Guano's, an Amphibious oviparous Animal which i*. good F'lod, Lizards, Snakes, Scorpions, and other venomous Creatures : but no BeaO of Prey. Of Fowls they have Ducks and Hens, Pidgeons, Turtle Doves, Parrots, Parakites, and many other fmaller Birds. There are. 1 great many Haibonrs, Creeks, and good Bays for Ships to ride in, and Rivers Navigable for Canoes, and well flor«d with Filh of divers kind, as alfo Tortoize<^. 7 he Weather in MindntiM is teinpirate enough for Hear, efpccially near the Sea, having Breezes by Day .and land Winds at Night, to cool the Air. The Ea- ftcrly Winds blow in Otlciier and NoviniLer, and bring good Weather, but the Wclleriy Wind brings Rain and Thunder, it begins in 'W^v, and in yul)i and /luavfl IS very violent, fo as to overflow the Land. In Septnu- hr it begins to hold up, and from OHoLsr to April 'tis fettled fair Weather. 1 he Ifland is not all Subjcift to one Prince, but confifis of four Nations, vi^. The Mindunaynm who areSubjedls of the Sultan refuling at the chief City MindnnM. The Hiiunoom-s who live in the Mountains in the Midland, and bring down Bees-Wax to ex- change for other Crmmcdities. 1 lie H.li-.^ues, who livein the North Weft part, and have no Commerce with the Mindnynn, but Trade to M^nilln. And the Alfocrci, who are of the Tunc extraift as the Mi>id,w/i)' am, but have for fome time been governed by a Sultan of their own. They are all Mahometans in Religion, of tawny Completion, but of brighter yellow'than fume other Indians, mean Statures, fmall Limbs, (Iraight Bodies and little Heads, oval Faces, flat Fore- beads, fmall Eye--, wide Mouth and thin Lips. They are ingenious, nimbleand aftive when difpofed to it, but much inclined to Lazyncfs, civil to StraiiEjers, but revengeful on Enemies. They wear a fmall Turban on their Heads, Frock.s and Breeches on their Bodies, but no Stockings or Shoocs. The Garments of the common People are made of the Cloath made ^f the Plintain-Trec, called S^^^fw. The Prince is veiy Ar- bitrary, and takes from bis Subjedls what he pkail.- which makes them ncgledl tf) get riches, and very few poffefs more than ferves for prcfent convenience. Their Food is Rice, or Sagu and Fifh, the better fort eat Buffalo's Flefh ana Fowl, with Rice which they drefs ill, and eat very flovcnly. Belides the proper Mindanao Tongue, they fpeak the AUi.ynn Language, in the more civilized part of the Kland, and have Schools toinftru«ft their Children to Read and Write; and teach them the Principles of the Mahometan Re- ligion. The chief City on the Ifland is Mindayi/io, feated on the South Weft Coaft, ia the 7 Deg. 10 Min. North Latii. on the Banks of a fmall River, about i Miles from the Sea. The Houfes are only one Story raifcd upon Pofts 1 4 or 15 Foot high, with a Ladder or Stairs to go up. Partitions made of fplit Bamboes, divide it into,many Rooms, the Floor is made of the famcCanes, and the Roof covered with Palmeto Leaves. The Sultan's Houfe is large, and ftands upon 180 great Pofts, raifed higher than the reft: it is guardeil with 20 pieces of iron Cannon. He is a very poor Prince, for tho' he takes what he pleafes from his Subjedls, and never fails to borrow Money of any one that he underftaods has any, yet the Kland holding very little Commerce, the People arc all poor. The Spaniards formerly fettled here, and built leveral Forts, endea- vouring to bring the People under their Subicdion, but being called off for the defence of M.ir-l/a, the Natives deftroyed all their Forts, and will never lince fuffer them to Land, but carry their Commodities which are Gold and Bees-Wax to Mmillii, in their own PHfLLIPlNE Ijlandi own Ships, whtrcof they build good fcrviieablconcs. The Di.tch in Caiiocs from Trnintc and Tiil->>c conic hither fomeTimcs, to buy Ricc.B'^esAVax and To- bacco; but the \:.iidiiy/in.i do nor Airtdt them, being alw? s in Hai of being Subjcdled as the oilier lllands Jip/e li-( n by them, and thercfoic invite ihe Eiiglifh to feitl'.' hi ri.'. Thus m'xh of Af /(/,/,.« jr, hz that J c- firesniori', n'ay read it in Dnwpd.'s nth Chapter of hislirft Vokinr. On the North Weft {if fHltiil.in.ifo, lies the Idand of St. ]OHN, at about t or 4 Leagues diftant from itsG)alt, in the 7th or Sth Dcg. North Latit. This lilaiid i;> in length about 3b Leagues, and in breadth 14. Ii isa liif^h land, :ind full of fniall Hills, which are covered with Trees. '1 lie Soil fcens to tc a g(od fat Mould, and niiy fiodnce Com and Fruits, but has been very little vifutd. XOILO, a fniall IQand en the South Weft of Jiiintltinttit, in the Midway between it and Borntc, is reckoned one of the P/ji//'/">'--/, and reprcfented by Giwelli as a famous place, yielding Pearls and Am- ber in its Sea«, and plenty of Rice, Fruits, Pepper, Cattle and Elephants en its Land. The Air is wholfimc, and refrcflicil with frci]uent Kains. The Ships from Borneo and the iieii^hbouring Iflands refort hither, and make it a kind or Mart. CHINA ',r 'i!; THE LADRONES ISLANDS. '"T^l !ESE Idands were firft difcovered and taken I pofllinon i)f in the Name of King Pl.'ilip II. ■- W. /). 1565. They called them at firft //.» Jits I'-Us, afLcrwardj i!e hs Ladroms, becaufc when they touched at them in their Voyages from Mex,eo to the Poimpit.c!, the inhabitants ufcd to flcal their Goorls, andtheii run up into the Mountains, fo they called them the Iflands of Thieves. Of late, the IflandC' («, having obtained the Name of AUria, thefe lllands are thence Denominated the Mantin IflaiiJs. They arc many in Number, lying North and South at various diftances, from the i3L)eg. to the 2S Dcg. North Latit. The Sp-mianh having ta- ken Poifcifion of as many as they thought convenient, and built Forts on them, wh'.re a Governonr and Garrifon riliJe. Altho' the Soil of thcfc Iflands be in general pretty good, and produces lu'celfaties for Lfc, yet th^y afford In little commodity fur Profir, that the Government loits the King of Sptiii J4000 pieces of Eight, as G'/wj,-.'iV tells us. But thty lying in the Road of ihc //i.i;^«.'c Ships, the Polfertlon of ihcm by an Enemy would be ai inconvenient as the liberty of touching there for Reficlhnients, is conve- nient to that Trade. They lye 700 Leagues Eaft from the Coall of Lu\mii:, and 7301 Miles Weft ftom the Coaft of America, as by Dampens obferva- tiuiis is ni.idc appear. Cu.ihotiotCiir.w, as DampHi calls it, which! fup- pofc to be the fame whit h (iivicUi names lijuana, is the principal of them, as being that where the Wc*- pidco Ships touch, it lyes in ij Dcg. zi lat. 12 Leagues long, and 4 broad, lying from North to South. The Soil is indifferently fruitful, yielding Rice, Pine-apples, Melons, Oranges, Limes, Coco's, and a particular fore of Fruit which Ditmpeir calls the Bread-Fiuit ; this is a kind of very large Apple which being baked cats like Bread, and is very good Food, this Fruit lafts eight Months in the Year, and fupplies the Natives with Food; for tho' fome Rice be produced, the Soil is too dry to yield very iiuicb. The Natives are ftrong Bodied, large Limbed, and well ftiapcd, they have no manner ^f Religion in tliem, fays Gimellt\ from the Reports of the Mifli- onaries, and were very rude to thofe Fathers, where- of Ten have fuffcrcd Martyrdom in thefe lllands. The wet Seafon, which begins at June, and lafts to Otinber, is not fo violent here aselfewherc in i\ic Indies. Up- on Qtiam the Speniardshivcz Fort, and a Garrifon, fuppofed to be 80 or 90 Men, but Dnmpeir fays, the Fort had but 6 Guns, a Governour and 10 or 30 Men when he was there. The other of thefe Iflands of moft note arc, Sar- fitma, in 14 Deg. Lat. Buen viJU, in 1$ Deg. Sii- e/pitr.i, in 1^ Dcg. 40 Min. /Inatan, in 17 Deg. lo Min. Snrigan, in 17 Deg. 2S Min. Gungam, in 18 Deg. Atamagur.n, in 18 Deg. 18 Min. P^gon, in 1 8 Deg, 4 Min. The burning Mountain of Griga, in 19 Deg. 3i Min. T/«<iy and Mimga, in zo Deg, 45 Min. Vrrr.c, in zo Deg. 55 Min. Three other burning Mountains. Ifle de ft-.tasjin 15 Dcg. 30 Min. lit Dijconocida, in !<} Deg. 50 Min. MaUirigc, in 17 Deg. 40 Min. &c. This I take from GimeBi, who failed by them in his Voyage to N?m Spain. And here we f.nifli our Account of the Iflandi in the Indian Sea. As looking upon the Japtne/e oot to belong to this Claf; own ,( -ii 196 ^liil 'i '1, , ^KH-m ■■ ■n ft 1 Hr¥ S'l Ij CHINA ALtho' the Extent and opulency of the Gauntry, and the politenefs of its In- habitants be fufficientto have made China Rcnown'd thronghout the Earth, a thoufand Years ago, yet whether the unpafiable Mountains, and barren Sands, which are (aid to bound it towards India -, or the Cuftora of the Peo- ple, of whom 'tis reported, that they either never admitted Strangers among them, or elfc never per- mitted them to return ; or whether the cxtrcam di- ftance only may be the caufc that the reft of the World were wholly unacquainted with it ; but fo it is, that till within loo Years paft, that the improve- ment of Navigation carryed European Ships round the Globe, the reft of Mankind knew little or nothinj; of ebina, 'Tis true, Pf.ulm Vinem's account of Cm- CHINA «37 Ciiinbalu { which as wc have tlfcvvherefaiJ, was in all probability Peliim) and iiis mighty Charadler of the Chirn and his SubjeiJls, may be now apphcd to China ; but (ince at that timt-, it was underftood ot TJ'tnry only, wc may ftill fay that till the I'ortugur^e difcovcrcd and Traded to this Country by Sea, tlie otiicr Nations of the World ivure quite ignorant of it. But as the fudden appearance of a great Light even blinds our Eyes with it's Lulhc, fo the un- cxpeded difcoveiy of fo polite a Nation, which had received no inftrudion from its Neighbours, fo daz- zled the undertlandings of the firit Vilitants, that the Stories they brought us were more like Romances than Tiuths , And till thcZealof tlic i{iimijh Church Itiried up its Miifionariesio Preach the Faith there, wc were ftill ignorant of the true State of that Hni- pire. Since the Year 1 580. there have continually been a number of l^mijl-' Priefts in Cbina ; thefe finding that the CUneJci had an impcrfcft Speculation in the Mathematical Sciences, and perceiving it to be no difticiilr Matter to fhew themfelves better Matters in that Knowledge, laid hold of the Vain, the Gen- try and Nobility of China had that way, and by ac- quainting themfelves well in thofe Arts, before they went hence, gained great Eikem amongft them. Tims by bein;« pretty good Mathematicians and A- ftrononicrs, they have obtained fo much Favour, cfpecia'.ly of late, with Perfons of the higheft Rank, the I'.mperor not excepted, that they have been able to live there very comfortably, and propagate their Dodrines as they pleafed. 'Tis to thefc Gen- tlemen that we owe the difcovery of the true State of (■/•<«,;, at leaft they all agree to alTurc us, that 'tis the true State, which otherwife I muft fonfcls might be doubted, fmce in many Cafes it fecms Hyperbolical. Of thefe Navarette, Magniliani, and te Compte, being the latcft, wc have chofcn to make molt ufe of. The firft of them was a Spnnijh Dominican Fryar, who came from Manilha and rcliJed in China many Years, between 1650 and t6jo. The fecond a I'ortu^uc^^f, v/ho lived there 17 Years from i6^o to 1677, and the third a French Jefuit, who came home but lately. Together with thefe, bcfidts Fathers Martini and Kjrcl)cr^ wc made ufe ol a Treatife brought from Cliitu by the Mifcofite Ambaifador, in the Year 1694. which being faid to be written by a Native ot China, ani a Chriftian (his Name Dionyfiui Kjn ) and re- commended by the Ambaffador as faithful, we have been willing to ha\e lomc regard to. CHINA, has at fevcral times born fcvcral Names, for when a Prince of a N. w Family a- f'cniis the Throne, he alters the Name of the Country ; and there having been li Families of ihile IVin es, 'tis probable fn often it has changed its Niutie: Til fc Nanus wcreall Charadlcriftick, being the word r^'i..; / w with fomc po.xpou. adjuniH: ; as foi hxaiiijie, under the late Fiiauly 'twas called T.i< m'.m ,j:ir, i. •; a 'kingdom of tiicat Crightncis ; and under this Faini y T.u' ciin qm-, i. f. a Kingdom of Piiriiv ; or othi rwife Xnmquc, High and bovereign Kinpdoiu ; and agiin Chum que. Kingdom ot the Centre, lot they iicliev^ it fea:cd in the middle of the Karrli. The ()/^;4W5 call it C'/j/« from a Family that oiKc Rovcrnei! ; (or as K/iv.irettc fays, from the grent produce of Silk there, which he (iiys that word iigiiitics) tfoui whom the Vortuguc^<: received that Name, and adding an a conveyed It to the teft of Europe. This Empire is feated in the Eaftern Pare of ■■:;ic., having Ta/Yd/ yon the North and North Weft ; The Mo^'ul\ Empire and hidiil extra Cir.i.g^m on the Weft J Touqiiiri and the InJun Sea which flows between 11 and the t'hiilipim Iflands on the South : And the Chiurje Sea that runs between it and Jnpoti on the Eaft. It is a very large Country, extending from the 21 Dcg. of Northern I.atit. to the 41 Deg. But if the Iiland H.itiii:,i, which lyes oij the South of the Province of .QM,i»/;n/»;; b^^ included, ^ Deg. more mult be added, and lu according to MagaiHani ic muft be reckoned from the iSth to the 41 Deg. and as he tells us from the CliincJ-: Books, the length is 'y-^'jo Chinije Furlongs, which makes 1380 Miles. Le Compte reckons it but 450 l-Ve>:ch Leagues, ex- cluding Hiiynun, but agrees with the Maps in the Situation of Cantcn and P^kju, from which he takes his Calculation, and fo the dilferencc is not much : But in its Breadth he is millaken, for he fuppofes the Kingdom to be of a circular Form, and fo gives it near the fame extent that way; wheiea? ic is rather Ok'al, and accotdir.g to ■V.;i'.i;.7..«j but iczo Miles broad, from Simpo in rhc Eait, to the Utmoft Frnntier of Suchucn in the Weft. The old Maps were guilty of a gro!^ niiftake in the Situation of China ; for Father /fCw»/'fc alfure^ us, thatbyexaft Obfervation 'tis found to be 500 Leagues nearer to /wiro/if than they placed It : Another Correftion he gives which is conlidcrablc, vi:^. that the Province of Leaotum is without the Wall, and not included, as the former Maps ufed to make it. The Climate of China, by reafon of its extent, muft needs be different in feveral Parts, but in gene- ral it is Temperate ; for though the Southern Part lye under the "Ttopick, yet the cold Winds that blow over the large Continent of Ta\ury render the Win- ters very cold; and le Compte tells us in the Account of his Journey from J^impu to I'eki"', that the Fioft was very fevere in Janu.try and t'ebruary, fo as to oblige him to lie by till the Ice could be broken for hisPalfage: And Martini fays, the Winters are fc- verely cold for three or four Months. The SOIL produces plenty of Rice, Wheat, Oats, and other Grain, Patture, Cotton, Wax of a pecu- liar fort proceeding from a Tree, whereof Father M.i^ail.'ans gives a particular account, p. 140. and Tallow of the fame kind, which le Compte, Navarette and l{ao defcribe, and fay the Kernel, or rather the Pelp of a Fruit has all the ^Toperties of Tallow : Here are alio Mines of Gold and Silver, but never wrought : Plenty of Cattle, Filh, Fowl, Fruit i of moft of the kinds feen in Europe, befides many others not found here. Of Fruits the Lechia, the Longanc and the Oranges are fingularly Delicious ; and they have Figs, Grapes, Areka-Nut, Anana's, and the reft of the moft delicious of India. For Game they have Bears, wild Boars, Deer, and many others, whofc Fur is a good Commodity : They have Silk alio in vaft quantity, fo as to afford a great Exportation, be- (idcs Cloathing of all kinds to the Natives: And the Earth whereof Porcelanc or China- Ware is made affords them a notable Manufaifturc. To thefe pro- duftions wc muft add from Navarette, Sugar, To- bacco, Linncn, Cloth, Gil extradted from Seeds, Wine extraded from Rice, ami another fort from Qyinccs, Cawphir, Ebony, Sandal Wood, Oaks "Tl" «nd Mr(;."'^t v-m •l.iiu!! yi^ii ''^' \ I'l. 15 1'' 138 CHINA. 11 I I;i ».i(| ,! iii 'I'i: ■il, ''I B'?;! and Pine-Treej, Pit-Coat, Canes, Ginger, China Roor, Rhubarb, the Root Jinfeu, and the Herb Tea fo much efteemed in Bmcfe grows here in nioft plen- tiful Degree. And of Ammals, ticphants, whereof many are bred in Tunniti, Tygcri which are very numerous and fierce, and go about in great Droves, Leopards, Ounces, the Beaft that yields Musk, which hangs in a Bag at its Navel, Horfcs and Swine, belidesfeveralftrange Beads which we have never fcen. There are Eagles, Cranes, Birds of Faradife, Pea- corks, Phcafants, Gcefe and Ducks innumerable, and feveral other Fowl. The Land is fo admirably Cultivated, that not on- ly the Valleys are made as Level as a Bowling-Grecn, but even the Mountains are cut into large Steps, and artificial Plains cut out of the fides of Hills ; which are like TerralTes one above another, and made as Fertil as the Valleys: In other Parts as Xenji, Honan, Q^iantnm and t'okjen, where the Mould is not fo deep, the Mountains bear large Forefis of tall ftrait Trees, which by means of the Rivers they convey in vaft Floats all overthe Empire : Some of their Moun- tains appear in odd fhapes, as one rcprefeius rhcv fay their Idol I'ohi, another a Dragon, another a Cock, Cf. and tofomeof thcfc Mountains they make Rcli- poiis Pilgrimages. I'he RIVERS and artificial Canals of Chin.i are very many, and very commodious, both for wa- tering the Land and carriagcof Goods: thcmoftcon- 'idtrablc whereof are the KJ-"" or the Blcw-River, and the Homnlo or Yellow-River; the Kjam rifes in the Province of Timnan near the Frontiers of the M^h/, and runs quite crofs the Empire from Weft to Eaft, palling through Suchutn, Huqiiam and i\'4»!- ^'"i, and falls into the Sea 30 Leagues below Kjam- nhi, over againft the Ifland Cummin, having made a Conrfe of looo Miles. This River is very deep, even fo as not to be fathomed, and very broad ; but its palfage fomewhat dangerous, and its courfe very Ra{)id. ThcHoambo, Hojnjja or Tc/Zom J^ititrhath its Riic on the Mountains, on the Weft fide of the Pro- vince of 5mc6«w, runs along the Frontiers oiTnrtnrj, Northward, beyond the great Wall flows Eaftward and then enters China, and runs Southward between the Provinces of Xenfi and Xmifi ; then turns Eaft- ward, and paffes through Homn, part of Xantum, and through N^n/^im ; and after a Courfe of 600 1 eagues falls into Sea about 30 leagues North from the Mouth of *(.'<*". the Water of the ^wnfo is al- ways of a Ycliow or red Colour, and not fit to Drink tlH'tis purified. The Gr4f;<<Crt«<j/maydeferve the Name of a confiderable River, for U Compte tells OS it runs quite the length of the Empire, from Pekjn to dnlon. And Mrtgnillnni fays, 'tis 3500 Chineje Furlongs (v»hich anfwers to 840 Miles of 60 to a Degree) in length, and fiirnifhed with 71 Locks or Sluces to retain the Water : This was a Work of vaft Expencc, Art and Labour, and performed by one of the Emperors about 400 Years ago. A multitude of other Rivers and Canals are found here, withlCau- feysand Bridges fuited to theutmoft convenience and facility of Travelling. Alfo a number of Lakes and Hot Fountains, whofe Waters have many peculiar Virruts, fetdownby le Compte, but too long for us to repeat. The INHABITANTS are Ingenious and Indu- firious, as appears by the curious wrought Silks, Cabinets, Porccllain and other Manufadtures, daily brought to i^nropa j by tho admjir«ble Cultiyation of their Land ; and by the many pnblick Works of valt Labour; as the Gr<;ni/ c'dHu/ above mentioned the Great Wall (whereof more hereafter) the ftately Bridges, vaft Sluces in the Canal, the convenient Cauicys on its Banks, the many publick Inns, (jc. And although they had no converfc with Hwvpe or other parts of the World, yet they have for many Ages had the ufc of the Mariner's Coinpal'», Gun- powder and Printing ; are Maikrs of all Sciences (though not to the P';rftdtion that we arc) and pre- fcfs the moft cxaft Morality ; which wis taught by the Philofopher Confucim, abuve joo Years before Clirift, and his Precepts arc fliU iji the highelt Eiteem. The LANGUAGE cX Chifin is peculiar to that Nation, as being different from all others in every rcfpetft ; The Radical Words are Init 333 in Number, every one of whkh is divcrliticd in its Signification five feveral Ways by Accent, and as thefe arc all MonofylJables, they are nbt only variouij joined and made Compounds iiinunictablc, which by the Pronunciation alfo are varied fo I.Ugcly, that this is reputed the raofl copious Language in the World ; In their Writing they begin at the top of the Paper, and make notufe of an Alphabet of i\ Letters as we do, but ufe a vaft number of Hicroglyphical Chara£lers, even S4409, fays MagaiHam, whicii makes the writing their Language cxtreani difficult to learn ; and the nicety of Pronunciation makes it as difficult to Strangers to fpeak, for with a wrong Accent a Word fignifies direftly contrary to vvluc you intend. But though Reading and Writing be difficult, it is univcrfally learnt , and the meaneft People among thcui teach it to thcii; Children. The RELIGION of ChinA is Grofs Idolatry j their God t'ohe, and a multitude of other Idols, arc daily Sacrificed and Prayed to, and abundance of foolilh Legends are part of their Religion . Chrifti- anity begins of late to have fomc Footing, but the Jefuits have been fo complaifant to the Chhie/e that ic is made too much like their own Religion. The GOVERNMENT is the moft regular in t,"^ World ; for though the Emperor be ablblute j T .- bunals and Magiftrates are cnablifhed in inoft t.vad and regular manner for performance of all the 01'- lices of Government. At Pel^im the King with Ins Grand Council of State, compofe the Supreara Tribunal of the Empire ■ Under that arc fix other Superiour Tribunals for Civil, and five for Mihtary Affairs held in the fame City. The particular Buli- finefs of each Tribunal is thus. The tirft has th« Care of furnifhing the Empire with Pcrlons of Me- rit and Capacity fit for Government, to which piu- l-ofe they examine thofc that are to be made Man- dirins, informs the King of the Virtues and De- fects of every one before he be preferred to any Poft in the Government ; take Cognizance of the Condudt and Behaviour of the Mandarins that are employed ; enquire into the Merits of the Petty- Kir- ', Dukes, Princes of the Blood and other Great Loi^s. This Tribunal alfo Seals all judicial Adfs. The fecond Superiour Tribunal has the Care of the Finance, fupervifina the Treafure, Receipts, Reve- nues and Tributes or the King, and pay the Annual Penfions to the Petty-Kings, C?c. This Tribunal alfo keeps the Roll which is made every Year, of «U the Families, ]^en, Mcafure of (-afid, iuid Du> uei pay^lc to bunai has the Arts and Scieni War and Milil the Army and i Magtzines, an< &fih Superiour Dimuul Caul fubordinate Coi die pubhck W the Kings Palac laces of the Ir jwe, the Towi ways, (^c. Ev( fed of a large f jflto feveral Cha difpatch of Bui duvern the An fecond the Left the fourth the ni guard. Subordinate 1 Roy.s in ProviiKi aodfmalJer Ofti Dice to the Pec Peace . And fo ' ment of China, I were not the mi hy Offices and Ji the Peupleof this Earth. The Emperor ; that can be im Miles in Circun the Courts for th( nent alone, is nc ind three quarte many noble Hal domed ; and G at the times that which is four t fouror five thoufa make their Con who are his Court. And ate fo numerous. Army; M.t/(nil/aH. peror's Proccnion offer Sacrifice , •herein the Men, 4 Elephant when be goes abrc of LciKtum or To/ attends him. The HISTOR' bulous Legends m ilie Creation i but Ixgin within two flood, and flitw fimej but theFai dianged, vi^.nt Mmily aicends thi tlxr through Con( be cuu off all tb Ptedeceflbr, by v U'nt Fanily in whofe Merits hav( ^ above 1000 wli r CHINA. uei payable to the King. The third Superior Tri- liunal has the overHahc of Kues and Cercmoiiici, Arti and Sciences. The fourth has the ordering ot War and Military Affairs, gives out Commiirions m the Army and Fket, orders the Levys, ieplciiiaie:> the Msga2ines, and keeps the Garnfoiu in repair. The 6fth Superiour Tribunal u the Court for trying all Ciimuial Caufcs brought hither by Appeals from (iibordinaie Courts. And the fixth has the Care <if (he pubhck Works, fach as building and repairing (be Kings Palaces, the Temples, Sepulchres, the P.i- lices of the Inferior Tribunal!, all over the Ein- pite, the Towers, Bridges, Sluices, Dams, High- ways, G^'". Ever/ one of thcfe Tribunals IS coinpo- (ed of a large Number of Mandarins, and divided into fevcral Chambers or Committees, fur the better liifpatcb of Buiinefs. The five Military Tribunals •uvtrn the Arm>. The firft the Rerc-Guard, the fecond the Left Wing, the third the Right V^'ing, the tourth the main Kutlc, and the hftb the Van- guard. Subordinate to thefe Tribunals, there are Vice- Roys in ProviiKCS, Govcrnours and Judges in Cities, andfaialkr Officers in Towns; for difpeiiiing Ju- Dice to the People, and maintainmg the publick Pace And fo very well contrived is the Govcro- ment of China, that if the Mandarins and Courtiers were not the moft covetous in the World, where- by Offices and Julhce ate conftantly bought and fold ; (he Peoplcof this Country would be ihehappieltonthv Earth. The Emperor appears in the gteateft Magnificence diat can be imagined, his Palace at Ptkjm is fix Miles in CircumfcreiKe ; 'tis true, it comprehends ilie Courts for the Tribunals, but the Royal Apart- nent alone, is not lefs than a Mile and half long, and three quarters of a Mile broad ; wherein are many noble Halls and Chambers magnificently a- dorned ; and Gardens, Canals, Parks, (^<. And at the times that the King makes his appcar.'nce, which i>i four times a Month, he is attended by four or five thoufand Noblemen and Mandarms to make their Court, together with many Petty Kings who are his Valfals, and attend in their turns at Court. And when he goes abroad, hu Attendants are (o numerous, that they would coinpofc a good Army ; MajftiUJanj fets down the Order of the Hm- ptror's Proccflion when he goes out of the Palace to offer Sacrifice, or perform any publick Duty, wherein the Attendants amount to at leart 8000 Men, 4 Elephants, and fevetal Hundreds of Hotfe j when be goes abroad, which is ufually to the Province of leitotum or Taftarj, a Hunting, a vail Army always attends him. The HISTORY of ChinA is very Ancient, the Fa- bulous Legends make it many thoufand Yeats before the Creation ; but thofe Hiiloticsthat may be credited, begin within two ot three Hundred Years after the Flood, and fltcw a SuccclTion of Monarchs to this time; but the Families ofthe Kings have been often changed, vi^-ii times ; and when a Princeof a New Family afcends the Throne (which has happened ei- ther through Conqucft, Mifgovernment, or the like; he cuu off all the Nobility and Creatures of bis Ptedeceffor, by which means there is no very an- citnt Faniiy in China, except that of CoMf'ucim, whofe Merits have made hit Pofterity be reverenced fbt above lose Years. In euf Ag« haa happened i39 fuch a Change, for in the Year 164$. the Eaflcrn Tiirian under Xuncbi fcized the Government, of whirh wcfhaJllpcak more by and by. This muft neceflTa- rilyhavecaufcd fome alteration in the Government { but the methods of it were To regular and well efta- bluhed, that the T/irtm permitted it to remain, amt made fo little change, that except that Pel^im is poffeffed by Ttitran, and that Nation guards tbe FortrelTes, China is juft as it was under the formet Princes. For the better (hewing the Strength and Populouf- nels of this Kingdom, "we will let down the num- ber of Cities, Fbrtreffes, <3f. as we find them in Father Ma^itsUmi Hiftory of China, which he took out of a Bjok compofed by a Learned Mandarin fot the ufeof the Government. But firft ofthe Great Wall, which is indeed a moft ftupendious Work. It is many Yards thick, and exceeding hijjhj built of Brick cemented by fo good Mortar, that though it bt 1 800 Yeats old, it is not at all decayed. It was built by the Emperor Chihohamti, and as Tradition reports, was finilhed in five Years, againft the In- curlions of the lartAri ; it begins at Cancbeu in Xenfi in the Weft, and is carrytd on over Mountains as well as Valleyi, to the Cting-Hea, between the two Provinces I'fi^im and tMorum in the Eaft j 405 Per. "'g"'\t Leagues in length, without accounting for Turnings, fays Mj^-i///,i//j ; or 500 Leagues, allow- ing for the Windings, favs It djinpte ; it is all a- long tbnificd with Itrong Towers at reafonable di- Itance, to the number ot 3000, and in the time of the Cbinejt Monarchs, a Million of Soldiers were maintained for its Guard. The number of Walled Towns in C/Mort are 4401, divided into the Orders of Civil and Military. The Gvil are 2045. whtreof of the firft Rank 175, of the fecond Rank 270, of the third Rank 1 600. The Military Cities arc iljo, whereof Foitrefles of the firft Rank 619, of the fecond 560, of the third 311, of the fourth jeo, of tbe fifth I Jo, of tbe (ixth 1 00, and ofthe feventh Degree 300. thefe laft are fmalJ Forts in the Fields near the Fronticrsof Tartary, and on the Mountains, againft Thieves and Robbers, in Xenfi and Xen/i efpe- cially where the very Soldiers are apt to Pillage. The nuitibet of Cities in the whole Empire art fcyenteen hundred, fays Dionyf. Kjti>. The numbei of Cities and Towns according to tie.vtrette are thus, 148 Cities of the firll Rank called Fu, 239 of the fecond Rank called Cheu, 1 1 49 of the third Rank named Hitu ; 1 1 Cities of Soldiers where thofe Mi- litary Men live, who have Lands Alfigncd for their Maintainance, 493 Caftleson the Sea Coaft, ivhere- of fome are extream large and populous, 191 o Bo- roughs on the Coall, equivalent to Towns, as the Ca- ftlcs ate to Cities. And the Boroughs and Villages all round the Country are innumerable, and exceeding Populous. Le Comfte fiys, there are 1 000 Fortreil^i of the firft Rank, but -hat the reft are net centidera- ble ; the Fortified Towns (except on the Frontiers of Taitai/) being ftronger than others only in Situation and Garrifon. Note, in this Account many Citie« are included that pay no Tribute to the Emptror, bat are Governed by their own Lords or Petty Kings, whereof here are 31 that arc independent of the Court, except in Homage, &'. The number of Fa- milies in the Kingdom ( extliding SoWiers, Womenj Children, and all that don't pay Taxes) is reckoned 11)01871, and including the Army and otfaen, th« Numberof Males is ;9788364. The Army esnfift* T a af ■i« •■\^ . ^ a HO CHINA. •Il: 1 of 901054 to (?u»rd the Frontiers, with 989167 Hor- fes always ready for Auxiliary Forces; «iid 76797° Men in Gitrifons, but the greater part ot thefc have other Occupations, and inough lifted is Soldiers, txercife their refpedlive Trades. Other Horresmain- tained by the King for his Troops, or for Polts and McfTcngeri on publick Occafions, S64900. Publick Inns or Places of Entertainment for the Mandarins and others that Travel 00 the King's account, con- veniently feated all o\cr the Empire, ti4V Large litrks conftantly employed in fjringing Provilioiu, Silks and Neceflaries ftom the Southern Provinces to the Court at Pr V". 9999- ^^^^ ^i" ""^ "'^'^ ""°" fher, becaufc this makes a greater found than ten thoufand would. There are 331 famous Bridges ovet the Rivers, not much inferior to that I have ipokf n ofj fays my Author, and that he tells us is buiit of White Marble ioo Geometrical Paces (on^; .vni 8 broad, fupportcd by n Arches, exceeding well wrought with 140 Marble Pillars upon it, luhofe intcr'fticcs arc filled with Tables of Marble and fcrve as a Rail ; fevcral other Ornaments to it of Matblc Carvings he defcribcs, too long here to men- tion. Not far from this Bridge there is another of 25 Archcj, of admirable Sttudlure alfo. Both thcfe arc in the Province of PcJtim, and the former of them which had flood looo Years, was broke down in the Yfar 1688. by an Inundation. The lame Author tells us there arc 171 publick Libraries, a vaft number ot Dodors and Men of Learning ; j^oooo Bonzi's or Friflts; and jo-jfi Men and 208 Women remcmbcr'd in their Calendar as Heroes and Saints. Hiving thus given youthe general view of China (lomMi^^aillitnsanAleCompte, we will now for more particular information inlargc a little out of Navarette, Dionifm, KjtoinA others. Cbinn, is fo exceeding Populous fays K'o, that tbcy are not to be reckoned by Thoufands but Mil- lions, for not only the Cities, but even the Towns . M\A Villages arc crowded with Inhabitants, and the Ri.ads as well as Street^; are continually full of P.-if- fcnger.s 'Tis contiilcntly averred by the Inhabi- tants, and even believed by the Jefuits, that there aie not leA than eight Millions of Souls in KJanmiii, <lie Capital of Saml^in; and although that be reck- oned the larecft City, yet there arc many others that might be thought the biggeft in the World. The buildings in the Cities ;'as tar as 1 can learn from 'I'ravcilersj ate of Bnck neat and well adorned, but 'Uv Houles arc not high, being of one or but two ■Stories at moft, and yet one Houfc ordinarily entertains thtce or four j nay, fomctimes five or fix Families. The Streets arc ulually fair and (Iraight, and the publick Buildings (lately enough : in every principal City there is a Palace, for the Vice-Roy, vjovernour or Mandarin, a publick Inn for thofe that Travel on the Kings account, and as Navarette fays, there is in every Metropolis one Tower of nine Story 'high, and another ot fevcn ; which feems to be tinly for Ornament, or at moft to afford a view from it of the adjacent Country : that at NamJ(ii which is Crufted with Porcelain, is very beauti- ful and fpokcn of by all Travellers. The People in their Temper are addi£led to Study, Trade, Mechanick Arts and Induftry in general, .wherein Cheating may be included. But are no ways to be afplaudtdfor Courage; the Armies have always been large, no lefs than a Million being em- ployed in guarding the great Wall, and perhaps dou- Lle that Number elfewhere were kept in Pay, but yet in all the quarrels with thcTnrtars, they were never able to do more than defend their own Countrey. They are excclfivc vain, and cftccm thcmfelvci the only wife People in the Univcrfc. They arc wonderfully ceremonious in their Vifits .iiid Com- plement', the form of a Vifu is fct down by iVct/j. rcitf, Kj'D and others, but is ■ -o tcdiciis to rcpcic here. And as ihofc Authors tei, us, the civility is fo univcrfal, that even Villages and Boors are Maitcrs of it. The ("iteat Men are fond of Learning, and value themfclvcs much upon Knowledge, which is fo far imitated by the lower Degrees, that even the Tradefmen have ever a Book before them at Icifure Hours. The Merchants are acivil fort of People, and arc ready to Deal upon the leart Profit, rather than loofe a Cuftomer. Formerly they were forbid to Trade to Foreign Parts, but Covctoufncfs has over- come that law, and the dcfire of Wealth, which reigna with the Cliinefc to the laft Degree, makes them purchafe LiccnI'c to go to Jupnn, the Phi^ipim Iflands, Syitm, Hntf.via and other Neiglibourini; Countries.The Mcchantcks arc ingenious and perform curious Works, befidcs all the common Arts foi making Utcniils ; thcv have thoufands of pretty Toy?, more curioufly wrought than wc ran imagine. The wrought Silks, Cabinets and Porcelain, arc fuf- ficient Proofs to us at this great diftance, that they are no bunglers, except in Painting. The Husbatid- men are mightily extolled by Snvniettc for their Care, Induftry and Neatnefs, their Lands are fully cuhivated, and their Grounds kept clean from Wccdj. The Soil ii fo good, that in molt parts they have two Crops of Rice, one in June, and the other in Dc- cember, befidcs a Crop of Vetches, Beans, Wheat or other Grain between ; the Humane as well as all 0- ther Dung is daily colledlcd in Tubs in all the Cities, by Perfons who make a livelihood of felling it to the Peafants. I find Lands arc enjoyed in Property here, not at the difpolal of the Prince as in Indiit, for N*!- vnrctte tells us , the Husbandmen are generally but poor People, who Farm the Land of the Ixjvd, at the rate of half the Crop, out of which the Landlord pays the Taxes, as the Tenant out of his hall, pays the Tillage and M.inure. As to the Learning and Virtue of the Chimfis, 1 do not find reafun to extol them, fo much ,is Sir H'iUi.im Temple .ind fonie of the Jefuits wouli have us ; their Science is certainly very Superficial, for all the deep parts of Learning, and fo thorough a Knowledge of things, as is necellary to afcertain Truth they are utter Strangers to. And as to their Virtue, I do not find by thole very Icfuits, but that it confifts more in Speculation than Pradticc. The Morals of Ccnfuciui they brag much otf, srd theirHiftories arefull ofinflanccs of the great Vir- tue of their Prince*, Mandarins, &c. whereof N«- vaiette has made a large Colledlion, but many of them are Hyperbolical, and give rcafon enough to fufpetft, that rofterity made thofe fine Stories of their Anceffors. 'Tis true, there is a Face of much Virtue and cxad Juftiae in the Adminidration of their Government, and in the difpofing of Offices, and yet for all that, Ic Compte tells us, the great ones are the moft covetous Men in the World, and do nothing mthout Bribery. And that the leffer Ranks arefo much addided to Cheating, that they deceive your very fight, and deliver painted Blocks to the buyers for Hams of Bacons, and Chelfs filled with Brick-bracks inftead of Porcelain. That their inven- tion C H I N J. tior. and Genius is not over penetrating, appears plainly from the one nutabic inftancc of the multi- tude of CharaiiK'rs they ule in Writing, which as wc have laid arc S4409 tn Numlicr, whereby the Know- ledge of fhem is made the Study of a Life almoll. Now to fay nothing of the inronvcnicncc, how much Icfs ingenious is that than ihc manner of F.u- repe/ins, who by 14 or rather i6Charadlfrsonly, arc able to exprefs all manner of Words that can be pro- nourKcd. The Chineje differ from the other Afntkkj in this, that they ufe Chairsand lie noton the Ground ; and have fine Beds and Couches They arc exrel- lively guilty of Gaming, wherein they fpend whoie Days, and loofc immcnic Sums. At Fcait^ the Tabks arc plentifully fpread with Muiruudcs of Diflies, wherein Oogs Flelh among others IS a common Food. They ufe no Knives, Fnrks or Napkins, I ut the Meat being ferved up in finall Morfcis, a pair of fmall Sticks ot Wood or Fvoryisgiu'n toevery one, with which hcFeedshim- fclf, without touching the Meat with his Fingers, and they do this with great Dexterity. They Aft'cdl a fcrious gravity at Table, and arcfcldoin '.iuoxica- ted, although the Cup goes briskly round, for there is but little tilled at a time, and withal the Wine is fmall- At Feafts 'tis ordinary to entertain thcGuclh with Tumblers and Sports, and the lietter fort give a Play, which is Adecl before them, by Setts of Play- ers, who arc ready at call, and prefent a Collcilioii of Comedies and Farces, out of which the principal Gueft choofes that he likes, but 'tis cultomary for the Gueft to make a prefent to the Players. In Marriage the Ceremonies and Pomp are great ; the young couple are joined without previous Acquaintance, the bargain being made by the Pa- rents, wherein Prefents are made on both fides but the Bride brings no Dower, the Husband rather pur- chafing his Wife. The Wives ate fecluded from the fight of all Men, but their own Husbands, and are Divorced upon Mifdeameanuur. The Men com- monly kicp Concubinis. but the Wife is Miftrcfs of the Family, and Uicfc muft fcrve lur. The Women in general never appear in the Streets, and in palfing from place to place, ate always conveyed in covered Coaches or Sedans. Funernl Solcmnitiei arc alfo Pompous, and the Mournings very long and fcvere. Children at the Death of^a Parent arc not permitted the ule of a Bed for an hundred Days, during all which time, they lye on the Earth with Teats, lamenting their lofs ■ They are forbid Matrimonial enjoyment for three Years, and fhut upthemfelves from all Converfation for at leaft one whole Year. A Wife keeps a rigid Mourning three Years for her Husband, and a Husband one Year for his Wife, which is alfo the u- fual Term of Mourning for other Relations. The Piety of Children of this kind is very great, and even the Emperor himfelf excvcifcd it in the moft Rigid manner at the Death of his Grandmother, whofe Funeral is particularly defcribcd by Father Bouvet. Many Feftiv/ili are obferved in Chiv/t, that. of the New Year, and the other called the Lantern Feift, at the Full Moon after it, are the chief. Atthofe times there is the utraoft jollity for three D.iys together ; and in the latter all the Houfes are illuminated with Candles in wonderful fine Lanterns, vi/hcrein every one cndoavouring to exceed bit Ncighboui, they make « very fine (how. 141 ving Altho' the Cliineff, according to the Divftrinc of the Venerable Cnnfi.ciui, believe in one God the Cre- ator of the World, and acknowledge .1 Future .Srate, yet the IdoKitry of Indi.t has been long fmcc intro- duced among them, and they pay as much Wor- Ihip to the hideous Imngesthey fet up, and believe as ridiculous Legends as the MUm do. Tis true, this is reckoned but a Seft of them, but then that Sedisfo numerous, that their Temples appear in all parts of the Empire, infumuch that a Stranger can judge no lefs, than that it is the National Reli- gion. Mahometijm is alfo fpread among them, and tis judtjed there arc not lefs than 500 thoufand of that Opinion in Clmi. And the number of Chrifti- ans is very confiderable, for as /.' Compte alTures us, there are above 100 Churches and Chappels Confe- craied, and there are Annually baptized above 4000 Children. And Kjto computes, that the number of Chriftians is at leaft loo thoufand. The prefent (if he be ftill living) Emperor Chiang, has been very in- dulgent to them, and publilhed'an Edidt in 1692, whereby free Liberty was given to any one of his SubjetJls to embrace the Faitli, and be Bap- tized. Fci-Ui and not Vitat, as fome relate, was the Name of the firft King of China, whofe Reign their Chro- nology reckons to be above 4500 Years ago. Dur- ing all which time, there hasbeen a Succcdion of the Gnvcrnireut under 12 Families, who produced 2j8 Emperors. The prefent Prince is of a Tijrr.ir Family. De- fcended from XunM, who obtained the Crown of China, in the Year 1645. in the followii manner. S^ungchi, the Reigning Emperor at that time, had lived a Supine and Lazy Life in the Palace, furround- ed by Eunuchs and Women, and left the Govern- ment ro the fole Management of others. Whereby a general Defedion was bred in the minds of his Subjetfts, andaRebelor Robber as Kwarette calls him, who fet himfelf up, grew formidable e- nough to overthrow the Government. This Rebels Name was Lichuant ; he began his Rebellion in Xen/i which Province he loon made himfelf Mafter of, and thereby encreafing his Forces, overpowred other Pro- vinces,and was advanced almoft to thcWallsof/H'OT, before the Emperor ever heard of him. The PufiUa- nimous Emperor was fo frighted at the Danger, that he never attempted tooppole it, but having firft killed his Wife and Children, retired into the innermoft part of the Palace, and hanged himfelf on a Tree. Whereby the Conqueror had free Accfs, and imme- diately feized all the Wealth oft he Pj lace j v»hich was fo very great, that although he en ployed Horfes , Carts, Camels and all means of Carriiige, hcwasfivc Days, fome fay eight, in carrying off tiic Goid, Sil- ver, Jewels, an(» ?, 'aluable Goods, and y;' left a greiit Wealth \p ' .eafury, which the Tartf af- terwards feized. »..t/-j/4n^ had thereby Polfefliwi of the Government. But giddy with Power, he ufcd it Unskilfully, as well as Tyrannically ; for he put di- vers of the Nobility to Tormenting Deaths: and a- mong the reft,the Father of Oufangtii, the Crown Ge- neral,becaufe the Son, who at that time commanded at the Great Wall, would not not come into his Party. This fo enraged the General, that he refolved to Re- venge it, antl at any rate to pull down this Tyrant. OttfaHgtit, • -V^.J- !. 'I til ■ ' '111 '• \W\:i :;;*. t '' in 142 CHINA I" 1 ■ OuJaHitii, Zfitigiii or yii-Sj>'(juei, for by all tlicfe Nan-es ituHl hifli written, in purfiiing his Revenge and in cnJcavouriug to rclcafc his Country from Sla- very, coiDmutcdtbcgieaicn piece of falfe Policy that couitJ br, for lo adure bimfeif of Force enough, lie invitcil till: \,vi£n {ion\Lcaiitum to AiCft hini ; thcle were the old Enemia of China, and therefore (houlJ ncvir have been introduced, but Rcveii{{c overcome Policy, andibc Geocral brou(sli( >n 7 or iooo'Unari (o Rcmfotco bis Army : and with chem attacking the IJdiiper, obtained fo Signal a Vidory, ihu Lichuang who fled to I't V'", lud only time to carry off his belt Effcdi and fet Fire to the Falacc, and then HcJ to the reisotcr Provinces. The (Jencral unwiftly left the T.irrjM at I'ek^iw, andhimfelf purfued the Enemy, but returning Vidutiou.>, was futprized to find the Tj)f4/ on the Throne. Xumhi, the Commander of the 'Titnar Army, was in his fitft Eftatc Prince of a Nation of Eaftern Tnr- t*ri called Mamichemi. This PriiKe finding Cliina in fo dillrafled a Sute, and himfelf in Pofliffion of the Capital Ciiy and Palace, and having as we luppofe Rcinfoued hi'; Army by luppljes {lomTaria- >;■, was tcinptcd to fet up for Emperor, and accord- ingly fo declared himfelf. And to mike the General raf), )!a^e him the Province of Tunncn, with theTi- ileoi King. He was fain to Temporize, and accept <i{ it for the prefciit, but after a few Years time, he let up a^.iinf) the I'.aM', and took upon himfelf the Title of Emperor, by the Name of yU Singqucii. He maiiiraincd lOng and vigorous War, and conquered half thc£mpire ; but after his Death the Stream turned the other way, jind the Tinrnr in fojne Years reduced all the Kingdom to his Obedience, ?.nd put all the Children and Relations of Vjanguci to Death. XiinJji, the ftrfi Emperor of the prefent Tartar Race, cn)0>ed not many Years the Ttuooe of China, but Dying, left his Son of fix Yews old to the Pro- te>5fion of his Brother /tmnvMi ; that Prince coura- giouily reduced the Provinces, while hi.s Nephew was ihll a Mtnut, and then honourably delivered him the Empire alfcon as he came to Age. c.IumM, or .\/.r.f/,i H. as others write it, as that Emperor was named, enjoyed the Crown not many Yeats after, for be Dyed iu i66i. leavit^ his Soil Changi z Mi- nor, of but eight Years of Age. The former part of this Princes Reign was iroublefome in Wars and Civil Conimotions, but he had the good Fcuttune to fur- inonnc them all, and Reigned Peaceably when our Uli Adv ices came from thence. His Son and Heir it named llvaigfjjijf, and was a hopeful Gentleman at i8 Years of Age. He may peihaps be jiow on the Throne, for our lafl AccQuni; are at kaft i o Yewt old. Of tbe Splendor this &^iucb a|>{>eais in, and of the form of bis Government we have already fpoken, and ne>;d only add out of Navt/cite that the Petty Kings who attend him, lib often mentioned by le Conif/c, arc mo/ljy Titular only, and have no Do- minion. And that the Emperor keeps 6000 Horfesia his Stab'cs and 24 Elephanu. But liiac the Guard of ^ Palace is oop fo large as 10000 Men isconunonly reported. And having now we think given our Reader ai largo a view of Lbim in gemraiashe can txotiQi, we tfiail proceed to (he particular Ocfciiptiop of its Pio- vinces. C H I N A is divided into 1 % Province}, whidi from North CO South appear thus. Chief Cities according to Di<m)f.K/u. PEKIM. XANTUM or XANTUNG. XANSI. XENSI. HONAN. NANGKING. CHEKIAM. KIAMSI. HUQ.UAM. SUCHOEN. QUEICHEU. YUNNAN. QUAMSI. FOKIEN. (Pekim or Xuntien. ^Junging. Chindini. (Jiu$4mfiHt, &C. (S^inan. Juncheu. ^ungchnng- Cincheii, iTtHlchti. Laichcu. Ihajni. Pmiti. npani, &C. {Silan. ^unnint, Hangchunt, &C. iSchaifuni. Quimt, iHinite, &c. (N/ingking Or Kjamnin. i^uclme or Chieuchtn. (I^iendieu, 8(c. fUamcheu. Nimpe. yUcheii, *C. {NanchanC- Kji'cheu, Nanbant, kc. {yiichant, Hanjani^ Huanicheu. JCbinti Xunli! ^tan. iQu'yang. Gangxun", ^J'ui'ven, &c. tTumnn. Quontfi. Xl^aihoa, &c. » Qutin^ditu or Canton, jNan^iang, 8:c. S Hainan Ifland. l.Vacao Ifland. fFochtii. ^livcmheu'. \uinghoa, OK. \Quemoj IlUnd, CFornu/a Ifland. LEAOTUM. {Jg;L.'^:j^ COREAIllind jrK/M'. Pi^tong. { Hienkitu, &C. PEKIM or Pekin>„ the chief Province ofthe Empire at prefeat, as beirgtk* feat of the Monarch, is the moilN. Pan of Cjm within the great Wall, bound- ed on the North )y that Walt, which divides it from Tartar;/, on tbe£;>uth by the Province of Honan, on tbe Eaft by the Cuipli urBay called the Cani'Sea, on the South Eafl by tbe Province of Xantum, on tbe Weft by the Province of Xanfi. In which fitua- tiqn it extends from the 36ih to the 41 D(g> of Lat. Tile ^e Land is ( Barren, by R Sandy Plains. the Winter, i Dry North ' Tartar;/, that time to Heat ninefmallerPi (Jriifli Depend the adjundlof have the Title Cities bear th( ons are obferv The firll whicl liom, is Ptk}n>, or '.i Name of the < the former bci has refidcd hen diftindlion froi whence the Ri 300 Years ago, belides Suburb; may be now ca Jy iiiliahited b) Race of Kiuj^i it and driven c joining on thi Clineje. 1 he and Populoufnt knowledge it e: built that canbi and the Streets and fo crofs wa middle, and i long, and abov the Suburbs an< Square or 14 thick and high diOanccs, and c dry Ditch : Tl the South, and are very large, pearing like Ca and on the Sout ther very largt The Chineje Ci' to theTrtrf^rC on the Weft, it with Walls and alfo lie in Pai ways; So that Cities and thee edatlea(t25 N Cities are low, with glazed Ti though the Fur neat enough. and all NcccfT the only Incon which makes t! ftyin theSumn palling to and flreat Men ha^ to make way : nf Inhabitants i incredible, if v the Court and ', vail Empire, it Oficers and \, CHINA. ^e Land is Champaign and Arabic, buc fomewluc Barren, by Krafon of much gravelly Soil aod fomc Sandy Plains. The Air is Healthy but very cold in the Winter, for ic is fo cifedlually chilled by the Dry North Wind, corning over the vaft Land of TaiiJ'y, that tlic Sun has not force enough at that time to Heat it. This Province is fubdivided into nine fmaller Provinces, ot great Cities with the Di- flriilli Dependant on them; tbefe large Cities bear ihe adjundlof t.i, a fecond Rankfiibordinate to them have the Title t'i CLtu, and a third Rank of fmallcr Cities bear the Surname of Him. Which Appellati- ons arc obferved in all the Provinces of the tmpiic. The firit which is aifo the principal City of theKtng- iom, is Pck't", or :iiintien-Fii which is the ancient and true Kame of the City, and (ignifies Obedifnt to lie/ivm, the former being made ufe of only (incc the King has refided h*rc, and (ignifies the Northern Com r, in diftiniftion froin A'dni^iw^ the Southern Cfmt, from whence the Royal Scat was removed hither, about 300 Years ago. Peliitn confifts of two larpc Cities, bdidcs Suburbs, that is to fay, the Old City, which may be now called the Tartar City, bccaufe it is whol- ly inhabited by that Nation, who ever fince the T/ir/jr Rare of Kin;?s have polfelTed the Throne, have filled it and driven out the Chinrfe: and the new City ad- joining on the South lidc to the old built for the Clineje, 1 he whole makes a I'lacc of that Extent and Populoufnefs, that the h'rench Millioiarics ac- knowledge it exceeds I't'is, and is the moft regularly built that can be imagined, being an cxadl Square ; and the Streets in Parallel Lines from North to South, and fo crofs ways j the Emperor's Court ftands in the middle, and is an oblong Square of two Miles long, and above a Mile broad : The old City befldeg the Suburbs and the Chinrfe City, is about a League Square or 14 Miles about, furroundcd with very thick and high Walls, befet with Towers at fniall diftanccs, and entrenched with a very broad and deep dry Ditch : The Gates are nine in number, three on the South, and two on each of the other fides j and arc very large, high and magnificent Structures, ap- pearing like Caftles : At each Gate there is a Suburb, and on the South fide the Chinrfe Ciiy, which is ano- ther very large Town of a Mile and half Square ; The Chlneje City joins in a manner, on the North fidf to the T(ir/4rOty, and on the other fides, efpccially on the Weft, it has large Suburbs. It is farrounded with Walls and has fevcn Gates. The Streets here alfo lie in Parallel Lines quite erofs the City both ways: So that upon the whole, confidering thctwo Cities and the many Suburbs, I'rkim mzy be reckon- ed at leaft 25 Miles in Compafs ; The Houfes in both Cities are low, but well built of Brick, and covered with glazed Tiles, which glitter with the Sun : and though the Furniture be ordinary, they are generally neat enough. The Streets are tilled with Shops, and all l^-cefTaries are every where to be bought ; the only Inconvenience is, that they arc not paved, which makes them very dirty in the Winter, and du- fty in iheSummer. The Croud of People continually palTingto and fro is fo grear, that the Mandarins aod Great Men hav ordinarily a Servant riding before to make way: Vizherle Comfte judges the number of Inhabitants arc two Millions. This is iwt at all incredible, if wc conlider that this being the Seat of the Court and Suprcam Tribnnals which Govern this vail Empire, it muit needs be continually filled with Oficrrs and other Attendants on AfTaiis of Stat% H3 I aw or other Bufinels. But that which is more fur- prizing is, that Hamcheu and many other Cities are near as large and populous as this, and Sjiil^ing much more large. And that, as Father le Comftc ixpreflc* it, One is hardly out of a City which one would think the largcft in the Kingdom, but you are in another as large ; fo opulent and numerous are the Cities of Chinn. This City is fcated in a Plain, near the Fooi of the Mountains, in the 40th Dej^. of Lat. at the diftinccof 100 Miles to the South irom the lo much cflebrawd Wall of Chirirt, and 70 from the Gulph of \aiik<"g- The Walls arc of fo great a Breadth, that twelve Horfcs may run a-brcaft, on rhe top ( f them J built of Back, upon a Foundation of hiip« Stones, and arefaid to exceed in heighih thofeol iln; moft conlidcrablc Places in /;m>^^s; a \aftGarrifoii is coiiftantly maintained for their Defence; and the Guards ftridtly kept in time of Peace as War. All manner of Rarities, Merchandizti and Treafures of the Indlei are tranfported hither ; fo that every thing is cheap, noiwiihltanding the vaft Multitude ot the Inhabitants. Several thoufandsot Ruyal Ships, bc- fidesthofcof private Perfons arc continually eniploy- td in furnifhing this Court with all forts of Provifi- ons nccclfary tor the fupport of Hainan I ifc, or for Pleafure And the whole Work is performed with a great deal of cafe, by the means ot the Rivers and Channels which thcChittiJcj have every where made Nsvigable. Iniomuch, that although this City ftands in a Barren and Dcfart Country, yet it may well bf ftyled The Coiniicepia of Ch\ni; wBich undoubt- edly gave rife to a Proverb among them, That ai nc- ■ '<ir.^ grovts in Pekim, Jo neither is an;/ thing wanting. 1 he other chief Cities of this Province are Jun- Sing-Fii, which hath 6 other Cities under her Com- mand. Cljindint-Fu, which prcfidesovcr 16 Cities. iiuoamp$ng-Fny whofe Jurifdiaion reaches over 6 Ci- ties. Thiemming-Fu, ischiefof Jl Cities. Funning- Fii, which Roverns 6 Cities. Hokirn.Fu 7. Pacding- Fu I o. and Xuntc-Fu hath 9 inferior Cities. All thefe eight arc large and populous Cities, .ind 1 6 of the others are of the fecond Rank called ( heu, which according to the common accounts are ac Icaft equal to the belt of our Towns. XANTUM or Xantimg, i$ the next Province to Peliim on the South Eaft, having the Sea Coaft on the North and Eaft, Pekim on the Weft, and Nan^l^iH on the South, its Extent is about 200 Miles from Eaft to Weft, and 150 from North to South. The Latii. between 36 and 39. The Soil is fo fenil in Corn and Fruits, that one Years Crop is fufficien: for fcveral Years Food. Pulfe, Filh and Cattle ate alfo plenty, and Silk is found here in great quantity. This Province is much infefted with Robbers, who herd together in great Bodies. Six great Cities di- vide it into fo many parts, under whom are i 5 of the Cities called Cheu, and 89 of the Icffer Raiik called f/fVn. The fix principal ones are as follows. j^inan-Fu. which hath under its Jtirifdiiflion 4 leffer called Clieii, and 1 6 of thofc named Hic», and thofe have yet 10 more under their Diredtion. Jirw- cheu-Fu, which hath 14 of Cheu, and 13 of Hien under his Jurifdidtion. Tungchang-Fu, which prcCdes over three Cities of Cheu and 1 5 of Hint. Cincbeu- Fu hath 14 Cities Chcuzni 14 Him fubordinatc to it. Tengcbeu-Fii, has the Government of ore City denominated Cheu, and 7 of thofe called Hien. And Laicheu-Fu, which hath Dominion over two Cities Cheu, and fevcn of Hien. There are many fmall Iflandi ■fi 'f'%'^ 'm '. m- mi 'it • ' 'I ,- li! 1 1; "ii Iflands on the Coaft that are reckoned part of this Province, the principal whereof are named Fcnxv, \amucn and lenhcng. The Rivet Luen which rhey pretepd has mitaculous Virtues runs thro' this Pro- vince. The Province of XANSI lyes on the Weft of Ptkjm, extending from the great Wall on the North to the Frontiers of Honan on the South, having the River Hcang or Yellow River on the Weft, whicli divides it from Xcnfi. According to Dion-/]. Km, this River iioung runs throuj,'n the middle of this Province, and not Coaft its Bounds, as the Maps ic- preftnt it. The Country here is very Mountainous, mdyet theSoilisFettil, producing cfpecially plenty of delicious Grapes. The Airis healthy, and the In- habitants numerous. Six large Cities of thefort £1:- nominated F«, may be faiJ to divide it into fo many part?, rhcfe are Thayen-Fu, Pame-Fu, Pinglang-Fii, SUgiti.g-Fii, I'liiicleh-Fu and Taiting-Fu. Subordinate to wihich are eleven Cities fiirnamed Cbeu and 95 Hien On the Weft of Xanf, lyes XENSI, the Jargeft Province oiCLiria, and hadformerly three Viceroys, although now but one. It extends from thcji Deg, of l.atit. to the great Wall, having Titrtary on the Weft and Nurth, and Suchutn on the South ; .ind ac- cording to A^.10 is 400 Miles long, and 3^0 broad. ThcSoilhere is very Fertile, the Pafturi-j elpccially prr .jce \aft Herds of Kinc, and large Flocks of Sheep J the Creature alfo that yields Musk is found in this Country. But here is frequent want of Rain antl Locufts much iiifeft the Land. This Province adjoining to Thibtt which extends to the MoguCt F.mpire, there is an intcrcourfc and commerce with the Merchants of thofc Countries at its City Zjtn- iii'ig, which makes that a place of great Trade. And by this Commerce it fcems the Mahometan Reli- gion has crept into Chiiij, and fpread about in all its parts. In iliis Province are tight large Cities, vvhich have 1 16 fmaller under their Jurifdidion. The Names of the fix principal ones iTeSigati-l'ii, a very large and fine City, even three Leagues in Circumfe- rence as fomc Authors report, furrounded with Walls, Ditches aitd Bulwarks and guarded by a large Gar- tifoii of T(»»-/ciSoldieis. (Near this City there is abundance cf Salt Earth, which being boiled yields a Noiy good white Salt : and at a Town not far from it. the ! and after Rain Spews forth a 1-ioth, which is an eiccllent Soap : the fame Ground yields alfo Salt and S;iit pctie. {S-tviiciic'i Ilai:ehiiiit-Fii, FiwgiMg^-Fii, l'iiiiliai,i-Fii, I.inxiii-Fu, l''tchang- Fi/ , Hingttng-Fu, .ind Siiigiin-hi. In the Year 1615. there was dug up neai .9/h^jm-Fu a Monumental MaibleTable. 10 Foot loni} and ^ Foot 1 road, on the top whereof was en- graven a Crofs, and below it an Infcription, partly inC'iMf/'Charaders, and partly in S;r/4i;(;, wherein the Mcllias is mentioned, importing that an Angrl brought the tidings of his coming, and that Olopouen came from Jutiti:, and preached in China, where he was favoured by the then Emperor, &c. the Copy of this Infcription is extant in Kj> dm' s China iliuftrf.tn, and the Story told at large by le Compte. 'Tis faid, this Monument is prelcrved in a Pagode made b) the Emperors Command, ar.d is made ufe of by fnme, as an Argument to prove that St. Thtmut pleached bete. CHINA The Province of HONAN iycg between Xanf, mi Pet{im on the North, Senji on the Weft, anj ,v.,„,/,,„ onthcEaft, between the Lat. of j? and ^7. This is reckoned the middle of China ; the Soil is a flat Land well watered with Rivulets, and Is ^ cry fruit- ful in Rice and other Corn, the Air temperate and the whole Country fo abounding with delightful plenty of all things, as to be efteemed a Paradilc. And was therefore fome time honoured with the Royal prefencp at Schaifung-Fu which is the Capital of the Province ; the old" City was dcftroyed by an Inundation, occafionedby cutting tlic Banksof ilis Hoang 10 remove the Rebeli-i'/jM/sn^i and the new one is built oppolite to it, befideschis, there are levcn other Citie"!, which have Jurifdidiori over il3 fmaller Cities and great Towns ; thole ieven are Q^iinte-Fy, Hinde-Fu, Jecfc-Fu, ynkin^-l-u, Ihncnt- Fii, Kining-Fu, and Hoj/tng-Fu. NAN(j1NG or Namkjn, which lyes on the South Eaft of the Provinces we have palfed through was funiicrly the firft, and is ftill the fccond in Kai;k of all the Provinces of the Kingdom, it is a large Country, cxtendini; from the 30 to the -^i, Dcg. ct Latit. On the Eaft the whole Coaft isw.ilhcJ by •he Sea, the Northern part whereof is a Bay nia.ic by this Ifland Corca, and Deiioniiiiated tloin tli;s Province. The KJai^: River, whi^h as we have tolj you, is one of the great Rivers of C/.j».<, n:nsthio' the iniddleof the Province, and having walhtd the Walls of Kjainnin, Hows Eaftward, ,!;;d talis mio the Sea about 150 Miles below it. And alio the Hoang, another of the principal Rivers palllsihroiigh the North part, and falls into the Bay of h^.ml;in. The South panof this Province is Mountainous, Ljc the reft is fruitful Champaign, abounding with Silk. Theconvcnienceofthe two Rivei sand the Sea-Coaft creates a mighty Traffick in this Proviice, and a general Fecundity and Wealth in all its parts. It's capital City Kiukfng or Kjamnin, as the Tartars have named it, is the largeft and nioft populous in the whole Empire, being according to /)«;/'. K^.if, 10 or 17 Ficnch Leagues in Circumference, and was furwcily much larger, as appears by the Ruins of I's old Wall, which is jo Leagues in Circuit, but although b\ ihc removal of the Court, Nankji.g is much leltenid^ yi t as it is, 'tisniuih larger than Pc/^m, which as «i- have told you, is thought to exceed l'.i>is. Tlic number of People inhabiting it, are computed to be eight Millions (ays Kj:o, whereby althoii^'Ji the Streets are very fpacious, they arc continually .tmv- ded with Palfengers, the Streets arc clean and utat, and the Shops well futnilhcd with all forts of nftfuj and valuable Commodities. The River K'.:"' or Tang'liii Kja>» which fignifies Son of the Sea, 11. .u a dole by the City, and is two fremh Leagues Uojd it is laden with innnmcrable Ships and Boats n^any whereof are richly gilt, and finely furnillied with Tables, Ccuches and Scats for Palfengers, bcljjcs large Stowage for lading ; fo miinerous are thofe Ships that the Jefuits were aftonilhed, and faid dure arc enough ;.lmoft to make a Bridge to /.hi/;-. One remarkable Oinimentof this City is the Poivc^ laine Tower, which is nine Stones high, the outlidc of the fincftPorcelaine of divers colours, and with- in fide the Rojmg arefiriely Painted or Gilt, and ti:c upper one efpecially is well adorned with Figures of Stone . at the toji is a Spite, which renders the whole StruiJluK; 1 Foothit-h. Il is an daogon of 40 Foot foot Diameter thought to be b nitiuleas it rife i fmall Stair-ca ,.-. "xcellent vi Ccrnpte, and Kj' The nexi ^r IS fo large, tic I Man would c whether Nankfr One Names tl Nunes that. ' ' tfwMiniircsl- ' of People tli.i ' thcCuftoms,\ ' the whole En Emperors Fleet trom hence to I Soiitliern Provi into the grand iiig the Vo\ai;e There at'.- t-A wl-.ich is divide liiton of thofc twelve, w^. ^ Sunliiani-Fii, Cl Chiitgan-Fii, U Kjiinhch-Fu. this Province t dcrable Cities. CHEKIAM KiniiJ" adjoini Coaft on the )■ on the Soutli-V 17 to the -j 1 U Soil of Hdls, ' i.v ariilicial C civ(r which tl Stone turioull and Barks upoi tntr.ible, and t i<. incredible. Life in abunda Silk from the ii Woods, as we All which rend( contains eleven Iclfer Cities. The Capital Circumference pulou', ot the withov't with i! crowded with with Tiiumph; of thefeTriutt wherefore I do miftakm J It on a large Ri Fictirh 1 eagues /c Compif repoi within this Pre Leagues below Like c)f many that falls from ler is conveye< (lands on the S a very confider tor Silk carryei CHINA H5 ^oot Diameter, it is crul\ed with Purcclain, but thought to be built of Brick, i": diminiflies in Mag- ritiule as it rifcs, by fettings in at every Cornilh ; 4 finall Stair-cafe within lidc leads to the top, \*hcre 4.-. "xcellcnt view is had of the whole City. {Le Compte, and l(jto.) The ncxi jreat City is Sucheu or Chiciicheu, which is fu large, rich and populous, that to fee it firll, a Man would conclude none could exceed ir, and v.hcthcr Nanking does or no I cannot determine, for One Names this as the inolt Pcpiilous as another Nimcs that. ' One who has Patience to ftand but a ' IfW Minutes by the Water lidc, and view theThrongs ' of People tli.n come to buy Cornmoditics and pay ' the Culkonis, would imagine ir to oe a Fair to which ' the whole Ein|>irc was crowding, fays /« Ciw^'.'f.Thc Emperors Ulcet of 9999 Joiiks or Ships pal's Annually from hence to i'ck^iw, to cany the Tributes of the Southern Provinces ■ Outofrhe \.Mm Rivcr,iliev pal's into the grand Canal, and arelix Months in perform- ing the Vo\ age. There ar'f tivo Viceroys ro govern this Province, which IS divided into lotirtecn parts, under the Dire- dion of thole two Cities above named, and thefe twelve, vi:^. Nieiicl>;u-h'u, Tli.itping-Fu, G,ink,iyig-l'u, Sunki'i'ii-I'i', Chinl(iatit-Vu, Gfaiichiu-Fu, Jangjan-Fii, Ching.i>:-Fii, Lucheu-Fii, Huonitc-Fu,Chi:ncl'Cu-Fii and Kjn7chcu-hu. Subordinate to all which there are in this Province One Hundred md thirteen oilier conH- dcrable Cities. CHEKIAM or C/)f<^i4n?. is the next Province to KAmki" adjoining to it on l\.^. ^cuth, having the Sea- C'caft on the i-aft, K^i'^mfi on tiie Well and Fokjen on the South-\Vc(t and South, extending from the 17 to the ^1 Ucg. fat. ThcCouutry is a delightful Soil of Hills, Valleys and Plains, enriched with ma- ny anilicial Channels belides Rivers and Btoob, over which there are many anihc.al Bridges of Stone turiouUy Arched. The Multitude of Ships and Barks upon thefe Rivers, and Canals are innu- mer.ible, and the Popuioufiiefs c f the whole Country is incredible. The Soil produces all ncc Ifaries for Life in abundance, belides an excciiivc quantity of Silk from the innumerable Silk Worms hanging onthe Woods, as we may call them, of Mulberry-Trees. All which render this Province a kind of I'aradifc. It contains eleven large Cities, which prelidc over 76 Iclfcr Cities. The Capital is /^imc''!-//, a City of 4 leagues in Circumference, and one of the fincrt and moft po- pulou', ot the tmpire, it is provided within and withoiu with deep and Navigable Canals, which arc crowded with Boats, and tlie vStreeto are adorned wiih Triumphant Arches ; [ I hnd If Compte {peaking of thefe Triumphal Arches at N'/'m/w and not here, whetcforc I doubt whether my Author ', Kf<) be not miftakrn ] It is a place of great Trade, and is feated on a large River, which according 10 Kj^!) is two Fmich 1 eagues over (or rather half a League wide as le Comftf reports it) named XJ'ien-Tanikijnt, it rifes within this Province, and falls intothe Sea aViout i8 Leagues Iwlow the City. Near the City is a fine I.ake of trany Miles extent, which is fed by Water that falls from the Neighbouring Hills, and its Wa- ter is conveyed into the Canahs. ViUbeu-Fv, which (lands on the South Limits and near the Sea-Coart, is a very conliderable City on account ot a great Trade tor Silk carryed on there. Niinpo-Fu 01 Linfo, Hands about 100 Miles South Weft from Hamrheu, near the Sca-Coaft, in Lat. 5s and in Longit. (byobfervation) no Dep.aj Min.taft i^omLondon, is alio a conliderable City where a Trade was endeavoured to be eftablilhtdby our Ne^ Enji- J«</m Company. This City maintains a great Tiade with Jd/wn, and both City and Suburbs are well inhabited. The reft of the eleven are K}->ki"S'F'i, Xtink,ing-Fu, Kjuncheu-Fn, VchHeu-Fu, Sicnchcu-Fuf Chiiichem.tu, KJnfliiiii-Fu, Ttiicheu-Fu and Sinchi- OJn/jWian Idand lying 20 Leagues Eaftf iinNimpg, I J or 14 Leagues long, and about t Leagues broad, alinoft encoinpaffed with a great number of I'aialler Iilands, one whereof called I'ouio, fituatcd about a League from the Eaft-end, is much celebrated for the Idolatrous Worlhip of the Bon:(ei. On thellland (.'Z>H/dn there is a fmall City, or rather a walled Town of the fame Name to which the New F.nfl-lndia Company traded, being not permitted to go with their Ships to l.impo. (\imp(.) Their Commerce with this place began in the Yeai 1 700. The Town of (.hujjii lyes in 30 Deg. 10 Min, Lat. .md lii | D. Long, front Londcn. KIAMSI ot KJ.ingji, IS an inland Province lying between Vhekjjm and Vo}{itn on the Eaft, llinjii.wi on the Weft, \,tmkjn on the North, and S.!ir.nr:,m on the South. It extends from the 26 to the iji Degrees of Latit. and at Icaft 9 Degrees in Longit. The South parts of it are Moijntainous, where are found Mines of Gold, Silver, I ead, Iron and Tin : the Valleys are well cultivated, and a- boundwith all necelfaries for I.iti;. The Women of this Country are famous for rruitfulmA. And at a \'illage called .s'/>.,.;';.''*;/'«c, the finell Porcclaine is made, which exceeding all others, the Water ot that place is luppofed to give the Superiority, jince in others, the lianh is as line, and .13 well prepared. But by K<io the place noted for the Porcelainc Ma- iiufaifture is named I'ictdeu-Fu, and by Nuvaretie Ck-td- 1 lien In the North part of this Province, there is a large Lake of ioo Miles Circumference named Phujant, which is Navigated by large Ships, all the Rivers in the Province flow into this Lake, and it difchargcs it felf into the River K/i""i many Towns and fmall Cities arc feated on its Banks, which floiirifli much by the Traflick they maintain. Thirteen large Cities are feen in this Province. which prclide over 78 fmaller ones. The chief of them is Nnuchnni-Fu, feated on the South Weft fide of the I ake which is Lirge, but having fuffered much by the Wars is reduced and at prefent in Inw Eftatc ; the reft arc K.incl>tu, Smlieu, Nitnbang, Qiioangjin, <iiiienih/ing, Liiikiiig-, Chiwik^rn, lungchfu and K-^nimg, All which tear likcwil'e the furname of F HUQ.UAM adjoyns to /Cmw/i on the Weft, having Honan on the North, and fiu""""" with (itinmii on the South, it is one of the largeit Provin- ces of the Empire, and is divided int» fifiecn Parts. The River Kj*'" runs quite through it from Weft to Eaft, and fcveral other Rivers water the Land, anil render it fo Fenilin Rite aiidothct Corn, and afford fiich plenty of Fiih, that it is commonly faid this Province is capable of feeding the v nolf Empire. A very large Lake lies in the middle of it , whi h is 400 Miles inCiieuit, feveral Rivers tiiU into it, and V ihc w0\ It'll' a ? t W: K 0' ^i ^ i^ 111 I4<> C H I N J. ^^'^ KjiimT\mi\hmnv.\\\i many Ships Navigate this '-''kc, but its VVarvcs are boiftcrous, and as furious ^^ the main Sea, \»'hcnce ' "tiiient Shipwtacks happen •^^ ir. A noraMconc ii rci. ed in the C/vwc/i- Hiflorv, ^vhcrcin 3C0 .Shi^s having an Army of <,ccoa Men 011 board, all pci-iflied in one NigtH. Among the pro- tludsof this C^ount^v, (.'oitonismimbeted, whereof great quantity grows htic. The Capital is r'm/'.i//^-F',7, featcd on Loth fides the great River }'J,im below the Lake, it is 3 very large Ciry, lind freqitcntcd by muhimdc of Ships, wii'.chdrivc a v'eiy great Traflitk. The other Ci- ties which prefide o\er its 1 5 part*, are Hitnjimi, Hu- ^'ij^el.'fu, Gii>ijili>io, itingimm^^ 'Hiniii^fig, 'i'c^an, Jnn- Ci->n?. Jochrii, C/,'.»«!; vj, P.ic/;7wq, Sivcheii, Cb»»S^'c, H.ingclfH and Jwicchii, all denominated Pti, and have under tlietn 12s othct Citie'; snd Towes. This I'roviritc luHcrcd miH h in the Wars ot the Rebel Lid tiinp, who was the occalion of caihiig in the Tnrinn. Fill SI THUl'N which lycs beyond it on tlic Weft, .in^i exicniis re the Mountains of biHia, was iinuh more punillicd by thofc Wars, as being laid waite and almoft ruined. This Province is bounded by \evfi on the North, and Qiinchi on the South. The Laiitl is Mountainous, where Mines ol' Qinck- filverandTin are found, but the Valleys beinp wa- tered with many Rivers, is made Fortil in all neccf- faries for Life, and alfo produces Rhubarb, China- Root and Silk. But the Rhubarb fays ^to is not of thebeft, and feldnni exported. The wSiolc (Country ivhich i'- large, is vhvidcd into nine parts tinder the Clovernniemuf nine Cities, which bear the Dignity of F/-. The Capital Chitigni ftands in the middle, and was a \ery p,rear and conliderablt City bdorv' it was re- <luced by the Wars to a low Ettate the rert art l.int- faii. Slinking, Hiwt^hinc, I'aoniti', Cl'i"ichi>iy, Lin^- chcu, Hirncheii, W^'iuandl'.i''.* : which liove loj Ici- fer under iheir Jutifdidtion. Cy.'F.ICHEU, whi.h lyosnnthe"Soiithol,T(/r/j;(f», l>cvween Qi/rt»./i on the hall, and Timnm on the VVelf, is a I irgc Courrry which fiflercd very much in the Wars. The Land is Mountainous, and atlurds Quickiilvcr, Copper and Till in good quantity ; aiiJ the Valleys .-irr Fcrtil and well (tocked with Cattle. Although this Country be extciilivu, and divided in to fourteen parts, the Cities are nor nianv, and thofe not very pnpuloiK, for 'ho Inhabitants having been driven a'.vay b> the Waiy are nr,i yet rcturtKd. The preli.iingCitiis with the Title of I'm arc thefe 14. G."fi?"< the Capit.il. Giih.v;'m»», Tk^pi-w, Cin.pmi, Liiif'iig, Surliien^ Siwnn, .Wfdw, 'Vuiie,'", Pinjunf^, Vir.yjur,., Th'.iAing, VcinntivA Mffi. Under whom arc i4firialle! Cities. The Kingil'imrf VLfNNAN is the only part of C/-m4 that l)e;i beyond Qittichfu, as cutciiding to the Frontiers of i»M''j, and bounded on the South by Tmrjuin. It \v,\% formerly a PiT)<.inct; cX Ch-na, and is now commonly t'o reckt'ned, bur by Kjio we are tolJ 'tis Siibjcdl to its ovoii I'rmce , tributary to the Emperor. The Cou.'ury w large, as CTtending frcm the Tropu; in !■} and half 'iji to the 19 Dcg. of I atjt. and luk ar lead 7 I")c|;. of l.oiigit. It is wealthy 111 M.iits of (j)ld, Si'vei, Coppur and Tin, and divers precioui. .StOtifs, efpMitlly KiJbirsare ibuiU CD us Mui'tiuiiu. Tiic iioil i:> ^iivcditieJ in Mountains and Valleys, tbe former yi^dirg ,h^ Metals as alxivcfaid, and the latter producing Ci,it l-niits, Silk aiid Musk. ' Here are 20 large Cities and 68 Subordinate lefTtt ones. The Capital is Tunntn or Jumiatit-Vu^ feaitd in thcEall, a charming pleafantCiiy where Fruits ate extccding plenty. The other chief Cities arc Quoniii Kjtihor., Citi/ung,Chinl(Ji:n,Qiiatiian, lvenl(ing, Chol^ium, Viiting, Kjntmg^ Juning, Xiimiirie, Mniaii, Tiinioh. and Sinlipj. Proceeding now to the Eaftward, we cntet QUAMSI or Quonngfi, which has Timr.im on the Welt, iiuftictieti on the North, .Q/«iwfi.w cii the Hal! and Tomjiitn and Ctchinchinn on the South. A great part of the /and is Moiintaincus, however there want!, not good Soil where Rice trows in plenty, .r< alfo Cinnamon and Sapan-Wcoil ; btlides much ot that Wood whereof they iriakc their Cabinet:. V. ry good Porcelaiiie is made her?, but both the l',in:i and Water is brought from other parts : :.t bciinr Ibiiiid that the Sand of Kamkin and the Water d K/ir"!':, miifl concur to make the Left Pur>e!aiiii:. 1 his FroviiKc remained a feparate Kingildiii go\crn- edby a Prime of the ancient Imperial lilooJ till the hit King dying without llliie, it fell into the Crown, .nnd the falaec which was at ^(cUiiit, is luntoKiiuh that City isplealamly lituamd in the N(jriliciu rou- tines, belides which arc twilve other huge Cities nt the Dignity ol iV, which prtlldeovtr bo Itifer ones. 1 hofe iwche are Pingco^ l^mclicn, Tuiping, Stmim, 'UiicljtM, ~^hinciicu,Siniutn, ('.l>inihcii,Suchi» indClii.tM. QLIAMTUM or QuMnrjimg . adioins to Qiir.nifi On rlie Lalt, hav mp the Ocean on the Soil! h, flwiur.m and \.i"»»'A on the North, and l\i^.cn 011 rlie F.aih I his is a very large Province, cxtensiiiig 10 Dtg. in Longitude, namely fioiii the ii*; to the ij^. and in Latitude about J Degrees. IheS lilis good, artording plenty of all ncccllanis, btlides Sugar and Silk whic' with Tin, Copper-Work, Salt-pcttc, wrought Siirts and other Mcichaiidife am expoittd hence, to the great enriching ot the Country. This Province fuHcicd much by the Wars at the Revolution, Its Capital City being Plundered, and very miicii ruined by the Army tliat took itb) I'leachcty, alter it had held out a whole Year. Thcchief C ity fiimnch.u-h'u, orC/»n/ nas/Cico/'.-.inf call it, is featcd at the bottom of a fiiall and fjte B.iy of the O. can which rtins far within Ijiul ;n ilic" 24 Ucg.ofLai at the Mouthof the Rivet l.tiny-^Jyri^, which enipcitsit iclf into that Ba\, and is N.wiga'ulc Is'^r many icagiu'S above the Cily. The conveiuci,, Siiualion of tins pla-cfor 1 tjde to liuli.i, rruilers .1 extrcam populous and wca'tiiy, the Shu(\shcingpkii tifully lloekid wuh all forts tif l>„/j».-/and l-.,ii fmt Commoduies. And net far fiou. 11 10 a Village na- med FiiX'in, where i 'oods ,iri- iVlanulaCiured for this Atorket, there lives ly reptnii r.o lefs iluii 6e ihoii- faiid Families. The Hugiijh 4iiid Ouid Ships, as will as P(>ttug:ie:{c and Imti/m, coming fteiiueiicly 10 tl.is Port. The Province is divided nuo ten parts unJ r the Jurifdidjun of thefe ten Ciiies which are Den. niinaicd !•>/, vix Q^iinyeheu or Cjhivh, the Capital a,i atx>veraid, Kf,)ii;,ning, Xancheu, lh)cicii, S:iik->.\, t^ianlieii, l.uiiUii, Liencheu, Clxtucheu^ to,«;ethfrvsitii KJnclxn liiuafe on the Illand Ainnr or il.tni.ii:, win. ii lycs in the Ocean oti the South-Coail, being diitjii- ccd by a Straight of abovit 10 Le;igiics wide fiini the Main Land. The Illand is jt. , Miles in Cir- tUlt, cult, aiie'lias hie on ati oun Kingdom, ol with Aloes 1 In the moui whereon MAC the l'oriigue;;c before the Y own Govtrnm dilturbed theii have ftill a Foi toiifidirable, ; with great Scr Emperor took cordinii tu the who wrote lonj ftill in polfbllioi llukc. The T. a nirrow unev< the isoad IS gc Vi'iiidw.iui, flic from Storms. niodlous. (l.e hirpcror for all feiiis it, pay an la'. 1 oooco Due grcir Tra-'Hckii nioditic;. I: js with the P. tiigi witli the S.f:.,n!r.i turwaid thrcugl though there is'f both p.'aces. Bi coining from I Spj»i,i,,ls co,T,i;i( loth they hi tg< there is nefcli.inl the Introdudtion! FOKItN, J) ^orth Halt of NorihEalt, and tall. The .Soil 1 leys, the former \ well wai cud «iil the I .Hid Fe.' Ill i ot this l'rjvin>e .ind of equal I c Title of /•■„■, di\ 1 l'xi'.:u oi/'',c"'H, Biy i.f the O. . .. Cjjutalof rlu Ti. fur Coniiuerie vv fv-,j whofc Shi| "•",;'.'m ;. Cl;u,hcu, 10 which IS added is laid to this '^I'leL- chief Ciri, 1 lie fmall Iilan Fad Coaft makes Ships of the bigf The in,-.;id £.>/( ^nioji) or u ■-,.' h . which of late Yea ih; l'.r,gijh\).\\x\ This Province . ''iitwiih what lln AlTnfed. The ot, the J/trtai Kcv CHINA • oj.'f-inl ti- B.-.y ./«■;;, Mil.':. 'xt, .. ■ . : 1:1 tor tliu o ihoii- as woll 10 t\vs Capiul ' ■.>ik''i.[, lerwiiii whi> h diibr- m Cir- cuit, ant' lias i ? lertcr Cities cu it, ?nd is confidera- ble on ac( yiint of a great Trade driven there with the Kingdom, ot Toiitjuin and Crchinc'oino, it abounds with Alues and has a good Pearl Filhery. In the mouth of the Bay of Canton lyes the Ifland whereon MACAO is I'catcil in I.at. l j. Iliis Town the /'o .';(;;«f;'('m;idc themlclvesMaftcrs of, fomctiiiic before the Year i6oo. and poirelfed it uni'er their own Government for many Years : but the Dutch diltiirbeil their Trade lo n.ucli, that .vlthoiigh they have ftill a I'uii and Fadory there, tlicy arc not at all tonfidtrable, and are tiirccd ro Submit to \\\iCiiii!eje with gieat Servility, i iind fome Authors fay the Emperor took M.Kr.o \n the Year i668. Lut (ince ac- cording to the Acroiinis ot butli U Cmiple and l\'^i\ who wrote longlinec tliat tinu, the I'otwiuc-^^ wae fiill in poltellion (if it, we mull ftippolc that a mi- iUkc. The Town is fmall, unwalJeii, and built on a iiirrow uneven -Soil on a point of the Ifland, but the Koad h pood ; Other Iniall Iliands that l)c to Vi'indw.ud, Ihtltiinn the Ships, and Iccuring them from Storms. The Haven is iiarrGW, fate aial com- luodioiis. ( i-c C'Wf'ie.) They pay Cuftoms to the Lirpcror for all th ii Guo,!^, or rather as l\<io rcpre- feiusit, pay an Annual Tnlnre of icooc or as fome fa-, looocn Ducats. They tormcrly exercifed very great TrafHik hcri, in ail ti,l..iii and /■>/'".■?(;« Coni- nioditic";. I: is vvoiih obfeiving, that tiie Sunday wiih the i\ tii;^ucy- of this lowii, is the Saturday v^'itli the Sp.}n:i!>Ji in the Piil.ip:i,r Ill.iiul.s, and fo lurward ihrcughntit all the d,iys of the Week, al- though there i.s fv.arcc any ilitioiencu in the i.origit. of both'pla.rs. But the realon is, the l':'t:.giicx! in coming from Eu' <■,'(• paf< Lalhvard, whereas the Sjijni.t'ih cocr,i::gfium A».:i,c.i Wtliward, between loth they ha c pone round the (ilcjbe, indomg which thcrcisnerclLiiily a Day iolt, as we have told ;ou in the Imrodu^itiiin. lOKltN-', \)a (II the Tall of t^jumfi on the Nort!) Halt of i^.^i/ni/m, hiMii^ Chcki.im on its Nonh-Ealt, and the Occ.in on UeUafl and South- Eatf. The Soilis illverlilicd in Moi niainb and \'al- Icy-, the former wdl befei with fre.N, and the latter well watcrid with Riverb aiiJ Brooks, which reiidti the I and Fv! til in Rice and other Corn. 'I'hc extent ot tlii> I'vjvin.e ;s from iiiei4 fi ilu i3 I)eg. I.at. .inJuf equal I outfit, flight i.huf Cities wiih the Title of i'l.', divide it into Ionian', parts, thele are I'*/'.'H orKc'!'H, Icatcd on a Rivtr wliuh fall.-, into a Biy i.f the Ocean in I.at. 26. an.l half, it is the Ctj'italof thcl'tiivii.ee, and i^a large City, famous fur Coninierie with the ']:ij' ii'l.i \i.ai,:ns and l-.un.- ;.',•,) whofe Ships dally aitivc here. T^iivrncl eu, //.i(;;/i(i ;. Cl'.uJrii, J-iipii^-, V. 'if, T ,/;;; Jf ,7 and Ci:ni:'/, t.i which is added the I (land (• r«;f/.;or T.ii. ;, .«, wine It is laid to this I'lo- nice, and makes a nii;:li part. TacL-cliiefCitKspreruieovcr ' '■ others. The fmall lllaiul OvciMfv. winch Ives on theSouth- F,t(t Coaft makes a fafe and not.ablc llavm, where Ships of the bigRcIl burden lye fecuiv. Near it is The Ill.-.iid t-wot >' (or as we often pvonotiii e it ^•11.7) or u-iih is a larg.- I'ownofthc fame Name, which of late Years has teiii tar. :'.ij for the Trade ihe I'.tiji^ i/h have had tliei. . Thisl'rovince of / /(.im was a feparatc Kingdom, Init with what IfMiiage to the l.'.nperc. 1 am nut A|'piifed. ThePrince tli.it govt rued it at tli tunc ol the T/irtar Hcvoluiion, vvas I'oicnt and Couiaei- 147 rus, and ftood out apainft that Monarch, when the other Provinces had I'ubinittcd, which occalicnid great Wats and Subjected the Country to iiuich Ueltriidtion. At kng'h under the pretence of a Treaty the Prinre was Decoyed to Court. But con- trary to promifc was there Detained. His Son whofe bravery afterwards has rendered hi^ Name illuftrious in that part of the World, maintained a vigorous War in his Fathers behalf againd the tinperor, but born down with the ovetiiiatcli, was forced to qui-; his Country and put to Sea. (.'"v;«^rt or Cotiffnn, as 'tis fometimes written, was the Name of this Prince, who turning his Face 10 l-'ormclu, became a Potent fc'noiny to the Ouici.i there. Which leads me to fprak of thac Ifland, wherein I fliall be the mote Ample, by rea- fon of the great talk about it, occafioneil by the fine drclfed up Story of Pf,i!mnria:{ci; who pretended to be a Native of it. When the Dutchhn] eftabliihcd thcmfclves in I'uli.i, they made ic their chiefelt Care to fettle a Trade to Ch:>i,i, but the Cliiiiej:-! would never agree to the Treaties they offered, till the Uutcii hy the force of a good Fleet, feized a little Illand neat the Coaft, which they Fortitied, and from it Annoyed the Chi- w/f at plcafure. 1 his prouuicd a Treaty, and upon Con.iiiion tlicv would quit thai place, they were al- lowed to lettlc at 'la/' iii-.n^^ or 'I'rsvr.m in [■iinin/j whether th.y accordiiij.dy retired, Fortilied it and cairycd on a very pioiitaMe Trade there. During the time of their tl.iiirilhing State in that place, Monlieur C4«^ni i«a Clergyni.ni lived there, and has publiihed an Account of tlie Illand, which we (hall Abdraa. T'ORMOSA l^ a laige Uland <,f .,',,1 ng form, leatcd ill 22 Deg. Lat. 1 jo Leagues round, fays he, but others reprcfent it larger, .'\.f,..,// lays'tis n^ Leagues long, but not pio[iort.onably broad, and K^'o lays 'tis y. o Miles in Cirtumlereiice, The Kortlip.irt of It which lyes 111 ij and liaif J.at. i« diftant fioiii the Coallof f- «;i;' .not above 20 leagues. The Country abounds m Cattle, Filh and Deer, whole Furrisone of their thief Cominoditics for Trade. The I. and is lertil bur not mueh Cultiva- te.l, It iiiiJuces pjtiiiy ot Rice, as alfo Ginger, Su- gar, and Fruits of many kind-- unknown to us And tK thought there are Mines of Gold anJSilvtr in the Mountains. J lie Country is very 1 ^puloii*, full of large Villages, but no City or pr. Town: nor is there any King or S.ipcriour Perfun 1.1 Government, every Village manap Mig it felf as wifely as it can, and IS alinoit conOantly at War with it> Neiiihhours. The Inhabitants at lealt thofe I'oiii', the Ci ilt tint weie known tothe Dmcl , ate • I and llrong limliett, ot a dark biown Complcxi . ili? Women are ot low Staiure, and go Clad, ^vller^as the Men arc mnffly Naked. Some < f thcClaiisof them appear Wild ard Barbarous, others are gc.( d Natured, Faitlil'ul and Induftrious. The Won 1 Till the Ground, fow the Rice, and plantGin^r, Sugar .and Fruits. And the Men employ thnni.cs in Hunting and Fighting in their frequen^ W,irs. The only lh?w of Government they haveamonglt them, is a Cuun- cil in each Village of twehi- Men thofen .'\nnually, who decide Ditil'erences andexercile f ime Authority, but m the Main every Man di rs himfelf Jultice, without appealing to. I Judge. Their Religious Ofii- ces are exercifed by Women, the I'riofthood being being held by tb« Sex 'Jhen Kelii^ion, Manner-, V 2 and 0< m *ii • '" '-'A 11 148 CHINA. ami Cuftoms arc as rude as one can tliiiik, oni Au- tliov has fpokcn of them l.irge enough already, Init they arc too mean and too tedious v) be related iierc. K/f«/'n^ whom wc havcfo oficn mentioned, in his many Voyages in Service of the Company, was ona- at I'mvul^, at the fame time that K^ximin was about to Artack it. We Ihall therefore borrow a little from hini both for proof and further information. ro)(//c/.< ist'ull of Hills intermixed with fertile Val- leys, which .Ui- watered by many Rivets, and pro- diirc nuuli (iral's and Coin, here is plenty of Sugar which is ixpnrti'd, and thi' liinr,i<cr:>, kinds planted by thc/)»fc. tiirivewell, a^abiindanieof hdiun l-ruiis, and Rki 111 pre.it I'lcnty Cattle ct all forts and Stags are plcmv, anil in thi Woods arc found Tyj^ers, Deals and inlierwild Beafts. Here is alfowild bowl of \;iri(j\iii kinds, and lis fii] pofed there are Mines of Ci'ild and Sliver in the M'Uintauis, ti*; known they arc full of Hriniltor.c, and the Subterranean Five cai.fes many l'.arili>)uakfs. The Illand is ucfti- tute of Harboiiis, and hath only Roads between fmaillllands for the Ships to Andiorin. As to the IVoplcan I their Manners, he gives much the fame account as Cnhiu'.iw. This wasihe State of the Place when K"-^"'/.!! with a numerniis Fleet aiul large Army came over and Laiuied there. The Uiiich were at that time very Potent, having driven away the Sjianin \h, who from the I'liiiiifiini' lllands, had during the Troubles of Chwit, planted I hcinfclvcs on the Illand. And therc- forethoiiphc thcmfelvcsableto rclift Voxiti^f.^ but he fofurioully attacked 'l.uoiir.n both by Sea and land, tliat although they defended thcmfelvcs well, he proved too powerful, and drove ihcm out. 1 his happened in the Year 1659. Kj'xiny/i afterwards, upon occi>rioR (;f three Ships fraighted with Silver, which were carrycd by Treachery to the Emperor, inftead of being brought to I'.iyti.in as lie ordered, raifed a mighty .\riny .-'iid Fleet, and failed 10 Naml^iu, which Potent City he Bclicged and had near taken ; but by a Revel on his i^irth-day, he jjavc the Beliiged an opportunity of falling upon his Drunken Arn-i\, and cue it all oil : With ilie grief hereof he Dud, and was fucceededby hisStn. The Emperor lollowin^ his Blow, fet out a great Meet to take l7/'«,p/, but the ynuni; Prince had ilir good Fortune to Delia- ilicni for th It t'mc; yet after a- iiothrr Years War, was tiiivcd tf) Stbinit ; and was afterwards fcr hi« Viiti e and IV'.vcr^ fake, f.ivoured by the Emperor wuh a Prcfent of the Iflaml, whereof he remained King under Homage to the liiipcror, in the Year 16S2. Wchave now fiirireved all the Piovinrcs of (■;„;,.,. except I.eaituni, which bccauli; it l\es bcjoed iJnj groat Wall, our Journey round dul not admit u* to take in. We lliall iheteforo fpeak of it nsw; and thence take a Survey of tlie Illand Cwc.;' and fpcak a word of the Land of j'Jh, and fo pgfs on to Jafoii. Lt AOTUM or i, «..•«.««;', is a Province of lifs extent than thofu wehavepaifed ihrougli, cxtenilit.g hardly 15U Miles either way, it Jyev bevond tin.' gteat Wall, which is its Uuiuidary i n the Weft, ,s the nariow Arm of the Sea which diviiks it fiun, Cofoj on the Kaft, the Miiiititains of f;.,,.; '!'.'<■ i,::y on the North, and the '<iw:;-S' SI or Cjulph if />(■/»; ,,|| the South. Itisfiatcd lewecn the :.) at,d ,)i l>j». of Latit. and is a hue ti-nitikd 1 and, l,iys \.,,^ pfg. ducing, befidis all nccelliiries for I fc, rl;c fanuiiis Medicinal Rout G;'«/.'/;i; t)v :t ''■/■», wlucli is rciLoncd a moll Soveraign Remedy f n- rccuvcnnj; Deiaycd brrengih. Here are but 1 1 Cities great .md luiall, whereof Mhyr.in is the Capital, \i>.i\.:ii ami KjhcUu the next of Note, Father KrI'ieli who travelled over this Province in tlie L'mpcrors 'Iran, t,>||s us that the Land is uneven, being enciinil-cr.d with Mountains, and that tlu' Towns which iv;ie forniirly very Numerous are almolt all dcllroyi .', I.aviiio never recovered the ravage of the W i\v at the Kevoiiuijn. The Capital Mmi-.in is a City very i.iu- an.i prcitj iuiire, but its ancient Valace {-. 111 KiiUie^. This City by his Obfc T'arion lyes in .; i Dci;. '^6 Min. Latir and the Magnetick Needle haih no Dcclinarioa there. The Kingdom of ( C^KF.A called )•-•.•.■;,«//(•. by the Inhabitants, L^ a Peniurula, or as the new Maps Ihcw us an Klantl, l;a\ii:g tn ihc We!f, the I'lovince of A riui):^: and the Clulph ot' A'.i/.i^/o;; ; on the l-.iilt and South, by the Sea of 1 /,>;:; and on iheNorili, by .N.mcc a isiligdom <,f JV.-.m.-, : It is a vers fiuiihil Countiy, wlicVe the KbiiiiiuiMs produce tiold and Silver, if. Marllics Rice, nn I the Sea IVarK. The !iihabi',-iius are povetiied ii-. tiieir own Prince, under ilic I'lo'edion of the Haipvor, and Tr.ide only wi:ii the ' / .>../.-;and /'/' '' 'cj. rhcmcft remaikable T'own5( (' Coefl, are i'''.|,.;'.' ; K'"!k.', the Metropolis ofthe Kingdom ; //i.-«<;/i,i; , Ki','.^-in, on ihehaltcrn Coaft; ^ndcixaih in the S.v.iih. The Illand of I'.nimn, called S:li:if:ich\ the Nitivts is likewifc Subjcill to the Dominion of the King of C.Vir.r. being diftant 11 Lcng.'.cs from the::, c to the South; its Capital Town: of ihc Govtrnour. . or ^ ■ the Seat The Ik' ( us ISW; '(,1 ,/ pafs f Itfs iiliiif! ' til.- lUllr <l '>.(;. 10- Illnin Hal uli, r/ cu dial •l!s IK wirli luily tiiver i;ti,)ri. |-rcu\ s Ciry I.at'.r natio;i 14^ The Land of J E S S O THE I-ai'd of 3cjjii, Jefi, l-.fa or Ye-ijo. is (ituaie over agiinft tlie E.iikrn part of 'iV.rt^ty, from which it is fepartteii by a roitlidtrable Straight of the fame Nairn-. The Coafts of this Country have been at fcvc- ral times difcovercd oil the Weft .111(1 Eait, and more elpt-cially on the South by the I'ortn^ut^e and Dutcl:. But they have not been able to Difcovcr whether it I'c an Kland or Continent. 'Tis known that a Sea (lows between it and Taitary on the South- Weft, but whether more to the Northward, it may not be joined is iinl^nown. In Sailing onitsSoiith- Coaft to the Weitward, they have found no end of the Land, and therefore 'tis conjedlured that it extends as far as America : whcie the Straight of Aniin, on the North ol California, is tuppoied to be made by the Well Qiall of this Land. A- gain, others contradift this, but fay that it is joyn- ed to the North part of J/ifvn. 'Tis true, the cxtrcam Northern part of 3if'"'t is very little known by even the Joponefei thcinfelve*, but the diftince of that part of Jejfo thar is known (being as Muffeiii writes, 300 Leagues from Mcmo) is too great to be joined to Japan, and yet never known to be fo. The Dutc!) Maps therefore make a broad Sea of at leafl two Degrees be- tween the North Coaft of Jfpon, and the Land of Of (he Nature ot this Country, we arc told by Fiami! Caron (a Dutchman who lived long in Japan) from the Information of the Japoncjc, who have often penetrated far into it, but could never find the ena. The Land is much incumbered with Mountains and Craggy Rocks, and the Soil Uncultivated and little Inhabited, and the Country only valu- ibie for the lich Furn and Skins, whereof very precious ones are brongiit thence. Tiie Inhabitant are a wild People, tl'cir Bodies all over Hairy, and their Beards very long ; and in Manners more like Beads than Men. Lud. F.ojus, a Jrfuit who Ii\cd in J.ifan, writes of them thus. On the North of Japov, there lyes a very large Country of Savage Men. Their Bodies are Hairy, their Beards very large, and their Muftacho's fo long, that they niiifl hold them alide when they Drink. TJicy Cloath themfelves with the Skins of wild Beafts. They pay a Vene- ration to Heaven, but have no Sacred Rites. They arc furious in War, and a Tcrrour to the J/tpanefc Being Wounded in War, they waih the Part in Salt Water, which is all the Remedy they ufe, They are great Lovers of Wine, and ufe the Women in common. As to their Food wc are not told. They find means to get over Sea foinetimcs, to come to Aquittt, the molf Northern Cit) of Ja- fm, on Account of Trade. And the Inhabitants of Aqiiita go thiihcr fometimcs ; this however but very feldom. for fear of their Brutality. Be- tween both, tis certain, that a Trade is carryed on, and the rich purrs of Jejfo ate ufed in Jtpcn, and fo much valued, that the Emperor forbids all o- ther Nations Trading hither. And he reckonl Jeffo into the number of the Countries he is Lord of. BETWEEN the Coaft of Tnrtary and that of Jejfo, lyes an Ifland difcovercd by the Dutch, called STATEN ISLAND, of about 10 Leagues in length, but notconliderablc. On the Eaft between it and Jtjfo, lyes the Straight ciXie^DtVrits Straight, I" 'ifp' m ;':;« l(| :..'^ '.11,. I ':r::m m ("lliiiii'iii'i '^lii JA^ON- •^^^ minimi l5o ^'l T A P O N JA P O N is the moft Eafterii part of /Ifii, and the Land ilic moft remote from us in all this Hcinifiiherc , ami confequcmly the place ivhtic the Riling Sun is firl^ fccn ; An J bcinii near 150 Degrees F.ad from us, |they have the Worniiigaml Mid-Day, at Icaft eight hours betorc Us. Yen are not to imagine this Country to be a Coii- liiient or Main-Land, nor c\ en but one Ifland, tori: confids of divers Illands, which bear the general Name of J^tpon; and lye extended from the ?oth to the 5Sih Deg. of Longitude, and from the i xn Dcp. to the i£i Dcg. of Latitude. The moft Wettern Coaft being 100 F.caguc.s diftant from Kinipo on the Eaft Coart of (.hi>M, and the moft Southern 3?o Leagues fr<.ni the North Coaft of the /•'/'i7//fi"<' Iflands. Al hough it be true, that the Empire ot Jj/'i,™ conlills of divers lllandi, yet one called ?4- pon proper, or oilicrwife NipiKn, is by much the largcft and moft i:onfKlerablc, as extending from Souih-Weft to North F.aft above 600 Miles, and in breadth in foiiie parts i^o, in others 100 Miles, Whereas C/mrr, wliich is the lax; in bignets, ha.i 11. u a fourth part of tint Dimcniion, and Sihk cr iroi.;^ tlic next, not a Moycty of that. In Situation, thcfe Idands polfefs the ',th an^ ^th Climates, and their longeft Day is from 14 to 1 5 Hours. And tlieretorc might be cxpeifted to ex- reed in Heat, but we are told by Travellers, that the Winters are eXicJne Cold, iliroiiph the vaft qiia:i- tity of ,Sno\v which there ufually tal!s : together with preat Rains and bleak Winds. The Soil was reprcfented to be but Pcor, by fomc of the Jcfuits living there, \et it is certain, that u produces Rice of the whitell and cleancit fort, info great Menty, that vaft quantities are Annually eitpnrted thence by the Dure'-. And !/.'/' 'i hath often fiirnilhed the Phil!:p:>u- Iflands with Bread - Corn. 'Ihe DuiJ> in ('.cneral declare, that the I and is leifonably buiitfui , and that the Country abounds with Men and Cattle. 1'i,iiich Cr.mi a Duicimnu (who lived ni.iny Years here, and has Publillicd an Ac- cf'Unt c\i this Couniiey, whence we chiefly Col- led what we Ihall fay of it ) tells iis, tliat ?.i- /■i'7 arlords all tirnps that are necclfary to fu- ftain 1 ifc ; and Ih^oiiir Ins Annotator adds, that nri Rcpicin in huiiu, crjoys a more Temperate and Healthy Air, .■» better Fertility, nor exceeds ir in produClion of Silver. Here arc many Moun- tains, whereon there is pltiny of tall Grafs, anu many Herbs and Flowers. Two of the Mountains are efpecially notable for their heighth, whereof one carts forth Flames. There i.s .1 large Lake abounding with Fifll, at about t8 Miles diftance from Meuco, which ex- tends 9u MiUs in length, and 21 in breadth ; it is compofcd of the Confluence of many fmall Rivers, and has an out- let in the South- Welt which in a fooil large River, palTes by the City Mnacv, and after a v»iiidiiig Courfe of about 10 Leagues, falls in;o a Bay of the Ocean. There are feveral Rivers in Siphoi, and fome few in the other Illands, butnoncof them are of any long courfe, nor at all remarkabli. Their Trees either for Beauty or Fruit are not un- like ours ; but the Odars are the niult plenty, and thole grosv exceedjnghigh. Of Animals, there are all the kinds that are fecn in Em opt, as Oxen, Hogs, Hares, Conies, Deer, wild Boars, bears. Dogs, Cats, and of Hor- fes an incredible plenty, per Birds, they have Cranes, Swans, Ceele, Duck.s, Phcalanis, I'idgeons, Hens, Hawks, Falcons, &c. '1 hey have fome Silk Worms, but know not how to gather tht Silk. But the principal Proiludls of i?/*,""!, are MeiaK, as Gold, -Silver, Copper, Iron, I'm and Lead, which are found hcie in great abiiuLiiicc. Ot Silver cfpeciully, a quantity ex.ecdiiig all ihercll, of (lold not a liille, whith the ni:iiiy giuied Roofs of ihe Emreiour and Kobleiiiui, Palaces, a.s well without lide as within, is a fultieient Demon- (tration of. The Land alfo • yields (o:ne precious Stones, and the Seas much red Co.al, and fame Pearls. Of the Inhdlitiinls. According to Tradition, ^-Jpoi was firft Peopled from Chin.i, which is moft probable, by reafon of the Neighbourhood of that Continent. But whe- ther it be true, that the tirlt Inliabiunts were fiich only as were Banilhed from C/in.i, for t, Confpiracy againft the King, as common Traditi- on tells, IS uncertain. 'J he Japm-.j.-s are oppo- lite to the Chiiiej: in all their coirnion MannTS and Culloms, which (hould cotitradie'l the Al- fertion, that they proceed from them ; hut to that 'tis anfwered, that in regard iliey renin ed thiir Habitation on a Criiinnal Acccimt, they liuiliiully avoided ihcir old Manners, and in hatred to that Country which had expelled them, took u" '.ew ones direftiy contrary. The tim.' of tl jvlipia- tion, is fuppoled to ha'. e been about .liit:o Dm. 1000. c cr fince wlr.ch, it has been governed by oncSupr-am Monarch, under wlinni are ilivers petty Kings, I riiues and Lords, who uiiderhim goveinthe ProvitKcs. This This Men; Subicrts, the car .dethrone obeyed by h million, for 1 and therctbri fivrl Accouii ty, that Tra the Or: 1 u's, but the tlrll Horrour, and never fets hi; permitted to I upon him ] to Wl'. ' Ooil! Son coiitimiti But foon after Years, and br ble Confiilioi all engaged ag gave opportun grec and obki eft power. T dier, but of a gan with 50 iiiin, his Niim iity and Succ time, he co took all the ( himfelf to the the Family Na all the precedii the Name anc took upon liim incnt, from Wn great Wifdoin Minor, under was cut off fo time the Govt Princes, while the fliow of M fon being elkei pcror dares nc mily is High- nity even ri(u. rcror is nbligi Years at farthe icnec. In the Stati called C/;/'fv, 1 tor, and in Diikcy, but til rif the Prime to AJminifter Number of there requires in Obedience is thus. I. A Court one hal l.wc Houfes there the Lor turns, and pa The eldeft Si up at Court, miffcs or othi 2>pies in all ti of all Tranfi Noblemen to f A TO l^. and ThK Tbis Monarch is ao Abfolutt Prince over all his Subicrts, the petty Kings not excepted, whom he car dethrone and Puiiilh as he plcalcs. And he is obcH'd In his Subjcds with the nioft Abfolme Sub- niilliuti, for he is cftccincd by them asalort of God, and therctore obeyed on a Religious, as we|] as civtl Account. And fu Itritft has been *hcir Loyal- ty, thai 'I'lavellers tell us, that under the Reigns of rfie Dr: ru\^ tlierc never happened any Rebellion, but the tirlt Seditions were looked upon with Horrour, and cftci.-uud i Crinnc againft God. He never fets his I'oot to the Ground, the Sun is not perinitted to lliiiic on Ir.m, nor the Wind to blow upon him l'i\in ilie lvt;inning of this Monarchy to Wi;.' 0»>;.'. i^oo, the Su.i eflion from Father t'^ Son continued in the fame Family, nanned Day o. But foon after Civil Wars lc!^an, which lalted fonie Years, and brouplu the wliole Country into niil'cra- ble Confiilion. The l'etty-Kinp,s and Lords were all engaged againft one another in furious Wars, and gave opportunity to one i'.d./; 1(1, a Man of low De- cree and oblL arc I'jirtl:, to raifc hinilclf tothchigli- etl power. This Man who was but a comnnon Sol- dier, but of a bold and Couragious Natuic, I c- gan with so Followers only, but Fortune Alf^Oing him, his Numbers cncreafed j and with furli Cele- rity and Succeft iu went on, that in three Years time, he coiitjuered all the conteiuliiig Princes, took all the Caltlcs and flrong Cities, and railed himfelf to the Imperial Dignity. D.tji'p, which was the Family Name of the limperor, and that which all the preceding Cffars bore, was alloweil to retain the Name and Dignity of Emperor ; but '1'ayck.o took upon liiin the I'ower, andexcrcifed the Govern- ment, (rom Anno i>oT». 1517- for many Years, with great Wifdoin and Power; but his Son being left a Minor, under the Ward of a certain Nobleman, was cut off foon after he came to Age. At this time the (iovcrninent is vefted in a new Race of Princes, while the Succellor of Otiy>o retains only the (how of Majcfty, and lives in Splendor, his Per- foii being eltcemcd fo Sacred, that the Ruling Em- peror dares not infult him. The Heir of this Fa- mily is High-Prieft, and is honoured with a Dig- nity oven ciju-J to the Roman Pontiff. The Em- reror is obliged i to vilit him once in three or four Years at fartheit, and offer to biin Prefciits and Revc- lencc. In the State, there was formerly a great Oflicei called Cithn, who was Supicam under the Empe- ror, and in Power fiich as the Grand Vilicr in '['uikcy, but that Office is now fupprclfed, and four nf the Prime Nobility are appointed by the King to AJmiiiifler thetiovernmcnt under him. As the Number of the Princes aiid Noblemen arc great, dicrc requires the wifelt Conduft to keep thciii in Obedience. The M.'thod the Emperor takes is thus. i. All the Princes are obliged to be at Court one half of the Year, to which purpofe they i.wc Houfes at Tcdc, which is the Royal Scat ; there the Lords from the different Parts refidc in turns, and pay their Devoirs to the Emperor, i. The eldeft Sons of all the Prime Nobility ace bred up at Court, and rcfide there till the Emperor dif- miffes or otherwife employs them. 3. He employs Spies in all the Provinces, who give him accounts of all Tranfadions. And, 4. He obliges all the Noblemen to take Oaths of Fidelity every Year i5| And morofivcr to keep die common People {;omi ScduiQii, he employs vaft nuail ers of them, even 1 00000 at a time in Publick Works, fuch as build- ing Caftles, making K(;ads, Ddtes or the like. Ci- tiesand great Towns aie divided into linall Wards, whivh ,ire(hut up every Night, fo that tiie Iijiabi tants of one Ward can have no intetcourfe with thofe of another, and thereforo no Riots can hap- pen, or if any be begun, they calily are fupprelt ■ /for each Ward has a MagilUaic fet over it by the lEmperor. This Prince is Addtelfed to with utmofl Reverence, and Attended by a vait Number of Noblyneii and Servants. When he goes Abroad, bchdcs Nobility and theirSoiis, and.the chief Officers of the Court, whereof a great Train always accompany him ; his Guard confifts of 5 or 6 thoulaiul Soldiers. His Palaces are many and Pompuiis, tlpecially that at Ifedo. His Revenue mult needs be valtly great, fjnce the Annual i'crfions paid to the Governours of Pro- vinces, and tlic bmperors oilier Annual Expcnccs, according to the l.ilt fet forth by C.uon, and reduced to Dh(l/i Guilders, amounts to ife< Millions, which is near a8 Millions of Sterhij',. Ihefe Penlionsarc paid, fomcinGold, f.;me in Silver, others inCop- per. Iron, L(;ad, Tin, Rice, or other pri'du«fts of the refpCiftivr Province'. Of thefe tiovcriiours, twenty one bear the Title of Kings. Four are Dukes. Six Princes. Seventeen Barons. And Forty one Lords. The .Emperors Council confifts of Twenty eight of ihefe, whereof four have the Title of King"^. Befides thefe Governours, there are a great Number of Noblemen of a lo\\ti Rank. The Army which the Emperor kcers in con- ftanr Pay, is locooo Foot and icoco Horfe. But ill War, the Governours of Provinces are obliged to bring into the Field c.ich a certain number of Troops, according to the Penlion he receives; whit h in ail A- mountto 368000 Foot and '^Scto Horfe. fbey tarry FireArmsas well as Bow and Arrows; and are alio furnirtiedvlch Javelins and Srynmars. Aiidmoieovcr the Hor''i; wear Cuiralfcs, and the FootHelmets. B.y rtafoii of the f 'cnty of Mines in Jj/'o", the Re- fining Metals J praiiUfed with Ait, whence it comes to pafs, thit their Steel is exf client, and there- fore their Arms, as Scymitars, Daggers, &;c. are found to exceed all others, and therefore much Co- veted by a II the Dcighbouiing Nations, but forbid to be exported. The TEMPER of the People is thusreprcfent- cd by Travellers. They are careful in the Edu- cation of their Children, and inltilinto theirminds .T Love of Glo.y and Virtue. They arc Featlefs in Dangers, contemn Death, and bear the Inclemen- cies ofi Weather, Heat and Cold, Wet and Dry with Patievce, and contrary to all other aien- tals, fuftain Watthings and fuch like Labours in- credibly. They enjoy themfelves in Pleafurcs as- niu^h as any Body, but in want of them are not Dif- contented. They arc not covetous aftei) much Wcahh, contenting thcmfclves with a Compe- tency. They are Honourable in Fidelity, and a- TQid allDeUR^ioB. ■?3 m . M i . 31 :i."(<.;f tew' They f AT ON. m 152 They are in cehetal (fays Mtffem) Wife, Acute and Ingenious, furpalline not only the Orientals, but even r.uropeam in Docility, as the Jefuits ex- perienced in their eafy learning Latin and the Libe- ral Sciences. They obfcrvc a Dccoriini in their fommon Speech, and avoid all loofe, light or vain Prattling. But on the other fide, they are apt to Debauch in Hlcafures, and not only indulge them- fclvcs in Fornication, but commit Sodomy too with- out Rcmorfe. Robbery upon the High-way, and Pir.icy at Sea is frequent. And when in War a Town is taken, they deftroy it with Fire and Sword, without any diftindlion or rcfpedl. In o- thcr inftances, they are aifo too much addidcd to Cruelty; and in Difcontent, are apt to Jay vi- olent hands on themfelves. In Marriage, they take as many Wives as they can keep, but the firrt is Suprcam, and her Children the Heirs. Lands are Hereditary, and the Fathers Eftatc is I'oiriireil by the Son, and not feizcd by the Empcrot as III liiiiin. The Wives arc very Chaft and faithful to their Husbands, and the Children very obedient and refpeiftful to their Parents. But Brothel Houfes are Publickly kept for thofc that have ro Wives, and the very Bonii's themfelves will be guilty of So- domy. In Punifliments the Government is very Severe. Almoft every Crime is punilhed with Death, ex- cept the Criminal be a King or Prince. Cheat- ing at flay, or Fallifying to a Magiitratc, and fuch fort of Faults do coininonly incur Death. Theft, th'Jugh but of a Penny, and aftrokewith .t Sword, even though the Scabbard be on, alfo for- feitb Lite. Every Lord and Father of a Family, Ibmc lower Ranks excepted, have power over their Sub|C(Ss and Valfals to Life and Limbs. Prifons Rrc not uftd here, the Criminal being immediate- ly dilpatched. For finall Tranfgrelfions a pecu- iliaiy Mulil fatisfies. But in atrocious Crimes, fuch as violating the I lupcrors Edids, cheating liim in his Finiuncc, Counterfeiting the Coin, ill Adminiftration in Magiilracy, fctting a Houfe on Fire, Deflowring a niarryed Woman or Maid if violently. See. Not only the Criminal, but c- vcn his Father, Sons, and Brothers are all put to Death. Which is performed upon them all at the fame time, although they dwell at i or joo Miles dillance, for the time wherein Mefleiigers may arrive at every place being Calculated, the Cri- minal is Reprieved fo long, and then at the fame Mid-Day the feveral Executions are made. Thus, fays CuroH, I knew an inftance, wherein a Noble- man for exadling too much Tribute upon the Countrymen within his Government futtered Death, together with three Brothers, whereof one lived 240 Miles oif, an Uncle *vho dwelt ftill further off, three Sons, two whereof were alfo far off, and a Ne- phew in the fame Circumflancc. All thefe inno- cent Pctfons, at various diftant parts of the Em- pire, were all executed at once, by ripping up their Bowels, which is the manner of Death in fuch ca- fes. For Theft, they Crucifie with the Head down- wards. In the cafe of Coufanguineous Punifliments, the Female Relations are kinder treated, being only (old into llavcry for a time. The Kingsand Princes are rarely put to Death, but in lieu of it, arc baniflied 10 fonic barren Ifland to fpend their Days in Mifery. Their Cloathing is of Silk, Woollen Cloath bein? unknown to them, and confiAs of a long Coat, a fliort Velt, and within Doors a Mantle, which ('tis odd) they put otf when they go abro.id. Their Heads are always bare, notwithftanding that the Hair be ihorn, for they wear none but a Lock in their Pole : but generally have Umbrcllo's carryed over their Heads, Bcrh gentle and limplc wear Swords, or Daggers at leaft, and have commonly a Fann in their Hands. Their Garments arc of va- rious Colours, but contrary to the relt of the World, black is the Colour of Jo\, and ihcrefore ufcd at Feltivals, and white their Mourning Weed. Their contrariety in Cuftoms to the reft of the World, is a matter of common Obfcrvation ; be- (ides thefe above mentioned, 'tis noted of tlitni that they AffeA to h.ive black Teeth and Nails • they fit down inllcad of rifing when a Supcriout approaches, and put off their Ihoocs in Salutation and inftead of bowing, ere£l their Bodies the more (hffly when they Salute. In the Liberal Sciences they exceed all other O rientals, and are not inferio;"- to the CliMju. J|,e Bonzi'sor Dodors (tudy Philolophy, Mlthematick.< &c. .IS well as their own Theology, which tiiev teach 111 Academies cliablifhcd for the ftuciy of the Sciences. Whereof one at I'rentijnm, about 9 Miles didant from Mciio, and another at Vf.culM^iti^ are reckoned the principal. Although their I'an- guage be different, the Charaders ihcy ufc in wri.. ting arc the fame with the Chinrj. , and with them too they write, not in Lines but in Columns, be- ginning at the top go dowji to the bottom of the I'aper. Their Food is chiefly Rice, whereof as wc have faid they have the whiteft in the \Vorld, th.s they Cook in various manners, but cat very little Fleih. As for Oxen, Sheep, Hops, Poultry and tlit like, they never cat, nor kill, althou{:li their number a- bound ; nay, 'tis even capit.-il to kill an Ox : what Fledi they do Eat is that of wild IScalls and chielly Vcnifoti. Filh ihey fcniple not, and have furticicnt quantities of it. 'I heir other Ford is Herbs and Fruits, whereof they eat great quantity. In their Kitching and Dining-Rooni, they are like the Chinefi, cxtream cleanly, and like them too. feed themfelves with two little Sticks, infteail of Forks, with which they take up the fmallelt Grain, and have never occaiion to touch the Food, and coiile- qucntly need no Napkins, which are not in ufe there. For Drink ; Water is the common ufe, which it fcems they w.arm a little ; they know not the ufe of Wine or Ale, but make a Decoelion of Rice, with Sugar and Honey, which is drank in Debauch and Fuddles them. The Gentry Regale in Tea, which is much cftccmed. The RELIGION of yo^OT is Ethmc, but with no Affinity to that of any other Countrcy. They Worftiip the Sun, the Moon, and manyothct Deities which themfelves have invented, and fct up Idols to in Sumptuous Temples. The two princi| al GckIs which they call upon, arc named Xaci: and /lmid.1, to thefe they make Praters on al! occalicns, and ufe their Names as we do GoJs, as //;///;/.; bit/) w. Amida, /end ui health. Xaca, C,Mrd 1/1, They &c f A 9 N. They have no Hiflory of the Creation, nor in- deed pretend at all tu fpeak to it, but Date the Aeei of their Deities tnany tlioufand Years ago. They generally believe the Immortality of the Soul, and though they pretend not lo Dcfcribc the State of the Blelfed, they believe the Wicked will be punilhcd bv Devils, and therefore paint the Devil in their Temples in as horrid a Manner as we do, to deter Men from Sin. They generally Ljlicvc tbeWiitfjDoiflniicof Tranfmigration of Souls, which ii the Reafon they Eat no Creature that has been killed. They have rich Monafteries wherein Bonzi's live in Retirement and Celibacy all their lives. There are divers Seds of Religions, but they all agree in the Worlhip of Amitt-t and Xncj, and ill thcfc fivi- Precepts; ii'^ i. Not to kill, or eat any Creature ih:u li.is been killed, a. Not to Steal. 3. Not to coiinnit Adultery. 4. Nut to Lye. And ^.To abllain fiom Wine. The feveral Sectaries Live toijithtr Fiundly, an.l never quaml about Reli- gion, although ra h is fo very obftiiiate in In-, Opinion, that on occafioii he would Dye for They have many Ceremonies agreeable to thole of the l{cmijh Church, which might contribute to the Facility the Jefuits found in introducing Chri- flianity here .- That Work the /Vru_!;«f^f commenced about the middle of the XVlth Century, and hav- ing made fonrie Converts in the chief Cities, Father Xivicr in Ai.no Oomiti, l^"!,!. fent from IndU thttc Fathers which were foon after followed by others, and the Religion was fo far propagated, that in Kitigiliicl^ alone, there were not lefs than 40000 Chriftians, when the Perfecution began, and more- over Chappels were ere(fled all over the Countrey at reafonablc diftances, and innumerable were the Converts which the 70 Years that Chriftianity flou- rilhed here produced. But in the heighth of their Felicity, when even three Kings and many Noblemen as well as lowerDegrtes had received Baptilin ■ a fud- den order came from the Emperor that then Reij^ned, (named Combo or Combcfnmtnn ' in the end ot the Ycari6«. or beginning nf 1613. to extirpate Chn- ihanity throughout all the Provinces. Which was immediately executed, and for three Years together fo violent a Perfecution was carryed on, that many thoufands fuffered Martyrdom. And in eifeft Chri- ftianity was perfcdly Eradicated, infomuch, that although of alt the Heathen Countries, Chrillianity the fonneft gained Footing, and fpread the faftell here, it is now fo much altered, that of all Hea- then Countries where Chrifttanity has ever been Preached, this ia the molt deititutc of Chriftians. A«d fo jealous they are, that no Eipope.vis what- foeverbut the Dutch are permitted to Land there. Thefc indeed from the profitable Trade they Nego- tiate, by furnilhing the 3''f">'I': with Silk-Stuffs, Calicoes, Raw-Silk, Skins, Hemp, Linnen, Cioaths, Red Wool, Cirnients, Quick-Silver, Sugar, Spices, Porcelain, Ivory, Crabs-Eyes, Lacca, Sec. arc per- mitted to Trade here, hut dare not make the leaft fliew of Religion, not even fo much as to fay Grace to Meat. And in regard that they contemn thePiaures, Croffes, Rofarics and other Superfti- lions of the Jefuits, and trample on what thofc knelt to, the Japonefe arc content to take their Anfweti That the; arc Dutchmen, and believe them BOtChiiiHans, *53 Formerly the Inhabitants of 7.i[>on and C/j »>/<*< had great intercourfe and FKADE together, and many of each lived in the other Nation: bur a- bout the beginning of the lall Century, the J/tpr.- ticjei committing fone Infolencics in China gave an occalion to that Emperor to Fianith them in- tirely, and forbid his own Subjcfts to go to J"- pon. And after that Tnjoi.mn in Fmmcfa was made the Staple of Trade by mutual Agrrcnunt of bo:h Nations. The 'Jnponcjes alfo made great Traffick in SUm, Tonijuin and other Parts But latterly, fince the cxpulfio"- of the ChrilHans , rhe Empe- ror forbids his Subjcdts to go abiniid without e- fpecial Li-enl'e. Either becauCe lie tVars they will become Chrirtians by convcrfing with them jn o- ther Countries, or becaufe they are ap-m lie Rude in f')rc:gti Parts, or b^caiifc iln \ ufrc. co Mvr ow Arms winch we have told ytu Jiip.» aHurds of excellent 'iomperarrent. or for all thefc Reaionsas lome judye, their Navigition is much rcnrained, and the Commodities nt Simi, Tnji.in and tlie I/landi arc brought thither by the Natives of thofe Countries and the Dutch. The firft EwopT.tus tli.ir Traded to Jitpm were the Pottuguc:{c, who found the way thither in the Year 1541. Afterwards the Spmianli from rhe Phillipim Jflands made profirable Voyages thither. Soon after the Year i<'oo. the /•>;;///'.' had a Trade there; And laftly the D:/n-''. Thcfe have been a- ble to keep their Station, by to v plying, as we have faid fofar in niakiri^ ro lurw ot Religion, as' to be efteemcd not ChriiVians. But they are ob- liged to deliver up their (lurs, and all forts cf Of- fenfive Arms, and even the Rudders of their Shii< to the Emperors Commiflaries, as foon as th"y ar- rive, which are rcltored when they return. This Trade has been exceeding profitable to the Dw.ck, even to the Sum of 150000 Poniuis Sterling /ifi An- nwn, but it is diminiihed one half, (incc the fmpnr dencc they were guiltyof in the Year 1640. wi.en having obtained leave to build a Magazine .'"or theii Wares, they credted fo ftrong and beautiful a Building, that the Fmperor made them pull it down again the next Year, alledging it exceed- ed any of his own Caftles. And ever fmce, the "^apontfc have looked upon the Dutch with an evil Eye, abated the prices of their Goods, and rai- fed their own prices at pleafure. And inftead of rheir fine Building, they have been forced to ac- cept of an old Portu(iie^e Church, which was grant- ed to them for their Warehoufe in the fmall Ifland AC/A"'' near N.ing.ific, which is their chief Staple of Tiade. The Commodities of J-ip->r for Exportation, arc as we have faid Silver, fome fmall quantity of Steel, and divers other Metals, Coral, Pearl and fome Jewels, together with Rice. What the Dutch vend, there we have mentioned above anil need not repeat. It muft he noted, that no Cu- ftom cr Tax is paid on Goods exported or im- ported. The BUILDINGS ' in J^pon arc generally of Wood and of mean Fabrick, not but that there are fome of Stone, and elegantly adorned. The Temples are Magnificent, and the Monafteries of Bonzi's large and well built. There is plenty of Wood both for Building and Fuel, for which Rea- fon, as well as becaufe the Land is tubjetft to Eartk- quakes, the common People have no other but lov» wooden Hottfcs. This renders the Towns very X Subjea . -.i-.ST^ .1:: !l9 •V .1 t" ■l-"t .1%'M' IH f A T N. % ll ■ NubicCt to r-irc, which lus fcveral limcs made vaft Dfvaftations. Tlicy luvc liowevci always an A- pirtmem of Stone oi Uatth feparate from ilie reft of the Hoiiff, and is ihcicliy prcferveJ from the I'irc : htnc ihcy placi' ilicir tiv-bi'ft movialilts, and luck up ihtir i.hoifill Waris in Chcfls. And the 'I'iiJibcr building, is i licit C'han\bcr, Diniiig-Hnom, and place of lellowmg thm Goods of fni ilkr value. The Moor of the lUioms i< a Pavimciit co- \eicj with Mans, and always kt-pt very ilean , upon thcfe Matts ihc\ fit with ilieir l.cRs under them as oi'iei Oiiciuals, and with foirc inipnivc- mcnt niaki; them thcii Beds t< o. The Noble- tnenji Hoiilci arc diMili.il into two diftinifl I'arts, vvhirtof one is iv-iupicil ty the Wtntcn, wherein tiicy I.VL Kctlufr, and the oihcr polfeired by the Men, and never looked into by the Womc.i. Be- fore the Houf'.'s of the (jrcat Men, there is a Court, out >.■{ wlueh they JeLtiid i fi w fteps into the <iar>'en, whieli ii well proviJetl with green Trees •ind Fioweii, Tcnalfes and A/ounts ; and makes a j>ix)d!y lliew from the very I'mch, to whii;li there ts always a full Vifio tbrounh the Houle. The Walls of the Cbamliers arc hung with Pi£liires or p.iitited Pajier, \vhiv;h is very neatly put togcthei ; and the I'ai titions are inadc to open, or even to be removci', in fuiii manner, that out of three or foui fmall Roonti a large Hall may bcoccafionally made. The furniture is not verv coftly, nor their Cabineti befet wiih Jewels ot Plate. Porcelain Velfeis. whereof they have fonit of great Magnitude and Finencls, I'idures and fine .*)worJs are the chief Oina;nentsof ilitit Apartments: except the Furni- ture for Tea Drinking which they clioofe to have lit the iitheli Matenah they can atford. The 5>taits to the upper Apartments .ire made of Cedar, with curious Art and neatncis ; anti kept fo clean, that 110 Botiy will »rcad on them with their Shoacs on. The inaiid NIPHON or JAPON is the Main part of this tmpire, being in Extent as ive have faid, vaftly larger than the other Illands, and reck- oned to be 1500 Miles in Conipafs. I' ii divi- ded iiit'j five great Parts, whidi are fubdivided into -iS uiliint't Governments or Provinces. The chief Cities in it arc, Metco, which ^ me Metropolis of the whole Enipiie, feated near the middle of the South Coalt, on a Rtvei whuh ilfuing from the great Lake, falls lira a Bay of the Ocean. It coiirms of two Parts, the Upper and the Lower Town, and hath been for- iiierty more confiderable than at ptcfcnt, for (incc the Sceptre liatli l>ecn wreftcd from the hands of the D >)">'», the G)urt is no longer kept here; and withal, in the Civil Wars of Nabunan^a, the laft K.uhf), 111 the Year i')7i. he fct thi,s City on Fire, and burnt 9000 Houfes, which though rebuilt, are not lo Uauiiful as before. Ihe jefuits write that it contains an hundred thoufand Houfei, and that it h xu formerly no lefs than 1 80 thoufand. The Walls are of vai) eiteiit, .And the City aixl Suburbs have been reckoned 20 Miles long aod 9 broad. The Heir of the U^yr,> Family refide.s here, and keeps a noble Court, being as we liave faid Sovcieign Van- titf, very much honoured by the People, and vifited I'V tbc bmpcfut btinlelf, every il^rce or four Years, Saecai, feaicd ilfo on the South C(/aft on the Baj of Meaco, isa moft Wealthy and Populous City : on the Well its Walls are walhcd by the Sea, and on all the other lides by a deep Ditch alwav s tuU of Water, which renders it Itrong and free from external Af- faults, and the method of (liurting up the Wards or Streets in all tlie Cities , is we have laid, renderi it I'afe from inteftinc Feuds, ind therefure is retorted to by Foreigners on account of Trade. Jetl:i or Teiio, feated above joo Miles more to the Faftward, on a Bay of the Ocean to wliieh it gives Name, may be now reckoned the ehiefCity, becatilc it is the place where the Fmperor rf fules. The La (lie or I'.ilaic is Magnihcent and Stately: it is fur- rounded with three ftveral Ditches and Walls beyond one another, with large Pljins between. The Water is conveyed out o! one Ditch into the other, by fo many Pipts under ground, that they are all eciually full. There arc eiglr- or nine Gates, which are nut over againft one another, but in Angular form, to that they turn often to the right and left, before they arrive at the inner Court. Between every two (lares-, there is firft a large Plain, then an Afcni by Stone fleps into Works with high Walls, then oilier void pla- ces, where thoiifands rf Soldiers may I e ranged in Battalia on occalion. All which reniler it fefiicieiitly ftrong. The inner Court which is the Royal Apart- rr.ent, confifts of many large fpacious Lodgings, Halls and Ofliccs for the Fmrcrnr and his Wives, liir- nidicd with Groves, Canals, Filli-ponds and other conveniences, in the moft cxquifitc manner. The Lodgings and Halls arc adorned with the moll precious Furniture and Tapiftries of Silks mixed with Gold and Silver very fp'.endidly. In the Plain before this Palace, there is a Theatre, wherein Cotricdies and Plays arc A(acd. In the Circuit next without, the Emp'Tors kindred atid chief Councellors have their Palaeis. In the third Circuit which is the firll in cntring, the Kings and Princfr live in noble and fplendid Houfes covered with Gold. Beyond this third Circuit are feen the Houfes of tbc Peers, and Noblemen of lower Degree which are alfo richly adorned, and make the Cal>lc at a diftance appear like a Mountain of Gold. The Noblemen of the lower as well as higher order ftrive to outdo one another in the Splendor of their Houfes, and thereby arc cflcemed to ihew the greater icfped to the Emperor. liithcfe Houfes the Heirs of the Noblemen, whom as we have told you arckcptat Court, and the Pr.nces whoiiltheii turnsas we have faid, .irc to wait ar Court relide. Tliefe with their Attendants make a grei' Cuncourfe of People, and render the City extrcam populous. The Circuit ofthc Caflle is about five E'liUfli Miles, and the whole City may fwell to doublethat. Ihis Palace IS not talked of in the Jeluits I ctrers, beraufe it was not then buili , bemg Founded by the Emperor Taikpn who Reigned about Anno Dcm. 1600. The hinpcror has many other Caltles conveniently feated all over the Country, whereof that of Nkkt is remarkable, on account of the inaiiy thoufand Artificer!, as Goldfmiths, Jewellers, Painters, Bra- ziers, Smiths, &c. which ate kept at Work on curious pieces at the Emperors eipence. Surunga the place v^herc the Emperors clde(l Son refides. Ofiia-^ an Imperial City, Siijoja, extolled by the Dutch Embafly as a mofl deligntftil place. And Many The feconi otherwjie ca which lyesal ded on its N is rrckoncd 1 into nine Pro Capital. iV^ wauls polfelli where the I'ou XICOCO, or 1 OKOLS ing 110 I eagi I'lovinccs. ll South of Niph H Avingno', exaiil vit manner as co We llionld no' of thar parto gnat, 'twill bi miiid to it at c Travelling mc by a (hurt Rec which have no him to the ME will be alfo nci in /Ifrici:. Firft therefo general, we ir hcicntly Bount repay the lal Grains and Fr licious than t Governments be much more and fo many great part of ('/;/m.i and y _ ftacl Culture that it is n but rather the Grounds lye obfcrved,that is very full o habitants, tin c us and Ind Lazy ones, much Pcrfeil not wanting : Different ( very well be 1 us. We ha\ every Naticn ar to our Rea to be fpoken omitted. I r fore lliall fpc; In China, regular, and convenience Country (vvl •"i f A TO N. Many other confidcrable Cicie.<, and imuimcrablc Towns art- fi:cnlKTC, the whojc IHand being exceed- ing Populous, hurwehave no p.iiticiilar accounts of (k'ni, and merely tu Name them will iignitie little. The fecond Ifland in Magnitude is SA YCOCK, otherwilc called BONCK), CIKOKO or XIMt), which lyes at 'he Souch-Weft end of Niphon, divi- ded en its Noi th fide by a very narrow Straight. It IS r'lkontd i6t Leagues in compafs, and is ilivided into nine Provini.-s. The chief Cities arc Bo«^o the ("apif;il. i\.»(,M/,r, built by the /'o'^u^w^c, and alter- wauls polfeHej by the Dm/c/j. Con^eiv;/i«/«, the place wherethc I'oitugw^c fird Landed. XICOCOorCIKOK.A, oihcrwiferalled TONSA orTOKOtSY [% the third lli.inciin M.ignitudc: be- inj< 110 1 caciies in Compils, and divided into four I'lovlnces. It hts on the Eaft of 'Sr.Hock, and on the Spilth ot Niphon, at a iinall dillaiKe from ciilier, be- 155 ing divided by a narrow Channel. Its chief Cuifi are N'/ttxT, a City and Caftic of beautiful Struilhire, iIk- Houfes whereof are Magiiihcent, .ind built in our manner with GlaN Windows, whi.hi^a nnty mi Ins Country The l-uriiiluie of ilieiii iscxtreaiu ncit, and the Wainr-ottiiig of Iwcet fmellmg Cedar. In the Walls are engraved the Annals of an lent tinns, with Figures in void lp.iccs i uiioully .idorncd wiili Ciold. Of the other i.hicf Citie\ wliiili .ire i, »,/,?, Sumiehi, /;o, &c. I find nothing particular. THERE are abundance of fmall lllaiids whirh he difpcrfed round about the Coalks of ihefe large onc>.. liut nothing being mentioned by I'ravelKrs tlut de- ferves Tranfcribing ; We Hull hcrtClufe our account of JitprH. Ami thereby conclude the Dclcriprion of ASI.A, having we hope given our Kc.icler a fufficicnt View of every part of it. *i "' ■"'1 'i < "ii ' ' II-'' , 1 . t HAving now palfed through ASL^, and taken an exaiil \ iew of the Countries of it, in as ample a manner as could be done with certainty and truth. We lliould now proceed to AFRICA, butfhcdiftance of that part of 4tiica we (hall begin with, being fo great, 'twill be unnatural ro our Reader to turn his mind to it at once, and ihercfbrc to comply with our Travelling method, Ihall return back over Land, and by a fhurt Recapitulation and mention of a few thingit which have not been fpoke enough to; wc will lead himtotheMEDITERRANEAN-SfcA, of which it will be alfo nccelfary to fpcak a little before we Land in /Ifric/t. Firft therefore, to conlidei this Trad of Land in general, wc may truly fay, that Nature has been fuf- licicntly Bountiful to it, and the Earth willabundantly repay the Labour of the ingenious Planter. I'he Grains and bruits here produced, being far more De- licious thanihole of Euicpc, But the Tyranny of tlie CJoiernments fo far difcourages Iiiduftry, that it may be much more wondcrd there is lo much work done, and fo many Manufaiftures produced, than that a great part of the Land lies uncultivated. In Pr>J'nt, ('himt and J/tpon where Lands are Hereditary, we fee enact Culture and admirable Plenty, which (hews that it is not the natural Lazynefs of the Orientals but rathcn he precarious Property that makes their Ground.s lycuntilled. The Header cannot but have obfcrved.that PerfiaJi!di.t,Cl>iria,and all beyond lutkiy, isvery full of Inhabitants, and tluit among tbofe In- habitant:, there is much a larger number ot Ingeni- cus and Induftrious Men than there is of Rude .ind Lazy ones. That manuil Arts are praiftifcd with much Pcrfcilion ; and that Politeiiefi of Manners is not wanting among them. Different Cuitoms, Food and way of living may very well be expe£fed in Countries lb far diftant from us. We have been careful lo note the Manners of every Nation, and the variety is thereby made famili- ar to our Reader. But that which ought efpecially to be fpoken to, as moft affediing Strangers has been omitted. I mean their waysof Travelling, and there- fore lliall fpeak a word of ic here- in Chiru, the Voiture in general is good, the Stages regular, and the palTagc fafe. All over India that convfnicncc is wanting, and even in the iWi);;ui"s Country (which is the molt legular part of it) the Travellers arc obliged tofurnifli tlicmli'lvcs with I'.n- vilioiis and Guards; fur there are nu Inns 'ipoii the Koad-s ; and the Comrry is inu h incited with /<?)- hodci, who Prey upnii I'alleng.n. Neither are cun the great Cities furnilhcd with Ciiravanfcravsor great Inns, .isin I't-rfi.i and I'lrkn. In /''■■//';, the (ioverii- ment fecurcs the Roadi; I'lu m Ji/'i;.7 they arealways infeftcd with Robbers ; ihiTe llerd in great B.dies, and are not to be aw'd but by a hrge Coinp.iny. Whcretore no Man ventures to'lVavel but in a Cara- van, that isto fay, a laigeTroopof Men, ol'teiiiiiues 5 or 6oo who are all Armed, and .\n innumerible Train of Camels and other Cattir : Thefc encamp a-Nights in the open Air, and keep Centinels on ad (ides. But perhaps it may pkal'e our Reader better to have it from the Travellers themlclvcs wUn have beciubere, wc Ihall therefore Tiaiifcribc a Paijgraph from la-jcrnii-i . 'A Man (fays he' cannot Ti.ivcl in.//;.ias they ' do in JiH(o/T, nor at the Uinc Hours or with the ' fame Eafc. There are no weekly Coai lies or Wag- gons from 'I'own to Town, and bclides, the Soil of ' the Countries i'- nf levcral Natuiej, for you frc- ' (juciuly meet with Lands unfilled, and Countries ' wiipeoplcd, eithtr through the badiiefs of the Soil, ' or ihe lloth of the Inhabitants. There arc valt De- ' farts to crofs, which are very dangcrous,both for want ' of Water, and by realon of thcRoberiesthe //i.i/i ' daily conMuit in thole places. Thcbcft Inn* are the ' Tents which you carry with you, and your Holh are ' your Servants, who get ready the Victuals you tur. ' nifh your felf with at the Towns you pals through ' for there are no certain Stages or Inns upon the Road, ' at lead in Twk^y. In I'cjin, the Caravenlcrays or ' Inns arc more frequent, here you may be furnilhcil ' with Proii'ions for Monev. InTurliry, the Coun- ' try is full of Thieves wlin keep in Troops together, ' arid way-lay the Merchants upon the Roads, and ' if they be not very wi P guarded, will notonly Kob ' but Murther them, hut m Pcjli, PalTengcrs pay a ' certain Duty to the CJovcrnoiirs of th; Provinces, ' and :f"' King obliges the Governours tofecurc rhe ' Roads,and repay thclofs a Travellerlulhin«, vvhere- ' fore it is not nccelfary to Travel with the (.aravins ' there. In Travelling with the Caravan, fays Father ' Av> HI, you muft be on Horfeback by break of Day, ! and T;avel till Noon, or till ^ou come to. conveni- ent i.'.ni n >.,• ! I-- ':-':»iriii ■ii ' ' 11 1^6 f AT N. 'I I ill ;i'> I' ■ ont place fut Water o' Forage. Tluru- you tarry ' perhaps i llours, and rclrclh your fcif with FooJ, ' rruir, (Jotllc or wlut yciu liavc got. Then you ' mount ai^ain aiul Travel till Ni((hf, when they en- * camp 111 a KiikI ot' HiicloUirc or Entrenchment (ur- * roiiiiiinl with Ropes, to which they tyc the Horirs. ' 'I he lk;;i>,ip,(; bciiij; placcJ in the middle, rvtrv ' Bofiy get's a., mat it x- he can, and havinp, taken ■ his .Slipper l.os himfelf to Rctl under the Ten*. ' which he nitilt briiij; with him. And by realun the ' ('ar.iv.iiii are expolevl to Robbers, there are always ' rertaiii IVrloii'- appointed to I'airol coniinnaliy in " tlic Night timL-, and by Hallowing, give notict ' both tothe(;ai.i\aii and totheEiieiny, that they an ' upon their tiuaid. All the Ri);i;ai;e is carryed on the back of Came!';, whcrcjt' there arc niJinarily "i or (Uo ;n a t'ara\jr,. This Creature i.se!irrejmly htitJ by Nature to Travrl ill tlicreCoiiiunc, for Ufides hisStreiigrh which uu li!cv hiiiuocaity a I.".ui of '■■-j pound Weij^ht, he live- with nuiclilefs Foci cr W'.ifei tlian other Crea- tures. When the Caravan .f|f and ihe C'iinels arc unloadiii, the Drivers turn •./in iuuif iiuo the Com- mon to cat Furze, Thillle', a;.d M h lorry Food as the CIrouiid affords, and when rhcv -ime in at Ni<;ht. as lliey regularly <.\o, they give ihcni fmall Palls of Dough made of Barley-Meal. They will ordinarily live without Drink eight or nine Days together The Female goes eleven Months with young, and affoon as the Foal is come foith, the keepers l.ip the l.ei{sunder It, and keep it in a kneeling poflurc for 15 or Jo Days, whereby they habituate tlieiii from infaiiLy to knee!, which they very obediently perform at any time, arid thereby fu-ilitatc the laying on and taking otf his Load. There are two forts of them, namely oneforc fit only for hot and dry Soils, and cannot Travel in wet dirty Countries; and another which is larger and capable of carrying a Burden of 1 500 pound Weight, but cannot eiukue Heat. Mr. Tavemcir fays, they are fo.irtec\cd with Muli.k, as by it to be provoked to Tiaveloii when weary, or to mend their pace at other times. There runs a great Ridge of MOUNTAINS both wa\ 5 tjuitc crofs .•(/i<f,that is to fay, from Wcftto Eaft Mount TAURUS, which commences in Aniuoliaand runs forward to the Kaflern Ocean, and is computed to contain 111 length, all its windings and turnings confiderednearupon6ooo Miles. Of one part of it, namely. Mount Ctticafui we have fpoken, when we treated of Afm^rWia, p. 59. to which we refer our Reader for a knowledge of rhc heighthard qualityof this Mountain. The other Ridge is Mount IMAUS, wh ich beginaeth near the Shore of the Northern Ocean, and dividing Scythin into intra 'and extra Imniini, paf- les forward direiflly South between Pcrfia and India, cutting 1 Jill Mi in right Angles, and continues to Cape Comotin. Wefhall trouble the Reader with no mote remarks concerning ////<», what hectn elfe defire to know ii told him in the general Defcription of the feveral Re- gions, and hning there alfo fpoken of the Bltuk^^eti, the Cj/^mfi-Sm and the PetfiAn-Colf,:-. We have tie thing to hinder us from piocecding to tlie Mcdiio- rAucan-Sea, whiuh patti Luiope IroiU '/;it<, whitliei we are next to pafs. The MFDHERRAKEAN-SnA fo called .ubeii,,, liinoiinded wi;h L.iiid on all tides except at (he iwij Straights, that of iUhrattcr on the Weif, wbicli lets the .itianti.XOitixx into this great Bay, and the B'./- ^.jiKKi on thcFalt, which lets i\k HU '^w i.uxiif.^ta iM'o It. It was named by the Ancients//"//; /'/iwi. W/i.,, Mif Mitx'iu'x and Mi'c lilt- urn. And by the J^jk,. um,', at th;s Da\ 'ti« called A/.t> di- I tvnii.-. Ihe Situation of the Mcilirfij»eii>:-!iri, is bciwien ific H ani! ^}l)eg. of I.atit. having /:'H.ii;-on tlic Ni)rth, an<l ///iioon the Souih. In Jeuiiihitcoii- rains 709 leagues. The /Ji«r/' Maps indeed reprc- Ti'nt itnrii h longer, but if the Corrcdion of Lonk^ir. be obferved, this will be found thccxai'.t length. For the Straights Mouth is weil known to Iyc6 Utp. Well from / o)tdm. And by an Oljfervatioii iiiaJetlifrc, 4- Irpfn isknownto lye 38 Deg. 45 Min, Eaftfroni Lon. dull, anil 'icnndcnu which is the Fort to /iltpft is known to ftand i5o Miles Wefl from ^Vfffo: which leaves therefoie ^7 Deg.4-, Mm. Fait, ami 6 Deg Welt that is.jj Deg. 45 Mm. of I ongit. for the full ■. ,i.tli ot the ^leditcrrD/iri-.u-Sfii. Degrees of l.ongir. in 35 IJ. Latit. are of the breadth of 49 Miles ," whicli being computed, will appear to amount to 2l^^ Mil;s (it 7e.; I eagucs. It is obfervable, that the Water always flows into the M/-/i>cf,!«:rtM a; the Straight of O/iM'^--, out of the W/ij«r;V/; Ocean, and alio .is conftanily Hows m at the Bofphnrus front the lihKk-Seit. Captain Bdlnnd, v\ ho made nbfervation there tells ti.s, rhat inp Yeais time that he lived ar Tj»<cr, he never faw'it fail, that Ships in the middle o'f the Striight, n< i hiiidrcJ by contrary Wind, are carryed into the Mrdurrra 'in by the Stream. And iris well known, tlw at Cot.- jLintimplr i ftrong Stream fcts :(lways in t, ti 'I BUcl{;Se.i. What becomes of all this Water wi.ich IS thus thrown into the Meditennncf.n, is a Qjicltioii that is often asked, butnoteafily anfwered. Whether at the bottonn the Stream runs out ; or whether the Sun exhales Vapour .-nough to anfwer the iiiHiix, as Mr. f/rt//f; fecms indined'to beliew, is notcal'y to de- termine. It is alfo obfervable, that ahhough m the middle of the Straight, there is a broad Stream tha' always fcts in, yet on each (ide there is a S-.ream of, a third part of that breadth, that Flows fix I louts and Ebbs fix Homs every Day. And that a narrower Stream along the Ihorc on each fide. Flows and Ebbs alfo in II Hours, but at diredly contrary times than the other. So that on the 1 11 Day of the Moon, it is Flood at one a Clock and Ebb at fevc n, in the two Streams lyinp next to the tniddle Stream. And the fame Day it is Flood at ten a Clock, ind Ebb at tour in the two narrow Streams neit the llioar. Or rather it Flows at ten and Ebbs at four onthc Ah'cin Ihoar, and Flows at eleven a Clock, anil Ebbs at five on the European flioar. As we axe aflured by the faid Captain Bdlond, D] AFRICA. I^l General and Particular DESCRIPTION o F AFRICA. A F R I C A. ' I- ":.'*- ■'«•-•!>: I -.I'lt '; 1' >i ii':\ Wit ,i f K I C //, a Map o±* 2 AAR A. NEGROE-lwAND. GXJ IISTE A c^c.t. »/<,/(;; ,, i: .ofi:!. Sanl^aya K P^4. ji r or Li:l?•■w____;»• I Tag-r* K. . X^mpa JUul'T! BirJo !!,-.»• r^n^4 r^-v'? "^ ^ A A RiTA r^ OR THK (;;(;i- _^ Sum* ■ D E^ s. ..w*-* «yS =R ti^K, ^S T*r.A.A -T H. iTv'I' -^ ^ o . ' ' sTof tKc 'i*** sta rarA K lA#rfM X^it I JAfM £l> f'At^xmij . J*>* \4*nJ*\ '»'*",.. faints I lujjtm -iiui£ar«K:- » o < '^ \s.,h.,h.. ./«. S ^' ^, O-llttU \ Jyjiyu >«.Ju^' U J>t^rit. rt* ld«» of C. VK K.1) } J"' Xoanv-o X , • Ji. .*■■ iiT-^" ^ S'Jtih'itJar .«p^ '-■VV^K V -v*. // F R I C A. 16-!; ''JT. X-.^v/'-vS NNX^ l'*,.-^'; ^\: ?cr B A It ^Ji A \ii -r: v-^ .»t\-f' .»-.*'— jP.oti v^ ..». wtrert of Bare A -^% .,/:?: t i • p. '•^ . .■■■■••. ,v''-. •'j-~-i .■•.»■■■•■■•■'"""" »*■* ^»« Arabia ci%,J^ MA po/y DiiAiiT or lujr^tj r Zaara .-*►,/ 'JT^ it ■•/•'• tP Egypt and BARCA /Cc irX' <fo ''(/- ..^^ f G 6-» . /■*■ M.* »ti/f jn Ml/ pUi Pa r t ok Eg y p t Not a m.J-orJ^tnjJom. "S.far F^onli'. " '" ' ' /A^ Tut ' it'P/'f^iJ h^L}na. tu the Turkj ^irttfttni if'.'N Tlie Soi-inai-s Countrv. f ■*i/' \ .»>\!r. -fc^Bii-ov' K.. /v,„^^/ j'iVi; ^ Mujaco X>ancl , w»> - pDEMB'VA «? k GAlCHKfi§ „^. BitCC errm d* St -■*»BvcifA K ' X'->j<.C<jpaciikK. ^•«i ABIS SI]SrA ANn NXJBIAc^c •ijANCAJLA. ,ii/ A. l A B A K. _ •KJfc' /": '»■•» .....•■••■• '^ ^Part ok Jlmii of Deltas A.K l a %\ m ly^ ' .: Il 164. AFRICA J" Tk Cove :.-^«-v»r*'-*i "j »~^^ £ rmo p .r.A . , •'""'"fi; „ Macaco i:r\, fi.\<-y.S^ c-^*^^i* ''^^-^'i'-*^ 5;—. »j'»-»->'- I. • yl l.«nd |J|f'i!vcA i O X A . rJ^ C A* Auiftt iulf TrtA cKimlM-lhF InKatnbA rT5fj' I'* .-^' o./„,,. C. Caitnas\ .dr.r .. _ _' A-fif^^'-* J'-l/.n. N D^t'^u i;X)^i.! it. -/t^l? L. Atffft^pt Utif < i'' + " /"rp-^ CojNTGo Angola CAFRES. Mois o - E3/IXXGI . Alonotnotapa . ZangtieDarcOMaaaeaicav. So P^§ f. R R A r A. 3Ar. i68.Parag.2. l.m.6. for£rt/? readlM. P. lep.in theTable,col.i. I. ulr. for fl/;;.,?/?, r. rw<i*. ■ 1'. .70 col 2. Paras. 7. Im. i. for&«^, r. Soia.. P. ,7, col. i. In,. 2. fc.r fW/.-rW, r./m<,/Lw. '. 172. col. I. hn.9. fbr .W?., r.5rM. P. 173. col. 1. 1,„. ,2. for^;/?,i»f, r.^,>?,>rf^ Ibid! col. 2. Par 5. \ I. for Provmcc V. hm.idom P. 174. c. 2. I, 5 for /,.«»., r. L.cm,. P. ,77. c. 1. 1. 9. Jy„,„ th honol, hxOHnmcn, r.Oown,m-« P. 178. c. 2. 1. T4. for «/, r.yetlmwHr Mcr,. Ibid. 1. HMTrtcs,r.Sprh,gl Pag. 1 81. c. I. varag. i of r«;/» . c. for G.addmU, r. C.uMbarbay, and the fame in all otl^cr places. P. 182, CI. 1.4. foiPaions,r.P>;Jons. Ibid. c. z. 1 42, {^r Rivers, r. Rnins. P 184 c ■> 1 1- f.r Afomh .J Ctpt T. Mouth oj the Bay. ofC.we P. 186. c. 2. 1. 32, for Suet, r. S»z. P. lio. c "i i -"i tbt AhH,n.wu, Anb.a, r. Mo,mtMnsj>^>„ Mnhi.i, \\ 192. c. 2. of BilectuigeruL |. 5. f, ,r a Lake c^'minl r. middk- c<^. for >4"«"/f. r. ^^g"*' ", corrca the (ame n, other places. P.200. c. i. !. ,6. ior Amha<,,iexe»\ r A»,U-(.ua<e„. P. 20:. c .. \.ao Uycf.itt r.fah \>. 205. c. i. parag. i. of A'ef^roU,d, I. n. fur Ghi.ci, r. Coii^o. Ibid, after the Table, 1. 1. for IVc/irv.ndh , r. Eojhdy. P ^08 r i 1 1 for Cmquu,y.C.u,.iHCs Ibid, alter the Table , c. 2. 1.2. for .^f.vt^;,,,,;,-,, r. Em-opcm. ■p;2i2.'in the 1 .ible after M.ymr.b.,, M.by •, and for l.r<„^n^ r.Cyleuf^o. \\ 2 1 2. c. 2. 1. 26. Ibr /:..>;^^,,;;-, r. Rher. Ib.d. 1. 48, for Pot r. Pots. P. 215. c 2. 1. 5T: for ./«//, r. m \>. 220. c. 1. oUhder.^, \. ,7', for f«r. t>j.</, r. tiiKchM. P. 223. C. 1.1.49. tor /!/.</( .Of ;//>/«, r. A/.ijtaraih.n, |>. 226 c I 1 48 Yor vilm- mt.'ije, r. .<// .i« Immc»jf. \>. 22S c. 1. 1, penult, of iV»r//j ^,/«m,/, for 0«; v,.v,;, r. Ouivirt Ibid c I ^ASouiu A>:,p■k^, 1.5. \uxR,odrL,H.,dn, x. Rlyk U H.>cb„. Ib.d.r?:. 1. 1. for .V ...«;r.Sm.;/V.' Ibul. 1. )8. for Crnyo, r. r.«ye. Pag. 234. 1. 62. for AW-, r. E,ie. Ibid, for C«/, r. Cat. P. 23*. L k. for Border.in, T. Jioimd.in. ' }i' V Since the writinji the Atcotii.t of the Afriu,^ llland?, and anu.ngxkin of chat calld f/.^-riMMie of tlie <?.«,;>•/«,«..■ are ii f .nn d oy S/|.;;/,,j,vij, wlio rave boo noon ir, that tiic Story 01 ihc Tree turni!hin2 It with VVrttcr, i;^ altogether Uhulous, as w.' iulp^^itcd, tlKrebenu. .lothinglikc ■: ■, but the Illaiid lias n.. Springs or utha- liel . V\ atci, ami tlkreloir- the Inhabitant- have all j^reat Cili.rns, m whiil. thcv laVC the Kaiii to Icrvc thi'm all tlic ^ ear. Flu- i.ime i m tl;c Hla!-;! taUd /. i>. :..,,;,, e. ' ILFRIC /-\ intow ^ *^ v.drti, xciCow of itsb much inferior and coiifi.-<iuei fou-a, except flic greatert Obfc irity, as bcliev'd not prelciit beiiig_ ny taithcr lies alon;'^ tl-^ Corn , tni at all iiiT.es ' Afu'icks. T ,!iitirily defj the fcoiching Torrid Zone, vcllcr? 1 for the Uarbarity them Parts, ra'c Climate, People fo Sa have little mo ail uncouth f< to be there aU( Continent bu th.tt they ral coiifin'd to tl vature convey Riiii-im, whu wns over-run tciwai'ds by 1 TratV of Lai ouis, only tli tin- (Ids h.ivm World ;, lor t other Parts, ■i.ih:. Thus 1 have r,iven v the World c; was alio h> Saviour of t Hal tliiiher t The Name is U'.'d by a it Il.iz.ei. It h, h'uriihi.i, or u,rcat Malle lonivs us •,_ . horniw'd In it fignities o ly lo tall'd Continent is the lame Ai the V\ ell, ii to their Col /Uktb:d.t>!, II moliigies ot and li;r the pofltively di varioully ri\ Contvptions doubt, but AFRICA in General, CHAP. r. Of AFRICA in general. i6i AFK ICK w;is the lift of tin: three Parts ii\to which the World was anciently di- ' vidfcl, andftill holds the third Place, by tcaH)!! of itsbiinp, known before Jminca, thouoli much inferior toil, either for Extent,or Wealth, and confc<|uciitlv to all the others in every re- fncrt, except only that it is larger than luirope. The Rreatell Part of it has ever continu'd in Obfciirity, as bcinft wholly unknown, and even believ'd not habitable m former Aaes, and the prelent being little better aciuaintcd with it, a- ny farther tlian the Coarts. As much of it as lies alon;' the Mcditcrrane.ni Sea is fruitful in Corn, tno' fiibjeft to violent Heats, and !■■ at all viir.cs been refortcd to by Europcitii and Jpticb. The Midland, once belicv'd to be iiitirrly defart and iiiaccellible on accaunt ot the fcorching Sun lyiiii; over it, as being in the Torrid Zone, has been yet little vilited by Tra- veller? , for the fame Realbn, and no lefs for the Harbarity of its Inhabitants. 1 he inoft Sou- tl'ern Parts, which extend to a m^re tcmpe- ra'e Climate, art generally the Dwellings ot a People fo Savage tliat they may be laid to have little more of Man befides the Shape and an uncouth fort of ! aiiguage. Learning fecms to be there altogether extind, nor tan that great Continent boall of any in loriricr times, but tlut they rali'd, The Wildom of the {-fyptuns, confin'd to that iing'e Kingdom, and luiiie Lite- v.iture convey'd int) the Northern Coafts by the StMiw-s which ali penlh'd when that Country \\;is over-run b\ the barbarous l-^afi,Lils, and af- terwards by the ^1>d's. Nor has that mighty Truii: of Land been more fortunate in Warri- ours, only the Inf'^" l^i'ifi' '""•' ^''«^ f-'""J'- ji«;,;,w having eve: made liuh a figure m the World;, for the 'i/fli>-.(,whoconquer'di>j/« and iither Parts, were not native ^frii.vis, but yf- lil'. Thus we lee that only l\c\pt and ihvb.iry liavt iViven what Reputati'.n t!iis Quarter of tlie World can claim V and of theletlie former was alio honour'd with tlic Preieiire of the S.iviour of the Work!, when in hu Infancy he flul ililther to ihun the bloody Hands of Hood. The Name of Jf-icli^ <j( yipu.i, is that which is us'd by a'l I nyupt.ins ; but the y/.v//.".j call it /;.j:Lrt.ir^^ according to /.'.««/»•"•'<'■, the Ai'Uis I;<l»-iihiaj or ratlier .ijinki.:!/, as HnOcui, tliat great Mailer of the Oncut.J Languages, in- fnnivs US ■■, and t!;is general Name iiie\ liave bormw'd from tiie linropcms \ for among them it lignifies oiili, the Province of j-lji.i'', proper- ly lo call'd , and tiie Name this vail piece of Continent is peculiarly knov.'n by auiciig tliem, the lame Author tells ns, is MM^ich, figinfymg ihe Wefl, ill regaid of its Politioii, in relpeit to tlieir Coi'iitf, ■, lalUy the l'.thi«pi,t>is (lile it /llkib.'il.iii, ai iiia\ be leeii in Hol'>-'- "f hr lity- mologies of aticitnt Namesare always uncertain, and tiT the moll part we ratlier guels at, than P'ljitivelv iletermiiie them. So tins of Anii-i is variuiilly rtprifenied, aiilvverable to tlie luiidry Cnncvptions of Autliors ^ however there is no (!'HI ibt, but it was at firlt peculiar to that Pro- vince, which lies along the Alediterrmetn^mA extended from the ancient Maiintanij on the Well, to Cyrcihiic.t on the Eaft, where is now the Kingdom of Tunit. By degrees it became, univerfal to all that Quarter of the Worlds but whence at firft deriv'd is the difficulty. Some, and among them Emanuel de Faritt y Soiija, iu his ^ficii I'ortnguefa derives it from Melee 1- jhuqiiiy a King of Arabii Felix, \sho being over- thrown on the Banks of the NiU, by the Ethi- (ipuiiis, forded the Kiver with the remainder of his Forces, and fettled in the Eallern Parts of B.irl'.iry, leaving his own Name to that Country. Jrifcphiis will have it f^) call'd from Fpher, or ji- /f*- the Grand Ion oi Abr.dmm. f(r//«j, the Gram- marian fuppofes it to be (?ivfX',froin A Privativuin and I'brice^ Cold i importing a Country free from Cold. 'John Leo brings it from the Ara- bitk Fuviiai to divide, in regard it is feparatcd from Europe by the Mediterranean, and from Afi.i by the Red Sea. Others derive it f^m the Hebrew Aphir, Dull, with rcfpeft to the faiidinefs of its Soil. To conclude, Bocij.irt fecms to liave as ipuch Realbn as any of them, in ma- king it a corruption of the ' rhoeniciMi word Pheric, or Pberuc, fignifying an Ear of Corn, whereof there was great Plenty in the Province properly lo call'd, which that trading Nation convey'd to feveral Parts , but enough of this, let us proceed to its PofitioH. AFK ICK in that lel'pea lies South of Europe, and Well of Afi.i , extending in Lon gitude 8} Degrees from Kafl to Wefl, bein^ near 5000 Miles. Its 1 atiiude is from about 36 Kortli to about iS Soutli,ina!l 71 Degrces.,or near 4310 Miles, including the wliole Torrid Zone, and part of the two Temperate ones, for which realbn it is all fiibjeft to extellive Heacs, with- out any Cold, unlefs Ibme little in the moll Soutlierii Part. It is bounded on the North by the Mcditcrtanea>i,vi\\\d\ divides it from Europe; on the l'..iil by the Red Sea, feparatinR it from Afii, to which it only joyns by a fmall lilhmus, or neck of Land that cuts oil' the Communicati on of the Mediierr.ineu)! A\v)i RedSea,.\nd on the South and Wefl by the Main Ocean. The Soil varies according to its Situation and otlier Circmiillances, the Northern Parts being mall ftmtful, and yielding abundance of Wheat, whem.. many other Countries were formerly lupply'd. Ihe Midland is mollly Icorch'd up by tlie Sun, winch ocrafions vafl Delerts of Sa^id, wliere^ notliing can be protluc'd, but where tliere are Rivers and other Waters the Inhabiiants live upon fuch things as the Land will afford, which liiall be mention'd when we come to treat of tliole Place*. Asmuchas is witliiii the South- ern Temperate Zone abounds m vail numbers of Cattel, large and fair, and will produce any fortsoi Iruit or Grain crryd thitlier from Lit- lupi; or other (.Countries, ^et lies moll waftc, tlirough the Ignorance and Harbarity of the Natives. • •* T liofe People in general arc the moll niipolifli'd of the<hree ancient Parts of the World. Alonit b b b the 1^\ ml ■1 \1 ill ii.»l 1 Mi '- If m ii-^ 'M 1 55 AFRICA in General. m t!ie CojIT-s of the Afeditor.vK.Di, where the yi- ribs formeilv evrciided their CoiirjiKlls, they »re moll civili/.'d, that Nation , rciiown'cl in thofe n.iys, hwiiis ilill retain'd ioinrtiuiiji of fhfir former r,overnmciU and more !iiiinan way (if liviiij;. The imier Regions, lefs known to iis, as fcarceever frequented by other Nations, con- tinue in i^rearir Ignorance, and entire privation oTail Politciiefs i and the moll Southern are al- together brutal, or lavaRo. The State of Religion is here, for the great- cTl part, very deplorable, all the Northern Coaft being fiibieft to Afihomeritns, who keep what few rhriftiaiis there are among them in mifcra- ble Siib'ortio'i, or Slavery, the Jc.v, being in no better C'ondition. Towards the I'.ail there are fome remains of Chrilbauity amonj; the /;(/>;«/)('- ttrs, tho" almoft burie<l in Ignorance. On the Well great Ninnbers have been Converted by the Porti!i;,!rfii and others, fo that almoll all fhe Kingdoms of dni^oAnA ^/ii^el.i hr.'c rcceiv'd the Light of the Ciofpel. All ilie rell of that mighty I and continues in Idolatry, or rather fupine Stupidity, there being fcarce any IVatk of Divine VV'orl'liip among many ot thole Savage Nations. • 1 he fliapc of this Peninfula, for fnrli it is, as being furronnded bv the Sea on all fides, ex- cept on the Fall, where it joyns to ylfi.i by a fmall lilhmus or neck of Land fome compare to a Pyramid, others to a Heart, and others to a Triangle •, but all thele mull be much lupply'd by Fancy. The principal Wealth of itconlilh in Gold Mines and ElephaiitJ Teeth, both which carry moil Nations in Europe to Trade o\\ fe- veral par's of its Coaftj. As it has not much variety c ' Commodities, fo it over abounds iii ravenous Beads and Birds, and other noxious Creatures Europe is more free from, as Lions , T\gers, Elephants, Rhinocerots, Oflrichcs, Ea- aks. Serpents, of iundry Kinds, infinite Num- bers of mifchievoui Inlefts, anci offenfive Ani- mals. The Lions of Numidi.i are reckon'd the fierceil in the World •, the Elephants o.' Ntgro- Itnd have the whiteft Teeth , and the Sarkiry Horfes are the bcft (liap'd. The priiuipal Rivers of ylfrici are the Nile and the Niger, other wife caU'd Gambe.t-^ and themoft noted Moun- tains that the Ancients call'd yitlas, by the Spa- niards nam'd Montei Claros , and Mountains of the Moon, by the Natives call'd Bedi^ of all which we fliall fpeak in their Places, ancl there- fore add no more here. The a\;cieiit Divifioii of j4frick nrder the R.>- VIMS vvas into fix Parts, vit.. -rifiii.i, properly fo call'd, Miiirit.mi.: Cxj'.r-ienfi<, Al.ririt.tiiit 1.,.- git.ii/,t, Numidi.i, Trip'jiitM.i, and Jii^acn,], ail which amounted to little more than the prc- lent Ihirb.iry, but vvas all they polfeired, or were aciiuaiiited with-, except the KiiU'.do'n of £,;(p: they did not reckon as part of Ui.itk. .s';>j/i> condemns thofe who reckon'd Afriik as a tliird partof tlie World, looking upon it asineoiinje- rable \ bur Ptiiten.y, who knew much move of n went farther than any other, and divided it in- to twelve Regions, viz. i. AiMiyittviiaTm^it.vi.i now fi?;. and Afoyaic:'. z. Mi:iriia'ii:iCxl.irit>r,s^ contiiining tlic Kingdoms of Argier and Treme^- ^.cri. 3. Nuir.ih.t, or liikiliUf.erid. 4. .•//.■;>.•; properly lu c.iU'd, or the Kingdom of Ti'ms, 5. Cyrtiuii: I, or the Kingdom of A (r, ;. 6. M,,,- M.m'c.i, another part ot the Kingdom of /i.tn-.t. 7. Liiy I pr,p,i~i, Mijxher partot the fame King- dom. ^. Lthyi interior, ox HrlcdGi-newi. g. . -E- fyptiis jiiperior, the Vpper Egypt. 10. ^yt^yotni i'lfiriorf the Loner E^pt. n. 'yEthiopiufy.pciior, the upper iihwpia. 12. tAithiopiu inferior, the lower Lthiopi.i. By this we fee, that famous (Ico- graphtT knew not the one hzU'of Afr:clk. 'fohn Leo, who liv'd about the Year 1526, with :ill his Indullry was not much more fnccefsful, for lie divides it into only four Part;, which are B.irb.iry, Numuiia^ Lihy^t indNifruiJ. To the twelve Regions o| I'tolemy may tc ac'ded A^l- jymba, being the prefent Kingdoms of Monomo- tip.t, AtomemHgi, and G.ttcs ; Byzacen.i. part of the Kingdom of Timii, Oetu'ia and Gjr.tm.Mi,!, being BiledidgtndmA Z.n,.i ; Ni^ritjrui;! Res^io, which is Oiiinej and Negrcl.t,.d ; and Trop^i'jUitt- c;<, or the Coall of the Cifres. Having given thefe former Divifionsof y*/>;fyt for the Information of thole who read ancient Authors , we nove come to the prelent , as ic ftands at this time, aid is bed kno^n to us , which can be taken from none better than S.in- [on, with Ibme (inall improvement from ilie lateft Dilcoveries. This is bell done by way of one general Geograpliical Table of all the principal Regions fubdivided into their jiarticular Pro- vinces, reierving the Situatior, Limits and Ex- tent of them till we come tc fpeak of each in its proper Place, where Ihall W. added other Tables of their Provinces, and the Towns of Note in every one of them. The NEGROLANI AFRICA in GetierJ. 167 s ■ The General Geographical Table of Africa^ rr AFRICA comprehends <' I. TBARBARY. EGYPT. BUEDULGERID. SAARA. NEGRO-Land. ^ GUINEA. V On the Continent thefe REGIONS. < NUB! A. abissynia. zanguebar; CONGO. MONOMOTAPA, and L the Land of the Cafrts. IfMADERA. I The CANARIES. ICABO VERDE. In the Ocean the ISUNDS of < |; ]^^^- I MADAGASCAR, aid . XiOCOTORA. In the Mediterranean, that of ^ MALTA, ' ,'!'«ll ' ? ^'l '!<■ Thefe are again Subdivided as follotvs'i TMorocco. j Fez. gARBAkY con- 1 Argier. tani'j ihe King-< Tiiiiis, clonic. oJ' Tripoli, jnd I Barca, depending ,L on Tripoli, I EGYPT. Upper, Middle and Lower. BILEDULGE- RID. T ^TeflTct. JVDahra. OntheVVcft^Taftkt. iSegelineire, Clegorann. jon ^Zeb, theEaft; Biledulgerid,. \The DetlofBatca. fZanhasa. 7,uenziija. ZAHARA,orthc| Targa. Delirt,coinpre-«^ Lcnpta, or Suma. liending thole of j Btrdoa. .■oil t Gaoga, or Katigna, LBonio. i fliualata. I Gcnchoa. North of I Tombut. NEGROLAND<i thcNiger.<; Agades. contains I Caiio. I I Callena, and C XCiang^ra. f TZanfaraJ ZeRzeg; NEGROLAND<; South /)» i^Q^g^, jtheNiger. .Ma„din^jj I ] Soufos. XMeUi. Between the chesofthe jalof. Bran- NCafanges." Niger, <Bi)agos. (Biafares- f Guinea. GUINEA is divided into/ Malaguetta, aud tBeuin. ^The Country on the Nile.' NUBIA into2The InUnd. ^ThcDelerlofZeu. ffBamaga/To.- Tigreinahon," Angote. Bagamedri. Dainbea. Goyame. ABISSYNIA into the .Cafates. Kingdoms of ^ Amahara; Xoa. Damut. Narca. Fatcgar, ^^Dubai. 6bb ZANGUEBAlN; '■^H 'M i($S ZANGUEBA the Prov 'JS A K'B A R T. .nc« of \t« , Zangnebiir. Coaft o»" Abes. CONGO into-, thofc of 'Congo. Angola. Loango. Ancicaini. CVcongo. QawJii. Garomba Biaftra. XMedra. f Monomutirtri, MONOMOTAPA iiilo< iMonoemugi. i'^Makmba. Mataman. , s;&- I Zofiila. LQnieteva. The Iflands mention'd before in General r« the Particular Names in tlicir Pr-jpcr Plates' '(■•>;• n ill • CHAP. 11. Of BARBARY. WE will begin yN\th^ ARB ART^a com- mcntint; in the Weft, and running along tlic molt Northern fVt, as far as E^ypt. The bcft ALToiint wc have of its Name is from Af.irmol, whcx'.erivts it fromfif, fiji^nifyingDc- fcrf, in the Ar.ibick., becaufc thofe CoiKiiKrors found it very ill Peopled, when thfv firit over- ran it, and the Natives are ftill lall'd Vcrhcrcs. SVt there arc fome that will fuppole it to have been r,.iin'd Rtrbmyh^ the Romans, from the Bar- barity of the Natives, hut without any Ground, this Name being never us'd by ancient Authors i befides that the CartL\igi'iiMis, who were Mafters of all tta Traft, wlien the Ramtus came firll ac- qiiainttd with it, were a more polite People than tlie A.'u«;i;/Jthemrelves. It-. Situation is in the Temperate Northern 7.une, uiitier the third and t'oiutn Climates. On tlie Eall It Borders on Etypi, on the South it is divided from flilednly^erid' hy Mnanx Atlns, tlie N irrhof it is wnlb'd by the M'.iUten^ineiM Sea, tt'.'d tlie ILalV by the Atlantick Ocean. The whole Extent fio;n taft to Weft is about 34 Degrees, amoiintni?, to 2030 Miles, the grcatelt Breadtli from Nort!; to South about Six Degrees or 360 .Miles. IheCl. n.ite is hot as lying betwixt 37 ar.ci 30 Dej^rees of Nortli Latitude •, fo that it is icarre fenfiMe of any Cold, th^' Winter confining imiltofRani. In March ilierc arc very Stormy Wind!., and in April .1 prrfeft Spring, I'o forward, th.it ti.wards tlie End c .' it they have ripe Chcr- rii.s, I ifis in May, and in July Apples, Pears, PUkik, and Grapes, .ill tlie HarvelV being in by the bei^inning of September. Tins is the bell Part ofa'.l Affnk, cvceptingonlv E^ypt, a« producing great Plenty et Corn, and Abundance of all Sorts of fruit. Nor does it only exceed tlie Kelt in fertility, but far Uirpalies m Civility and the Art of lioveruinent. As lor the People, thev are fjenerallv of a taw- jiyCunplexion, well ni.ip"d, and Ihuiif; of BocU. They arcoftwo Sort», the Ancient Natives, nunc rude and it;norant, and the Ar.tb-; wlio I'ubdii'd thcin , .uid frill keep the Govcniinent in their Hands, being more polite and civi'.i/'d, iho'much fallen olF from what they were in lijiiner Times, when Learning flourilli'd among tliem m ^n ex- traordinary Decree. I.co AirkMiiis gives a .nigh- ty CharaiUTof them for Sincerity, Modclty, In tegrity,6~r. whith no doubt proceeded fromAHl flion, as being himfelf a Native of tliat Comuri for all others fiiicc him, who have liv"d many Ye.us among them, fay they are l-aithlefs, Lnrtful,Crucl Implacable and great Difllmblers. ' The Language moft in UlL-, efpecially in the Ma- ritime Towns, is the Arabick, the ancient A(ri- C'W, or a corruption ( f the Cin/i ;;///;.(« Ton ni? ftill continuing m the open Country and oirtlie* Mountains among the tommon Sort, and tins Tongue they call Chdivt. The iulii notwith- ftancfing tlie Rvm.ins were (o long Mailers of iill thofc Countries is nttcily e.\tiiicf ,' lb that no Me- mory of it remains. No Religion can well be retk'iied on, througli- out all this mighty Tra^l, but the /l/.;Wf.°w, which has the Pi'Wer of Ciovernmeiit , and op- prelTes all others. Chriftianity Hourilii'd licre m the 4tli Century to fuch a Degree, th.it there were 214 Bilbops , but has bcii fo entirely extirp:it. cl by the Malice of the Inf dels, that there are iiov no Chrillian Inhabitant; lett, except tlie Slave, they keep 111 miferable B.indage. Nor do the '/in . fare much better, tho' tl ere be confiderable Nui:i- bers liatter d about in ; 11 trading Places, yet Co contemn'd and opprcfs'd, that they may be reck- oned little better tlianC; ptives The Difeafcs moft freci-.-nt in thefc Parts are the Head- Ach, proceeding from the vioient 1 Icats •, i'ains in the Stomach aid GripiiU', in the How- els, thought to be causd by much drinking of cold Water in hot VV'eatlier j the /-/wc^ Pox, fir ft faid to be brouglit over by the "Jewt •, the Lallint', Sicknefs •, and above a' 1 the iMague, which de- ftroys Multitudes, and leldom miffes to rage there onre in Ten or Twercy Years. To come to the L'ivifion, P vb-.iiy contain', tl!,- K ingd<jms ot iVlorocio. Fez. Arg'ter. Tunis. Trip»)li, and Barca. This laft a Depciidance en Tripoli. It remains to give the part'CuUr D.Tcription of each of them. CHAP "BAKBAKX t<2»9 CHAP. m. Dcfcription of MOROCCO. T lilE Kingdom oi MOROCCO is a Part of the ancient Aftinrirania Tingitanay the Kingdom of Fez. compofnig the reft of it. This Name was given it from Tinf^iiy fincc call'd T:i"y,icr, tlicn its Citffital, As to Situation, it is the inoll VVefterii P.irt oiyifrick, bounded on the Weft by the Oceiin, along which it extends from thf Town of AU^tiy or the Mouth of the llivcr 6'«/, to the Town of Az^mtr'^ at the Mouth of the River Vmarabe.t, On the North the (amc River feparates it from the Kingdom of fti. On the Eaft and Soutli Mmnt jltlat divides it from Bile- ddgtrid, Todcfceiid to Particulars, it is divided into 7 Provinces, which with their Principal Towns fee in tlie following Table. MOROCCO.' HEA. < SUS. 'Morocco. \Agmec. .Emegiagen. 'Taiarat, or Tefiat. • Delgamaha. fTedoett. Agobel. Al^uel. Tttulcth. Hadequis. Telijgdclt. Eitdevct. i_Tcfethne, 'Mcfia. JTeccut. JTanidantej • Fagoalt. DUCALA. HASCORA. ^ Azamor. NAlmedina. ^Mazaguit. CSaffi, or Safin; ^Almedina. VAlendina. ^Tagodaft. J Elguimuha.' f Bizu, orBza cTefza. 3Fixtela. TEDLA. ICithibeb; ^ Eitiat. Guzula, or Gezula, lias 110 wall'd Towns, but iuy large open Villages. This Country is very hot, as lying between 30 ami T,i Degrees «f North LiitituJe. However it is fruitful, producing Plenty of Corn, and all Sorts of Fruit, befidcs Abundance of Cartel, the land for the nioft part not being Sandy, like o- ther Parts of ^■^^^ ic\. Befidcs, it is nothing Moun- tainous, but I'lain, as i!:e Sieitr Moncttc informs us, wlioliv'd there liveial Years, and whom there- fore we think fit to follow in many Things. Here are abundance of Caftles, which ftrve for a Re- treat to the Arcihs^ as \.\w\, do in other Farts for the Barbarians. The Nativxs arer.encrally (Irong, well lliap'd, lively and of lliarp ^Vits \ applying themfelvcs to Trade, Tillage, War and foiiie Sort of I earning, but their grcateil Study is Art Magick. The Wo- men, wlio Lvcr keep dole at home , divert them- ielves with Spinning, Sewing and all (brtsofCu- rii.H'.s Works. Tlie lommnn Sort Eat on a Mat I'piead upon the (Vround, witliout any Knives or Napkins-, but tliofe of better Kank,are fomewliat Neater. Tlieir IJread ii made in Cakes bak'd in a I'ot ■, tlieir Drink Water, or Metlieglin, or an Inluliim of Railins. The Men wear Shirts, and L)r.<weii, with line Starlet or Silk Coats, Scarlet Caps on their lle.uls, and Sandals, or Slippers on their Feet. Tlie Wojieii Iiave \vide Smocks to tlkir Knees, and liniicu Drawer--, in Summer Silk ..ndiii Winter ClotIiCaps-,over the reft they wear I'Miji Rubes or (.jowns, wrought or cmbroidtr'd and dole iiifore with a ricli Buckle-, belides otiier Oniameutb of (jold and Silver let with Stones and Pearls. T licic arc four fcveral languages fpokcn here. The Momflj^ being the ancient Language of the W/ ■.■((.•;.-■, with (uine mixture Ji Arul'tdi \ the many Arabich fomewl/at alfo corrupted •, the dmiclt, or I. invjut Franca, being a Corruption of Spanipi and I'ortiifitefe •, and the Tamacette, vih'uh is a , erfcdt largrm, fcarce to be expreli'd in Writing. There is a white Ptopl;: on the North-fide of M nt yi:- /.i), wlio fpeak this Language, a-id boaft that they are defrcndcd from Cliriftians. The Principal River in this Kingdom is that of Siis, which gives its Name to tlie Provuice, and i.-. by fome fuppos'd to be the V»a of PcoUmy. I ts Springs are on .Mount -i4f/iJ/,wheiicc it runs Weft- ward by three f(T;all Towns, and falls into the Ocean. The Tenfifs rifes in another Part uf Mount Atlas, and crofting the Provinces o{ Morocco and Duktila , is loft in the Ocean. Marmol fuppofes it to be the Fmh oi Ptolemy. Into it fall, the I'.cif- Jemel, the Nifiis, and the Afifnital. The TecHbim are Twin Rivers rifingim MountCj05«.»w«i/f,about 1000 Paces aliinder, running through the Plains of Hajrotj, and lofing themfelvcs in the River //«• fdal Abid , which (prings a Mile from /)i#an(l diltharges itfclf into the Ommirabih, or V/>:a Ra- bea. This River comes out of Mount Ahgra//^ near the Confines of Fez., and meets the Ocean, near tlie Town of Az.amor. The other Rivers are too fmnll to delerve any particular mention. The King's Revenues are very great, a Ducat and a Qijarter being paid by way of PoUTax foi every Head, the 12th of all Grain, and the 10th ol all Cattcl and G<Kxis, befidcs many other Du- ties. The Chriftians pay dear for Liberty of tra- ding in this Country, and that which makes the Sovereign moft formidable is, that none of hi^ Sub- iefts havi! any Property , fo that when anyof hjs (jovernoui-s or otner Officers die, he .feizcs their Ertates, .uid provides lor the Childrflr. ^ Thii ■" itm 170 '^ AKBAKY. This Moiiarcli's Titles are, Ftnperorof /^/"nV*, K iiiR ufA/erccco, fc i, 5«.f, and dap,'). Lord uf Bat a rti'd di'hrea^ and Grand Sherif or Vicegerent to M.ihomet. '\0' ■' The Province of MOROCCO, pfoperl/ fo caliU The Provhife of M^rxc^, pt'ofX-rly fo cill'd, iVom tItc Name of its Crtpital City, flrctcflcs Faft iindW'dt, tVcm Moiii't ///w«/«;fc to Moimt iVf- }ilns\ atiid is hounded on the NorUi by the Pro- vince of' BittjueLi V on the XA/cfl: by that of //f.t and l\nt('t ,v,7t :, oii the South bv another I'art ofi.'", ^^i)'.(, and CiczJiL! •, and on the Eaft by that of H.iUor.t. This I'rovinre ahoiiiids in Grain, Hav, iKmp, Catcel, and all forts of Frtwti T!ic Cir\, i)f yl/ioorro, Capital offM'; Kini^dom, is fuppji'd to have been Biiilt by Joj'cph ylben Tf.v/,'c'; and Iiis Son y///, on the Uiiinsof the An- li.nt nocf..i::um, meiition'd by Pflemy. It is feat- ed between t'le Rivers AV/Vz-t alid Asmct^ in 31 De^re.>(;f Not t!i 1 atitiilie, and in a Plain about 50 Mikiover, 6 Miltit North from Mount At- I IS. Fi^rifierlv Iierr werer^ck'ned icoooo Houfes, ,tt preftnt tlie third Part of it i* wafte, but cn- coniiiaf>d with a high St<ine Wall, fortify'd with lo'.ver!- ::iid Balbon^, and a large Uitch without. Many <<f rlic ancient Mofqucs, (\>lle!<,w ilnd Baths have bten d.ftroyVi by fhe Civil Wars •, but there .ire llill tinee Mai'-'ifuent Moliiue^ Aaiiding. The Koyal Palace, call'd by the Natives Atcat.ava, or Afiituiii.irt^ is like a I'ttle Town, epclo^'d with hirJ' ^^'all-, and in tlie midft of the Court, is a curious N'olque wi'.Ii a hit;h lo-ver, and on the Top of it an Iron Rod, which runs cinoujjh four Go'dui Apples, reported to wci;;h 700 Pounds, bi:iii:; the Portion uf a Daughter ot the Kuii^of C.iKi-, marry'd by a King of //u/wo, in wliol'e Rii',lit he inherited tliat Kuigdom. All the King's Apartm.nt is covci'd with Leaf Gold, being a- boit -,0 lu.oiii>of State, befidesreveraUValleiics, •Aitii 1 ilhl'onds in fome of them, .■\bout half a 1 ^:.3.^i\^': froiu this Palace is a Royal Bower call'd AUiijti-.it., in whiili there; are 150C0 Limon Trees, as manvOranj^e and Palm-Trees, and 36000 C3livc Trees. ; and near this a Park in which Abundance of Elephants, Lions, Stags and other Creatures are kipt. .About ^.ooo ./tiri live at Aiarocco, in a C^uait-.r by theuililves, and wall'd in, likeano- tlier Town. Tlie Common Hoiiies have none but ,\'iid Walls plailKr'd over, but thole ot l^erlbns of Quality are of Stone, the Tops of them aH Hat. .V'oli of ifie N'.ofques are of Marble, leaded, and in thcinidtl; of the Cit^ there is a Bridgcover the River rir.fifs. This .Account is from Afpuctie^wbo liv'd there a toniidcrable Time. Ihe other Towns have nothing that defervcs Delcrihing. Ihegreatell Hills ni this Province are A£//</«/, or AV/i/.ri, otherwile call'd Deieu- iu7c>;, yiu'-ii., or yJjitii, on the Wefterii Borders, tlie '1 ops of it tover'd with Snow, and the Inha- bitants exireinely ruilc. Mount iV/Mi^n, fepara- ted froiiufie oilier by the River X;h.vj-..(, run- ning Euil aiid Weft 7 Miles. A.iiix.iue, whence liie River takes Name, South from tlie former •, SnJ::c excelUve higli ; lin.thi^on which is a Town '»! the 4aiiie Name •, Uuidimivc or (,icticMevi; on the Well oi'5a/.cdi/ -, and yhiictc VV'eli of CJiiidi- nunc: _[ ^, • .... .< .i.^,i:':'i •■ - ' . I. . - • '. The Women iiercarc handfom,fome very white. others more brown. Here is a Noble Dreed ot 1 iorfes, and the l^eople are generally Wcaltliy. •, , The Province of HE A. This is the moft Weltcrn Province of tlie Kiii.'- dom ofAiorvcca, bounded on the Weft and Nortli by the Ocean, on the South by that Part of Mount ylittis, which joyns to Sus , and on the Fall by the River uf Ecijfdmel, which feparatcj u from Af^rei'co. Tedotji once the Capital of this Country, and of great Antiquity, built in a Morafs, was ut- terly deftroy'd in the Year ijr4^fince which time the "jiwi have there built above 5C0 Houfes. The other Towns .ire all of tliem incon- fiderable, yet fevcral wall'd, as yl)iohel, whicli has not above 330 Houfes •, yllguel, on a Hill water'd by two finall Rivers v 'Vemlet^A plcaliint Place 18 \liles Weft of Tedotfi \ Hidcqiiis before the I'or- f//^«fy"« deftroy'd it in 151 1 contain'dncar2ooco Houfes, now inhabited only by a few Jcirr ; Tejhyielt the greatfft of the Mountain Towns has about 1000 Houfes ■■, Eitdcvet 700 •, Tefcih- »ie , or Teft.inf, is a Garrifon Town upon the Ocean, near to Mount ^f/.», which has a con- fiderable Port. l-ive Miles up from the Sea, is thelfland .nnd Caftle of Ahfador , fuppos'd by (i)me to be the Ifland Erytbea of the Ancients, kept by a Garrifon of 200 Meti, to fecure the Gold Mines in the Neighbouring Countries. Go:i , or Oo- zen is a good Harbour, belieV'd to be the Surl^a of Ptolemy. Mountains here, arc /Hdv.u.il, which p.irt- Hea from Sits., is three Days Journey over, and has feveral ricli ^'illages on it. Dcmeufcre or Ten- J.11C is another part of Mount ^-1//../, betwixt; HiJ and .S'«j. Cri'cl el J/iditli, or t!ie Mountain of Iron, bcliev'd by Ondiiis to be the i'ocnisoi Ptolfmy, is quite different from Aiir.j,;m(\ parts Hen, Aiornccu and l)Hi]iiel.h All this i-*rovince is Mountainous, full of Rivu- lets, and priKluces little Wheat, but muiii Par- ley. The Natives are very brutal. In tiic Winter they teed much upon Bread and Hoiie\ ^ and in Summer upon Milk and Butter. They alio eat boil'd Flelli, Onions, Beans, and CohJ'cohs, which is made of Meal. Moft of them vrrap a large piece of thin woollen StulT about them, like a Sheet, few of them wear Shirts, and foaie have round Caps on their He.ids. They fit upon Mats, and have no other Beds. The Women general- ly have their Faces vcil'd. The Province of S U S. The Provinceof i«i, or Sue:., formerly a King- dom inhabited by the Ttingrejums and f^acaitvcs, takes its Name from the RiveriVw, and is bound- ed on the Wtft by the Ocean, on the North by Mount Atl.is, which divides it from Hea; on the South by tlie Deferts of Rikdiilgcrid, and on the Eaft by the River ^.w, narting it from GeuiLi. The principal Town> Iierc, are Aiej].!, for merly call'd icmejl, feated near the Ocean, at the foot of Mount Wf/.</, divided into three feve- ral Parts, each of them indos'd with V\/aIls, and water'd by the River Sits. Without this I'lace towards tne Sea ftands a Temple, or .Molquc, all the Beams and G.rders whereof are made of the Hoiic^ The Provinc( BAK^B AKY. 171 Bones of Whales, wfience the People imagine, th.it the Whale whicli follow'd Jonas a^ him up in th:u place •, and thcrj arc ftill many Whales «ft alliore there. Tccctit, an ancient Town, a Mile from Aleff^, contains 4000 Families, aitd in it is A curious Mol'que. A Mile from the lift Marmol fippos'd to be the Mountain of the Sun of Ptolemy. Inkel-htdva , or the green Mountain^ rifes on the Eaft of the River Ommi- r.tbih, ana runs Weftward •, feveral Hermits re- tire to this Mountain, and live upon the Fruit* of the F.arth •, at the foot of it is a large I ake. is Gtiffti, built bv the Shentf Ahd.tlla., in the The Natives are perverfe, cowardly, and brutal. Year i^co, whire they drofs the choice i^/^rocro Lc^iiher, whereof lo much is yearly tranfported into l:iirop(, that the Duty of it amounts to Sijoro Duriis. Tnriidmte is the Capital of this t'lovinre, by they1/oo»-/call'd Teiirant, 12 Miles Eart (if Tfctitt, and 2 South i>f Mount ^tlas •, feared in a pleafant Nallev, 18 or 20 Miles in length, and 8 in brc dth. The River ^f.iis wallies its Walls, and in it was once the Refi- dtnrcof the Kings, and now of the (jovernours of Siis. T.irn.ifi is iM)w the greateft City,ftandinjJ 20 Miles from the Ocean, 18 from Mount Ail.is, and 3 from the I\ ivcr Sns. Folatter.in luppofes St. A:ig'<fiin to have been born in this Place. On the Wtft P.de of the River of Suez., is Cape The Province of HASCORA, or US- CURA Is the moft Nothern part of the Kingdom of Aforoico ; the River Tenfifs Ihuts it in on the Ealt, as does the EluHadilhabid on the Weft, the Vmurabea on the North, and the green Moun- tain on the South. yUcndm^y or LImedin, fcated in a Valley, en- dos'd by four Mountains, is a confiderable Town here of about iocxd Houfes. Almedina, a Mile from it, and 20 from the other of the fame Name, _ _. ^ _ in the Province of Dncala, is Icfs confiderable, d'yt£iicr^he\ie\i'd to be the v/agiifmif rtoUi'iy. Ta/^odafi, or ffadn^ai, is a pleafant place by rea- whcre the Portm^ftfes once built a Town call'd fon of feveral cuts ot W iter running through SmaCrui., but' were expcird by the Sheriffs in it. Bz.o, or /(i^/( isby fomcrcckon'd the Capital, T5?6. To theSonihwurdof it in 17 Decrees of and is feated on a Mountain. Latitude is the fainous Cape Nim, (o call'd by The Mountains hire being Branches of Mount the fc!f;;««;'/a, fianifyint; wjfjbecaufe they once ^il'", are call'd levcnde!.y 'hnfirez., C?iii^,naj believ'd thtre was nofaihng beyond it. Vr/iww, and Trjcetw. The Produa Olives, Rai- Several Branches of the ^//.jj fpread themfelvcs fins. Nuts, Firs, extraordinary large Apricots, into this Country by the Namesof//c/^////j,y/.(- and other Fruity Oil and Honey j. Corn and /««,.or Lt'ilem(i(z.iilen\A Idl(. The River 5w overflows like the Nile, and fertilizes the Land, which there produces plenty of Corn, and the_ Hatveft is in Af.iy. It alio yields all forts of Fruit, Sugar, and p/wid Pafture-, has good Horfes, and a Silver Mme, but no «.)yl. On the Coalt Amber p/tece is ofit-n toiind. The Inhabitants difierbut Utile from tliole of the Neijilibo'iring I'rovinces. The Province of HUCALA orDuquella Has lor Us I?ounJary on the Eall the River of 'Jniiirabcj-^ on the V\'ell, that t^f 'I o.iii'i ■, 011 ihe North the Otean i and >ni the Si>uth the Ri- la- IJ.d:i. llsj^eatift extent from l\ai\ to \\ cl\ li 50 Miles, according to ALirmd, and 2^. trom North to South. /l:Laiiio>., feated on the River ISnuir.ihf.t , 3 Miles above M,:i.igj>!i., is one of the principal Towns i it was taken by Kin^ L>:.:nmtl ot Pur- ii:^M, in 1513, but lince recover'd by tlie Infi- dels, and is llill lar^;e and populous, the Inha- liit.ints having a gr;'at Fiflirrv on the River t/'- i::ara['ca. Aij^a^ttr., once coiUaming 5CCO 1 lou fcs, at prefcnt has not above soo, and thole but poor ones, being a darriion kept on that Coiiil tiy the yV;7;it;wf/(\(. .S";;'/, by the Po>nr.:!ijtf, wlio took it in 1507, but loll it again, call'd Sifin, is wall'd, and about it 27 Towers. Ten Miles hum it , in a tei tile Plain is Ahr.eJin.i , an ancient City, and once the Capita! oi the Pro- vince. There are I'tveral other T >)wns iK)t worth taking notice of, except AUathh , 01 as tlie //.<- iiMs call it, Centc J'o^d, or an hmniied Welts, a Name given it from abundance of ilecp Cel- lars or Caves there are 111 the Suburbs, which fcrve for Granaries, where they lay Corn will keep an hundred Years. The Town is all built with Marble, and Hands on a Rock. The Mountain Btnirrc^Hcr, or Btnif'.Hin, is by Cartel, as alfo W'oad for Dying. The Natives are more polite than in other Parts, applying themlelves to Trade and Handicrafts, civil to Strangers, and kid after the manner of the £«• ri,pcuns. The Women are handlbme and well dreft. The Province of TEDLA Lying Eaft oi A^orocco \i firall, etitlofed or; the ball by the River Orunii-abih, on the V\ett by tli.it of CJ^'j.^cl-hibid, on the North it reaches to t!:e coiitmx of thole two Rivers, and 011 the Soutii to Mount AilitJ. T he Capital h; re is 'Tffz.a, built by the Atabi, on the Tide of Mount Atlas^ two Miles from the Plain, cndoi'd with a V\all of N'arl'le, which tlif yiiiibs call Tf/c.», whence it takes the Name. It is populous, and has feveral good .Molqucs. t'i.xtilf is an open Town, a Mile li on Tcfi.3, con- taming 7CO floufes. Cithibib Ihwdi on a Mill 3 Miles Eaft of 7i;/i..<. £iri.it,cy Juiit, is 4 Miles from Cihiheb, ronfifting of 3CO Houfes, wall'd next the Maintain, and defended next the Plain b\ lUep crnj;gy Rotks. In it «here is a rtately Mollpie, with a curious Water running round it. Ill the South part is the Mountain 6'<r/wf^f, or Sc:f'hi/m -^ more to the Weftward Moint Af.r ,(;»•,;(/, anil Well of that again Mount Didcs. The whole is move Mountain than Plain, but what tliere is of this lort yields plenty of all Fruit. Tlie Inhabitants of Tf/i..i arc well enough Ap- parell'd •, but thole uf Mount Dc.U\ (iarre cover their Nakcduefs, being rude , addided to Rob- bery and Fraud. As lor Religion, the M.ihuiijc- tans have the Power, the Jein are allow'd full Liberiv, there are liime few Ciinlliaiis, but the Momitaiiiiers liave neither \\ uvlhip, Cliurthes, nor Priells. If any Chriftian here will Apoftatiie, there is an equal Number of CliiidiaNs and /I/(- ho/Mt.vh fiilt call'd together, and the former have liberty t« ufe all the Argnimeiits they can ■ ii" ill •iiir 'n-; ,!j i7» BAR'S A Kr. to difTwade bim, af^er which he is free to do as he plcifei. ■ • . TheProvinccofGUZULAor GRZULA I« no doubt a part of the ancient Gtfulia, which Name it almoft retains at this time, the CetHli being a People of Lib)/a , at tlie foot i>f Mount Mtliis, as are the Getuliiins at prefent. Its Boun- daries are on the Weft Mount llil.t, whicli parts it from Siici. •, on the South Mount j4tLii •, on the >'orth the Mountain Iltha, and on the Eall the Deferts of BiUdMl/^etid. Here are no wall'd Towns, but only Villages and fome Burroughs of near icxw Houfcs, but thofe mean, and not worth obferving. The Na- tives are very barbarous and ftupid. They wear fhort woollen Shirts without Sleeves, and Hats made of I'alm-Tree Leaves : being poor in Money, but rich in Barley and Cattel. The I- ron and Copper Mines among tliem are very beneficial, for they make all lortb of Utenfils, whicli they carry t.) other Parts, and cxdiaive tlitm for riotli. Spice, Horfes and other tlnnas tliey ftand in need of. But tliat which molt en riches them, is a Fair they keep every Year t'»t two Months, during wliich time tliey ufe the Stranf^ers that come amonjiii them very well , l;rep Guards to fee no Dil'ordcrs be coininitted, aiij punilh Robbers with Death. Tliere is a very great Rcfort to this Fair from all Parts , and ffpeciallv from the Country of the Blacks. The Weapons us'd by thefe People are Scimiters, or broaa-pointed Swords and Spears. Tliis I'r,). vince is faid to be able to raife 62000 Men which makes them not afraid of the ^r.ilu^ ant( they have formerly plunder'd the City uf Afg. rocco. It is a free Nation , fubjeft to no King he of Morocco being only their Ally. They were once Tributary to PortmuL but that lartcd not long. In tliefe general DcUriptions wc chicHy follow It Cioix, and D.imci , who Iiave wrii beft of thcfe Parts frona the lateft and cxafteft Accounts. T!ie Cp dom, is tho be fo ..ill'J a QiMiitity tile (•ounda iUver t'cT, 1 it, Afoiietic lalii.pj Kin(i liiiii //)/f, t >.'/", in tliu :oo MjIcs fi cliliaiit C.itu Oil! IS fiatei ii'.i; iieit'' r JM\ Sul) l)S. bout 8 hie (larcieiib wit wliirhart-.ijj .ire very h^i. tow and liavi filing about tlie one very I CHAP. IV. Of the Kingdom of F E Z. ^1"~^in S is the Eaftern Part of the ancient I Maitritiittia Tuigit-mn, lying Ea(l of tlie -*- Kingdom of Morocco, which ii the o- ther, and call'd by the Moors^ Kl, or Alf,irve. On the Weft it is bounded by the .,^f/.wmytO- cean, and by the River V/n.i>d'c.i, which parts it from Morocco-^ on the Kaft by the River Atw l.iy.i or Miilvi.t, dividini; it from Ai%k)-^ on fFcz. Sale. FanCara. Mamora. Mcqiiinez. Fez. proDfr-^ Titellelt. i,7r.l,.,nM I Gcmoa al Ilamen. 1 Hamis Melagare. Bcni-Becil. Macarmcde. Zavia. .LHalvan. the South by Mount Atlas, runnina betwixt it and BiUddgtrid, and on the North by the McdittrrantiW. From Eaft to Weft it extends about 200 Miles, and (omcwhat lels from North to South, lying betwixt 31 and 36 Dcjirecs ol North latitutk-. It is divided into liven Province-., whicli wuli their Principal Towns, aie theic i lyfo call'd. Temcfna. Afgar. .Anfa. Almanfora. )Sala, or Sella. Rabat. 'Haiti el Chain. .Thagia. / Larache. ^Moxinar. "S ILlgiumha. (AkafarQuivir. Habat. r-Ar/.ila. [Tangier. Ceuta. / Alcazar. \ Beni Teude. I Mergo. I Bezra. . LTctuan. Errif. Caret. Chans. f Ooi \Ter ■ Oomera. ^Terga. /elezde la Gomera. '^ Penon dc Vclez. /Meleinme. V-TegalTa. •Mdilla. ) Cafafa. >Tcnbte. . Meggco. .Teurert. Hadagia. )(jarlis. iMcza,or Tefar. 'BenihuUid. .Hamlilhan. Tlie Province of FEZ properly fo call'd, tends even to the Ocean betwixt Mamor.^ and Site-, Eaft ward it reaches to the River Tiiov.m^ On the Weft is feparated froir, the Provuice of Northwaid to the River Suba or CV^«, and South I'tmrjua by tlie River Unnegrtg, or i«'rf, and ex- ward to Momit Atlas. The TAR'BAKr. n\ T!ie r.ipit.il of this Province and of the Kinii- limn, !•< the Citv /-'fi., which fome will h<tvc to be (i.) cillVl fiDin t'tz., n^iiiifvini', Gold, bcciiiilo a Qii.intitv of that Mct:il was found in Liyinsi the Kotindations., but otlicrs derive it from the Kiver /•<■■• whuh runs bv it. T!ie Fcunder of It, /l/tfrtfffr fivs, was /V/H/f> Drue, tlie tirft yt- iMhi'i Kmh; iif th.it Country '■, I" I'loix- calU luiii lhi<, the Sun of Idris Patriarcliof the ^' r.ibs, in the Year 8oi. Its Siti\ation ii about 200 Milis from the Sea, hemt; divided into two diliant Cities, cali'd the Old and tlie New. The Old is feated on the Declivity <>f two Hills, he- ir):; neii'r round, n t quite fquare, without an\ Sub bs. llic WalU arc of Stone, and a bout 8 liles ill coinpal's, th^'re beini', many (iardens w ithiii them. Without, tlie Houfes , wliich areall Hat roofd makenonrcat lliow, but areviiy liandlouie witliiii. The Streets are nar- row and liave (rates to thein, to hinder People U'/int; about atNij,ht. Two Caftles defend it, the one very aiuii-iit and almoll riiin'd •, tlie o- tlier new, in wliicli is aCiarrifon of Hlacks, nei- tlier of tliele lijrts !,.;, any (Gannon. On the two lont^cft fides of ti.: City there are two lliarp I3alhons, built upi i Hills, with only two Pieces of Iron Cannon mi eacli. A River di- vides itfelf into fix Branches, in the inidll of the City, fur lliing all the Honfes with Water, driviii-; ;70 MilU, and fervu^ as many Baths- Here aic four principal Mo^ues, ;'.iid above 500 of lei's note, all of tliem well endow 'd, befides fcveral Holpitals. Tlie principal Gates of the City are (cvm. The new City of Fez. is above the old, ferves for a ("itad."' toit, and was built by y.icolj tiiefecoiid Kiiif^of the Raceof tlie flc- nsiiuriiKs about 500 Year-, inn e, having 11 double Wall about it, well tiauk'd with Towers, Ba- llioiis, and Half-Moons. M:tley W/i/y; built here a Irately Palace and Seraglio, guarded by 300 filacks. 1 liele Citie- are Rich and i^lpulous, the Inlialntants drivintj a j,re.;t Trade to all parts of the Kingdom. .V.i/i', by I'tilciiiy cali'd S.tl.t , ftands on the Ccall of the Atlantick Ocean at the Mouth of t!ie River (inc^on, or /J/(i/f/;iTi;, which divides it into two Tuwiis. Tiiat on the Soutli lide has two Caliles, on a HiU next the Sea, and join'd by a Wall ruiiiunti from the one to the tJtlur, with about \o i'leces of Criinion in them both. There iihefidesa linall lort with five luins nearer tlie Sp:i, tofecure tlie I'uates ai;air.(l the Chrilhans. The Walls arc of i;reat Coiiipals, and very an- cient, but a conliderahle part is fallen towards tl-eSea. On the South Hail of it is a llately hii;h Tuwer, cali'd //.izihi, under which they have ilieir Docks, and it I'crvLS for a 1 and-Mark l)yD;iv, and a 1 ii;lu-l!(;ule by Ni^iit. Tlius ih'kIi oI thele twoC ities is out of AhmatCy who l;vd in them botii. All Goods imported or ex- I'ortod pay tlie teiiih part of their N'alue , but til: principal Wealilmf the Town conlilh 111 Py- racy. Tlie Kin^ot /<c appoints a Governour, ivho with Ibme >-i/( :!/(/.( cnolen from amoni; the iiiliahitants, has tlie power of I'eace and War. Two Miles from S.dc is tlie ancient Town of i-M,j.i)\i, or 'lcfc/,J.ir,i, (uppoled by Al.iriiicl to !.e /V)/( /;<).'s Iiiii.i\j.i. At the Mouth of the River -W'.7 is the 1 own of Alunwra, formerly poll'cfs'd by the. Y '"'•"■<'.' and /^ti>f«^/((/i','jat loft Dy them li'Uli. AUaiiiiic:^ is a ftroiu;City, and very con- 'ulerablei oeint' the Relidencc of liie Ikirs to the Crown of /Iri, luppoFed to be tlic Slldi ot Ptolemy. Tifilfelt., by I'ultmy rall'd T<i.inifij!,u^ HalU'^oiicto ruin. Af.ic.ir//:ciie, the /.>p;.< of the fame Geoj^rapher, is fix Mile* from />c. Rut enougli of futh niconfidcrahlc Pl.ites, the reft arc of no better Note. jiaLiI) Mountain rifes i.ii t!:e_E;ift fiJe of the River Siihif, or CvbH, and runs four jVliles Well ward. '/.:irl:oii,i.>v /.jr.ib.nuwi roniUHiuej three Miles from /<-, and extends ei('ht Miles to the Weft, beini', three Lcajiues over in fome Place--, on It are above 40 populous \'i!Iaf,es,and iiere for- merly Itoixl the City Titiilit tl'en above 10 Miles in compafs, fince utterly deftroy'd by Jojeph , KiiiK of tlie Aliior:ivides. I> ir el H.tm.irty bc- liev'd to be I'tulemy'i Epiti.iue, ii on this fame Mountain, ft ill entire and populous, but fuffcr* much from the I. ions, who come thithrr to feck for Prev. Mount 7'</^<j>- or Tugai is two Miles VVeft of /-H, llrttchiii(' two Miles Eaftward. Mount fi'«f/V f, near tne y^;//j;, is very well inhabited. The Soil of Fez. is exuberant, yielding all forts of Grain and Fruit in ureat Plenty, as alio Flax and Cott Ml, and ftecTs Multitudes of Cattcl, Horfes, enamels and Deer. The only fault m this Territory, is, that the Country on the Weft fide of Uld Fez. for ten Miles in lengtli and five ill breadth, is of fuch a Peftilential Air, that the Natives are all of a fickly, yellow Complexion, and very fubjert to a Peftilential Fever, which deftroys great numbers of them. The People eat after the manner of the other Afaors of Eaikiry, and make three Meals a Day. in the Summer they Breakfaft upon Bread aiii Fruit, or boil'd Milk •, but in Winter they thick- en Broth with Meal. Their Dinnersareof Flelii, Sallads, Cheefe and OUvl,, but their Suppers ligliter : They ither ule Knives nor Spoons, and never drink nil they have done eating. The better (i>rt over their Shuts we..r a Coat with lliort Sleeves, and over tliat a loofer Garment dole before. On their Heads thev liavc a Cap, about which tiiey wind a long uicteof Linneii, whicli comes twice under tlieir Chins. The Wo- men 111 Summer wear n>Jtliing but a Smock, and in Winter a loole Robe with wide Sleeves, quite ciofe before. The yl'.ibi here wear a thin white Wooilen like our Crape, winch they wrap two or three times about their B^Kly, and a red Cap ^ and others go (piite Naked, laving a Clout about their Waift, and hanging down to their Knees. Their Chielscloath alter the T/(-^vy/y manner, and ufe a Turbant, but fmall and peeked. Here are three forts of Nobility, one by Ex- tradhoin another by Employment, and a third by Wealth ^ y et all enjoying the fame Privileges, and all oblige! to ferve the King, and follow him to the Wars. There are in Fez. 3000 Noble Families, The Province of TEMESNA . Is tlic moil Weftern Part of the Province of ffi., extending Eaftward to the [\\vcr Iliir,ee.rej;, •, Wertward to the Om/nttabih i Northwards to the Ocean, and Southward to Mount yJitaj-^not above 17 Miles from Eall to Well, and 17 from North to South. It was once in luih a tlouriili- ing Condition, ihAtJcIni Leo fays it coHtain'd 40 great Towns, and 3000 Caftles ^ but all this li> entirely deftroy'd by the Wars, that fcarcc any Footfteps of it remain. Wm \ 'H W: ii WfW^ '74 'B JR'BARr. A'lfi, or Jn.if.t w.is here built by tlie Rommt On llv^cclfti: tit' tlic Sea 20 Mi'cs Nortli of Moiiiit Otitis. Ni'.ir It 1$ a Flirt bnilt bv tlie A--tbiy vvli.ic \\k\ kccpfiarridi". This place was plim- dci'd iiiid rnin'cl by the rorimuefcs. Almanforit was J-oiiinled bv Alm.vrjor Kiiift ot_ Morotco^ tv.ii MiL'j fioin the Ofc.in, in a pleafiint IMaiii, near the Rivet C/«//-, uiily inhAbitcd by y/^-.i/'X ; .s".j/,(, or >■>//,/. a different Town from S.iltm /-Vi, was erefted oy the Rom.ws <>ii the I'.iver Bur- rc^rt.^, two Miles from the Ocean. llereKinc; Al/iiMtfor bailt a (lately Moi'i'.ic, I^ilacc and ("hapcl (if Mirble , where iie and his Siiccefl'urs tlie /Ifrz/wf; were buried, ^ofr*.' is a l.ir^^e Town which (oine will have to be tUcOp ii/n \>( Ptelc- »:yy and is the Key of Jitibiyy, beiuR fcatedon a Kiiik at the Muiitli of the Kiyei ri:irierrei^, on whicli is a ikoii^ Forircfi. VVitlii;i it liiere arc many Mofques, Palaces, Rith^, and loufide- rable Shops, and without, on tlie Snutlt fide, a very high Tower todifcover the Sea. J/iin fl Ciiil'i is finall, but popiiloin, ,ind ie.itcd in tlie V\iW. 7?'.x;.; ftaiidin-; near M.mnt -i''.!', tho' tiot lart'.e, h.isbeen tainons on .iccoimt of a Sanif lii'd to Iiave wrought Miracles there,in rellrainin^ thcfierrenefsof l.io/it. All the Territory of Temtjna is Hat and fer- tile, efpeciallv tlie Plains of y^w/.', Xrmhulc, and Zii'/'./, w'lich yield infinite plenty of (lorn. The Country in i/.eiieral prodiues abundance of Fruit, uiid ami)n!» tlie reft a fort call'd R.ibih, like Ch,rrie^to tlie hye, and talles like Jujiib.. The I ib;rtyof Th.i^ia pruducci litile Corn, but ^rtat (li re of Honey, feeds lar^e Mocks of Goats, and Jias many Lions and I copards. The Inhabitants of AttJ'i were once very de- iciulyclad. and drove a great Trade abroad, till they ruin'cl it by I'iiacy. Tins Province was (I) populous and potent, that it railed an .\riny ot 50000 Men at^ainll j'n/ip.'J /It'c-i I ditrnf//, the (■oiii'derirf Ali'i.ii')^ but they IkiI at the iii^ht of his Forces, and he eiitrinii their Province made Inch a .Vlafliicre, that Icarce .u.y tliMtj; but wild Healls was to be fecii there loii;^ after , yet 111 procel's o( tune, tl:e /cutm and //'Jirdiepeo- plini^ the t.oiiiitry, tliey !>ecaine lo Mllln.lVu^ that ni the Year i^o-j they railed 6cooo 1 loi I'e, and h.id iCo Fcrtrelies under their Jurildiituui. The Province of Algar \\\<^ lor it5 Limit on the North, the Dce.in i -sn the Well theUiver liiirie-Ji,:-, on the Ka(t the Mountains of Cijincr.:^ and .Mounts Ztrhwii and .'■(/.■, .iiid on the South the Kiver ^/.//'i"* i iS .Miles beui^ its ^reateil leiif^tii, and three its bread ill. lis [owns are feated aloiij', the Coaft of the Ocean. Amoni', thele is Lirnilr, by /'/,7im;j/ cal- led /.'.v./, by y'i.'.'i Lixos, and by the Afuon^ d ll.ii-.i'n. It is lin or fcvet) miles lro:n A>dli, 111 Z4 Det^. 30. mill. 1 at. and at the Mouth oi the Kivcr Lu::. li>a//..iyv is of opinion, that this Is tile dardeii of the Hijfoidci, and ''.jw/<f that 1: IS t!ie Palace ol Ait.ni'^ where Ucriides en- counler'd that (.•iaiir. it has been luii^i, one ot the pniuipal lortielles of /-iii, often attempted in vain, botii b', :>iiJiii,ird.< and i mti(,\ii<jti, n\[ h\ the Year \b\o A(i:lr\/ Zoji^r, ( iovernour of tlie Place, dfliviied it up to the Marquis oj .n'. Cier /a.ilii the .sp w/yA IJeneral. The Town is.idorn'd ■titli bcautilul Strudhircs , and eiiclulcU with ftrong Walls, befides three Cafiles. to winch the SpDii.odi have c.iveii the Na.nes of three Saints. 'The Towii5ofit/i>A-;//.i>-, and f//!'""i'Ar, are icarce Worth takini" notice of. Alcat..ir iJusfir, wiiidi (ic,nilie« a ^rcat Palace, is near the Kiver Li- ons, which lomctimesoverHow^ to iVch adffref, as to droWii the lown, conlilhnr.ol about lijo.) Monies, (everal Mofiiies and other Slrlll^Me^.\Ji• iiy other Places have been rain'd by the Wars. The Air of tiiis l'r>jviiice is l<) pleafiiit ;ihiI wuolefomc, that the Kuh'.^of /<-•. I'eiuMally iyevi] all tlie Sprin.i; there, and divert tnemlelves with Imntins', of Deer and Hares. I'elides Iierc are abundance of 1 lories bred, with wliich It lup- plies the f'ity of /c;, and the Territory of /,a. y.iche produces f'ottou. The People jV' decent- ly apparill'd, and are i;ood-natur'd and i;enc- reus, llic ,-/c.<i».( here appl ■) thcmfelves to Tillage. 'I'lic Province of Habat Extends (ten the River Cn.irg.^ to the Mr ('Ueir.ine.w, North and South^ being bounded nii the W'ellby the MoralTes ot Jjf^'ir, and partdf tlie Ocean on the Eail by the Mountains of (/o- mtr.t, on the South by tlie aforefaid River, .iiid on the North by the Meilitd , .mt.m, being 20 Mile-, in leiij.',th, and 17 in breadth. 1 he principal Place-, .ire on the Coad of the Ocean, .,7. ■i///, foimerl^ Zilm^ built by the ifo- iiufis, 14 Miles from the Mouth of the Strci,'ht!^ 0111. e liibjeit to the Prince of (.V(.'f.«, who was tri- butary to the P.oinnSy next ihidnths tiKik it, iuid af:er tlum \.h^ AJ ihometiim. Alahjujo Kiiij; of y''/>7;.'^'//iarry'd it by Aflault,aiKl lent all the Inhabitants uifo I'mut^.il, yet after delendm;; it leveral Years, they at la(t q.iitted it to the In- lldels, who are Itill Mailers of it. CipeSp.iurl, by y'/;/;^ call'd (»'(/, lies b.fA'Ixt i4iz.ll I and 1 .ir/i/nr, biittiiii', out into the Oit-.m. Above ir, at theMnitli of tlij i'nri.;';/* w.is the ancient City of I .in in, formerly cilld ^i, , and fro'ji it all tlie Co.iutrv At.iii> if i/iit I .i.t- t !;i.i. [he /III fi III lliltorians fay it was built by one Sctlrlr/l, the Son of ///./, .iiid Lord of all the World , who relolv'd to build a City which llioiild beiiow.iy inlenor to the Ttrrilin- al Paradile I or U.auty, anil therefore he eiic'ai- palled It with a Wall of Hrals, and cover'd ihe Houtes with Gold and Silver. To leave tlu'l'e I allies, after tlie .I//.'jtf;;uf.w.(had loiii; been pof- lelled of It, Kmi; yllpbuiifo of Portnii.U took ir, 111 the Year 14O4, and the roitn^iirjcs delemled It till It was deliver'd to the t->i«.LiJh in lOO;, upon the M.irrui^e of Kini; Ca«7ti the Secuucl to Qiieen C.tth.ir.nc , and he alter Ibine Years II row iiiji weary of the Ciiari',e, caufed it to be blown upand tiellroy'd, lince when it has been only a linall l-ilhin^ Town of the .1 /(;»). >. Lallward ot l.mu^icr, on tlie other Promon- tory, wlmii forms the Mouth of the Snei.^ht', Itaiidstlic City of Ce;(f.(, formerly ^fp''', anciby Orielrii thoiwlit to be the IJitiH ■ of I'lakwy. The titrcty.ht wlucli parts it from ^paiii is very nar- r<>w. i'lie liotns took it from the Kom.i.n, and the 'it.ihoiiittafii fiom them. Km^ John ol hr- f;y.,/ wrelled it from thole Infidels in 1415, un- der winch Crown it continued till its Union to that of Sp.ti/i, and upon its revolt tins was ihc only Place iliat reiiiani'd 111 the Hands of the in.wi.iids, who lull keep it, tho it has been mow about I.: Uars belieg'd by the Alooi^. Mie Tnvii "B AKB AKr, '75 Tiiwii i« fiill toiiridi'f.iHe and wtll built, lias a j'^ohI I'.il.icc, fcviT.il Clitirclics anil Moiiaftcnes, ami a Siixm; (^.iftle. Srvtii Nlili-i from Ctiit.i^ iti the Town of Tc- til III, or 'Trieiiin, wliiili I ill Name h (aid to fi^- ml\ an F.vc-. It iseiuv'nipafs'd with a niii>d Wall ,intl (lei'p Dttih , and at pictait rontuiiis abuuc JiLO I loll IC J. fhiTC an- 7 rtmarkabU* Mountains in tlic i'ro- MiHi.' <if //.i/'.i/ , wliah arc /!./Au«f, or /■ir.ihone, 10 1 caf,nci in 1 .cnj^th and 4 over i Hoii y7'«', or fiiiii Aliios, 7 leap.uis ill 1 cnt'.tli and ^ over-, Oidiib, or [icniTillit^ Bini /itilf.in, ylmcra^ Qji.i- ilrts, or ///Mf yi/<ic/.< and Ciiud.Djnh. T\k I'lains lii're bciiij; watcr'd hv f.vcr.il Rivers arnxtraor- liiiuirv fruitful, and bc(ides(-orn vifUl Hax •, t!ic Mountains Wax and HoiicvvUid fi-i'd inuili Cattle. lUrc arc Abiindaiuc of 1 loiis, but fo tearful, that ilu'v Hv even from ChiUlrcii •, whence comes a I'roverb amoiii!, them, when tliey would upbraid a Man witii Cowardice, they fay, Ht n like the Imhs «/ Aij;le, ir/;o l(t the Cows eat their T.iils, I'lic Province of EllRlR Tile River A'ocor rlofes it on the Mail, tlie I'ro- viiiieof H'h II on the Weft, the AlciliiariincMi on the Nortli, and the Mountains that reach tlie Rivir (l:i.irii^,i on the Soutli. Us 1 eiiL'.tli from Eafl to V\'eft 14 Miles, and the Breadth from Nortli to Snulil li. Uoiiii,.!, IS a Town on the Coaft of the Medi- tin I'li-.u/, near t'-ree fmall Illands, one of thetn called rfw/o//,and the other two,lieini; ratlier j;rcat Kin.ks,7i«>-/«'/(7/./ and \rjc,g.ill.i, Ttif;.i or J'l'Rt, foiue (ay was RiiiU b\ tile (/»?/;.(, is about ;o Miles from th." Mouth of the .SVif /;;/;/.(, andcuntaiiis 500 lloules. I'llf^ ih .'.I (iomcra^ whiili foine Will have to he rtolii>i\\ jiii-.i, fcated betwixt two hik^h Mountains,hajabout 600 I loufesjone great Squattf, a weak Catlle and a fmall Arlenal on the Shore, wiiere they build (jallevsai-d other linall NelT'els. About a Mile tVom it, !■> Pcmimi tie l^elcz, fiand- iiig on a Kock man llland, and not accellible but up a Wav cut in the laid Rock •, Ktl'ides thib,there is another Kort in the Mid-way, and foine fmall ones which render it impregnable. Aiiituma, Te- pl] I and the other Towns aie too iiiconiiderabli; to have more (aid ( f them. The Mountains here are many, aiiionn; which tli.'.t of Scm.ijiii^ or Xcxiuu, is rcck'itcd the De- liiihtfuUrfl in all Ajnck. Many of tlicrn are lli^h. Steep, Unciintli and Cold, covcr'd f^r the molt part witli 1 rees, and vieldin.', no Grain but Oats and Barley, yet prwkice (--rapes, I- i^s, Olives and Almonds, and have Icarce an\, Wild Heafts, but i;reat Numbers ijff;ii:its, Aliesand Monkeys. All ilir Rivers here are very fidl of hlli. Mod of the Inliabitants of thcfe Mountains have Swellings under their Chins, like the I'eople ot the y4/pj, and are verv deformed, ignorant and radc, but make Hood Soldiers-, exceptiiij; thole of Mount Ali.ii^ who .ire more civili/'d, but fo fierce IiikI jeaK us, tli.it they rather bear with any Cri- piiuals than Adulterers. The I-'iKid is courfe, as liviiit> much upon llarley, red llerrinj;s, Onions, (jarlick, (joat'sMilk, and Ibme Goafs lleili. TIic Province of CARET. The River .l/"/(-v' waflies iro)i the l"aft,the No- '■"■ on ihc Wert, the Mi.dam\int.in 011 tht North, and the Mountains of the Defartsof NiimuU.t run alon^it nil the South. This Province i-. divided into three I'arts;, The one (ontainnii', the* Iowih and Nillaijfs-, thelecond tliei'/jod lands, and the third the Delarts, bcninnini', in the I'-'orth about the MrdiitrraiicMi , and runniiu', SoMthward to lliole o( f »> nil. Th.it I'arl which contains the Vil- laf.e* i^ ifi Miles lonn, and i4over. On the Coaft of the y1/e(/(>f/r(Wfj/( is i!ie Town of /1W///.(, firuierly Ryll.iilniiii, winch h.is an 111- dilferent Port, and was once the (Capital of the I'loviiue, coHtaiiiinp; about 2000 lloufes. In the Year t4y7, the Duke of Mcdiii.iSiiiuiii.i took and burnt it down -, but afterwards \x-opk'd ita^^ain, fotliat it l>ciaine one of the beft darrifons the Sp.iiiiMili had in j4jrick\ for the better Security whereof they built a i;ood Citt.idel. Six Miles from ills the Town of Cil.tf 1, and near it llj con- venient a Il.iibour, that the t'cmtiinn for '.ime Time drove there a coiifiderable Trade -.-vith the I'eople <>1 /<:.. Kin;', f'cy/lin.iiui ot Sp:ii>i after- wards took and .innex'd it to his Crown. Up the Inland is 'J'lJIou, on a liigli Rock, the Way to it beiiij; winding about. Affiis,cj is two Miles from the Sea, on a Mountain. Meqiieb Himii, nr F.ijiiebdemn, is a Mountain runniii); Kaftward from C.if.iju to the River Alnlu- yt, and Soutliward from the Sea to the Defarts ofCiaiet. There were on it 72 N'ill.iiv-;- belorc the SpMii.vds took Cifiijj, but fiiice it is not fo well peopled. Bcniki/ul extends 8 Miles F.aftward from Caj',if.i to the River Xocur and has on it 118 Villages. This Province w.ints fevcral Things nereflary for the Support of Human I ife, cfpcciallv Water, whicli renders it for the molt part Barren. Yet that Part they call the Defart, feeds abundance of Cattcl, which in Summer the yli\ti>, andothrr Inhabitants cail'd BataLijcs, are forc'd to drive to the \iuiix Mulitya. On I'ome of the Mountains; there is n<xxl Pafture, and they yield IJarleyand Honey. They have alio Iron Mines, which Me- tal the Natives exch..iige for 1 ioney. Kefides, here are loiiliderable Breeds of g>)od Horfes. The People are generally Brave, Generous and Kind to Strangers. The Province of CHAUS Mas on the Eaft the River Zha, or Ei.ith(t :, on the Weil the Oiiraif^iir.i, 011 the North Mount Liiidto, and 011 the South the yttUs, being 46 Miles in I cngth, from Eaft to Weft, and 40 in Breadth from North to South. Tvuiert is one of tlie moil confiderable Towns of this Province, very Ancient, feated on a Hill, near tlie River Z/w,its 1 iberties extending North- ward to the Defarts of Uaret. Hadiif^iu ftaiids at the Conflux of the Pvivers /!/////;(/<< and A/iiluyi, which almoll encloie it. The Ar.ibs of Diir.i Pluii- der'd it,and it was (juite forlakcn during the Wars o( Tiiitot ^ but the Turks have reftor'd it entire- ly, lending thither a Colony of the yiiitbsoi A'/u- t!l,i.i. (j'arfis, built oil a Rock, 5 Miles from Ten- rcit -, once the Granary ot the kings of the Race of the yl/friwcx, is all ol black Stone, Houlesand Walls. AUj.i or Tez.:iy, a Strong and Ancient Town, two Miles from .Mount yltl.ti, was once reckoned the 3d in the Kingdom of h^, and Iiad a Molque in it Larger than tiiat in the Citv of Fez. ^ at prefeiit it contains 500 Houlcs, bclldcs Palates, Colleges and Nlof jues of a good Stru- C <: r : fture. ■1 :'':';; '. '* It! < ■ t is i| ? i jl .7<5 'B A R'B A RT. rtiirc, and its Liberties witliviut are of a threat FxtcDt. hciiihiiliiil , forim'ilv Hent.i, is on tlif Deftciit of Mount /-/r/.n, ■md near it a Ivoad wliicli leads into Numldiii. J-/ imlifihiii^ov .iir rlCiitJiii/i, that is, tlie Spring of llie Idols. li)caird from an ancient Temple, where Men and Women met and Coininitted all Sorts of I endncfs. Here are two der.t;lhriil I'lains, that of .S'.-i/i <■/ A/.irg.], i'u'.niryint;, the Plain of the Valiant Men, 14 Miles loni?, and 10 in lireadth. The other i> call'd Ai-'^,iri 1 C'wm.iirii. Mount Ar.itf\a>-t, z Miles from icii, is very ditViuilt of Alrent by lleal'on of the Narrowneisof tite Ways. C.ivtt.i 15 5 Miles from T«t.J, runnin^^ E,dl and Wei^ I Miles in l.eni;t!i, and contains S3 Nillai^cs, be- ildcs two Springs, whid) make two confiderable Hivers. On Mount Me^cz^.i there are 40 \ illaj^es, and -,5 on lliyotm. On that call'd .1/i.itinr, or the Monntain of icoVVells, there is (aid to be a dry one, io Deep that tliey cannot find the liot- torn ot It. Cuiiiiii:^ilf'J}nben, or ('on<hncihcrhcH, u not inhabited, by Kealljn of its C'okinel's, beiii^ all wo.'cied and f\tll of Leopards and Crows, from winch lail it is luppos'd tnjiavc taken tlie Nanie, for ('iin.ii-yi-l-i^heii'i/i , fii;nihes, the Way of tlie CroWs. The North Wind iometimes drives fiu!i Mountains of .Sii'>w on it, that Travellers arc o! ten Biiry'd alive. Retii}.ile.a and Silvio are two Monntains, on caJi Side the River .S';.//«, tii each of whidi is made fail a mighty Beam, wkIi a llroiu', l'nllev,throa;;h which a Kope paliishotli Ways, and on It han.1,- a jjreat Ba-ket that \vi|| Iiold ten Men i tlie nie whereof is, when any wi|| pals over the River, they i',et into itand arcdriwn aerol's with much Eale, lb that it ferves iiiiicut of a Bridge. For the mod part tliis I'rovincc is llonv, dr.: and barren ., yet tliere are fome Valleys and I'l mi' which prodiueCjrrainand fruit, beino w.itei'dj,^' feveral fin.iU Rivers, as alio fome Flax, and feed mucli Cattle and 1 lories. On fome of the M„nr,. tains there are abundance of Siiakcs,and lome thu go into the Houlis and cat what is p,iven tlicin witliout doing any Harm. . ' As for the Natives, thole oh Mount /lAvr; t are wliite, able of Hody, Iwift, and j;oo(| ii,.|j'. men y tliol'c of I'ti-eif^a, arc ill looked ; tlif \y,). men of Mount Buroiiis fair, beautiful and well drefs'd y tlie Men on SVw.n liciiijcchfetai very hni. tal. but thofeof ^(///-y. (/;;.; courteous and iiiodell and fo tliey vary accotcliiifj to the I'evcr.il I'l.iccs they inhabit. !!i CHAP. V. Of the Kingdom of A R G I E R. THIS Name is ^iven it from the Capital City, for umier the Romnis it was calld M-iitrita>;i.i CxJ'.t'ieiifn, as Johi l.cn, AJ.ir- u:ol, Dtviry, hivlw, and all others a^rec, only Clnvc-nns will I'ave t!ie Province C.it.irieii/u to be that of £)./>■/, ill .Xni'nili.i-^ but th.it it w.is this Km .dom appears bv t!ie City Cxf.nr:! built there byK;:!.; y///).), in Honour ot (•'.»/.■<'■ Aui^nlhis. After their Days, wlien coiviuer'd by the Anibs, it was long call'd, the Kii^dom oi r>c>iinoi^ but at pre- fcnt nrwerai is a Dependance on Artier. On tile Well it bi'iderson tlie Kingdoinof AVi, from w!iicliit is divided by tlie Rivers of .I/;/;;./ and Z'j /, or Zii y on the South are the I\"larts cf Kiiiiuili.t\ on tlie r.all the i;rc.it River (in.iJ,- borb ir. fctiaratiii^ it from Titi'is y and on the Nortli the ."'tediterrauean. /.f, and from him Hcyliii, 111 ike t!ic wliole I CI', ',th from Rail to Well ;Ho Milis, Lii C'oi-: cxieiids it to 450, a-id Pierre D.r-t to near 500. The Breadtli from Nortli to South where Lar^eft is 150 Miles, in otlier Places not above f)0. rile Climate, Seaioiis, and Tempera- ture of che Air, are mudi tlic lame as has been faid of /V--. and Atorctco, they all dilVerinj; little in Latitude. The Inhabitants are of feveral Nations, asT/«-^.f and 7 "'(/'/■/'<. I, wlio come from the 1 evant to make tlic'ir fortunes y Native /l/'«*\t. Tributary to the liii-li\ and call'd fi/'fq-/.<jfw y Aut '(;«v,whotome from til.' Mountuns of Conm and L.ibez. ; abun- dance of 'feps and AUrijtos expell'd 'Sp^iu : Ta- i'.irws beiiif.', tliole that came fron A'-rminn and Cn.don.':! ^ belides j^reat N'u.nbcrs of ChrilTian Slaves taken at Se.i. Tlie [,i:biijjcs are Arabs, who !i>e in the op^n Country, aloiiR the Iktiks of the Rivers tor tlie C:mvenieiKv cf Wate.. Others wander 111 the Ujliirts, in fuch Numbers, th it they- value not the Viceroys of y^r^'/'er, anymore thin they did thi Kin^s t,f TiciMieii , and if the A'l-rerines make War on them, they retire to theDelarts of/J/f- diilu,eri(l, where tliey cannot be purlliM. At pre- feut they pav an Ackiiowlediiiieiit to the Cuui- maiidiiH', liitli. Many Parts of this Kiiu'dom aredry and b.ir- ren, yet others abound 111 all Thinj^s nece(lar\, not only for the Support ot I ilv-, but for Deli i'jit and Pleafurc. The Northern Parts of /;f/.;fif,.j next the Mediterranean abound in Pallnivy the Mountains Well of /i'w;, ^-fr/jio aiiil li./j.iMe triutful m Corn and Meailow I and. Aloiii; the (aialls a{ R'i)i.i,Cxiil}MUii!,i and 7rf/?/f(o,', there are Plains full of all forts of Krnit. TheDelartsareihe Habitation of Lions, Olhiches, Porcupines, Wild liv)ars, 1 ledi.'lioi^SjSta^s, (^imaleoiis, .Monkeys .aid all forts ot Wild-Wnvl. The Towns in this Kim;- dom are tliin, and thole not populous, cxceptny the City of Ah^icr. Thole up the Inland are m- habitedby People iiaunhty and bold, wh.iTr.ide into BUcdid^irid, 0'«;«f.i, and other Countries of the Blacks. The inoll remarkable Rivers here are, iIk y.h.r, or yjis, which runs aerol's the Delarts of A:i:,:icily aloiu; the 1 routiers of /c:., and falls into the Me- diterranean , its Water clear and full of lilli. Hu d-Udb.a falls into the //.', near the Plains of (.'ir.it, and alonj' it live many delpcrate Ar.tb!, who are ill Neighbours to Oi-.w. 7c/;;f, h^- Pin- lcin\ call'd S.^i, and now Ifirci-Clol, comes ti\i:u Mount Alii, aiiois the Dej'^rtsof A'Rucrl, and lofes it lelf in the A/olittrr.n.eMi, 5 Le.ii^ues from OfM. Aliiii, is a lari;e River, by /'/ti/r//;j' rall'd ('l!)lt//i.i, ruuuiiu; througji the Plains of li.itl.iii Northward, and joy iiiiiji the /l/iv<(fenvi,vf./« near riieTownof W- i<v). ydij', formerly C.iricn.iiS^- Ice'ids from Mount (•'«./'/(■! r v.", and cr illinr, the I'lfia.t- "B AKB AKJ, Defarts enteib the Sea tni tlic Frontiers of Tri- mtttii-wiX lilies. CWc/, I'uppob'd ti)be thcC/;/««.i of I'lolc.i.y empties it leit' 5 Miks from Aiejer. }Iii(d el Qiiib^r, by the Chijthiiij tail'd Zin^.tnor, aiitl tho^ls^^t to be i\k Nai..4)ais of ft Jemy, after rowliiiti iIdwii from the liigh Tops of Mount //(/^j, ends its C'onrle near />«i;(./. Suff^eM.ir^ whitli loitie believe tu b; rtotei.iy'f, jinipyjty,ii', has itt Rifi; r.i Mount A.i>\ii , navcrles the barren Plants, and 177 by ConfiMUma^ meets the Atedittrr.vieun y.idoiT)^ or Ladoch, has its Orip.in ott Mount At- /.if,and isfwallowMby tivjSca iK.r ^owi. (///,(- dihorbiit; takes its Courli. alonf ttie Frontiers of Jriptli, and jo\ns tlie St« ^'^eft of Biftrt.i. This Kingdom was formerly divided into four Tarts, which are Tre/muiiy Tencx., / ,ii:r and ifi//!w :, at prelent the 7«r/tireckc:. •' I'rovinces ni it, which with their chid Town.. land thus. Trcmeceu ( 'Tremcicrt. \Uiihct. ^h\j'cz.ire. (tetcl.t. fClt:tt',id.l. Ancad. \ Tenjccct. U/lt. f Hem- dhax.t. ben,-Araxid.^i;;;^';^y^„^_ t liatlKi. CAiiliinit. t /f//,(c.;. Couco Kingdom. s^.^- Labez. Kingdom.-^ ^'j[.y_" oncii: t/lliU'IIS. T C Teiiez.. T""- Uudn,. TchtfTa. ^Ttbeffa, r Hitm.oib.tr. Humanbar. ^'Vebmir, CNedKoiiu: llarcfgol. <^Harejf^ol. n,-; ran. Moiiagan. Sargel. The Pioviiice of Tiemecen Was formerly a Kingdom of a lar^c Extent, now reduced to a ImaW Fart of the Knijidom ot A.pjn; Uw'^ ,\.\w\\\ tlie Mediior.me.m from rhi: ("onfiiies of /-fi., ti. the l'rovini\'of Angad., an I llrctchiiu' ijoutlnvard to the Uelarts under Mount jitlu. T'cmcccti its Capit:il, tiK)Uf;ht tc) be the Timiji nf Prolcr/iy, (hinds s Miles South from the /I /ff/;- lor.wc.m. 1 lie Walls ol it liuilt ni tlie Year r^;n. :!veof Squari-StoiK', 40 C.ubits Iiit;h, aiidfortijyd with in.uu lowers, and 111 tliem 5 dates witli DiMW-bndi'.i'. It has a llroiii; (JalUe of Modern Struituie, with l.iri;e Apajtinents for the Taiii- ziiies, s Squire Colleges, i) I'nntipal Mo(!|ucs, tlie reinai'.'(! ■•• <if 15c, 4Statcly Halhsoiitol 160, li llo'pitj's , one lor tlie A'cwr/.W), one for the (irnocjis., tour for the A/ot»:<^ and fix for all Stran- urs', lOliiiKllom Market i'laces. Tlie Uoufe'< ] rj^er and mov.- Beautiful than thole at A f\iti ., witli curious Ciardens (iif all Sorts of fruit, ^or- incrU here were rnkoiii.d6oooHiiules, but now moll of tbe Inliabitaiits .ue Ked Irouilhe Cruelty of the Imk.!. Hiiliii IS a imall Town, half u League South of7Vfw;e(<-»,bui't1n the K.im.ms, aiidtaHVl Afiii.tr.t. Tci'cz.ii>e is itill coidli.ler.Lble, llandinn in the Plain, 4 Miles I'aLi of Ireiiuti.i and wall'd, ■lielu-v'd to be the AftiuAa o'il'i.dany. The Couivtrv abounds lu Water, and produces I'lent\ of Corn, and i'.vi.it Winetv, of Ituu. The inhalntanls are diviclcJ into lour Sorts, Han- dicr.ilts, Merciiaiu.-., (nin men and Svvordlmen. I'he Merchants I'lade into the Country of the lilacks. fhe lii!-abiunu of the Towns are I'o- hte aiii' Courteous •, thole of the Plains wander about from I'lace to I'late. IheKin^sof ircmi:- UN \vv.ie once I'owerful-, they long paid Tribute totlie Kiiijis of >■/)./;«, and now the Country is Subject to the lurk:., i-vjverird by ail Aluudc leui thither by the Jl.iB-t ot u-L.^icr. 'Brtfior. Argier Bugia. Ciigeri. rCarifl.m Conft.intina.< Ajcal. rArpjcr. jTeddettz^ )S.,j.,. t Cul de/Madejjres. < Sufc. < Cigcri. Cotifl.mifia, .adu. .lur. Bona. " Botiii, \ MeU The Province ol Angad Is no other than the Weftern Fenny Part of the Province of Trtmctcn, 17 Miles in I.en^ith from Part to Well and 1 2 in Breadtli, tlie River Mdn- \'> runniuf^ throui'^h the midfl of it, on whofe Banks live feveral confiderable Herds of Anibs^ ivs thole of Vied TMii, Vied Ana.v , and Vltd, M.w^ar. Tlie Towns Iiere are, Ck inld.i, bcinft Ptolemy'^ /-.wji;.«<j, feated in a Plain, y Miles from the Aie- diterr.uicrin, and contaiiiiiu', ^000 Families. Ten- J()',i.fi, Strom;, as iVandinn on a Rock, in the Way to/-ii,, where the I'liris have rais'd Fortifica- tions, made an Arfenal, and keep a j^cwd Garri- fon. ////, or /Ceril, by foine call'd (jif^lmi , and taken for the Oiv.i of PtuUir.y., is in a Plain, de- fended bv a Kort. Bcni-'/xtiiic IS a Mountain in tliis Provincc.witli feveral \'ill.it;es on it, and a Caftle in whicli the lord of tlie Mountain lives, it is moft barren and uinvhokloin, but the plain Country yields Corn and all Sorts of Friiit •, and in the Defarts thiie are .AbundaMce of Red and fallow Deer, Wild Boiirs, Olhiches, laons. Ore. The Delart l\irt ol tins Province is full of Araht., who rob the Palleinjers betwixt te^ and Irtmctdi. The Goveiiiour rcfides at Cujgidit, Tlie Province of BenI- Araxid Or Bcfii-K.izid., is a .Ocpendance of Arfiier, n Miles 111 Length and 5 m Breadth, the Southern Part of It Plain, the Northern HiUy. ItsCapital ii Be/ii-Ar,i.\- , tho' not wall'd, containing lOoO Houfes. The next Place is CWw.i, formerly yifoj, enclos'd by a flroni; Walt between two Moun tains. The third Alwochiijiuropa), but has a fort to del'eiid it where the Ciovcnioiu refides with a );ood(j«rriloii. Ilic Soil is -very where Fertile in Com, feeds great HocKs of Cattd, and has (lore m *'4 *■' ; I' I •>X W iV, \i u i m 17S "B JRB /RY. ftore (if Hone V. Moft baiulmen or Grazier?. if ilic Natives are Hi. - The Province of Miliaria. lies up tiK" Inland of tlic K.iiiRdom of A.fje), tiikins^tlK Name *'f its Capital, and ii.\ninj> mi the Weft to the Province of Fcni-Araxid, and on theEaft to that of Arpifr. The Citv, foimerly Aldifiauc^ or M.wli.m.ty is lari'.e, ;iMd built by the Roitiiins, (lu a hi;;h Hill, 9 Miles from .-he^ier., en- compaiVd witli liii;h \\'alls, reachins:^ on the one Side to A Deep\'allc\, andafiendint', on the other to the Top of the I lill. Mi-ain.i was alio built by the Romans, \z Miles from tlie .Tfetliterr.iiicvifbc- fwecn AUfl.if,:!!! and Tenet, wall'd, and in it a Citadel, a Palace and a lari;e Temple bn^lt by the Rom.m.t, Tclj'.ir.i, by tlie yij'ric.ws rall'd TcqiuUfM, that is, the ancient Citv, is famous in R,i/:.i/i Hi- flory, by the Name ofCtJluci, and now CiMitains I ^00 Houfe?. Alt the People of this Province aie mean and intonfiderable. The Province, or Kingdom of Couco. It was formerly call'd Ciiri ib.i, and tho' a Sepa- rate Kingdom, yet being Tributary to j4rp.icr, the Turki reckon it, as a Dependance thereof. The Mountain Coido , which Ikis its Name from the Capita!, feated near it, is properly caU'd Fi,uit:t Andilom, and lies between Artier and Biigiii. Tlie City Couco contains 1600 Houfes, is nanualiy very Strong, as being fecar'd by ftecp Rocks, and where thole fail, has a t;ood Wall. TimacusMw Sea-Port belan;;inn to the Kint; of Comn, but ta- ken from him by the Aigieriues. Here i» great Plenty of Fruit, Flax, Honey, Wax, Corn and Cattle, and on the Mountains there are Iron Mines, and Salt-Peter is found. The Iniiabitants are all Afil>o/iiet.i/is, except rome7f!f.', and a few Chriftiau Merchants. The Kin^'/s Revenue isva- lu'd at 70OCCO Ducats, and he maintains himfelf ay,ainft the TioIk by the inaccctViblenefs of Ins Mountains, ftandinii always upon his Guard, and rather favourin^j tlie Sp im.nd: than the Aajenncs. in the Days of the Emperor 67; /;/f.( the jch, the Prince tlien rei^niiiR allilkd him witIi20oo Men againll that City, and when he was gone made Peace with /l>\sii<r, which was not l.illiiu^-, but tho' the i'pMiii»d.< endeavour'd at other 7 line* to maintain their Inteliitience there, it ihll prov'd of no Efteft. The Province, or Kingdom of Laber, like the l«ft above, is Tributary to Arp^in, bcin^ Mountainous, % Miles from Cumo and lo or 1 1 from Hii-^ia. On the Top of the Hill is a Fort call'd CjLh, and at tlic Foot of it a Town nain'd Tr///, with a Cit.idel, to oppoi'e the Turk!. \ery little f'orn, or Frnit i',rows liere, or fcarce any thinji but Sword (jrals. The Natives are much like thofe of Couco : 1 his K\ng is ahle to brini', into the Field :(0O0O Horle and Foot, but isoblit;'d Yearly to fend the Ballii of Ai.n.ur .^co Horfes, and 1000 Goats, in Return for which he has a TurkilVi Cymitar let with Stones. The Province of Tenez Lies to the Northward of Ciico and Labr:., a Maritime Part of the Kingdom of Ar,.ier , bor- ileiing Weft on T^f/Mff;.', Eaft on A,cier, yr.'t pcilv (o c.illd , and riachini< <>n rlie Soutl. ti. Mi.unt v4r/i). Tenti, the Capital Citvf it. hv Mil m^l thous;ht ii> be the Ao</Yi.-,'«/,7,and b\' Smu the lipoj.i of I'tvlcmy, is leated on the V,\^ Top of a Hill, 17 Miles Fall of Or.m, and the (imv Di- iVa. ICC Weil from A>/ie>. It has a CaUU, (or iieily tiie Palace of the Kings, .ind now of the Govenioiir'). ^/(t/H.<,or Aftir.t,\s on the 1 lOiitiers of f'V/;(/iiiand IliUiliiUcriJ. The Soil '.;;eiK'ialU Fruitful , tiie I'roduii of the Country C"/jrii,c;at tel, Wax and Honey. The Native, .ae r.ideaiid unpoliftrd ■, but the A>\il)<hA\i io.'iethnm i-f Bra- very and Generofity,and tlw' if,iv.»raii; of i li;iKiiir Men of Parts ■, i\n if any I'uili luppeii> tw coiuf amont^them, they (Tup him to decide all l)ii]"f- rences among them. The Province of Tcbcll'.i _ Is an Inland Country, beariiiRtlie N.inie of its ("apital, formerly call'd rh.ibi:ii.t, and Hated on the Frontiers next FllcAnlccrui, 5.1 MiKn from the A(ediicn\im\i>:. The W alls of it are of j arne Stjiiare Stones, which j;ives Occafion to believe it was built by tiie Rom on ■, belidcs that tliere are found in it abnudance of .Antiquities, and parti- cularly, f.itin liillriptioii> oil I'lUars and utiier Pieces of Marble. On the Mountain near the Town , there are large iJens, which tl;e People fanl'ie were the I)wel1in!!,sof C}iants,tho' it app- irs the\ are only Quarries, whence the Stone was d.u; to Huild the Place. This u reckoned one of tlie beautifullert Towns in At>.ik\ ard laid • f rMls them all m three Thin; •, the (jtx'dn. ^ (ii i'; Walls, its excellent Trees, and t!ie Mulru .le ;if Walnut Trees, wliich make it lock like ' Foroft on all Sides. However ilic Air u uiiwiiolfum, and t!ie Territory not over fruitful. Tlic Province of Hamanb.ir Bring the inoft Weftern .Maritime Province of this Kingdom, hearing rlie Name of its C ipital, bordering on tlii: Province of /ii. The(j'.v H.i- fntinb.tr, or Hi'r.i':in, whicii AVifV/ believes to be theo'vi./w;, and 6'v,(;;.-.jvf the .S'i;;.( o( Ptolr/.\,, h.is a lit;Ie Harhoiir,andgood Walls-, its Houlc hand- lorn, built ol btone o( leveralCoUjiirs, widieaclj a Well of frelli Water. Tihity'it, iormerly J'hiuii- iii, is at the l(X)t of a Cra^;g) iViountaiii, on the Coaft of the Mcditerr.m.Mi. h'ed-RomJ, that is, Nc:v-Kome. ihiiids 111 a ''lain, three Miles from tlie Sea, thought to be the Ccl.i/n,> of I'toleris. Its Walls, Huiifes, RuiiH, and mighty Stones and Pillars of Alibafter found there witli L.ii.u Inl'cn- ptions, plainly (how u was the V\'ork ol the AV DhMs. Here are two Mountains, tlic one call'd T.irarc, or CualU.ijit, very Huih and Steeps tJie other Vib.ira. All tlie Country, both Fliils and Plains yield much Cotton, Flax, Fruit and Corn. TIic Province of Harclgol Is .mother Maritime Province, fo call'J. from its Capital, where the Governour relides, Itaiuling Weft from tl::iii.mbiy,:\\v}i Ealt from Oi. 1,7, at tlie Mouth ol the River lefcnc, or S^y.:, whicli wallus it round, except on the South, where is. 1 narr.nv Palfage am(Mi;', the Rocks, was Taken and I'liin- der'd by Count Peter |\3 , T* .13 of N.i^ ■jii'ye in 1 3 70, but rebuilt by the /■/'.//•<, who now pollcis it, by the Coiifenr BAK'B ARY, 179 Conftnt of the Turks, by 'vhom the Citadel \i garrifoii'd. Tiic Province of Oran 1 ic^flill upon the McJiterrrtiie.vi, bouiukd on the Welt liy that of Hanjl^d, and on the Rail by /'fw;. The C\t\f Or.w ^ Ibme fay, is the fiime wlrnli Pli'iv r.ilU iJ^i-L.1 and Ptolemy J>u,J t, ut rmji, or aciordmi; tn otliers, his kofuwi. Its Situation isopiiotite XoC.trth.i^f'/a wSpiin, (larily III iW: I'lain, .uid partly on tlie alccnt of a Hill, with the Sim on onefidi-, and Hrooks on theother. Itwashccoin; .1 mighty Harbour of P\rats, who iiifelkd the(^oathof Sp.tin, which mov'd Cardi- iul Ximnicz. CO undertake the t'onqnt-lt ot it , i-.herem lie Siuoccded and icleai'd 20000 Chn- itian Captives. Since tlien it ever tontinu'd in the Pollliiion of the Sr::>ii,i>ds , till now about t!k' latter end vi the Year 1707, or bei',iiMnni;ot i7c!i, It was aitei- a loiijj Siej^e retaken by the hiltdolt. The Pfovincc of Molbgan UaUiecn made by the'J/o-^vtof two Sea-l'>rt5, which are /I/./i.i,:).^;, a.-d Hjt.ig'i'i^ the iirll ot them hippos'd by /'/■' v^-o/ to be Ptnhir.ys I'o'tiis Dinr/ini, near t!ie M.mth ot the River I'I'ilcl, two Imall Leagues froin(J. ;//. It is wall'd and has a good Caille. .-1/>/^(i;..',v, bcliev'd to be C.mai.t m Piokm\\, is on \.\k Mcditcrr.incx,!^ 9 Miles Irom O'.iw, and but two from tl;c River Oj,Vf/ and Ma- vi5*-.'«, containmi; \%co Houfes, and a ilately Mofqiie, is a good I'ort, and has a Catadel in the hiRhcrt l^irt of it. A Leai^ue WdV from Orw, ovcrafmall Eav, ^iwAi M>z.iilqiiivir^ fignifving a^reat I'ort , likelv to be the Partus Mi-vits ot I'tolot.y , for it is reck'ned one of the larj^ell and f,ifcl\ in tlie World. The Spim-^rds took tins I'lace 111 the Year 15C5. and tnive inaintain'd it till this Day, when .t is bclieg'd by the Infidels. In this ("oimtry i> rlie Mountain M.iii.n:iv.i runnnit; 9 ieaeucs alonjj the Meditoi.nir.it/, the People on It, tlio' Natives, wander .ibout in Tents like tlie Arabs, and pay 12OCO Clowns a Year to the 114.1 of .i'-i;icr. The Province of Sargel Is another of the .Mantimc C'jovtrnments, and Uilineniber'd from tliat ot V.-.fi. Its Capital of the lame Name, is thou^^ht to be the ancient C.itiii- ii'.'s built by the K'nnms, on tlie y!/(v/;f(ir.wMw, ') Miles hail ^i l:m^. 1 lie VVa',.s are of Square itone, and there arc llill to he teen tlie Remains of a Magnificent Temple eieiited b'^ the Rum.vn. Hajiiii, ox liirju., Is another /'('/v../« Town, near the Mciiitnr.i.c.ii,, the Walls of it a Mile and half ill C. .mpali;. l-onr Miles H.atl of .'^.li i;f/ is a Moun- tain call'tl by the liiikf (.:.,\ii'u!.i, by the Alons (/i.i; j;.i«?-,and by the ('hriliians B.i' :.'/«, lohit^h tlwi, iroin the lop of it, a Ship may be teen 12 1cii!2,nesotVatSea. The Country affords Corn, kuit .nid lla\. Thclnhahitantsare ingenious^ thole of S.irf^ii .'pply ihemlelves to the bilk Ma- nn laiSlnre, and tl.oie of hrcjioi- have a Crol's paint- ed on their lianil ■tiidThit;h, an ancient Cullom remainiri; amoiuj, them fince the T'.me ot the (Joths. Tlie Province ol Algiei". Tins was one of the four Provinces of the for- 11 er Knu;doin oi Ircmtitn , bordering Wellward on the I'rovnue of 7f/<fi., Eiillward on that of /</'! 1.1, Sonthw.ird it reaches to Mount y///.(.', and on the North lias tlie Mtditorancm. The Plains liere are inhabited by rich Arabs, call'd Sen Tetix.t, and the N^ountains by Bcrehxs and Ar- fiiaf-es. The City (V Airier was the Capital of AfMiri- t.vila, in tne Days of Kini; Jiih.t , and its Anti- quity is the Caufe we cannot decide whnw.isits Founder. Some will have it to be the ancient Srtlde ■, MercMor, and others Jitli.i C.ij'nc 1. Tiic Mahomttan Arabs^vAvi abolilli'd all Roin.w Names, ^.ave it that of Alji,e7.ir\ that is, the lllsnd, on Account of a Imall one there is opj-ifite to the Mole. Its fifture is Square, and its Situation is on the Side of a Hill, lo that the Honfes rife one above another, and by that means cvjry one has a full Profprtt of the Sea The W alU arc partly Hriik and partly Stone, i.' Foot in Thicknefsanu ^o Foot High, in the Upper-part of the Town, but 40 next the Sea , llrtngthned with Towers ■nid Haftions, and a larcie l)itcli. The Streets, which afcend,as the Town does, arc moll of thetn narrow, to keep out the Sun :, except one thaC runs from Lall tc Wefl, which is wider, and full of Shops of all Sorts of^ Commodities, and there the Corn, Hread, Filhand Flelli-markctsarc kept. The Ciates that open are f.iK, fomc others being wall'd up. The Houfes are about 15000, all of Hrick and Stone, whitened within and without^ but fmall and only one Story high, the Rooms of them brickd of feveral Colours. There are above lOO Fountains to ferve the City with Water. Five or fix Families live in every Houfe, which has four Galleries above and as many below, and a Court in the Middle. The Rooms next the Street have Windows, but thole inwards none, nor are there any dardens behind the Houfes. The B ifj.'i Vs.- lace is the noblell Strudare in the City. There are Nine other Buildings they call C;f' >/, which are Ca/ern;, bein^ the Habitations of "^co J.^.' futtu Six Prifons, wh.ch they call Ri'S, lerve to keep the Captives tiu y take at Sea. The real Baths amount to 6;, and the Moiques to 107. Inns and Lodging Houles t'lere .ire none , but abundance of faverns .uici t'ooks Shop, , kept by Chriliu'n Slaves. The Mole makes all the Har- bour there is, defended by a J-ort , erefted on the Point of the llland oppolite ro it. Belides tiiis, there ave feveral Forts both tyithinaiid with- out the Cat';. The otiicr Towns are Teddilci., formerly Ad- dim.' •■, Siijft, which is the ancient I'lp-ljus , and Col dt Mndtj (I rj,built and inhabited by the Aloors that Hed ont of Sp.thi. The I and here is gene- rally rinitfnl, excepting Ibme Barren Mountains, near tlie Sea. In the Deferts there are Lions, leopard-, Tigers, Wild Boars, Hedgehogs, Buf laloes witii long llraighl Horns, Multitudes of Partridges, and all orlier Sorts of VVild fowl. Or.iih.')!-- tells us of a particular Sort of Beall here call'd, AiS.ipiid, which they tame, as he fays he- did li>me himlelf, and itlerves for Hunting, like al3og. The Head is like a Cats, theTail mottled and the Innd Legs longer than the tore. Here is another Oeature between a Dogand 1 1 ox^whole Breath 111 a Momingfalhii^^is laid to cure Numb- nets in the 1 imbs. The Inhabitants of Aii:^ie>- are almoft white, flrong cf Body, and well fi.ap'd, but here are People of all Nations, .Y.».<i,(r(fj, rmh, Afons, And.tlui.tims, jnri, Lawny /l/flcr.t of Caino mA L.ibt^, and Aut.is^ne.., befidcs Merchants and Chriltwn Slave Without the Towns there are none i, .*r M ' 14'* iJi ■ a.H'.- ■** i^tl !8o B AK'B AKY. 3 i i (liHie but Afooyj and -/4/;tt/ living in Tents near tlic Rivers fur the (like of the VViUer. The Vice- 1>>V and great Men let their Beards grow, tlie Corntnoii lort wear Whiskers. Iheir H-juliiold- Cioods are I'ots and Uillies, great woovlen Snuoiis "' Trunks, a Mar, aCaruetjaQ;iilt, and two or three Hlankeis •, yet moil ot them lie at Nu'.ht on a Mat, wlutli is their Tabk-Clotli in the Their lood is Kiie, fine Hour made into final! grains hkeSliot, wliith tliey call 6/.'i.iHc, build Meat, ami 1 ruit. The Cliril'tians iliat are free wear tljeir own Country Habit, tlie Slavi-s a grev Suit and Seaman's Cap. 1 he tommun lort ol' AUo,\< over tiieir Shirt have Linen Drawers, and a "looil; Cianuent ot" whiti- Woollen, with .1 Hood to It', or elle a Mantle down to tlieir Knees, which they wr.ip uhoat tlmn, and is ge- nerally black. Ill Siuniner they wear two wiiite Shirts. The Titrkijh Men of Quality are more decently rlad in Silk, or fine Cloth, their Tur- bants arecuriou?, aiid Boots on tlieir legs. The VV'om-iis Apparel dilfers not much in M.ike fr(.)m the ,\kiis , hut tlicir Garments are more gay and light, tlicir Smocks reaching du'.vn to then- Heels-, their Hair ty'd behind ^ and t!iey we.tr Collars, Bracelets, Rings, Pendants, and (iaps on their Heads -, and -,vhen they go asroad they have a I incn Clotli over tlieir Faces , which they make lall under their Chins, and wrap an upper Kobe about tliem, io that they are not to be known oiherwile than b^ tlie Slaves that attrnd I'lein. The ancient Alisrines fpoke the rharnki.v: ruid L.itit: under the^"/H.«;t, but xhe Ar.ibs intro- duc'd their Language, and fincethe links theirs. Tlic Native Moon ip.ak the old Language of the Country -, but the Chrilliaiis here and ihrongh- out the Lcv.ini talk U>:^:u Fiam.i, wllich is a corruption of Sp.Doji , ltiUi,i>/ imd trcuih. The Coin here Us'd is moil foreign, ,\<,TiiikiJh SidtMUiis oi Gold, worth .1 Ducat:, ALruMcs of /■■<■-, worth two Shillings , >p.//..y,'; R^als, Da.'ih Crowns, and Unug.ii i.iti Ducats, i he Money Cuin'd litre, IS Jiiirb.is, worth half an yipit-^ .-If. /;(f.(, a liiiai'l Iquare piece of Silver, 15 of them iii.ikinga SpMuJh Ry.il-, a Vuhl l., worth above a Crown. At /lf//;(ct// they com pieces of Gold c.dl'd Hiibios, wortii ^^yilptd-^ AUUi.nUjWoith %o -, and y.i.iiis worth lob. So;ne reckon the Kevenucsof y//i;(f/ at 400000, other; at 4SCCC0 , others at Ocoooo l^u- fats, all which goes into the fl./;/i's I'ocket, the Grand Signioi- receiving notiiiugtjicnce buiioiiie Voung Iio)S, and other I'rcltntsof linall \ alue. The Province of Biigia Lics upon the Co.ifl: of the Mc,:.:cn;i)if.w , bearing the N.une of its Capital, and is Mall of Al^icr^ having been formerly a Kiiu'.d'Mii, ihetch- ing 50 Miles Southward over the Mountains to A'lM.idia, being the Lallern Part of the ancient Mir)ii,iiuj di.i, ici^Jis^ bordering VVcftward on y1l!\:ery Lallw.ird on <;(,,(. (, Soutliwar" on JliU- dnlgcitd, and walb'd on the North by the Audi- ta ,.i»i I''. The Town of /l/n'J.i^ about whofe former Name Authors vary, is feated near the y1/(«jf(v, >•.(/;(.»;, on the fide ol a Hill, 17 Miles Eart ot Ahir.The Koiivis were the l-ound.rs of it. 'Ihe Walls arclirong, the Streets handfome, and there are in it many Mulques, Colleges, Moiialunes, pub- lirk Inn? , HofpitaN, a ^'.od Mniket p'..!>:c, :» n.« bleCit.idel, the Walls whereof ;4re all full „| I etterk made in the I'l.ilter, or cut in \\ ..id iu curioiilly, that this Ornament is thonglu toh.ivt; nill as much as the lort. Adicilc or ^Mchlc i> 1 Town on the Kniiitiers next Nrmidta. Steh^h\ Al.trinol call'd Tcuiz.1^ and by Ptulemy, An! 1, IS 15 Miles South of /iir j.i, in a plealant \':i||fY' the Walls of it of Stones of a wondeifiil lariic- iiefs. Aff <.•/.'; , formerlv ^''i!.i, is one ot tlie pleaiantell Towns in Ilirh.vy^ towards the Kroii- tiersof A''/(w«(/.« waird,the Houfes but one Stoi y liigh, witii Gardeiu to them all. The Soil is poor and bears but little Wlica'-, but good Kruir. The Mountain IVople are bold' courteous, and much given to Railerv,,iiid the-/ haveaCrofs painted on their Hands and '"Ik-ek<; ever fince the (/uf/i.i were Maftcrs of that dn-m- try. Their Wealtli confills in I nut, dttel. Hempen and Tlaxen Clotli. The Money they ule is made of pieces ot Iron weighing !i.ilf a Pound, ;'.ud bits of Silver of tour Grams. Tlic Province of Gigeri Takes its Name from ;>n open Town and .» d file that coiTiinands all the Country. Ihal Town is near the Sea between Akkr and Bii^i.i^ and contains :.co Houfes. Near it on the top nf a Hill llands an old CalUe , almoll: niactellible. 1 his Province reac'ies to the I'rontiers of X.m.i- di.i, and Ims within its compals Mount Am.r^^ wiiuh runs j6 Miles from North to South. r,o- lopiits nuntioiis this Miaintani by the Name of Anrin.1,1, and places it ten Miles from (.of/j.-sf. 1 lie Land lure is poor, bearing only Bar!y,Hai, and Hemp. Tlie Province of Conlbntin-i, So call'd from its Capital, lics up in the .l/ir,/.- ttnwitui bordering upon i'mif. Fl-.e City of this Name, formerly call'd CWui A'.v".- J.m-, or C>-- /.< ;'//i/;.;, was built by At a iH'.i, Kiii:', of \,imid^.i. It is fc.ited on the South fide of a In.'.li ^l(^llllIain, ei'compalled on all fides wiihllecp Koiks, ancl fortified on the North with lii^h Walk u| black l']uare Stones, wlmh n.ikes the acfei> very dif ficult. Ihe llouk-s in it are about 1000, the Streets handloine, and every Trade has itsfeiM- rate Quarter. On the North fide is a Citadel, and without the City many ancient Ruins, a inong ^vhlch a Rim.m Trnmiphal Arch. The de- Icent to the Kiverisby Steps cut in the Rocks, /nd oppofite to the laid River a X'ault going down 111 the fame manner, the Roof, Colnmib, and Floor being all of a Piece. Tliree Stones throw from the City is a hot Spring, and h lit- tle further E.illwarda cold one, witli a .Marble Struc'ture , adorn 'd with Statues. The People fanfie this Structure was a College, and that the Mafter and Scholars being wicked Men, were converted into Statues. The Territory of Cimjiinitiii.i yields thirty for one, and the Mountains want for nothing. The hot Spring abo»e-inenti<!ii'd breeds .ibundance of Snails, which the lili , Wdinen take tor IVvils, and believe the^ give tliem Fevers, and do other Milchiets-, fi.r prevention whereof they kill a white Pullet, and puttnig it into a Dilli, with a Waxcandle, where loine At.ir.ihom^ or pre- tended Religious Mull makes his Advantage*' of It. Th' 'ilf.tUh, 10 Mil 'BJR'B A RY. igt . Tbe People on t!'C Moiintain9 ure warlike , tut civil i/.'«l •, yet often fijiJitniR fur tlu'ir Wives, who run from die Hill to anotlici when tliey grow weary of iheir Husbands. They are able to brin^ 4CXX)0 Men into the Field. The Province of Bona Is alfo Maritime, and fo rall'd fnnn Bona, the rai»ita), formcrlv rJippo, famous for its Hifliop S. yiiigii/hii, fcnilt h\ the Romans on fleep Rocks, near the Aftdhtirane,w. The Town is very liiull, and the Streets narrow. A quarter of a lcat;iie from it are the Rtmis of a Monaftery built bv S. jliigtifltUy and by it a curious Spring; which the Moon ftill call by liis Name. On the Eafl fide is a Fort, built by the King of T«»u, ■where the Governour refidcs with 200 janifanes. The Country is fruitti'l in Corn, (haded with jujub Trees, the Fruit whereof the Natives dry in Summer to feed on in Winter. There is al- fo great plenty of Cattcl, and of all forts of Fruit. Only a fmall part of the Mountains \i inhabited, by reafon of thecontuiual Incurfions and Rapine of the Arabs. Six Miles Eaft of Bona is a Fort call'd, the Baftioii of trance., kept by the t'niiih, who have there Ma&a/.nies of Corn and other Commodities, Aparttrieiits for thofc concern'd, a Chapel, a Burial-place , a Garden, and an Hofpital, all kept by a Itroiig Garrifon. m CHAP. VI. Of the Kingdom of Tunist ''T^H I S KiiiEjdom formerly :ontain'd thePro- I vii'CCsot ('oafliiiniiiA^ I'linis., Tripoli, and •*- f.U'il;, and extended 120 Leagues alonj' the /t/fW;fr»r.;«ci»,but has now loft tliem all, and IS bounded on tlie Weft by the L<.iver O'n.iiiilbor- htr, feparatin^ it from Confiannn.i •, on the Eaft by tlie River C.ipcs, which parts it from Tri- poli :, on tlieSoutli it joins to Niit/iidia, and on the North is watcr'd by tlie Afcditerrunean. Tlie principal Rivers are Guadilborbar., for- merly call'ti T'ufc.ty which riles a little above the Town of VrU'y and in its courfe to the Sea has lo many Wiiidiiif,s, ihat thofe who Travel from Tu- nis to Jioij.t are oI)li);'d to Ford it 25 feveral tmics, there beiii^', neuhir Hrid^e nor Boat on It. The Mouth of it is under 7 J^arcd, 7 Miles fri'in Bugi.i. Miftidd. anciently Cif<d«j, feems to he an Ann of (iHMiilborb.ir, which after wa- tering the C')untry of Choros falls into the Sea IK >r A/.irfj. Afticritda, or Magiurdecz . tor- ircrly Baf^radi, where Atdins Ref^idin during ilic firft Ciirtli.ig,ini.i>i U'ar found a Serpent 120 Foot long, has its Source in tlie Country of Ztb., mils by 'Iih'i].i, and winds with the Sea near Ca- idr.tid', 10 Miles lioin liwu. It fometimeso. Tunis. sTiiHts. (loictta. rCioictt. SM.irj,. ' 'oletta. jAibtl. verflows to fucli a degree, that Travellers art oblig'd to wait three or four Days to Ford it, Tlie Caps or Capes., thought to be the Triton of the Ancients, proceeds from a fandy Defart near Mount A'j/j/jf, towards the South, and meets the Sea at a Town of the fame Name •, from which the Kay is fo call'd •, and by the Ancients Syr/c^Near the Town of Elhamm.i, this River makes a Lake call'd. The lepers lake, becauli: the Water of it drank, cures fuch as are troubled with that Difeafe. This Kingdom has many fruitful Mountains and N'alleys on the South, among which arc Zagaon, C'ue/iet, Bcnitttren, and Nefujus :, the two lad fe- vcn Miles from Zerbi and Aificin. Zagaon is fix Miles South from Tunis j on the top and fides, and at the bottom of it are the Ruins of many Caftles built by the Romans, with Latin Infcri- ptions cut on Marble Stones. Water was brought from the i\w . Mountain in AquedufVs to Car- thage. There are alfo Roman Remains on Mount Oue/lei, which is three Learues from C.truan. Thedivilionof this Kingdom is into eight Pro- vinces, five of them Maritime, and three Inland, which with their Ptnuipal Towns, ate as follows. CamnuiYt, irian.i. Byfctta. \ B^jertH. S I'orto tarina. llie I'loviiice and City of Tuni». lliis City was known to xhc (ireeks and ^»- • ins by tlie fame Name ; and l-iiy places it three Mi'.v~ from Carth.i/,Cy which Ibews they are much dcmv'd who mnh.eTuui' ,wi\ Cartb.i^e the litme. It is featcd near the po iit of tlic Oulph Urbs and Bcggia. Suia. /::rbi. vihggia. fHaui. yZainmin, ,Casbit. i Mahomet a. f Heradea. C Monaflerio. Africa. X Afri{a.,ox Mehedia. of Goletta, two Miles fram the Medittrrtmean, \i a League in compafs, and endos'd with a Wall 40 Cunits high. All tne Outworks about it were deftroy'd by the Turks, The Gates were «ive, the^reat Streets 18, befides abundance of tmallcrols onc^«the Markets or Squares 16 •, %\\ Molques, ;i*.~hriftian Chapels u the Suburbs,? Odd Synagoguei^ Pll i8ai "B AR'B ARY. \\ 1 ',*'! n k Sviianiie'.iic<!, 24 Hermitages, t^o Baths , 86 Sfliiiols 9 Ci)lU(^cs, 64 Hofpitals, and ?ooW(xj1- Um) aiitl Lincii-Drapcis ■■, but \wA\ oi tlitfe Stiu- flitres liavc been (icilrov'il. Tlicrc are mnv 9 I'cr- foiisto (liUt up tlic Slaves-, the Baffa's Palace is a iKiMe Struauic, the < itaclcl Id ftroiiji, ami by It a Molquc, on whic!) there was a Tower, reckuu'd tlie next in all Jftlck to that of /-'fi. The other Stnidtitres lh!l remaining, are a Court ^vith Ca/ernes about it tor tlie 7<wii.ir/f/, an Fxcliani;e for the Mcrrhants, a CAillomHoufe, the >'/(; i's and Cid M.iUmct's I'alace , and for t!ie number of lloules it is inferior to few Cities ill I' mope, but they are fnaU, and only one Story hi;i!i. There were lormcrl\ three Suburbs, at prelcnt but two. The Tombs i.i( the I'lirh are aborf tlie City, adorn'd with Marble and curious H :(ls of (-lowers about them. With- in theCiiy there are neither Wells nor Springs, Imt only great (^irterns, in which they lave tlie Rain Water, and of late Years an Aquediirt was uiadebv a K.illa to bring i'ouic Water. The Soil of the Kin)jdoiiiof 'rums i^ generally fruitful towards the Welt, wliiih iswater'dby ievcral R;vers •, but very poor liaitward, tor wantof Water ', towards the South it i^all Hills and \allcys, yielding good l-ruit. About the City the Land is fodry, that it mull be water'd, which, witli tlie Incurlions of the A'ubs, makes C rii very dear •, yet there are many good (Jrar- tlens near the W alls, and luili \\ cuds of Olive- Trees fir .1 1 uiguc about, that they have Oil to fi-nd abroad, and thcv make Charcoal of Olive- Vi,.:d, having no other. _ On the Mountains there arc great numbers of wild Heatls. TheC^ity is inhabited by aIuds, lhks,Jeivi, anil Chi iltiaii 'iIuvcj of all Nations, taken by the I'irates. There is alii) a fort of Scoundrels, look'd upon as Saints, who go bare-headed, and wiih- out Sliooes or Stockings, and are inaintaui'd by tlie publick. The Scholars, Handicrafts and Tra- ders arc decently clad, wearing ////<■;//> Turbants, wliich the Courtiers and Soldiers do not. The VV'oinen are neat according to their Qiiali- t\, and go abroad N'eil'd, Iptiiding miuh Mo- ney on Iwcet Scents. Tlie comuion People Iced iinuh on a tort of Compofitioii they call Ji-Ju, made of Water, Barley Meal, Oil,and Juice of i imoiis, whic'i they eat raw. 1 liey alio cat Meat, cfpecially Lamb. Tliey have another Mixture they call L.tju, an Ounce whereof makes tliem extraordinary merry, aiul creates an Appetite j btlldes other Inventions to provoke Lult The I\Mple ill Mount Z.y.ww live in Tents upon t!ie i'ruiit of tlicir Homy, thole towards the South have tlie lame 1 iabitations, removing from Place to Place to graze their Cattel. The /Vj/Ji/ s Revenue is reckon 'd worth zccooo l'>ucals a Year. The greatetl Trade here is Oil, Olives Soap, Oftrich i-eathers, and Horfes. The A'oAiJ/j Kings of Ihi/ii coin'd bnliaiilns ol 24_Ca- racts Weii^ht :, there are alio tquarc pieces of Sil- ver which ti.ev call A'ojoras, as alio Jj^crs, Dvii- i'lf.t, and Hiiib.u, of thelaineNaluc as at yi/i^ii''. As to Government, the y-if.,who is fupreme, is tholeii by ilie Ihvim. The Di^.m is a Coun- cil cotnpos'd of the yii\'i of the 'jn/iij.nics, one fin J, L2. (Jdiibuhis , 2^ Hold: iiih.nhiiy two Se- cretaries, and 4 Chi.iiis, who decide all Alfairs with the ciMifeiic of the ihy \\\r. Cadis are judges in matters of linall <^)iilei|nciice. After the Ahkomtiimi had made themfelyes Mailers of B.irb.iry, one Ibrah./?! crefted the Kingdom of T/w/V, wlu)l'e Succelll'rs held it till y1bcl.ll Mnrir.en King of Afvroao liirpiiiniVcJ thein, and plac'da (joveriiour over tlic KuuvJ.nn. Thus it continued for fomc Cicnerations, till one ylby.ih.ifi, or ylbiilhr^, wlv) was (jovcrnour revolted, and fubduing the Kingdom of /uvw- ie?i, Ihrd himfelf Er.iperour of Aj'rick nhointhi Y'ear i;io. From that time the Kingdom d;- Icended in the fame Line, tho' with many Ue- volutions, tilLl////(i' /-//Tftdeftroy'd all tliel'ov- ' at Family, except his brother Ji:k ir, who H^■c] and iir.ploriiu' the Allillanceof the famous Pirate B.irb.»ollt, that fall'e Infidel, infte.idof rcibiriii.> him, enthidird himfelf under the Protciliimol" iheO'ra/.'it S'^nio: AfiiUy yllhz. liad recourle to the Emnerourt"/j.o/f.f tlie 5th, who reOor'd liim- yet he held it not King, being defeated, and his Eyes put out by Iiisown Son •, and not loi^ alter A/iiilj Hih, or (Jihi.ili, anotlier famous Pirate con(iuer"d tlie Kingdom agliii for tlie Turks' who kept it till llui >^«of^/.vy/W,/ drove them thence in 157c, but in 1574 it fell ugiiu uito the Hands ot the Infidels, and lus fo continued ever lliice. The Province of Goletta Adjoins to the Lake of the {iime Name ; it is fiippoled to be the lllaiid 6' (/.///;.(, or (i.ilnh.i o( I'toleiiiy^uY theO'W'jwof Pliny -^ but others fay th.e Fort w.is fo call'd from tlie Jt.ili.i.-i iiolen.i or little Neck, becauie it is feated on a rilin i (jrouiid at the Mouth of the Hay, or I ake. The At.ihoimtmis laid the Loundations, the Empc- rour Curies the ^th tiiiilli'd it, and the W'.rlcs lincc they were Mailers of it have added limie Out- works, and many other StruiUircs, to that it is now more like a Town than a fort. The other Towns here are Kcbd or N.thn, a fmall Place built by the Ronuvis, which PtMmy calls Wipoli,, and the Ji.ili.://s to this Day A'.i- P'jIiJc H.iibMi.i, feated on the Oce.ui, 3 Lca:;iies Eart of 7 /<«;'■. r,j«;,;;.ji r, near the Iviwrs of old Ciirtjj.i.r, waird, and populous. A,i.m.i , not far from T/.v.m, built by the </oW .', and lb call'd from their I lerctick Patriarch Wr/.'/r. ylnaie:., formerly a Rom.w Colony, rebuilt by the Kings of-/,7/;;.-. A/,iyJ.i iu A,, ibiik ligiiifying a Port, Hands wliere the ancient Port ol Cirthj^c was, where there is a curious Palace, and feveral Ilmi- fes of Pleafure to which the li.tlj.is go to divert theml'elves \ 8co Houfes, one Mofque and a Col- lege. Near tliis Imall Town ftcK)d the ancient rciiown'd City of C-<>-</j.((;c, whicli contended with Rome fir the Empire of tlie World, and after three blo<jdy Wars, fell under tlie for- tune of that riling City, and was redia'd to Allies. Here is Hill to be feen an Aciueduct which carry 'd Water to all parts of the Cit\i this is Handing, all the relt are a heap of Kmns. The Air of this Country is reckon'd wlioleliinie, being cool d by the Sea, and the Land fur the moil part producing excellent Iruit, Corn, and Sugar. The Province of Byferta. Bxferta atprefentis but a finall N'illagf, near the Afeditcrra-iiCDi, which luuie will have to be Vtu.i -, but Altriiiol and o'hers r.ither Inppoie VticA llood where now is Poi to l.irDta, or f;'.;/ S j^RBjfKr. 185 rl MJii, A'i the Btrtbcrcs call it, and the T«r(-.t fii, :!■:'!, i'i;',tiifvinft the Son <if tiii: I akc, beciuifo tlic SiM coipiiii', ill till re, forms a Hav._ Tins X(,\\ii coiiiains 6000 HouTl's, z lari',e l^rifoiis, a \Utt4;''i"^'i •""■' twoTowtTs tluit dclaicl tlic Har- bour, imd luis ci;;l)t Villaj^i's abniit it. Tlio'tliis Ur'.le I'li'Viiici.- Uesaloii;; iIk' (-'oaft, it lias iu> w.iMtof 111 In Water, and alMiiidaiiti: ofcxrelljiit Villi is taken iu the 1 ake or Ha\ •, y^'t the Land i,ields little, nut that it is harnii, biubecaiile jH is delliDy'd b\ the Ai-^bs. The Men here are ill Apparell'd , as ( tily \vra;i;iin;i thein- I'vlvcs up m a pieie of toiuie \\'o<j|len, with a hit of Linen about tiieir Neck-, Turlaitrs 011 ilieir Heads, and without Sliooes or Stockinj^s. Tiieir daintielV tare is ("akfs liak'd \vith Ei;i;s in them, wliuh tliev keen tl'e Year about. The wmiron Ibrt lie upi-n Sheep^kms i ilie better lort Ivive I'-ed; ir.ade fill aUn'i', tlie Wall, about lite lieii;lith of a Mm, to v.hicb thev i;o up witli ladders. Wiun they ^;i to War, tiiey wear liiperflitious Ciiarms about i!n:ir Kecks, whlcli ili.'y faiifie will llctire tlie:n atiaisUl Danger. Fif.s vk\ Olivfs, and has Rood I'aflnre land. The Inhabitantsof fhc Towns area uviktraduii;, I'eople. The Province of Mei-.cdia, or Africa. The Town the Europe ms (M ^-ifnci, fuppos'd to be tile ylpli>o/li/iiim uf PtoU/ny, i^ by tl;e Na- tives nam'd A/elicdia. I'eatcd on a Neck t)f Land, wafli'doiiboihlides by tlw Afcliiny.wcvi \ for- til\'d witli (;o(.d Walls, Ditilies and Towers next the Land, and by banlisof Sand to the Sea. The I'ort i> ipacions, but tlie entrance to it extremely narrow. The date on tlie Luid-fidc is very llronn, and witliout it an arch'd Way 70 Foot li.iii^, (o dark, that it is a Terror to all Strangers. Tlie Province of Cairoan rontanis the Town of the fame Name, and thofe of Tohulb.i and Asjachm^ Tlie fird of them is 7 Miles from the Sea and 20 from Tww, built by Ofv/t.;, General to Odmar^ Af.ihoinet's SuccefTor, in tlie Year 652, and defended with Brick Walls. He tiiere built a (lately Mofque, fupported by Giveri'.nients contain the Marble Statues, among which, two are of an in Tlie Provinces of LIrbs and Ccg'^ia. Thcfe two fma'.l Towns uiVrbs, lirjrj.i, ll.iin Z.iminin^ a id C.ij iv(, with lome Lirf;e Plains. 1Jrb> was a Rumm CoUmy, call'd T//' >/W/x, about ;c Leagues South of 'fiiHii^ where tliere are ItiU Remains of Aiiti- (jiiity, as Marble Statues, and Lmiu Infcripti- 011s. liefieut is anotlier Ruin.m Foundation, ten Leagues from Tn/jis, and but tlirec from the Sea, molt of tiie Walls yet llanding. C.iski , a A'o- KM-'i Colony alio, i^ now Defart. H.ii/i Zammi'i was built by the Kings of Tuiils^ fcven Miles from Ji'ti'ii't. All tiic Plains about tlieni abound iti Cirn. The Inhabitants of Z^'ibs are rude, be- ing all Peai'ants -, thofe of iiig^i.i&rc more polite. The Province of Sufa, or Soufa. The Towns here are, firft Sufi, formerly con- fidcnble and tlioui'Jit to be Adrmnetum, now inucii decav'd, but has a Port, wiiere tiic Pi- rates of liiiiti ride at Aiulwr. 3. H.imma/neth, or A/.iho//:(t.:, built by tlie At.ihoh-.et.iiis, on the Coail, 17 .Viilesfioai Turns. ■,. Aloiuftcrio, ;\.Ro- m.m Colony, lo called from a Monaftery of Augujliiii.ms whitli was near it, his higli and llroiig Walls. The Country produces Barley, ftiinable\'alue, beingof a bright fparkling Red, full of curious white Spots, lilie Porphyry. All the Country about it is a fandy barren Defart, without any Water , fo tliat all the Provifions arc brougiit by Sea, from other Maritime Towns. Te- biilb.i and Aijadms Iiave nothing remarkable. In the Territory of thefc two laft, there are abun- danceof Olive and otherTrees. That which makes Cilio.m famous is, its being tlie Seat of A{uhomet\ \'icar \ for wliich lleafon all Arabs think it fo Ho- ly, tiiat thof;' who are bury'd in it can not be Damii'd, aspatfakingof the Prayers of that\'i- car and his Prielts ;. and Great Men, to (hew their RcfpecT, take off tl;eir Stockins when they enter the Place. They alfo liuild feveral Chapels there and appoint them Revenues, for which they ex- 'left to go ftraight to Heaven. • : Miles from Aiafcurez., m this Kingdom, is it., llland of Tiibirca, about 500 Paces from the Continent, poflefs'd by I'lench Merchants, who have built a Fnt on it, and keep a Garrilbn of 200 Men to 'ecure tiieir Trade and the Coral Filliery. Oppofite to Taharc.i is another Ifland, call'd Galata, m which there is nothing remark- able. )■.'■ ir p 'Vil iM ti.»'f 1 ,^m'^ CHAP. VII. Of the Kingdom of TRIPOLI, whereof BARCA is a Dependance T and from xht Medltmanean on the North, to the Country of the Blacks on the South. Leaving all "the Pro- H I S Kin2,dom, fo nain'd from its Capital, is now govern'd by a BiiQay andcompre- v..ouruivoi luc ^ll.ll^» on mt joum. i-nvmi hendsthe Provinces of Tripoli, properly otiier Particulars to be fpokcnof under the I l.itii, Aftfrata, or Cyrenaica vinccs , the Towns of Note in each of them ... I-...* .11 in 1.. 1*.". n.......... •i..,r. fu-aird, iff;i/',.i.'aT//.i..., ...-,.„._, _ , siid^.'x.', befuies foiiie fmall Iflands. Its Extent thefe. hl\ and U'elt is from the Ifland Zerbi to Egypt, are Odd z "fripoli iS^- "B A R'B A RT. . Tripoli properly fo caied. ..Old and New Tripoli. L Gibez.. ) Af:ichres. k Elhamma. f Z.iorii. ^Cifirnacar. RM-Axiirra. EITab. Mcccliata. fR*i-Axiirr \ltffuttt. </ijJjmi]M. Jl^pidj. ^Brjla. t Mcrellitta. JUnl. ICtdic. ^ IjiJrMt.l. file Province of TRIPOLI, properly fo calltl, On the Wcfl is parted from the Kinftdoin of Twih, bv the Riviv Cripcs \ Eallward it borders on Meceltita •, on tlic North it h.is the Mciiitcrr.i- Venn and otitheS<nith Mount f/./n.^w. The City Tripoli, which giveb ics Name to the Kingdom, is fiirall'd from thofe p.reat Rocks, U- inu at the Mouth of its Harbour , level witli the Water, and was firft Subject to the Rom.ins, then to the kmsfi of Aforocco, of Fet, and t)f Tmiu ■, then th: (iemtles made themlelves Maftersof it, and were cxpell'd by the Spimim-ds. B.irbaruffi tfx>k It next , and after him the Kmperor Charlis the ^th, who jave it to the Knights of Af.iltn, who kept it till iSSi, when Siwtm and /Jr.v«f,the T/c - #///; Admirals, ftain'd it from them •, fince which Time it has l^en a fort of Commonwealth like Tunis and Alc,iir , under the Proteftion of the 'Vnrk. The old City was deftroy'd by Omar the Second Af^omttan Caliph, and is now little inlia- bitcd. The New one call'd Tripoli in B.iyb.try, to Hiibns^uilh it from the other in Syria, is feated not f.ir kon\ the 01d,on a Sandy Ground, is not lari^e, but wry populous, enclos'd with R<M)d Wall-, Titwcrsand Ramparts, without a Ditch, and only two ( ! ites ■, one on the Soutli towards the land, and the other towards tlie North, ix-xt tlie Se.i. It hasnnCitadt'l,but on)y two forts on the North and South tides before the I^>rt, which is fpac ious and good. The Chriftian Slaves being but few, iiere is only one PriOm to keep tliem in. Cilirz.,(:.ip<-,ov C.ipci, the Tac.ipc of the Ancions. (lundsoua Bay of the lame Name, is wall'd anci defended by a Fort. Af.icbres or M.ihar.t is an open Town at the Mouth of Ctpe^ Bay, but has a CitatUl. iJhiiinii:.! was built by the Romnns, 3 Miks from Cabe^, wall'd and lias (lill f.atirt In- )i riptions on tlie Gates. Zjor.!, thou^lit to be I lie Port of Pifidnn, Jewry ancient. There is another I'lacc on the lame Coall, call'd C.if.ir nadir, thoiif^lit tn be tile former Oiil'tis. Tv.'o noted Sands render the Accefs to Tripoli difficult, tlie one oppofite to the Province of Fyd', the other about the llland Qucr/imnfs. The Rivers C.ijirv.rra-, R:tl',il/ntibes, and Mirro, once call'd C(«<^f '/jetieiiding from Mount yiri.is, run through this Province to the Sea. Near lUh.-.mm.t is .111 ovti'llive !:ot Spring, convey'd to th--Town by an Aqiii'diict. Some of tlie liifiabit.iiits dniik of it, ^vilcn It has flood a Day, but it i> veiv Sa'.plm- reoiij. Ntarthe Spring is a Poo!, rall'd, tlic If •»i') LAe, beciufe it Cures that Dilhmpev. ' Alcudia. '/..luarn. Zadra. Mezr.ta, or Cy- J ^.„,^„^_ renaua. ^,^^,^_ Boti-Andred, I'olomete. X'Troiara. fTrahhiho. IImco. AUjulomar. Barca, «r Marmarica. < Stlonrj. IAlberion. Liigurt. \^R:irca. Corn is always dear at TWpo//, by rearm of the Rirrcnnefsof theSoil, which yields nothing but Dates. The Inhabitants of that City are Mr- chants and Weavers ^ thole of C.ibcz. poor Filher- men and Husbandmeu',thofeof £/y;.t/MWj live upon Rapine. 1 he fl.»/7.<'s Revenue amounts to iBcocd Ducats a Year. The Pirates here do mucli harm. Get)gfaphers conteft whetlicr the Illaiid Ctrbti, or Zerhi, once call'd by tlie Arabs Gcz.ir.i, now Alf.etbcns, and by the Sp.ini.irds delves, be the Uir- ba, or t!ic F,i]imwiu, or tlie Zfr.i, or the (ilMcen of the Ancients. It lies at the Mouth <f Cipc Cibiz., is 4. Miles about, and has only fome lin.iH N'illages on it, and is it) barren that all the Na- tives fnduftry will Icarce make it bear anv Corn. On the Coalt next to it grow ahuiid.iiice of I.otc Trees, riie Fruit whereof is fo pleafant wlieii v\^i, that xhi Creeks faid, it made Strangers tli.u eatol it forget their Connlries^ whence the liilubitaiits of this llland were call'd Lotoplui^itx. The Province of F.fTib Co'.iunciices on th^- WelHiev<Mid i]w Moinitr's Chinii ,uid Be>iis,u.t'id^x\\{\ is termin.iiai b\ ;i \\<. ver tli.it parts it from /l'/<'i>./(.(. We h.uv notinn;; rciiiark«lile to add coiicernnig tlie Fi'vus it con tains, ineiitioii'd in I'li: foiegouig Fall'.,'. .M.nint (j'arioii, reikon'd in this Country is eMraorclin.iv higli and C<ild,llanding North froiri Moant Ail.i^, 4 NlilesSouthof '7W/)tf//, and p.irted from tliofeot heiiitcj'ren and Ncfafus by fuudry Delarts, yet contains i?o Villages. BeiiigH.vid\m Brandi of Mount Atlas, a Miles from Tripoli, and lias 1^0 Villages. All tiiis Country produces very Httle Corn, but plenty of Dates, Olives and Safl'ran, whicli ii Sold Atdr'tiul dairo, a tliird dearer tli.ui anyotlKr lore. "Wk lUrcbcres inhabiting M niiit (iarioti are Cowards, and fulTer t\K Arabs to iiv.ni- pie on them ; hut shofe of Baiigu arid defend liu'm- feUcs iiKinfully againfl tliofe Robbers. Tlie I'rovince of Mccellata. Was by the Ancients call'd Syncs, ;nid by the prefcnt Arabs, Cfirat cl Qntvir, lying along t!;: Mcditcrr :iiran . S M.les from /ivp ■/( Faftwart!- The Cipit.-l of th? lame Name, was bv PtvUpn nam'd Afac ■man or dalnviatiila. The other P: ' ces arc iiuoiilulerabk'. The I and pr'^iices iVu'i'tv of Dates aiid Olives, and the Inhahita'its wh>' Ca! raife Oooo Men, are under the Conduit of a C'oin- inauder, to defend themlelves fioii, ti.e Arab:, but Subiev't to liir fnrk. The 7} AKBARl. 185 The Province of Mozr.ita, or Cyrenaica. /T/4rwo/ fuppufes this to be the aticicut Cpc viica, or Pentiipoli', wlmh was a Part of J.ihyj. It Ijorders VVeftw.ird <y\\ McceUat.t^ Eaflwarcl on H.nci, Nortl'.ward 011 the Aftditonwcm ^ and viiithward <>M Libya. I'entapalts was but apart ■if that Province, (b call'd from the fivp Fuwiis, ('v>'f"fi Btrtmci^ or Heiperid, Apolionia, rioleiiiMi SiwA Arfinotfttr Itmhi) a; now Coreno, /ieibii, or Jicrnic, Bon-j4ndica,''i'vtonicluMM\Truciir.t. Nci thcr thefe, nor the othi'v lowns arc worth the Readers liif »rinauoii. The Pirates licre ravage llie CoalU, and the Arabs the Inland ^ \et the People of/l-Zftnif. J are Brave and indilFirciit weal- thy, by their trading with y;«ropf<«/ Commodities into the Country of the i^Iatb, wJKiue, m Kx- chanftc, they brint; Slaves, Civet and Musk, which yielcl themftood I'lofit w iitrky. The Province, or Defart of IJarta or M irmorica. Tins Name of /?.««•,/, feeins t'> be of ^reat An- tifjuity, for f(>>?(V here places the /kmi.w/, and I'tuUmy the B.irctcs^ and old Auiliois placing tlieCity Birctt in C\,nia,ca, does not contradtd; tins Notion, beiaiile that Provnice extended nito / ''l/",aiid confcquently inckidcd Af.ir/mirun. Cie- nerally all that Country u call'd Jianu, and the yli-il'i name it Sohiin, or Ceynit H^rca, tlie Delurr, or the Storiny Way ^ lor ni (hort, it ii> Itarce any thnif. elfe biit a vaft Delart , reachin.', from the Provnue of Meuiit.i and Cape Raxaltm to the ('onlir.cs ')f/llex/tndn\t, 164 Miles ni Lenctli from Ka(t to U ell, and }0 in Breadth from North to South, \-„f Towns here they are inconfiderable and defer ve no Delicription. Almoll all the Land IS ("and V, (Kiorand waftc,\vith very little Water^ (o that only fome fmall Spots near to \ illages yielcl a little Corn and fome Dates, of which little they Exchange fome with their Neiglibours for Sheep and Camels, having no Foraae to breed them. This extreme Poverty obliges tne Parents often to (l 'id their Children iu to i'/n/y to Bet their living,. llK' Men are generally lean and ill look'd, and VV ant makes them rob on the High- Ways, which obliges the Caravans to take a great Compafs tc avoid them. When they take any Traveller, they make him drink warm Milk, then Ihake him, with Ills Head down , to fee if lie has fwallow d any Ould. CHAP. VIII. The Hiftorical Account of B A R B A R Y. TI I F, Hillory of the fcveral Kingdoms men- tion'd is To interwoven, that we have thought fit rather to give a (hort Abftraft of it entire, than dirincmber'cl under every Part. The moll rcceiv'd Opinion is, That Cfca/w, the Son o(No.ih firft peopled F.^)ft, and his Race the rell of Aftitk, hut particularly his Son Phut firll be- gun ro inhab't the Eaftern Parts of Barbary, as is t'eftify'd bv Jofrphiii and S. I'come^ who both tell us t!ie Country was from him call'd Phut , and Ftolony alio names the River VImt, or Phthmh in the fame Region. Hence they fpread theinfelves farther , and »t len^'th ..11 over that Part of the World. However tliere is no doubt , bur that they afterwards receiv'd frelli Colonies by Sea out of Phwuiii/i, of the Race o(Ouiat>i, for even in S. Ai'i'iJU'i's Days, as he informs us, tlie Country People tnere call'd theinfelves CM/:iMiiic: Belkles Pioiopim affirms. That there were Marble Pillars near Inm^ier , with this Infcription, IVe Jiyfrori the F.ue of the Robber jolliiiah, »j';e/"'"'/Nun. This, beingof the fame kxtraftion, might move l>/ia to Hy to thisCoaft from her Brother PyK'n.ilIu!, and tliere build the Fortrolsof Pyrji, afterw'ards the mighty City of Ciit-.ac. Some will iuive tiiis Place to have been founded long hcK-.re, and only the Callle added by her', however it was, lor weliave not room to en- ter upon that Controvcrly , the'.'e C.in.i.witei be- ing a more I'olituk and VVarlike People than the rude W/i;c.i//f, iiu!.! hiruigtlie Nii//jiiU:w Mtt] Af.iu- niMiiiii Sokli.rs iubdu'd their Neighbours lirll, and bv decree- exteided their CiJiuiuells from the I- loiuievs "!.',,(;•.;!', to theMouthot theS//-i/i;;;fj- .ilo'.-ig cl'.eiih.'rc. .-'.iiilniion knowing no Bounds, the (./)■.'■; ig:h:.i>!! piils'd over into Sp.iin and Sicily, tnakiiiti theimelvcs M. liters of the greatell part of bothj till t'le Koiii.ius, v^ing with them for Em- pirc,engag'd in the Quarrel,and after three bloody Wars, t!ie fecond ot which had almoll brought RvfueU) Dellruftion, took C«H/;.<^r and burnt it down to the Ground. The ^o;m<w' having thus fubvcrted Cirthage^And brought all its Dominioiis under their Suhjertion, relied not there, but extended their Command on all Sides, reducing Nitmidi.t and its Kini" Jiigiir- tlhi , whole Progenitors had long reign 'cl there, and afterwards juba , Kwf,of Aii'iiritania , who had efpous'd Pomney'i Party againfl Cx)m-. Thus all this Coaft ut AfrUk, even to the AtLtmick Ocean, and all up the Inland as far as the Defarts, became a Part of that mighty Empire, and was divided into the I'rovinces already mention'd in the proper place. So it continu'd under fevera! Emperors, till Chriftianity Honrilliing, this Coun- try became as llluftriousas any other for learn- ing and Piety, .as appears by tlie many Ornaments the Church then receiv'd from it, as particularly the great S. Ait^nfiiti, TotnlUjn, S. Cyprian, julms Ajiicimits, Arnobiits, Lai t ami lis, l^ittoroms Afcr^ Optatiis Alilivitamis , Victor Vticcnfu^ t'lilgoitmsj Primafiits, and many others. This was the Hourilbing Condition of Africk^ or Barbary, when the Faiidah, a barbarous Nor ■ thcrn Nation, having forc'd their Way through hamc, enter'd Sp.iiu, with the Survuws .i;id Alauj^ and being after 18 Vears I'olfellioii of the Sou them Coaft of 5fir»,caird AndaliiLia, hard prefs'd by the 6'o;/j; , upon the Ifivitation oi iiomfaciMt the Emperour's Lieutenant in Ajnck, they pafs'd over thither about the Year of Cljnft 4:7, under their King CTf/z/t r/t/u, and fubdu'd the greater Part of what the Romans iiad there polfcls^l. Thefe l^diid.ils were then Arians, and I'pread their He- rely as wide as ilieir Command, driving ihencc all the OnliodosrChrilliauf, and holding the So- vcreignf.' 1^*^^ !S U 'Vltl iS($ "B AKB Ali X A k' vei-fi^jntv of ,\1! tli.it Tiaft <if I and, under fivi-n KiMi;s ruccfdivflv , nil tkc Yciir 5H1 when the ri'iiowned llelijiiim, iltc I".iniHiiiur yHfiiniiin\{.K- iKTiU, iivcrtlircw (Ulinttr the !all Kinn, and au;>in biijiinlit all thar Hi'c.ion iindir tlie Rmnau Fm- pirc, JitfiiulM tlitii iti.kIl' it a I'rcfii^tnrc "f it tilt', wIii.Tfns bcfori' it liad bo'ii tiihji'ft to the I'lxjeciiii Prxtorio of Italy . and tilis form ot ("loveruintnt lafled, till 111 the Year 647, Oihuum tlic ^d Calipli oftlic Sintmis, lent //.nhi, liis (ieiicral, with ami.'juv Army J wh" \vrcl>cd all that inij'jitv l)iiinnii..ii friim tlie Rnm.m I'.mpirc, and from tliat Tmu' it remain'd a I'rovinreiif the M.iboi/ici.m yliibs. 1 lie C.dipix^ iSK Mir:untiiiil'in's held tli.- S<)veieij;ntv here till the Year 800, when / /.iniiii K.ijihi.l, loit thitlicr Acliib Ibr.ibim, as (uiveinoiir, Init lie eie- fK'd Iiinilllf ii Mouardiy , in tlie I'riwiiice pni' perlv rall'd Jf/ick, and I'arts adjaa-nt, which lie left to hi« I'oftcritv and they held ii, hv the ii;une of ^kl-d'!tt! till 900, their Rule extcnduui from f-'i.')/!/ to Timif. Ah'uit tlie I'aire Time witli W.///', ahnvi'itien- tion'J, tlie Fiit.fitrt, delrended thim I rhis, i>t the Race of y^//, /1///r'/7.f/'8Son in 1 aw, erci'K'd tlic!Plclvcb another Monarth'^ ,in tlkW ilUrn parts of />/!•/' ')j, containing all Af.tiirit.u.i i.\\n\ Nmiii- (tiii, whereth.it Pamilv rul'd f>r the I'pare of 100 Ye.irs, keeping their Court at /ii, T.iiigtcr, and Cent. I, W'lien the aforcT.iid twi) Races Iiad tluis divided />./-/»..Ti amciu; them, tor above an hundred Years, One yllh'it Afi'l'.i/,:wciiOici<lillih, lonk'd upon as a iVopher, and prctcndini^ to defccnd \\>y.r\ F.itbe- w;.>/i,,'1/.//ji;»cr'sl)aui;hter, haviiii; thus drawn the Multitude to his Side-, firft expell'd the y/i;/.<<>/r« tlie Province of ^Ipii 1, and loon after the EJrif fttt! out of all tlk'ir IXiininlons, takiiiii the Title of Akhedi , fi^nifviiij; Diredior of the Faitliful, and left all thofe Countries to his Siiccefliirs, who conqner'd f I'v/if, and beinj^ thus pofTel's'd of all that lies between the A'fi^ .SV.j and Atiimtuk Ocean, flil'd tlicmlelvis Caliplis. Of thefe there were \a, wild reij.ii'd till the Year 1165, .uid were call'd f.itho/.ites. AdI'cd, the lafl of thefe, heinj^ hard prefs'd by the Chriliians, ciav'd Aid of Nom-ed/iin, Sultan of lli/,dut^ wIk) feiit S.tladin witli a mighty Annv, and he Iiavint; (Jebver'd the Country from the F)imcs, took I'oni-Aion of it for his own Prince, after whole Death he alTiim'd the Sovereiantv, and became one of the moll formidable of tliole Al.i- homit.^n Sovereii.\ns. However SMdiii extended not his Kingdom far mUi Atrick^ t'or before his Rife the yUmoruvides, vvho at lirlt only pretended to Religion, beiiij; by tlieir H\pocrily grown formidable, had began to acqmie Uominioii, and about the Year 1076, when Jvlcplj lienT.iiJejin, one of that Race extended Iiis CoiKpierts to the Ocean and AU'ditnTtttic.in, and built tlie City of Morocco \, after which paflint; over into Sp^iDi-, he liibda'd all the Aloors there. Yet theSuccellion continu'd in his Pollefity only fill the Year ii?6, when At.ibomet Abd,ilmonmtn another canting I'ropiiet, having deluded the Mul- titude, overthrew and evp.-ll'd th;^ Uacj ofi' A'lHDidvuki , and r.iisV.I liis ovvn Fitmily to t!i-. Thid'u-, which poJIelVd it f^lltheYe\r \i</, Ihjii Kuc.tr AbfiiAfi ut lindinf; thit reii'.niiiii I- I'tnK uuuli weakiifd, I)y tlie lot's of a mijjhti; H.iitel ill .V.'/>/, revolted, and bcarini'', down a',1 that opposVt him, fettled tlie Seat of his Kinpire.ii /'ft, appi.nitin;; a Vicer.w to i^overn at /l/oiJti*. llis Siurelliiis enj.iy J tlie Sovereii;iitv of tin; greater I'ait of ////«•<•, by the Name of Mcnur:. Albo.'ifcn ifie Sth ot ilum, hcinf, routed with .1 I'.reat Slamijiter in >'/'«/", in the \ ear 1 540, wa^, at his return iiiti) /f/'-.d, depos'd bvhisownSvn Albf>,"u/i, who fujvjv'd not loiij^ a Crown (L) un- diitilulU wrelled from his futlier, the F.alleni I'artsof /,'.(W'.(/> revolting from him, ,>nd the /V- tii,\iicjcs takiii'.iTiany places in the Well. Tliiis the Monarchy hem;; weakned on all Sides went on in a declining; Condition, till about the Yeari5.'8, uiie A/.il.'ura lln/ //ii/;;((,a frelli Hypocrite, pre- tending to be delcendL-d iromAf.ihomct, I'eiit his Sons in I'lU^ninaiie to A/cici, which f',ai"'d ihein fiiih uii^^Iuy Reputation, that A/.ibo/>ici, ihcn Kni;', ol /ri, made H imtt the Flder, Ciovernour of the College.it Am.idorMb^mA A/.ibometthe Youiu',er, Tutor to his Children. Not long after, thefe two obtaiii'd the Command of an Army aiiainft tlie Porttijiiicfcs ^ whom they routed and took many Places (torn them. Next tliey fubdu'd tlie i'ro- vincesof Dncal.i, .W::, and Hra, then took Afo- jcKo, and A/.(;;.f/ afTuurd tlie Title of King of it, as Aiiibomit did of &<*i. The King of Fci. now dying, Hornet refus'd to Acknowledge his Suc- celTor, and was liimfelftxm after vanquilliM and expeird his Kingdom by his own younger Brother AUhomct. lie after this Succefs overthrew the King of i'f c , and left all tlvife Dominion. t>) hii l-'ollerity, wliofiiU reign t!i Hut it umil be obllrv'd that thofe 11 "aims, t!i.>' j;,reat in their- fclvcs, are only a fiiiall Part of what theCaliplia there poileisV!. We have alieady feeii how Aigicr fjparated it felf from the Domiiiii 1 '^t iho.e mi;;'itv Princes, and of an inconfiUerab'u' I imh ot their Ivnpire, is become a Potuit State, '..ibliliiugpiiiuip.illy upon I'lracy •, yet I ib) tt ti> the Furk, or whom ithas .Hiiablokite liepeKlaiue , laving lliat, it has i!ie Power ot Peace and War, the 1 < nn of ("lovern- ineiit being Republican \, but the lurkijli iiad'a re- fuling there , railes a very great Revenue, and lias no linall share in the Government. Tmiif and TripoL have follow 'd the fame Example, being hotli a Sort of Commonwealths, with the fame Subor- dination to the O'riind Seig,nior. So that it appears, all this vail Trail of Liiid call'd Btirb.-iiy, is now divided between that Sultan and the Einperour of Fez. and A/orocco, excepting only thole few Towns the Sp.iriiards and the Portiiji^urfes ftill keep along the C^iall. The latter have now notliing left but Afi^Lii^an upon the AtLimick Ocean \ the lormer flill hold ALu/ilijjiivir-y AMilla and Pc.non withm the AhditerrancMi ., and Cciita upon tlie Moiivli of the StrcigbtSy and thus mudi may fuf- fue for Harkar): CHAP 187 CHAP. IX. Of EGYPT. THIS is the Fruitfiillert, the Richcft, the mod odpHtoiis and nublcll Kingdom in Atrnk. It \vc may ^ivc a\\\ Credit to amicnt llifti)rian?.,here wire reckon d in the da', s ui Amafis, who rci(;n'd about the lime ot" AV/'w- ffc.i«/«*«.o/c 20000 Towns bnt the exreliive Num- ber f^ives ih U.ealon to believe, th.it the ftrc.uer i'art muft have been i'mall \ i!lai;es ^ however of later Times here are laid to have been 2000 wali'd Towns. The Ancients call'd this Country, the (;ranaryol" tlie World, and it is certain that tlie Plenty or Scarcity of tfie Roiiian Empire depend- ed on tlie good or bad Harvell ot t.f!.ypt \ and bcinjitliui conridirable in all Kcfpefts it will de- ftrve a m(>re ample Defcription than any other Part of Africk. As l^> the Name of /'o'/'^ Str/iho and Diodorm Sicitliu will have it to be l<) call tl from ^y'tlcyptii', the Brotlier of D.m.ius^ wlu> reij^n'd thtie 68 Years •, yet oihevs derive it from Ai,nuphtii!y fig- tiifyinj; tlie Land of CV./'^■/; , which was once its Capital C;ity. This is the Uft Name, which has prevail'd, for it had I'evcral others before. Berojiis rails it Ore"; .' i Xcnophon^ Oj:,\giii -^ Hcrodotiit, Piit.imiies-, l.uti.ui Afeliihbtilos\ Hunicr Hcjtfti,i\ the llolv Scripture Alifr.iin:, fromCV;,»/«'sGrand- (1)11 of that Name •, the Ar.ibs Mc:.r,f^ the Chit- tk.vis A/cjr.iy :, tlw Syiiins Aiijri-^ the Lihicipiiins (,',ib.i~.i; ihcTitik) I Uibtts-^ i\nA the ancient i- fypli.ws tlieiiiielves C!j.iii:i.i, hv\(\Ch.i/n tlic Son of ix'tuil), who firll I'eopled it ■, and the Chrillians of this Country i\ill retain the Name of t'opf*V, which may very well be a corruption of Epfipihcs, inlicad of Lc,y;'ii'i>'), the Chrillians being the true ancient Natives:, whereas all the AfalionutMs, now the prevailing; Party, are a Mixture o{A>ab}, The Lower I'gypt. l he Middle /,};f, Ctiiifin!. Alcwimhia. Rojitto. ^ Damitttit, It'llOil. Aliifiiclla, {. Al.:i:joiira. { (ir.md C.iiro. Sho.. FlHi/t, Turks, Tdrtarjf and fcveral other Eaftern Na- tions. Not toclitcr upon the various Bounds airij;n'd to it by ancient Authors, which is only perplex- ing the Reader , thole allii;n'd to it by Mixlcru OeoKr.iphers and the moil tobcrely'd on are, on the Kail the Red Sea and IUhmiis of Shci. \ on the North the Afcditirrnne.w, on the Well Bar- I'-iry, or the Kingdom of Tripoli and the Defart of /y..rf ./, and on the South Niibi.i and f Ethiopia Sh- piii'jr, or Abyfinia-^ the whole lyin^ between 48 and %\ Degrees of Longitude •, and from 25 to 3 1 of^ Latitude, being about 600 Miles from North to South, and 400 from Eaft toWei't, taken both ways m its grcatelt Extent. It is every where encompafb'd with (iiiidy Defaits, except on the North Side next the Artdiinr.me.w ^ for on the Well and South it has tliole of B.irct, Niihi.i and l.thiopi.i, and on the Eaft thofe of Thebaid.i, for- merly lo famous fcr the Multitude of Anchorites, who retir'd to live an Angelical Life, devoting themfelves entirely to Contemplation. rtoUmy dividesf^v^if into4jbiftrifts orOovcni- mtwts^Hnodonu into 28-,and loineAuthors increafc that Number to 44-, but the moll probable is,that there were iso, becaull: in the famous Labyrinth, or Myfterious Temple of tliat Kingdom, which was an Emblem of it. there were ?o large Rooms, or Apartments •, lo tne Upper, Middle and Lower I i:)Dt had each of them ten , wliicii Di- ifion was made by the ancient King Stjojlrn ^ but after- wards altei'd by other Sovereigns, and therefore it will not need to have more laid of it. The Modern is divided iienerally into three Parts, as let down with their Principal Towns in the following Table. ' Benifu.uf. Ad'.tnta. El Fiunh Aznth. IchiiiM. Alitiiju. Thebes. ^Apu. The Lower Egypt, Or Ippt properly lo call'd , fometimcs nam'd l^dt.i, becauie the bdl: Part of it form'd that (.'■nik letter, being lliut in by two Kranches of the A'.iV and ihe.(lyf«Vf(r>-.7,vr.w, which thcTnrks at prerciii call Hn^'. This Pro inre to the Weft- waid Borders on the Delarts of li:in.i, on the Niirth ihcA/(ii,tey>ti!!c.i<i waliies it, on the Eaft it has tlie lll!i:nusof .s'.7fi, and on the South, the Middle 1 ::\pi. This Prov!:ice is again Subdivided into 5 petty (^lovcrnmtnt:., call'd i^eyb'n, or C.ijfilijs, winch are Alirjanr.i , iiuvbi.i , Alerii-jn, C.iHioidi'tcih and Monloii. wliich la(i, fome will not allow to be within the tnr,- Bounds uifgypt, but in the King- The Upper Egvpt. < dom 0^ Barciiy yet is here joyn'd with the Reft,_ as being under the fame Chief B.ilfa. The full of them lies Eaft of Delta And the Nile, next the Ifthmus of Site:., containing 197 Villages, and produces abundance of Sugar, Flax and other Growth. Oarbia is on the Eaft fide of the Nile, being the llland of Damietta , a Hat Country, without any Hills, all improvd, rich in Pafture, Sugar, Rice, Corn and Wine. Aicmiifi.i is the next to the Weftward of Ciiii/./^within the Delta, and contains but 103 \illages, tlio' larger in Ex- tent than the laft. Callionincili lies Weft again of Af.:>:juiiya, comprclieiidiHg 196 Villages. Bouijera ft ill to the Weftward, reaches from the NUe to Ca\>\: Bo>/ Atidic.i, being very large and compri- zing 360 Villages. Une half of ic is fohightliat the i<^l1 •ii m r'-.li, i,-. •'Ilii ■h r.*.; IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) v] <^ /a A '^. *%5»>;> % y /^ 1.0 If I iia 1^ 13,2 I.I IM 2.2 M 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 -4 6" — ► I Sciences Corporation 23 MEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 IS8 EGYPt. tlie Nile cannot overflow it, whidi is a great dii- iidvantaf^e to tlv Soil, yet it lias good Grazm*', ;iiid ahuiidaiice of Sheep. Here is ilie Defart of N. Af.ic.iriii.', Ill wliicli were 565 Hermit;',i;es or Moiiafteries. Several Cieo^rapliers have divided /.,(!)'/)? othcrwile, according to their lanries, but we liere follow tlie preCent Partition, acrordiiif.', to the Tiirki, wlio are iMaftersofit, liiiviiij.i fpo- kcn of tile Ancient in it^ Place. On the Wert ibnds the ancient Town of /"//>;• thine, now call'd, the Arabs Tower ^ and not far from it, on tlie Sea-Coaft is Jiochiri^ furmeiiv ^ii'- Jiris, now aliiioft ruin'd , and fupposd to be fo call'd from Ofnis, whuwathc Fiij'pii.iii Hercitles, thu' others derive it '''on tlieTvr.int y>V//ir// •, but in the Scripture it is nam'd Phainrcs. Leaving thefe Places of little Note, the firit remarkable City is Alcxiiuiri.t^ fo call'd from Altx.inder the (Ireat, who Iniilt ir 5C0 Years before CHRIST. It was once call'd A»j', and by the I/ebiews AV- oiito>i-, by the Roin.ms Ph.iros. Stl/.'Jh; Auc^hjJ.i^ Jii'li, CLmJi;!, Doiniti.i and Jlc.\.vuiri<!\, bv the Natives fornierly R.icctis ,, and bv the Ih ks -At prefent Siuiiuerick, or Sr,m.Ui-i:i, fur they change yilcxMuler into Sc:iiiilei: It is leated at the Mouth of the Nile, call'd the C.inupxiW, which there forms a Harbour, tho' none of the Sated, yc't much fre- (luejiteci. It is divided iiito,thc Old and the New, both of them being of a very creat Coinpafs. The Walls are faid to be the fame that Alcx.inrlcr built, adorn'd with many Towers and Beautiful without ■, yet vvitliiii it is ratlier u Heap of Ruins than a City, there being fcarcc any entircStreet. The dates are lour, thiTHoulesall Hat at top, and built upon Arch'd N'aults, which are fill'd with Water, when the A'l/f Overflows,and lervesthein all tlie Year, there beins; no other in the City. Tliere are three Hills rais'dof tlie ancient Ruins, where Medals and other Rariti-'s are often found. On the Sea-lbore are the Remains of C/Mpirr.^'s I'aUue. 200 Paces from the Town , on a Hill Taiids Pompcy'i Pillar, all of one Stone, and 125 Foot liigh, all entire to this Day, with its Capital. This City was once Cijual to the beft in the World, for noble Strnrtures, for Learnint;, for Religion, and for every Thing that could make it commend- able ^ of all which Perfedions, fcare the Shadow remains at this Time. Oppolite to Alex.mdria is the famous Iflaiid of Pharo', by the Natives call'd yihgr.if, and by the Ar^d's, Afac,.'r Alcx.r,idri, ox AUx.tmier's Light- Ho'jfc. On it Hood the renowned Tower of Ph.iri)!, fo .Magnificent, that it was reckon'd one of the Seven Wonders of the World, which lerv'd for a l.ight-lioufe to direft Ships 111 the Night. There is oiieoii the I Hand at this Time, but no- thing .Magnificent. There are n« Gardens about u-llcxMidrut^hv reafon of theSandinel's of the Soil, except fome few along the Nile, whole Fruit is not reckon'd whollom. In this City it was that Ptolcny Phil.idclphiii ercfted his Library, being thegreatcll in the World,ascoiitainingiiihis days 40C000 N'olumes, and increas'd by his SuccefTors to 7COOOC, all burnt in the Ro/ii.w Civil Wars. R:'jiito is about 50 Miles to tlie Eallward of Alix.iiidriit, on another Mouth of the Nile, the 'Turks and ypAhs call it R.ijibit, and tlie Fgyptians J\.!///i ; by lomc taken to be the Siljediani Sir.d'u, and by others the Metolti a'i Ptolemy. Tile Extent of It is not large, but the Inliabitants numerous, and the Buildings Stately, tlio" it is not wall'd. On the Banks of A7/c, are very Maiinifitent Pa- laces, and a (limptuous .MoAiuc. F.p.ftward^ftillon a Ray, wlmh fuims a llavci? (lands thf City D.nnictt.i, or the Pclnpiin of the Ancients, leated in a Plain, two leagues from the Sea, and between two Brandies of tlie" AV/c, whi Ji make it an Hland, and all the I and To fertile that ■ ic IS full of Calli.i, Limon-Trees, Vines e'-c. This City fell under the Thraldom of the Sjr.ucii's withthe'Reft of F.g\pt , and continu'd in theii- Hands t;!! the Year iai8, when it was wrelied from tliein by theChriftians •, who loft it again in 122. , the Infidels having let out the Waters about tliein, by which they were reduc'd to Kxtremity. Lewis the 9t!i, King on'rance, regain'd it, and" being taken Prifoner by the Sultan, was obljg'd again to reftore it for his Ranfom ; when it was deftroy'd by the S.irace/ts. It is now the Seat of an Archbilliop,under the Patriarcli o( Alexandria and a populous City reforted to by all Nations trading into thole Parts. Higher up the Country, but ftill within the Delta, isf..'«.7, formerly AV/c, very populous, but the Streets narro\v. Its Suburb is the Place of Diverliou for the handfom Women , who are all allow'd to fpend the Way there and go home, when they think fit at Niglit , v.ithout being blam'd by their Husbands. A Leacue from I'lma in the AV/e is the Hland (.ieurat .'.Udebeb, for- merly A'lacl.ws, or the Golden Illand, full of Nil- lages and (lately Palaces, fcarce to be I'eeii from without, by reafon of the Thicknefs of the Trees. Nearer towards Grand Cairo, is the Town of /l/c- ijjietla, ill Fortify 'd,- but very Populous. Man- foura is the Capital of the (jovernment of tlie r.ime Name, l^ing on the Eall Side of Ndc, but lias nothing remarkable, nor any other in it, and therefore wc will proceed to The Middle Egypt. Which on the Weft Borders on the Defarts of Barca, Nortiiward, on the Lower h'gvpt. South- ward on the Upper, /and Eaftward on the Red Sea. This Province was formerly call'd Hepta- r.oiHos, from the Seven A',-/;;/, or linall Prefeftures it contain'd, and at prefent liechria and Dencjor. Grand Cairo, generally fuppofed to be the an- cient Alcinpliis , and by fome taken for Babylon in l-'^ypt, is the Capital of this Kingdom, divided into the New and the Old. The Name o{ Cai- ro, A/armol{l\\js, comes from the ^>-.jfc/c;^,f/Cj/- bra, the AlT'einbly or Moiiallery ; and not only he, but Leo Africaiiiis and others agree, that it was built by O'egoar el Qncreb under the Caliphs, whence it will follow that Afemphis llood not in the fame place. The Name of Alempbis is de- riv'd from the Egyptian Word Aionphfa, figiii ty- ing the Water of the Lord, becaufeof the Nde; it was built according to Herodotm by Alcnes, the firll King of hf.ypi. Its titiiation is molt convenient, as being near the i^lace where the Nile divides it felt into feveral Branches. On the one fide it is fortil'y'd by Iiigh and ftrong Banks to defend it againlt the River as well as Enemies , and on the other by a mighty Lake, trll'd with the overflowing of the Nde. The old Town is on the Eall lide of the Ri- ver, being now no better than a poor \ illage, inhabited uy a few Cap:i Chriftians, and Arme- nians. Tlicre are ftill (evera; Churches, and a- mong them, thole- of ^'. Barbara, of 5. Juris, mA another rais'd on the Ruins of a little Houl'e ; where they lay our Saviour liv'd when he fled into EGYPT. 180 Into fivpt. Bi^fidc, this, iIkto arc three larr.e Suln'rlis to the City , i;i tiitli of nliicli ar^- icckDii'd z <ir vx^o l-Ioufes, and abiuiflaiice of Mol^iuos and I'aUicos, AboMt tin; Circumference of (.'.lira tlii.'1'e is miuli l)in'',i.Mice among Travel- lers, lorneallowinii it 22 Miles, otlicrs cxteiid- iiiij It to VJ- Toventv tins ^rcat Extent, tliey (,iy here are 24OCO Quarter'., or \\'ards, and iliewliole lUHiiberof i!:c Inl'.abitantsaimnmt!, to -ccccco, wliLreof lOcccoo are jn:-. in the Year 1618, 700CC0 I'erlons died liere of tlie Pla:',ue, andwlien tliat fconriie f\veeii> away but z (ir ;oocco, tb.ey are never inilb'd. The num- ber of Molijucs i-> 24OCO, but lime oi" them not above lO l-'oot fi|n.ire. The l]n,|iita!sare al- io very numerous, one of which ha>- a Revenue of iccoco Crowns, in winch all lorts of Per- fons W'batfoever are receiv'd, and carefully look'd to. The j^reat Streets arc iHcco, all of them Ibiit up with Gates every Nij.^ht , to pre- vent Diliirders. They are all iiairi)W, and Peo- ple ride about them 011 Ades. Tlie Citadel, which commands the Place, i- built on a Rock, round, and lo larjiie that it looks like a Town, vfiih abundance of Towr.s about the V\'alls. The be.iuiit'ul Rooms and Anartments are to- kens of the Ma^niiieence of inc Af u/Mhuk Sul- tans, w!io reifind in /.ij7'( bef)rethe Twkscon- quer'd it. The iJours and V'v iiidows are inlaid witii Mother of l-'earl, l'Ton\,, Chrvltal,aiid Co- ral, and the Interval:, between them curioully painted. 1 he Water from the A'. /c is coiivey'd to it by an Aqueduct on 35 Arches, from this City there let out every Year betw'eeu 15 and 4CCC0 Pil'j,rims for AUcc.i-, they are defended a;!.ainil: the W..;6j by a Guard ot 5C0 Men, and liiive witii them from 6 to 9000 Camels. The tirand Sigir.or allows every Year 6ccooo Duuits towards their iupport, which is near the fdiirth part of tlic Revenue of igypt. Some make iicl!Uiiii:"t Town of lUd.ik, hut tliey are jom'd by alor>4 Sueet, ai.fi .t is ti'creckonuig of this and other fnch outlets as .lU one City, wliich make Ciiro i'o 'arf^e as lias been here <lelcrib d. ' Scarce any Country is more fertile than the Territory of C/.w/ lor all loris ot Iruits and Plants. Betwixt a Canal and a little Lake at ;i j,(iod diltaiiee Irian Cioo, is the \ iila.i;e of M.i- t.i.c.:, thought to be theancieni: /y«v;;o/;tf</j, and by the conient of ail Authors, the Place where our saviour, the HlelPed \ ir^in, and .S'. Jojeplj rciioi-d in inpi. There is iliU an old \Vall, with a I'mall VV nidow in it, where the ChriGians Live an Altar, and la\, Mais. Near this \ illagc 1111(1 the Ruins of the ancient ihLopijlis (lands an tH\li>k in the midll of a lariie Bafon, witli ma- in laero;!,l^^'!)icks cut on it, but by whom e- v^cted does not appeir. About 250 P.ices from AJ.U:irc:i are the af. rclaid Kuin>ol Htl'Opdis^fo ciild Iroui a I'^kiiig Glals k.i pKu'd intheTem- p!e of the .Sun, that \v rec^iv'd and reHeded its liv.(iii^ali ihe IJay. This Place is now entirely Juiiolilii'd, lo that there are now' only lome re- ui.iiiii ot .''iiitH|ini\ . The io iiiiieli adiinr'il Pyramids of i't-vpf Ilaiid- iiifi but 4 Miks \\ ell from Cure, iliis will be no improper 11. ue to Ip.'ak (-1 tliem, and wliat we cm ia\ II all be "Ut ot UrdiLcs, wlio has Avnt thele, heay,ree5 with M'ifl^/tf?;/.f zm\ Diodonti t;; have been built by Cheoin^ or Chtiiinis, who be- gun his Reign about 1266 Years before CHRIST; the fccond by Ccpbrcii, or Chcibry'n^ Succeliiir to Coerps \, and the third by AfycaiMts, wlio reiti,n'd ne\t to Ctjhreri. And the end of buildnif; them lie fuppos'd to be for SepuUhres. Tiie firll of them, he lays as an F.\,e-'.'v'itiiers, is feated on the top of a Kjckv Hill, which rile., an iiundred Foot above the pKiiii level of T--^\pt. Each lu!e is 69? Veet in lengtli, and tlie perpendicular lleiy.lith 499 Veet. Then compuiini', the Area of the Hails by our Meafure he finds it to con- tain 4S02J9 f'lu.ire l-'ect, or eleven Englijb Acres of Ground, and 1089 of 43560 parts of an Acre. The afcent to the top of it, is by Degrees each four Foot in heiL^hth, and retiring inw:ird near three Feet, and thus running about the l'yr;i- mid, the top ends not in a I'oint, but a f.,;t Square 13 leetand 2S0 of loco parts of a Foot over. On the North ildc of it, 38 Feet from tlie (jround, is a Iqiiare and narrow PalTage leading into the Body of the Pyramid, and goes down Hill, the breadth of it little more than 3 Feer, the length 92 Feet and a half. At the end hereof is a larger Flue, but not regular, varying in Breadtli and Fleighth. On the Left-hand, climb- ing up a lleep and ma iTy Stone 8 or 9 Foot high, is the entrance into the firfl: Gallery ithc breadth of it almolt 5 Feet, theheightli the fame, and the lengtli 1 10. At the end of it bciiins the fecond Gallery, a piece of exquil'ite VVorkmanlliip. iJy this Cjallcry is a Well, now 20 Feet in depth, but Hippos d to be near tiU'd up. Going forward from the VVell,there isanother fqnijre Paflage 110 Feet in length, which leads into a little Chamber, lefs than 20 Font long and 17 broad. Within the fecond Gallery, there are feveral linall Rooins and a large one, cxtraord inary beautiful , 111 whicli is the Tomb or Monument of Ci'fc/)f, of one piece of Marble within, hollow and unco- ver'd. Having thus far defcrib'd tliis Pyramid, tlie Reader who dslires farther Satisfadioii, is referr'd loCcives^ and liaving laid fo much of it, we Ihall add no more of the others, but tliat tliey are like it in all refpefts, only much inferior in Magnitude, Not far from thefe Pyramids is a monftrous Fi- gure, ol a wonderful bulk, commonly call'd, the Sphinx^ the Head of it like a .Man, and the Body of a I ion, but now buried in the Sand up to the Shoulders , I'lwy lays, the Head is 43 Foot long. The work ot it iscurious, but liow that mis^h- ty Mais was brought thither, or to tvhat eiid, does not appear. All about C(/>o there are abundmce offubter- raneous Caves,made toprelervedead Bodies from Corruption and all other Accidents, thefe rcach'cl every way fir a valt extent, and were like a Labvrinth, having Communication from one to another. The way into thefe Caves is down a narrow V\ell 17 or 18 Foot deep. Thele lead into thole Caves or Rooms, where there are Mar- ble Tables, I'll which the ColFiis were laid. The Bodies fuiind here arc thole we call Alnnimics^ being hum.m CarcalFes buried many Ages, yet entire, and only dried up, the word Alr.mmy in the y't;y;.'W Tongue fignifying a Body dried up. ilieai l.eariicdlv, and with greater exat'^neis and incorruptible \ and thele Aliinuhivi arc .loi :,ill y other, fljegieatell .uid moll remarka- Bodies dried up by the heat of the Sun in the I'lcuf them are three Itandin- i "S'uii the Lime 1 lain. Ihe tirllaud largeftiof ear to one another Sand, but cmbalm'd and prclcrv'd by Arc. ec UaviuC m\ AW' 1^0 EGYTT. Having faif .'I|thii5 much of Cairo^ and the Cn- riofitics about it, let iis next come to Suez., vJiicli ftolc/iiy calls, 7/;f City of Heroes, feated at tlic top of the Red Sea, and a coiifiderable I'oit on it, where the 6V(Wc/ iV^^/Zflr has an Aift,ial, and whither mAUv Merchants refort from Iudi,i with all the Co;iimoditie« that Country affords. All a- houtitis nothing but a fandvOedirt, without any green, or iivini; Creature^ fo that all Provifions arebroui'Jit from far, and even tlie Water from two leagues dillance. It contains not above .100 1 lollies', aiKl the Port is fmall and llioal. Tlie Town of t-'iiim lies South of C.</>«, on an Eiiii- iience, nor tar from the Nile. The Upper Egypt, Formcrlv call'd Ihcb.-iis, or Tic I -r^da, from its onre reno\\n'd Capital Citv i'lubcs, and now S:tid, i-, walli'd all along its Eaff fide by tlie Red Sea, tlie North joins to the Middle tyypt, the Well: reaches to the Defarts of B.irc.i, and the South is parted by l)igh Mountains, Nubia, and the Coaft of ylbcx. This large I'rovince is divided i:ito 5.;/V/, pro- perly fo call'd, which is the Inland, and the Coaft of tlie Red Sea, a ridge of Hills running in length between tliele two Parts. But the more parti- cular Partition, like the others, isdivided intolix Jieylies, or C.iffiiifi, wliich are thole of Ren, or E- bc!:j]icj,UK molf Nortlu'rii lnland:,then Al.iiifelcnt ^ aiici (iiii[w on the L eft-hand of tlie Nile :, Ojcv- kcjfi and AI:>i:o 0:1 ilie Right \ and Ciffir , whicli is the SeaCoall. The firil Town entring tliis Province on the Well fide of the A',7c is He>iiJiiii:J,j,or Eboifncf, remarkable for little elfe but that it gives Name to that linall Ooveriiment. The next is .]t:ui::!, leaied on a high Cjrouiid near tiie Nik, built by Cdiphs. Formerly there were (lately tyyptian Cliurches, whereof only the Rums are now robe feeii. 11 till"', dilfereiit from that in tlie mid- dle Ei'vpi, and lonnerly call'd yibydits, ilands upon another Hill near the River. Here they lay the Body of the Patriarch Jvjipu was buried before the Jjy-tcliics departed out of hi^jpi. A- i//f/j,once call'd Kub-ijtes, was beautiful, and ad- orn'd witii fuinptuous Buildings , now a heap of Ruins, inhabited by about 100 Chnllian Fa- milies who have three or lour Churches, all the remains of what it was, VVithout it, is a Mona- iU'ry, the Monks whereot feed on notliing but lierbs. Bread, and Olives, yet they have a con • fiderable Revenue, and entertain all the Foor that coine to it fur three Days. Tiiibes, now 5.(.v/, was the ancientefl and mofl renown'd ot all ilie Cities in tf.ypt, feated on the Welt fide of the Nile, but is now nothing of what it has been, ^travo calls it DiujpoUs^ or tlie City of Jo-Ji:, becauie he was worlliipp'd tliere ; Hunger and Supo.i/im Hccatompolu, or the City of an liundred iiates, for it is reported to have had fo many •, JhoUoriii names it Hujim, the i.thtiipi.ihs Sirinis, the ^iciii'/ y/yw,/, and^iai. It was the Relideiice of Kings, who reinov'd thence to ylicx.Dhiii.i, to Ahti.piiii, and to C.iirc, and gave its Name to this Province of '77;f/'..7, r;, (o lamous for beii;g the Retreat offb many Fhou- fandb of Iioly i\iuliontes.5r?-.i/'« informs us,that this City was 80 Fui longs 111 length beturedeltroy d by ChiMjes Kiugot I'erji.t, and that in his Days llie rcmanibof many inagniticeni '■jluctiires. were ftiil t; ) be feen, and among them a iniglity CJojJi::, all <if one Stone entire, befides tbout 40 ToiiiLs of Kings in fubterraiiean Caves, and many I'y ramids and Obelisks. Ajiii, or SiciDiit, feated in the Suuthermoft part of Efypt, fUll on the Well fide of A'7.'f,had ita Name tliang'd by x\KA:.;bi, becaufe iuv/e i;i their Language ftgnifies r.;forin'd, and there fore they call'd it Afn.i, that is, Beautiful. Tlv/ dellroy'fl by tlie Romuys, it was rebuilt by the Al.itjoinetiws. The Inhabitants are rich, as h,:. ving a coiifiderable frade into Nnbi.t, up the Nile, and by land. The Ethiopi.ws c.\\\\i(i.i- vera; it has ilill a great Compafs, many It.itr- ly Buildings, and old Egyptian and Fu)n.i)i In- fcriptions. The Nile is Navigable to this i'lace, but i. little beyond it, (joods muif be carried by land till pall the Catarafts. On the E;;|f. fide of the Nile, near this border of Egypt, ilands the Town of j^jj^i.m. Next is AUmu, a ;',i;od Town returning to the Northward, on the lame fide of the River, then hl.n'.mi and Almoii.i^ not to mention other Places of lels Note. In [h.ic Part, which lies next the Sea there are very few Towns, by reafoii the Soil is moll a deep Sand and barren. On the Shore the only Places are, Grodol, A!,i>Ht, Hcbcle;.eit, Sitgiun, Dac.it i, t'::tt, Coffir^y Sail, and Zibid, all of them poor and m- conliderable, andconlaiuently defervingno par- ticular Uefcription. To return toEgypt in general, it is mod cer- tain that all the boallcd Fertility of the Coun- try is owing to the Nile, and the Slimc and Mud that River leaves behind when it over- Hows, which fattens the Ground, and produces- all tliat grows', for the Land of it lelf is na- turally lo faiidy, that no Watering or Rain Would make it fruitful :, and therefore the People are forced to draw Frenches from the River to feed all their Gardens, and lomctimes the over- flowing leaves fo much of tliat slime in certain Places," that the Pealants are fain to qualify it with Sand, tonnerl^ this Kingd.;ai furiiilli'd Rome, and ii;veral other Parts and now illliU fupplies Arabia dijert. I, l'aliii:iie,i:yii, Qrri,:t.;n tinoplc, and Ibuie Provinces of Enrop: \s\i\\ Corn, Sugar, Caliia, Sena, leveral forts of viuuis, and other Commodities. i>/f.( was always the truit- fuUell part of all the Country, as beiiiji vvater'd by feveral Branches of the NAc ; ana beyond Cairo towards Nubia, the Ground is generally good for little, except withm three or four Miles of the Nde, all tlie rell being deep Sand, unlefs fome Places which have cuts Irom the River. Even in the Delta all about Alexandiia, and next the Red Sea on the one tide, and the King- dom of Jiarca on the other, there are vail De- iarts. The llrange Plants growing here, not common in Europe, are the Datura, Coluc.iJ:i, Sibcjtc, Caffia, EJlianac, Lablab, Meltochia, S(J- b.w, Sojera, Abjujt, Scmpjcn, Herd, Ciiate, Abdel- liivi,H.itethia, Nejeiii-el Jalih, Tamiiid,Palm-IycCi Alacez., Sam, &c. There is no lefs variety of Animals , as Buf- faloes, Camels, Sheep with great Tails as big as one of their Qjiarters, (JauUs, between a Goat and a Deer, a lort of Monkeys, call'd Cmoecpha- las, or Dogs Heads,Chamx"leoiis, hhi:eiii>io»i,ci\- led Eyjptian Rat> •, Jv:<, Birds like C^ranes, ov. and for the Water, Crocodils and Sea-1 lories. 1 he Air is naturally excellivehoc, by realouof Its iie.irntdi) to the Fornd />oiie, and the farther Soaeh- K EGYPT, ipi ffiiitliwai'i'. of roiifequence tin; worfe. But in Winti-r tlie VVcithcr is very iiiiiYrtuin, fome- timi:s hot and fometimcs cold. The Spring there Ingiiis in Jitnii:tyy^ und ends with Febiimry, which isthemol} Teinper.ue Seafon. The Summer be- i;iis in yVf.iich, and ends in j4iif,ii/} exceliively li;it. Aiivuinn ]Ai\, Sipicwhcr and Oilobcr •, and Winter November and December. The Uiieales here are very numerous, as ma- lifjnaut levers, Small- Pox , Scurvy, Leprofy, Uiiptures, Gout, WeakneCs in the Mcrvcs, Stone, iiid the >;reateft tif all, the Plague. Ml Dei^rees life Ritliing to cxcefsi and the W'omui Oil and perfume thcmfe-ives. Tho' they eit three or four times n Day, yet it is lefst'ian die FiiropcMis, and their Diet is light, conlifting mod of Mutton, l-owl';, Rice, Lentiles, Pcafe, Kidney-Rcans, Turnips, Cabbape, Cucumbers , (jiap-s, Melons, and all forts of Fruit. The poor- er lort are Iktisfied witit Beef, and fometimes Qmelsl'lelli. As for Filii, it is little regarde'', imlefs two or three forts taken in the Nile. The.r Drink is tlie Water of tlic lame River-, only t!ic Chrifti.uif, Jews, and fome Turks drink Wine, wliich they have from Caidia , Rhodes^ and Cypyiis ■, they alfo drink much Coffee and Sherbet. The FfiyptiiDis jjo decently Apparell'd, they wear very fine Calico Shirts, and over thetn long Robes of fine Clotli, or Silk, narrow a- bove, and wide below, with If rait Sleeves. On their Heads they have a Turbanr, the Chrifti- iins Red or Hlue, tlie Jc n'A'ellow, and the /!/./- houui.ms White, except Af.ihomet's Race, who alone may wear ijreen. On their Feet they itHve rather Slippers than Shooes. Women of Qirtlity aie2,creraMv clad in white, aiidveil'd-, their Slipper's are high heel'd. The 7Kt-*j drefs liieir Heads after their own Country Fafliion. The Egypii.w.1 we.ir a wreath of Silk half a Foot high, ending ill a Point, with fome Jewels before !f, as alio rich Collars, Hracclets, Rings, and Tuih Ornaments on their Legs. Next their Bo- dy they h;ive a filk Smock curioully wrought^ Slid over it a Robe of feveral Colours, button'cl down before. The Tiirb here have all Employments, Civil „iid Military •, the Native Efypti.vs follow Huf- haiidry , the Ar.ibi live upon Rapine-, the E- ihioilivis^ Hlaiks j.nd ./fip.i upon Trade, as do the I'lhabiiants of (.',(// w, and many Clinicians fet- ikd among ihem. The Languages lierc are va- iKius, rhe ancient Cptlik or t.fiyptiun being only kr..)\vn to the Clcrgi, and more learned, the other l'.iyiiii.i>is fpeak yh.i'i.'ik and Etbiupn I;, the T:.;k.i tlieir own I anjiUage , the jews SpuniJ/-^ li.il'.ir:.,Circek and ^li.d'iti:, and moll Men Li/i- ,i,;i.. Irniic,!. Ilirtorital AtCDunt of l^gypt. l^\pt Is certainly one of ihc ancienteft King- dums in the VVoiki, and had not their Hillo- viis been cv)rnii;tk(l with multitudes ot Fables, perliaps none would have outdone them. iSot to meddle Willi l!:e Coiuiovcrfies handled by many .■\uthe id I'.ecided b\, It is generally .'.greed that C'/'.(//7, ilieSon of A'u.j/j, firlt inhabit td Ei^ypt after tlit (onkifion of languages at Jni- tcl. ills Son Mi^rji,;i ib the firll upon the LiR of the Kin^s, Ch.im being reckon'd tlie fame as 'Jupiter Hawiiiji}^ and Mi vuni) the lame as Ojiruy the great God of the Egyptunis. From Iiim de- fcendcd that Race of Monarchs, known by the Title of Pharaohs in general, tno' they had all particular Names of tlieir own. The whole fuc- cellion of thefe Princes is too long and uncer- tain to be inferted by us -, but 0/-«nhe 12th of them, and 2d of the Name is fuppofed to be the Jiiifiris of the Creciarts, mid the cruel Tyrant who commanded the Male Children of the IJra- clitcs to be dell roy'd. Cenchres, the i6th in Or- der, thought to be the Pharaoh drown'din the Red Sea. Pfammltinis, the 2d of the Name, 63d King in defcent, after a Reign of fix Months on- ly, was overthrown h^- Cambyfes ., the lAPcrfum Monarch, and thus £/;;/j)r was annex'd to his Em- pire, under which it continued till the Reign of Darius, 6th Emperout of the Medcs anc^ Per/i- arts, ill whofe 2d Year the E^yptiaus revolted, and Amyrteus was their firft King. Seven others iucceeded him, NeElancbus the zd of the Name, being the laft of them, in whofe Days Egypt was again fubdued by Ochits the 8th Empcrour of Perfta, to which Empire it remain'd fuDjeft, till Jlkxander the Great vanquilliing Darius, made himfelf alfo Mafter of Emt. jile.vander Afmg^ and his Conquells being clivided among his Ge- nerals, this Kingdom fell to the Lot of Ptolemy, the San of Lagiis, who reign'd 40 Years, and left the Crown to his Poflerity, all of them from him call'd Ptolcmys, as thefirft Race had been nam'd Pharaohs. His Son and SuccefTor I'tolemy PhiLidelphus, erefled the wonderful Li- brary at Alexandria, and caufed the 72 Inter- preters to Trandate the Bible. The Ptolemys were in all Ten, and Cleopatra, the Wife and Siller of the lall of them reign'd alone after him, having the Crown bellow'd upon her by Jidiiis Cifar. Being Witty, Beautiful, aiicl ex- celVive Lewd, the great Mark Jnihcny became fo defperately in Love with her, that it prov'd the ruin of them both, he being overthrown by Aiigii/his, and llie killing herfelf to avoid being led in Triu. ;ph through ^cwf. In her ended the Race of the Piokmys. E- gypt was made a Province of the Rowan Empire, and fo continued till the Days of HeracUns the Emperor of Conjlantiuonle, when tlie Avarice of the Greeks provok'd the Egyptians to fliake off the Yoke ot the Eallefn Emperours, and fubmit themfelves to the Arabs, and thus fell under the Ruleot Omar, the 2d Caliph, about the Year of CHRIST, 640. His SuccefTors held it till Aboit Mahommed Obeidaliah , who pretended to be a Prophet, and defcended from Eathcmah, Maho- mei'i Daughter, fubdued all tljc Mediterranean Coallof yf/Wf^-, and his Succellor Obeidaliah con- quering Egypt took upon him the Title of Ca- liph, which defcended in his Ppfterity to thr 13th Generation, when Ahhed, the laitof them finding himfelf prefs'd by the Chrillians, crav'd Aid of Noiircddin Prince of Aleppo, who feiit Salahcddin, or as we call him sJadin, with a potent Army to his Afltftance. He, inflead of iupporting, ojiptefs'd Abhed^ after whole Death he keptpolTeliion of Egypt, for his Mailer -, and he alio clying, (ct himfelf up abfolate Sovereign about the Year of CHRIST 1174. his Son fuc- cecding him, and tlius the Crown defcended in that Race to Elmutan the 7tli, who, as his Fa- ther liad been, was alfo murder'd by the Mama- links of his Guards, who eredtcd a Kingdom for themfelvct. E e c i Mam4' ill'! ■I : iiVik,-:^' 191 NVMIV I A or "B I L B'DV LG E RW. I' ■' -M i it R Mamaluch m the Arabiik fignifics a Slave, and thcfe People f) rall'd were Circ.iffi:in Slaves, bought up hy tlie Epjptian Kin^s, and tniiu'il lip in all martial Difcipline for their Guards, by rcafon the Epyptiam were a\i elfemiiiate People, wholly unfit for War. No Jem or M.ihomct.in could be admitted into thefe Troops, nor any but the Sons of Chril\ian>, of which the Kings had purchas'd fo great a Number, that the Gar- rifons tliroughout the Kin^',(l<)m were in their Hands, and there were no other Forces todraw into tlie I-ield. Thele Men having thus got all the Force of the Kingdom into their own Hands, fiX{\mmi.WCiMilekalS.dd)y and tlKu Tuitran- Jlj.th bis Son , the two laft of SiLtdms Race. This done, they made choice of lieckj a Turk., whom titey plac'd on the Throne, and thus he became the firlt Kiiii; of the MtmaLick Race. Thcle Princes call'd themfelves SnitMS, and held the Sovereignty of Egypt for the fp«e of 275 Years, tl^at is, from 1250 till 1525. Tokhiw Il.ii, commonly call'd TamombeiHS by EureptMs, tlie 2d of tins Name, was the laft of the Alimduik Sultan^, and reign "d but three Years, at the end whereof .SV^/« the firll. Emperor of tiie Turks, atrack'd and !•' uted him, and he Hving, was be- tray'd into his Enemies Hands by a Prince of th^.A:.ibs. Setim after tcnDavs hang'd him at one of tlie (jates of Cmo , and lo ended the Kaceof the Alimilucks, rais'd from Slaves to be the Terror of all the Eafl, and now ajjaiuat once funk to their primitive Nothing. • Ever finceiV//;;; coiiquer'd Egypt, as has been faid, it has been govern'd by A'l/f.i's, who have kilo the Title of BegUrhegs, that is. Lord of Lords, as being chief over many other inferior Goveruours. The time of their Rule is general- ly three Years, unlefs upon any Complaint or Offence taken they be remov'd fooner,which hap- pens very often. The Officers under the BMf.i are many, as the Tiihua, who is as it were a De- puty, the C.idtlcfchir, Prefident of the Council, fevcral S.u/pjucks and others. The Div.Dt is the Council, which has the direftion of all things, but generally fo fubordmate to the />'.<//', that it Ts nothing but a Name. The Chrillians redding among them as Merchants are generally try'd by their own Confuls in all private Differences, After this fuccinft Account of the Temporal State, itvvill not be ungrateful t.. the Read.r-., add a Word concerning the Ecrkriallical, Th ancient Ee.yptiaas were tlie moft fuperftitii.iis Na' tion in the Univerfe. They gave divine Hoiiom to leveral of their ancient Princes, as to Hm. mm, OY Ch:im, U)Oftrh, of Mi^Lr.i;//:^ to //,-, t(, Onis, zoTipiwf/, and to many more-, bcfid.s t'lv worltiipp'd the Sun, Moon, and Stars. Not V, fatisfied, they ador'd Dogs, Cats, Snakes, Calv. Crocodils, and a thoufand filthy Creatiims which did not yet terminate their Folly, for tli.'v extcndcdthe fame Worlliipto things inanimate as Leeks, Onions, Garlick, &c. One of thon- principal Deities was a black Bull, which tlK-/ offer'd Sacrifice to, under the Name of yl;,ii, and no doubt from them t!je //-•.W//« karut to be lo fond of Calves. When Chriftianity began to fpread it felf abroad, the Ei^yptiaii embrac'd it as foon, and cultivated it as much asany otlur Nation, and tliere it Hourilb'd in great Splen- dour for Ibme Ages, and this not only in Town'; and the cultivated Country, but even iw the wild- eft Defarts, which were the Habitations of manv thoufiuid Anchorites, and there are fiid tohavi- been not only Monarteries, but whole Towns of Religious Perfons. This lafted as long as tliey ' continued fubjeft to the Ro,iia:i Empire, and till, as has been fiid, they call'd in the Straccm, vvli' by degrees almoft extirpated Lhe Cliriftian Re- ligion to introduce the Af.ihometjn, which pre- vails to tliis Day. There are now feveral lorts of Chrillians, which, not to mention the Europe- ans, who only refide there for Trade, may be reckon'd under thefe Heads of Coptics, Nfjhri.M; A'f.irofiiics, O'ctrgians, J.icouitfs, Arwcuians, aiul Syri.i>is, who all live difpers'd about the Country ill feveral Towns, Villages, and Mmafteries, ufmg feveral Ceremonies. They all acknowledge the Patriarch of A'cxmdrlt, whom they call P.ipt. T\k Coptics, who are the moft numerous and nativj E^^\pii:i,/s, in their Divine Service uie the Liturgies of .S'. I'crc; and S. Mtrk, S. A' //.•/, S. Gregory, imAS.Syr'A, written in their antieni: Tongue, and the EpilUes and Gol'pels are llill read in CoptkkmA Arabkk. Thele People are generally very ignorant, but firm in their Re- iigiow, and if they kn.)\v enough to Salvation they need no greater VVifdom, CHAP. X. of Biledulgerid, or Numidia in general. TH I S was formerly one of the feyen prin- cipal Provinces into which Ajrick was divided, at prefent it makes one of 12. The Name of BUcdulgend is a corruption from Beled el Gered, fignifying the Country of Dates, becaufe it produced more than any other. It extends from Egypt in the Eaft to the Ocean y.»\ the Weft, and is divided from B.irbmy by Mount y/.'/^/ on the North, and by other Moun- tains and Departs from Libya, or Saara, or the Dcfart on the South. The length of it about 2500 Miles from Eaft to We.'l, the greateft breadth not 200 in the widrfl I'lacc, and much lelii ill others. The principal Rivers here are the Darha, which rifing in Mount Atlis, and giving its Name to the Province it runs through, lofes it felf 111 a Lake, coming like the other from Mount At- las, and after watering a great Traft of Scrcl- mejj'a, falls into another Lake. The 6'/;;V li.is likewife its Srource on the iiime Mountain, runs acrofs thick Woods and Forefts, and ends m a Lake in the midft of one of th.-m. Rio Blanco, or the White River, comes from a Mountain in the Province of Tfi/et, and fpreading it felf in- to feveral Branches, runs into the Ocean At :"; many Mouths. Bn\edor lies Nortliward of laft, and runs the lame Wcftern Couri'e into ilie Ocean. Kio Seco, or the Dry River, lo c.ill'd becaufe it dries up in Winter, is ftiU No. rh w.iri', ward and n Biijador, ;;n Ealhvard 01 near Alhci iiiitfiii deftei loft near j-U: rains on the vlnce of the Kingdom > from the N, in Mount __ of Bilcdiilgc) Defart. The Soilo and th(.refor Iiime Meafiir it yields, th fv'd with ap Harvcft of ' be never lo Six Months, them Corn c They fow in Oft riches, enough, and gious number very Mifchie Wind is iiere vellers in San olfended hy thev are ape t their Youtli, i fill, and oftet Bill -NVMlDlAot'BILEDVLGEKW. ip^ ward and runs Weft to the Ocean, betwixt Cape Hiijiidor, ;ind the Town of Nmi. Leblch rifes alfo Ealhvard on the Mountain?, and meets the Ocean near Alhcn.i^ after takins; in the Tcceutin. Hi- )m\]ln dcfcends from the Mountains of S'«, and is loft near Ahl'iiliin. Farc^il.s flows from the Moun- tains on the Nort!', and runniUf^ throui;h the Pro- vince oftlie fame Kme, glides nito a Lake in the Kingdom o'iTiplct. The Hot River, To ca I I'd from the Nature of its Water, has its Origin in Mount Atl i< , and after crolliufj the Plains of BihdHlgcrid, forms a lake m the midft of a Defart. Tlie Soil of Bilcdiilf,erid is Iiot, dry and fandy, and therefore bears little Corn, which Want is in ibme Meafure made up hy the abundance of Dates it yields the Country People being better fatis- fy'd w ith A plentiful f'rop of Dates, than the beft Harveft of Wheat, in regard, that tho' the Year be never fo kind , this can never maintain them Six Months, bclides that their Neiglibours bring them Corn cnougl-, in Exchange for their Dates. Ihey fow in Odohe , and reap in ylpril. Oftriches, Camel • and Goats are liere plentiful enough, and fouie 1 lorfcs there are •, but a prodi- gious number of Snakes and Scorpions, which are very Mifchievous. Hefidcs this Mifchief, theEaft Wind is herefo violent, that it often buries Tra- vellers in Sand , and the Natives Eyes are much otfended by it. Another Inconvcniency is, that tiiev arc ape to have their Teeth dropout even in tiicir Youth, in all t)thcr Relpefts they are health- ful, and often live to a great Age, the Plague be- fBcydo.t. i (lorham. I Sim. The Defart o^Bmcu^ yjugeln. I Siirtn. j F.b.iida. \,S.iLi.i. f Taiz.<tra. \Cif('f.i. Biledulgerid. JCiMunet, jFcz.z,en. C Tcorrcgu, . Bi'cara, Borpi, )Nefta. Zcb. S.Techort. ' rheot.icha, . Dcufcn, CTeiorarin, jTtfibit. icgorarni. <j,;,/,,,. ^ Bati^orai. The Defart of Barca lies Eaft of the Kingdom of Ff^ypt, South of the Kuigdom of li.iir.!, >iorth of /^iihiira, and Eaft of the Province of Biledulgerid. It is really a De- fart, being all deep Sand, lirarre any \vhere ha- bitable, for the nioft- part deftitute of Water, and Cduiequcntly producing litile for tlie Support of Human life. A Lake on the North-calt Part of il. has given occafion tofome People to fettle tliere, wnere tliey have two little Towns, or ratiier Vil- las^es, 5;/Monthe Weft, and 6'i)WM/« on theEaft of it, Sarta ftands on another (mailer Pool more ing never heard of here in many Ages, and tlic Children always free from the Small Pox. They are a wicked People, Lewd, Treacherous, Rob- bers, C"c. Their common Food is the I-lelh of Oftriches, or Camels, and their Drink Camels Milk and Broth , for they feldom drink Water. Some of them are fo nafty, that they never walh themfelves. The Arabs of N^nmidia are lean and Ihrivell'd , brown of Complexion and a hideous Afpeft,and great Lovers of Oftrich hunting. The better Sort are attended by Blacks, and the reft by their Wives, who look to their Horfes. Some of tliem fend their Children to Scliool, and the greateft Proficients become Cadis or Marabouts^ that is, judges, or Priefts. Others addift them- felves to Trade, and others to Poetry, for which they have no ill Genius. The ArM>s have pofTefs'd themfelves of all thofe Parts, which produce the greateft Plenty of Dates , and the Africans are witlidrawn nearer towards the Country of the Blacks. Some of them are free and wander about the Country, with their Cattel, without owning any Superior ^ others have their particular Xeqnes or Lords, otliers are fubjeft to the Kings of Fez. and Morocco \, for Inftance, as tliofe of the King- dom ot Tujilet and Ij'ata^ and others are under the Turk., who is pofTefs'd of fome Places in Niimidia. They are all Alahometaris. This Region is divided into 8 Parts or Provin- ces, which, taking them from Egypt where we left off, and returning Weftward," lie thus, with the Towns in each : ^Segehneffa. Tenegiient, Tebuhaz.a>it. SegelmelTa. •{ Mamua. i Tcbelbclt. I M.iLaliget. i^Ahiihinan. Tafilet. <TaJiUt. Darha. TelTet. . Darha. Benifabid, )Tet.eriu. \1 iu!.eda, iTiiiudin. Timefqiiit, rTcffet. \Nun. fMoiiaflerid, TargHcz.. Anpdim.i. Alhaia. X to the Eaftward, Serdoa is a Caftle, with forae Houfes about it. Ebaida and Sabia, two other inconfiderable Places, none of them worth men- tioning, but that there are none better , and this bH in A Country of feveral Hundred Miles in Compafs. » Biledulgerid, properly fo call'd, Is the Province which extends it felf in Length along the South-fide of Tripoli and Tmns., which are its Northern Boundaries, as is the Defart of Barca the Eafterni the Province of Zcb the We- ftern; } ..i; it: 4ik- IV '' Mm iiiill ri^;i ip^ ISiVMlDlA or BILEDVLGERIV. I' fli'rn,;iiid Z.ina or the Dudivt the Southern,about <ioo Miles in length from Eaft to Weft, and loo ill F^icidtl) from North to South. The Groiiiid licars no Coin, hut tliere are vail Woods of Halin- Tnv., 1- odnciim infinite Quantities of Uatt;;;, whii, '" ply all the Coaft of Tunis. The I'riu- cipa) 1 owns in it are, '1'ciiz.ur built by the Roiiims ill the Dc(art, on a fuiall River, now divided into two Parts ^ the one inhabited bv t!ie Native //■ Jiiiwis, and tlie other by yirabs. Cifsi, or Cifrfi, is another /W.w Town, with hii;!i Stjne Wails of a (.'.reat Thit knef-. The Air Iiere is uiiwhol- ibm and tlie Water hot, and borli tliefe Places are Suhiea to the /*<///.; of Tunis. 1 he other I\<rts of thisComitrv are the Terri- tory ut 7 em-yegit, lyinc; between Tripoli and the I'efart of Ti.in.T, has three finall Towns and ;0 Villages •, the Inhal-itants of them all Poor,as ly- iiifi in the Derart,aiid remote from Trade. J.i/ilie>/ is higher towards Tripoli, has abundance of Dates, and is Subjert to tlie />.#( of Tripoli, d.uk/rci. contains iO\ya!rd Places, and to open Villages, the Capital of ilie fame Name, luppo^'d to be the O.ijit of Ptoki/.y, and its Inhabitants wealthy by tlieir Trade in I)ates,and a free People. In Fc^7,i)i there arc 20 fniall Towns and ico N illa).',es. The Inhalifaiitsrich by their Trade with the Blacks, Iiave a Lord uf tlieir own. Zeb. Ihe next l-'roviiicc to the Weftward, bounded on tlie Well by the Deliirt of A/.i:^il.i •, on the Noi t!i hv t!ie Mountai'is of Bin^i.i ^ on tlie Eall by the Province of B;lfr!,:lgerid, and on the Smitli by ilie D^kirts, where is the great Road from Tcchort to (i;:.ir:\.d.i. It lias 5 'towns and many \ illaf,cs, Jiijiar.i built by the Rom.ms., ruiii'd and rebuilt by the Ar.ibs , we.ll enough Inhabited by a civil I'eople, who are oblig'd in tlie Meat of Summer to retire to the \'illages to avoid t!ie Riting of tlie Scorpions, wliich isAiortal,and return in Novem- ber. Borgi is 5 lea2,ues South of tlie laft, and more populous. AV/i".! is divided bv V\'alls into rhree Parts, witli a Port in one of them, wliich ■ppears to be a RoMati Strufture •, the Natives are iiiroieiit to\\ :irds Strangers. Tbcolacha is a foun- (hit'on of the ylfiic.i/is, on a finall River, with a ro'>rWall. Dcujhi h n Roman Stin£iure , near It ,ire tlie Ruins of ancient Monuments, and Ibme- tuncf aftei' f'.reat Rains, there arc (jold. Silver, and C'-'Ppii .Medals found in the fields, with a fkac'jlnknptioiis and Trophies on them. A'fe^z.,ib IS a IVrriiory depending on this I'rovince, in whiJi there are fevcral Villages, and the Natives ;tc ruh by Trading with the Hlact<s. The la ft lies VN'cft of Zcb, and Tcchorr, bv fome call'd a f\!!W('oui,i-^ South. The Capital of the fiime Name, is the lifrdp!:yli'i/iofPtolt)/iy, founded by the A'/i- midii'is on A Mountain, at the I-'aU whereof is a Imalt River, with a Draw-Bridge. The Town has .Stone V\'alis witiiiii which are 250c Houfes of vStone and Brick, and a beautilul Mofque. There are 40 Cai'tles and 150 Villages in the Country, which ail coiiri ibute to the lord of t!ie Town. The IiihabitaiUs are extraijrdinary courteous to Sirangerj and entertain them in their lioufes, without t.ikiii!' any Reward, liii.irfjihi is another feparate Territory of this Province, totheEall- ward of tlk- lalt, its Capital of tlie fame Name, tliought tobe ri'do/iyViiminiijlwit by the y4fri- c.wA Moll 1 1 tlie inhabitants are blackvi^ having moft to do with Black Women, vet generous am' courteous to 'Strangers. They have a I orcf of thtir ow ■ ■' — "'- RevemK' o Lw 11.111^.1... iiicv nave a lord •n, wlom they honocir as a Kinr, and : rtckoud WMrth 1 50CC0 Ducats a Yeai us Tegorarin Goes on dill to the Weft ward, encompafs'd by y1!,u,icr, Ser,chiH[fti, Zeb and Z.iar.i. It inciiuies about 50 ('aftles and 100 Villages. The 1 and chiefly produces Dates, and {iime Corn with ireicli watering, but teeds luj Cattel except a fi w (-uiits I he People trade much, get Gold from the likuks' and carry it into Ji.irh.irv , carrying back otiier Necelliiries thence to the Hlacks :, benig very lov- ing to Strangers, and induflrioiis in improving their 1 and. Pleili is very fcarce among them, for waiitot Grafs, and therefore they commoulv eat Horfes or Camels, they buy of the Ar.tbs. T(jcbit is a finall Territory depending on this Province ill the Northwelt Part of it, confilting of four Caftles, or fmall Towns and 2S \illages, the Men Black, the Women Brown and iiandfom but all Poor. ' Segelmefla. This I'rovince is vcr\ targe, including fever.il fmall Territorie?, and extending over a miglirv Trad of I and, from the Kingcloms of /-('.^'and yll.Kicr on the North, to the Defarts of /.%; oti the South i and the Province of Tcc^or.irit, ji, the Eaft, to Aforocco and Tajilct on the VVefi:, being near 500 Miles in Length and 50c in Breadth. It is water'd by three Principal Rivers, tlie 67j;V, the Z(V and the '/'ofrf'./, and takes Napiefnm its Capital City, feated on the V ivev Z^is. It was once great and popalous, but much abandon'd of late Years. .Along the R iver there are abundance of fmall Towns and Village', the three chiefell whereof are Tcwf^^fwr, containing about 1000 Hou- fes, Tibu'i.it^iint and Al.iii:na, a very populous Place. Qncncg is a fmall Territory on the North-wed of this Province, next Mount At!. a., and upon the River Z/.C, yet has in it only three old Caftles, and a parcel <'f fcattering N'illages or lone Houfes. yM:n!^ar:t is another Dillrnfi- on the fame River, in which there are feveral Villages, the Chiefof them call'd iJiUl.i-, ihcAriibi.m Lord whereof has a Re- venue of ;ccoo Ducats a Year rais'd by Duties on Goods. The Liberty of Rctcl South of thelaft, on the fime River, is (but in '\aftward by an un- inhabited Mountain, and \\ eftward_ bv a faiidy barren Plain. The Natives area bale Cowardly People, and treated like Slaves by the A,\:l'>. Tcbclbclt is a very poor Town and Country about INaUie: 01 ll iVIVLl, UUL Wt lUC V-jUUULI^ UN lH,>t[l fides of it, in which there are only tour Town>, fuch as they are, and 10 Villages, fcnul.i, ir- z.cyii], Benifi-iin, Be»i-Bc(Jcri , Giuiheda and i.t[- hi^, are all linall Diftridts that have nothing re- markable. Tafilet. This Kingdom, bearing the Name of its Capi- tal, is a long Hip ol Land, running North-weft and South eaft,aiid iiKluduig the Province of /«- f, the gn iboiit ^00 !> !a_rueil:,bnt ofA.'oracco] lies along it! Sdlllh-Weft. th' South. I he Capi ee.Mtains 200 tiveen this I ■\hich runs a and hears C uf Hates, an i'liiih Cattel, v.liieh lali ar Oats, Bailc Inideoflnd Silkj, and inc come from th The Provii of /../'>'./ a. lid Natives call'd who (j- ^.k lie are bra ■(.- aiu tlici, feed wit! !!"e among th eip.ilVVea'lrh. vl Tijilif, are aiidyl/a/tcK, Pniices. If TelF lies along th ""ilieNori'licx '""■t of kc^cU ■ h' I'd vi liUK\: -Wi.ft 'on the .il'tlcs jLirc>. i-cr, ill . a Rc- Cics on Uilv, ;in un- lancly about , Icarcc ,ic» and iiily the both rowii>-. /.-, T, - id /.,.r _.s Capi- th-wal NVMIDUot'BILE'DVLGERW. 195 / the grcareft leiiftth of both to;;ether being jc-vus to ZiWrf, or tlie Defart. It is^cucrallv" ■' -•• • ■ •- •' - ' — t. .. . divided iiitoy Tcriit'iries, or Diftiifts, inhabited by asinaiiy Tribes <jf Bertberes or Native Aj'i- cans, tliree on tlic Coafl-, and four up the Inland. The Manliine nvc,Iil.iif//iit;it, the moil Norilicrlv, which is pretty well fili'd witli Dwellings of the Hcrcbnr.', who fiiclore them, aiid Iiave a Sort of Capital of the fame Name is Wall'd, and Torts. Tliey are able t.) raife 50,00 Horfe and ' ' ■■ '' " ' "" 3CC00 Foot, hut this is becaufe ill Time of Need, ■■ii||." :bont ^011 Miles and the Breadth not 60, where !;triieiV,bnt intuli lels in inanv Parts.TIie Kingdom oiAfoyuno toiifhcs it on the North-weft j^f'^'f/T' hts.ilon^^its North and North eafl, J)i>lhinn the S.iuth-well:, and l^irt of 'fcjfa and ZJura on th ■ Sontli Hi- ., niitanis iooo lloules, inhabited by Ihrcbacs. Be- tween tins I'l.ite ;iiid the Defart is a f^reat Road, wliidi runs acrof. Mount yitLs. The Soil is billy and bears ("crn, has good I'alhiriand abundance uf Pates, and limie Indi;;o. The Natives breed iniub Cattel, and particularly Camels and I lorfes, wliiih lall are extraordinary fwift, and fal with Oats, Barley and Dates. They drive a threat Irade of Indii^o, and 1 eathcr, bcfides loine iUip'd Silkf, and molt of the Dates brought into i;«>-o;f, come horn thence. The I'rovinceof It:t'..i, lying on the Frontiers of /..i'V ' '-'ic^ '' l^enendance of Tiijilci, is by the Natives caird (nii. ■, they beinj^ a mix"d Race, who If 'ak neither s;ood African nor J ibick^hnx. wlioin They are bra 'e and keep abundance of llorfc!-, wl the\ leed with Da tur want ■ ifBarley. live amons^ tlie I'aliii-Treeswhicli are their Prin- cipal Wealth. T 'lis Province, and the Kingdom ot T.ijdt!, are boib Subjeft to the Kings of /ci \mAMo,vtiif who toiiquer'd it from the Native Prmces. Darha Is one of the beft Parts of NumidiiU focall'd from the River cf the fame Name, which runs through it •, being feparated on the North by Ml uiit /iil.is from tile Kingdom of yl/o^occa-, on the Weft it borders on the I'rovinces of Gci.iiL; &", and part of Tcljci •, on the South it lias ano- ther part of 7 <(/(•/, and on the Ealt 'I'uJiUt. The length of it near ^co Miles. There are many Caitles and waH'd l-'laces in it along the River D.rrh.t. h has a Town ofthc fame Name not very confiderable , no more tliaii tliol'e of Banfibih, Tc^aiK, 'Tji:Lcd.i and li.'iu:l:n, which lall is the bell of .hem, commanded by a Citadel \ but 77- r:cf(ji:a eNcetd^ them all as containing ;coo 1 lou- I'cs within Its Walls, befides 2Co in the Suburbs. Notliing reinams, but t!ie Ruins of7V///f, where the K ing-. oiiie kept their Court. Soinc • f the land bears Corn, efpecially when the Ri\.-r U,.; .'.'.j ovi.r-Hows_, but never enough to irain ain the l-'iople, wb.ich obliges them to caii-v their Dates to ffi, to exch.mge for Corn. /Uiiiidaiucof Indigo glows liere, and I'alm-Trees fur toi.r I.e.'.gues about, and they leed their Ca- meUaiid Horles with the woril ot the Dates. 1 lie ,^■.ll are generally tawny, as being mix d with tl e blacks i but the Women are handl'om and ?,ood lutiir'd, attended by BlackSlavts. Their common hjod is Milk boii'd with Barley-meal and Dates, asalioCamels, Horles and Oliriihes Helb •, but they never eat Bread, unlefs at great Feafts. They are for the moll part Subject to the Kingof A/o- vcfto, except ill lome l-'laces, where tlie\ have Lords of their own. TelFet, or the farther Sus, lies along the Jilirntiik Ocean on the Wefl, on the North extends along A'oivccc, Darl.hi, ana Part of ^cgci//.iji]a , and 011 the Eait and South ecauie 111 all tlie Men go to the Wars, uiui keep muchCattle and Morfes, becaufe the Land is proper for thein, and produces Wheat and Barley, in lome Place-> as alle) Oranges,! .imons and otiier iuyoptaii Fruits,, I'Jlitci is the next towards tlie South, whole Prin- cipal Town is J'Mijuez., wliere tlie Xcqncot Lord refides. It is all a Rocky Soil, yet bears B.uley, and feeds Flocks of Goats, which are the Princi- pal Wealth of the Inhabitants. Tlie moll remark- able Thing here is Cape N.tm, lo call'd by the l'urtn^M.i'csy\i looking upon it as tlie Ne plm ultra in Navigation, becaufe for many Years their \'oy- ages terminated tiiere, and they bcliev'd it im- pollible to go any farther. To the Southward ilill is Nw.\ a miferable poor Country next the Delart, aiicl iiere is the famous Cape Bujad.ii; fb nam'd fr(jm its running out rar into the Sea, for Boj.ir, in tlie ro,t:!iii,(jc Sea llirafe, is to extend. The only Places licre worth iiaming,are the Towns of A"//;;, Albcii.t and Anjulima. The Arabs here wander up and down tlie Plains, and the Bcre- bcrcs refide in N'alleys or the Hills. 'Itfftt v-. up the Inland, next the Frontiers of Z:ih.mi, the Ca- pital of the fame Name, wall'd and containing 4C0 Houfes, with about iicco Icattering Habi- tations round about in the Country, wliichis all Sand, except a few Spots clofe to tlie Town where there are Date Trees, and tiiey low foine Barley and Millet ; lb that t!ie People are all Poor, and employ themlelves in Tillage, (in.idai lies a little to the North-Weft, a fmall Diftria, in all Refpefti like the lall. Ij'nui, or Z^firaii, tonliils of Four little Towns, built by the NHmidians, a league from oneauotlier, near a fmall River, wliich tuns only in Winter. About them are feveral Villages, and great Store of Palm-Trees. Thel'e Places are under a more regular Government, than the reft, becaufe veliuted to by Chriliian Merchants tra- ding to Git.d.U:i and I'un.biit ; whither they carry Linen and Woollen Cloth, and bring back Lea- ther, Wax, Rice, and Sugar. They have a Judge among them, who decides all Controverfies, and Punillies Criminals, but none beyond Banilhment, be their Crime never fo Enormous, for they put no Man to Death, tho' they are all Afuhomctuns. yka or yhch.t, is the moll Inland Part, next to Z-ihitra, where are three wall'd Towns, near one another, oncealinoll depopulated by civil Warsj till a M.ir.ib^iit, or religious Man recoiicil'd them, and became their Lord. The Religion of all this Regi<iii of Bilcdidgcrid is M.dioinvt.iH tliroughout,and as for tl, 'ir Hiftory we have nothing of it, whatev.'r lias been known of It being included under the Kingdoms of Bar- b.iry, which have extended their Dominions into thel'e Parts, which of themlelves have not atTorded any Learned Men to record tlieir .■\dlioiis, or per- haps that obfcure People never pertorin'd any thing worth committing to Pofterity. For want whereof, we will here lay fometlung of Mount ^i'f/.o , which is one of the greateft in tlie World, both for Height and Extent. It com- mences at Cape Nam or A'mj , on the Aii.imUk Uceaii, if.* ■■-ii" 13 ■\i •n l|; • % r 'I; 1^6 Z AH ARA Ocean, wliicli takes that Name from it. TIkii turning and vvindnig fometimcs to tlu' North, aucl foinctimcj to the Suiiih, and feudinr', out IcvcimI Uranchi.'5 itvims to the Eaftward the whole f'x- lent of y'lffick, in its Way divldin;; all Il.i,l>.i>y from R'.lcrbil!^:rid. CorTiini;to l/^ypi it turns away a<;ain to theScjiiihward, and parts th,it Kin'^dom ixom Niiblt^ and tlicn fontinuing itsCourll- Kail- ward, ends at latl in the Rrd Sea. The Ikis'Jit of it IS gentralK ExcelVi.e and murli above the C-louds, and tho' in To hot a Country, a great I'art is continually tover'd with Snow. I'his Name was ftiveii it from AiI.k^ Kinft of M.wrl t.v/i:!, who liv'd at t!ie Foot ; f it, and addicK-! hiinLif much to tlioStudv of Afty.>!n:\-^ kIio, rhj I'oets fiiiV, was turn'd inro ihi, M.iunr.nn hv /Vr/<7/.! wit!i McArj :\ llcii.d. Tlic ^re.ir lKJi.;i, of it j;ave Occalloii to tiio Kahle of Ail.n^ I'l!',, pt.rtini.'. tile Heavens. Tlie //..'/'.(call it /Vdii.n' and the Sp.i'iJiiJs Alt^.m ; c'.'.j/Vj. \\hi.re t'l.' Snow lies not always, there are vail Woods iji^- Habitation of all Sorts of Wild nealU. The lower I'arisan'ord K'""| l^iftnre, aiK!iiian\ conlider,.!i|: Rivers delcend tVom it. ) -,,C H A P. XI. Of Z A H A R A , or the Defart. D^lftendiu;,', ftill Southward and returttinft from the Weft to the Eaft, we meet wit!) tlie Retjioii of Z.ih.ir-.i, lo call'd bv the yt'-.ibi, and lli'jnfyini;, a Defirt, becraife in Effect it is no better. The Ancients knew it by the Name of Lil'y.i lutcri'ir^ or Dcfcrt.i , becaufe re- inotefi from them and defart. Whetiier it Iiad this Denomination, from Lil/y.i, the Dauj^hter of Ep.iphii.t anddrandcli'ild of Jovi, or from the A- r.tbick I.ch,b^\'\'-zy\\'(\ wg excelllve 1 !eat,is not wurtli Difputin_:i, there haw^ foun; to defend botli Opi- nions. As to its Bounds, it reaches to tlie Atl.i>itUk Ocean •, on the Kail to ilie Dtlart of B.tn.i and Niihi.i •, on tlie Nortli it joins to /i.-lcJidf^^crid, and on the Simth to A'r:;;v,7. ;/-.'(/, or tlie Country of tlie Blacks. The Soil in general is Dry, Sandy and Barren', the Uncouth Mountains produtini; no- thing but Briers and Brambles, and the moll fruit- ful I'arts imly fome little Barley and Dates. The chief Sulk-nance of tlie Natives depends on their Caimls, tlieir Siicep and Ol'triches. To add to their Milery, they are infelted with Snakes and lofufls, wliich Hying in Clouds, dellroy all tlie little (h-een there is. The People are cither Shepherds, whofe chief Bufinefs is Robbing, Murdering and Huiitiiu',, as tliey wander from Place to Place •, or Bere- beres, who have certain Places of Abode and arc aft'able, friendly, jull; in the Way of Trade, and lovers of Strangers. The Men are fpare of Body, and generally healthy to 60 Years of Age, tile Air being (o whiillbm, tliat Sick Perfons are brought thither from other Parts to be Cur'd by it. The Women are well-lliap'd, and both Sexes Tawny. The ylr.ibt.m Shepherds go ftark tiaked, except tile ModefterSort, wiio wrap a Clout abouc their Middle, and a kind of Turbant on their Heads made of black Clotli. The ridieft i)f them wear a loole (iarment of blue Callico , brouglit tliem from tlie Country of tiie Blacks, rhey Travel on Camels, lie upon Mats, and co- ver tlieir Tents witii a courle Cloth of CameU Hair. Tlie Willof tlieir Chiefs, isthee>nly law among them ^ their Religion a Corruption of A'Libui,^et:jiii ^ And their Language a Bail)aroUb Tlie Aiabs divide this Country into three forts, by thefe Names, Cchcl, whicli is all linall Sand i Z.ih.D.iy ftony j and y}-~.g.ir, Marlliy. The molt receiv'd Divifion among us is into 7 Defarts, un- der wliidi all other fmallcr are comprehended , in wliicli tliere being no Towns of any Note, it will be needlels to give a Table, as in otiier Coiimries but bareli, the Names of thofe Delarts •, wlncji' are, Zsiilhi^i, Zuai:.lg:t,Tan,ii, ot H.iyr^ Lcmptj, Bitriloa^ Ciugtij and Uunio, Zanhaga Extends to the Ocean cm the Weft, lias the J'rovincc of 'T'ffjrf on the North, the Del^irt ol /.I'.Cii-^iv.t on the ['..ill, and tlie Kingdomsof (//.'..•■ /."'» and luinbiit on tiic Smuii. In this (.'oaip.iis are included tlie Imall Delarts of /^c/o/t/ and 7e- g-'^^i'-, the laft of wiiich produces a vaft Qiainity of Rock Salt, convey'd liience all over the ("oiiii- try of the Blacks, and ii>.'cl by the l\-ople to hold in their Mouths to moilicn them and jirelerve their (jiims. This is a vei\ d.mgerous Place to travel thr"Ugli , if the SumuKr prove dry, fir tlien there is neither Water, nor any thing to give the Cattel ■, and in the Territory ^\f A^.to.id are to be feeji tlie lombsof a Rich Merclu'iit and a Carrier, the firft of winch lionght a Draught of V\',iter of the latter for ic 00 Ducats, and\et botli ot themdy'd of Tinrli, before they got out of the i^lart. ('itiesand Towns ot Note \Ne mult look for none in tlitle Uelarts. Zueiiziga I his ZmiIj.^.i on the VVcft , Sce,c!i/u(IU and Tc- ior,i)i>: on the North, T.trg.ion the Ealt, and the tlie Kingdoms of I'lu/ibiit and Ai^.tdcs on the South, and includes the leder Deliirt of Ooi^tla.'. This Country, tho' more dry and barren than the kift, has many Inliabitants ^ andis the Thoroughfare of theM.rchaiits, who go from Trciniccn to tlie Kingdoms of Tninbitt aiicl yliuuks with great Dan ger of their Lives, many Men and Bealls d\iu:j by tlie Way, particularly in the Diitrict of(,„, - doi^ for want of Meat and Drink, there being no Water for Nine Days Journey, unlels it Rain and make Ibme Pools, and thole too foon dry \\\\ The Inhabitants are mix'd Afiidius and .■/;..•/;., tlie latter dreaded by the Blacks, whom the') take by Force and fell them to t-'c-^, but if thole B'ck^ ever light on them, the higgelt Piece they leaveot their wliok Body is an F.ar. Targa, or Hayr, Is the next Defart Eaftwards to Zncnt'.s'U I'' call'd from a Race of Airkiui bearing tiie Name; NVBIA 191 of 'I'.irf^t, .T.'J f /.'}'■, from tlio Piinripiil llibitii- lioii ill ir. TliihCiutitrv is not fo Dry and B;ir- rt-ii a<. lli." tvoUift, but has many I'^oncl Wtlli vf VVatrr, tlio" mTfrally deep-, tlic Air is more tcm- pefiite and tli- Land pifKliuos (jrafs. Much M.in- 11:1 is here I'Jiind towards the l-rontiersof A^itdez., which is carriL-d thitlier to Sell, frclli nather'd, in f.ilaballits, and Told verv riicap. Tlie P,lHcks drink it (li(rol7'd ni tlicir Water and drefs tlieir Melt with it , aiUdiiiiis; that it is Cooliiii;; and VVholcfom,and iIuTetorc Strangers aremorehcal- thy there than at 7o/n/»«f, tho' the Air is not to good, l-'oth xViAnibs and Ikrcbna deal ninth in currying blacks to B:trbary to Sell. Lempta, or Yi'^uidi, Comes next in Courfe, as lyin^; Eafl: of Tarf^.ty a Miferable I'lacr, and very Dani'.erons for Mer- chants who travel tlirouiJ.h .t from ConlLimmu to the Country of the Blacks, bein^ iniiabitcd by fierce and brutal Africins, who rob all tliiy meet witli, and kill all tiiat are of (innyntLi, becaufe they lay (ome Claiin to tliat Province, and tliere- fore are alwiys at War with thole that t'offels it. Dcrdoa I ics Eaft of Leinpt /, and North of /iomo. South ot Kthdi'.lgcnd^ properly fo call'd, and Welt of C.inrji. It is as Barren and Dry as any of the Reli, and very iinlafc for Travellers, except they be ot Uadcmes in lUlcdnlgend , witli whpm they ■ire ally'd. T!iis is perhaps tlie Delart of the An- cient Aiigdci ineiition'd by Pornpoiiiiu Akltt, Some Dates grow about i'licli Places as are Inhabited and have any Water, and here ire rcckon'd to be tlirce little wall'd Towns and fome Villages. Borno Is Soutli of Bodo.t, and not to be reckori'd a- tnoiig the Delarts, being a Kingdom, and water'd by fome i;ood Rivers defceiuling from the Moun- tains, which render it capable of bearinc Corn and feveral forts of Pruit, efpecially in tne Mid- dle Part , as being remoter from the Defarts. Upon one of thefe Rivers Hands the Capital of the Kingdom of the fame Name, a Place not con- temptible and reforted to from the neighbouring Countries. The King here is Ablolute, as in all Eallern Countries:, his People, being fome black, (bmc white, are civilii'd and drive fome Trade -, but their Women and Children arc ftill in com- mon, for they hive fcarceany Religion, like the Ancient O'jr.mi.intcs, of whom it is doubtlefs they ;'i"e A Part. Gaoga, Another Kingdom , North-eaft of Bono , and parted from it ny Defarts, is alio mditferentiy iiipply'd with Water from ibmc Rivers, and the 1 and not altogether unfruitful. The King here is faid to be del'cended from a Black Slave, who after u.uring his Mafter's Effefts, bought Horfes and fell to Robbing, till being grown Powerful, he made himlelf a Sovereign. Some of his Subjefts are Chnftians, but extremely ignorant and much corrupted for want of good IniVrudtions. <' 'I the People of Zabara are generally abfle- miousand patient of Hunger and Thirft,being us'd to endure Hardlhips in a Country where Ibme- times in 8. lO, or izdays Journey, there is no Water to be found. SanJ'on is of Opinion that the People of the three or four firft Delarts here men- tion d towards i!;; Sea, are the Ancient 6Vf;r/( -, and the three or four laft the Caramantes. The Religion of all thefe Countries is generally the Mahometan, except what little of Cnrillianity is faid to remain in Gaogct and Borno. Hiftory of thefe Parts there is none. li-'lfj ' "' ij > '\ ill ^M CHAP. XII. The Kingaom of N U B I A, BY tlie Africans call'd NeHbe, from an An- cient People in thel'e Parts formerly known by the Name of Nitkt, and mention'd by Ptjlcmy, I.ies V-'Qi\ of Citop-i, and Borno, laft mention'd, r.nd feparatcd from them by vail De- I irtp, On the North it Borders on the Defart of I'n-ci and tcyptJ'Torn which 'tis feparated by high iMumitaMis^ Eartward •, and to the South, it is parted from -A'^thicpi.i by the River AV/c, and a Kidi^e of Mountains, .iiid the Defart oi Uorham. The Pofirion is between 30 and 23 Degrees of latitude, and between 38 and 52 of Longitude, the Form being Oblong, and lyiivi} North and tail and Soiuh-well. The principal Rivers are the KUe, the Nubia, and tlie i',).; ■, tlicfe two lail fall into the firft. Of theli the J^'uMa is deeper tha^i tiic iV/Vc, and l<) fatal to tlie Crocodiles, that they certainly die ill a very few fjays after they come intait. All ili;it Part of tlieCoantry which is any thing near the A'//c isoverllow'd by it, as well as tgypt, and I'V tl'.at Means reiider'cl no lels fertile in Grain >(iid I'alhire, as is moft of the Soil about the other Hiversj but towards the South and Weft, where they do not reach it is moft Barren md Defart. Befides the Corn , here grows much Sugar, yet not of any great Value, as being generally black, and of an unpleafant Savour. Other Commodi- ties it affords are, a confiderable Quantity of very fine Gold, Musk, Sanders and Ivory, as having many Elephants. But the moft Mifchievous of its Produftisa Deadly Poifon, fold for an Hundred Ducats an Ounce, and fo fatal, that the loth part of a Grain fills a Man in a Quarter of an Hour 5 and this is a fmall Seed gather'd from the Top of an Herb, not unlike a Nettle. There are in Nubia gieat Numbers of Lionsy Tigers, Crocodiles, and Camels. Great Care ii taken in breeding up thafe laft, as being of ex- cellent life. The Female goes Eleven Months with Young, and as foon as they fall, that they may learn to Kneel, to receive their Burden, they bovf their fore Legs under their Belly, and lay weight on the Back that it may not rife. Thus they keep it feveral Days, with very little Milk, that it may learn to drink little. This Praftice brings them to Kneel, when they are to be loaded and to live feveral Days without Water, which is of F f f great mw 1 'I ii, I WM\ f 198 A'BYSSINIA or urcit life in tlic DirHirt^;, where none is to be fo'iiid. Soiiu'tiinis tlicv imc Uarle\ .nid fomctiines Giafs. TIk- i;i'in;r;il Hiirdcn of a Ciimcl is 500 \V'ci3,Iit , but tiny \vill rarrv icoo f.)r a need. Tlie'Cimd's Milk is reckon 'd an tX'A-lltrnt Ke- mcdv a^ainft the Oropfv. The Dromedaries, are miirh 11,'d to Ride on, and fo fwift that they will Travel above 100 Miles a Day. The Natives livin;; in Towns arc Traders, thofe in tlie (Aiunrry Mnsbandmen. All of tliem are verv black, fmall of Stature, and for tlieinoll part much dcform'd by the Small Vok . wliith they often Iiave two or three Times. 1 he better Sort wear fine I inen,and the I'oorer a courier Sorf,but durinR the liot Seafon they are quite Naked, ex- cept their Privities. They are brave enough, but fieneially better a llorlebaik than a fwt, lyniR very clofe when tiiey ride to the Horfe's Neck. Snice they have taken to Poifoning their Arrows, the Turks do not tare to Attack them. Their Language ii peculiar M the Country. AsforKe- litjion they were Chrirtians, foon after the hrit preathinc of the Ciofpel, and fo continued a long Time without dcviatinji. Ot later Times Alihu- iiietMiifm is crept in amonj; them, cfpecially in the Parts next to F.f^'pt i \ei it does not prevail, Chri- llianitv iViW being the moft receiv'd , but that through lanorance, and for wantol able Inftru fters mucYi corrupted ■, liowever that tliey pio- kC^ to the bcft of tlieir KnowK:,-!^?, r.nd .ickucuV- Kdne the I'atnarcii ol' i^trx.infi.- .1 (t\{ the II.Md of the rhunli. Tliey have a Kin^ of thur uwn, whofe I'owcr i* abfoUite, and Ins VVi!| :ili tlic law, independent of any otlier, and \et 'If 7'/</<: lias the N'anity to mention Inm amont' \\U Suhjeits. The Capital City is Dmc.il.i^ formerly T»mp. //, feated on the AV/r next the Frontiers of ./f:- tuiopiii, containing locjoo lloules, hut tlie Huikl ini;s mean, hawg inoft Timber and .Mud V^',^ll5. Tlie next is Snl.i, to tlie Southward of the laii and oil the fame River, and then Curium the moll Southerly of all, and bevoiid it is the De- fart wliich takes Name from it. A';ii;,;, which fome will have to be the MettofoUs of lSI,il)i,i itands to the North Well of Danv.il.iow a Bow the Nile makes there, and oppofite to it is (in- aha, a fmaller Hlace. J.iLic ib llill nearer to the Frontiers of lifypt. Tiimdmjt is the Principal Town Wellward on thi- River 5/>.i, and D.im.t- clit and Dor.t tlic chiefeft in Nubi* to the Southward. Near the fonrn- of thefe two begins the DefartofXw, extending between it aiut the Sii\i and the Kini^domof Z?i/>7/n. In tiiis Kiiia dom are Hill to be feen the Ruins of above 150 ancieiu Chrillian Churches, with the Images oi our Blelfed Saviour, tlic \'irgiii /'/.»j', and many other Saints carv'd on the Stones. CHAP. XIII. Of Abyflinia, or the Upper i£thiopia. WE Ihalt not extend this Country 14 De- grees beyond the Line, as many Geo- graphers do, but give its true Bounds and Provinces, as deliver'd by the Jejiiits, who travell'd all over them. Ow the North it runs along E^ypt, the Defart ot B.irc.i, and part of Niibia ; on the Weft , the River Mdig, which falls Mito the Nile is its Boundary, with lome De farts in the South Part where this River fails i the Eaft fide is Ihut in by the Coaft of v4k.v. which was once ''abieft to it, but now loft and makes a Province apart •, and the South reaches to that we now call the Empire of Momerm- g/'j of which we Ihall fpeak in its Place. Thus the whole Length from North to South is but 9 Degrees at molt, or 540 Miles, and the Bre.idth from Eaft to Weft about 400 Miles. The moft receiv'd Divifion is this which fol- lows, with the Towns to each Kingdom or Pro- vince, there being many other futiUer Terri- tories mention'd in Authors.which do not deferve any particular mention, wme of them being only parts of thofe fet down, and others ima- ginary, befides fome fo call'd from Strangers that have come to inhabi . them from abroad , and in ftiort, to take notice of all that Authors write touching this Empire, would be endlefs, what can be deliver'd with any certainty, is as follovrs. r Baroa. BarnagafTo. <^^^^^ Tigremahon. Bagamcdri. ^Tigre. \'~haxnmo. ^rtmofia, fManaitla. 'ylmbacanet. t Bagamedrit jAlaz.it, Kpogora. //iuigit. ^Mtfhada, Angole. / Angole. \Doj'ari.o. S Korkora, \,Bugana. fDembea. j Fogora, I Corgona, Dambea, < 4^^;?^- Arfana. Gerieta, Dtpftin, S'Goia, STriebelfa. Cafates, Tavii. Mordnmi, Amahara./y4te/. Xaoa. S Korkora. Damut. < Damut. Fafcalo. KFafcalo. Fat igora. ■^— — — — " . Zitflan. Narea. <tZm'. CGovI. Is RfPcrall ty It be but under a fepa s, I ord rjf extended to t fo tlie f'ront Co.lll of yU, parts it from iiom Niiii.i. F. I'fllci. d C/«>/,;, Dajtl wr may add i VaxX. among 1 Jiiy rotifideral ihcrtfi)rc be fhein. The cl I'lrmerly ofn>i Mailers of th lince then very to the North next tlie South pos'd to have f Queen Candace Is the next, theSoiuhwan', bi.'i.n fail,', ii ' oil the Weft it '■'■•, .Southwar lutheCixift (,r Capital of this but on the Nor K.i\ini:e, fuppo and the Axum, ly fimous, now iiie Crown'd th Plain, water'd tlie midft of th kli Hill, foca Billiop in nyF.thi "'jiluits when 1 1 .iml there they Dav's Journey . imhipon the So •vird of Cujxii two famous iMo Mll'd AUclH],7h, "i:ce the -yejii.rs BarnagafTo i« fol- Pro; Tcrri- ifcrvC being iuu- raiigcrs ' ,;urJ thcVppcr JET MIOPIA. BarnaRalTo Is (!;fncra1lv rcckou'd a Kin^d<im, tho' in reali- ty It be but a part of that of Tip/e, only it is iiiidcr a fcparatcGuvcnioiir call'd /)./>«.'>!«i, that n, lord of tin; Sea, bccaiifo formerly his RuL" extended to tlie Sealide. It reaehcs Northward ro tlie Frontiers of tcypt, on the Fall to the Co.irt of y/ic.v, (1) the South the Kiver /1/<i>-.ifr parts it from ligre, and on the Well the Nik linm l^iilia, /•'. 7f//(i, divides this into three Diflrifts, viz. Cmjilit, PajtI.i, and li.vo.i ', Debat-oa. to which wf mav add B.itr ii.t>i:i^ being the inolt Northern Purt amonR the Mountains. We fliall not find anv foiifiderablc Cities in all Abyfmia, andlliall therefore be tlk' iV.nrter in the Defcription of them. The chiefell in this I'art of it is£.«o.;, formerly of foine Note,w!ien tliei/if^/op/./w; were Mailers of the I'ort of Aqmco on the Red Sea, fincethen very iiici'infidtralile. Next h Em.icen, to the Northward, and then ^aina and /iamn, next tlieSouthern [borders. In this Part is fup- pos'd to have been the Kingdom of the ancient Queen C(W.3fr, nention'd yitti 8, and 27. Tigre, or Tigremafion, Is the next, or rather the fame Kingdom to theSoiuhwan', (epjrated from the lalV, as has Kin fai' 1 the Nortli by the River Mamb ■■, oil the Weil it borders on Damhea and B.igci/ne' .■I'i •, Southward it joins to yingolc, and Eallward totheCoad of j-lbcx. Tigre^ or Ani.cii^ is the Capital of this Kingdom, no way remarkable, but on the Northern 13orders ftands chaxnmo^ or K.ixiiii:o, fupnofed to be tlie j4iixmion of Ptolemy, and the Axnmitcs oi AruWiOt AnxHm.t^ioxmtx- ly famous, now all Rums, ye' 'h^ Emperours iiic Crown'd there, and it is feated in apleafant Plain, water'd by feveral Rivulets. Almoft in the midit of tliis Country {lands t'remon.i^ on a hifji Hill, focaird from.V. fremoHntiiu, the firil fiilliop in ^Etbinpia^imi tlie ufual refideiiceof the '■.Unit! when they were admitted to the Million, ..11(1 there they built &C\\mc\\.yin.bacanct is but a Day's Journey from trcmotiHi and M.ithtdcLi lies JHlhipon the Southern Frontiers. To the North- •vird of Ctjjxiitno, abovc-inention'd , there are iivo famous Monafleries, the greatell of them call'd Allcluj.7h, the other Abbii!,iir:iui^ where ')i;ce the 'Jtjhts refided. Uagamedri, A Kins'.doni csteiidcd mi'Ji in length, lies Soiitli Well oi'Iigrc^ from wliich and Aii^ok-'xt 15 pal teu on the Eall by Mountains, on the Well hy i!ie xV;7(f,by doy.imc on the North, from D:iii,- i'i.:bv the Lake of that Kaine, and Mountains, :'iid on the South it borders on Amharu. On the till iide of it arc tlie greateft Mountains and Kocks, where part of the Nation call'd y^^^- Htmain inhabit. The Capital, of the fame Name, is feated in a (Itiigliiful Plain, on the Banks of the River S:i- 1".', and btais the Name of a Royal Town, be- fiaie the \ iceidy of Tiirc receives a fecond Cruwn, having one before 111 the Place where his Einploymeiit \v;is conferr'd on him. Jlubu is a IxiiU Town, near to which there is a Bridge o- 199 ver the NUt •, Fo^ora another no more condde- rable, ij next the Frontiers of (Toy.ime. Az-uga is in the Northern Part,oii the River Abattcji.,A\\A Mo,:hada, South from that, on a Imailer Stream. Angolc. This Kingdom has been wrefled from that Empire by the barbarous 6'.i/.», who broke in from the Southern Parts, and made themfelvcs Mailers of many c^thioplan Provinces. It lies Eafl of Sagamedri, joins Northward with Tigre, Eallward with D.vikuli, and on the South the Kingdom ot AmiliJi.t. The Capital here bears the fame Name with the Kingdom •, Doj'a>z.o, not far from the Frontiers of Tigre is reckon'd to contain \cxx> Houfes^ Korkorais not fo confi- derable. Bugmn or Abupamt on the Weft was once famous for a good Church in it, call'd Im- bre Chriflesy befidcs feveral others of lefs Note. Dambea, or Dembea, Has thcRivei ;..-,? to part it on the Ead f\o\nl igtc -J fume AK.-itains on the Weft •, Se/t and Oi^.tra are on th ■ North, and B^tgimtdrp on the South. Sever l Trenches drawn from the Nile run cr<'' u, and in the midll is a great Lake, call" ' thr-Deinbea, that is. The Sea of Dembe.t. lue Capit'l cailu alfo Dembci^ or Z.i»:be,i, is generally ilie Refidence of the Em- ^crout(i-omNii-,rnibc> t\\\ Fa/icr, for the reft of the Yeai he liv .^ in ihc Field. About this there are feveral fuiall Towns, as Arfana, Ciogn.^ Pno^o- ra, Aftit!, UMictitj And Gcrgotiii. This Country is for the moll part level , and often over- flown by the Lakes and Rivers, wliith is rare in other Parts of tAithiopia. Corgotia above-na- med, is 3 Miles from the ancient lov/nofthat Name, being the Center of D.imbci, and was once the Refidence of the Jefiiits to be near the Emperour, and here they built a Church and Seininarv. About 50 Miles from itiiOamtade Jcfiis, that is, the Paradile of yESVS, feated on a low Ground, which is rare in this Empire, plentifully ilipply'd with Water, and in it a Churcli, where the Emperours have been buried for ibme Ages. Here t. I'm:, built a Church and a Palace for the Emperour after the Eurtpe- nn manner. Dep\.m ftands on a Hill, ? Miles from the Lake of Dembea, where the Emprefs us'd to refide i apleafant Place, water d by two Rivers which join there-, the Air ferene and ■wholefome. Mount D.wCiUion is on the utmoft Part of Dembci, and on the top of it a Plain, where the Emperour continued a long time with all his Court, and there was built a Houfe after the manner of Europe for the Patriarch, and another for the jcjnits. There was befides, an old Church call'd Cah.bi'iriet, and 9000 Huts built of Stone, and cover'd with Thatch, for the Soldiers. Op- oolite to it is another Mountain extraordinary '^•ep, whither the Natives ufe to Hy when at- tack'd by their Enemies, and on the baft Side of it isthe Mouailery of the Abbot Enfi.uhiiis. The Illand /l-'.Tf'fti, or yl'/artofcj is another fafe Place of Retreat for the Natives, and in it the famous Monaftery of the Abbot Hjymort. The Lake of Dumbea is very large, and contains fe; vcralUlands, with Monaftenes in fome of them. The Nil( rrms trofs a part of it williout mixing F f f 2 its -a H'^K m n '■A 200 J'BrSSIN lA or w its Waters. In it there are River Horfes, bit no Crocodiles. In thelfland Dec on this Lake, the Patriarch Mendez. baptix'd 1400 ChiUlrcii, and 1340 F. -fens of riper Age. Goyame. This Kingdom is South of Ddmhca, the Figure of it almolt Oval, and a Fenindila made by the iV7/f running alnioil round it, the middle of it higher than the extreme fides, partly inhabited by a Race of i'eople defcendcd from Hagar, next the Springs of the River Nile •, at the Neck or ifthmus is averylleepand almoft inacceflible Mountain, and on the top of it an oval Plain 250 Fathom in Length, and 130 in Breadth, to wl)icli there arc two Paths or Afcentsacrofsthe Rorks, and an excellent Spring on one fide. To- wards the Nik chere is a Plain feparated from the foot of this Mountain by a natural Trench, where the \'iceroy livcj. Nebifj't is a remarka- ble Town Iiere, in which the Emprefs Helena, Governefs to the Emperor D.tviA, ercflcd a (late- ly Church, afterwards deftroy'd by X.\k Galas, and rebuilt by the yefuits refidint^ there, they ha- ving had feveral places of Abode in this King- dom. On the North there is norlnng but De- fart Mountains-, but liime fay 'tis inhabited by Jews. Other Towns here, are Cafaies, Tavia, and Maraiima. This Kingdom TeHcz. will have to be the Meroe of the Ancients. Amahara Borders Northward on Bt^aweJn' and j4?ie,ole, Welhvard on Gey.ime, Eaftward on the i^rovin- ces of Dankali, and Southward on Oleka and Xan.i. The Rock' are here more fteep and inac- ceflible than in otiicr Parts:, but the moft noted of them, call'd Ambiqiiexeti and not jimahara, as fome Authors pretend, is towards the Fron- tiers of AV//;,7, only acceflible by two narrow and difficult Paths, and here formerly the Emperour's Sons were kept, to prevent their raifing any Commotions, which is now no longer us'd. The V^oiikTahai At.iria ii alfo remarkable, ftanding where tlie River Quea falls into the Nile, has a curious Plain on the top,water'd by two Rivulets, and endos'd by a Ridge of Mountains, with 12 Paffages through it, like fo many Gates. On it are feven Churches, the chiefeft of the Invocati- on of S. John, and in it five Tombs of former Ein- xrours buncd there. The moft remarkable n in this Kingdom la call'd yi^c/. Xaoa, Divided into tlie Upper and the Lower, lies South of Amahara, Eail of Gafata, North of Ux- tlo and Gmtti, anJ VVcft of Oiface, It is the lall Kingdom this way that now owns the Em- perotir ol yihy^inia. Here are feveral Towns, out fcarce any of Note, unleis it be Kerkora. where there is a Palace of the Emperor'^, a good Church, and a rich Monailery, cail'd Nai^areth. Damut Borders Northwards on Gafatc, Southward on Oi!ras,ite, Eaftward on O'iWfc, andWellward on Niiyea and Bii.ai/10. In it is tliat they call the D&id Moant:iin, the higheft and coldeft in ? all Abyfflnia, to which the Emperour fends thofe he has a Mind to be rid of, where thev arefoon ftarv'd with Hunger and Cold. In tliis Kini'- dom the Jefuits had two Refidences. Of tlie Towns here there is very little to be faid, except that the Capital is of the fame Name of the Kingdom. Fafcalo, An Inland Weftern Kingdom, has the River Nile on the Eaft, the Maleg on the Weft, Nubia on the Nortli, and Bij.amo on the South. The Metropolis bears the fame Name, the Country is very mountainous and uneven, but about the Nile there are ple.ifant and fruitful Valleys which is the moft we know of this Country. ' Fategar Is a fmall Kingdom bordering upon B.illi Oi- fate, O.vi7o, and Gtmira, what it may have been formerly does not appear, at prcfent there is nothing in it remarkable, except that they call, The Mountain of the Fever, near a Place the F.ii- ropea/is nam'd the Market, becaufe thither the Merchants of thofe Neighbouring Kingdoms re- fort to Trade, there being a very narrow Way to it on each tide. There ;s another, call'd, The Mountain of the Lake, becaufe at the Ftwt of it is a Lake three Leagues in Compafs, and about it many Monaftcries and Churches. Narea, orNerea, One of the largeft of all the Kingdoms in A- b\ffinia, and the moft Southern, extending to 8 Degrees of North Latitude, has the Kingdom of Giimro on the Soutl., 6'«»-i»^/(f and D.inmt on the Eaft, Biz.amo on the North, and the Defarts on the Weft. This Kingdom produces great Plenty of Gold, and has ever been faithful to the Em- perour, tho' often attack'd by theO'i/,;/. It had once a King of its own, and the Natives are counted tlie beft People in all the Empire, as being finc';re [and juft, which the others are not. Thefe are the true Parts of the Ab\fme Em- pire, which we may rely on , as being thus de- fcrib'd by the Jejmts who travell'd the greateft part of it, whom we rather chofc to follow, than Geographers who fit at home and make Maps ac^- cording to their Fanfie, or LWu/pW, who knew nothing but by hearfay from an AhyUinim he talk'd with, and a Man that had no knowlecl-;e of Geography, for this reafon we omit manj^ Names of Provinces and Kingdoms, fome of them imaginary, others only Parts of thofe here dc- fcrib'd, which if infected, would rather ferve to confound than inform the Reader, Having had occafion fometimes to mention the Galas^ it will not be amifs to inform the Rea- der that they are a People fuppos'd to be defcend- cd from the Jews, who w.ixiring in their t'eve- ral Difperfioiis under 5<»/w»«.j/.jr, Nebiiihadr:et- 7.ar,sin(iritns, at lall I'ettled near the Kingdon of Dunkali, on the Weftern Part of AbyJ/miu, and are become the moft dangerous Enemies that Emperour lias, h|iving \vrefted from him a con- fiderable Part of his Emp 're. The y/.,./;, ano- ther Nation, were not long fince Pagans, but many afterwards were converted by the )ej'mt>. At their firft coming into the Cumtry, tli: Em- pcv the Vpper yETHlOT I J. 26 1 pcroiir affign'd one part of them Lands next the fource of Nile, and the others among the Moun- tains of Bagitinedri^ where they are ftill become troubkfome and apt to ftir up others to Rebellion. Having defcrib'd every Province in particular, it is time to add what may be requifite of the whole Country in general. Pliny fays it was firft caU'd t/£theria and j4tLtntia^ and afterwards by the Grecians tySthiopia, from their Verb Jiitho to Rum, and Ops a Countenance, alluding to the black fcorch'd Countenances of the Natives. The Name of Aby'/mia fome derive from the jibafeni, or u4b)fmi, a People of Arabia Felix, who croflint^the Red Sea, fettled there. F. Men- dcz. from Strabo, fays it is fo call'd from v4- bajfcs, fignifying Defarts in the Egyptian Tongue, becaufe it is encompaffed by them. The Scri- ptuie calls it Ludim, from Liid the Son of Mix.- raim, wh", firft planted it. The principal Rivers oiAbyfinta. i.The Nile, whole Original fo carefully fearth'd for, and fo utterly unknown to the Ancients, is now found by the Jefiiits to be two fmall Springs in the Weft pare of the Kingdom of Goyame, where the People call'd A/^aus inhabit. Thefe two Springs run feparare about a Musket Shot, ana then join, then having run about ij leagues, it re- ceives the Gema, foon after which it turns to the Eaft', then to the Southward, running acrofs the Lake of Dembea without mixing its Waters, thence theCourfeis South Eaft along the King- doms of Beg.imeder, Amora, and Oleia, then again it winds to the Weft, and laftly to the North, fo that it makes an Oval Peninfula, rot above a Da\'s Journey over at the Ifth- mus. After this it continues its Courfe , tho' with many great windings to the North , till it comes into Fgypt , and thence into the Mediterrnnccin. The Catarafts of Nile are migh- ty full of the Water from high Rocks into the Bottoms, with a dreadful Noil'e. i. The Tacaz.ey fuppos'd to be the Aflaboras of Ptolemy, riling in Ai'f^ole, and after great Windings, firft Eaft and then North, then Weft, and then North again, pays Tribute to the Nile. 3. The Aiarab comes from tlie Coaft of Abcx. and runs moft North Wtft, through Tigre ano other Northern Pro- vinces into liicaz.e, 4. The Alatrg rifes in Da- vnit , and after a Courfe of fome Leagues to the Wcftward, turns Northward in l-Lire.t, waters Briz.iinw and Fajcalo W cftward of the Nile, and laftly loles it fell in that River.^.T he Haoaxe comes from y/.'d, and paftes through tatcgar and BMU Eaftward to the Red Sea. Others lefs remark- able, are E.txilo,Qiiciaii.,Ciamar:iM\i\ Obe,'A\\ fal- ling into t!'C A;/f, Mailji into the /idfl.uf, and Aiiqmt inio the AUiIcj:. The Mountains here as far exceed the Alps^ndi TyytiuMis in Fnrvpc as thefe do common Hills. Ill the Kirgdom of 7;iif is that call'd Limal- ;'■■««, esci'llwe high, and the way over it extra- ordinary :'arrow aud dangerous. Ainahara and Sai.i)i,\xc not inferior to the laft, and in ftiort, all the Country is full ot them, except the Pro- vince ot lUfrhi-i, which islur the molt part Plain. Many of :! e'e iMountains !iave Plains on the tops, to which the Men mount with Ladders, and diaw lip the Cattel with Cords. Moft of the Eoitcms are hot, but the Hills rn( 1, which is the Reaion that they are all in- halittd, tho almoft inaccelliblc. The Ihmider ard Li^htnin^is molt dreadtu', and the Rain at thofe times does not fall in Drops, but in Streams. The Seafons do not anfvver to ours, tho' on thii fide the Line their Spring anfwers to our Am- f.iifi ; their Summer to our Winter •, their fecond Summer, for it cannot be call'd Autumn, to our Spring, and their Winter to our Summer. That there is Gold in Abyfflnia is moft certain, fome Provinces paying their Tribute to the Em- perour in that they find among the Sands. It is likely there are other Metals, but the Na- tives know not how to find or work the Veini. In Tigre and Angole there are Rocks of Salt, which they dig, and carry all about the Coun- try. All forts of Grain yield a prodigious In- creafe, for they hive three Crops in a Year, and bcfides all thofe known in Europe, they have a fmall fort call'd Tef, which, makes good Bread. Nor is there lefs plenty of Grafs, or of all o- doriferous, ufeful or Medicinal Plants found in Europe, bcfides many that are utterly unknown to us. The Kine grow toa prodigious Bulk, and the Horfes extraordinary fwift, yet they generally travel on Mules, taught to Pace, Camels being on- ly us'd to crofs liindy Plains, becaufe they en- dure the Heat, but not the uony Ways. The Elephants go in great Droves, making dread- ful havock in the Woods. Here is another Beaft much taller than an Elephant, tho' not fo corpu- lent the Legs being fo long tn»t a Man may pafs under its Belly without ftooping, the Neck pro- portionable to reach down to the Grounci to graze. This they call CjV.iMc.icfcew, and is like- ly the Struthit-Camelns mention'd in ancient Au- thors. Another the PortHguejcs call a wild Afs, becaufe it has Ears like it, deferves not the Name on any other accourl. being as big as a Mule, flick and well ftiap'd, out (o curioufly and exaft- ly cover'd with black and grey Streaks acrofs the Back, from the Neck to tlie Tail, that no- thing can be done more exaft with a Pencil. Bc- fides thefe, there are Tigers, Lions, Wolves, Leo- pards, Foxes, Monkeys, Cat a Mounts, Civet- Cats, Hares, Rabbits, and all other forts of Creatures. The Rivers have River-Horfes , thought to be the Behemoth in "job. Crocodiles, Water- Lizards,e-f. And the Air all forts of Birds, great variety of Infefts, and infinite Swarms of Bees. The Natives arc generally peaceable among theml'elves, and if any Quarrels happen, they fel- dom go beyond Culfi, and thefe Controverfies are always decided by Umpires they chufc thcmfelves. The People of the Kingdom of N:f rc.i excel all the left in VVit,Generohty,Courage, and all other X'irtues •, yet they are generally curious, and love to learn , but the Nativ.-s of Tigre are for the moft part Inconftant, Perfidi- ous, Cruel and Revengeful. T hey are all in ge- neral handfomer than the other Ibrtsof Blacks, differing in nothing from the F.iiropeaHs but in Colour, fome of them Jcat Black, others Tawny, and others of an Olive-Qilour, which they va- lue moft. Bcfides fome are of a decpifti Red, and others of a difagreeable yellow Hue. They are Aftive, good at climbing Rocks, Healthy, and Long-Livd. The W omen are Vigorous, and frequently De- liver themfcives without help, and bear Children, as appears by the great multitude of People. The common fort wear only Breeches, and a piece of Cl«th wrapp'd about them, which is all trie Bed- Gloaths '■S •i''\\. J.'4^' M' ■\ ¥ \ vl 202, Cloaths they Iiave a; Night, lying on a Hide. Tliofe who are better to pafs have a li^ht Gar- iticnt or Sliirt, for it (crves for both, buttoiitl down before. Both Men and Women wear long Hair, and that always anointed with Butter. The prevailing, and a« we mav fay, eftablilird Religion of ex£r/j/op/^, is the Chriftiaii, which was firft brought in by the Eunuch of Queen Catidace, who was Baptiz'd by Philip, as is de- clar'd intheAif^s of the ApolUes, but could not fpread much, nor did it long after, till in t!ie 4th Century X. AthMafms, Patriarch of Alex.iii- M-i^, fent S. Friimentiiis [thither, who ci>nverted the greatell part of the Nation, and from his time there has always been a vaft ^number of Monks or Religious M-;n throughout the Em- pire, as there is at this Day. But as to their particular Opinions, they are EHtychians, con- founding tlie two Natures inJES'OS CHRIST, befides feveral other wild Tenets crept in among tliem tln-ough Ignorance, wliich was fo great, that they had feveral wavs of bapti/.ing tlieir Children, aiidall of them far from tl;e riglir. Be- fides they Circumcife both Males and Icinalcs, forbear Swines Flelh, keep thcSabbatli, and have many more JennJ/j Obfervations, which, tlio' they pretend to be only ancient Cuftoms , and not perforin'd on any Relip,ious Account, yet iavour too much of liife<ftion. Befides tlie Chriltiaiis, here are alfo great Numbers of Jews, AiJjone- tans, and i'agans. Th.e ancient Language of jihyffiina is that they call Lefihaaa Cccz., or the Tongue of the 'King- dom of Ctti, and this i« the Language tlicy generally write in, buing very like the yi'.'/'/c^, and feems to flow from it. At Court tlie com- mon Language fpoken is tliat of AnnilMr.i, and moft other Provinces have their particular Dia- lefts. The Jcvps have a peculiar Tongue among thcmfelves. Thattliis is the Country of the much talk'dof Trcfler''Johii, has been very obftinaiely defend- ed by ii)uic, and is politively contradicted by o- tilers, with very good'Uealbn, tho' the Contro- vtrly in it felf is of no great Moment, the ground whereof feeins to ht thus. There was an ancient Race of Chriftiaii Princes in the Kingdom of Te/itiiic in the Proper Tartary, who as we Iiave already faid in our account of T^r- I try, bore the Appellation of Prtfler or Presbyter 'John, as he was corruptly call'd [by the tnro- pe.ms, A Name deriv'd from the firft of them. the Cuajl of whofe proper Name was V>if.-Ckm, to whicli tlic Epithet of Prefiigiani, which lignified Apoftoli- cal or Orthodox, was added, either by his own Command, or by the Compliment of his SubjeiJts, which being handed to us was corrupted, as we have faid, to Preflerjohn, and fupnos'd tomean that he was fo call'd as being Priell as well as King. The Fame of this Prince being great in Europe, Peter Covillan (who, as we Tiave t(jld you in our Account of the Difcovery of India, was fent over-Landby Jo/w theid. King of Pfl;- tiigal) made enquiry after him in India^\xi heard of no fucli Prince tlicre •, however, being inform'd that there was a potent Chriftian Prince in yJ- jrica he took his Court in his way home, and was fo kindly treated there, that he concluded this muft be the famous Prefltr John fo much talk'd of, and accordingly brought that Name Iioinc, which has ever fnicc remain'd in Europe. Thcfe People call a King, Niigne, andtheir Km- perour, ]^^::gHa Nagiifla , that is King of Kings, As to their ancient Hiftory, it is very uncertain, little Learning having ever been among them, yet they pretend the Queen ot Sheha was their Sovereign, that Salomon j^ot her with Chilcl, and from that Son their preleiit Emperours are de- fctiided. Queen Candace k mcntioii'd inthe/!o- inan Hiftory on account of the War made upon Egypt in yliigiijhts'i, Reign, but bein;; rcpulied, and a Roman Garrifon planted on the Confines, we Lear no more of the lyEtbiopiavs till the Portngiiefcs vifited their Country. In the Year \)i^vChriJhpher de (jama was fent into yliiyj'- /inia by the King of Portugal with 4 or 5CO Men to the afliftance of the Emperour David, who was much diftrefs'd by the A fahometaii King <j( Zeilan, and the '['iirks. David was tlieii newly dead, and C/.Wfi/m had fucceeded him, who with this new Reinforcement gain'd twoVidtorieso- ver his Enemies, but the Porti.'guejh being at laft moft of th.-m cut off in a tliird Engage- ment, the Affairs of the yU'0niant dccliu'd, and in fliort, the Turks have taken from tliem all the Sea Co(<//, and the barbarous 0'.//iij the better half of the Inland Country. When the Porta- g/iej'es undertook to aflift the Abyfflmans., they alfo fent Learned Men to inftruft them in the Roman Catholick Religion, whom the Natives cherirti'd for fome time , bu' afterwards they put to Death or cxpell'd the Miftioncrs, chufing rather to adhere to their old Rites than fubmil to them of that Church. CHAP. XIV. The Coaft of Zanguebar , including Alan and Abex. TH E Coaft of Ahex is a narrow flip of Land running along the Red Sea, from the South Frontiers of Ec^ft to the Straight of liibcl-Atandel, It was all formerly fibjccl to theEmperour of tAithiopia, Imt at pre- lent to the Turk, by whom it has uecn Conqucf'd *b(we 100 Years, by which means the AbyJJini- ans .'.re cjuite lliut up from the Red Sea. tlic Mahoiiittans being poffefs'dof all the Coalt and Ports in it. Tlie principal i'laccs here arc the Town and P'-Ht of Sitaqnem, in the Province of Vanjila^ in about 18 Decrees 4 Minutes of North La- titude, andoppolite to it, at afmall diilance, is a fmall Illand of the fame Name. Southward of it is tlie i'ort of Arquico, or Ercoco, the yi- dida of the Ancients, in about 15 Degrees and Iialf Latitude, and oppolite to another little I- lland call'd Mauta. Tlie other Towns alon^ this Coaft, are Dtgibeldara, DegibeUora , and f^eila. Aiaata Ifland, abcwementioii'd, is dangerous of accefs, cfpecially when the Wind blows at South. The Natives ot it are reckon'd good Soldiers, arc r.i'e doatli'd ever kept r! 1 1, about zc Hlaud large wattT'd, he; vet being vt but abundai B:n-K'v aii<l I whereof tlie The iVopk- Enemies to ' natur'd to S lobbing Afa. Their I angt tlicm ; they wrap a pieci Prince is So\ iiig ifiands, ; ans, the reft Tlie IfiaiK the Mouth o The Gate of I'he IJland oj i]recs 50 Mil bout 4 or 5 (irafs nor T long contend tydeftroy'd ; It has ni;ver All abmg i tlecp, craggv pairige into , ^iieni, and ev there is no T a Day. The ( ren, yet abon Slid Deer. T aiKJ A.abs.^ C(>:ift of All, Lhe yli-abs that is, the t Mecca, from runs up betw parting thefe Mouth of it i (.iiinrdafu in , wliich arc 60 Maiidel above two others i( Length of ihi to .irtc:., wher contcft lias be the Red Sea, Red Sands, oi from King /■ more certain tl the Son of Jja. the Land of £ Word in ;/(/;;( (■ireeks trail (la t MareRubrKU!^. The Coaft o( we include un bar begins at iiiid running H Degrees Latitu V\eft till it c< parted by the properly fo c •kingdoms of _ ««*', and tht ZA'NGVE'BAK, lo; ■ii'e cloatlrd ill Cotton, or Silk, and the Women tvor kept rloie till Married. DiLic.iy or D,ila- 1 1, aho'jt io l,ras;ues Scath of A-t:tui:i, another llland larj^er than either of the other-i, well wattT'd, healthy, and therclore well Peopled ^ vet bcint; vci V Rmky, yi'^Ws "I^^ much Corn , hut ahundance of Palhue. T' >. Natives have BiirK'vaiid Honey fromihe Continent •, for Filh, whereof tliey take I'lentv, as alfo fome I-*earls. The I'eoplc are Black, Courageous, and Ivvorn Enemies to the Turks ., ill look 'd, and no better tiatur'd to Stranj^ers, and all of tlicm Pirates, robbinp, Afdwmtttinsy'jenn^ and Chnl'ians alike. Their 1 anguagc differs from all others about them •, xhvj go naked down to the V\ alte, and wrap a piece of Calico about the relh Their Prince is Sovereip.n over fome other Neighbour- ing Iflands, and moll of tliem j^by///nr Chrifti- ans, the reft M.ihoinct.Dn of tlie Scft of //;//. The Ifland of liabel-Maiiilel lies direftly in the Mouth of the Red Sea. The Name fignifies, TheGateof Affliftion, and was formerly calla 'tht I/Lind of Diodnrm. It lies about 12 De- 5rccs 50 Minutes of North Latitude, and is a- 6out 4 or 5 Miles in Compafs, bearing neither Orafs nor Trees. The ylmbs and AbyffiiiKms long contended for it, till the A^/w^w/b utter- ly deftroy'd all that was on it, fince which time it has never been Peopled. All aloni; this Coaft of ylbexxwma. ridge of iieep, craggy Mountains, fo that there is no pallage into Ab)ffii:::i but by Aiqitico and Siui- qiiein^ and even there tlie Road is fo bad that there is no Travelhng above four or five Miles a Day. The Country is generally dry and bar- ren, v^t abounds with Ij jns. Tigers, Elephants Slid Deer. The Inliabitants are Blacks, Turks^ and j4r,ib!, and drive a Trade with the oppofitc Coaft of Aiahia. The v-/i lit ( call the Red Sea Bahax^Queii.iimy that is, the dry Sea •, others the Streights of Mecca, from that famous City in Arabia. It runs up between the Coafts of Afr'uk and Afia^ parting thefe two Quarters of tlie World. The Mouth of it is forin'd by the two famous Capes, (.iiimciaJH in AJrick, and Fartuijiie in Aiabiii, wliich are 60 Leagues alimder, the llland B.ibel- /./.w,W above fpoken of lying diredly between two otiicrs 100 leagues Irom thole above. The Lengtii of this Sea from the Mouth now defcrib'd to bi<c-^, where it ends, is 500 Leagues. Much conteft has been about the reaion ot calling this the Red Sea, fome preiending it was from the Red Sands, others troin Red Coral, and others from King trythriis^ wliereas tliere is nothing more certain than that it was lo call'd from Ejau, the Son of T/.i./r, otherwiie nam'd i.^cw, whence the Land of ttlom aiui this Sea of Edo/iiy which Word in yA/jmr fignities Red, and tins thefirft iirccks tranllated t.yytbyc.', from them the Latins, AfMeRnbrum^Aud lo tlie Red Sea in all Languages. The Coaft ol Aia/i being the Iccond Part of wTiat we include under the general Name of Z.wgnc- h'lr, begins at the Streight of liubel-Aiaiitidy and running Eaftward to Cape (iiuidifii in 11 Degrees Latitude, tiiere it turns away to South- Well till it comes to the Eiiuator, where it is parted by the River i^/»'/«<»wti« txwn ZM^uebitr^ properly fo cali'd. Aian is dwided into the Kmgdoins of Actel, or Zeila, Adea, and A1jj;^.i- ««*•', and thf Kepublick of Br.n'j. The Kingdom of Adtl, or Zeit.i, fo cali'd frorrt the two mofl: confiderable Cities in it has the Mouth of the Red Sea on the North, part of the Coaft of ^i»f.v and of Aby^uia on the Weft ^ the Kingdom o( Adea on the South, and the Indian Ocean on the Eaft. The Side from Abcx to Cape C'li.iid.tfit is about icx) Leagues , and the other from that Cape to the Frontiers ofAdc-iihovsyo: Add, the Capital City, lies up the Inland in about 9 Degrees of Latitude, not much reforted to by our Travellers, and confequently little known, AUnm, or Affion is on the Indian Sea^ plentifully fupply'd with all forts of Provifions, yet little frequented by Ships, becaufe it wants a Harbour. Cape Gu.irdafu is to the Northward ill 12 Degrees and a half Latitude, thought to be the Aromata o{ Ptolemy. To the Weft ward of the Cape are Salir, formerly yWo^/w, then Bar- bora, Afcth. and laftly , ZeiU, one of the beft Towns in the Country, feated on a Bay, with- out the Streight of Eabel-Aiandel, and forming a good Harbour. It is very populous, the Streets haiidfom, and the Buildings of Lime and Stone. This Kingdom has fcarcc any Mountains, and tho" it has little Rain, yet it is very frHitful,as be- ing water'd by feveral Rivers. One of thefe cali'd tJavafch comes oatof AbyJ^nia, but cannot finifti its Courfe to the Sea, by Reafon it is all drein'd away by the many Trenches the Country People draw from it to water their Land, which produ- ces fo much Wheat, Barley and Millet, that it fupplies other Neighbouring Countries. Here are Sheep, whofe Tails weigh 25 Pounds ; and Cows with Horns like Deer •, aiid others with only one Horn. Befides Grain a/d Cattel, this Kingdom affords Gold, Ivory, Frankincenfe, Pepper and Slaves. The King and !\]\hhS\ih]eC{siieMaho»:etanSf and he is reckon'd a Saint by the Tiirlis, for ma- king War on the Abyfflnians. The Natives arc either white or tawny, and wear Calico from their Wafte downward, the Reft of the Body naked. They are good Soldiers and Buy all their Arms of the Turks and Arabs. The Kingdom of Adea has Add on the North, Oyiai. Kingdom o( lAithitpia on the Weft j Ma- gadoxa on the South, and the Indian Sea on the Eaft. The Principal Towns in it &ie Zachct in Inland Place Welt ward •, MigiaU more to the Eaftward, and Bendd, the only Sea- Port, all this Kingdom lying up the Land, and towards the Back of A4agadox.t, Orgabra lies to the South- ward of the others. The King and Natives are Alabonietansy but the Lordlliipof OVrtwif. which lies next (<Aithiopia,\s moft inhabited by Idolaters, aiKJ hence lally'd a People, who broke into Abyf- Jinia, and made great Conqucfts there. Alagadoxa is hemm'd in on the North and Wefl by the Kihgdom of Adea ; to the Eaftward it lies along the Indian Ocean, and on the South has the Republick of Brava. being a narrow Domi- nion along the Sea Coaft, much traded to front Camkiya and Aden. The King is a Alahometarti and all his Subjefts fpcak Ar.ibick, tho' there be White, Tawny, and Black. In their Wars they ufc poifon'd Arrows. The Country abounds in Pa^ fture. Barky, and Fruit. Brava, is a confiderable Town, almoft under tlie Equator, betwixt two Branches of the River (^dmanca, WalI'd and Built after the Adotfijh manner. The Inhabitants are rich Merchants, trading in Qold, Silver, Silks, &c. This is iti all MkelihtMO ■ i''^f 11 \f«\\ I m m K'"''! At ill i04-- 7 he Coa/l of likelihood the only- Commonwealth in all Ajrick, the Government ArillocratirAl , the Inhabitants rhoofing izXcqiies, out of the Ancienteft of cer- tain AiitbiMi I'iunilics, which are the OfFsprint; of 7 Brothers A:il/.<, who fled thitlier fvom the Tyrannv of the Kinj^s of Lnc.ih. Much Amber- greece is found upon this Coaft. The City was by the rortngntja: call'd Rurraboa , tliat is, the GofKl Bar, bccaufe there is good Accefs to it from the Sea. Before we Ica-c the Coaft of Ai.vi^ we muft not omit to (iiy fomcthing of the famous Illand Zoco- tora. riiiiy and Ptolemy call it the illand of Di- ofiorides, and it lies in 12 Degrees I atitudc, due Weft from Cape 6>.r'Y/r;/«,being about 25 Leagues in Length, and 18 over in the wideft Place. About it there is gooc! Andioring in deep V^'ater, be- fides two liirficient Harbours call'd ('ora and Boiiu. There is but one Town in it, where the Xe^iie refidcs, befides fcveral fcatter'd Dwellings about. The great Prodiift here is the Aloes, which being the beft in the World, has given Occafion to the Name of yllof Succotriint, corruptly for Zocoto- rina. Here is alfo Dragon's Blood, wliich is the Gum of a Tree the hidia/is call Bcr. The Inha- bitants are eiilicr Ar.ib', or Natives, call'd by thofe others Bcdiiincs^ that is, brutal, ilupid Peo- ple, or Mongrels, between Bcditims ancl ^rabs. As for thefe laft, they are like the Reft of their Nations •, the .Mongrels arc generally deformed, and little regarded. The true Hcdiimcs hate the yirabs, are white and Well-lhap'd, but Bale, Cow- ardly and Slothful, and think it a Crime to cut tiieir Hair or Beard. They feed on Milk, Butter, Dates and Flelh. Their Habit is a (brt of Stulf made of Goats Hair, which they wrap about their Walle, and a long Cloak ■ .'er their Shoulders hanging down to their H;.. is. As to Religion, they are Idolaters, and pay tlieir principal^ Ado- ration to the Moon •, but the greateli- part of thofe who ever converfed with the Ar.ibs^ are become /Jf.il;oi»cta>!s, Line, and having (iime fmall Extent alons; tlie Coaft. The Capital City bears tlie lame Name featcd in the I'laineftof a Rocky Coait, euioin-' pafs'd with Ortliards, l^ilm-Trees and Woods ^,^■ Frnit-Trees ■■, the Buildings fightly, the Country well ftor'd with Cattel, the Natives Pai;;ins, of Colour I'wartliy, andftrongof Body^ tlie vVo- meii agreeable, and clo.uh'd from the W'afte down in Silk or Calico, and Neils witli Gold Laces on their Heads. The G/c.i'-.f Merchants Trade iiere and in return lor their Spice, Silks and Calicoes* carry back Gold, Ivory, Ambergreeceand Wax! The King is a M.ihomct-.iri^ and is ferv'cl in great State ana Splendor. The PornigHcJe, at tlieir hrll coming into Jmiiti eftablilli'd a lafting Peace with this Prince, whicli has been generally well ob- ferv'd, and by virtue of it the Chriftiaiis have free Exercife of their Religion in feveral Cliurclies. Next follows Afo>ih.iz.,i, another Kingdom, the City ilanding in an Illand, is Beautiful and Strong, and before it a large Bay capable of holding of many Ships. The Portiigiicjcs made theinrc?ves Zanguebar, Properly To call'd from the Arabich Z.mgne, Black, is thought to be the fame Ptolemy names ^giftmbci , reacning from the River Qnilmanci, above mention'd, which parts it from the Coaft oi Aian^ to the River of Ciiama, dividing it from the Coaft ot the Giftci, in 18 Degrees of South latitude. The Weft Side of it running along the T^wer ^^ihiopi,]^ and the Ealt along the Indian Ocean. ■ This great Length of 18 Degrees, or rc8o MiVes has no proportionable Breadth, wliich 111 the wideft Place is not above 300 Miles, and iiuah kls in others. failing, the Line to the Southward , the firft PLites we meet with are f^j/f and Lamo^ both on the Coaft, which are two fmall Principalities.The firrt a l.'irgfe City , wctt built, and has a good Harbour ^ the latter not fo Large, but wall d, and thi^ Refidenccof another Al.ihumetan Prince. Suiii.^ didicit and A»ipui.4 , are three other in- coiifiderable States, dofc by tlie former, and to one another ■■, of all which there is fcarcc any more to fay, but tliat in the Hourilliing Times of the Pmiiigficjisj they were Tributary to them, and have iincc caft olf their Yoke. The Kiitgdomof Melinde is next to the South- ward, iti'oEC confiderable than all thofe above, *% extcudWg back behind them up to the Mafters of this Place and held it many Years, but were at laft expell'd by tiic Moorsy who for their greater Security, put themlelves under the Pro- tection of the Turks. Qiiilo.i, is another City and Kingdom, ftili to theSouthward , taking its Name from a little Ifland near the Continent, at the Mouth of tlie River Cwive. The City is in the Illand ■, the Buildings handlbm, after theSpmiJh Falliion, (e- veral Stories high, witli a Garden to each. There is another City on the Continent, call'd Old Ok,. loa. TlKALilii/meiMi Prince, who reii^u'd there was very Potent, before the Portiit^atjcs made themfelves Mafters ol that Coaft , for his Domi- nions extended 250 l.eagaes^ but in the Year 1505, FfMias de Almeyda took the City , and inade all the Kiiiijdom Tributary to Portita^.il -^ howevei* of late Years they have loft all their Power 111 thwfe Parts. Tlie Sea yields great Store of Filh, and the Land abounds in Cattel, and all forts "f Kowl. The People are Clad lome after the Ar ■ blan , others according to the t'urktjh Mar wearing rich Cloth of Gold, Silks and Calico with Turbants of the fame. The Women wt Gold Chains about their Arms and A.ncles, and rich Pendants. In Mourning for their Kindred, they lay afidc aH their Coftly Ornaments. The Language generally Spoken is Aywiik ; moft of them are ALihometiWs, the Reft Pagans, or A- theifts. A'loz..tmbi/iiic City and Kingdom is in about rj Degrees of South Latitude. The Land bears much Rice, and other Grain, as alio Oranges and Li mons. Here are vaft Numbers of Wild Beafts, but particularly fo many Elephants , that they have much Difficulty to keep them out of the Com Fields, and the People dare hardly go far with- out Firebrands in their Hands to fright them. The Blacks here have frizly Hair and thick Lips, going naked, only their Privities cover'd with a Clout, or the Bark of a Tree, painting the rcll of their Bodies of leveral Colours , and boring their Lips to hang Ivory Toys on them. They Eat all lorts of Heni,efpecially the Elephants, and even Men they take in War, and are falfe, bru- tal and fit for 1 about. Their Wealth conlifts in Gold, found in the Rivers, Ebony, Ivory and Slaves. Their Religion is partly ManometdH and partly Pagan, or ratlKr none at ftll. The The two .South are A confiderable and lying al ( HAvn -Sontl' Weft ofthe Blacks tho' other Pai it, the Native great Traft c Z.'iha>\t, or t!i( it is parted b Eaft it has thi Northern Slip Mountains par the AtliJtitick above 2000 h Breadth from ] Se.i, about 900, The River . the Natives cal in two from K:i doms on the N we Ihall fee in tl Geographers w n-i tlie N,^rth S This Kingdom! WW, has /;£,,«„, J ^4i".i on tlie V\| '"^itlromZw/.r NEGROEy^ND. The two laft Kiiis^doms in Zani'iichar to the South are Afonfi.ilo mm\ ylnfios-, hotli fmalland in- confiderable, clitfcrinc; vcrv little from the laft, and lying along the kinks of the River Cuam^. Oppofite to this CoalT: are feveral fmall lilands^ inhabited by Blacks and Ar^s , but have not any tluiig particular to deferve delcribini». CHAP. XV. Of N E G R O L A N D, or the Country of the Blacks. HAVn-!G purfu'd this Coaft fo far to the South, it is Time now to return to the Weftward of Jbyfmia^ to the Country of the Blacks, particularly call'd by this Nanne, tho' other Parts of Afuck^ might as well deferve it the Natives being all oftlie lame Colour. This great Traft of Land runs along the Country of Z.ifcrt>-<<, ortheDefart, on the North, from which it is parted by Mountains and Defarts \ on the Eaft it has the Kiiijidom of Borno^ and the mofl Northern Slip of Guinea, on the South a Chain of Mountains parts it from Gnweii, and on the Well the Jtlanttck Ocean. From Eaft to Weft it is above 2CCX3 Miles in Length , and the greateft Breadth from North to South, which is next the Sea, about 900. .,• • i l The River N^er-, the greateft m jijnck, by the Natives call'd Hiicd Nifer, cuts all this land m two from Eaft to Weft, leaving feveral King- doms oti the North and others to the South, as we Ihall fee in then- prtwcr Place. All the ancient Geographers were Pofitive that this River came Gangara, Caffena. Cauo. i Scomira. LSeiiiegondii. cC.ilfe»a. ^Aiarata. C Tirca. rCatio. ). < Gcrimt. iTaff.tv.l. OntlieN.^rthSide, ' if the A,^f. /■gades Tombut. Gcnchoa. s Mura. LJIfayma. f Toiiibiit. ICibra. Sail J. «< Bcrifi. ITocror. Ciiegncrc. {JJodia. GcHcho.u Gualata. I ■ilameh. from the fatne Source as the Nile •, but the later Difcovery of the Springs of this laft has dear'd tliat Miftake ;, and it is now agreed among all Modern Writers, that the Niger flows out of a I ake in the Lower t/£ibiopia, whence winding to tlie Northward till it reaches the Kingdom of 5orwo,already fpokeofjit there turns to the Weft, and traverfes all Negroland, as has been faid. It fwells in Jnne, like the Nile^ and overflows all the Low Lands for 24 and 30 Days, fertilizing the Country, and then returning into its Chan- nel, falls into the Sea at feveral Mouths, the moft Northerly, in about 15 Degrees of North Lati- tude call'd Senega , the next Southward Camhea^ the third Santo Domingo^ and the fourth Rio Grande, or the Great River. The Divifion of Negreimd, allowing the King- doms of Borno and Gaogao to Zahara, or the De- fart , as we defcrib'd them in fpeaking of that Country, will be into the following Kingdoms, with the Towns of any Note we can find in ihem. ''f Zanfara. Zegzcg. Gubcr. On the South Side of the Niger. i r f Zanfara. Reghevil. SZeg7.eg. LGhanara. {Guber. Mulel. (Gago. ^ Dau. \,Tombi. Gago. < Senfos, Soufos, Melli. S^^'f Among the Bran-, ches of the Niger, Jalofes. ^ rBudomtl, Solul. ■ Jitala. X Cofanges. Bijagas. Biafara. Refafco. I Barfbla. ^Caffan. XJelliol. {Cauheo. Bogla. rGiiinola, ^ Biigiila. \,BeJeqiif, *''':m\ ii: >i Gangara. TIin Knigdom, the moft Weftwardly o(Ncc/o- 'W, lias Homo on the Eaft, Lempta on the North, [4i'ity\\ tlie Weft, and the Kiver Niger, part- '"g it from Z.w/.i>-.i, on tlic Sonth. The Capital of the fame Name is wall'd, the other Towns very mean , and confifting of Cottages , rather than Heufes •, but the People are rich, as Trading for Gold •, which they fetch over fuch fteep nigh Mountains, that no Beafts can Climb them, and the Slaves carry the O^mntodities, and their Pro- G g g Yifwns 2o6 N EG KO LJN'V, or vifions in Lirt^e ralalxinic:. TIic Kiiir, c.in raife 7000 Archers and 500 llorfe upon call, and is an ablblute l-'rince. Zanf.ira Is South of r/.w;;^)-.), Euft of Zc!iz.esi, Nortl) cS Fcnin and Hiifiru, and VVcfl of liorno. The Towns in it arc not wortli iiicntionin:',, nor frarci.' anv thint; eiic j the Natives arc well lliap'd <.f IJodv and very Black, but their Farts deforrn'd and hideous i and the Soil yields Corn, Rice and Cotton. Zcgzeg, The next Kiiu'.dom VVeftward, borders Eaft- ward on Z.i>if.ii:i , Southward on Bait/, Well- ward on G.ig^i) , and Nortliward Iws the River Niger to part it from Ciffcuj. One halt of it is I'lain, exceilive Hot,' the other half very cold Mountains, on wliidi the Natives are fain to keep Pans of Fire under their Beds to warm thcui. All the Country abounds in Water and Corn, t!ic People are rich by Trade, but their Habitations very miferablc. Cadena, Parted from the lafi: by tlie Nii^er on tlie South, joins to Ci.rtn.ir.i on tlie Eail , ttj l.cmpta on the Tsortl), and XoC.mo on tlie Well. All its Towns arc open, like threat flattering \'illagcs, and the Houfes mere Cottaj^es. 1 he Country Mountai- nous, priKlucing muih Barley and Millet. The Natives are very black , have largo Hat Nofes and thick 1 ips. Cano Borders Eaftward on Ci[fa,a, Northward on Zc/wp.'<j and T'trp,:i, Weftward on y),i\,iilcs, and Soutliward is feparated by the A'i^i^ei- from Ciibci: Its Aknronolis , bearins^ the fame Name, Hands near the Kliddlc of it , cnclos'd with Walls of Stone and Timber, and tlie lloules built after the fame Manner. The Country is divided by Hills cover'd with Wild Orani^c and I iinon-Trees , bcarnn^ good Fruit, the Land well water'd and feeding great Numbers ot Cattel i as alfo bearing much Wheat, Rice and Cotton. There are many more open Towns, like N'illages, the Inhabitants whereof are Shepherds and Husbandmen ., thole of the Capital follow Trade. The Prince liere was firmerly Powerful, but now Tributary to the King of C.ifj'cn.i. Guber Lies Soutli of Cw, parted from it by the A7- gci-, has /'ti>fg on tlie Eaft, the Gold Coaft on tlie Soutli, and (!:Kn on the Well, from which it 13 parted by a Defart. The Country is in the inidllof high Mountains, and full of open Towns, like V'illagcs,that ivherc the King keeps iiis Court contains about <icoo Houfes. It is well regulated, on account of tlie many Merchants and Handi- crafts, many of thefe being Cotton Weavers, and others Shooemakers, which they carry to Sell at Cagij and 'J'uwbiir, Giigo Is.v'ell ofGnher, North of the Gold Coaft, Eaft of Mandn/ga, and South of Tombm and jina- lia. The Chief Town of it, bearing the (anne Name, is in about 12 Degrees of North I r.tltude without Walls, (n- anv Defence, but has f)ine to- lerable Houfes. The Country abounds in Corn Rice, Cartel and Grafs, has little Fruit, but\\' bounds with Cjold •, for which Caravans of Mer chants come from Morocco , wit!i great Dauaoi- of their Lives crolling the UnhabitabieDelaa.. Only the Capital deferves the Nameof iTowii" the reft being poor Villages, inhabited bySavti't- Countrv !\ople. In Winter they wear Ski/n, and in Summer '>> naked, with only a Clout be- fore them. Agadcs Has the Niger on the South which parts it from C.igo, Cmio on the Eaft Ztiendg.i and Tayg.t on the North, and 'Io/nb:ii on tlie Weft. The Town it takes Name from, is towards tlie l-r.>iitiersnexc Z.ihard^ wall'd, built after the Afoonjh Failiiou and the King's Palace in the mid ft of it. The Inhabitants are many of them Merchants and Straiigers,t!ie reft Handicrafts and Soldiers. Thole of the Southern Parts of the Kingdom, aregcnc- lally Shepherds and Herdfmen, living in Huts made of Boughs and Mats, and wandring from Place to Place. The Prince is Tributary to tlie Kingof TWv//-. There is great Plenty of Gittel, Ciraib and Water in tlie Country, antl in the Dc- lari^ they gather Manna, which they keep in Cu- laballies to fell to the Merchanti. Tombut, The I argeft and moft Powerful of all thcfe Kingdoms, is bounded on the Eaft by Ag.ulc!, on t'le North by X;/f«c/x.<and ZuiLte^a, on the Well by (iii.ildt.i and (icnclw.i, and ou the South by the River AV^fi', dividing it from J.j/o/f.f, ■MMdi):g.t A\\(\(i.!gn. Its chie; Town wasbuiltnitheYe.tr 1221 by K'w^Afo^jc Soli//:M, four I eagues from the Brancli of the Nger^ c.^ll'd Sc>;c.,.-i, the Hou- fes of Timber cover'd with Mud and Straw ., but there '. . a Mof^ue and Palace made of Sto.ie. Four Leagues from it on the Niger, is anodicr large Town, call'd /?./''■.', without Walls or other De- fence, the Houfes like tliofe (jf Tb^vt/?/. There the N'efTels that bring Goods a'oiig tlie RiviO' cither way, Unload, totranfport them by Laud to (i nine J. The Country ;-,bounds in Wheat, Barley, and Miller, am', feeds li) much Cattel, that Milk and Butter are very cheapjbut Salt dear,bcing brought 170 Lcagues.and all their good Horfes are brouglit from liarb.iyy. The Natives are M.ihowetjus, bur Courteous, Affiible, and Pleafant, nfing to Dance to a Hut fori: of Tabers, they hold with one Hand and beat with the other, Iiaving Bells hanging to them, and they keep manySLives. The King maintains learned Men, andtlity have many Ar<i- bick Biwks, which they Purchafe at any Rate. The Townfmen trade much in Cotton. They feed on Milk, Butter, Flelli and Filli. The Women, who are not Slaves, cover their Faces abroad- Their Money has but one Letter on it, and the moft Valuable is only (inall Bits of Gold. Vlie King Stiles himfelf Emperour of yl/c/;/, and is very ricn in Ingots of Gold. The Kingdoub CiiiLit.iy Gino, Ciij]enc, Zcg:.eg, Giibcry Ale Hi and yigadts are Tributary to hiin. The Merchants of Fez. and Morocco bring many Commodities hi- ther to cxchaiiiie for Ma»Um^a Gold- Manding'*, the Country of the T^ lacks. 207 Wanding.i 1 i« Si>i:tli of Tomb/ii , parted from it Iiy tlie Xi.yy, witli (j.'fo on the Eaft of it, t'lc Soiil'os and (jrild <"!oall on the South, and t!ie fame Soii- los And /i/rl'inw tlic r.alh It is watci'd by fcvc- Val linall IJiveis, wl'icli fall into thi Nigrr. TIiC principal fown^ot tliolamc Name witli rhcKi"!;- doTTi,frands in tlie VVcllcrn Part, next UtA-fclli-^ |)ffidcs which, tlicre is another call'd Tocror, on the Nifsr. Tlie People licrc are reckon'J tlie Handfomeft in all Negrolvid, but Barbarous and Perfi-lioiis •, vet counted tlie befi: Horfemen and Soldiers in ihofe Parts. Ihis Country yields much Gold, whirli the Merchants carry to Tombiit, to Trade with tliol'e that come from narb.iry. Tlie Prince once lorded it over many of his Neighbours, but at prefent Ins Power extends no farther than liis own Kinj^dom. Tlie Relij',ion was formerly Idolatry ,but of late iMahometanifm has prevail'd. Soufos, or Bena, Has Mdndi'f^fton the North, the Gold Coifc on the Eait, Mdfti!.iietu on tlie South, and the fame and Aielti on the Wclh It is a Imall Coun- try, all Hilly, well water'd and full of Grafs. Here are Snake?, Ipotted of feveral Colours, as thick as a Man':, Tliigli:, the Kin^ generally has oiieot tliun about him, as wc kee,i Uoj^s, and no Man does hurt it. The Kini' here , and all his Subjefts are Idolaters. Melli Reaches to the Ocean on the Wed, to Af.da- picra on the South « to Soufos and Mcwdinc,!i on the Eail', and to! ombiit on the North. The Town of the lame Name is open, fcatterinp, and coiififts <ifabout6ocolnh»bitants, where the Prince keeps his Court The Country affords Corn, Cartel and Cotton,and the Inhabitants are enrich d by Trade. 1 hey have /I /cj^/ff.t, and Doftorsto intlruft them ill l<.elii.',ioiiand Ar.ibick^ being moll Af.ihoiMtMs, and Tributary to the King of Tonibiit. Genehoa Lies beyond the River Smri^/t, winch is its Ibundary on the South as the Ocean i? on the Weft-, the River ^•■ii"/'/ , \vhich (arts it froir. ^/;i/.7Moii the Norih, ard the Kingdom of T'u^v- but on the Ealh The Capital of it is no better than a great \illage, where the King lives, with the Dortors of the Law and his Chiet Men, the Hollies bein;i all Thatch'd Co'tagcs, with Mud Walls. Th;: Overflowing of tlie Aiyr;- makes this Town an llland, wlnl'll it lalis. Barley, Rice, Catteland 1-illi is herein Plenty, but little Fruit. They have much Cotton, and exchange the Cloth 'iiadeol it for that of l-ufpc^ Copper, Brafsand other Necertaries, brought tlieui from Juiib.ny. The Natives v.'ear Black or Blue Cotton Cloth, with Caps of the lame. Gualata Follo\ts nex - divided on the South from Ccne- !i«i by the River Aigitin^ on the Weft it has the <Xean, 011 the North a Ridge ut Mountains parts it from Z.mhftct), and on tlie Weft it borders on Tombiit. It bears the Name of its Capitalj which, as all the reft of tlie Towns, is no better than a great \'illage. The principal Product here is Rice, fmall Millet, Barley and I)ates, and Melh is very Dear. The People are tradable enough, tho" veri; dilorderlv in their way of Living, and are fome Milwmet.mi and feme Pagatis. Jalofes , or Senega. We come now to tlie Nations King betwcer: the Branches of the M^fr, whereof tliemoft Nor- ther! \ is that of the 7/(/o/«, ur .^V^q;.; •, the laft of tliefe Names gi\en it from tij great River which bounds it on the North, as dies the6\/w- be:i on the South, the Ocean on the Weft, and the Conflux of t hole two Branches on the Eaft. The greateft Prince here ftileshimfelf the Great 5<)/»/'c, being Sovereign over 13 "r HP'^t^V f^higs or Lords. In all this Dominion there is no wall'd Town. The famous Cape Ferd, that is, the (ireen Cape, becaufe the Portiigueje, who firit dilirover'd it foundit very (jreen, is in his Dominions, in 15 Degrees of North Latitude, being the fame Pto- lemy calls ArJitririHw. It is low, runs far out in- to the Sea, and has ieveral Villages on it. The Soil of it felf is good, but theSloatli <jf the Inha- bitants is the Caule it produces little, only about Cape l^crd there grows much Rice, Barley, and Cardamom ■, the common Grain is Indian Wheat, but here is ftore of Grafs, Trees and Herbs, and abundance of Cartel-, as alio. Camels, Mules, Horfes, Aftes, Hares, Dogs, Cats and Monkeys. As for Birds, tiiere are infinite Numbers of Par- rots, and no want of Hens, Geefe, Pigeons, Par- tridges, WocKlcocks, Ducks and many more, pe- culiar to the Country. Salt liardeiis of it lelf in thei'f«f^(/, whence it is taken out and dry'd upon the I. and, in fudi Quantity that there is no End of it. The People are very Black, and ftrongof Body, Ignorant, and muchaddifted toSuperfti- tion ;ind Sorcery. Tlieir 1 loul'cs are poor thatch'd Cottages and their Beds made of 5 or 6 Pieces of V\'ood rais'd from the Ground, on which they lay a Mai, and that lerves for Qiiilt and Blankets. All theHoulhold-ftuffconlifts in a few Earthen Pots, their Arms. Axes to cleave "^Vood, and Shovels to throw npthe Earth. All their Cloathing is only a Piece of Cotton Cloth lapp'd about them •, but the Women have two , one about their Body and the other on their Head. They ule little or no Ceremony in Marriages, but every Man may take as many Wives as liepleales, but they Burv their Dead with great Lamentation, aiiti attend the Corps to the Grave. Their wlual Weapons are Bows, Arrows and Darts, befides Cutlaces, or Broad Swords. Tlie generality of them are Pagans, tho' At.tijointt.wijm has long fmce crept in among them. Cafuigas, Bijagas, or Biafara, Is the next Nation of Note lying between ths O'limbca, the River Santo J)a;>iir/yj\ and the Ocean. Next follow the Kijap^as , betwixt the fame Ki vers, and Pi.if.ira beyond S:inio Domingo to the Southward, in which there is nothing remark- able more than has been laid of the others above, they bein^ all Blacks, and little Differing from one another. Some Geographers name many Kingdoms, as they call them , belidee wliat are G g g 2 her<; 0\ 1' v1 : 1. ' ». M^^mi ■1 8? i|ii O/GVINEA. 208 here mention'd, but they are only Villaoes and Ignorant to have any tiling of Hiftory, and evfi\ fmall Territories , wliicli have Petty Lords, like that Knowledge we have of tliytn is_ v,;ry impcr et in the Weji-Indies, and not worth a feft, except only along the Sea-Coaft. the CiUiquts Particular Account. All thele Nations are too CHAP. XVI. Of GUINEA. DEfcending Southward from Negroiwd^ in Order to return Eaftward, the next p/eat Region we meet with is Guinea, extend- ing about 1500 Miles in I.ene.th , from Eaft to Weft, and 400 in the broadefl' Place from Nortli to South, :he latitude between 5 and 1 1 Decrees North. On that Side it runs all along joynnij', to NqroLind; on the Eall to the Upper or Northern Part of Con^9 , and on the South and Well it has tlie Great Ocean. The moll general Divifion is into three Parts, Malagiict.if 0«(>/f.^ properly focall'd, and Benin. N5al:igueta. (juinea, properly fo i.ill'il. <\ 'Sierra Lcona, . A'litombo. ) Qiiojii, Ui.iLii'yt. ' Folgi.l. AliWoe. I Petiera, I T.jhoe. Ivory Coaft. < Cirou. I Jaqiies la Hou. \_Corbie lahoe, I Ante. I Adorn, W: J Commani, GoIdCoail. ^fetH. i Sabae. (Fantyn, Acrop. Agonna, \_Aqnamboc. The firfl of them is that \'ulgarly known by t'lc Name of the Grain Coall , from the Graiiu of Paradife or Cardamom growing there, whitli in Saanijh they call MaLigiieta •, The fecond contaiiu the Ivory and GoldCoafts •, and the third mav all be taken in under tlie Utnomination of the Slave Coall. Eacli of thefe is again Sub divul^d into feveral fmaller Kingdoms and Dominions-, ofcacii wlicreof we will endeavour to give a Brief Ac- count. The Names affix'd here to each Divifion arc not ofTowns,there being none worth naming, but of Kingdoms, Dillrifts, or Provinces. r Benin, and Slave Coaft *" Ardra. Fida. enin. .U ' fPoidaon, I Little Ardra, Jackem, < Jo]o. j Ba. I Ardra. •■Car Ml. . Awerri. I Areho. \ Biiededoe. ' Ak,>ttun. , Beni/i. iiitlcant Dom Otiicral of t On thisG from At.i)i til fiibjeft toStc fill, and prcx known to us. breed Croco< variety of '<.e iiials, and 1 -.ai which are i T to be Sav, ge Ravifli W< am which Anima lilird on Occ; !;iveH a very Moflofthe lienig free to pal(Jrain,wh The VV'onien lidcs whicli, 1 iiigand Mutit two Ek'plniiii third of othci llcrfe, or ot, l;ngs to hirn. iLiith l-*art of i they offer to 1 round, as are ftead ofa Wa many Gates, yr out at a ti: Tlid'e Blac^ Drr,nkein]cfs,( to another •, 1 Jiitrope.iiis. So by whirli thc^ ters. The nii the Flux, the Age a Swellii r.il Langu.igt Diflance Iron Fulgiui is the gion, they al ator ot 1 leavei vvhatlbever, the Deity ■, y of the SouL ui'e Circuniti Malagueta, Tlic mod Wellern of ihef.- three large Provin- ces, has Aielli and Soiifos on tlie Nortli, Guinea properly focall'd, on the Eaft, and the Ocean on the South and Well, extending, according to the moft receiv'd Limitation, to Cape P<j/;«.-h v tho" Bofifum carries it no farther than S. John's River, tlie Extent along the Coaft North-weft andSouth- lall being lliort of 400 Miles, reckoning from Surra Lcona to the alorefaid Cai^ie Palmas. Sierra Leona is tlie Name of a Mountain, a River, and a Kingdom i the Mountain focall'd by ihiPortii- gticfa, becaufe the beating of the Sea againft it iiiakesa Noifc, like the roaring of a Lion. This is the firil Kingdom to the Wellward , and in it tlie Xillage ui lonibi , where the F.ngliJ/i Ships often Anchor, lip tluTntand is the Kingdom of Miioiijho, whith Name the River of Sierra Leona alfo bears, where is a Town t)r Villiige the Por- uigiirja a\\ A.< Ala^naf, becaufe there are Lakes and Marllies about it, and this that Nation have polTefs'd theinlclves of to keep uther ay^thiopiaas thence. Next follows Quoja, reaching from tiic River Afagitiba to that of S. Paid, on both Sides Cape Monte, and has many Villages along the Rivers. Above them, up the Land, are the Gala-jeys, about the Springs of the River Af.tvah. Folgia an:! Afanoe tend ftill tothe Southcaft, near two Ri- vers the Portugiiefes call dos Jimcos, or of Rullies, and do Arvoredo , of the Trees. Beyond that: River dos Jimcos, is that which in a ftriftcr Senfe iscaU'd, the Grain Coall, as producing thegrea- teft Quantity, and moft reforted to for it. How- ever the Trade here is inconfiderable, and more efpecially of late Years. The Lords or Petty Kings in all this Traft of Land are almoft as many as the Villages, under no fewer Barbarous Names, but moft of tliem pay fome Homage to the King of the (t^oj n •, and therefore we lliall not trouble the Reader with more of their infu^- nificaiir Contains t from Cape P. Miles in Leiig iiig E.aftward i-'ihcr, ('.^0 i aikl Al.ilaguet the Ocean. This, accor Subdivided in full cxtendiii, SiiCiio da Ciji. Kiver I'Uta. llie Ivory I'leiity of El. l-e:igucs to th ^ ill-ige of I.. t') an Antiior t.uthcr on an ^ud then the Cape A.ivt'f, Of G VINE J. nilicant Dominions , but only add Lmething in Genetal of tliein all. On tills Coiill, tho Winter or ramy Seafoti is from .'l/.jy till Utiobc>\ the fitter part of it very fubjeft to Storms. The whole Country is fruit- ful, and produces abundance of Plants wholly un- Kiiown to us. The R iviis of Mitgmbah MK\Al,tVith breed Crocjdilesand River Hories. The Land has variety of Reptiles and Fowl,and mod of our Ani- iiuls,and : .any more never feen ni Europe -^ among which are i fort of Satyrs in the Wcxjds, thought to be Siiv. ge Men, altlio' void of Rcafon , who Ravifli VV< men, if they find .in Opportunity. Of which Animal Dr.7}for; in his Or,ini Oittan pub- lilh'd on OccafuMi ot one brouj^ht to Loudon, has given a very Learned Account. Moft of thcfe People live upon Tilla!4e,tlie Land being free to every Body, Rice being the princi- pal (jrain, which tliey can gather thrice in a Year; The Women work at it as mucli as the Men, bc- fides which, tiie hitter employ themfelvcs in Filh- ing and Hunting. I he King has one out of every two Elephants, or Buffaloes thev take, and the third of other Creatures-, but if it be a River- llcrfe, or other Monilrous Creature, it all be- longs to hitn. Befides, they give him about a tenth Fart of all their Harvel^, and the firft Fruits they offer to their Idol Belly. Their Houfes are round, as are their \illages, Palifadoed about, in- ftead of a Wall, with four Bulwarks, covering as many Gates, fo narrow that only one can go in or out at a time. T!n.fe Blacks are muchaddiftedtoVenery, ind Drunkenncfb,otherwil'e tlicy are good natur'd one to another ■, but make no fcruple of robbing any Juirvpe.in.'. Sorcery is much prailis'd among them, by which they pretend to do extraordinary Mat- ters. The mofl common Difeafes among them are the Flux, the Small Fox, Mtagrims, and in old Age a Swelling in tlie Tellides. There are I'eve- ral Languages fpokcn among tlicm, at no great Dillance from one another , but that they call fo/i;i./j is the moil llniverlal. In Point of Reli- gion, they all Acknowledge one only God , Cre- ator of Heaven and Earth, and Adore no Creature vvhatloever, nor admit of any Reprefentation of the Deity •, yet titey have a fort of Invocation of tlie Souls of their Ancellors , and generally ul'e Circumcifion. Guinea, properly fo call'd. Contains the Ivory and Gold Coails, reaching from Cape /'..'/w.r.', to the River A'c/r.;, about 600 Miles in l.engtii along the Sea Coaft, and border- ing Eaflward on Be>::)\ Kortliward on Ziiiugf 1,1. h>\, ii.'go and At.ihcii>!i\i , Weftward on .S'fl//y»/ and ALilngueta, and to the Southward lying along the Ocean. This, according to our common Acceptation, is Subdivided into the Ivory and Gold Coalh ., the fiill extending Irom Cape Piil/n.u to the River Siieno da OJLi, and the other from thence to the Kiver rUta. 1 lie Ivory Coaft is fo call'd from the great Plenty of KKphants Teeth found there. About 5 Lciguis to the Ealhvard of C:ipe Pulnhis., is the \ill.)geof L.i'L'-, belbre wl'.iih Ships often come to ail Aiuiior to Trade, in 14 Fatliom Watery firther on are tlie \'illages of icnero and T'i/ijof, Kiid then the River of \ Aiuircw. Next follows Cape L.i'.t'c, vvliere the Ivory Coall, properly fo 20^. call'd Ends , and that a{QH.ii]n,i commences. Twij Leagues trum Cape Lnhoe, is the Village of Cu- trouywd Six Leagues fartlier that afJiitiiieU Hon ^ Six Leagues from that is ''Jaqiies jaijiii-, where wit'iin Musket-fliot of the Sliore there is ^o Fa thc)in Water. The laft Village on this Coail, is that of Corbie Lihoe, The Natives here are rcckon'd as Polite as any of their Neighbo'-.rs \ they hate Drunkenners,and pretend to be .iverfe to alV Fraud in Trade. Their Principal Commodities are Elephants Teeth, as has been faid, and Cotton Cloth, thence call'd Quiqua, which fignifies for indeed the Di- ftinftion of the Ivory Coaft and that of Qjiaqux is imaginary, the one being the Entlijh and the otiier the Country Name. All this" Coaft, tho' there be abundance of petty Princes, is Subjefl to one Sovereign v»hom they call Sucoo, wliois rnudi dieaded of all Ins Neighbours, not (o much for his Power, as for the Opinion they have that he can perform wonderful Things by Sorcery. One. fundamental Law of this Government is, that eve- ry Man muft remain in the Condition he wak born, 1<) that the Son of a Fiflierman muft follow that Trade, the Son of a Merchant muft be of chat Profeltion and fo of all others. Their Worlfiip is Idolatrous and full of Superftition, and they fometimes offer Men in Sacrifice. The Gold Coaft, fo nam'd from tlie great Quan- tity of that Metal brought thence, is divided in- to eleven Diftnfts, with each of them i, 2, or j Villages. Axon the firft of thofe Provinces^ was once a confiderable Kingdom , now divided be- tween the Dutch and the Brandcnburf^ers, the for- mer of whom have a Fort there call'd S. Anto/nes^ and the latter another 3 Miles Eaft of them,which fcrve as a Check upon the Blacks. 3. ylme, or HiMCy where by a Village call'd hifuma, the £ng- lijb built a fmall Fort in 1691, and the Dutch have another lefs than two Miles from it, call'd Baf'eu- fieid, and four Miles from that another call'd O- r.vigc. 3. Adorn, 4. Jabiy in neither of which tliere is no Fort. 5. Co/m/hini, in which is the Dutch Fort call'd f^redoi- Burgh, and a Musket ftiot from it an tvgUfli oi)e,and within three Miles another of the J)iitih, the moft famous of them all, built by the Fortuguejies, and by them call'd S. (Jtorge de la MitiUy or of the Mine, becaule of tlie great quantity of Gold they got there. 6. t'etu, and in it the Dutch Fort Conradsburg, and three Miles from it i\\e.EngUjh of Cape Cor/, being the bcft on all that Coaft,except 5. Oeorgc de la Minn, andclofeby, another on a Hill which over-looks the firft. 7. Stiboe, whereby the Village Afource is the Dutch Fort Nafj'au. 8. b'untyn, in which tiie Dutch have one Fort , the Englijh two, and three Lodges. 9. yiouw, where the jD«fc/j in 1697. built a Fort call'd LeydJa.i>nheyd,or Fort Patience. 10, AgofiM, with a wretched tnglijh Fort built in 1694. And laftly, Aquamboc, where at the V illage Acr.i, the EtigUjh, Dutch Aud Dana have each of them a Fort. All thel'e here mention'd are along the Coaft ^ thole up the Inland are fo numerous, fo mconlicle- rable and fo little known, that any Account of them would rather tire than inform the Readt/, they being all incer N'illages and their Territories, with the Names of Kings to them, tho' many ot their Kingdoms do not extend <j Miles. To come to the Coaft in general, oar Summer is their Winter, and the Contrary, the Summer excellive Hot, as being within J or 6 Dej^rees of 1 'I ii;:*!;: '•i5i ilh'iJ'H;' aio Of G VINE A the l.iiif. It is p.encrallv very unliealthvi hut tlwt is vatlicr to StraDjjcrs tlian Natives, the un- iil'iial IIiMtiiftlti; Staluii hfiiij^ fatal to tliol'c wlu) .tie u>.'ci toroklii- (-liinatcb. Tliewliok' Coaft is •ilinoll a CDntiiin'tl ('Iiaiii of Moutitaiiis, which occalioiis j'.rear Mills to rife from the ^'alte\sa- iimlll thi'in, and tliilir pn.vc vevy Infeftitnis. 1 he greatcft fJilKMiipcrs ilie Natives aie fiibjeft to, arc tile VVoi nil and Small I'ox ^ by which laft, many Thiitiiiinds are (\vept away. I i'.e Blarki are liere c.cncraliv Crafty nnd De- ceitful, j;iven to Sloatli and Idlenels, and no lefs Carelei's and Stupid, Their Heads tliey adorn after fcveral Mannerf.nioiltenint', their Hair with Oil, and faP.nini; Trinkets to it of fcverallbrts of Coral, and are fo fond of Hats that they tliink no Price too ^reat for tliem. Tlieir Arms, Ic^;?, and W'aflcs are adorn'd with Gold and Coral. Tlieir Cloatliiiij; is ? or 4 Yards of N'elvet, Silk. Cloth or StulF wrapp'd about their Middle ajid lunging down Iialf way tlie l.e^s. The poorer fort wear jull as much as will rover tlieir Nakcd- iiefs, and .ni old Hat, or a Cap made of Deers Skin , or of Rulhes. The Women as in otlier Couutriejgo finer than tlic Men, platting their Hair, and wearn;^ much trold and Coral about their Nctks, Arm^ and Lei;-, and fo L',reat a Quan- tit\ about tlkir Walleas would hide their Naked- neU, iftliey had noCloathsj which are like th^; Mens, dillin^juilh'd only by b^'ing longer. TlteCliiklren are I'utklec' two or tlu'ce Years, and then no farther care tak.-n of Education, but only j^ive thi'in lomething to Eat, and let tliem do what they pleafe i only that they are all to follow tlkir I'arents Eroieliion. I'lie common 1-ood is Millet boil'd thick, with a little l^alm-Oil over it, now and then (bme I illi, and Helli but very lel- dom, or upon I'cltivals ■, but what tliey fpare in Meat they make up in Drink, being extremely f*ni(l of Brandy and l^llm-\^■ine. All their Handi- crafts confill ill making of Wooden, or Earthen (2ups and Trouglis, .\iatting. Copper Boxes for Ointment, Bracelets and other Ornaments •, but tho' they have lorry Tools tliey are good Smiths, cipecially for making all forts of Arms, except ( juns. Ihe Language differs very often, there being 7 or S feveral forts ipoken along the Gold Coaft. The Kingdom of Benin , and Slave CoafV, Both of them comprcliended under one Head, as a Third liivilion of the Coait of O'ui/tci!, ex- tend from tlie \ illagc of Popo, Eaft of Kio I'olr.i to the River C.i/t::i)oau on tlie Eall, being about Coo Miles in l.cngtii, and from the frontiers of Zcf:,^cg oil tlie North, to the Ocean on the South, which is about 400 Miles in Breadth. On the Slave Coafl the tirft Kingdom we find is that of yiiWf/-, or Ardnti reaching about iS Leagues along the Coall, on which are the N'illa- j^es of h'l.id.wn and Little Ader. Northward from Ardcy about a League is tke Town of J.ickci/!^ tncompal's'd witli a Ditch, fillM from a River. Three days Journey up the f.and, is t!ie N'illage of jojrj, and half a League fromit, that of Ji.i, wliere the King's Cjovernour refides. Eigliteeii 1 eagues North North-eaft from the Coaft is (i-fc.it yJ'ucr,n\\ open Town, but very Large,tlie Houfes I'cattenng, and the Relidence of tlic King. This Country does not aj,ree with Eit'Opcms , and the I'ortot /'"/If, often proves fatal to tliem, and yet they rel'oit ihitlkr very much for Slaves. As for tlic I and it is pood, beiii£» Tnoft plain anc! fruitful, \ieldinp, Millet, I'alm VVmj, all lorts of I'lants and fruits, \yliich laft all thi Yeir^ hefides iicre is pleiitv of Salt, and a rnilider.ib'e breed of Horfes. Tlie Houles ronlill nf MnCi Walls thatch'd •, their Diet all forts of liih, Rn-f^ Milletj and Herbs. Their Cnlioins and Man- ners clifTer little from their Neighbours. 1 lie King is abfoliite, and arcDrdiiu'Jy dilpofos of all things at I'leafnre ■, but as to Religions .Mat- ters, tho' they have no pnblick Teiripies or Af- femblies, thefe Blacks arc more Siiperflitioiis tliaii any before fi»iken of, and have .1 greater num- ber of Idols. A little Kaftward of Pnpn begins the C(«intry of I'td.i, extending that Way as far as Kto /,/. f,os on the Coalf, and has a Road and Port, but (i) very dangerous that abundance of Men are loft tliere going afliore, yet all i'lirnpctn Nati- ons Trade here fir Slaves, and the Land makes foine amends for the D.in^rrs of the Sea, being full of fmaU, and fome conliderable \'illages, and' all the reft of the I and is a moll beautiful Pro- fpeft, being covcr'd with Grafs, Corn, and an innumerable number of Lruit-Trees ftanding fo thick , that in manv Places there in only a fmall Patii betwixt tliem , tlic Blacks plant- ing all that will bear, and fiwing as IIhiii ase- ver they have reap'd, and tlie Soil lb grateful that it fully aniwers tlieir ExpciSf.itions. How far it reaihcs up Northward into the Inland is not known, none having vet ha/arded tiiem- felves to Travel tliat way. beranle of the Dan- ger there is in trufting to thole People far from tlie Sea Coaii. Lliefe Blacks are more ge- nerous than anv others on that Colli, and cour- teous in tlie hii'Jieft degree, always kneeling to their Superiors, and even Equals to one another. Induliry and Labour are peculiar to tlit-m a- moiig thole People, for thcv are never Idle, but working at feveral llanclicrafts, and p.n'ticniarly weavingand fninning of Cotton Clotli, I'orging, and Ilusbandrv, the Women taking as irauii i'ains as the Men. In return for thele i';«^d C^iiali- tic--, tliev are the greatell Lhievcs in the World, lb tiiat few Sliips Tnide thither without loliiig conliderable (I'.iantities of (joods, and no repa- ration to be had. They wear feveral Clothes, the richell they ran get, wrapp'd about their Bodies i)ne over aiKJther. It is a millake which many believe, that Parents here fell their Chil- dren, Huibands their Wives rs-c. tor this is never done without fome great Crime commit- ted ^ but all the Slaves here liild, are Prilbners taken in War. Thefe poor \\' retches are pack'd 4 or 500 ill a Ship, and in that milerable ccm- dition tranfported to ytnierici. The King is honour'd as a Demi-God , and the number ol their Deities is lb great that none of tlicinl'elve* can determine it, but Snakes are of the greatell X'eneratioii among them of all others. forCat- tcU they have the fame with us , as all<i tame Fowl, and infinite nuantities of wild •, and the (jround produces ail iWupe.m Plants that are fow'don it, belkles plenty of verv ginid liidig", which the Natives nfe f.'r dying their own Clothes. The Weapons us'd by tliem are Mul- quets, Bows^ Arrows, Hangers, Darts, and Clubs •, but tliey and their Neighbours of ylcr.r are generally rank Cowards. The Kingdom of Bihi?/ begins at the River Lav/js 01) the Weft, and runs to t'.iat of Cim.i- Of CONGO. rottts on the Eaft, wliicli p.irts it IVotn fr,//<o, Iiavinc Zeit^tg and ^/w on the North, and the Ocean on the Soiu!i, Iktwixt Afi^iojunil the River uf liou'i^ othet- vvilecali'd A/o fVwo/s '"■ '''« litautiful River, there are 11) Haces wortli takiiiR notice of Init only one N'ill.ige cali'd Ctrm. I he l.ill of the two Riveri ahove-mc\ition'd divides it (elf into ieveral branches. A bent a Mile above the Mouth of ir. At the Town of Avtrri, the Purtni.iicjv! have ,1 I.odi^e and <. lunch, and ihi- i'lace lias a particular Kin^, v.Iio does not look upon hnnlelf as a Suhject to hirn of Hoim. Near 60 Miles hiijher is the Town of Aiibo, ilie I radnu', I'lace of all Lini'feMis, loi' any Ships may fcio niucli higher up the River. Here tlie />//'(/' and /'»<- tityjifjr; liill drive a Trade, but the £/;i;//y/» have not of late, lower towards the ^'o!ull is the Village of BocAcdi'c, and hijilar, tliat ot Agit- nn, now almoll ruui'd. A IJay's Journev lugh- er is the City of i'.reat liaiin^ fo cali'd bccaufc ihebert in thofc Kirts, and the Rclidenceofth.- Kiuji^. The Streets arc of a valt Lnit:5th and I5readtli, and in them a continual Market kept of all forts of I'rovifious and otiier Coniinodi- ties, t!ie lioufes lari',s and handloine, tho' the Walls he of Mad and the top of Thatch, and they Hand fcattcring, and at a dillance from one another. The Inhabitants are all Natives, and no Foreit^ners permitted to relide in it. The Kin^','s Ralace is a (j,ood Structure of the fort , and very lar!',e, and all the StrcL'ts kept very • lean. The I'cople are good r.atur'd and courte- ous, complying', to any thing by lair means, but no way to he prevail'd upon by foul. Their Ha- bit is decent, after the manner of thofe Parts, but the Children go Hark naked. it is not worth wliile to ("peak of tlie other Villages in this Country, there being nothing re- markable ill them but what has already been (aid 111 Ipcaking »)f thole before-mention'd. The Coaft here turns away to the Southward, and then the next River of Note is that of lorc.iilos, from which holding on the liune Courfe, we come to (Jape h'orwofo, (.r Beautiful, and then turning ai.',ain to the i'.ailwarti, there is a confiderable Kiver, cali'd Rio Red Ue CMbari, next Rio del 21 [ Fry, and lartly, Riodc C/w.j>-<jWi-, the boundary of this Country. Tims much of tlic Coaft, f)r the inland is not known to us any farti.er tlian a little up tlie Rivers, forty leagues up the River h'oictdm is the Town of Onver)\i, where the King of that C^ountry iiolds his Court, and to the W'elhvard lie tlie Provinces and petty Kingdoms of the yh/ibuiJa^C.l.ibari, Kiihe^A/j- 1(1, and /?!/;;, The Country is generally plain, wooded, well water'd, except only in (ome Places wliere the l.ift is Icarcc. It al)ounds in all forts of tame Cattel and Poultry i befides Elephants, lions, and Tigers, but of the lirft of them prodigious Number', as alfo jackals. Monkeys, and _ Ba- boons, the Produd of the Earth is no lefs va- rious, as moll: forts of (jrain and Pruit ; and the Natives make feveral Dyes, as ("ireen, Blue, Black, Red, and Yellow. The chief Money is a (ort of Shells brought from Ifuiij , which tliey call Doifut. huropc:iiii have all the encouragement imaginable to Trade here, the I'eopte being as courteous and obliging as any in the World, and the Duties they pay lo inconfiderable, that they do not a- mount to above five or fix Pounds flerling fora- nyShip. The Commodities Cent thither are all lorts of Cloth, from the ridieft to the pnoreft Linen •, fine Earthen Ware, Preferves, Bracelets of Copper, Coral, Pendants, Looking-glalTes, Iron in Bars, Crvftat, and Shells, which lad ferve inftead of Money. In exchange for thefe things they receive Cotton Cloth, which they fell along the Coail, Slaves, and Elephants Teeth. Their Religion teaches them to worlhip abun- dance of Idols, and even living Creatures and \'egetables. The Pricfts are all Sorcerers, or fuch as inipofe on the People by jugling Tricks, fo that they are all full of intolerable Supcr- ftitions, much like what has been already faid of the other Parts of (ntlnea, whicli it is time we fliould leave to proceed, having in the defcriptioii of tliis Country made particular ule oi Boj man's delcription of Guinea, as the latell Account of thofe Parts, only fupplying from others what was deficient in him. ■'':¥\ %m 11'? 1 c M A P. xvir. Of C O N G O. '"1*11 IS Country taken in the largeft Senfe. I as we heie dei'cnbe it , will be fouucl J*^ to extend from about 10 Degrees of Korlh Latitude to 15 South, amounting to 15CO Miles in Leiv.th, aiid 720 in Breadili from EalV to \\ ell in the laigelt Place. On the North it tuurlies upon tlie Kiiu;,dom ot lienin in Ciuineu ; /..ihj'.r, ,1 and /I'tvv.v/ in ^^'igroLind, and a fmall part ol J>}uI>:j •, the Eaft fide lies along the Up- per and lower t/£thiopia j on the South it has the Coaft of the Cafra, and on the Weft the Southern, or ty£thiopick Ocean. The moll certain Divifion we find of it, not to defcend to inconfiderable Diftrifts, fome of which will be mention'd under the particular Provinces they belong to, is intothefe principal Parts with their feveral Towns, as in the fol- lowing Table. i'ii Biafara, Ill Of CONGO. A liiiifax Biafarn Medra. < Mtdnt. ra. < Lo.wgo, or I ^'y'J^ the landof^ ^.^,^/; th Btiiniiis, Anzico.- Cl.n.mfo. Miyiiiiih.i by OH/l,!). Siriii. S.,laly. , K^Mahonde. Biafira, The Northern Dominion of thisTrafl of land we arc to dcliribe, reaches that Way to the Liiiid of iXe^roti, on tlie Halt is parted by Moun- tanis from the Kmndomof Afitlr,i, on the South reaches to the 4th Oep/ee of Nortli latitude , where it joins with the Kingdom ot Lomi^^u , and on the Welt piirtly borders upon lltnw, and partly lies upon ilie Ocean. The C^amtalbear- "nu; tlie fame Name, is in about 6 DcRrees ol North latitude, towards the Frontiers of Bc- >ti'/, and a Place much like thole already menti- on 'd, tliatis, anopen fcattering\'illa(ic without any fUuldinj^s of Note. This Country being inotl inland, is little known to us, fcarccany Europeans Traclint; to it. The Natives are fo ve- ry mudiaddiiK'dto Sorcery, tliat tlicy imagine they have Power toraife Storms, and do other extraordinary things beyond the Power of Man, and for tliis reafon they I'erve the Devil I" zealoufly, as even to I'acrihce their own Chil- dren tohiui. Medra, The next Kingdom on the Eaft, is feparated from Bi.ij'ir.i on the Eaft by Mountains •, on the oppofite fide joins to ?ALthiopid, on the North to A'cgrul.ind^ and on the South to Loaugo, The Metropolis is alio call'd A/cUr.i, an inconfidcra- hle Place next to lAithispiit^ and all the Country little freciuenttd by Strangers, particularly for being remote from tlie Sta, as alio becaule it lies nnich buried among Mountains, and produces nothing to attract the Avarice of Men, for wliich Keafon the Inhabitants are rude, and ad- dicted to theSuperltitions of their Neighbours. Loaiigo, , OtTierwife call'd the Country of the Bramas, coiiiinences Northward at tlie River call'd 6'. llenno^ and extends its Coail, being the Welt frde, down to the River /.o.W;'», Loiiiz.e, which is from two iX'greestjf North 1 atitude to about ffx Soutli, where it borders on the Kingdom of CicoMfio, as it docs Eallward on the Ambes, a People of <!A:iijiopi.i^ and Northward on Bla- j.ira and Mcdr.t. Coiiiingdown thisCoaft from the Northward, »lter paUiiuj, the River 5. toii''-^ which is the Cacongii { Concho, Properly fo lalld. Caroiic^o. Mtilembt/t. 'J fS. Sniviuior. I Pcnhi. Biiiiib.i, J Soidjo. ^ Sundf. PiinL\o. Batta. \Ji. Paid de Ltittide, MapoHji^a, Angola. f A'f.lpOH^U jDtnuv. ' Bcwitila, Boundary, tlie hrft we meet is that of S.yjim and below it Cape .V. Jnbi, and tlie liay of the fune Name, into whicli the River y]ni:,>:i falls, the laft the only Place the /)«n/; ever refort to. The Blacks all along this Coall arc lari'.e and (trong of Body, every Village having its 'parti- cular King, and they always at \V..r among themfelves. At tlie entrance of tlie aforeliiid Hay is an Illand call'd Corijca . on the Soutli fide whereof is the Anchoring Place, in about 40 Minutes of North Latitude. Next follows the River Gabun under the 1 mc , which breeds Crocodiles, and River 1 lories, .ind at the Mouth of It two finall illands, e of vvhicli tlie Na- tives call 7'flH^o, and th' lu/jtlie King's ill.nid, becaule the King refidi ere ■■, tlie other is the Illand of the I'arrots, , n the Multitude of thofc Birds. South of the Line about 44 Mi- nutes is Cape Lom (;c>i:.alezy next the Mouth of the River Ulibata, where the greateft Trade IS of all thofe Parts, and tlie petty King lives 6 ot J Leagues up the Country. The next after lliefe arc the Rivers of 5. Ciithcritie, Setre, Aiayiiiitba, and laftly, l.oiw^o, Lniitz.e. Tlie Dominions of the King of l.nMio extend no farther than the Kingdom of \ c.ith.ir»ie, and formerly this Fratt of land was divided into many Provinces, as thofe of I.oa.Tri^Loaii- p^niNongo, Cbdotno, Piri, &.'c. under as many petty Kings, who had blootly Wars among themfelves, and were i'o barbarous as to eat one another,, till he of Luaiitt^o having at length liibdued all the reft , all this became one Monarchy. The CoiKiuerour fettled hisRefideiue at Loan- ^0, which the Blacks call Bo.iii^ or Rnri, a Town tou» or five Miles in Compafs, but the Houfcs are not contiguous, and the Streets wide, kept very clean, with rows of Palm and Bm.ic.i Trees before the Doors , and fometimes riuitc aliout the lloules. iJifiu the King's Palace is a very large SijuArc, Palifado'd in, with abun- dance of Houfcs about it for his Womcii, who have fometimes eight in a Houfe, and are Itridt- ly guarded, not being allow'd to go out of the Square without his Leave. The Houles are long, and the Roofs flat in the middle, and llielviiig off on the lidcs. Every Houfe h.is 3, 4, or J Rooms. Their Houlliold Goods are Pot Cala- ballies. Baskets, Mats, &c. Other Towns are rather Villages, here arc Ka'd^ B'ichc, SiUiijYy Alaluiidc, Sclic, K.uc. Ix- fides whicli wc raay reckon the Province and Town oi A'fayii/iiba, leatcd at the Mouth of the Kiv.v River of th the Itihalntat fis to fomc (,'olibi are al but now all All this ( VMuat, Mil Fruits not ; forts of He harco, Sii'.'.ar /iidi.t i'eppc: try, it is io or nothing. The Nativ voluptuous, and iViendly ril is all ol iher, being the- Body iij fort wear ir on tlnir An ct, thev cat i chief 1 rade which are tt but they alf whifii tluy I In Ri'ligic a dark Notio /'(//;«o, but ai pcrllitioUb, c try S^)irits 1 ftrange I'owi cording! y th like iVien, ai one to his o\ fits, a Name they imagine or d g tht leiei , or [uj lubtle Arts. Is a large from the Sea Northward 1 Lwd, Weftw and Confo ■, and Eaftwarc reckon'd as frick, the fu Kings under principal Ci are red and has more Rhi are lent thei All the Pe( gorous, and the EiiropCiTi-ii tlicin-, for tl Hclli as pii! Beef or Miit the lame Rij his Cattel. pie of devou their Childr, VValte upw.ii Valves as In Children, \vl liiiinan tnou; barbarous, 11 Colli , and i CONGO, Ricer of the Ctinc N.im?, whence upon Floods fhe Iiiliahitaiitsarc ii!)liL','cl tu ruinovc their Hou- ffs to fiimc other I'lace. Cyloni^o^ Seie , mid (ioibi ;irc iilliilittle Territories, uncc Kingdoms, but now ;ill I'libii'^l ti) l.o.wi;/'. All this r.oimtrv in t;ciienil produces Indiin VMuat, Millet, .iikI :i prodii;ioiis vyricty of Vniits not at ;iH known ainoiu; iis, as alf" .ili fdrts of Herbs, as well eatable as others-, To- barco, Su'.'.ar, I'carlet i'ernes, Cotton, and H'dh hidi.t I'cpper •, and as for all Cartel and Poul- try, it i'' f" plentiful that they ii'll it for little or iiotliiiii;. Tlie Natives are (Ironi',, vigorous-, wellfliap'd, voluptuous, iealou> of Stranf.ers, yet courteous and iViciidly to tholi: they know. Their Appa- rel is all of I'alm Leaves curioully wove toge- ther, beinn only from the \S'afle downwards, the Body upwartU beiUK Naked ^ but tlie better fort wear many Oriiauu-nts of (.jold and Coral oil tlnir Arms, legs, and Necks, lor their Di- et, thev eat all llelli, much Killi and Millet. The chief Trade of the Country coiifills in Slaves, which are the ^reateft Wealth of thofe Blacks ■, but they alii' fell Ivory, Tin, lead and iron, which tliey brni); very Kir from '.^Ethiopia. In Ki'ligiou, Matters, thel'e People have but a dark Notion of God, whom they call Sambiaii I'uiiio^ but are on the contrary cxtravat^antly fu- pcrilitious, caliinjT, upon the Houlhold and Coun- try Spirits or Dimons, attributim^ to them ftraiige I'cnver, according to their hmfies. Ac- cordingly tlicy make all Ibrts of Idols , fome like Men, and otiiers of feveral Shapes, every one to Ills own lanfie. 1 hele tliey call Afoiki- fill, a Name comprehending all thiiiRs, which they imagine have a fecret Power ofhurtin};, ur d :i them good. 'Ihcir Priells arcallSor- teic; , or Juglers, that impofe on them by their tubtle Arts. Anzico Is a large Dominion np the Inland, remote trom the Sea, and among Mountains, extending Northward to the Defarts leadin.', to Ncgiii- l.wd, VVeflwavd it lies along Loaiif^o , Caco/i^o^ and Coif'o ; Southward it reaches to Anti^ol.i^ and Eaftward to the Lower n^-Ethiopia. This is reckoii'd as potent a Kingdom as moft in A frick, the fupreine Monarch having 13 petty Kings under him, and is call'd Aiutaco. Ihe principal Cominndities this Country affords , are red and white Sanders, and Copper ^ but it has more Rhinocerolil'j than any other, and tliey arc lent tiience to Cungo. All the People here are ae^ive, haudfome, vi- gorous, and undauiiteH :, but being very brutal, xhi h.uropc.Tas have litiie or no Commerce with tliem ■, for tliey are .Man-eaters , and fell that Helh as publickly in the Niarkets as we do Beef or MutUjii, believing that ceery Man has the lame Right to eat his Prifoner or Slave as his Cattel. Nay, the Children make no fcru- ple of devouring their Parents, or the Parents their (liildrtn. Ihey go all Nakv:d from the Walk upward, iiid every Man has as many Wives as he pleales, nev..r taking care for the Children, wliieh lomctimes the Mothers are in- human eiiou;;'i to devour, llieir Language is barbarous, tiieir Money only Shells found on the Cei.lt , and call'd Sywbof. Iheir Weapons are »'? very llronR, tho" fm.ill Bows cover d with Snake* Skins. The Arrows of a hard Wood, which they let Hy with a wonderful Dexterity. Be fides they life Battlc-Axcs and Daggers, with Bucklers. The Sun is their principal Deity, whom they reprefent like a Man, and the Moon like a Wo- man, belides whicii they liave abundance of I- dols. In this Kingdom are a People call'd 7.;xw. who are the cruellel^ of all the Man-eaters, anci h.ivedifperfeil theinfeivcs throughout feveral Parts ol Ajrak. The ancient /4«,(;«/r/« iiiy, thefc !7.»- ^"J arc Strangers who fettled in that Kingdom, and they are reported to have come from AVrr^ Lron.i^ and to have over-run all the Coall, till being weakned by many Engagements, and not able to return home, they went up the Country, and coming to the Frontiers o{ Afonomotapa, were there defeated, whereupon they fettled in yin' t/Vc, and about Anpola. Cacongo Has the Ocean for its Boundary on the Weft, the Iliver Lo.wgo Loitife on the North, and that of Ziire on the Weft and South, running np the Inland as far as An^ico, The Capital bearing the fame Nam?, is pleafantly featecl on the River feveral Miles from the Sea, well built for thofe Countries, anc plentifully fupplicd with Provifions. The River Cicoiif^o runs ciuite acrofs the Coun- try tromEaft to Weft, ;.nd fiills into the Ocean in about 5 Degrees J South Lititude. South- ward of the Rive-- is the Village of Muhmba^ where the Sea mak-s a Bay, and there is good Anchoring for Ships. All the reft of the Coaft to the Mouth of the River Z.iire is very dange- rous, being full of Rocks and Hats. The Coun- try is very woody and mountainous, and neither fruitful nor well till d. The Natives are falfe, changeable, quarrelfome, and yet Cowards. All the Trade is at AhUmbJ, where the Dutch and PortiigHtfcs fell fome forts of Cloth, Iron Ware, and other Commodities, which the Cicongej'es fell farther up the Country, and return Slaves. The Manners of the People and Religion are the liime as at Loan^o. 1 he Kingdom of Angoij is the Southern Part uf C.tcovgo next the River Zaire, and indepen- dent of It, tile Inhabitants being People of more Courage, and who would foon liibdue that Coun- try were they not kept under by their Neigh- bours. The Province of Lcmba, fo call'd from its Metropolis, is another Limb of CacongOj and fubjeit to it, and having a Copper Mine, is reforted to by tAiuropeans for that Metal. Congo, properly fo call'd. Runs along the Ocean on the Weft from the great River Zaire, which parts it from Angoi) and Cicu/igo on the North, to that of Coa/ii.a di- viding it hom Angola on the South, that is, from 6 to 10 Degrees of South Latitude. On the Eaft a ridge of Mountains feparates it from fe- veral Eaftern Nations little known to us, of which we iliall in its place lily as much as can be found in the beft Accounts. This Kingdom is generally divided into 6 Pro- vinces, viz. Saiiho, BJ/nbii, Smida, Pemba, Pango^ and Baita. Soribu, the firil and moft Northerly, H h h kie» .,'(. 11^ CONGO. I i tf! ties between the Rivers j?.i/>f and ylmhrtz.1 North and 'iouth, and reaches to Pcmha Eaft, with the Ocean on tlieVVeft. It is divided un- der fcveral petty Lords , who were formerly independent, but now lubjeft to the Kinj; of Covgo. The Capital callcl alio 5o;f/w, is I'eated 3 Leai^nes above the Mouth of the River Ldimittt. Befic'es it, here is a N'illage call'd I'lnde^ now become c onfiderable by the Trade of the Per- tiigiirjcs, who hold it of the King. Biimba is next to the Southward call'd a Duke- dom, and reaching from the River ylrnhnd a- bove-ineiuion'd,on the l>l.;rth, tothat ofCoii>ii.i!, partint" it from j4n^ol:i on i!ie South, with Pcm- ha on the Eaft. This Province has a Diike, or chief Lord, fubjeft to the King of CW/^o, and under him tlie Country is liibdivided into many little States not wortli naming, which all pay Cbedieiice to the Duke. Kitn.ba is alio the Name of the Metropolis, which is alio .1 very large Town, hut built as the others above-nicntionVI, the Houl'es at a diftance from one another, and all of mud Walls, but lome Churches are a lit- tle better Plafter'd. Its Situation is amidfi: Hills, far from the Sea,aud water d by two Rwulets.The Duke of liiimhdis the greatell Subjeft of Congo, and General of the Kuig's Army, iiaving abun- dance of i'st/dj, or lefler Lords under his Com- mand. The Hlacks here being generally (-hrifci- ans, as in the reft of 0/p,«. Here are abundance of Mulatto's, beini' the Sons of Portiigiicjei , and many white and black I'riefts. .S'. P<ml tie Lo:Mc\a\s a Town on thi. Southern Coaft of this Duktdoin, poflcls'd by the I'omigitep s ever (ince they firft difcover'd this Country, and convert- ed it, but many of the Inhabitants are Hlacks and Mnlattoes, thefe latter bred between the Wliites and the Blacks living there. This is the Capital of all the Paiiiiutfe IXiminious in thole Farts. The Ditich once took it, but were beat- en out again, f-lcre relides tlie liilbopc^f Co?7^o and Jrigotn, with a Chapter of 8 or 9 Canons. Tlie Religious 1-loufes are three of jf'iiit.i, bare- foot C.irwilitcs, and Fr.vnijciws. Of thele tlie fivfl keep schools, and all of them labour in in- flructing tlic Natives. The Ci^y is large aiid_ beautiful enough ■■, the Houies of the Whites of Lime and Stone til'd, aitd thofe of the BlacKs mud Walls thatdi'd. Ihe firft of thele are about ;coo, tlie number of the latter much great- Kir, becaufe Ibme Whites have one, two,or three hundred of them, and fome 5000 for their Slaves i for he who ha? moll is richcft, becauli; they work abroad, and pay their MalK-rs a fet Rate a Day. Two of them carry their Mafter about the Town in a Hammock, and a tliird holds an Uinbrello over him. Tfee generality of tlie Wo- m^ii here lord it over their Husbands , and fcarce ever fto to Church, ln« never f.ul of ap- peariiii', at all publick l)iverlii..is. Tlie Mnl.tttij Men, got between Whites and Blackf,arc a wick- ed Generation, proud and haughty, and nilult- ing the poor Natives without any Mercy, nor are rlie Wlrttes lefs guilty of ti)ii Barbarity , making no icruple to fell their own Children they get on thole pooi People. The Blacks are all slaves to the Whites, ana work for them, and all Chriltians, but by theircourl'eof Life they ap- ixa; to be none of tiie bcfL The current Coins tere aix- wh.<t they call AticcWiti, being pieces of Straw Cloth as bi^ as a large piece of Pa- per, anlwrrable tootu Brals InlleaU of Silver Ihey ufe pieces of Cotton Cloth as big as two Handkerchiefs, and worth about 18 U. each. Another finer fort is worth 1. s. 6<i. Tlie bell fort, call "d Bir,i/)ii, and aiifwenng our Gold is made of line I inen, and worth 7.'. (>ct or 8.'. each. No Gold, Silver, or Brals Coins are heie made ufe of. .s'/W.j is an Inland Northern Province along the River Zaire, Faft of Sonho, Weft r,( P^o.^o and North of /Vwt.j and Hutu; tlie Metropo- lis of it, and Relidenceof its \'iceroy i.; a large Town bearing tlie fame Name, towards the Eron- tieis of Pair^ii. Pcnihti lies South of Siind.t, Eaft of P^imb.i North of /hifol.i, and Weft of Batt.t. This is the prime Province, and in it the Capital City of all ' ofiii^o, by the Natives call'd Ji,ini..i, anct by the Porti:iitejfs S. SMvador, or S. Saviour wliere the King keeps his Court. It is alinof? ill tlic middle of the Province, about 150 Miles from the Sea, feated on a Hill that overlooks all the Country , and all fliaded with Palm, Limon, Orange and other 1-ruit Trees, wall'd only ill part, but the King's Palace is endos'd by it fell. The top of the Hill is all inhabited by the better fort, the meaner below in good Streets, but the Houfes all of Clay, except Ibme few the Portugucjcs have built of Brick. The Palace is as large as a little Town, ;ind witliiit It three Churches, and in the Town ten or twelve, belides the Cathedral, and feven Chapels. P'Wgo is to the North Eail of Siwd:!, along the River Z.iircy North of B.itta, and has tlie Mountains of the Sun dividing it from the bar- barous Nations. Its principalTown, where the Govemour relides, is call'd by the fame Name. This was once a free Province, but fuhmitted to file King of c «;;(;!) to put an end to tlie bloody Wars which had long confum'd it. Bjtta, formerly j^'^ifymb.t, is on the Eaft of Pcmb.i, South o\' Sii^fd.i, Weft of thole they call the burnt Monntains, and North of yJngoLi. The Aietropolis of it is alio call'd yt'./fr/, ftand- iiig ill a fruitful Country, all along the Road from which to S. Sidv.idor there are abundance of Houfes. To the Eaftward of diis l^rovince is another call'd Uiango, which according to an- cient cullom is always covern'd by a Woman, who is fubordinate to tlie N'iceroy of Batia. Thefe People,wlio have fcarce ever been vifited by t.mopcMs, report, that to the Eaft of them there are white Men, but not to white as thofe of our Parts. I his Kingdom is extraordinary well watcr'd by iiiiny conliderable Rivers , the chiefeft of tliele is the Z:tiii, coming out of the vafl Lake of the fame Name in the Kingdom of /V/j/;//;/!./. In the Lake it is contidcntlv reported , that there IS a fort of Kifhes which difler in nothing from Mankind but in the want of Speech and Realoii , and this t'.Eamis dc Puvm, a Miflion- er, who before would not believe it, was lliown by the Queen of S.ne,*, on the fame Lake, In the Rwer there ure many Mermaids , loine- what relembling a Woman in the Breafts, Nip- ples, Hands, and Anns, but the lower Part is perfect lilh, and the Head round, the Face like a Calf, a large Mouth, little l^ars, and round full Eyes ■, winch Creatures /■'. Merouj (jften law, t.;'d eat of ditui. Tiie t'ortiifjitjcs call it Peixe A/Me>\ that IS, Womans Filii. The River has alio Sea Horfe^ and other ilraniie forts of r^a- fures, CONGO and ANGOLA. ti5 luros , ir rm;s from tlic T ake North Weft, till '•oinii:^ loi!,e rnrdcrs of Ai/iico, ir there turns .i\v- to Sc.iit!) \\\([, fwclls roa ini^htv Body, ;iii(! formiiu', Tcvfral finall KLiiyls, at laft lofes it il!f ill llu'dtean in ah. nit 6 i.vf;recsof South latitude. Tlie other Rivtrsof moll Note here, ;ire the I.clittiiln, the -^/nfc;-/;/, the F.nccijni^ihi lft[[:il.i, the Lihom'O^ the Dmdi, and the CL- Summer htgiiT; I'cre in September^ and Win- ter m Ai:irch^ beinj; only a Rainy Scalon, which cools the Air and Ciround. The Multitude of Rivers wliicli overflow in tlie Rainy Seal'on ren- der the land eNtraordiiiarv fruitful, fo that they ^^enerally produce mucli Grain, and infinite 'nuantitics of Kruit •, belides abundance of l-'a- lUire, whicli makes l^lenty of all forts of Cat- icl and I'ouUry. The luimher of Elephant^ is very sreat, tho' fo many are continually de- ftroy'd, not only for their Teeth, but beranfe the Blacks eat their Flclli. A ftrange Creature here is that lhe\ call Zcbr,:, beinj; a fort of a wild Horl'e, (omewliat ftiap'd like a Mule, beau- tifilly lixitted black, white, red, and blue, and estraordinary fwifr. It were too tedious tode- Icend t(.i all other I'articulars. The Natives are f.encrailv co:il black, middle- fi/.'d and well lliap'd, and Ibr tlie inoft part liaiidlomer than thofeoi" (utinea. Tliey are haui'Ji- ty to one another, init courteous to Strangers, great lovers of Wine and Hrandy, and fuch wretclud Soldiers, that 20 FmrpeMs will drive leveral Hundreds of them. The whole Nati- on profefTes Cluillianity, but many of them on- ly in outward appearance, l\iU retaining many of their ancient Idolatrous Siiperftiticms. Yer the greater part are truly converted, tho' there he Vices amouc then' , as in all Chriftian Countries, and there is no doubt but that they might have perhaps exceeded many others had they fuftifient Inllrue^ion , which they want through the fault of their Climate, the excelfive Heats deftroyuig all the Miilioners, and deter- ring others from undertakiiigtl-at fuii(!>ion,and vet many thoulands have expos'd themfelves to thofe SutferniL' and Dangers for the Converdon of thole Peopk TheMen of Qiu'.hty wear fine Cloaks, white Shirts, and a pi cc of rich Cloth or Stuffwrapp'd about them, h'(K)ts on their Legs, white Caps, (}old and Silver Cjirdles, and Coral Collars. The Inhabitants of Towns are great Traders, Idling Slaves fo the l-iitiipc.:m •, t!ie Country People 'ollow Tillage, I'.iofe along tlie Z'ire Killi- ing, and I'elling of I'alm-Wine and a Ibrt of a Cloth they make. 1 his ("ouutry was difcover'd about the Year 14X4, bv tlie I'ortiigHcJes, who found there a fa- vourable Reception, and eafily perfwaded the King then reigning to embrace Chrillianity. Tins F.xample was follow'il by t!ie great Men firll, and then by the Commonaltv, to that all publick prarticc of Idolatry was liion hanilh'd. Since whii;!i time Miflioner>> have been continu- ally lent over to iulhuift thole I'eople, and ma- ny of tliem'elves being well educated, have been 'idain'd I'riellv, lo that the whole Kingdom lias tl'.orowly receiv'd the Light of tiic Oofpel, Angola ; Comes next to the Soutliward , extending along the Coaft, from the River Co. tnz.a, in <) Degrees of South I atitude to the Kingdom oiAfc t:inw!i, from which it is parted by a finall Ri- ver and a ridge of Mountains in 14 Degrees', fo that it lias Conpo on the North, the Ocean on the Weft, Afetamon on the South, and tyEthi'ipia on theEaft, becaufe we ftiall here include the King- dom of A f.dcml'ii, which more properly belongs to this Traft of Land than to AfoNonwt.ipa, tho it be under a different King. This Country isbeft divided into A/.gol.t, pro- perly focall'd, BemjicLi, md AfMemi'.t. ^/igola^ properly fo call'd, lies between Co/go in the North, the Ocean on the Weft, King-.id.i on the South, and Aialcmba on the Eaft. The £/.<- ropc;ins have given it this Name from the Foun- der of it, who firft revolted fiom the King of Cisw^'fl, for the Natives ftill call it Don/iu, which is the Name of the Capital City. Its extent on the Sea between the Rivers Ca.ifi7.i: and S.wfy. is narrow, but enlarges much up the In- land. J)o>ie,o, or f ;7i;.7i,c Pernio., is reckon 'd tlie Ca- pital City, fiated amidil leveral Rivers which water it and the Country about, ni the Norther;;- moll part of the Kingdom next the Frontiers of Ptw,ib.i and /?.!«..'. Tho' this be the chief City the King has, his Refidence at A{iipo):go^ at leaft 20 Miles South Wert of it, being no better than . a N'lllage, but feated on a Rock above 20 Miles in compals at the bottom, and fo Iiigh, that the top fecms to toucii the Clouds. All about it arc plcafint and fertile Plains, producing all things that are neceflary for Life, and tliere is only one diificult Afcent to the Rock, wiiicli being guarded, the King need fear no Enemy. Not far from this Place is Aluffiiigan^ fignifying ConjunfHon, becaufe it ftands on the conHux of the two Rivers l.nc*l.i and Comiz^j. Here the 7-'f/rf//(;/(f/fj have built a Caftle, and they are ftill Mafters of it,the Houfes being built ofStone. Rengitcl.i is the next Kingdom, and contains the rell of what was above afrnb'd to Atigol.t in general, terminating Eaftward on the King- dom ofALilcmb.i, from which it is divided by the River Ci>.tnz..i and the Mountains. The Town or N'illage of Rcngnd.i is feated on a Bay where there is go id Andioring in i; Degrees of South 1 atitude. By the Village is a CaiHe, and about it (even otlier Villages, all dcpenciing on it, and fubjeft to the Port iigucja. On the South fide ol this Bay is a Hat Mountain, whidi \\KPoiiigucjcs call Sombrero., becaufe at a diftance it fomewhat rel'embles a Hat. Af.inikicongo is anotlier Vil- lage full to the Southward, where the Portii- giicjes have another laftory. The Air of this Country is reckon'd very uii healthy, and the Difeaies here are many, as burning Tevers, which carry a Man otf in 14 Hours, Fluxes, Stupefaftion of the Limbs, Gan- grenes, Jaundice, Small-Pox, Ci-v. The land which IS well water'd is fruitful enough, pro- ducing all Ibrts of Grain, Fruit and Plants, and very good Sugar. As for Beafts, it has all the lame as Co>:go , and f> for fowl and Filh. Nor can any thing remarkable he added concerning their Manners, Language, or Coins, winch dittVr very little from what has been laid already. It is incredible nhat number of Staves are yearly traufportcd out of yhigot.t into ..V/'.fr.c,/, they being almoft the only Commodity the l'criiignej,> and other Nations relort thither foi. H h h 2 The ;•, , . ..ill,. 2 1^ Of MOUOMOTAP A, or Tlic wliolc Dominions oi An^olt v^ite formerly divided into iibmidantc of Principalities nnder fo many litt'c Kin^^'.s or VvnU, \-iha all pay'd Ho- mage totlie Kint^ofCowfo, till one of tliem call'd ^/;j;'"''iWitlitlic Aliirtauceoftlie i'onitgKcjes, fub- dn'd all tlie reft, and ertfted luvnfelf a Monardu ■-, \ct Jlill (i-ndnii; Prolont! to the Kin^^ of Ccm^u, and rtiiinickiM)' liim m all things that reprcllMit firandure. 1 lio' the Portufi^HtJa have taken much i^iins here to Kftablilli the Chnltian Religion, they have not vet been fo fucccfsful as in Ow^o. 1 he Cliriilians indeed arc very Nmneroiib, ci'pe- cially about the Coall, but (till there are many Idolaters, ic being very diificult to extirpate a falfe Religion in Countries of liidi valT I'.xcj it and nideed it is wonderful tliat fo much has \)^:u done towards it. Mileml'.t is a Mountainous Kingdom of a 'ar^' , Extent , Ealt of yt,noLt , Nurth of Mit.wi.u: , Wert of Mo?iocmiic,i, ard SduiIi of the (Jiaqius\ another more Nortlieni Mountain Nation, \\wv, along the Like Zurv. Of both tliefe, little'c;.,! be faid , no Fitropeain having ever been ainoiji-- them, they being a K.irbarous People, citha' over-run by the '/.i,;^;, or of the fame Dilpoliiioii thcmfelves, wliich is the Reafoii , no Travel lers dare venture to view them, and vvh.u lome may prec-ud to write is mere liueiition. CHAP. XVIII. or M O N O M O T A P A, or the Lower .ETHIOPIA. THIS is a vail Inland Part of Jfrich, fo little vifited bv Travellers, that we have but a very obfcure Account of it. The rornti^itrfes hisi. been the only People vvholiave ventnr'd fartliefl into it of any I'uyope.ifif , and theirs the fureft Relations ■, what elfe can be faid of it is all taken from the Neighbouring Kations, which Trade thither, and they being all ignorant People, give us very imperfeft Del'criptions. Tlie Lights we have of either Sort lliall be here coin- muniratcdj without running into tlie fabulous Sto- ries of fucn as liave deliver'd their own Imagina- tions for certain Truths. The Lower ty£thiopia commences where the Upper Ends-, that is, in about Sis Degrees of >Jorth Latitude and e.-ctends to ji South, being about 2200 Miles in Length, and i6 Degrees in Breadtli in the largeil Place from Eafl to Weft, amounting to 930 Niilcs. Thus we fee the greatcll Moiioemugi.r; 'Mujaco. • Macoco. Gingiro. C^ainoatc. Alaba. - Monoemugi, pro- perly Jo calfti, ' Alonfol. Stutgarii, 'Garni/,!, 1 AfiagOii. I Lemiia. ) ^g''A- ' Ciimiit. ■ Baf. k lOnocmugi Is the m>fl Northern of the two grand Divi- fions'befureinention'd, and therefore comes next inC'ourle, asKingEaft of Cri^r^'o, North of Ato- i:'K!io:;tpt, Weft of tlie Coaft of Zjw^^nebar and Soutli of NifbifAud yllyffliiiit. Its lirft Kingdon< 01! tire North, is Mnjaco Corilering onC^ .ja Weftward,onAW'i.; North- w'U'd , on Abyf/ifiiii Eiftward , and on Alarocu South\Vard. That the Extent of this Monarchy is very great, appears by the diftant Countries Part of it lies under tlic Torrid Zone, cxrcptin,, that which extends from the Tropick of C.:pri'- loYii to 31 De)fi'ecs Soutli. Its general OouiKKine^, are, A'oyffiii'u. ^ or the Upper ^Aithioplt on the North, the Coafts of X ///",•«•/;, i>- and the Oifrt:. on the Eaft, the (ameCoaft \-,^Cifii v on theSoutii, as alio on tlie Weft, withCcv.vo Iiigber towards the Line. Authors differ very much in dividing this vaft Region, by Reafoii of its Obfrurity in Regarcl tons, and therefore to avoid Confufiou we will follow thofe who have either )l\n foinething of it, or liv'd fo near as to receive the beft Infor mation. The great and general Divifiou is into two Parts, winch are Mmminrgi i>.\\^ Ahnomo- t.ip-i properly fo call'd , wliich again are Subdi- vided into their feveral Kingdoms and Provinces, as WP Ihall fee in the Table, with wh.U Towns we ran find belonging to each of them. .Monomotapa, prop, jo iiili'd. ' AloKOIIiCtJp.t. Monomotapa. < i^,,^^, liiiiambane. A loj.it. I. .) Jo:iioj. *• Zimhro. C Biititii. J Amar.i, <Roro. J Ci'er.i. ^ H.igala. {lubamb.iiiC. Giiiiibii. Inhamior. < Inktmior, its Confines extend to, and the Sovereign's great Power by his being in continual War wit!) lii', Neighbour tlie Emperor of Afiicncoy who could never fubdue him-, yet fuch as he is this is all the Account we have of him, and that from tlu' Peo- ple of O/^fl , who travel thither for Eleplunt:, Teeth, which Heafts they fay are Kill'd there by A Dwarfifh Breed of wild Blacks, living ui the Woods and feeding on that Helh. Macoco Fs the next great Monarchy bordering Nortli wards on A/njno, (iifi,''Jri> iwA C.iiubMe, Well ward on (.'vtiv,n., Southward on Afoiineimigi., pro perl. tlic alorelaid the Lo)ver ^ETHIOPIA 217 pfiiv fo call'tl, and Wed ward on the Coaft of /jMi.jieb.n-. Tlx; Natives of it are caU'd Ahnfoles, from Mn.jfll, the Capitol Town of the Nation, a I'liice of ru) Note, aiidari I'.reat Men-Faters. The King IS very I'otent, as havinp, 10 other Kings t!iat I'av l'onia<;e to him, and is faid toSlaiij^Iiter aoo Men,either Malefiftors,or I'vifonersot War, every 1^ V, to feed liis Couvi, as the more dainty I'k-lh, the ( "iiuntry liavinp, no want of Cattel or '.tlier I'roviftons. His Retinue is very nninerons, and liis Palace llatelv enough for that Countrv, his Wealtluonfifijnft in Slaves, mSaiiboj^ wliith are the Sliells of Lonnd.i, Bmfus., bcini; thole of Siidi.i, little \'iecesof StulTand liitliTriHes, which iliey tliere Value as much as we do (jold and Sil- ver. 1 !e always keeps a great Army on his Fron- liers to fecure them againll the Kins^ of ///y »fff, ahovc iiiention'd. Thi Poriiigncjhof La n/dj fend llten- Slaves, they call Poi.bcros, iired up in their llonfh to write and Cail Accounts, and of won- derful fidelity, into this Kiii^'.dom to buy Slaves, Ivory and Copper, in whicli journey they fpeiid a Year, and lomctiiries two, and from thein their Mafters Iiave this, Information of tliat Country. Fnn.'Crido IS oneot the Kingdoms Trihutary to the Monarcli of Mmch ^ and lying next to Ccuf.0 on the Wert , ;,5 is (Jiriii^jjo/nL.i another on the North-eart. Gingiro, Another Potent Kingdom lies between Ntrc.i, tl e Soiuhermofi Kingdom oi Abyfiiiim, and thofe <if M,uo<.n and C:n:l>are, North and liaft of the tirft of them, and \\\ft of the latter. Theareat kivcr Xibir. which ruiij. dwii wtoAficoro, al- itiofl enci'mpalling it. F, Antony t'ci»mdex. tra- vcU'd thr> ugh this Kingdom, being fent to find a Way Southward to the Coail by the Emperour of Ahyl/iiiuii becaufc the Ti.rks bad llmt up all the PaiTls to the Red Sea. He inloritis us, that Uiri- pro fig.iifies a Monkey, and fays it was a very Proper Name, the King very much refembliug that Creature. His State is e,\traoidinary great, and he contends with the Sun, for which Rcafoii lie never goes Abroad, or gives Audience but be- fore Sutirifmg, alledging that two Suns cannot appear at once. Tliis King is Eleiffive, and much Sorcery us'd in the Way oi chufnighimi all thofe of the 1 amily, who may be chofen, hiding them- lelves in Woods, and leeuiiiig to relule tlie Ho- nour, till it is forc'd upon thein. His Palace is no better thana('ottage, which when he dies is always burnt, and tlie Succelfor has a new one built him, which is dedicated with the Blood of two or three Men of a certain Family, killd at tlicDoor, and on that Account the laid Family is free from all other Duties, which are lb heavy that they render this cruel Coinpolitioii accepta- ble •, lor witen the King buys any tiling oi loreign Merchants, he pays them in Slaves, and tliole are the Soii-^, or Paufjitcrx 1' any I aiuily, which he takes at I'lealure, without any Contradiction. Cambate Joiii^ to tin- Kini^domon tlic Wcft,ha5 yibyUi,iiu on the North, W/.-fc.;, or the Country of the (/..'/.(j on the Fall, ;uic' /VLufi" on tlie South. This Coun- try pays louie i\cKui'Wleclguunt to theFjnperour of yiiM.,5^v.i..', whicli isonl\ voluntary, anclasfar astlieViople pleafe tiieinleives. One of the Pnn- ( ipal 1 owns he; e is call'd S.iiig.iy.i^ but of any. inoti ilie alorcfaid /•'. Antony ^iveb no Names, Alaba Is anotiier large Kingdom dill to the Eaftward of Cambate, inhabited by the cruel People call'd O'jilas, and reaching to the Coaft of '/..mgiieba;: The Prince is a AfahaiiictMi, but abundance of the 1 ords, his Subjeds, are rtili Idolaters of the worll Sort, offernig the Sacrifices of Human Hlood, and fparing none that dare Travel through theif (Country. Monoemugi, properly fo call'd. Follows next to the Soutiiward, lying in the Torrid Zone, and about the F(ininoe'>ia!, South o( A/.icacg, Wed of ZiWgiuba,; North of /1/w;«- motip.t, and Eaftof Coiiio and the Northern Part of AIa>io//i(ji.ii<.i. To afcertain the Extent is too difficult a Task, being a Countiy lb little fre- quented. There are leveral petty Princes oti all Sides, which pay Subjeftion to this Crown. The Country abounds in Gold, Silver, and Copper iVlines, and Elephants. The Natives Cloth them- (efves 111 Silks and Cottons, which they buy of Strangers, and wear Collars of tr.infparent Amber Heads, brought them from Camb.iyj ; wliicli Beads alio ferve for Money, Gold and Silver being too common and of little Value among them •, and therefore they give them, as alfo Copper and Ivo- ry, in Exchanga for thofe Commodities. This Mo- narch always endeavours to be at Peace with the Princes round about him, to keep an open Trade with Quilo.i, Afetindc Awd Moiibaz.t ontlieEaft, and Congo on the Weft •, from all which Parts the Black Merchants refort thither for Gold. Thofe Merchants report, that on the Eaft-fide of Afg>w emiigi^ there is a great 1 ake full of little illands, abounding in all forts of Fowl and Cattel. Be- lides Gold, Silver, Copper and Elephants Teeth, already mention 'd, this Country atfords abun- dance of Palm- Wine and Oil,;i;-.J fuch great Plen- ty of Honey, that above half ^( it is loft,the Blacks not being able to confumi it. The Air is gene- rally very unwholfom and .'cry Hot, whicli is the Reafon that noChrillians dare undertake to tra- vel this Empire, befides that the Jigos, who are the Cruellelt of Man-Eaters, lie on the Way and fpare none they meet. The Religion of this Coun- try is Idolatry, nor do we find that either Chri- ftianityor Aiahometanijm have gotten any foot- ing here, and the People are generally reckon'd barbarous and fcarce tradable. The principa' Names of Towns we find in this Country from the Relations of liic Neighbouring People, (nttfth.j, yijlagoit, Lciiiiiit, Agag, Cainut, BciJ\ but what fort of Places they are, we know not, only fup pofe them according to the Nation, to be mean and inconfiderablc. Mouomotapa, properly fo call'd, Is the other great Part of the Lower ^yHthiopi./^ reaching from 14 Degrees of South Latitude to about ;; lyUid the fame Breadth from Eaft to Weft, as was betore mention 'd in I'neaking of the whole. Iho' not very perfeft, we nave yet fomc bettor Information of this Region than of the laft, which we iliall take from M.wini dc Eaii Sonj.t, who had all the Accounts of the io>i,tgiicl(< that were in jt/u/w/z/odj^rf, and generally iiiter'dby the v;a-y of the River Chm/H'J, This Lim, M ■ i-n »!l m !■ *« of the Coafls of the C AFKE ?. I' * '.y 218 This Empire is divided into z% Kini;dom5,\vliicli are Moncas, Riroc^ A/anica, Bocfi, /l/./r /«i,'fl, ^f- }i!o, Chii/ne, Cijiriii^ Ckidima^ RciiniLo, fi/h.i>iz.'<^ Cbinil'ii^ CimdcUc.i, D.ibmi.i, Aic:i^.i:mbr, Atii- pilfi^ ^/niov.tz.11, Cimve, Chiingne, Di/ici, Roml<it, Rii^ni^ ChliVo^ Alocirarig.i ^ and Remo dc Bcz.,i. All tliis was urii;inal! V ■•■'•.ic great Monarcli v, aftcr- wardsdivided nito tinw, call'd (Juitive, S.^h.hut.i, and Cijit.Dig.i, which in procels of Time came tu break themfelves into fom.inv fmallcr Doinmions, vet (o that all or molVot ihcm Hill own the great Empcruur (;f Afofwi/wtitp.i. All thell" Dominions are certainlv the Richeft of tile World in Gold, no Mines affoiding fncli C^iuuitities of that precious Metal as thole i^( Afii- J'.ip.i, /1-/;//f/j/(,i anci /y.ir,/.;, in the lirii: of which Ji.is been foimd a Lump of pure (jold worth lioco Ducats, and another of 4coacx). Three great Fairs are Yearly held, to which ihe Merchants relbrt to Trade-, Tiiefirll at Immic, four Days Journey up tlie Country from the I'rontieri oi Zif.d.i :, the fecond at Bitemo ^ farther up , and the third at Al.tfafi.i i\'\\\ Ingfier. Ilie Capitalot this Umpire is of tlie fame Name, feated on the:j,reat River oftlie Mulyoholl. It is \erv large, but the Hoiifes ail ol' limber, neatly wliited both within and without, the Rixifs rifing on all Sides till ihey end in a I'oiiit. The Lmperoiir's Palace, tho' of Wood, i'; large, and divided into tliree Apartment> i one for himltll, another for liis Wives,aiid athird for Ins Servants. This they lay is all gilt or covcr'd witli I'latcsof Gold, as are the Chairs and otiier Moveables, except tlie Candleflicks, which are of Ivory hang- ing, by Silver Chains, and his Plates and Diflies of Porcclane, inlaid with Gold. The Einpcrour has many Wives, and is ferv'd even in the incanell Employments by tlie Oreatcit Men of the Nation. lintii.i is a Province and City of the fame Name to the Northward, towards the Mountains of tlie iMoon, very rich in Gold, and confequcntly much relortcd to by Merchants. I/ihambane is another Province on the Frontiers of A-forioemugi, lliut up among the Mountaiiis,theCapital whereof is call d ro/igiit; and the I'cople Idolaters , except feme few converted by the Jtfniis of late Years, th; Meat is here fo exci'llive. that few I'crtrvjicfesy.-z able to ctidiire it. Inhamia,- lies lower towards '";>)■ ^,;/.j and the River O/. ///;.-?, its Capital, nobriter tlian a \illage, where many yr//7,7^v/f/a us'd to relide for Trade. A/Mo»wt !pi in general is more temperate thm other Parts of yijVick , eipeeially towards the South, where it is out of the Torrid Zone. Tlie I and beipg for the inoll part well w-ater'd, viekls Plenty of l'aflure,^atid all Sorts of Grain, fulloif Trees and Sugar-Canes, which grow without the Help of Art, and yet the Country is not everv where inhabited. The Katives are rich in Cattel, which they value above Gold , and the Elephants are very Numerous. Generally the People arc Handfom and have lliort black Hair, and of a more ready Wit than thofe cf the Coair. Their common Food is Ueef,t!ieir Drink lower Milk,t!ieir Bread, Cakes of Rice, of Millet, or of the Root call'd Ati.i/ni:: Their Habit is a I'iece of Cloth of anv colour wrapp'd about their Walte, being na- ked upwards, with their Privities in a Calaballi. 1 heir Arms are IJows, Arrows, and Ja"elin':. Religion they know little of , nor have tliey anv !d(.ls, butacknowledge one only God, and believe there is a Devil, whom they call Af.iz.ico, and Iiaving no Knowledge of Letters, they fpeakof Things part by Tradition, and are veryinclmable to the Doftrine of ChrilUanity , fo that great Numbers have been converted by tlie Domii/'icuL^ wlio have feveral Monafteries there, and all free Excrcife of Religion is allow'd. Having had Occalion to mention t!ie Moimraiiis of the Moon, it is renuifite to inform the Reader, that they divide the U pper from the 1 ower i,£iln- opia, running ([uite acrols Jjrick from Eart to Wefljind of luch a Prodigious Height in Ibiiie Pla- ces, that they are tliouglit to exceed all otiiers in the World. Yet muft it not be thought a Miftakc what we faid above of liitin.i lying towards tlic Mountains ot' the Moon ;, tor there are fevera! vart Branches of them running out fundry Ways, and ftill retaining the lame Name, as Parts of the Whole. CHAP. XIX. Of the Coaft of the C A F R E S. T ^H I S is the Coaft running round the Sou- thern Part of yUrick, and compalTing the greater Part of the lower t/Ethiopia on the Weft, South and Eaft. It begins in 15 De- grees of South Latitude, and holds on to the Cape of Good Hope, in ^^^ which is 1200 Miles South- eaft , at the Hiid Cape it turns again to North- eaft to 22 Degrees of South Latitude, and tlio it reaches not fo far Northward as the other Way ■, yet reckoning the Bow it makes, amounts to no lefs Number of Miles. The beft Divifion that can be made of tliis Coall is this, Aiataimw. Cifres , properly Tj call'd, The Dutch Town at the Cape of Good Hope. Chtcanga, Sed.mda, Zofala. Zffda. iJiiiifVJ, (Mitcv.t. Mataman, h properly the Name of the Kings, tho" now appropriated to the Country, the People being ( a'l'd Uimkbai. On the North it i? parted from yliigolit by tlie Mountains of the Moon , on the Eaft by a Branch of the fame Mountains from Ato- nomot,in,r, on the South by the River Brav.ig:d from tlie Coaft of Cifres, properly focail'd, and OH the Wert it has the TA^tDiopkk Ocean, extend- ini; ing in Leng to 25, ahou 'Zone , a vi Tropick vf Here are frattering ^ SuhjecT to I tl'ere are lev King-, tho' and weak. the Torrid ] ren Sand, yi dncing all Si tain, till re All the Owf 18 Degrees ! Flack Cape ; the Bay das \ Cold Bay , ; Trees. The der the Tro the River of parts this Kii The Co; Extends fr meiition'd to again toward from which i Gh()|l,in aboi arenopartici itinOion can Families or 1 a;id lives in V has ever vifite and even t!ie (if Good H'Jpi the Coaft, ex who have bee vel by Land t iiigby theW or for Want i of thele Peo| Fiiropcaiis ha\ little there is h,!f made Me VVjiat is Hiid to the Reft , way of living throughout a ni:ill content fiiiine gives ol I'V.o,/ ij'cpc, w lateft we Iiav Spot. The Cape Minutes of S( /l.iithclori'en' j ft'/i/w miiiake <:! 149H, Th '■'/', or .'■irortn there met wit i',.ivcit the Na l-'ape of <i(/ed iifdilcoveriiig l^y-, is Harre 1-rodiu'd by n ili;it generally .eid abounds io\niiig to it i Top. Tlic lie bl« that Bcai The Coaft of the C A F K E S. ing in Leni'.tli from 15 Derces of South Latitude to 25, ahoul 600 Mil.-s, iuicl lies in the Tornd Z-oiie , a voiy fmall Fart reaching beyond the Tropit k t'f Capi-icurn. Here are no Towns, or Cities, bntonly poor fratreriiij; Nillncc;. However all this land is Suhjecl to one ablohite Monarch, under whom tl'ere ai e I'everal jiett^ Lords, who ftiie tlienii'elves Kiiu'.s tho' their Doininioiis be very hnall, poir and v>'eak. The Climate is temperate enoiif^h tor the Torrid Z,one, and tho' the ("oall: be all a bar- ren Sand, vet farther tip, the Soil is fruitfnl, pro- ducing all Sorts of I'rovilioiis, aiid in the Nloini- tain, tluiL- is much Crvlhl and fcveral Metals. All the Coall ashasbeen faid is a deep Sand : In 18 Degrees South Latitude is Cibo Ne^-o, or the Hlark Cape j in 21 that ol' fiiiy Pitrz., and in 2i the Bay das iVft/a, or Ciolfj Frio, the Snowy or Cold Bav ) about which there are abundance uf Trees. The little Iliand Einllwcns is alinoft ini- der the Tropick of C.-tprkoru^ and then follows the River of B>:iv.ighi,l , which as has been laid, parts this Kingdom from the rell of the C.ifrcs. The Coaft of Cafrcs, properly fo call'd, Fxtends frcm the Kingdom of Af.n^v/i.vi above meution'd to the Cape of (iood Hope , and back again towards t!ie Novth-eaft , as farasC'/;/r.w/;(, from which it imparted by the River of the Holy Ghoitjin about 28 Degrees of South 1 atitude.Hcre .ire noparticular Kingdoms,or States,but what Di- ftiiif>i(jii can be found among them is rather by Families or Tribes, each of which has its Chief, a;id lives in Villages (eparate from the Rert. None has ever vidted any of this Country but the Dutch, and even they only a fmall Part about the Cape of Gnml Hope, for others have only touch'ci upon the Coaft, except Ibine unfortunate Pomie^iiefcs, who have been cart away on it, and forc'd to tra- vel by Land towards Zn/^i/i;, moft of them perilh- iiigby the Way, either deftroy'd by the Natives or for Want of I'rovifions. The Great Barbarity of thefe People has been the Occaftou that no Eiii-opcaiis have veiitur'd anuing tliem , and the little tliere is to be got by ruiiiiinsj luch Hazards li.is made Men backward in expofnig themlelves. Whiit is faid of one Part of them may be anply'd totiie Reft, for they all agree in their orutal w.iy of living, and the Country is much tliefame throughout III! itsCompafs ■, for which Realbn we fli;ill content our felves with the Account Tin Rhine gives of the Hotcntctei about the Cape of u'(.oil Hipc. which will fuit;'ny others, and is the lateft we Iiave from any one that was upon the Spot. The Cape of (^ood Hope is in ?4 Degrees 30 Minutes of South Latitude, firft Uilcover'd by Rjithclonjerv Villi., in the Year 14^9, for Ich tiliiae miiiakcs in aliigning it tid i'.ijco dc O'-i'iia ;! 1498, The Dncoverers call'd it C.ibo Tetf/ieii- "/', or .'iformy Cape, from the great Storms they there met witii, but King 'Jabi the 2d oi I'ortug.d ;-,.ivc it the Name uf (,'../■« dc hncnj tjptrutiz.ii, the <>ape of (sood liupc, from the Hopes it pnjiniled ufdilcovering i\x l:.:J}-Ind',cs. TheSoil / tv/ A7^',f la\>, is Harrcn, atfording nothing but what is l-rodiu'd by much Labour ; yet all others agree, dm generally this Coaft ii.«< Plenty of Palture, a'ld abounds in Cattel. The Table Mount ad- joyiiiig to it is fo call'd from its Flatiiefson the Top. Ihc next is Liens Alouiit bcciiuli; it rcfcin- bl« that Eeaft at a Diftancifi Thefe Mountains are full of Wild Beafts, as Lions, Elephants, Rhinocerots, Tigers, C^r. and the 1-lains abound in great and (mall Cattel. For Birds there areOftric!ieb,Peacocks,Cranes,Storks, Herons, Geefe, Bitterns, Ducks, Turkeys, Hens, Teals, Felfares, Cormoriints, Partridges, Phea- fants. Lapwings, Nightingales, Snipes , Owles, SeaGulls, Martins, Swallows, and many peculiar to the Place. The Sea affords moft Sorts of Fiflj known to us, and many more we are Strangers to^ and as f(" Infeds here are as many as in any Part <A' the World. The People, whom we commonly call Cafrcs and Hntento'cs, are, as was faid above, divided intc; many Tribes or Families; their Barbarous Names will afford us little Satisfaftion, fince,as was faid, tliey all agree in the Particulars we Ihall give of them. They are generally Tawny, but reckon Bl.uknefs a Beauty , and therefore daub their Hair and Faces withGreafe and Earth of feveral Cokiurs. '1 neir Bodies for the moft part tall, well-fliap'd, and ftroiig, their Lips large, their Notes flat, and their Hair woolly. All their Ap- parel IS a piece of Leather hanging down before, like an Apron, the rell naked. The Women arc known by being more deformed than the Men, and Iiave two natural Labels hanging from theip Privities, which they are fo proud of, that they lliow them to all Strangers. In cold Weather, bcfides the Apron abovemention'd they wear a Leathern fort of Veft, hanging down to their Knees, and a Cap of the fame on their Heads,witli a Pouch hanging at their Back, to carry their To- bacco and otTier Necelfaries. They have no other Dwellings but little Huts, and all tlie Goods in them are Drinking Cups, made of Shells, and either Earthen Pots, or pie- ces of Trees hoUow'd to put their Meat in, which they eitiier roft on the Coals or cat raw. Being under no Reftraint from Confcience, or Educa- tion they indulge themlelves in all manner (jf \'ice. Laws th.-y have none. They defpife the Female Sex, and put them upon all labour. T heir Food is Beef, Mutton, Fiih, Butter, Milk and Sword-Grafs inftead of Bread. Their Weapons are Boivs and Arrows, Darts, and Javelins. "1 hey know no Wealth but their Cattel, and that they Trade with , exchanging it lor Tob.icco , Aqua- vits, and Coral, Glals, or Copper Beads. Some notion of a Deity they have and call God, the Great Captain, yet have Icarceany thing of Re- ligion, but that they Adore the Sun and Moon. Every Tribe and V illage has its peculiar Captain, which may fuffice in Relation to thefe Barbarous People. At tlie Foot of the Table Mountain the Dutch have built a Fort, where they keep a good Gar- rifon, and have Gardens and Orchards about it, betides much till'd Land, the Fort being grown up to a Town , and well inhabited , and this is the general Watering-place of their Ships in their \ oyagcs to and from the tajt- Indies. Chieang.1 is a part ol the Coaft of Cafres, di- ftingulh'd from the reft by this Name, anci ly- ing between the great River of theHoly Ghofr, and the little one of the Kings •, but on what account this reparation is made, does not appear, Ihice the Natives are nothuig more civiliz'd than thole already fpoken of, nor have they any Towns or otner thing of note among them, arid the lame may be laid ot the next Province, call d Sednnda, lynig between the aforefuid Kiver ol the Kings and that of Z-imhert. ^4*: ■W':i AFRICA Is! ISLAN'DS. Zof.tla follows next, which fome confine be- twixt the Rivers of Cnittnii and Zimbere, -.iid o- thers extend to that of the Holv-CjI'-fi, whidi lull includes the above-incntion'd I'rovinces of Chic.mi,:i M\(.\ Scilrtiida, and alfo the other not yet fpokcii of, call'd Oiiltev:! ■■, tliis greater extent is allotted it by F.m»mtl tie F,in,t y SohJj^ whom we lliall follow in the account of it, as being certainly the perfefteli, none bein(; f well able to give it as tiie PortiKiufcs^ who .irft fettled there, and have continued till tliis Day f<ir a- bove 200 Years When firll diftover'd, it was a Kingdom fiiblcft to the Empcrourof Alnnomo- flip), tho' it had a King refiding in it, being a- bout 250 Leagues in compali.. Many Rivers water it, and mofl of them rowl golden Sands. It generally enioys a temperate Air , and is pKal'ant, wholefome, and fruitful. Some l^arts feed mighty Flocks of Sheep, with wliofe Skins the Natives doatii themfelves becaufe of the cold South VVnids. Along the River C/(o;w the Coun- try IS mountainous, woody, and well water'd, wliitli makes it delightful snd populous. Ele- phants are here very numenms, and conllnuent- ly Ivory plentiful. Tlie Town oi Zof,i/.i ihnids upon tlie River of tlie liune Name, not far Irurn that of Cii.iiiut. tifty Leagues South Well of it are the ricli Gold Mines of Monica, eiicom- pafs'd ;o Leagues about with high Mountains. In thefe Parts there are the remains of Building's of a wonderful Strud lire, with Infcriptions olt them in unknown Charafters, but by whom e- vected the Natives 'lave no Account. Tlicv believe in one wod, wliom they call Afoi.imo, and ufe no Idols ■■, Witchcraft, Theft, and Adultery are feverely punilh'-.l. Tlieir Wives, as many .is they ran keep. Tlu belter fort ufe Cotton Cloatiiing, and that adorii'd with Gold. The Houfes are all of Wood v the Weapons Bo\v>, Arrows, Javelins, Darts, Daggers, and linall Hatchets. Lhe Women are fo much rei'peftfd tliat if the King's S( n meets one, lie gives licr the way, and Hops till lhe paffes. Of Qjiitcva we lliall not need, nor is there any tiling to add, tiiat being only a fmall Pro- vince belonging to ZojJa, and in it a Town which is miiih gone to ruin. Having thus run through the whole Continent of y?/WV^, we will next proceed to tiie Ulands belonging to it, whicli we have relerv'd to be Ipoken of all in one Chap- ter, as they are diftinit Bodies and only belong- ing to the Continent, as nearer to it than to a- iiy other of tlie Parts of the Earth, CHAP. XX. Of tlie AFRICAN IS^ ANDS. WE wiH begin with them as we did with tlie Continent on the North Weil, and fo proceed Southward, to the Cape of Good Hope, then turning to tiic Eall and North finilli the whole Compals of this Part of the World. Madera and Porto Santo Are two Iflandsin the Jtl,wtick Ocetitf, lying ofFWellward from the Kingdom of Fe;.. At.idi- r.iy the tliief of them was difcover'd in the Year 1420 by John 0'o!iz..iUz., and Trijhm r.iz., fent out to cliicover by Prince Hemy of Portu^,tl, who !7,ave it this Name of Aiiidera , or Wood, be- taufe it w;'s all over one conlinu'd Foreft with- out any Inhabitants •, but the Trees being fet on Fire, it run throughout, fo that fcarce a Stick was left ill it. The Latitude of it is 31 Degrees and a half, the Slupe Triangular, the Lenjjth a- bout 140 Miles, and the Breadth about 24. The t-ire having difcover'd the Land, it was found fruitful anci pleal'ant, fo that the fortii- p^ticfcs foon fettled upon it, and in procefs of tune built three Towns, the chief of them call'd Fi'.Ych.ii, whicli ib a Billioprick, and befides the Cithedral, has three Parilh-Churches, twoMo- nafteries of 5. Franiis, and a College ot Jefuits, the other two are Ai.mchicn, and S.tntu Cruz.. Tiie whole liland contains 36 Parilhes, 5 or 6 Monaftcries, 4 llol'pitals, and about 25000 of both Sexes, not intludnig Children, being fo full of Country-Houlesaiid Farms that it looks like one roiilinued Garden. It produces all forts of Fruit and Grain, has luffieient Cattel, and all forts of Fowl ., but the chief Trade is in its V\ me, fo rtronjj that fcarce any comes near it, excellent Sugar, whereof they make curious Sweet-meats, eipecially candy'd Citron, Wax, and Honey, and Dragon's Blood. About 13 Leagues North-eaft from it is another liland, call'd Porto Smto, not above 5 Leagues in Compals, and dilcover'd h\j Join? Znrco mATn- fliin Fni. in 1428. It is in all Refpefts anfwc- table to that of Ahdcra, and inhabited by the Portiigr.cla, The CANARY Idands lie tci the Southward of AlMiera, Weft of the Co-Aik oi Bikclnif^erid, being by common coiifeiit tlie Fortunate lllands of Ptolemy \ they are fo call'd from the greatell of them bearing that Name, and that had it from the many Dogs found in it when firll difcover'd, in 5p.w;}7; cal- led C.mes. That they were known to the Ancients is certain, but lay many Ages forgotten, till in the Year 1405, King "John of CtfUlc employ'd 'John de lietiwcour, a French Gei. leman, who again fuuiid and took polfeUionofthem. They are Icvcn in number, vi^. Piilin:!., Hicrro, Ciomerii, Itncrije, CirMt Ciiiariay Flier ic f'cntnra, and LnnL.iroie. PtUnui lies moil to the Wejt, except Hie-no, which is 12 Leagues South of it, in 28 Degrees of North 1 atitude. It is liriall, but the Soil very rich, having very good Palhirc, and pro- ducing much Wine, Sugar, and other Fruits. Its Wine is reckon 'd tlie belt of all thole 1- Hands, and much valued in all Parts. The Town in it bears the lame Name, and much refortcd to. /y/f/>o, or Fcrro M 12 Leagues South of Prt/wJ, and 8 Weit of Goim> .», in 27 Degrees of North Latitude, of Trade 60 Miles is call'd pher </ 07(c, Roi firil difa liv'd ill Anrellor- is the fai of the P liiil'dl he rely'd .Miles, an to be a I Hand is and here for it. (j'r.w C Name, is F^aft, \'m City of AFRICAn ISLANDS. 1 atirudc , beiiii^ about 6 or 7 I eagucs in Com- p.il^.On Uie Well I'oiiit hereof inofl modern (jeu- uraplKTs, and we after tlietn, place the firft Me- ridian. Thu' this Illand bi.- one of tliofo loiniuh reliii cd to, vet tlieie is a inoft muictountable Story told of it, whicli very many alTord Ut- ile Credit to, and the Relaters tlievnlclves dif- fer much in the Accoinit of it. In lliort, tliey tell us, th.'.t it is wjioljy delHtiite of Water, but what drops fiom a Tree ftanduu', in the midfl of it, whiih is receiv'd ii'to a Halon in fiuh qiuntity, tliat it not only fi'pplics the I- lland abundantly, but all Sliip^ that ariive there. They add, that tliis Tree is alwavscover'd with a Cloud, or thick Mill which fettles on it, and fo diftils into Water. 'Jttckfon^m Etiglijhmaii, who pretends to have incaliir'd it, favs, the Kafon under the Tree contains zccco Tun , and is fiird in a Nighc, but who Ihould make fuch .i Bafon orCillernin iliat Illand is what appears as incredible as the rcll. Nichols, another i>/^- liflj>/:.i/j, fpeaks of the Tree, and its'ferving the Illand with Water, as an Eye-witnefs. Many more write the fame, but take it by liearlay, and moll of them differ hi the Particulars, lb that nothing is decided, nor is tlie thing at all probable. However that be, the Illand is fer- tile enough, and bears Corn, Sugar, all forts of Fruit,"and plenty of Failure. Comr,! IS Eallward of Jlitmi, and loine fmall matter Northward. It is an Illand not well im- prov'd, tlic Soil I'ot being very kind , \et it has a fmall Town of the fame Name, and a Port towards Taienfe, whence fome Wine is ex- ported. 'Taierife, notwithllanding thutCrand Cmarit is the big.nell, and has given its Name to the reil, is now the cliief>.-ll, as being the principal Place of Trade, lyini', Eall of l-Jano, and is about 60 Miles inki ,th. The prhicipal Town in it is call'd .S". chijioval de l.i Lafi^iotn, or 5. Clrljio- pher if the Lake, befides which there are SMta Crii^, Kotav.t, Ri.ilqo , and (i.ir.ichico. Wlicn firil difcover'd, it was under feveral Kings, who liv'd in Caves , and kept the Hodies ot their Ancellors dried np like Mummies. In this ''land is the famous Mountain, known by the Name of the Peak o*" Tci:crife, reckon'd by tome the highdl Land in tlie World, but that is not to be rely'd on. The Afceiit is reckon'd about 15 Miles, and the perpendicular heighth fuppos'd to be a third Part. The bell Wme in this I- lland is that which grows about the Sea-Coaft, and here is a great relbrt of Ships from all Parts for it. (Jr.viC.Diari.t, from which tlie refl have their Name, is the largell of tliem, and feated to the Eall, Ibincwhat Soutliwarcl from Tiiicnjc. The City of Palmes, or Cmariii, is tile Capital of all the Illands, a Bilhop'sScc, and tlie Relklence of the Govtrnour,well Duiltjthe Inhabitants wealthy, and the Streets always clean. Befides this, there are feveral other fmall Towns. The whole Illand abounds in bruit of all (brts. Corn, Pallure, and Vineyards, as being inferior to none for l-ertility. t'Kcrtcvcntnr.t, ft ill to tlie Eallwaid of tile lall, is not above 12 leagues from the Continent of ■Afruk, and has tour good Towns, LM.igal.i, T:ir.itM,:, Poz^a Nipro, and h'liirtcveiitm.i. All lortb of Fruit grow here to Perfection, as does Corn •, but beni^ lomcthiiig Mountainous , it Z2f breeds infinite quantities of Coats, whofe Skins and Tallow are of conliderable value, befides that tlie Hcfli is good , and they inakv' fvc^'- lent Cheefe of tiieir Milk. Lan:..iroie flands North from the lall, contain- ing three Towns, C.iy.u^ux: L:t,iz..i>ote, rfcnudi A'.ws, and Puerto dc C.iv.ilhi, and is in all Points like FiierteviHtiii'.i. Thefe Illands in general mufl be hot by Situ- ation, as drawing ifear to the Tropick of Cwtr?- but cool'd by tlie Air (jf tlie Sea. Tlie Soil of thc-rn all is good, and produces every thiiu' ne- celliiry for the liipportof Human Life, but their principal Wealtii confills 111 that rich Wme whicli is thence tranfported to aH Parts of £;;- rvpe, and their Singing-Birds are known to ex- ceed all others, being much better than thole of the lame Breed brought from Cernauy. All the Illands being fubiccH to the Dominion of tlie Crown oi Spain, aixj iniubited b^ Sp.wruds, we need not add anythnigof their Religion, Government, or Manners. The lllandi of Cabo N'erde, ^ So call'd from being to the Wefiward of that Cape, lie between 14' and 19 Degrees of North latitude, and are 10 in Number, viz. S. y^«my.'u, S. KLcent, S. Litcut, S. A/icolui, S'J, Hou l^ijl.,^ Siimingo, M.iyo, Fa^o, and lirav.i. S. Antoiuo, which is moll to the North Weil, and not three L.eagues from S. Fi>iccia, is fmall, and inhabited by about 500 Blacks, under a Portitgnefe Govemour, without any Town but only a fmall Village of 20 or 30 Houfes, the rell fcattering about the Illand, wiiicli produ- ces all forts of Fruit in Pcrfeftion, and lome Goats, but has no Corn, nor any Tnide, lb that all the Inhabitants are miferablc Poor. S. Fwcem, as was faid, is three Leagues Eaft oi the lafl, about the fame bigncis, but affords no manner of Refrelhment to Siiips that touch there, except Water and an iiihnite quantity of Tortoifes, which come daily out of the Sea, are excellent Meat, and of a prodigious bignefs. Here are alfowild Goats, but I'carce ever above 20 or 30 Inhabitants. S.ima LiicLt is to tlie Southward of both the lafl, and bigger than they put together, high and hilly, well wooded and water'd, yet gene- rally has but very few or no Inhabitants. .S. Nicholas, South Eaft from 5. /.w/a, not in- ferior to It in bignels, little inhabited, and the mollCreaturesit produces are Cats and Goats. The5.(/f l/land, focaird from the great Plenty of Salt it affords, is very fmall, and lies Ealt of 5. Nicholas, It has a good Road, but the Soil, is barren, yet it is frequently reforted to by Ships for Its Salt. Koa f-'ij}.i has the Name from its agreeable Pro- fpeftolfat Sea, and is South of tlie lall above, being mucli of the fame majniitude •, only inh.i- bitcd by poor, wretched People. A'layu , or the Illand of /I'/'j', lefs than any others, and to the South of lioa yiJLi. On the North tide of it is a gcwd Bay and Road, and on it a little Village of 10 or 12 Houfes. The tiround ot it is Rocky, and confequeiuly pro- duces little Grafs, yet it ha^s abundance of wild Goats, and Ibme little wild Horfes, Alfes, and Kinei thofefew People there arcou it have buc an uncoinlortable Life. 1 1 i i'liritia^Of m i'ilS,«l, iii AFRICAN ISLANDS. Saii'tii^o, the bi};geft of all tlicfc Flliuids, lies \\'v(k oi Aliyo. Ill it is a Town, wliirli tlie For- iupticfcs call Pr.iya , or the Strand , betwixt two Bays , wltcre there is. a rjiiliop , tliis heinj; the Capital of all the Ulands, and near the Shore, where the Ships generally Anchor, there is a (mall Fort. ro:o and IWuvn are two otiier very intonfide- rable Hluids South oi Stuitltgo , in wliich tliere isNothinfi w<irt!i otilerving. Some II liave tliefe lllands to be tlie Corc^oncs in J/f/.r, otiiersllie Gor^Mlfs of/'/wv, and others the Hcj]in-ldcs of Ptolemy. The firll Dilcoverv of tliem in later Ay,es was by Ai:to>i)i Xolf., xChthi- tie, lerviiif, the Kwii^oi Port i!i;:i!, in the Year I4<')(''. 1 hey are Siihjeit to the Crown of Puriiiii.il •, molt of tlie Inhabitants Blacks, except fomc tew Un- fortunate Po;iii:;iiefes, whi) know^ not how to live elfe where , and therefore paf'i their Days iliere in I'ovcrty ar.d V\'aiit, haviii;^ no Trade, nor any Relief from abr<uid , but from thole tew Ships which toiicli iher:-, linne Tnnes for Water, Salt, tjoats, loi tones, ui Huit. lIlaiuK from i!ic ("lolf of (jii'iua, to tlie C,[0'c of (jood liiip,. Tlie Ili.tnd o( thrin/iio Pu , I'o call'd from its flirt Difcovcrer, is in tluee Deforces and a half of Soutli Latitude' , near tlie ("oali: of Ciiiim\i and C.'u/:,:'>j is not iiuonllderable fir liignelV, bi.iii.4, above ;Oi\lle-iin 1 cii.'.th and ?.oover, very Ivglt, prodnriiii' AfaiiJiit.i Koors, wlu'ieof tliey make Bread-, as alfo Tabaco, l\.ui', .nid .ibundance nf I ruit- The t.i!y-jp(.i>i> never touch at it, unkis It be for \Vater, becaul'e the Natives are Savage, and Hy as lo()n as they fee tliem. Tlie Prime's //luid, is next, lyiiii^ Soiitli-wcll of the lalT, and about ^o I,caj',ius from the Con- tinent. It is fmalL-r than the other, and inha- bited by Portupjieja, Mnl.ut01.5and Hlacks, who Itave many Slaves, wliom they employ in Sut^.ir- VV'orks, Plantiiiii of Tabaco, and Sowiiu', Rice and otlier ( jrain •, Some Cotton alio i;rows m it, which the Women fpin f )r their own Ul'e. They have Plenty of Swine and i'oultry, and as much i'illi as they will take. On the Sea-lliore is a fmall Town of about 200 Iloules, defended by a iinall I'arapet and 5 Pieces of Cannon. S.'lh'i/ihii'i lllaiid is direftly under tlie line, between 40 and 50 Leagues (rom the Coall of (■9>i,]o, i^lmort Round, and about no Miles in (^ornpafs. The Poringucfcs difcover'd it, in the Year 1471, on S.ThoM.u'i Day , from wliiim it had the Name. It was then all one entire Forert, havni;^ never been inhabited, but they Peopled and Plaivted it, liiice when it prodivces vaft (juaii- titles of Su<';.ir, but no Wheat, by reafon of its exceliive Heal. Their Chief Town is call'd Po- 'Vu ft', and is a Billiop'sSte, containing 5 or 600 Poiiiu\Hcjc Families. Aiiiwbun lea ted towards the 2d Degree of South r atitude,lbme Leagues to the South-well oiS.Tha- !>!■!', is about 10 Leaj^ues in Compals, well fur- nilii'd with Necelfaries for Life, and inhabited by a few lo.twuejc Families, and many Blacks ^ who have a little Town intrendi'd , to leciire it a^ainlt any Enemy. ^'. ALitihr.r> is between the Second and Third Dei'.rees of South 1 atitude, a'oe 100 Leagues di- llaiit from the nearell laud, which is that ot Oiu- nea, but Delart. The Ill.uid ot j4jlenfmi, another Iinall Place not inhabited, lies between 8 and 9 Degree- ot South Latitude, above 200 Leagues from aiiv Land. Ships often touch there for Watir and Tortoife-.. ti.Nelaij, fo call'd, becaufe difcover'd bv the Partuf!,iiejcs on tiiat Saint's Day, lies in i6 Decrees 15 Minutes of South 1 atitiide ^50 lA-atiues North- wcfl: from the C.ipe oU[ood Hope, ;^o Well from yh/rol.i, and 510 Fart from fl>Mi./7, being the far- tliert from any Continent we I.now of, and vet not above 20 Miles in Compais. It is ail fur- rounded with high and inuccertible Rocks, except on the f-^all fide, where there are two Iinall lia\s, and good Anchoring for Ships , under the lliclter of the llland. In this Place (Linds a fmall Fort inaintain'd by the J-'f-f^liJ/j, who are poll'efs'd of tile llland, and tlie only Inliabitants, being very few in Number, as may be imagin'd of fiich a fmall and folitary Place. Tho' tluis l.onelbme, it ishealthvand plealiint, the great Heat being tem- pci'd by theconllant Winds on tlie Hills. The A' uiiitains pour down excellent Water, which liipplies not only the Inhabitants , but all Ships that touch tliere in their Way, to or from //.JA/, M>.'rt of it is Rocky and Mountainous, but the Valleys produce all fortsof Herbs and Fruit, tho' not inucti Cjrain,becaufe the Rats dertroy it. Ihe Mouiitanio fwarm with Wildlioats, and there is i',re,it rtore of tame Fowl bred about thelloufes. lielidci there are Wild Boats md li)me Horles. The J-M^liJ/j have kept Pollvilion of this llland many Years, for the Conveiiiency of Watering and the other Refrelhments the L.i/i-Ii.uli.i Ships tind there, the Sic': generally recovering when they are but a few Days alliore. From this tor- ward we meet wiih 110 llland worth mention- ing, till we come to that u( M.ul.ii^.ilc.iy, which is one of thelargert Illaiuls hitiierto known in tlie World, extends ahoiit 1000 Miles ill Leiigtli, and above zoo m Breadth, in the widcrt Part, being ieated between the 12th and the 26th Degrees oi"S<JUtli Latitude, on the F.art lide of Afruk, oppofite to tlie Coarts of the C-ijics and Zi--i^mV.ir ; Mi:.t»ibiqiie being the nearert Place to it 011 tlie Contiuenf, from which it it dirtaiit above 2Co Miles. The Portitgiicjss, who firll Difcover'd ii,gave it the Name of S.Lm- >eiiic; the Natives ca" it Altdcajc; i\m Arabs S.ir.iruiib; and the t'rchch, l.'ljie D.:. pij.iie, or .he Dauphin s llland. The Length of it runs NortK- eart and South-wert. All along the Coall there are many plealant Rivers that fall into the Sea, and good Bays, which atford lafe Anchoring tor Ships. The hirich have made the greatell Difco- veries both of the Coall and Inland, as being the only People, who have had a Settlement there tor many Years, having built * Fort on the Souther- mort Part of tlie Eall fide of it, which they call, the Dauphiii'i Fort, in about 25 Degrees 6 Minutes of South Latitude, whence they have coi.quer'da confidcrable Part of the llland, and are long fincc fetled in Peace with the Natives, many of whom they Convert. I lere is great Plenty of Iron, and fome (.jold is found in the Mountains, but the (.Jiiantity fmall, and the Value inconliderable •, as alioCryilal, lopazes, Ciranates, Amethitls,Eagle Stoncs,tmeraudi,Sapphires,Hyacyiiths,Jafperaiid Blood Stones. No Place abounds more 111 Cattle, bcfides which, there are infinite Numbers of Mon- keys, abundance of Wild Dogs and Cats, befides Porcupines, Crocodiles, Snakes and great N'ariety ot 1 AFRICAN ISLANDS. iz% of FowUaiid V\\\\. T!ie Piodiift of the Earth is \v) k'U v;ivious ■, tor it pvcxluccs alL forts (if Grain, Vrr'rat'.d Want'; known toils, hefidesm.u'.y more wc ,iii; STranger-i to i a>. alli> fome I'epper, Ta- h;ii-i-, Siii'.ir, and all tliefi: Thini^s , fKcept tlic lift, inav be gatlicrct twice a Year. Nor is this all, for till.' Trci'^ and Shrulis vicld the Gmn cali'd 'I'ac.im^ifi', Franknicenle and Bcnjainini The Sta often throws np Ainber-grcire-, the Wild Bcafts \ield Mnsk and (itvit •, tlic I and has Talk, or l;.ins;-«lals for t!ie Windows, inflcadof Glafs', as alio Salt- I'etcr, and good Coals in Pits. The Towns and Vilhu'.es differ only in ljii;ners, asron- filfmf', onlyf lints or (-otta^es, onlv the Houle bclon^^nu; to i!ie 1 ord of tlie I'hice, islari^er and more lolty tlun the Reft ^ yet thefe Dwellings have i^eneralU a Dittli romid them and are Pali- lado'd. Tlicir cliief Wealth confilb in Cattcl i their ordinary Diet is Milk, Rice and Roots, and i'oine Heet, and ihev make a Drink ol Honey, and ofbu^ar •, tlieir Uabita lort of Mantle about their Shonkler-;. and another Cloth wrapp'd about their W'aile and hanniiu; down, with Sandals on tkeir 1 eet, and a Tlnnf^ like a B.isket on their Heads. All the Natives are Black, except thofe of one fmall Province, on the Weil Ik'e next the Tri>pick oi Ciifiiiiuin, who are Tawnv , and mofl of the Chief Men, who lay they are defcended from the yiriib.'. They are generally of the lari^er Si/.e, jftiv; and fierce, ready enoufji at any Handicraft, write Arabick ("haraclers, and are addiiled to Allrolony and I'onietliinn of I3ivination, and ex- tremely «omplairant to tlieir Wives. As for Rc- lit;ion, theyh.we no particular I'laces of Wot' lliip, nor Prielis, hut ufe Circuincifion and be- lieve in One God, Creator of all Things, yet pay him no Adoration , living only according to tile l,iw of Nature, and confeliing their Sins. They alio believe tliere is a Devil, whom they inuthl3rcad, b\ the Nameot 'T.iiv.idcy, and that lie is tlie Author of all Evil, as God isof allGood-, ami (liertlore tliey adore and endeavour to ap- peale that nnkhievousSpi: it. Nonecxceeo them ill fuperlfilioiis Obl'ervaiionsot'Signs and Tokens, and tlie\ h.ive .ihuntlance of ridiculous Fables coii- ceniing tlie Biguinmgof the World. I here are many more iinall Illands about /)/.;- djgiijiiir , as thole' of John ac L.-.ibti.i , AJaurke., Al.:lc.iii/:bii.i^i^c. on the l":il\ lide,C6v;.(r.j, 5. Chii- flo()ljci; the Ht,ly(ih:fi, and others on tlie North- weft, and more along the Coail of Z.ingiwb,!)., wliich have nothing I'articular worth our defcri- biiig. Xi at tiieMoutiiof the Red Sea, we cali'd Af.nz.1, upon a Rock, and almofl cut of! from the Ifland by a DecpTreiuh cut in theRofk. Itis extraordinary wellfortitv'd with Outworks, after the Modern manner. The Streets are large and ftrait, the Houfes loftv, all of Stone, to the Number of about 2000, with Hat Roofs. >' !iC Gates are three, one to the Sea, and two to the I and, the Churches 7, that of S. John, the Pa- tron of the Order being the chicfeft. Here are alio 6 Palaces, for as manv Nations as the Order confifts of, being thofe ot I'rozcncc, Anvetpie, France, /t.ily, Aragon \\\i.\C.:l},lc; there was lor- merly one for r>:4.i.:d, but that isabolifti'd. Be- fides thefe, the Great Mafler has a Magnificent I'alaceof Ins own •, there are alio fome Monalk- ries, and a Noble Hofpital, where the Sick arc ferv'd in Plate, and by the Knights of the Order themfelve?. The Arfenal is ftord with all lorts of Necefl'aries for War. The Caftleot 5. t/wy, feated on the Point of Land next the Sea, from the City and lounded on a Rock, is a regular Work of Modern Strufture, and defends the City and I'ort. On tlie other Side of the Port is the Caftle of .V. Amlo, and behind it another Town, cali'd C,n.<r;fi/Wtfp, the N'iftorious City, becauie it held out a Scige aganill the Turks. Belides thefe, there is the Town of N. A/u/ak/, cut off from the lllaudby ;'. Ditch, and CttiaFci.- chi.i, or tile Old City, otherwife cali'd /I /f^/'w, in the midft ot the Iftaiid. There are many \'il- lages and fcattering Parifties, which do not de- (erve any particular mention. The Natives hold that the Land of this Kland, which is like a foft Stone , was blefs'd by S. I'miI when he landec? there, after his Dangers at Sea , and they tiiid abundance of Lyes, Tongues aiicl other pieces ot Snakes, fo lively reprefented in Stone, that no- thing of Art can exceed them. Thefe they lay were left there ever fince the Apoflle fliook the N'iper from his Hand, and they pretend they are an Antidote againflall i'oifoii. The Soil is natu- rally Ifony and barren, fothat it yields not half the Subliftencc necelTiry for the Inhabitants ■, yet Iiiduftry has made feveral curious Gardens. Men and Women of any Note are all clad after the /taliati Falliion , the Meaner fort wear a clofe (liort Waflcoat with a Hood behind, and a red Cap. AllStrangers i'.rc clad after their own Coun- try manner. There are thought to be 40000 Souls living upon the llland, whereof 25000 Men able to bear Arms, many being Knights and Soldiers, wiio are not Married. A-f.ilta was anciently Sub- jecl to the CirihagDii.ins , next to the Rohimu. e an Account. o(", togvther with the Coall of After ihan \hi; A /uho/ncia,u poftels'd themfelves of it about the Year 828, but were again expell'd in IC90, by Rof,cf, the Nurmaii, Earl of Sicily ^ from which Tune it contiim'd annex'd to the Crown of Sicily , till the Emperour CIjmIcs the 5th being Mailer of that llland, gave it to the Knights of S. Joim 0/ JcriiJ.dem, who after being expell'd the llland of A'/joiVj by the Turks, in the Year 1522, had wander'd about from Place to Place, without any certain Abode. In ij30,theY took PoiTellion of this llland, and that of oow,' a Iinall one clofe by it, granted them, as has been laid by the Emperour, where they have coiiti- lui'd ever fince,aiid thence calld Knights of .I/i^/m, defending it bravely againil the 'lurks, when attack'd by them , and they have always done great Harm to thofe InficJeU, being ever atooeii War with them, and takiiu; uumy ol'their bh'.js. Aiu.ui, and the Illand3*in the Red Sea, do not (Jelerve any peculiar Delcriptioit. It therefore only remains that we proceed into the AhUiter- ■ ■■■:cii;i, and lay fomethiiig of the llland of M A L T A. Which, tho' much nearer to the Coafl of S:cily,_ s \et b-«- mort Cjeographers reckon 'd as a Part of Au-ick. Lhe preleiit Name is only a Corruption ■•■f the Ancient, whitliwas Mcllm. ItsSitnation IS ill the ',6th Degree of North Latitude , the length about 15 Miles, the Breadth 7, and the t'lrcumlerince 40, the !-onn almolf Oval, with li'verai Harbours on the C^oafl , deleuded by as uuiiv Caiiles, and the Pofitioii is South of Sicily, .iiid North of lr:puli ill B,i>b)i>y. f^!ileita fo cali'd lioin 7' ^ " i«' r.T/i-rffjthe Great Mailer that Fouiid- 'J it, is the C.ipitiil Town , built on the Port l'**. Mlii I i i a J Leaf 2 2 + AFRICA. ji Leaf of the Cop^ heln^ \ftflaldy thlt Account of the f^iVey Nile which jljould have been hi/erted in our Vefcri^tion of Egypt , iWJ omitted by the Trinter. '^■p^IlE Riva- NILE is fo inncli talk'cl of, I as Wt'll oil account of its Anmul ovei- .-*- HfAviiii; and ftrtili/iii^; Eeiypi,^ the !ciij;t!i of its Coiirll-, that evtry body has Iicard its FaiiK". Anil it therefore \vc ftrctch a littk our iifual bre- vity in Spcakinf^of it, wchopc we lliall not offend unr K Cider-. riu- Source or fountain head of Nile was in fucli '.brrnritv ui ancient Tunes that it became a Pro- verb of Similitude to an milrutable thini;. Nor was even the Learned I'lolcmy ri;;htly inform'd of it, for lie and all others after hnu till of late, laii' it in tlie loth Degree of South latitude, in the I oww'Aithwpi.t wliere is i;ow theKini;dom oLUo- »'ieii:::gi^ where, fays he, it ilVues troui two I'ools or lakes !•, nn', at fome diilante F.atl and Well, ".vhich being encreas'd by the melted Snows from t!ie Mountains of tlie Mijoii overliow, and unite in one Channel, vvliith bv the aeccis of very many 'ither Rivers, is encreas'd to the Magnitude we (eeit. Thus tliecomiMon Opinion tUxxi, till the Jeluits and other Miliionaries ui the laft A^e tra veird into the heart of Ai, iu, and have by osiilar Tellimony dilcover'd tliat the River Nile prima- rilv ilfues under the nth Dei^ree of North Lati- tude in t!ie\\cllern Fart of the Upper -yEthiopi.i -^ in the Country Coyame^ which is u l^roviuce of j4byf/ii!ia : There two lluall Springs itl'ue, in a ver- dant Plain on the Side of a Mountain, which foon unite and make a fmall River cail'd the yibawis^ and after a coiirfe of about 20 l.eai;ues North- ward it turns Eaftward , and running about the fame length that way, falls into the 1 ake of Dam- /'f<(,whcnce ilRiing on the South, it makes a Courfe ot zo or 30 leagues that way , then turns to tiic VVcIf, encircles the I'rovince Goy.wie, and then turns Its courfe Northward between Ahy^>n.iA»d Niibi:i, palfes thro' Egypt, and finally empties it ielt uito the Mediterranean Sea. It is encreafed by many Rivers in its courfe •, as the O'em.t, ancl two other fmall Streams near its head , the B.iJJAo, che Kejcm and iomc others,as it encircles 6'nj/.<;«f ^ the M.ilcg and TMcaz.e larger Streams, in the 15 and 19 D. Lat. and the M/^/./avery conliderable River in the 25 D.of Latitude •, with many others, But that tlie Niger R. idues from the lame Foun- tain with A';/f, as has been maintain'd by tlie An- cients , is not lo, as we have told you when we fpake of t!iai River in V.ige 205. It's courfe is :ioar 1500 Miles, but its breadth is not very great, for Tijcvaio'- compares it to the Seine •, nor is its Stream very rapid. In its courfe it has Seven Ca- taracts or Falls, wherein the whole Hod y of tlie River falls Perpendicular fi'im a very great height, ■nid canl'es a Noife that is heard feveral Miles off. At its Hux into the Sea it is divided into two oreat Brandies, and formerly five more fmall ones, wiience it was laid to have feven Moutlis,but thefc are lo clioak'd with Sand , that they are liardly diicernable. It is a little oelow the ancient City Afeinphi', where the Town liid.ic now (lands, that it brancheMmt, and compofing a Trianf»lc whole bottom 13 the Mediterranean Sea, was iiam'd by t!ie Ancieiii? the Delr;i iVoui it'^ Similitude to that Charaftcr in tlic (}reek Alpliabct. The Moutiis of tlie two great Streams are, the Eaft at l).:m,eta^ and tlie Weft at Rofetto. This is the only River in Egypr^iwA the only Water they have to Drink, wherefore all their Towns are fcated near if. Banks. The Water is muddy, but they h.ivean Art to clarify it, and it is very wholfom Drink. It affords but little Filli, but abounds with Croco- diles, a Creature of ravenous Nature, and by his devililli Nature ()f loving Man's Flelh is very ter- rible : It is in form like a Li/ard, with four Legs I and a long Tail, and long Snout \ arm'd with a wonderfully llrong fcaly Coat, which renders liim alinoft invulnerable •, his Mouth is very long, and Ills laws arm'd with long and lliarp Teeth •, and has thefe two Peculiarities in his Mouth, namely, has no Tongue, and moves his Upper Jaw while his under remains fix'd. The Crocodile is amphi- bious, and lives at I and as well as in Water, is oviparous and lays her Eggs in the Sand, whidi warm'd by the Sun hatches 'em j it grows its whole life, and lo from 4 or 5 Inches, grows to 20 Foot ill k.igtli •, and IS exceeding Strong. The Encreafe of the Nile, is by fome attributed to the great Rains that fall in ^/-Ethiopia at that Sealijn :, by others, to the melted Snow from off the Mountains •, and perhaps by botli, as the Ri- vers in the India extraCangem are in the fame man- ner annually encreas'd, as we told in its place \ the great River Niger is obferv'd to overHow iii the (iime manner. Of the encrcafe of the A7/f, Mr. Thevciiot has treated very particularly, from his own Obfervation on the Spot^the curious Rea- der may coiifult him for the tarriff of every day's rife of the Water, which not being fo generally delir'd, and withal is of fo much length, that it might feein tedious and impertinent to tranfcribc it here. The fuvn of that account is, that it be- gins to encreafe about the Middle of M''y , and continues encreafing by eafy additions of 4 or $ Inches a day till the Middle of September, and foinetimes till Otlubcr. Hecaufe the Egypiinns re- ceive fo much benefit by the Inundation of their Land , they are careful in obfcrving its Rile. They call tlie Meafurc by which they obferve its rife Pic, which is 24 Fingers breadth. When it is rifeii i6 7'/cVthey cut the A'/m/;.' or Bank that is made to confine the Stream, which is pcrform'd wit]i great Ceremony by the Baflia and his Chief Olticers. On the 28 or 29 of June, a folemn Pub- lication is made of the encreafe of the River by a Cryer. whofe bufinefs it is to declare every day after that day what addition of Water is made. The Year Mr. T/^ewwaf was there, the Water of the Nile was encreas'd on the 28 June 8 Pic's ; on the 1 4 ^iig. It being rifen to 16 Pic'f the Khalis was cut, and continued encreafing to the 22 Sept. on which day it was rifen to 21 P'c'j and 16 Fingers breadth, which we may reckon to be above 40 Foot. After that day the Waters decreas'd, aud went off in as gentle a manner as they came on. Tlie V\'aters overflow almoft the whole Land, for it lies lb low, that the River from one Furlong's brcailth encreafes to -lOO Furlongs. A T H I'ropxik P A t'eoptck A General ^ itjf General and Particulai: DESCRIPTION AMERICA. America S h»t!'M'!' .^!:i;*l ■ > r 1 Mil li'':^ iir> CHAR 11.1 c 11 A P. r. or A M 1- Pw I C A in General. Tins l.ill and nvoatcft I'art, of tlu- F..iu- tlk- World IS divided into, lay totaltv I'lirv'd 111 C)!i((untv, .nid iiiiknowii to ilii- otluT 1 liiw, tor 111 inaiiv Ai'.csas pals'd tVom the • 'riatioii till tlic Year of our lord 14'j;, wlicn tirlV difrovcr'd bv tlu* I'viT renowned Ciiijiiplxr CLfn.biiy .1 (^/'(v.'f/., Imi cmiMoy'd b\ Ifrdmiiid and /■//•;.•/ !•.•'■, Kiiip, a'.. IQnecnot'.'jpi^". It is id vain to loiin to onr ll'lvci vain Notioiib ot the Aniicnts lu'inc, aiiiiuintcd witli it, on Arcoiint o| l'liiii\ Ail.unti , and liicli ^ninndlds Hints in <;tlK'r Aiitliovs. IIkIc arc all ClimicrualSuiipo- I'ltions, for li) vali a Continent once toiind ont roiild never be loll ai.viin, unleli Mankind Iiad juMilli'd, andaiuw Rate had Ipruiig iiptliat was totally t.'',iinrant of it. Tlie Name of Aninic.i isrertainly, tlio'noUTs iindifervedlv deiiv'd from Amoicti' I'llfirjiHs, V'lio (imtiiuiin^; the Dili'overies bej',iin aloiif; the Continent by Ccliin:i>iis^ uliirp'il tile I ioiiour iiirtly due to tlie lirft Undertaker ^^i lo Noble an Faitcr- jiri/e. Tlie .*>p.w/.i)(/j to wlioin tlie World owes the Pilcovery , i;ave it the Name of the New World. .111(1 tliit |iro|Hrlv eiiou^li, as beiiif, fo iinmenle a 1 rai'l th.it it exceeds .my of the oilier three I'arts, ami is not iniicii iiifei ioiirtothemall pnt to.;etlier. A tliird Name of U'cfl-lndies it re- ceivillroin the firit Difcoverers, as no Way infe- riour to //.'(/(.! for \V'calt!i, witli the Oiftinftiou of Well, ill Rei;ard of its haviiii', that I'olition fro;;i u>, as th ■ other i-. Fait. As to tiie i'.xteiitj it is lo l^rixiigioiis, that in ;co Vears liiice our tirll knowledi',e of it, wc liavc not been .ible to al'ecrtain its Bounds. What iiai been viewil is from 7K Degrees of North 1 atitude, ill whieli Sir Tooiiun ^?intlj'<, Hav lies, to 60 IV- I'.rces Soiitli l.ititiide, in all i;?8 1)ei;rees North .uid South i which t.ikcn in a Ihait Line, amounts to S.:i)0 Miles in Length, with a I'utable Breadth in tome I'arts of near 40CO .Miles , tho' the llUi nuis It lelf, which jo\ 11s North and Soutii ylmna.i, be not fio Miles over ■■, yet from thence botli I'.irts of tl'e Continent ihetcli thenilelves out Eall ai.d Well, till tlicy make the Breadth already meii- tion'd. V\ hat an be laid of tlie Soil in fuchXanety of Cliin.itcs, liiit tiiat exceptiiij; the umiI lYntliuii and Southern I'arts, made barren , as elfewlieie, by evceliive Cokl, the reil is all linmc;.ii 't'rea- fury of Nature, producmgall Plants, 'nun and Fruit known in the rell of the World 111 f;reat Plenty, belides inruiite other Sorts peculiar to it- ll'lf, and wliich will not thrive ellew'liere. Vet wliatisall tins to the Inexhaulhble Mines of Gold and Silvery wluch tlio' all the Art of Man has been endeavouring to Drein tor 200 Years, are yet fo fir from beiiii; impoverillrJ , tli.it tliey only want frelli Supplies of Hands to dr.iw out ih;.ir eiidleis Uealiii, to C'jorfte the iiilatia- ble Avarice of Man. Nor are dold and Sil- ver the only precious Commodities, tuch Qiiaii- tiiies of Pearl-, Fuuraiids a\k\ .\iiiethills have heen tliere loaiid , that the\ are become ot incoiilide- r<»ble\ .i'ue,inrerpei;t of what ilie\ were. And to (leftend toother Particulars thoUj^li i,ot of fo liigli a price, yet valuable and of life, thence vvi- rf- Ceivemir ci)iili.mt .ind plentiful Supplies of (..• chiueele, Iiidif, .^n.ltto, i oi'.wood, Hra/il, In llick, 1 u'.num \ iti-, Siii',.ir, (iiii^;er, (!,icao, H.n ■ nillas. Cotton, Ra] W,«,l|, l.ibaco, lliikv, Aiiiber->',rteie, Be/oar, Hillain ot I: In, of yV./ and 'A ('hill, f/W;/;M Hark , Jalap, Meiho.iran, Sarfaparilla, Sallafras , 'lainarinds, ('alii,!, aud very many othei I liin;',s which thele Pait-, weie betore utter Strani'.ers to , or ,it le.itl reieiv'il them at fecoiul or tlnrd Hand, and at exorbit.uit' Uates, Iroin tuih as tradini', to / I'l/'/ and ilii; Coatl o( yljii, ditlriliuted what tiiev tjieie iiad bri>u|;ht to than by 1 and, into all tlte Pait« . f l'iiro\t by Sea. Tlic N.itives wlieii t'lrll toiind out , were, as may be luiai'.in'd nilmli.i v.itl !• Kteni oj teveral fori', tome living; iicc.irdiu". to the Piuiulive lu noccnrc, as in many of the lli.inils •, others Inim man and Barbarous (,';v./'.7j, or Man laters as in otiier itlands and Part-, 'it the ( 'outiuent , l(>iiie under Polite Cioverninent , and mn.lity Mon.n ciiies, as w'ere tiiofe of .I/c.v/<h and I'trn, witli (lately Cities and otiier Mai;niliceiit Struiliues-, otliers more Kiule, and Ic.itterini; lu \ ilLu'.es un- der petty Princes, as in tlie North and Soutli, and between tlie two threat Fuipircs bef iremeutMu'd •, and lallly, one Commoiiwe.iltli rei^ularly t'^overiiM and tivili/'d, whicli w.is th.it of {'l.tjuli. |m '"•uii Variety of Natimis, tliere mull ben ilef, olCti- ttouis and Manners. I.earuiiu', cannot be laid to have had any Entrance tliere, no .Man amou^; them ever knew wliat it was to write, or read, and coiifeciueiiMy there luuil be a profound It;no- raiite of all Sciences. Kelit;ioii Could not be expeiTed to Iiavc any Footini; in a I'lace, wliich li.iil never been known to thole who liad receiv'd tlie Word of IickI, It is true, there are . Authors wlio laKnir to findout tome dark Tokens of Chrilliaiiity , Iwvnii; been introdue'd amoiii; tiiol'e Savages . and they take no little Pains toinakeS. '7");«w.(.(,the Apollle,thcu Intlruftori but tiielearc liicii far-fetcli'd Fancies, as Iiave lu.t tiie lead .Xppearance o\' I'ollibility, niudi lefs of Probability \ for wlucii Way lliall we llippofe tlie Apollle to get tliithcr, uiilel's an Angel took him up, as we read of S. I'lulip, witcn he was carried to Convert the Fuiiuch. But it belongs not to us to enter upon tiiefe needlel* Arguments, this is certain, that wlieii yl/iicnt 1 was dilcover'd, notliiiu; appear'd in it from North to South but Idolatrous Supertlition. Tlie iiioll JiimKeiit paid Adoration to Sticks and Stones, betore which they perform'd many abl'urd .uicl ridiculous Ceremonies •, whillt tlie wickeder Part hoiiour'd the Devil with Sacrifices I'f Hu- man Bloeid , wherein they butcher'd Multitudes of Men. The Seafons and Temperature of the Air are not as ill the other Parts of the World, only ,iii- fwerable to the Climate or Poliiioii 111 Regard to North and Soutli, but ditler fometiiiies extremely in the lauie latitude, one tide ot' a .Mouiit.iiu being temperate and tlie oilier txcellive hut ', one hour korch'd, and .mother fro/.cu, aiidloiii oilier Of AMERICA m Qcmal. llOWll .1. k kIoiu hem \, take ;,thcu iiuics, bihtVi a\.iu Id', M wlu'ii jiiit It lurii ' Noith in<il\ tones. lUtl ckccliT a- tiKli:s 'I Illy .I'l- i.ird to ;reiTH.'lY mwt.iiu liot , i.tlirr IviTpi'As .IS we lli.ill fee when wc umic tu Ipiak of tlioic Couiitrii's. 1 Ik' liviiiii, Ociifmes are no WU various than arc .ill otlicr I'rodn^hons. I lories liad never In'vii Ian inalliliU (lontjnent, nor <lo we he.o lit' .in\ Kiiu-, inilult in the" moil Northern 'oi. hilt lor otlur liirt>, they wantcil liau.. ,ui, ili.it weliave, unlets wc men I ion tlie tiephants anil.('aniel» of y/diiuiil ///kc/, which are llran j^ers ti' liit'ipt. Ihc I'.re.it variety of Kirils is wonilirliil, and many of them tlie moll be.uui- ill! in ilie World for lunon, featlm't'- of t!ie uioll dili)i,litliil Coloins to hihold. Nor do ilk- Seas .ili^rd Icfs Diveifity , and abundantc of Villies. The Kivers here arc the created inllicUni verie he\ond all Coniriovcrlie, a-, to inl't.inie III a few, llial of Cwtdu, in llic Nortli, wLiih is known to run above 1500 Miles, and ii yo MiUb over at the Mouth. That of tlie ^l»i,i- iitii in Sonllt Amcriti, whiill riles iiW<///, and alter wateriii;', feveral Nations, andaCoiirle uf ytico \5Jles , falls into the Northern Ocean, between Ih .i-Jl and din m.i , rowlnu', Inch .1 liro',ii;!,ioiis (iiiantity of Water, iliat the\ t.ike it frelli leveral 1 eav.ueiont ol the Seatioinihe Miiiiihof It. I ha! ol I'Liic dcrcendnii; Irum the Inland of Soiitli j-I/hok.i, and urownij', lo j'.reat with the ac'iellion ol many other Kivers, tli.it for itiany 1 e.iji,iies it ^< >ks like a Sea, and chl- tl:art;es it fell into ti; Otean at a Mouth above 1^0 Miles in llreultli. \\ ii.it Moiiutains can be coinpar'd to tlioCe we find here f 1 hole call'd /■liiUa be>',in on the Shore of tliatoll'd 7 ;f»r</ /•'/»/«(•, wliitii is next the ifthmus of Anxtua^ and luttnii^ all ■. !iat Svuitlieni I'art intotw.i, end at tlie Streit^ht of J}J:if:,vll.iii^ their UuKih beiuK about jSJco Miles, and tliur leij'Jith to exieliive, that they are fc- v.ral \\\\'- I uniey over, and thole who irofb tlu'iii ever I'll), r very much told,tho' in the hottell Se.Ji.ii, liefides otlier Inconveniences. Ol tile rell it will he needlels to I'peak liere, when we lliall of- fer ii'ore l'aiiicul..rs coming to the Provinces m wiiu I; tlu'v are loinid- lliis in,vv VVorlil, as it was firll difcover'd by the .V -.,ir,l.y \k> the greateft and bell part ol It li.ll to tlieir lliarc Other Nations pcrceivinfj ^\!'Jt a vail addition tins w.is like to make to ilieir M(iiiari.hv, would not kirter ihein to be the l< Ic I'dfldlbrs of fuiii an ample Dominion. 'Uie I'lrnii^uiU-f accidentally were call upon the Cpall ot K,\izu, v. Iknthev were defign'd for the £■(//- J'-d.c.-., md iK.pvoviiit ilieir good fortune have iii.'.detliciiilelvci. Nialiers of all thole Coalls. The lini.jii Were not idle, but by dei;rees, and at llvcr.il times, Ipread ihemfelves alonjj ilie Nor- iliuii Shore-s, where they fettled in ^"irginia, ALii:Li,ici^ Carol. mt, mil otlttr l'rovinces,befides the H'cOidb of j.Miiiita, Barbiidofs.^ and ioine of Ids Note. The hti:ib have a conliderable Nortliern extent of Lund along the River of Cm.id.i, which gives its Name to all their Coii- i',ue(ls. And even the i-iwu/j would not go with- out (imie Portion in this common Dividend, but Iwve (ecur'd to thcmfelves good Footing at Cu- r.ijj.io and >'<(////..v/;, in South ^^/i«Jt.(. All this, as lias been laid, is nothing to what the Spaiu.irdi ciijcjy, .Is h.tviii^ no CiMiipetitor 011 the South Sci, wlwrc their IX)ininioiis extend from 40 Dc ureiis III North to near .|> of South Lititiide, being about v^CO Miles in leiii'^th, the more Nortliern and Sunthcni I'.irts beini; ftilt nn- <oii(|iier'd, and polfefs'd by the fiv.ii'.e Natives. Ill all iheli; vall CoiKiueljs of fo many /-jimpcM Nations, Clirillianity lus n<iw utterly aholijh'd Idolatry, H) that nothii|;', >■• it remains but on- ly in thole Parti which, li a e not been fubdued, which are |Mnicipa|lv fav N.irtli and Scntli. Hut only i\k Sp.iiijMjj h vcipread the Light of the (lolpel amoHc. tlie Nafux*, fur the otjier l.uro- l'i:i/i Nations luive none, or very few .Subjedlsof them, whereas tlie Sp.wi.i,d, have many Milli oils who h.ive no Hnovv)edi',e of the l'a,',aii Su perliituMi-ol ihcir fore lathers, and at tliistime the {^iirilhan Rtliuioii is lo lar .idv.nicd , tliai thev have 5 Aulil)illiopricks, z() Hilliopricks, Z llniverllties, above ^^oo M.niallenes , many more llofpitiils, and an iiitinite luiiiiber of P.i- rilli Chiirilies. All iliele M it ters have been here li'jjitly toiith'd upmi, oiil\ to i',ive the Re.ider a general \iewof the whole, referring iiim for a more particular AcomiiL to the Dellription ot every Pi.ivince. It reiiianis tli.it we (..miio to the Divilimi ol Ainnn.i^ lu order to whicli it is netellary to preiinte, that it ib always divided into twoprin- cip.il Parts, call'd North and South y/wf/u,/, tliele being two mighty pieces of the Coiiti iienr, almolt cut alnnder by t!ie Se.i, and only join'd by the narrow ////j//;//j, or Neck of L.iiid, winch has I'.m.un.i on the one tide, and A'jmbic de Dim on the otlier, and is bill iS Leagues, or 54 Mites over, (o fiiill a bar parting'" the Nurtliand Soutli Seas, Now eacli of tiiele two iuinci£al P.iris or Re^jiuiis is liibdivided into it.> feveral Kingdom,, Provinces, or Domlnioiu,' Ud will ap)Kar by tlie following I'able, in wliicii the lame Order lliall be obleiv'das in the other P.utsof the World. Ik-fore we proceed, it is iieceliary to obferve, til at Amencu is not known lo ).iin to any (;ther P.irt of the World, and theielore the boundaries on the Kail and Welt lides are ihoi'e tommonly call'd, the NortJi and South Seas ^ on the Syuth aiioiher part of the Ocean beyond Vmru del liugo \ but on the North, where it ends, ii,is no( hitherto been difcover'd, the fartheil attempts ih^it Way proving in vain, thole who have I'ail'd highcil llill meeting Lancl and Ice on the fide next to Europe, and on the Wellerii lide, tlio' loine Maps reprefent the Land of Jtffo mi\ Streiglitsof yini.m as exattif as if they had feeii tliem, there 's i.othing iu it but Faiilie, none l)4ving ever made* Progrels far enough that Way to determine whether there is an open Sea, or a narrow Streiglit, betwixt ylji.i and America. Nay, were the W.)rld once convinc'd that there was only a Streiglit to fe- parate thefe two Farts of the Eartli, it would put an end to the mjiny Speculations for dif- rovcring which way Aiucric:( caine tirll to be In- habited, that being a Point much controverted, and to very little purpole, among the Learned, as only known to him that made it. But let us come to the Table of Divifions, which Hands thus. I i !; tl M^ .ivi 228 Of AMERICA in General. The Polar or Arftick Countries,Dei;irtor not conquer'd. In North A Croenliind. New Denmark. 'New Wales. New Britain, or Tierra de Labrador, or Eflotiland. 'fEJ<]ni»:aai. IBerfiamites, Sagnenay. Canada, properly w CHiiada.or theFrench< call'd. Dominions. | Louijiana. I Iroquois. I Etechemii'S. \ y^Accadia. f New England. I New Tork. \NewJerJy. Englilh Dominions. <^^;;;-- I Maryland. {^Carolina. Florida not well DifcoverU;^ TigH.ti. Pajfaguates. Tobojos. Jumanes. Cibola. Quires. Cimames. Hiibates. Tamos. Quivixa. y^Apadies. ME RICA. ' CCinaloa. iCuliacan. New BiJ'city. Government oi 'J""-; Zacaiecas. dalaiara, Subjett to^ chitmetlan. Spain. Government of Mexi- co, of the Crown< ^y^y^J_,_ Xalifio. Giiadulajara,^io^eTlf . fo call'd. "MechoiKOn. Panttco. Me.xico, proper'. V fi* call'd. of Spain Govern.iient of Gua- timala belonging to< Cuaxaca. Tabafco. Xiitatati. 'Chiapa. Soconujce. Fcra Paz.. Uuatimali:. Spain. New Mexico , left to Spain. Sub- Honduras. Nicaragua, Cofia Rica, yeragita. The ISLANDS. TierraFirme, or thcj ^<"«.^^» « Main-land, Sub)ea<(.^<r»«'^'"'"- o ■- Piiriit. or to Spain, In South fTierra Firme, or Pa- nama Province. Cartagena. Santa Marta. Rio de la Hatha. New Alt- AMERICA. Kingdom of Peru Subjeft to Spain. <Lo oi 1 Lo Paria, or dalHt.ia. The New Kingdom of Granada. \Popayan. f Quito. ■ Los Qiii.xo.'. Pacamoros. .OS Reyes, or Lima or Peru Proper. ^,os Charcas. LL<J Sierra. rCayana. Mataya, Tapayfa. Paranatba. Aparia. Caribana, Apanta. \jCoropa. rPitra. \ Maragnao. 1 Siara. Brazil , belonging to^ p-^ Grande. Portugal ] Paraiba. } Tamaraca. rScregipt. I Bahia. Brazil , belonging to^ y,^,.,^ 5,^^^^ Portugal. 1 Ejprnru Santo. I Rio de Janeiro, Xs.k'iicnte. 'Cuayra. Paraguay , properly fo call'd. Cl^aco. Tucitman. Parana. Vrvaiga, Rio de la Piua, pvo- . perly fo call'd. Chili, Subjeft to f Chili, Spain. icrtOOy or Chucuyto. Paraguay, orRiodc la Plata, Subjeft to< Spain. Guiana or Caribana, not conquer'd by a iiy Luropeans. Terra Magellanica. - - - polfefs'd by the Ni'twes. The ISLANDS. CH A F laces lip ,,.,,; CHAP. \L The POLAR orARCTICK Countries. GRotnLmd is the tnoft Northern Part of A- nieriCii, if we may affi^r. it to this Qitar- ter of the World, and it joins to it. for any thing we yet know. How far it extends F.aft and Weil cannot be determin'd , neither E'Ctremity beiiiR \et found out, only fome will have it to be fcparated from ^mericahv Hud- fon's Streights, which cannot be afTur'd, fince we are ignorant of what is higher. Southward it reaches to f : oe F.riwtll in 60 Degrees of Latitude,and hew f>rit runs to the North no Man yet could fini, <ui. Vrom that Southern Point it runs uway 10 the North Eaft to Spitz.bcr^c>i or Crcerli'r.d. This Country the D.in'JJ' and /cf/.W ChronicUs lay was fi ft Difcovcr'd and Peopled by one TurnaL a Norwrgian, about the Year 779. In I'is Son Erick'i time it was divided into two Provinces, the Eaflern and the Weft- etn, and the Chriftian Religion brought in from Dciimtrh. The principal Town is in the Eaft, and call'd Garde^ and another nam'd Aih •, in the Weft KiiidleJiord^d»(i Ffnipefinffiord,vih\ch Places had one Bilhop, and feveral Monafteries. From the time above-mention'd all that was known of this Country, continued in fubjeftion to theC\owr\'^u{ Jjennuirk and Norw.iy, till a- bout the Year 1390, the Communication being fomewliat inrerrupted by Troubles at Home , anil Lofles at Sea, ihi (J reoiinidir^ were left to themfelveii , and utterly loft agani till in the Ye.ir 157b, A,:!ir,itt'rol'://jcr di'cover'd that we now Ciill i\'t .V (ircmiwd^ but tile Natives Ibfal- vage til t there wa*. no poliibility of dealing with ti'' :i , as ma\ be leeii in the Accounts of his \ nv.uK>. Tliev are ftrong of Body, and cloatli'd ui -ca Calves-Skins lewd together with tl'e Sinews "i l"ealis,the V omen wearing Breech- es as wel! .5 tlie Men •, their Complexion Olive ColiHi'', then Hair long, their taces painted with '.)lue, all very naily, and ftraiigers to Modertv. They know no other Wealth but their Slinj's, Bows, Arrows, and Boats. The laft Imld but one M.m, and are covti'd with Sea-CaWes Skins ^ but tlicv Iiave a large Sort, cover'd witli V\ hales-bkiiis, winch will contain 20 l'erl(jns. Since then other Sinps have ieve- K<! times been on tlie Co,(t, and in iome Parts have Traded with the N uves for furs. Sea Calves hk'.ns, and pieces ct Unicorn's Horn. Ha- ving mention "d this Horn, it is proper tu ob- I'crve, tiiat the Beail valid a Unicorn we can- 10: fuid in any Part ut tlie \\ orld, but in thefe Northern Seas there are iPiiny of a Ibrt ot lilh, witli along III. Ill in tlie forehead, andexaiitly .uifwenng to that we (ee in leveral l-'arts, vul- laiy rnkon'd to helon;i to that always invi- (ible Beaft. Tl.eSoil is certainly ban en, by rea- I'on of tlie txceliivtt^oki, nilomuch tliat the Na- tives i\o not k'.'.ow V. hat Corn is, and their whole Suhliileiice is lilh, ion. e ivuots, Uter, and Bears, ■nid the Drink they moll delight m -s Whak- <.'il. t)ther Parts of (jK/./.-v/t/ are altogether Peliirt, and tlutlkr it is that feveral Nations of L.iycpc relort for the Wjiale Filliery. But ti. draw nearer to .,-///,c/V,j, in the Year 1570, F(i>i',j/,ci- abovc-mcntioii'd, after dtltuvcriiig le- veral Capes and Bays, came into the Streight to which he g ive his own Name, in 62 Degrees of North Lititude, and forcing his Wav through the Ice, arriv'd at the Place he nam'd the Coun- tefs of W.i ~.Vi's Sound, v.'hcre he had defigti'd to build a Fort, h;jvin", brought Timber from J-:>ij^limd, but part of that being loft in another Ship, he rcturii'd hcine loaded with glittering Sand, which he imagai'd to be Gold. In 1585, Mr. Joh.! D:ivis found the Streight which bears his Name, and tends to the North Weft, where he Traded with the Salvage Natives. Next, Mr. Hndju/i (ovukI another Streight, and through it came into thevaft Bay which retains iiis Name, and lies between EAotUaud and New Wale. Sir Thonuis Tiiittoii follow'd, and keeping more Northwards, le'.. into that ftill call'd Biitro>i\ Bay, and Winter'd at Port Nclj'on. Baffin after this lail'd into 78 Degrees of North Latitude, where a Bay retains his Name, and return'd convinc'd tliat there was no Pallage. Captain J.itnci, an Euglifiimun , and Captain Aliwk-, a Dane., m.ide the like Attempts with as little fuc- cefs. Thus all the Advp.aage we have gain'd by their Labours, is to be fatisfied there is no Pal- lage or open Sea on the North of Aincrica., and that (Irecnltwd dfies not join to America as high as 78 Degrecsof North Latitude, where B.ijjin's Bay parts them. Captain Afunk's \'oyage has brought us to New Denmark, lying from 60 Degrees no Man knows how far Northward , nor can we give it any bounds Southward. A miferable Land almoft ever fro/en, and ronfetiuentty affordin nothing for the fupport of Life but Huh as the barbarous Natives are oblig'd to take up with being Fifli, Deer, Bears, and feveral Ibrts ot' \\ ater-1-owl, without any fort of Grain. New WJcs vas partly louiid by iltdfim, and part by "J.imcs and others, being a Land lyin" iouth and Eaft of New lJen/>:jrl: , bounded by that and Hiidi(r,i''i Bay on the North, by the fame Bay on the Eaft, by New h'r.ince on the South the Extent WeiUvard unknown. ' AVrp lint(un.^i lerra de Labrador., or E/lotd.vid or : terra de Can crtal., for it has alt thefe Names' and the laft from one Cortereal a %;«(,« ^, who fnft found it after the Southern Dilcoveries were iriuch ailvanc'd. it is divided on the North and Eaft from tlie otiier VMtoi A,i,crnaAU(\Cireen l'»id by Uiidjon'i, Bay and Streight, on the Weft it lias the Northern Ocean, and on the South New Frame. All thefe Countries, and what lies North and Weft from tliem ftill unknown tons, li.ive no lown, or Houles better tliaii UmJ., the Natives a wretciied, lalvage iVople, little better tliaii Brutes, without any knowledge of Religion, or even of the Conveiiiences ot this prelent Lile-, generally dad m Skins, and feed- ing on I- i!h, and the llelli of wikl Beafts, and luih \\'ater-Hn\ls as can live in tliole Irozen Cuuiitrits The Land is bare and friutlels, and all th.u Merchants venture tor to any of thele Parts, IS either the Whale l-iihery of 6, -a „•/.;« j, or the F'jia of yWj«.''s Bay. Tlieiefore this tu.iy fu«^"ce for thole unhippy Couiitiies. Kkk CHAPi I'M; •If i)0 GHAP. in. C A N A D A , or New * rincej n: WA 5 firft dircover'd by the Sp.tm^rXs, \\ho findiiiR nothing there of \ aluc , ca 1 d it Cibo Jc NmU, or Cape Nothwg ^ whence by Corruption came t!ie Name of Cw.;J^, that ol Nnv France being given it in Regard the t,a:ch are polTef.'d of a great I'art and are daily extend- ing their Conquefts through the Reft. ^ On the North It Borders on Eflotd.wd, /y«^/fl» s Bay,and Part of Nnv W.iles-^ The Eaft extends along the Northern Ocean-, The South lies upon the Domi- nitn.of A'nr / iii,h>id and Hondi and tlie VVeU is notdetermin'( as reaching to Nations not yet dif- cover'd. The moll Northern Part comes up to about 55 Degrees of latitude, and the moft Sou- thern defcend-, to 34, but the Figure is very irre- aulir -, the Length from Eaft to Weft cannot be decided, as has been already obfervd, what has been hiihertu difcoverV. runs above zoco Miles. The iliver of C.miii.i, cr of 5. Laurence, as the y,;mh call It, or Hochihga, is the largcft in all "North ///'ioa.f, and infeviour to few in the World, being above 30 Leagues over at the Mouth, and 100 Kithoin deep. The Courle ut it is already known fir 1500 Miles, as Howuig out ot the Lake of the ilirorii, which has a Communication with that caird .VwiV«>-, or the Upper, and that of <<« I'liMs , or of the Stinking T'ecp'e , from whirh there is a Communication wit!i that of Siour, an?* from that to .mother call'd Jfibnucls, 7 or?' ■ Miles North-weft of that of Hurons ;, f )r fo f.i the Friars have gone upon the Miftion : and many are of Opinion that a PalTage may be found that VVav unto the Soutli Sea. Several other Waters confiderable enough in themfelves , tlio' incmifi- derable compar'd with tliis, fall inU) it, as firft that of Dts Pr,iirics,or <if the Mea( ()Ws,D? Afi'ii, LcsTrois Rivieres, or tlie Triple River, thepre^ ter o( Siir.iien.ty ^ and S. MrrgHeritcs, ii'^i the Mouth, allihufeon the North-fide, thofe ou the South-fide being inconfiderable. Tlie Worft d this River is, that it has feveral great Falls which hifotr Navigation \ that at Niag:tra , La Hontjit fays is 7 or 8x) F'oot high, and half a lei , broad, the Water running to it with fuel' " .>' leiice , that all Kcafts attempting to crols it quarter of a League abo e it, are fwallow'd v-;' and it ruinblcs off tlic Precipice witli fucliFiuy. tliat It maki.. an Artii, under wliich rliiee Men may pafi a Urcaft, ,v,t!''Hit 3"., Danger '■ Ha- mac , but a i'-'w Drop, : : V.'nter i./.liuijon the:ii. The rr 1 CAN AD A. iji D A Uf that of (if J lom which Sl'oKf, M^ 1 or ? ' for fo fa and many found that er Waters lo' incoiifi- it, as firft \^De Mom, }t, ther.re' I, iK.i the liofi: on the, l VVorft ;•! a 1 0. , flic'i' croK K lallow'd u;> 1 (belli- uiy. Ithif'; MiJf l-cv ... n.i- ^ un thcML Ihe lutton :>' ■^'ti^^ ^•2ri«- <rA.j/^^\ Ter, de laborador -c,r*re-w«ll — / .^i^r »8rt«A<i» (J/*" £jauima.ux 'i^ 'i \.^:^ .l<ma<cA<r J'.!" J - /......■ ■if&ro^J Stinck 3 i /"'^-.^JaU / .'■■■a'airch, I / i. ■^■■t, THE fiArmuaa^ jE ivf p j: ■cr V,. aJJOIJ iJ lsi,A.iins. X' It I — ^ ^ ^ Mi — ^ -^K,^ TrdftieJ^^ C^n<tr TiieKNGi I SH Empire in America, Ne\v"fountl-lan.cl . Canada. Hticirons Bay:<?rc. ml^t ^^trmj.n*\£aU Kctt f «r ri„r mn(\ nccds vntV our Europtan Northern Qimate affords. Nothing The 'lc>'iP"'''t""^'/)^"'te . th^sCountri is want4 but Hands to improve it, the Frtncli i , lo mivnybe6rec5otl.at.ti.de, as h,s Country is & ^^^ ^^^^^ otherwife emoloy'd for ! ... under butgeneraUy fc^^'-'^^ JXnS' thcm«ft P^« »"d *'^'= Natives void of Wuftry, vvh.ch is inhabited bv the FrH/;bcm|agtnt ^ ' themfelves with what the Earth B.mks of the ftrcat ^^ ']''='> ^.^'^^^^raift vields with tTie leaft Labour. There .s Variety Winter, but tonfuki abl Y hot in ^— ^ as mou y of Ground, as Mou-ta.ns.Rocks^ar- .t thofc'y/«r.ic.m Nations '^i,5,';^ f^^ ''\'^ X n e ,l^afture,Arablc Land,and Vaft Woods, theft U up to the Northward. 1 ,^ ^c .s^na unUV ne _ ^^^^,^^ ^^^^^ F°»«'^W«- g>Md and this mixture of »^,^' /'JJ^Ti';^' ^^^^ uns. Wild Cats, and of all forts of Wild Fowl- %,x with the t/,reat Abundanc o Wat rs mr j ^J '^ , ^,;j j^^j,^ .^ouud in Grafs, and feed where, innkes it fit to produce all Uuniis, wnicn ^^^^,^ ■^m i', "ITO;' 1 r '\ iiSI 'f 1^& C J N A-'D A mighty Flocks of Siieop ;ind Herds of Kine. TLe improvM I.,iik1 \ic\(h plentiful Crops oi" L.JiiiN Wheat, much TahiKo, and any ci mrr/>u Ilerbs and Fruits. In tlic M.nnitaiiis there luc Coj.l Pits, and fouu' fay Silver Mines', t!io' we tio hot hear of any Advantage made of t!i?ii. Beavers and Otters fwarin in the Mardies, and infinite Num- bers of Fifli u\ all the Lakes and Rivers. The Natives are a rude ignorant People, ha- ving never known the Ufc of Letters before the French came among them, and there are ftiU fcarcc any that incline to learn them. Their Govern- ment, fuitable to their Knowledi'.e, being all divi- ded into finall Tribes, mider fcveral Heads •, fomc more Human , and others more barbaroufly Cruel, as having no Principles of Confcience or Polite- iiefs, but artingin all Things as Nature or their Education prompts them. As tor Religion, tliey . have fome Notion of an Eternal, Almighty Being, bat fo imperfeft, that it has no Effeft upon them. All their VVorfliip confifts in Dancing, whicli honour thev for the mofl Part pay to the Sun. In other V fls they are altogether indiffe- rent , and ; " "'' Spiritual Doftrine , well enough for t!iofe wlio like it, and abfolutel y need- kli,,it-' thole whudo not. Polygamy is iv'uer.iliv x\ .. kl?.*.^' - aii<)v.-"d, ii-)i arc they by any means to K- bcarcn out of It. Their F'.nieiMU .u e attended with mi,i'Iuy Luiiientations, aiicl the Women mourn a whole Year,with a lortof IfootK on their Heads. Towns they have none, but hve in Huts, and t'u' moftly till they gather in !l,dr Harvoft, ,ifr,-r which thev dilperie theml(.lves,either to the W'm c in which the^ are frequently enrangled,or to hlh' ingor Hunting, which is their Diverdon, and fun- port, affording them Food and Furs to trade with x\\i liirrMcmf.' It is Time we come to the Divifion of t!ie Coun- try into its feveral l^rovinces, under wlnth asOc- cafion offers, more may be laid as to ilidc' i\iiti- culars. The Provinces are as follows, with their Towns •, or where tliere are none , the fun- dry Tribes inhabiting them, beginnmg at the North-eall Point, lo running to the South-weil along the upper- fide ol the great River, and re- turning f riiin t!ie South, North-eall on the lower- lide of the faid River. ,.,. . ^1 r. '. t ete Qua; tier. Hquimaux, thefe^^ .,n S. NTcholM'. ■ Dwellmgr'''""^ French. < Port Neiif. { Uerfiamites. S Oitpupinachouh Tribe. L Tribes. fOnKU0H(ltd ")r] Saguenay. S CMouchaqni J {^Tadoi'.fjlic French Town. *- ihioviitonata, '\ * Illinois. (Jjtiuiii'.ihac. * Ali-vnis. Atuejii.^mcqucs. * A/.ukoiiieiis. Aciiloriiac. * Oiitoii.igjmis. Err.ih.iHiimatc. * HiiroHS. CbiacMotiMt. Canada,propcrly i' OnttMiut:.. fo call'd , inclu- | Chuoiuireor. ding all to thej F.nchcck. >Tribes Weil and North | Aoffondi. of the Rivers Nipi/Tinviam. S. O'ojeph. S. AJahil. 'S. .llexu: N.D.Des Juges S. Iraiiccii. S. He) re, S. P^wl. I fOHkottarttronons. AriatocrtDiM). Conacronotis. Affillaoonons. Loui lania. c c J Omarroiioiis. AttioiinuAarmu /r.Towns,aiKl Forts. >Tribes. hurt lies A'li:W HI. \t: , - iFoneCreveccenr. V'""'' '^"''fs- 'GMnieQiiet, or Ofnecioiits. and Lakes. I Eichiriovachaoi/. TitrMton. Uidonontateroii. yilg0)iqiii)i3. Eljoii.it.tiro/wit. Aoveehiff.iton. Skiartnons. Aflitkoiiandaeronons, Niid'Hiej]oiiero>ioni, KtriJlitioHS, IranitiadoHS. \"juii!ms. QQtiflfei. ^Mmit Rnyal. ^S.Simon,^, 'Jude.^ \ 0>i>ioret.ipites. Iroquois. ^ Oiongiteiis, I lji)>itio>noitws. I 5. Peter. Riehlicit. Li. Louis. tFrench Forts. Etcchcmins. /f>wf/jTowiis f and Forts Accadi. fPort Royal. Port Roffigml. La Heve. < P"!h'y. j Al.icomode. I Alartengo. XJoiu/uetU'r, SoHticon. u ^Lmich Towns, ■or Settlemeuts } Nation. Enjuimauv C AN AV A, II Ffquiniaux Is tliemnft Eaftcni Partof CwcJi/..', Ivitii^witli- <iut tlie Great River oi S. L.uiraxc^ borociiiiR Northwarc', onl lar a de Libraih;- \, on the E.ill it lus till' Northern Ocean ■, on tlie So\x\.\\ the liiilpli of S. Lair,c::ct; line in between this Pro- vince, Ni.:\j(.nnci-I,.vid and yla.-tdiii •, imi on the Well the River of S Alargant divides it fiom the Rerfi.-iniitcs. The Froicb ;u feveral Times built here the little To\viis or l-'orts of Vott Qji.irtia\, fort S. NuljcLi!^ i:lr.i.hcqiicutc AwCi Port A'luf-, all of them at preienl little regarded , the better Trade up tlie River, haviuj; niiali obftrurted tlie Inrreafe of thele Places. However thev ferve to keep i^odelVion , and to proteiSt tlie Milliouers. The Natives are extremely Brutal and Salvage, as in inofl of thel'e Northern I'arts, for we lliall generally obferve tlK't tile I'olitell Indians were fartlier remov d Irom lioili the Pole-;. The Soil might be brought to bear all that is Neceflary, but wants improving, and thole People are (a- tisfy d witli what they Iiav-, a^, beiiu^ Strangers to better. Tlic Ixrfiamites Arc tlie next People to the WcRvvard, niclu- <ling on the Nortli of them the Oitpjp'.'Liclimdt Tribe, or Naiioii, and taking ihein botli together, tlieir Borders on the North lie upon'/ if ;■/■,« de Lu l»:idoi, on the Eall tlie River o( S. A/uii'.irct di- vides tliern from the I:fi;!iii:hiiix, on tlie South they have the River of Ciihid.i, and on the Kail the River I.cqre/nui f.'parates tiiem from the 5.»;^/v«/.iy Nation, of the Piovince of Ciin.ul.i, properly lb call'd. Here are no /■/ cmh Towns, forts, or Sct- tlemintf, the Country being like that lall meii- tion'd in all Refpedh , yielding little Prolit, cxcefiive cold and the Natives of the fame Dit- pofition •, fo that we fliall not need to lay more of them, Saguenay, The next Province to the Bc'fi,i»:iics, and of a lar;;e Extent, is parted from it on the F.alt by the little River L(qiia?r.u^ has 1 wri.i dc I...:biiulur (ni the North, the River of its own Name on the Well, dividing it Irom du idi propei 1\, lb call'd, and the great Rivnr of 5. /.,//iK/f( on the South. 'r.idoirlj.it, 15 the only Ireiuh Town in tliis Pro- vince ieated at the Mouth of the Kiver ii\' S.n'jrc- >;.<)') tile Port linall uiuler a llill, wliiih is alinoll ru'. oit fiom the Continent, witha Point on the Well caird>'. ,'t/.'f//jr;rs,ruiiiiingalinoll al.eague into the Sea ■■, the otiier South-eall, call'd cj .ul tl*( Divd>. Tiiele Peopleare Sli!))ii'1 to a King of their own, w^ho is III llriit Alliance wirh the L-u.uli, and has feveral petty PrilKe^ under hiin. Tii'.ir Diverlioii coiililts molt in Daiiiii'g, wiili aluindaiue of An- tick Aihoiis. The\ areol an Olive (Colour, but that is (jctafion'd b\ their I'unitnu',, lor naturallv they arc wliue. All iheir Clothes aie inaue ot Skins and 1 uis civiiing their whole Ijodies in Winter, luuonls Pai i m 'luinmer. Their Reli- gion is much what waslimted at beku\, tor they believe in oue'jotl, one Mother, one Son, and the Sun 111 die lirmameiit, but dod aliovc all', yet they trouble theinlelvcs little with Ads of Devo- tion. The way of Marriage is f jr the Woman t;o make Tryal of as many Men as llie plcafes, and for what Time I'he will, and then to chufe him Ihe likes bell. Canada. This is the principal Pr.ivince of A'lfn' Fr-.ncc on all Accounts, tarthell fubdu'd and the Extent of it yet not known. On the North it lies aloni' T.or.i de Lab,:uUr,lJi!df;!'<. Bay and New IV.dcsi, <':i tlie EaiV the River oi S.i.\::c.:.:y parts it from' the Country of the fame Name :, on the South the great River oi S. Ljurauc, the I akes.^nd the Ri- vers Miamis and Illinois, feparate it from the Etc- chc/iiins, the Iioijiwismd Louifi.w.i -^ but how far it runs to the Weil, mull be left to Tunc to dilcover. It is nccdlefs to fpeak in particular of all the Tribes meiition'd in the Table, they being but (o many Imall Parts of the Whole Body and difler- nig little from one another, tho'they Iiavc feveral Names, and make dillinft Dillrias. laH^nt.m one of the latell Writers of that Country, and who wasconverlaiit among theNatives,iiiforms us, I hat they have no Beards, nor Hair on any Part ot their Body, but only on their Heads, which is generally Blai k. As to their Pcrfons they are prcper, well Ihip'd, with large black Eyes and of an Olive Colour,wliich proceeds from their daub- ing their Skins, that would otherwife be white. All_ Things among them are in common, they de- fpife Sciences, and allow of no dilferenc Degrees among them. Their Food is Pilh or Fleiii boiUI or roalled, without Salt or Spice, both which they loath. Few Dileafes rdgn aaion,', them, the chief- ell whi.reof are Pleunfks, and thele they have no Cure for. The Small Pox are common in the North, and as little regarded , the V'.-nereal Dif- eafe is fiequent in the Southern Parfti, and that tlk'v cure withSiinp'is and a regular Diet. Bran- dy is their grearell Enemy , tor it d^ltroys their Conlluutitiii , ,'.nd throws them into ConUimp- lions. Ihey defpile ail r;:i-ope.iK' Reirudies, ab- lior Bleeding, and admn-e that Men Ihould ever allow of \oiniringi hut clkir principal Cures conlill ill Swe.uing, Sleeping when they can, and drinking of Wiiter. All \^■olmds and other Hurts they perfeJ:Uy Cure wi'.h Simples. The moll remarkable living Creatures here, not to (peak of ludi M aie co.nuion with us , are the Bi'avers, Ibme ol them above two foot long in the Body and three loot round , befidcs the length ^jf the Head, winch is 7 liielie^ and the Tail 14. Theli; Creatures cut down great Trees with their Teeth, and carrying Earth on tlieir Fails, make Banks 4, or 5C0 Paces long, ;o loot high, and 7 or 8 tiiiek, with wliali they intrench theml'elves agamtl the Water, and lecure their llabitaiions. Theletlie People catili in Nets, or elfe llioot them tor their 1 iirs and theC.illoi, which are the beit Commo- dities of this Country. The /I/Zo'-j/^u,.; is a Ibrt of T\i',er, that never hurts Man, but alhlls the- Natives 111 Hunting of Bears, and therefore they are iieeer luller'd to be kiU'd. Bears are of three torts, White, Black and Red. F-lyiiig Squirrels, lb call'd from their skipping from one Free to another, are not much bigger than i ur>. I lere arc alio black, White and kal l'artr'.dge>, and I'ai rots along the Af^J/ijipi Kiver i in winch there are abundance ol Crocoilils, large Carps, iiid (•- iher treat \ anety of lilli, and \\i ;hat of Cj./.w'.i whitv: i^ Hi ^?4- C A IS! AT) I wliitc I'orpoills. ill bift as Oi^cn; As to the Pro- dnft of tin: I -I'tl, It isnecdl'.-rs to add any more lli.ui 'vh.ir !i;is been f.i Id in tbe General Aronnt. Thii v'.loiu is ii.,\v r^ckoii'd toC'int.-iii iSocoo /•>•(//(/) ofall lorts, the coniinon iort livini; ni i;o«d WD.Klcn lloiifcs, Well f.i'-nilV'd and 2 Stories hii;li, free iV'un al! Vaxcf, and with full Liberty tohunt and t-H) , Jo that tliov want for notbiiit; to make them eafv. Tlie ^!.riateft hardlliip is tlie Winter C'old,VvIiicIi isexccli'we from Dcceinbcv till Api-il^ infoiniKli that the ureat River frei./ej over,aiid the SiiOA' lies two or three foot deep on thcGro;nid, and whit IS llraiip.eiV, this is ni 47 De^jrees Lati- tude. Qjitbec featcd on tlie jreat River S. Lmi- rciicc\ in 47 and half Latitude, is the Capital Citv, divicicd into the Upper and the Lower i botli of th.in coiniirn-ided by a CalHe Ihindmti 0-1 a hi„l'er Ground. In the Upper City there are fif i. hiuches and to the Catliedral there 's a llillKip and ii Prebendaries, who live 111 Coin- iniin'.tv ill the O.iipter-iioiife, which is a mag- nifkcn: aiul wonderful piece of Architerture, :i:',d the Pri.-lh live virtiioiiilv, allowiiif; them- fclve^ bire Neeedaries and medling with iiothin;; but their Cliiirch.MTairs The }>)■/.■>.■ Cliurch is flateiy, but their Collei'.e fmall. T!iis City has ii.i Key, nor hortihcation^,, but is t!ie Refidence of ilie Oovernour of the Country , who has ;occo Crowns a Year, befides Prefents and o- tl'i.'r I'loiUs ainountiin; to as rnui:Ii rnore. The B Ihop's Income is fo fmdl, tliat he C'luld Icarce fulMill, did not tl'.e Kin)^ allow luin foiiie otiier IJeneike in Fiance. A '.tt!.' ^bovef;^/'^'?!-, on the Bank of the (ame River is S.l/cyy, another I'ri!:cb Town, and a- bo'at 60 Leagues above t\K Afo/it.e.il^ or Afmrn- Roy.il^ aiiot!ier confiderable Town, but all this ^vay on bath ntiv-'s of t'.ie River tlie ilabitations are lb thick chat they lo.ik like one i.ontinued \il- Uige. hVoi'tf'ic^ as the ('•<■'.■£ '/call it, tn Cit.r,-okoi)y^ at..i*'di:i-T f''' the l^atives, is a fort about 100 l.'.a.nn'' up River of j>. [iiitrauc from <Jiit:- hc-, at r!'e M-v.itii of the 1 akeOw.'. ;)•;», or i'ret' ty I ake, biult to cnb the barbarous /■ ./.'/■;o<,(, in- to t'le II.Mi'C ot Vhofc Country the Irciiib can th.::i.' II; d,e F.vcurlions ill 24 LIvHirs. The Win - tei' ,il";Lic (ills I'lice is much Iborter than at (J^fbcr, and tlie Ground bei^inning to be till'd \; -id; ail iui ts of i-'i-.-'upc ni awA Indi in Cjrain and Pltius, as HcDirp'i'., who liv'd there fune ti no ni;oriii> us, an<i whom we Ihall follow in t!ij renaming; Deicrip;ion of thefe Parts. Tl:e Lake o-!:mi> lall meiition'd, wh^ch the Fc.:':h call Lake F,/>itin.ir, in Honour (jf the (".t).!:-: : i" 'hat Name, who was Governour there, .-,;,d bu-.lt the fort, i-. Kq Leagues loiio, and z^ broid, full of Filli, and Navigable all over, the great River of ,s', .'^.;//)f«tf Hows from it. from tl'.is Lake is a Pafia^-at the fall of i\'::ii!,i>\t be- f ire dei'crib d, into ihxt of knc\ or of the Cut lying ^ojth VS'ei't froin it, anci is about 140 lea:.;iies in Length. Hetwixt this .md Lake /J't:. .! to the Nort!iward i? a btreight ^0 Leagues lo;if;, and the i'.v.ii Lake is reckon d to be a- hoit 700 Leagues 111 Coinp.iis, loo in Length, and o' an iiurertam (jreadtl!. Hence tliere are two oviier Onilets, the one Weihvard in the lake if the/,/.''.'.'..', ligmtying the Like of Men, !iO Leagues in Len.;ili,_ and 40 in iJi-eadth, Na- vigable ail over, and Ibnning a ^'.I'^at bay to tlie Weftward, call'd des Vii.tns, or of tlie link- ing People, becaufe thole who live about it came thither \'o\x\ th.ir firmer Habitations to- wards the 'ie:i, on account of the ftinkiiiii Wa- ters they i'ail tiiere. Tlie other Outlet" fro'n Lake Hwat m. to the Northward into the up- per Lake, which rinis Fait and Well: above i^o Lca;iues, being about 60 fro.n North to South and upon Sounding, no Bottom was found to it! All thole lakes running into one another, auc'i disburdening themfelves into the great River of CnuuLi, may be reckon'd as Parts of it, and make tlie Naviiiation of it ofa prodigious length as was obferv'cl fpeaking of that River. * Having fpokeii of all the Lakes, we mufl re- tiirp to the South Weft end of that of the //- linni!, wliere Monfieur dc It Salle in the Year 1679, built a Fort, call'd Miimis, becaufe it is at the Moutli of that River which runs from this lake South Weft, at Ibme ilnall diftance from wliich is that of lUinsii, iiolding much thelimc Courle till it falls into the mighty Mffifip- (ir A-/eJ(Jj.iJipc, fignif\ing t!ie6>cif Rivet: The other two with the Lakes divide Cmiri.t from Loiiijlw.i. Along this River lives the great Tribe or Nation of tlie IlLnois^ which in their Tongue fignifves Perfeft Men :, they live in great open N'illages, are tall and Ih'ong, but lazy, tiuiorous,aiid have little regard for their Chiefs; befides they are brutilli, wild, and ftupid, ancl therefore little hope appears of their Convcrfi- 011. On this R.iver A/c?:fu-ii> de l.t S.ille built anotlier Fort, by him call'd Crei'ecxiir^ and by the Natives Cliaagnn. Som.-what to the Eaft- ward are the Aliamii People on the River of the fame Name, and about 41 Degrees of Latitude •, iXk At.iskniiHii'^ and Oiiiiou igiwis live higher in 4^ Degrees Latitude. Still to the Northward of tliefe are the Ah.ulnos, the Oj..v,^ //, the Cbonj- ^.j.-i'.;/'v, and the Affcii' .b-^ thefe laft in above 55 Degreesof North Lititude, all which Parts hitherto little known but by the Relation of the Natives, only the h-.mcifc.ins have a Million in about 50 Degrees Latitude, and the French a fmall Fort on a Lake above that, call'd the Upper Lake. The H,.roiii AZi among the Lakes, and upon their Banks, are their Neiglibours and Allies tlie O.vfowjr;, both united againft the Irnqiiais, They both live upon ludl.m Wheat they low., and l-illi they take in the Lakes. The j-ll^n>i(j!tms\K between tlie throns mi Atontre.ily little differing from thofe already mcntion'd. Lhefe are t!ie inoft noted Nations we find in Cuj.iJi, it being necdlefs to trouble the Rea- der with tlie repetition of many more barbarous Names to be leen in the Table, there being no- thing to lay of them in particular, and therefore Vi'e will proceed to Louifiana. The only Accounts of this Country are fuch as we liavc from F. FJcmnppi, and Mounlieur dc Li S.ilic'i Difcoveries on the River Al.f/fipi^ or A/cf ih.i/ipe, whom we muft be beholding to for wh.ct we can lay. This mighty River is in the North, between 50 and 55 Degrees ot Latitude, but the Springs of it are not certainly known. It runs to the Southward tnl it is lolt in the Sea in a- bout 3^ Degrees, wliere u falls into rheGulph of Fluiid.i. Many great and linall Rivers iWell it with the addition of their Waters, the clnef whereol CAN A1:>A, i;f whereof are S. FrOKcis, and 5. Antony, Tomhe-vt, the River of Oxen, the Black River, Ow/yrpw/i';^, Otent-i, ltunois^am.troa^Hohio/)uma, HieiiSy and Hallatiicre. The e^rcJtt River fotnetimes overflows , but not confiderablv? being ftopp'd by Hills, beyond which the Country is tnol^ delicious, moft IMains, whofe Bounds are not yet known, with fomc few Hills cover'd with Trees. All the Country abounds in Game, as Turkeys, Par- trids^es , Quails, Parrots , Wood-cocks, Tur- tle-Doves, VVood-Pidgeons •, and for Besfts, wild Bulls, wild Goats, Stags, Bevers, Otters, Mar- tins, and wildcats*, but for dangerous, devour- ing Bealls, there are none. All the Trees iwropr affords are there in great plenty, befides very many unknown to us, but particularly, there are (lately Cedars, and a Tree, from which drops a Gum exceeding our noblcft Perfumes ; befides Cotton-Trees here growing to a prodigi- ous heighth. The Meadows are full of Grafs, and fit for any Seed, Beans growing up and down naturally. The Ground yields three or four Crops of ludi.-in Wheat in a Year, for there is no Winter, but a rainy Scafon, and there are Cole-Pits, Lead and Copper Mines, and Quarries of Free-rtone, and of a black and white Aiarble. The Natives are atfable, civil and ob- liging , without any Religion more than Ibme Veneration they pay to the Sun, whom they call Leuisy offering him the firrt Smoke sf their Pipes, and lome of the bcft part of the Bealls they kill, which they leave with their Chief, and he makes his Advantage of it. Throughout all the Northern Parts of America there is won- derful variety of Language, infomuchthat thofe who live lO or li Leagues afunder cannot un- derlhnd one another without an Interpreter. The People of Louiji.ttia differ from thofe of C/- n.tdii in all rerptfts,being Icfs morofe and thought- ful, more lively and aftive, and the very (liape of their Heads much riatter. Their Chiefs are much more abfolute, and their Government much Politer. They know norliing of Fire-Arms, or have any I*iflruments ot Steel or Iron, all their Cutting Tools being made of lliarp Hints. Their principal Ornaments are Bracelets, and Pendants of Pearls, which tiiey ipoil lor want of know- rig hov» to bore tliem. To give an Account of the Extent of this Country is impollible, tlio' It 15 true Jjcfimp;!.', from whom we have ta- ken this Account, fays it i> bigaer than all hHrape, hut he law no more than what was ad- jacent to the River, and therefore fpeaks of all the reil hyguefs', and if we coiifider what was before tlitiover'cl aiiU known, we llull per- ceive he magniti,.s his own Dilcovery, which ap- peals thus. The Kiver of the JILhok, where he bC(/.in, is between 35 and 36 Degrees of North Latitude, and trnm thence atcoiding to lusown Account, but I20j or I'O LcaJues totheCjulph 0. lA.vut', and from jie River of the Jlli/iuis upward tj the /t.iti m .y be ab.jut 180, lo that the w!io!e Length may make 300 Leagues, hut then the hrcailth ot his Progreis, as h.is been laid, is but along tlie tviver. In the Northern Part Eallwaid Cin.iaa was before difcover'd, and the bouthern Part of it cannot reach far- tiier than *•' ^,/u:t and C.i,-ol,/i.i-^ then on the South lide /-<■ (i.j has long heen known, towluch lome liMCenf ill le aiUnv'J mi the Land, and latUy , on the Well New /l/fftv, Unroira aiidC.lin.i havv been man > Veais lubjcift To the Spaniards, who all place Quivir.t and the y4pt- dies raqiieros in 40 Degrees 1 atitude, defcribing the very wild Bulls, as Hennepin does, and it is certainly the fame Country, as may appear by comparing the Pofition and Defcription, but that he enhances upon his [">ifcovery , fo that it wants to be made more plain by fuch as Ihall follow him, and Moip.air de la Salle, which lail might perhaps have given us firther Satisfaftioil bad not he Dcen unfortunately kiU'd by the In- dians. Iroquois. This Nation, as was faid at firft, lies alona the Southern Bank of the River of Canada, whicn is its proper Northern Bordering, on the Eaft it touches the ttechemins, has the Englifij Plan- tations on the South, and towards the South Eaft Loiii/iana, It is true, f. Hennepin,^ whom we Hill follow, fays there are three or four Iroquois Villages on the other fide the great River of 5. Laitrenie or Canada^ about Fort F»-o«f;>».if, but thefe are only Colonies of the others, and more civiliz'd than they, as living under the French. Thele People are divided into five Can- tons, or Tribes. The firft to the North Eaft is that of the G.inicgitez. , or Aguiet, neighbouring upon New fork, who have three Villages, and make up 400 Fighting Men. The fecond to the Wellward the UnrecioMs, being not above 150 Fighting Men. The third ftill the fame way of the Unngnta^itez., or Mountaineers, becaufe they live on the higheft Ground, 300 Fighting Men the braveft of the Nation. The fourth the Oion- fiMcns, who make three Villages, and in them 300 Fighting Men. The fifth and laft, theTj'onnon- toiians, towards the tarther end of the Lake On- tario, or Frvminai, containing in three Villages 300 Fighting Men. It is needlefs to fay any thing of their Country, which is the fame as all that Part of C.in.uta already dcfcnb'd \ but for the People, they are the moft Barbarous, Info- lent, and Inhuman of any in North America, and would never be at Peace, or entertain any Com- merce with the Eirropc.ins, but for the advan- tage of fuch Commodities as they want , and particularly for I ire Arms and Ammunition, which it is pity tliey were ever furnilh'd with, fince they have only lerv'd todeftroy many C/;>/- /lians, and thoulands of yimtricvu, whom they bloodily Butcher, and Iiave made no difficulty to make Excurfions lijme Hundreds of Leagues, on- ly to fatisfie their own cruel Difpofitioii, which is fuch, that they are more like ravenous Bealls than Men. They put all the Prilbners they take in War to tlie moll exquifite Torments, leave them extended whole Nights on the Ground in the coldeil Weather ; burn them by Piece-meal with liot irons, tear otf their Nails and Hair, cut out their Tongues, throw hot Alhes upon their Wounds. In all which Barbarities the Wo- men are as aftive as the Men, and they give their Children the Blood of thofe Wretches to drink, which done, they devour the Flefii themfelves. Vet nothing is done among thefe Monllers with- out mature deliberation. Councils being always held to confult about all publick Affairs. If tie/ would put any of their own to Death for (bme enormous Crime, they have a Man to do the Execution, and firll make him drunk with Bran- dy, that the Kindred of the Party put to Death may not leek Revenge i for they alledge that \"\'K m, i:'iii 1^6 C AN ADA. t!ie Executioner being Mad and Drunk wlicn fie did it o^lit to bo excii^'d, and that appeafcs tliein. Tliev aUvavs ktcp Spies abroad to y.ivL" tlieui Intilli^oiue , and arc tlicmlelvis a luble crafty l-*coplc, and lliarp enont^Ii ni the way uf Tjade. The Etechemins Ate the next North Eaft of the Jrorjiiois, di- vided from them by a fmall Riv^T, h.is the Ri- ver Ci^.jfli on the North, (i.ifpcji i and Arcndui with the fiulphof that Sea that forms it on tlie Eaft, and the Ocean and New E'iy,larid on tlie Soutii. The Country takes its Name from a Ri- ver focall'd, rnnnins^crofi the middle of it, and falling into the Bay of Accidia. Here are vafl quantities iif H^rrui^s in A'tuy and 'lioic. The Cruntry is all io cover'd with Trees and Buliics, that it looks like one continued Forilt, which renders tt mUit for Tillat;e till that Ob- fl.iclc he remov'd, yet the Soil I'eems Good. The Woods and y«'aterij breed llich infinite Mul titudes of Gnats that they are not to be en ilur'il. The Natives differ nothui^ from the . s'«//- /)f/.'o/x weliiall Ipeakof below, in M.r.niers, Cu- Aoms, and Shape ol Body-, but their I.an^uag,e is quite dilftreiit. Arcadia, Once call'd New Sio'l.tud, but fnrrender'd up to the t'ionh, liad by them the preleiit Name, being a Feninl'ula, encompafs'd on all lides by the Sea, except on the North, where a fmall Ifihuius joins it to the Contintnt in tliat Part which Icme wrongfully call •■iii^id.i, but is in re- ality that part of the Etcchcmns Country to which others have ^iven the Name of O'ltlprfii, from the Port of 6,(/w, mueli relorceci to by the F ceil. On this i'en:nfiiLi i!ie Eaidi have ieveral Settlements, the chief of them Port Royal on the Well fide of it, where the Sea makes a great Bay, the Port good, but tlie Town incon- fideraMe, yet fn'tified of late. The otlitr Fretnb Dwellings are of Ids Note, AsWivt R-Jfiui.il^ and LiHcvc, and J'-Jpiyon the South fide, I'oiube- qiiet on the Welt, and AJ.i>it>iu,i) on the Eallern Point. ThePeopls here inhabiting the Inland, and abutit Prt Roy.d are call'd i'o«//^«o;i, hand- .Ibme and of a middle Stature, inoil black Hair, anti of a dark Complexion, occalion'd by their daubing jonly tlie principal Men wearing Beaids, tlie ret! pulling liieai up by the Roots \ in other lefpev'ts tliey are like the rdt of the Salvages. In SumTier tliey live on i-ilh, and in Winter on what tliey kill in Hunting, and knew nothing t)f Hread till they learn'd of the Fftucli. Ihey are lubmillive to their Caci(|Ues, but know lit- tle of vn:d, or Ren-^ioii, yet believe in Sorcerers, and refptct t;iein,tliel'e being alio their I'hylicians U';;l Surt!,c(j!n, lor which they ul'c many Charms. Their Langu.ge diners from all other Parts of i..iii.i.li. 111 iliis rrovnicc, and that of the £/«■- t(>;«/i.'.t we have chietly t.iliow'd Lmi. Having run tlirough tlie Deicnption of tlicfe Provinces, it remains that loinetinng be added_ Hilloriial, vviiich can only coiilill in (peaking of ilie Uiicoverers aii'l tlk-ir Actions, all Amciint txti.pt Akx.1.0 and iirn^ .uri'tding nothing of tins !ort, before IouikI out by \.\\i t.iro'jcMu. The lirll Uiiioverer for the Fre.icli was ju.m y'ma- Tjitio a Floremine, in the Year 1524, wlio runa- long all the Coail from 28 to 50 Degrees of North 1 atitnde, whence the Fenclj have fome- times given the Name of New France to all tliat Traft of Land , vet he did no more t!ian view along the Sea. Nor did tliis Difcovery produce any thing fome Years, for it does not appear that there was any Prolecution of it till 1554, when Jaques Cartier was upon Ni:vfotmdlai:dy and tlie next Year proceeded to S. Laurtnce'% Bay, and xoGwadit, making farther Obfervati- ons on that Coafl, and Trading with the Na- tives, and in 1522 he built a Fort, and Win- ter'd there, but this came to nothing as well as the reft. In i %4.z Ma/ijieur Ribaidt went up- on tlie Coaft of Florid.! , <.>( whom, and tiiofe who follow'd him thither we lliall (peak when we come to that Province. The Nortlirrn Ex- peditions ftill ceas'd till tlie Year 1603, wlien Simucl Clia.npLiin Sail'd to thofe Parts, and in his Way met Mountains of Ice, yet went up tlie River of Cunadi, as far as Tadon([.ic,hd^w defcrib'd, wliere he was entertaui'd in moil friendly Manner by tlie great 5.),^ /««, or Prince of that Part ol the (Country. He went 10 or 12 Leagues up the River of Siii^Hcn.iy ^ but <j,i that of C.iihid.t they proceeded as far as ihitb^c, where it narrows to ^00 Paces, and tlieiue pro- ceeded to tlie great Cataraft or fall, whidi they went by Land to View, and tho' Li Huhiiu, md Hemicphi botli reprefent it to be one, and entire of feveral hundrecl Foot, yet Chamnla.n, who lays he faw it as well as they, affirms it is ftep by ftep, that is, rowlingfrom one Rock to another, aiicl divided into Branches. Having view'd fo much of the River and Country, he left a Colo- ny at Quebec, and in all made fix Voyages thi- tiler from Fr.wcc, cimtracling ftrift Amity with the Natives, and giving the hotiitois two gre.it DefeatSj with great Slaughter of them. AJl' t.'i.u follow'cl after Iiim have left little light oi' \\\uz they did, being wholly einploy'd in Trade, a::J fettling the PolfelUon before taken, Io that th. , fortified themfelves and ereded other Forts in feveral Parts, as has been inention'd. The ne":; Difcoverer hire was /'. /-/-w/c/i//;, in the Ye.:r 1679, who running up the River of C.inudu int) the Lakes, made liis way through them to tlie River AtiffiJ'p'-y or Mcjlhiijipt, and liiiling down tliat to the Southward, penetrated as tar as the Bav of /1/fA-/ro,taking a View of all that Country cali'd LoitifuM.i, before delcrib'd. Atenfiatr de l.t S.ilte he tells us did thelinne two Years after imii, and then thinking to find the fame way by the Mouth of the River upwards, faii'd from /-irf.if to that purpofe in the Year 16^4, and after much wanuring in vain was at Jail kill'd by his own Men, (ome of wliom got fafe intot.',i«.j.i.;, and thence to F,,wte. Baron /..; Floni.iu ums the next Adventurer, who made his Difcovery to the Weftward o( th\: Miff/fipi, up that he callt, the Long Riv;r , viliting tlie Nations of the Ftj-i't-ipe: and jthtfiiuiei ^ who told him llr.ui^;- Staries of thofe beyond them, very little tol>e regarded till we have loaie better Inforiii.itioii, and therefore with tins we mull conclude tiie Dilirovcries in AV:p F,.i>hc, which has ever finee continued aniiex'd to the Crovvnof i-V^vt^. On- ly in the Year 1629, {Jjidcc being deftitute ol Provilions and Aminunnioii, as having retev'd no Supplies fromiv.<«ct 111 two Years, was taken by the ti/^lijh , AUiif.eitr t»atrq<l.ii>t the Oover- T\UX Of "BRITISH T>OMINIONS. i?7 nour bafely fnrrenclring to make his private Ad- v.intagc , contrarv to the Opinion of others, who were for defending themftlves. How- iviT, the French fofjti after recover'd their Pof- IclUoii. Ill 1689, Sir William I'hips, Governour of Nev} Eii^Lind^ having got together a Fleet of 34 Ships, luil'd up the Kiver o\ Can.id.i as far as_ (Jnthev withadcfigii to make hiinfelf Mafter of that Place ■, in order to it he LaWdcd 3000 Men a League and u hall' below tlie City, with fome lield-Pieccs, and advanc'd towards the Place, but they were receiv'd io warmly in a Copice by j or 400 French and ludians^tXux. they fled back to their Ships, leaving 3C0 dead upon the Spot. They repeated their Attempt upon the Cupice ano- ther Day, and fought better than the tirft, yet with as little Suceefs. lofing as many, and re- tiring totlie River', Dy which the Frencn wertf fo encourag'd, that they purfued them to their Camp, and lay all Might flat on the Ground to be ready to attack it in the Morning, wherein they were prevented, for there being very few regular Tioops in that great Number, theyem- bark'd at Midnight with lutli Confufuju that 50 more were kill'd getting into their Boats. In tlie Morning ilMhench carry'd the Tents and Cannon they had left behind them into the Ci- ty, and the Indians had the ftripping of the Dead. Sir WittUm Phips having thrown away Ic) many Men to no purpofe through his ill Con- dudl, Sail'd again out of the River, and return'd to New-Lngland. CHAP. IV. Of the BRITISH DOMINIONS upon the Continent. [ See the Map in Page 229. ] THeir 1 eiigth from North to South is con- fiderable, but the Breadth from Eaft to Well not anlwerable. Thefirllofthefe Ways, they reach from 32 to 45 Degrees of North Latitude, including C(ro/«»^j, and may be about 350 Leagues of Coail ■, yet up the Land they reach not far vthe fartheft is nr^inla , which extends wider than any other, being within an hundred Miles of the Ocean, and that only where there are confiderable Rivers. In this long T raft and variety of latitude we may well imagine there is no lefs diverfity as to Tempe- wture of Air, difference in Soil, and multipli- Counties. 'Alain. Cormval, EBex. • Middlefcx. Suffdk. Hampjhire. New-England. < PUmouth. Barnjtable, Briftol. New- London. Hartford. New- Haven. [^Fairfield. ^Albany. Vlfter. Dm chefs. Orange, Kings. Suffolk. IChefler. Richmond, Ntw-Tork. [^OueensCoimty rlUrgen. )Elfe.x: SAliddlefex. t AionmuHth, ' Burlington, fClocefier. iSalcM. L Cape Ally. New- York. < EA\ Ncw-Jerfcy. WeftNewJcrfey. city of Indian Nations, as alfo many Rivers of Note, and other Particulars worth obferving, which however (liall not be touch'd in this Place for fear of Repetitions ■, but being to fpeak particularly of each Province, we Ihall in every one give as ample a Defcription of all thofe things which delerve itj as may form a true Idea ol thofe Parts, and this Volume will per- mit. To come to the Divifion, beginning on the North, as we have hitherto done, and defending Southward, the feveral Provinces with the Coun- ties in them, lie thus. Counties. > Buckingham. .Philadelphia. Penfylvania. jNewcaftle. I Kmt. 'Siifjex. . CiKfter. 'Baltimore. Arundel. Calvert, Prince George, Charles. Maryland, s S. Mary's. Somerfet. Dorchejler. Talbot. Kent. ICecil. CRichmondi IStajford. Efjex. . AliddlefeXi j Clocefier. I King and Queen's County, Virginia. < ^'"& WilliamV County, New Kent. Elizjxbeth. Warwick. Tork. Jtwies. Prince George. X^harles City. 1, 1 1 fimitt '»ii !,i'i :l i)S BRITISH DOMINIONS. Countie?, 'f Henrico County. Snrrev. I. of IVieM. Nanfemitrid. ... . . Princefs Annf. Virginia. ^ Norfolk. Wtflmorlimd. IjVic.iller. Nnrthiimberliwd. ylccomnck. .Northampton. New-England. This mod Northern of the Fir^Hpi Plantations Iiesbctween4iand45 Decrees ot'North Lititude, bounded on the I'.al\ by the Ocean ■■, on the North and Weft by Nnr-h'r.mcc , and particularly the Province of the Itcclitmins , ann the hnqnois-^ and on tlie Sontlt by New-York. The Inland I'.x- tent, asiwasTiid beforcof the fw^Z/y?^ Plantations in General , is but finall , all the Planters covet- ing; to be near the Sea, or at Kaft on foine Navi- gable River, for t'le Conveniency ofTrade. Thofe Rivcis liere are none of them very t'.re.it, for their Courle beinj; fliorr, they receive not the Addition of many Waters tolvveil them •, but of f MafHirhufet, Province. MS York. Cortnval.'Tr'oir)-. F.lTex ''S.ilem. Xlpjwkh. t Candnidge. jCh.i)/esTon'" S Fc.idiiig. ( H'.itcytoKn, SBffioti. Dorrhc/ic: Roxhuyy. \Vc\:)r,onih, I lampniire. { ^'^ Middkfex. Suffolk Nortl.'.impton, y'lugficld. MaUachufet Province is reckon'd to extend along the Coaft Norili-eall and South- weft about tio Miles in length, the f^reatcft Breadth up the InUncI, be- ini; under Oo, and much lefs in all other Places. The Northern Boandarv of this Province, and of the wh ilcCoaiitry, is 'lie little River 5/»to. On the South tinb Province is divided from tliat of Plimoiiih, by another fmall Water at tlie Town of Scini.iic^ to the Eaft it has the Ocean, and on the Wel't it has high Mountains and thick I orefts to divide it trom the yet unconquer'd Country of the N.itivis. V\'e Will take the Counties and Towns as they He from North to Soutli. A/. mi and CaymvJ are Vf y b.irren up tlie Inland, but towmds the Si.a and alun;; the Rivers yield Corn, and Palture i there ar^.' leveral Towns nam'd 'vithin tlK'in,whicli. as v, ,is laid belore, do not delerve to be localla and iherelore not inention'd here ^ tor even among the three (]hii fell, which are Yoyk.,Duic^Aw!iiVclls, it \v,ll bi- hard to make a tolerable one, lince tliey tell Us, there were ico Kunilie^ in H'tlh before Counties: ^ AlbcmarU. I Clartndon. Carolina. ^ Critvcn. Birkley. Coliitoti. .Cirttret. thefe the ConneBiciit is the Chief, Navigable in Boats about 50 Miles •, and next to this the Tlj.imeiy the (>l"Js River, Piinixei, iVare, Provi. deuce, Oithiebeqniii, Afarimiuk, Sico, Pemma^iud C'jfco, S ijiadchock, Kenebeck and Penobjlot ; nioft of them lo inconfiderable, that tu Name ihein is enongli •, but if any deferve more, it lliall be in tlieir proper i'rovinces. Tins Country is divided into three Provinces, and thofe again into I'cveral Counties, which with their Towns of any Note, are fet down in the fol- lowing Table, not to till up Paper witli above an Hundred Names of Places call'd Towns which are fcarce\'ill,iges,but moftof tliem Country P.irilhes, and not worth I'oinuch as Naming. (VfTP Plimoiiih. Siitit tie. ( Plimouth.{y Plimouth \ J:' Province. J Baniftable.4 S.irnfidle. ^ '^'■'ftol. {^^'- rStyb>ook. New- London. < New- London, Connefticut \,Umc, and New- , ,, , , r , r 1 haven Pro-*! U»itlurd. 3 Hartford. New-haven. (" Byaiiiford, L Fairfeild. v in CBS. the Wars with the Natives, and confeqiK'ntly fewer now, by which we lee they are inconfide- rable I'laces , only tlut they have tome Works thrown up about them , for a Fence againft the l/idiam. This lair.e may be underllood of ;ill the other Towns we give no particul.ir Account of, wliirh tlierelore lliall not need repeating. hffex County is w.iter'd by the River Af.iyi- w.ick, Navig,ible near 40 Miles •, the Soil poor, except near the Coaft •, its principal Town Silcm, wliere the County-Court is kept, a Market eve- ry Week, and two Fairs m a Year. AlidMefex County, being water d by many fmall Rivulets, is reckon'd one of the pleal'aiitelt and fruitfullelt Parts of Ncw-t'.ii.il.wd, abounding in all forts of Cattel, which is tiience exported to other Parts. Its Chief Town KCamliyiilf/, at lirlt c.ili'd AV:i'- Town, leaied on tlu Northern Kranch oi Charles Rivcr, and thang'd iisNuine upon being m.ide an Uinverricy, and having two Collet'.es built in it, wliich are //vn'.in^ ColK-ge and Sti.iwhtuH ll.ill, bclides w!iich , it his fever.il good Houfcs and haiidlom Streets, and the County C.mrt is hi.;d in it twice a Year. Cuylei-'lo-.v 1 is the next, ,t Mi'.e lioin Z<''y?y//, acrol'k ilie iiarbuur, conlillin.; i.r N ElV.ENGt AND. M^ ..f two lone, Streets, ft Market-phicc, andaliand- (om f 'hnrrli i ;tiicl here tlK'Coiiiit\-Ciiiirt is kept t wire a Ycir. At Rr.iAin/i, another ^',(x>tl To\vii, ilicrc is 4 (In'u Mil «ik! anotltcr to f.iw Timber. Af H'litfrtonn there .ire two I'airs vcarlv. 'uffoll; rriiMitv is hoiKinr'd with the Capii.il (f i!ii.'f'i)iiiiirv, wlii(h is Bn/)ort, thclari;ell and beft Toxvii ill till" / »;a'//7^ y^/;,fi/(.w Domiiions, biii't II till- Sia (!(i:il^, toiiveiiienflv for Tradi'. Tlie ll.irhoiii- (mii'd bv a JUouk f "alHc in an Illaiid, ,t ihe Month of it, with Forts on the Shoar of ilic rdjititicnt to ftriire all the Aveniu-t. This iii:.\ b;- lall'd a ("it\, as well b\ ic.ilim of its Opii- IciK v, as (iir the fjivcral hanf'l'iin Hiiildin^sin it, liotli I'ublick and Private-, a* the Conrt Honfe, Market-Plare, Sir iVI/l. Phip's Houfc, &r. belidcs fcviial fpacious handfoin Streers, and (aid to con- tain lo, or ixoooSoiiU, out of which they form four Companies of Militia, which is too little if thealorel.ud Number of Inhabitants be trne.Theie are n I'anlli ("Iiniches beloni'jnji to tlie Prcjby- terians, a fumlj Church for that Nation, and two Mfetinp,-Houfes for a pariicular Congrei;a- tion of the fhnrrli of I'ti.tnnd^ and the Aiiiibap- tifts. Tins is the threat P(,rt of Ntw-r.n^LmJ, where ^, or 40oSliii)s hav,- been loaded in a Year with 1 umber, Kill , Beef, Pork, t-c. for fcveral Parts of Eitrcpe and Anicrkn, and here the Go- vcrnoiir refides, theConrts of fudiCiturefit, and the AlTeinblv,bein<; like a Parliament, meets, there is a Market every Week, and two Fairs Yearly. The next i^o'xl Town is Dorchciter^ built near the .Sea and has two Fairs, and next to that Roxhirrv, only remarkable for having a Free Schotjl ; anci laltly, Weymouth^ the ancienteft , but inconfide- rable. PUmomh Colony , or Province is the next to Af;i[f.ichiifi't, f(r«ichin4 along the Sea about ico Miles, with along Ontlet,"or flip of Land run- ning into the Sea, ending at Cape Co^, and form- n;g liiiriifl.tiU R.ty. Plimoml) County is the firft, (it which little needs be laid in Regard it is in all Refpefls like tlie laft fpokeii of-, Pliinouth vmA ScifiiJte being -he only Towns of any Note in it, the lall of wbicli has twoChurcliCi. Next is Barn- JlMe County containing the abovenicntion'd flips of I and , running out into the Sea and CapeCW, wi'ich is very bigh and tlie Country .ibout it bar- ren, for which the Filliing makes amends. Its principal Town, call'd alio /</>-»y?ijWc, is no way remarkable. A>/y?o/ County follows, in which are Svo.wfcy and llrlflnt Towns, which have nothing worth taking Notice of. The Rivers of this Coun- try are finalf, and there is nothing in it different from what has been fa id before. Conneiiiutt and iVt;r/)rfw« Provinces, being now JDyn'd, and but one Colony, lie along the Sea, where it turns away from Muimmcnt Bay, .ind lies alinofl: Eafl and Weflrj a little inclining Southward, about 70 Miles from the Kdge oi Pii- nioiiih Co\w\\j to the Borders of Ne\v-Tork\ and from the Sea up tlie inland it extends about 50 Miles. All this Province to the Weftward, and up the Country, is full of Woods,Mountains, and.Vlorallesjwhere there is good Game and Trade of Furs. New- London County is the firll here, whole Capital Town bears the fame Name, feated 0:1 the River call'd TIju/ms , which Iras fcveral Hraiithcs tliat Water the Country. Saybrouk the •idelt Tovvn in this County and Lime^ are feat- al ciHioiIi Sides, and at '.he Mouth of Comictti- <■'• River, whichisKavif^ablein Boats, about Oo Miles up to HmUrd, which i^ the Chief Town of a County of the fame Nxine, lying from thr Sea. AVip-fc<j:Y« is the nevt M.nitinr Co intv , .ind then Fairfitid the Uft, 111 b^r!, nlncli there i-J no Town of any Note, but poor inronriderabli' I'laces, moft of the Country S, or 10 Mile", from the Sea, being barren Hills and Morafle5,,'iid un inhabited •, t!ie reft luvrtr r'le i^ea does nor want Bed, Pork and Cum, lur li.is little Frado. Thus miicli may fuftice fortiiere Provinces and Counties in particular:, it remains to .add fome thing of the Country in general. No Sea afl'ord i more I'lenty, or variety of Filli, but Newfmnd- f-fid^ has taken off much of the Cod Filliery , whereof there is ftil! a tunfiderable Trade to the Illaiid;. For Beafti there are Bears, Foves, Kac ki.oiis. Otters, Beavc-s, Deer, Hairs, Kabbifs,atKl a llrani;e Creature call'd a Mofe, 12 loot Iiigh, the Body as big as a Bulls, the Neck like aStai;s, the Icgslliort, the Tail longer than a Mucks, and the Tips of the Morns 12 Four ahmder. There are belicles abundance of£«rnpM»Beafis, as Cows, Slicep, Goats, Hogs, and Horfes , the lafl: fm.al{ but iwidy, lomctimes exported to the Leeward Ill:inds, as is a good Qpantity of Leather, Beef and Pork. Inlefls of all Sorts there are abundance, efpe- rially FlieS .and Gnats, which arc very trouble- blelom j and of Reptiles the moll noted is the Kattle-Snakc, fo call'd from a noife it makes with the Tail, like a Rattle, and this is a dangerous Creature. Nor is there leCs \'arietv of Fowl, both' Wild and Tame. The Prcdurt of the Earth is generally of all fuch Herbs and Fruit as grow in England, Corn and Indian Wheat, and for Trees Oak, Elin, Alli, Cyprefs, Pine, Chefnut, Cedar, Afpin, Beech, Fir, .md SafTifias. They carry hence to the Hlands Boards, Mafls, Piuc Staves, Hoops, and Beef, Pofk, Meal and other ProviHons i and in Return, receive Su^.ir, MolalTes, Rum, rjiiii^er. Indigo and Cotton, ei- ther for their own Expence, or to tranfport into Lngl.vid, from wlience rhey have Stiilfs, Silks, Li- nen, Birminf^h.iin-V<\\w , all Sorts ot Working- Tools and Apparel. Money t/iey have but very little, and therefore generally barter one Com- modity for another, tho' they have a Mint at Bcjton. It is needlefs to trouble the Reader with abun- danteofBarbarousNames of Nations, as they call them, oilndi.tns , moft of which are no longer to be found, being either deftroy'd by the tnglijh, or Hed from them. In general they were a nak^d People, Subjeft t(« petty Kings, whofe Territo; ies feldom extended above 10 Miles, and very of :cn much lefs. The grcatell Difference among then being ill their leveral Languages. In Winter the/ would cover them (elves with !,' Skins of Wild- Beafts, which they laid by in ">, n..ner. They fed on Indian Wheat, Pi(h and G - , their Weapons Bows and Arrows pointed with Filh Bones ■, their Boats and Caiiooes made of folid Trunks of Trees liollow'd. Some had fettled Habitations, and o- tliers wander'd about like the I'artars. AH their Religion conlilled in a little Familiarity with and U'orfliip paid to the Devil, to which Purpofe they had a loit of Conjurers, or Jugkrs among them, who were both Pnelhand Pliyticians. Since the i?',c/'/" have been aiiioHg them, thofe wlio live near them are Iouk thing more civilized- Their Kings are Abiolute i their Houfes Mats 1 v'd about lAiles falln^d ia the Earth. They be- L 11 : !ieve \\' ii'i iMm 14^ hJ EfKYORK. i Itcve rlieie are manv Cjods, and Dancing is their cinct" Rdii^iD'is Circinniiy, Thi'vtcll lu ()( ;ilMiii(l.mrc of /n<i; w Coiu'crt', nav of f>icl,:n i'rcachois, hy wliom it is likily tliorc l\i>pi«.' mull be well mftrurtcd •, but tlic Ki i- tilli I'mpirc in vLroica ^ivc■s Ms a good Iiillance of tbi'- Satiirt, w'lKi'c it fav^, '>iie Jittoomft ati Iiidia.i be'ii£ ror.verttd, told ibt i'.(f/;i ris, or chief Men (if I>is Omntrv, 'Ihe (inrh theylVerJlupp'ii hill ureal I'uwr, km limited iiid j u'fcrvicnl to the Cod he had chifiii. An cxcelli-nt iLxprcilion to fluiw wliat a ConviTt he was, for wliit inore could the moll Ihipid IdoUit^T li.ive fair! .'lie allows tliofe thi'Y worlbip'il to le(io<ls, and of i;rcat I'ower, only tl)at lu' h.id cliolln one b.id more. Thus it appears what Notion h: had ot'Chrirtianity, and Vtt fuch Cnatnres as tlic e tluv ttU ns in .; tew Years are made I'altorsto Convert and ln|}nifl otlicrs, then no Qklhon but huh Mailers mull ha"e lutable OikpLs. Enou^hot this and of the Coloiu , the Hilliulc.il Part whereof, as to the Dilcovery and I'Luit'iin 111 ill be relerr'd to the laft, after IpiMkini' of all tlie other £//^/'/.' Domi- nions along tlie (Continent. Kew York Is a narrow Slip of Land lying between Neve- hueitiidon t!ie K.ift and A/.r^/o/Zs Kivei" on the VVift, on the Norili it has th>.' lav.i.;c Country of tlio Natives, and on tlie Soutli it h,i-> tlie Ocean, walhii!>i the Coalt of L-Jiif,-Ji/ i::d, wliuli is a ci.ni- fiderablc, if not tlie bell I'art i)f tlie Colony, and leparatcd by a lin ill Arm of the Set. Tlie Conti- nent is frarce 20 Miles over in the broadell place fiorn Hall to Well, and but near 150 in length from North to Sourh. And Loiif, J/t.i/;d h about TOO Miles in Lei.^th Nortli-eaft and South-weft, and not a! we i; m Bruidih. The Cliui I.' 15 reckon'd more temperate than thit oiNert-L. . / Hid, and the Soil fo fruitful, that ••. i.asbetii known 10 yield an Hundred for one in \\ heat, if we may believe the I'lanters. There is I great Mauulaeture 111 Laiii^-IjUtid in Earthen Wire-, but the main Trade of the Province con- fif sin Fur?, Skins, Tabaco, Horles, Beel, Pork, I'cale, V\ lieat, and 1 illi Oil. The Soil produces Flax, Hemp, and all Sorts of 1-ruit. In the inulll of the llland is a Plain 16 Miles in Length and I 111 Breadth, whiih yields excellent Hay. In Winter the Inhabitants catch many VVhal s and Seols along the bouih-lide oi the llland, oi ivliidi they make a confideiable Qiiantity of Oil. The inhabitants on the Continent, trade wiih the Indium for Skins of Elks, Deer, Bears, Bea- vers, Otters, Kackotms,and aH Sorts of rich Furs, and have V'enilbn and Fowl from them very cheap. To Birbadoe:, and the i)ther Ulands, they carry Horfes, Beef and Pork , for whicli they receive Sugar, MolafTes, Rum, c;t. To ,l/</(-^er;jaiid the Ai.ori:s they carry Pipe-flavesand Filh, in return whereof they bring Wine and Brandy. The Soil is here Richer, and the Climate more temperate than in Ne'.x>-tns,litnd\ but it is hotter in Sum- mer and colder in Winter than in the fame Lati- tude in Fii'-ope. Tiie Bealls, Birds, Infe£ls and •^ifli are much the liime here as in New- England ^ and theretore nothing need be laid of them -, nor is there any confiderable Ditfereiice as to the Natives, except 111 their languages, which are difficult and bar- barous. They are generally a h.indrom People, only make t'lc.r Skins t.i.vny bvcintinim;;', d';' • ni^, very dexterous it tiieir llow^ and Arrous apt to Learn, but Tuch addiiled to Sorceiv.'v'iic;: IS praftis'd by tlieir PnJls, who cin'..avi,ur i.>) tvve them a .',r.at A 'erfion to Chr.lhaiitv. If i Man dillikei' his Wife, lie turn- iier olF and t:ikts another. Ihey are eytraoidinary Sub.niilive to tlieir Kings, believe the Tiannni;',ration of 'in;it^, mighty Dancers, fond of all Sports, and ihore\\h(i have learnt to play at C,i'd<, fo f md of them rltnt they will lole all they have at them. In all the Territory of Neip-Vork there are I'carce loco /;/- diiiri .Men left. A'eivTork is tlie Name of the Chief Town of tliis Province, containing about 800 Houfes, many of them handfome, a great Church lately built, a Diitih, a hc/ich, and a Ltttheran Church, as alfo a Frce-Scliool. The Town is conveniently leated at the Moutiiof yVwi/yiz/'s River, and is defended by a Fort, ca'l'd /!;///(, and two Batteries towards tlieSea. Thi; Place was inoft of it built by the DiitJ), before t!ie V.irilijh took it from ihcm, the greatert P.itt of Brick and Stone, and cover'd with Tiles. Near 150 Miles up tlie Country from New 'link (lands the To\sii of Alluny, laoll inha- bitc; by JJiit(!:, w!io remain'd there after then Coiii'.tr',-men loil tlie Pi>.vince, and IiereaStone Fou' 15 lately bu;lt. ,\hwc yl:i..i:y vv.;> another T. .v;i call'd >"..-../ id.:, of alx-ut i-o Houles, in- h. nted by />,;;. 7y and L>/<li//i, biu dellvoyVl by til ■ liaiMi.'. I he ull of theTowiis are not worth in>.ii:ioiiing. Yet this Province is divided into 10 Counties, 5 of tiicm inhabited by D;:ul) and their Chikireii, whid) are ^Ih my, Vlfiei, D,iichrf.<, Orange and Kiiig's-Connty, the otiiers Suljr!':, ( '/,r, A'.f,;- woud, JVcw-lork, and iJitccn's-Cuii m each of which there are bettlenients, bu jf tlkin fuch as do not delerve the Name is, tlw' iu call'd. Ntw-Jerfcy On the Eafl is bou.ided by the Sea and Undjou'i River, tills la il dividnupt from i\fif-rork\, on the Well by JJri'W.'i t Kivcr, whicii parts it Irom J'oijyh.mia ■, on iiie South it has tile Ocean and Dciu\r.trc Bay, aiki on the North a Line drawn from DiiiitV.iic lo ii:Mji.ti\ River, at 41 Dei^reei of Noitli I.atitik'.e le|;aratts it Iroai the upper Continent-, lo the Length trom North to Suutli is about izo Miies, and the grtatell Breadth about half as much Eall and VV'clt. The utniull Soutliern Extent reaihing Ut about 39 Degrees Latitude. It IS divided into tw j Parts fiom North to South, which are therefo'c call'd >:')// and H'at Jeijey. The firll is the biggell and belt iii.'ia- bitcclof them,cominenciig at tf^^-lJatiour in the South,and divided from t leotiier by a Line drawn thence Nortliward, by vhich it has more of the Sea Coaft. The Countie; it is Subdivided into are Four, Wt. Bei-^hm C'vunty on Hudj.n'i Ri- ver next NewTor/t, belides which, feveral other Streams water it. Tlie vJhief Town bears the fame Name, and ismoft inhabited by Diueii, be- ing about 350 Souli, anil about as many more di- Ipers'd abroad ill the Country. 2. Ai/f.v County, in whi' h is Llizuibetli Town, oppolite to Htjiai llland, inhabited by about 2jO families, and in it the Courts arc kept and the greatetl Trade car- ried on. To the Northward is another little Town •jf about (00 Families, call'd Nfwark, 3. A/;<i dUje.x 'P BN'^riVANl A H /V;<.i riiiinty, whore »rp Fcrth Citv, \ft will HAXce Tfir.ke .t \'ilhij;e-,/'//caM;iMiof 8o FainiliC'., and W liarf. aloiif; )l Wfr ■ .( i'lfuhoiit CO. )l Wp- .( i'lfuhollt CO. .'ti . /■''•'7j' ^//..icvuf J.O. ret c. !l\l a Citv ',_ In whirii .ippcaro \vh:it Inuli I'LiCcs f'ifV t!i^',nit\ wi'Ii {iicli Siaino, j., Min- /(W//i riMinty, ;iM(l in it A!,Uuict,iii. fi)iit,i'"!Hj5 ICO Fiun!lii'«. •, Shrov.iluoy i6o, aiui mr/i-./,/ about jo ■, iircl in ii'l il'il,. Cnui't' "d Panlli, r.or Cliiir<!i, Inr miU To'-f Mci'tip>;Ffo'jres. If'(y/ ."''«'V-V, ("iTili',!, in n-/, ird toits Pofitioii iroin I .'ii-'lt.l'\ •, Iri 111 \\\\\(h it is clivitloci hy the I iiicafunlaid iiplf>* I';ift,aiid tlu'lanuotlici Honii- daritsatiove-iiuntioiicd.It isdividcd into 4 C \i\». lies, vi^. /hni.'i^ytm., whofe Trade Kiiifilh 111 l\-l- tus^t; •, (W.)cf//f in Pitch. Tav and Uoi'm ^ .s'.i//v/ m Uifi'-, and C,if,e-Mtiy County in WlialeBone and Oil. Tlic Capital i own is A«Wi«yo//, wIktc tlie Ciiuvt-iarc kiot, contains about 200 Kamiiu;., t!ic lliiiliisof IJruk, and ilie iVarkct plintirully fupplv'd witli all I'rovirioni. Notliiiu', m<;ro p.iriicular need be added con- cernii'f, tlie Su;l..i,d i'li:nate, which ;;re inucli like the oihtr Koi^il'.honrii^ I'arts we have treated oh The Trade lure rneiutv'n'd in ipi\,kiin', of I/Vj.'- y.'>Jry is ciiniir.on u> huih, befidc \\huh, they alio Expurt liifticieiit ( i^iHntitits of I'rovifions. In A\ Ncw-'Jrfcv tliei !■ ai c Icarcv .100 Natives kft of all that inlialued lo great a Trad of Laud. I'eniV.vania. The next Province to Nc\t-Jerfiy , is divided from it on il.e I'.ali by Vetawiire River and liay ■, Northward it extends towards the Ifuqiuns In- dians, or Nt'.x-hti'i.t ^ on the \\<A of it are Ibll Brick, I or ^ Stories iiii^h, will, man, VV,irchuul> lindlom Court- 1 IV o Fair* are s iiittii, will, the River-, II 1^1/11. u fcirelaicl the fame hcijunis Natives, and Part of i' and on the Soii:Ii Aiar^iir^d., and the afn J>fl,i:r.iu Bay. The 1 en;;thofit North and Soiuh fniiTi I'cfi.'hnx, ^ on the Kivcr DeltWiVe to Cape JJoiilipc, i't tlie Mouth (f Dil.nure Bav, beiuj^ A^ lit 1:0 .NJiks, whiTcofaliour 50 are but a very II ^i row sr.P of t ai^d, between Ai.^ yUnd and the E.iv, no uiu're above 10, or 12 Miles over. This is tl c I vTf^th \ve find moll agreeable to all Maps, ant! in ri .ility the Truth of it :, for tlio' Cihrifl ■J '.oi,...! in his Ai count extends ir to 300, and the liijtorv i>f tlu- 7^//Vi>/ Empire to 330 Miles, tiiat is ai. iirai-'jnary, fuppofini^ fomuch may be con- <|Uiv'd or peopled, for the fame Hiilory fays the Extci t is from the Beginning of the 40:li Degree to the 43d Digret of Laiitude ., fo that lliould we iiirUideall the 43d Degree, it would be but 3 De- grees in all, whicii ran make no more tlian 180 Miles •, but we have rather , according to their own Accounts allow'd it from the End of 39 where Cape K-ntopt is, U> the Beginning of 42 where the Falls oi' Iltl.m are R-.ver are, beina two whole De- grees, and making, as was faid before, 120 Miles, The Bieadth from haft to Welt the firll Author ahovtmention'd makes 180 and the latter 200 Miles, which mult be underflood in the fame Man- ner a> has been faid of their great Length, rather what they would liave it, th..n what it is. The whole Province 's divided into fix Coun- ties. I. That vf JiitckinRhnn ■, where the firft Town, call'd Fals Torvnji'tp, has only 20 or 30 Houies, and then Br:jtol the Capital of 50 Houfes; 2. Ph.i.idclphi.^ , in wh.th is the Capital of the whole ProviPCi., bearing the lame Name, anddig- nil\'d witli tile Title of a Citv, feated between two NavL^aMii Rivers , the DeUnxnc and the Schi/clk.l. l he .1 ioules being about 1200, built of lloufe, and under it a Prif kept Iiei-t even. Year, and t\v...M ikets a X^ eek. It IS inh.hitcd Iw People of fevtr.il PniKip;i< •, fo tliere is a ("hurch for fudi ai are bred 10 it, and M ■tting-l!i ufes for Qjakus, Presbx tt 1 lan*, Analiaptifls, ;'■ alll) a Srcijl) CInrcii. T!ie Af- feiiibl'.es and CVurtsof fudicatuie are held here, and there is a Key 2iX) foot fquaie, clofc to whidi a Sliip of 5C0 Tun may be. Next to Phi.'jdrlphiu, tlie fcrt Town is Ciiriiutn 7'-n», of about 200 lloullb. Over tile River Siljoolkll is the ll'dp I'l.mt.iiion of 400CO Acres. The third County is call'd Cheflcr ^ whofe Ca- pital (if the fame Name contains not above 100 I lollies •, and befides tiiat there is Chuhe/hr of the like Number of Inhabitants. 4. AVir-Ci/?/rCoun ty, wliole C^apital bears the fame Name, a.dcon- tanis above 2CCO Souls. 5. Kent, wliofc chief Town IJovei- lias not above 30 or 40 Hoiileiw 6. Siiffrx. where the principal Place is call'd Lewis, reckonecl a good Town, as Towns go in thole I'arts. T!ie 4;rcat Rivers licre are, the Delavr:t> eon the F.alMide, delcendiiig from the Country of the />»- 1110:', .11, d filling into tile Bay nf tiic fame Name, and tile .s./Zv"*''.^"'''-:'^ eoming out of the fame In land Country, and rinuiin!', almol\ Parallel to the Ddmiiire till it tails intu O'ljipeah !' ty. Tlie Schoolk before ineiUioii'd walbing ore fide i(t the City riiilidc'plna is iinall, and lolisits felf in the As tot . Climate, this Country lies eiiual witli theSoutli 1 artof /-'(.i/Kf and /m/j, wliichit lome- what rtfeipt^les, tiie Air being Serene, Pleafant and wlioll'i.ine, but colder in Winter ami liotter in Suminer. .\nd for an Inftance of the Cold, liie great River DrLuvme, whiili is near two Miles broad at l^hil.iJilpbui , has been quite frozen up. The Sammer here would be intolerable were it not moderated by cool Bree7.es. The Soil in fo large a TratT may be imagin'd to vary, ft)me good and Ibiiie bad. The Pro.luft differs little fiom the Neighbouring Provinces al- ready mention d, fur iiere are molt Trees wliidt Engl.wd alfords ■, and befides them. Cedar, Safia- frasand Clieiiuif, and for Shrubs Sumrtck, Snake- root, Safi'aparilla, Calamus Aroinaticiis, Jalap and Cranberries. I lere is alii> Plenty of Oram ot eve- ry Kind, and all polllble \ anety oi Fruit ^ nor is tliere lei's Diverfity of Animals, as Tame Cattle and all tiic Wild Bealls, wliole Flelli, Skins or Furs are of any \'alue , but all thefe lafl lie up the Country, and cannot properly be faid to be in Peiijylvania. Fi(h and Plants need not be men- tioii'd, it being well known that all thefe Coalls afibrd the grea:eft Variety that can be imagin'd. The Natives are handlom, and would have good Complexions, did they not fpoil them, ashas been laid of their Neighbours, by anointing theuifelves with Bear's Fat,and other filthy Iii^redieiits.They walh their Children, as foon as born, and carry thtin on their Backs ty'd faft to a Board. The Boys firll fill), and when big enough hunt ;, the Girls plant Corn , and carry Burdens as their Mothers do. Their Houfes are Huts , made of Mat, or Bark ;, their Food, Indian Wheat, Beans, Peale, Flelli and Filb. No People are merrier, for half their life is Fcalling and Dancing, and they are generous and free ot what they have, as co- veting nothing. The fame Apparel they wear liviiiii. ■« I ■ I !■ ifi 441 MJRTXAN'D, VIRGINIA m m living, they arc huried in when dead, and the Kindred throw Tome ^vahiahk things into tlicir Oi-^ives. As for their Reliji.io;!', they believe a Trod, and the fmmortalitv <.f the Soul, and pay their Worfliipwith Sacrifices and Singina. Their Government is Kingly and Hereditary, nut the Fitigs or Sovereigns have very fir.all Domini- ons. With the In^liflj they have always been (^riendly ard conrteous, To that there has never been any War between tliem. T!ie prt-rmt Inliahitants F.nj^lifl/, Dutch, and S'l^e/les^ are reckon'd to bj above zcoco, who drive a confiderablc Trade to all the otlier A- >»;i:ca,i plantations on the Continent, as well as tn tlie Idands, and to Fnc,litnd. The Com- modities they export arc Horfes , Pipe ftaves, Beef, S'ork, Bread, ^4cal, all forts of Grain , Skins, Furs, Pot-Afiicj, Wax, and Tabaco, In return for wliich they lerciveKum, Sugar, Mo- talTes, Silver, Slaves, Salt, VV'nie, Linen, all fortii of VVcaving Apparel and Houlliold itufT, &c. Mary-Liind On the North reaches up to 40 Degrees la- titude, where a Line drawn from Eift to Weft divides it from Per/Jyluwit, and the Inland /»- diM Country ^ on the Weft P.ttowmeck River parts it '".om t^irginut •, as does the fame River and Pocom:ick Bay on the South •, Pocomack Ri- ver fevers it from the reft of (^ir^inia on the EaiL and the remaining Eaftern Part liesalon^ the Ocean. For the better underftanding where- of, it is to be obferv'd, that the great Bay of Chefapeak divides both Jli.iryl.in/i cUid l^ir^ini.i into two Parts, each of them' from North to South, one Part of earh lying on tlie Eall fide of the faid Bay, and the other on the Wert. This Province, like the reft, is divided into Countie"-, whereof there arc 11, 6 on the Weft, and 5 on the Fail o( Curf ipcik Ba^\ The moft Northern on the Weft rommencing at 40 De- forces Latitude , as lias been laid, is cali'd Bal- timore County, reaching as far as ^.j.>/'s Creek Southward, \vhence only lome Icattering Trees to tlic Weftward lliew its Extent and Limits^ and in it nothing that can properly be cali'd a Town, tho' that Name is given to a parcel of f.aiter'd HoulVs. The next is A>m A' imdcl County, not much better funnlli'd with Towns, here heinc; only one callVl Ann.ipol'u, conlifting of 40 1 knifes, and a Kree-School, and here the Courts of Judicature are htld. Then follows Cilvctt County, lying along the Eaft lide of the River P.iiiixast. Oil the Weft of the faid Ri- ver Prince Cieorge'f, County. South of this, Cotirtes County, and again Snutli of this S. M.iry\ where is a Place bearing the fame Name witli the Title of a City, yet contains not above 60 Honfes. Pafting iience over Chcjaptak Bay, the firrt we come ^iKSmneyjit County, then Dor- chejin\ wliere there are more Indians than in a- nyof theothei":, but the cliief Place of the lame Name wiih the County, lias not above 10 Hou- it's. Pr'Hecding llill Northward, the next is TMttt County , then Kent, running out into Cbeji'peak t5ay, and laftlv CecU, the moft Nor- thern County on the Eaft. Tlie Air, Soil, ProdufV, and Animals here are tiic lame as in ^.c^;»/rf, where the Reader may find them •- but the abundance of Brooks and Ri- vers makes the Ground exceeding fertile , and for the Natives, we muft refer to the fame Placf, fince there is no remarkable difference botwe-n them, only it is here obfervable, that of tliol'e People there arc not at prefent tluMinjit to h ■ 5CO Men able to bear Arms remaining. Moft of thefe live upon the Eailern Shon- ni two or three little Towns, but go over in Winter to hunt Deer,- which is their only Deli-.,hr, being very averfe to the Europeans wx^ o( l.ving and Chriftianity. The wholeConntry was like one contiruedWoad when the Engulh came into it, and is now no otherwife any farther than they have clear'j, which is very much. The main Trade here is Tabaco, foftrong that few fw^/z/Zi c.ire to fmoke it, and yet it turns to better Account than the fweet (ceiited of yirfjnia, being moft efteem'd in the North Eaft_ Parts of £«r(j;;e , wliitlicr vail Qiiantities are Cent, and it proves io advant.ige- ous, that it encourap.es the Inliabitants to en- creafe their Plantations, which arc now fo much improv'd that here is more Tabaco thougiit to grow th.in in f^ir^i'iii, tho' it be a later Plan'a- tion. M )ft of the Country is plain, and what Hilli ii.ere are, eafie of Afcent , fo that they afford a delightful ProfpeCl. Virginia On the North is bounded by Patowmeck R ivcr, which parts it from Maryland •, on the Eaft by the Ocean, on the South by a r'd^e of Hills dividing it from Carolina •, and on tne Weft the Apatathean Mountains part it from the Inland unconqiier'd Country, which may be reckon'd a Part of New-France, or Hen»e'iin\ Loihjlm.., as being no great diftance from t!ie Kikhvii lake of Flic. Thus this Country will in reality ap- pear to extend above soo Miles in leiigtli from North to South, ftretihing it themoft tliat may, and not 100 in Breadtli fro^n Eaft to Weft, ;i! lowing it to extend to tlie alorefaid Mount, liiie, the one half of wliich is not yet inliabiud hv any Fnflift\ And kft this llionld be tliout^lit a leffcning of the Countrv, it mulV be obferv'd that the Hiftory of the Piritilli Empire extend- ing it to 400 Miles, muft of neceliity citlier rim in deep into Carolina Southward, or into the Country of the Iroqnou Northward, as will ap. pear to any one that will take the Pains to exa- mine whatfoever Maps are extant of thof- Parts. But let It be never lomuch ftrerch'd this way, nothin.i^ can be paralleU'd to the extravagant Notion of extending /-0>^/«/'j Weftward to the South Sea, which is at leaft i^oo Miles acrols the Country, either through tlorida , or New- Fi-ame, and then athwart all New-Afexico, now aftually in the Poffeilion of ine Crown of .s)),!,,., and yet at the f«me time it is moft certain that the moft Inland Settlements come not near the Apalathenn Mountains, which as has been faid, are not above ico Miles from the Sea. Thus much may fuftice upon t'us Point toccn- vince the Reader that nothing is here deliver d but upon good Authority , without following blindly tiie Miftakes or willful Error, common in Books of this Nature. O'j^/ (^f./;t Biy, as was faid before in Ibeaking of Mary-lind, divjdei tliis Province as well a!> that ii;to two I'.at?. Now this might be more properly cali'd a 1\' ver thanabay, inu^.ud it runs up die Cuun- tiv ! and At'; The mail ill the Sou on which tl Weft to til ;ibove the 1 Tori River running So vcr ill lome diiiant i gc and fmalkr dhtns call the Fni'li/.'j try. 7, fame Cour longer, be 4. The P,! Ill length Miles over than any ings. Ri J I'^alcih iricri , AV, //,w/, Wilt I, i:oi<fiir, & i lie ii.u be lo far as liunlnh, liave taken (ore little Conceited liillitrto li,. heen \\.,i i' fij long iiv 7he('l„; draw Ptv| cevt,,iii ill,, ilie iiii.vi t.i try vei\ Uiit, .'.!1 tlie> iiia\, piercm^ \ arc the cau: FIRG INI ^. try about 200 Miles, bcitij; near ;o Miles ovet i\t tin.' M'-mtli, little Icfs in moll Parts within, and much more in many. It has ahold Coaltall alon^ on both fides, fo thiit any Ship may go in at all times founding, without the help of a Filnt. Many Rivers fall into it on both fides, and along the Shori's there are feveral little I- {lands, foine of which arc Planted. The whole Province is divided into 25 Coun- ties, in which tliere are but 49 Parifiies, a finall Number for fuch an Extent, and what is inure, no Place worthy being taken notice ot as a Town •, for tliat they call J.ima City has not ;:bove 70 Hoa!«, and thofe fcattering ; as for the New lown oi WiU'.an.lluiit, or [Villi iiihuiirg^ihix^ ;:re not 30 Honfcs in it , the Habitations be- ing fingle for the i'ake oi the Plantations. Of fuch there are great Numbers all along the Banks of the Rivers ilpccially , which is a Situation every one dclnes, for tlie convenience of lliip ping oH' their Tabaco. The Names of the Coun- ties, wiiicli is as much as need be (aid ot them m particular, arc Rt(.hhio)irl, Siitjford ,^E[le.v, MdiUjiy, GUciJler-, A',v,/;'j and Oiteen's County, King IViUiam's County, Ncn-kcnt, Eliz^aheth, li'artvickyTork^ j.i/i.cs^ P/nicc O'corg(\ andChnrlcs City Counties, /-/oiruo, Sicxy. Kle of Wii'lit^ ilSJarfernimci^ Piincefs jiinie, and Norfolk, IVc/t- Tn':ytM:/'-, Lmcjlvr, NurlbumberLvid, ylcio/zuik, and Kcrthai/.jiU.n. The main Rivers here, are, i. Jamts River, in the South, by the indians call'd PorvhMMi, on which tlie Intlip firft fettled, runs from the VVefl to tlie Eart, and is Navigable i.)0 Miles above the Mouth. 2. Northward of the lalt is 7ork River, coming from the Nortli Well, and running Soutli Eall, palfnig fo near 'Jjii.ei Ri- viT in loine i'iaccs,that they are not above 5 Miles oillant ■, gofd Ships may fail up it 60 Miles, ?nd Cmalkr Neflds 30 Miles higher. The In- dutm call it PiiiriKriky, a Name Itill given by tlic Ftielijb to a Branch ot it higlier in the Coun- try. ^ Ra^p.ihamioik River, which runs tlie fame Coui fe with the two former, but foincwhat longer, being alfo Navigable above ico Miles. 4. The Ptuoxvmeck far exceeds them all, both 111 length of Courle, and breadth, being fome Miles over in (everal Places, Navigable higher than any of the i.iIilis, and vir\ lull ot W nid- ings. Rivers of lels Note there arc many, as i t'^ishah Ri>'' r, A',i>.Ji,„iii:d, Ci'uk ihuii:o>iy, Po- irur, Nu.tb River, /.J/iVr ,■;;•./' River, C«>-(7fl- ii.r.ri, M7t(Vi. c/;.(U', /'oiofmikc, C'.,j/t;/,j/i,(c, Pirn- iptifiic, ^c. 01 tlie Aji.ilachc.tu A'ountaius lit- tle c.ii be f.iid , lilt ihul'e who li.ivf ventur'd (o far as to lee li tu , tell us iliey are d a vail iiugliih, and iiu ll ilirlauU ,\lceni, butverv tew havt taken tie I'.iii.:. to I ravel over, and there- fore little is known, -iciine, it is true, h.ive Conceited there are niii'lity Mines in them, which Imherto h..-. apptar'vl a inccr Notion, for had they been \\>.iih tlie hKikuig alter thc^ had not lam fj long iiegki-'lcd. Thet'lmiaie is much commended, in order to draw People over, yet ilkie i> nothing more ctit.iiii ili.iii lint It IS exceliive hot, which, v.ith the iin»\ 1 tainrx ol tlie V^ lather, make-, the Coun- trv ver\ unh.aUh^ \ for thelle.it being fo vio- lent, all Men naturallv W<k to be as frclh as they nu\,, .1111 i n a u'cldin there n'.c luili Iharp, piercing \\i;kU as llcike iliem through, and lire the caufe \>f maiiv Dille.npers •, not to fpeak H? of tlic du:igerof dnnk'n,; too hot, ortoocool- \\\g liquors. Betides, there is a continual Plague of all torts of Iiilefti, as Cnats, Puiiaifes, and other N'ennin ■, and for the 'arger fort, the Rattle-Snake, whoiebite is Mortal without i;n- mediate Cure. Tlie Winter is no lefs troublefoine than the Summer, conliltmg either of molt vio- lent Cold, or Moods of Rain. The Soil IS generally good, the bcfl Plains near the Mouths of Rivers , producing Kice» Hemp, M\<\ Indian Wheat ^ the upper Country yeilds all f rts of EufepeM Trees , befu ;s lomc others of the .Americ:;>t Kind. They tell usof Iron, Lead, nay of Silver Mines, butthefe may very well be look'd upon as Notions till they produce the Metals. Nijr is any more account to be made of their \ines,which tho' at- tempted by teveral, could never be brought to Perledlioii. Their bed Trees are the Oak, Ce- dar, Cyprefs, Fir, Walnut, andAtlii befides the Satlalras , and Fruit Trees. f'ut of^all the Growth, nothing comes near the Tabacco for Protit, and being to well known in Ln,\l.t)id iifdc no Defcnptioii. The manner of lowing it is in Beds, wliere it continues ;i Month conllantly Weeded, and is then iranl- planted, after which there mull be continual care to prune, top , and take otf the bottom Leaves, as alio to clear them of Worms. When ripe, which appears by the Leaves turning brown- illi, the Plants are cut, hikI after fweating m Heaps, every Plant is hunij up m thcTabacco- Houfe for a Month or live Weeks, then taken down ag«in in moilt Weather and Iweated, then fhipp'd and liirted. Tiie top Leaves being uie helf, and the loweft the wurll, and lull I y it is put up ill Hcglheads. H^.uls in l^i'gitiij are as varioi;. as the Pro- dud of the Earth, tor there is plenty of Euro- piM Cattel, fiiice tiill cirrs'd over by the Eng- li/J-^ and great luiiiibers of ilorlos ; the wild Beafls are Deer, h!lks. Bears, Wolves, Foxes, Otters, and Beavers, as alio Lions, and I ec pards. I he Ihange ones, uiiknuwn to us, are the ilying Squirrel, lo calT'l, becaule it has a Helliy tub fiance like Wings, which it extends, and by the help of it skips trom Free to Tree, tho" they be 20 or ;o Yards dillant. The Up.Qnm has.i Head like a Hog, and the Tail like a Rat. beins; about the bigiieis of a Cat. The Female lias .i Bag under its Belly, in which it carries its Young, and thither they tty in cale of Danger. The AliilJ-jLiri is a lort uf Water-Ratj to call'd be- canli: it linells of Musk. Belidcs thele there arc buttaloes, wild Boar?, infinite numbers of com- mon Rats and Mice , tome i'olecats and Wce- /els, anJ >>buiidaiice of Hares and Rabbits. Fowl ..-iC IK) leU pleiititul and variou- , ,uk\ not to trouble the Iveader, they have all that P.npJ . j/ alfords, befide> other lorts over and a- howe, among which the Humming Bird is remark- able far Si/e and Beauty, being luace half ii» big as a Wren, and doatli'd m molt lovely Scar- let, t-jreeiiand Cjokl. Then for 'Miing, there a; v wild lurkeys much bigger thanouis, whieliwe iiiav luppole are large Bollards. It would be tiKilef. t ) enumerate their Fillies, and witliouc following tlkir Roni.iiuuk Fahles, luj Place 111 the World alfords more \a;ut\, or greater I'leiity. Money is here fo lean:', t!;at rich Men cju fcarce gel enough to pay tiieir LrAvelliiiji L.li.ii- »e»v %r: iht If Miil ;:»* ' >ilU 1 i' t .'HI m 14.4. VIKGINIA. CAROLINA $ im gcs •, but a\\ Tilts of Coins \x\'' , mid it is a nappincfs to get any. 'I'h^' kiu)\v;i N'arieties arc Sp.inifl) Dohlooii;, riil>.'es, and Pieces of '■ Gold,Clie- Caroliiu. The next and laft EngUfi Province to the South- ward, on tl'e Continent, is reckon'd t.> lie be- tween ;i ard -,6 Dei^rees of North Latitude, ;nid mav he about 250 Miles in Length, theHreiultli at utmoft fcarce an Hundred , not to fpeak of the extravauant Notion of extending it to the South Sea, athwart all FloriJ.i, and the SpMfij New .'1/fv/fo before fpoken of in f':>fiinia. On the North it Borders on rhfini.t, on the F.all of it is the C\-ean •, on tlie South it jo:ti> to the Sp.mHh Floriil.i, and on the Weft to that part o| finite- the lame Country, which is yet uncoiujuer'd, and little known. TliC whole Countrv 's divided into North and So'.ith Caynllna, and t'.iofe two into fix Coiui ties, two i!i the North, vi/.. All<cm:irle and CL- yeml.vi •, and four in the South, wliirh are Cr.ivcn Bcrkhy, Ctill'.ton, and Citrcnt, Aibcm.it le Coun- ty is the inoft Nortlierlv, joininc to riiyjiii.i^ water'd by .'llbcw.irlc River, whicli is made up of tW(j, tlie Nor itokc and Xti'ow i\: Next t>) it is the r,iiit<i!,i>e, and then llic NeiJ'i, but there is no To\sMi i\) tliis County ih.it deferves t!ie Name. The next i;. CI tfoidori County, vvhofj firll Kivcr is rall'd (tiyoitlfn, orCipe Fe i> \\\- ver, the firft Name from a I'roprietor, tlie Lit- ter from th.e Promontory fo caM'd, at t!ie M luth ot it, and this delirends from two Hranclie-i. Thgi fallows It'.iteycye River, cap;ible o( larj^e Ships, Hetween thcfe two is tlie little River W'iinoii^ on which is a Settlen\ciit rall'd Ch.irtes Town. 5.v,fi' River parts Nort!i and Soutli C',«o/,>/>, and tlie fiid County in the l.itter is that of Oaten, tolerably inhabited by F.tifjijh and French, tlie latter whereof have a Settlement on S.wte Ri- ver, a> Iiave the Z-',v.'',<'.' ontlie n^xt, call'd .VfiPff. Ikikliy County is next, the Soutli I'art whereoi is only inhabited 'on^ tlie two River., C'u/ifr ■M\fl yjhity. Between tliem is the Capital of the Ciuntry 0';.!r/f,( Town, in about 31 fje^rees and 40 Minutes 1 :ititnde , and 2 leai;aes fro;n the Sea. It is fortify 'd with fix Baftions, and I ires quite round , and hither all t!ie Trade of the Countv is bronj;!it, yet no Ship of above 200 Tun Can cone into the Ilirbour. There are 14 or i> !;oixl lloufcs, and as many others as make up lome Streets. Here is alfo a Clnirch and a pnblick Librai y , befides the Church a Presbyterian Mcetin,i;-Houfe, another of Aii.i- b.iptilb, and a third of Qiiakers, asalfoa f'fw/i Church, and the whole Number of the Inhabi- tants is about .•'.50 iamilies. The (jovernour ..., , refides here, as do tlie Courts of Judicature. On as to tiieir Number they are ihou^ibt to be the Southern Edge of th's County is another Eight at the coTimon rale^ ■, ...,, quins at lO j. Fanch Crowns at 5 s. Dutch Dollars at 4 s. and all Eiii^Lflj Coin as in F'^ng- Imd. The whole Trade of y^ginia is Ta- barco. The mighty numerous Nations of /;/i^/.wj which Inhibited this Urge Country, aie now reduc'd to about 5C0 Men, wlicreas \v!ien the F.njilh liill Planted, one of the many liutim Kings w.'.s a- blc to bring 2ccco Men into the iield, and vet we exciiim that others have unpeopled Qjun- tries, without oblerving that tliey have infinite- ly greater Numbers '.f hidtw Subverts in much fmnller r'<'vinces. This little Handful whicIi re- mains, Aiil follows ilie Religion of their forcta- thers, wliich llicws what Care has been taken of their Converfion. Thefc People always had , and ibll retain tlie Notion of a Sovereign Dei- ty, vet as our Ueifis do, i:elieving tliat hedoes not C'tnrern liimlelf with Worldly Alfan's, but len.ves lu entirely to our own Difpol'al, and tliere- fore eypei'fs no Worlliip from us, nor heeds it if paid. But they believe tliere is awi(kedSpi r:t whoa!\va')S watches to do harm to Man, and therefore they ule all podible means to pleal'e and appeafe him. 'Ih.y honour their PriLJls, w!io are great Con;urers, and reputed toper- form extraordinary things among iheui by that /irt. Thefe Pnelh t'pe;>k of a Heaven and Hell after tlieir Way, are bloody in their Sacrifices, and lomctiuies oiFer up Children to the Devil. They have a ('ulloin of llnittiiig up their Youth, as it were 111 a Cage, and intoMcaiing them with poilonous Roots, till iliey are 111 a manner di- Ihaeied, when they take them out and cure them, .iiid they lay they forget ail their palfc live:, and then are reckon'd Ijentlemen. Ma- trimonv ihey oblerve Iveligioully and reckon /\dul!eiy ■'II uniiaidoiiable Criuie. Their Cloatiis Cinil'ilt in a Ma".tlc-, and un- der it aCluthrcjund tlie:r VV.ifte, both ot tlu'in ty'd with a Cjirdle. Iheir food is all lortsof l-illi, Fowl, and C;attle hoil'daiid ro.ilied , they alio cat Snakes, and In.iiu. Corn ileepd, bruis'd in a .Mortar, and then boil'd. They exprels their Irieiidiliip to Strangers by finoaknig round in a I'ipe-, which if rcfusd, it is a Declaration of W.ii. \'l their VWalth confills in Furs, a:id siiell-. Their (.lovernincnt is Monarchical, and. they ave zealous 1:1 prelerving tlic SucceUi- 011 in the ligiit I nie. The piefent Inhabitants being under an /-.v^- //'//' ( jrovci'iiinent, much need not be laid ot them. "r'v ..- - -, • -o- - •- 70CO? SouU, a great Number, it triie, yet lit tL e lougli for to much j andjbut thele muft not be thong'.: to be all F.uIiJ/j, tor th.ere are many I'iioi'ii.uid Blacks, belides a conllderable number of />.'..('; gone i>vet of late Years. The moll: u- fu.d Ditleuipevs are Colds, proceeding from the inicataiiUy of the Weatlier, as alio tiripes and Lliixes, l!-)Wiiig much froiii die lame Caule, oro- veiuiiuli eatiiig of IruiC', the lial'oning being J lort c>f lever New cnmcrsare lulijeit 10 j and the I r.ri, wliicli lome reprelent as a lugh scur- vy, but others rattier look iij>on as a bp^cies of the I'ox. The CioverniHent is by a Oovcriio ir, '"oinuil, and general .Mlembly ) tliulaft i>uf tlie Natufsof a Patliameiit. Town call'd Dorc',>r/lcr ^ loiitaining about 350 Souls, on the River Sun , and in it an Ind;- pendeiit Meeting-tloufe. CoIHioh County folluWa to the Southward, the two chief Rivers where- of are North Fdjhrr, and South Fil.jl.in-, along whole Banks there are leveral Plantativins, a:id fmne Indi.m Towns ab-.iut the Country, .^bove tlie meeting ol llie two Fd ilows is a Town ot about Ho lioul'es, by Tome call'o Wilton, by o- thers AVii l.ondju. Cuieret is tlie lall Coiinty, not vet inhabited, tho' reckon d the betl I'ari of all the Province. T!!C Air here is Healtliy, beini» always fercne, plealant aiKl temperate, never liib.d to exceliivc ile.ii or Cc'ld, nor lu luddch Cliar.^es. Th: U intei Winter is Ways cool'i rurally feri tinui! TeiT green all Filli, are i for Timbe common P v.Iiat will .'^arlaparllki in tlie Woo lome Oil ci Its prill Corn, Pea Hoops, C( Tar. The the Iflands, fo talk mud having as be fa id of ii The Nati foine, of go ed to Hunt and being ir ligioii and C tiLitis, and 1 they are lik tlicr they le tend, or hac putiiig, tho America tlia ropeans came Britijh Empi Chriftianity turn to the ry unaccount verfion of In the Rritijb I mains to acq faid of them Authors, whi bv Foreignei by I' of al all the pt Plantations reft down t the neweft, in the Catal every occa(l< terfcring to< that we have recciv'd fronn liv'd in tho IS, to (hew (uveries and It is iieec tunih, or ^'f tins Trad iiiHigh to al V\orld know "g AmciUii, iyllow their pofl'cls'd of law them tirl that brought tiles into /;,; and Caotain Imall Ships 1 />'<.i.'r/t;^; in I cam; to was In I.. > where- MI'S ii^id .)',vn o! ■;, by " ".juiity, ptll I'.iti "BRITISH T>0M1NI0NS. 24.5 Winter is regii1;r and diort, and tfieSummfr al- ways cool'd witii frefli Breezes. The Soil is na- nirally fertile, und eafie to manure, and the con- tniu i! TemiH-rattire makes the Trees and Fields )>reen all the Year. The Btafls, Birds , and Villi, are much the fame as in FiV^ /«/</, and lb f(ir Timber und Fruit-Tree?, Plants, and other common I'rudufI-. £//>i;p^ produces nothing bu! what will grow here, either as to Grain or Fruit. Sarlaparilla, Cafiia,or other Ibrts of Trees grow in the Wtxids, v't^'ding Gums and Rozin, usalfo fome Oil excellent for curing of Wounds. Its principal Commodities are Beef, Pork, Corn, I'eafc, Hutter, Tallow, Hides, Pipe-ftaves, Hoops, Cotton, Silk, Rice, Skins, Pitch and Tar. The Proviltons t.',encrally tranfported to thelflands, the latter Ibrt to £»/',/.'W. Theyal- fo tAlk muchof K/wfy-ji'i./.i, but no Wine of theirs having as v^^t appear'd abroad, no more need be laid of it. The Nntivcs arc generally well made, hand- fi>me, of good natural Parts, and much addift- cd 10 Hunting-, their Skini tawny with Oiling and being much expob'd to the Sun. Their Re- ligion and Cuftoms differ little from the rirgi- ni.ms, and therelore need not be repeated, and they are like them given to drinking, but whe- ther they learn'd it of the tuglifli , as fome pre- tend, or had it of their own, is not worth dil- putiiig, tho it be known, that in moft Parts of Aiiieri(.,t that Vice was common before any F.u- ropeans came among them. The I!:i1ory of the Britiflj Empire fays, the converting of them to Chriftianity is put off, for fear they rtiould re- turn to the Ohedknce of the Sp.wiards \ a ve- ry unaccountable Argument to obftruft tne Con- verfion of Infidels. Having thus run through all the Britif/j Dominions en the Continent, it re- mains to acquaint the Reader, that what is here faid of them has been colledkd from the bell Authors, who have treated of them, for to pafs by Foreigners, we have extra£\ed the kibihnce of all the publick Accounts of Difcoveries and Plantations in Kirglnut^ New-E-vglmiri, and the rcll down to Cvrutiua^ ftill keeping clofell to the neweft, the Particulars wliereof may be feen in the Catalogue, omitting to quote them upon every cKcafion for Brevity fake, they often in- terfering too much one wi.h another-, bclides that we have feveral Additions and Amendments receiv'd from Perlons of Reputation, who have liv'd in thofe Parts. The next thing requifitej IS, to (hew with our uliial Brevity the firll Dil- (uveries and Settlement made ui each of them. Hiflorical Aaoutit, It 1^ needkfs to argue whetlier the £«^//j*, tumhy or Sp.iiiiirib were the firll Uifcoverers of tills Trarf of land, each Nation having e- inHik;h toalledg in itsi.iwn behalf, but all the V\()rld knows th..i the SpM/i.trUs firft difcover- "g Amoku, gave enceuragement for others to iullow their b.xamiile , and the tngliflt being poflcf'/d of thefe Lands , 'tis no matter wlio i.iw iJKin firfl. To come to the Point, the firll that broiigiit any good Account of ihefe Coun- liK's iiiio Itiglivni were Captain PbUip Amnias^ .md Cantaiii Arihiir /l.tilow, fitted out in two iinall Ships ly the Procurement of Sir U'Mier l<i.\'rit!,h in the Year 15K}. The firll laiidthev cam.' to was liwiskcy and Landed ui aCouur.y call'd IVinptindacta, between T'lrgitiia and Cho- linit^ where they traded for Furs, SalTafras, Ce- dar, and fome Pearl, with which they return d liome, and giving a good Account of the Coun- try, Queen Elizabeth gave it tlic Name of P'/V- ginia, wliich Name was extended to the whole Continent, now poflefs'd bv Eng'md , till par- ticular Grants of feveral Parts made a change of the Names of thole Parts, Their Succefs en- courag'd the Adventurers to fit out feveii Ships under Sir Richard Greenville, who arriving at Koenoke Uland in 36 Degrees of North Latitude, in the Year 1585, after Trading with the Na- tives, left 108 Men on the faid llland under Captain Lane, and return'd to Engla/iJ. Thefc Men not being fupplv'd from England, as was promis'd, were reduc'd to the utmoft Want, and Sir Francis Drake happening to com.e that way, he brought away as many of them as were left alive. Sir Richard Greenville return'd to Rocnoke after the Men were gone, and again left 50 more there, with Promifes to return to their Relief •, but they were all deftroy'd before it came, which was in 1 587, under Captain White, who a third time fettled there, and after a while leaving 115 Men m the Place, (et fail far England to fetch Supplies, which he brought in 1589, but the Men he left being remov'd, and a fudden Storm difperfnig his Ships, they all made the beft of their way home, and none wa* fent for 16 Years to look after tholie Men, fo that what became of them was never known. The next that went out was Captain Go/hold in 1602, who fell in about Ma(fachii]l'tt Bay, 111 42 Degrees Latitude, and thence fail'dtoCvpc Cod, on the Coall: of New- EfigUnd , where he Traded and return'd home. After him feveral Ships let out, and traded along that Coall very peaceably , till the Englifo wronging the igno- rant Natives, gave occafion to the many Slaugh- ters that enfued. In 1O06, a Cliarter of Incor- porat' m and Donation of thefe Countries being grail : by King Jantes to the Adventurers there- ni nail, d, they lent Captain Nnvport with 2 Ships, whoercfled a Fort at the Mouth of Powhatan River, left kx) Men tlieve with all NecelTaries for their Support, • iiich was the firll Colony that took ttfcft-, Captain Smith was ^ b fent,, by the fame Company, whom fome w.n have to be the Settler of the firll Colony . but that we leave to others to argue , anc) proceed to what is known, which I's, that 5/w/*/^ having tlie management of Affairs, ! iiilt a Fort on the South Cape at the Moutli .f Clief.ipeak Bayj call'd Powhatan James River, in honour of tlie King, the Northern Cape Charles, and the Southern Cipe Henry, from the King's two Sons. Next they pitch'd upon a Place 50 Miles up the River, where they ouilt that they talld James-Tawn. Here they gatherd a v.id (uantity of yellow Sand, with which they li 'ieil aShip, and lent itiuxne, imagining it hatl been all Gold, but found it to be inecr Dirt. Coiillant Sup- plies coming from England, the new Colony at jamcs-Town was enabled to lend out two otlicrs of 120 Men each, and continued Hill 500 (Irong, who not lonji after were tlirough Want, and their Wars with the Natives , reduc'd to 60, when fome other Ships arriving , they relblv'U to quit the Plantation, and were all according- ly gut onFoaiil when the Lord Vclanareami With three other Ships as Governwur, and pre- M III 111 v.tii'U I il ■^m '■ H 4 ■i;ll= r- 111 I V'l' 1^6 BRITISH DOMINIONS. a! I I v;iU'd with them to return to James'7(ra!», where thw'y fettled iie,ain. Sir Thomas Dale being Go- vcniour in 1611, ftretch'dout and made a Sct- tlemtiit, which is from him call'd Dale's Gift. Thus they continued to increafe till the Year :62i, when a Captain belonging to the Indian Monardi Oppecancmonih being murder'd or kill'd by the Enfliflj, the faid Prince in revenge form'd a Confplracv with all the neighbouring Natives, ai.d on a fudden cut otF 334 Men , Women, and Children of the EngUfl), who had fir'd much worfe but that an Indi.m difcover'd the IJefign to them a few Hours before it was put in Exe- cution. Thisput an end to all Improvements at that time, and foenrag'd the £«A'//y/', that they never gave over till they had utterly dclhoy'd all the Natives, fo that there are now fcarce 500 Men left of thofe Multitudes they found there, trom t!iat time the Power of the Planters in- creafuij?;, and the Natives diminillung, all things have goue on more furcefsfullv , till tlie Pro- vince IS brouglit into the Condition that has been Ihewji in its Place. N'tiv-EiigLmti, which was calVd South Ftr^ini^t^ afrer Captain Oo/wnW above-mention 'd, had Tra- ded on tlie Coall, and I'everal Settlements enc'ea- vour'd in vain, was for fome Years reforted to by Ships from Ein'J.wd with gooil Succefs, for Furs and other Commodities, and had the Name of N,.'w-E>ifilMid given to it in the Year 1614, by the Colony of North Tirgniij^ who for lome Years carried on a piotitable Trade, tho' with- out thoughts of lettlingtill the Year 1020, when fome Independents firlt propos'd it, and Land- ing over againft Rhode Illand, built the Town or^AVii' /"/(/wflw/j in about 4:1 Degrees of North Latitude, where the tiril Governour who had been one of tlie Promoters of tlie Colony, was Mr. julinCir-jcr. Soon after, one Mr. iVeJlon difTenting from the rell of the Bretlircn , drew (uchas wereof his Opuiion after him, and (ti- tWA nWiymonth on .il.iij.tchujit'i Bay. A War ciifucd W'th the Native?, upon the new Planters at U'ly/iMiili uliiig them ill, wlio delhoy'd the ",rearer Number, and drove the rell out of the Country. Several other Colonies were from that time lent to divers P.irts, which 'tis needlefs to repeat, having nam'd them all m the Defcripti- 011. Id the Year i650,a new War brokeout wi;h t!ie Lidi.im ., call'd I'tq.iuts., N.irrag:mtjcts, and others about M.ilj ichnfets Bay, who were moll of them dellroy'd, others oblig'd to Hy larther up into the Country , and thole few that re- inain'd, to iUbinit. Having tiius opprel'^'il their Enemy abroad , they fell at \';'.riance among themltlves on preteixe of Religion, the then prevailing Humour, but llill the Colonies here iucreas'd, abundance of the Kepiiblitan Gang Hocking over, till tlv Rebelliim breaking out in Lii'4-''"^ thev f^ot all ttio Power in their own Hands, and then the AH. irsof the Brethren throve am;. in. lii the Year 1672, a new War broke out ivith the li/duws, which began in /Vv Month County, and thence by degrees Iprcad overall Ncvl.nt-Ji'/i^, lometimes one Party, and Ibmetiiiics the other prevailing , and both fu- ihiinnig great Lolles, but the Actions were not tiHilideiable enough to deferve any particular Mention. TliisV\ar lalled from 1672 till 1676, when great mi.nbersol the Natives having been cut oil, and many more iold for Slive-;, the linall remainUer lubinuted , and Peace eniued. lii 1688, the Jndi.in War commenc'd again, which was no more fuccefsful to them than the former, yet they held it on till the Peace of Eiirupc was concluded at Refwick. DtJring this time Sir William Phips., Governour of New-EngLud, un- dertook an Expedition asainft the French in C.t- nada, where he loft abundance of his Men, and came off with Difgrace, as may be feen in Lj Hontiin, who was then prefent. New-fork was firft cajl'd Nerv-NetherlMd! the Dutc'o having polfefsVl themfelves of it, ana fettled there, building the City of Ncw-Ai>ijh>- dam^ now New-Tork, and feveral Forts up the Country , but the firft Dutch War breaking out after the Reftoration, and King Ourles the 2d. having beftow'd that Country on his Brother the Duke of Torky Sir Robert C.tr was fent thi- ther with 3000 Men in the Year 1664, who eafily polTefs'd himfelf of the City of New-jimltcrd.im, and from his Royal Highiiels gave it and the Coun- trv tlie Name of Nen-fork. Many of the Dutc'i Iniiabitants remain'd there under the E/n^li/A (Jo- vernment, as do their Children to this Day, tht reft of the Country was ditlributed to /;>;<;////; Planters, amoiu', whom nothing rem.irkable lias happen'd fince ttut time. Nerv-'Jerfey was firll pofTefs'd by the Swedes, of all Ehrope.Ms, who built here three Town?, call'd Cijri/Hn.i, Elfinb^'g, and 6airemb:ir)^ , and extended their Plantations along riie River, but made not any great Advantage of the;u, which the piirch perceiving, who let llip no Oppor- tunity that may turn to their Benefit •, they cncroach'd fo far up.n them as to take PofTelli- on of all the Northern Part of the Country, which went by the Name of He,t\'ien. King C»i,let the 2d mlerted this Country in the ijrant a- bove-mention'd to his Brother of A'etv-Vurk, His Royal Highnels transferr'd his Grant to Jo',),! Lord Berkley, and Sir George Ctrtcrci the fame Year 1664, who divided the Country into two Parts, which are thofe now call'd E.i/r-'ferje), and iViJhJerjey. The Lord Berkley, and Sir George Cirteret'i Executors afterwards iliigii'd over their Shares to others, who procur d a Confirmation of their Patent from the Duke of Turk in 1682. Moft of the firft Inhabitants that went over from E/igl.wd were Quakers and Ana- baptiltb, and to this Day there are but two Church of Engl.ml Minifters in all that Coun- try, where there have not been any Aftions that merit the Reader's particular Oblcrvation. I'l/iJylvMii.i may well be reckon'd ftill a Part of the New-Netiierl.inds, as lying in a manner behind Nav-Jcrfey, and having nothing on the Sea but a Slip Along DeUrvare Biy, and the reft all Inland upon the Kivers IJeLmiMa and i///'/« ;■ h.Moiigh. Some few Engiijh had before It rag gled thither by the way of iVewJerj'ey , but u became not an ablolute Province of it fell, till the Year 1O8' , when WilUitm ^MjEfq-, obtam'd a Grant ol it irom King C,i tries the 2d, i.nd Iron his own Name call'd it l'enjylv,vu.t. The Swedts and Dutch iniubiting there, had before iiibmit- ted, and were under an En^Ljh Governour, he' ing ah.jut jooo Souls, but ihe Englijh very lew. Ill lObi Pen went over, and carried with hiin, or was immediately follow'd by 20do SouI>, moft of them Qiiakers, he being the Head ot thole People. As loin as thele People were a little little.!, they built good Houles, and the Cit\ l'h/il.i,telp'jia, winch tho' fo young, is one of the I'.i' HAviiig Don 11 rtnt and \'„Ui, (■•ft Part of .,-. •"we Ihail pi ^WbcguMii (. FLORID J, 24.7 Inlt in tlie Britipt Plantations, and indeed the u!io!o I'nivince l-as throve for the time more ili:in iiiiv otiitr, aiid is likely fo to d'", Ii.iving never Iiad any VV.ir ^\•i[Il the Nit'ves, nor any Dilhirhance amori}; the Planters. j1'/.i>)!a /Iw'i'i alwavs reckon'd aPartofr',)-- »:•>//? till ilieYear 16; 1, wlien King Chiles the liill made aCiranttjf it toOeor^c divert, Lovd H.i'tciiiore^ and t',ive ir the Name of M.iiyliud ill iMiK-'ur of hib Queen iJ'nrirtt.i Af.iria, fot'iat tlic firll dilioverv "f it may be (len under that Province. In the Year 1653, [.c.n.ird C.iht t, Efq-, IJrothir to the lord B.iltnnore, Jcrcn.y Hiivley, and T'honiM Cniir.v.ilHf, Elif, carry 'd o- ver the full Colony c*" about 200 Perfons,ftveral of them being ("jentlcnr Mi of good I'.'.milies, and Rom.in ratliolicks, who Iiop'tl they uiij^ht there enjoy Liberty of Civnloeiice, wliith was refus'd them in lvi;/}.i)ui. Comiiii^ to Vito-wmcck River, the (jovernoiir call'd tlie South Point of it i'. (ire^oyy'i , and the NvU'tll ^'. Michael's. Four- teen lc.i>;iies hence Mr. Cilncrt fetup HCro's, and took {'oniUion of the Country. Alter lail- itig feveral le.iguesup tliat j^reat River lie re- rurn'd to that he call'd .'>.("'(';_i;f'b, whidi iswitli- iii 4 Leagues of tlie Month of /•'.jr«H'/;,f(/(', where he prelentcd the Natives with Cloth , Axes, H.ics, and Knives, which ihev accepted fo kindly, that in return they refign'd him their Town, then call'd lo.-ii/huo, and by him 5. Afa- r/c, and both fides proinifnig to live friendly, and make Sati^faiHon to one another if any Injury were cfFej'd on cither fide, the (iover- iiour took Pofleliion, and the Natives remov'd. Being thus fettled, they fell to building of liou- fes and a Fort, which they loon finillied, not- withftanding lome of the firiiinian Planters en- deavour'd to render them odious to the Natives, From that time frclli Recruits of People Hock- ing over, the whole Country was Planted as it 's at prefent, by degrees, without any War or Controverly with the Natives. C.-imlina being the Northern Part of Floruit, it is necdlefs to contend about the firft Difco- vcrersof it, when all who have read any tiling of thole Parts, muft be fatisfied it was firft found by [John Pome tie l.cou, a Sp.nitMti, in the Year 1512, who took PolTeliion, as the Form then was and gave it the Name of I'iorid.i^ both on account of Its flourifliing condition, and becaufe he came upon it about I..ijhr, which the Sp.im- ards call I'.ijqii.i tloridii. After this other Sp.mi- ards made lome unfortunate Attempts to fettle there, which diicourag'd oihers from proceeding for fome time. Next the Fr.mh fettled there twice in Oirclmt , but were ftarv'd out the lirll: time, and the next exp-I' tlie Spant- <t.dt, from which time that Couiiny was never attempted by any Eio-ope^w Nation, till in the Year 166;?, King Chivies the 2d gave a Grant of it to Ednardf Earl of Cl.rendon. George, Duke of y}!he»:a le, W':l!iam Lord Cr.i-jv!.; Ivbri I orcl Berkley, yiiithony Lord ^4lhUy, S}t Oeorf^c Ctrtc- '■f', Sir iVilUitm Berkley, andSirJe/w Co!tito!i,md call'd it Carolina. The firft thing thel'e Proprie- tors did, was for the encouraging all forts of Perfons to go over to their Province, to grant entire Liberty of Confcience to all Religionsj not only Chriftians, but even Jervs, Heathens^ and others , only excepting that no Perfon Ihoulcl have any Protecfion of the Law who was nor a Member of fome Church or Profeflion. In the Year 1670, the firft Planters went over and brought the firft Plantations to Perfedlioii about yllbemarlc,\nd Port-Royal Rivers •, but more Peo- ple flock'd to AlMcy and CocperKi'icvs, which iS accordingly beft inhabited, on account of the conveniency of Pafture and Tillage. From that time conftant Supplies have been fent, till the Province is brought into the Condition already mention 'd in the Defcription. The Receotion of thel'e new Planters was peaceable, and tlie Indi- ans continued fo till provok'd by the Cruelties of thole People, they commeiic'd a "VVar in the Year 1680, which had like to have prov'd the Ruin (»f the Colony, however it had the good Fortune to prevail , and ever fince has gathcr'd Strength, But they hare been continually at vari- ance among themlelves, and no Endeavours that have been u^'d can ever let them right.In the Yeai: 1702, this Province undertook to make War on their Neighbours tbn Spaniard.', and accordingly drew together 600 ttigliji.; and as many Indi- ans, commanded by Colonel Moor, then Gover- nour. He did fome Harm in the open Coun- try, and laid Siege to S. Aiigitjimc'i, Fort for near three Months, at the end whereof feeing two Spanifli Ships making towards the Fort, he broke up in a Cmfternaiion, and march'd back to Cbartcs-Totvn in Carolina 300 Miles by Land, leaving his Ships and a great quantity o{^ Stores, Ammunition, and Provihon to the Enemy. Since that time the Province has continued full of Broils and Confulions, which muft needs much obftruft Its Advancement, and yet it has throve as much as any other for the time, as being the moft Southern, and conlequently the bell Land of any. "i^a CHAP. V. Of FLORIDA. [ Confult the Map of Mexico. ] Aviiig run throiji t\K French xnA J nglifl) Fn^liflj Plantations laft fpoken of. This great HUoniinions, we toine next in Courle to the >/' "..y/; , far exceeding them both in Ex- tent and \'<ilue, as containing not only the great- ell Part of Jiheriia, but tlie beft and wealtliiell, wwe lliall perceive by the Defcription of them. V\'c begin m Couric Witli Florida, as next to llie Piece of Continent , including CmoUna already mention'd with the Engljh Provinces, as being one of them, and yet a Member of this great Di- vifion, is feparated on the North from ISliie-Francs and I'^irpui.;, by the yipalachidn Mountains, on llii; Weft it Borders on the Kiiijidom of Neir- M m m a Altxice, :.v in 24-8 FLORID I \ Mexico, and Partof tlie Old, bi'in^;thi' I'r'ivirce o{ Nem-Bifiiiy\, on the South it has t!iiit ot P ■>- w'.'foaiid theGiilphi)f Alcxico, and on the Eall the Channel of Bahdmi and the Ocean. T!ie Bdhfimt lllands which lie off the Eaft Coaft at about 20 Lea:;ncs form a Ray winch our Sea- men call the r-olph of Flo-id.t. It is known to extend upon the Gwd, fri m 25 to 55 Decrees of North latituck", hut what Height to allot it up the lulajid is uncertain, that DUajvery not beini^ etperfefted, foas todetermine where to ft-t the imits of this Country and tliofc of Lnnifum. The Maps it is true do lav them down, but that is at Ple.iliire, as is praftis'd b', Time Geographers in other Parts they know nothuni; of, which is impofmg on thofe who feek for Infjriiiation. The Length of it from Eaft to Well is about 5C0 I eaj;uos. It is no lefs uncertain to pretend to divide tiiis Country into Provinces, for tho' it be known to contain feveral Nations, vet they heins', unson- quer'd, we cannot allign them any true Hounds :, for which reafon we fliall ccnteut our lelvcs with firll (peaking; of it in General, tiien defcrihru; the Coafts, and lallly, delivering fuch Account^ of tiie Inland, as we fliall find among thole wlio travell'd any Partof it. We may well obferveout of /yf/>f;M, tliat the Sp iiiiiii-clj, at full under the Name <>{ t'loiUi com- preliended all that niiglity TracV of 1 and which lies from the Cape of Wor/i/;, oppofite to Ci:li.i in 26 Degrees to 48 Degrees of North Latitude ; afcer which they again rellrain'd it to onlv tliat P.ut, wliich lies between the fiid Cape and the ytp.il.ichi.vt Mountains above r.iention'd, bat that extent above ahign'd is wliat all (jcograpliers at prefent aHow it. By the Situation already mention "J, it appears to lie alt witliin tiie Temperate 7,one, \et being fo near the Tropic k ratlier liihjecl to Meat than C'old, wliich With tlte many Rivers that water the (jround, niake^ it infenour to no other Coun- trv wl^atlbever fir i'leafantnel's and Fertility. Much of tlie Coail i'. indeed Saiidv, but at a fm,i!l dirtance from tlie Sea t!ie Soil is excellent good, as appears by its natural Produft •, for with t!ie leafl Trouble in the World it yields all Sorts of Cirainand Herbs, and Grapes. Then for Trees, not to fpeak of Pines, Cedars, Cyprefs, 1 awrel and the like, there is all variety of Fruit grtnv- iiig without the leail Improvement from .Art, and tho' Wild . inoft delicious to tlie Taftc. Tlie Meadowsabound in Grafs, a\\<S tlie Woods fw.irtn wit!) Deer, Goats, lions, leopards, Wolves, Harfs, Rabbets, and ieveral oilier Creatures. As for Birds, tliere are inhnite numbers of Turkevs, Partridges, Parrots, Pigeons, Turtles, Black- Kirds, Herons, Storks, (Cranes, (jeefe. Ducks, all Birds of Prey , and many others peculiar to yl//iaic.i, the ir.oll beautiful in the World for de- licate colour'd Featiiers. The Natives are generally of a large Stature, well lliap'd and of an Olive Colour. They (over their Nakednefs with DeerSkiiis neatly fitted, the rell of tlieir Bodies remainiiig naked ■, and there- fore their legs and Arms are adorn'd with many I'lgures, fj minted that they will not wear out ^ tluir Hair mack and long, lor their Temper they are lubtle, apt to dili'emble, but hold and [our.igious, fighting witli Bows and Arrows-, \yincl) lall they point with lilliliones, or lliam Stones. The Women are in all Relpeils like the Men, and their Olive C' 4our not natnr.il,but ra'u'il by anointing with a Sort of Oil , wliich hartltis their Skins againll the Heat of the Sun. All tlifir Corn is laid up in Common and diltrihuted on to every Family, according to its Number, the whole Stork being lo co-^tviv'd as to I'ervi- hut half the Year-, tho' the I ruitfaliier. of the '•ol would \ivld much more .hai) thev liave occifum for i hut they fow no tr.ore, and live the reft of the Year upon Roots, di y'd Fruit, Filli and I klh, mucli of which they dry to keep, and are vi-rv fond of the Cmcodil, Melli which is delicious mj Imells of Musk. Th common Drink is Water,hut they are never witlioi;' a good Quantitv of a I,i- quor thev call C;^«.;, 11 ide of the Fruit of a Tree, and much v.ilu'd, not only by them, but by the SpM/iMil.i^ f<jr provoM ig of Urine. To come to the Sea Coall, we mud pafs over that o{C,i,/ili>i:!j hetor; Tpokenof among tlie /:>i;. hl/j Dominions, and begin at the Kn-er of /l/./'v where that ends. Thence it runs South-well to Cape .S". t'>.i:ni<, about 20 leasnies, in the niidll of whicli Space is the Rivcr of Dolphins. At the Cape it turns awav Well, forming another Ray, 25 I eagues farther to tlie Town and Fiirt of S. M.iieo, a fnall Place polTefs'd by the S;:.vii.i,-J:, whoahout 1^ I eagues to the Soutlnvard li.ive ano- ther Town and Fort call'd S. A:u!'J}i>i^ wliiclitwo fecure them the PofTeiiion of all this Coall, run- ning down Soiitli as far as Cil'Ci..i dc It Af,iri\: ti or Cape Afanyrs, in 25 Degrees and a IiaH", above 80 L<.agues, where the only PI ices of Note are Bma Ae Afafi/:iitos, and Cape Cmh.ivci-.iI , tlie firdan Inlet of tlie Sea to tlie Land, the other a Head Land, witiiout any Towi's. From C.ii-'c Af.trtyrs the Land flretches Well about 20 leagues, then North- wefl 120, in which Spicc are tlie linall Ba\sot CiHos ., T.iuip.t, and i;>-ne other luiall ones. At the Height Lift mentiou'cl, the land winds a'.'.ain to Sout!i-well 45 leagues formin-.: aiuitlier large Bay -, tl'encc Well to the Bay and River cf the HJy (.'hosf, 80 Leagu.-i more, and tlien inclines ap.ain to South-well, ji- bovc ICO 1 eagues to tlie River of P.il/ns, whicli parts it fro-.n the Province »f I'lunco. This i; tlie Accv'unt wc ha this Coall from all .... the Sp.iiiji. and Fio'ih Dilcoverer^, who have iu'eu inoll upon it, whom we ihall Name in the Rela- tion of their Difcoveries ■-, but it is lit here tooli- ferve from/-". Hciriiep'.n, that he places tlie Mouth of his great River A'fefchiijipi or Afr^iipi in th." lad inention'd Part of tlie Coaft of Hurid.i, be- tween tlie Bay of the HohGhoit and t!ie River of S. M i:\d.dcii ^ wlience he with ReaCiii infers, tliat It iiiuft be the lame , wliicii in our Maps is call'd Rio Ff(ondida, or the hidden River, wliic'i leems probable, if his Polition be true ■, but t!i,ii all (icograpiu-rs hitherto have made the A';« / /- ciiudido very finall, in Comparilon of that he de- fcribes, and tlie efore this Point will remain un- decided till loine better Information. It remains to proceed to what can be found more particula ■ among the Difcoverers. T he lirlt of tliefe was Inhi I-'jinr de Leon, who after let- ling in tile llland of >^. jnlj>i de Puerto Rita, being ambitious of liudin.', ii>me new I and, failed tucn tliat Illand in tiie Year 1512, with three S'ups well provided for fuch an Uiid.nMkin^, auJii:- rc'.iing hisCourIc to the NuJvweft, after pai- fng by the Liiiiyi lll.iuds, on the jvl of Apy'd, law Land in 30 Ije,^' > es and 8 Minutes of North Latitude, and fuppoliui; it to be .in Utaiid, i'.avo ivcr, wliic'i Init t'.vU Ik- A'.'" >• lll.lt lie tk'- rciii.iiii ciu- Ix- fdn'.icl ■] be Ill-It [10 after I'et- Rica, being failed tioin three S'ups , aiiJ iJi- , ifter pal; 5.1 of /'(!"■. tes of Nortti llVniel, yvc FL0K1T> A it the Varnf of Floridit t!iat is Fleiwrv, or F!ou- rifliino: . Iio'Ii i'l Re<^ird of it'- beautiful l'rufped>, iiv; :iiM hf..,ire 111" clifcovei'd ir on l:i//er-D.ty^ which fhf 5p wi.i-r!s call Ptif/:t:i HoriA.i. Running nn flill futhfr thev r;imc to an Anchor in futli .1 ftrf^ng rnrrc'iit, that thoir Anrhors would fence iiold them i xTf 'hereihev I anded and ereiffini/, ;i jircit <"i''>'s, call'd the I'Lire from it A'/u deli -/v/t, or the R"\'r uf theCrol's. On t!ie 8th of ,l^n' thev pafs'fl Ca\k Flnridt, whiih tlu'v tall'd C.ih dr Corrientes ^ of Cape Currents , hy Reafon of the rtroiip, fe'tmri ,-f i!ie Water, and came to an Archor mukr it, near the lndi.vi \'illa:;e of ^-Z- /•..'/'>;. Oft" it lie thofe Imali Illand-., or Rocks, which becaufe a.r a Dif^aitce they look liKe Men i;npal'd , he nil''! , the yi/i'V)-'. I lavinj.; tlisis run akm.", this Coaft Korth and Norlli-cail, lie rcturn'd the fame wav he came, after forneSkir- miOies with the N itives to thejil uid of S. IJw Je I'tterio A';^, w'viice he had let out, believiny, the Land he iiad difrover'd to be an Illand. I.iir !■ Fifit::c! dc Allien (ail'd next from H'.fpt- ritol.i, with a !?ell:;n to take loine /W.'.wj out of the lllaiui'-, DDVvurk in the t Void Mines, and whe ther bv Chance, or d.luv'-'dly fell in upon the Coall vf Floridly in u Degrees of North Lati- tude, at the Place th.'n r iIlM C>"f5/\7, and fi"ce ,S". llde'i, bein?, a River m Carol ir.j. Tlie Inha- bitaius w'-re ama/.'d to lee the SInps under Sail, and Hed at the 1 andmj^of the5/f.;w/,!!(^.(, but two of thcinbein;; taken, were well treated and lent alliore clop.rh'd. whuli invited many of them to come down and Ihow tlie Sp.miardi all they de- lir'd-, but they having inveii^ted many Aboard, fet Siil to carry them to the Mines. One (>f the S'lips was cal\ away in its return, with moft of the poor Indies carry'd away, and the others dy'd. Yet /'/fvfireturn'd thither a.i',ain , in Hopes of much Frealure of ('i>)ldaiid Silver,whcre entrins; the River of 5. /-/c/om, one ofhisSliips perifti'cl and :0T of his Men were kill'd aftiore, which made him return home empty and dclpair- ing of any good Sucrels tiicre. In tite Year I52'),_ ^.:mphilo N'lrv.icz., nothing daunted at the Difafler of Imc,i< r.ij/;iicz., and liaving obtain d a (jraiit of the Emperor Ch.irlcs the <)tl', to be Ciovernoiir of tlic 1 auds he could difcover from the River of /'.;.'wf, liiat divides this (louiury from A'nrSpiii/ to the liirthcft Parts of F.ori4,!, fet Sail from the Port of X?i;/(.;, 011 the South ('oaft o(CmI>i, with 4 Sh ps and :i Bark, in which he had 400 Men and Ho 1 lories. Of thelf lafb, the one half d\'d before lie came to Land at C.dni dc t.i O/ii. There 'uariiu^ News «\ Cjold.it ylpil'i-ht, he itiarilul that Way with ?oo iVku and 40 liorie by 1 and, ordering the Slips'') C. ail along, ylli'.v A'^wi C.dH.:.a de r.iij, ti ■ Trcalintr, was ai;aiiill this F.nterpri/.e, but N ir ;, ; I'eing rell'lv'd, tliey travell'd 15 Days without fiiKling any Inhabirants, or other I'rovnion-, b;u l'..ii,:itos, iho' tliey took with them but two l^iunds of [jisket and half a i'ouiid of Uao-n a Man. .^t tl'c F.;;d they pafs'd a River, vn the 'ithcr lide vvliereof tlie hidiutis relie d and enteitaiu'd tlum loine l'a\s, and then travell'd 15 Davs mere, without tiiuluigany l;ihabitants \, *iid lalllv, ratiie to ,■!■:. d iii:(, whicii Plate they nitci'd by I oue, and found in it Store o\ hidim Wheat, Skni ')t V\ ild bealls and Cotton Cloth, l-itre thev ic)ntinu'd 25 Da.'i, and were feveral fiires all'auUed by the Natives, who ihll rttir'd ■■.'the Wg'.wU audMarllie^. ileiuv, by the Ad- 24.9 vice of a Caci.iue they had taken, they retiirn'd to Auie^ in about u Degrees of North Latitude, and alter lofmg feveral \len, to the Sea, where having no News of their Ships, they contriv'd to build 5 Boats, making Sails of their Sliirts, Vef- fcls for Water of their Horfes Hides, and Ropes of their Manes and Tails. In thele they rang'd up and down feveral Davs, till they were fepa- rated, and that which Alv.tr Nunez, was in pe- rilh'd on an Illand, where theMenftay'd as long as there was any thing to Eat. After which 15, who oiilv remain'd, got over into Florida., ten of tliem dy'd traverfing that vaft piece of Conti- nent , and only Alvar Niinez. , and four more, arriv'd at Inll in A'e^r Spain, who gave this Ao- connr, for the other four Boats were never more heard of. Thefe Difafters m.ide all Attempts upon Flo- rid t be laid afide for fome Time, till in the Year 1558, Fodiiinid dc Soto obtain'd of theEmpcrour Ch.irles the 5tli another Grant for Difcovering and Conquering of Florida, together with the Go- vernment cjf Cuba. To this purpofe, he fail'd from Hivan.t in Cuba , with 550 Horfe, and 900 Foot, belkles a confiderable Number of Seamen, on the 1 2tli of May 1 5 39, and about the End of the fame Month arriv'd in the Bay of Efpiritu Santo , or tlie Holy GhoO, on the Southern Coall of Florida, lying upon the Gulph ofAfexiio. There he land- ed his Men, and had one JohnOrti:. fenthimby the Caviqiie Mojctjo,\sho had kept him, ever fince the Misfortune of Ntrvaez. , above-mention'd. Upon his Information, that the Country higher up was plealant and fruitful, he fent away all his Ships, but four, to deprive his Men of all Hopes of returning. 1 It left one Caldtron with 40 Horfe on the Coafl, near the Ships, with Outers to Hive no Offence to the Natives, and tlien adyanc'd North-Nortli-eaft , throui;h a Country full of Wild \ ines, Mulberry, Cherry and other Sorts of Trees,and pals'd into a Province call'd Adtera, lofing feveial Men in the Way , kill'd by the Natives, who took all Advantai^es againfl him. Thence he took due i^ rtli .',nd travelling 20 Leagues came to the \'illage o\ Ocali, of about 600 Cottages full of Grain and Nuts-, Sixteen 1 eagues farthir they came to the Province of yi- t.ttmho, which extends 50 1 tagues , and being pall it arriv'd at Oi/'if/«/f,and thiiiie to Apalachc, the intended End of their Jonrney, where they llay'd fome Days, fending one Party Northward anci another Southward. The firft of which found a plealant fruitful Cour cry and peaceable People -, but tlie latter a barren Soil and little cultivated. It being now the Month of Othber, Ferdinand de Soto winter'd at ApaLuhe, fending Advice of what lie had done to C/r/i.j. When the Seafon was pro- per, lie advanc'd 5 Days march to the North- ward to the Province Atalpaha, where he appeas'd the Salvages, and was then kindly receiv'd -, and proceeding 10 Days Way farther through a fer- tile Land, arriv'd at the Territory of Achjlafuin^ v.iiich was barren, and ill peopleci. Thence the'y came to the Province of Cufadn and that of Cofa- chiqui, wiiere they gatlier'd a mighty Qiiantity of l\'arls, and thence to that of ,\;!j/./. Hereby Computation it was reckon 'd they had travell'-i 410 Leagues from the Place where they Landed. Hiving relied 15 Days at Xual.i, they turn'd off to lii'.az..da, then tol'cLiaha, next to the Province of Coj.ii, toTi;////.i, TafcalHi.a, /Manila, Ciicora., Ciiicacolla , Altban.u, Cijijca , Capaha , x^.ji/nui. ,'^:i>*|i. ml rtmt INI-, ■,* •i I'^iiiitj^ii ."» w 250 N EW.MHXICO. Ql'ii;i:.jt:i, CrI-ri.i, Ttd.i, fit.wz'i'i N leiifter, Cii.i- ikuoy.i :\\k\ OH\:i.iltoin'.i , .i!^\vliicli PI.kin, arc litre tiiilv iwiiicl, bccaiirt; \\w Kil.iticMi nl >Vifu's Expeciition (;ivcsiio m.unu'r of 1 inht for lincliii!^ their I'dfitic'ii, In the Lift of thi-fc IM.ires, the G'n'criiniir Feiii.--r.ind lie S'lo cl\'cl, \v1k'ii he liad loll t!ii' oiu' half of his Men imi tlie tvpeclition, and left tlie ('oinmaiul of the Reft to I.nris <le Afdfccfi de A'.v.V'iuhi. The Np.w;'. (/•</.( now much ^jifconrai^'d with the Addition of thctiovernoiu's Death to all their other 1 oU'es , rei'oW'd to citiit rion'ili, and in A'«tf /'//'(>• cnne to that tliev call K.o C!ia>itii\ or tlie (rreat River, ow wliuli they built 5 Doats, and ImbarkiiH', on them and lome Canies, ran down the River, biioi; loon purlu'd bv ar leaft 5C00 Canoes full oUiidi.ms., who pour'd in Cloiuls of Arrows upon them, and never ceas"d thePivfait for ten Days, after whicli tliey tor- bore, and the Spiiihirds came the 19th Hav ;il"cer tliey nnbark'd into the Sea, reckomni; that tliey 1;.kI run down the River 8co 1 eai'ues, whith lome look upon as labiilous, and \et irake ;:o S( rnple to allow Hcni.ipiti tlie fame 1 eiit!,t!i upon hii Ri- vtr Ai'ijdjijipi ., and yet we know not, whciher this may nut be tl;e laine, or luppol'inf, it to be Kiuither, with. t!ie Windings it may well bee<iiial to ir. f5einn come to the Sea, tliey directed their Co'irfc Weftward, and at laft enter'd the River <;'! P.muio , whence thev made tlieir Way with S.il'etv to the City of /I/iam", about the I'.iid of t!i? Ve.ir 1545. Tlie %i*;/.i,-</j (Ictcrr'd by t'lefe Miif 'rtiine?, f.'rbrre fartlier Attempts upon l\oyid.i, winch the fr< ,'th ii;xt took up, and John Rib.vdi in the Year J S<>-i With twi) Ships vifittd that Coaft o( Hond.i, \'. hull now we c.U C.i'<'/,/;.i,Aiichoring 3 l.ea>;ues lip /'6/^f A'oj'i/, a; d runniiij^ up i; Leagues far- ll ur in Ins lioats. Here lij, made I'eace with the Kanves, he built a fmall 1 ort, in which he lett ;6 Men, under the Com,: ,iik1 of one yUkit^ iind retiirn'ci to Fi\t>ac. Theie Men were linne Tune maintain'd by theNatives, but their l-'ro- vifioiisat leni;th failing, and no I'rol'pert appear- ing of any Relief from /v.v;«f, thev, built a jjark iiiul ftiipp'd iheinlelves iiiit, with what little Pro- \ilioii tlie^ had, and venturing to return Home, ^vereieduc'd to Inch Kxtreiuity as to kill one of their Coirp.iiiy tt) cat hiin j and being taken up ill this Diltrefj b\ an l.i:y.l.Jh Ship, lome of them Wire L, n Jed on the Coaft of /•'- .wcc, and the left carried into l-j,J,:tiJ. R(UL L.w.dotiuic^\\,\% the next f>fwt/jAdventurer in the Year 1564, and arrive! in jui:e at M.iy River-, where the King of the Country, whom they cali'd I'MiHoitiJi , met and fliow'd dim the i'lilar created by Rib.t.ilt, and crown'd wi:h the Laurel. In tlii;. Place he ereffed a Tri.iiuMii.ir Fort, which he cali'd Ciyolnu-, and them e^lait out to feveral I'art^, where he was infonn'd tlien; was Cjold and Silver, vet fjuiid very little, aiitj at l.ift wanting I'toviHoiis, coinmitted much Ra- pine upon the Natives, to j'et as much a> wnild carry hiin and his Men back to t'lMuc. Whilil he was preparing fir his Ocparrurc, ,Mr. yo!„i fliwkiHs h.ipiicd to come upon the Coaft, who (old him .1 Ship ami I'rovifiuns to retuin I lome. Juft at this Tune jnim Rib.iidt arriv'd again with 7 Ship", 5 of which were fent up the Kiver, and immedi.itelv 6 .S^.i;////> Ships came to an AnchiT near the otlier 4, who fnidiiig themfelves too weak to witlilt.uid tli.it Force, cut their C.ibles and put out to Sea. 1 he other ; comiiu', d(nvii the River again, follow'd thein and were lurpri/.'d by a vio- lent Storm, whuli wreck'd lijine of them 011 the Shore, whil'll \.W- Sp.mi.tidi landing their Men enter'd the lort, and put all they found in it to the Sword, except l-iitdaiiiie ., who cfcap'il to the Ships that h.id been lav'd , and got lafe to hi.vne. Dowiiikk Colli i,'!e.< took upon him next the Ku- terpri/.e n( I'loruii^ and arriv'd at yl/./i/ River with 3 Ships and zoo .Men, in yhig::j} 1567, and I'urpri/.iiig the Sp ini.rds , put all to t!ie Sword that could not make their I'.fcape with theCjover- iiour :, but thinking hinililt ii.'O weak to keep that Place,perl'waded the L:Ji.iii.< to deuvililli the i'orts, and uturn'd luinrelf lale with his Ships to f,. nice • fmce wliich lime the trench have not maiie any coiillderable Attempt upon Fioridi. Since tlieii the l.iifl'lij have pollels'd themfelves of all that Coaft cali'd ('.irolin.iyHi. has been Ihow'd above, and the.S'/).w..;r;.'x obferving how other Na- tions nicroadi upon thei'- Difcoverits , to I'eciire what remains on th.it I'^afterii Coaft, luve iliere built the Town and l-ort of 5. yy.v.y/y//;/, in about zg Degrees .iiid a h.ilf of North Latitude, and that of S.A/.i)co, a little Higher, vrhichlalt was attempted by the I '■[..li. , in tlie Y'ear 1705. and formally belieg'd, but they wereoblig'd to delift with ciHifiderable 1 ois. Thele two arc ail the Places the >/)(/;;.;? I.'.' uollefs on that Coaft;, but on the South Coaft wiiich faces the IJay of/i/f.v;- (", and where none have made Attempts upon them, till the laieof -I/c/v/^'. <^'f/.' .'^'.///f,iiieiiiiou'd by thnuj),'!, tliey have the Towns ui Aih.il.iijue., Ojj.niiilc^ /-Jiiriiiij,:.!, Cuii/ii.i, and Ibmc others of lefs Note. In this Delcription of iLiid<i, we have made ufe of Uerrcr.i, l.ici, S.wjii/i., and the Par- ticular Relations of all thole Dilcovercrs alre.idy meiitioii'd. CHAP. VI. Of New MEXICO. Til I S m; ft. Northern Kingdom of the .'^pa- iiif/j DoHMui.ins ni Aiiu,,L.i^ is of to great an t:.tj:it, that they have not been able in iie.tr ico Years liiice its hrft Dilcovery to find out the utmoi't Uounds of it •, tho' we mull not al- togeiiier aftigri its Cneatncis lor the Realon of their making no farther I'rogref-, it in. but thtir iuvir.g lo mueli l".:iiployment in we.ilthier Coun- nies, and its runiiin^ lo far to tlic North, tiuit bttlc Profit is tube expected from what remains of it unknown, and the exceliive Cold, which de- terrs People born in a Mot Climate from pulhiiig too far into fro/,eii Regions. Yet is it wonderful that they who m lels than 40 Years could Dilcu- ver above 2000 Leagues in length from North to South, both Inland and Sea Coall, ftiouUlnotiu near 200 Years more penetrate to the utmoft li- mits ol' this Kingdom. Whatever the Kcaibn is, N ElVM EXICO. 251 we tniift leave that for others to decide, and come towlnit is known of it. Its Roiders 011 the North, we are ftill ig- norant of, ,is has been faid , nor can they be ex- iiflly afcertain'don the Eaft any farther than by faying it ioMis to Cmttda and Florida, whofe Es- tent isi not yet aj^recd on ; Southward it joins t() the Kinpdom ot New Sp.tin, or OU Mexuo and its I'rovnires of hen- B. ft ay ^ C'liliacan, and CV«./- /9<,and on the Well that which the 5p^w/.'>-t/* call the f!ed »./, and we the Strei^'Ju of (.'.ilifumiii, parts It Irum the llland of that Name. Toaftifeii It a certani Lcnjith and Breadth, after what has been faid of our Ignorance as to its Boundaries, would be a Contradiction ^ however this may be faid, that what has been difcovcr'd extends joo I e.ifiues North from Anv-IHfoiy, and there is no Kis I'.aft and Well from the Sea ufCiltfornia, to- wards h'ionU.i and Ntw-I'r.iine. Thf p.iriicu!.,r N,itions mention'd in the Gene- ral Tabic of N.nch .-h/.titLii, arc not dillinguLlli d from one anoiiicr by any certain Lunits, and the iin.inuirtis havebnilt but few Towns among them, t!;e Natives fmce the tirtl Contiuell being Submif- five, and become like Native Sp:if/i.irils,n\\(\ fome of the remoter Farts livmi', ni perfedt Aanty,tho'not perl'aps ni entire Subject ion to them, till we come to al'ovc 40 Decrees of North 1 atitude and 250 lA-agues Kail ward of the Sea oi Cilifoinia^ where there are It ill Nations unknown, and thofc there is any kno\vkd?,eof are in Enmity with all tu- ropcan:. lor thele Rcalbns wclhall not give any particular Table of Towns or Provinces, as in other Countries we have exail Information of,but proceed to tlie bell Accounts we can find among tiic Spaii^ji Travellers, as was done in HoriUa. The heft Delinntion weliave of this Country is from h. yiloiijo ae BiniviUi's, who praited it at Madrid in the Year i630,and is to this EflU'ft.Th- Metropolis of Anp-yl-/tA';fw , call'd S.mtu t'e, or ^'. t'utii!^ is m ?7 l)e>i;rees of North Latitude, The way to it from Ncw-Bijtay^ is through the Pro- vnice (jf the Cutuljos, parted from A''eu'-/<(/(i;_yby the River of the fame Name. Next follow the 'fuh'/iiSt Itriiihiinimei, lipoMiet, Tomites, Suiiim, J^a>io.<,M\d oilier Salvage Nations for an Hundred leagues North and North-well , mufl of which wire Salvage and Naked, and did the Spatimrds rriuili Harm before they wcrefubdu'd.Thcfe hun- dred Lragucs brin^ us to the North River, which is very Larp,e, comes out of a lake in the North- call, andatter running; above 250 Lea^iucs South- weit, falls into the Strcight of Luitjunn.i, in about 30 Degrees of Nortli Latitude, and not into the Gulph of Mexico^ as lome Mapsfallly reprefent it. Krom the Hims abovemcntion'd, there are about 100 Leagues rriore to New-AlcxUo, pro- perly i'o call'd, travelling Northward, a little to the Eall, through the Countries of the At.wjos and Lnriut.'.i , who went quite naked, only the V\omeii wearing Aprons of Ueer-skins, and f-.d «n raw Helli, hut are fince civiliz'd and become Chfil'tians. Ne:;; lollovv \.\vi ^-tpuches, a mighty Katioii, of \shom more anon. Here we again meet the North Kiver, where AVu'-yl/f.v;c-», pro- pel 1\ lo iall'd,coniinencesrt:ici extends lOoLcaguiss Northward, imm S. Antotiy of i.'«ct.'< , the tirll Town ol li'.e Jii-oto.t, to the Lown ul S.jcrunie 111 the Province ot the Tm)u>, Lsicw-Altxtco^ pro- perly lo uili'd, eoiiiain'cl leveral Nations, ni this Older, at ilie North River begin the/^//»j, a civiliAl i\oplv.-,clad,'J\vellin(;i!iHoulesandSub- jeft to their Chiefs, and have abundance of /«(^i.»» Wheat, other Grain and Cotton, tlie Soil beinp, fruitful and the Air whokfom. Thechief Town here is call'd Socorro^ that is, Relief, becaufehere the firfl Difcoverers being almoll familh'd, found Plenty of Provifions. The Tcb.is are next, inha- biting 15 Towns, then the Qiicres 7, and next the Jompires 1 5, the Chief of them call'd Chilili, Farther Northward are the Tanos, in 5 Towns, and beycmd them the Peici* in one great Town. Seven leagues Weft ot them is the Metropolis call'd Santa Fe, where at firft only z%o Spaniards^ not above 50 of them Soldiers, kept all this vaft Country in awe , only by the Terror of their Name,but their Numbers are fince vaftly increased not only theie, but in all the other Towns wc mention. Befides, that all thefe Nations arc be- come Chriflians, have quite forgot their Barba- rity, and are become perfeft Spaniards. Not far from thence towards the North River,from which we had flepp'd afide, live the Teoas in 8 Villages, being the firft that imbrac'd Chriftianity , and moll pafVionate Lovers of the Spaniards. Weft of them are the Hemes, and to the North of thefc the Picmies, and beyond them the Taofiis. Again Weft of the Qiicres is Acoma , a ftrong Town, on a Rock, and 30 Leagues Weft of them the Zumis in 12 Towns, and at the fame Diftancc the Maijitis, all of thefe now Chriftians*, their Lands fruitful and abounding in Cattel and wild Beafts, as do their Rivers in excellent Fifh. They have fuch an Art in Taming of Stags, that they make them draw Carts. The Summer is exceftwe hot and the Winter lb cold, that the Rivers are Fro- zen over. All this Country of iVfip-yWf.v/co pro- perly fo call'd, is near encompafs'd round with the numerous and warlike Nation of the Apaches^ dirtering from all the other Natives in Language, living in Tents, without Houfes, and removing up and down, and clad in Deer-Skins. They have many Wives, punifhing Adultery by cutting off the Ears and Nofe, are fubmillive to tlieir Supe- riours, careful in inftrufting and punilliing their Youth, which others do not, and lome of them adore the Sun and Moon. The Spaniards dillin- guilli tliem by fcveral Names. Thole next the Pires they call Apaches del Pcrille, the next North- ward of them. Apaches dc .\Ua., the others ftill North of thele Apaches de Navajo , the Extent of whole Country is not known-, and laftly thole on the Eaft Apaches l^aqneros, or Cowherds, be- caufe they have great Numbers or a fort of Cows, that have large liunches on th<"ir Backs. Palling on 112 Leagues through the Country of thele lall we come to the Xmi.oiui, Xapies ana Xabotoas, near whom, on the Eaft are the Aixais, and the Province of iMi-jira ^ from which to the Bay of i\Jliiritii Saiito, in Florida, the Sp.miards, who have travell'd it reckon but too Leagues. Thisfliews that eitiier tiemicpin is much deceiv'd in making the Rio tjcondido^ov hidden River, to be the lame with his Afej'chajipi, that River lying between the Bay of h.jpintuSamt & fMtivira, or el le that lie impofes upon the World in pretending the Na- tives along it knew nothing of the Spaniards, or that thele were unactiuaiiued with that mighty River. Belides, be the Alcjthajipi where it will, the Spa/iiardi, who have travell'd all Florida from Eaft to Weil, could not be ignorant of lb great i Stream. But thefe are not all the Improbabilities in h;s Account, and it is not our Uulinefs now tu purlue tliem. Tbi« ^fii^iill I'lVi'-: 151 NEfKM EXICO. Tins nefciiptlon is rliiefly taken, as was fiiid at firrt frnfTi F. Alonfo de Htnivittei, with c)iily (inne fmall Aclilitions from others, wlio travcll'cl there as well as he, and fomc later Aciomits^ about the Improvement ofthat Conqueft, fome wliereof may be i'ecn in Laet , iome in J/r, rerii, and others fince them. To come now to the Dilcoverersi f. Afirk de Nizjt^ a Fmncilhuu with oiilv liis Companion, aBlick, mid Time luai.mt tluit ("poke .s> »//A (it out from the Province of r;//;(,(r,j«, \n New-Spnin, in the Year 1519, and travtll'd 60 leagues, keep- ing towards the Sia to /'cMz/^w, every wliere ci- villy ciitertain'd by the Natives, and advanc'd 30 Leagues farther on the Coaft , witlwut meeting; any thing remarkable. Then trolling a Delart ot four Days Tourney.he came into a Country, whofe Natives receiv'd him with much Refpeft and Admiration, and proceeding four Days farther, through their Territories arriv'd at l^accia, 40 I c;itiues from the Sea. Having lent the Black be fore h'm to the Nonliward, Tie here receiv'd a MelTa'^e from him, with a mighty Account of Ci- iuln. which was jo Days Journey from him, and ih it three great Kingdoms rall'd Ahnita, Aiiu and Toiiteoe ., in the laft of which the hidiavs faid there was W oollen Cloth made. He was inform'd that in Ciioli tliere were 7 great Citief, the Houfes all ol Lime and Stone, and many other Things which had not been feen in tliol'e Parts. Some of thole, who had been fent before with tlie Black return'd and reported that he and t!ie rell had been kill'd by the People of QboLi , wliereupon the Indians with F.Mark refus'd tj proceed any farther i yet he reported he did himfclf, and hav- ing lecn a great City at a Dillance, return d to his Company, and with them to j\c:v-Spuii. This Relation caus'd Don Antoni" dc A-feiidoz.^, Viceroy of A/ie.v/co , to order F>..ra< Cifqiici. de Curnado^ Governour of New-G.ilnia, to take a Progrefs into thole Countrie'. Accordingly he fee out with i5oHorH', 200 l-'oot , fome Held- Pieces,aiid abuiuiance of i^rovifn-ns, m .-LtiI 1540, and traverfnig tliol'e Parts F. Alirk de AVw had (ieicrib'tljCame Into ihe Province (,f //«(tj,./«, five Days journey kom Cih'li, when- he found 7 iV pulous Towns, which might p:(ls lor the 7 Cities /'. A/.t>k Ipoke of. All lie Way as far AiCiboh^ all the Rivers run to the Wdhvard, and doubt- lefs fall nito the South Sea. Thence they pro- ceeded to the River Hue.v, on whole Banks llierc are 15 Towns ni the (p«t of 20 Leagues. After being fome Days malitioully milled by an Indi.m tliat was their (juide, and let right bv another, r-jytf/Ti left the reft of his Company behind, and with only yj Hjrle travcll'd ?o Days direftly North till became to a little River, which he rall'd S.Piter .Did \ P.uil. whence taking a Com- rafs to iJiiivir.i, and to the Company he had left neliiiKi, he iiiadr hib Way home again, muchdif fatisty'd, for thai he had found Nothing of what he cam; to look lor. 1 he feveii Cities of Cibol.i, whicli he law, and gives t'le \ icc-roy an Account I'i", were nothing liKe what F. Aluri lud repre- fented, bur only 7 linall Towns, yet the Houles, he lay.-., WK.re three or four Stones high, with Cellars under (iround, againll tlie excellivc cold. The Towns are about 4 Leagues dilhint from one another, IWiiie bigger than others. The Inhabi- taiits proper vvelllliap'd Men, who cover their NakidiTefa liightly, and wear Clo.iks of lt:veral Colours. TheCoiiiury is very Cold, molt Plaiu, with fome few .Mountaiiw, 'J'onreu,vihkl\F.Murk took for a Kingdom u only a lake-, All Sp^iniflj Authors agree, that ^hiiviiaii in 40 Degrees of North I atitnde. After frj/jz/ei, F. AHinJlin Ruiz. , I Fr.meifcan^ travell'd about 250 1 eagues direflly North from the Province of the Mines of S. Biirbirit, m New Bifcty to the Province of the Ti/^H"', where a Frier being killd by tlie Natives, fome Soldiers that had attended them return'd hame , but F. Amnflin venturing to proceed farther, was never heard of. The Report of thofe who came back mov'd yliiloiiy de Ejpcjo to undertake an Expedition that Way With an Hundred Horfes and Mules, a goocl Number of Men and all Neccflaries. He pafs'd the Cn/nhos , l'af]ae,Mtes , Tobofos , Jmnanes , or PiitarAmyt! \ wliich lalt has good Houfes built of Stone. Thence they pafs'd into the Province of A'eii'-/l/e.v»co, properly fo call'd, where they were kindly receiv'd in g(K)d Towns, where the Houfes were Large, fonr Stories higli , and well fenc'd a^amft the Cold. The Natives were all clad in Ctitton and Skins of Hearts , and what was not ulual in the adjacent Parts, wore Shooes and Hoots made of the Skins of Wild Bealls, and of N eats- Leather. The Women* Hair was rurioufly comb'd and platted ■, but they had no other Thing on t!icii Heads. Every Town had a King, and abundance of Idols , which they worlliipp'd as well in Piiblick, as m their Houfes. The Coun- try is Mountainous and W(xxiy, but well culti- vated. After relting here four Days, they pro- ceeded to the Province of the TigitM, and upon the Report of fome rich Countries Eaftward, tlie Commander, with only two Men went two Days farther to a Province, in which there were eleven Towns, which having view'd, he return'd to his Company and they all inarcii'd together to the Que,eSy above-mention 'd,and through the Ctmnmes to Zuini., or Cibili, where ydquez^., before fpoken of. had been. Here F.lpeio found three Spaniards left bcliind in that Expedition, who gave him an Account of a rich Country bo Days Journey from thence, and tlie Company being unwilling to ven- ture l() far, he witii only 9 Men fet out that way, and at 20 Leagues dilhuice Weflward came to a Province, where he was courteoully receiv'd, and prefented him with 40000 Cotton Cloaks and o- ther 1 hiiigs , wliich he lent away with 5 of his Men and Iome Judiiuu , and ventur'd to proceed himfelf with the other four , and travelling 45 Leagues found the Silver Mine he had been told of, being a very rich Vein , on a Mountain of eafy Accefs, and tlie Natives about it Courteous and good natiir'd. Having made this Difcovery he return'd to iiis Company at Cibola, and thence, after Iome fmall Excurlions to Nerp-tiijcay. In 1599, Don John de Onaie (el out trom Afexi- CO, with 5000 Perfons of both Sexes and all Ages, abundance of Cattle and all other NecelVaries, and luhduiiig all thofe Nations lying dirertly North- ward, whicli have been already mention'd, took the Ihong City of Acoi,..t by Fcu'ce, and laid it level with the Oround. Two ;a!ier great Cities fubinitted to him, and herelblving to keep what lie had gam'd, built a new Town and call'd it 5. jtt/jw's, where he dilcover'd rich Silver Mines. In 1602. he undertook another Expedition this Way, and palling beyond the North Kiver, found the great Lake of Conibas, on the Banks whereof was a valt City 7 Leagues long and 2 in bre..dt!!, and hill ot ftately Struiitur.s , but all of them parted from one another by Imall Woods, iin- den.', ME XI CO, Sec. ^U Afexi- ill Ages, ics, and North- d, took cl laid it It Cities ji what ciU'd it Mines, ion this i-,t'ouiid whcreot' ircadtli, ot tbem Is, e/ii- dciii', dens, and fometimes Dit(hes. The Natives be- ing all here gather'd in the Market- Pbre to de- fend thcmfelvcs, the Commander did not think fit then to Attack them. Vrom this Time the Sp.*niards continu'd to undertake new Expedi- tions into all Parts of this Country , till they entirely fubdu'd it J and are now extended to almoft 45 Degrees of North latitude. This fliews, as v»as hinted before, that Hennepin mag- nifies his Dilcovery, and fo docs UHohuh., all the Wertern Parts they pretend to have found out, being long before known to the 5p.w/»ar4/. CHAP. VII. Of the Kingdom of N E W-S PAIN, aivided into three Governments, viz. GUADALAJARA, MEXICO, and GUATIMALAj IT is to be obferv'd, that as we divide J^me- rial into the North and South, fo the Spa- luards, make only two \ iceroylhips of all their vafl Domini<jns in thoft Parts, all the other Governments bciiif> fnlxjrdinate to them. Thefe are the Vicerovlliips of Mexico or New-Spiin m • the North, and rint'in the South. The firft of tiiTc which we are here to ipcak of, comprehends all we have i'pokcn of in the North, and thence down to the Streight , or Iftlimns of P.manui. What has beer dturril'd needs no Repetition, we come novv to that, which is perfeftly known and entirely Cubdu'd, being the Provinces, from Nem- Mexico and Florida^ on the North, to the afore- laid Ifthmus of Paitam,!. This, tho' under the Inlneftion of the Viceroy, is divided into three Dirtrifts, or Governments, caird^«<<i«wi<«, that is. Sovereign Courts, which decide all Matters wnatfoever, whether Civil or Criminal, and this is done lor the Eafe '>f the People, whoelfe would N n n be k *H MEXICO, Or, l>e ohlip,'d to rrp.tir to tiic City ui Mexico from therctiHXeft V.irt^ upon all Smn •, whereas bv tlii» M*fliH thev 'i-'"* Sovtfti^n CiMitts to decide all CoiitroverfKS.iiml diieOallAlfairs relating tu tlie ("iovciiiin*nt, witliJDA Reafo;uble I^illaiicc. W\t tlii« DiftrirtsCoiiits, or (jovtri miitsarc thuls ol (iiuciilii ii 1^ A/exiio, aiul (iii.iti//:,il,i, (if tlie firft wliereof unly we iuc to fpeak in tins Chapter. Tnis y4:tiiinwii, Diftrirt , or Soveren'.ii ^'"Hft n((.iii.t4il,ihir.t, is the moll Nortlitni of tin' tliree, txifdcriPij Niiriliward on tlu- Kingdom nf X.w Mrxicn ■, on tlie Ealt it lie^ a!onn I'art of K«»t <<//, and die i'jovincu of tmMo , bcloM<jin^^ |o tlic r^- 1 S y>. Ill in. Ciiialoa. ^^_ ■i;^i;-p^^ ^ smiigo, ' Culll.lCMI ( Cuhi.ictui -I , jAf.icn.i, ■"'"»""• Vs. /I /.;<,/.., ' Qjliiiull, ay. < .">. .///."■. (. I tidehe. I. Qjihiul. , SmHu n.ifb.ir.t. New-Bifi Zacatec.is. \Xeiei ill Li Front a.!. ) F.llerni.i. \ K,Jii:brc (te Dios. > 5. jM.irtin, Ciiialoa, The mod Northern Province of this Govern- meiu, and llretchni^',o:tt fattlicll to the Weft, has the Giilph o[' ('.ilijoi/ii:! on thia and |i,i>t of the Soutli Ikle, t!ie I'rov. ofC"«///./f<;// uii the other Sou- thern fide, .Mid the Kiiii^doin of Af'rir-/l/'f.v.Vo ou the Ealt :ind Norrli. Its Situation is between tlie :7th and the ;ot!i 1 ).-i'reesof Nor'h l,atitLide,and the I cntitli Nor>'"\vtit and South-call abont ico lt.:i^nvS, tlie ti;ie itelt Breadth not 40, and much jel^ in otliL-r Parts. On the Eall lide it is bounded by a P.idgeof hip.h and crag^jy Mountains, call'd Tipcrfwn. A- Ciols It rnw leveral frnall Rivers, alon:; wliol'c Hanks the Natives live in X'lllaties, for theCosi- venieiuy ot ^'illli t',. The Air is Icreneand whole- f.MiK, and the Soil fertile, bearing idllorts ol hint and Grain, particularly A/i//"' ^Vheat, as alio Cotton, wherewitli the Natives cloatli'd thein- (elves after the Aftxiiitn falbion.hoth Sexes wear- lit; vcrv long Hair, bein^ a m!l, lully, and war- like People , formerly ufiiii'. Bows and poilon'c! Allows, as alio Clubs of a very hard Wood, and Kucklers of RedVV'owl. The Sp.vii.trds found u;U(h Diificultv ill lubdiiinR them, but th.ey have been loni; liiuv hrout^lit under and converted. 1 lie full Town tlie Spivu.ircis built Iiere was i.ill'd ^'. J/;.w , or S. juhii oj Ciii.do.t^ on a finall River, that runs into the Giilph ot C.dijorni.i., "wliieli went to Ruin, and was aiiaiH reilor'd by h'r ncj lie Ikirra, it) the Year 1 <j54 •, vet t!ie !"iit'- ficultits tliCA met with had aUiM.il: aeftiov'd this lecoixl Coli;ii\,, l>ut that it was lupported bv coii- luitl Supplies rrointt//«;t w. After tlie Uttlin;; of, thid: Town they founded ■ another , nearer to tht lioie'trs of C///.j.iti;« , by tlu Name of i. Philip, AuA y.'ciib i of both which there, is not any Thiii;^ particular to fi^, nor are there any others of No'.e but Imall open Places, like Villa- ges all inJubiicd by the Natives, The Subllaiue Cjovernmcnt of Afexuo; on the Sontli of n {« Afttbo.ie.M, another Pi ovniro of the li.ine Govern- mint, and on the VStll the Sonth Sea .,nd Gulp!, of (.jlifdi'ii.!. The ^leateU Extent of it .i^^,^ the iea Coiifl,North well and South-call, M.,bo' J :.Q0 luuiues-, froir Eaft to Wel>, in the !arii,cll Pl.ice it j\ref( lies not riviji lei-, but the N'oi tv:! , I'art, which IS the wliole Prrwince of CV;/,//«,,, j, vcrv narrow, and lio;ii tlieSouih Part of AV;;-. Jiijiiiy it narrows ai'.ain apace, the Shape of it beini', very irrei^ular up the Inland, and theCoiil |ormuii;a How. The Provinces it is divided mtj. with then Principal Towns, Hand thus ; Chiametlan. Xah Ci'. Stbtijh.ui. ^Chianietliin. C yif^iiM .ira. . ' A. ;///(.». J Viiripi.C'^/,: i'i>/iip',/ii!,i. 'dll.lddilj i,-.l. l.Jli'.ritn S.ifj!'j. (ill ix.ic.irlii/, S. M.tr,,! </e las [.;igi):, II J '^- 'p'>- U'o, Guadala).kra.< /■ ;,:„„v,^-„, I ■ (if.inunot.i, i ■ , A'/( IjiJImi. I Afilnyil.iii. L/.'i.' ■-..;//.«/. 'jf which Account we have from F. Afurim I'lrez, a ytjiiitt, the rell from Hey>ci-,i, S.infon, &c. Isiinio di Giu/nM dilcover'd this Province in tlie Year \%v., and /"oinul i^ very Populous Towns, in wiiiih he w:;s oblij^'d to ftay 4;0avs, by re:i fonoftheroianual R.i.iii •, b:iiii;inaintain'd witli all his Mei> durini- that Time by the Native upon N'cMilon and fowl, till tliey (4r,.win;;w. ry of tlieir Giu-lls, fled into the adiacent \Vo.)d> and Mountains-. Hein;, thus forl'.iken, they tra- vell'd to the Soutiiward, throiMli a very dfi.irt Country, in whii'h rlie" often futler'd mucl; ;■ V\'ant ot V\'a'cr and ! rovillons. This and :'.■ Dirlicuky ol palling tlie Muiintains toward) ilie Inland, as :'.l(o tlie Ihitkiielsof tlie Wootlson tlie Sea Coalt, obli^'d them to return tot' id a mm: ■ Ciiluacan Joins iiL\t on the Suuth-eaft to GW/j.'j, which is its Nortlieni Boundary, with foine little Skn't of t\\c C'iKiboi -^ on the tLall is A^cw-Iiik.iy, and tlie X «■</.-( ^.' :, .111 the Sionih CjiuMehl :/i, and 0:1 the Well the ^liilnh of (.'..7./),f.;.» , its Situatini beiiu", between 24 ami r.S Def^reesof North ' an- tilde; the I enL,fh about ()0 1 .eat;ues , aiv., tl:: Lireadth 5c, hc\>\^ near an obloii;; Square. N,i:-o dc Caun.ii above inention'd , dilbivc.'!-',! this a. well as the lall Province, and liibdii'd i'. Ill the Year 15U. He iound tlie Houfes here dit- fereiit in their Way of huilaiiik^ from all other Parts, ,jnd in the Coriiefs of them lleai-s nf S;i.;ke*, (IretcliiiiiJ out their i!e.ids,"aiid gwW'J, \\ any Body ra my n-ar ilicm, but without d.iiui^ any ifinn. Tliefc thv Native- woiilnpd, beeaak tlie Devil u^M to appear to thein in that Sh.ipe, huweverthey h.indled, and lometimes k<\ njj.'u tl)-.-m.lhe Wo.nen were iia;iJloaie,uid 'Iiere b.nij, ^reat Plenty ot Cotton , both they and the h\:\ were clad 111 it. Mod of the lo.vns or \ ill.'. ues weic Delart, tlie liihabitauts bein^ried. At Kii^thhc ca;iie to a Kner, where he )a\va iV'eit .\iii!t;- NEIV.S PAIN. 155 Multitude of Women, and therefore he ciill'd it Kio dc liii Afiicerei, or the VV<>iiii*ii's K ivcr, wl'ii li g.ivi; < Vcafiiiti to tho f.iMe of Amnens Uvnu', in that Coiintrv- Hero were v^'ry thiik WoikIs, where the IVnplc had their \ ill.mes and often eiuounter'd the Spaninrdi^ killing manv of them. When thev lud travers'd the whole Province aiul fmind nothing in it of \ aliie, hciiijj nuiih (Ireij'lu- ned for Provifioiis, tliey rcturn'd to Chi.ueil.w. Nmio lie (iitLm.iu having thus taken a \ iiw <[ the Countrv, gather'd a Number of I'cople uiiJ Cattle, and built aTown, whiilihe cali'd .*>. ^1 - rkirL on ilie Kiver he had nam'd dc l.u Afi(ge>e.i, or of Women, in 25 De^^rees of North latitude •, hut it was afterwards remov'd fome I eajjues. from thence, and two from the Sea, to a Nalley cali'd f/o> libit, bccaufe it abotnids in I'aflure and all Sorts of Fruit. This is 80 1 c.it'iies from Conpo- fidi, in tlie Province of Xit.Jco. In Procefs of Time the Number of Sp.im.nds increafuii?, they built another Town, North of the latl, and from the Provnice ctll'd it OdHitiw , and after that lome others of lets Note, amonp, wlii(h the Prin- cipal dtcMiifoamd Qj<hiol.i. This from Hcirei:i, New Bifeay H.is tlie lad fpokon of Province of Cnhi.ic.w, liir Its Weftern Hoindary, tlie Kingdom of AVip- Afexko on the North, Horidii on the Fail, and the X«.(/ff.i) with Part ui J'miiico oi\ the South, Irs between 24 and 28 De^jrees of North lati- tiide, and is about 140 1 eaguesin length, from Eall to V\'ell , and 50 in Breadth from North to South. Mofl of this Conntry is Pleafant and aboniid- inginall Sorts of ProTifion^, its Polition a little ab'rve the Tropick of C'./.vf/- making it temperate, and the Waters that run througli it fertiliziiij^ the 1 and. Howcvit towards tlie Nortli-call Part (if It there is a Oillricl, cali'd Tcp/.-j, which is lor the moll part Mountainous alinoil inacccflible , .i;;d by Rcalon of their Heiglit cxccliive Cold, which Territory is of little or no value. In the (itlier better Part there are thm SpMi/h Towns, Jn.uhe the moil V\eflern, then S. 'John to the Eall, and >. /)'./)/?,i)-,j South of that. All three of thfiriliave conliderable Silver Mines, which draw I'lople to tliem, and therefore they are well inha- bited i but partinilarly the laft, which is extra- iirdinary ricn, the \ eins provinp, inferiour tofcw .it" the bell, lothat ihcir Produd is of great \a- lue, and occaiioiis a conliderable Rel<)rt. Thcle are the Mines H<>:i:ipiii tells iis, Alonjuny dcl.t Saiie aim'd at, whi.n under Pretence of feeking ilie Mouth ot tlie River Al/Z^fipi, he raiif^'d on the C'oail o( tlrmd.l. tiiinits deTtiin.r, after fettling the Nfw Town (il Lii>ji:c,<i^ in the Province of the Z.ic.ucc.ii, irarcli'd into this Province, before any other iiad diieovcr'd it, with ijo.Vlni, and tirll found tlie Alines of f;/^'(.,c- am! S. Jab/. Not lb fatisfy'd, lie kit the rell of !;is Men behind, and advanc d with only 30 to the Mountainous barren Part cali'd 'ipti, where tlie\ !uH';'d t!ie utmoll Ex- trimiiies oi (aii;! and Hi' ,.r', befides all the Oitfieultics ill c'iii.bint; i\v-c tleep craiigy Moun- i.!:n,, \.!iue level'.' .\len and ilories penilid. lliisoMii^'el tiiein 10 take a'^'ompais about thr^uj^li the Province ut (. //..7:-',;, for au ealier Koad, and being re;unrd, he carr' '. Colonies to the .S'.ines, ^I'll luiiih, "(J flk-m a_;«Miit any Attempts of the Natives, which ftill continue and are very weal- thy i hut befides thcfe three Towns, there are no othersofain Note in tlie Province, wlndi is en- tirely fnbdu'd and Chnlhaii. Lm: oat of the Left Sp.wljh Author*. Zacatccas. This is the next Province to A>ir-fi/)f./y,which borders on it Nortliward, as does P.inmo on the Fall, Mtih'Jiic.w, (jiiiid.U.i).ir.i, and Chiamttlan (jii the Sout!', and the fame ChiamcilMi and C«- ti:.u.ir on the Weft. A linall Part of it reaches into the Torrid Zone, ih-reft in tlie Temperate, » . being feated between xi and 27 Degrees of Nortli 1 atitude ^ its Lein^th from Fad to Wefl about 100 ! ea»;nes, the greatell Breadth from North 10 South between Dut.wfi^o and Xerts^^ Leagues, and much lefs in all other Parts. Tne Inhabiting of tliis Province is owing to its rich Mines, wliich are many and conliderable, (or in all other refpeils it is of no \'alue, as wanting Water, and producing iiolbrt ofCorn, or (caue any other Provilioii. However the Trealurc has drawn People to it, io that there are in it 3 wall'd, and 4 or 5 open Sp.vilflj Tuwns, befides others of the Natives, and many N'illages. The Principal hears the Name of the Province, and is about 40 Leagues North from the great City of Oiiad.il.ijjr.i , and (o Nortli VVcil from the greater of Alexuo, inhabited by many Spa- tiijii I .imilies, and has feveral Churches and Mo- nalleries. 27 Lca>;ues to the North Well (lands the Town of .S'. A.'.Dtin, little inferior to the for- mer. In the lame Way about 25 Leagues from X:i.itei\is is that of Llicrm.i, and North from this is Noinbrtdc Dios, as Diir.wgo is to the North \\eft of the lall, ancl Xeres tlic mull Southern of tiie I'roviiicc. At all thefe Places there are Mines, btlides others at u4i'i//c, 5. Luc.is, Sow- brcta, los Ruiichos, los Ciidhu.tti^ las T\!ievej, and cl hVi/iilU, on all which there are open Towns. Fruhiis dc Vbirrti, already Ipoken of, dilcover'd and fubdu'd all this Province, and lettled moft (.if the Colonies, tho' not w itliout great Oppo- fition from the Natives, and alter them from their barbarous Neighbours the C jichimccis, ofwhom we lliall fpeak hereafter, and the CHach.uhiUs, who infelied the Koads from GiudM.ij.ira to Z.-icancis, till they were linally brought under by the Maniuels de t^iiu At.itii ique, \ iceroy of A'cri'-Siuin, lince when they have been divided into 104 Tnbes, which tlie .sp(«(./'^i call .^c;i.;>-- tiiiiie/uos, that is, Divilioiis, and live in entire fubjeflion and Chrillianity, without knowing a- ny tliiiu; of the Kudcnels or Idolatry of their lorefatliers, Chiametlan Is a fmall Maritime Province, having the laft meniion'd of the Xiicttec.is oii the Eall, OiimI Uj- j.iy.i on the South, the South Sea on the Weft, and Cidii.iciii on the North ■, leated under the Tropick, the one half in the Temperate, and the other in the Torrid Zone , about 20 Leagues in Length Irom North to South , and near the lame in lire.idth Irom Eall to V\ ell in the largeft Places. Ihe Soil of it is fruitful , aiel it yields much Wax and lioney, belidesvery •j.i.od !)ilv.r Mines. Ca^Xmw ti'iiuis dc lt:iii.!, the lame abovc-men- N n n ;i tion'd, ii6 MEXICO', Or tii'n'J, led the ririt Colony tliitlicr, in tlicYt-ar i<;54, which lie c.iU'd 5. Sch.tjil:!:, and fium him the Province has by lomc bL-eii iium'd of YIkii-i.i. At his coming he found the Uativci aim'J witti Bows and Arrows, Clubi and BncUcrsi, wliicli lafl were made of fmalt Sticks llron^^ly bound ros;ether. TIic VVamcn were: handlome, .uid clad from Head to Voot :, the Men wore Ihort Coats, and Shooes made of Hucks-blvuis. AH their Liti^- cage ihcy carry 'd on a Stick upon their Shoul- der, ihinkni;; it mean tociiry an'^ thinj; nnder their Arms. When they went not to the Wars, ilicy fpent all their time inHuntgiij. They h<id many Idols, andmade no fcruple of eating Man's FltiV, indnhjing thcmfelveb nunany \'icc>. Since (he light of^thc CTOl'pel has Ihone amoui; iliem, ihcy have forfakcn their Inhuman Ciiftoms, and areoecomc civili7'd. Befides the Town of 5. iV- lf,i/i:;ii abo'.emention'd, here armhol'e of C/;; < >,,tt! 111^ fo caird frorn the l^roviutij it felf, and .1,; :car.i. Authors Hcrrcr.t,Com.tr.t, aii^l :>.(/^rt;. Xalifcp, T\m \W here ni.:ntio',rd next to Ci>!.!>i:ct!.i>:, i,-. i'c- larattd ho.n it by a narvow Hip of taiui, be- fon^in;'^ to the I'rovincc vt' i'ii.il.il.ij,i,-i , and runinii,^ out to the Sea, winch is its Northern Ri.undarv , as t!ie lame Province, and t!ia{ of Afuij'.-i.-i are the Kailevn, thfSoath Sea walli- nigboiii tfie boiiili >.. \ Well iuLs , ija Situation btii);', within the lorrid ZoiK', between (he lytli ;uid 22d Dotireci) of Nojth latitude, and the extent Una!!, as not esceedin^i 50 leaiiue?. any Way. It produces iibrnJance of [n'ii.i.! \\ heat, but h.h very little Cattel of any fort. The pi.ncipat Town is call'd Cimp ■Ihi-i ^ leated betNseen one a!id two and twenty Degrees of North Latitude, „iici built by iVw' <<c Uiit.»uii:, the Couciucrour ..f tlie l>ic"ince, in the Year 1531, on the Hank of aR' •■ , fo barren tliat there is no l'aftnre_ (or CwlcI, nor any NecelTanes for buikiliij; of Hoiifesy befides that the Air beiiij^ t;;tremely hot and nioiil , breeds inSnitc Iniei'ta, which liiews that thus Place was not well chofen. On the other Southern Extremity ilands the Town r.ili'd ihc Fiir.jicMjcn, at the Sea fide, and that of A .l:iio from the Province it I'eH, up the Inland be tween them both. From this Province, Moim- tin fays, is brought the Oil the Spi/iiMcls call (f the Infernal Hgtrce, which has many excel- lent Qiialities, being good agamft all cold llu- nuiurs, for dil^K'inj", ot Tumour-, andexpellint; Wind, anoniting the Belly, and taknig a tew Drops niwardly ni Wine', asalfoby Clyfter. It l^ alf) of excellent iile tor Ulcers in the Head, and DeafnefsH us Nature hot in the beginnin;.', of the ^d Dei'.ree, and moiil ni tiie fecond. //<» - reii, Atuniiiai', and L.it/, Guudalajani, Thf principal Province of this A:idlcncl.t^ or Di^hi^t, and giving its N.une to the whv)le, is limited on tlie F.aft and South by the Provmce of Aid li:s iL.m \, on the Weft by ,V.;/;c.', and on the North by tlie Zjcitectf, oniy one narrow llip ot It niiiningout to the Soiitn Sea between A.ililid and t'/./. !//.((/.« ^ its Situation being juft within tlie Ton id '/.one, froin^Mo;:-, Degrees 'atitude, not above S'"' 1 eagucs ovei .>iiy way. Notwithftandinn its being in tl^e Torrid Zone, fcarce any oilier novmce is more temperate 01 fertile, producing F.wr.pc.tn and hul.ni WJuMt in great Plenty, and all Fmits of both tlicfe Kinds, befides the migiity Treafurc of Silver continually taken out of its Mines. Tlie City of Ciud.iLijjr.t^ built by N^ps tk (iiiai'M', in the Year i^Ji, in about 2; Degrees I atitude, gave its Name toalltliis Province ami Govcrninenf, and took it from another fo call'd ill Sp.iui. It is S7 leagues North- well: iVom Alf.vico. Tile Natives ciU'd the I'erritoiy of this City formerly Afoliu,\ and it is a large Pljiu near a good Riyer, and water'd by leveral Brooks and Springj, wliidi caufe it to produce guat llore ot (jrui, and no lefs plenty of Orals, i!u: Neighbouring Muiuitains mrnilliing all Neielfa- ries tor building of lloufes. Tlie Air is neither excelljve ho: nor cold, but wliolefome, and breeds veiyfe.v Infects. Four Feagues from it towardi tile Z.JC.v'a ;.' la a ver\ high Miuin tain, loftcep that no Beaitaol Burden can climb it, auditii a lull 1 eague to the top •, all the other .Mmiu tains alxiut art crags",, and wo. dcd, full ol large Pines .nid Oaks. Tlu (2ity being the Metiu P'llis o( all tliefe Provinces, is very large, p.ipu- lon-;, and ciirioully built, and the ReiideiKc o| tlie Sovereign C-oii;,t fir all this Dilhict j b^'fide-) that it !>> a BillioB'i See, and coiile'iuently baa a Irately Cathedral, and feveral Parilli-Cliurthei., and Monarteries. The next Town of Not« is call'd I'lpirnu Smu, built by the (aine Nana dell n^w.w, in a Part of tlie Province formerly call'clTfj3/-;;ie. The jd i< 5.7,/./ At.iii.t lie los l.j^iis, t'o'indtd by the linne Mm to the tafhvard of Git.iUtl.t.yi> •• , to r;:rS the then falvage Chnhi/mi.ti , wlio rang'd aboiil tlie North and Eall Part-. (■l-tiiuji:ip:,;i;e is an iiuonliderable Maritime Town, on the Shore li that narrow Slip we laid above, extended to t'le Sea. (.I'n.i.y.ic.irl.Di, Z.ipo^.uo, ,wi.\ the others men- tion'd in the Table, are open Places, of whidi uotliing more can be added. Ihcgreatetl River liere Ibaie crJl li.ir.ini.t, an.l others ifqitiilii} , proceeding tr>^,n the Lake ot Akcbo.iL HI, where it drives a r..pid Stream to- wards the Nortli-weii, and four leagues from tlie City ol'O'i'.iJ.il.ij ;:■ .1 falls Irom a gre.a heiglith, wiieiwe it halles iir.o the South Sea, wliiiii it enters betwixt X.ililiu aw] (-hi.n/.al.iu. It is ii<> where fordable, bui us'd formerly to becroi's'd on Floats made of Calaballies and Curs, on which tile .Vieu f.ite with their Goixls, and li.'id tlieir Horl'es in the Water, whilll the liidi.u.i Iwimining, drew 4II over . not withous great I>anger, but t\\t: Spimards Iiave made all conve- niences of Boats, The Natives were finnerlv like their Nei.;li- hours, firgeof Body, cloath'J in Cotton, lyiii^ upon .Vlat>, and fucJ! Uivers of Dancing to a lit- tle fcurvy lort of Drums, that they would I'peiid whole Days M {hat Folly. They arc no\^ all brought to live in Towns, and have their own Lords, Indges, and otlier .V'.agilbates uid Oili- cers, alter the Sp jh j/i nuiimer , the R.ice >j\ their ancient letty Kings full hold a Sovereignty over them, but otliir Officers .irc appointed by the Sp.i>.-,j/j Cjovernours. The C.u j.»tj were formerly a diftinft N.t- tion, living towards the frontiers of the Zac ■ ;ri /.', and dilL-r'd from ;!;.• other Natives of this Province in Ulwir Lan.v-iiiCi a.id fome Cullouisi tlic '-T^ll 1 ' 11,. het , ■' ^ as It dekr nifert as in lis. It J, 'lit Zone, only P:ii::iio beii whole ly in;. I atitude, t Alcxuo an p.ilAlbv i! tliat linall tile I'roviii Cjovanmen regular, tii, be:\veeii til A/i'thu.icii/i the greatel leagues fu Pan of 4 North-well fiance ^ but It from Sei Diuieniioiis of l;i( ii.w . out into th I ength, an narmw 111 p.ive abette [hjip!-ui(.' A which this their I peaks nels. It is Aiiv-Sn.ii in fruitful Kealoii It Kinc, and ■ill lor is of tary tor r! 'V /'"■« exc N EU^.SP AlK ziy the Caachaihiles li.id alfo .1 particular Tongue^ ;ind the OiLimnrcs were not ivulcrildod bv the rcll i luit the hriPijins; of them to live tojiether in I owrs, .iiitl :'. eoulhiiit Intevrouife, whicli before were wuiumi^, ha now mollified ilicir uncouth (n-iiius, liroui;ht them all ti? fpeak one Language, and Chr'.lYiiiiitv 1ms baniOi'd all their Heathen U.ivharitie> , yet the pvevailing Vice ainouf!; them li ol-.fcrv'd tobeStc.iling. Tlie better lurtot Spiiii<n-Hi here live by Trade, and are Mailers of the rich Silver Mines ^ o- ihers toUow gra/ing, and fome apply thctnfelves to Tillap,e. Th''' tins Soil produces abundance of Sui^ar-Cani.:-, yet m>SiHly re^urds them, no m<-.« e tl'.an thev do whole Woods of the T«»rf, which is the Tree that breccis the Cochineal, from which i vail quantity might be gather'd, did they take the Pains to Icxsk after, and cul- tivate the Trees, but it fcems their other Em- ploy men ts turn to better Account. They e- very where make ufc nf Carts and VVat^cons drawn by 0\en, Horfes, and Mules, and tlieir XVeijihts and Meafures are the fame as in Spain. Tlie Tov;ns us'd to be Palifado'd about to defend thiMu againft the Natives , who beinp, entirely lubdued, that Precaution ceafes. Authors, Her CHAP. Vlll. of the Provinces fubjeA to the A U D I E N C I A, or the Sovereign Court of M E X I C O. *" I ^U.-. DiltiA^t, or Part of y^//.ir;c,! we are I here til Ipwk oi, IS luch lu would rc<iuire -^ a j^rcatcrN uluaie than thi» tobedelcrib'd as it dekrves, it Ih.ill theref(,re be our C-are to infert as miicli as may be in tlie Compd's allow'd us. hsMuiation IS .ilmott all under the Torrid Zone, only a Slip "I /}/fi lut.ic.m, and a Part uf r:!r::ito beiii;; on this fide of tlie Tropick, the whole lyinj; betwcm 25 nd 14 I>i;reesof North latitude, the Not :lkrn fide U>ideringon A'nr- Mcxico antl t'.o ..ii^ and all the reft cncom- p.ilAl bv t!ie Not til and South Seas, except only that linall Pait of the Southwelt which joins llie rrovincts ol Ciiupi and Sotonrjlo of tlie Gov.niment of 6';Mf;//;.<//. The l-igure is lo ir- rei;iilar, tiiat it i» hard to aHiiiuthe Fxteiit, but between the two remotell Points of y^w;(£(j and A/alju.u;iii , Northeail and South weft, where the greatell folid Iheadili is, wc find above 200 leagues from Sea to Sea, from the Northern Pan of A!tilio..c.i>: to the Province of Chinp.t North-weft and Soudi eaft much tiie fame Di- itame:, but then acrois the Province of 6'«.j.vi- 1(1 Iroiu Sea to SeafcarceOo 1 eagues ; but rhcfe Diuieniions wholly exclude the lari^e Province ol l:tt ii.iHy becaute it is a Penmlula lunuing out into the Sea above an hundred leagues in I eiii!,th, and only iom'd to the Continent by a nariuw lllhmus ot leu than ;o 1 eagncs. I cannot f',\ve abetter Account ot tins Comnry tii.ni wiiat jijifrnii! y/c(i'y 1 does ot i\'c\''-Sp.ii/i in general, of which this is the principal Part , and tliis Au- thor Ipeaks r.ot hy heariay, but as an Eyewit- iiels, It is to tin* etfjCl. AiH'--SV).<;« (inpadcs all the reft of Air.erici in truittul Phuns and MeadoWs , which is the Kealoii It has an intiiiite number ol llorlcs, Kmc, a'ld other forts of Cattel. It abounds in all loris of fni!t, Cjraiii, and whatever is necel- i.iry ior the iupport ol Human Life. On- 'v /■'»'« exceeds it in Wine, bicaule the Kajusin 'Jiilv and Atiguft fpoil the Grapes, and what lit- tle Wine thev ma! " is fmall ana ftiarp. The nir IS fereiie from the beginning of November till Apnl-, when the Sun is fartheft off, for when it draws near , the Rains fall fo heavy, tliatuioft Rivera overflow. They Sow and Reap twice a Year, and moft Parts abound in Silver Mines, but there are few of Gold. I'r.Mcii Ximnies gives a particular Relation of the excellent (»uins, Avomatick Liciuors, and o- iher Medicinal Produft, as the Lifiiid Amher^ as fwect as Storax, and of great ule in Phyfitk a- gainft Head-aches, Pains in the Stontach, \'a- pors, and Couvulfionsi the Copal, whereof he reckons eight fevcral forts, and all very Me- dicinal •, the Ballam, not interior to that of 6'»- le.iii^ and many more well deferving to be men- tion'd, but that wc inuft not run too far into Natural Hiftorv, nomore than indefcribhig the great variety of Fruit-Trees, Herbs, and How- ers this and other Authors treat of. Being to fpeak of eacli Province in particuUr, the Iborter general Account may (erve turn, auu therefore nothing Ihall be here faid of the Natives relerving it to its proper Place, ant! lo of rvery thing elfe that may be experted in this Delcnptio:i. But it is ftttoobfcrvchere, that in the Divifion we are about to make, we followf that which is now fettled, and in ulc among the SpJiil.vds, as Marters of all chefe Dominions, for it were endlels to follow all the Imall Di- vilions there were among the ancient Inhabitants, every great Town in foinc Parts being reckon'cl a leveral Nation i befides that it is moft proper to reprefent the Country as it is at prelentj yet lo that Mention lliall be made of thofc ma- ny Nations, Tribes, or petty Governments that were in each of thel'c Provinces, which ive Ihall begin to treat ot in the North, and lo defcend to the Southward, according tJ which Method they ftanii tlui'-, I ^ 'i '1*1 im Pam.ti): 15S MEXICO', Or, Panuco. Mcclioacan.<! 'Panuco. Santtngo de los VdUs, S. Luis dc Tampico. Tanadabo. ^ Efciilapa. I Tancac-ifta. \ Tnncuio. ^Tiimoco. CMechoac in. I t^alUdoiid. . ■ I S. Minuet. Concept iun de Salaya. S. Felipe. Lion, ^. Ztimora. yUlade L*goj. I Colimit. y_Z.icatuLi. ■ ' {'Mexico. I OmlHlti. I 'I'd-CHce. Oiinl.rj.ica. , T^t.upM.ip:i. Jflexico. 4 /Mexic.ilti.iiii;". CuyocMi. CmtitLi).'. SuMinikii. QHtreturo. Xjr'Jiian. Panuco. Tlie mod Northern Province of ilic Govern- ment , fnbjeft to the fuprcmc CiHirl of Mexico., Iiai the C.mlph of Mvx.io on the Eaft. t-'lond.t on the North, the Xjr.ifa.u and /l/a/jo./rw on the Weft, and the I'n.viiuesof .Mexico and Tl.iJcaU oil the Soiitli. It is, under the Tropick of Cw- rrr. part in the Temperate, and part in tlie Tor- rid Zone, heinc about 5 Leaj^uvs ni length, and IK) lels ni breacfth. Ail of it that lies next to Mexico is the bci> and richeft, abounding in Provifioiis, and vi'ld'"g lomeGold^ but the o- ther Part adjoining to thrida is wretched, poor, ■ind barren. The principal 5;. iw;//i Towns here arc three i the firit Pahiuo, otlierwife call'd S.iniiftcv.w dtt J'ueiio., built by doh^slo de Svido'.J., ni about i\ Degrees of North latitude, by Order ot tlie Marquefs D'-n fodmatui Co, to., in the Year 15:0, fe.rtcd 65 lotgiies Nortli-eall from y1/f.v.- «v;, and H from the Sea. on « River, whole Mouth makes a Harbour, llie next is Swti.igo dc los riit<tsy z$ l.ea{;nes VV'til (rom I'.i/imo, the tliird S. Luis lie J'afi.p.m, 8 Leagues North call from Pmiico, un tile Sea C<jali. There are feveral Rivers and Anihoring Places along the Coall ot this Gmnt\ up to tlie River of /'.^/w//, but none of tlRMP WO) i!i iiotinj^, or ever reiorted to, except t luinu Kiver and Wni, wlni.1) is noi-eot the bill. Thus iiiuih /-Ar/i-r,/, the moll iolid Author, gives us of I'uiim II, Ci):ltt.!i iH //nUiiyi'i CoUtflion tells us, that travellii g to flus Country Iroin /1/f.v.tu,liefc.iine out ol that Province nilo that ol (//i.i/,'ri.i,which !•, the Souihern Pait of I'.ixuio., the tirll lowii whcrcoi was I Ml I. a! aha, Villa V ll'c Nalivts paint- (Jlcttpidce. Chdco. Chitiiirli. fPuebl.i de lot A>iget:s, ri.ijhih. \ Filial ric.t. i * ;, - -"■ i<t. I S.Jnanw^Vlva. Tlafcala. A Segura. I PiuIj. Matlatlati. I C.iceres. i^Torre Blanca. Gua;:aca. ' Anteqitera. S. f'.elMJn de los Z.ipMecis. f(;,tnti.if\o, Vl'lpiritu Sj"I'). Afi^iutuko, -TjcuM.i. T.ibj fto. ST.ib.ifcu, or Niielh-.i. 'SSemr.t de l.il^iion.t. ,Afe>id.l. .r.di.td,did. Yucatan. yS. fr.wcijio de Cimpccije, J'^d.i/nanc.t. ,Cond. td themfelvcs Blue, and had Hair down u> tlii;i Knees, but we cannot rely upon the Stones of thel'e rambling TravclKrs of no Reiuitatiovi, fiiice the Sp.iiiiaids.,\\\\o live in tliole ('ountrio*, mention no fucli nionilrous Hair. It will there- fore be iK'tdlels to I'pend more time upon !'is frivolous Relation, but to proieed from this Pro- vince to another m jre ronliderabk*. MechoHcan Follows, as the next Nortlicrn Provinre,boun(!- cd on tlie Koiih by the Provinces of Zu.m- CM, and Cit.tdjl.ijiii.i, on the Welt bv that of ,\'.//,/l«, and theSouihSea, on tlie South by the fame Sea and Mexiiu, and on the S-.all by th.'t fame i'rovincc awiM'miuco. Along the Sea it ex- tends So I eagues, and more in length up ihe 1 aji<l. The Name in the Mexidw Tongue lig iiilies a Place abouiidini; m Hilh, and there were leveral NatioiiD inhabited \\.,Ai we lliall mention. The Temperature of the Air ditVcrsmuch,foaK' F'arts being houer, and others colder, according to their iiigher or lower Situation, or their be- ing more or lels cxpos'd to hot or co'd Winds, whicli things alter th.- V\ eatlier tliere nxre than many i.Vgiees dilferente yii Latitude, yet ill general it is pUalaiit, and lo hcaitliv, ti;ac many refort thitlier Iroin odier Parts to recover fr lai l.'iliales. Here are abundance ol Ijkes, Rivers, a.icl Sprnigv, w huh are the ociatinii of feeding iiilii ue nuinlieis of fat Cutle \ belidis lev.,ial Drgncs of hot Medainal Waters. I his abundaiKe ol V\'atei occ.ilious Uali woundeiful Uitility, th.it the Ijround liai been known to yield above an luindied lor one, pnduring all ions ol I ruit and luani, and e.\»Lei;iii,j moll others in excellent P.ilhiu. But t'cy tlie .S' pal Sp.. C :: -.y.im.i, near it a of Piih, , and fold dorable Well IV, 111 a l'.;!i r?oiiii[i-\ , Noill; w Soil. 1 by tin \ the ( . 11- O.'/t;.. ., rov / -' CO. V. ; Cifj. (\ NEWS? AlK 59 But bclules tluTo things common to Ewopi, it has fevcral noble Trees, unknown in our l-'arts, as the Aoihif^pil'i ^ whidulilhis a l')rc ot" C«- p.i/, or i>;lo!ifert)Us Cmm ^ tlii' (Ji'iiihicpirli , \iclclin!', a yellow 1 i|Uor that cures the Itch and Scab, aiicl will I'urge, oucwaidlv applied •, the C'p :lx,Hotl , reckon 'd a Cure for l-evers :, the Moripeiidit^ tlie Sprii;s of wliich cut fmall, and build ro i!ie confillence of a Salve, heats moll Wound? and Sores ^ and to pafs by many others, above all the /l/al-o.ic.w Roor, now well known, and much us'd in Europe, of which and many more the Curious may read frmicis Ac mt-ncs. For Bead-., Iicre are gre.it N'unbers of threat .-'.d finall Catitl, asalfo lieafts of H;irden, Goats, and Swine in Herds, without anv t)wner5,\Vikl- Bo.irs, H^u-cs, and Kabbirs, and chat (ort of Goat in which the Be/.i«r is found-, and here we iiuut iibferve, that tlie fame h'rauch Aimnies aftinns here is a fort ot I>e7.oar found in the b' ivers, wliich he la^s is Viialli'd down from the Moun- tains, where there is great llore of Bolearmo- iiiac. The Natives formerly bad four feveral laii^ua- ftes, the Cljichimcctiti, tlie Onamite^ the AU'vi- f,;«, ;ind the T.tr,ijquf\ tlien- Habit, and other I'.irticulars was much like ihe A'/exidins, they bcin^ of the fame Rjce, tho' become Enemies t ) tliem. At prefent thoir Habit, Lan^uaije, Mannfts, .md Cuftoiiis are all SpMjJj, benin lo incorporated v* iiii their Conquerours, that tliey arc as it wtre one Pe<iple, and know none but the Chriflian K.cligiori. they learn .11 Trades, and p.irricularly make curious fabinets , .ind much S'lk, and breed ("lattel, tut arc particu lar'v f 'pd I'f Doy;s. Thcr greatell Art is in m:i- Wivg, I'iiflures, or Imagery of feathers', which tley polotin lo txipiilitely , that the iibiell Painter cannot reprel-nt any thini; finer ni Colours than they do with Feathers, Ihadow- inn and I'.ivint; ivery thins; its proper Co- lour ft exjdiv lliat it is really ihipendiou?, «nd tins done with Inch linall feathers, that it is wondeifiilhuw they can haiid!e,ai;ci put them to'.etlur, and what Birds they have to rake them fioin, as yhcft.t, and many others whohavi. leen tins VVoik, mform u-, ,T/<, ,',w,;n/w \»' is formerlv a Kincdi)in, whirli is Znc^tula , otherwife cali'd the Conception . feated on a River a league from the Sea •, antf CoUm:i towards the Borders of X'tlifv}, in a rich Soil , producing' uuich Cfc;;, Ci/fi.i^ ancl other things of Value, befidesforneGold. Near this City arc two Sea-Ports, the one cali'd A^.i- vidi:i, and the other Sviii^iio lie fiann yj'per.vi- .^7, the firft of them rer)rted toby t'.ofe who go to the /'/3./(/)/'«f Illands. All about liere there are abundance of Copper Mines, fo.ne of it fo loft, that thev turn and wind it to any ures,and fome ai;ain fo hard, tliat it ferves for Country Toots as well as Iron. The Coalt of tliis Province runs North-weft, and South eall , with feveral friiall Bays ancl Creeks along it, but the principal River is that ol Zif.iinl.i, not confiderable among tliofe of yfmeric.i. U..der this Province, as it is now , liv'i.1 feveral Nations of /;/ia//./w.r in former times, but all thofe Diftinftionsare now laidafidc,ano tliey arc become one People. Mexicci, I roMi which the whole (idvtrnment takes its Name, is the principal Province of all North AmeriCit, and an Archbilhoprick, cxteiu'im^ a- bout IV3 Leagues in length North-eall: and Southwell, and about 60 in Breadth. On the North it is limited by I'.wmo, and part of AIc- cho.Kiii/^ on the Lali by TliivM.i^ on the South by the lame Province .nid the South Sea, and on the Well by that Sea and McciioAc.w. In tliis Compals were formerly fevciat Di- iVrifts, or lordlliip^, as thofe of L.itrctLifj^ Akuitlii, and Xiloieppeqne^ Northivard fnw t!ic T'apital ^ ,I/.i//.i/;^'«^rt,and Cidttptij:if Wetlward , I'c.inco on the Kjfl, and on the Soutli O.u.'ci, S:ulji)titUu,'l l.iliiCD, Cciyxi.i, Am\ ^"liJpiiltu The Ininiing Mountain between tins Province and that of riifi.il.i, is call'il l'rpji\iicpci , all co- ver'd with W'ooil, and t!te bottom abounding in Whcit and Cotti^n, .\t tlie Foot of it is alio Icpi-x-), rifh 111 curious white tranfparcnt Allom j the Neighbouring Hills produiring great liore of the Iweet Gums, Copal, and ,>\nime, by Intifioii on the Trees. In tlie Neighbouring N'lllages much Salt is made, and a moll curious lalper Stone dug out of the Quarries:, and .it tlie -S' •■'■">«// Iiave redu.'d to a Province and Bi- Thc////.'/* there are ricli CJold Mines, but the Place is Ibbjeft tii Eartlniiakes, and tlierefore the Natives live in low finis. South of the Me- tropolis are the lowns of CcMitriuti'uac^ilf A- r.ipijHi, Ciii:ilh-pcqiic, and Aitiepcque^ belonging to the Marnucfs (id Ktllc, delcended from Cor- ;/;., and pie. 'ant, liot and fertile Places, pro- ducin:', much V\ heat, Cotton , and delicious Howers-, befides very white Sugnr. North- weil from Afrxico are Ijctipiiz.:iUi>, T(n\\im.!, Oii.itiil.t!!^ and AUxcpit, and the Country of ,\V/'/ icpeaitr, inhabited by an nidulirious labouring l\'ople. North from the City is Tcptjq.uiUi, &c. yielding ("otton. Gram, and mudi Iruii, bilides iiitniiie filli in its Waters. In fine, c- vei \ where the land is rich, and theie aie ve- ry many Silver Mines at ihele dillatices from the Metropolis Pitiln.i 14 leagues, IJio 22, i ^ifnii/iiilpi ot Lead, 20, ZacH.ilp.i 20, Zm/i- pi'i,i[u .^O, (iu.iri-'Xiitilo Ou, C'.'/t:.ii,i.i 70, Aihij- <;(.(, (/,!«(//, /.ii/riiitliin., and .v. Liiii av l.i Aii, all of Silver, about which Itveral ihoul'and Sp.i- niiirdi live, L-jJidv s gtcai inuliitudes of Slaves. lh« Ibopiiik, w whiili t'lere are near :oo lownsot Native;, now all Converted, w\r!i their Parilh- C!iurc!u-;, and many Moiiiulene?. Ihe princi- pal Sp.iti.fl.i Towns are theU', t. r.i'l^iihiiiJ, or C/.'.-j w^.or .', where the Billiop's See 's , .nid near it a lake larger than that ni A/rxnr, full of I'illi, ilpcfMllv one luiall lort, .vlnch dry'd and fold in the Counlrv about, yields .t roiifi- dor.vble Ri.vciuie. :. .'>'. Al.t'i.ul, 40 Leagues Well frcin .ifri/o', viiy populous, and leated 111 a I'.iiii, which fas the bell I'allnre of all the Country. 5. .v. Plnl.p , llandiii', bo I eagues Nort!) wvA from AUx.iO^ m a cold and poor Soil. Tills City, and tlic Idl above were built by tile \ iciroy liiiti l.itii lie I'li.ijo, to lecure tlie ( > iititry ni thole Daysas'.amll the barb.,roas ■it.K and Others. 4. Ihe ("onceiHion ol ,\a^ built 111 the V>.ar 1570, by tlie \ ici.- :i M.iiUi. hiifi/,iic, 55 League.' from Afexi- Icon is do Le.igiies from that Capital Cilv •''• /''"<■* 13 troin /'..yf/Mre. And 7. /.«'- ;;»', i;licm I'.iii'.idJU. Ivwardj llie South Sea (.nil! S'.i.' ■.•,.! !0\ /' 10. <;. fl ■•\y *; 1! i6o .MBXtCOs Or, The City of Mexico, Capital of all North jimerirti, was firft cali'd Taiochtitlmi , and is feated in the Liticude of 19 Degrees, and 40 Minutes, in a X'allev 14 lea}^ue» lontJ, and 7 m breadth, furnmnded with a ridge of very high Vl>untains, on the Eart frde of the X'alley is a jjreat 1 ake that receives teveral Rivers and o- ther Waters, in the niidll whereof the City is feared, lo tiwt for want of a hoikJ Rntom, the Buildini',s fink very much. The Form of it is I'luare, rlie Streets lonij, wide, and well pav'd, ruiiiiingNuiih and South, Raft and VVtft,where- hv t!)e \v!iole Ilxrent maybe feen 111 the mid- dle. The Compafs of it is two Leagues, and the Di:inu.K-r hnlf a I eague, beraufe it is al- inoft Hiuare. There are five Ways into the City, over as m,inv Caulewa^s atrofs the I ake. Tor iiofl'.- Snurtiues, and rich Cliurches, it viei with Ii-ily, and furpilies it for beautiful VVoiPtM. Of Inliabitantf, there are about uxxx-o families, but gie.it Numbers of them Black", or Mul,itio,>. V\i'.hiii the Citv tliere arc zz M wiiilterier-ot Nun';, and 29 of Keligious Men, all of liKijiv.illlvrirh. Tlie Ctthedral li.i< 10 r.auoii'., % D^K'iifv'd Priells, vii^. Dean, Arcii- deacon, ScIkmI mafter, (Jhaiitcr, and Trcallirer, 6 IXrui-Caiiiips, and 6 half Demi Canons ; one Heail-SacnlVan , 4 ("urates, 12 Ro^al Chaplains, and 8 uilu'rs cill'd of LuDfu^M.i. The Artli- bill.wji's Revenue is 6C000 Pieces uf F.m.ht, the Dean's iicoo tlie fair other Diguihed Pnefts 80CO eacli, every C.inon toed, Deun-CiMions 51.O";, tile half DemiCaiions ^ooa, eadi Curate 4COC, every Chaplain jco, the oilier Prielh and Attendants lel">., In-in^', all in Isuiubcr ^00, )b tl);it llie Revenue i '.' the Church will .ill appear to be 3CCO00 Pieces of Ei^;ht a Year. Yet all this is I'othiiig to the Magnifictuceof that City bcf !re the Sp:w':,irdi were Mafters of it. The Clergy it fecnis are the landlords of this City, inoll of the Grounds and Uoules beinij theirs. ((.emcii.) The I. .\ke on whicli the Citv ftands, coiififts of (livers 1 imhsor Parts, fouie wliereof are fepa- ratcd h\, C.<ure\s only, otliers arc more dillaiu'ci, and li.ive Cuinn.uiiicationby iuiall Canals. One p.irt is (hignant, yet its Waters are frelh and SO'd, and iiU'd witli Filli •, anotlier part ebbs and riow<i, and its Waters are braiJvil"li and iiati .;hr, t!ius we are told by G.t^c. The 1 ake lias about 50 Towns and \ illages round on its Coalh, but before the Snania;ds took it there were three times that Numoer, all very well inha- bited. The old City confiftcd of at leail 6ooooc) I Joules, foine lay icococo. i\v\i Ak>:tc2.nii: 1'% Palace was the moll iiobie that can be thought, tor t!ie Walls were of Marble, and otl'.er fine Stout.-, the Roof-, of Cedar, the Cltambers large, 100 ill Nu.nlier wereadorn'd with curious Hang- ings of 1 eatlier-work, gilded Cyclings, and all other lumptuous and beautiful Decorations. He hid large (jr.ii dens, inoft pompous Suinmer-Hou- tes, anil vail Man.igenes fi>r wild Bcalls, Fowl, Serpents, Cc. of the lir.uigcft, and of the inoll fi.rie Nature. )iis Chappvl was io rich, tlut nothirg was to be (ecu but Gold, which cover 'd the Cieliiig, Agats, CAirncliaii^, Rubies, and o- tlier rich St. Mies thr; VValls, aiiU Pearls the Seats. There were m.uiy Ttinplis (or their Devotion to Idol, funilli'd vvitli high Steerles, the chief whereof was built of well wiou'glii Stone and Timber, it ivas liuare, and a Q:ofs-bow (hot broad, in the middle was a liii^h Mount, of Py ramidic, I Form, which h.ad 114 Steps to the top, where flood the Altars whereon tlie Sacriiices;' which were of Men taken in Battel, wire oiK-r'd'. From tills Pyramid a high Tower arceiided,whirli ijverlook'd all the City. The Market-place was 111 large that locooo Perfons might Iiave Dealings "" it, and was well furnilh'd witli all Necef- m faries, and efpecially Gold, Silver, ;iiic1 IVarls, together witli inoft beautiful Pictures made of Feathers , which is a Curiofity that no other Part of the World is acquainted with •, in tliis Art the luMans were wonderfully Ingenious as they were .lUi) in working (jold and Silver whereof tliey make curious Pieces, far fur»-* palling any wrought here. The fnhabitants were lo numerous, that 50000 Boats were em- plos'd in bringing the daily Fixid neceflliry, and Paflengers. When the City was taken on the Tuh of August, 1511, after a three .Month's Sieg;', 'tw.is reckon 'd that at leart iiooco fmii.mt were li.iin on the [)efendant's fide, belides a vail number th.tt died of Hunger anci Perti- lente. When Cui-rci had rakeii the Citv, he delhdv'd all the f>id.,tn Buildings, and re-edify 'd the City , giving out parcels of Ground to tliole that IiaU aliifted in the Siege, and obli- ging the hulians to Work in the Bi;ilding •, lo.ioco Houfes were then erecTved, but thof\' being tint' dalle but ordinarv Stnu'ures, it has in pro- cefs of tune been in a manner all new built, and tlio' at this time the Houfes may not be fo nu- merous, they are however much betr.-r. bein^ built o( Brick and Stone, and verv t.'.-i, but not high , for the Ground beiiw tender, and fub;.'ft to Eartiiquakes, (iiuft imtiie too much loaded. Tlie l>:di.mi live in the Suburbs, for the Spwi- .t'tl, by co/cniiig them of their plot of Ground (which in the Foundation of t!ie City had been c<jually diftributed to I'uch />h\i,ms as had allift- cd the Sj'.iniiyds,) have from time to time fo tncro.idrd, that all their litt'e Houffsare piill'd in tlicir down, and new pomp')')-; ones built Place, i-'ortcz. built Inmfelf a llatelv Palare on the fame Ground where A(iijIc:.h»i.i\ P.ooJ , (o targe that "000 Cedar Trees were usd in -i •, whiciiat this Day is cali'd t!ie Marquis -/f/ /'(/- /('s Palace, and Letts for 4C00 Ducats Rent. The Marketplace, altlio' not fo large as that of the huUtts. is however very fpacious , fur- rounded witli Arcird Pia77.a's, and well furnilh'd witli Sliop, of tlie richelV Merchandi/.e as well as all ufeful Commodities. Over againll the .Mar- ket place flands tl;e Vicen^ys Palace, whlcli is a large Budding, with 'air (jardens. The Streets 111 general are large and beautiful, furpaliing ours ill turopr, cipecially that call'd the il.iu- rit, where the Cioldfmiths live , exceeding in Wcaltii any that can ellewhere be feen •, tiic Street of St. AhIHh, where the Dealers in Silk inhabit, remarkable for its Length and Breadth j and the Street del Av^tidj^ where the Gentry dwell, admir'd for its fine Structure. The5;n- iii.irds live in great Splendour and I utiiry, and fo ordinarily keep Coaches, tliat (i.itf lays there were in his time (1625,) reckon 'd to be 1 5OCO ill the City, many whereof were furpi/ing- ly rich. 'Lis a -Saving, that in Mexico there are foui tilings remarkably fair , f/-. t!ic Wo- men, the Apparel, the I lories, and the Streets-, to wliuh, lays he, we may add the Co.itlies of the Gcntuv The AU.iedi is an open Field Ihaded NEfKST y^W. i6i fliailed wiih Trees, where the bean monUe daily appeiir in Coarhe*, or on Horlirs, where every Mttrmxjn niay be feen 2CC0 Coaihcs fill'd with Ladies at'd CavaHcr"- circiVd in nioft gorgeous manner, and attended with large Equipages, and line 1 ivcries. The Town )ies open, being not feciir'd bv anv Walls or Gates, for the Indians are lo perfiiSUy lednc'd on all fides that the Spmitiids ertecin themfelves in no danger, and therefore the An;is which the Inhabitants here- tofore alwavs kept by 'em are now lliglited , and the Place is the leaft capable of Defence that can be •, the narrownel's of the C.tufeys from the Mam 1 and, wl)ich may be defended by fmall Numbers, being all the fccurity they Iiave to trnfl to. The \ iceroy is allow'd by the King icoooo Ducats p"' -<^"«/w< Salary, to- gether with I'lenipiiteutiary Power , whereby be IS able by Perfinil'ites to raile ins Revenue in- conceivably liigh :, whereby tlie live Years Go- verninent, wliich is the ftint of their Comniil- fion, is confiderable enough to be defir'd by the greatell: Favourite at Court. Thus far 1 have taken from Oife. All round this great City there are many other Towns ot Note, as Ci>nlnU upon th;; fame Lake, I'ljiiiio 6 leagues diftaut, (^iiitLiViHit, lz.tatp.i- liip.i, Altxn.iltT^ihf^p^ UiutitLin^ Suchi/nilco, Q^iie- ra.iriv, and rnaiiv niore, all of them large Cities formerly, and ilill coni'iderable Towns, fo curi- oi'.lly l-.ated, that in one Plain not above g Leagues lout;, and two in breadth, there con- llantly feed above locxjoo Head of great Cartel, .ioo>wo Siieep, and looooHorles, and other Beafts of Burden. u4<apiiUo is a Sea- Port on theSouth Sea, whence the Ships fei (iUt fur the I'ihlipph.c ll!aiids, and re turn tiiither again. It is call'd a City , but more like a \ ill.ip.e , all the Houies being ei- ther of Timber »r /Ciud Walls , feated in al- moin ij Degrees Latitude, at the Foot of high Mountains, in .iii unhealthy Air, and delbtute of Provifions. Tlie Inhabitants are all Blacks and Mulattoe;., the SpMiJh Merchants haftiiw away thence as loon as the lair is over, which is when the Sliips come from the Philippine IIIhikIs , loaded with Commodities of Chtna, ;![ which time the Place looks like a City, be- ing till'd with genteel People, and plentifully lepplitd with Provifions IromailParts. Here is a linall Cartle witli good brais (nins, but lias no Ditch nor Balhoiis. In defcnbing Mexico and till:. Ilate, we have loUow'd OuneHi , the fall Traveller who has wiit of thole l^laces, and a jiKlicioiis Man. AfciiiU 7 Leagues iVom/l/cvirfl flands a nota- ble piece of ludi.m Aiit!(iuilv, being a Puaiiiid two fides (.f ir, about l6o tn^Ljh Yaids in k'iigt!i,t!ic othu- iwo about .\ fourth part le.s,and thj heigliih 50 Yards, iiuide in Step* like tliofc of h/^ipt, on which tuniierly flood a prodigious Idol ot the iVooii , and within the I'yramid were \ auks, in which thev bmieil tlie Kings, ioo Paces i\\<m this is the Pyramid ot thel^uii, a thud part longer on tliclides than tile former, ind a fourth p.iii higher than that, and on this (lood the Idol of ttie bun, of ■* iiionltrous Mag- nitude. Ihcle are lo aiuient, ih.it there is no acomiit who were the Louiulevs of them. Hut that we may not exe.etl, a word of the Hirdsj wliereof there is luch a Leautilul \ ariety, tJi.it tlie World can Icnrce inatJi it, among which is the Sefontle, which Name fignifies 500 Voices, from the inightv variety cf its fweet Notes :, the Cardinal, which lings well, but is fo call'd, be- caufe all over of a beautiful Scarlet, not only- Feathers, but tVe Beak. The Tigrilto, or little Tiger, becaufe fpotted like a Tiger, and fings well, and many more both for Beauty and fweet Notes, befidesleveral forts of Parrots, which talk to Admiration. For eatable Fowl, there is no lefs Varietv, and the fame for Beafls, not to mention th'j infinite Herds and Flocks of Kine, Sheep, Goats,and Horfes, there arc Bears, Wolves, Wild-Boarf, riaita. Rabbits, Deer, Foxes, li- gjrs, Lions, and Squirrels. The Prodnft of the Earth is no lefs amazing, tie precioufefl whereof is the Silver and Golcl '.akeii out of the Mines. Then for Fruit, there are all forts Europe affords, except Nuts, Cherries, •M'-dlars, and Servife-Berries , anjl belides thefe, many others unknown to us, as Agit.ic.ues., Sa- potes, Ni,i:Tiey'j,Granadilla's,and one prime Plant, which is tlie Cacao, we are now acquainted with through the ufe of Chocolate. Of the Silver Mines, what is neceirary fliall be faid when we come to thofe of Peru., that the Subjeft may be entire y the Hiltory ancient and modern Ihall follow after defcnbing the other Provinces of this Government, whicli it would be improper to part. Tlafcala Follows next after Mexico, not only in Situ- ation, but Dignity, and rather liiperiour in Ex- tent, as reaching from Sea to Sea y for it has the Gulph of yi/f.Vitooii the Eafi, Panitco., and the I'rivince of A'iexicoon the North, the fame Pro- vince on the Well, and the South Sea and 6'«ja;.<- t.j on the South. The Produft here is much the fame as in Afexi- CO, and the Temperature of the Air differs but little, for they both lie very near in the lame La- titude y and as for the Natives, we refer the fpeaking of them till the lafl, wlien wecome to tlieir Hiflory , where it will appear that as Mexico was M\ abfolute Monarchy, I'uTl.iJ'cala was a P.epublican Government, and having faith' fully ferv'd Conei. in the Conquefl of A/cxico, he obtain'd a Grant of the Einnerour Ch.irles the 5th, tlieii Heigning, by whicn to this Day tliey are exempt from all Service orDutywhat- loever, and only pay the King of 5p!;i« a hand- ful of V\ heat a Head, as an Acknowledgment, which iiiconliderable Parcels are yet find to inakc up 1 ^cx)o Bulhtlb. The length of the Province from Sea to Sea is above 100 Leagues,andtliegrcatetl Breadth, which is along the riulph of /i/jamv, about 80 Leagues, witliiii which Limits are included the ancient Dilh icls, or Iclfer Provinces of Tcpeaca, reach- ing within 8 Leagues of the City 7 laJcaL, Zcmpo- /.j,tlie Mountaineers call'd Tototh.ques, and oihers. Ihe Capital City heti is calld Pitd<la de lof j4/.,eU , or tlie Town of Angels, 22 Leagues from /I/(jc(t', Eafl and by South, coiuaiiiing 1500 lloules, and built by SiO.ijti.w Ji.iniDc.^, in the Year 1531, on the Ivoad from the i^ort uit^'era Criii. to A.ixiio, and 5 Leagues from tlie ancient City of Tldjtal.i, 111 a clclig'uuil Plain,! he Build- ings inofl of Lime and Stone, vvin^i w itli Ahxiio^ the Streets iieai, handiome, aiiu itrait, crofiing oiu- another towarcK t!i. u;ur Quarters ot the Ooo World. m liliH -ii*"' i6i M EX I CO', Or, World. In the midft of it is a great Square, which (in three fides is adorn'd with uniform Portifo't, where are rich Shops of all forts of Comnnodities. On the fonrtii fide i-i the Cathedral, with a moll heautiful l-ront,aiid on:ftateh Tow- er, the other not yet fiiiilli'd. Within the Church there are 7 large Pillars on each fide, forming 7, lilcs-, the Ch-iire and H'!,;;h Altar have only 2 Pillars of Marhle, the Rev'etnie of the Church is worth 500000 Pieces of Ei^ht a Year. 6>- mcli;. Tl'fc.'ilt may he alfo call'd a f'apital, having heen lo long hpfore thelaft mention'd was hiiilt, and llill a noMe C.ity, l;it inofl: inhabited by Natives, whereas the otlier is mod Peopled hy Srini-ii^i- It has ti'Mr principal great Streets, the firft on tlie top of tlie Hill,hiiilt there before the reft, beranle I'afe in t!)c time of War, tlie fee one! on the fide of the Hill tow.uds the River •, the third along the River, and the fourth back ( 'oiu the Kivcr. .Ml the Riiildings fince tlie coning of the Sririi.iydi are improv'd. To this Ci:y were fnhii^t :S Towns and \'illai',is , containing ]5nocK) kimilies. Almoft all the Inhabitants being Natives , are , as lias heen (aid , free from all Taxes or Duties and therefore live at Eafe upon tlieir I ands, or follow Trades, and being .ill entirely converted, thev have (evcral g.iotl ("liiirches and Monaftiries, wlicre the Ser- vice is ixrloiin'd wit!) Miilickjaiid much Solcm- iiitv. ririOii:., tlie Port on tlie Oiilpli nf Afexio, is tlie next Place of Note, feated in a barren Soil, winch makes Provifions dear, becaufc they arehnnu'.iit far', The Air is not wholelinne, and the Nortii Wind drives the Sand (b.that it altnoll overwi'elms iheHoufes, and has actually buried the Walls of the Town, which now People roii- ftantly ride over. I he Rillions, and-itlier V\'orks are irregular, and too far dillant from oiieaiio. ther. The Cafile is half a league from the Ci- ty, and icrves to letuie the Harbour, and Sliips ill it. Tliefe liiconvcineiices mention'd, are the caufe t'v City is hut poor, as only inhabited by Blacks and Mulatto's , the .^pw/McWHlaying no loiiticr than they Iiave Bulinefs, or Ships come 111. >". Jol'tiiicZ'lv.i is the principal Sea-Port for the Kingdom o( Afixiro., and here I cannot hut oblerve the great Ignorance of O'./iie, who con- found:, this Place and the lall above-mention 'd fo together, that it is not ealie to underftand him, fa\ing, the one was reinov'd to tlie other, as if there were but one ftill, whereas they are to this Day two dirtiinit Towns, only .S'. John de VIvi IS m re frequented, as being much the wh>)lel()iner Place, and the better Harbour, and thert-f ire inhabited by Sp.ifii.ifd.f, and better for- tified and adorn'd with Churciiei, and other StnUUires. l^.lli- Kit- 1 is to the Northward of both the laft, and on the Coall, all three of them in th^ Coun- try winch formerly was dilliiiguilird hy the Name of /(../)-;//(■, we will iiow go back to thit l)il\iid, withinS I.eaguesof I'lijcil.t, wliich was calld lc;c.ici, where the Spi/iiaith have built the Town they call .S'ei;.r./ dc l.i t'roniera. The upiKT Part was formerly, and is rtill nilia- bited b^ the Natives, thelowtr by i\k Sp.ini i>- li -^ hilt a'l of it Is built on Rocks, li) that it hacl HOIK hut Kiui- Water, till they had lome brought fiont ii River that falls frum the Muumaiiis of Tltfiiili. After faying fo much of thefe principal Places, the others of lels Note will not deferve any particular Mention to be made of them. Guaxaca As well as Tiifcalit reaches from Sea to Sea, be- ing on that narrow Part which joins North and South Americi, having that Province, and the Bay of Afexico on the North ^ the fnne Kav and T.ib.ij'ct) on the Eaft, Chiip.i and the South Sea on the South, and the fame Sea and Tt.ifcila on the Weft. It runs near too Leagues along the South Sea, 50 along the !5av of Mexico^ and ex- tends near 1 20 I eagues along the fide of Tl.ifc.il.i, but not above 50 on that of Chi.ipa. In it are comprehended feveral ancient Nations or Pro- vinces, the chiefeft whereof is the Valley of r;«.«- x,ir /, giving Name to the red, and that of Mar- qilefs del I'^.ille U] t'efdiri.trid C'ortrz., the firll Con- querour of that Country, being 16 I eagues in length, S) S*>uth from A^cxicn^ and in 18 De- grees 1 atitiide, according to Hfner.i Ani\ others. Here are (jold and Silver Mines, Cryftal, and fome Stones of (mail \'alue, and the I and pro- duces much Wheat, Cacao, Cochineal, andCaf- fia Hiliila, of which the Curious may fee a par- ticular Account in Fiimcis Ximctics. The Air is (erene and healthy, and much Silk is made here, beranfe they have W'oiids of Mulberry- Trees, which Productions make all the Natives live at Eafe, and in great Plenty. There are reckon'd in this Province 5^0 confiderable Towns ol the Natives, befide»ab(>vre 300 Villages, ami among them above 120 Monaileries of Religi- ous Men, and feveral Colleges of Clergy. Except the X'alley of (n:.ix,ica, moft other Parts are Mountainous, and vet extraordinary fruitful in all forts of ur>.fiil Trees and Plant-. All the Rivers roul Cjolden Sands, which the Natives ('ometimes take the Pains :o gather, and (ell for Provifions and other Necelfirie-, taking no care as long as tiiat lalls to labour for any more, but when their Stock is fpent, they repair to the Rivers again. That which was formerly the Province ot Afijhc.i, runs along between 'Ti.tfcil.i and the \'a!ley of O'tixati, I'litcpeijuc is on tlte South of the laid \'a! ey, Z-iporcca on the North of it , and (tiriz.ichilio towards the Eall, but at prcfeiit all thefe, as has been laid, are comprehended under the ^rovince of Ou.i- .V./f.(. Anteqiicra is the Capital City of this Province, a Billiop'sSee, 80 Miles South of /1/ev/fD, in the Iweet X'alley oi CiniKici, on the Road through ChLip.t to GiuriM.d.i , and it is fometiines call d by the Name of the Province. O'.r^c is much milfaken when in ipeaking of the City and X'al- ley of 0'/^;v«i.', he lays the L.tter is 15 Miles in length, and ten in breadth, whereas nothing is more certain, than th.it it is 40 Miles in length, and near 20 in breadth, if we may believe all the Sn.iniii)d.< tiiat ever inei.tion'd it. To return ti' the City, it contains 'everal Thouliiiid (•ainilie*., Spmiirdi^ and Natu'es, and has a very llately Cathedral. The next Town of Note is 5. lUforjj de lis Ziputnit', ,".0 1 eagues from j-/«tfi7.Yf;./, leated in a Territory rich in Ciold, Cotton, and Indi I'l Wheat, and on a Hill, formerly the ilibitatioiiit liidiiM) , call'd .1/ .;<(', who were tall of Sta- ture, aiidhad^reat beards, wliitli was a Rar;(/ 'N EW.SPA1N, 16:^ in /imeyitt. The third i> S.trti.n.''', c.ili'd Ncxn- /).< from t!ie \';ilk"v it ftandi in, th- (oiirth £//)/- riiH S.vno in th^- Diilriil of (.j:<ax,uv.iko. Tabafco ts a final! iM.uitim;.' I'rovince, extending a- hmt. 40 I f.:ii',iHS (rrm Eail to VVcft alonu the (nilpli of Aiotiio^ whicli is its Northern Boun- davv, but the breadth is lefs, and on the F.ai^ it joins xnTitc,itan\ on tlie Soutliit is parted by Mountains from ycr,i P tz. and Chi.ip'-, and on tlie VVelV it has the Territory of Ciiia'^atoalco of the l-'rovinceof (iiuxact. Mort wf iliisCountry is flat and moiil,witbmany Marflies and 1 akes, breeding abundance of Filli. The Air is exceliive damp, by reafon it rains 9 Months in iz, and it is no lei's hot, which breeds infinite niiiltitodes of Gnats-, yet the Soil is rich, protUicint!,inur!i /«^7.»h Wheat, and Ca- cao, «licn'in conliils the principal Wealth of the CoMtitrv. The Natives of this Province were '.•xtrac.vdinary driv.kers of Cjoc.il.tte^ and from them chiefly the Sp.miards learnt it, and havefi'ue impartid it to all i'/ocpc lie only ip.;;"/// Town liere is call'd Tabnfco, nr All j}' :i Se>ii>i:i de ht r.'triri.-}, that is, onr La- dy of \ i^lcTV, from a j^reat one Corrci obtain 'd thereat his fiill Arrival. The River Grij.itva here is lar|.;,e, but lliallow within iie Month. Thrc I cagnesfrom the City another River falls into the Sea at two Mouths, one of them pal- fing by the Town of T.ib.ij'tinillo, tlie remainder of that of Potonchmt^ Cortez. found at liis Land- iii(4 there. There is another River call'd S. I'e- tcr and 5 PmiI, wliicli has a narrow Mouth, but deep, and very clear, and (warming vvitli excellent Fifli. IIk Mcxk-ius, whilft tlieir Mo- narcliy Hood , had (.■arrilons throughout this Country. This Coaft , from September till the end of Af.inh, ib (ubjefl to tempeftuons North, North-ealt, and Nortli-weft Winds, which ren- der it dangerous Sailing in it during that time. Yucatan Had tliis Name given it in the Year 1517, when Frctncis Hcrn.videz. firft dilcover'd it, and was then thought an Kland, as well it might, being a Peninfula, running out into the Sea ico leaguis in length, and join'd to the Continent by a very narrow lllhmus at 'Eib.ifco^ and ^'''■■» J'lt, Its Situation between 16 and f\ Degrees of North latitude, theCiulph of /i/ci/fo walh- ing its Well and North (ides , and that of Jhndiir.is the tall and South, excepting only the Ivnall Ifthmus, or Neck of Land above-nicn- ticn'd. The Temper of the Air is very lirit, and tliere is never a River in all this great i'enindila, wluth, iieverthelels, lias no want of Water, fiiiuui^h the innuinerable iiuiltitiide of Wells. Wherelbcver ility dig up the land, they find abundaute of Slicll^, whiih, witli the lowiiels of the C^ountry, and llialluwnef!, of the Sea a- twut it, li.ive uiv>.ii iiuiiy luificient ground to believe ilur the greaielt Part of it was once i.iaUr Water, llieir Winter begins in Oilo- it', and lalis nil the end of Almb, during v.lnch time there is Icavce any Rain, but in '■ iininer , be^innnig in ./p //, and lalhng till the ';.J <>i Scinc'.bsi It irtins coiitiiuially, yet they Sow and Reap, but it affords no Ftiropean Grain or Fruit, nor does it yield any Gold or other Metal. The Natives us'd to'lliy, thev had a Traditi- on from their Fore-fatliers, thit the tirll Inhabi- tants of the Country came thitiier from far Kaft- ward, and tiiat tlieir God liad parted the Wa- ters on both (i<<es for them to rafs. The .s>j- ri.irds add, that in this only PeninCula they found (oine Ihadow of Baptilin, which the Na- tive's calW a licond Birth, or Regeneration, lookijigupon it asa fecurity again(tallthe Snares of Evil Spirits. Tliroughout all this Province they found many Striii'hircs of Stone , which they had not before leen in any other Part, and thefe were their Tem- ples. At prelent the Country is full of black Cat- tel and Horfes, and produces much Cotton and Indigo. A Ridge of low Mountains runs froin the City oiSM.tm.wca in the Wefi:,(iuite acrol^ the i^jvince to the F.aft, and divides it into two Parts, the Sourhern whereof is ill-peopl'd and worfe cultivated , for want of Water -, but the Northern is very populous, for tho' t!ie Sun be very Hot, it is moderated by the conihnt Bree- zes. However the Mountain Country is the heal- thieft. The Capital City is Aferida, about iz Leagues from the Sea, in 20 Degrees of North latitude, wliich is the Refidence of the Governour, and a Bifliop's See. The next is KilbdoUd, 5 1 Leaftues to the South-ealV of tlie other, about which there arc above 5COOO Indians wlio pay Tribute to the Sp:iniM-ds. The thircl is Campahc , almoil 50 Leagues South- wed from AFerid.i, on the Shoar that looks towards A^etv-Sp.tl/i. This Name was given it from a Ibrt of Wood like Brazil, us'd by Dyers, wheroof great Qiiantities are tranfported into Europe. C.impetht is a fair Town (landing on the Coail 111 a fmall bending of land, and is tlie only Town on all this Coalt that (lands open to the Sea ., it makes a fine fliew, being all built of good Stone ; tl'e lioufes are not high but the Walls very ftrong,the Roofs flattifh after theSpj- iiiflj falhion covcr'd with Pan tile. There is a (trong Citadel or lort at one End planted with Guns, where the Governour refides with a fmall Garri- fon. Though this Ft)rt commands the Town and Harb<jur,it has been twice taken, lirft by Sir Chri- Jlop'^er Mints by Storm in 1659, and the fecond tiineby the Bucaneersin 1678 bv Surprize. The Town is not very rich, the chiefell Manufafturc is Cotton Cloth, which with Salt is tl>e Trade of the Place •, formerly it was the Market for Log- wood, but now the EngUjh from 'Jamaica Land in the neighbouring Countrey,and Cut it themfelves. 'Tis on account of this Commodity that the Bay of Ciw/yift/;;- is become notable. Logwood '\<i the Heart of a Tree tliat grows ig this Country <jf i'licaran ^ and no wliere ell'e. The Tree is like a White- Thorn but mudi larger,being fomctime 5 or 6 foot aboar, the outer part is white, and therefore cut away till the heart, which is red, appears ■, tliisis uilful in Dying, and therefore a valuable Commo- dity. It is but within 20 or 30 Years paft, that the l'!i,clij// have known the Tree -, which they; firft found out at Cape C.iroib the Eaft- point of this Land, but Iiaving foon cut all near the Coaft there, they have fiiice cut it at the Kllimus which they enter at Trie/ie Illand, (eated at the bottom of the Bay , about 40 Leag'ws S. W. trom Campeche. (^D.i/npia:) U o o 2 Laftly, If ^ !' 11 i6^ MEXICO; Or Liftly, S.i/.^wdwf.iftandsyol.eaEUCsSoiith-weft row ( , and Well ward tli.it ef rw.<., •lu-.^'iui'd from AUiid.iy is in aDillnOV which was formerly bv/l/f.v/f.w. In all thcle l-'rcviiuc'., wlii-icothi'i' Call'd ClictciH.il. Ciwpecljc \\\\i aiiothor Province, where is now the City of' the fame name. Cochu- aquc was a Mountain Province, where are the Towns of inlina and Ch.ihh, and next to it is that of CiH ti^vnU. In the North eall was the Territo- ry of C'ntch'n!i:.it, adjoining to it that of the Co- Authors are not nam'd, we have pniKipallv fol- low'd tlic inidoubted Authority of itcrnru^ and where he fails, Liter, O'o/iiar.i^Oviitio and .S (///(,//. I. etiis next proceed to the Dilojvery, (.'w:i lucft, and Ancient Hillory. CHAP. IX. Containing the Difcovery, Conqucft, and Hiftory of NEW-SPAIN. Columbus haviiiE; firft Difcover'd yimcrica , beginning with the !(land«, and tlien pro cecdinji to Gnne Parts of the Coiitiiient, fevfral otiier Adventurers fet oiit/ome from 5p:/;V/, and otliers fri>m the l(land> already fubdu'd, to make their Fortunes by findins lime New 1 aiids. In the Year 1517, t'rMcis HcmanJcz. tie Cordov:!, fell upon the Coaft of Tuctt.tn, and difcover'd from Ciripcehe, as far along the Continent, as 5. Jnlmtir Vlt.i. In 151S, jjli'i de Grij,itv.i, fet out by J.ttr.es yel.ijiiiiez, Guvernour of C'/i.!, rail aloiij; tlie fame ro,ii>,butdid nothint; of moment. That fame Year thdinindCnrtet.^ ^vas fet out by the fame Goveriiour of G(/'./, witli 10 Ships, 508 Soldiers and 109 Sailers. His firft Conqucft was over the Town of Takifio , but removing thence he came tt) 5. Jolri de Vlv.t in 1519, where he contnui'd fome Months, and having broke up his Ships, that !iis Men miftht have \\» Hopes of retiiriiing, and K-aving a Garrilbn I'l the Fort he built^ he in //«<«// advanc'd with 400 Men towards tfie Province of T/.//(.//^/, which was a Potent Cominunwe.iltli, and always at War witli tlie inii^hty Emperor of A/f.v/co, Alnmet.um.'i. TIk 'nij'cii!!.!»' fearing left the Spmiiardi iliould prove Friends to tlieir Enemies the Mexic^wi, re- (lilv'd toule their utinoft Endeavours to deftroy them. Accordingly they laid ^cxJooMen in Am- hufli, and loco others appearing drew the Sp.i- tiinrdi into tlie D:i'is;er. who they were very near perilliing,bcin^ enrlos'ciand in a narrow Compafs, till lo'ciiig through .and (jpening themiclves a way, when tlif y had more Room for their few Horle and (nnis, they loon made ilieir Enemies retire. TlK-y being thus worfted, drew out all their For- ces, amounting to above looooo fighting .Vlen, wherewith they attack'd Corre!. tiiree Icveral Days, and were every Time routed witli won- derfiil Slaugliter. This Succefs of fo few Men a- cainft fiich mighty Numbers fo very much daunted nK'ILifit/Lut.i, tliat rhey prefently lent to fuefor Peace, whicli was williiuily granted, and Carte:. with his Forces receive! into the City. There he cntcr'd into fucli a ftrirt Alliance with the Com- monwealth , tliat tliev never after forfook lum, but prov'd faithful to the SpMiunds in their ut- inoft Extremities. Tills Kepiiblick was creeled by a Race of Peo- ple defrended from the B.irbarous ChUhimecas^ who took PoiTellion of the Country, expelling tlie ancient Inhabitants, and fetlinga Republican tiovcrnment, maintain'd War agiiiift /t/eAr/to 70 ■^ears, their own l)omiiiions being 50 Leagues 111 l^xteiit, naturally Stroiii'., very trunlul in Corn, .uid extraordniary Populous. Coftei. having refrelli'd liisMcn xxTl.tfcal.t^not- withllaiidini', all Perfuafions to the Contrarv, fet out with aKei'ohition to enter the City of ^l/cvi'. r«, as he did, and was receiv'd in friendly Man- ner by tlie mij-jity Emperor, .'/".-./fc rm.t. To give Ibineldeaof the Cne.itnelsof this Monarch, it is fit to oblcrve, liiat h- had every Hay ;ccoL)ilhcs (jf Meat, and as many Bowls of their Wine ferv'd up to his Dinner, and neither Dilli nor Napkin was ever us'd by him twice. His Palace had three fpatious Courts, and many Stately Rooms 100 Foot long, befides abundance of lelVer Cham- bers 25, or 30 Foursquare, and 100 Baths. Every Thingaboutthele Rooms was rich, andthegrea- tcft part of thfm were taken up by jcoo Women, and the Gardens and Filli-nonds nelonging to it were amazing. The City was Stupend;oiis, for it contain'd 60COO Houfes, had three great .Markets, where all Thin^^s iiectlT,iry for Human I ife were Sold , and above ^cocxd Boats were coiitinu.illv employ'd in the Service of it. The Temples were many , the j.',reateft a ii.iglity Pile, but mod remarkable fir the Inhuman Religion taui^ht and praclis'd by the barbarous Pnelh, who there fa- crific'd Thoufatuls of Men every Year, ripping our their Hearts and llieddin ; t!\ir Blood, wiiicli caus'd an mtokrahle Steiu!i,alt that could get am Part, afierwarcU lealhng upon t!ie liodies of thole luimaii \'ichin<. But let us retiirii to C rtc. After. .1 conllc!e- rable liay ni Akxiio, ibllrving that the Peopl: grew weary and routriv'd his Deflruchon, he leiz'd the Great Kniperour M'jme:.iii>: t, thiiikiiii^ by that .Means to I'iCiirc Iiimfelf, and govern ab Iblutely in /1/ce/fj, receiving infinite Sums of Gold and Silver by way of Tribute. Wliilft lie was in this Prol'perity, Jaum [■^etifjiiez., the Go- veriiour of 0//;.i, who had fet him out, kiunving that he acf>ed for Iiimfelf, without acknowledging who had employ'd him, lent I'.tmfila A'.i>\;ic:. with 18 Sail, and in them 85 !!orfe,8co Footard 1; Pieces of Cannon to reduce him by Force. Cortcz. hearing that thefe Forces were 1 anded a- gainft him at f-'cr.i-CiM :. , left I'eter dc yUvar,ida vvith 150 Men to keep Pofleliion at AiexUr, and march'cl away himlelfwith the Reft to meet A'.i;- T.ffi, to whom he lent feveral Melle'igers with Propofals of Accomaiodation , all of wliich ma- iiag'd their Hulinefs Ibdexteroully that S'.irv.ic-Ji own Men began Ibon to be agamfthim, and ma- ny forfook hun. loputan Lnd to tlie Coiitro verfy, Cnrivz. lurpri/.'d him in his Qii.irters at Ze/fip'hil.i., took liim P iliiner, and all the .Men t ime over to lus Service. Ihi-- whence piy'ti. As to t; reyii , wl /l/r.v,r-,(l being red Ml /J/f.V. l)a\s, wit was With from a \Vi gave him lella raili riy Inch a.' t wo Spoil, lers, aStoi relented t Subjc«' iatioii to conliderab as was bel: theWiHii'i more likel loving to (■'orrt i. to f.illcf reve bill! by liii of Ins l\',u It, and i.u in tnan\ they left th lation, aii[| N ElKS P AlK 265 I ' ii cl.'iU', he iTfiirii'cl witli all fpefd to Attxi- »rt 'ori'lViK' Ins Mcti, wlu) he licard wire 111 Di- :'uis, till' ( iiv takiTi:^ iip Anns ai^.niift I'lirui. I hire \x was hrliiy.'d by the wl'ole Miiltitutlc nt flu- Fdwi) , who made lurioiN Attacks upon liis <^ii:irtiTs and were llill repnK'd with incredible S'.iiii'.Iucr, v<t t'uv abated imtliinu of their lnrv, l;i-'t;i; all rell.Wil ti) perilli, or diftrov the .V/m- ,' .< -df. Ill tiiif, Cuiirz. feeinpj no I'.iid ol liis Coii liiieinent, and liiat he miiil iiihcr be llarv'd out, or oprrviVd by Numbers, h ■ march d out, fouj^hi his Way throtii^h all tlie Citv , with tlie lols of xyoof in-i Men, and all the Cannon and Baguage, bclkKs 40 Horfi.'', and 4000 Clonlcderate Jiutians. Wlu-n tiiev were i;.ot out into tiie open Country, the y1^<A-/f.<'"puriird li.-veral Days loM^'.er, killum above ico Men more .incl loinc llori'es, but at Ult the poor remainder i;ot life to '/'/.i/t ;/;, where thcv w'erefavunrabU receiv'd, and fupply'd with all 'l'hiiui,s ilie\, ciiukl delire. 0;»7fiiiavintJ retVeOi'd his Men, loft no Time, hut fubdu'd tlie I'rovince of Tepeic.i and other I'.irts, and liavinn provided all Necediries, and 13 Imall Krii;antines to Sail on the Lake ui'A/txi- (v, which he rarry'd over Land, lie march'd out with about Sco Spii.'i.iy.is and looooo TLiJchImis, with which lorres he laid Sies»e totliat vail Citv of /I/c.v/ff, fubdu'd all the Country about it, and at l.ilt m.ide hiinlllf MaiU-r of the IMace, by which he brou!ii,ht under a t;reat I"mpireiind made Way for his future Succelies, for hence enfu'd tliefub- duing of Mn l"><-'C in, C;;m.v.«v/, 7 '.ibnjco and Tin ■!■ tiin. 111 a continual Courfe of Succelfes, and tluis was laid the loundatioii of all the enfuiiiji Coii- qneih i for from hence, i'ume Ipreail tikiiifclves into the Northi-rn I'arts as far as 40 Ueftreesof latitude, as has been lliow'd, and others delcen- ded towards South ^moici AuA Peru, which could not have been lo eafily coiuiuer'd but for the precedint; reducing of all that Continent of iViir Sp.iin, where Sp.miards began to fwarin, and whence thoie Eiiterpriiies Southward were lup- ply'd. As to the Manner o{Afontcz.iim.i'i Death, Ho- rem, who law aU the Orignial Accounts trom /l/f.v,f',delivLrs it tiius. CuircL and the Sp.ini.irds hang rediic'd to threat Dilhelsm their Quarters, Ml .i/f.v.io, the hidi.ins attacking them for feveral l)a\s, with unlpeakable Fury, Aloutiuon.i, who was with c «vfr;,o(rer d to fpeak to the Multitude hum a Window, hoping to appeaic them. They gave him a Hearing, but as loou as lie iiad done tell a railing and reviling ol hun b;tterlv, and let riv (uchaSliowerof ArrowsaiidStoiie>, tliatiiu)' two i^p.niUirds iJood to cover him with their Buck- lers, a Stone hit him on the Temples. 1 le io hig'ily lefented this Aftront and the Dilrelpecl: ol Ins Sublet', that he would never futfcr any Appli- cation to tlie Hurt, which was look'd upon as in- coiU'iderable of it lelf-, \ti\K dy'd the 4th Day, as was believ"d ratlier of Cjnef and \ exatioii than tlie Wound, tho' it was not dreis'd. This was the more likelv , becaufe he all the while appear'd loving to ihe SpDiiii.ds, and at his Death cliarg'd Corw:.. to take Care if his Children, and not to fail if reveii;.iiu,4the AiVrontand Indignity otfer'd hiin by his People. Jitjji.i gives the lame Account of his Death, onlv addnu;, that the /«//.!«> deny it, and lay they found his Body Stabb'd ihroiigfi 111 tnauy l^Lices , in the .S;./';.y/; Q;uu-ti.r>, when they kftlhcm. 6'w.vj,;--..' agrees with //f/.e/.A Re- lation, and (i.hy dt'livcr^ the la \k ; lo ili.it there dii>- not appear any Ground toiiucftion the Truth of tlie Faa. Having thus brieHv run over the Dilioverv and Conqueft oi Aftxico, it only vem.iiii'!, that we add loinething of its Hiftory , whidi rrult need> beverv obiirure, it being well knownth.it tholl- I'fople had no ufeof 1 titer'^ •, to make (ome amends for which Want, they had a ibrt of Kunt- ing, which with the Tradition deliver'd down by woid of Mouih, preferv'd fomc little dark Know- ledge of former Ai'.es. It is iieedlrfs to run too lar back, where we are fiire of nothing but Fa- bL's, as there arc very many and thofe mcmllrous ones, about thefirft coming of the A^exkavs in- to that Province fo call'd ; whence they came they knew not, but that it was from the Northward, and that they were of tlie Race of the Chichmt- CM, to which they add that they left their former Seats by the Command of their ( jod Hiiitz.iliputUij whoafter many Years wandring, at length con- duced them to the l.akc, and Ihow'd tlicin the Place where they were to fettle , ereftiiig his Temple intheMidft, and dividing theinfelves in- to four Quarters or Wards about it, which were diftinguilli'd into other Siib-divifioiis, with every one its lelfer Tutelar God. When they were thus fetiled, they began to order their Civil Government, and in order to It chofe them a King, v/hich wis yUam.ipnhtU, the Son of a A'fcxn.in I'rince, by a Daughter of the King of Ciihuc^m. This rais'd their Repu- tation, which before ran very low , and there- fore the 7 i-p.iwcM, to whom they were tributary, opprels'd them, Hill impoliug new Burdens, and as their Stories tell us, demanding Fhiiigs above Nature, whicli ftill they perform'd by the Help of their God Hiiitz.i:p:iix.li ; hut thole Fablcswe may well pal's by. ytc.irmtpird. reign'd 40 Years inthis Subjeflion, anddiing left not the Crown to his Children, but give the People their full Li- berty to choofe his Succeflor. The Veople in Ret'irn made Choice of his Son fitdloiilfli, or H:iiul.:nhtli , who marry'd the Daughter of the King of yUcupHzaUoj or the Tep.mec.tr, and llie prcvail'd to have all the Tri- bute paid her Father to bereduc'd to only a cou- ple of Geefe and fome Filli, winch was a raighty hale-, but to cpialify this Joy Ihe dy'd, and her 1 iiisliand the following Year, when he had reign 'd but 15, leaving a Son at the Age of 10, whole name was Cbi/n.Jpotioca. Him they immediately inthron'd, and the City being in want of Water, becaufe that of the Lake was muddy, they lent to the King of jiutipn- Z..1IC0, to grant t'lem leave to bring Water from the Mountain of Cfj-iptt/rrpfc, which they did, but the Aqiieduft being of Canes, loon taircl,and then they lent to the fame King to demand all NecefTa- ries of him, for making a iolid Aqueduftof Stone. Tlkfe repeated fJcmands the Tep.wecas look'd up- on as an Affront, and therefore enter'd into a bloody War with tlie //cv/cm/, which made the old King die for Grief, and the Tepanccu ftealing hnoA/exIco by Night, murder'd the young C/;/- iHitlpipoc.i, 1 he Afexlcmf vowing revenge, elefted Ii.coatl, Son to their firft King, to fucceed in the Throne, and lie heading his People overthrew t!ie Tcp.: utcts, plunder'd anddeluoy'd their Capital City of .iu.tpiiL.dco, and purium^ thole that Hed in- to the Mountains, entir.lv brouglit them nnder bubjeftion, dividing tlie Liojtvand Lardi among hi'. ii«y r f mH .i>Vi| 'I. in f I iiii i66 MEKICO', Or, ills own MfiT. TIti« Siirrtf* onrdiirii^'d him to t'litlur I.nri.i|iri7.i>,,iiicl ;ici<)r<!innl\ !ii:iiinnucr'cl_ Tambi mA G'\''-i(.w, who bet'iiit' liatt I'lmccs i:^ thfiri)Wn,anfliilinolUlillr()V (I thc.SV«7;;/;;(7to.',\vho were the fiill Inli.ibitaiitsof tli.' Lake. Tlio Kim', of Cuiil iv.ii I voliMit.irilv fiibinitttd and own'd Iiim for his Sovercit;ii, hv \vli:chinMiis tIie/1/t.Vi- cans becimt M.ilK'r> uf ;ill .tbout thoin. Tliis was done 111 only 12 Yeai's /worf// leijiii'd, who ilieii dy'd, nnd AUljici.itf/:i^ tlic sth Kiiu'o bur of anotlicr la- mily was cholVn. lie firit bioii!;ht up ihciiiliu- jn.iii Cullom, that ii» Kitii^ IlionUl bL- Crowii'd till he had lacnfit'd (ome Caiitivcs taken b\ himltlt ill Way, and to this I'nrpole pnk'd a Quarrel with the IVople of tlio i'lovinieoi ClutUn^ Uyw wlioin he t(ii-k fcveral l^rilinurs and lacrifu'd thctn on his C^oronation-Day. Cii.iLo bein;" llib- dii'd, the new Kiii^; llill relolv'd to extend the Limits ■'! his Iviinnre, and artordin^;!^ was in continual Wars with hii Neijibouis. Yet he ere(;kd a (lately I'aljcclor biuil'eU', and a Tem- ple f )r his (.11x1, and dv'd when lie had reinn'd 28 Veai . The Elei'"tor$ meeting chofe 7/.;£.'f';W, Unkle and (ciier.H to tlie lali Kiiii^, who would not ar- tq'toi tlie'Mown, but ineierr'd lico-iiiii., Son to the late Kuif;,w!i'iiii \\\cAlex c un loon poilon'd, becaufc he was no Soldier, and lublhtuted liii Hro- t'ler ytx.i^.ic.ic ill lii% I'late. His tiiU Expedition 'v.isai^ainit the I'roviiueof Tl/K./.o/rr/ift, wliirh lie inlireiv liildu'd , as he did tlie City and petty K'n;^doin (,f 'I'LiicLlio, and dy'd aft^T a Rci^n of only II Years. The 8;h King was Ahitit:.otl^ wlio before his roroiiatioii, made V\ ar with the Oiiiix..i.nl.ws, and extended his CoiH|ue!ls a» far A^Ciii.ii.ni.dn. The Aiixu.in Story inloriiis us, tiiat at the D.di- fatioii of t!ie Temple ui i'J,:iti.ilipi<idi, this Inhu- inaii Kin-; lacriliccl 6.jcSo Men , m the cotnpals of four l;>i\,s. lliis L'evil dy'd 111 the iith Year of his .\^e. Next loliim was chofen Atonici.nm.'^ whom the Spiitii-^t\i> found on the Throne, and whole Name fii^nifies i\ngry Lord. Before his l-.ltitioii he ap- pear d extraordinary Grave, Modell, and Hypo- critically i\.elij;ious, which recoimiiended liiui to the Electors, and atlcr Ins Inlhillmcnl he lliow'd more of li:s liaughty Temper , turning away all his Sei vaiits o( tlie Common Sort, and refuliii^ to be lerv'd by any but the Nobility. Then he fubdu'd a Nation towards the NorthSea, whicli had revolted, and retununj; with abundance of I'riloners toSacntice, to.>kiuch mij;iity State up- on liiin, that he wa^oluiult ador'das at-iod. be- fore the comiiij'.of the Sjuan.iiUs^ the Jn.liaiii tell of many l*rodi\;ies, v.liich prela;j,'d tlie Dowulall of tlieir tinpire ; but iliole hollies are not wortli oblerviiii;. VVlkii Mui,ui.iwhi heard of their Ar- rival on lii> Coalls, he was much ama/.'d, and u»'d all Means to divert ilkiu I'rom toiniiiiJ to l/fi/iff, but tjod having decreed the Dtltruaioii ot that barbarous Kmpn e,all liu Endeavours were in vain, and C'-'/i^-^ oveithrew all Ins Lower, as has been lliown above. i^.iiihuiijfi-'. was chofeii Succellor to ,1.'m,7c- v.//.', but his Reitiii provd Ibort and iiiileiablc, lie lTiii?,tai<fii in Afixico h\ Coriez., The Account of tliole' Kini^s 1' miii!i tlic f.'.ine in Acf'-i, Ho- rer.i, (lom.Di , the Jiui. in painted Anna!<, Ltet and (itmclli^ all wliom we Iiave examin'd to i^ne tliis lliort Ahftra<F>. Only 6■.1^^ will have I'lt^,- lovinli to bo the firlt Kin^ , aivl Acimipltdt tli: lecond •, tho' all Aiithtii'. whatfoever make his Se- cond full and his lirft Second. If will eafily appear by wlwt has been fiid. tliat this Finpire was imthin;', near fo i^vcat as the hi- lii.iiis reprefented it, the fartheft Extent bcint; to the South ealK and that only as far .is 6'« )f/'/«.!/,j, and Northward it reacli'd but a verv little way ^ belides tliat Afcct)i>,ic.w,TI ilml.t and 'lepr.ic.i were never fubdu'd, and all of them lay witliina verv few 1 caiques of the City o( Afexiio. Then as for Duration, wc lind but Nine Kini;s to have fuc- reeded one anotlier, belkies tlie lall not worth inciitionini;', li> that in all Refpects this Moiiar- cli\ is infinitely inferionr to that ot Pern, as we lliall fee in treating of that Couiitrs . As to the (lovennnent, there Is no Queftion, but it was as politick and Civili/.'d as any other wjiatfiever, the ('rown bellmv'd bv Elefiion, but Afunteuma was become a mofV abloUite M iiiarcli, and there was bttlc to blame in his Manaj^emeiit of Temporal AlKiirs. Yet if we come to their Kelif;ion, titerelball wc find all the Ifirbarity and Inluimanity of DeviU ratlier than Brutes, for their Sacrifices as has been fiid wereof Men,and looco are faid to have been butcher'd tins way 111 a Year, not forsettiiij^ what was inflanc'd above of ^/;/(i/io//y llaujihtering 64080 in 4 r)a\>'. The Mniner was to ripout the Heart of the Xicftim and call it (iill leaping into the face of the Idol, the !>ody at the lame time beinR kick'd down the Steps tliat were before ir. To this End they fat- red the Slaves and eat tliem that were facrific'd. Tliey liad another curfed Lrae'lice, which was to flea a Slave and draw liis Skin upon another, who went ahout the City begging for the Temple in that F/iuipage, and ftriking Inch as would not give, over tlie Lace with (omc of the Skin. Chriftianity has long fince put an End to all tliofe HelliOi Praftices, the whole Nation being converted, and all thofe Diabolical Rites not fo mncli iis known among them. It is true , Men whofc Talent lies in railing at all tlie World, make It their Bufinefs to inveigh againil: thefe Peo- ple and the S'iniitrds both ■, but in all Countries it is likely tliere are more ill than good Livers, every Nation lias its Vices, and the J/idn/a arc not exempt from their bailings, which are none <if the (mallefl-, as cruelty, when they have Power to lliow it ^ Lewdnefs even to corntni<ting of In- ce(l witli their own Mothers and Sifters ^ Thie- ving, Cheating, Lallbood of Heart, Beaftlinefs in tlicir Way ot living, and Stupidity in Dying. Thele ancl otiier horrid Crimes have oblig'cl tfie Sp:wi,irds to treat them witii the utmoft Rigour, without which, how couUl lucii a Handful of Men, have prelerv'd tlie Superiority over lo many Mil- lions, as they keep under, notwithftanding the lo much inculcated Lallliood, as if the S Mi,init li.id delhoy'dall the Natives i but it is Time to have done with Afexiio and proceed. CHAP. NEPV.SPJIN. i67 C H A P. X. Of the Third Divifion of N B W-S PAIN, being the Provinces Subica to the Audicncia, or Sovereign Court ofGUATlMALA. ^ |~^H 1 S great Diftrirt, under which are fcve I rill Provinri''i,as we (hall (bon fee,is bouiid- -*• cd b\ cHl' I'rovinces of Giuxac/i and Ti- h.tjin^ which arc the iitinolV of llie linirdidion of the Soveri" ■" Court of / fexico, and this is all tlie Houmlar^ has by 1 and lo the Northward, all the other 'orthern and Eaftern Part beinji' walird by the North-Sea, except that fmall Neck of 1 and on tJK- Eail, whit!) joins fertteni to the Province of TVtrr^) FjVwjc, or the Virm land, of Soutli Atntrici, which \ialt all tite South md Well fide to the Northward , is again cxpos'd to the South Sea. 1 he 1 tni;th of it alon^ the South Sea, from Sinith-eall to North-weft is above 300 leagues. The Breadth io very uncertaia, bcinj^ 150 IcaRties where hrgeft , and not jo where iiarrowelt. The Name of Cnatimalrt is j^iven it from the Province of that Name, and the City of Sjiitiap^n We Ciii.iti/nnt I ni it, where the SovereifV' Court is fixt. ThisCoi itry as it is now divided into fe- veral Proviices, fo was it bcfor-: the Sp.wi.irJs diliover'd it, lubjeft to an intinite Number of Cacique, or Petty King", or Lords, every little Town or Village having a I'linee of its own, as fliall be lliown in the Partii ular Defcriptions. The DilVoverers and Conquerors werealfo ma- nv,aiid very great tlie l.ofTes (iiflain'd before thuli- Petty I'rinces could be brought nnder •, but the i)efire of Wealth overcame all DiiTiculties, for no lllandor Part of the Continent Iiad ^ivcn grea- ter Hopes of mighty Trealure in (iold than moll of this. Wherel'oever Ships touch'd upon this Coaft, they met with Plenty of that Metal, and Chiapa. Soconufto. Vera Paz. Guatimala. Honduras. SCinlid Real. Chi.ip.1. J a: pat I. in. Ctp.inaiutzjla. {a. the more Covetous the Spam\trds appear'ii of it, the more Pains the Natives tcxik to ciaivintc them of the great Plenty there was of it far- ther on. The Natives were not fo Salvage as fome have endeavour'd to rrprelent them, they had all ra- tional Forms of Government, and (omc of them better Notions of Religion, tnan mofl of our An- cient Idolaters, tho' tnc Generality were ftupid enoui;h. Their going fo naked , may rather be alcrib'd to the Heat than any want of Under- flandingtoCloath themfelves. For Fertility fcarce any Parts exceed i! the Fruits are infinite of all Sorts. Indian ("orn is every where Plentiful, the many Waters produce Plenty of Gral's , efpe- cially along the Hills,which Feeds numerousFlockg and Herds of Cattle. rhefe (Countries abound in Cacao^ before men- tion'd, and now well known to us, oeing the Nut whereof Chocolate is made, a Drink generally us'd by all thofc People, who had no VViiie, as both >-/(»/?.( and Xc'.fwn teftify, who inform us, that the Nut pafs'd among them for Money, 5, iO,;o, ^o, or a greater Number being r,iven in exchange for other Things, and that contiiiu'd many Years, being fcarce out of ufeat thisTime •, and the Li- quor made of it , is well known to be pleafant and nourilliing. The Divilionof this Government is into Eight feveral Provinces, eidi of which contains (everal Petty lordOiips or ' . tions u( Indians , as they werebctore tlie Comiuell, but fince r.-duc'd iuto tlie preiL'nt Form, with luch Principal Cities, or Towns, as are here fpecify'd. lop.i "i Ciuvettiin. 7t''c>a Pa:.. . AHguflin. ' Santiiigr, \San Siilvitdor. .Im Vrinid.td. )S. AligHcl, Xeres. Cl'Mildnlul. y ;>■</(■/.() a Dios. yS. I'edrn. ' rruxiilo. 'S. George de Olnncho, Chiapa I; ;wi inland Province hoidcrmg Northwards on (7«.iv,(r.iand i./biijui, V\elUvard oni'otoH/'yt /, the lame on t!ie South, and I'n.i J'.iz on the L.ili. Ihe I ength ot it from Fait to Welt is 40 1 eai'.ues, aid ihei;reateft Breadth not mueh lei-. •, but then luine lV.its are miitli namiwcr. hour Nicaragua. Cofta Rica. N'eragua. )S.mt,t I \c\irl(!s. (^Pa)ita. Leon, GrMi.id.i. ^Sep^ovia. Jiien. Re ale] 0. . Aran]nez.. \CartJgo. ^Ca/lra de Aiifiriai (_ Nicoya. L-i Cunccpcion, nidad, Fe. Here are ^reat Woods of Pine,Cyprefs, Cedar, Oak, M\, rile and Walnut Trees, wiin wild Vines rutunng un tliem, which Ximcnes particularly dc- fcribes. And for thole Trees which diitill Aro- matick Gums,thore of Liquid A'nber,Tacamahaca, Ci>i)al, and others iii.it vieUi iovereign Balfam. All Kitchin HerKs and salads grow to PertecTion, asalloHeans, which once ln.vd lail rv.'ial Years ir Tribesof IndiMs formerlv mliabited and Colewiirts growini', to a wonderful iJ'.gnels, % W'\. It M '% \i \k ■Vil I;: •.! ii i-n 'M it, being Oj(// nejes, thciJe^'UJ, the /iW/^J/c; and and yet I'weet and teiuur. the i^f/f'/o. Among ^1 1^8 M EXICO', Or, Amnnn ttie Birds of Prcv Ximettti tells us of one, tlut has one foot likca dcMife, and flic otiier like a FauUon, about the iiikiiicfs of a Hcii, and not unlike it, the Feathers white, with fome mix- ture of brown, it lives upon Villi, and being much in the Water the Gotile's loot ferves it to fwim, and the Faukon's to fei/.c its I'rev. Hefides this, there are moU otlur I'orts of wild and tame Fowl, and partirularly moll beautiful Parrots. All f.iur-l'ooted BeaiU brought from Spiiti., as Cows, Sii'.'cp, Cjoats and Swine luve multiplv'd to Adinirati'iiii but above all the Ilaceof iforfes here is [o valuablCjtliat they lend Colts to A/exiio, tlio' it be 200 Leagues olF. <M the Wild Bealls4t willbe needlefs to liiv i>iiy tiimn, they be-ii^ I'ucli asareofttn meniioird in other Places. The worll i», here is iiu leli Pleiitv of .Snakes and other ve nornuiis Crcati. ros, (oinc of tliofc laft iiam'd urow- injj to 20 tout lon(4, and amonn tl eai fomc of a cuiious r lid and llreak'd witli black and white, and tliefc tlie Natives call, the Motlieis of the Ants, and wear tliein about their Neiks, witli- out any Harm. Tlie Cii.iprfis above-mention 'd breed tlie heft Hovfe^and kiinw liow to break them, and are be iKJes^'.real ^la!U■r^ in Mulick, Paiiitiiiji,, and Me- ehanak Aits^ litiu^; naturally very civil and tour teous,aiid obedijiu to their Superioiirs, orit^inally delc.iuled iVoai ^'u.ir.i^u.i, as tiiey declare. A- inoii", them the Sp.i,ii.iiUi found a pleafaiit N'alley encompaliid witii Mountains, and a Hill in the iiiidil i-f it, at ilie loot whereof, on tlic Hall fide, they built .iTown and call'd it CuuUd Real, or the Royal Citv, th^ Capital of tlie Province, 70 1 eai;iies North well from S.inii.ip,oikCiiiiii/i.il.i, This C"u^ bv particular Privilei^e is (jovern'd by AU iides^ or MafAillrates of their own Choojiiii;, and is a Billiop's Se»-, liaviii(;a beautiful Cathedral and Ibrne MonalKrui,belkles tlie I'arilli Cliurclies. 1 caimot iinpoJLupon t!ie Reader the lorjieriesof 0';.:(, tor i;i d.TcMbin^ tills Place, he is as much out as 111 all the Rcli, dividuv, it but into three Parts, wIki'ims, as w.is lliown above, it certainly rimtainstliofolour ■, tlkii he makes but one I'lace ot Ctiid.i.i lU.d and Chi.ip.i^ whereas tl.ey are two ililiiiiil iiiuib, tl:eoiie.S/i.(;/.//;, theotluT J/iiU.w \ and tiitrelore ue iiuill follow tlie ^p.iiii.»ils^ wiio know wii.a they have been fo many Years in I'of- kllionol better than tliat Strowler, who by the fillliowd ol Ins Account, mufl needs take all he writes iip.>ii Trull. In Ihort, Cutd.ui Me.il, as has beui fuKl :., the Capital Sp imp Town,about wliicii tliiie are iiaiiy ///</..;/; Towns, the Chief wheifeof i« rall'il Cii.ip I. _ rile next People arc the Zoqnes^ inhabiting 25 Towns, the Principal call'd 'Icip.tilan^ where there is .1 Mon.iiier^ of Doiiniiuini. The third the Zi/f i/(.i, dwellint.^ ill 15 Towns, and iowiiif; nuicl! Iniiuii^ Wheat , wherewith they feed great t^ciui of Swine , and have lo much Cochi- ne.il, that they colour their Houfes with it. The t'.)'jrt!i and lall are the i^nlo.ei^ w!io liavc 25 Towns, the Capital of theiii call'U Cup.i>i.in.iz.tl.t^ where i'^ d DominiL / Monatlery. TlicCIiiet Rivers here are, tliat ofCV;/,ip.i ruii- iiiiij; lioiii tlie Koithward acrol, the Couiitry of the ^V■<i^,^(, and after rcctiviiiji leveral lellL-r Streams, fai.j into the hea ot J'.ib.ijo. The other 1^ Rio m.iwo, or the VS'hite River, whole V\ater, lovers any Piece of Wood tiirown into it witli u hard llony Crull, and yet is clear and may be •bank without Danger. In the Village of (..i;.(»- atjree there liie Trade ot Cu.u., a cualpt, a l-Mftue and a Iialf fi'nm the Capital, i^ a curious Sprm;;, wimli F.bbs and flows, like the Sea, and yet is at avail Dillance from it. live 1 ea^ucs from the aforefaid City is aiiotlier Spring, which always fwells and overHows in the Hi.it of Slimmer and driei up in Winter. In the Town of ChiiomiiLeh there is a Cave, witli a very nar- row Entrance, but witiiiii of a vail Ipacious F'x- teiit, and on one fide of it a lake of moll clear Water, but llandin)j, and two Fathom dcepiuar the liaiik. Soconufco , The next Provinceto the Wellward, and cou- feipicntly bounded on ;he Eall by Chiupi^ and I'd-. I I'.iL, on tlie South hy (-ii iiimul.i, and the South Sea, on tlie W(;)l by the fame Sea, and on tlie North by (jh.ixiu.ihuA Chi.ipt. The Extent of it IS about 115 Lca;;ues alonn the .South Sea, and leli in breadtii where largill. The principal Wealth of it coiifills in Cacao- Nuts, wine!) by teaion 'if their nearnefs to tlie Sea, they ealily fend to all other Parts of AViii- Spun, and It is a lo'iliderable Trade. The Soil does not bear Wheat well, but any other Grahi trows well eiioiii;h. Tlie only Sp.impi Town liere is Kith by them and tlie Natives tall'd Ciuvctl.m, built by l)jii Pedro de Alj.iriuioy when he was Cmveriiour of thel'e Countries. Chilian tells us, that when he travell'd thtouf^h this I'rovince, which was in 13O0, tliere were very few Spimirdi, if lo, it is very mucii alter'd fince, for al' are many tiiere fiiice. bovc-fpoken ot", makes the Inhabitants very nth, and they pay their Tribute to the King in Kind, winch is carried to AAxau, and wcjuld be ot confiderable N'alue in Luropc. The Province is very lubjeil to Storms ;'ikI Rain from April u\\Stpte/nbc( , when lutii Flo. ids fall from the Mountains, tli.it there is no Tra- velling, and therefore tlioi'e who haec occallon to Travel to «r from the other Parts of AVir- Sp.tia during tliat time, mull go about, tho' this be the lliortetl way. Smhiicpcijiie, and Uu.il i- p.ic.iii, are two fmall Territories at the Eallern end v( Sdioiiii/io, very ill Peopled, the greateit Town of tliein not coiitainintj above zoo in- habitants. The Co.ill of this Province commences 7 Leagues Well of the River Ayiiil.t, fro.n wiiich it runs Nortii-well, and receives thole of C«.«/.i«, Ci- p.merc.il:e, Cd.nl, HiU-til.tii, Ani.ttinit , and Oii:i.M.itl.i>i, above which lall the Mountains divide it from Ciiuxata. \'cra l'a7. l-fad tills Name given it, fiiinifying true Peace, becauleitwas never concjuer'd by Force of .\rms, but only brouglit into fubjedlioii by the Preach- ing of the Dojninnuii Friars, wiio obtain'd it ot the Emperoiir Ch.irlei tlie Fiftii, tliat tiiey inigiit make luch a I'pintual Coiiquell, wuliout being diilurb'd by any Coiuiuerors , wliu.ii was granted Uiem, and puiiclually oblerv'd, lo tii.it 110 Soldiers ever came into the Province, wiiicli Wrts entirely, rcduc'd by only tiie Preatii- iiig of tliole Friars, lor tins realoii it lias ever reiiiain'd fiee troiu all Duties and Taxes, only receiving a Judj'.e from the SpMii.irds, wiio ule no 110 manner < Uiiying a vo Tribiiri.' to Truth, dell' Parts, as /i leveral otiiei in?, tiiat til that tlie .Sp* the famiitry and therefor it IS I'ot yet ; of ,1 To.vn thi".!!, vet tl it by the Fr miglity d^v\i more l)an:',ci before liim. Country beii few Sp iriiar, thith.r to Tl pals bickwa iinaguisble. Converters i rours, have 1 ly relpedcd ties granted Iiidaiice of t come to R.ira Tins I'rov ft, and Socim on the Lall by iu( ir,M, tlie tweet P,a Gulph of //« 30 Leagues, Country is r leys and thic rate enough, mucli ptllcr'( have been dv pleafaiiter. Near the ill a Rock, foiitiiiiiilly ( Peticfies, fo of Stone as '5 fo piercing ^r>!l is not g< ol rtrom:ir.. Canca, wind ai'd !o thick, I'Tallons c,f I Healls and 1 the Neighboi Tiie Lad I water'd by iiitoadcep II Hi), and til iiig a Sea-I\ lia"f never Ion above gi to live 111 1 ; living among have the wIk pie 111 Religi i^y tl;e A. a runcn Tr wtit and Sou d:i.i; on the '111 the Norr! NEPKST JtN. i6) no nnanner »!' Aulliuiitv tlicrc, tlic N.uivc* only p;ivi">;a v>)liint;ir\, AikiiowUilninciit rather than TrihutL- to tlio Kiim'. Iho* this be a known Truth, dclivcr'il bv all thit ever writ of tliofe l-'art'i, A\ Heircra^ Ciomar.i, Oviedo, Lict, and feveral oth -rs ^ yet (j<»i|f lliibbers this ov^r, fay - ina,, that tlic Iti'liitns of this Country heariiifj that the Sp.mi.irdi had ronqner'd C'li.itimii.t, and the Country al o it, \ lekleii tliemiclvts peaceably, and therefore it wa>> cilld K»n< /'.ii. He adds, it li I'ot yet all (ubdued by the Sp.wi,ird.i,Md talks of a To.vn of I zooo Inhabitants, not fubicifV to thi'.n, vet thi're were feveral SpuiiMtis f.)niid in it by the Friar h,' pretends went thitlier, with ini;;!ity danjier of his Life, as if heiould hem more Dan.i,er tlian thole he owns were there before him. Thi-. Iliews his If.norance, for the Country beini;, as has been laid, free, there are few Spifii:irds fittlicl ill it, only fome few >;o thitlur t.) Trade wiih tlie Native,, and others pal's bukwaul and torw.ird witli all thefafety nnai'.uiahle. Hut the i)omi>ik\ini, who were the Converters of the l^ople, or (piritual Conqne- rours, have fonu' MonalK-ries liere, beiiip, hi^ih- ly relpeeied, and prclervinii the fird Immuni- ties granttd to thole People in vi.)lably j another Inftance of tlie lame lort we lliall fee when we come to r.irayiuiy ill Sourh j4meiic,t. This I'rovinccis endos'd on the Wefl; by C/j/a- r4, and SHo,utk.,^ on tlic South by OiiMim.ila, on tlie tall by Huiiditr.^., and on the North by luiMiHi^ no Part of it but Golfu Dnlce^ or the Iweet Bay reaching to the Sea, which is the (julph of thiidnras. lilt length of it is about 30 LeaKues, and near the fame Breadth. Tlie <-ountry t>. moft Mountainous, with deep Val- leys and tliick WimkIs •, the middle part tempe- rate enough, but botii ends extremely hot, and much ptllcr'd with Ciiiats. Since the Woods have been dellro^'d, it is much healthier and pK-afauter. Near the Town of S. Anfuflin is a large Cave in a Kock, witli many others about it, which fontniuilly drop, and the Liquor which falls Peticnes, fo that it forms abundance of Pillars of Stone a; wlnte as Alabaftcr \ tlie cold within 15 fo piercing that it is not to be endur'd. The ^r>ll is not gfxxl for Corn, but produces all forts ot Aromar.ik 7'ieCr , as alio a fort of liaril Canc3, winch lometimesrun 100 Spans in heigth, and (o thick, that they will hold three or fi)ur I'jallons of Liquor betwixt two Joints. The He.ills and Birds .ire ^rvuh the fame here as in the Neti^hbouring Proviiu,, Tlie baft fide uf tins Province is every where waier'd by abundance of RivuletSi which all fall nitoadecp Bay,iall'd dullo Dtdce, or the Iweet bay, and that into the(;ulpliof Honduras, be- )iii', a Sea-Port to lIiis Country. The Sp.itn'.trdj lia"f never a Town in ilu> Proviiue, for the Rea- lon ab>)ve ^ivcii i but the N.itives are brought to live in 17 ojien Towns, fome lew Sp.r. .. ds living among them, and many Dommirans, who luive the whole Charge of inftruding thofc Peo pie in Religion. Guatimala, By tl;e hidi.ms call'd QjtJiucmMLtc, fignifying a rurt.cii Ti.'e, runs along the South Sea North- wtlt and South eall, and has A'ic.iraj:,H.i Awd Hon- d:i !• on the tall, a:'d Tfi-.j I'a:. and Soivnujco m the North. The Soil produces abundance of Cotton, and Indi.in, as alfo F.nrope.iil Wheat. Here is not much Kain, but when it falls it is very heavy, which is moll between April and Odobc). Tlie South Wind reigns moll, and the North is very cold and ftormy. All the Coun- try is Hilly, and full of Rivers winch makes Plenty of Game, and Filli, as there isof all lorts of l-ruit, and more efpccially of excellent Gi- c.ia, which yields a great Revenue. The ^rcat Plenty of Grafs occalions the breeding inhnitc numbers of Cattel. Notwithftandmg all thefe Advantages,tlie Coun- tiy Is not healthy, becaufe of the exceflivc Heat and M.illure, and very troublelome on account ot tlie innumerable Gnats, and other \ ermin. In the North-well Part of it is a burning Moun- tain, winch foinetimes calls out vaft quantities of Allies, very prejudicial to all tlie Cic<^io grow- ing near. There were feveral Tr'bes here for- merly, wliith gave as many Names to the Parts thev iiihabited, as the IXdcos in the North welt i below them the Pipela ■, more to the Soutii-eaft Chuliiteciy and towards the Mountains the Chom.des. The ancient Idolatries of thefe People were much the fame as what has been faid of their Neighbours, and fo for their Curtoms and Man- ners \ but at prefent they have all embrac'd Chrillianity, and learn'd much of the Sp.miff) Behaviour, living in perfed Liberty, notwitn- ilanding Cage'% Stories of their Slavery, for tiiey are as free as the Spaniards, as abfolute Ma- ilers of what they have, and they grow as rich as their Conquerours, if they are induftrious. Don Pedro de Alvarado conquer'd this Province in the Year 1526, under whom it immediately Hourillrd to a great Degree, and isflillreckon'd one of the richeil in tnofe Parts. S-inti.iga di (luitimala is the Metropolis, not only of this Province, but of all tnc others fubieft to its Sovereign Court, which is fet- tled in this City, which is feated in fourteen Degrees and a half of Latitude, 12 or 14 Leagues trom the South Sea, in the midll of a \'alley, divided by a River, and between two burning Mountains, which often call out Smoke and Allies, and fomctimes caufe Earthquakes. This is the moll hcaltliy Part of all about itj and no lets fruitful. It is a Bilhop's See , wno is SulFragan to the Archbilliop of Alcxiro, and be- fides the Cathedral and Parillies, here are two Monafteries, the one of Dominicans^ and the o- tlier of Altiienjii.ins, befides a good Hofpital, as there is generally in all Towns of any Note. In the Year 1J41 this City was almoft dellroy'd by an Eruption of one of the burn- ing Mountains, but is lince rcftor'd, and much improv'd, being counted very rich by reafoii of its Trade wiih^'tr'x*'', and other Parts. S.in S.ilviidor, by the Natives formerly call'd Cin.c.irl.in, is about 13 Degrees from the Line, 30 Leagues Snatb-eAR from Santiago deOu-itima- /.;, and 7 from the South Sea, and Port of A- 1. 1 u/;/./, where the Ships for and from Nen-Spain ufually load and unload. Here is another Mo- naftery of Domtmams. La 'Innid.id, by the Natives call'd Si?:jhnMe, is but 26 Leagues from ^M/iiai^o, and 4 from the Port of AnikMLi, and the Place to wliich all GoikIs brought fr>jm Icru and Mtxico to the aforeLid tiarbour, are iianf- ported, and it has another Monallery of Domt- nkuni. Tlic Town of S, Alifh.tel is about 60 P p p Leaiiues % iHin{ i/llt I 'Ml HHi ■')'' ;'l 'it; ii 13 <i w^ •3 il III nil :|1 41* -J :M IJO MEXICO', Or, I eaejiif s ftotn ?.Miti.tsp^ and ; fiom the South Se;i and F^.iv of /-'w/fr/j, whirh is its P>>it. Xertt i\e la Fronton^ the Lift SpMiiJh Town towards tlif Frontiers of /V/V.»'.«!;/w, .uid iv.ar 80 leajiiies from Sinti.i^o. Bf fulcs thefc Spmijh Towns, ni which fome Tlionfand"; of Native', live with them, there are fome Unnilrcdsof fmull t Indi.in Towns, and many Thouiands of fiatt "ring Countrv- Hoiifes, by which ir plainly appears tliat thefe Coiintries arc not depopulated, a> I'oine would iunilcate wifliout any (Vroinid •, tiio' they are not fo populous as mo(V Countries in iiirrpe, winch it is moll certain they never were, even be- fiuc the CorHjuelV. Honduras Extc'ids aloni;the North Sea Fall and VVcfla- hove i^oleanues, and may be iiear Oo leagues over fiom North to South in fome Places. l)n the North and \'..\\\ it is walli'd by the North Sea, on tlieSoutliit has Nic.ii.iyiu, and on the \\d\ (iH.uini.di, iwd t'lra ['h:. The f'ountry isaeticrallyditUiiRuilh'diiUoI Jills and deepD'.ks, and does not <inly prcnluce /W/w Com thru e a Year, but alii) Pmopf.ui Wheat, and I'cale, and has excellent P.idiue for Cartel', li) iliat it abinnds in all li)rrs< f l^rovilions, as alio Honey and Wax. Kclidcs here are Mines of Gold and Silver. Belkies wliat has been faid, it produces I'.reat quantities of extraordinary lar^'.e Oou.d'-, winch the iJiJp.inioia linh^ns call'd I liinin .is :, and the fniV Dilcoverersof this Country IIlmiu; many i>l them H.>a: .Uoiv; theCoail, call'd it (ijijodc Hi- I'itn.ii., or Kay of tiourds, and the Province it k\( Hitrut'-i ^ yet alterwards tindini; very deep Water «t the threat Cape of this lancl,tliev call'd \tCw'j lie JH'"idiir''\thAt is, Cape Dcptli,and t!te Country it fell i /'//■liur.n , or heptii, winch lalt Name prevail'd, and the other was forgot. The .incient hihabit.mts bem^ extraordin iry Sloa;!ifn!, u>d to lo\v lo Iparniijly tii.it iliey often were in Want, and forc'd to teed on Rviots, and even on many tilihy thiui;-^. At their t-ealls thev us(l to inaKe thcinlelves drunk witli a liirt oi Mttheglin. and then committed all the molt bwl'riy and anoinmablt Crimes, vvliich tlicy have rmce left olf by beiiii» converted to Clirilfiani- t\, and couverfiiu; with the Sp.inuiytl^. Only the better Sort were allow'd to drink Chocolate, liiitat prel'eiitit is common to the meanelt. Here is a Hilhop, and Iwur principal Spmujh Towns, bei'ides two of Ids Note, nut to I'peak of ihole btlon^'/.n;^ only to the Natives, which are very man^. I lie tirit and chief City is K.//- Itlhiid., whole /'.v/» !»/ Name \sCo>iimyagHf., about 40 Leat^ues from the North Sea, in a deli^Iitful \ alley, temperate and wholeliiine, the Country about Iwarmini; with Cattel,wliichiiicreaies there woiidei lully ■, belides very rich Silver Mines th.-re are witliin the liberty, jilorfo ileCmrrs built tllH City by arderof tlie liovernour hii.i- iK.ie A-Jomnii.^ in the Year 1539. This is the l<e- fiiliiice of the (lovcriiour of t!ie Province, and Miller the Kini'j's Ofticers, as alio of the Hilliop, w!v.) has here his Catliidral and I'alace. Flic ii.vt" Town IS call'd 0' .in.n .1 /^iwi, about 50 I eaj^ues Wellwanl of f^.ilLtiinlul, built in 1530, by U.i'ci'cl fi( Roi.iiy to lecure thole wlio wrouj^ht a! the C)i)ld Mines*, and bei-i^ abandon 'd, was .liter rcftuf'dby Oum..tluiic yilViir.ido^ in a very liard and rocky Soil, yet the Inhabitants, with much Pains, have j;i.od Corn, ar.d breed verv f^ood Mules, and fi^me Horl'es. .*>. 7\./-d, ^t ,s'. /V/f^, is the tliird, ;o I eai;'iesNortli-well fi<Mii l^atliidtiliil, and it from Fuotn Ae C.iv.ti'o.:, or tlie Bay of Horfes. 'Trnxillo the fourth, is fn. Leagues North- eail from l^.ill.t.ioliil , md one from the North Sea, haviim a fife Harbour ;it the bottom iif a bay call'd S. ('■//<•-(. The Verri- torv about it is fo food that it produces all forts of drain and Fruit, hotii of the Country, aud Fiirope. S. (iijixfdeOlii/iihu is the iiftli, abo'it 40 Leat',iies F.;'.ll from falLuUlid, iiihi-bited by very few Sju^iM-ds, but its Territory bvaru.i with Induiiu. The runnii't', out of the Perinfula of 7"/?c.- t in into ihe Sea, forms a very deep Bay witli the Coall of H'jndnr.ts^ on which there are iioi any Kivers of Note, nor indeed any coMfidei.ible Harbours, tliatcalld of C.rt.. (//-.., t,r the Horlc>, t.ikint', the Name trom many Horles call away there. Nicirat^uii V\'asfirft; calld the new kingdom of /.cw by the Cioveriionr y.imci Lupr: dr S.dz.id", and has Hondni-." oil til'.- North, the Nortli Sea on the lialf, Ciiji.i A'ii.i, and the South Sea oti tlie South, and the laino Sea and tin.itini.iLi on the Well, extending 150 Lea,',ues Kaff and Well, and about Ho North and South, and formerly contaiu'd Icveral Tribes of htdi.ms , whole Territo- ries were cill'd Niiny.i^ Neqiiechcri^ Afib\tc, Diii.i^ yi/uj.iv.i, A/.i/i.igii,i , Coiolo.ique, Cebi'uu., Miijiies^ and AJ.ido.i. Tlie Summer is excciVive hot, and the Winter rainy and tempelluous. The land is moll plain, yiekliiu', little Coni, but abounds in Fruit and C.attel, asallii Cotton, Honey, and /'/.v/, which is tlie Amdc 111 Pepper. Hie F'orefls cover a ^reat part of it, aiidconfill; ot all lints of Frees, cl'pecially one call'd Znh:, winch Hcrtcr.i fays lometimes grows lo biJ that 15 Men can I'caice I atiiom it. (Jvifdo writes, tliat on tlie Coall there is a lint of loni; shells, in winch they tinJ fome Pearls, but not lo ^'.ood as thole taken out of Oy tiers. The Natives were jorinerly much like t!ieir Neii^iibours as to their Culloms and .Manners, ami h.ive luice, like them, embrac'd Chrutiainty, and live like the .Spw.w.W.'. The moll re.nark.ible tbiiu; peculiar to this Province, is the tauuiu-; lake ot ^'ii.iriip^.it, ,1- liove 150 le.u',:us ill C'ompals, all the Shoves if it cover'd witli Towiib and \i Hashes o( the Na- tives, and ebl)iiij^ and Mowing, as the Sea does, T he flead of ii is not above 4 or 5 Lcat;ues trom the .Soutli Sea, and yet it runs into the North Sea, tliroUfih a Channel of a con.iderable breadth, whiih inii'Jn liave.illinded a Ihorter Palfatje into the South Sea than 'ly I'.in.mi.i, but tliai tiiere are leveral f^reat falls in it, where thole who pais up or clown limit oi neceility goalliore, and tranlport theuilelves and Cioods by Land beyond the Cataract. In tiie I ake there are leveral lllands, and It breeds abuialaiice ot lilti. L(oii dc Nic.i)a,\iii lb ihe iJapital City of the Province, feated about 12 l.e.igues from theSouili Sea, on t!ie Hank of Uie ti.reat Lake aboveinen tion'd, and the Relkieiice ol the Governour, and other Oiticers, as alio of tile Billiop, who h.is here a i^wd Cathedral, and P.ilue, belides which lli.-ie NEir.S PJtK Ifi tlure are five MvJii.id errs, ami iir^.xDO Natives witliiii its I ilieit\. Ne.ir tlie I'une liikw' ilaticis (i>\wmI I, till- I.tmiicI Cit\, irt I f.u'iKN from l.ea>i^ where h'l.in/i' llan.iiulcv df Co Jo v. i ewi\ed i uKUMiiriceiit C'uiidi, and a r»i>tl hort, tDoppoG: '.lie Natives before they were rubdiicd. Awiiit iliis l^laie urow abiindaiue of Stii;ar Canes, and tlie t^ji.iuiiirds have feviral Mills for makiiu', of the Siij^ar. The tlurd Citv is Scfi^ovia, jo l.eai;ues from biith the former Northwaui, in whofe Ter- ritory tliere are rirli Ciold Mines. The fourth IS J-ii'i, at the M' nth of tlie I ake, 30 l.eaf;iies from the Nortli Sea. l.iflly Kr.tlejo ^ feated a 1 eauiie from the \\>tt rall'd ri'lf./^mi. On the North eart end of tlic 1 ake is the burn inii Mountain, call'd Mifiyiit:w. very liii^li and lieiP, with a Rreat Moutli at tlie top, Wliiih liiid^ liirth ,1 thick finoak Moniin(;and F.veiiiii);, .[lid iDiiieliines i',ve.it iiuantiticsof I'umice Hones. Seven I eai'.nes fri'inihe C.ity (//-.w.*'.! is anotlier liuiiiii'j.', Mouiitaii; eall'd .l/i-//W/jc, moft covcr'rl with excellent Iruit trees, whuh are a delight- ful Supply to all tlie Country about. Hcncr., inlbniis us, tliat a Kriaronie conieited that tlie Mais of iiie wliifh rontinuallv burnt 111 this Mountain without beinj; toiiluin"d, could be no otiiei' than Gold, and tlierelbre eoiitriv'd a way to let down a j^reat Kettle, with a llrongCham to liraw It iiji, but no iiHuur the^ tame to the 1 ire th.ui both the Kettle and Chain melted, as if they had be.ii Lead. Cofta Rita, That is, the Kie h Coaft.fo rall'd by the firft Dif- e ivcier'-, from tlie i^ieat (in.intity of Gold they i!u'ie l>'nnd aiii./i,; the Natives, borders North- ward upon A',t.;c,j>;;(.; and the Northern Ocean, li IS t'le l.ime Sei,and AV>-.fi;«.j on tlie T.all, and the S.iuth Sea on the South and Well, with lomc Part if N.i-.:>,tpii on t!\e South fide , and extends about </J l.e-n^iies from Eull to VVeft,aiid about 50 in the largell I'l.ire from North to'-outh. As (or Produrt, it has muth tlie lame as its Neij;hbourini> Provinces, but is foinewhat Moun t.iinous, and that Part is for the moll part Har nil, yet Wealthy, as containing Mines of Gold .iiid Silver, vvhirh are not Co much made of as miti,lit be, for want 'k Labourers. The Sp.J";//!' 'towns here are four, lirft, .ii.in- ;.ci, feateti abo.it 5 1 eaj^ues from the South Sea, upon ">'e Borders of the Jiiili.iiis,t:M'{\ Cbumes, and not far from their chief Town ^ 2. Cartign^ .0 leagues from both Seas, being in tlie Mid- way betwixt liiem, fo tliat it h.is a Sea-Port on e.irli •, ;. l'.iJhoi.ifAiij}ii.i, near the North Sea. and the inoil iiHontiderable of the three, there neiiii; 110- ihini', but the Name in any Auiiior. LalUy, AV- ( VJ, which Ibine make a diftmiJt Province, but in reality it is only a Part of this. Ihe Town lies 1)11 tlie Sea, and lias a fmall Port on tlie C0.1II, near which was formerly the Sp.w://) Colony ,cair<i IWiiJl-h , afterl^'ardsdeltroy'd when ilKSp.i/il.irdi lell at \'.,; laiice among thcinlelves. On the Ni.'ttli Sea this Provi! ce hastwolarEC a:;d u nveiiitiu baysj that lyiii^ inoIl to the W'lU- ward cnirdof ."CT"""";', the other near the Fron- tiers of <•>)(.;/(/, Cnihtco. On the S-'Uh Sea, befides the Port of A'/Vtiv.j, it has fevcM' Bays, Capes and coiivenieiu aiichoriu,' '.'lace'- .',11 aloiijj the Coall. N'eragua , Thelafl- Province not only of the Government o\0'u.itim:il t, but of North ,-//nfr,-, jand the leall of them, joins on the Well to L''lr:t Rict. <»\ the ball to the (jovernment of I' :>i.ini:i, and has t!ie North Sea on the North, .oid the South Sea on the South. Tlie ureatell I eiigth of it from North to South is not above so Leagues, and the Breadth Irom Kail to Well z^. 1 he Clountry is moll Mountain. 'us and full of impenetrable VV'.M)ds, lo that itatiords little footi lor (.battle, and a> little of any (Mani, except only [om^ hidi.i,! Wheat and Kitthm Herbs;, but to make .imeiids italomids in Mines, and efpecially ot Gold, which are wrought b< fuch is have La- :> 'iirers, or elle tlie Metal taken up in the Sands ot the Rivers. The Natives were a bold daring People, and hard to be lubdu'd by the Sp^m.iid). The Capital of this Province, where the Go vernoiir and others of the Kings Officers relide, is call'd, the Comcprion, 40 Leagues Well Irom Numbrc de Dios ^ near the Coall of the f>i<>rth Sea 2. Li Trinidad, or the Trinity , .in open Town, leagues Eall from the C'u«(fpf/"", along the Sea Coall, the inland Way being almoll im- palTable, it Hands on the Banks of ihc Rivet Be- lot , J Leagues from the Sea. \. SatitJ Fr, 1 2 leagues South from theC.t/^crpf(w;,where the Gold is generHlly caft and refiii'd, and to that Purpofc the King keeps Officers there. 4. CdIoi, .iTowti on the South Sea. Ch ijtopiier Coliimbiu firft difcover'd thefc Pro- vinces we have lall fpoken of, in the Year 1502, beginning at Cape CafiuM , in the Province «S I liiiidiir ji, and thence turning it to the F.allward witli much trouble, by reaioii of the continual Fall VVinds,he lail'tf 60 Leagues to another Cape, which he call'd (iracusa Dioi, or Thanks be to God, becaul'e there the Land run away to the Southward, aCoiirfe he could better flaiid with the Fall Wind. Thence he fail'd down all that (loalt, Bartering Witli the y«^..(«',Looking-Gla!Tes, I lawk's Hells, Pins and other Trifles tor Gold, till he caire to I'oiio BrlL and A'o/nbie de Dioi, lincc two noted Places, we (lull have Occalum to Ipcak of, when we begin with South Amciica. This Province was particularly pitch d upon to reward the great Admiral Chiijtophcr '^Qlumbiis'i extraor- dinary Merits, and to make amends for the \'io- latioiiof the mighty Advantages he wasdepriv'd of, and winch were his due by Grants made to him, when he undertook the Dilcovcry. In Ibort. Ills Heirs had tills Province of /Vm^/i.; granted them in Propriety, With the Title ol Dukes tliere- of, which they hold to thisDav., and are of the rub 1 auiiliesof 5p.ii« futlitientl ennobled by lo glorious an Aftion,as theDifcoveriiig the greatell of the Four Parts of the World, which had been unknown to the other Three for lb many Ajjes. % •I -iiiii m m pppi CHAP: ifi 171 AMEKIC d N CHAP. XI. Of the Iflands. Newfoundland, aiul, about it. THOSE belonging to this North- Amertcn are very numerous, and the more becaufe it will be requifite to reckon among them all tbofc which lie dole to the Northern Coall of South- Amerita^ and miahl be reckon'd to belong to it, and this oecaufe tney all lie within that v.iit Bay , the North and South-Amtrica make \ for which Reafon it would be improper to part them. It will be needlefs to fay any thing of tiiole which lie in the Northern Frozen Sea, fuch as Miuisftild Illand in Hudfon's Bay, Cumbtrlami's l/les, between Hiidfon'% and J)avis's Streights, fAjjiimplioii. S. yohn. Cape Brttoii. Pttce. Magdden. Holy Crop, Ramte, Brian. Bird Ijl.tnd, S. Paul. Bell Ijlc. LSatid l/Lt»J. Bermudis, or Summer Iflands. 'Bithama. LMcayoneque. Cif^Hatiio. CuMaboftiy or , S. Sal- vador, Triiingutt. Samatia. MayomiittM, Caicoj. Lucayo Iflands. *( Tmeta, Colomtra. Ciirateo. ' Liibaquen. Ab.icoa, Bimini, AiirjpHcrcos, Hnnuma. Hinagoa, Mnagt, Good Vcytime^ Refolution^mA Puttan'i Iflands,v^•ith■ out iV^:4//o«'s Siicight, and ni.iny more tvingc-U'- fpers'd in thofc Se-is, they being neither hiilvita- ble, nor fcarce known any farther flun t^ac they have a being. Wherefore wclliall comedireitly to thole which can afford foniet!iin)|, to be (ludol thcui. and to give one general View, i>tace them in thcii Natural Order from North to South, be- ginning on the Eaft fide of America , and then proceed to lliofe few on the V\ ell fide, as they are plac'd ni the following Table. Windward Iflands. Caribbec, l^cwardj Iflands. ^ Hifpaniola. Cuba. Januuca< Puerto Rica Caribbee , 'Ancgada^ Sonwrcro, y^irgtnti, Anguila. Santa Cruz., S, Martin. S, Barflfolomew, S.iba. S. F.iiflachim. S. Citriftopber. Nieves. Barbada. S. M. la A'ltigHit, Small Iflands on the<; Coaft of New-Spam Calitbrnia, and fmallj iflands about it. * Kcdoniii. Alonjcvrute. Ciii.idjli4pc, De(je.id.i. MurigaLitiie, Ims S.DItOS. ^Dominica. ' Alartiiiico. S.iiin Liicij. Barbulos^ or B.nVadoC' 5. fimcm. Rethin, a r Ml. id J. La Trinidad. Margarita, Tortiiga, Aires. Vrchilla, Tahago. Roca. Bu€/i Ayre. Curtix.10. K.OrHba. 'Arai,t>. La Bermeja. Negrillos. Los ALnriwes. Couimcl, Qtiitufiitnao. Pantoja. Lamaita. G'uayii ,a, Gua lajj. Gyayamo. P, rUi. 5, Htander. S.iHflaCatalinj. S:u,t<milla. StrrufiilLi. K^Serrana. fDel Gigiinte. I 5. Clcmente. ' S. A'f.irtiii. De Pajaratt S. Aiarco. De Cintdt. De la Came. Tres AfariM. La Niibladii. L^.tnta Tomas. Ncwfound-LAnd. ISLANDS, 275 5,Vv'itl\- lllCtll"- Iwlvita- ic thfv i.udui e them itb. bc- i(J tlitn as tlicy if/tff Newfound- 1. and. nd I-Uiid, The Fnnll/hvi\]\ have this Iflind to lit firft dif- Ctiver'd by Schafiuw Cibot in ilic Service of this Natioir, the Spi'il'irds prftcnd it was found out hs Coitertjl , who gHve Ins Name to that great Part (jf the Northern Continent, otherwife call d 'f'iena de l,iih/ador , wliich Spanijh Name feeins to be an Argument on their Side ^ and the Frenih arc not witlioiit I'rettnfions to tins Uifcovery. Whoever it was, for we avoid all Controverfies, the liland is Triangular, about ;oo l.va)4uesin Coinpafs, Ivi'i^Itfore tlic hay of .V. lannmebi:- tween North C.wi.da diid yi«wrf';.-i,hut 600 Leagues from the I.aiids-tnd of F.>n\l>md, and between 46 and 5} Degrees of North latitude. The Country is l-.otter and colder than could naturally he expected from feuh latitude, the Winter hemp, lo exiellive C"uUl that lor five Months there is fcarce any flirrini> abroad. Tlie Soil IS as b.urenas may be, beinj; all Kixks, Sand aiuUiravel, fo that tile Inliabiraiits liavc no I'ro- viii(iii>, but wliat are fent t!um from t'.nsilMid, except Wild fowl, Killi and \enifon •, the whole llluid bciiit; either cover'd with Wi>od«, or where th.re is any Part open nothinij grows but Mol's, or tile Sediic, milead of Grafs. The Trees arc Fir, Spruce, I'iiie, Birch and other Sorts of Tim- ber , the Hearts Deer, Hares, Foxes , Squirrels, VVclves, !k-.irs, Beavers and Otters. The Natives are ahva\s reprcfented as a traA- alile People, neitlier fubdu'd, nor converted, but living' after thar old Manner •, of the finallcr fize, broacl-fac'd and chtl'ted, without Beards, paint- ii^ theuiielves, and wearing only an Apron of Stag skills aSout them in the Summer, and paint- ing their Skins. They believe in oiieO<xl, who tliey fay created Mtii and Women by (ticking Ar- rows in the '.iroj, id •, yet they farther fay there isoneC'od, one Son, one Mother, and one Sun-, but ( lod above all. Some of them are faid to have inudi I amiliarity with the Uevil ^and the Women allow il to try many M'mi before they Marry, but tube ver\ faithful to Iiun they make clwice of. Tile Dead they place lia.idiin^ in the Grave, with all Nicellariea tor a long Journey. T he only Trade and Bufinels here i ■ Filli,wliere- of there is fucli Plenty in this S>ea, that all the World n.iglit be Uipplv d from it. Alllorts may be here taken in iinmenfe Quantities but tlieonly 1-illiery regarded istliatot tlie Co.l, whereof at lead ^coSlnpsare Laden every Year for tranu, Sp.iiti, l'oriui!,al, haly^ tiigUnd and other Parts. TheCjreat Bank, where the Main lillieryis, be- ing a Sand noo Miles in Length and 75 in Ureadth is zo Leagues fri)in Cape A'.j^, the nearell Land to It. The next is l^crt Bank 80 Miles long, and 40 over in the broadelt Place •, tlieii BM.ijiuro^ about as big as the lalt, and fome others 0} lels Note. 'IhetViiuh generally filh moll oil' thefe Banks, and the Engijh about the Illand in Sloops. 1 he filhing Scal'oii is from Spring till Septc/hbef, Tlie firu Settlement here was made by SU.jvhn Ciiy, m the Year 1610, at Cvrutpi w/ Harbour, on'theEaft fide of the Illand, h-:\. was t.irt'd to quit it. In 1521, Captain w'w// carried over another Colony torS. CitorceCdvcrt^ and (ettled at th>\lui d., South of CitatpiitiH Harbour, and caird that Part of the Country jivMn ., whicli Name it IHII retains. The other Settlements of xhi tt:f,lijl', which delcrve no particular Account are Fcrryhnd. Cape Broil^ Bay oi Bulls, Brig: Hay, Bill IntiyToMi Cove, A/iwimMei Bay, Petty Hjv />»«), and 5. loh>. s fmu, this laft; containing about 6oHoufes,or Tutsj thebcft of tlieotliers aoancl the worft 2, or j. Befides thefe, there were i ? other fuch like Settlements fcatter'd about, fo that there have been reckon'd 4000 F.rtnlijh Men, Women and Cliildrenon the Uland. ThtfrrnrA liave always kept gcxxl Footing here, their Prin- cipal Town and Fortrefs is Pl.wcmia, and next to it .S'. Peters, then 5. {.jurente, and many more Habitations along the Soutlu^rn Ciwll, where they are very Strong, and botli Nations have tJierc done one another much Harm during thefe Wars, yet botli keep their own. Ajjuinpt'ioti Illand lies Wed: of Newfoundland in the Bay tlic Land forms there at tlie Mouth of t!ic great River ofCmadj ■, it is above 30 Leagues long, and 7 or 8 in Breadth, moft Plain, and the Soil feems to be indiifercnt. S. Jnhn'i Hie is to the Soutli of tlie laft, in the fame Bay, and tloie to the Coalt tjiAcc.'-<u', about 20 Leagues in length, and about 5 in Breadth where wideft. Brao.i Illand, is lo call'd from its Eaftermofl Cape, and .s'. [.iitrunc '[^^y:^ being the .Entrance into the Bay of that Name, about 8c Leagues in Comnals, mliahitcd by indiMis like thole on the Continent, a<.d has nothing elfe remarkable. No more have aiiv of thole fin^ll lllandsnam'd in the foregoing Table, being all mcoiiliderable, moftly barren and none inhabited. Bermudas, or Summer Illands. John Bcrmudez^ a Spaniard, was the firft who dilcover'd thele Iftands, and gave them his Name, after whom others of his Countrymen touch'd there, but none attempted to fettle, as not think- ing the illands worth looking after. The firft Fnf^liJ/jwan that faw them, was one Afa\i call on them by Strefs of Weather in the Year 1593. Yet his Account mov'd not any Body to look out for them till Sir George Sammcrs had been wreck'd upon them in 1609, and given them his Name, which by Corruption is come to that we now give them ol Summer Klands. After the return of Sir6Vc);(;«'s Company into Bug.. aid, the K/>-- gitiia Company Sold thefe Iflands to 120 Perfons, who by Charier from King James the Firft be- came Proprietors of them. In i6ii. one Richard Mnor brough"- 60 Perlons into the great Illand, where they leitlcd and built Huts, which after grew into Houl'es, and by degrees to a handlbm Town call'd S. George, whence the liime Name is given to the whole Ifland, which yielding good Tabitcco at firft and much Ambergreece, being found about it, encourag'd the relieving of them with frelh Supplies ; but when they began to Hou- rilli, a Plague of Rats, which devour'dall Things both in the Houles and Fields, had like to have overthrown the Young Settlement. In 1619, there were i oco Fn^lij.'^ on the Iflands, and foon after 3000, who had Ten Forts for their Security, but at laft they increas'd to near loooo, a confide- rable Number for thofe fmail Iflands. The Number of thele Iflands is liiicertain. they are lo many and fo linall, the Nannes of the cnicfelt are, i. George, S, David, Ireland, Somerjit, Long Bird, Cuoptr'i, A'onjmh, itc. amounting in all to about 400, but moll of them lo finall that they are not habitable ■, the greatcft Length they n\t t )gethcr extend to bewig under 20 Miles, and the '^ i ?i*: walii'* H; ^74 J MBRiCJN the Rrfateft Breadth they tuke up 5. Their La- titude is between jzand 1? Degrees, and i hey arc :;ixi I ragucs froineCupe Hittor.u in Ci>oliii:i, which is theiie.ireft Land to tliem. Tlie Rrea'.ell Illand IS call'd S.Georpe, ahout 16 Miles lonp,,aiid not ; over in the bioadeft Place, naturally de- fended by Rocks nut at Sia , and ArtnKially by ieveral Forts on the Channele, and only two of them fit for any Shins to coine ni at. It is le-nark- able, that tl;o" tlicfe Ihiall Spot-, of lllands are fo far from any other land, v"-t here li ,1 Tide, which rifcs and falls 5 Foot. The Town of 5. (/eorgc lias 6 or 7 Korts and Batteries to defend it, monnted witli 70 I'iercs of Cannon, a good Church, a tolerable Library, about 1000 Iloufes , well Built and a Stare lloiile. Hefides this Town there are 8 1 ribes, oHd Hi IVarTvick, South. iinpron and S.imh'i Tribes. The Air here is fcrene, delrghtful , tempirate nnd healthy, whence the Trees are aUva\si;reen, new I eaves fprontinftout, as the old one* drop otf. The j^reattll Vault is, they arc fiibjca to dreadful Storms of Thunder and 1 u'Jitnin;;. t.n; nerally ihf Country is lo very healthy, th.it the fjeattll D:ftc;npi'r is for t!ie moll part a Cold. Their Water is all brackilli, whirli obhi^es them to lave the Rain in Ciiterns. The Soil is very fruitful, vieldint^ two ('rops every Year of /-/^/i.;;; Wheat, which is t!ic Cominon ViMd. All A/i:e new and ir.iricpc.t'i Plants <;row to Perfertion. Trees there are of all forts, particularly Cedars, which are tlie belt of all tlie ln^lini-.-lmcrivMt Plantations, Pulm, Barberry, Laurel, Olive, Mul- berry , Pear, and Oranjiie-Trees •, the fruit of t!kfe l.irt the nioft delicious of any yet known. Of I owl there 1. ^reat Vanity ■, hut of BealU the tvrlijh found none but Swine, wliicli Iiad been left there by tlie .s/wv/,/)v/( and ii.creas'd •, but for 1 lib tlieie lb as ;;reat Plenty as in any Part of the World. fraiij^csus'd f irmerlv to be brought over from Jlcn/iiitl.i-, whicli have not of late Years. Ainber- grcfce H .iiiotlier of t'i.:ir CoiniiaKJities, wliirli tliev tind upon the Sluire, a- waSpcy/n.i Ctr;, and Whale Oil •, but their Trade is mudi decay'd, .nid now they employ tliemlelvcs inuih in build- ini;of finall blup* and Sloops-, fo t!iat the People are i^eneially pLMr, and tlieir Diet ordinary, of whiili they have Plenty and live Eafy. TIic Lucayo 1 (lands. 0'(/.(/;/WAi«/oneof tliefelflands,was the firft Land of .■hue-Ill I, Cljnjhpber Culu/tibiis dilcover'd in his full \inage upon tliat Defi^n , which he call'd S. SMvihr , and rcrkon'd it was 950 leagues from tlie Cjtiarics. Thii llla;;d was very linall, lyin^ in 26Degree'; of North Latitude, and about u 11 vail Number of other lilandi y,rcat and linall. Tlie Natives of thein all feem'd to be in their j-'ri- niitive Iniioceiue, gouu^ naked, ainaz'd at the (ii^lit of thcSlrps, Hocking Aboard theip, and admiring every Tlun^ thev law. No f 'attel or living Crca- rrires were found in them, but Birds, efpccially Parrots, and loine Snakes. 1 lie\ knew nothing otlron, but inlteadol if made Uleol IliarpStoiies and Bones iif fillies. The only Thing tiiey had to ria'.!e with was ("otton, I'anots, and Weapons pointed with l-jl!i Bone?. All iliefc lliands are iv.o[\ Plealiinrand Delightful, the Air hi.::'" geiie- t.illy Icrene, the llvat tempei'd with the ctnllant Breezes, and the Sw,' extraordinary liuirful, t!ir Trees and fields always green. Some little Cold was feen amouj, the People, but that t!iev had from other Parts. Some of thefe Illinds, arc 2r, JO, or more leagues in Length-, others much lels, and many fo fmall that tliev hwk more like Rocks. They differ nor at all from one another, nor have they been much fought after by llnr.,- pr.pis, and therefore there i.; the lefstone fiid of them , finci; what ferves one may be takeu for tliem all. P>ovida;ce Ill.ind mav he reckoii'd in this Num- ber, whicli has been poTefs'd by the Proprietors ofC.tyolitii^ fmce the Year 1667, being in 25 De- grees of North latitude, 28 Miles long and 11 over where broadelL The People tliat fii ft went to iiih.ibir it were, as h nfual ni (lull Colonies, a 1 ewd Ciaiig, wht) l!\ipp'd off their dovernour f or J.tmiic.i, and liv'd as tiiey pleas'd. Souk Years alter, the Sp.iiihiiii.. carry'd olF and deliroy'd all they toiind upon tile Illand, and by tliat Me.ms olilig'd the lieW of the Planters ioqu\t ir. About 1681;, a trelh l-'arctl went ov;r from l-.>.i\l:<iiii\wi\ other Parts. 1 he chief (upport of tins wretched Colony depended upon Wrecks and Trade witli witli Pyratcs, wlio often come tliitlier to Ipeud their Money and Riot. The Town in it was rxWWN ijf.ui, and laid to com ain idoHouli--, or C^ittages, Willi a fort. Helides this, there were other mil'erable SetlKmen's on l/trhiir Illand , ■.\w\ Flnitlj(,\i. The only Commodity they havc hei-e to F.xport is Salt, whereof they tranfport conliclerableQiiantities to the Continent. In 170^, the froich and SpMii.irtis utterly dcftro^'d the Town and fort liere, carry'd away tlie Oover- nour, ail tlie Blacks •'•"d fcveral Inhabitinits, t.'ie rell tlyiiijj to the Continent, fiiicc: winch it con- tinues Delart, is do tlieothcrs above mention'd. Hifpaniola, Difcover'd by Cn//(w/>//.( inhisfii.ll N'oyage, and by the Natives call'd y-lyii, or Hiyti^ and Omf- (juci.t, lies between 18 and 20 degrees of N?)ith latitude, and is about 400 Leagues in Compa'', as being near i^^ in length, and Coin Breadth where larged. 1 lie Monimgsare fimewhat lior, but the V\ iiids tlieii rilnu; fr iin the Sea make it temperate all tlie rell of the L'»ay. The S(m1 ii veryFruitful, and tiie abundaiicc of Pallure lias occalloii'd all Sorts of Cattel . as Horfes, Kinc, and Swine to increafe fo procfigioully, that they run wild, belonging to no .Viu'i, but are free to any thai will take them. Tiiefe were firft brought from .Sbj(>;-, fir at the Time of the tirft Dilco- very, here were no other Hearts, but a fort of little Creatures call'd Hiitias., fomething like Rab bits, but Imaller ■■, and a fort of little dumb Dogs, wliicli never bark'd. Of all liie lorts of Lilb which were moft of thole known ill l.inopi, aiuf others we are Stran- gers to, the Afw.in was ('ingular, being as big as a Calf, with two feet betore , which ferve it to i^o oil 1 and and fwun in til;; Water. Some of liiele are 20 foot long-, the females are deli- ver'd of tlieir Young like Cows, and have tui' Dugs to iuikle them. The Heili of tliem is as giKid as \'eal , and will keep a loiig Time eitliei (moak'd, or dry'd in ihe Sun. The fat ot it never grows nifty, and is good f-r Ieveral Ulcs. Of Birds here is the greateft and moft be.mtiful \ ariety, being of all lorts that .•1,iit;ii.j bieeiU. Noi Plunc'eriiJ what iem„ but none ; the other nent hav> Names, ot i /'.■', Cl: •>/ *.,. Oj, Was . firft Viva. IS LJN7)S. ^75 ■noR oi Stran- as big trve a Siiiiik.- : tlch- /tf t\Vi' n !•< '!• (.•Itlk'i .>t It ilUlcs. .lUtitiil Nor is there lefs Divorfity of Fruits a.: ' Plants \hm ill anv Part of tho Continent. Wjieii firil difcovcr'cl , this Ifland was extra- ordinary rii.Ii in Gold Mines, paitirul.irly thofc lit the I'rovmce of Cibio and 5. C/;>;//op/;frj, which yielded inrrcdiMeQnantiticb,and were tlic Death of phnndanci' of the Natives. At prelent we hiar of no Tjiild btoni^ht from thence j which donht- lefs is becanfc the Mine^ have been cxliaullcd by the gnedv fearch of the firft Difcuvi-rer--. Its other I'rndnct is Cotton, and Indigo, whiih is the main Trade .it thib Time. The Natives went naked, and were an inno- rent fnnple fort of People, living npon what the Earth natuvallv pmduc'd, or at kail with little 1-abonr , in \'illa;;es of fmall 1 hits. They had fomething of Rcliftious Worlhip , which they Paid t<> little hnaf;es of Wood or Stone, and end.Mvonr'd to hide iliein tVoin tht %;«;■)>•<:/;. Thefetliey cdl'd Ci/'ik, and liad Monies let apart ro keep them in. Hflides tlie C.uiqiies kept three Stones, whidi they honour'd, pretending the one was good to prel'erve their llar\ iV, another to obtain Rain, and the tliird for Women in Labonr. When a Ciagnc dv'd,they Bowcl'd him and dry'd up his Body at the Fire, orellivm;^ it afterwards with Bread and Drnik by it, and liis Wives to attend. 1 hey im.it;iii'd the Souls of tlie Dead went to a Delightful \ .dley, where they found tlieir Ancclii i>, and liv'd in all fulnels of I'lea- lure. M-'iiy Snperftitions were in life aiming thcin, too tedious to relate, efpecially confider- ing there are nor.e nj thofe People lu w lelt, they beinpall conlum'd by the Wars, Difeales and the 1 abour of tlie Vines. When Coinir.bii' firft Difcover'd this Ifland, he built a Wo(;den l-ort (n it, in which he left 30 Men , but at his return found them all kiU'd, and the li rt bi ri.r. lie therefore remov'd thence, and built the T; wn he caird IJik!Li,on the North fide of the Ifiani', where he found a linall Mar- bour nid a p'.eaiant Sitnatitn •, but neither was this lalling, the li.h.ibitants be-inj, afterwards re- mov'd to S'l/no l')oi>ii>n[o. This is now the Me- tropolis featcd on ihe South fide of the Ifland, upon a giH)cl HarhoiT, in a delightful Plain. It is rccki ii'd one of die belt Cities in thofc Parto, being very lpac:''ii^, .itmoft all of Stone, and en- (i mp.ils'd'with a Ifro'.g Wall. Here is alio a Ca- thedral , this being an Arthbillioprick , feveral MniiaiKries ot 1 :'miiiic.:nj, I'r.oicijicwi, Mcrce- nariansand two of Nun^, a fi'ee School, to winch 1* annex'd a Revenue of 4COO Ducats, and ini Ho- fpital worth zicco Diuats a Year, bel'idesa Mint, and a ttrong Caftle •, and ir is the Refidcnce of the Sovereign Court ni all the Iflands. The Trade of the iii.'t-lnUiei being remov'd to other Parts, th^City Is miichdec.iy'd. This Place wa-. taken 111 the^e.i 1 5SC) bv Sir i-Vi»?.'t. -3 /'i.i^f, who alter Plundering and doing mueii .Milchitf, raniomd vihat remain'd. 1 here are 10, or i : other 1 own*, but none to compare to thisand all miuli decay 'd •, the other Dik-overiesand Cunc,uefts on ilie Conii- neiit having cirawii aw.iv the Iiiha! it.uits. The Names ot the f'l incipal lowiis are 6.//^ ilecr:, /.ty- ha, (yi;\. .-'i/i.;, J.y!;/(.!W.J, C meyciiH 'c I* I ig.i-, S^tHtiif :i( las C.ivMuo: ^ I. .mode i'i.i.i., and •U. i.u Chrijh. Cuba Was Ii''? the lift dili'ivei'd b^ Co.vr.hiu, in his fiiil Voyage, but he luaie not Itay '>■) it, uor did he know whether it was an IlLmd, or part of the Continent. The fecond Voyage he fnl'd a coiifi- derablc Wav along the Cau(\ of it, but not about. J.iwes I'el.ij'iiicz., was the .Man who entirely dif- cover'd and luhdu'd it, in the Year 151 1. The llland lies between 20 and 25 Degrees of North Latitude, Haft of th.- Coaft of Afexko^ South uf Flarid.t, Weft of Hfp-tnioLt, and North iifj.i/ii.iict. The l.engtli ofii is above 230 Leagues from Raft to Weft, but not above 4^ in Hreadth in the wideft Part. As to Air, Fertility, Pnxluft, Natives and Animals it agrees in inoft Particular* witli what lias been faid ui HijpJniul.i., thenearell 1 iiidb o\ them being not ab.ive 10 Leagues afun- der , and both of them within the Tropiek of C.i'ucvy with inconlidercible Difference in Lati- tude. The Land is for tlie moft part Plain, tho* tliere are very high Mountains at the F.aft End» and others nut fo high in tlie Middle, from which leveral plealiint Rivers How, (lime to the North and others to the Soutli, and all full of excellent Filh. The whole Length of it is tover'd with Woods-, lb that Travellers may go from one End to the other in a continual Shade, of abundance ol lorts of Trees, among wliich tliere arc moll ftately Ced;;rs -, fo large that Canooes have been made e.f tlie Body of a fingk one, that would carry 50 .Men, or upwards. 6>/?;ci'i tells us for truit, iiere ate two particular Ibrts, which are not found elfewhere; > he one is like a Hart, call'd (I'lu/i.ivju.t, green without, and has lome thorny Prickles, within made up of white .Vlorfels of a pleafant Tafte, between fweet and ftiarp, with lome Stones. The other fort u call'd CimitOy ex- artly like an Orange on the out-lide, and within has a white and red Pulp, of a fweet Tafte. The Tiee as tall as a Pear Tree, the Leaf on the one fide green, and on the other a Cinamon Colour. Betides thefe, ihcre are all other forts oi American and t.iiropi in Fruits. The Mountain-, he fays, and is the laft who has writ of that Place, are full of Wild Boars, Cows, 1-lorles and Mules, lielides, there arc a- bundaiue of all liirts of Birds, efpecially Parrots and Pai tridges, bigger than Quails, with blue 1 iear'.s. ;\nd of thofe that are ftt for tlie Cage, there is great Plenty of a delicate tort they call Ch.imbeif^vs. There is a fott ol Parrots very com- mon, call'd Cor »rrf/j>, fume ot which have BUek and Green Feathers, and others Blue ^ utherii Black and Green Feathers, their breaft red and half the Head white, being good to eat. The 0/(.i<..Jw<n'ii do not talk, but are fo curiouftv co- lour'd, that the beft Pencil can frarce ecjua) tnem. The County in general is very Delighttul, hciiig full of little Hollies, with (Jardens and Farms, where there is no want of Indi.m Fruit The Capital City and Billiop's See is call'd ?j«- ti.if'j) dr (niia, built by J.tmti t'^etajqnei, the f^rll Conqueror, on theSv>uth fide of the Ulsnd, about two Leagues from the Sea, at the Kntom rf a Harbour, which luftly claims Place among the beft in .-//ADu./jhavnig a narrow tntraiice,within whitiiisa IpaciousBay, full of little Iflands, and is fo ftill that there is fcatce any need of Anchors. Tlie Trad'' bein* remov'd to the H.ivmu., this City is niuih decay'd, and is the Relicience of the Deputy Governourot the llland. The prinnpal l^omuKxlities Exported thence , are Hides and Su^.tf , belides Cop^xr, whtreol there ire rich Mnies on high .Vkmjitaiiis 5 Leajiues from the i <i^ i I il % iy6 /AMERICAN The HivMiii^ thij' it has not t!ic Title, may now be rcfkon'd the Chief, leated in ;; Degrees ao Minutes Latitude, in a delitihtfiil Hlaiii. It is altnoft Round , about halt' a Lcacuc in Compafs, wall'd and lately much furtify'd. The Inhabi- tants are about 4000 Sp.tiiiiirds ^ Afntatios and Blacks ., the Women beautiful, the Men iuf^aiious, and the Moufes low. The I larhour endoles two fides of theCit\, and is fafe aftanill Enemies and Wcathei, fodeepthat tlie greateft Ships Ancii'ir at a fmall Diftance from the Shore. It is defend cdby three Cillles, tlie Chief of them cli'd tl Afono^ihe fecond Del.i Putit.i, and the ilnrd cjiiiy The Fort. The firft on the Left hand ;;iiirii)^ t!ic Harbour, which it dtfcads with 12 lieiivy Pieces of Cannon cali'd, Tlie Apoftles, lynu; Itv.l with the Water, and h is 55 Pieces mnuiited in all. The Fort which is on the other fide of the H.ir- bour has 4g<x)d Baftions and a i'latrDrm towards the Mouth <:f the I'urt, well fuuiilli'd wit!i liral* Cannon. Tlie Callle of the Point is (Inall, but h.is aIlo4 R.illions.Here are (tv.iul Chm cites and M 1- nafterieb,and two very t'.ood lli)fuitaL,aiid it is to be obferv'd tliat of l.ite Year*, the Kui tilicatiuiis of this Place liave been very much iinprov'd. Befides tliele two, Iiere aie many utiier confi dcrable Towns, as /l.ii.icp.i^ S. SJ-.ulor ur Hu- y.t/no, Puerto del r,infipt\, I ]jt ' iti: y.rri.'r, [.iTi in,- dati, and ijthers, wliuh would uiuire .1 miiih greater Compafs to treat o( m P^iiiculir, tlian this \'oUiine will alKiw. Monj^ the Soiitlarn Coaft there lies avail Numbei of III.ukIs, parted by very narrow Channels •, the lllnuis always green and beautiful, and therefore ill'd by the Spaniiiid:, J.trdiii Ac 1 1 Fcyii.i, tlie Ciuecn-, Gar den. .Many other fmall lllands lieabout not only Cid'.i but iLfpm'..)!.! , j.i/n.iit.i and Piitrru A'/c', whidi cantiot here be taken Notice of, as beiiit; tooiiiconfiderable, and would take up a N'olume to treat of tliem all, wliirh no Man has >et done, and therefore it inav lutiice to fpeak of thole, wliicli delerve it. Jamaica. As well,a> tlie other two aheady mention'd, was dilcovei'd by Ci.y.Jliphcr CvLimbiti , but tliis 111 Iiis fecoiid \ oya^ie lo yimer'ni. It lies in about 17 or 18 Degrees of North Latitude , about ?o Leagues Soutli from t «/>,;, and tlie fame Diftaiice Well from H.ipimoli-^ rcckon'd 50 Leagues in I eiin th, and loiii Hre.itlth. The >;• .-.-.7 '.,J> pc ilFefs'd themfelves of this IflAiid, isr,Ki!i as any of the others after Hhinfjlt^ and built fome lowns in it, wliere th.ey traded with Hidi's, Tallow, IVpper, Cotton and Indigo ■, for II never yielded an\, I juld , like Hlfp.iriiiil.> and ( 't.', aiul tliereloic 11 was always more negleiled, and never well inhabited, or fortify 'd. However they rem.iln'd poHeb'd of it till the Dav^ of the Uluiper OLiCf Cro,ii:veii, wlio bein;^ at VVar with tht: Sp miurJ.., on Account of tlieir harbouring KuigCh.iilc, iii his Exile, fitted out a fleet un- der the C.iinni.ind of Admiral /'».«;, witli 6 or 7^^0 I and iiitn aboard, Command.d by tjeiieral I'l/i.ihlf, a;;ainll the Wdt-lndits. Tliofe l-orces at the I t.waid lllands weic increas'd 10 near 10000 .^U:', aiid irtil'd thence to Mj/)<v/;.(//.;, where they I ..r»<3.d, near tlie City n^Smiu Dumii^, , but were difcated and forc'd back to their Ships. This Dil.ippointmcnt put them upon lome other i\dventure, and actoidiiigly they Laiide*.! next mj.nn.'.ic.i, which beiiij', wlvllv unprovided to wiihftaiid fiidia Power as wanting both .Men and Ammunition, tiiey made an eafy Conqncll. The 5p.wiii</.t retir'd to the Woods and Mountains whence they m.ide fomeExeurrions, but rcceiviii(> no Recruits, and bein^ themfelves no wav Able to Cope witli Inch a Numerous Enemy, they at lail wafted themftlves ovu' to Cub.i ^ and thence tootlicr i'arts. Paliinii bv other Particulars finrc it cime into the Eiij^l Jh Hind:., whielidonot make toom- I'm-, pofe, a> tile lli:iini.fnl llielteniigof Puates llico;.- ihntly praitib'd liiere, and "much more of th.t Nature, we will only ipc.ik a few Worcls of the inofl Dreadful F„irt!iiiuake wliich banned in the Year 169:. It began on the 7th of J<wf ji'iout Noon,and in two Minutes iliook down and drown ed y parts in 10 of the City uf Poii-Ku\:il^ die Water hreakinj; and tlie land linking, lo tliat the 1 Joules were fome half, and oilur-. .luite un- der Water, above 1000 /«.,/;//; and fSlacks pt-rilh- ing 111 t!ie Town. All the ^loule^ in tile lilaiid were tliiown D.jwn. Two Mountains wereover- thrown and met, and another fptii. The S\p.in Frigat, a Man of War , l^m.; by the Wliarf to CareeiijWas tlir(nvn overtlie Top-, of (,Mne lloulcs. A hideous Noill: was [kard on the Mountaim, .ind thole few Monies tliat did not ,(iiite fail v/cr; fo lliaken that no Man diirll live m them. Ihe Shock was (i) ftrong , th.;t People could fcane keep their legs, when running tor their I ives^ many fell upon their Knees or Faces. Not one lloufe was lelt Ihniding at V.i'J i^c tort ^ one at I igi.ttii.t, and none at Sini.i^n ^ but a few low ones built by the Spi/n.tr.lf. 1 he Kartii opui'd m leveial Places, and on the North fide of the llland fwalli)W'd People, Ih.all,, Trees,and wliolc Plantations , leaving uillc.id of tliun a 1 ake of above loco .Acres. Ihc llland is cut m twobya Ridgeof Moun- tains running acrofs it from Eall to V\ elt, li) high that they are fcarce pafTible^ and bv them it'is divided into the North and South lides. from tliefe Mountains very many Rivers run down crolliug it the other wa^, which render the Lanci extraordinary tertile, and plcalimt ., for the Trees are green all the Year. The Heat is temper'd by the daily Breezes, Q> that the llottcft Time of the Dav is the tint Part of the Morning, after which tliofe Conllant Gales riliuji tunn the Sea render it Moderate •, befides whit-h the Rains and l')ews falling at Night help very much to cixjl. On the Hills the Weather is cool enough, cfnecially tovvards the Tops ot the higli Mountains, which are excellive cold. Tlie Lensth of the Days and Nights docs not vary mucli, by Rcafon of the Nearnefs to the Enuin> aial. All the Night the Wind blows off the llland, from every Pan of it to tlie Sea. The i*rodu£t and Commodities oi "Janu-tka, are I. Sugar, whuli is finer than that of H.irbadoes, and theQiiaiitity yearly brought over very grea:. z. C.c.itf Nuts, for making of Chocolate, whereof tiiere is now very little, the Trees of late Years being laid not to thrive, and when they did the Nut was one of the worll forts that grew in yi- iiioit.i. 3. Indigo, which is good, tho' (4' lefs N'alue th.?'t the tufi-lndi.t^ but abundance of it grows in the Illaiid. 4. 'J.irnMa Pepper, by lome cal^dy///^;<.(f , how properly, is not worth con- troverting, but the two prevailinji Tallcs in it are of Pepper and Cloves. 5. Cotton, the Qiian- titv 't IS rcm.i bland as thi betail'da I and yet Ibm t'lejill) Men how true ill By tlie N. •■"vcrd b^ C- -•'■'■■• 149?, IS Lj1NT>S. ^77 tity vcrv ronfiderable, hut not rcfkon'd fo good as th.it of the Ealh 6. Ginger, wliich -Mi is pleii- fil'ul ciiot'uh. Thtffc arc the chief Coimnodities for Trade, befides which the Illaiid prcxltices mod Things iHTclTluv f'lr Human life-, as Parture, Kruit and TimberTvees, and all Sorts of Herbs and I'Uints, Vanetv of f-owl, and the Sea Store of Fill). Hefides what lias been mention'd, here throws (ill I] tciiWy Chin (, .S" irfapnilla^ C>^ii , Td- wurindsy and many more Medicinal and Ufefiil Plants and Trees. The Tabacco here is not worth l'peaki;;f', of, for tho* it urows where planted, yet the Qjiiuitv is inconfiderable •, cither that it proves not u,ood, or that the Inhabitants find bet- ter Advantage other Ways. More oi the Growth of the lllintl tlie Cnrious may find in Dr. Sloan'i Natural Hift<irvof it. Helides tlie Trade to f'.iiiope, there was another far more beneficial from Jam^iica to the Spanijh ylr-.crii^m DoiMiiMons, fir Blacks, and l-.tiglijb Ma- iiutaftures, which hidui^ht in very confiderablc Sums of Pieces of r.i[.',!it, and was a great Ad- vantage, not oulv to the Ifland but to hnpjiand. I he inefent War has interrupted, and Peace may rertcre it. From /:>/i;/.W I'rovifions, all forts of (■lt)at!unu,Hon(licild-Stutr, Working- Tools, and man\ other NecelTai its are carried over thithir, wliich vield a ronlkiei.ible Profit. To \..\{<. by what this Illand has been, it is at prtlent divided into 16 Parillies, wliich beftin- iinr, at Mrr.-.r.t I'oint, being the firft on tlie Soutli-rart (ide, lie thus. i. S. Davidi, where is a firiall I'Lite cali'd I'ree-Tovcn, and VoxtMonmt, wliere Sliips find llieltcv. 2. l'ort-l'oy.il,x.hi: Name of the ('.ipital Tity of J.-.nhtic.t, very great and fonfiderable before the Farthquake above-men- tinn'd, but totally ruin'd by it, and being Re- built, was 10 Yeiirs after burnt down, and the Town vciiiov'd to Kncflou in S. A>idrerv\ Parilh. T !ie Port whiih p.avc Occafion to build this City 15 1.) iktp and l.irge that it can contain the lar- }',ei1 Hcevinthe VVorld, and Ships ride fafe in it Iroiu all Weatlier. ;. 5. Andrnvs^ where, as has been I!ik1, is the Town of Kin/^/iurt, increas'd to 7 or Sco Moufes by the Deflruftioii of I'oyt-Royal. 4. S.(i.:tiiir:i:es Parifli, and in it the fmallTown ^^i' P''(f:?.i^ Ft""', at tiie Mouth of the River that ri.iis to Sii!tiiit:"i co'.itainiiig :cx3 Houfes, being 6 A'lles trom that Town, and as many from Pore- Ro)i.il. 5. S.Johi'i up the Inland, rcckon'd the Kelt 111 all n.imuic.:, and in it ^Dauijh-T .\r>i , or S:>it:.n'.c, the Capital of the Uland, of about zocx) lloufes fiiue the Ruin oi Pon-Rcyal, A Pleal'ant City, wliofc Inhabitants fpare for nothing that I uvury can prompt. 6. S. Dorothys Parilh, has (ltd Hirboiir in it , a good Road , wiiere many Ships may Ride. 7. yircPai-in. 8. tlii.jbeih'i. (J. S.J.tmcs'fi. IC. S. yiatifs. 11. CI. iraidoii. 12 i. /if dies. 1 3. SJ'ljoniM in the f-^Mc. 146'. Ciiorges, I ;. .^■. Tl.oriM, "lid 16 KivgUoit. It lb remarkable that in lo great and fruitful an Illand as thi . is, tliere is fcarcc any Place that can be lall'd H I own, befides thole alrendy mention'd •, and yet iome priteiid to tell us there are 6cooo twjilh Men, Women and Children m theliland •, !viw true is hard tii determine. was afterwards added de Pmno Ricit, or of t!ie Rich Port, and lies Eaft from Hil'p.w:oL% about 20 Te.igues. The Length of it isbetween /iO and %% leagues and the Breadth 2C, being alo-ig S(iiiare. It is for the moft part temperate, being cool'd as has been faid of Jamaica. The Soil is rich and affords excellent Pallure ^ but the Cattel here na- turally are apt to grow very wild. Moll; of the Country is Hilly , but the Middle of it is cut a- funder by a very high Ridge of Mountains, cali'd by the Spaniards, Sierra del Loquillo, the little Madman's Mountain. Several Rivers fall from it and water the Land. The general Growth is the fame as in yamaicn, and in tlie other lllands, and in this as well as them grows the poifonous Kruit the Spiwiiirds call Manz.nniUa. or little Apple, moft .igreeablcto look to, and ofa delicious Scent, but eaten is certain Death ; nay,"the very Shade of itcaufes fuch as Sleep under the Tree to fwell, and any Drops falling from it on the Helli raife Blifters. To make Amends here are feveral Me- dicinal Trees, and among them the Tihorucu^ Iromwhicha Bituminous Subftancediftills, which heals Wounds and cures all Pains caus'd bv Cold. * It was formerly extraordinary rich in Gold and Silver Mines, which are now cither exhaufted, or ncglcfted for want of People to work in them. The mam Wealth of it at prefcnt confifts in Su- gar, Ginger , Caflia , Cotton and Hides, there being fuch Multitudes of Cattel that they are kill'd only for them, and the Tallow , the Flefli being left a Prey to the Birds and Dogs. Jolm Ponce de Leon, was the Spaniard that be- gan to fettle here, in the Year ijio, who built a Town on the North fide, but was torc'd to re- move it, and afterwards fix'd it at that which is ihll talld S, Cerinam on the Weft fide. In i J14. the City cali'd S. Jiiu^i dc Puerto Rice, as well as the Illand, was founded, on the North fide, ancl had the Name from the C;oodnefsof the Harnourj on which it is feated. It is a Billiop's See ancl has a noble Cathedral, two other Churches, and without ■'. Monaftery of Dumi/ncms. The Port is larg' .d defended againft all Winds, as well as E 'mies, the Entrance being a narrow Chan- nel, 'jmmandal by a ftrong Fort, and another cali'd tile Fortrefs at a fmall Diftance from it. The jd Town is cali'd Jlredbo, befides which there are feveral fmaller Places or Villages, and abundance of fcatter'd Settlements. The Caribbee Windward and Leeward Iflands. According to Herrera and the Spaniards, who [lave the Names, the Windward Iflands, or thole which reach from the Illand of 5. John de Puerto Rico, above defcrib'd on the North, as far as Mar- tinico Southward , that and all the reft below it towards the Continent of South America, beinft cali'd, the Leeward lllands , becaufe they lie oir out of the common Courfe of Ships failing from Spain to the Wcjt-lndii >. Under the latter Name we include feveral linall Iflands lying farther in to the Weftward, along the Co.ift of South A- iiicrici. Puerto Rico. The Caribbee lllands, are alio cali'd Antilles^ as is thought from tlie Greek Ami, oppofite. with tcfpert to their Pofition to the greater lllands. By the Natives call d Borrirjnen , was firft dif- They have the Name of Ifl mds of Canbbes and fijverd by C/"/'v/)/jei C,//;(//;t;/j inhis 2d. Nonage, Ci;//fc,</;, from the Inhabitants eating of Man'* Wv/. i4(j?, and by him nani'd S.'john^ to which Flclh. They are all within the Torrid Zone^ 0.(1 q fr»m ■A%\ % i: ' ^i ■iiji'i'ii mm ii % I >M'' »78 AMERICAN from 10 to 19 DfRrees of North Ijititudc, and vet healthy and temperate, fi>r the liiine Keafori as has been liiid in fpcakin;; of the other lllaiuls, which is the Sea Breeze romiii)? duly up in the Morninc;, and hlowinR the greater part of the Pay- As for Told, it is fcarce known in thcfc Iflands. All the difference conftitntnif?, Siimincr and Winter, is Rain and lair Weather, for the Trees and tields are confentuiitly ureen all the Year about. However the NuiJUs are ilelifjitfully cool, but it is dant^erous to he Biicove ed, be- raule that rcMilncfs RivCB Colds, and laiilcs many Dirtempers, elpecially in ilie Stoinach. I he Dai,-, are never alxjve 14 Hours Umg, or ever Id's than ic The Soil in many Places is as ricli at any in the Woil'l, and all the iniiabited lllands pro dnce Plenty of all thinRs for tlie Subfillance of the Inhabitants. T(j forward the which, they are all 'veil provided with excellent Springs, Lakes, Brix>ki, and even i^ood Rivers ^ befidcs Miner. i\ Waters found ill linnenf thcin, and luc- ceti-fnl f<.>r th« Cure of feveral Dillempers. Sul- pliur isfiiondin many Parts ot the Mountains i tlicle whit'i dolervo the Name nf Kiveri arc ne- ver dry, and have an intiiiite i|iiantity of liflii \ iiies thrive very well, and bear twice a Year, the drapes are i;'>-<U ''"' the Wine made of tlR';n will not keep •, Wheat never ripens here, by reafon t!ie L.uid ib too rank, and ic never comes to Ear. Tlie Natives call'd Curilba, or Cuiihah^ arc well lliap'd, proportionable, of a miildle Stature, anda plealant fmiluiK Afpcft, their Skins of an Dlive Colour, and their Eyes black, tiieir Noie aiKUorehead Hat, which isdonedefijinedly, and nottuUiial i but there aie none l.aine, or Crook- «d, or otlicrwile deform'd, and tliey have no Beard at all to be fceii, f.'r if any i^vows, they pull it up by tlic Root, thiiikuii; it a great De- lormitv. The\, ro Ihirk Naked as they come in- to the VVorld, both Men and Women, and if any of them lliould i;o about to hide their Pri- vities, they would be laugli'd at by the rell ^ nor ccjuld the Chrilbans living among tLein ever perfwadcthem to wear any Covering, only out of Complailance, when they come amoni^Chri- fti.ins, lome of cliem will put on a Shiit, l>aw- ers, and Hat, which they layby as loon as they retiivii ho.ne. Inftead of Cloatlis they paint their Bodies after I'everal miuiners., but generally Red. As for Religion, tjcy pradife little, \et iiave lome natural Notion ot a Deity, or iuperiour p. I'.ver rel'id-.n!^ in 1 leaven, \n tlie lame manner as iiurrXitUi lor they believe (jixl does iiot concern himU-li'^vith our Actions, good or bad, and there- toietliey neither Ik )»our nor regard liim. All their VVorll.',|) is paid to (oine g'jod Spirits they talk of, whn.h are tlieir Otxls, and they fuppole to be very iiuirKrous, and that every Ferlon has one peculiar. They liave alio a Ibrt of Conju- rers, whitli ,vre their Prielli, and liave each of 'thcin a Ood of their own, ur rather, as Ik be- hev"(L, a iaimliar Devil. This may luilice in gene- r.il jWt now come to lay foinethin^ofeacli Uland ui Note 111 jMrticular, oe^iiiniii); with tlw moll Norrheil',, ami fo proceeding Stiuthw-ird. j-inc :.iu ,, .w& Sumbrcro, are the two tirll, in 18 IXi'.iees North Latitude, boili iin.ill and uiunha- bitid. . *7):,i;cW/, theX'irgins, are 12 or i? very little •»iivs ai»out the Uuie latitude, between the for- mer and Puerto Rno^ ai;d defart as tlic Lift. .S'.wM f.Vwi, or the Holy Crof*, foinewhat to the Southward o| the \'ir)4nis,is.iliout 10 1 eai'.ucs in h ',th, and fomewhat lefs in breatlth, has've- ry fiiiitful Plains, pt)frelVd Iiy the /•/■ewi/^, who have made very hoikI Settlements on it, tlieir principal Trade beiiii^ Sugar, for they do mit l<> much regard the Cotton, which it will produce in i;teat Plenty. yt/iiiiil.i, ill ^pwijh an Eel, becanfe it is lon^ and narrow, is in 18 Degrees, all plain, but no. th<iu(^ht wortli a regular Plantation, \et tiiere arc Icveral Families of Fnf^lijhvw it, who live al mod like ltidi.iris, under no Government, aiii^ without any Lrade,, upon the ProdutV of the Laud. .s'. Af.:iiiii lies a little to the Southward of y^/K- ;;«;/.(, 7 1 eaglics long, and 4 broild, famous foi Its great Salt- Pits, and pollels'd by the l->e»il- and Diitih iomtlv, its principal Commodity be fides Salt being Tabacto, which is here ver\, good. Sihi isto the South Will, between tlie laft and .S".(«f./ (-V«c, a plealaiit Spot, and inhabited b\ li'ine few Oiiiih humlies, lent tliither Iroin tlieir C'olonv at >. l-.uliMc. y B.irthi/lnuiiut, Pall ot Sit'.', bears abundame of good Trees, is lull ot variety of Birds, ami h.ii ver\ giKKl Stone tor making ot Lime, wliii.!i the he/nh who inhabit it, tend to all the other lllands. y. £«//./«, Weft of tlic laft, in 17 Degrees, 40 Minutes Latitude, and not above 5 1 caiques 111 Compafs being one entire Mountain riling in the middle of the Sea, like a Sugar- L.oaf. Vet tlie Dutch luv.e there a Colony of about lOco Men well provided. Only the top of the Moun- tain is wooded, all the rell being improved, and yielding abund.mce ol Tabacco. l lierc are no Springs in it, btit every Ho'.ife has a large Ci- Itwn topreferve Rain-water. S. Chtifiopha-.!^ in 17 Degrees, 25 Minutes 1 .i- titude, is about 25 Leagues in Compafs, divided into four Qiiarters, or Cantons, two belonging to the ynr.c..'. and two to the t'ngli//), the lor- mer Iwving the plainer and better Lands, and better Forts, but the l.itter are more numerous. The Irciah Ports aie four, mounted wuhg.).id Cannon, crpecially tow.irdsthe Sea •, the h.n^Ljh have but two. Ihere is Icarce any crolling the high Mountains wiiich divide this llland, but the Coinmuuicatioii is by Sea. The t'icmh have ailo here a good Town, inhabited by Merchants and Handicrafts. TheHoufes arc ol Timber, on a Stone Foundation, and th^ C:pncM.< ^ jcfuits, and C.irmtlita have Moiialleries \, there b alii> an Hofpital, and theOoveriiour hasa very [late- ly Hoiiie. The /•wf;////' have feveral good Hoales, and live Churches. The chief Gjmmodity ot tlie llland is Sugar. Nici/cs, or a' wec.ill it AVW-t, in 17 Degrees 19 Minutes Latitude, only 6 Le.igues m Coiu- pats, and in the mitlti of it a high Mountain wooded to the top. All the Houles of t!ie inha- bitants, being about ;ooo i:«^////>, are round the Mountaiu, which is well vvater'd down to the Sea lide. They drive a couliderable Trade or Sugar, (linger, and Tabacco, h.ive 3 Clairclie» meanly built, and a gooil Fort to lecure the l.a-.id- iiig-place, and V\ are-iioul'es. Redmd.i, io call'd becaute round, isveryfm.ill, and no: inhabited. lives III a tlieiither very ^.hk in„ih^ w have ciei'i conliderah theotlitir Ill the l;ni llie LaiK Lts S.I) . Illaiul of 1 of C:i:k1.iI \o laird (idt, wj, Of thv.n 1I Islands, 279 the l»i - Ills, and h:,J:lh •lUiig the but the bA\i ailo lauii ar.d oi\ ,1 jeimti , !.-. ill Ik ry iLitc- l-lo.\iiS nodity >ii crylinill, B.itb.ui.i, or as tlie E)i!<JiJ?j call it, P,iibiiiii, is in 17 Dfurci'";, 50 Minutes latitude, and 5 IxMjiucs round. Tlic luinli/h pofRfs'd thcnilelves of it lon^ ai;o, and were forc'd to abaiidiin it by tlie tiiiitniual Perleiution-i of the C.ir.ilies from otlur lllands \, however tliey fettled there attain, and are n.)\v (Iroiir.er than ever, dealing iiuuh ni Catteland Corn, whicli tliey have plen- ty of Trade l<'r i*) the other lllands. yitiic^ii, as we tall it, properly Sinta M.iii.t l.i j-lnti);ii,i, in 16 Dej^rces, 40 Minutes Latitude, about 6 Icap.ues loim, but not fo broad. It was once thoutjht not habitable, for want of fielli Water, but the /w^/<//, who arc MaAers of it, have dry Wells, ar.d made Cillerns for Kain- watir, which lupply thcin, and it is now well Inh.ihitfd. Its Capital Town, call'd 5. jfo/j«/,has about ICO llouli!., t''e People are very well to pafs, haviiu; a (^'lod Trade with tlie other I- llands, and very threat plenty of Fowl and Cat- tel. Mc'ijo.tte, in tlie faine latitude, to tlic Weft- ward of tlie lail, in l-ij;are Oval, and about 1, Leai;ues in lentjth. Here is mucli Mountain, co- vcr'd witli Cedars, and other beautiful Trees, but tlie N'alleys are verv fruitful, being well water d. .Ml the I'rodnd is like the other I- llands. The itiyjilh have been po'Fefs'd of it ina- iiy Year'i, and are i;rown numerous, the inofl re- niarkahk' thmj; 111 it beiiij;a handlbine Churt!),tht I'ulpit, l\-ws, and Waiiiilotinti wliereof is neat, and all of fweet-fcented Wood. O'li.ul.Jupc is the largeft, and one of the fineft lllands the i'lcwh \tvi{'d], in that Part, being a- boiitOo ieaiiuesni Coiiipali, in 16 Degrees La- titinle, and IS eui in two from North to Soutli by a little Channel, only capable of carrying Canooes. The ILailern I'art is calld C.ibes Jem, and the Wellei n Ji.iljc Tore. There are feveral Hills in it, and particularly about the middle is a high .Mountain, partly craggy Rocks, and partly cover'd with [lately Trees. At the foot of tliele Mountains are many large N'ales, wa- ter'd by feveral Rivcr'^ and Brooks, as allbfomc hot Waters, LMiud tor curing feveral Dillemncrs proceeding lioni Cold. Several parts of tliele I'laiiisart Plow'd, u hull is not ulual in the other lllands, and tliey produce Rice, IhiUmi Wheat, .1/.»;<^.i;i.j Root to make their Cj/Tiy* liread, Pa- taias, (jiugfr, and Sugar, as well as any Coun- try Hi t!ie World. In ih.it Part cali'd I},i[fi-T{rte there is a gixid Tvjvvn, coiifilliiig of Rveral Streets, tlie Houles well built, and two Stories high y be fides a Pa- Villi-(.liurcli, and MoiialUnts ^A jejmts and Cir- if.iiitn, and large Warehoules. Thedovernour lives in a lliu.ue C.ilile witliout the Town. In the other I'ait, cali'd ('</'< j7i"<'i there is alfo a very g.x.d loit tor the I'ecuruy of it. The licah, who are polTclr'd of this large llland, iiave ere^ed feveral Sugar works, and drive a coiiliderable Ir.Kie witli tiiat Commodity, and the otiitrs aboveuieutiori'd. JJilJi.i,Li lies to the l-'.alhvard of Gu.iJ.iIiipe, ill the laine 1 aiitiide, and but 10 l.c.iguesfrom it. 1 he Laikl is axid enough, but not inhabited as yet. L'Ts^.itto!, and I.as Aie.-y or tile Saints and Illaiul of Inrds ', they are limr in number, South of 0:i:iJ.il!'pc , the other W ell from them, and io lall'd liom the multitude of Birds in it, be- tides \\hi(h they h.>ve iiotliiiisi remarkable, none of tlieia I);'.!!;- iiiliabited. Af.iriptUitme is In ij Deg^recs, 40 Minutes Lati' tude, plain and woody? mliabited by the French, who have made their Settlements there laterihaii in other lllands. Diiminict, in I J Degrees, %o Minutes lati' tude, I? leagues in length, and near as much over in the broadcft Place. In the midft of it feveral high Mountains enclofe au inaccelliblc liiottom, where from the tops of certain Rix:ks may befeenan infinite multitude of Reptiles of a prodigious Length and Bulk. This Ifland has never been pollefs'd by any I Mnteims, but con- tinues Hill in the Dominion of the Native CW«'- hih, who .ire at Peace with the French, but hate the Liiilijh, and do them all the Mifchief they are able. Thole who have feen it, (Iiy it is one of the heft of ilie C.iribbe lllands, for its fruit- ful \'.i o, and lar)je Plains, water'd by abun- daiueol excellent Springs. And this i'. thelaft of tliofc the Sp.miJiils call the Wiadward 1- llands. Mirtiiiko, as we call it, <)r Madanina accord- in c, to the hidiiDis, isthefirllto the Northward of thofe the SpMiiards call the Leeward Jflands, fcatcd in 14 Degrees, jo Mil atcs of North La- titude, 10 leagues long, and iibout aj in com- pafs, now one of the inoft noted, ami beft Peo- plecl of all the Carihh Idaiids. It has more Mountains than any ol the other lllands. which are all not habitable, being full of wild Hearts, and Serpents, and cover'd with ftately Trees. Hut there are abundance of Flats on Hills, and the fides of tliein all habitable, and good Land, tho' hard to cultivate, by realon of their extraordi- nary ilecpnels. The Tabacco that grows on the Lminences is much better than that in the Plains-.' Here are faid to be above lODOO French Inliabi- iants, betides Jndimis and Slaves, who arc no lefs numerous. The French have very much for • tilled this Place,aiid it is now oncof the ftrong- ell they have in the Wefl-Irtdies. S. Lucy lies South of thelaft, in 13 Degrees, 40 Minutes Latitude. Tlierc are in it two very high and fteep Mountains, and at the foot of them pleafant Valleys, fliaded with Trees, and water'd with many Springs, where the Benih have fome Settlements. li.vb.idoe.!, or according to the Spaniards, Bar bihUs, is between 13 and 14 Degrees of North Latitude, about 25 Miles in Length, and 12 in Breadth, and lies more to the Eaftward than any of the Caribbe lllands, the Land generally Plain, or with only (bme eafie Afcents, which a(Tord a plealant Profpert, being always jjrecn. The Capital of it is cali'd Bndge-Town , leated on Cuiljlc Bay, 111 the South-caft Part of the llland, on a low, boggy Ground, and confequent- ly unhealthy , yet the beft in all the £«g//y® 1- llands, as containing 1200 Houfes all of Stone, and lofty, and the Streets fpacious. The Wharfs and Keys are handfomeand convenient, and the Forts Itrong, being two, cali'd James , and ]Vdloughb)'i> Forts, befides Ncedham-> at a di- llance, and three Batteries along the Bay betwixt them. Above this lall the new Citadel is now building. Here is one large Church, and many Taverns and EatingHoules. The Bay is capable of 500 Sliips. Other Towns there are none of Note, but the llland is divided into eleven Parilh- cs. Here are only two that can be cali'd Ri- vers, which are i'. ltojcfh\ and Scotland River, the reft arc all inconiiderable Brooks. The prin- Q. q ci i cipaV ',:!=!i.- ■ik '«T! !-• r I m m f IT- ;l m I M V I i8o AMERICAN IS LJ N DS. ■fe rip.il Ci>ipiri'i(!itv of (!'e Ifimid i< well known ti) bi Sm;ar, 1^' I'lclis wliirh it piofl'ices Indigo, Cotton, and Glnp,*;!'. The Inli.ilnt.ints at (ivc- ftiit are ron'piitid at zs^co linnlijh^ Men, \\\>- niv"n wA r.liiMrrn, ami alnnit 6cooo Slaves. \ finccm is VV'cl\ from Kirbaduet, foincwhat ^oiitlitTly, alioiit 8 I oa^iK's lonn, and 6 in hreadtli, with cj.xid \',il!i'vs under the Moun- tain?, whcvi" the Native L'.inw.ili live pleafant- Iv, and imdifturli'd by any f //'';/;!•./« Nation, B.ili:t, in iz lVi;rces, 2% Miniiros latitude, is but 10 or II 1 c,i;;nes in (^ompaCs, and has a f!;o(!d Harlour, hut is not iuliahited, nor re- (ortcd t-> fo'- want of frclh Water. Cr.iv.iii.t, in 12 Decrees, i6 Minutes I atitude, 7 I e.if.ues lotiK, the Hreadilt varvmi', u^iicli. 1 h'i hei/rh are in I'ofTellion of it, and drive a good Trade with Su^jar, Ginger, and excellent Fa baico. Toh.t!,'' lies nlmoft as far to the Faftward as Bivh.id.ei^ inn Dei;rees, 16 Minutes latitude, isab<>nt?ri Iraaiusin Coinpalsjand bytlic I'>:tiilj, wlo polfelVd ii, iicalld Ntn-lVikhrr. It has no liir,h Mount nils, lnu f. iik' pKalaiit li'.lls, de- lii'.htful \'a1levs, andfruttlnl l'lains,lhadid with Cedars, ai'd utlicr valualile Trees of a prodii',i- oiis Ikiiihrit. Thi' land pn'diucs all t!iini;i proper to tlion." Iiot Ccnntrics witltout any i',reat lahoiir:, as llite. Millet, K'al".', Heans, Maitdi- orra-Root, t"f. hctng molt pIcntifuHv water'd witli curious Kivcr-, Hrooks, and Spriii;;,s. 1 he Vi.ith, will) have tlie Dominion of tliis Iliand. have, for their own Suiiritv, built on it ^ !;ood Forts, and tbe i'lanters beinn I'.rown very nii- hieroiis, have now a vtry confiderabL' Trade of Tabacco, Ginger, Cotton, Iiidi}'.", andSi'sar. / ( JyhtUiul, or tile Trinity. The ^p.tiiinds reckon tliis and tlie others we arc here tolpeak of, nnoiii; the leeward lllind-, and theretorc. .N has been before oblerv'd, tiiey are here plac'cl with the others, tlio' they feem more pa/ticu- l.irly to beloiij; to South Amcnt i. it is much lari;er than any of ilie otiiers, feared between lo and ir Degrees 1 atitude, divided from the Continent, or CoalV of /.''(.;, by a S'y( ,i[ht , wliich Coltiiil'i!.!^ the firft Dilroverer, call'd Krv.t dd Dr. Ilia, or the Draf;on's Month, and is about 2^ I ea<;ues in length from Fall to Welt, and 25 in breadth fro:n North to Si'Uth. The >>./- fii.tcls fav it is neither Iiealtliy nor fruitfii! , tlio' Sir \]\i!i'.r R.iKleiih contradii'^s them, yet tiicvo'ajihr tokn..w bell, who fettkd it, andliave tiere a finall Town thev call >. "Jihi'-h winch is as much as need be faid ot it, as bemji never famous for Trade, or any t!n.n:;romiiieiKlahle. Miirj'/iril.i lies to tlie VVelhvard of the Vri- »/.')', cm tlie lame (Joaft, in 1 1 Det',ree5 1 atitude, beiii;:» about 1 5 LcHioies lopij, and 6 in breadth, Earted from the Cuiitment of Sou'ii yJmrricii V a Channel about 7 l.eat^ues wide. It is ve- ry difliiute of fnlli \\'ater, and yet fruitful, "Aoody, and lull of Failure. The .*>>(»/j.»7/.i here have two I'm, ill Towns, the onei.n iheSeaCoall, witli a faille, the other two Leagues np the I and. I his I'lace waj formerly famous for the Pearl-Filhcry, which was the occallon (if buiUi- ing the af irefiid lort, but at prefent tluit lilhe- ry has ceas'd. The Natives receiv'd the 5;;,;///- .1 .-if friendly, and '.vere treated accorchniil y , lij that ihe.y are llill numerous, and live aiiuea- bly with the Sp.mi.irAs. Qsb.i^iit and C-.cIa arc two very fmall Illands between Ma.^vit t and the Continrnt. Theif were in eftcem \\h\\\} the IVarl lilhery luted, but (iiiitc nci'.Uiffed finrc that ceas'd, B!i>;t.i, T'.iiw, Orihaii, R0C1, and jlvrs lie ;;lmi)ft in a Row, ftiU to the Weftward on the fame Coall, and have ninhin^; in them worth taking notice of! B:!it'-/i\)t is llill Weft, in about 12 Dej',rfc< I atitude, about 16 l.eaJues in Compils. Tlic Hanks are In deep that the Sliip; mull mike fall to Tree-, or carry their Anchors all oar. It i> full of Cow-, Sheep, Horfes, Swine, .md Goats, which have muUiply'd there Inice the Sp.i- niirtls put tliein in, who live there, th.j' very few In number, amon,", the Natives, they bein^; allChriflians. The only tiling it yields to carry abroad is 1 oi'.wood. Qirar^.io is' to thv' WMl of tlielifl, about to I eai;iies in length, thebrc.idth vario.i-. On the North-call lide of it is alari'e Kiy, b:n itlusm* t;ood .\nc!i,>niu.i for lai.'.e Slnpj. it aliniiiids in ('attel, and iias uuuli I .i^w xkI, bit the Dutch, wlio liave made thei'il'elves Mailers of it, now plant labacco, and h.ive Sii!;ir works 01 It, //'«/'./ is the lall of thel'e illands, liill to tliO Well ward, al'ont 5 Leagues in Compafs , inlu bited by a few >'pi:i'unds and Natives, which is as much as need- be laid of it. All the Illands on the Coall of A'fTT'-5'/)i»(», fet down in tlie Table, arc fo fmall and iiuoiifider.i- bic, that 110 Author has any mure tlian their bare Names, wliich lliall alio fuffice ns, there bein:t notliint; in t!te;u that can rciiuire .1 particulac mention. California, or New-Albion, Is in tlie South Se.i, on the liark of NcvAfc' x.ia, and it was loiij; dubious whether a I'enin- fiil.i or an lllcid, but at lall the .S'/j w/ /iv/j fail'cl i|ui e round, and made a Map of it, which llievvs it to extend from 24 to 36 IX't;rees of North { iititnde, lyin-j Nurtii well and South eall, bc- ini; above <ioo r,eai;ucs in leni^th, the breadtlinear T50 I.eavHs, 11140 Decrees Latitude, but fomc- what to the Soiithward it grows narrower, and continues tapering olf all the way to the end. Tlie Streight which parts it from the Continent is ail ailing 30, 40, or 50 I cagues over, and e- veii more in many l^lares, hut every where Ihcxd, and many Unall Icatteriiig illands in it, which renders the I'afTag'j very dangerous, and toge- ther with the vehement Cold of tlie Northern I'art hindei'd the fu'.l Difcovery of it for many Years-, for the Dilcoverers have found it colder in 50 Degrees of North Latitude in Americt tlian in fto in Europe, and li) nroportionably. Ail tlie Iliand i- inhalnted by abundance of Indi^v: Nations, wlio either go naked, or at bell ule only l()me fmall covering of Mats, or Skins. Their way of Living and Superllitions much the fame, .Is lias been laid, of oilier Northern yi«.c>/(J'/.f, belidcs tl'at, to lay the Truth, the Inland of it has never I'een dilcover'd , nor have any made lo loii^ a llay upon the Coulls as to know much of it. To this l)ay the Sp.itn.pds have made no Comiuells ill it that we have heiud of, tl.o' on the Continent they liave liibdued as high a» the iiiult Northern I'art of Cilifani,./'.. This make.- it evident that the iliand is not-' worth then- trouble, tho" lo large, for liad itb^'en, they wIm have mil up to ab.jvc 4> Degrees Latitude on the . C"oiUincii*- n r s- So t'TJ A ing, IS II and com Sp.r.-H , fo a vail E Toy of . Mowcver I TERRA FIRMA 281 rontincnt wou'd t-rver have tf>tallv neglcfted that wliidi i* ('■ '.ic.ir, and rear hes ctcii witliin the Tiopick i>f Cwcer. It is t<v) remote from any otiier Natioti, and that diltancc has been its t;reati'l\ I'roteftion, for except the 5p.iM/(ir<^/, no other t'ltrnpcw Heonl.' can come at them, but that immenl'e way "f tiie Strtit;hts of Aftgell.tn^ or the Fretuh^ crolling all the Continent at C<- nitdii, the breadth \v1icrc if is vet unknown , notwithftandinR the blind GuelTes and Conje- fturr of F. Hennepin, which no Man who undcr- ftandi anv thinj; of Geography can think reafon- ablc. This is as much as need be laid of CjU- fnniiit till better known, and for the fmall liland* about It, the Name of them may I'uifice, there bcinii nothing in them remarkable. I I'enii;- ./ifail'd \\ llievvs North all, be- dUi near Hit fomc- er, and the end. mtincnt , and e- re llioiil, wliich d to.-'.e- Northein )r many ii cokler Ainciicl ibly. Ml of Indi^iK bert ul'e Ills. Tlii-'ii' the i.KWiCy n:erii..vi!, md of It ny made )()\v much made no , tl.o' (111 i^h a» the Ills inakc> rth then ihey wl;.' detmtlie :oiUuicn'. CHAP. Xll. Of South AMERICA, andfirftof TIERRA FIRME; or the MAIN-LAND, fiibicdt to SPAIN. Terra Fir ma. As all tlie North America, as far as fub- \c(\ to the Sp.wi.irds , being much the greater Part of what is worth Conquer- iiu;, is iiibordinatc to tlic \'iceroy of Mexico, and comprehended under the Title of Ncw- Sp.K>i , fo is all the South America, tho' of fuch a vail Extent, under the direftionof the Vice- roy of Peru, and often call'd by that Name. However, this, as well as the North America, is divided into feverfll Regions and Governments; and thofe again fubdivided into Provinces, of all which we are now to treat, as has been done of the others, they being all to he fcen at one View m tlie general Table of America, and now we come to defcribc them in particular. The firft entire Region , or Portion of this Southern Continent, is by one univerfal Name call'd Titrra Firmt, or the Main-Land, not but that m I III if % IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 S '" IIIM I: 1^ ""'^ !l-4 IIIIII.6 6" V] <? /}. m ^;. ^a ^^ tf* A. V 7 Photograpmc Sciences Corporation 73 WEST MAIN STREET WfitSiER.N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 m \ ,v % V % V > %'■ \:^^ iSi TERRA FIRMA that .ill the others are alfo upon the Continent ;, but this Name was given to this Part, be- caijreit was thefirft found out after the lilands, and therefore call'd Main-Land^ to diftinguiih It from them-, \et as Difcoveries encreas'd, eve- ry Country had its diftinftivc Denomination, and this ftill retain'd the firft, which peculiarly adher'd to the j'rovince of P.inamii, and more generally to the reft here mention'd under this Head , which may be feen at once under the following Table. Tierra Fir»,e or the CP'""'""'- lierrit t-irme, or tne p^^^^ ^ ^ f'^iM^r'^"]'"' Nombrede Dies. ly call d the //.j;«-^' ^7... Lund, or of Pana- ma, or Cliff ilia del Oro. Natii. j4cla. Citret.t. JJoyia^-e. fCartiigena. I l^i/la de Mm id, \ Mopox. Cartagena, "i Ccm. I 5. Sebajiiitn de biitua 'fS.inta M.irt.i. Los Reyes, J Ocii/in. Santa Marta. "^ ra>nalameqne. I Tetierife. \La Ritiiuid.t. rRio de la H.nli.t. Rio de la Hacha. ^ La Ratichcri.i. \_Coqmbocoa. fye/ie:.iielii, Coro. INitcflraSeiiora de Cir- Viillcdo. Santiago de Leon INiteva l^alcncia. Nneva Xc>c:<, Veneiuela. «^ Nucva Segovia. Tiiaiyo. Tritxillo, Portilla de Carora. Lagiina, Maracapann. JJomanagoffa. Paria, or Nueva An- daluzia. Tlie New Kingdom^ ol danada. Popayan. •Santiago Fort: ^Ciimatia, Niteva Cor- dova. I Morequito. Acavacun. ' Sami Tome. \ Santa Fe de Bogota , Sa/i Aiiiuel. Tocayma, La Trinidad. Pdma. Tii'/ia. Pamplona. Merida. '< S. Lbr/iuval. Felex,. Afarcquita: Tbagiia. f-'^itorta. S.J HUH de til! Llano:. Cacetes. {J'lajencia. fPopay.M. J Santa Fe de Aiitiochia, C.iranianta. Arma. •■Jm.crma. Cartaoo. Cali. ' J S. Sebafiian de la Plata. Buenaventura. Timanc. Pajln. Madrigal. Almaguer. A^reda. (liuidalajara de Bitga. L5. Juan de TruxiUo. SI Tierra Firme, or the Province peculiarly call'd the Main-Land, or Province of Panama, and Cadilla del Oro. ^A'hicIl laft Name is now quite out of u(e, and cannot be properly apply'd to this Province, heciufe under that Name there was a much great- er extent of land, which in fome old Maps is (till ui.ide much more than it was ^ but being to ipcak of tliiiii'jS as tlify now arc, it is nccdlcfs to enter upon a farthi;r DiHiuifition of th.it Mat- ter. The Name it now j'.enerally gocsby, is ci- ther Tierra Ftrnte, the Main-l.and, or the Pro- viiac of Pan.inui, from its Capital City. X\w Extent of it is not conl'iderable, the So- vereii;n Court cftablilh'd at Panama being only intended to dilpatch the Heets, and decide all Controverfies among thole toncern'd in Trade. T!ius i!ie greateft length of it from the 1-roiitiers dl (.'aril. ana I and l'vp.iya>i.,u> tho'it^ oi yeragna, is about go Leagues, and tlie greareft breadtli fijin Sea to Sea, 60, but where kalt, only ib', which is between Porto Belo and Panama, and that in a ftrait Line is not above 7 or 8 Leagues, ixsAcofta makes out, but the great Hills ana Windings make it Co long. Moll of the Land is uncouth and Mountain- ous, with abundance of Bogs, and coniequentlv barren, producing little beiides Jmiian Wlieat, and but a linall quantity of that, yet h.is good grazing tor Cattel, and particularly Qiws.'Tlie Air is generally thick, full of Vapours, liotaiid moift, aud therefore very unwholelbme from /I/.-/1. till A'even.bcr ; however, the Trees are conti- nually green, and cover'cl with Leaves, but af ford little liuit. The Sea and Rivers atfjrd great plenty of lilh, but the latter arc very full of Alligators •, and as for bealls , iiere are all forts, but efpecially multitudes of wild Cat<, and of a fiiiall I, it of Creatures., which have a lortof a B.ig under their lielli'.-, wherein th.y carry llieir young ones, and at Night get into Houles and Yards, and dcllroy the i'oultry. Tliis Province is form'd of t!ie f iinous Ijibmiif wliiih joins tlie Nortli and boiiih An.iriia, and acrofi TERKA FIRM A. i%% aliarly J im>re Icr this ier tlic lit Cor- t,i. U-mo!. ntioC'Ji.i- la Plata. • Buga. ruxillo. ti7/tni:t, and 8 Leagues, Hills anu Mountair.- jnlequciitlv Ml \/Vlicat, has i!,ooci O-Avs. The rs, liotancl e troin M:iv arc Conn- ies, but at" vers affijfd re very full K're are all wikl Cats, uch have a herein th-'V It ^;et int.» ouUry. ous Jjit"':''f lAiiiii, and acrols arrofs which alt the Trade hetween Peyn and Sptiifi is manar/d , the diftance roinid by Sea lK'iii<; too threat, and the Danger, cither througli the Strei^iits of Atigellitu, or farther to the Southward too (;reat. The Refort of the Spa- nijh Slnps was firfl: to Nomhre de Dios, after- wards to Poito Jiclo, as the fafer and more con- venient Harbour, there the Cotr.m<^dities are all 1 anded, and carried over tliat Neck of Land of i8 leagues, as hasheenfaid, io Pantnui, where they areai',ain ShippVj for Peri', and all theCoafVs of the Simth Se.i. in like manner the I^lateano other Goods of Peru are traniported by Ship to P.i>i.i>ti.\ and tiicnce coiivey'd by land-Car- riage to Pbrto liiio, wliere they are imhark'd on hoard the Sp.mijh Ships. TheCityot P.w.vihi, Capital of the Province, is feaied on the Coali of the South Sea, i8 I, (.agues, ;is has been laid, from Nowbrcde Dios, its opp'ifite on the North Sea. It takes up but a Imall Loirpals, liL'canle hemm'd in on the one fide by a ivhu Ih, wh«le foul Exhalations render it very unwhuleiiime ■, befides that it flands due Eaft and Well, fo that as foon as the Sun is up, there is no heinp^ in any of the Streets for want ot Shade, and the Heat is fo violent, that it kills any Man iIkii goes about much in tlie Sun. It might hav^' bee'n built in healthy Pla- ces, halt a l.ea;;ue from the Sea, but the Mi- ilakebemi?, once committed, building is fo charge- able there, that they caic not to remove, be- fides that, it is only inhabited by Merchants, who get b'.llates in a few Years, and are gone. Tiio' the Coitntrv about it is barren, the City is plentifully provided witli all things by Sea. Pacr Arias dc Ai, Li, thefirlV Governour of th-> Country for rlio Emperoiir Charles the Fifth, was the Founder, and it ftands in near 8 De- j'rees of North 1 atitude. It has a good Port, where the Ships remain dry at the Ebb, as dogs all the Coall for half a_ league. This is the Account of Cr?.,-/ in his tirft Part of the Chro- nicle of Perii^ who Ipeaks not by hearfay, but as an Eyewitnels. Nn/i.brc dc Di).i \v.is built by James de Ni- ciieljt, on tlie North Sea, where, for fome time, it Ii.id all the Trade of Sp:ii>i, and Peru, but being found to he extremely unhealthy , the Wiird, and rhence up thst River, when it has Water enough to a Place call'd f'oita dc las Crvics, whence there are but 5 1 c.igues more by I. and to Panai?:a. N.'ta is fcated 30 Leagites VV'efl from Pant- fra, on the South Sea, Founded by the Governour Peter Alias's Order, but this is no confidera- ble Place of Trade, and confequcntly of little Note. The li.me may be faid of Ada, another inconfiderable Place of Trade, founded alfo by Peter Arias, abovemention'd, on the North Sea, at the Mouth of the Gulph of ZJraba, now gone to ruin. Careta and Coinagre are alfo upon the North Sea, inhabited only b^ Natives, and for- merly the Heads of two Tribes of them, which had each its Cacique, or Petty King. The chief River here is that abovemention'd, by the Natives call'd Chagre,AV\A by the Spaniards fometimes Rio de Lagartos , that is, the River of AlHgators, up which, as has been faid, the Goods are (binetiines carry 'd towards Panama, that is, chiefly in Winter, when it has Water enough, for in Summer it has very little. This is on the North Sea, and on the South that of Chapo, near wliofc Springs formerly much Gold was found. Weft ward from Panama, is that call'd dc las Bal- fa.', on whofe Banks there grows plenty of good Timber for building of Ships. At certain times this River fwells 16 high, that it overflows all the Country about. CuliimbiiswM the firft thatdifcover'd this Coun- try, that is, the Coaft along the North Sea, and gave the Names to Porto Bdo, and Nomhre dc Dios. After him feveral attempted to make Set- tlements in thole Parts, and when they had fu- ftain'd great Lofles, and fuffer'd the greateft hardlliips imaginable, at length Fafco Nunez, de Balboa commanding, got intelligence from the Indians of the neamels of the South Sea, and travelling over the Ifihrms, open'd the way to it. Peter ArtusAhe fucceedaig Governour, found- ed, as was faid above, Panama, and Ships were then built on the South Sea to difcover along thofe Coafls. The Spaniards being pofTefs'd of thefe wealthy Countries, and the Fame of the Treafure found there Ipread abroad, excited the Avarice of many to rob theirt of what they had purchas'd with fuch Iiiiiineer Joha Ji iptijta Antonclii, by the King of unlpeakable Fatigues, The firft we find attempt- Spai>:\ Order, remov'd the Station to Porta iiig upon thefe Parts was Sir Francis Drake, who Relo, and la^, that when he went to view it, took Nor.bre de Dios and plunder'd it. and pro- tliere were not above ?o Families, and (incc it ceeded tlience to Porto Belo , wlierc he did the has decreas'd , as not being relorted to, lo fame and dy'd, as we read iiijiis Expeditions ^ that ir is onlv inhabited by a few Indians and Blacks. Porto Belo, is the Place the Fleets now refort to, as being more healthy, and convenient for loading and unloading of the Ships, and their fecurity aganifl the VVeather, and Enemies, ha- ving two 1 ort>, one on each fide the entrance of "^the Harbour. It is 5 leagues Well fr<^in Nombrc de Dios, the Harbour deep, and capable of many Shipsj all a good Sand, without Rocks or Flats, witli 12 Rwers and Brooks hilling in- to it, which make ealie watering for Ships at all limes. About it there is Plenty of excel- lent Timber (or building of Snips, and Stones for liallaft. There are two ways from hence to Panan.a for tvanfporting ot Goods, the one all by land, ot 18 Leagues, abetter Road than that from Nombi e de 1 iw^ ; tlie other, 18 Leagues by Sea to the Mouihol the River C>;./firf,VVeft- but when he took Numbre dc Dios it was almofl abandon'd, for its Unliealthinefs, as was faid a- bove, and at Porto Hclo there were not above 8, or 10 Houfes built as yet. Capt. Parker in the Year 1601, again furpriz'd Porto Belo, when it was in a better Condition,which he Plunder'd and went otf, without doing any farther Harm, and carrying away 9 or looco Ducats there was then in the King's Treafury, 120000 having been fent away to Cartagena before his coming. Next to him Capt. Morgan, having gather'd a great Num- ber of Pyrates in the Year 1669, attack'd Porto Belo in the Night, and furpriiing the Sentinels, who tliere lay lecure without Thoughts of an Ene- my, Mafter'd the Forts, Plunder d the Town, and put the Inhabitants to Ivanlom. Here they ftay'd leveral Days, committing all the Outrages themoft barbarous Pagans coulci be guilty of, ra- vilhing the Women, miirdering the Soldiers alter Qua :tcr Mih ii i84 TERRA FIRM. I Quiiiter given, and putting the Inhabitants U> the Torture to ohlige tlitm to tlifcover, wlictherthcy had any hidden Treifure. The following Year i6yo,Afo>f^.vi returii'd again witli a greater r.uin- ber of Pv'''^tes, and running up tlie River Cfc,j;;tf, made his Way to Pan.ima , which he alfo took, plunder'd and burnt, committing the (iime Barba- rities over again, that tliey had praftis'd tlie Yt:ar before, all which may be feen as large in the 1 ii- llory of Bitcaiiiers of Aine; icu. Before we leave this Province, it i: proper to obflrvc that Dniai, once a Province of it lelf is now only a part of this wc here i'peak of', but at prefent quite delart and abandon'd. It takes Name from a River fo call'd , on which in the Ye.ir 1510 the SptitjiM-iis built a Town, and call'd it Niiellfd SenmrAlu Anugiitt del D.iriai, which advanc'd fo far as to be erefted into a Biiliop's Sec. However when tlie South Sea was difcover d, Fcter AriM, the Governour, remov'd all the In- habitants to Ptni.ima, by reafon of the unwliole- fomnefs of the other, which had been the Death of many Hundreds of Sp.miards, as both Peur A/,iri]>- and Conitra inform us. This is the Place (ij much talk'd im cf late Year*, on Aciomit of thu Scots Settlement attempted to be made there, on Pretence that the S;\tni,ird.'^ witli whom we tvere then at Peacebad no Title to it, afier an umiuefliou'd PoHcliion of near ;co Years. Cartagena, The next Province to the Eaflward, is divided from that of P,i:i.i//hi, by the Gulph of Vr.iba and River of D,o/<v/, which are its VVeftern Boun- daries, on the North it has the North Sea i on the Eall Kio G'r.irulc , or the Great River •, part- ino it from the Province of .V./«f.; A/an.t, and on the South is feparated by a Ridge of Mountains from the Province of yti^.i^vw, according toCci,/, wlH>ni I rather chcole toYollow, as onethit liv'd there, than L.:ct, who makes the New Kingdom o( O'i :!>;.i:l.i, its Soutliern Boundary. Its whole length from Eall to \\ ell, between Rio (inwde and tlie (julpli i.A'J,ab,i is about So Leagues, and about the fame l^readt!) froui Nortli to South be- tween tlic Ocean and P'^iiytiii. The Country is mollly high Mountains and deepN'alleys, cover'd with thick Woods, which make it very Moill,and tlie nearert to the Line, for it lies between 7 and 11 Degrees cjf Latitude, e\treamly li<>t, and cunfequently not at all heal- tliy. That excels of Moiflure is alio the Caufe It doe>i not produce an\ Europeiiu Grain,or Fruit ■, h'lt the Mountains are full of Aromatick Trees, tiom which tlie Natives draw Odoriferous Gums and Medicinal Ballam of fingular N'irtue. There does not appear to be any Gold in this Country, or but very little. Tlie Natives were fierce and warlike, doing muth Mifchief to the SpMii.tid! for a long Time with th.eir poifon'd Arrows, till they liave been all either dellroy'd, or broiij^ht into •^'ibjeftion. On the Mountains there are all forts of V. lid Beal\s, andiiokfs \'ariety olTowl, and t!ie Sea 'fields great Plenty of tilli. r,/i,-..;;( /. , the Metropolis of this Province, Iiid its Nau>e Iri-MU that iii.sp.dw, becuuleol loine Re- lembhinLi there isbetwuii both their Ports ^ I: is I'eated in 10 Dui^recs of Nordi Latitude, m a Peuinfula, on a larae Plain , tlie Co.ill running Hat an:! I.indy to the Sea. On the South fide it li !•• a Morals, call'd Qi/iupote, over wliich tlicre is a Caufway, with two Arches in it, for the Tide to come in and out to tlie .Vlarlh. Tlie BuiUimj? of the Town is very handforn, and ith.K ^ Prin- cipal Streets, each near 600 Paces in length, witli Stately Iloulisi belides a large Street running athwart them all, and feveral otiier ("mailer. The publickStru<fturcsare the Cathedral •, the Town- lloufe, the Cuftom-l-loufe and (ome Monalleries of Domiiik.ws and Fr.wclji.ins. Ihe Harbour is reckon'd one of the beft m tlie World ; And is the place where the Galleons lie at Anchor, and receive tiieir Lading from Pono-Biio-^ and hence they fail to the Hdv.vi.i in Cuba, in their Way to Europe. Sir Frii/.iis Dtakc t(K)k this City in the Year 1585, and after Plundering, let I- ire to it, which cjiiluincl only one Part of it, the rell being ran- fom'd by the inhabitants for izoooo Ducats^ Iiowever the Booty w.is not confiderable, tlie In- Iiabitants having before lent away all their heft EiTeifts to Tain, an Inland Town. This we I:ave in the Accounts iii S\v IrMci' ih:ikc\ \'oi,ai;es. In 1697, Mou^Mw Ac Pointi with a Sqii.idron of y-Jrw/j Ships, took this Citv, after a formal Sieije and carry'd olfa very connderahle Mafs of Trea- liir.;, as may be feen in the particular Relation of that Expedition. The other Towns here are yUla de Af.:n\i, Maries Town ^z Leagues South from Curtjgoia, built by Don Pedro de Heredi.i, in tlie Year 1534. Next .S'.w^rf Ovii, de Afopox, 70 Leagues di(rai-;t from C,irtai[e/ia , the VVay that is always us'd, that is by Sea to the ( ireat River and t.'nii up it, for it llands on the Banks of tlie Rivt,- of.S". A/.rj- dakii, very conveniently for Trade, hut not heal- thy, as lying among Alorad'es, built by Capt. 7't- ter de fleredia, Ann. 1535. Zoiu is a Harbour,' (U- large Bay 25 Leagues from Cart/if^en.i, where abundance of Salt is made, which has drawn fome People, who have there built an inconliderable Town of the fame Name. S.Sih.ijlian de Bitenu Fijlit, once an inditTercnt Place at the Bottom of the Gulph of Vr.ib.if was afterwards abandon'd, fo that it hasfcarce any Inhabitants at prefent. 7oli:, or Simriai^o dc Tola is 6 Leagues from tlie Sea .South-weft from C.irtagen.i and 12 Leagues dirtatit from it, becaufe there is no going alt the way by Land, butaboutby Sea, and then roun.i MoralTes yet is reckon'd healthy, and the Land produces all forts of European Cjrain and Fruit. From hence comes the precious and much fam'd Balliim ofToln, reckon'd the beft of Balfams, flow- ing from Trees by Incifion, when the Sun is hot- ttft. It is of a ruddy gold colour, of an indilfe- rcnt Confiftence, and noill Tafte, but an excel- lent Smell, and it is rood for all the Ufes that Balm of Oile,td was put to-, the Curious may lee all its Vertues in Aioii.irda, from whom wehuve taken this little. Santa Marta Follows next to the Eaftward, having C/rf.i gcn.i on tlie Weft, the Nortli Sea on the North, Kiu de l.i ll.tchi on the Eall, and the New Kin^ dom of cir.i/i.id.i on the South •, its Extent 70 leagues in length and a^ imicli in Breadth. \ Country abouiicluig in Ji/di ui Wlieat, and Pota- toes, ami \, ieldnig imicli C>old and Copper, asallo io.iie I'meranlda, and other precious "jtones. Towards the Sea, the Heat is cxcellive, but far- ther up the Land the Air is mucii more tempe- rate. TERRA FIR MA 285 I ICC r.lte, bccauTe of tlieneariiiTs of the fnowv Mean- ley of ///,i/-.r(, wliirh if ;k fidl <j! \'eiiis of Cop laiiis, which cool it •, particularly that Diftncl per a^ of Stone^. or Libert !,• they call lairoiui is verv Cold, as being hii!,h and Mouiiraiiiou?. Near the Sea, tlie RiodclaHacha Breezes help much to moderate the Heat, btinr, the Eart and North-i.'arr Winds. Stptember and Odohcr are very rainv Months, becanie then the Winds blow more fro;n the Land, but the rell of the Year the dry Winds prevailing, there is very little Rain. The Natives are of a good Stature, and aTtive :, but haupjitv and (icrvcrle, fo that the Sp.:/^i.ircis have not yet been able entirily to fubdiic theip» many ftill living a brutal Li!c on the Monhtanis, under their own petty Kini', , wearing C)tton Cloaks of feveral Colours, and u!uigpoiluii'd Ar- rows in their Wars. Tins Province is Oib-divided into feveral Di- firii'ts, a? that oi Tairon,i abtvemention'd , fix leagues from the Nortli Sea, tlie iMountain Part whereof is not yet fully lubdu'd , but the Spa- niards are Marters of the rich Valley •, near to which is that of yW(-/.',;.ry, no. lels large and weal- thy. Buritlca is a Liberty 1 3 Leagues from Santa Marta •, Borid.i but three Leagues and a half frcjm it •, and the N'alley of Coto is Iialf way between the City and the Diftrift of Poz.igHccia, Betoma and Chlinala are two other Territories •, the Men of the latter are noted for Strength and Bravery and the Women for Beautv- In this Province be- gins the great Ridge of Mountains, which cuts all South yh,:crica in two, and runs down to tlie Streights of Magelliifiy of which welliall fpeak ni another Place. Santa Alarta is the Capital City from wliich the Province takes Name, ieated in 10 Degrees and a half of North Latitude, in a very wliol- fom Place, on the Coafl of the North Sea, where it has a fafe and fpacious Harbour, with good An- chorage, and conveniency for retitting of Ships, and VVatenng. The City was once much nmre populous than it is fince the Trade of Spain lias decrease!, however it is a Billiop's See, wliofe Prelate is Suifragan to the Metropolitan of tlie l^ew I- iinidom of Granada^ and yet that Icarce keeps up the Place, which is therefore neglerted and expos'd to all Enemies. The other Towns are Tenerife^^o Leagues South- weft from Santa Marta, on the Banks of the great River of S. Alagdalcn. 2. Tamalameque, ox (^illa de las P. lima.', io 1 cagues Southof 7f«c>(/f, and 2 from Magdalen River, in 8 Degrees North Latitude,the Country about it hot,but often over- How'd by tlie River, which occafions much Pa- iture, and coniecinently Plenty of Cattle, but it bears liitleelfe. The Indians of this Part are ve- ry llupid, and w holly addifted to Sloth and Peafl- ini;. 3. Ciitdad dc los Rncs , or the City of the Kings, 50 Leagues South-eafl fr<)in Santa Marta, oil the River (^itataporiy having its Summer when our Winter i^, and that Temperate, by reafon of the EaltVV'inds continually blowing, and their Winter all Rain, when the People are fubjeft to Agues. The Soil is fruitful in Pafturc and Fruit, and the Natives are Numerous, Cruel and V\'ar- like, lb that the Soamaids being very tew, have not been able to fuodue thein all. 4. Oconna is a linaU Town upon a Pais up the Country, next the Territtiry of I'amalameque. /.,) Kaniada, firfb call'd Salamanca, is. ;o Lca'_',ues Eaft from Smta Alarta, at the Foot of the liiowy Mountains,' and on the Edge of th.-\'.iL- vcrv fmall Province joyning on the Weft ra ,l/.;>;,;,on the North it has the North Sea, to .s .7; on tlie I'ait a great Bay that parts it from fene' zjiila^ and i)n the South the New Kingdom of Gra- nada. Tlie Extent of it up the Inland is but fmall, vet t!iat extraordinary fruitful, once plentiful in Gold .:)id precious Stones, and the Sea yielding Pcarisand Salt •, but all thole precious Commodi- ties have fail'd, except the lafl, which is of leail N'alue. The land has many wild Beafts, and the Water fwarins with Alligators. . TheTown cM'A Rio de la Hach.t, hadfirft the Name of Suellra Sennora de los Nieves, and after that de las Remediosy is 30 Leagues Eaft from Santa Mart a, 17 South from Cape de Uyela., built on a fmall Hill, about a Mile from the Sea, where it has an indifferent Port. It was formerly confiderable for Wealth, yet had not above an liundred Houfes, when in greateft Profperity, and mucli lefs, when taken by Sir FrancU Drake in his uiincrican Expeditions. Six Leagues to the Eaftward of it is another fmall open Tovn call'd La Rancheria , being only a Village of Huts, as tlie Name imports,for thofe who follow'd the Pearl Filliery^ belides there are two other Villages ra- ther than Towns, the one call'd 'Tapia and the other Raniada, of all which there is nothing worth mentioning. Venezuela, On the Weft is feparated from the Province of Rio de la I/acha, by the Gulpli of Cofo and the lAcA/aiiicaibo, and by the Mountains Aom the New Kingdom of Granada •, the lame Ki"gdom of Granada being on the South .^ Paria, orNfw ^1n- dalnfut on the Eaft , and the. North Sea on the North \ fo that it extends about 1 30 Leagues in Length from Eaft to Weft, and 80 in Breadth, from North to f^outh. The Soil is fruitful and yields two Crops in a Year ; bcfidcs there is excellent grazing, and a- bundance of Cattel , which is the Realon this is call'd the Magazine, or Granary ^ becaufe from hence they fend to other Provinces great Quanti- ties of Wheaten Meal, Bisket, Cheele and Bacon , as alfo much Cotton Cloth , great Numbers of Hides, and vaft Quantities of Sarfaparilla , but above all of Citcao growing in the Territory of Caracal, and reckon'd the beft in the World, for all ( jame and Fifli, there is as much Plenty as any wlierc ; but as for Gold or Silver, none is yet found. This large Province tontain'd feveral Nations of Lidiau.', from whom of Confequence fcvera) Diftrifts took Names, of fome of which mention will be made. It is worth oblerving, tliat not- withfiauding the great llavock made in this Pro- vince by the Germans and all the pretended Cru- elty of l\\t Spaniards, there are Itill reckon'd in this Country above icocoo Tributary Indians, all. above )8 and under 50 Years of Age, for no otiiers Pay. The Towns the Spaniards have built here are Co/ 0, or rcncuicla, the Capital,feated in 1 1 De grces Latitude, in a temperate Country , but iir provided with frelli Water, and ftaridmg' in a R r 1 Plain- m .■Ah lu TERRA FIRM A Plain, tlio' all about it be Moiintair.oiis. About the Towti Sui'ar Ciiiu's r;iii\v to a woiick'i'ful hi;;- nefs, and tln-ix' is miicii Honcv and Wax, and fuftictciit of !iot!i Enrope.m and luAi.in VVicat. Two I'urti holoi^t; to it, tin- one a League from it W'eftvvavd , tlic other 2, I-.ca£r,ncs and a half to the Nortliw.ud. The Land puts out from the City i; I i.,i(;iie-.into the Sea, and is call'd Parn- gDtiiij\ but the utniol> Point Cane >'. A'c/'/.w. The Govcniour of the l'r<'vince and the Rilliop, who is SufiVai!,an to S.i/no Domina^o in the Illand Hi- J'pwicil.i refide I'.er.'. Near the City, and tiie Way leading to tlic Mountains, is the Plain the >"/>.(- vi;iids call I."! Llii-iios lie C.iior.i, 16 Leagues in Icn^tli and (> in Hreadth, abounding in all thnifiS for the Support of Life , particularlv Irnli.m AVlieat, as alio Bealis of l^iu'den. Kroin tlicTown they j^o into the Territory call'd B-irifiic^imtto, over the Hills Z.:l.//.;.(i->?,', where are a barbarous fort of /^/ir//'.v;..-, not yet wholly fulidu'd. NiuJIr^iSaiuoya Ac C.iriaUed.i^K the nextTov.'U, about 80 Leagues E.ift from f.'o/-o, in thcProvitice of C.trac.K, near tlieSea, but the Port not Safe •, Vet there is a I orr call'd alio Ciraus built on it. ts'ext is S^tiiti:ii^o cis l.cm: in the fame Provii-ce, 4 Leagues to the Southward of the lalL 4. Ntw r.iUmi.i, 7.5 leagues from the laft, and 7 from tiie Port of />.':■ I'.:, HI. 5. A'lieva Xercz. , 15 Leagues al molt So;i'h from the laft. 6. NnvSc- ^utM, Z) Le.v^ues South froai Akw Xercz-, and 80 South eall from Ci>o. 7, Tuciiyo, f > call'd from the \'allev if ftands ni, and is about 50 Leagues from the North Sea. S. 1 ■nxilto, or Niif/t'" ^"i- iiwii .'-c l.t I'li^ aliroil So Leagues South from Coro, in the Country of the Cim.n. 9. L.ipjtn-.t is on the Kank <if tlic Lake Alar.icubo, about 40 Leagues from Cure. lo. At.iracapr,n.t is one of the bell: Ports on all iliis Coaft, on which Ac- tcHint tlierc is a lifiall Town built on it. 'Iliere are t\^'o other little Towns or Villages call'd Pe^- ttlU dc C.iroy.i and Co/>i.iu.i^o(j'.i , ot which there needs no more to be laid. The great Lake M.ir.tCiiibo , abovemention'd, and by the Sp.i>:i.i;-il.s loaietimes call'd Im,o dc JSIucflra Se/inoy.i, or our Ladies lake, runs in from the Sea, or Gulph of Co;,-, reckon'd about 80 Leagues in Compafs, or lefs according to fojiie. Being open to the Sea, it ebbs and Hows ; feveral ftnall Kivers fall into it, and it breeds abundance of Fidi, efpcciallv M.iiiatis. ht the Bottom it re- ceives a Kiver which conies outof tlie New King- dom of C>\ii.'uii, wliich make a great convenicncy of Trade between t!ie two Countries. Some of the Natives to thb Day build their Huts on Trees lianging over the Lake, whieli t!ie firft Difcove- rers are thought to have taktu lor the Occafion of calling this Country yaic^ncl.i, or little Tf- n/ff, from the People living fo among the Wa- ters. Tliis Country and all tlie Coaft along to the Kcnth A/;:eyic.i was tirll dilcover'd by Crriflophet €<jI,wjI)I(s , after whom joint de Amptics , in the Vcar 1527, by Order of the Sovereign Court of nifprnvLi took Pod'ellion and began to fettle in it, contrafting Friendlhip \\\i\\AlManyc^ a Pow- erful C.iciqiic. Whil'll h.' was there, the fc'mpe- rour Ch.irlestlK jtli made a Grant of theli.* Coun- tries to the Fclfcys, rich Merchants of ylnsbiiyfiy whole Lieutenant y7/^w/;c?- arriv'd there ni 1529, with 400 Foot and 80 Horfe. He having fubdu'd tlie Natives about the Lake oi Afayiu tibo, btnx. .ill his Tlioughts upon finding out ji Mines of Gold and Silver, which failini-, he riii.^'d about the In- land Provinces, Plu'idennJ ind fi-.itchenng thi- Natives fdl he was wounded hv them, whereof hedv'd. His Sutccllors inanag'd no better all their lATm!i being to enrich thfmdlvet at once, till the I'itfers ncgkanig to lend new Coinnian- ders and frelb Supplies of Men, the Soveieign Court iii///y/j.)/(i".',;,uiulerfook the Province af.':iin and fent feveral lucteliive Commanders, whofet- tled in the (Jountry and built the Towns wehavp meniion'd, fubdunis; all the Natives, evcept lomc that rtielter'd ihemUlvcs on inaccellible Moun- tains. In the Year 1550, the Blacks being grown very numerous, began to Mutiny, whi«h o'blig'cl the Sp'ini.irds to put all the Males to the Sword. Paria, or NewAndalufia, andCumana. There is no afccrtaini -.g the Rounds of this Province, efpeciallv on the South, bi'caule there the Inland is not conquer'd,and but little known ^ but on the Welt it borders on I'vixutcta, on the North it has tlie t)cean, and on the Eaft no other Limits can be alcrib'd it but the Gulpli of /'.(r/.i, and t!ie Country of C.irii';i>i,i. It Commences on the Eafl at Cape Salin/js^ running out upon B'jc.i del Drap^o, and tends Wellward 70 L.cagius to Cape Ayity:i, along which fp.ice -here is no Town, nor any thing remarkable till we come to Cap; Arayi, where there is a natural Salt-pit, which is rapable of funiiniine a great Fleet every Year, and thither the Dutch ufed to go for it without any Obftruftion :, till in the Year 1605, all their Ships were lUrpri/'d by tlie Sp.vii^ir/'s., as the Men were loading the Salt, many of them put to the Sword, and tlierelKent to the (jalleys. After which the King ot Spiin cajs'd a Fort to be built there, call d S.vitiM^o , wiiidi hinders all other Nations taking Salt there. Turning the aforeliiid Cape^/ /j'.j, istheCnilpIi of Citm.Ti.t^ which runs about 40 I.eagues into the Laud, and from the Mouth of the liiid Gulph the Coalt is reckon'd about 40 Leagues mcfre to CApeCjyi!ilirr/j, where l^cncz^iicii meets it. Near the Moutli of the ("iulph, 'J.wics de C.ijhilon^ in the Year 1522, built a Fort at the Mouth of the River f.',//;; //;.( •, and 2 Leagues higher is the Town ot Citm.vi.i, or Nevo-Coydov.t, where the UpMiiiirds have been everlince fettled, and com- mand all the Coall, by tiie help of three other fmali Towns and'Forts, call'd Aforcqnito, Acavj- ci'.yi-, and 5'Wffl ToAif. Up the Inland they do not extend far, the Natives being rtill uncouciuer'd, who yet come not witliin fome Leagues to mo- lell them. Thefe Inditm'vie'nt, and ftill go naked, only covering their Privities witli Cjourds, or Cafes of Gold, or bits ef Cotton Clotii. The Maids hide nothing, but when M.irry'd, they cover as much as the Men. Tlie Caciques keep a<; many ■Wives as tliey pleafe, and by way of Courtefie always offer one of them to their Guefts. Thefe Salvai^es eat Man's Flelb, and are of Arong Bo- dies, and courageo'.i'. As for the (jrowtli ot the Country , it is ;,iuch the fame as in the Neighbouring Provinces, the Soil producing all forts of Frees, Plants, .mcl Grain. Not to forget the tiaft fide, it begins at /<tf<rrf del Drago^ to call'd from the violent ('urrent let- ting out of it, which is ready to fwallow Ships, beiiiji a Strcight fovm'd by C.^ipe Sitin.is, and tlii rf'^ 1 TERRA FIK MA. •,Mi UluiJ of tlif 7K7//(y, leadiii,; into tlic (julpli c.i P.itii, vvliicli is between tlii'- Ccall and the r.u(.l Illiiid, whence llie Coall runs full South, and tlitii Soutli ealr to the Mcutli of the great Kiver of /'..■)•/.», (>r Ornnsko, Coltimbus havini; difcover'd this Coafi: , tlie D(i/iii)ikdi: Friars begft'd of the Kiiij.;, in the Year_ 151^, tliat they iTiij;ltt have tlie converting of dioie Inlidcls without any Force. This being i',1 anted, two of tliem landed, and hm\g well re- ceiv'd, conli',;ued there v.'itn hopesof Siiccefs,tilla Sp.uiiJ/j Ship carrying; away feveral of the Na- tives, theotliers in Kevenp.e inurdeiM the Friars. 'Nevertlielels, in 151S, feveral J>o//h)/.'cii/Js am] I'lMiiiftiiiis ventur'd thitiier again, and built two liiiall lloufes vvitli the Confcnt of the People i bnt in 1520, Aloiifo dc (Jjcd.i llirpriiin;; feveral of tlie Native?, fo inrens'd the rell, Uiat they combin'd t<.>gether, kill'd him tlie next time he landed, and murder'd all the Friars. To revenge this, lioHz^iilo Ac Oc.m.po was lent with 3C0 Men from U'.fp.iiilol.t, who flew a great number of thole Salvages, and dellroy'd their N'illages. The Natives loon after had their Satisfaftioii, falling ui^cn a little Town l-'r.wcisdc Soto had founded on tile Co.ill, and dcllroying all ihc Sp.njiards, except only 19 that cfcap'd in a Koat. To re- fjnite this S\:nvj}\ti:r, J.i//jes cle C,i/teUo>t came in the Year 15^2 horn JJfp.wioLi, and put to cruel Deaths all the I>:di.itis he could catch who were any way concern'd in the Slaughter of the Religious .Men, and other Spamards , and tlien built the Town of Ciun.ma on the Continent. Afterwards 'Jerome Ortal, and yinthony Sedcno. ventur'dmany leagues up the Inland, and dy'cl there, fo that their Followers grown weary of tholl- fruitk'ls Toils, return'd fomc of them to (^oitiiii la , and others to C/;;;w«.7, without finding any tiling worth their Labour in Icveral hundred Leagues. The New Kingdom of Granada Comes next in our way returning back to tlie VNeliward, and borders Northward on S.mta Mtrt.t^ Eallward on Fo'.ez.ucl.t^ and otlier Coun- tries not yet fubdued, Southward with moreRe- j^ions, as yet I'carce known to us, ai;d Wellward on PoB.-iyatt j the whole Length being 1 30 Leagues, and tl:e bread'!] above 30, lying between 2 and 9 Degrees ot North Latituclc. The 'A hole Country is fubjcft to great Rains, and is full if VVoods,but breeds mighty numbers of black Cattcl, Horfes, and Mules. Its princi- pal Subdivilions arc thofe of Ihgota and Tituia^ and the Country of the /'.i.vcfcfijalmoft furrouiul- iiig them both, which lalt is exccflive hot, but that of Bof,ot.i temperate \ the People of this laft, and of Timii^ are by one common Name caird Ahxcr. Tinna far exceeds /io^ofrt in Veins of Gold and Emcraulds, tho' the other is not without much Wealtli. All Parts here are healthy, and yields great plenty of Salt, which is a gcxxl Commodity in the adjarent Parts. The Begotes and Tmii.uis are of a large Stature, and ftrong of Body, and their \Vomeii Beautiful and Fair,wcar- ing Garments of Cotton of feveral Colours girt about their Walks, and on their Heads fome ufe Caps, and others Coronets of Cotton curi- oully wrought. They are extremely addifted to Dancing and Singing, much given to Lying, ami tolerably iiidullrious in learning of Arts. The z?7 P.viihes were formerly Man eaters, but the o- ther two Nation* ahhorr'd tliat Food. ( lenerally the wliole Country abouiidi in Pro- vifioiis, yet there was 11 Territory adjoining to I'liiiia, wiitre the People fed much up(jii Pil- inires. No Provii'cealTords better Grazing, but the main thing is, that there are many very rid? Gold Mines, and more of excellent Copper. The great Wealth of this Country, and the goodnefs of the Climate has drawn abundance of Spmi.irds to fettle here, ^'j that they luve many Towns, of whici) we are now to fpeak. The Metropolis is call'd Smiiu Fe de Bop^ou^ built by Coitz.ido Xine/ies dc Qiiejnda, in the 4th Degree of North Latitude, at the Foot of tlie Mnuntaiiis of ham-'. Tliis is tlie Relidence ot" the (joveriiour. the Sovereign Court, tlie Arch- billiop, and otner Officers j befides here are two Moiiallcries, one of DomiiiU-ms, and the other ol Frjm.i]i.:t>is. Near it is the Lake Ciutuvit.iMhiVQ the Natives us'd to olfer much Gold, ancl othec things of \'alue to their Idols. The Air is ex- traordinary vvliolefome, and there is great plenty of all Provifions, but no Gold has been found near it. Tlie Town of 5. Miguel or S. Michael^ is 12 leagues to the Northward, ercfted for conve- niency of Trading with the Pandies. Tocayma is 15 Leagues from S<««<j Fif, Weft North-well, on the Banks of the River /'iJf/, which fulls into that of the AltgdaUriy and in the Country of the Piifiches, a People much civiliz'd fincc the coming of the Spaniards. La Trinidad is 24 Leagues North- Well from Santa Fe ^ and 6 Weft from the great Snowy Mountains, com- monly call'd Paramo for their PXcelTlve Coid- nefs, being a branch of the iji-^at Cordillem, or yli.'des, that runs to the Strcight of MageU Ian, of wliich we fliall fpeak elfe-vhere. Pali;i:( is another Town in this fame Territory^ '15 Leagues North-weft from Santa Fe. Tmia takes Name from its Province, built on the top of a Hill 20 Leagues Northeaft from the Metro- polls, and the moft trading Town of all the Country. Pamplona, 60 Leagueo North-eaft from Santa Fe, rich in Gold Mines, and abundance of Sheep. Aferida, next the Borders of f^ene' zjiela, has fome Gold, and a good Trade by way of the great Lake Maracaibo. S. Chrifioval, jo Leagues North of Pamplona, quite deftitute of Golcl, but rich in Pafture andCattel. The reft of the Towns are nam'd in the Table, and have not any thing particular to claim farther Men-^ tion. Befidcs Gold and Provifions, and Salt aLove- mention'd, this Country produces all forts of Fruit, much Gnajacum, good for the PoK, andi Xagiia Wood, which iho' it felf white, makes a black Dye. In the Year 1536, Ferdinand de Li:go, Admiral of the Canary Iflands, fent Gotiz.alo Ximenes de Qucjada to difcover the Countries along the great Magdalen River. He ?dvanc'd above 200 Leagues from the Sea vfith unfpeakable Labour, by reafon of the difficulty of the Way througra Woods, and over MoralTef, and coming to the Territories of the powerful Cacique Bogota, ca- fily overthrew him, which fo terrified the reft of the Natives, that none durft oppofe him. Iti plundering the Cottages of the Indians, he found every where abundance df Gold and Emeraulds. Hence Ire advanc'd to the Panihcs^ and xhencn R r r 3 JO ;,:«! i:'! w 1 1 i ''1^' I] ii w. ' fen li 88 TERli/i F I li M A. fubdu'd Yiv o) the Indijm, built tlic Town of Stiiit.t Fc a. -jcma, and cM'A the Country tlie New Kingdom ai Crarutda, bci.iufe he washiin- fclf born at Granada in Sp.tm. Having done thus much, and hearing that Ftb.i/H.m de Bdal- cjzar drew near to Iiiinhy the way ot Popiyan. and Ni(.bnl.i< r>f^f/«.wfiomA^f«fiHf/.), hchafttd away, a-; did both the otiiers into Spain^ for the King to alcei tain tlie Limits ot" their Conquefts, and reward their Labourj. Pops y an. As in defcribingall the Proviucc- above, where others aie not nam'd , we have follow 'd Her- rera, C'o/hva^Oviedo, /.iter. And :ii"jhrij without naminji t''*'" -'^ every turn, to avoid To much Ke- tltioii, (o iiu'.v we lliall in k^reat meafure take tlie cnliiing Atnauit of I'oy.iyiW , and moll of PaiJi-om Gi i./, who travell'd thofe Parts from end to end, and has left amoreperfsft Dtlcnp- tion of them tluui any other. According to him then, this Province is 200 Leagues in len(;th, and 50 or 40 in breadth, in Ibme Parts more, and in •iiliers lets. On the U'eft it has the South Sea, and high Mountains dividing it from the Province of Onito in Pe- ru ■, on the North is the Province of Cartagc/ia; on the Eaft the New Kingdom of Cr.w.idii, from which the vail Mountains call'd ^l/uUs part it, and on the South the Kingdom of yVn/, andfome other yet unconquer'd Nations. Theuii'des, lafl: mention'd, on the one fide,and the other oppofite ridge of Mountains fend out many Branches, from all which many Rivers fall, and feveral deep Valley are fonn'd, acrofs the largeft of which runs the River of S.mta Mana, This various Situation caules no lefs Variety of Weather, and other Confequencei, fome Places being hot, and others cokl •, Ibme healthy, and ethers unwholefonie ^ iome very wet, and others dry. The Nativf s welre generally a free People, owning no Sovereign, but Iome of them were Man-eaterf, ard otiiers abhorr'd it. That for- mer Liberty made them difdain being fubjeft to the Spaniards , but what moft contributed to maintain it, was the Fertility of the Country, which every where afforded them enough to live on, and therefore they fled from Place to Place, till they were tir'd out, having no Reft any where, and are now wholly fuodu'd. It will therefore be improper to fay any tiling in general of the Soil, and much better to hint at it under tach Townfliip or Subdivifion. Popayan is the Capital City,as well as the Name of the Province, and both of them fo call'd from Popayan^ a powerful Cacique the Spaniards found there at their firft coming-, it is in 2 Decrees and a half of North Latitude, in a healthy Situation, all the Year being like a continual Spnng,with- eut any excefs of Heat or Cold, but it Rains ve- ry often, and Thunders oftner. The Territory aoove it is extraordinary fertile, yielding two Crops a Year, and better Indian Wheat than other Parts, btfides all forts of Fruits, both j4- ptnitan And £itr0peatij and feeding miglity Flocks and Herds of Shcep,Cows,and Swiiie.The>Jativcs outdo all Of liei A»::ri,.vis in Induftry, Courtelie and civil behaviour. The City tbnd, upon a hmh' l^laiii , tlic common Houfes .ire fpacious, but llishtlybiulti ijut this is the Relidence of the (3overnour and Kifliop, and befides thj Cathe- dral, hcreisaMoiiallcry of Ahrcen.wi.ius. The Liberty of the City is very large, and lontain-.- feveral J>ui:.w Tc-win, and many TIioiH'.uid-. ol Natives, and it produces plenty of Gold, but that is geueralh ot low Price. Sam.i Fc dc Ani'iln.t is op the utmoft Nor- thern Borders of this Province, next to Curta gcria, featcd in a huge and deliglitful Plain, be- tween the Rivers of D.nicn., mdSaiit.i A/art.i^ in 7 Degrees of North latitude. The Natives about it are of a peaceable Difpofition, jiand- fome, and fair ■, the Air temperate and whole- (oine, inlomuch that they lie out all Night with- out any Iiarm •, the Land feeds much Sheep, and produces Fruits, and tlie Rivers Filli. Car.imama is about 60 leagues North caft from Pup.iy.wi, oil tlie River Cmca, and abounds ill Indian Corn, and Fruit, but has no Wheat, tew Cows or Sheep, and abundance of Swine, yln- j.n7;;./,or.S'. v-iw/f of >-/,'/iovA.i Hand s on an Eminence between two Rivers,ibout 50 Leagues North-eail from the City of Pcp.7y.v1, with innumerable Fruit-Trees about it.hoiii the Neighbouring Hills run Iome Streams very full of Gold Sands, which the IiuU.ins and Sp.i.'iiards gather in confiderable quantities. j4rnia is about 12 I eagues North- call from A,iz..erina, in a fruitful Plain, where there are rich Gold Mines, particularly near the River, and its Territory is very large, extraor- dinary populous, and furpalTes all otiiers in Wealth. The City Carthage ftands in a Plain, betwixt two Stre-i.m?, 7 Leagues from th- River Ciiica, and 25 from Pop.iyan to the North-eaft, the Country about it yielding neither Wheat nor Gold, but very rich in Cattel. Cali ftands in a Plain, at the foot of high Mountains, in 4 De- grees North Latitude, 22 1 v.igues 'rom Pi,p.iym:, and 28 from the South Sea. It is a Place of .';reat Trade, but fomewiiat hot, and the Soil general- ly good about it. £ue>i.rjintiira is a Se:i Port, to which all Goods are br<>ught from Ncvu-Sp.iiu for this Country, i, very thinly inhabited. /-"y/ff, or 5. John dc Pajto, is 40 Leagues South-weft from Popayan^ in a delightful Valley, cncompafs'd with Hills, healthy, the Territory fruitful, full of Cattel, and not altogether deftitute of Gold. Befides tJiefe, here are many other %w//'/.' Towns of lefs note, as Guadalajara de B.'iga., S. Sebafiian de la Plata, Abi:aguer, S. Jz/.w Y Truxilloy Aid- drig.il, j4greda, Rrc. This is a proper Place to Hiy fomething of the great River of 5. AIartha,AnAS. Magd.deit. Tlie Branch call'd of S. Ahrth.t, or by the Indi- an N.'.ine Caiica, rifcs in a Valley of the Moun- tains jindes, about 6 Leagues South-weft from the City Popay.w, among ilic populous Nation of Iiidiaus, call'd Coconucos, wnence it runs a- way to the North, as far as the Town of Call, receiving all thefmaller iitreams on both fides, fo that at the faid Town of Cali it feems to be as Dig as the O'liad.ilgiiivir at Scvit, and this is not a Courfeof above 30 Leagues. Thence it rowls ftill Northward,gathering many moreWaters,aiid is by them extremely fwell'dwheii it comesto5«- rltica, which is about 60 Leagues farther, and 60 Leagues below that again, which is alio below the T EKR A FIR MA. 289 the Town of AUpoY, it meets the otiier Branch callM of the Al..i'd.ili... TIin ISrandi lias its SoiMTc iihove the Town uf Tinuoi.t, on the F..ift fide of the Mduut.iiiis Aiuia, wiiirh divide tlie Spiiiii;s at akmt 40 1 e.mucs diftance, frcm which Place tlicy cuiiti'.m.illv draw nearer and nearer till they meet, m, above. This River of J\ Us^daUn is nn lels increas'd than that of S. Martha^ by the aceeilloii of many otliers, whereof thofe of f./r/, Cir.ire, and Powpiti.tn^ arc the chiefelK VVIiere tliefe two Stream- meet thev form one River a Leajjue broad, (o ^reat is the quantity >>f Water they rowl,and in the midrt of it are feveral llknds, fomeof them inhabited, whence it runs always fwelling down to the Sea, between the Provhices of Gj>-f.«;(;w, and Santa AUrca, and enters the Ocean with fuch Violence, that the Water is faid to be Tweet four Leagues out from the Nioiith. No River has more plenty of fiOi, and near the Sea more Alligators and A/unMies, which lall are River Cows. Both thefe Rivers run 4CX) leagues be- twixt their Sourr. jiidtheSea. .Ml the'Wealth 'of the Provinces 1. Cirihiy^aia, S.irita Altiyt.i, Fop.tyai, and the New Knijicloin of Cran.tda is about thtfe Rivers', the whole length whereof there are many nth, and inexhautlible Mines of Gold, befides the excellent Paflure, and Arabic Lands, and all orher fort of Produft, and parti- cularly between th two Branches is ^U a de- lightful Paradife, and a continual Mafs of Trea- lure. Sebu/linn dt Belalc.izjn\ Governour of the Pro- vince of Qjiito, after Piz.nrro, ww. the firft who penetrated into this Province of Poptiy.w, in the Year 1J36, defigning to open a Palfage out of his Government to the North Sea, and to make himftlf Mailer of a mighty Treafurc he wasin- form'd mif^ht be had out of the Gold Mines poflefs'd bv the two Brothers, Cdambaz. , and Popaym. The Nations call'd Pafios and PatiM united to oppofe his entering the Country , and put hiin to much Trouble, together with the difficulty of the Ways, and fcarcity of Provifi- ons, which thofe People had hid. However, Bel.ika^.ir made his way through to the Cacique Popaym, where being taken with the richnefs and delicioufnefs of the Country, he firft plac'd a Garrilbn. From that time, tho' the Natives were very Numerous, and moft of them fierce, and Man-eaters , yet the Spaniards by degrees fpread themfelves abroad, building all the Towns above-mention'd, by which they have fubdued all the Country, deilroying great Numbers of fuch as obftinately oppos'd them, and bringing all the reft to Chriftianity and Submiflion, ex- cept tome few who choofe rather to live mife- rably, like wild Beafts in the Mounuins, than be brought to Humanity and Politcnefs. Re ; 1 n 1 'i . i 1 !j m i 11 '< i![ ' 1 i 1 f \ 5 ■'^ % . ; j 'i i 2 5 1' ul ■ In t V I ill 1 I fi ^ 1 ,,. n >. 1 fj 'li f, i .1 !>i i^ I i m j.vV^ •.. ■■iriA.'i / / m ./•■■•:ol,;, mw ^ n .-" Waww ii l ii X * • *--.*a...^v »..- CHAP. . t 111 zpo 'f* c H A P. xin. Of The rCinPiliMM of P l" 1< U. 7«J aim or Teh diLA. FiRjMA "if 5»"' ^eita// J^trte ..^ .^-^1 lirk ei. a of ' «•» Vhef /Ml A IZIO E S, T , „.,.., „...^ ... mis i iiiy.iiiv Miiuadii', m iliallcliieHy follow Cicz.a, who traveU'd all Leagues make 500, over it, 'ylcofia, who reTided in it Teveral Years and Hcnera, who as the King's Hiflorio- urapi'er, had the moil Authentick Informations, both 111 Writing, and bv word of .Mouth. Befides, they arc all three iudicious Authors, in great Re- nutation among all that are acc)uainted with their ■Works, and Men of known Sincerity and Intc- This Kingdom extends from the Province of Onito under the line, to the Kingdom of Chlk, btTvond the Tropick of Capricorn. 700 Leagues, lavs Cict.j, 6cxD Acojl:t^ and above 600 //f^>f/-.i, in all wliich Accounts there mud be allowance for the main Windings of the Coaft from North to South, without wliich they will be found too long •, becaufe Quito beginning under the Line, and C/j/7e commencing at 25 Degrees South Lati- tude, the whole length left for Peru in a dircft U|illi!i., WIIkI! alio The breadth is very various, but moft gencrallr about 50 Leagues from tlie Sea to the ridge of Mountains , call'd jindcs, vet ftretching much farther in feme l^laces about the Country of the Clj.ich:tpo\.u. The moll rtmarkahle things belonging to this Kingdom, are, Firfl:, That only the South or South-weft Wind reigns ccntinualiy along its Coaft, contrary to all other Countries under tin: Torrid Zone, where the F.afl always prevails. zdly. That whereas this Wnid is eliewhere na- turally ftormy and unwhoklome-, here on tlie contrary it is gentle, healthy, and deliglitful , ret'c'nng all the Coaii temperate, which Weald othfrwife be too txceflive lu.t ai;d deftriiciive. ■i,dly. That It never Rains, Hails, or Snows along all this Coaft. ^.lUy. That at a fmall difcjncc from it there i^ not only exccfs of Rain, but •of Snow, and 1 hiuidcr. 5r/-'/y, Tl;ac there are two p E a V. 291 'WO I'Ji'.f-. ijf Moitntains whiilirini tlirniinh all />>;<, alw.iys ar an eni'-il <l'll:ni<(.' tVoin line aiio- I Ikt, Ml, del the I'.iiiu' I atitnclc, tlio (i:ic ciitiiclv • oveiti witli Ii'iv-, i't'd Hiliii'l inolt partuttlK- Vcar to Rain, aii<! a (iiltry Summer, the otli:r <iui!t bare anil iiakid, laflicr cold tliati hot, and •<vlkrc Smntieiand Winter, Rain and fair V\ta- iliiT iiuii-i.'(i in tlit-ir turns. For thcbctti-r under- lr.ii!din).i\\heriot, u is to be ludcrllood tliatall i'V..'/ is divided into three li "!;, but vei\ nar row Stn)>, winch arc I'lains, Mrimtains and thw .iiulc), 'Ilic i'lain- arenext thj South Sea ^ the Mountains loiilillof Hills and \'alk'\,> , andilii.- yl/iUcs.{\c proiliijioushi^h Moantani'j. The Plains are j',tnerdll> ten I eagucs wide, little more or lefs, ilie Mountains 20, and the yi>idt> the lame •, the Kii^th taken from Nortli to South, am! the brcadtlifroml'alHo Well. Now it is wonder- ful, tJMt m the Imall dillanie of 50 I eai'.ues in the fuhc 1 atitiide, in one Place it lliould alway-) Jv'ain, in anollitr never, and in a third there (I'oiikl he Rain and fair Weather alternatively h for ni the Plains it never rains, but only a finall Dew falls fometimes •, oi» the yl/ictes it rains al- inoll tontinuallv,, and on tlie other Mountains, it rains and is fair much as it is in Sprtlt.'. Botli tlie yhhicsmd other Mountains run a Tliouland I cayies from North to South, always cquidi- Aant from one another. Where th-ie Mountains part they leave (;reat \alle,s, accounted the plealantell, and healthitfl Dwellmti' in Pai:, as .ire thole of A'<)//.v.i, j4nd,ifiMiiyl.i, I .'■ ■} , &c. Tlie ancient Inhabitants of the I'laiiis liv'd p,c- neralty in open Air, or under Trees, the Men wearing fliort Garments to their Knees , and Cloaks on their Sliouklcrs , and th.- Wo rnen their Robes down to their Feet. Tliofe of the Mountains being much ftronger of Body and more wittv and indnllrious tlian theothers, had their Houles cover'd with Turf, the iNleii wearing ("larments and Cloaks iriade ot the \V ool o(l'i>iivi(i>! Sheep, and the Women Robes fwath'd about their Bodies, and Mantles. Before ihele People were united under one Monarchy, they vveie rude and barbarous, andaddiikd to great variety of Supertlitions ^ but when lubdued h\ the /'/:;■'.', and brought into, one Body I'olitick, thev became civi'.i/'d, and only ador'd the Sun, as the principal ( reature appointed by the Crea- tor over the World. The commor Grain of this Country was that we call A'tii'.w Wheat, of which they not only made Bread , but alio a Liquor like our Beer or Ak •, and where this Corn was wanting, tiiey made Bread of a Root they call I'apM. Here is a Plant peculiar to this Province, calid (xc.i, which they mix with a little Lime, as they do the Bctcic in the l.jji- Indies, and chew it , alFrming that it prevents lI'Miger and Thirll, and revives the Spirits. Of this" Herb fuch valt fiuantitics are coiiliiin'd at /^of^/i,that they amount to 5oaico Ducats a Year. Acojia, and Curci- iiiflodc /./ A?);.; dekribe it \ery particularly, in whom, and yi/«/..-;Y/w, and Xi/>it,ies, mod Indian Plants of Note may be found, to treat of which would rei^uire an entire \ olume. Much might be laid ot the Bealh, but tlioie which deferve particular notice are the icyhvi.in Sheep, which thev call /..'..v.v.i', and are mc;ft excellent Crea- tures, as being of great uie, and kept with very little Ch.irge. They have very line Wool , svhercoi ilie bcil Cloth is made, and they carry iinrdci'is, like Horil-!;, Without flandin?, in need of Sh 'oes. Bridles, or 0.its, living npon the. (irals thes find in the common Fields, 01 along the lide< of Roads. But it miift be obfTv'd, that there are tvvi. (iirtsof tluin, the one, wliich is woolly, liir dilUnrtion rall'd P.hoi., and the other alinoit naked, withonly a little Hair, anJ tlieit lore (M-operer for carrvini', of Burdens, and thei'e they call (ifM.'.icos. They are larger th.tti our Sluep. and have loiij? Necks and l,egs, aticJ arc (I leveral f'olours, will carry an hundred weis'Jit caiii, and are good to eat, and the only Bealis ufed there for carrying of Burdciii of all lorts, and they it is tliat tranfpurt the Plate fro.n the Mine-, to tlie Se.i,fometii(tes 1^0 Leagues. Tiieir Day's lonriiey is 5 or 4 1 c,iv',i'.e5 when they have inanv Day ; totr,i\el, or mure tor one Day, and for that time they willcarry twohun- dred Weight. The l^icf?i.is are wild Beafts, like Hinds, breeding on the high Mountains, and have a delicate Hair to fpin, and in them the Be- zoar Stones are often found \, as alio in the Tn- rm;,tf, which are a larger fort, not unlike the lait. F • other Beafts, there are the fame as in other Parts of the South Americt, and no lei* variety of wild Fowl , but a', for iame Fowlr there was but very little before the Spaniards brou{!,!!t it. A ' 'n.tidci fays, there are a fort of Infefts in this Kingdom, which the Spaniards caW Spiders, be- caufe they fpin Webs like ours, but are as lar^e as Oranges, and fo venomous that the Bite 'if them IS mortal, unlefs immediate Remedy be apply'd j for if it once pierces into the Body, iC is certain Death. God has provided againA it^ tor the l'i.<^-tn'es arc here continually green, anci two or i\r\^ drops of the nnlky Juice of tlie leaves perfeftly deads the \'emoii, after which they keep tlie litilc Eite open fome time, and it heals. Before we c.itcr upon the Divifio'i of '' ", it will be proper Ivne to give 11 ne Account of the vaft Ridge of Mountains, call'd Anda, be- ing one of the greatell in the World It bc- ginsat the Srreights of Af.igcH.in, and runs North- ward through all South America, in fome Pla- ces continually cover'd with Snow, in many o- thers calling out Fire. In other Parts it gene- rallv rains all the Year, and it is very toiilome pai.ii\g over, by reafon of the thicknefs of the Trees. In ihe moil: uncouth, woody receffes of them, there are faid to be People fo brutaL tliat they have neither Cloaths, nor Houfes, ana only living upon fuch Beafts and Birds as they kill with their Arrows •, without any Chiefs, or Govcrnours, and only meeting accidentally in hollow Trees, or Caves. The Natives on the Wed lide, towards the South Sea, were Men of good Seiife,cloath'd,and govorn'd by the Laws of the litg.ii ^ but thole on the other ficie were more dull, and their chief Employment was to plant and gather much of the Herb Coct, above-menti on'd. The higheft Parts of tl;e yltida arc not ha- bitable, either for their beir.,^ perpetually cover d with Snow, or theexrcHuc Cold ■■, bi.'tthe low er were populous, and truitfal , yielding much Indian Wheat, and of the Root 2;!t.;,'us'd to make Bread, and excellent Fruit, n.jtoi.iy of the Country, but of tHrif. Cci.v. 1' is need lei's to fay moreot them in this Place, becaule wemay liave Occalioii to mention other PartiCuinrs in fpcaking of the fevcr,tl Provinces. Iri i 'I'll #■■■ li •!J|I . h \'f ipl T ERV. In liiv.irt .1 Cmintry, it is certain tliet-e wcic fevor.il laMc.uagc, Ijiokcn, wliirh arc now alinnil Jord'tt, and laid afide, all the Natives bciii^ brim^ht to Ipcak Spmij/i, wliicli ii the uiiiverial Tongue. Tlic (iovcrninent was Monarcliical , under thoCe mi^'jity I'rinccs the Jh^.k, who were Sovereigns of" ail thcfc Provinces, of whom we Rto liiiwba. Ciienca. Lox.i, Ziiwor.t, \ Jaen. i .s\ Afigiiel. I'alt.t. I Cudyiiqiiil, [^Puerto ricja. Oiall ijieak ar l,,fl. Their Rcli^'jon was fd/.i. try, and tliL Sum the prnuipal l)b)ea of' *\v'\r Adoration, but ti;iie the Sp.mtriis ;iie b.naie Maliertj, they .11 e all converted tt) Cliri(fi.'iiit\. 1 '.t us now tome to the Diviliou of the leve ral I'rovinces, and their relpe^ivc iliief lowii-: bcmii thole let down in the t'ollowinij Table. Quito. < tos Quixos, Pacamoros. SBaez.ii. Avdn. Scvill.i jirthia delOro. idona. FMUAolld. Lcyol.i. S~mtiago dt las Mtnt.UHts. fLima, C'ufco. u4niedo, \ Santa. I Triixillo. LosReycs,or I ima, | Mirajlores. or />/•>•((, pioperlyv S. Juan dtta Fromira. focaU'd. I Samia/^o dt loj Italics. J LeoN cif Citanuco. , i S. JiMii i.e la Vito) Ij-, or i O'liii/liang.i. I Ca/lao. (S'txamiilca. La Sierra. Quito. TIic Province properly fo ^^•ali'd, fommences North of the I'ciuinoiliul, and extends 80 Leagues to t!ie Southward, according toHcrnra, and 70 fays Ciez.,:, which difTerenctjas has been before ob- ferv'd , and is now ajjain repeated, to avoid it for tlie future, may arile from tlie ditferent ways of taking the Dimenrioiis in a rtraiter Line, or allowing more for Windings. The Breadth is about 25 or 50 Leagues. The Boundaries of it arc on the Well of the South Sea •■, on the North the fune Sea and Province of 7' epaj/iw, on the Eaff that fame Province, and los Quixos \ and in the South the Province of Los Reyts, This Country, tho' lying under the Equator, is like Sp.iiri, the Air clear and ferene, rather cokl than hot, and the Snow lies all the Year in fome Places. The Rains laft from October till Jhrch, whicli they call their Winter, and du- ring the other Months the Grafs is parch'd up, whicii tho' not very long, is proper for the Car- tel of C.ijNIc, whereof tliereajfe great Numbers, Los Revff, or Li- ma, or Poll, VTo-i l^alverde perly focall'tf. /-.a— /^ 'S. Franc ifco de it fitona. S. Jii.ni del Ore. ytrctjiiip.i. S. Mi^Mt de la Rihera. Los Cliarras PkU.i. or Ci0ro f^irrtynd^ or Choco- lacoiha, yM Cuatir.i, LGuamachuco, rra Plata. Potofl. N. S. delaPat. Oiopejii. EjcorlatjHC. Par 10. ylriai. Tobijij. (hii,cqiie. la. ,f'0''- < lunxa. Toiniti.t. La I.agiiiiilla, '1'ri.abuio. ' CacLiya. SiniUa. (J ami. Paria. Caraioya. l.ix.i. Pill. I ..!>'. Bo n.irdo df I J Frontcra. { S.vita Cruz, de la Sierra, \Satita Crui. la Nncva, Sjefits Alaria. ( Barranca. ^ as alfo abundance of Wheat and Barlv, and Gold in fome Places. And this is a moll plea- fant Province to live in, for nothing can be more delightful tlian a clear and healthful Air, there being no excefs of cold in VVinter, nor of heat in Summer. Much more Gold might be gathered here, had they Slaves to fet to work, but it is ftriftly forbid to force the Natives toit^ but here is great Plenty of Salt-Petre, whereof tliey make good Powder. Fruits ot' all forts, either Indian or European thrive well, and there »s a- bundance of both. The Natives are generally of a pronortiona- ble Stiture, flrong, and lieaithv, induilrious c- nough, and apt to leani any Trade :, but then they have other ill Q.ialitics, as particularly they are given to Lying, and Uruipkeniiji's, vain, iii- conftant, and hard to bt eivilii'd, except ionic that have been broui.;lit to live in tlie Spanijh Town>, for they choofe rath.T to dwell fcat- ter'd about, than in Towns and N'illages, bur that tliey are conftrain'd to it, in order to their living more like Chriflians, wliich tliey are na- turally averle t«. 'Iheu Habit is a loofe Gav- iiient. T E mrnt, witlioiir 'llfevfs fo th;\t their Legs and Anns arc naked. Their chic f Fmpl'ivment is ma- knm C'loth <if Ci.tton, and Wool, and they pay Tnmitc t'l tlie Spim.inii, Afottitr. {■! fays \vi.' have the beft ^^ulphur f^iviim, or live HrimlKjne IVimti ^ito, whiih is of a fine ()o!d Colour, ,iid fouiid near tlie Gold Mines, whoncc Natiiraiills have rtalon to fay that Quick- lilvcr is tie Matter of Gold, and Sulphur the Form. Gu^va is a fmall Northern Territory in thi'* Piovince, whae commences the fo famous Road of the h'y '<■, runiiiiii^ above looo I ea^ues in leni>tli , and larry'd acrofs Mountains, Bogs, and Dcfart^, with fiidi immenfe Labour, thit it fecins inirediblf, being every wlicre fmixjth and f.iiv, lodwith vail Stones where there was need, tlio" tliey had no Iron, nor otiier Inventi- ons, hull as we hjve. And what is yet more tfinarkal^li, thtic were Inns built all the length of it at 41 5, <ir 6 Leagues difVancc from one atioiliir, lor the tonveniency of Travellers, and thil'e Inns wci\ raird 'Tambos, and are in ufeto this l)av, tliere being Jntiums under a Chief in eatliof them, wlio,as loon as any Traveller comes in, bniu', linn Water, Wood to make Fire, pro- vide a Bed , and other NecelTaries i drefs his Meat, and carry outhisHorfe or Mule to Grafs, and let ill e his Ragt;;'.(je •, all which they do very julUy and caiel\ill\ for nothing, and if he re- (luire It, fiMiiilli iiiin with Guides. Near when- this Road begins, there runs a Ri- ver, over which '\\x is a natural Bridge of fo- lid Rock, ' ■ A Iter running through a hollow below, over which the laid Rock lies above like an ^;rlI, whiih the Natives call Lnmichiica, that is, .itoiie Bridj;e. In the way to the City of <^///>(), is tlie lakecaird Ti.i^iiarcoih.i, that iv, Sea of Blood, becaufc the ///^.JO'/<rj<>wca/)<taft into it tlie Bodies of :gooo Men of the Carnrie,iics he liadlbin, for rebellin.',, and being bloody Man- eaters •, and not far froiii.the Like is the wonder- tiil I'alace ot C\i)n»iine.<, built all of Stone, with- out I line, or any other Cement. Hence all tlie Country forwards is full of Jridi.m Towns, and Sp.imjh Seats and \ illages. S. tiiincis lit- (Jiiito is the Metropolis of this Provinte,reated in the declivity of a N'alley, cn- clos'd on the North and Well with a ridge of hi^h Mountains, in half a Dej^ree of South La- titude. The 'lerritory about it fruitful , and well Itock'd with Sheep, and the Natives more (ivil and indiilhious tlian others more remote. Tl'c Streets are wide, and llrait,vv if li four Squares, one of thein before ilit Cathedral, another be- fore the Doi;unir,in!i anda third before the ft/»«- (lU.iiis Monalteries, belides which there are two otiier Churches. L'e.e is the Refidtnce of the Sovereign Court, tlie Hilliop, and other the Kiiig's OHIcers, and a noble College ol Caiions. BelKles tlie. Town is fortiiied, and goixl Gun-powder made in it. A League Iroin it is a burning Moun- tain. In thefe Deltriptions we follow Hinern, Civ7.:i^ Zitati, ju/hcs riniii/iiUz., and (i/tnilnjla iie l.i I'eg^i, who are the Authors that have writ bell of J OK-, wlnih inay lerve once for all. From i^( '« to A'/'u i'l/rtf';.! is about 25 Leagues, which tl'.o nauid among the Towns, is rather a \'i!l;!ge, chiefly, inhahued by Sheplierds, who Ii.ive vail Mocks ol .^lieep on the Plains about it. 1 hence to the magniiiceiit I'alace of Thowcb-imbd they reckon ao Leagues, it is to be obletv'd, that »91 the /w(;.«,Emperor« n^Piru^xA very many Palaces in feveral Parts of their Dominions, but this of Thonieb.inht was a wonderful Striifture , as rtill appears by the Ruins, befidcs the Tra- dition that is preferv'd of it. Clofe to it was a Temple of the Sun, built witli Stones as black as feat, and others like a green |afper. The Portico's were of feveral Stones of curious Colours, and the Floors not only of the Temple, but of the Palace, cover'd with Gold , tiirioiiljy wrought. In (liort, the Treafure of (jold and Silver within it was inellimable, but at prel'ent only the Ruins remain. The /ndi.ws of tins Territory are call'd Canates, a haiidlbme, and well drefs'd People, mid the Country very rich ill (jold and Silver. Following the fame Road 51 leagues from i^«;fo, we come to Loxa, another good Spinijh Town, whole Territory has Gold, Silver, Cop- per, Iron, and Sulphur Mines ■, and 16 Leagues ftill South from that, isC/dv/fj, in 5 Degrees of South Lititude, in the N'alley of Cnxib.imbi, a pleafant and healthy Seat, aiitl free from all forts of Infeits. Next is Zamor.iy 80 Leagues from ^iiltc, no Ids healthful and delicious than the lail, and its Gold h'- , ■■ fo rich, that one pure Lump of that Metal fom in the Earth, is laid to have been prefented io King /"/j/Z/p the Z(/ of Sp,iin, which weighV h PouirU. None but Blacks work in tb" Mines, for the Native, mu!l not be compellV > .ere bein^ levere Laws againit it, and they a»c iloathfu'.and i .lit for Laboii,-. Fifty Leagues from Loxa isjiw , 111 the Terito- rycaird Chaiaynga, auioiij; Mountains, but ve- ry temperate Having run through the upper iCountry along the great Road, we come now in the Plain,wliere we nnd theTown of S.Mis,nel de I'iiir.t^m the Ter- ritory of Chita, which is the extremitv of the Province of ih<iin Southward, where tho' it ne- ver Rains, yet the Soil i» water'd, and produ- ces all forts of Grain and Fruit. In the Liber- ty of this City is the Port of P^yttt, which is large and fafe, and where the Ships touch in their Paflagc from CiuireimiU to P^rjt. The Marquefs t'rancis Pi!.a>ro was founder of the City, being the firft the Sp.miards built in Peru. SivitiitfiodeCuayapiil (lands 15 Leagues from the South Sea. and is otherwife call'cl Z.j Ciilata, becaufe feateil at the bottom of a Bay, or deep Inlet the Sea makes there, and this and the laft above are in that they call the Valley of Tum- bez., from an Indian Town of that Name, for- merly very famous , and Capital of that lower Territory. Puerto yUjo, or the old Port, is in one Degree ofSouth Latitude, and tho' fo call'd, is not a Sea Port, being at fome diftancc from the South Sea, but there is a Place call'd Afama, which is a Harbour to it. Belides the Road above-mention'd, which was along the Mountain, the IngM had made another along the Plain, 15 or 16 Foot wide, pav'd with great Stones, wallil in .)ii both tides, and llia- tlec! with Trees againll the violent heat of the Sun, with Inns at proper dillances, and all other Conveniences, as has been laid of the up- per Ro.id. The moll remarkat'>le Rivers here, are that of Santiago, the moll Northein, remarkable lor the uprightncis of its Banks, which is fuch, that Sfl a Ship M 'i-i i\.. 11'!, t il } 'J i \t aP4 T E KV. • ship touching the Ground with its Prow, has eight Fathom Water at the Pcx)p, for rowling with incredihle Swiftiiefs, it makes an extraor- dinary deep Channel, and yet Ships enter it without any Danger. The next to the South- ward is the Rivero*"T«/ntf?,, which is in three Degrees and a half i.i South 1 atitudc, of which there is nothing remarkable. los Quixos Is an Inland Province, partly Plain, and part- ly Mountainous, and not difrover'd till rhe Year 1557, after the building of the ^>M<y'' Town of Citenca, abovennention'd. On 'he \Viil it has the Province of Qji'to, on thi.' Nortli tliat of Po- ptyan, on the Eall theuiiknnwi' <"> mr^v, Crtil'd Dorado, from the abundance of *" li 'upp.s'd to be in it, and on the Si-ut'> ihrr of the /;'' 1- cttmoro!. Northward it fcartf r..-.c!ics to the firll Degree of Souih Latitude, 1 img 60 Leagues in Ifiigth, and no Ufsin bre.idi'i. Ail this Country i^ cvcelii^'tr hot and rainy, bearing \ni\tl>idi<i! rorn, .ind no Wheat, but abundance of all Pc;irui.ii^ 1 tuir. as alii) the £«- rr.pe.w, and varietv of K'tchin Plants. It is un- der a particular (ioveinour, appointed by the Viceroy of i'f;v/, ;oid has but four SpMiflj Towiiii. Ti:e chief of tliem is Baez.a, built in the Year 1559, by CiiUi Ru»,i,cz. Dav.Uo.', t8I eagues from that of (^ito , where the Cjovernonr refides. ;. j-ircb'uUn.i, about 20 Leagues South-eafl from that of IS.ie'^i. %. AvUi, to the Northward of Aichidnn.i. 4. SerilLi del Oro , (jr the Golden SevU, the Southcrmolt of them all. The Natives have a peculiar I aiiguagc of their own, tho' they uudeiltand tliat of Pcrii^ and dilfer in nothing from the relV of then' Neigh- bours. They vigoroullv oppos'd the Sp.wiards^ and rebeird once or twice , but being lince in- tircly lubdued, Iiave einhrac'd Chrillianity, and apply themfelves toHusbandrv. Tlie Eaftern Part of this Country is by a peculiar Name call'd C;w/', or Cinnamon, from whole 'V\'oods there are in it of Trees, in lome rclpeft relembling thole of the Cinnamon in the luijt-ii'dit.'. Afui.urdes lays, tlii'li; Trees are of an indifferent fize, alwa\s gieen, their Leaves like Laurel, and the Fruit lliap'd like a little l-Lit, about the bigiief- ol a Ciown-piece, of a Purple Colour, whicli lias the perfeft taUe and fcent of true Cinnamon. Pacamoros, Or Byacatnoroi, as alfo Tgu.irfonpft^ and John (k SJiri.ii, are all the fame Province, or leveral Parts of It, bounded on the Weil by the high Mountains eludes, before Ipoken of, on the Nonli by /-0.1 Oiiixi,!^ on the Eall by the Countries undiicover'd, and on the 'louth by Peru, pro- perlv li) calld, being about loO Leagues in length from North to South, and as mucli from Eall to Well All th.' Country enjoys a pleafant, temperate Climate, :nid the Soil is fertile, producing eve- ry lint of Oraiii and Fruit ^ but above all pro- per for Cattel, by reafon of the great I'lenty of Orals. I5ut the greatell Wealth conliils in t!ie (jold Mines, m which they find Grains of A'.\ nnufual bignefs, whicli arc higlily beneficial f.i the Sp-viiuidi o( the Colonics there. Here arc three Spai/ifi Town?^ all of tliem founded by 7oh>! dr Salui.u dc I.oyoLi, when he was C overnour. The firit m rutUdolid, about 20 Leagues Eaft from Zumorj, in 7 Degrees of South I atitude. 2. Loyola 20 Lfa.;ues Eall from Fathidolid, and fo call'd from the Foun- der, the Indian Name being O.vwi); '•./;/«. ^, San- tiago dc los Moiitiin.u, 50 Leagues Eall from Loy- ola, in a Country extraordinary rich m Gold, and that fo fine, that it cxcclU all the Neigh- bouring Parts, and none exceeds it but that of Caraviy.i in PeiH, and raldivia in Chile. Since wc have fo often had occalion to fpeak of the Gold found in thefe Countries, and lliall a- gain as often, it will not be amif? to fpeak a word of the Nature of it, out of Aufij, who writes what he law. He fays it is found in three forts, in Grain, in Duft, and in Stone. The Gold in Grain needs no refining, being bits as Hg as the Seeds of Cucummers, or Pompions, fine, and without any mixture •, yet fome hap- pen to be 'Mgger, and even to weigh fome Pounds. Of this kind there is leaftGold. The Gold in Stone, is Veins of it running througli hard pie- ces of Rock, of which he lays he has feen ma- ny at the Mines of Z.fr«W(j, which is in the Pro- vince of Pacamoros, and fome were half Gold , and half Stone. . This fort is dug out of Mines, where there are Veins like thofe of Silver, and they are extraordinary laborious to dig. The greateft quantity of Gold in the li-iUs, is in Dufl, found in Rivers, or other Places where much Water has run. The Gold Dull: is cleans'd by much walhing in Water, till the Earth or Sand runs clear off from the X'cffels they do it in, and the Gold being he.-.vieft, fettles at the bottom. Tbire is another way of cleanfing it with Q_iiick-filver •, and another v^Wh Aqn^ t-'or- lis, which feparates the Gold from any other thing. When refin'd, it is call into Pigs, or fmall Bars, in order to be fci." into Spain, for none can be exported in Dull, bccaufe it can- not be elTay'd, and mark'd, and pay the King's fifih till it is Call. There is no afcertaining what Quantity is fent into Spain every Year •, but in tlie Fleet >^a!/?.»return'd to 5p.</«, he fays there went from the Mam izChells, each con- taining at leaft an hundred weight, and from New-Spain 1156 Marks, each Mark being half a Pound , and all this only for the King ; without reckoning all that went for private Perfons, which is always mudi more, the King having only the fifth Part of what is found. Los Reyes, or Lima, or Peru, properly fo call'd. The laft the general Name, the two others ta- ken from tlie Capital City, wliich is call'd by tliem bo.h, and it is a large, rich, and noble Province, commencing at about the lixih D.'grce of South Latitude, and extending to about 17 ^ tlic Length upon the Coaft in a ftrait Line, reckon'd at leail 220 Leagues from C.ibo de it A^Hit in the North, where (chjito ends to a lit- tle below Arei/mpH in the South, wi.-rc Los Charcu begins. From Bail to Well it Ihetch- es out in breadth in foine i'arts loo Leagues, in fome more, in other lels, not to include any of the other Provinces we are to fpeak of a- part. The South Sea walhes it on the Wc.1 , Quito and Pafamtros are on the North, the Ccmtvies as PERU 295 as yet unknown on the Eaft, and Lot Charcu on the South. AiigtilUne Zaratc^'w his Hiftory of Peru, divides the Natives into three Nations, by the N;imcs of Timg.u^ T.iffanes , and Mochi- ch.u, differing amonj; themfeWes in Languages, but all of them fpeaking that of Cufco. Garci- laffo ipfovms us, that the Peruvians call all Coun- tries near the Sea, and fr.ch as are hot, Tunpa, and thence all the Inhabitants of the Plains are caird Tungu. Now for the better uiiderdand- ing the Situation of thefe Countries, we will bet;in with the Plain , and run along tlie Sea Co;il\ from North to South. This lower Part is call'd the Plai\is of PerH, where it never Rains, nor Tliunders, bccaiil'c the hei;!,hth nf the Mountains Ihclters the bot- tom, fo that there can he no Land Breezes, mk\ conOquentlv the Wind off tlie Sea prevails , which meeting with nooppofition, does not prels the N'apours thit rife into Rain, for they ran Tievcv luiTicientlv condenfe. This is the Realbn that here never falls any more than a thick Mill, which yet helps to ripen the Corn, and all the waceriiig is lefs beneficial to this end. The land is generally a deep Sand , except in the Bottoms about tlie Rivers that come down from the Mountains, where Channels heinc cut to water the Ground, there grows much Corn, Oil, Sugar, and all (orts of F.iimpean and A- >/icric(»: Grain , and Fruit. At the foot, and fides of the Mount;iins there is rich Pailnre , and multitudes of Cattel, and as much diffe- rence of Weather as can be wiih'd , for the top is cold, the bottom hot, and the middle part tem- perate. Coming along thefe Plains from the Province of Otiito, the firft N'alley is that of Xjyama^ a- bout 16 Leajiucs Gouth from the Town of 5. Afi- ch.tet^ before mcnt'on'd, then that of Tiiqiicme , ?. Cnito, ^. Colligiien, and 5thly, 5.w.-i. All vvliith a:-hH5 been laid before, are fertile and delightful, with Rivers rnnniiig arrofs them, and all between them deep, barren Sands, without any Tree, Plant, or living Creature on them , which the Reader is to oblerve, holds all aKmg the Coaft, and therefore fhall not be repeated. In this laft \'alley of Zamt ftands the Spamffj Town of Mir.iftoies, fometimes call'd by the Name of the \'alley, about 1 10 Leagues from Lima, the Capital, and 5 from the Sea, on which it has a Port call'd Chencepen, all the Way between them full of pleafant Woods, \ illages and Farms, and the Town it feU populous and very 1 icii. The next N'.illey lUU Soutiiward \f, P^fcamttyo^ reckon'd the bel\and mdii populous of them alL the Inhabitants whoreofj hiYorc the In^.tf lubdu'cf them, were Potent and dreaded by their Neigh- bour', and had abuiidance of Idol Temples, but are all now canfuily inftruif^ed in Chriftianity. tit\;c,iwrf follows, 'ittle inferionr to the lall, and tlien Iniro, much dmir'dby the Ir.gas, ana now the Seat of the Town ofTnix.llo, aKmnding in all Things for Coiiveniency andDeligbi, tn7Dc- jjrecs and a half of fioiih Lititude and 80 Leagues troni Lull J. It is reckon'd one of the he'A Towns in PoHy very 1 ai'i^e and will Built, and has 4 Monafleries. About ;o Lca,^ues South from it is the Town and Valley of Sj.-m , otherwile call'd Lt Parilliif near the Sea on a good River, forming a convenient harbour. Atntdo^ another Sp.m.j/i lown IS in the \ alley of Gj.iwc.i), 9 or 10 Leagues from 'j,>;w, and a half from the Sea. The Valley of Lima is the Largeft in all the Plains from Tumbez., of the Delightfulncfs where- of all Men fpeak Wonders, for the Heat is never ofiiinfive, nor is there ever fo much Cold as to re- quire a Fire , for the tendered Perfons. Their Summer is our Winter, and their Days are never longer than 14 Hours, or Oiorter than ti, and the Earth produces all Things in wonderful Plenty. To come to the City which is the Metropolis of this Province, it is cM'd Cindad de los Reyes, that is, tlie City of the Kings, anti fometimes Li/fia^ from the Valley it ftands in, the Latitude being 12 Di^.tees and a half South •, no Town in Peru^ unlefs it be C)(/co,can compare with it. The whole IS divided into (quare Wards, each of them of 150 Paces, the Streets crofling them allftrait, withoui the leaft winding, and there are 22 of thefe Wards or Qii.irters from Eaft to Weft and 14 from North to South. A great River runs on the North fide of it, over which there is a good Stone Bridge, and over it the Suburb of S. Ljz.a- >.'<.', divided after the fame Manner : On the Eaft is another Suburb inhabited by 800 rich IndiM Families , endos'd with a Rampart of Earth j with a College <^f ;eruits,and a Governour of their own. In the City is the N'iceroy's Palace, ancl the Sovereign Court confifting of 8 Judges. The Viceroy's Salary is 40000 Ducats, but that is the leaft Part of his Revenue, which in Effect- ^ar.not be worth much lefs than a Million of Crowns a Year. The Archbill.op's Revenue is 30000 Ducats, and the other Churchmen proportionable. In the midft of the City is a large Square, and on the North fide of it the Viceroy's Palace, extraor- dinary Great and Magnificent-, on the Eaft fide theCathedral,like that of Sevil •, on the South rich Shops, and on the Weft more Shops, the Town- Houfe and Prifon •, near which is the Arfenal for all Publick Stores. From this Square eight fpv tious Streets lead direftly through the Town int« the Fields. In Ihort, there are many other noble Streets, and ftately Struftures, too long to be mcntion'd particularly ■■, but in the main , there are 6 Pariln Churches, 15 Monafteries of Reli- gious Men, Jefiiits and Nuns, four Hofpitals for the Sick and Poor, and feveral other Churches and Chappets. This is the Place of greatert Trade in all Somh America, all the Trcalure of the Coun- tries about being convey'd thither, as are all the Goods coming from Spain, and otlier Parts, in re- turn of it. The Number of Spani//) Inhabitants does not exceed scxxd, who arc reckon'd to have 40000 Blacks. This Account, Ltfet fays, he had from Perfons of Credit, who had liv'd in Lima, and the Compiler of this Work has had much In- formation to this EfTeft from Spaniard), who knew this and other Parts of the H^cfi- Indies, of which as being the moft Modern Relations, he has fome- times made life. Cillao is the Port belonging to this City, about two Leagues diftant from it, and inhabited by 6oo5p.j//»i'(/,(,befides Blacks and Natives. Of late Years fonie flight Works have been thrown up a- bout it, fince the Pyrates have made their At- tempts upon thole Coalls. Four Leagues from the Valley of Lima South- ward IS that of P.it,h.icj»ia, than whicli nothing can be more Pleafant and Delightful-, and there formerly flood that prodijiious rich Temple, from which 1-erdiiiaiid 1'iz.airo is laid to have taken the Value of 9000CO Ducats in Gold and Silver, be- fides the immenfe Treafure the Soldiers had airea- S f f a dy :il t ti 1^ 11 ■i ^iw ' 1. 1^6 T E R V. dv Pltmder'd, and what the Heatlien Prit-ns had hid before their romiiig •, at prefentoiily the Ru- ins of it remain. The Valley of Childt is next, lo Leagues from Lima •, three Leagues farther that of Mala , and 5 from tliis tliat of Cnarco, where is a fmall Sp:mifl) Town call'd C.vniete or Cu<n-co, Two Leagues from it is the River and Vallev of iMttagit.ma, and 6 from that to Chun a •, then Tir.i, and in it the Sp-in'/h Town rali'd /''i/- verde very be:uuiful and rich, containing; about 500 Sp.tai.nds, 3 Monaileries and an Hofpital. Six Leagues from it is a Port oti thi; Sea, call'd Puerto iJiicnitdoj whence they tranfport the Wine grow- ing along thcfe Coafts in vaft Quantities, to o- ther Parts which want. Four Leagues hence is the \'alley of Tingez.. About 20 Leagues to the Eaftward is the Town o( Chociilacucbri, or Qiflro firrcyna , the \A'a\ 10 it rough and rtiny •, but the Place famoiw for the great Qii.aititv of fine Silver taken out of the Xlines, whuli are but 2 Leagues from ir, on the top of a hit;h a\id barren Mountain, always co- ver'd with Snow, and excelVive Co'd. After Tea follow other plea!;nitand delightful \'alleys,caird iti general L.-.n.ijia ; in one whereof known by the particular Name i'fCi.v.iinalci, the /'.>;.» had formerly a wonderful i^alace •, thtn N.ijc.i, Hu- ran', Ocnunt and C.twan:!, where is the Town of 5. Aiigndde Ribcra, !■>, Leagues South from Luna and 22 Nortli from Arcqiupa. Laftly, the Town of AreqHipa^ is in tlie Valley of Qit'ika, about 12 Leagues from the Sea, ftanding in an excellent Si- tuation for Fertility and whollom Air, with a good Port at the Mouth of the River C/j//;, which pafTes by the Town , and brings a great Trade to it. It is 150 1 eaguesfrom Poiofi^M)(\ tlie Way very bad •, yet formerly all the Trealure was brought down tlnther , as it is now to ./4r >,/. Not far from the Town is a burning Mountain, and the only Fault of it is, that it is very fubjeft to h'arthquakes. Having run along the Sea Coall and Plains of Pnit^ let u>now retHrn to tlie Inland and Moun- tain. The firft I'rovince there to the Northward, joining to that of 5. Mif'ttd of {Jjiitti-, is Cax.i- ),!aU,i, dilliniSV from the N'alley of the fame Name mention 'd above, in this Province the Ancient /nfiai had a Palace, a Stately Temple of the Sun, and other noble Struftures, and here /Itii^i/alpa the laii: of them was taken and dy'd. The Soil js as fruitful as any in tlie Univerfe, andhasMuies of leveral Metals ^ and the Natives are peaceable, courteous and inclurtrious, making curious Cloth '.'' tlie Wool of the Pefiroiiw Sheep. The Town call'd by die Name of the Province is at the Foot of a Hill divided by two Rivers, over whicli tliere are Stmie l^ridges. This Province is 90 Leagues trom Lima, in the Way to whicli is the Territory i)((i!i.,\iv.<, inhabited bv k\\' Spa/ii.irds, and many Fndiati.'i, vaftly rich in Sheep, Woo!, and fine Cloth they make of it. Beyond C(.v./;«.(/tvj, tliere is another Roid Pa- ved bv the />',.; 1/ of Peru, leading to the Chacha- piya.', where there is a Sp.imlh Town call'd S. Juan ik /j/'. .;/.!( ;,(, 100 Leagues North-eall from Lima, and wii!i(;iikl Mines, beiides Multitudes of Sheep of whole \\ ool much Clotli is made •, beiides Aco- //.■««Jekribes a fort of Almonds, or I luit growing here, not luilike them, in great PkiUy, whidihe liiys is the bell and inoll delicious of all Fruit in the World. The Mountains Andes cndole tins lerritory o( (\ixamMia ou the Fail, and beyond them is the River and Diftrift of Afoyoba/uba, where the Sp.v/iards have anotlier Town, call'd' Santiago delos f.iHes and (binetimes Ahyabainha above 100 Leagues Novtii-eaft from Lima. ' From Ca.yawalca 1 1 Leagues to tlie fpacious and populous N'alley u{ Uuamachitcn^ whence another Koad ran to the Concbii'-s and Rombim^ the firft ofwhiih is two Da\s lourney off and has feve- ral Gold Mines-, from O/t/'wco to Pilioba/r.ba 17 leagues-, from Pili4-iinba to 6V,ii-.;i8, where the 'ridians arc lb laborious, t'lat thev will work ill the Mines 3 next is the 1 erritory of Pif!ci>s,mti then that of r/.i.vr;;//).-.' , near whicli was one of ih.'Stat.lieCi Palaces in Peru, with a Temple of the Sun and rrff-rl N'irgins attending it. A t pre- feiit tliere is a Sjiai/ifi Colony call'd Lco>! dcd.i.u ■iii'ic., 60 I endues from Lima, tlie Moinitam Way others call it (•i:a>.\:to I'ic lot C.iv.dkros -, it is plea- fint, rich, and abounds in all Thing, for the Con- veniency of Life, having many Luiiaii Tovnis .about it. Next to dii'vuco follows Eoinbini, which Za- >-'i'e fays is the highelV Country in Pin, and all Plain, conlequently Cold, and the Natives war- like. In it is a Lake 10 Leagues in Compals about which the Natives live in \ illages. Ten Leai'ues from Borlrn begins the Territory (A Taiama , more fruitful than the laft, auJ aajouiing to it thoi'e of Aitabiltos and Ciji:pie!ios, beyond which Laftward is that of Mama, and bevond that a- gain downright Defarts. From Tarama tlic great Koad leads next to Xanxa, the moll famous Port ot all Peri', witli the River A'.w.v.; running tlirough it, often call'd the Afaramioi', as believ'd to take in many other Rivi.i-. Iroiii the Midland Provin- ces, and to fall into the Nm-th Sea. This Valley of X.-.'/.v.-i is 14 Leagues in length and 4 or 5 in Breadth, and 111 it a llately P.ilare of the P/^as. The whole Diilrie't enclos'd by high ihowy Moun- tains, and about ^6 or qo 1 eagues dillant from Lima , in it there are I4great Towniof Lid.ans^ wit! feveral MotialUries of DomiiTicavs vsiA Fran- cijc u;< toinllrufl them. F rom Xanxa to tlie Sp mijh Town of S. J'j/:» 't liVttoria ox (luama^rj^a , is ^o leagues over the higli ,VK)untains cncloling tlie N'alley of Xanxr, on which are to be fe^n t!ie Ruins of ancient Stru- ^lures. Tlie Town of Hiiamanga Hands in 13 Degrees of South Latitude between 70 and 80 leagues Eafl , fomewhat Souther' y from Luna^ near the great Road, on a Rivuict of excellent Water. The Monies are all of Stone til'd, and there are tliree Churches , befides leveral Mona- lleries, many Brotherhoods, and a noble Hol'pi- tal , as alio a Rilhop. I he Air here is temperate and the Soil fertile, yielding excellent Wheat, ahundai.ce of tlie Herb Cor,;, before Ipoken of, many Medicinal Volants and feeding Plenty ol Cat- tel -, befides all wliicli, here arc Mines of (jold. Silver, Copper, Iron, Sulpluir, and Loadflone. From Ciiiamanga to the Plain of Ompa are two Leagues, and thence 11 to the great Palace of Hilcii, reckon d bv ihe Indian: the Centre, and formerly one of tlie mod Magniticent in Pir,^, now only Ruins, with a'a Indian Town about it, and feveral otiiers at a Dillance. Seven Leagius from Bicas \'i'Uraiorca, or A>idai!^uiyla, tlieiice to Ahiticiy II, thence to the iWsxx Apwiihia ti, and from Atinrima 12 nii re to Ciiuo , before we Ipeak of wliich City, we mull return tiwattls (ii: unaiiga to give iome Acconii t of tlie laiiioiii .VLnes of (in.im iv'i> I, 8 or 10 Leagues diifant lloai f-'in/,ia. .j.<i 1 e.ig let witi Mines, 1 half line which t! of .S'. 7/- the Kill tliis I'rov foyob.Vfilni, wii, cuU'd fiyobJi/:b.i, na. lacious and ICC Mni)tlicr '?, t!u- firft d lias fcvc- ■olnin-.b.i zy ■- 8 , wliere .- will work ' ^i/:cosy^nd \v IS one of i T(.Tn\ilcof it. s\ t pve- ,ca!i Ac a.i.u wiAwt Way, t •, it is pU'ci- lor tlieCon- ii.in Tovvivj , which Z:i- '< ■-■«, and all Sarives war- jtnpal's about Teii Leaj^ut's of T:f' Mll.t , ouiin^ to it levoiicl which vond that a- wiit tl'.c great t famous I'ort iniiii^througH liev'd to take land I'tovin- This Valley ^nd 4 or 5 in of the /'.?:". Ihowy Mor.ii- dilhuit from nsof liid.nns, aiu a.nd IrrM- of i'. Jolw > ^ucs over the y of X.iiixr, ancient Stru- liands in 13 n 70 and 80 f from Liin.J, ^ of excellent ine til'd, and ;veral Mona- nohlc Holpi- ; IS temperate Ucnt Wheat, e Ipoken ot, lenty ofCat- incs of Gold, load [tone. tnp.i are two oat Palace of Centre, and lent in Tt'^s r,vn ahiHit It, even Leai^iu'i ■/jy/.i, ih.;iice 1 , before we urn tuvanls f the iaiiiou» ;i.;ues dillant "P E R V. from Gii:t»iant!,a North-weft , .ivd cali'd by the Svtniards, I.l ylffienio dc Oraficft, yii-ldiiiu, a vafl Qiiantitv ofQiiick-filver, of mitihtv life for Clcan- fing the Silvi'r tjiken out of tlie Mines. The Na- tives knew notliinj; of this Metal, but dug out the fcrmillio/i, which runs in tlie ^'cin with it, to Paint thtmltlves •, nor did the Spni! ids them- felves know it till the Year i06, when one Henry Carces , a Portiipjicfc , wlio had feen the Quick- filver Mines mSpii'm found it out:, for the Quick- filver does not run I iqnid in tlie \'ein as many imaf!,'ne, but is (olid mix'd with the Vermilion •, and this Mineral is beaten fmall and put intf> Cru- cibles, where the Metal running, all the Qtiick- lilver evaporates with the Smoke, and as foon as it cools •, or meets with anv other Body it falls down ayiiti 1 i'l'Mfi, as we fee it, which the Cu- rious may fee at l.iri',e in Anjtt. Nor is there any Dana,er in the liicging of it, which many conceit, but all the Hurt is in the Smoke that ri- fes from meltm.', , and therefore tliey come not near it till quite cokl, when it does no farther llavm. Of thisQiiick-filver between 6 and 7000 Qiiintals, or hnndred VVeiiilit isfpent every Year in r-.fining the I'late at Potvfi. To return to The/'ity o^Cnlin, it was the Metropolis of Pan, the Court of the /wi;.M and nohUft of their Cities, featcd Ml 13 De?,rces and a half of South Latitude, i;o leai'.nesEaft from /.//;;.i, on a lurd rugged Ciround, cncompafs'd with Mountains. It is diviaed into two Parts,w!iich arc i-/.i/i.ni-CitJco^ the t/'/'pf;- Ciifir, and hnrin-Cufca, the LowcrCitfco^ and tliefe into 7 Qmrters or Wards, and 5 Sub- urbs. On the Top of tlie Mountain Sicfihiuwt, which hangs over tlie City, the /^ig.is have a Ca- ff |e, the Ruins whereof ftill fliow it was a won- deti'ul Strudhirc, the Stones of it being of fuch a Prodigious Magnitude, that no Man can imagine how the Iiidi.ws dclfituteof all Iron Tools could cut tiiem , or how they could bring them 6 or 7 I casques witiiojt Horles, or Carts, and even acrols great Rivers: and laflly, Iiow they could joyn them fo nicely without Liine, <'rot!ier Cement. Tliis they who dellre more Particulars may fee farther del'crib'd md.irc'.l.iSfo^ '/,ir^H\ and Luct. The Streets of the City arc long, but narrow :; the Iloufes of MnlViveStone,aud it has 4 Churches, befides as manv .Monafteries, a College t>f lefiiits, and (oiiie Hofpitals. In the midff of it is a Spring, wiiofe Water congeals o'i it felf into pure Salt. 3COO Sp.mtuids and icooo fmli.vis inhabit this Ilace, which is alto a Bilhoprick, and the Trea- firre found hi if, when the Sp.mi.inls came firll \' ,-.s incredil'.le, belkles what has been often found fince in places under Ground , which have been accidental^ dileover'd. [•'our Leagues North-eaft from Cifc in the de- lightful and fertile \'alley of niaty, whither they fend tlic Sirk from Oijco, to recover their Health. On tlie Weft is that of Cni7bih1l1.11 :, Eathvard towards tlie y^'ida that of Fik.-.h.imha , wliere the Spwi.iriis have the Town of S. Francis dc li f-'.'r ';;■;..', among the Mountains Andes \ and laflly, .|.o I e.igues South is the \'alley of Carabuv.i, be- let with Mountains, and in it the rich (jold Mines, whith yield it 24 and 23 Carats and a l\ilf fine, and lomeil'Vics in large Pieces, near to which the i'poiiirds have built the fmall Town of .S'. ;Y/.'..',-; Jcl Oi-i) , or i'cldin S. Join , which is ilie bill Place vve have Occalioii to fpeak ofm this Province. ^97 I us Charcas, or la Plata. The latter Name given it from its Capital City fo caird. Its Length from Eaft to Weft is about ISO League?, where molt, and the Breadth from North to South along the Sea Coall 150. On the North it borders all along upon the I'rovince of Pent, properly fo cali'd, Kallward for the moft part on S.u.ta Cuz. dc l.i Sicir.i •, Southward on liiciimM and Chile., and the Weft fide is waOi'd by the South Sea. The Scafons here are the Rcvcrfe of Fitrope .^ our Summer is their Winter and their Winter our Summer, as lying between 17 and 25 De- grees of South Latitude, and the Cold is much niore prevalent than the Heat \ yet there are \ alleys, encompafs'd with high Mountains, which are hot and fruitful. The reit of the Land is generally barren , as to bearing of V\ heat and other Grain-, but abounds in Pafturc, cipecially in tlie large Province of Coll.w^ and about the Banks of the Lake Titiaua \ more particularly It is 1 xcellent for feeding of Sheep, whereot there are great Multitudes, and haveverv fine WooL, but above all the Plenty of Silver Mines and <Jther Metals is here flupendious. This Province is divided into feveral Dif\rii.^s, whereof that cali'd 1 1 CjIIw is the largelf and moft populous of all Ptrn., extending i-.alhvard to the Andes, Wefhvard to the Siiuwy Moun- tains, Northward the Territory of Cujco, and Soutliward L.i Plar.i and L< S.cn.i. All this Country is plain, water'd by many Rivers, and confe<iuently valUy Rich in Flocks of Sheep. The Cold is more intenfe than in any Part of Pcrii^ except the fnowy Mountains, and the Rea- fon they think is, becaule this Plain is as high as they •, and this Coklnefs is the Caule that it yields not much Grain , which makes the People feed on the Roots they call P.ip.u. The Natives are of a ready Wit and Induftrious, and underftood the Couri'e of the Sun and Moon, and reckon'd by Months and Years, before the coming of the ypiniards. Here following the High Way from Ciijco^ we meet with the Lake Tnictci, where the great Road made by the JniKK, before fpo- kcn of divides it felf, on both fides tlic laid Lake. This lake Tiiicnca ^ tlie l.argeft yet known of in the South America , is in the Middle of r.l ColLw , about whofe Hinks there are abun- dance of Indian Towns, as there arc in the l(;ve- ral fmall Hlands within it. The Compafs of it is about So Leagues, and the Depth in Come Pla- ces reaches to 70 or 80 I-athom , and it fwells with Storms, as if it were an Ann of the Sea, tho' it be 60 Leagues from it. Aiofl.i tells us a- bove 10 confiderable Rivers fall into this Lake, which has but one Outlet, not large but deep, along which the Water runs lb fwift, that there is no building either a Wooden or Stone Bridge oyer it •, ^et the W.'./«j havecontriv'd a Bridge of Straw and Rullies ty'd m Bundles, and made fall to both Banks witli Ropes, lb tliat both Men and Beafts loaded pafs over wiiiiout any Dan- ger, and it rills !o lightly upon the V\ atcr, that giving no Oppofition, it ealil\, luhlifts. In the 1 ake grow a fort of Rullies cali'd Toio,.i^ which the Natives eat, and feed Swine, I lories and o- ther Beafts with them-, they ferve to thatch their Houfes to make Boats, fjr Fuel and many otiicr llfes. ■:|*' (.^ ! , m i IM' 11: 1 i I I I { .mi f' zpS T E RV. Uffs. The Water is not fait, hut mudcK' and unfit to drink. For 1-ilh it has but of twotoits, the one rall'd Bo!i,.i: and the other Siichosy neither of them very good •, but there is on it an innd- nierable Multitude of Geefe, Ducks, and otiicr Water-Fowl. The Out-let having run near 50 leagues, forms another fmaller lake, call'd r.nlu, or di Aidagas, in which there are feveral 1 Hands, but no other Out-let to it, whiili makes many believe that it has fome fubterraneous Rilfai'.e in- to the South Sea, and the railicr Iietaule not far from it, there is a River that runs to tlie Sea, whofe fource cannot be f )Und. The I and about the Lake is full of Cattle, clpecially Swine, be- caufe of the Totor.t Rulbes, wlnili tliofe Crea- tures delight in, and fattens them extreamly. Palling along the great lload by abundance of Indi.m Towns, on the WelUrn Liaiik of ilie Lake, the next Diftrift is that of Chiqitiio , niliabitcd by manv Thoufandsof Native^ among whom the Jcp.ilts have (everal Schools, and the Spvudrds a Town of the fame Name, the Government where- of is worth above 400CO Ducats a Year. Beyond the Out-let, is a finall huU.m Town, in wliich there are Ancient Struftures of marvellous Mag- nificence, and beyond them a Hill wall'd in, and on it two Statues of Men, of a Gigantick Sta- ture, with long Robes,and N'eils over their Heads, nothing like w'hat the Ptruvians wear, and feeni tob.' carv'd by excellent Statuaries, whereof the Natives can give no Account \ as Ciez.a and Gani- lijfo write. JSJHcJha Scnmra de la Paz., otherwife call'd Pite. Ho Nuevo, is on the Eaft of the Lake, at a great Diftancc from it, a Town taking up a Imall Valley among the Mountains which (belter it from the Winds, the Winter being very lliarp , and but io Leagues from the y^Wf.f. TheTi itory yields little Corn, but lias (;old Mines and much Salt, This Town is in the Territory cail'd f-lmquitibo. Proceeding along the Out-let of the great Lake, follows the Territory call'd I'aria, full of Indian Towns, and turning thence towards the Mowv t\\w Aiide<, that of C/J«^;^y.'/f/7, where ftands the Metropolis of this I'rovince , fometiincs call'd CXuqiiif.ii\i, but more generally La rt.ua ^ 18 Leagues Eall from Potofi. Here refides the Sove- reign Court of the Province dt los Ch.ric.u, and tliereforc it is very populous, and has ftvcral Mo- nafleries and a Cathedral, tlie Hilhop's Revenue being worth 80CCO Ducats a Year. All th . Coun- try about is full of rich Silver Mines, which gave the Name ta the Town. Beltdes thole in it, tliere are llveral Hundred Spumards living in Country Houles, aiicl many Tnoulhnd liidi.nis Tnbutaiy to thun, all extraordinary rich. Twi-iity two 1 eagues from Piii<{t to the Eaft- waid is aiKitl'.ir Town call'd Of(4<y,(, tlie Inlia- bita-its whereof make a great Trade ot carrying tlieir Corn and Cattel to that City. T hirty leagues to t!ie F.afVward ol (.'ljitijii:f.ira, there are three little Towns, winih (Irve as KortrtHes a- gainll tlieC/;n/i,/((W(/i, an Inland People not well iiibdu'd. The Imperial City of Poto/i , as the Spa>ii)nds call It, Hands in 21 Degrees ot South latitude, 18 Leagues V\ill from La Pitta, feo Ealhvard from Aricaun the South Sea, and above 350 from Hiu>:as Ayns, or the gre.it River of PLiu., inha- bited by 5 or 6cco ^pai.'iards, and a much grea- ter number of Strangers i for Traders relort to it ficm all Parts, and no fewer idle Pei>ple, who have iiotiiing to do but Game and make Mcrryj Above ^Gcoo Iiidi.it.'i are contiiuially in the Sub- urbs, vvlio come far and near to work in the .Mines, beraufe the Pay is very great, and very often they give the Proprieti-r io much a Day, and make alt they can of a Mine, bv which they enrich themfelves prodigioudv. In the City there are feveral .Monafleriesol Religious Men and Wo- men, and a College of Jejiiir.'. Acofia fays, all the Country about is extreme Cold, barren and deilitiite ot all Tilings necefliiry for the fupport of lluiiian Life \ yet the Plenty of Silver has not only made it fo populous, but brings the greateft Plenty of Provifions and all other Necefiaries, or Conveniences from the remoteft Parts, fo that no Place is better ferv'd. The Mountain of Potofi appears above the refl, like a Sugar Loaf, natu- rally difficult of Accel's, but now Horfes go up. Tlie Bottom of it takes up a league, and the Top ends ill a Point. At the Foot of this is a Part of the Mountain, proceeding from the great one, wiierc level al Hat Pieces of natural pure Silver liavc been found. This is call'd Uttle Potofi, and on the fuie of it begin the Buildings of the Spa- niards and Indians, being aluioll two Leagues in Compafs, fo that it is the largell City in Peni. The Mines here were not known to the Ing.ts of Pan, but accidentally difcover'cl by an Indian 12 Years after the coming in of the Spaniards, and were four in Number, Co rich, that none in the World could ever compare to them ; for al- moft half tlie Ore was at firll pure Plate , and the King's fifth Part of them for feveral Years amounted to at leaft a Million of Pieces of Eight a Year , and there is no Doubt but that he was cheated of half. Another excellency of thefe Mines is, that at loo Fathom depth, they find no Wa- ter ; but to eal'e that immenfe finking downright, in many Places they di^ in at the Side of the Hill and meet the \\i,is upon the Level, which are fometimcs larger , and fometimes fmaller , fome richer, loine poorer iii Ore i but the Vein is al- ways found to run between two RfKks, the one fideot which is mucli harder than the other, and thofe Rocks, they call the Box, or the Cafe. Having extencled fo much on account of this beloved .Metal, it will be grateful to add a Word more concerning the manner of deanfing and refining it, wherein we (liall Hill follow Acofla. All the Ore is carried on Sheeps Backs to the Mills. ^ When broken and bruis'd, the rich Ore is refin'd by melting only in Crucibles, where the Drofs fettles to the bottom, the Lead which is always mix'd with it, lies on the Drofs, and the pure Silver fwims 011 tlie Lead. An hun- dreH weight of Ore will yield 30, 40^ or 50 piece of Eight of pure Silver by this way of melt- liig-, nay lome has yielded 200, and jjo, but tliat is rare. The poor Ore is that which of an huiicjred Weight yields 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 pie- ces ot V:vA\x. at moll, and this being hard and dry, wirTiout mixture of Lead , cannot be re- fin'd by Fire, and therefore valt quantities of it lay about Potcfi, as meer Drofs, till the dean- fing vvitii Quicklilver was brought into u(e, which is thus. The Ore is ground in the Mills, and then lifted tlirough Wire Sieves, very dole. Tlie fine Stulf is put into Troughs , where it is teinper'd with Brine, allinviiig five hundred VV eight of Salt to every fifty ot pounded Ore, which lerves to lool'en the Plate nom the Clay. The'i tliey Iiiiiee7e the Qiicklilver on it thro' aHollaiid have P E KV. 199 a Holland Cloth , wliirfi makes it fall like .1 l>w, working and ftirring all cotitinually, that they may mix, and inrorpoiatc The better to brin!^ this to p;i!s, thcv make a i!,entlc Fire in Vanits inukr the Troughs, and that heat makes the Qiiickfilver operate, and cliin; to the l^late m 5 Days, whereas before, wlien tlie^ did it by the heat of the Sun, it took np 20 Days', and tpiich Labour to work it to^;clIier over and over. When the Quickfilver and l'i;itc arc vvell incorporated, the Ore is all put into VelRls of Water, where ftirring it rontmually about, all the Clay and Eartli waflies off, and tlie two Metals (ink to the bottom. This they fqneeze in Cloths, through which much of tlie Qinck- iilver will drop, the reft remains in a Mafs witli the Silver, and that thev put over a fierce lire, with a hollow VelTel over it. Tlie tire expelU all the Mercury , which the hollow Veflel re- ceives, and the i'late remains in a Mafs, full of holes, like a Honey comb, where the Qiiickfilver has Hown out of it. We have exceeded on the Account of this precious Metal, they who dc- fire more Particulars, may fee tliem in Acofiit, Porco is another Town 6 Leagues Weft from La Plata ^ where were once the iamoufeft Mines of Pcr/f, before the discovery ofPorofi, but much decay'd by reafon of their being io much inieft- ed with Water. Continuing on the way hence to the Sea, we come to the famous Port of Aii- cti, in 19 Degrees, 20 Minute-- of South Latitude, well fortified of l;ite Years againft the attempts of Pirates, becaufe all the Plate of Potfji, and other Parts thereabouts, is brought down hi- ther on Sheep, and here lliipp'd off (or /,</«,(, and this is the only Place of Note of tliis Province on the Coaft. Having I'poken fo fully of all Places, and mat- ters of Note in this Province, it will be need- lefs to add any more relating to things of lefs Confeqiience. What other Towns there are, liave not any thing that can require a Ipecial mention, and to run through all the Indian Names of Tribes, whjcli are alinoft as many as Towns, would not afford any matter of Information, and therefore we proceed to the next Province, whicli is La Sierra, or Santa Cru7. de la Sierra, Lies up the Inland, has Los Charcaj for its boun- dary on tlie Weft, on the North for the moft part the Inland Countries little known , anc! much of the fime fort on the Weft , and South •, the Name of Lt Sierra fignifying the Mountain taken from its Pofition among them, and the addition of Santa Cruz., or the Holy Crofs given to the Capital City. The City bearing the fame Name of Santa Cruz, etc it Sierra^ is about icxj Leagues to the Eaft- ward of La Plata, on the Road to the ^ffum- piion, in Paraguay. The Country about it is icarcc of Water, yet not barren , as bearing Wheat, Indian Corn, and Wine. Its Situation a Plain, extending far, the Houfescover'd with Palm-Tree Leaves, and by it runs a Brook, if- luing from a Rock, and forming a Lake 4 Leagues from it, whence it is plentifully provided with Filli, as it is from the Neighbourhood with all Fruit of thofe Parts. The Natives of this Pr.jvince formerly liv'd iu Houfcs ol Clay, and gather'd the Rain-Water in Wells , or Cifterns, yet they often fuffer'd to Extremity for want of it, and were cruelly infefted by their Neighbours the Chcrigitanes , and Titanes, who enjoy a fertile Soil 35 Leagues from them, and are great Man-eaters. Twenty five Leagues from the City is the Territory of the Paicanas, where there are Ciourds of fuch a pro- digious bignefs, that the Shells of them hold a quarter Cask of Wine, and the Natives ufe them inftead of Chefts, to put up their Cloaths, and other Goods. Their Country is fubjeft to much Heat and Cold, only inverting our Seafons. The Natives are of a bafeand dull Difpofition, with- out am 'nduftrv. The Men wore lool'e Robes of Oftrich Feathers, and tlie Women others f^raiter, of Peru Woolly at prcfent they all ufe (Cotton. There are fome other fmall Towns of Spaniards in this Country, and many of Natives, and a- mong thefirft, S.-orwtr, Santa Oiiz. la Niitva Jffm Maria, &c. Of all which it w^ould be fu' pcrfluous to make any particular Dclcription, nor indeed do any Travellers, or Hiftorians fur- iiilh us with any thing of Moment concerning them, for being very near the barbarous Nati- ons, and dertitute of Gold or Silver Mines they are not as yet any way timous. V & '-■•8 i CHAP. XIV. Containing the Hiftorical Account of PERU. [i^. ■i: IT is moft certain, that before the coming of the Spiiniardi , the Peruvians had no know- ledge of Letters, Charafters, or any (brr of Writing, any more than the reft of the Indi- .rw, and \et they Iiad Methods to preierve their Ancient Hiftory, and good Order in things re- lating to their Government, In order to it, they were very ex.i^ in their Iratlitioti , which '-e Youth rccciv'd from their tiders, and delivci'd to their ( hiklren, as a thing Sacred. Kcfides this, they had a lort of Pifhires to (upply the want ot V\ritingi but the moft woiiderlul, and unintelligible thing to us, were thole thev call'd QHibot. -Thofe confifted of abundance of Twifts, or Threads put together, and thofe full of va- riety of Knots, and diverfity of Colours, every one of which fignified fomcthing ^ fo that a bunch of thele Threads was to them inftead of a Book, and by it they told all things in their Hiftoty, knew their laws and Ceremonies, and cart Accompts to Admiration. For the prcferv- itig of thefe Oiiip"!, there were Officers, call'd Qhiipocamiyo.', who were oblig'd togiveanexaft Account of what all thofe things fignified, as the ableft Scholar in Lnrcpe may uo •, having fcve- veral Ouipis for ail different Ufes. This they can -< ^ w I !l J 00 T E R V. can d(! to thi» Davj and an /W/i»by fuch a clu- ftcr of Threads will tell c-xartly vfliat anyOf- ficer IiHs d'liic there for fevcral Vcars , and in all Parts. Others have little Stones, by wliich they remember any tiling they are to learn, and by that means get all the Chrif'tian Doftrine, fo that when they are out, looking upon tlie St(jnes, they fet themrclves ri.;ht again , as we might do by looking in a Hook. Then for the moft intricate Accompt in Arithmetick, they will call it up in a Moment with <jnly a few Cjrains of their Corn, better than an able Actomptant fliall do with his Fen, which muft be wliat is ftill praftis'd among us with Counters. Thefe were the Means bv which the Indims fB'cferv'd the Knowledge of tluir Antiquities, and the Kings of 5/).7;« having order'dall tbatcould be learn'd of this fort, to be diligently collefl- ed, and preferv'd •, fcvcral Authors have treat- ed of it, and tlio' they differ in many l^oiiits, that is no more than we kc in our own written Hiftorie', and in the main they agree all welle- iiiiugli, but bccaufe we have not liere room to deliver things more at large, we lliall'contentour felves to follow y/ca/Vj, a learned and judicious Man, who learnt what he delivers, upon the Sppt. Kormerly, before the /w,.n had fulidu'd all the Country, there was no Kingdom of any Note, but tlie People liv'd either abfolutely free, or under pettv Princes, ()r Lords, like tlie Caciques of moit other Parts of ^Mf//tv/. Since the /«;;/.( began to reign, is under 4, and above 300 Years before the coming of the Si-ar.iiirds ^ but for a long time their Dominion did not extend above 5 or 6 Leagues about the City of Oijio , where they had their Original, and by Ucgiees lirctch'd farther and farther overall the Country we call yfrz/jfrom above i^/rZ/o, and the River /'..y!'o,iii the North 10 Cnilc, in the South being ahnoll ioco 1 eagues in Lcii!,t!t. In Breadth from the South Sea, on the Well to the great Plains beyond the long Ridge of the Mountains Andes in the Eall, where is the /«i;-i's Piuar:t^ being a Kortrefs e- rerted to fecure tlie Frontiers on that fide ^ and they went no farther that way, becaule of the immenre Waters, Moraffes, Lakes, and vail Ri- vers there were in the way to obftruft ti'eir PalTagc, fo that it did not exceed an hunc' ed leagues. Thefe Ii!j!,-is lurpals'd all other Nati- ons of Aii:nic.i in the Art ot Government and Politicks, and mucI>inore in Martial Diicipliiie, and Br.ivery. Tiie Pretence they had for conquering of that Country, was thel-able, that after the i niverial Deluge, of which they had fomedark Knowledge, tile lnc,M had been the KelU'rers of Mankind, (even of tliein coming out ot the Cave of Pm-,iu- r unho, and therefore all other Men ow'd them Tribute and Subjection, as to their Progenitors. Relides they affirin'd,that they only had the true Religion, ,nid knew how God ought to be I'erv'd and honour'ti, ;iiid theretlne were to niliruaall others, f-oi tliiv Realoii they infilled much on their Rites and Ceremonies tor which tiid they had above 4C'") I'lacesof V\oilliip m C'.i/ta , asa Holy Land, .nid all I'laces about it (.ontain'd liiine Myllci^, and as they comiuti'd, lo they iiurotluc'd theii Religion, flu- piiucipal Objeit of their Adoration, was f'u.noi.ij.i i'iUh.iy.ahit- '''/c, that is, th' Creator of the VVoiiti, and next t"> him,thc Sui\,vho,as well as all their other 0/< 1- cas, or Idols, they faid, had their \'irtiic and Being from the Creator, and interceeded witli him. The firft Jngi the People of Peru nam?, was AltnAocapi, who, they /cig", after the HcxxJ came out of the Cave of Tumho, 5 or 6 leagues from C«/t'^i and from him delircnded the chief Families of Ingas, the fiulof theincali'd H.mau- ciij'co, and the other Vrinciifco , from the for- mer of them came the Sovereigns, who conquer'd the Country. Inga Roca was the next they men- tion, as head of the Family they call t^iz.iq!iirM who tho' not great, tiril was lerv'd in Gold and' Plate, and order'd that all his Treafure Ihould be dedicated to the Worlhip of his Body, and maintainaiice of his Family, and in his Days they us'd golden Idols. His Succelfor did the fame, and tlience it became a Cuflom, that no Jtig,i Ihould inherit the Wealth or Goods of his Prede- celTor, but furnilli all anew. It is here to be obferv'd, that /wg.j among the Peruvians fignifies King, or Kmperour, and C\i- pic Itigi, the only King, which was the Title they gave their Sovereigns, all the Male IfTue being call'd barely Ing.n ., and the Qiieen was call'd Coya. T^gDjrgu.i^mi.i fuccecded J/igaroia^ for the Crown wasilcreditary, and was founder of the Family call'd A.uiili Pa/iacj. 1 lis Son y'lra- rocha Inga fuccecded him, and was wonderful rich ill Gold and Silver, whole Treafure, buried with him, Gonz.alo Pii.,.r,<i found at XiquixagHM/a, and burnt his Body bccaufe the Indians worlhipp'd it j ^et they gather'd the Allies , and ofFer'd Sacn- hce to them, till afterwards thole, and all the Bodies oi the other hgas kept embalm'd, were taken away todefVroy that Idolatry. Tins I>t- g.i was blam'd liir calling himl'elt f^ir.uoch.i, which is the Name of God, and he to excule it, pre- tended that yiracodia had appear'd to him 111 a Dream, and order'd he Ihould do lb. Pjch.iciiti Ingi Tiipaiigui reign'd next for 60 Years, and was a great Conqucrour. During his Father's Life, it happened that his elder Bro- ther, who govern'd for the old /«<;.), was rout- ed by the C'Miig,is, which are the People of An- d.ign.iyl IS, about 30 Leagues from Ciijco. Here- upon Tiip.mgui gave out, that ^ '.!•.« oc/a/, or God, had appear'd toTiim, and order'd that he lliould raife Forces, and caufe him to be worlliipp'd, as he imght, becaufe Men paid equal Worlhip to the Sun, and other Creaturcs,whereas he was their Creator ■, and that he wo. Id aliifl, and make him \ idorious. He dii^ (ii, thrult out his Father and brother, overthrew the Ch.wg.is , unci then ordain'd that rir,icvitj.i Ihould be held the uiii- verllil lord, and from that time his Idol was fet above that of the Sun, and their other O'w.j- iiis, or Deities. After the \'it"lory, heaquaiiit- ed his Soldiers, that it was not they who gainil It, but certain bearded Men fent him by /^o-j- loclhi, whom he f'aw, tho' they did not, and had been converted into Stones, which were to be found our, tor he lliould know them again. Ac- cordingly he gather'd abundance of Stones near the Mountains, which he appointed for Cj«..t.;/, or Idols, and to them they olier'd Sacrilice, aiict carr-^'d them to their Wars, with allurance of Succelsthrou;'i their aliillance, and through this Conceit they gaiii'd many \ klories. He made a large Statue of Oold , which he call'd LiUita- p.i, and plac'd 11 on a Bier of Gold, much where- ol w.is carrj'd to (.'... v.<//i.j/(rf to ranlom AtMuipa, \\heii •P E R V. witli when n.-M-rn Iiad him Piifoncr. His Body, witli thofc of many of his Servants t>i atund it, was fonnd afrtr wards atOz/ic/, as entire as if it hiul b-cn alive , and it was fciit io Ldhi, :Mid there kept a \mg time to be fe-.-n b^ tlie Spi'ii.ftli. I'op.t lii^.t Tiiptiit:,!ti iK.K his SufcefTor, and at- ti r liim an<itlier afcfndtd the Throne, of tlie fame Nam'. Tlie next was (//.' n7/,;(;.;p.;, wliith Name f|i.',nifies a N'alorons, and Wea'tliy Vontli, and he was bvith, i;overnin!; with Prudence and V\'il- dom, and extei'dini; his Conqr.ells on all fides iiniih finlier tlian any of liis Prcdeiellors, till lie i.\\A at Oii'to. He was ador'd whilll he liv'tl, wliiili t!ie ti:.lidtii aftirm'd had never been done to anv other:, and when he dy'd they ilew a Tl!(!u..nd ol his I'annly, to i;o wait on him in t!ie other \V'oiUl, which they all willingly em- brac'd. Ills Trealiire was immenle, and the Sp.iniii lit coiTiini; in loon after, the hidittiis took careto liide it, tho'tliey '.iftcrwards prodiic'd a lonfiderable lart tor the Ranlbm of his Son A- tthi'.itp.i. \]\s^on,Tja C::J// CiH.ilp.i, wlio after- warcU took the Name of Ora/tw Jugii, afcciided tlic flironeat Cr.Uo \ \n\i Atahu.dp.i, his young- er Brother, rebell'd at Quito, and lent Forces which took the e'.dtr Priloiier alter he had been proclaiin'd Kiiij,. All tlie People were extremely atlliiiU'd at this h.is Misfortune, and not being ab'etoaliill hiili, becauie Ai.iijiialp.i\\\il fuch a powerful Army, they otfei'd up a great Sacrifice to firacotH.i l'atihihtih,ichic,thi: uiiiverlid Creator befecchnig hiin, that fiiice they could not deliver their Sovertii',!!, he would lend People frt>in Hea- ven to do It for tliein. Soon after thiswas done, they receiv'd Advice, that a (hange People co- tnins', by Sea, luid landed, and taken ^^r.j^,/. (/p./, Now this happening loon after their Sacrifice, and thole tliat took lum being lo few, tliey con- cluded they »ere Men lent by God, and tlierefore caird them f.- icail.ii.y a Name given the SpM/i.irdj to this Day. After the Death of Atahn.ilpa, and Giuft.i)\ 7'/Cii>7o pclFelVd himfelf of a great Part of ilie Kingdom i bu' J. '.;/.;;.v;c.'/)./, another Son to (//(<_).■ }'i(.ip:i, befieg'd liim in Cnjlo, and rcdtic'd him to great ilreiglits, but was at lalt torc'd tode- (ill, and retire to A7/c;//'.;/a/i.( on the Mountains, wliere he defended himlelfby tlieiiacural tlrcngtli ot the I'lace, as did his SntceiUns, till A/ii.iro, one of them, was taken, and publickly executed 111 the Market place o( Oijco , to the unl'peaka- ble Sorrow ot ilie liid'uwi. Alter him leveral o- thers of tlie Kamily were made Priloners. One Ih'ii Cir/o:, Cirandlon to (.nt.iyriacap.i , aid Son to A;/'/, became a C'hrillian, and always favour'd ^01 the SihinJjy agaiiilt Al.ii.gocap.i. When the Marquelst/f C.wc.c was X'lceroy, S.iynropiihig.t came from i'ilc.ib,ih,ba to the City (if Lima, where he lubinitted, and had the \ alley of Tu- ivj) and other Lands given him, which his Daugh- ter inherited. Hitherto we have foUow'd AcojIa in this brief Account of the Reigns of the lng:s, now^ we will add a f.-v V\'ords < ut of Garcd.iljo concerning their Oovtrr.ment. They had divided their Do- minions into tour Parts, aniwering to theQjiar- tersof the World, and all thePeople were locli- ih-ibiited, that there were Oificers to every Ten, to every Hfty, every Hundred, and every Tliou- I'aud, who were to lee they wanted liir nothing, and committed no 'k '!fcnce, Co that the J-yi knew cxaftlyhow many SubieAs he had, and ui every \ illage there were Indges, who decided all (A)ntroverlies without Appeal, the ///>;-» himfelf determining all Difputes bet ween Pro. inces. The People pay'd the greateil 1 lonourhnaginable to their Sovereigns, and they had fecret Spies in all Parts, who gave them notice of any Mif- demcanours, which they caus'd to be fevcrely punilh'd. The Kings were abfolute over the E- rtates and Perlons of their Subjects, fo that they took filch of their Daughters a^ they pleas'd, ci- ther for their Concubines or Servants \ and it was a general Rule among them to Marry their own ekiell Sifters, wlio dying, or proving bar- ren, they Marry'd the next, and lb on ^ and tor want of them, the next of Kin. Extraor- dinary Care was taken that the Helds lliould be tiird and fow'd, and becaufe there was want of Water, there were magnificent Conduits in .dl Parts, and Trencher drawn for Rivers. The Land which was fow'd they divided into three Parts, the firft bdongd to the Sun, the next to the King, and the ^d to the Tiller. The King exaftcd no other Duties from his Subjefts but the fowing, reaping, andcarrvingin of his Corn to his Granaries, and the Cloaihs and Anns for his Soldiers, befides the Suthnance of the Poor, wliofe Tribute was a certain number of Lice, that they might not add to their own Milery by being nally. Gold and "Silver they receiv'd from their SubjeiE^s as a Prefent, not a>. any Du- ty, they knowing no other ufeof it but to ad- orn the Temples , and Palaces. Of their fum- ptuous V\orKs and Structures enough has been find in fpeaking of the Places wlicreanyof them were. I It has bee.i alfo l;»id, that they ador'd GixJ by the Name of (■^inicoih.i, and under him the Sun ^ to God they gave nothing, becauie he is Lord of all, but to the Sun they otier'd Sacrifice of Sheep, of Corn, of Garments, C>r. and to this pur- pofe they had many Priefls, and one chief of them. They confecrated \ irgins to the Sun at 8 Years of Age, like the Kommi f'lfl.d N'lrgins, of wliifh there were near looo in the City of C///(tf, who never went abroad, but were em- ploy'd in Ipinning for the King and Queen. They alio made the Bread us'd at Sacrifices, as alio the Liquor call'd Aca, for the Iiii\a and his Fa- mily to drink oa Felliyals •, and all the Velfels they us'd were either of Silver or (jold. To fay foinething of the Difcovery and Con- quell of this Kingifom, after fome vain Attempts to the Southward from Vanama^ by I'erlbns who met, w'ith nothing but Difcouragements, Franca 1 :l,.irrt.; James dc Abiiagro, and icrdinaiui de L.'ir/iie, in the Year 1534, join'd Partners for this Undertaking. A Ship was bought, in which Piz.arro fail'd to Port I'imiM , near the Line, where he landed his Men in a Country belong- ing to a Cacique, call'd /.'««, or Biri::/uetf, from whom it is fiippjjd h^ Corruption the Spa- niards afterwards gave that Name to all this great .Monarchy. theNatwes here fled before them, and they, after travelling three LXiys with (carce any Provilion, through a rocky 5 iiupeiie- tt.ibie Couiur\, retiirn'd to thtir Ship, and laild ten Leagues farther to i'vrl tammc , lo calld, hecaule iome d\'d there for Hunger. He ci)ntiiiued Ills Dilcover\ with unlpeakable hard- llnps, which, as well as the J/idi:i.:>, dellroy'd many of his Men. A'l.-i.-yo was not idle the T t '. mean \i m m t ;oi T E K V. mun while, lie fitted mit .iiiotber Ship , and fteer'e! the nimeCourli: with riolefsSHffermi',s, at length he met P/tiino and his Men, whom, aftor confultinR together, he left afhore, and reiuni'd to Prtmima for more Men. He came hack with that Reinforcement, and they advanc'd, but with no better Succels than before, for they loft many of their Men, and having proceeded only as far as Tut'ilxz, made their way back again to Pa- M.wiit for Supplies. There the (jovernour rcfus'd to expofe any more Men to be loft 'a the reft had been , whereupon Piz.ar,o went away to Spttm in the Year 1527, where he obtain'd a Grant of the Kmg for carryine on his Dif- covery, and making fuch Conquelts ashelliould think fit, and accordingly be made what Provi- fi'm he could for his Expedition at Sevil, and went over to Nombrc dc Dios, and thence to P.i- tmm.t. In the Year 1^30 he fet out a5;ain for I'erri, Landed his Horle attheBav call'd 6'. /l/.i- teo, and Coarted along with the Ships, plunder- ing an Indiati To\sn call'd Quaquc in the way, where was found a mighty Booty in (iold. Sil- ver, and Emerauids, which he lent back to /'/w/j »ia, and Aiicay.tgua^ to fetch more Men and other Necediiries. This done, and a Ship iiavinc brought him Ibme Supplies from P.niam ;, lie advanc'd lo Pnerto Citjo, and tlieiice went over to the I- lland I'lin/i, where he continued till thefollow- ii'g Year 1571, when two Sliips joui'd him with Supplies. With this Reinforcement he fail'd to Titmhe:., whtre alter feveral Ihiall Encounters with the Natives, Iw founded the Town of S, Michael, the firft in that Kingdom, which ftill continues, tho' a little remov'd from the firft Situation. It happen'd fortunately for the Sp.tnla>ds, that at this ti ae the Kingdom of Pent was divided in ht felf ■, Omtfcar, the elder Brother having been Proclaim'.l /w^j , or KingatOf/ro, tlie Capital City, and v^Mfcw/p/, the younger Brother, I'up- ported by the Army ufurping the liime Dignity in Onito, and overthrowing his Brotliir iii the Country of the P.ilt.n, whereupon he march'd on to^vards ChJco, but ftopp'd at C.ixain.tlct, upon the News of the Spwi.irds being in Tiiw- ha, and lent part of his Forces againli Gu.ifcar, wliich defeatecl him twice, and at laft took him [•'rifoner. PiLarro at this time had but 200 Men with hire, which At.ihualpn undcrftauding, he macie lliglit of fo inconfiderable an Ei, -my, and .ipplied himfelf to fettle his AlFairs at Home. However Vi-:^tirro,m September IJ32, fet out from his new Town of S./Uichael with a Relijiution to proceed tnCixa>/t,ilcA to lee y/f,;««,(/p,/, the whole Force he hid witli him being onl'- 67 Horle, and I iG l-o'it, among all whom there were but 3 or .). Muskets , of which Number 5 Horfemen , and 4 Foot Soldiers with Leave return'd to the Town of S. Alich.icl, About the begiiniingof the Year \'iii.,Pi^arrn came to Ciwim.ilcit, where At,ihu<iipa expefted Inm witli 100)00 Men, refolviiig to deltroyall ihe Spurii.rrJs, whoeiured the Place in good or- der , as knowing the Reception that was de- lign'd tliem. Ata'hu.dpt came into the Market- place with 80CO .\ieii, the reft of his l-orces following, and orticr d them to fie/.e all the Strangers, and ni)t (iirfer one to cfcape, nor (o much iis a Dog. Hereupon Pi^:ino gave rlie Sig- nal for hisMen to fall oii,which they did with fuch furv, th.it the Wwwi nor expeftiin', an Attack, fled with fo much Piecipitation that they tore down one another. Piz-airo himfelf with 15 Men, made up lo the /'/^ii, and took him Prilimer. When he had been fome time confin'd, tho' with civil Ulage, heolfti'd icooo Ingots of Gold, and a great Room full of filver N'cflels for his Ran- fom, which being accepted of, he lent to Cujco and all other Parts to have all that could be found of thofe Metals brought to him with all pofti- ble Expedition. His lorce:^, as was laid before, had taken his Brother f/.v.j/i/r, wlio was brought towards Cax.imalc.i, and by his Order put to Death on the Road. \'aft heaps of Treafure were brought from Culty for the /;/^.i's Ranfome, and at tile fame time the fam(JUf Temple of Pacha- lam.i was llripp'd of all its Wealth, wiiicli a- mounted to 900C0 CiflclLittoi, worth about 8 Shillings each, belides what the Soklieis ftole, and tlie Priefts !iad before conceal'd, thought to be much the greater Q,iaiitity. Now was Pi^arro reniforc'd by his olcl Partner Atnutjixo , who brought him 200 Men. After Iiisarrival,there being repeated Information tliat the Ing.i underhan:! contrive! the Deftruftion of all tlie Sfi.im- iirdi , and no fecurity for lo.fmall a Nim- bcr aguinft the Power ot fo great a Prince, h: was put toDcatii, whicli caus'd an univerfal la- mentation iliroughout all the Kingdom, and Tu- pDp.t, a Son oi Uu.iyn.tctp.i, was chol'en hisSuc- cedbr by con fen t not only of the Natives, hut of Piz..ir)o himfelf, who immediately advanc'd towards Cirfco , and coming to the delicious Val- ley of A'unxa had there feveral Encounters with the I/idi.iru, whom he as often routed with great Slau;ihter,aiid at length arriv'dat C«/to,the C,- nital City of that Empire,where Af.vi^o /»g.j,who had abetter Right to the Crown than the other before-meiuion'cl, being able to make no Oppoii- tion, put himfelf into the Hands of tht: Sp imards, and was coiirteoully receiv'd. Tlie Inhabitants all Hed, letting Fire to tlie City in feveral Place^, whid} the Spmiards put out, and found immenle Treafure in it. After fubduiiig the Country about Cufco , Pi- :^.iyi-a inarch'd into the Plains, and founded the City of Liw.-i, I'lnce the Capital of tliat Empire. The Natives being pretty well brougiit into I'ub- jeftion, there happen'd to be much Variance be- tween Piz.:t>ro and jilm.tpro, who were at firft reconcil'd, the latter going away UiChile. Mim- go Irigit however gave the Spnnuirds much Trou- ble, but he was ftill defeatecl, and all tJiofe Ene- mies drove far olf , and the Country might have been loon (ettled in Peace could the Conquerours have agreed among tlieml'elves \ but the Diffe- rences increafing between the Faiff ions of Almn- gro and Pi:.4no, after long Treaties, and many endeavours of Accommodation, in the Year 1538 they came to a Battel, in which the former was routed, and taken, and fome time after put to Deatli. Next follow'd tlie Rebellion of tlie Pt- zjinocs, which ended in their utter Ruin, but that being foreign from our Purpofe , we mult refer the Reader to fee it in Hineri, J.tmes Fcr- >i.mdei., and others, who have treated of tliofe Wars, whilft we proceed to tliofe Countries that lie next in our Way. CHAP PJ CHAP. XV. Of the unconquerM vaft Provinces comprehended under the Names of CARIBANA, GUIANA, CAYANA, and EL DORADO. T His great Portion of the Continent is fo little known, that to pretend to give a true Dcfcription of it, would be or.iy irtiporin{> upon the Reader, whereas it is t-otde- fiRn'd to inculcate Notions for Truth, but ri- tner to deliver things as really they are,and where not known to relate what has been feen by a- ny who have travell'd thofe I'arts, without ad- ding our own Conceits, or aderting more than is probalile. This Method (hall be here foUow'd, ufing all pofllble Caution to omit nothing mate- rial that has been writ of thefe Parts, without prefuming to determine what is not perfertly come to Knowledge. In general, this Traft of Land borders all Wcflward on the Kingdom of /'««, Northward on Popiiyiw, the new Kingdom of Cranadn^ Ve- wiMcl ', and New /Indalufia, with a confiderable Coaft upv>ii the North Sea-, on the Eaft it has the (lime North Si a, and Braz.iL and on the South the Provinces of I'lii-figiiay, and part of Peru. To aOlgn the Extent of thefe Regions is im* rofiiblc, the inland having Icarce been feen by any ! i:ropr.in.t, and tho' we would fix the Li- mits of Peru on the We(V, yet how far to ex- tend what the Spaniirds have on the North Sea, is uncertain:, the Pa^Y/yz/f/w in 5r<j?.i7 have made very little Progrefs up the Country, and how far the Provinces of Par.igiujy fliould reach, is not afcertain'd. This (ame Ignorance muft fol- low of Courfe, as to the Manners, Cuftoms, Re- ligion, and ('overnment of thofe Nations, and it miift be obferv'd, that thofe (et Limits aiiign'd in Maps to all thcfc Provinces, are Arbitrary and at the Plcafiire ot the Maker ■, as alio that many of the Names i^t Nations we there find, are plac'd alttr the lame manner, or at ! ft by guers,mo(l of them Iiavin;', been only heard ol'„id never (een,and perhaps inany altof!,cther labuloii:, as taken upon Hoar lay fioin hiJ.,Mis \v! o were never rightly iii'deiftooct , or pirliaps knew whit they (aid. i >) pK^i.eed N'iCtluiditally, as has been hitherto I'lime, that is, retiuningfrorn We(t toEa(l, fnice thetc ('uUiitiies are i:ut yet to be regularly de- li nb'i!, wo will iKXt (peak ot tlic mighty River I Ithe All. ;;'y;.'j,orofO'f//..7;.7,\vhich runs through uurn. When the Cummander I>cli:lc.iz.ur, before rr.cnti'.nVi in his proper Place , had lubdu'd the PlOVlIli ^'fi: he met with an Inland In- wlio tuk! him wonderful Stories of the great Plenty of f jold in thole Parts, from which the Spi'iiriiiii !.;ave vhem the Name oi LI Du,ado^ in the Year 15^5. 6 1,-. i'j/u P.^./'ro being afterwards ni.'.cle (joveruour 'it yJHitn by his Brother, letout with tome Men to llnd tliib Gulden Country, ta- king E.'i'iis df ())ri!.:n.i with him for his Lieute- nant. H.ning pafs'd the Mountains y/«/f,t, and heipg 1!) V\aMt of Provilions, a Boat was huilt and <.);i-l!.u:.i tent in it with luine Can«es d<JWii a River the\ found, which prov'd tube this of the Amaz.on!, to gather fome Subfiftence. He run- ning 20 or ij Leagues a Day, with the Violence of tnc Stream, which receiv'd feveral other Ri- vers on both fides, without feeing any Man •, at lAft on the 8th of January 1541. he found a Vil- lage, whofe Inhabitants had abundance of Pro- vifions, and Ornaments of Gold, which he took without any Oppofition. Here, he built another Boat and refolv'd to run down farther. Having finilli'd it in February^ he proceeded 10 Leagues farther, where he had like to be Over-fet by the Rapidity of another River falling in from the South. Then running 200 Leagues farther, they (aw ncitlier Houfe , nor living Creature. After this they cametoa Village^ the C«/y/(f whereof, call'd Aparia, treated and prefented them with Parrots, Partridges and Fifh. Having taken in Provirions,he wen'' on in y4pn/ about 80 Leagues, into other Defart Provinces, where the Banks of the River weie (o fteep that they could not Land. In May they came to the populous Country of Machiporo, and were purfu'd two Days by the Natives, till they came to a Village ftor'd with Provifions, which they enter'd without Oppofi- tion, the Inhabitants being fled , and here they found by their reckoning, that they had run 340 Leagues from Aparia. Proceeding thence, they found the Country pleafant and plentiful, abun- dance of Canoes following them full of Indians, and thus they held on 100 Leagues, which brought them to the Country of another Cacique call'd Pan- nana., where they liad a good Reception and (;\w many Sheep uf flich as are in Peru. In the next Province tliey were oppos'd and took Provifions by Force. Below this they met a River coming down on the left , which they call'd ^10 Negro, or the Black River, becaufe the Water of it dif- colour'd that they were or, for 20 Leagues. Ha- ving palVd by feveral Provinces and Villages they came to the Country of the yimaz.om, as they were told. Below this a Woman told them, that up the Country there were Men, like them, by which they guefs'd that fome Spaniards had oeen that Way. On the 2jth of June they faw many Villages on the Left-hand Bank , but could no: Land ny Realon of the Current. To pafs by many more Repetitions of this lbrt,they faw fome fight- ing Women among the Men, which was the Oc- calion of calling this the River of the Jmai.ons, and at laft came out into the Sea, on the 26th of Augiift i54i,whencc they coafted along the Gulph of Paria, and to the Coall of Ciibagna, and were thence tran("ported to Spain. By their reckoning they made Account that they had run upon that River about 1800 Leagues. OtclLina going into 6/);3;>/ obtain'd a Grant from the Emperour Cuurks the 5th for farther Difco- vering upon that River, and let out with three Ships tor that Purpole , one of them he loft at Sea, and with the other two enter'd the River, T t t X up !*■ 1 itef m ' ill I til ' It i i' ;04. CJRrB/INA up wliiili he fail'd ico f oigues in th.-n, and rnmv more in Bn/,ts, hilt li.K IjI'c nii cx.irt .•uCMiiit.if tliac Countrv, tliatm:iv be a Iielp tdCiengr.iplT,-.: TI'iK miitli we Itivc in f/mcr.i^ atu! ^cofit in- fiivins us tli.ir in the Yiar 1560, I'ttcr dc (hjii.i r.aipc down the Riv*-.|- X«/at, 4 or sco 1 eiit?,ufi>i from6«.;//wn in Tn/^, and f.II into the River of y1witt.iiiSf about ;oo Leaiiiiis from it*; Source, but was himfclf Kdl"d by the Way, his Oimpanions jiroleciited the \'ova,',c to the Sea, and we have no- tliitu', more of thorn worih relatiiu'. Nut to be tcdions m diefe Untwrtaifities, .'Vu/- I'aii, wlio has tollefkd all that can lie faid of t!a>. River and tl:e Ccanitrv about it ■-, finds it niu'i ai)ove 8co Leaftius, wiilioiit inciiidinj the V\'iiid- injis, whidi are iiuuh more as has been feeii above. Abuiida^'ct ut otlier Rivers are fwalhw'd up by_ it on botli fides, fomc of whicli have a ('"'hmII- of 2, 3, or 4C0 leagues. The I'euple inhabitiiit; aloiift it are infinite, neither f > Kai barons as ihole of /?--,/i(7, nor fo I'l.Iite as thole of Poh. They donotiat Man's Milb, but have abundaialy lo fubfift on of Game, fiih, ("irain and Iruit, and worfli'^ Idols, without troubling tJiciuielves with minh CiremoiK". The K'.'.vr, he fays, fprinfjs at tlic foot of ilic Moaiitaiiis f! or 10 leap^nesfrom ^'/f', and runs to the Eali ward ■■, both the Soiirre and the Mouili being near the FqniiiotfUal, Tlie Breadth of its Miiiult is varioully r.-prcfeiitcd, foaie allowing it 50, others 40, and others but 25 Lcai;iits. In tjie Year 1635, two Religious Men, with only five or fix .Soldiers, ventur'd down this valt River and arriv'd {.\f{: a: Par.t in limzjl., where tbcy ^avean Account of tlieir Expedition to Pe- til Tcxdi-.i, tile GoTernoiir there. 7tAv//<; fitted out 47 Harks, aboard whichhe put 70 P(i>inf^ucjc.i, with 1200 luims weJISkill'd at their Arms, and Sec Servants and Women and let out in Othbtr 1637, ran up the River and arriv'd liife in Peru. Wlkii k.iviiii^his People liLhind, he went liiinfelf with a tuv to (Julio, and reported wiiat lie liad de.ne in ^(;::ci!.bci- 1658. The (\iunt dc Cintxiio:, then \ iceroy of Per::, order'd him tobefurnilli'tl vMthall Neceifaries, and E Chri/f:ip!jir dc Aciiinui a j(f::'.i , With Ills Companion , to go down the River with Icxcir.t and carry an Account to >p.j(//, wliidi he did in the Year 1640, publilliiiiii his Re- lation, as we now have it. llence it is we have more Light than from all tliat was done before, and according to tlieir In- formation all tlie Country along that River, tho' 111 t!ie uiidit (.>t tlie Torrid Zone, is temperate. The Fail \\.'iiius, blowing all the Day, thcNights cqu.d in length to the Days, the Annual liumda- iiuiis like tl;wie of the A'/f, and the Multitude <'f Trees relVefliing the Air, andrcndring it de- lightful. '1 ill. lioiity there is excellent, they Iiave Ralfaiiis for all iuut'-, all Gram and l-ruit grows in I'lenty and as good as in any other Part of yh/i(,n ly and there is infinite Fifli in the Rivers and I akes. There is val\ Plenty ot excellent Timber lor buiklingol Ships, and noFnd of the f.bony and /Jr./^;/, and lo of Cacao, Tabacco, Sugai, Cuthineleand abundance of (jther Coai iiiodities, belides G<,k! and Silver. The Naviga- tion on the iviver eafy, the Stream carrying \ el- kls down, and the Ealt Wind up it. Along it, and the other Rivers that iall into it, liiey reckon 'd i50leveral Nations, popiiloib and inhabiting many \ illages^ of which tile l-hmOfiuts ii\l in iiiakiiu'. Cotton Clotlii the Cc'i"lip'jn: ni Eartlien Ware i the Smi>:'< 'n lomerv ■, .jul t'lie Topin.i/diiei nr^ tlie flrongell. Arri/vs and Live Inisarc their Weapons, and theyonlv make War to get Slaves to ferve them, whom they ufe very favourably. The A'l/'U, the ^/i;,»v(/', i\k PtUanhiyo^ tLeTc- //'.•p7/jand tiio Ci^.". .7 ;//'(', Rivers filling into th.it of the Amtioti'., i'.ll rowUjoldeii Sands. Above Cii-ip.uiibe tliere ;;re main Mines in the .VKum- tains of Gold in that of Y.'.jjt.nc, of SiWtr in that of P/'cc-e, of precious Stones in th.it of /'.;■ r.tt^ochc, and of Sn'.phnr in others. The Story «f the Aiiui\.v}is is lound t<J be a fable, a, has been hulled above. Let '.IS go up from this great River to that of (liohpcoy ox P:t>ii^ Of 1^1. 'I'll '■) the Month where- of lies between 8 and 9 fVgices of Nortli Lati- tude, 'fj/iics deO'di.i, a Sp..^iiiird, was the firll that attempted anv Dilcoverv up it in the Year )5:;i, and i^^z marihing aUjng the Bank of it with 200 lo.ii and 40 llorfc lor fiftv D.i\s, with- (•ui meeting vvitli any fuwiiyUid oiil\ a few Filhcr- men, who li„d no Corn, but fed upon Roots , he piocteded up the River :oo Leiigues in all, till ficiametoa great fall, and then leturn'dto lus Ships and to. ")/!.//?/, where he died. llie SpMi.iidf had made other Attempts todif- cou-r farther along tins River, but with little Sncccfs. At length Sir [I'.dur R.de'nh having ta- ken one P(iiiiiy ^ ^p.ifii.iid, vvlkihad been one of thole Adventurers, and being tokl mighty I'hings by him of the Riches of Cifiai/ii, he undertook a \'o\age thither in the Year 1595, and contracT- ing friendlliip with theN.Uives, obtam'd of them (juide.- to conduit him up the River Oiouaio , without the .Mouth c>f whiih there isfucha Mul titude of lllands, tliat it is a Matter of the great eft Dilficiiltv to find the Way througli them. Sir ILiz/nr having got (niideb, found the true Mouth of the River, yet after all iail'd up it but five or fix r)ays,to tite i'lace where the River Giro- 11 falls info is and then retni n'd towards the Sea, promifing the Jadi.ms his friends to be With theni again the next Year. At his coming Home he publilli'd a mighty Account of his Uilcoveries, and the immenie \\'e,dth of thole Countries, tho at the lame Time he knew no more than what fomeof the Natives had told him, nor indeed hid ho been near fo farasO/</t), before fpokcn of. After his Return, in the Year 1596, he fent L:tu-iii.t:e k\y,i:is , with two Ships to the River Oi-of/(,ct<, who indeed f nuid the beft Way into, and Iail'd up it 8 Days, bat finding the Ss.iniiirds had a Settlement there, made all tlie halte home he could, without doing any thing remarkable. Nor was Sir ll'idicr himlelf more fuccefsful in his next and lalt Undertaking, for he never lb much as Landed, or madeanynew Dikovery, but only inceiis'd the Kingof.s/;.(i,.'againH himlelf, and had his Head cut oil fooii alt^r. To leave tliefe ufelefs N'oyages, the Spaniards^ perceiving tliaC other Nations began to attempt lettling on that River , as looking on it as the beil inlet to that Country reputed lo rich in Gold, built thvinielvesa liiiall Town li)ine 1 eagues above the Moutiioftlie River, where it makes a fort of bay, and call'd it S.lhvih.ti^ where they planted Tabacco, and Fraded with other Nations for levetal Years, till that Commerce was Prohi bited. However tiie Town increas'd,a)id is a p.ut i;f the Gov^iiiineni of /vViv Arid^l.'-jii. Wh.it GV /ll AN A ^05 Wliat inure vvc find of this River, is that it comes cliiwn fro'n tltcNew Kini'^dom of Cr,w.i.'U^ or (juvei-imi(.'tu of Pnp.iyin, the Country it runs throii'^h from VVdr to EalV lieiii;; above ;>> lc;uvHs in a dircrt Line, its C')urrc wiWi (lie W'iniliiins, ii'Mli ot NecelVitv be iiiiichinoi'e/ Tlie Kea'.iiii of Skippinc; from the River of the the Ain.ii.o)is tn tliii ol Orotiovi , is biTaiife tiie Countrv lyi"" between them gencrallv bears tlie Names of 6'«/, ;?/.-» aiui Cirih.mit, wliiili fomc tli- jlinftiiilli and will I'u'e Carih.m:: to he that next the Sea, and (inhw.t the Inlanc', but thsle .ire ima- ginary Dillinflionv TIte lent'.th of this Country is above 400 l.ea:.7,iK's, where ll'vcral Kations have cndeavoui'd to cliablilli theinlclves upon themit'jity Hopes of a Ooidcn Tr.ule with the much talk'd of, but never difccvei-'d J)n- irn and Atantii^ wliicluloiibt- kfs have no oilier Hiing, but in Iinaf',inatioii. Sanfon has bell cnllcacd all that thele Adventu- rers af^ree in, touihin^ this Coart, and from him we will deliver as uuich as is reqiiifite. The firft River of any Note South-eaft from Oroimo is that of Lffekebc, whole Source is but a Davs Journey from the great Lake of P.i'ima, and on It there are feveral Catarafts or Falls, which hinder the (ailing up it to difcover the Countrv. Nixt follow the Ilciblce and Corretii:<>^ whole Co'.ir'.'e i= much Ihorter than the lall \ but no lei's interrupted with Falls. The nextisS«/-<- w.^w,wherea Fort was firll erefted by the French^ from whom it was taken by the tngU/h, and from them again by the Dutch, who ftill keep it, with fome Country about it , whicli with foine other fmall Settlemcnts^on the llobicc and hffekebe af- fords them a confiderable Trade of Tabacco and Sugar. The At^irnyii is about 4 or 5 Leagues wide at the Mouth, and the length of its Courfe about 50 or 40 IXiys Journey. The C.iyana has alio its Rife among ilie Mount.iins near the Lake of J'.rii/iii!, and runs about loo Leagues in a clircft I iiie to the Sea, where it forms an lllaiid, on which the t.cci) have lettlcd a Colony, and fome others along the Continent. Apenrjnta, or Cifniivrtc.i has a longer Courfe than iheCay- iiii.i.) lorms a l.itj^e Lake, not tar from its Source, K'.id er.cKifes an llland, where it falls into tiic Sea. IVi.iputo IS little iiilerh)ur to the lalt, and like the reft, has a ^reat 1 ail , or Cataradt about iS or 20 Leagues from the Sea. Along this River there is Tabacco , Su£»ar Canes , Cotton Trees, and feveral forts of wild Be.irts. As for the Temperature of the Air, it is the f.ime ill Ciilan.i, as was faid above of botli fides of the River of the Amai.on!, I'rovifions are ib plehtifnl that they may be had for tittle or no- ihiug. For Game tliey have Deer, Wild Boars, Wild Goats, and all forts of Fowl, not only of thofe known among us, but many others. Nor is there lefs Variety of motl delicious Filh, and fuch Plenty that any Man may take more than will fervc a great Number in a very fmall Time, cfpecially of Tortoifes weighing fome hundred Weights, of which as many may be taken in one Niglit as every one Pleafes. Of Fruit tliere arc infinite forts totally unknown to us, and moft of them pleafant and delicious. Ihe Commodities the Fitropeans carry them are neccfTary Tools, as Hatchets, Hoes, Shovels, Knives, ScifTors, Saws, Hooks, Nauls, C?-f ^ or Curiofities, as LookingGlafTes , Bells, Rings, Glai's Beads, Bits of Chryftal, Pendants for their Ears, Trumpets, Needles, Pins aiul all forts of Toys, worth little here, in return whereof, wc bring home an incredible Qiiantity of Cotton, Haminacks made of the fame, which are fold in the Iflands f-ir 3 or 4 hundred Weight of Ta- bacco. Here is alfo Ebony , red and white San- ders, Indigo. Brazil Wood, Balfam, Sarfaparilla, Jalap , Turbith , Guaiacuin, feveral forts of Gums, Turky-flones, Emerauds, Deers, Tigres and Foxes Skins, Musk taken from the Alliga- tors, and Monkeys. Nothing of the Inland can be faid with any Certainty, but there the imaginary Dorado and Matioa, lo long foug,ht after are p'ac'd. The Lake Pan/n.i above mention'd is as little known , as thofe Places, but fuppos'd to be of a vaft Extent, the only Account there is of it being from the Natives, who reprefent things as they pleafe-, for 1 do not find any l.uropcatis that have been at it. Thefe People are faid to praftife a fingular Cu- l\oin, which is, that on their Feftival they anoint their Bodies all over with Oyl, or the moft pre- cious Ballam , and then ftrow all over that the tineil of Gold Duft , as thick as it can lie ^ fo that they are all over man entire Cafe of Gold. We will not pretend to any farther Account of the Inland, which is altogether unknown, but proceed in Order, m i \m CHAP. it % ^o6 CHAP. XVI. Of BRAZIL. THIS is the only Part f)M'«'>";", b«l""R- ina to the Crown of PortiigaL and of a confiderable Extent, the Q.aft of it run- nin>'almoft i coo Leagues, not in one Line, hut firfr ft and Weft, and then North and Soutl,, tic whole lyi'^g between One and 25 Degrees ol S mth .at. ud., which will amount to near 500 1 eaR ics froui Korth to South :, but then up the In- fand they have gone a very little Way, fo tha KhUonly a long Skirt upon the Sea, whilft all"t!ic Mediterranean l>ar: remains unronqucrd "'^k'K'Sea wall.es the North, Raft, and put of the South fides of it, the reft of the Sou- 1^^ r,i f.do and I'art of the Weftern borders upon 1 e luie Wro.incesof P,.,.-^«y, th^" rem. nun!- Part on the Weil reaches out to other Provinces h.theno unknown. It comme.ices at the Mouth of 1 e k-reat River of the .4/;;., v..., whe.ice it run* o .t Eaftward near 500 Leu^ucs, and tlure turns away to the South about the fame Length, till it comes to )oyn ihc Sp.wif/j Province of Oii.iy- r.i, from which it is parted by the River dpiburi^ two Leat^ues from the City of 5. 1'mcoit. Thii> we find it lies all under the Torrid Zone, except only fome very fmall Part in the South, whicit reaches but a few Leai;ues beyond it. it is true, the PortUyucj'is would extend their Right as far as the Moutli of the River of Plate Southward, ...id quite to the Mou.itains_ of rmi Weftward \ but thofe are only I'reteiilions, for they have never been podefs'd of any thing far- ther cither V\ay, than what has been above_ let down in dcneral, and lliall be hereafter ipfcijv'd, when we come to the Particular Subdivilions. Hirref.i tells us this Country was firft dtltovcr'd by ri/irti.t l.i:::z. I'ij:..!)!!, and after him [r^ j.i/i.e.i iif Lf/)e in the Year 1500, both of them .>/;//V()a';, and in the Service of the Crown of >>..- V. How- ever t! c f'/^ ;/;.;■/ .-/f' ciaiiii the iirii r)iUovery ot 1-, "B RA Zl L. %07 IL 1 lis / 1 cngth, of Ciii.iy- '.;pibi)>ii Thii> except wliicli nd their of Plate s of Pmi ons, for huin far lluiVC ict tlK-cifv'd, iilVlflOIlS. hUover'd liy j.iii.es I;, llmv- overy ot it, allcd^hig, that Pefir ^lu/trttCihrJ failing ton Shirt, or u Oimt wr.ipp'd about them, and from Z,i:/")w, with ij Ships, for the t<ilt-lndnt ("'meof the Chiefellhenin tohe proiidof Tloathi. in the Year 1500, washy a Storm raft upon an '^^' "''' '' " - '•- ■■• ^ ■ < - ' - >-- unknown Coni:trv i" 10 Degrees of Sonth Lati- tude, wliere lie law a Tawny People witli lank Hair and flat faces, who fled at the li^jhtofthein, and beiuK Ipnkcn to at a Dillance in leveral Lan- giiap;es, nncicrftixid none of tliem, liencc r.iir.i/ palVd on and anchor'd in a Port he call'd Sti<,mo or Safe, becaufe it prov'd fo to liiiti, where lie let up an Altar, had Mafs faid and a Sermon preach'd, the Heathens being prefent with wonderful At- tention. That Admiral fent back one of his Ships to t'.ive liis Kinjjan Account of his Difrovery and ercihng a Carols on a great Tree, call'd the Coun- try .S<jnf,j f.Vwi, or the Holy Crofs. He alfoleft two r^rtuguifti there, to learn the I aiifiuaf'.e and enquire into the Culloms of the People and Pro- duct of the 1 and. 1 lie Name of i\;>;/.; C, m. was afterwards chanty 'd into that iA'Jiiaul, from the abundance of that lort of Wood found there j as may be leen in Lm,mml dc Eiri.iy Suiifi and all other rartiuuiejc Authuii who treat of this Country. Niciihof who rcfided here fnme Years with the Dutch, and one of the laft who has writ a the Country, fpeaks thusof it. y^n'a'/ is excellently qualify 'd for the producini^of all Things, which are generally found m the il'cfi-lndtcs about the fame Climate •, but no Mines of Gold, or Silver worth taking notice of have been yet found, and Sugar is the Principal Commodity. He highly extoli the Convenicncy of its Situation and many Rivers and Harbours proper for Trade and Ship- ping. Befides, he fays it enjoys a very whole- fom Climate •, for tiio' lying betwixt the Equiiio- ftial and the Tropick o( C.ipricorn , and coiife- quently fnhkft to burning Heats, yet they are allay'd b' .k Kail Winds off the Sea, not inter- rupted I Mountains or HIands, which is the Reafon the lame Ditlempers are rarely to be met with, wliich frequently reign in Ann^oLi, Ciimca, . "1 other Place' , where the Eaft \Vinds cannot ail'ord the fame Advantage, The Plague is a Thing unknown in liy>tz.il ■, but they are not free from continual Putrid Fevers, caus'd by the hot and moilt Air and exceilive life of Fruit. Tlius far he agrees well enough with all others, but befides the Sugar we muft obferve, that the next great Commixtity isTabacco, which is very iiroiig, iind inleriour to none for Gotxlnefs if kept nil i.id enough. Cotton docs not prove fo well, ttio it gH)Ws in Itvera! I'arts, ■^ct not fo as to make any confiderable Trade, for other Goods is fcmetimes Amber- grecce found, but inc The Wife follows the Husband wlierduever he ftoes, iho' it be to the Wars. 1 k c.irries nothing but his Arms, and llie is loaded witli a Basket aC her Hack and another on her Head, conr.iinmg.ill the Houlliold-ftulf-, and perhaps a Child hang- ing in a piece of Callico over her Shoulder ■, be- fides all whicit, llie often carries a Parrot or an Ape in one Hand , and leads a Dog in a ftrinn, Travellinji they lie in th open Fields, on thcic Hammocl<s, hanging at Trees or Stakes. Their Dwellings are fmall Villages, ronfifting of Huts, made of Stakes and Palm Tree Leave«« or fuch like Covering, All the Houlhold-lhiff confills in Hammocks made of Cotton Network to lie 111, Cups and Dillies all made of Calaballie* cut in the inicldle, painted red without ;uid black within ■, tlu- biggelt of which will hold ^Oor ;J_ Qiiarti. Tlie poorer Ibrt have Knives made of Stone, or of Cane, which was all they had before the riritig'itjis came among them:, now the rich ones buy of them. 1-ielides which they have fevc- ral forts of Baskets for divers Ufes. Their ge- neral Food is Flour made of M.itniioka Root, and the Helli of all Ikaftsand Birds •, .is alio Filh, boild or roarted, but half raw. Vox Spooiij they commonly make Ufe of Oyfter iliclls. The Ge- neral Drink ib Water, befid s which they fome- times make a Liquor with Biack SujP.ir and W.i- ter, which they will lit Drinking whole Days, and .iddnia to it fomc jik.ijH Leaves, it grows heady. They alfo pref» i, Liquor from tht yikajii Fruit, with which they will be very drunk, both Men and Women, ilie fame tlicydo with oth>-r torts of Drink mude of leveral Roots, all which they will drink to great Excels . and be very FroUickfomc, and Dance for whole Days ti.v- getner. Nor are they lefs fond of Brand v> which they fwallow very greedily, and fmoke Tabacco in great Quantities. As for any Thing of Religion, they have but little Notion of it i yet they arc not void of fome Idea of a God , whom they call Tiib.t^ fi^- nifying, a molt excellent Being, Therefore they call the Thunder TubiikufiMiy^.i, a iioil'e made by the Sovereign EfTcncc, So much Knowledge they have of Heaven and Hell , as to believe the SouU do not die with the Bodies, but arc either lent iiito Manlions of .Mifery, oj- ellc enjoy much Ple»- fure in Dancing and Singing, in Ibme delightful Fields, behind the Mountains, Thefc Fields they faiilieare enjoy'd by all the brave Men and Wo- men, who have kill d and eaten many of their Enemies •, but iuch as have been idle and done here is li'iiietimes Amber-grecce lound, but mcon ridciable, fome Rozin , and Traiii-Oyl, the ex- Nothing confiderable are tortur'd by their Devil. ■ ■ ■ '' ;et- They have a liirt of Prielts, whole Kulinels it is _.lleiu liainimofCeprt)/iv/,and abundance of Sweet meatf, Hidts, and Ginger, as alio fomc Indigo. ihe Natives are divider' into fevcral Nations, the Chief of them diftinguillAt by the Manies of lub.ihif.b.i, l<ba].irAi, I'ltigii'iya:, and Tapity.u, or Tiipi:yi->i, the tliree firli ufing tiie fame Lan- guage, ard onl\ ditferiiig in Dialert •, but the latter fuhdividcd uito i'eviial Tnbc;, or petty Katiijns, dili'ermg both in Cuftoms and Tongu^'. They are gencralU ufa m;^lcilL- liature, black e^'d, wide mi-uth'd, with black cuvl'd Hair, and a Hat Mole, and commoifiy Faint t'.ieinlelves. 1 he Wo- men generally ot the lamc liic, well limb'd, and not ill katiii'c!. The l\-o|-le up the Inl.uai go llark naked both Sexes ., but ihcfe near the Sea, who have coiivcrs'd withChnftians wear a Cut- to Sacrifice and foretcl Things to come, whom they particularly coiifult upon undertaking a War or Journey, The Dread they have of Spirits is incredible, for loire have dy'd upon the Appre- henlion of Apparitions, Yet all tlie Worlhip tliey pay to tliele Spirits, is endeavouring to appealc them by Prelcnts they tix to stakes drove into the Ground, Some ot them pay a lort of Ado- ration toThniider, and others to leveral Coii- llellatioiis. Among them the Nation call'd I'cti- gitJi.is arc accounttd mighty bonererb, iniomuth that tliey believe they tan bcwictli their Enemie;,, even toDeaili. Some Knovvkdge they Iiavc of a gvT.eral Deluge, by whit'i tlie^ la;,, the whole Kace of Mankind w.is extirpated , except only Qne * Wl) J! m I ': ii: l^t 3 |i w i iV ^o8 T^ R A :^ I L <ine Man and hi^ own SKlcr. b\ wh.iin the World was ai.',ai" I'i'-pei-pk'd. Manv Dilk'inpcrs, niminon in Ein-npc^ are fcarce known ill /?/-..c;/. All their Reim'dics coiifift of Simples , and they laiii2,h ar (Mir Comporuioiis. Bleefliiig is iis'd both by Siiition upon Scarifica- tions, and hv opening a N'ein. When any one falls Sick, tliev all confiilt tojetlier , and every Man declares the Medicine he" knows, ;nid that wliich they approve of is iis'd. If all their Reme- dies prove inetfeaual, they apply the lai>, whicli is km rknii' out the Patient's Brains with their Clubs, whom then they eat as well as their Ene- mies, tiie one for Love, the other out of Hatred. The VVomen are extraordinary fruitful, have yen, eafy labour, and ieldom Milairry ^ hut as loo.i as (ielivtr'd, they get up and i^om;^ to tlie next River without any Help, walii iliemfelves. Then tlie Husband keeps his Hed 24 Hours and is very much made of, as if he l.iy in. Mothers 1 ament tlie Death of their Infants, with Howling and Crying for three or four Days. Tliis mav furHce in general as to the Natives and Produft of the Country out of NIcHhiijf, who therein a- grees very well with all others before him, as he docs in refpeft totlie liviu};, Creatures and growth of the land, for vvhiih Realon we lliall ojutniue to fay fomctliiug of them out of him. Tlie W/.w Salamander, cMW Ockko, is along four-legged Inilrt fo venomous, that the Sting of it is Mortal, unlefs inmediately burnt with a red hot Iron, or cut otf Of Snakes or Serpents there are feveral forts, among which is tlie Rattle-fnake. (ocall'd from the Noij'e it makes with the Fail, like a Rattle. The Gimki/, has a narrow Thro.tt .ind a vail Belly, fometinies ^o Foot long. Tlie ^oicmbi or Lc^n.m is a IbrC of I, and f^rocodile, fetdom exceeding 5 Foot in Length, in the Head whereof there arc certain Stones, reckon'il an in- fallible Remedy for iheCjravel in the Reins.eicher taken inwardl),, the Qiiantity of two Drams at a Tiinc,or worn on lome l*art of the Body, lizards tliere arc infinite Numbers, and lome 4 Foot long ^ iis alio Creatures call'ci a Thoufand and otiicrs an Hundred Legs, both very \enomous. Scorpions are no lels lre(iuent, and Come grow to 5 Foot in len^ith, but their fting not fo pelfiferouj as thole od-.iirnpe. I'ifmires are fo prodigiouliy numerous, that the Vortuguelcs therefJire call them Kings of /<)'<«;/,and they devour all that lies in their Way. For Bcalh the Kitjiidn, or Porcupine, is as big as aiiApe,witlioutauv Iiair,but with ilrongQinlls 'ara. SP.ir.t. X.Co»!?l!Ot.1, < S. Andre n\ igo. -Nuiraiihao. Siava. ^f'r'r (.C. Corjo. R^oGraiulc. i Natal, olosRe^cs. I'aruba. \p,ir,>lbj. iV. Svnhora d.i C\i>iccii.iinfix Itain.rica. < licimiiric L() 0)1, 111:1. JOUiida. Gnru^u Arraci]e. >'. AiigHtl. ftickmg tliick nron th.- '?.wt^, \\W\ it ran darr (Kit v.iien vex'cl. Tlie .Wi, orla/\ r.ail Is about the bignel'sof a fmaU Fox, the Head ri-und, the Iiind legs mm h longer than t!ie fore, a .d has the Name from its llovv Pace, fo'' it will fcarce move a Stones throw in 15 Days. The Pifnire luiter, lb call'd, hecaufe it feeds on tliol'e Creatures, has a Bodv bke a l-iear, but longer and a longTail, as is the Snout and t;.e Tongue, which it lavsouc and with it Icoups up th.' Pifinires. The Afmt- dillo^ or Beall in Armour, has a I lead like a Swine, and is about the llcne Bignel's, all over cover'd with Scales like .Armour. There IS no lefs Variety of ftrange Birds j the Tniikaii^ or large Bill, is about the bignel's of a Wood Pigeon,' and 1") call'd, becaufe the Beak is prodigious large and a Span 1 mg, yellow with- out and red within , but very thui and light. TiieC!,ia/ is like our Stork, but of molV curious \ anety of Colours. The ,7 . ■*'•"«■(//■.; (,7, or B.ini Ijird, has no Tongue, but a Bill of a wonderful length, turning up like a Bow towards the F.nd, and is of i!ie Signefsof a Stork. There is a fiiiall Hirdnobigger than tlie Joint of a Finger, which yet makes a great Noife, and is eafily taken oiV the Flowers o\\ which it feeds. The leathers of ic are changeable, for as vou turn them, they dill appear of a ditfcrent Colour. Befides tliefe, there are many dtlier ibrts too tedious to treat of, and an infinite Number of Parrot'. To fpeak of the fundry forts of Filh would riuch exceed the Bounds of this Work, and no Id's the great N'aruty of Fruitsand Plants, more pro- per for a Natural Hiftory- On the North-well Coalhif Hr.rJ.I there are very confiderable Salt- l^its, lu teveral places, where the Salt is made in ■>, or 4 \\'eeks, oul\ by letting the Sea into them, by the Heat vif the Sun, without any other Inda- llry, and tiierefore require very few Hands to manage tliein, tlio' they will yield Kvaie Hioufaud Tuns of Salt, to I'erve all the Country, lu all that has been laid, we have not onlv foUow'd NnaUof^ but coiiipar'd linn with Loy, Iheiit, Kmvcij and all t!ie Aiiiient and Modern Portiif^ncleWntcfi. It is Time to come to the D'' ilion of Jlr.iLd into its leveral fmall t.'iovernments, which the Ponugnc- Jet cMC: ip!t.i>il,i.<, that is Captainlhips-, becaufe each under a particular Commander, they being 14 in Number, vvhicli begin at the Wetl , and run along the Coaft Eailvvard, and then to the South, with the ronu^iujc Towns 111 them. Seregipe. Bahia de todos os Santo,. llheos. Porto jeguio. Efpiritii Santo. Rio de Janeiro. S. N'iceiite. ^Sercglpc del Rey, {.S'. S.dv.tdor. rUU l^elh,, {llheos. {Porto Segitro. Santa Cruz.. < rfpiritu S.inht. 5->>'. Seb.i/H.w. \A/i,ii:id<is Keys. X f I cent c. J A. t I cent Sm:us, S. Pa.h. S. Felipe. T!-,C "BRAZIL. ?09 The Ciptainfliip of Para, BoiiiKled on the Weft by a large Bay the Sea !iuikcs before the Mouth of the River of the A- liijzoiisy oil the North by the Ocean, ^n the Eaft borders on ilieCaptainlliip u( Smrit, and on the South is llmt in by tlie unconquer'd Natives, Ci'.UV. Toiiphi:. ibef. The rorti<e,iieJc Town or tc)rt bears t!ie fame Name, in whicli there is nothing rcmarkahli-, liut tliat it is ftated on a Rork riling 5 or 6 Fatliom above the Plain. Next 'he River it iias no other Fortification but Ga- bions, between which there are many Pieces of Cannon. On tlie other fides it is enclos'd by a Stone Wall two IV.lhoni hi ji, with a dry Ditch about if. About 300 I'ornigi/tjes inhabit it, whole Employment is Planting of Tabaccii, and Sugar Canes, and gathering Tome Cotton, which grows wild. The River running by it is almolt two leagues over in that i^lace, having about 15 Fa- thom Water in the Chatuiel, and 10 dole by the Fort. To the Sontli eaft of this Fort, near the bottom of tile Bay abovemention'd, is another fmall Fort cairdCt7;;«.(/f.f,\vhich ferves to check the faWage Natives, and cover the PoniigueJ'c Plan- tations. Of late Years the Portitgucjes have from this Captainlliip paU'd beyond the Mouth of the River of the Aiii.iz.oru, and made twolmallSet- tlements, which tliey call Cjnip.i, and tfltiro, and anotlier in an llland among the Mouths of of the iiiine River, wiiich tlicy name Cigcmnni. The Captainlliip of Maranhao FolKnvs next to tliat of P.ira, wliicli bounds it on the Weft, as does tlie Ocean on the North, Siara u\\ the Eaft, and the Country, not yet fub- dued, on the South. Ihe ^'reateft length of it from Eaft to Weft may be ai)out Ho Leagues, and the Breadth from Nortli toSoutli up the Inland inconfiderable, whitli may be obferv'd once for all in fpeaking of the feveral Captainlliips, or (jovernmeiits, f;)r the Pottugitcfes have never been able to penetrate far into the Country. And to fay the Truth, the bell Polfellion tliey have in this Captainlliip is the llland of A't.ir.mh.io, at ilie V'iouth )f the 'liver of tlie fame Name, for m the llland ftand'i tlkir only Town, which is alio call'd like tlie lad llland, and River, or ^.t'>\i>icis o\' Aliy.if^n.if. Befides which theyliave fome fmall Dwellings , the inoft noted whereof MC S. ylfiditiv on the moll Northern Point, and Simti.i/.o on the South. On the Continent oppolitc to the faid liland, and but ? 01 4 Leagues troin it is t!ie Nation the /«(//.iw.' call l.ipuiiyi^ipiref inhabited by the Toii- pithiiiibc!^ wliojiave tiiere 15 (-r lO N'illages. Ad- joining to this is the leriitory call'd Co/zniui, and next tli t of (.'.i^cr.i, all of the fame People, ill both whiili there are above 40 \'illages, and the Soil of them is inucii richer than that of the llland where the I'flXii^^mJa relide. All tlieic are Enemies to the 7i//w;/',fM, their Neigiibours, with whom they u>'d to be, cuntiiuially at \\ ar, and tlierefore agree the better with the l'ortiif>,iicja, who have their I'huit.itions auioi,;', them , anci have deftroy'd the greatelt part ot thein. Tlie hiiicU oiice fettled in this llland, hut were beaten out, and the Duich have made leveral unl'uc- celsiul Attempts towards lolleliiDg ihenle'.ves 'if it. There is no fuch thing as a River A'hr.vihao-) which f jme Creographers lay down in tiieir Maps* if we may believe tne Account of Claude de Jib- bcville, who was there a confiderable time', but three Rivers, the firft call'd the Eafterlieft Moii- »if', whofe wliole Courfe is not above 50 Leagues ; the fecond , 7lifcow5«>w(, of the fame Length, ancf the tiiird Afi.irtj, 4 Leagues over at the Moiitli, which rprings under tlie Tr<ipick, as the Natives fay, and all thefe Jail into the Bay that is be fore the llland Atnimljuo. The Captainlliip of Siara. let us hear Nleuhof concerning it, that we may not be iinpos'd upon by PortiiyjteJ'c Relati- ons, magnifying all their own Affairs to Extra- vagancy. It is of no great Extent, fays he, its whole Compafs being not above 10 or 12 Leagues. The River 5/<ini, which rifes far up in the Con- tinent, difembogues about 7 Leagues and a half to the North of the Bay A/angorypa, under 3 De- grees, and 40 Minutes of South Lititude. The Natives of this Captainlliip are of a large Sta- ture, witii ugly Faces, long Hair, and a fwarthy Skin. They have large holes in their Ears,ftretch'd down to their Shoulders , and fome of them holes in their_ Lips and Nofes, in which they wear Stones for Ornament. The Country pro- duces Sugar Canes, Cryftal, Cotton , Pearls, Salt; and other Commodities. The Inland was in 1636 govern'd by a King of its own , call'd Al^Moi', who was a fort of Tributary to the Poitiigiirja^ who had built a Fort upon the Ri- ver Siiir-j, and made themfelves Mailers of all tlie Sea Coaft about it. In 163S, the Dutch took this Fort from the Portugucj'es, but were lome Years after beaten out again, and the former Conquerours recover'd their Dominion , which we lee was but Ihiall, and juft upon the Sliore j tho' that People would perlwade the World tliat their Comiuefts extend a mighty way up the Land, where in reality, they have nothing. The Captainfliip of Rio Grande. This we lliall alfo take from Nkuhoff, as the laft that has writ of it. The Name is given it from a River fo call'd h^ thz PortHgacfcs, tor among the Natives it is iiam'd Potiei, or Pntingi. Southward it borders on P.trayba, Weft ward on tile Captainlliip of Siara, the North and Eaft are expos'd to the Ocean. It is divided into 4 I'arts, from lo many Rivers that run through them, viz. Cmihao, (Joyaiia, Mitinpobiiy and Po- tegi. The Portiigncfes have never made siiy great matter of this Country , and yet it produces plenty of wild Fowl, and tnoft delicate Filli, Of the latter there is an incredible Quantity in a lake call'd Ciora'nes , and abundance of the Root Al.indiuka, of which they make .\lcal, grows in inoft Parts. KioUramie, the great River, is lb call'd by tiie PortK.iiuJe.t, tiom its bignels, and by the Natives, Pvtigi ; the Moutliof It is in 5 Degrees, 42 Mi- nutes ot South L.uitude, j Leagues from Pun t.i A\^>a, coining from the Well, and falls into llie Sea, 4 Leagues above tlic Fort Jia Reyes, oj tliree Kings, and bears great Ships. Itie Ri- ver Ciii.rj ;o is only Navigable in Barges , and Yatchts, Tlie lott /.e; Rcya is the only one U 11 u tb« it- 1 m \M\ M '11)1 ?I0 S R AZl I. the Portii^iicfe! Iiave iti tliis Cipta.hi/f.ip , under whirl) je tlicTo'.vii, or rather \i!kit/L' of A'.;^;/. The Captahifliip of Parayba, F(>llo\vint^ tliL- fame Nicithuff^ derives its Name from the River Pay.nba, which l;as M'v, com- municated it to t!ie Capital City, Hated upon its Ranks, 5 Lea^nes up from the Sea, and o- therwile call'd A'ad-t Senlm\t d.is AY'jis. This Place has manyftatelv lloufes \vit!i Marhle Pil- lars, the reft hem/, only of Stone. Here is kept the Court "f luciicatnre for tliis Captaiiillini. Within the iN!oiitli of the River F.ir.iyh.i there are ; Vorts, one on the South Point, call'd N. Cithcritic^ defended hy ^ fj,ood IJaftinir;, and a_ Hori.iwork. T!ie llcund uu a linall iilaiicl, oif tlie North Point, and call'd .S". Aiihony, with ilroni^ Walls, and a wet Ditdi. Tlie tliird in anotlier liland higlierupthe River, and call'd Two confiderahle Rivers water and divide this Capt,iinihi|\ vi/. Ptv.iyb.t. and Af'tnio-ipi^ot 5. Ds/ii.'r^'/. Tlie former lies under 6 Di;;rees, ^4 Minutes of Sou;h 1 afitude, 4 l.ea'.',nes N<irili ot Cd'o h'l.i>.'n,\ and dilVliartie-i it lulf hy two Months into the Sea, heint; I'ep.irated by a l.iri^e SaiclHan'h. In Sumuer this River i^ very Ihal- low, hni in Winter Iwell., lo liigl', tliat it often overflows the adjacent Ccantrv, and carries a- way m.i.ny Men and Cattel.Tw<)l.eai;ues Nortli of tlii^ River is a Kay, wliicli alfordsafafe ilation to the lari^elt Ship?, and is call'd Foyto l.iuoi.t. Half a 1 eiii'ie fartlicr North is the River Aton- f^o-ipt^ whicli contrary to all otliers , is lari^er towards it? Source than at its Moiitli. The Natives of P.ir.iybi inhabit about 7 N'il- laj^e., the chiefefr of wliich call'd Pnid.i IJiui^ \\\ t!ie Year 1634, contaiii'd 15CO Inhabitants, the (jtliers Icarce 500 each, and (<inlitlin;; of only 5 or () very loiu; Biiildinj;s, witli a y,reat (i very loiu; irs, but very Biiildiiij^ nianv D'lors, but very fmall. I he thief Commodities of this Captaiiilliip are Sugar, Brazil- wood, Tabacco, Hides, ant! Cotton. Near the Rivcr the Country is low, qiul plain, but not tar from thence rifes by de- grees, and allords an a;;reeable N'ariety of Hills ai;d N alleys. The Hat Country beiuj^ the moll fertile, is dirtiny,uilli'd into feveral Divifuiiis, under as many Names, much fertili/'d by the overHowiii^ of the River, and producing Su,<;ar, Barley, Indi.m V\'heut, Patataes, Anaii.i's, Cacao- Kuts, .Melons, Oranges, Citrons, H.m.m.is^ P.i- k.vii'i, and otlicr Necefl'aries tor Humane Lite. In 1634, the Diitiij poilei's'd themlelve? of tins Country, but were at lalt beaten oat, and con- tinues North to South is aliout z I cagiie?, and tlieCii- cumfereiue 7 •, pleafant and fertile CK>iUi'h, pro- <luciiig I!ra/.ile-v>'ood, Caiao-Nn:_s, Cotton, Su- gar, Melons, &c. Belides Wood tor l-!rmi',,Tiia- her fir Building, and gootl Water- On it, next the Entrance of tlic River is tlie Ponii^urit Town, call'd Noff:! Scnhor.i J 1 Come.':, lo, or Jia- rnarih.:, and over it a fmall Fort, with a Re- doubt at ilie entrance of the Harbour, which is at tlie Soutli Fntiaiice '.<( tlie River formingthe HIand, where Ships drawing 14 or 15 Foot V^'ater, may liifely pal's. Several fmall Rivers ( rol^ tliis Counti'y not \\orth naming , but a League and a half North of the North I-aitrance of li.iii.irik.i is 'he famous Point of L.aud call'd Pania Pcilra. A League firrlier N'ortli is the fmall River (ioy.w^, ill 7 Deg.'ees 46 Minutes Soutli Lati- tude^ and 3 1 ea;;^^e^ up it, is the Lown of the lame Name, in which the Court of liuliratiire for the Captaiiilliip is kept. Tliis Country al- io produce? Br.i7il-\voo;i, (.7ingei, Cotton , and I)hi.:>: Nuts. The People caird_ /'«;,;.•/.?-(,( inhabit here, tlio' tliis w!;i:!e Tract- of Land, as far a<. C.ibn liLiii, 0^ is not very populous, as having only a few \'i|- liges, inh;ibited b'' Natives. But this is to be underlloi^d of Natives who live (iibjeft to the Poriiniiiifcs along the Coall, tor up tlie Coun- try, where they are not fubdued, there are Pei> pie enough. Belides (.I'oy.vi.i , there is another Settlement, call'd C.ipikiribi,%sdi inhabited, and has feveral Sugar Mills belonging to it. T!;e Captair.fliipof Pernambuco eviv lliii.e under ilie Cr<'Wii of J'l Tlic Captaiiilliip of Itamarika Owe? its Name to an Ifland li) call'd, tvmg thcchiefelt Part of its Dillridt, which however e^tendb 35 Leagues along the Sea-Co.-lt on tlie Continent, iiavinj', P.i,:iyj.i on the North, and Pcrii.Di.bia'i on the South , the Ocean w.ilhing It on the Fall, and the \\ ell txtendiiig to the uucontjU-'i'd N.r.ion?. Tlie lliaiid h. 1:1, .ml; parted from ilu' Con- tinent by tlij River oi .x luneName, tlie moll Soathern Part of it lying in 7 Oegices, 58 .M:- im'iej bjutli latitude. Ill: Length ot it from Exteuds above 60 leagues along the Coafl, ha- ving I; '•iLvikaon the North, the Ocean on the Kail, ilie Rivcr of 5. h'r.:;!<is dividing it from Sircinpc on the South, and the uncoiKiuer'd Coun- try on the Well. It is fubdividetl into 1 1 linall Dillrifts, wliicii are, the City of Olind.i, O.ir.i- ;..■•, An--vij\\, Af.nibcLt., .S'. yi,:tlwiiy, Pnynlc.i^ Sciiiiij.t.iii., dnf.'Zllo de ijini^ Porto V.dvo^ the Northern Alv.n.t^ and the Southern Al%'ia \ a- mong all which Olind.i and 0\ir,ii.ii are the chiefell. (Jli/iili \vas()nce the C.ipital Town of this Captaiuiliip, ieated on the Northern Part of it, at a fmall dillance froui the Jyr.uifc^ where wa tlie Harbour. This was a Place of Note, a great Part of the Produrt of North lii\i-^A being tranl'ported from it to Poi-nii\.i!. The belt Part ot it is built upon ieveral H;lls, pret- ty plain on the South fide, extJiiding to the Sea Shore, which has a very white Sand •, and more fjeep and craggy towards the Land, .md Nortli fide. 1 he upper Part has a curious Proi'pei't both to Sea and 1 and, and over the adjacent lll.uuls and N'illages. On the higliell Hill in the Place fl.ni'.is the Convent of the Jejiiirs, very richly endow'd, and maybe fee:i jar at Sea. Not far tiom it is the Monallery of the C.ipiicim, and Hear the Sea another of Dumimcarii ■., belides all whiih there aretwooiher C^hurches of >'. S.ivi- on,; and -V Pcto: The Inhabitants were reckon'd about 2000 belides Clergy-men and Slaves, but the J)i:tcb having formerly dellroy'd it, wliat reuiaiiis i? incouliderable. ;\hout a League froai tlie Cty, near the Water-lide, is a Village, or Shbiirb, wit!i many Warehouies. The Capital iiiw IS caU'd bv the Na:i!e of the Captainlhip T \ BRAZIL wn of this I'artot'it, ,^i', wheic e of Note, )rth £'■-'' tuc-iL riii; Us pi'i-'t- H to tlic Sci aiul mori.' 111(1 Nortli o'.'pa'tboiii lit lll'.iuU n the I'l.uc very nth'v A. Not t,ir piicivi, and bcfitlc^ all of >'. i"'^''- ere veckon'cl slaves, but J It, wliAt ,eai;,ue fm^n \'illai',e, or rlie Capital CaptJiiilliil' of Pcy>j:inibi!co, ^L'ing t!ie fame Town tlie DHtih I iiilt, and call clA/lwr/cc's Town. As may be feeii ill the/''. Editt/it, and CWi's Voyage to C«//i:o. Cm at II is rather a Village tlianaTown, about 5 Leagues from OLrida, on a River of its own Name. MonickA more to the South, about 5 l.eaf!,ues fiorn the jlnacije. S. jimhcny about 7 I eaaups South of ylrr.icije^ near the famous Cape N. yliighflin Tlie City of 5. Afichnel de J'oynL , 10 I ea^nes '^outh f)f ArrMife^ on a River of its own Name, tiiat falls into the Sea on the South fide of Cape .S. y/«/?/«, it was once populous, but mudi (ieray'd. Seriiihuim is a N'llla^e , but a pleafaiit I'lace, and prcciucins?, much Suj;ar. Oo/i- zilo dcV'/i'i is alii) a \'illai|,e 20 Leagues from the A<>.ii'l(, and !i.is 5 Sii;j,ar Mills. I'ortoCil- x/o, ard the Al.ti^o.is are alio N'illages, wherei^f there are two nuire in t\\\t Pahnciru!, ox Falm- Tree W ords, inhabited by Blacks. Tlie yirra- life is by fituation the ilrongelt Place in all Bra- x.il^ and defended by feveral I-orts. Airacij'e in Poitiuyifjf fignifi.'s a Rid^e of Rocks, or of Sund nniiiing in length, fiich as tliere is before a great I'art of the Coall ot B,,iz,:l^ with (bme openings, tliroiigli w!iu h Slnp>, pafs. On a fmail Ifland of Sand, near the rocky Ridge ftands a fmall Town well built, and inh.il'ited, taking its Name from that Ridge, and call'd Arr.icife. Its Situation is in 8 l)egrees-o Miiuitesof Soutli latitude. To the South of the >4'C.u;/i? lies the llland o\' Anthm/y l-^.iz., on wliich the Dutch, when pofilfs'd of that Country, built that they call'd M.utiiic\ Town , abovL-mentioird, witli feveral forts about it, whence tliey were after- wards txpeU'd by the rvrm^iiifcs. The Harbour beiiig the fpacc between the Town of AnMifc and the ncky Ridge, is very fate, but has not above 1 5 or 14 foot Water. Tlie Tc-,.iiof 5. p.tiil the farthcll up tlie Country , is a Place <if D.ligiit, where any Stranger is welcome, and lion meets with arich\\'ile that will keep him at Iiis Eal'e. 0'.itri»i, and Cayl.'. K.ipil'.ii ihi is a River rifing feveral Leagues to the Weiiva d, and then dividing it felf into two Branches, tin one call'd Aifog:id«;, running to tiic South, and the otlicr to the Nortli, under Its firll Name, and lo falls into tlie River B,- )ii'ib.'. Of Salt River, near the llland ot An- ri'iii.y r.K. The whole Province of Pcrn.imbnco abound'; 111 feveral lorts of fruit, and Palhire wliich makes plenty of Cattel, and the lower ijroimd-, near the Rivers, produce much Sugar. DiMMig tlie rainy Seiliin, the Ue.it is more tu- ierable m tli^ D.iy, than the Cold Nights, The Captaiiilliip of Seregipc, Otheiwile call'd C/i *'</, from a finall Lake of that Name in it, extends about 23 Leagues along ilie Sea Coall,tlie River of i'.f^.«;t/j dividingit on I he Nortli from y't)vj.(;/,/';;co,as does Rio Re.d on the Soiitli Irom Puihi.i de todos ut' Siiiitoi, the Ocean be- i\)g on the Lull, and the Country not fubdued on the Well. All tliefe Captainlliips are divided nito fever.il Dillricls, 01 i..:her P.iri'.bes, llie principal Town here i> call d by the fame Name of Soi^.pr, or f'i'i.ide ISo>i S.iuiiJc, leated at tlie C^mHiii-nceof the 4 Rivers, .l/..icji.;, 'hi- I iii.iiiidi., (.'i<;,.iiunt.ibiiridii, and Aht:gn.ibii., on a nfiiig (jiound 4 Leagues from the Sea, which the Ihitdi wheiithert., ioriilRd, but it is an in- I'ailiderahlt Plate. Within ihii CapUinliiip is ?II thj Mountain Tahalmt, whence feveral Samples ot Ore hav..'been taken, whirh have prov'd not worth looking alter. On thc'backof thefe CaptainOiips, that is, to- wards the VVeftward, live the Natives, call'd Ta- piiyers, or T.ipoyers, divided into feveral Nati- ons, under as many Kings of their own. They are taller and Ihonger than the other Br.fjl,.ms, ot a d.trk brown Colour, with black Hair hang- ing over their Slioulders , only the Korebcad lliav'd as far as the Ears, all the refl of their Bodies they keep without Hair, even to their Eye- brows. Their Kings, and great Men lliave their Heads like a Crown, and wear long Nails on their 1 ingeis ;ind Thumbs-, t'le common fort keeping thole of their ThuinSs lliort, as not: permitted to let them grow, becaule long Nails are accounted an Ornament, Both .Men and Women go ftark Naked, the Men only tying up tlieir Privities in a Bag, which yet they arc very cautious of expofing. The Women cover theirs with a bundle of Leaves, or fmall Branch ot a Tree, and the fame over their B.ickfides , bat li) carelclly, that much is expoi'd to \iew. The Men tie Ibme Feathers about their Heads, and h.ive Cloaks of Cotton wove like a Net , Ihick to clofe with Feathers, that they will keep out tlie Rain, and fallen Combs of Ibme Birds to their foreheads with wild Honey. If their Fathers or Mothers die, they pull every Hair out of their Heads, and have Holes in their Ears big enough to thrull a Finger through, in which they wear the Bone of an Ape, or a Stick wrapp'd up in Cotton i and holes in their Lips and Cheeks, in which they wear fine Stones and Sticks in th(ife of their Noftrils. They paint their Bo- dies brown , and i\ick abundance of Feathers on them, and tlieir Shooes are made of the Riiid of a Fruit call'd As,uay. Some of them ufe no Bows or Arrows, but throw their Darts with their Hands, and have Clubs made of hard Wo„d, and make Trumpets of Men's Bones, or of Horns, ■yet are they not lb good Soldiers as the other I}r.iz.dians. They neither Sow nor Plant, but feed upon fuch Roots and Frui' at they find, and the wild Bealls they Kill. Th;v alfo eat Man's Fletli, and if a Woman happens to mifcarry, de- vour the Child immediately. Nor have they a- ny tettled Habitation, but wander about like the Arabs, yet within certain Bounds, for the moft part in Woods, and tliofe who have Bows arc lb expert, that they will (hoot a Bird flying. As loon as a Woman has concciv'd, Ihe abftains from her Husband, and when brought to Bed, cuts the Child's Navtl-rtring with a Shell, which lh« boils with the After-birth, and eats them both. If (lie IS convifled of Adultery , the Husband puts her away, but if taken in the Faft, he may kill both. Of their Religion enough wasfaid in the general Account, and thele People will not hear of any more. They are generally Enemies to the y'o. r»i;H(/fi, and prelerve their Brutal Li' berty. Ihiis tar the Dmcli had once extended their Conquells upon the Poitiiguelcs, who at laft expell'd them , and retover'd their own, and I^'itiibau' was there ui the J '//u7; Service, whom we h.ivc therefore nioiUy tLllow d thus far, as giving the moll exadt modem Account ot thofg Places, and iiiurt have recourfe to others for wlw5 follows, \k .':; U U II 2 Tin 511 BR A Zll. The Captaiiillip nf Pahia cle todos of Santos, Or the Hav of /il'.S:ii>tts^ (i) rall'd frmn a verv I;ns,f Rav the S.-ii makes thi'i'e,ab()iit 2 I lapiicaiid a balfover,iii lufnc riaccs 12, inotlier* ib' Kirhom di-ep, and full of litile Klands, vt-i v pkalaiit, and inxidiicina inurii Cotton. It is divided into fcveral Rianclie?, and inns into the land ahovc 14 leagues, with many fmall Uivtis t'allini; into it, and amoim thcin thii'c n;ore ronlidi-ra- hlc i tlic fivlt (if ihcin nninini; I)v the ("apital Citv caird Pitdir^e^ the next Cierifipc, an.d the third 6'.(c,V/f;Vi;. Tliis Bav opens to t!ic South, and rinis up to tlic Northward, a loni^ lilncl call'd 7 '(f (■'•/(■;.(, iulpinsi to fecuro tlie Mouth of it, on the Point wliereof ft.'i'd, the l^rt nf lS'^ Aiitwy, and the finall l>.\vn tlifv rail /'<//< f'elhii, or the (~)ld Town, within whuli a |-'o!!it of 1 ai'd n'akis ;in Inlet like a half Moon, on whirh rtands the ("apital City S. S.ilv.t/i<i> . This C'.iptainli ip reaches ahout Oo 1 ea^'H-'s aloni', tlie SeaCoiill, and runs np tiie Co'itinent as little as llie rdl, Ix.unded on tl;e Korili ly /^,'ii Kc.t!, p.irtinL', it from Suri^ipr, on t'le Kali: bv tlieUrean, mi the South hy the Caprainlliip of ///^w, and <Mi the V^■eil hy the /luhttn Nations, who litll Hand in defiance of the Payr:ie,::iji.'. U is tlie ruheil, and moft populous of all /''•.'^■'/, and has between 40:'.iid 50 Sugar Mdls about the [i.iy •, belldes tliat, it pnduccs mndi Cotton, and fome Auiber-greece is found along the Co.df. ("<incerninj> the Capital City of >". Sah^dar^ D.tiKplo \-AAi:i:i\t in 13 Degrees of South lati- tude, and belides what has been already faid of the Biiy, lays^tliercare feveral forts about itjOiie whereoflhuids on a Rock in tiie Sea, half a Mile from the Shore , betwixt which and another r:iliV.| the Dutih Fort all Ships mult pals.There is another I-ort <in the H'll where the Town liaiuls.TheC'ify lie makes to contain 2000 Hmiles, 13 Clauihes, Chi'ppelf, Holpitals, and Convents, and one Nuni'ery. I he Governoitrs and Archbilliops Falaces are viry noble StruiTlurcs, but indilTe- rcntly furniib'd\vitln!\ This is the Relklence of abundance o( rich Merchants, wh.> import Svr)'/<, Hays, Hats, Stockiiii^s, Hifcuit, V\heat, Hour, Wine, Oil, Cheele, Salt-Heef, and I'ork, as alio Iron, and I'ewter, I ookin^-^',laires, and Toys, in lieu whereof they export Siu;ar , Ta- hano, Sr.nll, Ur.ixil, and other VV'oods for 1)^- in"„ raw Hides, Tallow, VMiale *.)il, 0>f. The Country about it is flat , neither very hu;!i, nor low, and very frsittul, pr<Hlucini', all thole thnii's we have already mention'd lir:i\.:l af- lords'. !t Will not be amils to add a few Words out (if /'. -lA-'.A';, ill h.is N'oi.at',' to <""/.;:;'', who (peakini' cf ihisC-'itv, and the ('ountry about it, ti'lUus, th.-l-iuniber of Slives kept to vv^rk at the Tabacio and Sup,ar is io !4ieat, tliat tiierc are f>;re Malicis wlvi have no lels than 500, ^v!li.•rein it is to be nnlliiiiuil he was iinpos'cj I'poii by thole bo.i 111 111' I'enple , and their' 1 a- bour fij liard , and SulK'nance _lo linail , that the\ areietkon'd to live Ion;', if th'.y liold out lever Year-.. So ;',icat is ilie Apilic itioii (jf all l*toplt t!ure to tins Trarle, thjt ility take no tare to So'.v, or I'lant, vvliieh uK'k,'-. .dl I'rovili- oiia exieliive dear, the filli, th;) they aijupon I'le Sea, betaulc ihcre are n'jii; to \A'x it, and the TTelli, becaufe t!ir Padure is fo rnrnIT, th ;t the Catlel either d'es by tlie Way, or is meer Skin and Hones wTu'ii it comes to Tmvn. F. JifcnJI.i adds, tliat a Cipucin w!io had relided there i-i Years, alliir'd him that the Natives were very d'lfible, and readily cinluMc'd t!v Ciirillian Reli:;ion , and wlien once converted, continued very zealous and devout, all wliich is direi-tly contrarv to what all others have wiit of the />)-.M /7;.wj, which makes it much to be iiiillrulted , iinlefs we fuppofe louie particular Tribe or Nation of thole People liviiu^ about th;it City, to be lu ini'cli better t!iaii the refl. Tile Captaiiilliip of Illieos, So cairj frnin fever.il Illnids lynii', befurethe Hay, on whifli tlu- i liicf I own of it is lc:ited, follows next to fiilji.t ..';.■ toiJui OS ^.intos, from vhich it IS divided on tlie Nortii by the River Cii:iiii\i, on the !".ili it has t!ie Ocean, on the South tlie ("aptainlliip i.A I'rth Sfriiro, and on the \\\i\ the baibarou^ Nations. The chief l(HTii above mention'd, is in about i^ lX'P,rees, and 41 Mniiites of Soutli 1 atitude, contaiiiiiu; about two Iiundrcd la'nilies, ar.d lias eii;iit Siu;ar Mills belonging to it, the I'roduit whereof, and other Commodities, are lent tu /"'iv/M //.•/• ('to in Harks. Seven I ea^ues from it, up the Country, there is a tweet VVater-Lake, 3 Leagues over every wav, and 15 Fathon deep, out ot whicli runs a River throut;!i fucti a nar- row Clianncl, tliat Imall Boats can (carce get throu;^!! it. In blowint; Weatlier the Waves rife very hifth in tliis lake, which abounds in i',ckkI !ith, cipecially yl/.w.i//.t, fome of them fo bij;as ti) weii;h ten hundred X^'ei^ht. t)ii the back, or Weft ot this Government , and that of Ji.ihi.i, live tirll the Tiipinitu.b.u, then the C.iet.is, and \WTi'pii:.:ti::iii<, which lali: came from the Coail of iii,:,iii,bitio^ and lince them tliere is come a vvorie lort ot People, no Man knows from whence, call'd iiuiymitic:, and rcc- kon'd the moil barbarous of the A('(i.i//.w.r, fn* they eat thjir own ("hildren, and rip up VVo- meii with C:!iild to devour the fa//« , belides they drive FKxks of Men as if they were Cat- tel, to kill and feed on tliem. They are of a (ii- I'.aiitirk Stature, whiter than the other Salvai;cs, and laid to have been cxpeli'd their Native ('ountry by tlieir Fnemies-, wandriug up and down, vvithoutany Uoufes, but lyint; in the o- pcn fields, like Healls ', ufjng ftroiig Hows, and loiifj Arrows, and never ri^htiii;; openly, but lyin.i', in .\inbuli!, ai^d taking \ien by liirprize. Ijy lliel'e means they much diilrels'd the I'mtn- f:i:rjci, and at I. 'ft aimoll deftroy 'd the Town of J!hci)<, till about the Year 15S1, the l\>;tiii^iuUs takiiui f 'ouraue, and receiviiii; Ibiiie Succours, detlroy'd them upon feveral (Jccalions, Io that iliey have lime done hut litile harm. Lmi. Tlie Captiinlliip of Port(i Seguro Retains tliis Maine H;iven it by Peter Jlv.iret. Ctb/ul, tlie firft F>iicovcrer, drove on it by a Storm, as has been laid ;ibove. On the North It b(,rders 011 Iii'<o>\, the Fait is walh'd by the Ocean, the South is divided by the River call'd lUu l)u(c from the Captaiulliip of i-ipiiiin S.nUoy and the Will is tliut in by the barliarous (;'/(.'>• //./(,o, abovc-m.tition'd , »nd the Native ii-pi- with vma of that, unci nol that' Zi WliK htt; ibki Naui Nurt thefe ai.d Imc. M ■ \ It, out ;iile :is ( ( .lOii ihat , ' 1 e (■ i , il., "BRAZIL. ?M lefnre the IS leited, 'u.t, (roiu 1l' llivcv II, 1)11 the ', ;i:'.d on ^,7.«, who extend (lir up the Countrv, ard along t'le Pcirtiic,i((fe Df)minioiis hs far as the Cipt.-.iti- n.il) tit" .S. I'iticcnt^ and arc mortul Encimei to the I'omn'jicjcs. The princii),il, or rather only Town in it hears the I'anic Nam ', inhahited bv nc«r 500 tamilies c.f Portiirutfes, feated on the top of a white Rock, near which tliere is very hij^h I and to tlie Vorthward, plainer to the Southward, and endin'/, in a Hat Strand. In the Town there isalinall C(illed<.ic of Jcf'^rs, who inflruft t!ie Yoiitli, and labour to r(ji!vcrt t!ic Natives. Tins Place, a* \vell as llhcos, was aliriofl ruin'd by the inhu- nunc 6'«.-iyw;(rf.t, wl'o utteily deflroy'd anotlier fortiifiurfc Town, rali'cl S. Antfirc^ fo that at prefent tlicre is only lliis Poito Semro, and a poor Place c.iH'd Sirit.i Criii. Tiie wliole Liveli- hood of tl.cfe Poytueuejcs dcpe;ids on carrying; Provifions to li'li aloi^s; the Coilt, for they a- bonnd in t!itm, but have very little Sugar. TLe D.'iidj^ and others, who of late Years have tcuth'd on this Co;i(}, efpecially towards tlieC-aptainlliip of I-fjiirini S.i>,tn^ fav they have tbinid no I'eople at all, but large Defarts, and impenttrab.le V\ (jods, which lliows, that the Po>- t.npjirfcs for the ir.ofl part alouf, all this vafl Continent, liavc only a little land about their Town'i, tho' tliv-y reprefent it as if all the Co.ift were in their I'ofledion, becaiife thi-y have the few Towns we mention alonj^ it at futhDiflances. 'j.mici'.f, l.'ni, and Smfiri. Tlie Captainfliip of Efpiritu Santo, Joiningon the North to that of Porto ^(giiro, on tlie South to Flo Ac J.wdro^ on the \La{\ l\iiig alouij the Ocean , and on the Welt by the Natives 'hi'Uf'.M^ and Aimtpctaiig.n^ mor- tal Enemies to ilic Portm'jirjts. The (.Illy /•■';; //y/.Wc Town lierc hears the fame Name, is in about 20 Dei^rces of South 1 ati- tude, 60 lea{',nes North from A'-o ilc jmicho, and 50 South from Porto Sif;:iro ; inhabited by about 200 f'amilie'', the Jcjiiits hai'e a Houle Iiere, and there is a finall 1 ort on one fide of it. Tliis ("aptairlbip is reckon 'd the hefl furnilli'd withall lortscif I'roviiioiis of any in Jir,idl,\n\- viiig incredible IMcntv ot i-ilh, and infinite daitie of all lorts in the VVoods and iorefts^ befides that, tlie many Rjvers crolliiiij it every way, under the laud extraordinary fnntkil. Tlie nolle River /'.;;■./)/)..■ divides this Province from that of Kio dc Juiican^ (iiliiiig into the Sea lu 21 i)efirees and a half of South latitude, about wliiih live a I'eople cill'd P.ir.iybcs^ dilFering littie from the other Natives. We mull here < blirvk-, that tliere are ;; Rivers bearing; tliis Name upon tliis lame Courle. The one in the Northeiii P.irt of 7)/.;^// i thi> we here I'peakot tliefecond, laiJ, to come far I'rom the VVellward •■, and the thud between the f.iptainllnp of 5. I'mccit, and ilie River vi Pl^;c. 'liiC Town li.incis on a Bay <,n tlie riiilit fide ..if It, abiuit 3 Leaioies fro, n the main Sea, witli- oat any Wall, or ot!\i Defence-, on the Ealt fide <'f it ;> tile Moraliei\ of .s'. J'ciciuJ, and ■.is (liurtlt, in the midk of it, on the upper '. .io'.;i,d, is t!iat of .S'. Ir.:ri:s, and on the W ell ih.it of the j.)i:iis. '1, he Natives ot i!ii. Spot .lie call'd M.irgoy.ttesy lormerly mortal I:'.iiemies i-i the Poytn^nejis, was thur Collledl.lale^, and little ditferinf, from the reft of the Brnziiinm' They live in 7 or 8 \'illages about the Town, and many of them are become Chriftians. Lcry^ ticrrer.i, and J^irric. The Capt'iinfliip of Rio de Janeiro. So caird frotp the River «f that Name, dif- rover'd by John di SoUs'm the Month of 7 w;.- rt/jS tho' the lrencl\ who once cndeavour'd to fettle tliere under Fil!egi>:on in the Year I555> call'd it G.mdKira. The Mouth of it is 23 De- crees South latitude. The Land of B, ■ uz.il ^ which hitherto from i^/V'6'r.W'Vcruns mofl: to the South\vard, now at Cape .s". Thow.ts, where tills Cjoveniment commences, turns otf, and lies alm..(V Kail and Weil, onlv a little inclining to the South, or between the Northeaft, and South- welt, futhat the North-eall lide of thisCaptain- Ibiplies ro tint of Ifiiiriti/S.-into, the Southeall to the Ocean, the South-well to the Captaiii- lliip of y. rir^'nt, and the North-well to the Barbarians. Tlie Frcrn'j , who, as was laid above , made a Settlement here in TS^^f, beini; beaten out by the Poiij'f^iicjes, thel'e built the Town of >'. 5c- h.ifii.m on a I'mall Bay, wiiich is about 2 Leagues ill from tlie Main Sea, on a plain Spot, encom- pafs'd round with Mountains, to winch there is an eafie Afcent. The Town lies in leni^th the whole extent of the Bay, but hai very little Breadth, without Walls or Ramparts , but has four Forts to fecureitagainll Enemies-, thefirft on the Ealifideof the Bay ^ the fecond,an Illand on tlie WeR fide •, tlie third on a Rock to the South-well j and the fourth on the North-well lide of the Place, whitli is divided into three P.ntsi tlie firll, w'lich may be call'd the up- per, where Hands the bell Church, and the Col- ledge of the JcfHits ., the fecond, the lower in the X'aliey, call'd S. yi/iton/i Ward, and the third upon tiie edge of the Bay liom the Ca- lUe up the I and, to the Monailery of 5. Bi/tc- ditl. The Jifiiits abovemcntion'd, teach Divi- nity, Philofophy, and Latin, and have tlie Charge of nillrucling the Natives , who live by the Town in two great Villages, being about xooo Men, converted by them to Chriilia.iity. There are lome few Sugar Mills belonging to this Place, but the principal Trade of the Inhabitants ij Cotton, Brazil-Wood, and Frovifions, where- of there is great Plenty. The other Town belonging to this Captain- fliip, is call'd j4>igra dos ReytSy about 12 or 13 Leagues Well of /?.•'« dc j.ttivno, as t'igneiredo reprelents it in his Chart, leated on the Continent oppolite to an Illand, they calU'Vi«,Y/( orgreat, and a lefllr, nam'd Ifoi.t. This Colony was Planted much later than the other , and is inconliderable. The ancient Natives were call'd Toupin.iijil'.iy.lts , who have been all dellroy'd, or tied, lor ihofe Judi.ns, laid to inhabit there now, fcem to be a medley of leveral Nations, being no better than Sluves to the Portii^^ujcs. Lcry , Thcvn, and [j.ia. Tlie Captamlliip of S. N'liicent Is tlie tall to the Southward, joining on the Well to the Province of (■,,■.■ .;,/.., belonging to l'.:r.,^iiAy, on the l-.all to v\\c Captainlliip of A'w <U j.,/.eiri>, on the South it has the Ocean, and m ' 1 m (ill! ?'4- "BKA ZIL, oil tl'C North, tlic Inland nnknuwn Nations. Tlk iliief lown lure is c\\\\\ Sonof, Icatcd i/boiit 3 li'a£;iuN from the Se:i , delliidcd by a R unp.irt on the fide next t!ie Uivei', vvhith is tlu-re h.ilf a lemne over, and 5 1-athoin deep. Pelides it has two Ciftles, the one on the *• )iitli fide, and the other in the middle of tlie Town, whicli does not contain above 200 Inhabitants, punPotngiiefe, and part A fe/lizo'i^ or Mimt^rels, one Parilli-Churili, one Monallery of Monks, and a Houfeof tlie Society. The next Town, 3 or 4 I eaftnes South fro.ii tliis, ii S. ruaent, the Place it (tlfwell enough built, but Iias an ill Harbour, and not a- bove an hundred Inhabitants, and ^ or 4 Su-.^ar iMills, but 8 Leai;ues up the Country they have two N'illa^es, call'd I'.i/ijr, and Cr.,'.)w. Kelides there are bmc other inconfiderable Settlements, fiicli as /t.wh.ii/.', Ciri.iiic.i, i\e. Tile little Town of 5. I'. ml lies fome Leagues up the Clountry, leated on an Emineiicy, at the P'lot whereof run tvvo finall Rlver^, tlie oiieco- nmiii from the r-,oith, and t'le other from The W'elf, wliith meeting line, fall into the la- t.ihibl. This Place has not .ibove 100 Houles,oiie Parilii (^liu'cli, two Monaltenes of Bc-teduHncs and (,'.;/■ //;(//n'j-, and afl.'iil'eot the j'-lnin. Tlie chief Reveinic of the Inhabitants proceeds froiii Slieep, and Tillaj',e. The Suiiuier lieat is cool'd by tile Air from tlie Mountains i but in Winter fuinetimes it free/.e--. Tlie Soil \)roduces_ lyiud \V|ieat, itis proper lor feeding; of Cows, lb tliat nothing is wanting but_ Salt, Wine, and Oil. About a 1 caj^ue Nortli from the Town runs the River JiiiJi/^bi, capable of fmall Hark.--, and well I'tor'd with lilii, coming from the iMomitains of I'.r,\ icpiac.ih.i , and running tu the Well- ward. On theabovcfaid Mountains o( P.iY.:>npi.n\ib.!, there are loirie (.jokl jMiiies, whicli at firlt were nu;ht c.i'.iCiderable, i)ut afterwards cams tu th' little or iiotlun;',. Siiuewhicli there is anotlur \'i ill fotuid on tlie Mountains of !Ui' 'fnc-ib.i^ or 'lir.icji.ib.i , about 30 leagues South from tlie Town of .s'. P.iiil , wliereupoii tlie little Town or \'ill,ii;e of .S'. Philip has been built there, aiul now, witliintliefe vcr\ few Years, wehave iiearcl of Gold bro'iiibt to /..jtiw IromtlieNew Mines, fiiice wh.eii it lias been laid, that the Sp hu.irJs^ from the River of Pi itc, h.ive beaten the P(;,7/;- giicj'a oil', and polTelVd tliemfelves of the Place. To the North of this Province live the 7'«/);- >!c.inibds, before (in>ken ot, who arcirreconcile- able Enemies to the Portii^iicfa •, on the adjacent Mountain', and farther off, are the Tupikinfif, ftretchiui; down to the Sea fide, and in Peace with the Porrii:',!icJ:s, i\'.\d to the Southward of tliem are the Cmios, belonging to the Provinces of P^iiigiuy, and ther^f're need no mention here. The jtjuiis 111 their Annual Letters from tliofe Parts, make mention of a lalvaije Nation, they call MiiJ>niiii:i/ws, or /1/">-;;/a;«,'/j, vagrant, fierce, and cruel, whicli have done much Milchief to the PortiigiHJcs. A gre.it part of the Country has been depopulated by the Cruelty and Bafenefs of the Portru,:iefii towards the Natives :; for tho* the Reli.',ious Men ule all their Endeavours to obftrui't the treating of tliofe People barbaroully, or fending them away into Slavery, yet the PortiigMji'i have been lb far Irom being averted from their Inhumanity, that becaule thole Re- ligious Men are conlitled in by the Natives, tliey have often made ule of their Habit to deceive thole Wretches, and by that means drawn them into their Snare. Put we (hall have more oc- calion to Ipeak to tli.- . oiiit in treating of the Provinces P.ii.i.'ii.iy , where they have commit- ted the utmoft IJarharities, as will appear j and thus we dole the Delcnptwn uf Hi\:i.iL v ,f. CHAP. 5»5 ^ CHAP. XIV. Of th<' Provinces of P A R A G U A Y, or the River of P L A T E, in- cluding GllAYRA, PARAGUAY, properly fo call'd, T U- CUMAN, PARANA, URVAIGA, and RIO DELA PLATA. '"X'^l icfc Provinces, fieqiiciitlv caH'ci hv the I j^cdcimI Name o(Para.ii.i\\;[r<: of a v.ifl Ex- -*- r-'iit, as i-eathiiij.', abmit 500 leagues from Isciith to S(Hitb, and near 6r.o from Eaft to \\\{\ in tlie iar;',cll Part, but miuli tefs in o- thcrv, for ihtv llope oiV I'oili Nortbwarii a«tl Southward, \,tt lo, tliat they arc at leaft 200 J c.it;ues over in tlie narrowell Place. The I i- iiiitsofilicin to the North lie along the vetundil- «i.ver'd Midland Nations, almoil at 12 Degrees of South latitude, about the Springs of the Ri- ver of ihc iamc Name-, tholv on the SVmtli lie about j3 Dct;recs of the liirrc laiitiid,;, on the unconquer'd Afagtilanick Land. Weftward they border upon Peru and Chile^ m about 304 De- crees of Longitude, and Eaflward they lie along the Ocean as tar as 377 Degrees of Longitude. Befides the lart;e Provinces contain'd in this immeni'e Trad of Land,a vafl multitude of linli.m Petty Nations may be reckon'd to inhabit it, of which we lliall have occafion to fpeak 111 the par- ticufir Parts. Ihe .Manners and Cullomsof thole feveral People mull therefore be referr'd to the liiine Places, to avoid Repetitions of tlie fame thiiif^s, or giving one imperfeift Account of Coun- tries clilferuig inucli frmn one another. As for I i "til m If! ri \<^^ ?i<5 TAKAGVA^. the IVodiiA, tho' it v.irynot fo much, it will lie IK) lels runvciiicnt to follow the lame Me- thod, only "bfeiviim tliat iioneofthefe Provinces have been yet foimc] to yield any Oold, or Sil- ver, wliiih may in a jjreat meafuie have ob- ftrufted the better Peopinig of it with Spani- ards, thofe precious Metals having drawn the greater Multitude to other Regions, where they abound, atid yet we lliall not fiiid tliefe are well Planted, confideriiig the immenfe Extent. But the mod remarkable thing here, will be to fee a mighty Traft of Land fubdued , and con- verted, without the leaft Force, only by the Preaching vj'." a few MilVioiiers, notwi'hllaiidnij. the incredible Difcourai'/ments from the l'o>tu- p,uefc Inhabitants of Br*dl, whofe luhumanities committed againlt the p(xtr Natives, were Uif- ficient to have given the beft difpos'd Infidels an Averfion to the Name of Chriftianity, and an utter Hatred to »U tmope.wi. But leaving this to its proper Place, let us come to the Di- vifion, where the feveral Provinces, with tlu'ir refpeftive Towns, lie thus. Paraguay^ proper- ly io call'd, Chaqua. TiKuman Rio dela Plata. r j^Utimption. r,/i.i Rica. A/.ir,tci>iif. Areaciit. lUidf Tpitiie. S. /^naiio. iV. S. de la Fe. Xeres, LConcepiion AntigiM, ^S.imiago del F.flcro. Cordova. S. Aiigiie/. F/fno^or NS.deTaleivcrti, [ Salt J, or Leiina. lj»idres, ^ S. Salvador^ or Xtiviii, I Rioja. I Pal II pas. . i Soto. La Pimta. , C. de San Luis. i.Los SlNtOS. Rimios Ayrcs. fSanta Fe, Corrietites, Satita Litifa, Chanas, Paraguay, properly fo call'd, and Chaqua. The inoft Northern of the Provinces contain'd under the general Name of Paraguay, lias on tlie North the Midland Nations not ye: known , on the Eaft Br.iul, Giiayra and Parana , on the South another Part of Parana, Rio de la Plata, and TucMinan, and on the Weft another Part of Diai- vian and Pent. There is noufcertainingits Bounds on the North and Weft, tho' in moft Maps they are let down at Plealure, neither of thole Sides, or the Countries joyning to them JKing known, only about fo tar as has neen difcover'cl by the Spaniards , as is ineiuioii'd in the general Ac- count. All the Inland Country between the River of tlie Anii^oiis and tliat of Parana , being above jcco Leagues is iniiabited by tlie Nation call'd Cuaraiiians , wlio liave extended themlelves be- yond the Parap.ii.iy to the Borders of Peru, whicli makes the whole Province of Paraguay. Yet do not thcle PolTels all that vaft Traftotland, but yieinix'd with very many other lelier Nations, ns CoiKiuerors who have lubdu'd thole Parts, the ■Natives beiii^ I'catter'd among them, wliom they rail Slave;, .iiid have continual Wars wit!i tlum, f.itning the Priloners they take, to lat. Tiiey live 111 Ihitter'd N'illages under (,'anque , cliooiin^ • .9. Jnne. Jtapua. Parana. J Acaray, Jgitarii. Cacapa. Villi. \ 'Ciudad Real, \VdLi Rua. Guaira. Jl.a Concepiwii. ^Canaiiea. Los Anhangcks. '•La liwarnaciiii, CRos Reyes. 1 he Alfiimpiioii, The Conception. Santa Tome. S. NichoLu. Urvaiga. . f- ^^?«^'- '^ > Los Apofloles. Santa Tcrcja. yejiii Maria. 1- S. Joaihin. Santa Anna. S, Salvador. a General for their Wars, being hot the firft Charge, but cowardly when cotil, their Weapons being Clubs and Arrows. Their Houfesare built of Clay, and commonly fo large, that one con- tains the wliole Village. Every one has as many Wives as lie can get, and each Cacique has a Riglit to choofe the handfomeft, whom they often give up to be made Life of by their Followers, or Friends. To turn any Stranger .-ut of Doors, is look'd upon as a heinous Crime. All their Bo- dies are naked, except their Privities cover'd witli Ihort Garments, ma-Je of Shells, or Feathers put together. They fow //vi^f./;/ Wheat, Pompions, Beans and Roots. When any Perfon of Note dies, the Women make horrid Lamentation, llirickin^ and howling, tear ttieir Hair , beat their Fore- heads, lomctiines raft themlelves Headlong from high Places , do many extravagant Artions, lay tlie Carcaftes into great Pots, and, believing tlie S<xils are bury'd with the Bodies, cover the Fa- ces with Concave Dilhcs, that the Souls may nut be ftiHed. Touching Religion they have no particular Worlhip lit t)od, but are addiftcd to Supirlli- tioiis ol VVi/.iirdsand liich linpoftors, giving the greaceft Honour to thole who are molt familiar With the Devil. Tliofe who are tii be initiated in Ma^^irk Arts, Macer.ite tlitir Bodies with Faft- iiujaiid other Aiiftcriti''->,U'ttin)i t.'ieir NaiN groa cular vers I nirig(l< N.lIioDS biting M'loh: Ab,foi:t Ci;iK)iti IVnver ( i.:10olf !ii;u;uliv lame Sp:. gether Civilizci iliev are 1l;e -4C^Le.i!; ^'11(1 JO , f-.'c.'f t! H'rahiiul leveial tl; Sl\;ni.rids 'PJkJGVAr. ?»7 rtlculiu- \ng the aimli.ir .ucd 111 ;VO\V nncl liviiii', alone in a bcaftly Marnev, ; .1 tlicn tlii'ir Wratticc !■■ to cIoMifcliicf. Anotl' ■> (on d' thcin do no Har;n, but onlV) like i>'; f lieatipi; x\ltrolin;cr5,i-.ritiMul to tell f-oituiics id ilv.' like ■■, a\:d otlifi< to lin,fick, fnckirn t':c I'at'cnt to draw out tite Difteinixr. B'-fidi'. tlnfc l-ollics, tl'cv believe in Dreams and inan\ o'.lier Superfli- tions. NoiwitMhmdini', ill! tl'is Hiibatit',, this Nation, is toiind by I" xpencmc, if well tain',br, more apt tliiiiany ot!;cr Nation to embrace ard retain Cbriliianity,ai;d to learn MicliaiiitkTrades and CivMlity. No I'ai t of the new VVui'.d dd fo nnuli de- ceive the Fxpeitation of the //("pffif.v, for Pa- r:if!^u:iy affords no Gold, Silver, or jewels, nor <io_ihey dit', any Iron, tlii>' tlie Couiitrv afoimds in it, li) that the Inhabitants l.:i>e no Uilt/f, Vo- lley , but live b\ esch;uu',ins of Conni t'ditits. li'eiearefcw llaces, wi'iie ihe\ make Wnif, or linv Corn, but th.cv make Bread and Drsik of /in'.ian Wheat. All tlicir ot!ier Daiiitie'. , they (eek by billiiitu, Minitii'^, aiid Sho.itint;-, but have vail Herds of filaik Cattel. lor a luiii; tMneSu- t'.ar and Cotton, both procUic'd in I. 'lall Quanti- ties, were their thicfa' Wealth, till ilie Leaves ot certani Trees , growinii in l^lllll,y Grounds, and timimonly cali'd t!;e fierbof /'.;/-..v;/.'(ij', began to be in F.Heeni. Ti;ele leaves t!if\ dry, and re- dure to line i^owder, tlun ir.ixii;- ir with Water, ilw SiiM'.iiil! iw.di J,„ii.i/u, bot!i M.n and Wtnnen, (irn.kof it iev.ral Tiiresa Day, v\iiich provokes tlitm to \ emit what they liave eaten, and creates M Appetite. They pretend It ha^ many N'irtues, but the iumioderate Ule, caules Drunkenncfsand breeds Dillempers. This is beeomc a principal CAjmmoclity, in all the Countries roundabout- That I'art of /',i;,/i;«.jj', whidilics on the Weft fide of the River P:iragi!:i\, is call d by a Parti- cular Name Chai^ii.j^ and divided by feveral Ri- vers ririi'!; in the Niountains of Pevf^ and run- iiini> dmvn to tliis !;reat River. The misll noted Nations Iiero are the T(/'.'/f ;».■.«, foimerly inha- biting i88 \illages, ilxTuits^/iLitnqMis, yJguu, M'jijbk:^ '"J.ll'.th.ii.uis ^ Ciuyiiii,:!M> , Tonvcit.is, yib.roKc.'j &c. di'Kriiia, more in Langua.'.'.es than C]i;|ioii^. They are lubjjdf to Cniif/nes, whole l\)\ver cxteids not iu'x ond a N'lhige. Every Man oioole«a full for ills Ueity and worliiins it fo re- !ii;iouliv, as rather tu (huve, ilian eat any of the lame Species. TJKle leople tl)c .ff//..V,i drew to- ^etlier into Towns , where they converted and civiliz'd them-, fo that of inoft bloody Infidels, liiev are became a peateaiL- Chrillian I'eonle. Tl-.e Nieiiv^polis ol i.^r.i:,ii.:y is cali'd, the Jf /;/;/P'.' •., f.ated in 25 Dei^rees'of South latitude, ;.foL.ea!V'es from the A'ouih <il the River of Plate, and 40 above th.it of the /' •i'.'.j/.'i/j, on tlie Ealt fi'.lccf th.:t River. The City is Populous, being iiM';ibitul In about 4C0 SpmiJ-ii l-ainilies, belides level al thoiil.inds ,i;(y//to.;, which are the Race of >■/•.,■?/;,,■/ (^- a: id Jf!cii:.7!S , asmaiiv Miilattoesbeiiif; the t)|f-l'piirg of ^p.r,::.:rdi md Blacks, and no kis Number of Na'.ive y'..Y.';.;;^ , infinite Mul- titudes of whom liveni the Coiintry about the i'lace, which is exvraordinavy deli!!,lii!iilai.d I'er- ti. , which occafuns ^^rcat I'kutv ol all lorts I'f i-'rovilions. The Air is tcmi;erate,an'l healthy, and tiie Trees continue ;;vi..-n all th.e Year. Moft of the y^v.ov'c.jw.i jii the Nciglrbonrhood are paf-_ lionatc lovtrs of the Sp,:>i..:i-c:s, aiui fond of .rvnig thein, out of that natural .\tl'e(!r!>'n. And are many of tiicin of the belt l-ainiUes in-Y'.v, wlio fettled here after mofl of the Scum li.id fli'cL'd into (Jtiicr P..1 1, of ^hhc;i:.t, and bei.K; Gentrv, t'.iey knew better hiw t0!;ain t!ie Love of thofe People than oth.rs in oiher Parts. ^The other Sp.mijh Towns in tliis Conntiy, are i'ill.! K:c:ij between ;o and 40 LCigues to thr N' tdieall of the /}tjii//;piinii^ on a littK: River ol no Niite. Next Atar.unpl, :.o 1 .eaj^iies Nortlt- eafl Hill from tlie laft ■, Are.td.i, and A/i ',/;-, ft ill Northward:, Kie/fri Smor.uk l.iFit ini^her the fame wav, b.twixt liie Rivers Pitr.ti^ and Ta- tjiicrij, and Xi/a dcit Eon'a.i, Nortli-welf from thelall, whuh is the fartli.ft the. sp ;//; /,•./.( have any Settlement that Way. But on the Wcfb fide ill tlie ICiver P.ii.if^iiiy, w that part of the Province cali'd (.'h^i^^ua, is theTowii of the Cu«- ccption Oil the Rio rcr/iujo, or Red River, wliicll comirij', Iroiii the Mount.iins of P(,;', falls into the River of PLiic^ a little below the I'.ir.is^u.i). S. I)..\itiiii IS on tile River Lubo^ and tliefeare all the Towns that we know the Spaiiianh have there. The River of /".o-./i;;/.!);, here feveral time's mcn- tion'd, and which gives its Name to i!ie Province, runs 5C0 Leagues from its Source, wiutli is to the Ncntliwards, atnotii', the Nations not well known, receiving liivtral oilier gteat Rivers on both fides, and carrying a Clianncl lit (or Siiips ot Burtileii, before it falls into llie P.iy.ri.!, bv which it is fwallow'd up ^CG Leagues from the Sea, and the Coniunftiuu of thele two miglity River-; makes thatwhich is afterwards e dl'd the River of Pl.in\, of wliicli, and the P.h-.m.i , we lliall Ipeak in their I'laces. It is remarkable in the meetin;', of thele two Rivers, that tho'tl'e^ run in t!ie lame Channel, vet for leveral AUks each prelerves its own Colour, tlie Pii'-.tH.i running clear, and the P.ii-.%ujy troubled. Tucuman On the Eafl, borders upon the Provinces of P.ii\n[itiy, and A'/o .I'c /,( /'/.;.'./, Northi.sard on rt- 'v, and the Province of Ci^iij, Weltward on tile Province of CV/yj, or C,j:!inyto , a depen- dance of G;//f,and Southward tlie Plains that run to the Streiglits of Auii^elLm, cali'd the /I/yc/ Lmiik Country. It is all within the Temperate Southern Zone, a very final! Part ol it reachiu;; tile Torrid, and tliat, contrarv to the Opinioii ot the Ancients, exceliive Cold, as being full of liigh Mountains. Tlie Lengtli of it is about 500 Leagues, the Breadtii varying, as ending iijinewhat like a Cone, and !',cneraily Ipcaking, inhabited by four forts of People. The molt Southern liv'd in tlie Plains, and on craggy Mountains, williout .my Habi- tation, feeding on what they kill'd, and carry'd about Mats to ferve them tor lioules, orT'enls. The Northern liv'd in Marlhes, and led upon mil, both of i!ie;n equally fierce-, the Nor- tiierii the tailed, and the Soutliern the more bru- tal. Oiliersiioru toUarknel's, deiiy'd theml'elves the enjoynieiit ot tlie Air, lying buried molt of their D.iys in Caves uniler ijround. Tlie lali: liv'd 111 fmall \ ill.iges about the Pl.^ms and Moun- tains, beiii)', more civiU/'d by the 'Neighbour- hood ot Pi:n. They are all given to Moth, and value neithir Silver nor Hrais, lonie of whitli llie\ have, for Gold there is none. They make is to be obferv'd, that the>/«"/y/; lnhabit;i its Viiei'l Siieep tocarrv their Burtli-iis,like thol'e b \ X X fort Vi T ARAGV AX f< re Tpokcn of iti Peru, Here arc Lions no hic,- £,cr rl„iii .) Maflilf, but not fo ftrnng, or fierce, without Manes, and only terrible for their roar- InK •, but the Tigers are fiercer than ni any o thiT CdMntrv. The chief Rivers are two, the one fall'cl T)iilcc, or fwi'Ot, and the tAhixSalido, or Salt, from tlie r.ilk' of their VV'aters. Both, tho' in- creas'd bv uiany other, incapable of carrying a- nv but little Boatf, and that not in all Places. Ne\t to thcfc IS CorcarMinl, and fonre others not worth namiiig, whicli are cither I'wallow'd up by tlie F.artli, or lofe themfelves in lakes. Some of thcin petrifie Sticks and Bones , and ranfe great Swellings nnder tlie Chins of Men and Bearts, which are difTolv'd by the Waters of o- ther Rivers. This fcarcitv of Rivers is futtici- entlv macle amends for bv the multitude of Springs I'lilliinp, from the V\'<i(!ds and Mountains, as alio the I akes ui man^ Plains, wliicli was the Rea- fon that m('l1 of the Province was well Peo- pled. That l^arr wliicli lay next to Pern, was fubjert to the l/i.'n , tlie rell to many Ci- ciqua, K'ls dirtincl in Manners tliaii l.anguafies. Thev I'eldom combin'd to repel their Knesnies, wliicli was a great help to the Spitniirds towards fiibduinsiof them. The City ot S.iiiti.igo del Fjhco is the Metro- polis of Tiuiini.tn, and Billiop'sSec, featedon the B^nksof the River call'd Duke, or Sweet, in r.8 Decrees of South Latitude, and inhabited by 500 Spivif/h Families, befides grcjLt Numbers of MtflijLou and Mulattoes. The Country about it is inhabited by many Thou(;u'.d Families of Na- tives, all converted, and becoirtc a very civiliz'd I'eople. 5. Aiich.ielwM the firll Town the Spa- vimAs founded in this Country, 28 Leagues North-weft from 5/i«;'.<i!i», on a Plain at the foot ft hii^h Mountains, well water'd, which renders tbeTerritorry fertile, producing abundance of Wheat, Harlev, and Grafs, lb that there is I'len- t\ of Cattel-, as alio much Cotton, and Hax, and fome \Vine,befides abundance of VVtxxi for all \\\'j%. The Air is reckon 'd the wholfomcrt of ?ny Part of the Province. Cordova, another lar£;eTown, is in 32 Degrees and a half of South latitude, in a temperate, and delightful Climate, with equal Winter and Summer, and all the Ter- ritoV) full of Cattel, great and fmall, by reafon of tlie excellent Pafture ■, and befides Corn, and all other NecelTiries, here are plentiful Salt-Pits. This Place is conveniently fcated, as being in tile Koid from Buenos yi).res to Peru, and there- fire has a cuniiderable Trade. The Inhabitants lire ah'>'.;c jco 5,').wi<i><^^, whole main Bufinel'sis 1 ili;u',f, and making of Cotton Cloth, which they le!l at l''itr,l:. lijreco, or Nuejira Senor:i dc 'I'al.i- iira is to the North of S. Mich.iel,!iolt.i,or Le>- ,n I North ot that, and Xuxui, or S. bidv.tdo)', the molt Northerly of them all, being within a IX'i'.rce of the Tropick. Londres , oir London, uliy to calld I do not find, lies Weft from N. A'f.vnel, Kiuj.i nexttlie Frontiers of Ciiyo^ befides which, there .ire feveral other Places of Ids Note, h.tve nothing remarkable. Ifie Piov ince of Rio dc la Plata Rorders Northward on t!liat of P.ii.igiuy^ pro- perly f) calld, iind Part of Para,i.i ■, Welivvurd >,,\^ i hiH ru/t, on the South it ha-) the A/jf,elliifntk Plains and 011 the Kail V'laica, ,ind tlie Ctean. It lies all along the River of the fimc Name, on both fides of it, and thence has tlie Name, the Extent beiiiii '''^ ''""c ^^^ that of the River, that is zcu Leagues from North to South', but from Eaft to Weft, the greatcll Breadth I'carce exceeds icio leagues-, yet, to fiy the Truth, the 1 iinits of thefe Provntes are not well aiirertain'd, efpecially thole between this and T«f//»;,/w,bccaul'c there are no lioundaries, the Country being all a Plain, without the Icaft Hill, nor fo much as a Tree, Houle, or Hut. The River which gives its Name to this Pro- vince, was by ihe Indiimi i:A\\'d Pariin.t, fignify- ingaSea, for they reckim'd the P.«-.v;,»;ind this all one, but the Sp.mijrdi cM this the River of PI lie, from the Mouth to the Place where the Ptr.nu and the P.irngti.ty meet, the latter where- of has been already Ipoken of, and the other Ihall be in its Place. The Name of the Riyer of Plite was given it on account of a confidera- ble Parcel found by foinc who went very far up it, whicji give thein hopes of rich Mines to be found in the Ncighbourhood,but what they found had been brought from Peru, and all this Coun- try, as has been liiid, produces none. To return to the River o( Plate, it commences, as wasfaid, where the two others join, in 33 Degrees of South latitude, ai 1 runs 200 Leagues to the South, and South-eail , all the way Navigable for the greateft Ships, and full of delightful lllands. The Mouth of it is reckon 'd 60 Leagues wide,tho' it is truelbme allow but 30, which vaft difference pro- ceeds from the taking of it farther up the Land, or out to Sea, for all the lateft Writers do al- low it 60. Several great Rivers fall into it on both fides, and among them, thofe call'd Rio l^er- >nefo, Rio Duke, Rio SjLtdo, Carc.inud, and 0- thers on the Weft, and the mighty one of Z!y- viiici on the Eaft, not to mention uthers of lefs Note. In lliort, this is in all Probability the greateft River in the World, for Breadth, and continued Depth, tho' perhaps that of the yimu- zo>is, or others may equal, or exceed it in length of Courfe. The Natives inhabiting next the Mouth of this River on the South fide, where Buenos Ayres ftands, are call'd ihtirandies , when firft difco- ver'd, they were a wandring Nation, like the A- rabs, often changing their Dwelling-Places, and removing their Huts^ fierce, and Man-eaters, who at firft put the Spaniards to much trouble, and deftroy'd many of them. Above thefe arc the TimbneSf and Circ.ircs, a People then living moil upon Filii, but more peaceable and courteous than the others. The relt were, for the moft part, the O'uarania/ij, before fpoken of in Paraguay, and for thofe on the North lide of the Mouth of the River, they will be mention'd in the Province of Vrvaka, to which they belong. The Produfl is much the fame as is liiid of tiK other Provinces, that is, all forts of European, or Ameriian Fruit, where Planted, and both forts of Wheat, as alio Cotton, and Sugar. But the moft wonderful increafe of this Country con- lifts in Cittelof all Kinds, for here being Plains, as was before hinted, which extend 200 Leagues in leiigi!', and thefe abounding in Pallure, the Beafts brought out of Spam have multiplied to liich a prodigious degree, that they are all in common, and no Man ha. any Property in them, but wholoevcr has occal'ii;!!, takes what he wants. T he HHinber oj' black Cattel is fo great, that they Degn .f'd Bl £'>■' •'( The :/J »ns (ml The ^^l StrictsI .1)1. <, ot tlicii vernoiil deep T] Eeddi, and till! 50CO CI Ipecialll "lit! ihif Ml that! villous \ tioii'il /•; Sepp\ S.i/ii,, I'P the I ^crrii, Hide oil lite to i'.rrM:a\ loDlidei PAKAGVAY, 5«9 iVicloftlic European, Md both u^ar. But jimtry con- ing Fliiins, ,00 Leagues tlure, Uic ulciplictl to are all in tv ill them, ;it hi; wants. great, that they Tliey kill many Thoufands every time Ship"! ro for Sp.tin. only for the Hides, leaving tlie Cwr- lafles to pcdevoiir'd by Birds of Prey, wlicrcof thcTe are no If r> Nnrebers ^ nay, when they h.ive not vent lor the Hides, they kill thirn on- ly for the Toiij^ues. Iholi- who will not be ,11 the trnnhle of catching!; thofe Ikalh, ma\ buy a p,ood fat Cow for twoShiUiniis, or lef-i. The fame is to be nnderftood of I lories, wlildi are no lels nmnerons. and haveno Dwners, but he wlio wants,t;\kcs wliat he likes, a:id breaks it, or may buy one 1 ead\ broke for a I'iere of Eii;ht,and thele not poor Jades, but of tlie true Siuini/f) breed, llroni^.nietilelome, and fervireable KealU, fit for \\'ar,and all other Ules •, and it is certain the Sp.i- iii.iuis here can bi in^ vi"<'"l!orfe nito the field, uf Lidi.tiis well mounted, acionter'd and iliki- rhn'd, as t. ^rff avers to his own Knowledi^e, liiivini', been loni; a Niidioncr in tliole farts. Of i'artridg.is there ure Huh Multitudes, tliat tliey a i.iy fe kill'd witli a Stick, being as tame IS our liens, and as Uu>;e as they. IheirHread 14 made ot the bill V\ heat , antl as wime as Snow, but tlie N.itivcs want Salt. ;\11 the I'nel tliey burn, is of Almond and IVaih Trees, there bcin^', no ether, and whole Woods of llkfe, all 1 l.mted by the 'ihimard:^ who keep thtui np by only puttii'i', ilie Kernel, into tlie Oround, ,11, d tile next Year they bear. 1 lie Kcturn fir / iirofcan G mmodities is im- inenfe, tliey i;ivc a Crown for a twopenny Knife, for a Hat not worth z .<. here, 10 or 12 Crowns i for a Gun of 10 or 1; Shillings, 30 f ^rowii', and lo in Proportion tor other things. Nay they will give two v.o<k1 liorles for a lix- penny Knife, a good C>xe for a few Needles. The Town of t<i:ciios Ayres is fcated in 35 Degrees of South Latitude about 60 Leagues from the iSiouth of the t',reat River, upon a !;eiitl\ riling (.uo'iud, iiealthy, and plcalant, as the Name imports, lor liiuiias Wj^rj, is good Air. The Hollies >nid Chuiches have none but h'.wfS V\ail',tht' former but one Story high.not for wai't of Stone, but of Lime, which they have but lately began to burn, as alio to make Tiles •f'd Bricks. Since when they h.ive built a Stee- ple, ancl intend a Church of tliole Materials. The ''Jtju'.ti aie the .■\rchiiefls, and certain /«■;- nHs feiit (roiiiihe level al Canii ns the V^orklnen. The wi.ole fown conlilts oi two prinripal trots Streets, but it has four Monattenes, u\ t'ximij- (,i?/.i, Vo/,.i/iiC.:/i<, 'lunha, uim, and .7(y/:/V.f, all of them verv poor. Tiie C^iiiUe where the Go- vernour rclVdes, has I'lily N'ud Walls, with a decpTrencli, defended by 9C0 Spniunds. The Ecclefi.iltiral tjoveniirent lonlitts of aBi]hop, and three Canons, wfofe llevenue is not above 50CO Crowns, wlmli is very inconfiderable, e- Iprciallv conlidernig the little • alue of Plate, and ilie great Price of any Kutoihui Commodities ni that Plate, to make amendi for which, Pro- vilioiis are almoll for nothing, as has been men- lion'd already. Moll of this Atct.unt is troin f. .v/i/), who was there in ihe Year i6v7.. Smu.i Ic, the next S;aH:i!> Town, is 80 Leagues np the River tiom lihcuos Jyes , and in about 31 Degrees of South Lativncie, on the lame lide. kcrm.Hi is ne.ir 50 leagues higher in the lati- tude of Z7,<ni the fall fide of the River , oppo- lite to the Place wiiere the P.ir.i?j!.i\ and the l'.!>\in.i meet. S.mt.i l.mit, and Ci.iii.if^ are in- eoididerable \ illiige? between the two lath The Province of Parana Has its Name from tlie great River fi) call'd, which is it< Honndary on the South and Raft, dividing it from the I'rovinccii of linenos yiyrn, Vrvaiv.iy and Cui.iyra-^ on the North it joins the unknown Inland wc call of Braz.il, and on tlie Weft that of P.naa^iiity, tlie extent of it mav be reckon'd 200 I tagiies, which is what is well known,all ahi^ve that not yet con(iuer'd,or conver- ted,thegreatell Breadth being about loo Leagues. The River /'<;>-./w.i runs above 300 leagues be- fore it joins the Piir.ifji 1} ,at which Place,as has been laid, tlie .'>p.W(,f-<Vi have ciiang'd its Name,and from tiieContiux to the Mouth calf it the River oi Plate, The Name ol I'.u.in.t liginties a Sea, given on ac- count of itsgreatnefs, and fometiiiies they call'd it l'M:iii.ip,u.iui, that is, the great Sea. it has the quality of petrifying Wood, as is daily feen, and the Governonr l-erdmavd yirms fet np <i wiKiden Pillar thus turn'd into Stone in the Porch of ins Houle. 1 he Soringsof it are I'carce known, as lying far up in the Inland of />c,;ti7, whence it is South anil South- weft, cutting the I'rovince ot Cii.iyia ill two, and then running between thole of /'.I' ../,'.; and e.Vf,j(t.;, till it loies its Name, as has been laid. In the middle of this River is an Illand i3 Leagues in Compafs,befct with Rocks and Whirl- pools, wliieli render it atmoft macceltible , and was therefore formerly the lortreisofihe Natives againrt the Spaniards. Botli tJie Shores, as well where open, as where wooded, produce a multi- tude of Heaftsand Birds,elpecially Parrots. three times as big as thofe of other Parts, ancl molt beautifully feather'd. Several Nations inhabit along its Banks, dilTering little in any thing but Languages, excepting thofe wlio liv'd upon a cer- tain fot of Earth dried at the Fire, and then dippd in the fat of Vilb, an unaccountable Diet. Yet thefe (everal Nations all agreed in fierccnefs, and oppofing the Sp.ini.iyds, who liiftain'd great Loffes by thein, till they were at lall civilu'd, and brought toSubjcftion, only by the Preaching of the Tf/«)/jand the FrM/nfcMi, who drew them from their falvage way of Iwiiig dilperfed, into Towns, where they all profels Chriftianity, ac- knowledge the King of Spain (ot their Sovereign, and are "exempted from all Duties, or Burtliens, liaving no Sp.intflj GarriCons, nor any other Gover- nours but thofe Religious Men. The Towns built here were 5. j4mie, on the Lake j4ppiipm, It.ipiia on the great River, 60 leagues above its Mouth •, Jcaraiy 60 Leagues higher ■, r^iiaz.n, on the Ealt fide of the tiime River, and upon the River luiiizji. Cut.ipa, and Inti, more remote from the Parana on tlie Welt fide. The Province of Guayra On the North lies along the Inland of ^r.it/7 ^ on the Weft it borders on the Captainlliip of i I'lMon, in the fame Country, and part of the O- rcan, on the South it has the Province of Vir- viii.i, and limie part of P.nana, and on the \Veft_ tlie River I'.iratn parts it from the Province of that fame Name. Its greateft Length from Eall to Well M near 200 Leagues, and the Breadth fioiu North to South may be fet at about 120, there being no certainty in the Northern Li- mits. i ' 'il il ill u XXX2 It« po TJR AGV A% Its Sitiutii n Iiint', mod niitlir tin- Tropid >j(' Cifriroiu, riiKlirs it exridlvc lint iiiid iii(>'it, ,iii(l coiifniiii'iitly viTv friiitdil in IVovifidii'^, .ind no lefs Cubiift to Dilcilts, bciiu' miicli (iitcr I'nr tlic habitiitioil of liiilfts lli.iii Mill, ;inil >ct it w;l^ iiidifTcriMitlv IViiplcd at tlic firll dining dl the 5p.w(V/>v/t, as appears by tlic Kuihj ■.! iiiaiiv \ ilia nes dcllrnv'd by Siikiids, and by tlic niliiiinaiie dnvumawav tlie Natuis by thi.' /'o<//ij((m/<j nt lir.ijl, as wc llall fee 111 its I'laic. Tlie Inlia hitants of twn little Siuwijh TuWiis luTc art the P<ift«rltv<)f I'liiie will) (cttleii litre in the Year 1550. The wliole Natiuii lives iiiirerably, lia viim ni) lireati but what is made oi tlie Kn. it Matiiliuii, nur any i Ulli but iliat of wild Bcalls. Here are many Trees that yield Halfam, and ti'c Woods are full of (irvcial liji tsof l-niitl I'ecs, and anioim thciii aliuiidaiue of Swine, witli a tlimn like a Navel 011 tlieir iiaik^. Wild Kees there areabiiiidante, but their Wax will never be made white, \et the Honey is i;o(k.I. Snakes there are of liiiulry lorts, wliitli do nuitli harm to NUii and IValls, ;ind this (iountry allonis little ell'c reinarkahle. The Uiver P.ii .iii.ip.in runs down into thisCjunitry lioin the Mountains nf iiy:iiil, alnioll as lan;e as tlie P.iiiininy , and fills into the P. ir. 111,1^ alter it lias reieiv'il the Ttbixi'jii, I'ir.ipMi, It.iiniu, and otiier lell'er Streams ■, both Tides of it tover'd with (irveral firts of Trees, of wliiili the Natives value the Cedar* im II, liiine whereof are fo bi^', and t.dl, that there are \ellels made out ol Inu'Je Trunks, wliith carry 20 Oars. Here the, /f//.'/(j built t'.ie Town of 0;/i- l.idy of Lorctto, and 4 Leagues frouiit, tl'.atof S. I^ii.itins, as alio a fourth, call'd Jt.ib.i/.icn, and tlie liidiMK beinj^ tlieii protected from any Dpprellion of the S;.irii.i,iJj ^ in pm- cels of tunc built eleven more. 1 he CroviiKC of llrvaita Has tlie (Jieanon the Eaft, the fame Ocean and River I'f /Vi'f oil tlie South, P.ir.Mj on tUc VVtlK and (11: !y,,t on the North, extending from 25 to ?i Decrees of South Latitude, The leni;th of it Nortli calt and Sotitliwefl, is about 300 J.ea.;u>^si and the Hreadth North-well and South- ealK near 140, where molh Tllie ^nat River Vrvnc.i rifes out of a fuiall Spring on the .N'ountains of Ih.iul, andiuusa ciiiifi'Jeralle \^'ay very little obferv'd, till re- ceiving many other Streams and Rivers, ii Iwells e(\u..! to the Pnaguay, and falls into tht. Kiv,-r ot /'/.(/(', a little above lincnos ylyics. Having; left l<ri:^i!, it p,ive3 a turn, and takes its C^oiirle aliiiolt parallel to xXk I'.tr.w!. V:r.\x Stc iv.s ...^(1 Roi.r,s lying in itatctrt.iin Diftaiites in.ike it iiaapal'le of Ships of Biirt!;en •, but tlic V\ in'er l-l'jods make it Ipread abroad like a Se;i. liT 2. olxajues from the luuree it runs with a niij^lity Noi^c , beiii.;!, llreicilitned by continual riut;i--s'of Rotks, and VVo:)ds, after which having r)aiKl mi;re room, it i^lides ma s;ent!er manner, 'liie vvliolc Courl'e of it 13 abi'''e 4C0 Lea_gues. '•Dic v. ikjcIs abounding 111 Monkeys, Tij^er;, I-arrots, aii(' ir.any t)ther Creatures, diifer little fr.iiii the Nei;j,'H.urint; I'n/vitii .'s, ,uid lormerly the l''aiiis weie lull ol CJllruhcs, Lio;is,and (e- vaal forts of (.joat?,and l)e.r ^ai prelent all that v.tit e\teiu ot l.aiid, 011 b.-.tli lic'esol the River, allure ci-Vcr'd with m inlimte is Kl, of Cows and llnrfej. There were many Nations of barban lis Inhabitants, diftiiip,iiilli d tr<ini one a- iiotlttroiily by dillerent I an>;uai;es-,ainon^ whom the (iiiiii.i/iii/n^ betnrc fpoken of, excell'd the relK botii m Number andaptiicfs tu be civili/'d, and become Chrilliaiis. Hilloviial Account of thcfe ProvincM. The fir ft /■./»'//)(■/« we find tohayebeenin tlicm, was ,-//i ri/<( (/.(i-c/.i, a Puriiriiitfe ^ fent by tlie C'K.veriiour of Kr.tul 111 the Year 1524, to dil- cover i!ie liil.md, witli his Son, threeother Po-t- tit^iHja, and a conliderable lumiber of J/iiIimk^ who travcU'd to the Confines ot PerH^ and t:ia- tlierini', a meat iiii.uiiuy of I'latc, in his return- was kili'd, with mull of Ins Men. Hclore his Death was kiiuivn in /Ir.iiil, dcorge SidcuijoviM lent out with 60 /V/>7.7^/(f/f.(, and niaiiy Jnduins to his Alliitance, all whicli Pv>fii^iitJrj\st:reA\ lo delhoy'd, and only foine of the Jiuii.iiu re tiiru'd to /)'< li;/. Notion^; alter, tliat it, in tlie Year 1526, Se- ll. ijli.iii O.iLor, who had ditiovev'd l-^iifjm.i lor the Kiii^ of Iru'h/iil, beii);'. employ'd by the I'.inpe- roiir Cii.iiLt the l-iflli,c,ime to tlie River i>\ PLiie, firll dilcover'd by ■./.// I)t.:i. ileSo-lr-, 111 the Year 1515, and laylint; up it to the Mouth of the/''<- • ..■;;//i|, run 40 l.eaj.',iiesiiptliat, till he came tu tlie I'lace vsliere W/(.vj(.-j(<.iM.,<, above-tnentuai'd, !iad been kili'd, and there fuind all the I'late ta- ken from the laid (/.(/t;.(, whldi lie fuppoling to be the I'roduiit ol theCountr\, bou;;!it up, bc- 'jcviiij; he had made a rich Diliovery, and there- fore leaving, 120 Men in a Fort he creeled at the Mouth ot the River C.i; i-.i>;i!,ii.i,AhoM 30 Leagues above the I'lace wlicre liiioms A\res iUucIs,* lie hailed into Np (/»;,_ and fpread fudia Tame of the V\eali.!iot that Country , as caus'd the River io be callcl ot / / 7r, and prevail'd with abun- dance ot (leiitry o| ilie bell Families in Sy.i:>/to enter themlelves under P^ier Ac A/oiduz..!, a Man ot the firll equality, appointed by the Kmpcrinir to fettle Colonies there, f > that he had ;2C0 Landmen, i\\\(i(j:iLut coinmanded the fleet. Ahi/ilo:..! it was that firll founded Kncnoi Ay, r>., wiiich his Succtlfor fr.d.i abandon'd to build the City of the AI]ii/.:piio)i.M'ur him the Govcruour Alv^ir A'lmci. C.ilifi.:ide r.ii.t continued the Dif- coveries to the upper Part of Par.inn.iy, and he and his Siucellor rebuilt liucnos yirrcs, and fet- tled all the other Colonies mention'd in the I)e- ■/ription ot the Province , moll of winch was !'ui<ellively fubdu'd by Force of Anns, with great lo!-ot the-Yw/.j;./,', the Natives being nuineroih, I'.^rce, and ubhurniij^ 10 lubmic to a Foreign Yoke. W hilft this Province was fettlin", one C.tf.ir^ a Soldier beloni;nn', to d.ibo'^ 111 the Ye..r 1530, uiidertihjk to find out a. Way from the River of PI Hi Ko Pc-H, wi:!i only three Coaipanioiis^ and was the lirll tl'.at came into the Province ot I'l:- I'VA'.v', whicii he croi's'd over intoC'/j//c, and tience to y.-.v, travellinfj about 2coo Leagues by land. Five Years after, two other SpuiiJ/j Sol- diers, with incredible boldneis, pcrloriu'd the laine Journey th.roi^h 1 miiw.in to Pcy.i, filliug tlu'ir t-Aijntry:iieii witli Hopes of a vail tuipire. y\ccordi'igly u\ i^^o,r',i(..i di (.'ijho, then Vice- roy of yViv/, k'At jo.M dv R'jjii over the Moun- tains ot Pint Willi 200 Spiniurds, and he being kiU'dby the Way, they chok t'r am a McndoT.i P ,1RAGV AT. ?»» i,.«. til ;il)un- S'i>,lill to a Man K\ti ;;co (.-Ct. build the jovcniciiir d tlic Dil- and he md fct- lii tlic !)<;- iich vviij with great luunci'oih, Forcijiii noils, and J he biiiiifi for t! sir rcimmandi-r, \vitli whom thfv irarrhM to ih.- Kivir it f/.i/f, where they inmth'r'd thivr Offcer, and tparrli'd batk the fainc VVav ti'vv rainc. In 15.(9 ''0/7/ AVwrs. Pntda, vith a Companv f>f brave Sfnn/ixii pciti'trated from Pf),/ into till- Heart of 7/iiitfij.w, where he built the T(-wii cf >'. Mchul, rxi t/it Hank«i of the R\- ver IlifiV.:. Ill 15<i% Ir.imit tie //i;/(;>>-< , tvwt cult of Ci.'j/f bv" tlie t'lovertioiir l-'.ddivi't with 2CO Nicii, di (Vruv'd th.' Tnwnof >. A/ich.id, and built tlie Citv <■'( S:!>jn,ira, fince the MettO|iulis 1)1 t!ie I'riiviwe, and a l!ill,cij)% See, on the Ri- v;T Jh'lir, iiiid inzS I\i'.recbi>f South Latitude. Ill 1558, J" )i Ciomez. y^kr it. I cimi; out o( ('liilt v.illi frtdi 1-orre-, aid built the ('itynf London, tiifuih tiie barbarous Natives call'd C.dch.itj nines , lebiiili theTown ot 5. .'l/,(/Mf/,aiid rais'd tlie tort (.t C'Diiov.i, I'liifcfiri.wn to a("itv. He made lb coirp'eat a (roiicjuelt of all tlie ('ouiitrv, tlut lit- tle more had reinaiii'd to do, but that lie was rfUtcd, and lent awav to I cm by (V/fp,.j(>C;- Ji.ifiedii, another Sii.un.ird, wliercupon the Indi- ■in< revolted , and delhoy'd leveral Colonies, whiih io(f iiiudi l>i(H-d to be retlor'd , but at length the /iicceediu^ Cioveniours pacified all a- j;;un, and fix'd the leveral Towns above menti- on d ill the Deliription, whuh reinani to this Dav, .md all the Natives 111 l'ub)e<tion, and con- verted to the Chriilian l-aitli, tlie >'(/'"'' luviii^ dr.iwn them froui liieir barbarous courle of Life t.) live in Towns, and by dejirees pcrfciUy ci- viliy.'d them. As for tlie three Provinces of P.ir.m.i, Ci:.>\r:t, and V>i\i;i;i, they were never any of them con- <\uer'd by lorceot Arms, but the Jifutts undcr- t(X)k the reducing of thole brutal Nations to Chri- rtianity, and Subjeflion to the Crown ut Sp^un. This they perform'd with much Labour, living a- mong thole brutal People to learn their I aii- f.uages, and leeduif, on Inch milerable Diet .is was natural to the Salvages, their Habitations being none but lliitsmade of Mats. Beint; tluis become ari]uainted, they be^an to inllruct them 111 the l-aitli , fliew'd them the Advar.t.iges of a polite, civil Life, and prevail'd upon t'leiu to gather into Towns, where they put themlelves cntncly under the Direction of thole lathers', and tills the mo'e williui^lv, becaule they protected ihem againil any Invalion troin the Sokliers, or Subiei'tioii to the Sp:,:ip Govcruours. Yet the ['■.ifiiultie* to be overtome were immenle, the iVople being naturally lb i'alv.ige, having little Notion of aC,K.J, being addicted to Sorcery, .aid Saperftiiioii, and iniiulging themlelves in all manner of \ ice , and brutal h.itisfidtions, and^ were inhumane ,\ian-eaters. To break them of all tliele horrid Praclices, and iiiilll good Do- ctrine into inch tliiiv.d Creatures, was an iiure- dible labour •, yet Patience, and continual Ap- plicitMii, gave daily greater Hojhs of buecels, moit C'f liiote People taking an Aii'ettion to the ',':fiiir.f^ antl putting tliemii-lves under their Di- r.flion. Ill ihemidrt of this Succel's, the A/.iw.ilnc., as ;;;e i'-iiui^rcjis c.iU tlieiii , to •. ill the (.)di- im of their \ iSlaiiies from their owu Name, be- i.ig worle than tlie molt lalvage indi.u.s, j ut a ,i\Mt llop to theieproiperous tie,u;,iiiiiings , and ii.ight luve quite overthrown all that had been ('1 lie !•>■ their Inliim anities. In lliort, ihele .!/.- . .(/;/cj were 110 otl er thitii the i\.aee 1 1 the hrit I r.iiui-.eft Planieis of B:a-JI^ ^ot upon Jridi:m Women, and with tl'em .Jl the rorni:.i'iits U^'^n all Parts, who lov'd to live unoii Kapinc and \ illanv, lo ihu cill them by wliat Nameli)ever, ihcv wirena'-iral Horn Poii: ,\tiefts, and the Sons of lerh, with anew Name to excufe the Nation. TN.le Milcreaiits gathenni', in gre.it Numbeis, f 1 leveral Years made it their bulinefs t .flly out iipi'ii the Indi.ws about them, who'n they drove awav like Herds of Cattel to Bnt:, where they lold them openly for Sl.ives. The King of Spain fent repeated Orders to punilli them, and prevent the like for the futiue^ but the Fault was not only theirs, for t'lty might have been fooii fupprefs'd, which the (jrovernonrs, nor In- hibitantsof Jii.idl did not care to do, botaufc they were all their own Kindred, and .lifed by ("oimivanie, as lurnilhiii:' them with Slaves at eafie U.ites, which was wriat they wanted. Nor are they any way excufable, fince tliey not on- ly permitted them to go out upon thofe inhu- mane Kxpeditioiis, but receiv'd them again at their Return, and all"w'd the poor \\' retches they hud f .re'd Irom their Beings, to be publick- ly lold ill the Maikets, like Sheep. Thele Mon- gers having made all the Countries near them deiolate, at length broke into the Province of (iu.iy) t, where, as has been fiid, theJc/ivVWiad brought all the Natives into Towns, which they fell upon, and after liutchering fueh as olferVl todelend tiiemfelves, drove away alltherell in- to milerable Captivity , and tho' lome jcpdis follow'd into A'nii./ to demand fnllice of the Governour, it was in vain, for, as has beat laid, they were all conleiitmg, and Partaker'; in tliL' Booty. This gave occaiion to many of liie Na- tives to believe that the Fathers gaiher'd them in- to Lovviis, that they miglit be the better carfy'il away into Captivity, and therefore they conclu- ded it was tiller to live difpers'd in the V\iK)ds. At length one ol their C.iiu;ius, who had been refcued, with a few others, by the Jrprirs that went to lir:ii.d, uiideteiv'd them, and they be- gan to gather attain, Init were not long at Peace, lor the wicked /I/./'« inn retiini'd leveral times, driving awMy MuUitutles, till at lall the Jefiiits were obligd to abaiKUm all the Towns they had lett 111 the upper Country, and retire farther do'vn towards the River P.ir.vi.i. No DiiLince was great enough to p.roteft them againfl thele Devils incarnate, and therefore the jtjiiits, tho' with much DirHculty and Oppolltion, at length prevail'd that the Indi..ns might be Arm'd, alter which they leveral times relblutely enough eiigag'd the ALtin.dun witli vari.'ius for- tune, and .It lalt gave them leveral loiilklerable Deleats, alter \' hich many were cut oO ir. the Woods, which lo diiunted them, that diey ne- ver liiice return'd ^ Ihtwing tiicy were true Villains, mercilels where there is no Dppolltioti, and Ciiwards when any thing wiihlhuiils them. Hitherto wt have in thele Aceounts for the molt part lollow'd /'. dit'ltuw, in ins Hillory of P.t- rii}[,'!.iy^ i\c. only lupply iiig what waswantiiigiii hiin I'Ui ot l.ut, lltiicr.i, and S.injon, belides fome tew things out of t. S(;)",\\ho having writ his Account ol tliol'e Parts, where lie was then Relident in the Year 1O92 , we will from liim add a lliort Relitioiiof the Preleiit State of tiio JndiMs, 111 the Province of 'i'rv.iK-', which with Cin.iyt'i IS the particular Spiritual Comiuelt o( the ,"/(/.'.',>.■, who have the entire Direction of tliole P'eoplv. The ' lU A 11 I ' -n n m T AR AGV AY. T!ie Country is divided inti) 26 Cantons, each of ilicm foittainii'i; 5, 6, 7, or 8oco Souls, or prrhans a greater Number, with two Miliioiier«, who have the whole Chari'.e of tlieir Temporal and Spiritual Conceriis,lor they niulf not only in- ftruft, and adininiller to tlieni as I'allors, but to play tlie l^irt of Stewards, I'hyficians, Ar- chittrts, Gardners, and in fine, c)rder every thin;^ that is necefTiry for 1 ife. The Cantons are ge- nerally feated on an Alient near tlie Kivers ~Jr- v.iic.i and Paraii.t. Near tlie Cliunli of each Canton isa Siiuart; 400 l-'init loni', , and as many br^wd, the rell bcins?, divided into Streets ■, but the l-kmfei are no oiher than Huts of (^lay, th.itdrd, only foine few of late TiTd. lively Hut conlills of butone Clianiber, without Win- dow, or Chimney, all the Cellar being a Cala- ball) full of Water. Tlie better lort lie in 11am- uiocks, the rert on Tif^ers Skins, or Oxes Hides, ■ with a Stone or Block for a Pillow. All the fur niture of their Kitduii confiUs of two or tluec Pots or Pans, the Hands (erve for Spoons, tlie Teeth for Kiiivts.Tlie Door isa piece of Ox's Hide, about 6 Spans high, and 3 in breadth, and with in tliat one Room lies the whole Family, tho' never lo numerous, with tliree or four Dogs, and as many Cat-.. V\'heii the Maids are 14, and the I acU 16, th.ey are prefently Marry 'd for (ear of worfe, and there is no trouble about Por- tion, or loiiiture, or any oth'r Articles, only tlie Wife promifes to fetch Water, and the Husband to furnilli fuel. Facli Canton liasa!iandlbme-,lofty built CInirch and Sieeple, with 4 or 5 liells, and lometiiiies two Organs, but one certain, a hif;li Altar rich- Iv gilt ■, belides 2 , or 4 fide Altars , a curious Pulpit, ;, 4, or Sliver C'andleilicks, 3 or 4 pair of filver Olfering \'eli"els, 3 lilver Croll'es, and M large lilver Ciborium , the Chalices are gilt, and all tlie Antepeialiums and \ ellments a> lull as any 111 Liifopi. Kvery Sunday there is high Mais, and a Sermon, the InJ.i.m Mulicians jierfonmng their Parts well, havuigbeen taught by the.y(,/.".f.'. Tliefe l>i.{i.tn;, as dull as they are at Invention, ire no lels ready and apt at Imitation ., lliow an hdi.ui Woman a piece of fl.i/iJen Lace, aiidihe will undo It with a Needle, and make exaitly tlie like again. /'. Sepp faid he had two Organs, one of vvl'.uh was carry'd fioin t.nrope^ the other made bv the Natives foexacllv, thit there was no (tirtiimiilbinu between them :, the lame of a Printed Millal, which they copied fo nicely, that it was i'auci: difcernable. They alfj make Trumpets and Watches, .md lowill imitate any thing to Perfection, provided they hive the Mo del before thein,_ even to copyirt^ of Pidures with great Curiofity. Thev are monlkous F.aters when they have it before rliem, and will devour an incredible (|uan tityof 1-lellihalf raw, v-'t their Nature does not reiiuireit, but tiiey do it out of (iluttony, and therefore the Millioiiers are their Store-keepers, and every Dav deliver oiU th;ir Allowance •, Helh is fo plenty that they need not ftint them, tlierc being Millions of Cows to be had for nothing, as was oblerv'd before, belides Iwarins of Hens, Pigs, Coats, and Sheep, and fcarce a Canton but ■ lias ? or 4000 liorfes, yet they value Mules at a higher rate. One Sheep, or Lamb, is worth three Oxen, or Ca)Ws, on account of the Wool. Cott.ou there is enough, but no Hemp, or Hax. Hats, which usJ to be excellive dear, are now made by the ludimis. 1 here might be plenty of Corn but tint the People will not t^ke Painsyind barely are brou-'Jit to fow as mr.eh as may fervc them, which is Imltm Wheat, and that they pound li .1 Mortar, and boil witli their Meat, or make ("akes on the i'lTibers, iiaviiig no O- veiis, and all this through l.azinefs:^ for they might have Fnit.j-iws VVheat and Bread if they would, yet are they lo fond of our liread, that they will give two or three Horfes tor a Loaf of it. Tho' there be fuch Plenty of Horfes, there arc no Stables, iioraii\ Hay made, becaufe thcCat- tel feeds all the Year up to the Knees in Grafs, without being watch d,'! heft being either not un- derilocd, or at leall not praftis'd among thole Jn- ci'uv.s. Wholoever has occalion (or Milk, fends, or goes into the fields, and milks the firll Cow he meets with, and bniiiis home as much as he has occafwn (or, the Milking-Pails being 110 <>- ther than large Calabaflies. Theworft is, that tliel-ield« are much infeiled with Tigers, which lometimes coine down in Hocks, and devour the Calves, but leldom the Cows or Oxen, becaufe they are able to defend tlkiinfelves. Ihefe Ti- gers are now the only Lnemics the Natwes fear, or (o mtuh as know of. CHAP. IT cyrend^ from 2$ Decrees of South 1 atitude to the StreiRlit of AUijuil-m in <n, bciiis a- bove 500 Leagues i the Brcaoth various. ChiUy properly fo call'd, h.n:i\ not above 20 or HO leapues, but including the Plains ;if Cuyn, which run the whole lcnj',th, and are fabjifV to its Government, it will be above 60 leagues bnud. On the North it is contiguous, witlithe rich Provinces of Ptru about the Mines ot io- t.-ji, on the South it has the Streights of Af.ifid- .'.;;/, on tl;e Eaft Tuiuinau, and the nnconqucr'd .'./.y-tlLw.ik I ands, and on the Weil the South Seni This F.vtent Southward is given it bv Ov.ille, .vlioni we Ihall follow ni the Account of this King- dom, asthemoftapprov'dof anv, being a learn- ed Man, born tliere , and inhabiting', the moil part of h's lite, and therefore fpeaking inollly p.n his own Knowledge, and not by hcarlay. Yet our Maps generally carry a,ile no farther than 47 Degrees of South latitude, and with re;: %i enough, that being the farthefl inhabited by Sp.ynards, all beyond it cxcellivc cold, and as (uch not yet fubducd. But our Author Car- ries it to the Sfreii;lit of Maf^eltnti^ becaui'c the Mountains Amies run To far, and there is no cer- tain Southern Botind.:ry till you come to the faid Streight. This Kingdom he divides into c/;//f, properly focall'd, the lllands. and the Province of C«y<j or Chuaiytn. The lllands we Ihall leave tube (po- ken of i.mong the red of thofe belonging to South Jmoiai i of the two Parts in the Continent wc will treat in tins Place, without giving any general Account of them together , fot.inuuch as the dirterence between, tho' ni the fame Lati- tude, is !o great, that tiotbinji can be faid in common. I ^H CHILE, common, the twovafvingas .n-jch in allrcfpefts therefore we proceed to '.!..• Table 'of principal as if they were Antipodes to one another, and Town*, -is has been doi". ui other Pro.uiccs. 'Copiapa. CSti.ijco. I.i Serena. Coijutnbo. (Chitapa. Loiigotonut, Chile. <Qicillata. Concon, MelitilU. Santiago. Itara. ChilLm. LZ,.i Conception. The Kini^doin of Cliilc, properly fo ca'''d, lies North, Weft, and Si)iu!i within the li- mits above-mention'd, but on tlic Eall it hab tlic vaft Mountains Arnks, which part it tVom the Province of 0/)r, or Cl:ii(ii)io, benig under tlie third, fourth, and fifth Climates, the longeit Da\jn the third Climate 13 Hours, and 14 in the fifth, but oppofite to Iui"'pe, for \ I.iuy'i Day- is th>.' lony;eft, and S. /?;i)7;%'s the (liorteiV. It much refembles Europe ni many relpeifls, batiiu; that it is Sprint; and Summer ni the <iiie, when It IS Autumn and Wjtitir in the other :, nor are the lieat or Cold fo excellive as m taropr, as far as the 45th degree of 1 atitude, for from thence forward to the l-'ole the violent Cold be- cins. (.generally fpeakni.;, t!ie Heat is not to be complain'd of, Day or NiL;ht, nor is liere ever any Lii^Iitninj;, and Thunder, only heard at a great diftance on theMonntams, nor any Storms of Hail, but conliant fair Weather in Summer, and muder.ite Kaiiib in Winter. Aiiuiher iilef- ling is, tli.ir there are no venomous Creatures of any fort, nor any milthievous wild Ueails, ex- (cpt l<)me few llnall Lions, which t;o\v and then ilo harm among Cattel ■, and as ior Inlects, no l^maile will live there, t!ioUi.;h br<..iij;ht fr^nn o ther I'arts. No Soil in all /J'/UTiL.t is fo conformable to that of tar^'f.c as this, for it produces all lorts of drain and Kruit broui'Jit from thence in Kt- fciti'in, and at t!ie lame tune it yields all that i;iows in.other Parts ot that New World j and what IS molt to be adinir'd, is, tliatG/yo, the ve- ry next I'lovmce in the Wime latitude dillers in all lelnvicl-, as we ll;.ill lee when we come to Ipeak of'it. The Kxhes of C'/.i.'i'c ,ire immenle, for it ha>. ( .. Id, Silvu, ( -opper. Tin, Cjiiuklilver, and i.e.id Mine-. I f'e 1 eaii is nej'JeCliii, as ot litiL' nic , the Quick llUer not yet iiauh us'd, beciiiii. I ite- ; v' (iikover'd, mk\ Cii.i,;{..ibcl:c.i fupplies enoni'Ji f.;r llle ^ the Tin neitlser is not inucli re^;ai(le(l •, tlie Copper is iis'd lor Cannon, .iiid lii.ii>, ilie Silver is not loiif;lit alter, I ecaule the t jold di.iws away all the Appliiation. llicle_ tioltl ^\\\K, i:e ill .ll'.illt; from l!ie Boideis of I'l'rn to tl;e verv Sirei;;lit> ol Miif^ciiait. ;iiid many ol iluin In rich, tli.U' an /,....:.. has been known tot;i:lii.r ;ii,' value of li 01 14! oni.ds hlii 11114 '" a Day. ihe (lold C\^:\ '■lit ol l!;e AJiiies loiis no iiidic hoiiM,- Inn wallini" aw.iy tlit tarih whiili is ..Uion^ ii.aud i!:v.ii ilie .Nktal al remains pure. Iron VAraixo. jingol. Impcri.il. k'.tliiiv!.'. Chile. < nila RicX- ' " IOjorno. S. Ccl'rt.tn. C.iibiuo. ^Lo> Ceto'itidos. fS. J nan de la Front ct a. CuyojOrChucuyto s Arc>idoz.a. ^Oromantt, is here of (greater \'alue than Silver, and there- fore ir.oft Utenfils are of this lall Metal , and tlic Soldiers have their Sword-Hilts, and Plates on the Hntends of their Muskets of it, Officers, and all otiier I'erfons of any Deforce wearing none hu: Gold-hilted Swords. As for other Wcaltli procur'd by Induftry, here are vail Rreeds of Cattel, v.hole Tallow, Hides, and dry'd Helli is fent to l\rii, ando- tiler Parts-, Hemp {;rowin!^ in no other Part oi Aihcrii.:^ and lerviii^; tor all lorts of Tai di.iL and Cordaj^e, us'd alon^', t!ie South Se.s, , ^ i Packtluead:, excellent NUiles convey'dby I .a to I'eri:, belides generous Wine, and many to. T'; of Fruits wliicli will not grow in other Pro- vinces. The .Moiuitains Andes., before fpoken of in Pc- >v.', wiieii they come to C'/j/'/c join into one Ridj;e, whereas before, as has been laid, they divide vvitli a N'alley between, but liere iliae is iiu ihmji but a coiitinu.il .Alcent from .M.iuntain to Mountain, till ynu conie to one in the tiiiddle, infinitely lii};her than t!ie reft, and i: is rvckon'tl 40 Lcai'jUes over from the bottom on the one lide, to liie bottom on the other, the Alaiit lo prodigious, ih.it 3 or 4 D.iys are fpent in m.imit- iiu', to the top, and as inaiiy again in gi.ingciown. Tile Air on the top is iii v;olcnt lliarp ami thin, that thole who travel are lain to iioid ilieir J land- kerchiefs before tiieir Mouths to C/iidenle it, left it lliould t.ike away their Breath, and prove mortal. In other l^irts I'ali'e.igersare fiik, .tiul troiiiilcd witli X'omitnif;, juftas if they were at Sea, and others feel various Eft'etls, ,ib tlie a.lte- ration of Air works upon their dilferent (^on- ihtuti'Mis. The Clouds, whicli.it tirll .ilcendint', take ,iway the light of the clear Sky, on the topobiiriicl Ueing the liarth, as beiiij; imuh be- Knv. Along this ividi^e tli.-re are 10 iiurning Moaiitaiiis, which often brejk out in a dre.idli 1 in.miKr, and in tl:e Year 1040, one of theai chic ni two, and tlii\.w pieces ol Kock all on l-ire a great cliliaiice. l-roni thefe Mountains an innumerable Num- ber of Spriiu;s run down into the Pl.inis, lonii- in,; inairj !■ ivers, the hrll of which isili.athey (all .">.'/. i-i", I'v the hal: Kivtr, in 25 D.j,rees latitude, next the (.ipi..-/;.- in :o ', ilun ili.it of i:,.ii.ni:.bi 111 30, who!.' .Vlouth niakes.i i;o,,wlin.li Is M\ kXciileiit Harbour ■, next f )lluws C.j.y.'pi ni 5i,ani-l .liter it l.„/.-',l.ii:i i 111 33 .iiul .1 ji.ilf J/./v / , lor.ipid t'nt no l-ridiJeian lliid on it. in .^4 Degie;!i A. .74/, in 35 At.iule ; 1 , v) /' "• HI 37 i>. ( f, '-.e Mta'ilV Rivei o 1 , /,, 7 ■>■ ! 3 Mile* ic Nuin- lorm- Jlui tii-'V ili.il ot" ■T. ( 111 It. Ill /mm i ? ■;. ■? CHIL E. V'\ »,i;Vs over At the Mint!!. Ill 59 •, F.ddlvi.t \- in 40. j^i) to tlie very C.if, , from t!ie Sv;i, tl'.rt'U^."' l.ilborts, 1 .ui'ices,llatclitu, H.ittel-Axes, D,■.rt^. ;uid Noofes to ''Tdw up- Arrow I'M Men, .!., Clubs, Sliiu AtUT !!i>rk'« ■inu to ncle, '.(1 bred in tb^ Cii'i-itr tliii^Iu on fl'irf-back ;iuives :okI l!iick!ers as well .i-; ilie >>.■>;»• all ilicir VVeai!>>ns beiti?, m.idc of a Wood infcrionr 10 Steel, !>,i -■v I wirli I h.irden'd m tbe Fire, litt VMU', ci'.aii.l^.u Arnmur iiMdecf ! 'ide'-;'is itnpene- tiuble a-i 'roil. Tlieir Forces were re^ni.irly dr.iw'i no, an himdr.'d djep in File, beini;aI\v.iYs mi\'d, a I'ikeman .■ind oii Arc!ier, and it (>!!e Itvo is iii ^8, C'ypi np which tireat Sliips beinj; 2 or 3 1 eai;iie5 a n^u U)W !iiie:ti,lit, or rliannel, wine!) U'.i.'.h into a fvacioiis Port as ftill as a I'ond. Aftei tb.iV 's C>:tihii/, Rm /iat- Wi7, Rio Ctjif^^ At Lis Coron.idas^ dc l.i FfpcAm.!, C.'.'sl.'f^o:^ di las /'/< tyis, <': :c< A^S ■'(<, tie hi (V '/;.»/'?■', lU /■•; ( •■' p W), Wr /"f P.jxvo;^ S. ('■('lo- rian^ and niany more, belides a .V'liltitiide o( UTs Note titat t.ill into there here nam d. On tlnfe Colli? there are abundance of ^odd 1 iinboiir«, l-'':ilJiii.< h's l-een ;:lreadv ipmiiuii'd •, Coqu.iiilo i^ a ni b',e Hav, lerure tV<iin all Dan- j.',er, and reiorted to I'nt (Vild and G ppvr. On'":- tero is iiiiuh coimiendcd bv 5/v7^fri;, the Dutch Adiniral wbovvti'tto r^.b tlioi'e CoaiU. Caron^ or i':^«7/riM ^'.■lp <(.(/, and 5. Animio ^ are ;ill fate and cv.nvenient, l-elVJes the relt, '.vlucli only to iTienlioii wouF! be tedimi-. Mere is an nnuKnlc \'avi;: Vi and Ma 1 ifii ill this Sva, cind p .■i'lnlarlv ilv they are fom.nv.and I'i) ! ir^e, that I {'•//;■»". -^'c- Thiril, Meat, and ("'old, obltinate ni what they ecuii^ the I'luti-hrni'., I'a',<, he thought he lail'd ImUI, and excellent Morleinen, lidint; down a took threat Care to av(>id iK-ep Mill as uprit;ht and I'teddy as if ihev were 1 ine wa~ broke, t!ie n.;vt advant'd to its riace. ThiV'ir Forr-; were ini'.le of Trees interwoveiioue upon ano;!ier, with Trenches, and l^laces to re treit to. Tlieir warlike Sp'i't jn'oreeded from ther na- tural Temper, whiili \vas Cholerick, I'roud , Herce, :nid Cruel, tuttir.;; the Enemies that teh into tl'eir Power, ui pieces, and wallowmj, i;, tlieir Clood. I !ie\ are (Irons; , and robufl ot ^'tiideof Hodv, bro.idShoirder'd, hmh ClielKxl, well lei, \'vha'c>, niaiMe, aiiive, vigonuis, piticnt of Hunsicr, r( iin. nm! in Hanger fi them. No Co'intry in tlie Woild has moredi- verlitv of all forts oj' Bnds, wild and tame, boili }■' iircpc.iii and Aiicr:i.:)i. Hcfore tlie comnit; of the Spm' luii here were no Cows, IFirfes, Slieep, Swin;, Cars, Kab^'t'-, or 1 'os;s , except onU a fort <:f litlle Cn'S, nor Goat, or Alfes, \et now the Ridmcfs of tie Ccnntry has To caiis'd them H>iiicreal'e, ll.ic tiiere are more tlian thev have orcafu^n for, ;>nd very m'.\ii I'iili. is walled, and txpos'd to r>irds, and Kealls of I'r' v, and for Movies, wh'ch at r/ll were lold for 2, ?, and e- veii 50CO I'iecis of F-'gl't, they now fcarce beai any I'vireatall. Ihe A.-v; .Sha'p are .^:i'iMi;',tn- ral to tbi^ C( ■wv\ ry. Tlie Cin macos^ or wild e uuts, are miulilike tie Sheep, but ran never be tam'd. nail'd to the 11. .rie, and tins withany Saddle,or witht)Ut one. They were verv numerous at tlie coming of tlie >■/. .-"/.i/rAt, but liv'd diipers'd in the N alley-, or h\, t!ie liilis or Rivers, under then' leverai C.ui//i(rs, toviliom the\, paid a ready ObeJ.ier.ce. Tlieir I-hnifes were of NV'ood, all on a F! v>r, and each Kooin ap:ut, lii that wlien they would remove, they could life up everyone, an.l carry it where they plea.AI. Nor had they any Locks, orllinj^es, rclyint; a't'i;elher 011 tlieir own Mo- r.'.ly, and as for Funiiturc, their Beds were the h.ird (iroiind, with a Stoii., or Fo.; for a I'il- Fnv, and their Cloaks to ci>ver them, belides (>ne or two Hl.nikets, and conloinent',', we may and feed ni Mocks in the Fields, being fo fwift, believe they knew not what H^n.^m^s w.-re. that tbcbefl Morfe^- have cnou^^h to do toiivcr- take thei". Tlie Flelh ( t the old ones is good drv'd and liiioak'd , but the youiu', ones eailike Kid. They I'reed the licLoar Stones in a Haa, they have under their Meljies. It Would be endle' Kiid require a particular boi k to treat of the I'l uit^ and Trets, but ainoiis.; t.ie refr, here is one c.ill'd ,l<''>/i7//, or the little />-'••, ,i'Cj wliich buirs a rtd Fruit, like a Imall Cii;i;''. Iiot and dry, of whicli they m.tke a 1 i- ' ■', , tai eiiceediiu', all otheis in goodneK, tor it I* rii. i, fine, wanii, agreeable to ilie lalte, com- ■ ■•■.: . L to the StoiTiaih, ddpels all \ .ipi iirs in u iitii'.t, wi'.hiut otfeiid-.ii!'. It, and creates an Ai,;t'.t , Knigi'f a i^olden Coliiur, ;nidasdeli- <ioe, ,' the biftof Wine-, befides whithit makes be' te: \ iiui',,ir th.ai Wine di.'cs Tl:e Natives are by the confent of all .Men al low'd to be tie bravell of all the Ainei n.i,:., as the ^/J iM..><5'.( li.ive toiind by colUy Expeiieiice, ..gainil vvhi'in they inaiiitain'd open War t.n full an hundred Years, and tlie Inr^- of /Vr;-, with all thiir I'ovver, caiid never coiwiuer ihein. They dellroi, d inaiiy .S/*.';./,-. Towns, killd U me 1 hou- iar.ds ul them in opui Field, and defended thein fclves iipi.n alloicafioi's, without W..!,^, or Fire- Aruis, with luth \ aluiu and Cordu^, a;, isauia- ing, and ii;;'kes their final Conijuell tlie mure IIOI Oi They IMe \i^>;un:, Fred their C niri^, and extrcileof nldun to MardlV.ip, As Ills, which were I', un- 'iKc'-. Cold and Silver they made little ul'e of, b it had 4 or % w.Hiden Dilhes nid Spoons .>t the fame lort, a Calabalb to drink out c)f, and aLtiff.T a Saltfeller. The Ciround, or a little Keiich fcrv'd for a Table, witliout Cloth, or Napkin, but only a little Broom to wipe their Fingers. Their Diet conlilUd of lii.li.iri V\he,it, huit, Merbs, lilb, and Inch Came as they kill'd in lluutiiig. Of the //.'.I/. f..' Wheat tiiey alia m.ule a fort of Ale, and call d itC/c/;./. Tlure were, and ihll are Phyfici.nis among them, who perform wouder.'iil Cures with Sim- ples, and keep their Secrets to themlelves. T heii letting Hlood was with a flint made exactly like our Farriers Hems. For Clo.iths, t!iey have Drawers wiihoiit Shirts, and W'allecoats put o ver their I leads, and girt about, B.jth .Men and W'.i.nen have their Anns naked, but no other I'att, the latter h.ivnig CF)aths that cover them from Mead to Foot, they liave leaint .if the 5/).<- //i.ov/j to wearSmock-., but will not hear of any llead-drelles,Neckl,ites, Sleeves, or (Jloves.Thelc Women are lo bold, th.it fir want <'lMen they will play the Farts ot S.ildler.-, being \^olldel• titl active, Ihong, and p.itient of Haii'.lhip. As to Couip'exioii, tl.ey are the lairelt of all the Aii.ii !i:m:>, but tl'iirliair I5 alwa', « black, and hailli, and no red ii.ur'd I'erloti w.is ever ieen among lliein , not do they ditler in any other relpect fio ii J unpcins, and tbo.c who live 4- unng >.••■'//■ ' l;xa'. Sr.in :■/ to inch I'etfectiun, V y y i.'.it. I -1.11 . hi 3 2-f C H 1 I F. u'lat tliere is no clilliiijiuilliinii; between tliem. T!ic Citv ot' i:.iiiu.t!^ii IS the (.Capital (jt Chitr, founded hv /V.-tr dc KiLlli'i.t^ the C'Miqik'Vour ol tlic Kinj;doin, in theYiar 1541, in t!;i; clcli[;!urnl N'allcy of .1/\'.>rho, a: ilie timtofa liill in 54 Ho- grers of Soutli Laiitudi.'. Tlie Shape of it is like a Clicfs-hoard, beui^ all cut mit into Sqiuires, (o iliat whcrcfocvcr .1 Man Hands at a Corner, he Iccs lliur Strei:t>, cxti'iidin;:; llrait forward to the ends of the Town. On the North lide of it is a plcafant River, which is let by Cuts into all I'arts of tlie ('it\s (<■• tliat all tlie Streets areea- fdy watei'd, and the likh carry'd away. Tliere is one Street running fioiii Lalt to Weil ihe wliole lengtii of tlie City, lo wide, that 15 or )'> Co.ichi.-, may i^oabreaft 111 if, a moll delij;ht- ful l-'larc ill Sunniier to take the Air, and fee, all tlie Coaches pal'j by, ar.d in it is the (Church cil S. liizMii.t, and the Monailtry of S. I, .imif. Ikfidestliis noble Street, there are aluindance of curious Squares, t;eiierally one before every Mo- nallery, and tlie great M<.rket-place exieediiij tlicm all, the North fide aclorn'd with a ihitJy Town-Houfe, the Ueff with a Inir.ptuous Ca- thedral. The Ma. I 'U vies of 5, I'uuun.iky .s". FriiKcis, and tl'c [n . • ■ "ery (tatelv. Tlie Extent of the City is v i, the Inhali.tar.ts "cry numerous, it is a 1; ak, and llniverli- ty, and one of the wealtii. . Tlaces in the Uiu- verfe. Tlie City ///ipcyi:il is in 38 Degrees of South I atitude, lo r,ill d, hecaul'e the ^p.i>n..rdj at their lull toMiMi^ iuijiid Eagles there cut in Stone o- vtr fevrral 1 iouk's. ^ :d iiVhi founded another City of Ins <)',vn Name in 40 Degrees ot South 1 atitnde, -ii.t far from the Sea, in a Country a- biundnit; ill ( lold. lie alio built L* Serei.i \\\ a plcalant and fniiiful \alley, m 30 Degrees ■, and / ,//,/ Idea, lo lall'd, from the {^reat l-'rolpecl of Wealth the Country atlorded, in 40 De^^'/ees up the Inland t<Avards the Andc-^ the Cc«u/'//o?/ in 37, near ilie .lea, mii Ain^ol in ;!-i liipjier up tile Country. The dovevnonr, Akiulo^ii, aketwards built the Town ot Ojoni'., 111 tlie Latitude uf4f. Befides wliuli there are leveral other J-'Lues of lels Kott, lat^r built, as partinilarly 5. C(0>i.i//, u\)i\ ('.ilhiuu, 1:1 about 4^ Dei',rees !.,atituile, antl hs CWuLulos in 4O, liein^; the lall the.i7'.//./.('c// ii'Itabit to 'he Siuthward, Chucuyto b, Oxen, v\iili iJeils, and all CoiiVi.iiieiices m tllt'in. It IS woiiderliil that only the MouiUaiils ^■li.itf diviJ.iiii this Coiiniry lioin Cu.ic, tiiey /.'lould d.ikr lo iiuidi 111 llieir Q,iialitiirs , lui hire thelleat-i are int.i'.er.ible in .'•'.iiui/r, ard lb,",: are I'm h Multitudes of I'unaiU j , as ob!;;^e th- I'eople to lie in their Ciai.j.'i •, ir C.^irts, r'.-.r. beiiii', no Kell to be Irad in the Houfls. Tl-'u' ar:' pro(..'i»i,;ous Storms ot Thunder and I n.V>rnj;iij, and abmulance iS I'oiliMioiis Vermin, befides .< ii.rrof (mats, fi fmill, that they can hard'y L-.- feen, and ye'tas troiiblol.inieas tlie >.',vcater. So iiuith fiir t!ie ill QialiL;es-, the "ood .ire, a I.andfo fernkMliat in lonn' 1 l.ices it alinoll om- diits ClhU, li'i- iMeat Heat lipening all thiiv.s to HerfeOion, lii lli.t there 14 iloreol Com, Wine, Hedi, and .dl loii^ot /wov,-.*,;/- l-r:;:, lv.'ot-,,i!iU [klbs. The Sea being ev;:ry where remote from tiii^ Froviiicf, It iin lia' f iu> ! illi Irom tlienre, but ;-" fupply'd by foine la!;e3.0t late Years verv rich Silver Muks liav,- been di'civ.-r'd It?r.-, w!i:i;!i drew many I'eop'etrom i'doj:^ becaufc they wci'f faid even to exceid thole in \ .I'lie , a'KJ be- ing in a I'lain n'.uehe.ilkr to ir.iiK- at ;li • \'eins, belides tlie conveniency of travelling with Carts, and the theapnels of Provilions. Hnr tins is not all, for foon after tliere were Gold Mines found lo wonderful H icli, tliat they are laid far to exceed all others liulii-rto kn.«vii. T he Wines here are lo generous, tliar they car- ry them 3or4CO I eaini.'s aciofs thole immenre I'lains in Carts during tlieexceliive Meats, with- out the Icait Detriment, and they will keep af- ter tlat as long as they will !iave them. The Bread is excellent, and lo is tl:e Oil, and all forts of Gard'.niiig-, tliefilbas good as that of the Sea •, Max anil 1 lemp nothing inferiour to that of c/;;/f, and m lliort, here are all NecelTit- rics tor I lie in Perfection. To recompeiife thele Hlellings, the travelling is m'lerable, by realoii ol the luvnoder.u'e Heat , througli vail I'lains, before fpoken of, wherein I'-nie hundreds of Leagues there is not f) much as a Stick, oraStoiie, and loiiietimes 2 or 3 Days Journey no Water to iie f lund, whiili therefore Travellers mull lake i.ae tocan y \vidi tliem, or I'erilli. Tile Natives h'jre were imith like tlieir Neigli- hciiis ot //«/(/./,/••/, and other Provinces, mde and baibarous, living dilpers'd under little C;- lii/ius, iiiiicli addicted to Druiikeimels, wliith iliey would lluk to tor tiiree lAiys to;eiher, witfiuut lleeping, hut eontiniially Dancing, and l)riiikiiig,within a Knig made with ')traw,>rdry Kullies, into winch no Women were to come, but to bring tliem Drink, and then they were to Unit tlieir E\es. They were alio llraiigely alfedleij to.Sorcery,ind h.id tiair'. 'Inldien initiated ir. that hellilli Practice by old Men appointed tor that Purpoll', who did it by drawing Hlood troin them, and ilieii making tlu in fill in tome retird Plaie. They all worlinpp'd tile Sun, Mi>on, and NiorningStar. Tlieiliief Town here iscall'd UetiJ.o-^i, from Don l-iiirt.ido dc /ilcutiu:^!, Marciuels of (',/)/(tc, \ iccroy of /'fiv. It is l(.'atedaia Imall Diltancc from tlie Pafs of the .Mount. mis th.it leads into Cjiic, and built by I'ttcr Cijt.ii,', who took P- i-inu's Standard in the (rivil Wars of /'(y;/. The other two I owns are S. Jii w dt- l.i i-'rrtritet.i^ m the more Northeiit Part, and iJii^.'.inurc in 'the Soutli, none o! them .ill were very iMnridcr.ibk' til of Lite Ve.irs, tlie Wealili ol the Mines a- hovr mention'd, has drawn alnimLiiKe of People lnjiiiihe.idiai.ciit Pioviinei, b) whiJi means tliey i!ie. PlOVll IXati no bet Toes, five A'oun of Col P.ml i.'on Cold; .Sp.v«., Would p:.ipo ihercli I hem : Com;! never i itnd a \ (I.'.I/IS After fwadii fellion •md ci Air. ftnt b'^ CHILE, ?25 .-, w!i:(:!l hey were iiMc! lu- m, tr.>:n it (.'.men., U Diftance (is niTi) ) took P- iifii. The ■flltt) :! ^ III :i:c ill the .iilick'f.ihk- ; Mmcb .1- ; i)\ I'copk' iiifuns tlisy b..,:'. L'Cijin toiiurc.ife, and inay in fniic time be cqii.il to (jtlkvs of the fiift Mngnituck". The Hiftorical Arcoimt of Chile. There is nothing to h.- fircl before the romii'g (it \[\ii >t!.:>!iard<.^ for th( ie Tcoplir \N\'n' not (o po- lite ;isl!'e ra-ifi-^.is, cv Atc.vit.itis^ vsho liviil,:^ under I'cter.t ^ Kir.irc' i.<, hiui ;i ci\'ili/'<t (hi- ueriMnent, ard pre'eiv'i! I'oiiic NU'irmry of thur i\nceftors, a; we have feen in fpeakint; of thofe Empire:.. Hut in Cbiif there \v;is no (onfider,!- ble I'rirce, every \ ilijc'e, or iunidrcd ltr;i!',liii<', I'oufes h.id its own C; utic, ard in tinie of VV.ir they met, andihol'e a Cjentral, io that tliere was no Form of Governmenr, and tonfefiiieiitly W) retjardto Antiquity, or the aiflions of pall A!;^'^. It will tliereforc fiitrie biielly to toucli upon llie Conquell <jf the Coiintrv by t!ie Spuh.irds. V\!en Pi2..irro^ as Ims been i.iid before, l;ad fubdu'd the grjauft i'ait of An/, and aliign'd Ciifco to Jaiiivi tie Aliiuiv,' o, wllo luid rnppurtttt and enabled liiin t.uio tluon^h with t!ut miiji- ry undertaking, a Coinmiliion rami, from Sp.h'i/, giving j^!in.i^;ro ihi Title of Marlhal, and wit!i it the Government and C^ji'qiKll o*"2co Leagues, beginnii'g at Ci,hih.i' in /'ix, and running to the Soutiuyardaloiig the Ciafr. Upon this Ad- vice he kft Ciijio, and iruirih'J awav to Clj.l-: with 2C0 lloric, and 3C0 l-ooi, in the Year 1535. It is iitipolViHe to cvprels what thel'e brave Men cndur'd m palling the Moiintan.s yi.u'.cs, for be- ing lb maiiy, ant! ail btraii'/rs to tlie Country, they were at the point of Ferilliiii,!, fir Want, liaving (Tutde no I'rovifion for mauliing over that Defcrt ■, befides tl'.e ui;t,'xnvfti.d and violent ('old wai enough to rave dellroy'd them, with the continual lahour, ■m<\ I atigue of marcliing in lucli difmal Ways with their Anns and Bag- gage, and t'liiribii'g luili aUnoll inaecellible Rocks and Precipices. ."lUili were the Hardlhips they li'dur'd , that very many Perilh'd , fome tunk in the Snow, and wtre frii7,en to Diath. Of lWSp:u,'i.i)ds, Carcil:iffo de U I'c^a fays i5ody'cl tl us mikvably, and 50 of their Horfes, and of J5CC0 J>:diii!;s, \Nho werclels us'd to, and worie iMovided aganill the Cold, locco Ihtrv'd to Death. Others wI:o follow 'd afterwardsc.me otf no better, Ibme loling their Fingers, fome their Toes, aiid irany tlieir 1 ivef, through tlie exccf- five Cold. y}ii::.-f.rt} having at length pafs'd the A'.ountain, defcci'dcd into the delightful N'alley of Copiiipi; when he refrelii'd iiis Men. Here P.ihI the /)/^.j, wh,o tume along wit.'j Alnmgro^ \.,'on gatlier'd the \ alue of 5C0CCO Ducats in (lold, whiih heprcllnted hirr. This put all the Sp:iii.ards in In^pesof a glorious Coiiijucft, wliich wouid (con cnriili them all. 'Ihis N'alley of Co- piipo was fubje^t to the hn.n of Peru , and tliereforc rcceiv'd the ^p.v\.ad.< ^ and refrelii'd themi lut when they advanc'd farther to the Country of the Pio//.iiiU.', wiiom tlie /?/,...•■ could never comiuer, ilicy were met by that Nation, iHidaviry bloociy Cattil enlued, whertiii the.'"- iH.ifis were at kill routed w:th much ditficulty. After this god Oegiiining, ^.'//.,.,i,/o \Nas per- fwadul to ^obaik nito/'i).', to leiure bis I'of- felVion of <■.;((., whae coming loa Haitelwiih rii.a,ia about ii, he was ovetthrown , taken, and cruelly put to lyeatli. Ali;^.'^' beingdead, / iter dc J'.tUl.vi.i was next ftiit b^ l'.z.,ii) i, mtoO u, wl:otnf;r'd that King- dom in the Year 1540, with a ?reat number of Spn:iird.. maMndians, who all fulFcr'd thj liuiic II liii ^i % t ._ ^ . .1 .1 I t I ^' .#i»i.» (».i (inv.1 i'lmitfii., \->i:<j till uilltl 11 lllw 1 llardlhip? on the Mountains the others !iad dur'dhifc"- •-.i..\-." f^^...... 1. .,- mentioii'd f-umd, as raldiiu.i was Well rcceiv'd, ,i> he f auuv,:i was wen receivii, ,ii iie WaS in tfiofe of Gn.'Jro and O:q:ii»dio \ but at Qjfil-.tt.t he ioimd Oppn(it;on, yet penetrattd to the fertile and populous N alley o\' Af.tpoihn^ where he foiindeci the firft Sp.w://iTiA\n, which was tliattif .V./;f*- «"«, the Metropolis of the Kingdom. Next he rclolv'd to build a l<.irt upon the rich .Mines of Qriloitt, but wanting Men, he lint 6 with (.jolden Stirrupi, Bridles, and all otlier Accou- trements of the fame Metal to Ptm, to dr.'.w Sup- plies. Thel'e, and ?o morefeiit with them, all I'enlh'd but two, wiio after a long tinie elcip'd to /V ).'.', and gave an Account of the Poll are ot Aflair.to f '. k. i de Cijho, ihen Vicero\, wh'jrent. thein cuiifidir.ibk' Supplies, wherewiiii /-'..Wic/m profecutal hi'jCoiiqueAs, and 111 the Year 1544, founded the fecond SpMilJh Town, cali'd L.t Se- re//. 1. This done, f'.ildlvi.i went away to Tern, to alVifl thj King's Forces againlb the Pi-i.iiyo'i, then in Keliellion, and having vanquiih'd them, leturn'd to jiis Province, where he found ail the l,:d;.ins up in Arms, ,ind liisNtw Town of /.j Slid/.: dellroy'd , which lie rebuilt, th.n to,i (|Ueriii;', the l'ri,i,oi\ie.<, and maiching deeper a- loiig the Country , he creeled the City of t!;e C..i,iipt/on un the Coaft, in 37 Degrees of South latitude. This great Man not loiatislkd, car- ried im his Conqucds beyond 40 Degrees of latitude, and founded the Towns of Imperiiil., r.ddivin, ■Meifillii Kicti, with 3 Forts \n Ar.m- le, and laftly, the Town of A/ig<'l., at tlie rich Gold Mines found in that Place. This was the Polbure of AlFairs, when the Cuiijiies of Araitco coiifpiring together, revolt- ed with an Army of above 6ccoo ,\len, furpri7.'d fever<il Spit!/ij'j Towns, where they ilaughta'dall the Inhabitants, and cut off the Goveniour / '.(/- d.vi.i himfeif, witli all the Forces he could draw to.;ether, only two Jnduas elcapiug, who hid tl'.emfelves. Ir.i/icts de Fiii.i^r,!-/ , I'.ddivi.i'i 1 ieutcnant, being chief after his Death, mureh'd with all the Strengiii he could make to revenge r.ildrul.i'i Death, but being opprefsd by the Multitude of hdi.wf, after a furious Encounter, was forc'd to make the bcR Retreat he could, \Mtli great I.ofs to the City of the Coi/eipuou-, winch, the /«(/;.//>.'.( purfuing, they were fain to a- b.aido'i the next Day, when it wasplunder'd,and burnt. Liiiitnyo, the General ol the j^r.iucans, follow'd his Succefs, and laid Siege to the City of >'.u/tiaf;o, but was kill'd before it. The next Goveriiour of Chne, was Dc.v Garcia Hid tado dc Ah//dni.a , vvho twice defeated Ciitpo- licti//, the new Chile//i.i// Cjcneral, took hiui Pri- fiiikr, and put him to Death for a Terror to hii followers. Irotn this time the Sp:vii,i>ds held their own, and gain'd nianv Advantages, rebuild iiig the 'I owns that had lieeii deiUoy'd , and building others as they adv.mc'd. Yet the War held on very bloody on both fides, .v.m\ lafted an hundred Years fromthe beginning, till the Ai,t,.cui/i being almolt deflroy'd, and the re- mains of them dilcourag'd by continual Lodes, coniludcd a Peace in ih- Year 1^41, with the Maiquels de I -'ydc:., then Goveniour, liibmittiug iheiiifelves to the Kiugof .Y-''') and embrjcmg Y y V ■>: ^^<' ■ ' 1! If? '^*'ii ,'iii i ('■'; ^i6 MAG EL LA NIC,!. tlie Ciliiiftian Religion, fmre which time they made by '"'t'li-'i' f-r.yopca.i N';Uk>iis to mire Trou- have been kept under, and the whole Country b!e>, h\ ixciting t!;e /reli.i": tj revoli. enjoys l*eacc, notwithflanding I'cveral Attempts CHAP. XIX. Of TERRA MAGELLANIC A and the S T E I G H T S of MAGELLAN. THIS isthcutmoft Part of the Ciontincnt of yimeric.i, lying Soiitli of all that has been hitherto dcfcribd. The Nortliern fixtcnt is that alone, which cann.'t well be aleer- tain'd, for as Ov.illc flretchesout the Kiiigdivnof Chile to the Streij^hts, thisCountrv would Inive nothing on that fide next the South Sea ■, hut the SpMiiirAs pofTeffing nothing bevond .}.(> Dcgiees of South I atitude.that muftofCourfe be reckoii'd the beginning oftnis I and. However on the Fall fide it reaches mucli Iiigher, for there tlie Spnnjh Dominions fcarce go beyond the Mouth of the Ki ver of Plate , for which Kea((in, thi Mif^cllMiiik Latids may well heallow'd to coinmence in ;7 or ^8 Degrees of South latitude. Thcv border Northward on Chilc^ ^'':)o, wCi}itin\in^Ti:c:n>,.tn and tlie Province of the P.iver of Plncj on the F.afl they Iiave the At! :„tick Ocean, on the '^o-.ith the Strciglit of M.igrllw, and on the Welt the South-Sea and Part of Chile and Cr.yc. Fcrdirimd Af.if^.ilh.ic.'!)^ or as we ea'l hi:n, J/.j- /[cll.v:, was the firft that difcover'd this Co;ii;try and Streii^ht , to both whicli he gave Iiis Name. Neith..r did he, nor any tliat have follow'd Iiiin, learn much of thef'ountry. All we find is, tluit for the moft Parr, where he fent alliore, it was Dc- fart. Some few Men he faw, wliich his Q-.;rpaiiy and otliers have fince reported to be of a (iigan- tick Ihiture, harbaruis , and niked, though ni a Clim.iteexceflive cold. Thefe the\ call A^f .>,<iwcj, wliiih is .'.s mucii as can be •'" id of them. Peyond theStreightun the South-Sea ^/f/Tcr7,'ff, informs us, tlie Jf////f.', who were on the Million in thofc Parts, clilcovcr'd two Natioiibcall'd ft;/- >iiij>is and / /ifill.ir/'^ many of whom they convert- ed. C")fwl'.om they give tliis Account. The Chit- >ii.i//< inhabit the Continent and leveral Illandsto the Northward of the HuHI.m., who are next to the Streight of Af.if.el/.w. In the lllmds there are only a few icatter'd Pamilies. The Soil is oenerally barren, learce bearing any prain, and the Trees for the in' ill part look clifmall. The Natives live upon Hlli, and what the Sea calls up^ the V\dinen diving to the I'ottoin, and com- ing I'.P again with llore of lilli in Haskets hang- ing aLout their Nixks. Their grcatcll Want is of frelli Water. They prefs an Oil out of Seu- Wolvts, whiih they drink and know no 'ither I iqucn-. Kut they have foine little l/.Ai.in Whe.ic '.'.rowing in the biggefl of their lllandb, call'd (.;;.■ '■ ,hi. The People are for the iiioll part red hair'd, of an Qlive-coiour and mild Dirpoiitioii. In the rt.in(jtcr lllandi they breed Dogs witli b.nig Hair, 'A'hom they trim, and of their H>;ir make lliort ' i.irnients, wliieli cover only the SlK.nkleis and iji e.ili , covering their Naki.dnel'<> wi;Ii Sea we.ds The //'(///./..■', wlio are next the Stri.i,',hts ul A/.i- :,i!i.iii, arc ill a more u'iiiuable Condition and their Difoolltion is tnire barbarous. Thrv I've from 50 Degrees of Soiitli i atitude ti'rw.ads ni * very cold Climar:. and tt.irk naked, hmkliiiii moveable Ihitsof tl'e Harks of Trees, likeSu^.ai- 1 'i.ives and eat tiothin:', dreiVJ. Tl:eir SkuH art almofl black, andt!;eir Hair lb hard and iipvuV'^. that it Uioks like a Bi.lli. f heir number is (ir.all, and their Neighbours, the Cj/:;/Ii/i:, lun'tthein like Wild iieafls, either to keep or leil vhcm for Slaves, and t'ley are happier ii'i Slavery th,*T> in their own Country. Amindance of both l!ui^ Nation^, as was faid have been Converted, many Years fince, and it is likely tliey m.'.y have ait embrac'd Chriflianity. V\'hat other Nations ibevf are is not known, nor any more but that ;i^ was laid before, mnc'i of tlv' Country is Delart, and all of it wrefeiied enough. The Streights of Af.i,Kcll-"', difcover'd hy that famous Pijrtiifj:ilc in the Year 1520 as has bom laid, are according to the Account of .s)i,t>.-<.»'«f, wlio know thein bell, ico Leagues in Icnjith, from tlie C';pf oftlie i iooor,yi>;n.f,at the Entrance from the North-Sea, to Cape Deftyc, on thcSoiuh- Se.i. The Rreadth varies much, being not above a ! e.igue in feveral Places , in others more , but everv where narrow\ In the Streight there «>'e many (afe Harbiiurs. narrow at the entrance and (parioas Bays within, eucoinp.ifs'd witji Moun- tains, \vhicii Ihelter them foeloie on all rul'.s, that '•'hips may ride in them, whatlbever the Weather be, upon the lead Anchor. After M.igtil.m had dtt'cover d this Strcighr, in the Year 1523. I), (imierrc dyviu! , Kiliiop ot Pt-icaici.t, fitted out 4 Ships, in the Name ut the Emperour C/j.«7f.( the Fifth, to take amoroeXiUV Account of it, and lail to the Afoluno lllanilv, Three of tliofe Ships were loll in the laidStrCightu and t!ie 4lh palled through to A/wv, In ijxf>, Cmij de l.o.iyj.1 was by the I'lpperour appointed Admiral of 6 Ships to pals through the Strc:(4hts ul MjccILiii to the A/cilmto Illands. They all pafs'd, but the Admiral was loll as lo.m as the',' came into t!;e South-Sea, and the reU v^nt on tlieir_\ oyage, except one that was call upon the Coall ni' Anv Sp.iii:, Simr:,; ,if ,IU:i:.ci\t attempted this Palla^e in 15?^, but Ins Men mutinying, he was llopp'd and .ilterwards murder'd, the .^fiipi returning to Nonli /l/)w.ii. In 1559, Dnniiu :.cr,e dc C.nv.i'il^ tlie aboveineilti.in'd Hilllop of /'/..Tf/;t.'.; fitted out 3 'ih.ips moie, theC"ominoc|;>re whereof washll, and the ul perlorm'd the N oy- age. Alter alt tliele it wa^ that Sir /t.,-,;;. Ih.inc p.ds'd this Stre:,;ht, wimli was the Ocealioli that King Piiil.i) thjzd <)( Spii,! lent a Meet t'l IMant Colonics, and erefl lorts on the Streight In hin- der oiiivri Iroui aiiempting the like, iMitmajiyof 'liele fillips were kll .tiM iwo Coloine.- bein^ pbiited, owe at the M'-wih and the other liiiihei raifcTi-nu- It. 3H IS TF?v I'^f rw.ivds* w » ! , bmkiini; ibci" t<< lVr..i!l, , luunihon ell i!K.n(;>i k-i'V th.w ill I" both thvlif citcd> uw\i\; i.'.y Imvc ait >);Uioi)SllK"Vf t tli;U ;i^ w;ts Ddlirt, and ei'd hv tlttt as has been s in l.cnjitb, the F.ntvaurc on the South- ig ih^t aUive •s move , but ;ht there ttre eiitiani'c '.tlKl with MoiiD- :iU rKl.s, ih,u the Wc.iiher Sti'cighT, ii-. Killiop ot Name ut the a more ex.u'V lunti lllliKis Hid Strcightu M In ijio. urapiviiiucd the Strciiiht-i Thev .ill 111 ;',s thi-; ■el\ went oil ,lll U|MlHhj .meinpteii utimiiijij hf tl, the .^hipi 100 ot C(i!nin-)cV'>re •Cl IJlllKV 3ec.uio!i ih.U leet t'l Plant ei^ht tiihin i<iiL '.ii.uiy 1)1 iluiiiC!. beiiiii other hiiihei b. J M E R IC A, itp the Stui^Iu, by the \\,\\w^ i)r_7o'"thel irll, and the otiier CiiuLul ili' f!fy l'ri:pe^ or Kiiiii, /'.')/ ///j'-i r,it\ , all tile ^'ell let't there 'vnlli'd and were never lie:ir(l of. Since ihenMiaiiv ot all N.itions iMve p;il'>'(l that VViiy •, !-;it icarceaiiy have made the Aclvanras;es thev e\p.V>.;d. In the Year 1617 a'.r.oll ico Years after At i- i<clliW\ li'M IcA/.i.ic^ a PifUhMiu, dil'e .ver'd another Streii;ht to th.' S.'nthward i/ /.!.■: fl^M.'s, and mueli lliortcr, ftiil Known by his Name, lime ?17 which fearcc any have gone through tlw u\ A/.: gc/'.in ■, hut of later Years they are both .'.voiiuc! upon diieoverin^ that to the Southward ol them both is an o;vn Sea, whiili all that are bound for tlie South- Sea chufe ratlier to run into, tlv/ ex- .eliive Cold, than lia/ard all th; Dangers of timlj narrow Streighr^. Yet none of thele Ways havi. Iieeii at all in Ufeof late Year>, unlel's for Pyrates, wlio have vcutur'd to rob in the South-Sea, i;eiie rally with little Siieeels. C H A P. XX. Of the lilands of SoikIi A M C R I C A. HA \' 1 N O (y(,\iu -f the Illantl of the Tn- »i:y and the others aloiu^ theCoall of /■'.■» r;.« and Fe'.cmLi^ among tiioli.' oi North /if,'ify:c\ there i\iiiain not many of Note to Ipeak of in tlie Sout!!. It is true tlie {nilp!i of I'lriii o tlieS'Hlfh of i!;i- Trlniiy, is full of linall Itlan(U, but iieiiher are their Names, nor (i) much as their Number known;, not but that all tile / 11- )oiH-ii,is have been eiioiiji upon tliat Coall and a- im'i'i', tli'.m, its beiui', at the Montii of the j^rent Kiver O>,,f,fio^ hui ihfy Iwvenot t'oiind it worth their wliile to letlle, or fo much as give any Ac- etamt ot ilieui. Ueaviiif, tlieti: and defccndiiii; Southward , at the Mouth of the Kiver Ciy.w.i, in % Degrees of North Latitude, tiiereis a fniall Illaiid, on which ai was ohler'.'M in fpcaking of tiiat Country, the {'tdicli have (ettled a (Colony, which is as nmch as 18 vetinilite tu repeat. Again at t!ie Mouth of the iniy,hty Kiver of the ^-/wiaw, about the firll Degree ot South 1 atitude there is another I'arcel iif Mlunds, but IK itluris there any thing obferv'd of tl'cui, nor loiiuicii as their Namei. Tlie little l(lnnd Mir.ihh.to w tlie 3d Degree iif Smiih 1 a- titndf has been Ipoken of in tht Defcription Ul Jil.tt.fl. Ihe llland of IhcHn.n/!! de jyorot/h.i, who firll: t'.iit'ovei'ti 11, is ill 3 Degrees 40 Minutes of South latitude, the J'litili lay -0, the roitMi^ncjf.t 50 .Leagues from the (^oalt ol Br.tLtl^ and is not a- bove two 1 eaguvs long and one in breadth. It is for tlK- iiioft part Plain, but has two liRhhi,;!i l-;(Kk> that i.t a d:[iatice they look like Lowers, 'ihcie are abundance of Wild (toats in it, wliie!! are the Produft ol U-me tlw the Portit^mja put in 10 hveitl j but It has no Inhabitants. NeM lollow. the '! 1:11:1} , between iS and ly Degrees Siiitji jVoin the .-t-iqiiator, and about 80 Ltagiuii Pall liom the ("oaii of Ar.x// i tiic >••) trt'lioH I eiween k; and ;o Degrees Kouth Latitude 50 1 eagucii L'ali irum the fame Coail i S.n.i.! /!/.;- »/.■((.'(■ •i.\<Ji > , in tlie lame latitude, near ico Leagtu-s halt from the lall . tlielliand of .■l/(i>7;r/ /'(-., I'nll 111 tlic fame L.it Liule and ;o Leagues baft from .s'. .5,',;»,(.,-, ant tl11.11 the Uknid (i.>.> /'/- («.(, Ill 11 Degrees Smiih Latitude and 40 Leagues more Lalierly ilian .I/O'"' ^.K. Un the Coall nf r.ir.if^ii.i\i ill iS jincl 29 Degrees <'\' South lati- tude arc two iiieoi4it;erable illands call'd i'. C'.(- iit<r:ii'i and dc .■lrvja-U<\ and between 5 1 and 5; near Hfi le.lgu■.^ from the ("outmeiit three Imall oiicscalld Seiiiiid i:r »i '.:mics lIlaiRU :, ol all which it IS enough to have given the Names and I'o fition. T.crr.i del Frcf.r,^ or the land of Fire (iicalld, from tlx' many l-iri.-i t!ie lirll l^ilcoverers law on ir. Is thegreatell lli.iud, we know ol, belonging toSouth Airrriid. It forms the Soatli Ikle 01 live Streightsof /!/.r:;fi7,/,.', which w.i', it exreiulstrom r.atl to Well 150 Leagues, and Irom North to South about 80 in the vvijefl Part , hut much lelb in all the reft. Tins lo.ne have laid is divided into many Illinds, but witii how good gnjuml d<K's not appear, only on the North fide ue iiiid a Piece cut otVby a narrow Chaiiia', wl'iili form- a fmall lliaiid and two Ways into tlie Streight C M.i\^ciLm. Again on the l.'.ail is mi-.ther liuall illaiid call'd .SVj/c;; L.md., dil(:ovei 'tl r.\ i.c .\I.i.,r, which with Jicri.i del fmgo f iUi, the btreiglit call'd of Lc A/.iitc, or i'. AVwce.M, thought bet- ter than Al.ik^ilUns ., as fooii leadm^; uito an open Sea ;, but that alio is neglefted ol lite, fiiice la- ter Diicoverers have found there is all along ,111 open PafTage into the Soutli Sea, without any Streight, by keeping more to the Suuihwarcl and avoiding all thole Iflands. Of this T'mr.i dil lit- f;?y, thol'e who have pafs'd the Streights tell us, that it is very Mountainous, but has many plea- faur Valleys water'd by abundance of Brooks and fiiuiU l^ivers, and full of Grafs and Trees. The Mountains are all Wooded and tlie Soil of them molt fandy, on a rocky Bottom. Tlie Country is extraordinary fubjed to Stormy V\inds, winch are generally Welt, and tho' it lies b-.t.veen 52 and 54 Degreesof Latitude, the Winter Cold is inurli inin'e iiuenle than in our Northern I'arts e(]ually diitaiit Iroin the Liiumodial. Lhe Na- tives arc naturally as white .is any h-uycpcvu., but thai they paint their bodies, and that roiitinua) rr.k'tice dilcokiurs their Skim. Their Stature isin- diU'erent and their liair black. The Men go (lark naked, and the Women only cover their Privi- ties very lligluly, (ouie of them wearing, a Skin oflbuie iSeait on their Backs, and it is wonder- ful they can fublill lo m luch a cold Climate. '1 heir Huts, are made of I'oles thick round in the Larihaiid meeting at the fop, like a Sugar- I o,;t, iunk two or three loot into the Ground, and cover'd with Laith. All their furniture is fome Baskets, Nets and Lines for I illung. Their Weapons are ijows and Arrows, or Darts, point- ed wall lliar|) stones, m- fioiKs, yvooden L lubs, Slings and Knives uurIl ol Ih.irp Stones. Their Caiiioes .lie maiie of the liark ol Trees, which they joyii together very iiigviiioull^. Lheyeat their t-lelli raw, and even th.i'. ot Men. Reli- gion jia^ not been dileover'd auu-rig them, nor any reiiular II I) o '1 n8 S. A M E R IC A, veguliii Vdnnof C'lovcrnment •, neither liavc tlicv ^iiV Icufc i)f Modcllv ill ri:j;.ii(i to .my of iliolL' lliii';;<i ill \vi:i(li \v.- tliiiik it cinircrn'cl. Within the Sti\M,.i,lu of M.iinl.'in, cfpi'diillv in thc\vidi.rt I'arr, where it is 7 or 8 I tM!',iicsovir, tliere are fever.i! lilaiicis, as thole of .S'. Lmiuhcc, ^". Srcpheii, or Binicvdt \ the Pot^iiin Ill;inds, lo GiU'tl from theMLi'titude of tl'.ofc Birds loiind in them, bcini; as large as Geefe and good Meat. Ik- fides which tliere .ire the Holy Kii'.f;?, theAiigtls, tlie P.iiii,i:,<:n.i, and feveral otiiers. Haviiit; paiVd tlie Strci^ts of /I /.'ijf /.'.«/, off ilie Northern Point on the South Sea, call'd (.'//■« ik h r.cioyia, lies a Parcel of very firall lllaiids, which the Sp'ni.i}JscM Lps I'vui^cHJl.u^ tlie/- r</ .;(■/<>/; -jand tlie r>iyJi/h,^]K S^.lia.'j •, and foat the Soiuliern I'.-mt tliere is aiiotlier Knot of tliem call'd t'.oi ^p.^lalis^ the Apoftlc?,hi!t hy the Dutch Sii^.iy ///tnd-. Turning; to the 'Nortluvard, tlie Continent of the Afh\c!!.i:iick 1 and forms a lari;e Fiiv, wherein are two larf;e lllands, and a vail Number of Gnall onc^, tliele lall have no Names known to us, nor any thin^^ cll'e wortli oblcr- viiia,. M.!(icde Drni^ the Motiicr of Cjod , by tlie Natives call'd (inUM.i, is the hip,t;er of thefe two Iflinds, near 40l.eai;ues in length, and 10 over in the widcll place, lies under 50 IJei^rees o( .South 1 atitade. Tlie Soil barren, llony ;ind wild, heir- ini;very little Giaiii, except lonie Ld.'.w VMi.Mt. The Trees look difiiial, beint; I'carie iver Green, througii cold and violent ftoriiiy\V'iiKU,and wants fitlli Water. Ti;e Natives barbarous, for the niofl part naked, and only coverin;,', their Privi- ties with Se.i Weed'', living inoiHy on I'lfli, .uid their choicei't Drink beint; the Oil prels'd from Sea Wolves, but ot late Ye.irs many of them have been covcrted by tlie 'jrjiiitj , and are very iii- clin.ible to embrace Chrillianity, as t'. del Tec ho informs us, who had it from tlie Jcfiiiti of Chile. The other leirer llUnd lies a little to the South- ward ol this, and diliersfro-n it in iiothm;;, only that It is not fo well inhabited, moll of t!ie otlicr little ones bcinj; quite Delart. .M'cendiiijj; llill Nortliwards to the Coaft of Chile, between 4; and 47 Degrees of South lati- tude lies t!ie yhchiiclje^ooiCuJoc, being anotlier l.iri;e liiy, the Soutliern Part of Culc forms, all ilrew'd with a Multitude of fmall lllauds, below delerviiig any particular rnention^ but without iliem, as it were a Barrier to defend them from t!ie bxith Sea is the great one of Cjj/i.r, 50 Leat!,iies ni 1 ength, and but 7 in Kreadth , beiiii', in tlie lliape ol an Arm bent, tho' moll ^lap^ make it a long Sijuare. It is all uneven. Mountainous, Woody and Maviliy , fubjeft to ixtr.iordiiiary Cold avc\ Kxceliive Rains, whicli lall tlie v/jatcit Part ol the Year •■, li) that it only products i-Ui iii W he.'.t, and l';ich other lorts (jf tiraiii, as require li alt .lull to ripen t!K;in. The Summer is inter- ! iipti.d b\ Uich lold Storms, that it di'Fers little fu-m Wuit.-r, ihoi'e Storms in Ai!:tlt hinder the npvinii^ot Iruit. The liarth it turii'd up abpaii (Itip, is all a red S.uuJ, lodry that itchoaksany Seed, and yet the Trees run up to luch avail Height, ih.it tliey cut I'eveial Lengths o( Boards o ;t of them, iuch is t!ie Carrennels, tha: they think tivtf tor one a gjod Increale, and molt of ilvi Growth coii!ilU in liid .w \.<,k>m^, llcjwevir Sheep, Cov.s, aid S.Nine live and iiicreaie well tiiouiji. On tic North i-jidof It, loine lew i/x- „ .lii/j, wiio :b;inerly cIcapM the l.ir-, ol t!ic A' vc iiii , when they rev.j'.ta', lailt a To-vi, whitii llill continue, and is .•onfKicr.ihly 'ncre.is'u, fince ilK'Siilidiungof thofe Ptop'e, having a i'odJ l-ort, where the Sp tm.ird' make a llnl't to iive well enouvji , With wiiat the IllanI ppwhioes and is brouglit tiieiii Iroiii the ("ontinuir. 'I lie Natives gon.iked, wealing only a lort of Net-work about tiieir Mitkl ^^j and ulc F.oats made ol three Boards lew'd tog tiler with a tliitk i'oid, and c.mik'd with the Hark ^^\ Trees, ileep'd ni Water. Si. fay del lul) I and Ov.iiie. Mi,ih.i III, lid I) III about ?8 Degrees of S'otii!i latitude, about 10 I ea-.'.ues, froii the Coali di" (.'/j;/c, and near tile l.iaie 1 eii;;th, inh.ihitedby t!ie N.itive-., and lone few lli.igliiuii/; ;';j.//^.,i It ,s, fruitful, ar.d ,it\.iuids 111 .^heep, Fowl, Iruit, ami other I'rovili nii. S!,:t.i Al.:i-i.i lies in ;- Degrees ! atiiude, % leagues fion tlie f '■■.dl ol A'.iiw in (.'-',7(, and dilfers ver\ little from the lall. But the fiih.ibi- t.intsol it formerly aie faid to liavc liad ("onirnu- nicitioii with the DcmI, and peitorm'd many a- hominable CLicmoiiksi at pielent they aicall ClirilliaiH. Next fillow the little lllands of ';'(;'.;/;,„ i,';.(',-i, being bl in Nuuiber,.iud their Tatitude ?4 Degrees South ■, tlien los /',/.\ »('.>, MtKiliuiics and SiA))i.!^ in about ;o ■, and in 26 S.^A^iibrfu and ^". ii- Llt!, all ol tliem very inroiirulerable. r:fi-.i li 111 2 Digrees 50 Minutes of South La- titude, being about 10 or 12 Leagues in Compais, formeily famous amung thi J>:di. in of the Con- tinent, as abounding in all Things neceflary for tlie liipport of Humane Life, and the Natives of it being rcckon'd cumimg Merchants and bolcl Soldiers. Several Ships are now built m it, to tiade along the Swuh Sea. C oyno/.i Vies in 3 Degrees of North Latitude, on the Coaft of Pop.iy.i/i, compar'd by tl'.ofc who have been on It to Mell, becauie the Thicknefsof the Woods and ClolL-uels of the High .Mountains produce an inhiiite_Multitude ol (tnats, which torment People, b.'fiJes it is Unhe.ikhy, liihied to Storms and Continual Rain-. The I'e.itl ljl.:i.d', \u c.iU'd, becaufe there was a Pearl filliery tliere, one at tiie Mouth of the Gulph of y',.v.. ;/«.!, Ill about 8 Degrees of North L.itltude, and about 20 in Number, but luuill, .11 d i"i;w noway confiderable liiK\ the Decay o\ the Pearl Tillicry. The ill.mds of .Vs/awf,/ he .ibout 1500 Leagues to the V\'ill of I.' ilia in I'cm^ extending from 7 to 12 Liegrees of South latitude. The chief of them .ire iS in Number, liiuie of them 300, lome rr.o, otliirs ICO, others 50 Leagues 111 Compafs, and others lei's. They are all molt delightful, exu- berant, rich and he.ilthy, and the Natives a Cour- teous peaceable .nid civili/.'d People, but there have been lolew Advv'iiturers to them, and their liay li) Ihort, that nothing can be laid in parti- cular of thole charining Places. Alv.iro dc iM.hd.in :, a Sp.mijh Commander, fail- ing lor the lllandi ot SAomon^ dilcover'il 4 ot!ier>, between g ar.d 10 Degrees of Lititude, locc Leagues I rom l^m.t , a 1 650 troin i\'cir->p.iu.y where he fays the J>iiii.i//.i or Natives were the beic lort of People that had been yet dilcover'd, but lur Shape and Compkxioii, like the A:i.c;ii.!/ii. l<etweeii the lllands ot.'>»("/nw/ and the Cai.iII of Pajt, mcluiing towards tliatot 0;./f, in i^' De- grees 1 atitudc and about 7CC' leagues from ilie t AaitiiRiit, li the Illand call'd ."i'. r.ti.i, of \>. Inch SOVTHGliN AMERICA 519 'A'e have no other Arfoivr. Thcfc arc i'.H the whicli conclude iht Defcription of diat Part o| ill.iiKis we can t'.iid 'lolor.;; ro Snutli jimcrka , tlic World. N A V I u A r O R S rouiul tl-.'J G L H H of tlic EARTH- IT :r/.v !'or ?c ixpr i\rPi'rV?.ps tot.ik." fi'mf li'.Mce oft!', vrii'csp.i! N.r'it'.^itor* tli:-:;n;:dc I;i^roveric^ r-.'.'.v;!v:! r'-f Southern Pivf-, r>('the fjl^jbe, both S^'UthUaft anil South-VW!",-. Th;- (irfl ot'tbcl": Wa'- rcJIri.:!.-^ Ac M:^.':lh;:.-.r,r Atu frll;, ., .1 I'ornu; !':r.' ('icniU'nii.n, wlio u.,t bciiij^ C.'slif ihi/iU'Jit) luiriricntl-. riif',.iirp':','d b\ !iisM.i- /ler Kiii;; i.„t.!i:::il^ "I'p')''' bimlVlf to rl'c f'i.;iri (,t' C'.itilv^ and ('!'r)iM'\l ol the I'.nnpcrwr CIrrle < V. five Ship- well liiniilhi' -.viih lU'cefTlirv I'r-vifions, and 250 Men. Thci..' i^t l.iil tro;n S.-iH, ^-Im,. ic. i"ji9. And at fn ll c.ul -.iVi.iiring to ;"rci a l-'iifla^^t throi';',h tlicjM-c.it River v.( I'hiu, were obi h.'d iv, Winter in r'n-t>'. Y////.:.'.',bMt aftirward ih.','!'ap- pily fail'd tlnoUo'i that iauiuii-: siui!.;hc lalld tlie A i.' it II "I UK Trcnn ti'.e Inventor's Name, and lb pafs'd from the /hlwtitl: nitotlie V uijuk Orean, and fail'd I'ailw.iid as far a^ the Ifl.;iidj</(; lus Li- ilioiic:^ or «/ 7';.£W.', where ioine fay, Mii-ellau hiinfelf wa-i poilon'd •, but accordinj.; to oiliers, he periOi'd in .in baiR:'iV'"'-"t •''■ '1^-''"', oneofthe j^/j////'/)./;f lllands.after lie hail inbdn'd that of r< /'..', in i^io. Mii-viver, one <-! !ils Sli'ps bavins', I. .'.I'd round t!;e Citol^c, lau-e by il'e /A ',■,■£(. I's and C:pc rf (•'■r,i ;i,;c^ and a; kr,j,;li arriv'd t.i:caC.''i;'/7, .SV,')/. H. !v:.'. 'In the Year i 52';, Circ'..: .■>.: I.i.t\ft^ a Sp.ini.:):\ cntred intoti'.e ia.i.e Strii^lir, uivin^'. Names to I'c- vera! I'laee'^', aid was follow'd bv S.not! dc ,•//(.<- ;^c:/.', in ii?4. .Afterward three Shipi were eijuip- ped by the order of the C-lhop of I I.Kd.i.i^ in i<i59, andi'iteiifth-in !;ot tliroa.'Ji the Strei^;l',t to ylru.i^ a I'ovl ot Peru. On the 1 Inneen'-b of i\'arc/.'.!>e, 1 577, Sir /r.i/.'- ri< jy.iic wul'i t'lveShiiK, and l64SLa;ritn, let ont fi.r'.n. I'I'ifCMij, and havi:::',feiii back tw'o of them as linpedunenls, palletl the yl/. ,i;<7/.7/Strt.ii;hisoii- Iv with t!)vee, aiil cn'er'd into the I'aciiitkSea, .iiere llivfe Slnpi were dii'pers'd bv a vioKnt Storm, a"d one ol them was never he.ird of af- ter i nevcrthclels i')-4T continued tailing alonii the C^oalts of I e-'if, A'nv .'';•■'.>', y'hxuo, C.il:t,-- /ii.t, and other I'arts o( yl„ cnt\!, ai.d took feve- ral Sp.ii:li> \ edVU rulil\ laden clin uij', tins famous Vu\.!'.;,e round the V\orld, which he finillied wiili- iii tlie'lpace ot liiree Years, leturnii.^ by the / aji- liuiics and dpi c / (jo<„1 //. ; • to t!ie ( "oalls ot /-z,^- Ijiul, where he arriv'd mi A'/jimio- 3d. iiiSo. In the mean while (..■aptaiii> .'..v if'-A-fo- havin;', been Iqiaratid fioin Su' /•'■.;«(/.', np"ii their liiilraiite into the South-Sea, was driven b.ick a!'...iii into the Streightijf Al.ui,iiliw^ whicli he ri.paK'd, and was the tirli that (ail'd thnnikili tins r.iilj.'.e trom iW-l\ii.:nk iiuo the .'iW,i<.f/(.A' Ocean. Tlie third rompalier of the World was //.'."/?;.()■ Cnnl'Jh Ffq', w'ho let out in 15S6, .ntd very for- tunately hi;illi'd that Coiirle ni two Years and two Months i 111 the carry ini; on of which, both yl/.i^< .'/.;/.' anu Sii t .na-.i iJi.tkc had ipent tiirec wliole Years. 1 he lame reiio'iVn'tl N.ivi^ator pais'd the A:.ii\(::.iiiuk Strei^'iis a letoiid time in ij.yi, but d ed in this ai'^ \ o;,a.^e. In 50^ Sir .' 1 1' : //.i|.e;.v,i laii'd or a loiu; while in li" hi of 1 1 ; 1 J Ji, .lii: , ill the 1 atitude ott"i;\- , De. ixe;, ..n I. ii>. gllthe Streii;h tb'jt M'- Sfl'-iii t!ie next Y'ear , and was at laft taken by the >'p..!!i:r/ls^ after a lliarp Fiiilit, on the Coafts of Per:'. Th; f ,!;rtli Circiiin navit'.ation of theGlobe,w'as f'rKTin'c! by Olivrr A'oorr, or A'jnit, a Holhn- ^'', hi» chief Piiiit beiiij; Captain Mdtf, an Ens.- lijhi'iw., who had accompanied Mr. C\ind:fl) in his ^'ovage. 'Iliis I\loo,t llecr'd much the fame Courfe With .■yf:iv,cll.in , /)ij(f J .M(.\CinAiJ/j, and fpent three Years in cucc iipallnig the Rarth. About the fame time alle-, iIk: Drnli Heet under Sir James yif.ihe, Sinni: dc (.'o.dc!, Seb.dr de IV.trrr, &c. W'liiri'n Willi. tin AiImiis wa? chief Pilot, fufFtr'd Srcat Ii'.convenieiicies in rhefe Streights. They diriowr'd Stb.iidi liks, and a Oulpii calld by them Ci'yeni li.:y,\n 54 Uei;rccs Latitude. In 1614, CUnrgeSpilbcii^^, Commander in Chief of another Dr.tcb fleet of fix Ships, fail'd through the Streii^lits of Afu\i!l<iii, and the South Sea, to the kiijl- Indies^ iind came back Iroin tlicnce by the Cipi- of i'f'.ui Hopi, to the Tixil, after haviiii^ b;en out near tlircc Years, and finiHi'd the fifth Cir- ciim n.ivii'.ation ot tlie World. In 16c y and 1610, Pi'd/o l't>>?Mid(i. Oiras., ii rorntt^ntjc., and Fndiii nid de i^ii, a Spwiard, (as they both alfirin) fail'd at feveral times about 800 1 ea,';ucs together on the Coafts of a Southern Con- tinent, to the height of the 15 Dep,reeofSouthLati- tude:,where they met with a very fruitful, pleafant and populous Country. This vaft Traft of Land maybe perhaps liime part of ."/.''^iw T.ijfi,en\ Land, \ an jD,f/;jr;;'s Land, New Zeatatid., New Holland, NcwCii-peiir.vi.i., and Nnv C'liine.t , W'hich were difcover'd and coafted by the Dutch , who gave Names to many Hays, Rivers, and Capes here- abouts, in the Years 1619, 1622, 1617, 1628, 1641, and 1644, from the liqumoftial Line, as tar as the 44th. ne,;rce of South Latitude. And indeed the Hdimda > iiave macle the greateftDif- coveries toward the South I'trra wcpf^nit.t, but Itave publilh'd very little concerning their Expe- ditions in thole Parts. Ill 1615, \lili:.:in Cuiiitliiis Scho:ite» oi Horn , and J.ui.ble A/.iite of Amjicrdam ., encoinpals'd thedlolie a I'lxth time, dilcovering a new En- tiance Southward from the Streiglits of A/i/^cZ/.w into tlie South-Sea, by Cape tJon:., m the 57 De- gree of Soutli latitude , which PafTagehas been ever fince known by the Name ot l.e A/.tire's Streiglit. This was an important Difcovery and is now made nie of to good Advantage, for where- as i!ie Streight of AiM'tll:i>i is long, in foine Parts narrow, in otiiers Ihoal, and throughout uneven by realon of the many VVindings, and the Capes and Points of Laud in it, all which renderd the Navigation of it ditficult and uncertain. Now that we are acquainted with the Extent of Tiora dti hiiq^o , anil ihid that it reaches not too far Sontlivvard to be eiicompalled, the ilicrt Strcight of l.c Afinrc whicli lies between the South-eall Po\\\zo( 'imr. I Ji.! fiiti^o and a imall Illaiid, is lo eafi'v pais'd th.it th.i encreaie of the \o\age by failiii;; round that Continent is a inuchlels incon- venience than what the Ships futfer'd in palling tliioagh tile I'll,; St;-eij;ht ot .1. ■.;_./.',•■.;«, and accor- din-ily ll M^ M{ ■ ■■. 1 ill •; (■ ^ .':m III SOVJHEHN AM li lilt J. <lin?,lv the 't''!;'-- now a days make ritlicr tliiir Sireig'ir, of rlic i)ilicr<i|/V*-tt;(n'ri-,wliii''i lu-s m.ix.: to the F. ift, hft'.vccii tlit- h\w liiwll IIL.ti'.l ;ind a main 1 and denomimtccl fvnm rhe (ann- Broimer. l.e .M.tifc i;n(iH-.\l Na'Pi"; mi fcvcral IllancU aiul Countries', ami havinfj liunt two Year's and cii^li- ti\n Days ni this \'ovii;e n.tnrn'(l In the F.ifl- Indies to thll.wd. Afterwards in 1618, a 5/)./- nip) f left under the Coiidiidl of H.irtolome O'.v- fit de Ndd.il , r.iii'd tlinnii'Ji Le Mairt'^ Streiftht. And in i6in,part of I'rince Af.iiirice''i Flc^r iK-ef'd thenure Courfc, dilcoveringluine fmall lllandsin their l>airii;e. In 1642, Abe! JnnfenT-ifinan, a HoU.inde;; made a very remarkable \'ova;;e toward the South 7f/-- y.i Incngiiiti. And i\i 164^, Captain liieivtr^ or firoiiwcr, fonnd out a new wav into the Scuth-Sca, byaPa(rai;eiall'd after his own Name, lyiM|;Kall of I.e At.iiic\ Stieii;ht. Hiit in ifx'iij. that fa- mous Navip,ator and valiant Commander '^wJoLiii Narboioiigi)^ having rereiv'd a Coinniiliion from K'mg Chirks W. to make a better Difrovery of tliefe Parts, more efpecialiy of tlie Country of Chile, let i>:tt witli two Ships, vi:.. the Swccp- Jiikis and Biuijel !>,:>■ ri>ik\ ilie former of jco Tuns burthen, and theoth^r of 70, and return'd in 1671, aftei- having fpent above two Years in palling', and re-pallnii; the Strei^Iit of Maxell, 111, and failint', alon^^ the Coafls of Pat.igotii.i and Gjilc^ whofe Oblervacions and I)raui!,hts Inice piiblilli'd are moiV judicious a\id accurate. In i6Soand 1681, Captain .SVj.ji/) rambl'd over rlie South- '^ea, fleer U14 one wliile near 800 l-e,',:;ues to iheEalivvard, and at another time as many to tii-^V'jIl'.v.ird ■, and be.tt'n^ diout manv 'ilaud* and Coall< : Hut in Ins return iMt ben'j; able ro rerrvi r ilu' 'itrei',t» iif .J/;, (•/.'•• . nri'Mie of /• Miirr, or H'Oim-er, he ^^as co'iilraui'cl to ('■ I'k f'Jt anew I'aTh^e firther Si'Utli tbri bv Cane /■/(>. -7, •md laii'd ti. ilie 60 tVj;ree of Sonth faluude, whire in depirtiu', friiin a fiiiill pi.'ce e.iil'J by liiiii the ^ Ihi'i.r of Vi,rk'> I'Im.'J, he uiet wiih abuii- danieof Ice, S'low, l-ro(l, aid V\'lM!es V'd Cuv no land fir hree Mouths to;;i.',!Kr, till In- arn- v.d at the Ill,:'d oi /> i,l:i !■■(<. Suice rt:e!e At tempts, diver:, i'l'yj //> '-liips Iiaee pals'd m leverril Otcafionsinto iheSoutJi-Sea, hoth!>y tf.e .'//i;i7- l.i'ii/; Strei^hts, and by the -ioiith of Cape //j/o. Anion;; which that w!\rein Mr, :''//''/ (/,■,• Du-.p'er travcird, in the Years H'S-f , 1685, and 1686, (ailed round tlie 'I'i.n.i dtl /'./c » liy (Tape //i,' n, and pafs'd all alon*; tlie Coallsof P.it.ip^oi/:.:, (I'ile^ Pfrn^Tir,;-.!- 1-]> >K.i,A fixitr,m(.\ even to tlielleii^ht ofCilifcriii.i, whence they ri.n;.-! hvt fothe/«i- di-ores and PLil:pp:f:i llLuuis, and lo came home to Fi^i^md by thj Cipe of Go 'hi Hope. None that ever failed this Courfe have kVm<: \\n\^ Service to future Navii!,ators as that inadiiMits Psribn ■, for in the Relation of tliis \'ov,;i;e wliieh he prniied, all iliofe Coalh are fo planily deurib'd, the lii- titudes and Loni^itudes IIj txailly letdown, the Tides,Currents, Trade-Wnicky'-v. lo jucicioullv and (ui all probabilit'v) faithfully L'jven an Ac- count of, t.hat his W'lrk would be of inetli- mahle \'a'ue, if the '^tate of AtVairj ever happen to be i'ucli tliat our Nation may have Oecalioa to Navij'ate thole Seas. C O U N- w COUNTRIES ABOUT The P O L E S, North and South. fEftotiland. Groeiiland. I Nova-Zemblii. I. Arftick, orj Spitsberg. Northern, j Terra cle JelTIj. I New-Denmark. I New North- Wales. LIfles of Cumberland. 2. Antarflick, 'Nova-Guinea. Kits of'Soloinon, S./fablc, S.jorfie, riIorn^Ct:coi,Mot:cbe!^Sii>is- Ifles,.' fo>rd,Pntiie-lVillijw,Good L bopeJraitors^Middkbcrg. or Souther.'.!'! .l^lcvcn thouCnd Virgins. I Icrrc del Kia, orFuoga. I Stotcland. Hermit's Ule. I Diego Ramires Ifle. A-King's-lllc. rCarpentcrv. The Country of Viemens. ' \Port h. J.tiiics. Ouiri. IcriaAnjliaht'^ Tne Country of Fro-^cn. The Country of I'lin-oLiti: [ The Country of Pa>rot:. 1 Tlie Kingdom of Bach, I The Kingdom of Luciit. l Tlie Kingdom of A/alenrr. IrllC^nil.l. New- Holland , in Si.s Parts. Country of Lcwcnnai, Country of 1 dels. (.Country of Nniis. Country ot' Concord, Dc il''it'i Land. Country of Anient. BY the Countries about the Poles [ undcr- ftand not only the Countries that he near the Poles, hut alio thofe Iflands and Pen- mfhU lying over againft the old and new Conti- nent, that have been lately dilcovcred ■, which I lliall divide into the ArOick or Northern, and Antarftick or Southern, as they arc fet down in this Table, ziz.. S E C T. I. T/je Ardlick, or Northern Countries. I call by the name of the Artkk Countries all thofe Regions, which lie toward the Northern or yhihci Pole, wliith are newly difrovered 1 heir Situation isalmoll all in the Frigid or Cold /.one. The Extent ot them is fo irregular tliut Iknow not how to write any tiling of that Tis enough , Tliat they are dilcovcred, and to let down the Names by which the Natives cdl them , as we liave them from divers Travellers thitiier. Nevcrthelefs we may defcribe their Bounds which part them in our Upper Hemi- Iphere, from A'/i/Jtovy and T.irt.try by the Fro- zeii-fea; and in the other Memifphcre by the South-lea, Chriflian-lea, and ///wyw/VStrei^'hts which leparate them from tlie Northern Aiucraa ' According to our laft Relations, the Air is cxtrc.imly cold ■, the Sun appears but litt'e in Icveral places lor the greatcll part of the Year • but in iome places more, in lome lei's accord- ini'. to tik'ir diRaiice from the /tf|uator. In ce- neral it may be laid of them. They have much u Vv'l'''^^ Meailows, main Forclb, whe-'e the Inhiibitants maintain a great Number of Healls ■, That they live in Iome of the Countries upon Hunting and Filhing^ That they have no Corn nor \V,iie. All the Country is Illands and Pe>n,iji:Lt. They have divers (brts of Bealls el'pe- ciaily Ikars, Foxes and Ueer. Hiidjhi 'n.rjn and hobifljcr\ Streiuhts aic in tins Lower Hemi- Ipherei fo called, Wcuxk (iavm^WiHonghby F,:- lilher, D.ivis, Undjoa , and Iome ocher EiUilh- >m>!, dilcover'd 'em, ciidcavouruig to tind a Paf- l.ige that VVay to tlie A',.// - //;./, n • as the D,„ch did, by theSire,ghtsoi;/-;,j,^.vfyo.- .--^.,/;, which are on the North of our Coiitin- w. ■, , „t both to no purpole, haaiile of the coi;:., „„1 Ice which hindrccl tlieir Sailing, and prevents all Navi^a- tion, be;^ind the 8o Degr. of Latitudw I ho^it be laid, That Iome J)nnh Pilots went to the 88 I)egiee, and found a Padage towards c;;/,v,; i that Pallage isuiiMiown to the other Nations of' tayopr who make ordinarily hut three \ oyagcs towards the North : i. To ^, ./.,.,,/ i„ Ip' or Furrs 2. To >psijheyg in 6; «,;/.;«:/, foj HerrinS ^"'^" ^' ^"'"'■'•^'' '"'' ^^'^^'i ^ncl Howjva-, it may not be, imin-op.r here to give a brat Account of the icvcial NavaMtions Hud Dilcoveries made toward the Northealf and ^ ' '■ North- ijf n- Comtrici aLuHt the ^P L E S. Nortli-weft ^ i^i, Nav:i Zembl.i , North call CirffnJ.i/hl or Sl'itibere ,in(| North will (irerii- ii/iJ, ciimiii'Milv laird (iy('CiiUn(.l ami /.;.'i;»'*/,.'-- Ami^. The firft Dil'cowrv "I'thefe Cinniriies, i, owint" to an Acritleiit ■, for in i ^8n, A''( (V>/.f f .ind j4t!tnii\i /..mi, two HroCii.is anil rii ii Citi/ms of feniie, haviui', let Sail (Void ihe Strci^'.ht (-1 Ci- brill. ir i\,r llwileii and l-iiyj.nid, wcie .nciilcii- tally driven Nurtlnvardi hv violent Ston i, even a far as Friedsnd, ht! mil and (iiooil.t hut ill 1497, 'I'lhn Cd'ot and ScbiJ)i.'>i Iiis Son ul ilic (iime Narion rffciveJ a (ionmiliion from our King Henry \\K to undertake the like Wi^a^e, who made a Uraii 'Jit and Defcriptu;!! of limit: Nortli well I'artsof W.v/f''(.', and brought a!' .in', with thein foiiri^f the Native?. Ihefe Uilioverieii i^avc rile to 11 (-"roitft of fittrl- ini^ out a nearer i'allaiie that way to tlie /;)//• liiiiic! \ wliicli wa'i atteinpteil many times, but witliout fiiccv'jV. A lliort Account of thole \o'j- agcsis a^ lolliiw^. Sir Hii.'li \Vi!hi4^UI<\' \v,(<i th-' firft tliat ."rcinpt- ed to diliover a AOKl'll I AST K.lla.'.e into tlie //idifs ; and to tliat purpole let out vviili t'lreel.ul of Ships inthe Year 155;. It is very probable that ho landed on i\':j-j.t /.cinhl t and iirctiil md \ but we Iiave no Memoirs of thi> Nnya^;?, except certain l;:ort and imperfiift Notes winili were taken ot)" from hisTable after liis Deatli •, whetein itiscx- rref-'d, Tliat the !!eet iindei Ins Coninaud part- ed from Siniicn, whith lie-, on the ' "oaii ot .\'o> ■ n.t\ in 70 Dei;, of Nortli I at. on the fetond day ' 1 Ait!,:is1 : That on the fourteenth lliey were above lOo I e,i;'ues fro;n the liune place tu the Noitheall, aiici (oiuiiiu'd I'ailini', until >^ip!iinlnr 14. wlieii tlieyt.iinc altioar ona hit;h, ruckvantl dclait Country ^ from whence the Cold and lie f ;ic'd them to return more Southerly, wimli they did till they reach'd a River in L.t;l.i^id calld Arz.iii.i, wliere, hi, tiie rontiiui;inceol foul \\ i-a- t!!cr tliev v.ere ilmt up in ilte Harbour, and the next Spring were all luund frozen to deatli in t!ieir_Ship. A few Years after this Mi>fortunc, vi:.. about 1^56, one Captain S'lpU'/i H/rn-o.wJjs., I'.mieiime Ciiipcroller of the Navy to Qiieen Hii..tbcth, j-rolccutiui.', the lame Deli^n , pals'd the North Cape, and lailiiii; farther li;ilUvard, difcovcr'd tlic U'<ixi.ii.t , or Streii^lit that raiii between the ■^'outli part of A'rj.i Ziii:i'Lt and the Country of •lie Sti>/iiiicd) :, thus, roiitinuiii.; hit> Courfe , lie .'.rriv'd in 112 De^;. ;> Mm. of l<jn4itude, and 70 of Northern Latitude. Afterward he lail'd t> So Deg. II Mm. latitude, and return'd titencc to X.r.'.i Ztiiihl i\ havirj^ cruis'd (as is Keds, 1 he Ships romp.my e\r!i ini;'d Toys with tlicle i.'uttvej fjr Sal-non and oth.r Filli , .md bri>ci;!it hoi::e certain N'arcjilites, winch (virct.i ken (or ( : )ld oir \ but alter thes Iwd made a tnoi ^ cx.ift fcarrh t!:.- iiiXt Year, with a di(i:;n to car ry .iwav acjuantitv thereof, it prov'd to be no- thing, but bl.ick 1 cad. At t!;.' lame time thev (ound a Silver-.Miiie, wliicli iieverthelels |.i\ |,, deep within iheKwik>, that it could lu/t be thii; -, a«ailoadcad Ulii abtmt liFoit luny, fimewhic refemblina a /Vp/j in Ihape. It h.ul a llom firowini', iHit of itsSiuut (ol' t!ie fame Nature;:, thole lomiP' inly call'il Unicorns Morns) winch is llill prelerv'd in a KepoliiMvy at (/7«,/yi/i-, and is iw hi<)t in IcPj'.th. I 1 1^78 the lame Sir M :ri.,i undertook his third ''i'oyai;e,wherein,|iavin:4 pals'd its far Hs leem'd cunvenicnt to linn, he toiik I'lMrcl- liiiiMil the Tand in the NaukVil tiiiccn tU.\,ibith^ M\<.\ c.ill'd It Mitti Itic-jy/iiiii. In the Ye.it 1580, Ai'uin- Pitt aiidtAit/o y.iil://:.i/j Iiaviin; receiv d a ( 'iMiiiiiiliion from Queen J-.tii-iifih Ul Ii'IIdw the Track of Sn-jiue/t Hm,- toHfli.', raaihUd ovei t!ie Nv)rt!iern Seas, and in all likelih>)od landed \\\ CireMHMiJ :, but there is iiolhiiij.^ purtuulai Is kill 'Wn concernini; tIieir\'oy- a54e, except that they pals'd the Streit'Jits of ir.<y- p Hi ,i;id lauiulrd into th^- Dceaii to thel-^alhvard, wlitie, ineetiiii', w itli vali he.ip-uf liv, ihe\ were (onllrain'd to return with ^reat I'eril and La- bour ^ iiirniiiuch, that tticy L>lt one another by realon ol the fml Weather, and I'ett was never inard uf after. Ill isHj, Sir llnmpl'rcyCdbcrt, by the direction of Sir /-'/■wci^ M'.iljw^h.iin., I'riniipal Seiret.iry of St.ite, fiil d upon the fune 0:11(^11, to AVii'/b/W- /./-';./ and the f;re,it River of St. L.iwrcmc' i:.id 1., tviok I'oil'ellion of the (Country in th of (Ji_;iecii l.lii,.iiicih, and fettled a lilhir there. This N'ovage wasm.ide upon ruj;f^i....oii of a certain OVci'^' ;\iariiier,who pofuively .irHrm'il to lone /"w.^/.y/'t K-ntle nen, That himlell had pafs'd throufji a t'.reat Sireiftht to the North of F.rg ni.t from tlie North-well Ocean, and oHa'd to be Pi- lot tor tlie Difcovery , but died before he came into i.,Jt/id. In 1585, Mr.Jclvi D.ivis haviiij; undertaken v/ith two Marks to fearch out the North weft Co.iils, made farther Ijilcovcrics m tliole I'arts, and nain'd the Land he cauie to, C.ipf lhj,ihrio>: beln^ a Part ot (Jiaeid.md \ where he found nia- ny pieces of iurr and Wool lil.o Ki.'aver, and exch 1111','d fomc Commodities \< ith the Natives, wlio often repair'd to bun in tlirir Canoes brlni^- w\t, St.!|i-5kiiis,white 1 !ares,{mall • ^odjMulcles,^-. Alterward he arrived in the Latiuuk- of 04 Oct;. moll probabk-) on the Coalls of O/erw/.W ^ ihice 15 Miii- where was f'und a i',!fat quantity lie makes mention of the de;ol,i.te Country, the I'iue Ice, and lireat Nuuibcrs of various i-owl tlicreahcr.u's. The full i'erlon whole Name we tind Celebra- ted 111 liiilory for endeavourin.', to fearch out a '.'■■>/; /■/.' iVlSi P.i!lay.e mto G'j,*/,», was Sir M.ir- : . /. -i'. .■,. e , w ho, in three fevcral \ oyay,es> made i.ivti, niriy Oilcoveries of lar.^e Liays, Streijjhts, l!iaiid=. Capes, '.,-c. and iinpo-'.t on tlk-.n ciilfe- reiit NaiPcs. In t!ic Year i^'/(i, arriving with two Barks at the h.eii^lii of Oi Ue^. North ! i.'-.tude, hediicover'd a <;reat Inlet, fiiiCe call'd i'"/?/-/, . '^ Sireii^hts, and Lul'd into ii 60 Leahies, v,:t!i iiuiin 1 and on e.ich lide. Me met with lii- iubitants .doiig tlie Coails, whole Canoes or hi- ';. Hoati were m.-ide of Seal skins, but had Wijoden - - J, — ,- , ol ludi Oar as h',obiJhtr had before broui;lit into i.ii.l.md\ and (Icer'd tlieiice to 6f) LV^^. 40 .Min. as far as Mount MiUi^h, l^n-n'.- j ■it,id,6:c. In iiS'6 lie made a lecond \'oya;e to the fame Co.viU, fearchiiu', out many pLn es toward the Welti and tbe next Year,'in a third Voyage, came to 7; LVi',. 12 Mm. the ('omp.i'.s varyin/, to Si Div,- \\eihvard. Pc give the N.t:ne oi l.i'.aiuii-Ci.ist to the I and , . nd tbe Strei»i,';r ( bein^ 40 leagues wide) was iio;u hnn calVd feir,i: ii.ivi' Tl-iis the h.jijh Nation alone, for a "ong time, frei;uentcd thole Nordiern Seas till 157S, thai a iJutO) Ship Came to Kd.i in Lipii'iJ , and a Ye. r or two after another to St. N.cbd.:<, by ill. iiillit!,ati.,ii ol an /,';,/,//■ Man who fet him- f:!l' Countries about the T L E S. ^^t I Tciv. wUh • Filli , .iikI icli wti'c t.i made amoic i^l'nn ti>rar d to hi m>- • tiipv." thcv Ik-IcI's 1.i\ 111 Hut be clll:', ', ;, liiiiiL-wliuC li.icl a I loin If Nature ;i» in) wludi IS iiijjy, and ji i Sir M ■,rljt liiiviiv^pifs'tl :t(»>kl''oirct 111 t'li-:.iliah, and <■ 'j " /« > itVoni Queen Sujiueii 11/41 ■ H';»s , and in liut there is iii;iIieir\'ov- ,;lu'.ul")('.jy- lieK.iilwarJ, e, ilie^ were evil and I. a le another by :/( wai ncvci" thcdirce'^iiMi Secretary of to i^'ewjoiuni- iXtrcncc' ^ u) til lilhii' 1)11 lugj^t....)!! ively artirin'd ell had pa:Vd of F.rg /li.i W to be I'i- ore he came undertaken North weft tliol'e I'art^, \p! Dcjiil "loi:, iie found nia- l^eavcr, and . the Native>, Canoes brin^- ^NUilc'.esyi-.-. of 04 Dei;, iuantitv oi br'>ui;!it into Det;. 40 Mill. ■lut'l, ike. In . . tlie fame toward t!ic ;hlrd So^at^e, iiipa'.b varvni/, the Nime ui the Streu','it (ill h;;ii call'd .n- a "oiig time, U 157S, thai jpi.iiicl , and a N.chnl.:^., by let him to fclf aftainfl the Company of Ru^m Merchants •, whereupon the Hollandcvf crept in more and more, and in i5V4> lent MV/i/jw/Wwn, a skilful Na- vigator, anci fomeothcis, to find out a Partlige from thence to the Indus. Ill 1^96 the fame WilUam F.irnits, accornpa- nied with two other Dutch Pilots, vti. j.icob Heemikhkavd 'John Conieliui R)/p,(\r(k difcover'd Btar or Cherry Jjlmd, and pafi'd from thence to (irefi,l.i>id\ but Rcnents being feparatcd from ihcm , lail'd alunii the Coafts of Nova Zembli fo the 76 Dejirce ot I atitudc. until at length his Ship was driven afliore, and broke in pieces by tlie lie, fo that all the Mariners were com- pcird to Winter there, and endur'd the utmoll extremity of Clold. Afterward withmuchdiffi- culty, in two Hoati thev p,ot to KoLt in I.aplami :, but William Birenti died before their Arrival, to the p,reat f jricf of the whole Company. In i60} Stephen Renntt was employe!, but went no fartlier than Oerry l/hnd., anci broU{;ht from thciicc a certain (juaiitity of Lead Oar. In 1608, that famous Niivi^',att;r Mr. Henry Hwlfo/ij was lent forth to difcover the North I'ole, and lail'd even to llie 8i IXgree of North liititude ■■, but bein(; fatistV'' that there was no Nortli Eai\- I'alTaiie, lie was appointed to make the like trial in the Norlli-Wett Seas. Therefore in ifiiohe let fnil ai.',ani, .iiid proceeded too Leafjucs farther than any had done before, and gave feveral IJe- nominations to certain 5'laees, as J)efire pruvoLc, Ijlt ef Ciod's Aleicies., Prince Henry'i C.ipe, Kinn, J(t/'.t\ C.ipe y iJueen Ami's Cap-., &:c. btfidesllic Stieit^ht and Bay that Hill bear his Name. Hut tlie Ice hinder'd him froin continuing his Courfo farther, and the Sedition of his Men uom return- ing home. In 1611 Sir Thomas Buttan, Servant to Hemy I'rince of K'j/fi, vkhAl Son of King Jiiwcs I. being cnjoyn'd by that renowned young Prince to piiriii;- the North Weil Uil'coveries , pals'd thi\iL;!i //«.'T/u;,'i Streight :, and failing above .'.co 1 .allies to the South-W'cflward over a Sea above Sl) ^al!Hl^l deep, difcover'd a large Continent, i.iU'd b\ bun AVif l.'';/fj. Afterward, liavini^ endur'd i;veat l-atigues in his wintering at Port Xrllir., notwit':!landnn\ the lols of many of liis .Vi.r, iie leunh'd out the whole Bay, which is 1;, v\ Known by his Name, even back again almoll to /y'(i'^:f'> H'lard, aid found out the large Traft ol 1 iiid whKh hi naiii'd C.i)y\ S.raiis A'tjf. More- ova in the Vt.irs l6li, 1O15, 1616, James tl.iH, and ll':.'ii.J»i /l:itji;i , proceeded mudi farther in i.K- North welt I'artb, and impos'd Names on di- vers Places dilcover'd by tliem , befides that the / 'i,.:,lijij N'erihaiits perceiving thele Northern \'oy- i-jes to be very profiiab'.e by realon «f the great (,'.:an:u\ of rich Furs th.it were brought thence, ciureas'd the number of their Shipping to thirteen or fourteen yearly, under the Conduil of Poulc, i-^ti-'trh , hdge , ' ^'iy ■, and otlier skiltul Pilots, liom ul.uiii Itveral Sounds, Bays, Prouiunto- rie>,C-(. have receiv'd their relpci'tive Names In tlie meiin while tlie King of Detimark ob- feivnii; the Progrcis of the neighbouring Na- tuins 111 thefe Nortliern Seas, began to confidcr that the Trallick of his own might be umch advani'd by the like Difcoveries, being alio ddi- rous to renew his ancient PreteiUions to thele C<junlries, in cafe any thing IlioukI be louiid out worth the claiming. Therelove he caub'd two Ships and a I'lniiace to be fitted out in Wi'iO the Year 160^. Of thefe , Captain John Cum ninKh.mt, a Scr was Admiral •, Hodske l.imUn.ivPt a D.i/ii'/ Nobleman was Nice Admiral, and the chief Pilots were J.imes Hill and John Kmnhft hn/itifhmen. (iodiie arriving on fome part of the Country, barter'd fome fmall Wares with the Natives, took two of them, and return'd to Dcnni.irk. The other two VelTels came ta Cape F.trervell., fail'd from thence to Frobifl/er'i Streights, gave DaniJ/i Names to certain Pla- ces, fei/.'d on three of the Inhabitants, and at Cnntiitigham's l-ord met with a kind of Silver Mine , which was afterwards try'd by the Eng- lifo , and found to be of no Value, in 1606, four Ships and a Pinnace were fent thither un- der the fame Codske Linden.m Admiral , and lames Hill Pilot-Cjeneral , wh.o brought away five of the Natives. In 1607 James tlalL re- ceiv'd a new Cuiiimilllbn ^ but the Sea-men mc- titling as foon as they made the Coall, brought: the Ship liack again into Denmark , without ellefliiig any thing. However , his Dani/fs Ma- lerty let out two other Ships mann'd with A'ar- 21'i^ian and lliLndiJh Mariners, and command- ed by Chrii'han Ruhardfvn, a Halfieiner; but tliefe returned before they came in view of the Shore. The rell of their Expeditions are un- known until yin. 1619, wlicn John Aiiinck was lent out with two SInps, which ariiv'd lafe at Cape /•■<// circ//, from thence tliu Pilot Iker'd to 6? Degree o Miii. (as it is probable near Digt'c\ Iliancl ) and winter'd there, calling the Place Alii/iik'i U'lniiT Harbour , and the Con- tinent A'civ 1' /liar I:. The South-part oi Hud jmi'i Bay lie ukewife nain'd Aiare novum .^ and that part toward GrocnlanA, Mare Chriflianum. liut of all his (Company, which confilled of forty fix in a Ship, and Sixteen in a Pinnace, fcarce lo many were left alive, as were able to bring tlie Pinnace through extream Danger to their own Country. However, in the Year 1653, Frederick HI. King of Denmark, refol- viiig to advance the Northern Difcoveries, caus'd three Ships to be fitted out with skilful Ma- nners, enjoyning them to take a mofl cxaft Account of all the Coafts and Places where they arriv'd. Thele having pafs'd the Strejght oi \Vay.\.its ., met with fome Inhabitants o( No- va Zenibla in their Canoes or little Fifhing- Boats , and lleer'd from thence to Greenland, Thefe p.irticular Adventures are contain'd in the i'niiih Relations of the Danijh Voyages publilb'd at Varis by M. Peyrere and Aiar- tiiiicie. VVe do not read of any more Voyages from J'.ngLiud to find out the North-VVcIl Paffage lince the laft Expedition of William Baffin in 1616, until die Reign of King Charles I. when Captain Litke I'o.x was fent upon the fame de- fign in 1630, in his Majeftys Pinnace nam'd the Oiarlcs, viftuall'd for eighteen Months. He traced Frobijhcr , Htidfon ., Davis, Button and />.j//w, meeting with Whales, much Ice, and Fowls, and built a Pinnace in Port Nelfon ^ wiicre lie found feveral Remains left by Sir Tlw- moi Ballon , but no Natives or Inhabitants , though in other Parts of thole Seas he law fome Salvages. About the fame time, ^'/t. in 163 1, Captain TIjo/ihis James being employ'd by the Merchants of Bnjlul for the like purpofe, fail'd from Cape Farcivell by the Ij'lmds of Rcjolntion to ^liili and Nottitigliam Illcs, as alfo thofe of 1. LZ 2 Mans' ^H Countries about the T L E S. Af:Msfict({ , from whence he (lecr'tl «wcr a large i<ttempteci to make an efcape into another Ciuin. n.iy to the VVfftwarti near Port Nilfnn ^ and try, whereot" he had onlv Iward (onie (ji)lcarc nam'd the land AVn' Somh IV.iles, Hereabouts fiyinj; Reports. This t;entlemaM ws (b for- mecting with Captain Fox, they coiif^ratiilated tunate as to j^et fafc to tiie Harbour of Sindi- one another, but were loon feparated by foul bafii/, lyni^ btiwecn two mountainous Promon- Weather , fo that Captain 'Jiwe^ ftiU continu'd tories, one on an Ille over againft CroenLind . rovin£; up and down, and j'/ivim^ Nauie to divers whicli !ie call'd Hnidfcrkai or IVhitc Shirt, by VXncts; A^ Cape Henrietta At:iria, LordWtllon's rcafon of its beinjj, covered with Snow ^ the tfl.md, The E.trl of Bri/fol's Ift.md , Sir Tho/n.u other on the Continent, hearing the Name of fine's intnd. Earl of Danhy's IJland , Chatltm/ Hiiarj Lric- He WniterM ni the lllanci, and Iriniid', ivc. in this laf^ he VVinter'd in the (a- afterward paliins into the Continent, i;n|x>s'd titude of 52 De^. ? Min. and having bu'!: a on it the Namecf 6>e/f«/.(,v£h)r 6V«/;//»;^, from little Pinnare out of his Ship, pafs'd over to C»- its flourilhing X'erdure. His Son being fent to r\'s Siv.w's Nfft , whence he retiirn'd by C.ipe 01 ins Tntgi^er Kms of Nanray , to pnjcurc a Charles and Slishnry 1/le , and arriv'd on the Pardon, eafiiy obtain'd it upon Information of Coafts of F.itcl.trtd in 1652. The Vova^e of the new Difcovery. Thu«, in procefs of time this moft skilful Navif^ator was publilli'd in a Plantation was fettled there, and two Cities 1653, hy thefpecial Command of K'mi!,Ch.irles\. were built, va.. Cirdi- and A!l>e ; the latter rotitaining an Account of the Ilardlbips been- was honoured with a Uilhop's See and the Re- dur'di as alfo of the Streights, Capes, Bays, tide?, So'indings , \'ariations of the Coinpals , Natural Rarities, C-r. very accurate and ju diciou?. The laft Voyage, in order to make a more fiJence of the Nurwc^i.m Nice-Roy, the Ca- lhedr.il Ciuirch being dedicated to St. Antony. However, thefe new Inhabitants having been long fnice deftroy'd , either by the Natives, tlie Rii^e of an Epidemical DiiL'aie call'd the perfecT DifcovLty (if it weie poflihle) of the Btuck I'Lujic, or otherwile, very little Intelli- North-eaft Seas •, for a PalTligo to tlie l..ui-I>i- ueiue concerning Groad.aui hajcome to us (incc dies, was undertaken in the Year 1676, by the the Year n49 Neverthelcl's in 1^89 (as they Ingenious Captain JohnWood. Having rccciv'tl (jv) tlie King o( Deinn.uk determining to re- a Cominiilion from King Ch.trlesW. he arriv'd cllablilli his Dominion in thofe Parts, fent a Fleer in the 76 Degree f North Latitude, but un- thither-, which having iulfer'd Shipwrack , he fortunately loft his Ship, nam'd the Speedwell, was difcourag'il from any farther Enterprize, <^u the Coaft of Neva Zcrrl'li , and retum'd until of late that Navigation was foinewhat re- hom?; in the Prvjperoiis Pink that accompanied new'd by ('hrljliau W. who was wont to call him under the Command of Captain Hawes. this Country liis Philofapher's Stone :, in regard His Opinion is , that it is impollible to Sail that it was fometimes not to be found when Ins tliis Way to Chin.i and Japati , as Captain Ships undertook a N'oyage thither ■■, and becaufc James before had declared, being both incluc'd a certain Dine in ]6z6 brought fomeSand from thereto by the fituation of the Land , the re- thence which was of the fame colour and weight vtrfion and uncertainty of half Tides, the mo- with Gold. fion of the Ice J &i: Hefides, that the Logs, The Air in Grondand is fo excefllvc cold tliat Snow, l-rolls, the vail Ulands of Ice, and the the D.mes cannot dwell tliere , neither does the tcmpeiUioulncis of the VX'eather, arc altogether Soil produce anv thing but Mofs, with fomc few Hullies and Plants-, the Country confining fur the moft part in High- lauds and Mountains contimi.illy cover'd with Snow-, but the Sou- thern parts more than the Nortiicrn, which by realon of the terrible Ice and Cold , are very little known. Among the HealU, the chief are Hears, 1-oxes, Rain-Deer and Dogs-, there is al- io great plenty and variety of hiili, as Whales, SvaU, Dog filli , 6-c. But on tlieic Coails arc inliiperable. E S T O T I I, A N D is on the North of A- n.ent.i, and is divided from it by Hitdtni's Streight. Ai:toniiis Zoim the Fontiin , is laid to have difcovet'd it in 1390, or thereabouts i and Johtt Senile, a Poloiii,i/i , found it out a- gain in 1477. He was loft in th; Sea, as well as Michael Cnrtirc.dis. This Country is very fruitful, efpecially in (jo'd. Tiic Inhabitants caught the greatcft Qjiantitics of Sea Unicorns, are very induftrious. The Etiglijb pollefs on \s\wk Horns are io inucli efteem'd, and kept as the Coalt , Irna l..:br.idor , or A'ci!' Butun, Rarities even in tlie Cabinets of Prince>. All or Tm a Jin, tere.dis; but they know nothing tl'e Navigators that aruvehe'" often obferve a wonderful Meteor call'd a Nortli-light , which ulually appears about the tunc of the New bit the Coaft C, R O F, N I A N D, CroenLttidia, call'd alfo r !■'.-•?/ '.-'.V, and more ■mciently Etif^ruoland, lies accnli'ij', to t!ic report of the Ijlatiders ) hke .1 hall'-Moon about the North of their Country, it rhe iliftance of foiir Days (ailirg. Cipe Ian- ■.\eii. Its iroil Soiitlicin Prou.ontory, i-i leat- ti-d in the Latitude ol <)0 Degr. 30 Min. hut iiow ta;- t'u- Continent may exttiid itfeUNnnh- '.viird , IS uukiuiwn. Tlie Eaftern and Wtllern I'ules >a e eiiro^npalVd with tw<j vaft t)ceans , hut at wii.'.i. Degrees of lonf.iiudc, is not yet Oliin-ei'i. This land is luppos'd to have been lidl di*<'-iee;d by a Nur;ick,ia/i I jc iitlcman , n.uii'd in Roi.np, or fU'U-head , wiio having kciiiihittcu J Murtier ni Ijtijnd, tu f.iw lib Vile Moon, and tho" onl\ in tlic North, yet en- ligluens the whole Country :, perhap' it may be tlie fame whuii is linnetimes ieen in fw^- ////', elpeclall^ in the N<juherii Parts, and com rnonly termed Stre.i}ui>iy,. It is Olid to relemble a great Pillar or Heain of Lire , darting out Rays and Streams every \>herc. !t alio move-, from one place to aiiotlur, leaving behind it a kind of Mill and Cloud, and coniinuci till hid by the Sun-beaiib. Tlie (liuiidatidos are generally of a low Sta- ture, o'i a npc Olive Colour, and lotneof them quite Klack i havuig blacL Hair, Hat Noles, broad laces, and lips turned up. The Wo iiiui fr.'fi'iiiiciv llaii) their I ,ue» -n blue, and loirt- qua Du in the fvil thel Countries about the POLES. ??* low St.i- line i)t llii'ni thit Nol'es, The VVi) Muc, i"id loii.t- fonKtimes black ftreaks, letting the Colour in- t;> tlieir very Skin by pricking it with a llurp Bone, lb that it can never he worn out. Thefc Natives are not unlike the Samotids and Ltp- htnderi, being verv healthy, aMive and rtronj». They are alfo couragious, and fometirnes defpe- rate , often cho'ilin^ ratlier to throw themfeWes down the Roiks, than iland to be taken._ But ihcy are true Pirhayt-im ^ extremely thievilh, irtaclirrous and revengeful , not to be won by any kindneU or fair dealing. Thev live alto- gether by Hunting aiid FitUin^, making Bread of Fi ill- bones ground to Meal , and drink the Sea-water without receiving, any I'rcjudice by it. They (>rdinaiilv g" a Filliin*; with Darts, whicli are flroni^ly barbed, and have Bladders faftcn'd to tlitni at the other end :, that the Killi, whtii ilruck, may Ipend its Strength in rtruggling to get under Water , yet can't do it, and i"o is rafily tjkeii. Their Cloaths are either made of Birdskinswith the Feathers and Down upon thtm , or of thole of Seals, Dog- filli , or Wild Ikalb. They wear tlie hairy fides of them outward in Summer, and inward in Winter, and in vehement cold Weather car- ry two or more Suits one upon another. They alio drels their Skins verv well, and few them exceeding (Iroiig wit!i Sinews of Beafts and ■Needle* made of Filli-bones. But their Inge- nuity appeals in nothing fo much as in their Canoes or Boats, which are made of Whale- bone about an luih thick and very broad , lUtih'd clofe together with llrong Sinews and covcr'd with Scal-bkins. Thefc Boats are wrought Jharp at botli ends in form of a Weaver's Shut- tle, fo as they may be rovv'd either way, be- ing from ten to tweiitv Foot long , and two broad ■, they have a Deck of the lame Materials faftcn'd to tlic Ikies , in the midft whereof is a round hole as big as il'c v.'aile of a Man •, fo that when he goes to ;n'a, he lets himfelf in that Hole, (Iretching <uit his I eet lorw.ird into the hollow of the \ efl'cl , which is row'd only witli one Oai about fix Foot king , having a Paddle fix Inches broad at each end , lerving both to balance .ind nuive the Boat , whicli is done wiili incredible Iwiltnels , inlomuth that one of our Skills with ten O.irs is not able to accompany them. And we aie inform'd by the D.miiii Kelatioiis, Thai ihe Cirotnliinders niWA io Iwifi, that thev even daz/l'd the F.yes of the Spci'tators ■, v.\<\ ilio' tliey often crolfed, yet never interfer'd or fell foul one upon another. As tor their Kv'ligion they are Idiil iters , and feem to liave a great \ eneration for the Sun. Tliey liavcallij been leen Ui'ig Hat on the Earth, «i,d muttering certain |-'ra\erb or Charms to the Devil, wliole proper Habitation tliey believe to be under (jiound. ~' </»; .IA/mI, .md divers others iliat havetr.nell'd farther into the Coun- try, found many liia;ies, liith as we commonly make of Dxrin/j iiud hellilli liei'ds with Horns, Beaks, (^laws and cloven Feet •, near which by quantities of Hon.". of [iealls, as of Deer, Foxes, i^'Jt'.s ' in SacriKce. fiippos'd to have been oller'd to iheiii N O \' A •/. 1- .\1 m A , was fo call'd by the Kfffl.ifh, the wmd in their l.ani'.uage I'lgni- fyhig AVn" J.vni^ but was liowever known to the .Miiieiits (as It IS probable) under the Name cf Ci> f.rbn.i. It li.i on tilt Korth of Mujr-o- "vy , feparated from thence by tlie Streiglits of Wrtypnts or N4fivi> \ but whether it b.- an 1 Iland , or joyn'd to the Continent of 'T.-rta- rv, is not certainly known. It was difccjvered by Stephen BurroHe.hi , in the Yerir 1^0, and lince vifited by leveral PerHnis both of the Fn?^lijh and Dutch Nation ^ who have in vam attempted to find out a PafTage that wav into rXM'Tdrtari.m Sea, and (o farther to Cjthay^ Chin /, J.ip.in, Sec. This Country (according to the Information of Captain Jjhn It'ooii, who loft his Ship there) is for the mofl part perpetually cover'd with Snow, neither can one walk on tlie few bare l^lats of Ciround, by reafon that they are bog- gy ■, upon the Surface whereof grows a kind of Mofs , bearing a fmall blue and yellow Flower ■, under which Greeiifod , m digging about two Foot deep:, appears a linii Body of Ice. The fame Ingenious Pilot alliires us. That the Snow lies here, contrary to what it does in any other Country •, fince in all other Cli- mates it melts foonert away near the Shoar , but here the Sea beats :.gainft the fnowy Cliffs, that ill fome places :.re a^ high as either of the Forel.vids in Kent ■, the Sea having wafli'd un- derneath tlie Snow a prodigious way, and the Snow lianging over , moft fearful to behold : But there are many Rivulets of very good Wa- ter, melted from the Snovv , which run down every quarter of a Mile from Hills into the Sea. On the Hills are found abundance of Slate ftone , and on t!ie Shoar very good black Marble with white Veins. The Dutch , who wintered in Nov.i ZemhUy mention no other Bearts than Bears, Foxes, and iach others as live upon Prey •, for that (fay they) there is neither Leaves nor Grafs to afford any Fodder for tame Cattel •, neverthclef, Cap">in Wood found the track of many large Deer, and law a fmall Creature much like a Coney , but not io bij', as a Rat, together with fome few little hirds like Larks, Moreover fome f:>t^!iffj Met- chants that relkled in Rj^.i , have affirm'd that there is a fpacious lake upon Nova ZembLi , wherein are bred a great number of Swans aiui Gcefe, which molt their Feathers about St. iV ter'^ [)ay ■, and that at that Time the Rufrtns pais over thither to gather thefe Feathers and kill the Fowls , which they dry and bring into their own (Country for Winter- Provifion. The moll Wellern Point of Nov.i Zcnihlj, to which H'ooi/ gave tlie Name of Cape, ^/)ff<i///,lies in 74 Deg. 50 Mill. Nor. Lat. and in longitude 0? Deg. Lafl from London. The Sea here is the falteft and the heavieft and dea i\lV Water in the World, infomucli that he cu^id fee SIkIIs at the bottom a' '>o Fatliom depth. S P IT- i> E R Cj , otherwiCe call'd North-e.tit Ci R E E N L A N D, took its Dmrh Name from the lliarp-pointed Rocks andMountains with which It is environ 'd •, Spitz. 111 that 1 anguage ligtiil\ing pciiiied, :\uii Beri, a //;7i or .Mount. It reaches from the 76 Deg. ti> the 81 Deg, of Latitude, but liow mucli farther, as alio whether lll.ind or Continent, is not as yet dilcovered. Indeed our Mariners generally take it for an Iliaiid , and the Ihvrh only conjctlure th.it the Land is extended 11. ore North, beraule the Ice ilaiids firm, and does not He : is in tlie open Sea. The South Parts look toward the Piomontories of ':<<. 35<^ Countries about the T G L E S, FinLtiui, I. ij'l.mJ, the Xanh Ctpt, &c. The next I iinti on tilt Eail is jXo-j i Zembl^i^ ;incl tlie \xfi\t Tcrritcries i^t lir(,c),iiiid or I'nrr/itnlin/d o' ibe Weft, Init thole at fo vaft a diftitticc, that they cannot be ieck(.>ntti as its Confines. The prin- cipal llarbotits are, I. Soiiih-hait./, \v!i. ' isca- pible of containiiii; above 40 Ships at ont timi', :iih1 wiiercin faulty WlTtls are often repair'd. ,:. Minnitiiis-li'.iy , {o faird l)y the HolLtmhys , xvlicre feme liive winter 'd ■, anil n'.ar it Hand a Uw Cott,.s;'s , wind) ihcv bnilt ''or tlie tryini', lip tiu'ir Uil, with a 1'ii.ce of Ordnance for their Difcnre. TIicIc 1 loufes tliey termed Schmc.i- rembcff,, troin Sih//:fj-^ rii;iiilviiif',f'Vf.',''"i 1>"'1 the i-J(ilcii:-Cii(jka\' , hilt all other Nations ufually burn theirs belore their Departure. ^. The A'a tlmiiRiy^ wliere is an llland tlie D:iHh name Vogd-S.Dif:^ from t!ie threat Nolle the Fowl make there m takiiij', ilicir Hij^Iit. 4. Afonyir'rHiy, t!ie F.irihell Kortli i)f the vyeftern-part of (iicen- U'lil. 5. Mi:hlc-il,ivtn, lyinffat the Month of the Streii;ht^ of Wuyt^uis. 6. Wdtcr Thymo.-'^ h'ci-ii, wliuli the F.»f^l':p commonly call Aldiriit.tu t'rce>n.iu\ /,:'cr, and is a larj^e Monthofa River, AS Vff undiicover'd. l he wliole ("oLiiitry is fo encompafs'd with Ice that It is very dillieiilt tiuome near the Sliorcs, and the Air i* io extreme old tiiat the Jiuo- peans canno: dwell theie with fafety of their l.ivi!^ as iieitlier 111 iircuii.wd nor Nov.i /.ein- hi.', ilie Soil, as iiiucli iis liaih been hitherto diice.vered , is nothing; bnt Rocks or Heaps of vaftS;oni.s, folUep that tlily feem ready to tum- ble down ■, aiid indeed in,m\ greiU I'ieces ofte^ti bleak olT from the Tops with a terrible Nolle. T!ie greatcft part ^>l the Mountains are of Red Earth, and coniii'.unicate that Colour to tlie Snow upon tiitin, wlmh oltcii appears uiarbled , and relemhles as it were tiic l-ioujilis and Branches K^l' Trees, I'.iviti;; a bnjjht 1 nitre to the Air or Skies, .15 if the ^un Iboiie. There arc alio feven brij;ht blue MonntaiiH m a I.i;e, which tinge the Snow and Icewith the lame C(j1oiir, and be- twixt them uiaii\ lluirp i o nted Rocks, the Holes whtreol .ilUnd Nells to .iti mliiiite iniilritmie ot low'.s, wliole Dung beiii,^ inixt witli the Mols, Nv.illied down b^ the incited Snow, makes .Mouki ill tlie Clefts and \'allevs, which Ivn^ open to the Suu-Heams, wlitii the ice isdilfolv'd produ- cetli fome few f l.uits, asakmdof C'abb.ige I et- tite, Scinvy-Chals, Sorrel, Snakeweed, /vUniie- car, ii kind of wilcJ Strawberry, divers forts of R.>>iiituidi!''s^ Sc/:iKrji:u, &c. The Ue.ifts of tIii>Counffy are only thefe, -:(;. Foyeswluie, i;iev, taw.'.y utul black :, KainlXer, wliicliarow extreme latbyleeding upon yellow Mol'i ; wliite Seals oi a piudi>iioii- ."^i/.e, foiiie . t then bell g i cot hi^h , and their Ski % 14 lout long , Water liear , that live by wiiat they catcli in the Sea , wlie* tliey have been leeil IvMiuiMiig 12 Miles fh.^i aii\ hh'Te, Se.ils 1 r Sea-l)o.,s and Aiorits. \ cry f..w [.and fowl piced here, I'f wli cii the ir.oll icmirkable is tile S.iite cr Sti.iiid-Kuiiiier , o' t!ie b'^^iiels of a lark, with a louriiiiiare Liil reilmliliiif', a llalp, iliat leedi on \Vonn> and does not taiie fill.', : l^iit ot V\ atciTowl ihcie is i^rcit v.iri- . r, , .IS Siiow-Uirds and liel...cU, Io callci I,-. ,,i tlieir mill in,', iip.ii the Ire i Mouhtain- Dicks, \Villk>cks, Kcd (j.-i'le, Sliiiti, (jiills, iNodtikj, Sea Huieoiis , "jeu I'air; is, Kirmews, M.dlcihiKks , l'i.i,'oii iiiver-, litmb^, Kit'illn-i- <-r Alderrneif, Burt'.ermcillcrs or Mayors, Ror- lU-rUivers, Strimt- jagers or Dnng-llmiters, c~c., Moll of thefe Hirds, except the Strunt-Iager, Kinnew and Mountain Diirks, make tlieir Nells upon tlie hii-Ji Rocks, to he fecur'd from tlie Hears and foxcs. I hey lit in Io numerous Hocks, eipeciallv at t!;c time wiieii their vontii' (jiics are haVch'd, about the latter End of Jurir and beginning of July, that at their takiiip, Higlit they lii.ide the (jrouiid from the Sua' Heams , as it were a Cloud , and make llich ;i Nolle tliat one can hardly licar another fpeak. There are alio great ()uaiuitics of Filb in thefe Seas , as Seols or Sea-Dogs , Morles or Sea- Horl'e-, Hays, Dragon-Fiih , Buts-Head, Uni Corns, Sword filh , Mackarel, l.obfters. Gar nel-., Sliriinps, Star-Filb, Ct. But the thiefeft I'rotitthat draws .Men to thole defart aiiddil- conliilate I'l.uer,, ariferli from tlie Whale-Filhing, of which perhaps it may not be impertinent here to give a Delirnption. Asto the natural Hillory of Whales, the Wri- tings ol Autliors are coiifiifed , loine reckoning 10 itveriil Species, and others, as H'^oninns and H.irtholiiiiis ., making them up 22-, giving them various Names from tlieir Dilference 111 Co- lours, fins. Teeth, Whalebone, Oyl. Spcrwt Cet:, &c. Milt the l;illi pnn^eily rall'd ihc itHjulr, for t!ie catching of which our Ships chiefly un- dertake tlie \ oyage to Spiulurg and CirccnLvtd., difiert from other U'halesni liis Fins and Mouth, that is altogether dellitiite of Teeth, mfteatl whereof there are long, black, iintiewli.it broad and horny Flakes, all j.igg'd like Hairs. Fhc He.\cl IS commonly the third part of the whole FiOi, yet lome have bigger than others. Tlieif Lips are plain , (iiiooth and black , foinewhac bended, like the I etter .S", and end underneath the Eyes , before the two Fins, being lock'd one into another w hen drawn togetiier. With- in, on the uppermoll lip, lies that which we call Whalebone, of a brinvii, black and yellcw Colour, with Streaks of feve ' Colours, others being of a blue and light blue 1 iiirture , arc reputed to ccvme from yoiiin; Whales^ the Imallelt Whale-bone ;s before , 111 the Moutli , and behind toward the Tliroat, but the uiiddle- uiolt IS the largeft and longeli, reacliing lome- tuties about the leni;th of two or three Men v thele are covered all over with long Hairs , like Horlehair, hanging I'owii on both fides round about the Tongue i on one fide, all in .1 Kiiw, are 2>)0 pieces of Wliale-bone, and as iii.nn on the other, befides foine others fo linall tliar tl'ey cannot be conveniently cut out, which \i ,1 peculiar Trade . abund.uice of Iron-Tixils belonging thereto, lite lower p..rtofthe Whale's .Mouth is generally white, .tnd the Tongue, ly- ing ainidll the Whalebones, is very dole ty'J to the niideniKJit; Chap or Lip ;, it i^ large and white, with black Spots at the Eds^es, conlilV- iii;', v)t ,1 loft ipuiigv fat, io harcl to be cut that it I-. olten Hiuu', away, tlio' otherwifc it wtJitld vi'-'ldlixor leveii B.arels of TraiiiOil. On the Held llaiids a Hovel or Bump, and at tlie iiip cif it, on each licle is a Spout-hole, bended like an tlie Hole of a \ ;oli:;, out iieiicieo ime an •', 01 i;ie iioie 01 a > .ini;;, oiii ol \\hiili li.e Whale blows the V\ ,tter, elpeci- ally wlieii \Nouiided, 1.) fiercely that it roars like a h:illow W nid, or the Waves of the Se.i 111 11 Morin i which None may be heard at a lea;naV DiUaiice Ihc l"\e! I'c very low al us-'li Countries about the 'POLES. Us mod at the End cf the Mppfr-Lip, and are not much bia,uer tlwn 'horc nf a Bullock, with Eye- lids and Hair likj thofi; of a Man •, the Chry- ftal of the Eye is not miuh bigger th.tii a Pea, cleir white, a-id traufp.-.rent , the Colour oi' foine is Ycllnwilli, and of otijers pure whitf. The Shape of thi- whole Villi is r-,it unlike that of a S[ioi)e-N':tl(i.-r's-I air, if voii look upon it from bcne.ith, their Kslly and Back are i^enc- rally rcddilh, hut underneath the Kcllv they arc white ■, \,a I'ome of them are Coalhlack ■, fomcof them are aid) cnriouHv m.irhled on their Fitis, Hack and Tail. The vounp, ones are big- P'T tlian aMoiilhead, when firft hroiipjit forth. At the Sides of the Piidencliim., of the Temale, ftand out two Brealls, with Te.irs on them like thofe of Cows, whiih neverilielefs arc, as it were, (liea.th'd within till the \ount; one comes to fuck •, foine <if the'e Hrc ills are all over white, o:Iiers fpeckled with hl.ick and hhu: Spots, like a Lapwing's F.i;c; , tlie Milk that idiics from them heiuf, v.'lnte and fwcct , but of a fume- what filliv Talte. The Rones of the VVlrile are Iiard, as thofe of l.irt^e four-f xited Ficafts, but porous as a Spot!f;e, and filled with Marrow, ilis Flelli, whicli appears courfe .ind hard, like tliat of a Hull, is alone by it lllf, and the Kat lying at tin- T p, between v\\- F'lclh and Skin, is abont fiK Inc!;es thick on the Rack and I)el- ly, as alfo a foot thick upon the Kins , pro- portionable to the Si/e of tlic filli , but tlie lat of tlie under lip is often thicker than two loot. The Tail does not Hand up as thofe of inoll oilier I'lll.es, but lies Horizontal, as that of the I in Villi , But's-Head , Dolphin, &c. f)eing three, three and a lialf, and fometiuies four fathom broad ', with thi^ t.ic Whale winds liimfelf as a \ eHol is turned by tlie Iludder, and his lins ierve inllead of Oars , (o tliat lie rows along aslwifily as a Bird flics, and makes A lonj» Track in ilie Se.i , which rem.iins di- vided for a wliile as that of a huge Ship un- der Sail. As for the food of the Whale, the Ancients llioiij^hr tliat he liv'd upon the froth of the Sia , chuvnM with his violent beating on the A', ater •, otlurs l.iv, he is nour;H,'d with luch Weeds and I'l.ius as the Sea afford,, I'l nee good ilore of them have been lomeiimcs found in his St Hiiach : IHuf it is inoll piobable that his thief tli Meat area ccrrain I'ut of fmall Crabs, o- therwile call J Sea I'leetles or Sea Spiders, with which t!ie liays of 0''fc«/.jm' are fo cover'd lliat tliev teem all over black , tliele IVequent'.y hang flii(k on his lins and tl.urs, and are afterward Jiick'd into Ins Mouth. Indeed not only the ("labs t!lemlelve^ , but alii) great Qiiantities of little Stones, call'd Oam (.'.au'oriim, have been tiken out of his Stomach. The XMiales, as well a- other IJealls, have their peculiar Diilempers anl divers liiicmies', of tbefe lail the chief are, I. A kind of lowie or InleCt , having many leet and a liea'l .ke an Aorii, with4 Horns, vliicli eats thioii.'Ji the skin to devour the fat. : The Saw Killi or Sword-filli, which has a lung Bone <in the ImhI of h.is Sn hu, fctoneach fide vvuli [eetli like a Saw :, he leldom gives over eticwinitering the \V!i,ile till lie has kill'd him, yet eats up nothing but his Tongue. 3. The Hiy, A Ion,', round ami thin lilf, yet very vo- racious, wiiole Mouth, fliap'd .is that of the Sword-I ilh, is full ul lliarp Teeth, three upper tu and three under Rows one by another-, with thefe he bites great Pieces from the Whale, as if dug out with a Spade, and often devours all bis Fat. Thel'e Fillies are all^i very eager after the Fielh of Men, and afTault many that go to Iwim or walli in the Sea i thev are tifuallv ta- ken with a Hait of Flefli faflen'd to a Hook with a flrong Iron Chain, for they would fooii Iheer a Rope alunder with their Teeth. The manner of Catching Whales is thus •, When any arc feen or difcover'd by their Blowing or Spouting up of Water, which may bedifrern'd at a great dillance, upon notice given, all the Mariners get into the 1 ong fioats, which hold about 6 or 7 Men apiece. Thefe row till they come very near the Whale, and then the Har- poonier, who always fits before in the Boat, takes an opportunity to throw out his Har- poon ^ which IS an Iron (hap'd at the Point like an Arrow, and fix'd at the End of a Stick or Pole, having two Beards, liiarp at the Edge and blunt on the tWks, otherwife it would tear out and all the Labour would be loft. The belt Harping-lrous are made of clean and fine Steel , iK)t too much harden'd , fo that they may be bended without fnapping, for 200 Pound ( a middling Whale being valued at fo much ) IS often loft for want of fuch a well-temper'd Inlhument, which is light behind and heavy toward the Ppint , fo that i\mg it which way you will, it always falls upon the Point: To the^ End or Handle of the Harpoon is faften'cl a Rope 5 or 7 fathom long, and about an Inch thick, being more plyable than the other Cords that are afterward tyed to it (for it is made of the tineft and lofteft Hemp, not daub'd with Tar, lo that it (wdU and grows hard in the Water.) In every one of the Sloops a whole Heap of Lines lie between the Seats , divided ijito 5, 4, or 5 parts, and each of them is of 80, 90 or J 00 Fathom long. The firft of them is tyed to the Forerunner or fmall Line, and as the Whale dives they tye more and more Line t" • Thefe Ropes are thicker than the fore ri .r , wrought with flrong and tough Hemp, uiid larr'd overy bur the Line-Furnillier or Perlou vvhofe Bufmef, it is to look after the Ropes, as alfo the ot'ur Men in the Long- boat, mull: take gn,.i Care that they be not entangled, or that they m,iy not run t.'vard the Side of the Boat, left u lliould bethcieby overlet , but they muft rur out juft before in the middle, commonly ca'i'd the :il.ivc by the Seamen. The Harpoonier darts the Harpoon with his Right-H.uid juft behind the ^pout-Hole of the Whale (if he can conveniei; s ) or in the thick Vat of his Back , for he dies iboner it wounded thereabout than if he were lauiich'd into the Belly or through the Guts ■, but about the Head the Harpoon can (.\o him little Hurt, became the lat is very thin there upon the Bones, li) that it breaks out more eahly , and the VV hale linds means to efcape; However , for the moll part the Seamen do not much minil where they lauiice or puih them , doing it as well as they tan , fiiitc there is no Time to take great Deliberation. The Beaft, as lb<3n at Wounded, runs away with the Long- Boat as Iwii't as Wind , and diving underneath draws the Kope very hard, (o that great Care mull be taken to give iiim Rope enough left the boat be overlet. In the mean while all the o- ther ??8 Countries about the T L E S\ I other SlcKips mw out hefure, ;nu take in)t'C' vhifh wav lilt line llii'ds, Tii" if it is ihiT nixi litavv, the V\'Iwk' lliil draws it with main Strc'itith ■, Init if it han^s Idnfc , (n that tht- Eoat both befon- and bchiiKl is ccii.illv liis;h out of thf Wati'r , tlicn the Men li..'e in the Kop", lavini; it in p,<jod order, that if tlie VVha]e llioii'il dra'v on ai;r.n, it may Ik- given Iiim without hehip eiUanaUd. It is alfo to he ob- ferv'cl. That if tlie VV'hale runs upon the lew!, too nuicli Rope mull not be allow'd,lell in tiini- ing miuh and oftvii about he lliould v.'iiul it bout a Rock or iieavv Stone, fo tint the f!ar- pini;lroii would be loofen'd and tear out, ivhirli has often h.ippen'.l. Whenloiver the VV ha!i rolls upon tiieljround, the long boat \^wg llili, tlie lines are drawn in aiaui bv de^'.rees, and tlie Knpe-Mail>'r l.io tluui down in their proper I'laccs. If lit 1 nils iinJernedth a great icc-fiild, and, and the Rope is not lonj; cnoiii^h to fol- low hun, thev draw it in as ninth as is pcjjli- ble, and cut it olT, lofm^ tlie piece of Ivope and tiic Wliale^ and inde.-d tliey tiequentl^ run away with ilie lines belon^jn^^ to five or more Slnop-'. Where ^leat fpuntities of (iuall Ice are ir-iudiil toj^ciluT ii is verv d:.nt;eruib and d'ilirnlt to purln.- tlie Whale, for he is Ii) cuiinini', as to retire ihiilier immediately, and the loiij4-lioats are vcr-, often dalli'd to pieces as^ainll the Rocks of Ice. I'ut wliui he riles tliey Hms; one or twonune li.'.rpiii'i, Irons into Inm, iucordiUi;ly as tiky perceive liim more or lefs lir'd, and then he uives under Water aj^ani, me fwim even allaliMij^, playinj, with their "• , ri 3 I T Tail ;'.nd lub, to that I'/iat C'are mull he t.iken not to come too near them, tor ihey can beat a loiic,Boat to nieces at a Hlow. Thus t!;e Sea- men wait till tilt \Miale is pretty well tir'd , and then kill him outii,i,lit with Launces, never- thekl's not witiiuut ^teat Daiii^er , loi they ilrike as w\ll upon !i;s C.)dy as at his Sidi-s , and ficeive many leveie HUiws, all the otiier Men in tile Sloops rcnvinj', diligently, loinetiines forward .nid lijuietimes backward , wliilll the Whiile lift-, himielf up and often beats fo vio- lently wit!) lis Tail and Hns that tlie Water liali.is up into tlic Air like Dull. I he Launces are fixt to a wooden l''le above two latiioin loiii;, or foinevvhat Ihorter tli.ui a I'lke ItaiV-, the other part of tiie launce beiii^?, commonly a la- t!io;i\ Ion;;, and poiiiud belore, as that ot a I'ikc ^ is made of Steel or tough lion, lo a> to bend wiiliout breaking; lor the li.irpoonicrs, having made a deip Hole in tlie \V h.le'^ IJacK or sides with their 1 auucLj, Cwiiiniue thruftinj^^ tliemtirtl one wa\ then aiujiher j lui it one or more are lj,ot out (if iheir Hinds they toon take another, every Sloop beinii tiirnilliecl with at ledt 5, or 7 •, set liiineiiuies the \\ iiale li.o iheiu all out of :, 4 or more i.;o.\'.j ll;ckiut^ in his Mo.ly. At"- tti he ijlhiick he Ipouts Water or lilooU wall all his toree, to that i'"; 'iNoilc i!'ereof may be luaid as !.ir as the Report of a Ciiinuii ^ but '.vlicti he isiiUite wi.iriecl it comes oJtoiily by Divjps, f>«r he li.is i>.t .itrencith eiiouj^h to torce il upward j lome Whales bl.Av Blo.iJ 10 tlie ve- ry l.ii\, dv.uuiij tlie i\Ln molt filtlnly, and d,- i.,,^ their Sloopi as deep as il ihey were paint- <;( with Veriiiilloii, nay the very Sea ii filled nd aloiiti whereloever ih.^ Iwnu. Tiioit Wh.ile* th.it .lie tii'i tally Wounded, he.it ths.•mle^\^ lo ewfcliiM.1, thai tlic, reek, and the IJinh lit nn them and eat their I lelli wliillr yet alive. They" are fi.retl ilriick with a ILupoon, as they fpout Water, and lo do not mind the ilrikin.'^ of the Oars, for when they lie liill they liflcn, and are loiuet'mes above and fometimes under Wa- ter", ! lit It is very dangernisto afTuilt the Fe- males, efpecially when bi.^ with voung, for tbey defend themfelves very K^n^ and are h.irder to be dilpatdi'd than the M.iUs. Tile lon^-Bo.its often watle 6 or 7 Hours, nay even a whole Pay before one is teen-, but when he is thus kill'd the* convey him to the Ship's lide, faftniiu; that part where the TaiHs cut olf to the Fore ('atlle, snd tlie He.id toward the Stern : Then 2 Sloops hold at each End of ol the filh, \\'h\U\ the Harpooniers fland in them belore or iipim the Whale, clad with a leathern Suit. Tide peculiar V\'a-;es , v/i, piece, llice his Sides the KUibber or lai Nien, who liave their . about 4 (ji- 5 Crowns a- wiih long Knives, raiilut; r '111 the lldh, wliich the inore it is loolen'd, a, tl:e Ihde is H.^Vl from an Ox, the hifjlier it mult be hai'd „p with the Pulleys, that it may be ,ir)ie eal'ilv tut. Alterwaid ihe fat i, cat into iinall ;ii tes in the Ship, and kept in \ eflels or Caidels (as they call them) until they trv it npniio rraiii- Oil. Ihe lilubber of tome Whales is Wliite others Yellow-, ard f Mie of Ral : Ihe Whire' beinji lull of Imall Smews, does not yield lo much Oil, a. the Yellow •, the Red and wate- ry fat coiiies Irom de.id Whales, takiii' its Co- lour from the Settlnu; .f the IJlood, aiicl art'ords. the worit and leall: Oil, but the Yellow Fat, whui'i looks like Butter, is the bell. The Fat b 111,', thus chopt into IumII I'leees, and (lit'd thin, IS bovl'd m Cauldron, or Coppers : Aftcr- waid the I iquoi is laded out into a WlTel halt lull of Water, that it may be cool'd, and that the Dirt, Blood and other Dregs may fall to the bi.ttom ; then it is put into Troughs, to be more cool'd , and coiive\ed th'iice into theCardtlsor i loi-lhe.uk, wliich t;enerally hold O4 tjalloib. It is reported that one JLii^'m ■A Lhip;>„i,i^ iiith. Year lO^' i;»t 26 HoiMlieads {C.ido.<} out ot the loii^iie of one Whale, and 120 out ot it. Body. The Tram Oil is us'd by divers 1 radelmjii, as fn/.e-makers, Curriers, Cloth- workeis and loap-Hoilers. J\\iCycc>d.md Ship., ot the lar^;ell li/.e, carry 30 or 40 Men, .Men, and lometimes more, having 6 Sloops tu tend them, ..nd hold Irom 800 to loooCjidels of fat: The leller i^hips contain fewer Clardels, :/i. from 4CJ to 700, and have commonly 5 Sloops or Boats bclon,iin<5 tu them. There alll) ,;o ioine Cialliot-. to .Sc./'o,),; to catch Whales, v.Iiith have only 3 or 4 sloops. Ihe /-y^//.Wiv J attribute tlie firllDillovery of (Irctnl.ind ox i^p.tsbty,: to three of tlieir ovv'ii Pi- lots, vi/.. jtioi) l-li.i.;iski>k, ll'diuim ii.t>£/iii and >.';>/ Cj,/uIi::s A^j/j , iinpolin^ Names on feveral Creeks and I'romontories , aicordmg to their Faiic^. But it ij certain tluL t!ie, only !ol- I'.w^id oar Step , and that Ii.td our Men been «■> dilijient in that paitieular irom time to time, as alio no leb taielul in iniKin.j^ of Sea Charts on luch occalii.i,-, dieer> Dii.ovene:, woutd liavc been uiir)Utliioii.>iily aliened to tins N.ition , which arc ii.AV almolt dnputed from us. In- deed It is not t.) be doubt, d but tliat Sir H.ign li'ii/oii^'bOyf in the \ear 155^, and Sup.eiiiSii,-- roughs in 155^, landed 111 this Cooiitry loii^ be- lore Countries alout the T^ L E S, fore the arrival of the DMch Fleet •, therefore the latter had no other way to derogate from Sir //.((j/Zs Honour, but by conferring on him an imaginary Title of an Illand , which they rail WilloirrJAy's Jfl.wii, a Place near A'ozt Zemblit : However, in 1610. the KifJ^i.t Coinpary of £«,§- /iyC; Merchiints, fenta Ship nam'd the yiinity^ un- der the command ofjon.t! Pool^for Whale-Filhing, who fell upon this Country formerly di^cover'cl, tho'not much regarded, and call'd it (inail.ind., either by reafon of the green Mofs with which it was cover'd ■■, or perhaps miftaking it for CirecN- land, a large Northern Coiu-nent before difco- ver'd. He alfo save Names to many of the prin- cipal Places on the VV'eftern Side •, as Homloimd, (becaufc a Unicorn's Horn was there found) he- Point, Bell-Point, Ill.ick-Point, Knotly-Point, Low nefs ijland, C.ipr-CcUl, Jce-Somid, l-'oTfl-Soiiiul,l)ecr- Sound, 8ic. This was the firllTmie that any Ke- ncfit was made by the l-il'nug in t!ieie Sea^. In ]6ii the Company Inr'd fix '{ariiiicsexpert Fillicr- meu, and fiunilli'd them with two Sliins to fifli for Whales •, tlie f[ti\ tliat w*5 taken by them yielded 12, Tuns of Oil, and they likcwife kill'd 50oMorl- fes. In 166; two other Ships were Tent, which caught 17 Whales, together with Ibme Morf- fcs, and made 180 Tuns of Oil. The Htlhwders came thither tlie fame Year with one Ship, condu- ced by Andrew Sw.illow an Fnf,li/?)/nMi , whilfl another Englijh Pilot likewife brought a Spanijh VelTel. Afterward many other X'oyages were un- dertaken on tlie Companv's Account, and thefc Coails were fretiuented by the EnRlifli , Dutch . D.iues, and other Nations-, nrverthelefs we find little worth relating of Greeidavd till the Year i6^o, when lome EngUjb, commanded by Captain IVilti.wi (ioodin, were forc'd to wander up and down the Country, and to Winter there ■, a large Hclatiijn whereof has been puhtilVi'd by Dr. 11^. Watt!, to vvli'ch we fliall refer the Header. Some Englijh in like manner , winter'd in O'reenhnd , A. D. 163?, and another Company in 1634, but the latter all perilhed tliere. Ihelall that has brvnigiit usjny confiderahleNews from this Coun- try is iicdcriik Maitti:, A H.iir.bm.'.er , who fet tail from tlie River I He, /Ipnl 15. yl. I). 1671, and retnrn'd thither oil yhrczi. He fet forth a large iud very accurate Deliription of the Land, andall tlniii^s tliercni,as Mount.ims, Plants, Beails, Fowls, C"(. chiefly upon a ikiire to iati>he tlie Curiofity of Ibme Cieiukmcn of tlic Royal Soci- ety. This Work was firlt written in /V.^/^D^fc/;, .-iiul al'.ir Printed in l.n^Ujh. In thefe ('ouiitries there is a rontinu'd Day for (our or five Months in a Yiar, and a perpetual N\ght for three Months , fothat for the moll part there is eaher all Light, or all Darknels. I he X-t:^!iJl; tiiat Winter'd in Ciucnlund in the Yea' 163OJ entirely loft the Lij'htof the Sun Otub.i^, and law it not again till i'(l>. 3. It is reported bv thole that fiaid there in 1633, that Octob. 5. %vas ilie lall Day that tliey hcliekl the Sun ; tho' they could fee to re.id in the Twi-light, which coiitiiiud till Odob. 17. That on the twenty- letond tlie Stars plainly apocar'd all the twenty- four Hours, and were viliblc during the whole \'\ inter. 1 baton Jm. ij. they pcrceiv'd for fix or levcn liours about Neon, to much Light as they could make a lliifi to read by it : And that '>ii ich). i;. they dilcerncd the Sun-Beams upon the top>.ot the Mountains, and the next day his \sl.ole lialy. Uuv Men that rem,iiird in Cice//- U9 land in 1634, and allperidi'd therei left in Wrij ting before their Deaths, that the Sun difappear'<* • Oilob. 10. and vfas feen again Feb. 14. The Hol- landers that winter'd in Nova Zembla A.t>. I59(S» on Novemb. 2. New Stile, or Oiloh. 23. Old Stile, ( according to Purvhiu ) law the Sun not fully a- bove the Earth ; when it rofe South-fouth-eaftj and let Soiith-fouth-weft. After Novemb. 4. New Stile, or Othh. 2. Old Stile, the Sun was no lon- ger leen, but the Moon appear'd Day and Night, as long as flie continu'd in the higheil Degrees. On Jan. 24. they perceived the ec^e of the Sun above the Horizon, and on Jan. 27. he came to- tally in view •, being in 5 Deg. 25 Min. of ulqua- riits. It is difficult to aftign a Reafon of thefe va- rious Appearances, unlefs they proceed from the differences of Latitude, wherein the EngtifljinA Jhiicb took up their Winter-Qiiarters : But the Cold in Nova Zembla, was more intenfe than that 111 Greenland. The Englifij that Winter'd in this Country liv'd upon Venifon, as Rain-Deer, Bears, Foxes, Morf- fes, d~c. The Bear's-flelh was tolerably pleafant and wholefom , but the Liver caus'd their Ski^.i to peel off-, which was alfoobferv'd by the Hoi' landers, that abode in Nova Zembla. As the Sun and Day began to appear, the Fowls and Foxes crept abroad, for which they fet many Traps and Giniis ■, iufomuth that a vaft number ot Birds were taken , and at fevcral times , above 50 Foxes : Thefe laft prov'd very good Meat, and the Dutch in Nova Zembla were likewife much rcliev'd by them in their Scurvies. Afterward, in going a- broad to feek Provifions, they found great quan- tities of Willock's Eggs , that afforded no fmall Refrediment : But tne effefts of the Cold upon their Bodies were wonderful j raifing Blifters on their Flelli , as if they had oeen burnt : kon ftuck to their Fingers when touch'd, and theic Stockings were all over fing'd as they fat by a great Fire, yet their Feet felt no warmth , and their Backs were frozen. However, our Men ci- ther had not altogether endur'd fo much hardfliip, or at lead were not fo ready to complain isWil- tia/n B.ircnis's Company in Nova Zembla j for the Cold was fo excelTive fliarp in thofe Parts, that (as it was related by them at their return) their Shooes froze as hard as Horn to their Feet, their Sack and other iirong Liquors were likewife frozen, and a Barrel of Water became perfeft Ice in one Night. Tliey alfo add, that their Carpen- ter taking a Nail out of his Mouth, the Skin and Flclli follow'd, glu'd to it with Ice •, that in their Hutts they were wont to apply Stones heated at the Fire to tlicir Feet, and other Parts of their Body, to keep tliem from freezing ; and that they fuffer'd many other Calamities, the parti- cular CircumAances whereof it would be too te- dious to recite. The Land 0/ J E S S O, Terra E S O N I S (of which we have already fpoken in our Account of Cliina) is altogether unknown, except fome Coafts of It which lie in 41 Deg. of Latitude. It is featcd between yiCu and Amcma, and is a long continued Traft of Land •, by fome thought to be contiguous to both Continents, and that thereby Ainenca was Peopl'd. But the Streight of Jojii or Tiilay which parts it from Tartary, and the Streight of Aniun that feparates it from that part of America which has been yet difcovci'd, Icem tu contradict that Opinion. The Nature A a a a ^f i- t. 1 HO Countries about the T L E $,, •f the Soil and Air is not known •, 'tis thought that they arc like Canada^ and that the Country is fruitful in all things. Tlie Inhabitants, fo f<tr as we know of them , live upon Fifliing and Hunt- ing, and they are cloath'd with the Skins of Beads. Tflieir Canoes, or little Galleys, are fuftned to- gether with Cords made of the Bark of Coco's, which never rots in the Water. They Trade with the People of "Japan , and are fubjeft to that Emperor, payinghim Tribute : Upon which account it is, that this Prince forbids all Stran- gers which Trade to his Kiimdoin. to have any Commerce in the Land ofjeffo. The Natives are Idolaters. As for NEW DENMARK, NEW NORTH-WALES, the liles of CUM- BERLAND and R A W L E I G H, we know nothing of them but the Names, and fome Coafts : fo that all we have to lay of them is. That thefe Countries lie on the North of America^ toward HHc'fiiii'i-Seii, that they are very Cold, and that \vc have little Account of them. SECT. II. The Antaiclick, or Southern Countries. ThcfeCountriesarecairdANTARCTICK from the Pole of that Name , near which they lie •, they arc alfo nam'd Southern , bccaufe of their Situation. The Dutch Relations pretend, that they are not lefs than America^ and as Fruitful and well Peopled as Europe. They reach not farther than the Sixtieth Degree of Southern Latitude : Ahgcllan, who dilcover'd them firft, gave them the Name <iiAftgelLi)iica, The Air is very different, according to the feveral Regions of it ^ but it is faid, the joii is generally fertil in all forts of Fruit, wild aiul tame Bcalts, Tome of which are unknown to us. Fcritarido ^ires the Sp.iniard, ALiye , BroKcrs and ScLoiitcn, Dutchmoiy obferv'd fevti al Moutlis of Rivers, but durft not venture upon the Land i they only eiitred fome Gulphs and commodious Havens. The Streight of Al.ie,cll.m , dilcover'd ill I J20, is two hundred Leagues in length j and in fume places two or tliree, in other fix or ten Leagues wide. Atayn'^i Streights, on the Eaft of 'Icrr:i del Fnoco, dilcover'd in 1615, is ten leagues long, and as many wide, lirorver'^ Streight, found out in 1643, is much hkcAfjyrc'^. The Englifii and Dutch go that Way fomctimes to the E<iit-l»dics \ and Dampicr chofe rather to go this VS'ay . and Coall the 'Ihra del t'uogo^ than venture thro' the MM\cll.mick Streight •, be- caufe of the difficulty of tliat Paffage. NEW GUINEE, NOFA GVINEJ, is near tli*: Eiiuinodial Line •, it is one of the biggell Illcs ill tlie World. It is lb call'd, becaule it leenis to be diametrically oppofitc to Cuinee in Ajn'i.i, and bcfaufc 'tis part of tlie IVcfh Indics : It is leparated from the Continent by a Streight or Current of the Sea of the Land of Papos, which is a very confiderable illand on the F.all of Gilolo j it is a good Country, but little frequented by the Europeans. Alagellan, and the Fires wliich tliey obferv'd there gave Name to the Liud. Tlie Air and Soil are very good. The STATES ISLAND lies Sontli-eaft of it, and hath almofl the fame Nature and Air. The SOUTHERN UNKNOWN REGION, or r/:^/J^ AVS: RALIs INCOGNITA, is a vaft Traft of Land , as we judge by the Coafts. I liave diftinp.r.ilh'd tlir Parts ol it by the feveral Names given it by Pi- lots and Captains, who havj liiil'd by them, wliich are to be feen in the foregoing Table. Tlie Inhabitants are white, of a large Stature, ftront',, induftrious and courageous \ it is very fad to fall into their Hands, as Ibme F.y.ropeans have fouiul by unhappy Experience. St.rf e modern Relations tell us, That in all that vaft Cuuntry they have neither King nor Prince, all 1 he People are only combin'd together in feveral Faflions, in the Fovin of a Commonwealth. They cdufe Governours on- ly to make the Lazy work, pnniOi Offenders, and render Juftice to every Man. TIk v are Idolaters, and Iiave Oratories to pray to t'leir Idols in : They obfcrve certain Faft(,and Walli their Bodies on certain Days every Year. Tlie Country of NEW Z E A L A N D is Antipodes to France', the Dutch, in tlie Year 1642, were ufed cruelly by tlie Men tliey found there of an extraordinary Stature. Fu- naiido dc i^uiros, wlio fpent 14 Years in thcle Voyages, dilcover'd it before tliofe Republicans. He was fourteen Months at the Court of tlic King of Spain, to perfuade his Catholick Majc- fty by ciglit feveral Petitions, to fend Colonies tliitlier j and reprefcnted a tlioul'and Advantages that Would arile to them by the Extent of it, Fruittulnefs, People, and Conveniency of the Ports, hut was nyt regarded. It is placed in the Dutdi Maps between the 34 and 44 Degr. of Souili latitude, and between the 189 and 194D1.gr. of Longitude. VAN DIEMEN's LAND is fituated farther Wtftward , between the 1O3 und 169 7 and Dcgr. of Longitude ^ and between the 41 and 44 Degr. ot Southern Latitude. This Country was firft dilcover'd A^tfi/f /;;/». 24. A. D. 1042, by Abel r.ij man A Floli.wder, vvho iinpos'doii it tliat Name in Honour of Anthouy van Diemeits, Cju- vernour of tlie Dutch Fail-India Company j whence it is alio termed , The Country of Anthony viin Die/liens : But 'tis not known, whether it be an liland, or a Continent ^ 111 regard that its Northern Coaft only was dclcry'd, with Ficdt- riik-FJenry'i Bay, &c. T E R R A del F U O G O, already mention'd. Is on the South of ^/«fi;('(; it coiififts of fevi'ial Ifjands , caU'U the MagtUmick , the Strti^t < of The other Parts of Terra Aujlralis lie farther Nt)rthward, and follow in their Order. NEW HOLLAND is wafli'd on the North, by the Seas of the Molucca's and AnchiUol., and on the Weft and South by iIk Jndi.m Oce.m. ItsSea-Coafts were dilcover'd by the Hollanders, above Fifty Years ago-, and its Hounds are nlu- ally let out in the Map,, between the 12 and 35 Degrees of Southern I .aitudc, and between the 1 34 and the 169 lA-gr. of Longitude. This Conn- rry is divided into teveral Parts, vi:.. Fcttr Nu- iiCi Land, whuh derives its Name liomitk lirli: i)iU<jvettr, 1 Conntrie! about the POLES. H" Pildveier, \vIio arriv'cl on tliofc Coafts yl. D. 1625 i Hit L-:riU VM Lavi>n:cv, (iv, Tl.'c Lioiiefs- Jjl.wd ■, The L:uulr.f C(i)icm,l-^ in Dutch^ V Lividr van roidriul't \ accidentally toiiiid out, and lo luim'd by the i/olLwdcn, as they were making a \'oyage to the /I'/o/«cc.<'i, A.D. 1618 •, the Coun- tries of iv/f' , DiiWit, nuAAi'ient. CARVr. NT ARIA, or CARPENTER'S T AND, owes its Denomination to one Crtr/jfK- /«/■, a /Jwf '-J Commander, who firil; made adilco- very of itsCoail: •, and is remarkable for its fitua- tion bnwetn New ilnlLmd m\<.\ New Guinea, in tl:e iunermoft Y^n of the Indiun Ocean. LA T I ERR A AVSTRAL DEL ESP I R I TV S A NTO , i. e. THE SOUTHERN COUNTRY OF THE HOLY CjHOST, a large Traa of Tfm» jiiilh-Jis , In the Southern part of the Pacifick Sea, was tirfV found out and fo call'd, by Ptter I'eydiiumd dc Oniros, in the Name of Philip HI. Kin^of i)).i;>;, A.D. 1606. It is extended very far frcjm the North-weft to tlie South-eaft •, and to 15, or 16 Dui;. of Southern Latitude: It con- tains the Harbours of 5. fclippc , S. Jago , and f'cra Cm:., near the Rivers Jordan mAS. Salva- dor \ and many lllands lie over againft its Nor- thern Coail, according to tlie Relation o( John dc Tnrrccre/nata, in tlie Voyage of the faid Ecr- diihind Oiiiros. h\. Sfi'jon places this Country on llie ^outli-eaft of New (Jninc.i , and on tlie North of it the I/lands cj' Solomon •, bu: both arc omitted in the Dutch Maps. Jacob le Afayre took tlie //la>id of Good /«)r;/«f,and the Horn-1/les, wliich he difcover'din his Xoyage to NervCiti- nta, for thofe of Solomon ■, becaule he found them to agree with Ecrdinand Qjiiros'^ Defcription. Others make the Number o( Solomon's Iflands to amount to 20, but their Names are fcarce known •, neither are they inhabited by any European C<)- iony. The chief of them are, S. Ij'uiiella, which is of a larger extent than the reft •, GnadalcmaU; and S. Nicholo. Anthony of Leon informs us. That the5p.t«y(ir^; made three fcveral Difcovcries of thcl'e lllands, f/i. Tlie firft by Alvarez, dc Aienduna^ A. D. 1567 •, the fecond by the fame Alvarez, in '599) who was then accompanied by Peier Eerdi- vandde Quirns, and died there i and the third by the fame tcrdin.tnd de (^liros , in 1C05. We have but lightly touch'd upon the Parts ot Terra Anfiralu, in regard that its Sea-coafls only were difctwer'd by the Hollanders about 50 Years agoi but the Nature of the inland Country, is altogether unknown to them, as well as to the reft of the European Nations. Neither indeed can much more be deliver'd ," concerning a great number of Iflands of the Paci- fick Sea, which are but of fmall compafs, and were only difcover'd accidentally upon feveral Occa- ("ions. Thofe that lie on the North of the Equi- noftial Line, were difcover'd and nam'd by the Spaniards, as they were failing from America, to the Ladrones and the Philippines : But thofe that appear on the South of the fame Line, were found out, for the moft part, by Jacob la Mayre, and William Cornelius SchoHten , and call'd by their Names,when after having pafs'd the New Streight, they fail'd from South America to New Guinea, Time may pofTibly bring to Light as particular Accounts of all thefe Countries, as we now have of America, which was as much unknown to former Ages. But for the Prefent thefe Defcriptionsare as fuccinfl as are to be.had, or at leaft as good as needs of Countries which arc never travell'd to, nor from which any thing is brought for our ufe. And with them wc ftiall clofe our Defcription, which wc hope has anfwer'd the Reader's Expe- ftation, and given him an Idea of all the Known Parts of the Earth. We heartily wilh him as much Pleafure and Profit in reading it, as wc have had Care and Pains in compofing it, and then I am fure wc (hall both be pleafed. F 1 H. I S, ••■'; . i.y'L> ' ■ ,1 ' ■ ■ ... 'r.l.t - . f . 1 ' - V,.-; f 3 tfi m "BOOKS Trtnted for Awndiam and John Churchill, Pater-Nofter-Row. tn ATreatife of Antlent and Prefent Geoprjpliy. To- gellirr with a Sttt of Mjpi, both of Antient and Pretent GeoRrapl-.y, dclign'd for the life of Young Slu- dcnti in the llniveilitics- A New Sett of Maps both of Antient and Trefcnt Geo- graphy, wherein not only the Latitude and Lonfiitude of many Placei are Corredted, and according to the lateft Obfervationi ; but alfo the mort Remarkable Difterencei of Antient and Prefent Geography may be quickly dif- crrn'd by a bare Infpeiftion or comparing of Corrcfpon- dent Mapi ; which fernii to be the molt natural and eaiie Method to Itad Young Students (for whofe ufe the Work ii principally intendedj unto a Competent know- ledge of the Geographical Science Both by Edurtrd ffeHi, D D. and Student of VLnft-Chiirch, Oxoii. Mr. LoclC* F.tTiy of Human Underftanding, in Fa/.l —Two Treatifei of Government j in the former, the falfe Piinciplri and Foundation of Sir Robert h'llmcr and hii Followerj are deteiitoil and overthrown ; The la'ler an Elfay concerning the True Original, Exttnt, and h'lid of Civil Government —™— Letter concerning Toleration. — — »d Letter concerning Toleration. ——3d Letter for Toleration, to ihe Auihorof the jd Letter concerning Toleration. - — -The Reafonablenefi of Chridianilyai delivered in the Scripturei 1 ft Vindication of Reafon.iWenefi of Chriftianiiy. — id Vindication of Reafonablenefi of Chriftianily. — — Some Thoughts corcetning Kduca'ion. Several Papers relating to Money> Intereft and Trade, V- Letter to Edmtrd L Bp. of Worctfitr. —- Ri-ply to ihe Bp. o^lVorcejler. — Reply to the Ep. of M'orcf/Jer-'s Anfwer to his »d Letter, where liefidcs other incident Matters, what bis Lord- fliiphasfaid, concerning Certainly by Reafon, Crrtiinty by Ide.i>i and Certainly of Faith j the Rtfurredionof the fame Body ; The Immateriality of the Soul ; the Iiicon- fiftency of Mr- Loc\(,t Notions of the Articles of the Chri- Itian Faith, and their Tendency to Scepticifm is examined. PoH humous Works of Mr. Jchn Loci;, vi:(. 1. Of the Condudl of the Underftanding. 1. An KKamination of P. MtilttraiichU Opinion of feeing all things in Gud. ?• A Difcourfe of Miracles. 4. Part of a Fourth Letter tor To- leration. <• Memoirs relating to the Lite of WnrAonr, firlf KkIo( Sliaft'tury. To which is adiltd, 6. HisNew Me- thod of a Common Place Book. Wrilteii Originially in French, and now tranflated intoEnglifh. ivo. A Paraphrafe and Notes on the Kpilf lei of St. PmiI to the GaUtiam, 1 and 2 Coriiithiani, Romans, Ephejiatit. To which ii Prelix'd, an Ellay for the Uii.lcrftanding of St, i'aul't Rpiftles, by coiifuliing St. I'jul hhnlelf. The Se- cond Edition, ^to. Some Familiar Letters between Mr. Locj!;, and feveral of bis Friends. 8ro. .-/// ihefe tbovt Writ bj Mr. Lock. Mr. TMem't View of Univerfal Hiftory, being a com- plete Chronology from Ihe Creation to this time, in 16 Copper-Plates. Cambridgt Concordance. Cnmnion- place Book to the Holy Bible. Dr. (jfhfon't Anatomy of Humane Bodies, Epitotiiiz'd with FiRurei. Sir tViUiam templet Hiftory of the Nttbir lands. Mifcellaniei. Letters. Dion Caffiiii'i Roman Hiftory, Abridg'd by XifhiliH, in t Volumes, 80. Englifti'd by Mr. Manning. Mr. Kjttlettieirt great Evil and Danger of Proph.incn((ii and Prodigality. In a Letter to a Friend. Mr. NeZ/on's Comisanion for the Feftivals and Faftsofthe oi ELi. " Solemnity. Church of'^ EigUnd : With Colledls and Pray«ri for every Mr. Pj/chaPi Thoughts on Religion, and other SubjetSi. yf/o/s Fables inEnglifh and Lalm interlineary, for ihe Be netit of thofe who not having a Matter, would learn either of thefe Tongues, with Sculptures. !BOO/CS lately Tr'mted for Timothy Childe, in St. Paul's-Churcli-Yard. at the White- Hare DVllor Hiftoricui : Or, a (hort Syftem of Univerfal Hiftory, and an Intioduiftion 10 ihe Study of it; III 2 Volumes in 8 vs. Containing i. An Explication of Terms and other Prsecognita in Chronology. 1. .^n account of all the Ancient Greek and Roman HI'.torians, with the judgments of ihebeft Criticks upon them ; alfo an ample ColleiTiion of E'lghdi Hiltorians. 9. A Oironolopy ofall Jhe moft celebrated Peifons and A''.tionsfrom thcCreatinn to this Time. All which ii followed by a Co.npleat Hi- ftoiy of all llie Ancient Mnnarchiesof C^jU ami Greece. The /^om<iw Empire from the Originenf that State to the Timeof CfMr/<OTii<;jw.Tbc K'ligdomsof theGjf/.J.IVi/K/j//, Lombard) and prtnk,!. The .Stale of Britain from the P, imitive Times to the End of the Sa.xm Heptarchy. The Hiftory of Scot land .wii Ireland; as alfo the State cf Venice. And l.iftly tl>e Rife aoitProgrefs of the .?4- ra:(en Power. Written by 'Iho. Ht/trni, M. A. of St. E.iinw.d lull. Oxon. The Edays or Councils, Civil and Moral, of Sir Fr4nciV Bifow, Lord K<r«/«»»i Vifcount St. Aibani- V"/i;h a Table of the Colours of Good and Evil. And a Oift:ourfe of the Wifdom of the Ancients, loo. The Hiftory of Greece. Volume Firft. Containing the fpace of about 1660 Years j from the tirit Hlanta'inn of (Greece lo ihe Peloponnejian War. By'Pi.Umd, M- A. Fellow of Lineiin College in U.</o'</- Si». The Ccleftial Worlds difcover'd •• Or CorjeJlures con- cerning the Inbabita'iti, Plants, and Productions of the Worlds ill the Planets. Written in Latin by Chrifttanui Huygeni. 8tw. Joan. Clerici PhyJiCtt, five de I{ebui Corporeii Lihri Sjtnqiie. In rjuibui, pr.cni/fis fotijjimit Cnfortariim Njtiirarum Phmnomemi (J Proprieiatiliui, i'eterum G> I{'Centhr:tm de eorum canfii celelerrtrnjc coti;eclurt t>a- duntm . Edino Septtma autlior (^ acciiratior. Archtc'Joj^ta Gr^ca, Of the Antiquities of Greece : \n four Books. |. TbeCivil Government of Athens. 1. The Religion of Gc««. %. The Mili!aiy Artairs of the Gr?- cians. 4. Some of the Mifcellany Cuftomi. By John Potter, D. D. In two Volumes. 8w. The Second Edition very much Augmented and Improv'd. Rtni.t Amiqute N.:titia, Or the Antiquities of Rome. By Uajil Kiennet, of Corp. Chr. Col. Oxon. Illultrafrd with Sculptures. The fouitb Edition Rcvifed and Cur- reifled. ivo- P. yirjtilii Maronis Opera. Cum Notts (3 Inlerpre- tatione Carols Ruitj. S. J. ad iifum Deiphint. Editio Nova Etguris Mneis Omata. 8»o. P. Ovidii Nafenn Metamorpbejton. Cum Interpreta- tione (^ Notts Danielis Cnfptns ad ufiitn Delphini. E- ditio Secunda in ruh quarta fere Notarum Part expux- gitur, qmrum loco adjtciuntur alit' Et liiierprer a: 10 fiffim emendatur. 8fu. A TARLF rchill, i I of the Cliri- ii examined. »j^. I. Of the linjtion ot P- iGud. « A Letter tor To- imhonj, tird HiiNewM?- Oiiginially iii vo. St. Pjh/ to I lie phejiant. To ending of St. ilelt. TheSe- aiid feverjl of beinji a corn- it tiitiej in li u, Epitoniiz'i) itrlanJs, 1 by XifhiliH, f Proph.itientfii and Fjftiofthe ■ayeri for efery other Subjeftf.- ineary, for ihe uld learn either hice-Harc rjeSurei cnn- uclinnj of the jy Cl'riftianui jrporeis Lihri Cjr for tat urn I'etirum Gi o>i;ei\urte tta- attar. f Greecf. In thent. J. The ri of the Grr- By John kcund Edition tiei of Rfitne. llluUriteJ ifed and Cur- £f Interpre- ihiiii. Editia im InterfretA- bilfhiHi. /;- I Piri expun- li:ierprrt*r 10 A TABLE An Alphabetical TABLE Of the Countries, Cities, Towns< Rivers, Mountains, and remarkable Places in ASIA, AFRICA and AMERICA AAidcibeitzan P. 69 Abancai I99 Abela i8 Abel-beth ibid. AbelmeuU 30 Abcx,P. 3oa Abila ' 32- Ablud P. 99 ABYSSINIA 198 .« 'the Name 201 Act, Terr. I9S Acapulco l6i Acarni 319 Accadia P. a ji Aocaron 3$ Acharon 33 Achiafcl $> Achillx Collit 34 Achio, K. ami C 117 Ada 183 Acra 41 Fort ao9 AcrabaU 3° Aae , i9 Aeon ibid. Acron P. ao9 Adea K. 103 Add, K. and C ibid. Aden. P. and C 44 Adorn P. 30B Adrach 28 Ad&ner of Aimer loa Aen 3^ ETHIOPIA upper a 16 i lower ibid. JGthiopii Fou 35 AFRICA 1(5 . — .T. or Mehedia 183 Agada K. loS A^obel 170 i^gonna P. 209 Agorto 3»7 Agra P. and K. 96 Agueda Fort ■ 10 Aguer Cape i7> At 33 AialoB 3$ Aian P. soj Aittalottch 8 Aiazco I r Aidet • 210 Aidncal. M. 170 Ainin. III. 14^ Air el Giqun i?^ Akhite 9 AlabaAbyft. 199 Alaba,K.i£thiop. aif Aladulia P. 10 Alagoai 311 Alaguanl. 13) Alcath a 7 Alcazer Cuirir 1 74 Alen'Jiii or £Ieodin 171 Aleppo tS, 16 A (.'xinilria in Egypt. 188 .^leKandrinura Cifirum 30 AlfooresPop. 134 Algier P. and C. 1 79 Alguel 170 Aliach Sheycr 8 Allout-neur 116 All-Saintt Bay ji2 Almatilbra 174 Almath 3a Almedlna 171 Almochafchor 177 Alraro de Mindino I. 3«8 Amadabat 101 Amahara P. aco Amalekitet 38 Atnatia to Amazons Couotrey 10 - .Riwr 30; Ambacanct 199 Amba Guczen Rock aoo Amboynal. 131 AMERICA »^<i Ammer 99 Antfflonitet 34. 31 Amnafan 10 Afflbritet 24. 31 Amethdaa 27 Amoul 7s Anatan I. 135 Anathoth 32 Anatolia 4 Anchedival. 110 Andalufia New P. 296 Andei M. 288 Anegada I. 27^ Aner 30 Anfa 174 Angid P. 177 Angeiim 104 Angofe P. and C. 189 Angola K. 11 $ Angot K. 30$ Angouri 9 Adgoy K. ai3 Att^adoiReyei 313 Anguila I. 378 Anith i6 Anna P. and C. 41 Saint Anna on Appipnen Arradez I<2 J19 Atfcpone 104 Annobon I. 332 Aru I. >3* Antachia^ t7 Aruba I. 280 Antaodro't 7 ArzilaorZilia '74 Antatctick Coanttiei 33$ As Alogai 308 Ante P. 308 Afcalon ?f Antego I. 379 Arcenlionl. asi. 327 Aotequara atfa Afear P. Afliaroff 174 ADthcdOD 3; 70 St. Anthonyi Fort 312 Aflidod 3$ A nth. Vaz I. 311 ASHER Tribe 27 Antioch '7 Afmer I03 Antiochia Pifidix II Afoa 190 Atitlochia in America Afor 27 a88' AITediin ibid. Antilles Iflet. 277 AfTot 7 Antipatris 30 Afliiaa 190 Aiitoce lOI Afloin 305 St. Antonio I. aat Aflumption J«7 At)ierma 288 ASSYRIA 4S-$i ADZico K. 213 Aftaroth 23 Apachci Pop. aji Atlai M. 1701 1 7'. «9S ApiUchean M. 343 Attock P. and C. 98 Aprruvaca R. 305 Ava K. and C. 116 Aphec 29 Las Avei 1. 279 Aphfk 27 St. Augufline Cape 3i« Aquambod P, 209 ATido 6 ARABIA 37 Avila 'It . Deferta 4' Auranitii Kcelix 42 Aurare ibid. Petrata 4' Auraz M. 180 Aricam P. lis Auriola P, 109 Aramathxa 30 Aweiri aio Araya Cape 385 Aiem P. iq9 Arba or Kirjah-arba Arbela 34 Azamor Azecha -'If Arbelit 27 Azel aoo Archedona 294 Azotui 23- 3S Ar^ck Countriei ajj, Ainga 199 33s Azuth 190 Ardebil 69 Arder 110 ——Magna ibid. B, Arebo aio Arequipa ArgJa V. and C. 296 4< B Eabel-miDdel I. 210 30} Argier K. I7« Babereth 39 Argob 38 Babylon 4* Argimskoi Aifioa 82 Bacar P. loa 182 Bachian I. 131 ArilTa 3tf Bidoula 137 Amia 288 Baeza 194 ARMENIA Maj. 52 BafMftede Fort Bamvt Bay 30* Arnedo 395 319 Arnt>t Ibfd", Biffb 13 Aroer Bagamcdii P. and C. Arofeth 17 If? Arrttife 30 Bagdat 48 Bbbb A- H HMHi i 11 Bignigat BalMren I. BihU de rhe TABLE. todoi M Baikal L. Bjku Ba!agna P. Balbec Balch P. BaldiTta, or Vildiv'u Balia I. Ballagate R. Pr. Ballapur Ballafore Balfai R. Balfora Baly I. Bamba P. and €■ Bamboukkale Bamoth-BiJi fiancock BandarmafFm Banda I. BaDdo P. ami C. Bangia Biokifli P. Binnarei Bantam K. and C. BaiUi. or Barbuda Barbidoei I. BARBARY Barca P. Defart Bircebr Birdei BarnagafTo P* Barique Zimeto Baroa Batoche Barraboa St. Bartholomew I. Bafaim P. Bifhar BifTora or Balfora BanioD 01 Fran, featallo M. Batavia Batecalao Baticala K.' and C. Batta P. feitufabar Batymena K. Bazedor R. Bccfangil Bcder Beerftieba Beggia P. and T. Beither Beocalis ' Beocouli Port Bcndel in Adea Bender Abafli Bender Congo Bender Rakel Beodcr Rik Bene A rax Bene Araxid F, BeDehafl M. Beoeftiaif Bene ZenSe M. Bengal P. Hi Gengnola P. and c. 31$ 7$ RENJAMIN Tribe 31 Santos Beniquan'd M. ^84 )12 Benthulud 17 J 81 Bcnijargar M. ibid. tfS Beninicjuer M. #71 10; Benin K. 110, in 19 — __City III 98 Benrart 183 314 BerarucabaM. . 3^4 180 Berdan P. 197 1 1 1 Bertni *^ lof Beimudai t. 27; 104 Beroot 17 ibid. Berric 179 28) Berfiamif:' Fop. 2)3 51 Bethibir, 32 129 Bethany 3 J 314 Bethdignn 37 293 Bethel 3a 9 Beth-h»am 31 32 . Bethlehem Judah 34 119 Bethlem 23 ■ 28 Bethmeth 27 130 Bethoron 30 102 Bethphogor 33 ao4 Bethfaida 28 103 — -Defart ibid. 104 BethfiD 21. 29 128 Bethfemei 35 I. Bethfemeth 27 279 Bethfliemofli 29 ibid. Bethfur or Bethrora 34 168 ^thulia ag 18$ Bettlis 52 193 Bezck 30«S4 no Biafara P. and G 112 ibid. Bicaner lox 199 Bijagis or Biafara 307 Terr. Bilcara 1 94 2U Bllcas 396 199 BILEOULGERID i9> 100 p. i;3 204 Biailipatan 1 112 278 Bipur P. ; : ,-.109 100 BIr orElbir , 47 24 Bitkeot 80 51 BifcayNew. P. 35$ 181 Bifoagar K. and C. 113 179 BIzo 171 118 Boa Vifti h 121 126 Bobat 174 109 Bocchiri 288 214 Bogota 287 120 Boholl. 133 109 BojadarCape 19J 19a Boin P. 9 $ Bombay I. loa 10$ Bombon Ter. 29$ 36 Bona P. and C. a 81 183 Borgi 194 103 Borneo I. 128 12S ——City a 39 127 BornoK. .I'ST 303 Bofciaaa I. 11 7$ Bofoor Bozra 32 ibid. Bofra 28 7) Bofra or BufTerith 41 ibid. Bofton New England 339 177 Botthera P. 187 ibid. Brampore 10$ t7$ BRAZIL 306 190 Brava 203 177 __ine 3at 103 BraraghulR. 2il 104 Brima P. lod C. 116 Brefcar or Berfac t19 Brinkalattre 103 Britain New 229 Brodrt lof Burker P. and C. 99 Buenvcntura 388 Bueo Ayrc I. 280 Buenos Ayres 319 Buen Vifta i. '3S Bugana 199 Bu|iia P. and C, 180 Bulaganiki Bulak 81 189 Bullodies Pop. 99 Burantz 81' Burattiaot Pop. ibid. Bulfa 6 BufTerith 4J Bui tons Bay 339 Butua F. andC. 217 Byana 97 Byra 31 Byferta P. and T. 182 Bzo or Biz* 171 CAbez I Cabo di T ii>:ci 10 Cabo Verde I. 221 Cabul in Pilenine 37 Cabul in India P. and C. 98 Cachet $6 Cacongo K. 213 -._R. ibid. Czfarea Flavia 30 1 Palaft ibid. -Philippi 27 CaFrei Coafl Cafia Cagemina I. Cairo Cairoan P. and T. C^ifar Calamianci I. Calao Fort Calcatta Calccoitlam K. and C Call Calicut K. and C. California Calipatam Callao Port Callamacha Calleada Callioubiech P. Callirhoe Calpentine I. Calvary M. Calvo Port Cambaia P. and C Cambalu Cambate K, Cambodia Cambori Cammara Camow Campeche T. Bay Campeng-pet Camper K. Cana Maj. of Galilee Cuuoitci 218, 219 194 309 ■ 88 183 10 133 178 ibid. 104 i«.8 288 109 2|0 ««S 295 102 ibid. 187 31 125 33 }ii .101 80 217 120 i8» 103 2^3 ibid. "7 H7 27 39 99' CANADA 330 .m-. — -Prop. saj •———River 33a Canara P. 109 Canaranc or Caypoumo K. «<7 393 321 ibid, azo ?» ibid. n 115 113 294 104 3c6 If^ ICO loj 146 117 3« 309 319 207 321 John 212 2» 30 310 34 «3? 47 II 388 100 loj Ito 179 28j 17 305 377 3u 271 21.28 Canarei Terr. Canaria Grand f. 0. Canary lllci Candabora Candahara P. dnd C. Candalor Cande in Ceylon Candegry Canela Terr. Cannowe Cano K. and C. Canoner K. and C. Canorein I. Canow Canton Caor P. and C. Caparofi ij. Cape Cors K. " Capeot unod Hope Cape Verd Kits 84 Cape and Bay Of St, Caperntium Capharfoluna Capibaribi Capfaul Capul I. Carahmet Caramania P. Caraminta Carania IIL Carapara Carapitan CarapulaM. Careta Carjathaim Caribana Caiibbee Ifles Carigi Carlos Carmcl MQui\t . M. in Judza CAROLINA Cartagena P. and C. Gartha Carthi?e - — — in Amet Catthau Carvallcda Cafa fa „ - Cafangas P. Caibin or Cafwin Cafcanes Fop. Caflian Cafimere P, and C. Cafion Cafphin Cafpian Sea Caflcna K. Cafltmbazar Calfubi K. CaRromtna Canruro Alexaodtinum Catbalogan Cathay P, »4-33 Catiapely Citryi Pop. 34 244 284 28 182 238 ay 28<S '74 207 70 2j6 7« 98 It 3S 71 206 104 •<7 9 30 lc9 S8 Carata .i ! The TABLE. S30 "I 109 :4ypounio K. «17 311 ibid, azo ?» ibid. II 115 11} 294 104 206 Iff 100 io« 146 117 i6 309 a. 9 207 321 John 3I£ 2» 30 310 H «?? 47 II 288 100 lOJ Iio 179 28j 17 30J a»7 3i( 1.28 34 244 184 28 182 i\incr 288 »u) 37 a8<S '74 407 ID 70 156 IC. ;3 2S 3$ 71 2o4 104 "7 idriauiD 30 109 t)it!f.A. 4«, ^ Cavad Ciucafm M CafiCe Cjxanalca Cayana Caypoumo K. Cedes Celebci I. City Celef R. Cento Foiii Ccnnereth Ccram 1. Cciika Ceuta Ccylun \. Chahol Clul<an or Chamak Chalccdon CHALOiCA Chile Chanchru Chaodifh P. Change Changte Cbangxa Chantcbon P. Chaoheu Chao-Hien Qhaque R. Charabcpa P. and C. Charabon loi Charcai Charlei Town Chafor ChatigiD Chativero Chalzan Chaul Chaui P. Chaxumo Chekiam P. Chetipore Chiagare Chiametlan P. Chiampa K. and C. Chiapa P. . City Chiapefei Pop. Chicanga P. Chioucheu CHILI Prop. P. Chiloe I. CHINA Chinchem Chiodittg Chiagan Chiogtu Chiokiang Chiongon Chiquito Chitor P. and C. Chirazoul Chiutaia Chizico Chocolococha Chocoporo Chokium Chonat St. Chriftophcit I. St.Chrinoral St. Chrillovaldc Lagnu 221 ehuchuyto 314 Cbunching 14$ 175 «9 iji 296 304 305 '«7 .-9 •'9 ibit. I7V 171 2> •3r 80 '74 12) 87 80 5 47 109 '45 10$ '47 146 ibid. "9 '47 '4$ 28j 4" 128 297 244 34 104 >>J 99 III •74 199 •4* 101 9 255 laj »6j 268 ibid. 'Z19 «4J 32J 324 328 1^6 MS »4? >45 146 '45 9 298 JOI 51 9 6 295 70 146 9 178 487 ChuD^ken Chuniaai Vvp. Cinilao P. Ciochen CinqvcD Ciraogapatam Cithebib Ciudad de loi Reyes Ciudad dos Reyes Ciudad Real Ciimbebai Pop. Coaltot tiDiing — Gold ■ . Oraiu o- 'Slaves — — Cafies Gen. ■ ..Prop. Cochao or Keccio Cocha I. Cochin K, and C> Cochiochina C. Cogni Col de Mudijarez COLCHiS Collis|AchiIlz Columba Com Comagre Comani Comaoi P. COMANIA Conioria Cape Comota Fort Comota^c P. Conceicao Conception in Brafil Coodapoly CONGO — — — Prop. ConncAicut P. Cooradiburgh K. Conftintina P. and C. Coracas Kort Coram la CorJS Coraxcma Cordocu Corifca f. Coro Coromandcl P. Corozaoi Carle Cape Corupa Colla Rica P. Cotate Cotatis Couco P. M. and C. Coulam K. and C. Coulour Cranginor K. and C. Crultma St. t^ruz I. St. Cruz de la Sierra CtefiphoD Cuba I. Cubagua I. Cucuran P. Cabulata Culuacan P< CumaniP.andGulph CumbaTa I. '4$ Jad 254 '43 14^ ««J 171 28j 29$ Chiapa 268 218 11$ 208 ibid, ibid. iio 318 219 122 33o 109 132 123 II «79 57 34 126 7« »8j lu ao8 59 108 309 117 310 »7' 317 III 211 aij 239 ac8 180 385 80 ibid. "9 318 312 aSj "3 28 209 309 271 ie8 59 178 ibid. ]o8 112 109 80 278 299 *' a7S a 80 109 293 254 a85 119 Cumberland I. Cuocan K. Cuodarera CuniigelberbcnM. Curazoa CURDISrAN Cuciga P. Cufco Cuyo or Chnchyto Cyprus I. Cyzicut D. DAbir Dabul Dacca Oagheftan P. Damant DaniaoQ Damarc Damafrut Dambea P, Djiiiietta Oamna Damut v. and C. Dan DAN Tribe Dancala Daacation M. Dankaleo Darabegerd Dardanus Oaiha P. and C. R. andC. Daiien Davii'/ Straights Dauphin's Fort Dauria P. Deafen Dec I. Decan K. DedesM. Defarzo Delaca I. DellyP. andC. Dembea L. Denmark New Ocod M. liepfaa Dcrbcnt Dcffeida I. Dnalar or Tacfob Diamond Mines UIARBECK Diarbcquir Diboie Diego Ramirez I. Diemcos Land Digligy Ncur St. 6imitri Oingifley Dibhabath Diol. andC. Diofpolis DiulK.andC. Odch Doltabat St. Domingo Dortiinica I. Dongo P. and C. Dora El Dorado Dothtim or Dothin 229 335 109 (13 • 75 280 Jl 109 Doulbore Ducala P. iii 4 4$: 397 T?An-Indi«s 334 JC, Kbal M. 12 Edefla 6 Edomor Adira Edomites tdrai EGYPT . Lower . -Middle 36 Upper no Eitrac 104 Elabab or Heliobafs $9 Elala 17 RItiefan l<o Elhir 43 Elcaiif 18 ElephaiKino 1. Ip9 El-Kiuin 188 Klhamma i8 Klk.ith 200 Eltcce 17 Elymaii 35 Emath 158 Emaus '99 Emenbade 10} Emouy 1. 76 End or 5 Endromit 195 Engiddi 192 Enganoim 248 England New 229 Enhadda 222 Ennon 82 Ephefus '94 Kphra 200 EPHRAIM Tribe 109 Ephron '71 Ephfa '99 Erack-Agemi P. 203 Erac 97 Ercngabad 199 Erirao •3i7 Eirir 2 CO Erzcrum 199 Efchol 58 Efeboo 279 Etkeriff or GGerif 43 Eiki-Hifar 112 Eski'StambouI I 4<5 Efpiritu Sanfto Cape 47 -— Town 3» Erquimaux P. EUab P. 335 ibid. EITckebe R. 127 Efterabad P. 7 Elleco or Talireri 9 Edeiro 3« Edotiland ai; lot Eftuca Ter. 30 Etechcmins Pop. 99 Los Evangelinoi L 3» Euphrates R. 105 St. Euflace I. ^75 Euxinc Sei 179 . ai$ 30 'W 8» 3° 47 32 ;i 173 ibid. 18B 1(0 171 104 36 ai 44 ICO Jt9o 184 V •f4 98 •47 39 7 29 138 29 'I ibid. 38 29 70 77 111 $1 >7S 52 35 32 70 9 6 313 ibid. S33 184 30$ 77 318 309 334 I9S 285 328 4> 378 if iv The TABLE FAgo I. Ill Famiguna i ) Finigortj 10 fntya P. 309 FarciU R. 19} Fliilhocni f. 118 FarfilUD P. 73 Fafcilo P. jod C »oo Fitci^ar P. ibid. I-It-Vjlley ■■•! St. Ke 2 1 7. J ' 9 ..— de BogoU ^87 — — de AoCiochia 288 Felimba %% Kcrjbiut or Ftrihbit 70 Fcrbjd 77 Kcrcf M. aeo Fcrnind de Neronlu I. 337 Fcrnaodez !• jaS FerD4Ddo Po. I. aai Ferro I, aao Fettipore « 97 Fettyabad 98 Feiu P. 2u8 Feuxue I. 144 FEZ t7a FezzenTcr. 193 Fida P. a 10 Fionda 1 1 FiDiiog-Coin 1 1 $ Fium 190 Fixtdle 171 Floret I. f 129 Florid* 847 FochCD -, 147 Foggii 7 Fogorn 199 Fokien P. 147 FoDi i^thiopfi )5 Foibidiei'i Straights 229 Formofa I. 147 FormoroB. I'l Fort William 104 St. Francerco de Marinha 309 de Quito 393 de Vitioria 297 Frootioiac 234 Fverteventura an FuDcheu >44 FuDgiaog ibid. Funniog 141 Fuoa , i88 •alilec Oamala Gamararii CanibiaoeC Gamma Gancta de Jcfui Gaogara K. and O4 Gangea Gaa^liDg Gam Caokiog Ganxgua Gaoga K. Garazu Garbia P. Garde Gated Oiret P. GarioD M. Garfit Garzopa K Gafera Gith G'ulon Gaza Gazer Geaocheu Gehud Gcio Geaehoa R. Generar Ter, St. George Fort de I GAbaa Gabnii Gabbathon Gabeon GAD Tribe Gademez Ter. Gago R. and C. Gaibem R. QalaadorGilead .Mount 17.27 3$ 32 3« >94 3o6i 2ia 38 34 Galas Pop. i«o Gilgal 30 Galgala 31 Gtle 01 PoaU ^Calle latf . andC 23 a a' 3tf 199 J JO • 99 105 £8 1 46 111 M» I4d '91 311 184 ai9 i7« 17$ 184 17$ ■ 10 30 i* 28 »4 30 «4J ioi 34 207 18 114 ia Mina P. 3o3 GKORGIA Cerar or Qergeia Gerazim M, Oerbei I. Gergcfhites Germian P. Gerfon GflTur Gethremmon GetfamaDC Gezir or Gexira Gcznia Ghir 5» 33 30 184 14 9 38 Ibid. 30, 31. 34 33 48 172 192 Cibbethon or GabbnthoD 35 Gibead or Oabaa 3a Gibeoo or Gabeon ibid. Gigeri P. aod C. 180 Gilal P. and G. £9. 70 Gilboa M. 29 Gi!ead 28 Lan<! 31 — -Jabeft 28 Ramoth it Gilgal or Galgala 3a Gilolol. 131 Cinana 304 Gingi P. and C. 1 14 GingiroK. a 17 Ginopoli '10 Gion or Gihon M. 33 GiraflamorH 179 Gtfcala 37 Goa It' i|0 Goga ^ IOI Gokonda K. 11 1 Foit iia Gold-Coafi ao8 Goletta P. and C. 1I2 Gombroo 7) Gomera 17s I. aai Gonzalci Cape aia Conxalo de Hat Good Hope cape Got P. Qorgona Qorno or Quotoo Gort Gory Gowra GoyameR. Goyana Goz Gozen Graio-Coaft or Granada New P, GranCanaria Grand Cairo Griga I. Groenland Gferiff- Guadalajara --.y— Prop. Guadlaupa I. Guadareri Cuadel Guaden Ter. Guadiborba R. Guagam I. Guagida Gualata P. and C. Gualeor P. and C. Guam I. Guamachnco Valley Guamanga Guanabani I. Guancavelica-Mines Guargala Ter. G uatiroala GoTcrnment Guava Ter. Guaxaca Prov. and Guayra P. Guber R. Gueldria Fort Guevetlan GuiamHres Pep. GUINEA III ai9 103 199 121 JI S« 104 loo 310 170 . 3* Nalagata 108 287 i8o ail 188 "35 119. 334 70 Culigien I. Gumanapi Gurchito Guria F. Gurial P. Guthcfizar Guzula or Cazurat P. 131 Gezula 1J4 255 J 79 112 7tf 194 175 >3J 177 207 102 »3S 39^ ibid. 374 297 194 267 26^ ibid. Valf. afia 319 206 268 311 208 109 '3«J ibid! 102 $7 58 9 t^^ S9 Main el Chain 1/4 Hainan I. 14^ Hainlifivor Air dGinuni •7J Haliarnafliu 8 Hamidaa 71 HacT/ath 34. 37 Haincheu lay Hammaraeth 183 Hamoo 37 Hamfe 1 1 Hangchn 14^ Han;ang ibid. Harefgold P. and C 17B Hailware loj Harma or Hormt ^S Harofcth 17 Hirpel 51 Hafcora P. lyi Haror 37. 34 HalTera io( Harana Z'ji Hanchung 144 Hayamaa 43 Hayr 195 Hea Pr. 170 Hcber Tent af Hebron ijj 34 St. Helena ?. 124, 222. Heliabari or Praya 104 Helon JO. Hemfa n Henan 123 Herat in Arab. ^2 — or Kitt IB Perfia 77 Hermits I, 33^ Heflibon 32 Heritet 24 Hicncheu 14^ Hierro I. 320 Hilanooflei Pop. 134 HimilTa A. 19^ Hicidowns P. and C. 99 Hinete 14A Hingang ibid. Hinnom Vail. Hippos Hilara Etk: HAbat P. 174 Haced-Hebra R. 176 Hacoc 37 Hadagia 17) fiadeqaii 170 ftadcdi M. ibid. Hacn 36 Hai 32 Hdkiw V Nomgikaw 98 II -Sikaa Hittites Hoeipore Hokiea Holon Hojang Homgikau Honan P. Honang Honduras P. Horeb M. Horn I. Hotentois Pop. Howafch A. Hoycheu. Huao M. Hnangches Hubet HudfoD'i Straight aod Bay 22^ Haed el quiber R. 177 Huguely or Ouguely 104 Huillons Pop. 325 Humaubar P. and G. 1 78 HungKhing 14^ Huquam P. 14^ Huroni Lake a|o P. ilnd. »4 »»* M? 34 144 98 ibid. 270 4» 33$ aiy 20$ 146 n9 144 146 Air ciCioum t * 8 »4«a7 183 a? II 144 ibid. DdC 178 109 irmt j< a? 5f •71 87.34 lot »7« 144 4» 196 170 af »4 3X2. 104 V It HyrciDun) C 0/ ASIA, AFRICA and AMfeRICA. 114. ■lat IS 77 93» 3S »4 146 320 »J4 »S»l 99 144 a8 ibid. U »o» '4? 34 144 98 ■44 270 4» 33$ 319 20$ 146 '79 14^ Bay 23^ •7T 104 3»* 178 '4< I4» a|o P. t. fAbcAi-GilMd TwKcm J«ob-. Well • IiITj ijffnjpi'iiin 1. Jigo I. .. ■ .awcf — — deCabi ._— dc Chili del Kiteco ^ »■ -de Quiyjquil .1 de Leon ■' -de loi 134 30 38 SOI 110 30 31 13$ 104 31 393 «75 v>t 393 285 tih if ihor H8, lif jhun 60 llefoBfo de lot Zopotecn ll^ikoy IIHcot C. Illiaoii Lilie InMTis I. IMKRITIA ImperiaJ de ehifi 81 JI2 »34 57. j» 3»4 igo ahfc -delotVilIci ;os Pop. for or Jazer ilac alirdiian M. lallainilca [ alore Pop. ' amaica I. ' amba P. and C. ambe K> and C. amci R. Jaraoia joeiro R. Town [ aDgcheu iDgjan . logimg angoma K. ; APON aqucDctte ; tfa ' i(quei ' afliCeD ° ava !• ', "*' ' coaiuffl Idaofquerit Tcr. IDUMiCA Jeblao ebufitu ecfe cdiiD^h ' econam ' elianabad ehofaplMt Valley elcauat ' ekutikoi " eloiire emnian or Hayaman eneziikoy Jenping eaupar P. and C. eremotli ericho ■ ERSEY New erufalem 3i elielniere P. and C. MontaDCi 394 ESSO-LAND effualP. ' etiier ethloD ellrael »_— valley Ifran Ter. 14* 29$ 217 3< 198 ft lo2 207 37« 102 r2B 843 3J 3i3 ibid. >4< 146 • 17 150 101 3» 76 194 128 31 II "95 iJ-3« 30 »4 >44 3« 39 103 33 103 8* 103 4* 81 M7 97 34 33 24* 33 99 835 103 34 33 a9'34 3J 19$ India extra Gang m 11 ) — '-— iotra UiDgem 107 INDIES Eafi 8) INDOSTAN 89 lodrapoura uf Infuma tort 3oJ Inhamttane P. aig lohamior ibid, ocape II ocheu 146 ockheel 42 oganat 99 t. John li i )5 —— Cape iDd Bay 21^ opha 18 oppa 11. 3» /or or ]ihor 118, 119 \ ordao R. ] ototapa : ro^uois Pop. Irvan orKrivan iragodat Idcaoa Iflei of Cape Verde of Salt —of Spice ine or loril Ifmia irmigimid Koiir Ifwich ir^ihan ISSACHARTiibe Itamariko C. 1. lupua Itita Ter. Hay Joan Fernandez I. St. Juan I. II *35 >7I ■ I 331 ibid. 129 •77 ' 6 ibid. 7 6 71 9 310 ibid. V9 •95 97 Jl8 "35 ■ de la FroDtcra 29^. 324 — •— de la Vittoria 296 deUlra i6i JUDAEA ai. 3} Ancient -^— Modero Prop. UOAH Tribe ukel-liadra M. alias unrheu uogiaog uDging iTOfy-Coafl K. KAbania Radefli-Barnea NaphUli Kiel. Kaihoa Kakirci P. 33 21 3» 33 17' 28 •43 146 • 43 209 82 4» 17 •3« 146 103 Kandiffi P. RAiduaiu Kapibiri R. Karakancaka Kan Kcdar ——Tent* Kedemoth Keila or Ceila Kelnninie I. Kherman P. and t- Khocmus P. Kfakiog KlamniD Ktimii P. Rincheu Kingcheu EiDghoa KIngKoa Kiogi I. Kirfath Arba — — Jeirim Sepher Kirio KiHOcheu Komor Core KoDOi Pop. Korkora Kufa LAbech R. Labet P. Ubfa Lacootai P. Lidock R. LAORUNES Idel ii .. .MProp. Lady of Loretto Ughi Laguna Lahor P. and C. Lajazzo Lalcheu Laiping Lake M. Liibaifflon M. LamoM Lamo Landa Laogo I. Laozarote Laodicea Laongo R. Laoi Pop. Lar P. and C. Larache Laraza I. Largary R. Lafi or Laflia LalTich or Labfa Latidiea St. Lawrence I. Leaotum P. Leatnm or Xioyam Lehi or Ramoth Lehi Leroba P. and C Lempta or Ygudi Leon de Nicaragua •r-^de G'uanuco Lerio Uro I. Labo* Leydlaamheid F. Leyte I. C c e c 105 '3 J" 103 3J ■J'' ibid. a 34 75 76 77 •45 '14 IbiY. ibid. •47 , '45 3j$ ib^dt 3« Si •45 71 8a 200 51 los Lhinot de Cireri Libanm Libna Lleofia Lidda Ligor P. and C. Lima I'. Vail, and C Limgaog Liitipo Lingcheu Liokimg Livi ai Lcmboc I. Londrei Loulfiana Lourebandet LoMvu Loxi Loyola Lub^n I. Lucayo I. Luclieu St. Lucia I. Luconia I. Luco A. Luixio Lutay I. Lymcfco Lycia r aSif li »J §0 119 394 39> »4« '♦] I4< •4* 91 ii> 5*9 ri9 293 •94 •31 274 •45 331. >79 133' •44 • ttii-f; 133 13 II »34i »93 •7» llJ •77 iJ.V. $21 97 II •43 145 300 334 130 204 129 la *ai 9 212 "7 74 •74 7$ • '7 32 44 •7 322 148 81 3$ 313 •97 *7o 396 10 • 3 ibid. 209 133 M. MAcao f. Mjcalfer Miceda or Mckkeda Maceilata P. and T. Macao I. Machali Machcrei Micherui Machim (. Machipore Tcr. Ma.:hin)i Machoi I. Micoco Madagafcar 1. Madera I. Midianitci m Arabia Madrafpaiain Midre de Uioi F. Madura P. and C. Magadoxa K. MagaraTc M. Magdadcl Magdakn R. Magdalim Mageddo Field MACKLLANICA Magellaoick Straight Mageth Magiddo Magram M. Mahanaim Mahu Majima Makcrao Pr. Makian Malabar Malacca Malaguetta P. Malanba K. Malda MALDIVE ia<i Malta I. Malriy P^ 147 lip 34 1 84 38 i»4 3t 131 30 ) •IS aitf 323 32o 3» "4 328 •IS 203 '79. 3t 2if 28 29 US •bid. 3« i<* »7I 31 »4« is 14 4x •08 ia» 208 ai& 10^ 137 a2|[ lOt Mam} VI Mamipatini io$ M>nirc PUia aad Otk 34 Hiii iz Manier I. latf ManirK. nr MANASSKH Tfibe a.j. 29 MiDcheipitan iiz Miodiogx K. 307 Miifldo 101 MindriDclK. 117 Mwilht > 1)1 Maoa 34 Muracaibo Like *Sd M*r<cipiD« ibidk Mirmpi 317 MiriDhao Cap. aof ' Iflc and Town ibidv Kari;aritjl. 280 S(. MarU I. 938 —del ..gofto 317 Mtrian I. or UdroDCS i;$ MirigalJoU I. 279 Marmora I. tf Marofch 1 11 Marfa liii MarM K. 109 Martaban K. aad C. 116 Sr. Martha R. aSt Sr. Martin I. «78 Martin Vaz. I. 327 Martiriico I. ' 279 Mary-Laod 242 Mi»ate r. 133 Mifciloth iy Mtichatc 44 Mifchidi 77 m^ 3( >— iTer. 27 Mafphiia $2 Maflachufet P. 138 MatVada 34 Mairayafan P. 270 MatTce loj MafagaraM. 17* MatamaDH. a<f Mataran ''' Matfulipatan St. Mitthnv Miugerol Maurices Town Tt« TABIiB: r (\ Me!IUa Mcmabo K. Memphis Mcndnza MENGRELIA Menoufia P. Meatcfele P. Mephit Mequeb Huan M^qucitia Merceraca I. Merdio MexgteD Merida Mcfa or Tezar MESOPOTAMIA Meifa Meflar Mcfiinpi B. Kictcleno I. Mtvat P. MEXICO I. in I. MlutitJui M»70 1. Mayuivibt P. ud C. "Mnagatn Mtzagoao Matil^uirir Mazaudcran P. and Z. Maiui I. Mm la M«cc« P. and C. Meriic'caa f, Mcdaba Mtdina Medra K. and C Medua or Mua Metile Msgtta M. MfRgW Mche«ia P. Mtkktda Mdujwf MdiM< K- <nd C ■ Meitt p. iirtl C 22* 101 Brazil 311 MZ$ 331 I3,IIJ I7« ' »79 ibid. 69, 70 a 02 P9 4» «59 3Z 43 111 178 tto «7<5 «75 34 >I4 ao4 207 558, ; JT8 NpntQirini MoDtfente I. . If M 39 . I7J .n.^4!l a ■ »,7J> I34»a3a Ma -aj3 Gav(riunect.i;7 City ibid,! P.andC. 25f^»*'o — — -New Mezran P. Mcziioa Mnzab T-cr. Miatnis (■'. Miatbir M. Miathir or Cento St. Mifti, < Micliael d. Poyuki MicUi.' or Mifilc Midianitcj Mifj'wie St. Miguel ■ do Piuri. »»— — de Ribcra Miictui Mili^na P. and C. Mini R. Mindanao I. —-. City Mindoro I. Minio Miratlorec Miiom'.io K. Mlzp«h or Mafphiia Mizpctl) MoaSutes Moaoto K. Mocho P. and C. Mocbo t. Modin Modra K. Mogador MOaOLISTAN MOLUCCA Iflcs Momua Monafierio Monbaz* K. indl C Mon'ncka Nondoue Mangale K. MRDgalioo Pop. ttloagoapa R. Mongui Monica MiM« MoBoemugi MONOMOTAPA t»S, 178 194' 134 174 Pozzi i7r ■31* IRS 24. -tl J 103 187.-3.18 293 8 178 «34 ibid. i}3 l»o »H aog »» 8( "7 43»4* •J98 31 I7b 89 130 ab4 Jir 10$ los 8» 3to 8» *ao liiS ibid. »7 •r? 170 105 Moftagan P. and C. Notirl. Mtiuleu ,lbunt of the Moon ai? ——Sun lyi Monrdlet Pop. 117 Soti(i4 /> 43 ozjiRibique P. ind C 304 Mudcjarei 180 MuiacoK. ailS MuliaoP.indC. ,9B Munia 190 Muterta P. and C 1 109 Myndui 8 Myri II N ■ Prop, ai7,tift City klg N, Abis 181 Natfothi Vinayatd .39 .«» 4 lt>Z 19 3» »** 144 ibid,. 144 102 MS *f ai.-jo aqo 3fl 1*3 loa 309 18, .♦ 30 aoo. 31 31 . Uli -l8o 103, ..1^8 •J4 3C9 305 i»4 1 2d 35 12^ ia9 317 8a 8 a8d IM 229.3}$ Nacklivaa N^dala N^dor Nain Najoth Nam Cipe Namldo NaJDchaog Nangaag NUo^^kiaflg Naag,:ing P. Naneraaiul P. and C. Mwuang NAPHTHALI Tribe 'Naplofa Narea P. Narblata NatfiDgi Narvar P. Naflan F- Na(« ' Natolia Nari^ur Nazareth Neapolii Jud. Ncbvffa Nebo " . 1 Mount. Ncbol or NfiUs. Necaur Nccbal Ned HoRM. Nefiirui M. , Ncgapatim Negro A. NCGROLAND Negroi I. Negsmbo Nebol Efcbol Nellismby-neur Nera I. Neronha h Nenimkoi KeTi Nevii I. New Aodaiufia P. »~.Bircay P. .Britain New Guinea .^-Holland — — jerfey ——Mexico ■ — North Waioi - — Orange Port «— Jlegofi*. -—Spain »— 'Valencia .—Wale* ■ — Xerei Yc.k ■ Zealand Newfoundland Nicaragua P. aal L. Nieiria I. St.Nicholail.. Nichor Nicopolii Nicolia Nicoya Nienchen Ciiicnclieu Nieucheu P. Nie»ij I. 1 , Nile a. Nimpo NiBchi Nincritia Nineveh NIoing Nilibii or Nta.'ia MuKian P. Ncib or Nobe Sombre de Oioa Nova GitiDca.. ' Nova Zembla NU3IA — C. Nudnea 131 53S 34a 2;a 33J 1 09 16 I 429 389 340 33 S *79 370 12 aai 6 34 '3 171 ibid. 81 87* if-o. a 14 ^\ 81 i4 »44 ♦« 8( 3» 33$ 33T 197 i9r ,104; i}i Neuftra Jcnora de Carnllerfa' 38^' ' de ConceJrao • de la Pe «— -de Loretto das Ncvea deiaPaz. Nutva Xcres Nua Terr. ; ■. 310 i'1 920 310 a8tf.298 2S6 -Denmark -England ..Granada a»9. 13 J P. I8y ODalla OkJia or Siam Olenai Pop. OliretM. Onioa! or Anioul OaorK. andC. Ootaria Lake Oran P. and & Orcllana B. Ort a or Orplia Or^abra J ;,!. Orma P. and C OUDUI I. OronMnte Oronna Oronoco Ri Oroixfa Oforno Oiiden Ougueli OaJcflcr Government Ourta or Ourche 119 8a 33 70 334. 179: 303 3o»| »8» ■•Sill M« lOfti 104, «bi<». 70 0/ ASIA, AFRICA/*/*/ AMERICA. '^t in IOft< 104, 70 V, PAcamoris ?. Pochaania ViU. Picho PaCliDg ' Pahtrchii Pklefecepfii Pallior Ptiicite Pallmbja K. and C. Pifm* Pinnofa I. Palmyra p«lormi Vtht piu PatlaDC Paoay !• Paneai Paugo P. and C. paouco P> and C Paodiot; faokicg paomiog Paphoi pan Cap. , -Fort pJMgua I. PARAGUAY Prop. P. — — R. Parana P. R. Patinapa R. Parangaie Parayba Olf^ Paria P. — -Uke pattafpia C. palcaDna^'o VaU. Pafe Pifir Pafto Patagones Pop. Parana K. PaUra Pataua G. Bile VlitDa p. and & Pitouivek R. llccana St. Paul de Loaada PiyU Port Paz Vera Pearl I. Ptgu K. and C. Ptkim P. andC Ftligonga Pella Ptmba P. and & Ptoderachi P. PcngabP. addC. Penguin I. Pennon de Velcz Pdifylwnia „ , "■' P<:nt»pouli oc PeMy-Polc 1 1 4 Penuel ,.V Peraa ""'• Perga " J194 99 ISO 8 7 10$ 118 287 aio la '7 6 I0» l< aS) 109 i?J «7 ai4 ajS Ibid. n 909 ibid. »3I 3»* J16 3 '7 3«i» 3«7 320 109 910 ibid. ' its »99 loj S95 304 7tf s88 i:6 19, lao II 104 lot lOJ 343 104 3'4 ai4 195 368 318 116 142 I'? iS 314 9 97 3'8 «7i 341 jn. Pcreamui 7 HiodelaPIataP. |i8 P«ria 17 *■■ ■■ .Rlur ibid. Pcmamouco dpi 310 q. 192 Perrepolit 74 Riflintagao lot PERSIA tfo r^Uamoy 1. VsJ Quimfi P. M7 R6)aniahel 104 PtrlianSeaotOultrfi 76 146 Roni P. 9 PIRU 290 Ouancheu ibid. Roob «7 394 Quantum P. ibid. Rbtetto 1«3 Peflinui 9 <^aqua . 209 Rotai 104 mra hifty-pole 4» J14 Quebec Qieda »34 120 Phanuel 31 <^icheu 146 & Pfiarannica 3« toiemado Port 29* " Pharoi lis Qifcojg Ter. "94 OAanah Saara or Zora 44 Pbiladclphii « jAeyang 146 35 ——■a America 94» (^kn 147 Saba Plain J Philippina 133 {^niencliang 14S 1. io America PHILIPPlNEIJLANOSl^a Qjlloa K. and C. 3o4 Saboc P. 209 PHILISTINES 3i QUincfa P. 220 Saefpara I. 'II PHOENICIA 17 Quinte M4 Sifh Phdgor M. 9> QuSri 33$ Sarti ill Plepely 104 Qiilto as* Safflet it Pirgah M. 31 loi Qpitoi P. 294 'JIagalallus II Pitana 7 Qutsanipio *4i Sagucnay P . 933 Pingeo «4< (^oangfin Hi Said t9<i Pingiang »44 Quoinptung I4< S'kifadaci la Pinginen 14? Quoja K. ac8 Sala or Sella 174 Pingliang 144 <^oog<i I4« Sitem 29 Pinjung 146 Qttongte '4S Salhia 3< Pitana 7 Salt 1. 2t Pitange 311 Samaria 2$. 30 Pitiu P. and C JOJ «. Samarkand 80 Plain of Saeba 29 SulAbal f. and C. 10? Ca Plat* 197 n Abba r\. Rabbath 31 Saittongtr 91 P. 318 S9. 31 Sanios r. 14 318 Racka 47 Sjinfea Pr. 57.58 Plimouth P. New FJlg. 839 Radimpore 99 San Chitoval 287 Plinthine 188 Rageapore loi Sant Juan de lllva 261 Podiagabro 109 Ragclim 3« Sant Franccfco Maraohas Polar Countriei 12» Rajapore 103 309 Pontichery 288 Raja Ranai tQ% . — ide Quito afVJ PopayanP.andC. Ramath 30 . de la Vittoria aPT Popo Port aio La Rajneda 985 •— «>Miguel »3' r. 318 Porca K. and C. 109 Ramoth 29 • de Fiura 293 Porco 293 RaWth Gilead 3" 311 Port Royal 276 . 277 Eiailcana 105 — -de Ribcra 29tf Porto Bello 2«J Rancheria • , 28s . — , Salvador i6i i.311 Cooflaozo «3 Rantipore ini • — Scbaflian de buena 311 Raphaio Vail. 33 Vifta 284 _— Sanao I. 220 Rappahannock R. 24s Sangara 317 -Seguio Cape 31a Rawree 99 Sangiang 14$ 313 Rebbta .7? Sangualoc P. anu C. Saolaraa il3 Polrngaram I20 Redbuda lot Potafi 398 Red 5ea 303 Santiago \. 231 Poutfelouc P. and C. 118 Remmoo aS »^de Chili 324 Praya 104 ^cphaim 41 — -de Cuba 275 Prcller John 203 Retel Ter. <$4« .—dc r ERe:o 313 Prince* I. 221 REUBEN Tribe 3' — lit Guayaquil 393 Providence I. iH Lo> Reyci R. 194 —-de Leon 2&I Prurop "A -Fort 309 Ptolenuis Rhlnocorura or Pharinnica 294 Pucbia de lot Angela 2iir 3« — de loi Vallfs 3»»' Pueblo NoTO 398 (Rhodes 1. 13 Santjuan de la Frontera Puerto Quemado 2>< KiliiorRacka .t; »96. m Rico I. 276 Rid dc lai EafCit — — dela Vittoria 39^ Viejo 293 — Bamba 393 Santa Cruz I. 278 Pulo Coudore 127 •i — Blanco R. 19B — — de la Sierra 399 Polorin J. ibfa? .. — Pormofo 311 -Fe 27 J. a88 Puloway F. • — Grande Cap. 309 ibid. — — de Autiochia Puna 1. SI8 • — Rirer • ——Maria 1. 328 Punta Galla latf deliHachaP.andC. Santa Cruz del Apollo 327 ——Pedro Cape Jlo aSj — — Marta f. 284 Purbola 10) — ~de Janeiro Cap 313 C. 38s Pattant P. 98 ——Town ibid. R. 293 Pyramids of Egypt j8> 383 ■ Martha R. 288 -i— Negro 80} Santo Domioga »7» Lei Vlll ■ The.. .T loiS4ntot(. ' a»? SiBB*ng M4 3«7 SiDektefimo SiiiKoa »4« Sirdii 8 I4<f SiiRcl p. «ml C. IT> Sitim *» <^>tigiiD I. «J'.t Sittace n SiroDi ?'■' Sl,ive CoalV •no S»{M0ta I. >?< Sntyrua 7 S^feion 104 SocoDufcoP. 3^8 Sitalyad II Sohar 44 Sitigan ic4 Soliig!(n Pop. «14 Sivalopoli 59 Sole if Sjiid-brury 98 Solamon f. 31^ • 3}1 Sbvu 01 Sin 70 Soihibrcro 1, »1i Siyd i8 Somege M. Oi Scjniandria 7 Soogoro R. <i Sc4»deilMd 97 SeaDo V. and C. 3i )>ti4 Sc4ndrrooo «<J Soret P. 99 ScirpjDto I. 11 Sofa I75> Schniheng •^ Soamei'pore 104 SchjiiMchte Soui'icuoit Pop. li6 Schipor ic$ Soufa 183 Scheropfit «S Sfturoi or deal 207 Schirii 7$» SPAIN New 3;} Scliiiwin P. 68 SpiDifli town »79 Schoutct 7» Spartel Cape «74 9cio 1. IZ SPICK-ISUNOS U9 Scotiri 119 Sp'g* C Scytho(ioii( de UIm i($a Spitiberg S3$ Scbafte 30 Stampala I. 13 Scbafliin de boea> VitU SMmchioI. ibid. 2«4 Staten I. 149 Sccimioum 19 Stefa 180 Scgclmclia ?, >94 StotcLind 339 Segetipe Cipt. »«• Straton Tower 30 $cgo»i» New iStf Suaquam 202 Scli or jockhcel 4i Succadano aa? Selcucia 17.48 Succoth Ji 11 Suchcn M? Seltii 174 Sucbuen i4& SelfchJ a8 Sueta 28 SemalUi 9 Sufgcfflar R. 177 Scmedo M. 170 Suichfu >4f Semena R. 97 Suigee 103 Scnxtvn 28 Sultan-Hifar 9 M. 3° SulciDia 69 Sephct 27 Sumatra IF. iir Scphosii a8 Suns ^ 29 flef »7 Sunan ■ it4« Senna 324 SUNDA ISLANDS iji> Serinhaim 311 .—P. and C. in Africa Sctim or Sithim ?1 2U lit Seocafdu M, '7$ Sundiva I. Sevilla del Oto 194 SuokiaDR 14$ Shiio 3' Sur 18 Sfiuna 19 S«ram $< Siira Cipt. 309 Suras ;o Siba !■, lOJ Suract 10* Silwld dc Wierde t. ai7 Suriatm 3*1 Sibu or Zebu <3} SmjP. 170 Stchar JO R. 171 Skhtia ibid. Sufi or Soufa P. and T • '83 Sidon 18 .9ullor or Schonfltr 73 Sierra Lcoia M. R. and K. Sw.illey-hole 100 308 Syam K. 117 La Sierti in Aimrici 399 City "9 Sigia M4 Syraoga loa Sigiftan P. 7< Syrenaker SYRIA 9* AcgoKL «7(J H Sillcry »»4 Syrioi 97 Silo 3» SIMEON Tribe 3^ *^ SiffltfTo 9 Sinibe ibid. Sinai M. 4» Sincapoura lao SiadkP.andC. 99 ABLE TiAbac MiriaKock Tabaina M. Taborai I. Tabxriftan Tabarco P. and C. Tabar Tajiora M. Ta;.;c Tacfob Tadroor TafiletP.aadC Tigoaft Tagodaft Taichea Taiting Tsiengand Tamalaineque Tanialmi Tamraercy Tana Taiialfcty Tandaya I. Tan^kiang R. Tan;owar P. and C Tanor P. and C Tarueintkoy Taoy Taperlci I. Tapi'itia Tapie K. Tapuyers Pop. Targa or Hayr TiU^czian Pop. Taricl\ea Tarquer. Tarrare M. Tarfui Tartar or Tatfar Tartaria Oefeita «- Propria TARTARY Tanudante Tatta P. sod C. Tartar Ta»ay R. Tauloeure Taurit Taxilla Tayea or Teej Tazatiy K. Tchembol R, TcHonii It Tcarregu Ter.. Tebella P. and C. Teburit Tecaut Tccchort Ter, Ttcoa Tffdddei Tedia P. Tedoef) 1!e« Tefelhne Tefnarc Tefflii Tefit* Tegaa Tegazza Dtfrrt Tegorarin P. Tenaima P. TeiMiga e. «33 »«3 •e «7« 4» 43 «7 «95 171 ibid. M» •44 'oj 285 1^8 98 30 97 «33 <4» »I4 10^ 8i Hi 31* 31" 3» lOjs 311 175 i9< Ss 39 "I II 80 8a ibid. 78 «7« 99 80 117 IDS 6t 101 43 117 96 98 »94 178 ibid. '7« »94 U >79 •71 170 43 •70 >77 51 <7« 14^ t^i '94 43 10$ TelmefTu! 11 TcmcfuoD f., 17:; Tfcn-igMent , 194 Tenaifarim P, and C. 119 Tcpcheog 144 Tevedot |;' 12 Tcneriff I. aar •—in Anerici tSj TenezP.andC »■)» Tengcheu 143 Tenu f Hebor 37 . r-disr 3» Tequldeat 178 Terar 17 j Tcrga or Tary,* ibid. Ternate I. tjo Terra 30 Terra Auftraliv Ineogi'uta 331 TERRA PiitMA Tcrrama Ycr. Tcrza i'^febit Ter. TeCegddt Tefoc R. Teffjr* Tellet P. — -Ter. and C. Tellote Tctuan or Tct^i Teurcit Teufegzet Tcuziu teztezi Thagia Thaidiflg Thaiping Thamma or Thamuata Th^Dtr. Tliarah Thiyen Thibet or Tlicbn 10 Xgypt Thecua'or I'ecm 7'hoobaint« TheoUclia Thertffa TKcrfa rheibc Thibet ThitmmiBg Thira Tliob or Tcii Ter. St. Tlionuts I. -— ill Gmmt ThoroB Thyatira Tibdbelt Titxrin Tidor S. Tierra del Ftwgi Tigrc P. and C Tigris R. Tiatefquet Timor L Tina Tingche« Ttocenkouk Tipra K. Tirabad or Fcrtiad Tire poller Titicaca Like TltfaiU V. Ci£t Tob Ter. Tobigo I. Tocat 28a ja «»4 «7« lj« 178 ibid. in Ml iibicl. • 7? »94 1S» «4<5 M« 3* 30 4* M4 30 34 SH 194 i( 30 ill Ml 9 31 aaa 31 9 31. 38 131 3»7 »99 45 '99 39 3* «47 «4« »J7 77 I»4 »9t »6t Ux alo to Todg/i .> J*' it •94 C. 119 •44 IX ati t«j f}» Ui II ibid. KjtO 30 gi'uti 9i« iSa 3" 194 170 ibid. »yii ibut. ibid. m It* M< 30 4* »44 90 I9» »4 »n ai V* • I* Ml 9 91 sat f^ ai > 31. ag 131 327 199 4$ 29 f« M7 »4t 117 77 "4 "97 atft U* a8o 10 Todgi Todgt Ttr. «t)d R. Tolu TombutK. Tongu P. Tongue o^ «. TODOI^IU ^' * TonqwB ' •% Bay Topuchla lliuinitisii TopJiet Vail 1V>ta]r R. aJd C Tower of Stsutoo Trabfzond Traciionitii Tralii;! Tranguebir Tfjti'ian* R. TuviDeour K. Traxt Tretiwieo P. «ad C. Tres Reyts Foft La Trinidad Ifle a8o, _~.~GMtini Trinity I. Trinquentakt TtipitI TRIPOLI K. -P. and C. TripoUj PoDfiw ' ., ....-Syrig Trea« Troy Tfi«il!o if) Mextoo »..ia Peru »».in Terra FiUna Tfchcil-Minar Tuban Tucuman P. Tucuyo Tup,«en T'jiimor or *;Ma*4 Tv.»vb<iR. Tungchaog Tun^chea TuDgin « X, TuDgoha TibD^uri Pop. • '.V .'(* Of ASIA. AFRICA and AMERICA. ijt *2* sB4 39 116 ai7 ayS lai laa 80 n 3» 10 aj 9 • 14 117 108 $1 117 185 adS 3»7 ia$ '!» 184 9 ••; ibid. 270 a«t5 74 128 3'7 aSd 141$ aj4 «4i '45 146 ibid. Sa A „.„ Tuogoziin Pop. TuDii K and C> TUaCOMANtA Turkiftan P. Tutccory Tu7ia TYRB V. V't^L n Vakiog Vtlencia New Valet ta VaHadoKd in Amcrici V«J»erdc Uche - » UdafliP. Ui if Udioikoy Vel» dc la Gonen Veloui VeDften Venezuela P. VcraCfu/ ,„.j Vengea P. -> . .. VSKDK-CAFE la Verna r. Ugot, .1.1 VteuciKn Viichan^ VriepK. Villa de Maria Villa Rica in Mexico in Paraguay ».Vc!ha St. Vincrnt I. .— . I. in America C<pt. iu BrJv.iI —Town Virguict f. VIRGIN I --1 V'iiQapor K. and C. ua Vouria U{ «r the Chaldto Urbs V. aud T. Vredribeog f. ^ Urii „\ n ibid. 181 li 18 ibid. ,'8i3(5 11.J 294 99 1 10) 8j >75 ««J J4$ i«5 . Zil aji aat 117 I |0( r«4S 146 l«7 284 16 3»7 3'a ail 2S0 i'4 278 84^ 110 81 7 f Umica P. WALKS NEW Wiapoco C ■;, WiUiam-ForC „ WiogerU -^ 320 ibid. 239 104 110 X X. Ael Xalifcoi'.aadC jITJ. 2ihafp Z. ZARABA ZABULON Tribe Zacacecas P. ibd C. ZjcheC Zagan Zag^atluy P. Xaniuen _. Xanchcu Xanking Xanfi P. Xanttiui Xaatnm P. Xanxa Port XinxaTe M.^ Xao. 1'. Xcoing Xexn Nmcm" Niuchan Xisigaa Xolto t. Xunkiog Xunte XuotioA-Fa Xuxun ■•..A •'A 44 S5d '44 146 , ibid. 1 '44 II «4J 170 loo I4d »44 iSS 146 82 145 4i ibid. 318 Adock or ladock a. 177 „ YERACK Yefoi'.' '-•* Yi(u.izu' Yinzolin YORK NEW YucaUn P. Yunnan P. and C. YupiF. ..".HA .■■r'l I»mA ijA 48 7} 81 3'9 •55 240 a4» I4« , 81 *- ■■'••'tr ». 'S>ii» »„tf. fpa Zaire K. aad L. Z^nsura Ziofari K. Zaogutoir COift - — r. Zanbaga P. Zaora Zcb Zcbe l.andC. Zegz'f g K. " Zeila Z<na i^cnoo 7.0401 ZiiR. ZliienR. Zhiacbc'u Ziiiveu'viicu llbcjiP.mdQ. Zibia SI Zinan Z'Dcheu Zin^swx R. Zoar- , Zobali"- Zoratbra L Zoftia P. and T. Lot Zopotecai Zura Zurnziga 1 Ik "^ ,t,y. doH (9^ 28 29 ai» 30) 5S 8i» 214 »9S 90:1 2«a 204 1 96 184 "I lo5 203 284 4? 1761 '*♦! 146 147 4?. 4r 175 >4J S^S «77 I7<S It 1C4 2.»0 J«» 3* '44 .-.;» •I, .(.Mil.! . , 'i .111- I i'.'f Dddd Art yliMif"* !>•> t . -^ .(.»(<!»* ir»fc V, j.l1»(MtV' .!I.f., i.J.Hstf'. \ t« itSmwl ,!mn>3. A \ "«>'V^8W'l"" ■■ .AOi :HM; \^«^ PDmih .AI2A v> tor c8 wfiil ,:r. ,ija,..v »y Ap Alphdbetkial •»--.-r*it T n..'i i-.jjr.i'.V B 1. 1 .1 ■r„-OT ■K/- r,.T E •ipavi Of the Ancient Latin Names of P/aces I .-•il.i'ifjoT 4OG EUROPE, ASIA a«d AFRICA, .mentioned in this Work, with the Modern Appofite. denote the Pages Names .■1' ■Note, The Fibres wich ..) .-.-., Afterift; vc; .it.. of the Second Part. A. i^' btllid]. AbbitifcelU. AOonc. A&ravjDus. ^bforui Abjdus, 4cci. A^haii. Achccoati). Acri. AAium. Acuta. Ad Anuni. Addinu. Ad Pontcm. Adrumctum. AdttiticiTjagoront Adur). Adurni Porfui. ^dui Pop. Gail. j^Hilium. M\ii Capi(ttolini. /Klii Pom. MiMtt. /tmathia. .•Emonii. 1 /toli.i .'Eolii .4;qui Pop. Aaii. Africa Propria Agaiha. Agflflcum. pen-; MfikthefRManR. 51 AWo *6 (riaiix 344 Grnee 44845? 37 lb ActritixM ytttXpmera '■ C4ft Fitoli Aipmpenaente Wittbuin Tecltltltx ' pMnittn. Jangrts. Ai't, tdifimtan GJtth I. ftri/falem Crnidut I. Elba I. Z«vfutb4r Geriinii l.itltebiimtt Agendickm Scootium. Seiit^ Agarymba. «—_ _ Agifymba. A(;ri|>cntuin. Alidtilci Pop. Aladulia, AlauD). Alaueia. AliuuioniMiii4 ALiunui Alba Bul^iaria -— Pompeia. )ulia. HufTia. Albania,' Albiga. Albintcmclium. A (((turn. Riv. Ahit Alne Belgrade Alio WfiJi-miHri MkUdv) EpirsH 44J, Albf Vittimittiu Vnndte Aletium. Alcxandrii. " .*4yi.ti. — -Statdlfotom. Allobregci Pop. , Alaetcotit Ager Alone. Alonr. Alttrnutn, . Amani 'I' Amada. " " Amafia. Amaltrii. Amathus. AmauDus M. Ainb!anct:lii Ag(,i Lttet SciuJerxii. aiS Amu Amboglaoa. Ambricia. Amilhinuni. Amifui. Ampbibolit. Ainpylogiii. AmficlodaniQin. AinvlaAi. Ainurium. Anas. Anafiuui. An.Uolii. Ancalitn Pop. Ancyra. Aodegarum. Aadcrirfa. Ahdovrrpure. Aodromittum. Andromatum. Angcriacum. Old Ttrsn Ptfcaja ■■ EmMtn Mitr^Mtg Semajl/'; limrjja Amblefide l»rta Milnau Simija EmMi Sufitmar R. Amiierdam Amient Cliictitua GuadiMi R. F...i Oxtn. AniDnri Angtrs. Anlmtr^ Endfcmit. St. Jean d' Aotciun). Annium. Aotandros, Antiochia. Antlochia PifidiT Aotiochene. AntinrKxiofum. Antipolit. Anxur. AmapiiC. Apfar. Aphrodifit. ' Aptiradifiuni. Aprutlum. EtifftediM St. Ittmetfi AntUcb Auxent Atititti TtrracinM Ftmiert Sttfa Ctdix, Africa Ahrkx^Xfi Apta Jalia VulgcotiDni. « Apuluni. Afnli Aqux (iratiaitx, Aix. -"rUvia. Cbtmtt, 300 ♦i($ »i88 1<0 24J' 9i 39 ^^^ J99 * 10 ai4 185 * 9 » 13 • «4 74 37 451 lc8 * 9 450 ♦ 177 154 74 ♦9 J^« 2ul *4 S4 '7 ".37 ♦7 79 Atiitlf log 11$ 443 * 7 » 17 » II ♦'4 fOO 119 185 114 » 180 340 » 183 »99 lao aro 844 355 iHtlwti*. -Seirtia'. ■ Soli*. -— St,itellx. AqnVonij. Aquintum. Aquinum Csput, Aqniftf'raDum. Ari'Ubiorum. Arabia Dtferta. Koelix. PctiJ.. Arachofia, Arbeia. AttUtvm. Arevacorunt UrSs. Argaatoinagum. Acgentymum. Afgenrorjtum./ Argentina, J Argi ti^oiu. ' Argttr. Ar^Qt Adrianoj. Ana, Aiitoniuni. Arir.enia. Armurica. Arfatia. Arti^is. Aivernum. fifca». /\Sl.\. Afica. Afieni Kortm ACpjIaibum. Afpcnrius. Ankdum. AKm, Affvtii, Alljhoras, A().ucnus Siout, Aftjci'ir. Adypilxa (, Athcni'. Athos Moni. Atlai M. Aticbitum. Attalia. Attclh'. Badm. Aixf. ■ Bath Atqid Ai,iijft1dtnt* La Ctdt^nj Cafneth ■iix-h (.biipeH: Brnne , Mictnt Biit.if^nt Caltin Aihjma Ctermint (jktidir Ntthrrht Feir«.4 JUtdmd Sidor, CutJijl ,n Titci^d R, Tefi rirt Stamf.i!4 Atbeni. Msmt Sanh, , ♦ I Atras Sat.il)»J Eftt Atirebatct Pop. Brit, ^~ AtuHitum, Aire Araricam Btitugiriuni Avcoio. Av)(,mn in I ■. r .--.i>»i,vr .■.•,iT •.■..•;iT -iT • iJ *4i ♦17 It aj» 34iS »ff 294 *9i 21V 181 *4» ♦42 •is 118 33» 57 li 97 «■ ♦7> 34» icj 345 ♦l 33 }$i .274 II 34» ♦aoi ♦ 6 77 •> 45' I5J, i9<* • It 27s T (oy 96 *A»cQui 45, * I Tlaces in EUROPE. ASIA an(l AFRICA. xi ■1 -'.oT ./!.>T ' y-' 'inoT . 1 »;..~eT ed If} -'.-.mT Part. ; iJ:nH r.l:n 'til ne. ♦17 It »$> sff 2;; a' 181 ♦42 •«* Jl« 97 J5 « ■J45 ics }4$ ♦l ia 251 • II 341 * 45 ^'il' * JOI - ♦ (J * 'J 4SJ 451 * It i7J T I07 S<* TJo Her > 1/4 tnh. * Atendi ddrum. Ang». Auguftf. Bona I ...-.Bracira |. •— Dacia>. , . EciKriti. .— Pan. •. . —— SuccefTanuin. —Pretoria. •— T4Uiinoruiii. •—— Tre»irofuni, , ■ — — Vagienivnrum . <_Viadfiicoium, ■Augufli Licus. JtibfJfte. 1 j\ugu(!omrtuBi. Clifimtt ^vk Q^inxi. Ouerantii, ,,Auli$ .,■.,(,■ ■ .Aurafio. " Otttgt Aurea CherfolKfu!. Malau.i AurcliancDfii Urbi.j Aure.'ijnmn. Cint^ AuKopoIi]. Inffilflailt .Aufchii. Anx Auroba Fl. Hiberoix. Ranhoiit Eu Landcn Troiet Brai» AtetiJa Hadmox Sajfons Ai»jje Turin Titers ■ Sj/f^x? , . A'timt Lugi. ' Cwd.HnJriiO Autm Aufooia. Aivtca. Autricum. Auxunuin. Axar.tui. ■% UxiitifTeua./ Axcloduoum. BASfnb«vg>. Bibylo". BattrliiiJi. Bakaret Ini'ul.c. Binnavcnna. Birontcs M. Batavj Cadi'utiii Baravia. Begs'.u. BcUtij. Bclerium. Itulf Attritb CbATtKt Ofina. 125 69 21 77 153 4«i 3}7 245 ISi 182 ZiS >9i 3JS 99 101 83 454 lao 93 20 J IP7 109 55 248 55 93 389 90 99 Bamhtri ?88 Eliii> •■ 4: (S5. *y6 34« Wtt'dm in Street 27 ♦ 68 HilUnd Kethithndi RtiUf Vrdhtad Vtr» l.,iKJs-End ^li^a; I'op. BiitiD. BELGIUM. Bcllicum. Bellilama. Bcnit)ium. Bcnoooes. Bercizania Berca. Bcfolinum Berytui. Btlidia;.? VeM'ixJ Bttii. Ciitia. Bibroci Pop. Brit BibraOe. Bipootium Bergtn-tp-Zaom Alipft, tintiK Btrixit B'fuKtno Guadalquivh R. AntHn _.r Deiix-fontt Biriiantei Pop. Hibcrn. —— Birtha. Bir, Eirunlix. BexJiKon Bjtciij. Btfirri, Bifufiv. Bi)nrgtt Blani Pop. Hibcrn. »• Blatum Biii°ium. B»l»t[$ Blcfenre Caltrum. Btm SlefiiuiD. Old fmi * ' I i;8 '53 ♦18? 345 8 7 125 101 5« 27 '33 ♦>5 110 *'7 298 ;)o3 34' «4 99 lol H4 9« 55 3S a Boccanum. Bodincomaguc. Bodotria. Boctica. Boii Pop. Booium. BonODia. Buibctomagu}. Borcovicui. Boreum Trora. Bortum Ducis. Boyjoda. Bovjauum. Boviuin. Bncchium. Brasf. BrinQDiuin. Brcir.ccjocum. BfTmanium. Monto Cafil Edinbiirgh-Frfth F»rt of Spain. Banehor BiUi»k ■ Wnims 'Burwicl^, Biigantci Pop. B't. '' Pop. H.bernr. BMe-Vuc Bine /l BiUno Bivertm B ^Hghtan \hnel\er btierburrow Brantiin Britaooia Prini^. ' Sccuada, . 'Maxina ►170 i59 51 308 '^7 32 2''. 'Jj' lis 55 4« ?5 «3 3' 3« i^ .7 5 Camerijcum. Canganurti. CiDgi Pop, Britan, Ctaioa. Cioooium. Canrium. Cantz Pop. Scof. Cautiutn. Chdnthft) IJijn Pramint. Efiriu KriM/e Kent — Pfomontortnm. F-rtUnd Caraccis Sargel Cjppidocia *- CippadedcuJ PontHi. - Caput Aquium. Capacch Caramaoia. Caria. Cartiututn. 244 43 32 452 'I 7 St 7 «T 1 79 •10 ibid 397 Cbarttti Scarf anti L Brivales Portns. Brixellium. Brixia. Bnmopulit. Bubcfia^. Bugclla. Buifa. Bunatia. Eurdi^ala. Burriun. BuCrJ!. Butnrotum. Bythinia. Byzaceoa. -. Byzaotium. S. fift of EngUpfi . .W-'-'f . ■ ' ^ tte'tneMn. Entland Brtji Berfelh Bnfcij Briirijwi\ Biilit:^en Bitlia Beai^CaHlt BikfSfjiix Bofhi'i Rutrintii BecUnffl ibid. D- Mi. 90 3^4 ai8 515 'If ♦ibS CatjUntimple ^S^ ;t CiAbllloniuin. ' Cabyra. Cadomurtk Cailurcum. C*fjria '/ Mj^ici \ Cafjfea lofula. — -Ju.'ia. — Tellira. Ccfaris Bur|>,ui. Ca:fjrom»j',u'. Cafdronngus. Ca:forotiura. Caligurris. Cjjarii. C.ilcatia. Ciledobccuitl, Gaki'-juii Cilctum. Calipi5. talillf. Cillirhoe. Caliiiacurn, Caioncful. Cilpc. QmilcduDutn. Cimbndunum. Camboritum ■'chintkf ■ Suvai. Ctien t'iihrt Caifar M'y '' Alt'" Cherhiurg Beauv.ii< Dunmtitf GUnrs CaUbtrtt Ctgliari Hetvtin-kint CiiHdebe,. Ptrt i Scotland Cflah Sadao R. ' Yhert Zerm'i* Orfa Champ Bitle-rjli Ghrjitar IHaldm Aimonibury Cnmhridit ■47 Cimtracciifis Agcr. Cmbrtfit Cjmeracum. Cumbrtjf Carpalhus Vion. Cirpatl.m. Cirpctani Pop. Canca. Orrlixa. Carteoa. Cartcaa. .Cirthagc."'' '■•'^ •Caaba. Cafpiac PyJ*. Gafpii Pup. .. Candlum Arianortim. — -— -• AtjouM*. Btidtn ' Laiioimm. cajjel ■ Caflra Aljta. ij,mw^6 — ' — ConrtantiBi. Cwtanct. n — M° Chcmfco C hjrM AUllug*. Ziilf Jt. Vnbent 3»8 • "54 ♦ 47 •*'79 *^ifJ »l8s6 - , ♦ (58 >7o - iij -Kxploraturum. RathbMi . Calk ft ^ '■' ChaalMt i Cattarhli Catbceft ■ ' , M iif.'viO. .^t If '.U'J J' io I<i7 ♦jo ♦ i^p ♦ 178 70 85 J3 <S9 333 3.93 i* 51 19 3J2 4*5 47 ?7 P' 34' ^3 34 3S Ml >Ud. Regini. Ciltrum AlbitHrf, Caut4iKuauip. Ci^rafloniuin. Catili. Citticuchiani Pop. Brit Ciuci Pop..Hiberii. Cauiiuin. Cor it Cauio.'. Androt I Cciama. Sed Rcma Celiabraga. '' ''. Celinus. •' ; «' Cells Pop. Celviacum. ■ " C*Dioni» OfHum, ■ Ccnomctiiim. > Vindioum. -J CentroBcs Pop Centomcclla'. Ccpbalonia Infull. Ccraraus . • Cfretacorum Juga. Pyyayd* Ceiica. tatha; Ceronei Pop. Scot. - ■ . Cetobiiga. SetuxiAl Chalich. HtiliA Chalcedoti ■ , .. thaldia. TVrjtt Cheirooeruii Attrcr.- - S41 l8s 5'r (MdCmlifle 38 Chminet falrmutt M»n%,\ 7+ 8 Civita t'etch'm Chilnnuai. Cliineta. ;'' Chi-!. tliryforrhoeai. Chylcma. Cilicia. Citurnum. " Cimbfl Pop. Cimbriea cliAfoaefin. Cimmerix \f.\ai. Cimmerium Kcrlty Kiel Ctltf K. Scto t. DtmaftM Mmh R. CilceUt ^ Ciita Numidhe. CiflettiiMi. Cinftant^ CitijH ■842 aHi ♦8 ?2* »8a - • ",' ?5» * 58 ♦$ '>4«- 4» '■*■ l«o : ,«9 • * li ?«5.372 3«5 — — 481 — — - 481 i ♦ iBd Civitai W: , . xii ■'' CivitHOnirmloavn). St. Of tk Antient Latin Ndmes of ^-^^'V:* Eryihfxi CUrona. Clitot I. Ciaudiopolik Clavenoa. CliulcntuDi. CInfula. Clnenicne. Coydtit. Codaoi Fcp. Coelofjfku ColchM. Colooii. GUrh Pel it Utn 2J4 V-^i. D. ■.>Otlftrt-.MI'«r.^l C-iPtroiieM SoHtkamptm SIkji JHhi'tlia Cokbtfltr Coloaia Agrippiot. Celofft _— AngutU A(M Patreofii Julia Booa. Bmne —^Vatricia. Colophon. Columbiria. Comagrna. Comini Pontica, ConAtelcn'Jni. CoinpcDdium. Comfllutum' Ctidna Cohnitrs * 9 a}7 •'I ♦8 1 '^ 2J iBi 181 340 *7 80 14. Bretnibtim Cmpeign AlcaU it Cutm* M 10 »4 8(f ii' Concha. cmma jjo Ooochani Pbp. Hibcrn. . .< 5 $ Coadatum. Ct»tletn 31 Coodercum ■ 36 Coodttftum Rhcdoaum. ArmiM 88 CoDg<?at«. R()ft<tfllt 38 Coonium. Circiutlltr 18 Conoriui. Ci)iiii9 A. 44 ConfeDtioa. C(!/ai<4 398 CoDfopitom^ o«».„r»r«,«-- ^ Cu(iefathtx.j Cootinufa. CoDveonoi. OooTineniu Ager, Coos. GorhtntoriguiD. Corbilium. Corcyra. Corcyra Nigra. Corda. — _ Corta Dimnioi^im. CamiUt Corinthoi. Gmmt Corioodi Pop. Hibtro. — Coritani Pop. Brit. ~~. Cornabii Pop. Scot. •.^ Cornavi! Pop. Brit. >-<— Qt^mpcr Ctratin Cianitf tanio I. Caer Laretoc1(, Nantei Corfu T. 340 »i II ♦la i\ 88 a7J-45i 467 Coroclii Forum. CoiftJpiiMn. Coffium- Cater. Cotrum. Crtffa, Crrta. Crexa. Crococalaoa. C(ima. Curetii. Cn actio. Coriaa. Cariofitifz. Cydades Cydoo. Cyprw I. CyrcMica. Cyrout. Cytcum. Cythua hmlit CorirUgt B*x»t Ctpt Sftrttt Chmtaia Ctiidt* I. Chtrfi I. Ancadir ., »• ibid. 4tfi SS 7 »• 7 2JI 39 107 »I74 *9 8 4«a i74 a8 CMtlit I, 4f»rltort»gb VtiU I. Qtiimptr-Ctraitk Cantd Cvfit* I. Sttia. CtrlfO I. Cyxicui, Chizico. S/iiii, P»lm»i 452 II »74 ^> 4^4 464 * n * t66. iS« 304 4«4 175.464 "J DAcia. Wa\tcbia,fy'i, Dinioii Pop. Scot. — . Uinnionii Popt Brit. ...... Daoum. tUncalUr bardiDcum. Dwrdta Oarni Pop. Mibcro. .■ Oariotrigum Veoetorum. Vutti Oaurona. Oecapolis. Delphi. Delphi. Delphiaatui Delta Oertor.>. Oefidix. Deva. tiil^R. Caflri Dtlft ttaupUni Ttrtoiu Bififniui ChtjUr Deociinanoruni Coloaia Dianiiim. Vtnu Diczarchta. Fuk^U Dittutn. Vigan-vj DInetz Pop. Brit. _ Diooyriopolis. Variif Diorcoridii K Zoettors Dira. Vie JUv, Divio. Uijin OiraduruiK Meta Dobuai Pop. Brit. Dordrechta. Dorif. DourooTatlc. Drangiaoa Drepanutn. Dinforoa^w. DuacutB. Diibrii, Dumna. OunHm. Dunus Sinui. Duiii. Durcbrovis. Durobrivx. Dorocobrivx. Durocortorum. DuroleuQii). Puro4itHin. Dert Dmttflir Trapaia KempttH Dsvrr Pmt IJI. Down Duntflef. Riv. la Kerry Rxbtftir Vmfoei Rhtims tsyton Ounftadium Batar. 478 47 It 5$ >7 ■!J 4JJ >»' 131 •i87 ail 398 31 114 3*7 19s 44 7 470 * acf4 5« 98 Hi 7 «37 a 10 »<J$.7i 301 i>S '34 •7 $a 5S 34 5* n 26 11 78 17 Dujfltr-Jt W)\ Durefiponte. GtdmmtheStr 2S Durotriges Pop. Brir. . , ■ 7 Durorcrnuixi. Catterbiirf 1 7 Dyrracbium. Vma^^t 4S1 E. EElioa. Kboriciug. Ebroicum. EtbataiM. RdciTa. Elderbergi. DicM'n Tnk. bntux TtMrit Orfa Heideliin Elcafii. Lepfica Klik Bilveiin KIoroM. Oleron Elynuis - Eonriti AugofU, lUetU l^herui. A'folaloHtb Kphvra. Corinth Epidaphne. Attixb Epidaurui. Raeafd Spidiorium Pramoatorinra. dtnC/re'si Bpidiuni. Ila I. 52 tporredit. Iwm a$$ Krdini Pop. Hibera — p^ s5 ■cctrhk 4mirt iu a 34 7a ♦68 ♦47 190 *7 4» 4$9 III ♦73 ^'1 a6i •17 4*7 CaJit J04 I. Af.^.iitor ♦ 17» Erythczum Mare. T':/ Rti Su Kfiliffa. Cevta Ethiopia Suptrior — ^— Etocr urn. **'/» ' Euboei. Htgripiiit ExolodiiOMii. iSwdon KxteofiO. EafltH-ntft "•174 ♦ 19S 3« 45j 97 *4 P. 1 ( V ^ . 1 7AoikmRo(raiUini.. A.JCrM* 2^7 ' PauAiuVillA St.Eimtmii-Burj Fe&i'x. Fideotia. Finai Pop. Kirmum luliaiD. FlanOturieofe. 17» 3»l ThtmiMi pmttf flefoti Bortu St. D»MMO Motril la ttedte St. Flw tl*Utnm Pre\m ._ f err At a .. CorneJif. Imolu — Julii. Civitat'i it frUli — — Neronis. i^tufirkn Francofurta ad MtrniMn. Prumlcj''* «niueM.i)» 188 Fraaequera. 1*eitek(r itfg Flexia. Floriopolia. Fori Sahitif. Foio Julium. Fornm Afieoi. 7 94 io| 291 »9I 3 58 Mi a i^. man Oneref Oateibeai GAiHtTaradum. Gabrorcntvm. Cadeoj Pop. Scot. — • Gadei. Citd\ Gal urn. Gtx Gilitia. Ctntgai Caliticiis Pootat. » Caliiza . ' QallinjL Walmkii Gallatum. WbelfCaiht Giile»a. WMIingfirJ Cillia SubalpioJ. PieJmirt GiodaTum. Gtent Gaogara. » ■ . Garimanlia. — _ ... Garieoii Ofliimi, Tirmouth Garocelli Pop. > ■ CjrmoQoun). Bi'th Caftle Gaufennz. Brii-Caflerttu Cedaoum. Dtnukl^ Ged^ofia. ' Gega aut GUiam. Gea Genabum. Orleaei Geroia. Gdoiaftt Gernuoica. . Gefobricale-Vate. Breft Qeniriicum. Getc Pop. Cetulia. Gibctetto. Gifa, Glaoium. GIaiio?enta. Glemm. Glotr*. Gobannivre. Gordium Gortini. Gnrcium. Crampiw. Granicui Ft. Cratiaoapolii. Bonltint Jfli *'77 Udevt "5 Clxelli' >8 Anar }i Ahrn.,\;taf 4' *9 Gurtlna 46 » Cr«^ 301 , Jt ♦ 10 OrtPtftU 12a Gn:{« ;'i •A 39 • 47- 340 lOJ • 10 15. 27 3P 37 '4 n »-! 54a •°7 /J 9o 7J «/tf-i7» ^' Tlaces in EUROPE. ASIA and AFRICA. xiii ' 193 97 34 3»l 7 94 «5'4 «»> 291 >9I \ 369 Mi 188 i69 , i ic5 ' 39 • 47- 340 * 10 IJ. 27 3? ?7 '4 10, /J /0.17a * "7 ••77 "J 18 J" •"5 46 J tot Ill Guete. Qutjc I'op. MirX 330 ?5« 0>ffiDcfuIar. M»]orcii,Su 346 H. ;ti HAbitineum. Habrus Fluv. Hxtnut Mom. Hidiia. Hilii Klur. HalicicoafTus. Hamiconos. Hcbuda. Htbudcs. Rifmgbam 39 463 271.399 ♦ 10 ♦S FaiHitiUlia * 13 Slje Leveci I. 52 InfuU. npe JacerimDa. Tttni loteHmncDfi: Proviocii. lODil. JorcduiD; Jovii Villa. H'aoium. Kauria. Ifca. If.j. irca Oanmoniotum. Exeter WejUjlts of Scotiiai ibid. CmJia I, Ifpahiin. Hecjtompolif. Hccalompylo!. Helicon M. Hcliorratj, HdiopQiii. Hcllai; Hellevioncs Fop. Heivetia. llephxDiadei. HeptainoBM. Hcraclea Ponti. Hcrbanum. Herbipolii. Herculis Monzci Portuk Hccculii Promnotoiium. 462 *7i 45fi 345 ♦19 448.453 355 SmtxftUnd ia8 Liparenn Iflts 30^ Middle Ei>ft Fendertcbi Orvieto Wurtzpurs Hirty Herpcria. lUlf Spam Hetruria. t,ifcany Hieron (romontoruun. Hierofolyma. ■ Jemfatem Hippo. Hifpalis. Holmia. Holfatia. HorcOi. Hortabum. HuoDum. Hydruntum. Hyrcaoia. bona Sevil StMk.l>'>l'» mfitin Higblandtrs , Oiti Otraiito 6', ♦188 ♦9 387 188 Point 9 248 307 l^6 55 » 21 ♦181 339 387 3^8 V »%6 39 300 . * 70 ■■Adera. I jificui Sinut. Jazygct Meunaflx. Ibtrii. Ztna lixrOi Pop. ' ;i , Ib<ru8. if»m \. lixqi Pop. Brit^ kf Qorum Vcnta. I^ium. Ida Mou. IdviiMca. • Idayiini Oftiumt jeraui. Iguvium. Hi. Htam.' ■■', lUiixrli. Illyricum. Iluro. loculifma. Spm Gtirfia Ebn R. Caflor BUck-H'iiler Mme R. . _ .QHbit] ^,a,, WitltR. Granads CfMia, (fc. Ott Jt I. . Ani/mltimt lodtJ extra GangeiD. _ _— intra Gangem. — - lareriora Thernu. Badtn Ingcoa Abriacaluoruin. — .ifl' ra74 ♦8 -431 *5S «$ 308 7 »3 . 55 a$o SI *6 343 444t44) III 95 — ♦80 . ibid. J 94 - 71 ■15 St. Ifchalis Ifenacutn. IlFus. H'urium. italia. Ituna. Itur.ij. Jud.'L'J. udiciacu!, Juga Ccrctanoruni fulia Alba. JuliaboDa. Julia Cxfaria. ulia Liberalitis. Julia Turrii. J Julia Pax. lulii Forum, ulicmagus. ulium t-irmum. Jvelchefitr Eifenacb Aldbmrow Italy Eden R. '25. Flmr I'ujceid* Wetffemlien BifeMX Algier Evora Truxilh Btja tnuli Angers M'tril (ulium Prafidium. Santarem JuOinopoIis, JuOinopolis, Jut* Pop. Capod' Oita IJIria 1 1 9 4" 9 II 216 ♦ >i 34 34li 37 ♦25 10$ 3-5 44J 70 ♦179 359 3iS 359 268 94 3s8 •47 3«5 ■ " 1^ w * 21 Iv /lira Rupcj K. L. LAbciui. Labro. LacedamoD' L4CUS AuguHi. KiUair-CaJlle ttihorn Afijitra -Setantiorum. iVindermere Lxtitia. LaOigara. Laodicca. UpJMnci Pop. Lapurduin. Uriira. LatiDi Pop. Ital. Litioiacura. Latittin. Campagne Lavatrx. laudanum. Lauretum. Laui Pompcpii; Lcbret^m. Leitodurum. Legedia. .. Legeolium.. Legio. I.f ^fo Sccunda. Leraoonomiui. Lemanis. Lcmnoi. Leodium. Leanit Caltrum. Ltopolis. Lepidi Kegium. Lcria. LesbM. Leihr. Lcucadia. Lcucaruai. Vejji Gnagida fi<yioii( Italy if Rome Laon Loretia L.'di Aibret Stony Stratford Aurambes. CaOleford LtM Catr-Lhem Leiin R, Statimtne Liege Holt Lamltrg Reigio . Lenl. ' , Alitelin) I. ' Lima R. St. MaurA 4«5 . ■O 279 459 3itf 37 *9 35* no *S2 *4 24H 383 3; 66 389 Id I no 20 7« 34 335 4" 51 17 466 M7 44 4J0 2«3 ■■..4«. Lecci Montcs. Sfachia Leucopibia. Wbiterne Lcucoiia. K'icoji.i Lcxaviuin. L'fieux LiHcralllas Julia. Ebora Libnius. Liffy R, Liburnu!. Legbiin Libya Propria. - Interior. — — _ Limonuiii. Pjitiirs Liadum. Lircotn Lindum. Linliih^oa Ulza vcl Lillum. Afe^^a Lilla Littus Altum. Tutath Lixa. Laraike Logia. LcughhoyU Longovirum. L>iiu.ifi:r Loti^us. Loii^b Lmigiti Loquutum. Tenex. l.Q\Mt\n(,\i. I.ori.iin LovanlJcum. LhanniA Loxj. irjf/c- Lucfni Pop. Mibero. ■ . . » Luccria. Lucena Lutiburgum. liixcmbiir^h Lugduoum Lj:ns Aquitani.tm lut natuni. St. KiilrunJ — — liativorum. LciMn Luguvjiluiii. CmUjI: Luna Proinontorium LisiionRn\ -iti 404 51 69 559 5B * 166 ibid. 94 19 51 4)^ 4i4 51 *i74 5* 36' 51 »I73 1:4 43 V6 341 >45 r. "4 Convt- i:i J 56 3^ Luplutduii). Luiitania. Luiclia. tutcva. Lycaor.ia. Lychnidas. Lycia L)dia. leipjick. PortigU Pans L^iieve M Acaros Cmttia I. feu Mjctfix. Maclovium. Macolicum. Maromaca Madctiacum. MadujDa. Migi. Magionium. Maglona. Magna. Magncfta. Magnefia. Hi ?.349 til »«S f II 451 ^ M ' i • it MariroDoeios. 4$a. M.ix}eTes St. .\f,do Mall ■ ■ • Maxieres Mj)enne OU R,tdmr ■ tnthpble Machmlbeth CUrftfl'ortheW.ill 78 1: 78 93 4.. 20 43 39 ' 8 ■ 9 Ciixftl?il.tr. Ma^oeliarromonl. C.ipe St.Qeorge 45 j Maica Pruiiiont. Cap; Muleo 460 Maleot. Mkt. I. MiMcacmu MailleraU Maiirunium. Mamkeiier Manduefleduni. Miinchelier Mirathen ■ -. 5ii 95 36 .^' 454 356 . 34» *6i '—-. 28 Marliguet I. lit ♦ l6S Marobuodum Rubienum. Pr.igue 207 Martilia. Marfeilles M^t.ilco, Majion Maium. Candia C. Marchio tioniPop. — ._ Marcia. JUaichenn Margiana. Margidunum. ■ 1 m Maritima Colonia< Marmarica. 118 100 4«3 MtviitaniaCiraricnnt • itftf • -ringilana — — •16C. • 169 Mii^iina Btitanuia Cxfarieolii. Virth f*r$ of England. Mnici, XIV MJZ4C1. Mcdu. Mediolinum. Medtuinitiicci. Mcdujous Agcr. McduQtj. Mcgalopolii. McUi VU Mclit/. MeloduauiD. Meloi. MeoiphJ!, 0/ the Antient Latin l^ames of Cmt.ir Mtritd MiUn Mtlx La Manle Ltittm Mjlta I. .Vclun Milh (itundC.tl'i McDipii ^op. Hibern. Mcnuvi. 6°iin Lkc.i' Meaoft. yilei M-iLi^.i Mcrobriga. Ciutljd IliJi'ni McfcQi. Maril'J] Mcfopotiinii. t)i»rbtcl^ Metaiudx Juyges. MeNris /E(luinum. Tht W^jhti Metcnfit Url).> Metlione. MetiU. Metoit!. Mtdaum. Miletu!. Mimjili:. Mimalum MiDiri. Mioiogrodj. Mocooii^rum. Modoni, Mocai). Mocfij. MoguDtij. Mooi. Monichium. Mom Argi. ■Lucllarum. Af:.ln AUrtfch RofetlJ Putdt'ichU Milh Mtudt A/Hiifter Slane R. StrvU iy liklinria Mtnti Mm I. Mkmcb MontartH Rtilil. »— BcIjxus. — — VitJrum. Mootn Lcuci. Wopftudi. M>r!)iaro. Mari"imbi. Mondunum. Moridunuin. Murgi}. Mutli. Mutini. Mycfne. Myiidui. Myrj Myiliu, M)(M. MonJivi MurUix WitttmbtTg Staibu Mottsb) Carmarthen Staton Murcitt Bjltfk. Mden4 CSaria ♦lo ♦<55 43 2 do nd 9i 85 460 454 * 10 * 22) 84 ♦ i83 • 5^ 541 i4J US * I I Ui 4J1 25 lad 458 * 1 1 » 183 *9 »8 4*4 116 ♦177 22; i8j 56 ♦ 8 469 l3-j 45 197 97 '5 254 89 an 4*4 »ii 38 ibid. 4» 9 346 44J adj <^i ♦ 8 •11 ♦ 7 *6 r IN Nigtufl. Sltio NjiConci Pop. ^1 Njntuiics Pop. ■ Niplofi. Skbem Ntn feu Nirooa. Narenia Naulum. Niupi^ut. Nai^plii. Nixuanj. Ni/<bet«. Ncapoli!, Negellj. Nemjfj. Nemaufui. Nemel«c«fnj. Kaffam Koli Lepanto Nafoli di Rtmania t/4ck.fivaii Z'tnimn R. ' Napttt Ktjit Triiifl4 K'mtt Ar'tai 51 5<5 2tO *il 4*7 lis 157 45* • 77 a?} 74 4dl «'$ Ncractum. Nemofiuiii. NeoTJtUrca. Ncodununi. Ncpctc. Nctitii. NevQtiuin. Nice. Niccmedia. Nicolij. Nidum. Nigra Corcyra NIgritiatum Regio. Nile H. Nivernuni. Nodi us. Norba Cxrarea. Norwegia, Notium. Spilt Keinumi TuAt KiU'iit ltR»tit Krjit St. MMfA I A'uys Iftiteh. 'llmii'J Nidh • ' 201 Ktven ma. Atcantira Kcrrraj Miffenktad Novantfs Pop, Scot. ■ Norantum. Cheffon.MHll. Novidunum. Ko^ent tt Sotrtj Novocomum. Ctmo NovioduQum. Ntym — Vadicafcium. — Noviomagus Bclg. Kime^uen . Gall. No)on Germ. Spire Numidii. — — * idfi- ' % • 10 9< 3i6 4*» liJ.: ' S ibid. ''i 4" 4*7 *iS6 •214 57 y- 3?S 378 5* 47 5a 91 3d I 87 • 97 1*5 'J 87 190 192 OCethii. Hetht I. 51 Ocrmum. Lirardpoint 8 Oftodurum. ' Mmi^n;/ 238 .Hifpan. T;rD 336 onopitarum rromonf. • ■ 41 Ornotria OcnipoDS. OcDuira. Ortiia. OlicaDi, Olivula. Olympia Pifj. Olympus Mods. OlyHppo. Cuoldium. Qpitergium. Oratoriutn.- Oread ei. Great. Ordovicei Pop. Brit. — Oretaoi Pop. Hifp. - Orootei M. — orea. HHtfca 0(ta Mom. — — — omrmiorumCtTitii, St. Onium Plani. — — Triraotonis. bnur. onium Iduraaoi. B/oc^nxifrr OthoDa. Mancejler Ottodioi Pop. Brit. Oroca Fl. .. Oxui Fl, __.j^ ■miWi.fck?. PAfla;. Patti Padrabrinu. Puderbmi Patciceprii. — ' — Palxflina. Jiid*a Pilntii. Palncia Pilmyri. Paji P4I1U Cinunerif . » 148 10$ 462 119 34 245 453 189 adS lod ya 7 ■^d8 321 V J" « Lton •■'■:; ?° — — ' ' 1 3 SiMthjmptcti ftoT- ibid. 13 — 7 S« *77 .trwihts^ r.TM. -)»(..•. f Italy tiiffrkck_ Sufitn^a /. Itktlf I'ilte Francbe Langmu Lkbon Ohnfp.icb 0dm Dtrat Orkpo t- Htwbmn Pol ai5 * at 33* t7 481 Kalui Mzotis. Sarmatiie, . Trtgilii Paniphyiia Paononia. i'aoormui. Paphia. Paphlagonia. i'apirlaauin. f aroallui M. Farcpaaiifus. Farthia. fatara. — __ Fatavium. Fadua i'athmo:. Patmofa I. Fitinum ^^cldaium. Meaux H>iii*ry,fyc. P Uimi Piipipian Patricia Colooia Cordoua Pm Augulta. Badajtx Julia. »e)a /'elopoDQcfui. Mart* /'elulium. Damittii i'eiinarruriuni. Past, • as. Perga. fergamui. Ferradum. Peruiiit Perfepolis. Ferfis. '^i. i'cftliiui. i'cfures Fop. Fefriani. Ptriih Fefrocooium. PcrifHtkx Fhiacii. tor/i. /. Fluro». M.iiraf Fharljlus. PafU Fharfelii. fmda Fhiladclphia. Fhznicia. '14 Fhrygia Major. Minor Fiftivium. PoiSiert Finareolum. PipietU Fiatia. Vtiladolid Fiftdia. , Fifidona Zaora. Fityufc lafttla!. Flatza, Flinthioe. Arabs Torttr. FomoDa. Mainland 1. Fornpeiopolii. Font K\i\. Ptnt Eland — — Syriacus. Pont fUr Tonne Footci. Ctliroc^ FoDtus. Genetb •-—.GiIaticDj —— ibid. — • ibid. — ♦n ibid. 43 « 3-» •13 9 S14 4 $6 . • 65. 070 ibid. • It »7I 79 940 337 359 449 « 183 •37 *ll •7 a8S •74 •7? • 9 349 38 loS 451 • 188 451 • II • 8 »54 339 •ii •l8j 34« 44 • 188 Sa •9 39 79 a«l /♦ ."* 1* ibid. • i9 Itf •— Ftolenlilcui, > — •—— Euxinoi. Black:Se,t FortuiAdurni. Bdiriniton — ~ Deorum. Mt^atran • — HercsJi Monxci.' -i-*- • Magnut. Ma^tifUhilr ' • 17^ -^— Saotonum. Rttbel •9$! »— Statriocimn. 'St. Pel ii 'Ltiri ptitpm' Wmtfick. Fracneftck Fra>fidiuin. Ffitne. Fia;coDncfui. Mttmera I. f Tomootorium CatitiniD. Ibe ftritanf . tf >■ i ■gpidionimi Ctntyn <k' ' «i . Hercirift. 'Mirtyptint ' p' ■ — HiefOB." ■ 55 ■ LuDa:. 'neliKl^tf Ikbtn ••— — ^MagBcfii. FtftSt.Gterie 45? » — I lAfalea. Cape Male* 460 Fromon- < > " TUces in EUROPE, ASIA and aFRlCA. xv PromoDtoriumOAopititum. — < 42 *— — — Rhium ic Aotirhium • ■ ■ 456 ■ Robogdiuin. - 55 . ■ Rutubx. Nortb-Cafe 381 Sucrum. Caft St. fiiunt „ . . J49 Veoicoium. .~« jj atMibuw-Ctftlt J 9 Bmja ' ' Acre Protolitii. Piub ad Olymp, Ptoleniaik Piolcmoaiacai Pootui. ^— futeloi. PhxX'^I Pylbs MelTeauai. Kmn'm *6 ♦18 QUiiiaca Aula. >Q,Uza. Giitrtnde Oran RAcofi<. Haadavara. Kutar. Ratoflibiiu. Ratiaftuo). RaTti. Rcacus. Red 00. Regia. Reginum. ' Regiunn Lepidi. Regni Pop. BtU< RpgDum. RegulbiuiB. Rei Apollooarii. Heitelle. Rcmorum Caput Acrigoniuiff: ' Rheba. RhedoDCf.i RhiDgovU. Rhium Promont. Rhodigium. Rhodunina. Rh9dui. Rhutupiir. Ribaduaum. Ricolocus, Rigii. Robogdii. Cracitv Ritnfrctv Ltictjtir T»v. frith Antatltfme Trebk R. Rbit. Rtcline RMisbcn Rtith Ringwoid Rtculur Riei Rhttel ■ Rbtimt Rhtban Rtmet Riintal Rnigo Rmanne Rlidics I. Richhiarm PrilUn Rkhelitk Liugh-RtiHh Rcbofb Robogdinm ProinoDt. ■ Roma. Rami Romuli Finum, St. Rtmo RothomagHi. Rubieni. Rupella. Rapes Kocaldi. Rupiforlium. RutPia Alba. RutaniaiB. R 11(6111. Rutebx Promont. Rutali Pop. Ryfljdium. Rtuen Rochet RocbtOuiciut Rtchcfort Mnj'ccnij Ronton RbulftC. North Cape JUiUila SAbaudii. SagalalTos. Sagttillurii. Sth. Sala aut Sell], Salamii. Satamis. Salaflii Pop. Salde. Sawy Mtrutdra Sale FMtiaiMfta Coliire Allitr 29s 4J9 8d 17? 401 SJ 17 4' 95 97 J» 5<5 193 7 n 17 HT 78 ibid. J2 83 340 451S 271 >°4 * ti 17 3« 96 $5 ibid, ibid. i3j 157 68 207 9« 96 95 4«3 g2 108 311 ♦17$ 343 ♦11 327 *'73 ♦174 *IJ 4«$ 143 !I79 Salioac. Salmaotica. Salmurium. Salooa. Salutis Foot. Samaria. Samarobrina. Samoi. Ittf. Samofata. Sanitiuro. Saotonei. Saracoffa. Saiabiii. Sardis. Sarmatia. Saraia Inf. Sarrii Pop. Satnrnia. 5calabi(. Scalooa. Scamaadria. Scandia. Schaphufia. Schedii. Sclivi Pop. Scodrus Mons. Scudera Scupi Looia. Scychica Stagni. Seba(l!<. Sebiflnpolii. SebufTiamei Ager Secantia. Sedunum. Sedunann. Stgcloacum. Segobriga. ChifltrHeld Satamanit Saiimiir Caftri Hail hen Amitnt Cefbalogin Scemffat Sent^ Saintet SfracMje Tort _ Poland, iyc. Garnfe; I. '" Italj tcmtarem Ajcalon 20 335 94 '94 25.29 74 4J2 •12 *H 118 109 ♦rf 5« 349 348 *n Hiirwaj and Sweden ^is Stagoa Scytliica. SU mp.1'. B.flamfis SlapuU. EjUtU, Siariocanui Portlu. .':;. t'ol <ft StephiDopolis. CronWi Stcrdoiuium. (-''j?'' ^trigonium. i>r«i Strophadcj Infulx. — — it Scbjffhaufen Rofeth Chimera SHvai. La BreJJe Situenxa Sion Segbill Littlehnrrow Segorbe Segoaciaci Pop. Brit. — Segootium. Caernarvon Stgnrium. Suia Segulunotum Kanum. . Scguftero. Sifltton Scleucia. ' Seleucia Trachea. ■ 1 Selgovz Pop. Scot. ■ Sdia feu Sala. 1 Setltica. Senus. Sephagia. Septa. Septcmpeda. Sequana. Xamtra Sbannon R. Saplen^a I, Centa S. Seurino Seine R. Setaatiorium Lacui. Winderture SicyoD. Bafilica Sidon, Sajd Siena. Afna * Siga. Humambar Siga Fl. Tefne R. ♦ Silenui. Ijlenos Silius Fefula. Fitfoli ^ilures Pop. Brit. . ~ . ■ Silutnm Venta. Caetwtnt SipootM* Nornm. Manfrtdania Sinus Aftacenui 23s ♦ 188 443 4JO 470 48t * 10 •7 Id III 39 59 3:7 • '3 104 * 50 *ii 47 * 174 335 6 2 'Dunus. Vararia. Sifia. Sitonigui. Site lies Pop, Sittace. Smyrna. Sole aut Pompeipoiii, Solodurum. Sthlbkrn SondriTio. Sorbiodunum. Sparta. Spiga. Spiox. Sfitbam liuntfltj Murray Bay Sif'g Tbetford Jfimr Sondro Old Sanm Mfitra 4C2 'I* 189 99 37 4*1 ♦18 * 190 178 ■ 176 ♦11 278 7 40 300 *6 35 sa 44$ 3$ * 51 ♦7 * II 234 237 V? Scuccu. Succia. Sucvia. Soevio. Suiooet Pop. Suilia. Sulloniacx. Sufiana. Syderos. Sylva Ducii. Syl»ane(tum. Sylvanla. SyDope. Syiii. Syrtes. nltritk R. Sireden Poriugjl Schffabcn SchV,:lX. Brtik'')-H'l Bcii-Ie-Dnc Senlu Vniieiwatd Sinate Soune t MuellatA T. TAcipe" Tiidmor TaUbriga. Tamarca. Tamara. Taotabrigo. Taphros. Taprobini. Tarbellic*. Tarraco. Tarrococenfii. Tarfus. Taurica Cherfcnefu!. Taurir.i I'op. Taunnuin. TeatJ. Telmcflut. Tcio i^/ittiui. TenieO. Tcmpfii. Tenedoj. Terncdoruni Cahex Mayd Taluverj GMArikla Tamarton Bragm^i Pr^ecop Cejhn I. Vax Tarragona Fart 4, pain Belgrude Citta di Chietl 481 97 T» Leon 90 441 ilJS 4,8 4d2 4i 349 354 133 22 45" 138 ea 135 •y '4 184 ',,(.1 V-t 1 1 ♦ 17 3J« *«94 8 555 481 * 125 110 324 3'r •• II 480 241 469 199 ' K 119 177 I9S • II Teutliramia. Teutoncs PoP Thabuna. Thanatos. Thebar. Toulon Tremecen Dancala Bofciuda U ad Hermootionem. #9 «■ 31^5 TeteQa •178 Thanet I. 17 Tfiebes or Stivti. 454 • 190 — — /F.gyptiacz. Said — Phthicicx. Zitltn ThebJii. "Opper .^gyjt Thcniifcyra. fan^gorit ThermaGalaf. — — Therm* Int'eriorei. Baden 453 • 190 • 10 * 9 '94 241 450 46$ • 178 $» •9 334 l6t Tifcroum Tiberiaura. CItta di Cajiellt 38S TIgranocerta. Sultania ' *9 Tigurinus Pagus, aut Tigurum. Znrich 2)1 Tingii. Tangtr • 1 74 TipiHui. Sola • 179 Tlpofa. Ttni^ • 178 Tobiui Thermarium. Baden ThelTalonica. Salonichi Thracia. Romania Thuduca. Tebiait Thule Thyatira Tiburicium- Nagtra Ticinum. Pavia I XVI Ofthe Ant tent Latin Names of Tobius. Tolofj. TiiruDum. TofiJtii. liJchi (litis Tri;ei:tuin ad Mafjm Trajfrtui. Tfjllts. TMnfiflilioa. TMptZUf. Ticcori. Trcmnnii. TicvirJ. TricjtTis. TridcntuiTl. Trimontium. Tnaicrii. Tow; R. 42 Thmltuie 1 1 2 Sbtpi) I. 1 1 — - * 25. *l» M*tj\mbt '»9 Rhcnum aut infeiiui. Vtmbt OUh»iy VAccJti Pop. Hifp. . !■ J28 Vicomagi Pop Sect. — ji Tn\mtr Vonmuni Trkt, Trtrt fitiffofali Sialy I. TriuoliiOtM Pop. But. — — Tripolis .Syti*. TripoQtiuin. Turctflir iS •9 \66 •10 89 ai7 l33 1.77 3PS 471 $01 7 •17 17 Vacui. Vjf>nticcr. ViicotM. 180 Villi* K SegMorum See^ ji Tit mnh p^rmf Grut BtiUin Warms Ti il'jutit Ufliuia StHthamptin-IJarbMr "i Trojs Alexindiix. Tfo^lodytiij. Troji. Tuhilli. TuJtohius. Tucti-. Tu^iuiii. Tulilu^gium. Tui^uin Lcucotuin. Tun^crum ACuaiicj. lontiet TuonorcKum. Tmmoutb Xurdc. Ttkii Tuidctani Pop. _— TutonciautTuroBicj llibs. Tours TurriJ. Torrid i&. Tutrij Julia. laki H Tiifculam. Tutcl/s Tyrj!. Tyiur. Q»iUlal..ura Vibs I'luxill) * 6 ' II \6i • 6 358 42 i6 ii^ 118 i;(5 MS i9 iis 94P ?jO ibl abS K.8 479 ' 18 Vjogioncs. Varit^um. >— • Vjraria Sious. MMtri) B*} Varini Pop. «^— _ Varis. H-dvuri Varatuin>,„Sj Btf^t Villinium. , Oatimk Vcdra. .' Htrt R. Velabii Pop. Hibera. — — Vellinoium Uibi. Pujt Venctix Gall. yenntt Ital. yaiite Veoniaium Ptomont. >— • Vcoloalio tium. tSefaiuon Vcata Bclgarum. H'inthfllcr •— .Icenoruni. Collar — Siltiruiii. Veia^ii lop. Vcfijilij. Vtrlitcio. Veromelum. Veftera. Caer Wt»t 7 191 106 2IU 44 Io-» J4 116 168 56 'J 2$ 41 1: 17 WominSir Burrm-Hill Biwib Miitter Stumort St. Albant I'er'nuex T. — *** SMniAiica VieJa Aire I'<chk<itbl. I itrejt Aire CritUtb R, Vcnimalium. st. ahms 21 Vcfana. I'er'ituex ic8 Vcttonts Pop. — — 3,j4. jjd Vcttonum Ucbt. SMniAiica yi^ VelulJ. ZlieJa .^t Vjco Juliui, Aire icf Viftorii. I'<ckk<itbl. a ViOoriacum. I itrey 88 Vicui Aquanm. Vilt* j$S Vidogara. , y^iVf 5J VidiMl .. UodJibR. ji Vkodi Allokogum. yieiiiie ii) VilJj hjullinii St.£.JtH»ds but} 24 Viiidtrius. knacl; fttffi-Bt} 86 Viudclicoruin Augulia Ambiirf 1^5 Viodiimm. _\ „ JMan» . yj VindobJij. Viadobou. ViodocJDum. ViodoeUdia. Viodolaoa. Viodomina. Viadonum. Viaovium. Vim. Virrcdium. Vitaruin MoDi Uliarius. Ultrajetluni. Uljirippo. llria. Vndix Pop. Hibern. — . Volan:iuni. ..>_■_ Volchii Pi J' ffaj. Volturcna V-ll<i, I'alttiite Vcluba. Vol mouth Vclunlii Pop. H'j. VorpaDiiuni WMllfEml vu»»* Ir'eniitint WinbttH OU WiacbtjitT I'iiniia SiUelitr Biiiibcjitr Bit VHUb; M itttmtirg OUrtn I. Virtcbt Liibrn Sai R. VoriTufi.e Uratillivia UrbifJ. Urbs Vctuf Uici. Urcinium. llr^o. UitcoiiiuDi. urji);ium. Ucici. Hi'-Jlitv J/ummUur Orueta Ali/iifi* OoscHi I. Wmtttr Ca]4 de Aiuet Vulgantiuin Apta. —^ — llxima. Oimo Uxentill'coa. 'VjliMt I U«lla, ^■^ Uzcila. Ijffwiibtt X. .)ij 'Anthiu. — ^1_ 19 too 94 10 39 a 00 • ? 47 $8 »«4 9T ltf| 357 •169 5<» 38 28, 2J7 li iS po 191 ao8 %7» a87 344 304 305 S» • 171 • 181 lao 33? 90 JO $ ♦o •t ZAryntlius. Z(ph)ru. Zcriuis, Zilia. Ml, ^^ V-r.^tc 47, rX <\ ■ .1.,1'it ... 1 t ' .i.iuflJ^rt inmb, „/i t.t. A .mr.!! tr,"); . . .(iinti- ' : -. ,'( is''.i--ji .l,:l^^J)l 5 . Vf'A .mui.i 1: r;afl ■■■ ' •' ■ .Mll.'l -.M.!',) -rit- rwfl — — ' .q kl i|p*'j« X^r.Z «iH*K .iHli:..t2 C . • An' .('■n»;i? .IJO') ;lTh'l?. .^I- G ., J -.A V Id 19 SOO 94 to itPn 39 aoo >) „ •JJ 5» »t «'4 >>. . 99 j' «*l ?J7 •169 id m ?8 — 2», le »J7 lib 8 - 5« - 90 J91 208 r •.7» 387 .4 344 ,1 304 30J i* flier •«7i • i8l » lao 3?3 i 90 _^ 10 fw/ • I* 275. 46a jy/i; 471 ,.- ...il :-.lll>, oti .fKSJI iiHii- ' I. ri.iS .m-i.'iiH iblf II'' t ',"'1 muvi'iiH •n .; .• ilti'fjH . uibi.fl(,T Aa ,{ ;;■•*. iu» rt* f' r.-.|'! \*»,t. XTll In* n% GENERAL IN D E X O F T H E PRINCIPAL MATTERS Note, The Numeral Letters denote the Pages of the Iiurodiiftionj apd where art Afterisk is adde-i to the Figure^ it means the Page to be in the Second Part. . A: - i,ji ACtitnda Ktjal in Pirii 8a AbyfrmU, fK. ^j tjjijitil b) tbt Portugacze * «oi —Cb'iflitHih Prtath'J thtre bf Philip thi tJmtb ibid. Adim and tic, thtir Scfnlchrt * 104 Adriatidc 3f, »bnti (0 ntmcd 171 j4igypt, whtKt tbit Smt - 187 j€tQa JH»mn, it't Itmpms joj . Afitca, irftriKf Ibut Ktme * itf ) AginKmoon, Argos tht Metnfilh of bh Klntimi 461 A^biiui, iht Snrf afhis Im/Uini Chrl/l r» Edci\i , * 4$ Air, Dftwiihn, Proptrtirt, &.V, xlil, && , Aix U Chjptlle, or Aktn ■ Trulf tbtr* 66, 2«7 Akeo, tbt Stat tf Chcrkmatea aa?. fmrnt ff Batbt »»7 : AlbigcoCet W Wifdcnrn, /Arfr Orr^ni ll) . AleuDder tbe Great, wtert Us frj] Batttf mtb tbt Per- ;: fom *6 wbtre Ut S(md ' it 'ii ^nrflftr ttW ..!'• ■ <fl . tfowfar be paffetl /Hro lodii ' 8$ trbtrt Wj w/l B«rf/ and Aiirnur tftre placid ibid. AlmiD, ir;briicf rJbf ^4me i/erfv'i ■ 7a Amber, /Mni/ in Vruflii 404 Amhet Beadt, til d far Mtiief * ti? AmizoiH, wfcrre tbiy.liv'd , ' .-^uj , ji^. 'Jo Amizont Kiver i/t/lcrii'J \ 'lui^iA!: * I5I .>:.AmiiK>aitei, their Cwntriy 'iv. ^•^^ ' t4 .-. Amoritn, their Ctuitrey ... ,\^w>^>- * '4 \- Rndei, or .Vomiuiii/ in Americi <<e/irri6W .^ . j . ^ * aSg '•"r A. Andrew'/ Boner, remv'd to Scotlind ;;;tl/.r. •_ J° «( Aogfei, /tAii if^iAom KDgliqtf mm'd^ fiier on|/ta<l(Xcwitro I- J7' ^ Anjoti, J^v 4iiii(xV M rir Englifh Crown 94 V- c Antwerp, i»V i/<i/» rrai/e/iwwfiiW '4° ^ AmWVaJ/landi, why ft caiei , ., , * a?; V '.Aqua-Re^tlit, w*; // dijj'lves Cold only xx»i' &: Aquila (foo./, ifhtri tbe bej} ftfnd ' t^i ^cAquileia, tow coaftderable anifntlf . ■. 1*7 crAquitiin Dutch}, it't Smeffun and ComifjjaM U the '«v>>Eiiglifl) , \o6. NiArtbiam, CbaraBer and Hifttry <ftbit ?ttflt . , * JT h-. Archangel; ttoKnglim fir^ Traded f4ifA«i<< . ai ,,: 4*'* 1 ^feopigw CMnir<, at Atfieas ejiablilhf , .•„ 'i.-iji m;\, 45? .;Atgoniiits, the Port vhenct tbiffyUil . .\-a wn ■ ;4J9. . . • Hifim$i4 rt«ir»'v«£f','. ■ , ,. • M ,03;<..':i'5^ : : -Arincnia, it'r Wiftor; and frr^a*, Sr«tt j ^. ,,,,*• 5J . ,,iAraieniaDs, o/rfti-ir /le/ii;f«. , -ui-i\."4M'"'.V"*'. Aflyriio Monti, ty ^j Aiiieoi, f Ae i4ir of it itmm\abl) heallhf 454 Athcoiin , tli* Voundtrt of Law and Science ibid. M\m Minnt defcrib'd "'195/^ Au^uftao or Liitherao Con/rjl/^jii, phen and n hire made 195 Avignon, Popes refided there for Stvtnt) Teart Aureng Zebe, his Hiflorj and Charter bii Deatb AuRrafia, i4iir;f »» Kame of Part of triace AUflriao famil]!, HijUr} of it Az«ph, it's Situation cotrtillj Aaoret Iflrnds, their Dijcourj and Pefcrifthn 110 • 93 • 94 lo» 6i aop 48a 3«S 4«4i 49 • 91 II aj7i Sep. •31 »59 lar BAbel Toirrr dtfcrWd ■fitb^ha defcrib-4 BmoiiDs in India, ii>(4f Bath and Went, wbenVnited in tbe Bifh^'s title I Bathi qjF D4X, no m^a/ ni Germany 174, Battle of Spnrrs Beemner, firmerlf a Lal^e Belgium, vrhence fi named Bell, peat one at Rbtien 69 at GhcQt 1 36 at Mofcow 4" Bell at hot')*, [aid t» rtnief it'ifelf «iai»^ Calamitin ' )>) Bcpgil, no Inch an , . , v,.v , . • ' 04 Bergh ro»n/, in Hungary '^'-'' , 435 Bermudas Iflands, hud tb$ nam* of Snmmer, from Sir Gca Suouner* * 273 ttben tbe Cnglifh fettled theft ibid Bferte)e«a4< Areck, tbaw'dbr the \ni'»n Bird's neft, (Edible) anomiOtini food Bifcay. netfrr Cviqfur'dby tbe Moon ' Bitumen, it's Katnre and life filijfnti and Curlts, on Mounts Gerazim and Ebal BoNTs ill RuiTia, tit Emperor's CouuceHtU^ . KttfSK'W" •':^;^^';^'- Braminei, are Indian PrieBi Briril,.«toi d'itovtr'd ^.V?-,u^ .•94 'taa 319 xxi •30 SI •■,'. .3" Br«rtl|WI, CbaraOer cftbit People '. tttii, bt» dtfceadtd to the E. of N4fl>W, ', .^ctaign, /bow Vnited to tbe Crown af fntAt' . "anitt, the (teit Trade ^oine tllfiwi » '?• 13^ Bucaniers, tbeir Aaimt a'tf^fi tk;TSs^Auii it Amtfica 7' '■ uli.' ' ■ '^^ timto'^ffile, a notable Ct'U* in Oamntt >^ )i8 (Burg-gtm, wfcol r •. . rBttrguody kingdom, 'the S»ece ffloi ' • Hiw it divolv'd to Snua ' F '"G*^.. .,.,..3;; ^^jii.tjbcil'iv !.. .,^aj. Burguady Frnilnr, hm ttt^it'd by (i« Freodi BurgaodtAiu, thtii Oni'nt The INDEX, IC3 10) G. CAcio, tht htft inwi *t CiMOi Qdniut, tht Hilhtf tf bim C4ii)«li, ibat CiitUtt dtlctib'd Camtuk. nmcNUii that'i it* /T Mtf. *«8j 7< Cimprarjljuaici, iio»rt<M« fjiXKi'^-i/l 7^, i|} ClOiio, \t'i Anciini Stale, and Ike Nationi thai tnhabitid it / U Ctui 0/ Lingutdoc 111 /»'/ .SUket ' 1 1 i Caul tllcmpKdfrm thi Don ro (A« Wolgi 418 CMHia /!fv»r, ItiCilHirffft ' -j • T^J°;* '3* Ciinry /yy.ui</j, i>fcii ^'/iiivii ir*r Ciodarc, Syttn of .'Ctbiopia Cindii, Ataiiiil "f if I Sieif Cape Ooo«l Hope, vbt*, dijcner'd ne Ctwtiij abilit it delcrlb'd Ciracii, wbefi ill* btH Ck*o .' ' ' Ciramaa Alufinui, a Nablemati if Lycaonta, Jtm . Caravaoi in A fia, Jtjtrib'd 1, %" Ciimtlite Mml^i, vhnd </"«'</ ^V,'.^ J Carthage, «» the (,ime with Tuirii ',7. •WbtuUftvid i-lj 1 ibid. • aot ibkh ColumlHii, dlfctvtrtd Antcfici Whire ht jitfl likchtd Tit l!*ttit It liven bimfar Hanti Cou^, the tnhabilauii Uiwittltd It CbtifiidnU) Cinfa»iiiiniiki Fntilflmenti In Jipon CoperDicui Syftim of tht Wurtd Cophtitei, Chrilliannf l^^ft Coptui, AKiinilj the Kamt of the C*pUtt Citj Corinth, il'i ancient and ftfent Stall CMtcVl, at Atcountof th.it Titttl CMHaf Aldt if Vtaace. whal'tni whttrfealed, doxioga, a falUMi Chiocfe Prince, hit hiflmy Crau or Campi Lipidci, real Ariel Cretani, hvtnioii 0/ Navitatiin, Atrnn, iyt. CrefTy, battle there Catteryci fa India, what qyprtf, iti Kl»tdm of it ihen bj IC.IUch. I. LM^rigoao , iii •74 •a;, •xij .-I,, if. • 187 •187 4*1 4«»i4«» •54 •147 118 4=S 75 , •!" to Cuy de ♦ It :i -^1.. D. CaTpiao^M, w*; ii'j tUlert »re tdrmfi ef equilWlht •■77 Callile W Arragon, wbin Ihtfe ttuCroirnt Vtltii' 2ii, ,,3?« aialooia, r*» N««i/M of (■M,^ lf/» ; " v, ' u3^ Ufe, where Obadiah Wi the Pttplieti . ■"..'''■'' ''■''^^io Caucafiii Atouitain. difaib'd " "■ ' " '' "* J? Cecropj, tht fwnder of Atheni, wftm ht Vniei " 455 Cbamberi of Accounti in trance, what and where feated «J Chimpai^Dc, hew comiey'd to the Freocb King , 80 CharleiTMign, bit Ailioni <i tnid Gfatidiw, '; ,'^3 €hiii, when dilctvtr'd •334 ChitriHet of 'fc/«" *iiiir» • jas .. -/ifver CuBquer^^Sji rte logal '" H Xl«i '<}»</>» 0/ F HameleQ, /((/kcV r»;o a Cat e by a Piftr] fthmt, ;oo Leapiei neater to Rurope /frxn (J^t tld'Ktint . make It • 1J7 Number of it/ Cititi^ FM^, Wc. -■ Ibid. Charalter of tht People •140 thjftrpof 4' Ww Tartar AMB^riw ♦141 4 MUrbli toOttlJtirt ^. wr/iriomnjfW Melini . '114 Chrin, <** rtdce i»>*<r* he .fed Five TtanM. Where be raifed tht Dantbter of Jaitm ibW.',' " ht raifed tht Widm'i Sm • 23 . Whert W' Wl Uzarui ♦ aa nirre Cf«Ai\ ibid. !,'*♦' . ^ Wfrf r. /"*tt« / '^^'^ "•'""" CbriPianily very edrly Vreach'd in\fA\t "• '""^ •o>'* Cbufao in Oiioa, fiKf^Z/i EaS Mifi Cfmftny. lettledtUr't C'cero, w*er« *< wis\ilti ajS Wiw E*W/ \'!|5i Circle, of the Emplfi ^- -"■> ^>i ' u„ n. ,u,r^tj, Ciftertian /Von^/, wJfn BW/rfi' ipK^V'? f» namti'''yf Cloct at Lundco in SwecdcD,' iktratriHnMry MiMftw/ *CI»th inambuflitle, ibtJttft,mlifmU.vu We^^''^ tfj . e/o/A K/Wfor Mwj. ,, . 'T7~^ ; ' • ; '••M'^ 17 Cl<M,,wimtt),figk'- -^ ,,* .\-hV' '" ' •^"* 89 ,'.: . n* rr« anJ^miTcnltr l'';^^' ^•". .iV^^'jLf ^: To!!?; iiv^*jjS*#«*/X»«re • '""f^- ^•••»« '"""■■^i. Codrui K../ AtlKlft tfi5»«,, ,, , , ^ , , ,,. . d55 Coffee, itiTtte defcrited ' •^'^*^4^ . C«<f«4M ofOxFord, f frf Awuilrr/ f^tmiphtti ' '19 , —Cambridge, rfiWo ' L'' *i "jjlJoloffM 4» Rhodes, if* ai*i/amti '^ ^ ? i j DAnewailr,' « ntraMr muient Walt in Slerwiilr 27' Darlcn, where the Scoti endeavtitrtd to fettle ' 384 David, fK.J Ibi Placet of hit Retiriment when Peifeculed by Saul » 31 *34 Sf, Oacidi, fomttime an Arch-Bijhpric^^ Daupl\ioe, wberce fo mrnid Htm etavtytd to tilt rMivn.ef Krioct A'DaylnJi In tncempjffint the Earth Dt)t6, tttTitle oftbtKJntt of Japon Delphian daclt dejcribtd . ^ 'Dengtarli, when the Crttm wai made fttftditmy Biaii the Areopagite, not in Vttncc at fiettitdtd 'Olfpotet, o/rte Morea v '.<.. ' Deucalioi), Reitnd in TheHaly • ' '"i' ' ' • ViamordHltiti in' GofMrfda, howdiittnit^,^'^!^ The Minn 'defiribed, 4md Af.mntr of fittUt ■tbit.Stmtt Diiuim^t joimd inVotnto ..li-.i:, tintifmfltatWfMm, H's Main^di Dieren Palace t3)or*» Synod there' ' V.r • iHtktj t^h tiui. ) bh Mlimt lit Ametin l)ttelittk; #<wn (»i(/H t/iMt'Englint i >i \bfifli^Htjof Mttfth :Vfet ifthl'eiti^t 41 ibid. ♦147 in 40* ^6 59 4S7 4«t >M9 ■ iF.8 158 * aS}, 184 xivii. v> 198 f I7f ^''i tt'itre teti -A vv ■• V v%.v\.t. 'i,n„ V/mV . ^ •.iBjM.M ,111 (til A , B, ■ ii< Vinio\ .1 .'iiiA ' ' vi I ,i\.uA njt.iiA >|^Agle, Artifiiial one, that fh»4Mili<^ri ,e: „<72 ^ M^ The Earth, it't Globular fnm < ' <vii'\'' v.. ntiv. ' .—~-'i'iSiibflance ^ ^t'w nuAt ,r»irrii'iinii*i, ' ^((tfMi^e, c<w/e «/ i» c*' ' "5 ■«'^4» .i-'iiWH**. ' arrrifMrft' "Smlrn* I'inr'i' ■!, 1 MimtVi. ^ , i'-.n#7 •" >—<( Jamaica ' >» i' -^ ■'> .^-ntft i';.-.!; riMMiy5 Bift, ' Bklfmt ef tie '>•%< « TiUt '^ «Mr iSmigliii ' 474 i taft Indiei, »fc»i /fi:(?'f««*tf;f» -•Bi.-a:. , . M$ Kc|( bar r<w(ire<t/, cnt^irof tndoflldi<.tr I'ti ,r|ii''.:iJ^ta9 VdelTa, aChri^an PrJMctfaUty in tbrHmn.'tfjittMfWtr ■' ' V"0,-,- , ■' ff .!rli..-<,: f'#V47 -Idomites, Charalter aUttt/lflwftf'UlllIti' ,W ;: (li.jWVjtf ' "KleSirn Court in Vtinti,'"Ml*t ii'>.>"A'.>ir , <«r4 ,<:i>iuoArf4 lEWF(#if'>*f :«r iniiph* '• I'l! . . . i" ,vAi>«(1 iiii'i ■'*y5 ''tltphmtt, tbt Statwt Mid Alt <f thtm * ffb! <: )7i(<r ■ Nntiirt ■•'■':'" • 1 * -'.Vv •,;!,.•/,.,„. \-\ .■ , , iWd. ' 'tJijah, the Phei ifhlt'BifUi • 9T Hmarrl4eMcrMW-ri lie (ffrfiw'/ 0>l * a j» IViiert /M.^yJlMear-Vji ■ Wienee *4<:fn K^'M «f/Wrf •'■,-. >. *'ja ^bdeo, fometime tht ftaptt ft* BDgll(h<^4^ V - - aa4 ' fin^rori 0/ Germany i*)"4 yhtEmfi/i!ot'rP.mtt' ifs EmffroTf rtfided fometime at 'ttib»xoBi • , •lo 'Edghnd; lie Chttnian Keilgim pttntUiifri .. ^ i4*rfrM ' State and firfl Inhatifanti 1,4 (7owr/iwr(i> -J, tf, 7 Saxon , Hi if. • 187 •i8r 4tfi I3,42| * 147 118 4=* TJ •91 Cuy de 4* xi»i ♦ 147 IJ» jt.ij.i :,f(tftf . '; ' i9 ■■■ ♦$? ' * *•* kil^ ,1 1149 w.\> ,■, '."a sslitv 158 *A%, i«4 • •« xx»ii. ><.\'-. .198 ^H ,111 (til A )\ ,1 ..'ill A kiA ivI.iiA ,»flr,-:..:i.«7J »)illrl' . 101. ,niK iMXTa 1' .■\' v.ttj r... ••'.MS 474 It-: ,i. ♦kBj .'111 '. : '.ap 1..^ . f •*i47 or. U i!ii.;Tijtf 1 nii.'r '»75 .' ' ibid. r '. 324 ^Fntit 175 I J," ufidrM BW^-'-i, 6, 7 Snon Sixon Htftarcbt i. Sucufiaii rf $bi Kini j. glilh mmierii at Amboyda 7^-INJf^E5f. 'limi'.^a i^ %.■. .4» J'uloCondore ......»••« ^ • u, Eoelifti Em^Mu CamfMj what tbi) UttlflinUJ in Chioi •»45 Ifiu, tbt Cmtitrif of hii Pofltrlty • ^6 Iffeck, it's Bridct dtfiiibed 44J Eft4lei of KuDcc formerlj Hkf Ibi Englifli tarliamnt t,th\of\tlit, ikiCbarMlltrof tbttrtffil • * ■Sxbalaiion from tbt Earib in WiUi ^ ^V < '^' •'*' ' l^\MSt*dfjtf\l>ti SnArnefe (Alcif^ D. »f) ibt Smj bov bit {.Hit lilH fitvii r 161 Verro, the lfl*iii »><« tbi Krcoch ft»cti thffMi AftriitM ♦ 210. tit differtnce bttwttn that and TcanifT xii iMrAlle, Sbtkt of Fh|b Mary ibtft much ttvitinttd (My, tbt Anion of tht SiO tf >44 Uibumctini frtm iim Hiniljil, »*rr( he ^illtJ himfelf HtDi'Towoi, irt«f Mmt and Cold at tbt fame ttmi im the W.rtt ran" >,V».i\<.4| \a dl'li '. 1' 1 ' nf- 1 ,•(! •^01 4J •59 i.n' /ilM* HerculM f///4r/, white fttttd Hetod, where jmiittn bjQtd Hirydukei, what Hindowi, tbt ancient Inhatitanli of HhitM, thrir Coimtrt, Mr/rm«i-/IH;, the Piffle (f Oolophoo txftit tht Wrrliioi the ftmt Rotieutott Charathr of that Ptofli Humane Sacrtficfi \t'} peat modi tj tbt India br )t * 6 176 Ut^kdi * 107 * ai9 Moiifiioi 159 xxii XXT XXTli, &c. ♦147 lOI Conipier tbid. «87 fiatkir-FUiiiret, curioujlt madi Pire, its froduHion, tfftlls, iSc.- —~o] Subttrrmeimt Fires ^—How it Diffolves Metals. Fountains, the On fine of tbcm FormoCi, « f articular Defcriplion of that tjlrnd Fraoche Compte, when taken bt the French Praou, whente they camt and vltf/o tallei tfi Caul Francooia, whence Demminated France, Taxes and Kings Revenue $4. Government andCourls tfj. Prauncei 67 Fceoch Kings, the Succeffiin of them from Pharamcod 61. 62 f'riiii Antiqui, rWr Cwm/ry .. . , ,., ,, idS >,> I \i,iU»'Ti3 ni ;a;.iifnv(0 ti^'Ji ■. i. .v- y.v'> hikj 1; /[. <k'i ' .- '■•lUvii ■■'.'■ :.\ ,iihi*«' •■■ 9-'-' \>Me\'iui!r\r\i" ■■^. > . i:i.»jl.:.^ tj Galtl-Khd.'what '^" ■'• ■•*'\'^"- .-V^ • ,7 Epiiil Kpctrar, rri ftveral Di^^gis'SU OWmtii' Oaul £1 J jarfBurgMdiam ' 6t Cauli, »ibe;r MKfrnf Lttnpuiit thefame rrftb tbt firitifli 59 Befitii tht Capital 60. Conqfttr'd b) the Romaai 60 Ctitrality in Krance, what £4 GcorgiaM, Chsualif -f •'-< o«»/. '' JJ Gergefitei, rfcrirCoK"*!// ' . ., *H GamaD. »*'•" '*'" *'"'*" ""' «"«'" 171 itfif, very imich in Mpooootapa * }|8 Md at .Sumatra :4' ■'■.'"■. ,'•■ , ", ' '**«7 ■^Idtn-'Zli, wbyfoealhdiili'^ijat'mVilm ^■'^'^' Ist di\iii), where kjirdhyOnii.'^^.^'' ,r~'- ''I ■'•V4 Jpotliifh Kifli< m SpaiB- Tj. .L'l ' "' ' '5ib ^taio- ■ , '«r firanada. finuid ^ek Emperors ripdtd at Nic^/6 anit U'VViMoiti T .',- ^; . ■■"•.■■' ,-,: *'>> Craen-laiid, /onw Eoglini Vil^ri' tiire 1 439. nilafttidt T.rftbt Cold, and lone KiMlm: '^ ™ '^iliW. CtocnIaDden, <i CW^Sw 4':mttt((pU '"* ''*^ ' * jTis Ouabrei, or «ncttr* Pctfiapa 'Wrfr M4|«^ ^'*) ■'■'■^'- <^ Citlph. F4«i/,, -.aot^iA^IJ^'J'iff/^'VoVj^? Cfmtttnmttd . . . ..." . .;' :.;*: • ^^f^'V Hoff'iri, what Hfjjt (JoIid; Ma'-,i ^a*' •r • if, ■i I. JAcob, irAere ie was mtt bftbe Angels • ;i. where be wteftled with an Anitl * at. wbtre bt ma bis Brother •-i'-*34 UcobtWeH » i, Jiscobite Chrijliant, whente that SeH dtrrvtd • 4;5. f.47 •japon, Hillary of Hevolntion tbertt* ■$!. the Orandim of the Monarch ibid. His Court described * 1 54. wAm Cbriftianity expHitd thence * ij;. »i<ii KufO|Mam/li'/i . ■•fradtd thither * 'SJ Jioonett, « eharaBerof that Pitfii ' <^ iji Jani6 VI. King of Scotland Marrjtd at ChriOina lafcrAt Foynfe r« Goldiil '^6 "SttVidXcm, Its mcient State • 3J preftnt State •ai IfflperialCMiDbtr', B>tar 177. where ield ip6 Imperial City, what Indl'iiii, « CbaraHef^ </ Adt f(t//(. tMoltao, tvArni-e riitr iviaii.< Inga'nlf.o/ Peru, HifttrytftbttH' Jbe Wifdim of thrir r, mernment j^numJjtionAnnual in Syam * 117;' ^76 91 X 89 laCochtochiMi^itS nSuz * 171. i»itg)pt •224. AiNegtoland- ••205 at.JohaBaptiH-wtltrt'Buhiiidtd *'i<>.*V2 V>t<phi Stpulchrt , '. ^ }(.j^ TrtlaDd /ir/i /'ri)/>/ri/ro»Britaia. .$». tSifftimtj .fitMi Hbert ibid, andenfly very Leaned jj. «i4rM Cenfi^- %a ;Ttivhices an^CiiUitHi 1 ••'. ^ ••!:•»• ^roqnoii, rk Crwto/ of that People '^j j JTafc, (ie place where Abraham inttndti t» SMCrifitklm J r . • i 1 , !■ .>.iMml lOimael, wbire bit Pofterlty lived •Ur. <'. > , ;.-, 1 "W^lite^/iir/, wiere tkt, ow ffir AMk Jf OtfUf 'Mr*, ■■'» t\ ill «, ■). >vi,( .-iijyj i? ' Vsmc/1 i..ii.uiaitsj»;i.vi. ■ •.(■■i.iiniKiiT. i-\ '7af 0/ ti^rRomaoi ii.Vio',i v. k. Koox \Caf. Rob.) Mt actoimt of Ceykm \ J . ' '1 . , n (J 1 ; J,' ,4V. ■. I; ,v.i, •\ x>^ ,»rbDl Vfc»'-">«"» WV *> •••'' %'Acqge, miat i$ is \v.i:,-\- HL Utitndt and Lm^tude Ifci/t ." WH to Djfwgrf. . <£«>; caUetf Czerfriekxepiit: m >«)|nluy ,r.of iww^wpil '■^iBWarf ■■"■'. ■ .•..J.'. • ,.M) Landiriye ■(^•« ■ J.n,i;iV •♦tltoN' ,lu..o« ^\10I 3) hn n l> "ik Tifer INDEX. Laadgr4v«, wbA UpUadcrs, an Acctunt oftboft Peifle 'Lcpaoto, thtt'imui Batite tbtrt iL'lbtniiif, Dctinitian if it *Lithaanu, how uuittitt Polaod Lotd-lltnt.ili Kitrnt - Enquiry into ike ctMfcs «/ Ht yirtHt »75 39 1 XKxiii. &c. ibid. Lodon ick Kfflj 0/ Hungiry. Vtjt~x:d b) I.': Turfci 4^9 Tit fatai cmjeifiiauis 0/ it ibid. Lonl^irdt in Icily 3^9. Vii'iilbeMtUtfvltitftktitKki- ^^"^ ■ -Msr. ,;<,'. .!v.- ^61 LuigrtuJeif Suritt arteOii ■■>-'. .i.v.m,, ^ vj*, ,{, •Sj LoDtituJe 0/ mtnyjiljcts contUei ,j^^ j, 'j, xviii Ltiwmd dthibtd ■-♦'•■si, -'■''.■,■ "6? 1.00 y»tacf , l6^ Loretto, rA< tfju/t «/ fide C<r^ «ii tbt Shiiae that Ik- fcrihcd 289 Lot, the Cavf wfrtr.- bt and bit DoKthtir retired • 54 Lwtiluo, <i (o/i'i tmftjinre ibert ^4 Kotiilijoa, nsf fi larff .i< Hcnepin repitfentt'lt * ' ;; ifcOuvefteiDe fV/nn, wieiKf /o lumfi 1 ,.1,58 iMither rAfn and mbtrt bi t[i^jed Pofttj ,,,,^. -, j ji^ . .1 '.-■« .fJo-iAT • '-m li. MAcao in Chini. tbe Sunday »k/f ii Satudi| In the Chilipine IjlMdi 147 Madrali, 1A( IndiiO 7(«i«4l Fiffl ^/.Georgu • 1 14 Madrid, mttaCit) 929 Mtcltiicht, tibr Bifiiit'rick remivtd t» title 14* wbtutbut TiWH WM rained b) tbt HolUodrrs ibid. Mxgaillao /ir/} /4i/(ii roRMt (te £i>r;A * 319 wbett btDjti * n% Magellanic Straitbt, when Vifcivertd * )i6 Magdeburg IMcbji, biiv defcendtd u tbe M0<l>t(i ef finti' drabcrg ' 111 Maite of the FaUce it Vriooe, ipba tbtHOfittvMi 6t Maboinet bit Hijliiy • a3 Mihametaai vifit the Kiaaba at M«cc* m Dtvotion, ralber tttn Mahomet*! Tomb Malayan L*tit»»ie, mder^nd all <Mt loiAit ,■ Malthi, iti Prtftrlits .,. ^^ ., Mail!) Mies , wbinee derived -n \Wi:iv>.t^ mJ. —tbtir Mautreby i% J^ffjfi ..r MatijhKt Peafle if Vim,\M.<i, thmC^irtSir Ma/iora {Sea of) tbyfanamed Mfifltioi), tbtfvmur.Birtttt tbtM ,\ \.^\-, ^ Jtt.ia^Mvt, irMa .■ «\ •,«;'•, , ,'. , vfe^' .Marfcillei, !aid to be Fxndtd by,.^^ fttfU « ^mi* ■='* ■■< Oi. .jp- mi§tyr^$ Paii . Wanick, flentijiilioScio liaufolxum buitt by Artemefit V„H h U Mejitemneali Set, it't Uniib, SCa. ji,.j ., MelcliKidcc, tfhere bit Royal Seat >. ■ Mcngrelians, ChataihtiftbatPnjk - ., K^etmaidi, (len in tie Lake Ziire Jdiridian, ste firfi Mnidimi Md at Ffrio Jktmi, the Jet'eratli/tdt Jijir. ,•4* i.ni lun ■.U ,mR9 ••57 .•,'■'14 Mexico Cff; difetihti • l«o M/J«f; «/ <»V Mmttrtbi '264 when Ci.nfiietri by tbe Sptoiards ibid. Mice and Rati, t Wflnp 0/ McQtZ dtvmrtd bf 'ttf 1 84 •Mnaal Water f it Conrbon :~.t:x:cT^ . V «-; ^ --urtSpiw .1', •\ '.•)«. IV, )^ •., .ill MithriJates, wbmt burn and bmiti '9 MoabHes, thtlt Cmntrey .'.♦ Mo»!ul, Great Mugtl Emperatltf lodit, Vt Ptwtr, Wtaltk, (re. •51*92 tflSaij (f tbt[t MUtmth * ?2-j 1 ' \Ut tkb Thrme dff(rihed i,»iii.« ■>u,ji."i*47 j[^Mandc«<, #<» R ftetffcii t»irr ■ li-jitU V^^ '^lu'ui ^14 fMbotraoiiM /Co/ Mcxkn, kl: Mdwy ■,^^.\£4^i .iliibaf.1. . ~«i» if «ffff J (te Tides Mm, MDMtaini eftbt Mm in Aftlo« Moon, vfbtn tbej Invaded Sptht J ' lil'l u. 311 r\'^M >nV v^tn^i.^- '.•i.1 rflil- NAotei EJia, irJbM wj/c Naptha, it's Proftiiiet ' ^ Naliau, OK Acctiait tftbai family Navel 0/ tbe Earth, if by Detpti Jo ailed Naiiigatyi round tie £artb Nenixaa Oamei Neftorian Cbriliiaai, whence that SeS ekrhid Ncultria, Ancient Name «f fart of Vnnce Newbury, COuke ofj bis Three ^Danifittts K^inis, <trc- Nile ilnflr, it's Source •101 Of its oxerflovini Niger, R. tt. Source • 105 Nimcguenricafir ^'ucfch dcfcnbed NIfre, /»» Wade, iyc, Noah'x A>li_, where it refitd . Nntmtti, nbtrt they grtm mmm.tbt Tret and fnit de^Hed XXT. 4$« *4S> /' Afanied to '99 201 •214 H tvtrfii»iKI(fthe Nile ibid. ^5 s«xt. »/'i tW/ip I.ii'l i>^. ^^•aJl^ •-« Og Kint of BaCin, Wx Ceuntrej ^ , , Olympiad Games, and thence Olympiads « Cbtmlny 4ip Orao /* Africa, taken by tbt Moori * 179 Oraog-Outan or Suv^^e Man^'where found • 109 0/|<», A very larie cue at Ulm ipx Ormuj IJIe, fometime ftjftffrd by tie PortOgaese * U Where tlx/jtttitd ajttr tbt Coji of ii Ottoman, the Hijltry oftiiKjfe 0»id, where Biailhed 47* .■irsnu/i ■ 8 ,M M 'Ml*:' ("It-B PAf(od« dR fodiao Cahi, WiValut Palatial of Oithtx, hit Pewit Palatine offbf Rhine, m^l| «>i BleSer Palcflioe, wbence that lUite , Tbe Ronun Atetropclit of it \ \, Papal M*4rc>>y, Mijlor^ ofiti kSfetiit Jft^&tte Pi^firjlifiadt, wbeumA^fl^re .' ' Paoathcnati Oames ' ' , ' ' Paradice, where featid '^ "■^ ','"'■' • Paradict of lodiit, CafTimeef fofiitl ".'"" "" " Parchment, mitnted at Vttg*ti\at ^ ' PatUmmti ef Vra nee, Jbitir VMii; astf nirr/ 'j^a/mT '••afnaffM'ilftiiii; rf<'1riW Pafquio a Statue (it tloiiA win Co talM Pearls, when ibebfflaHjmf Peffer, the Tree and fmlt Mciiiei Peegimut, the aett iBrM). there „ ' IPerfimi, CimSte^ofijuiti^e '''' ^"\i<"^ ''• Eerfcpolii, iti anciint and frtjeitt .Vitt " ''''y-^ Peruviani, CharaSer of that People St. Peter, tvbere he cured /4io*a» St.iVttet's Church at Rome defcrited PhttfMm Battle PhMiciraa, ril'eir treat hfinnity 3lt !.■■« !'« .'u ,.<;. 'i* IB 186 4jtf „4*» /*i 4? f^* Mm'ita ta '99 nKliitht Nile ibM. 11 <c tJT.; <S5 xcxf. twiif \'\ jt, • if-, 4# •109 :ogaew * y& ••■■■isO ♦m U I-, lit em ^ A' t, f' Ji Sliie an t8, L * }» 4i» •17 l»hilirpwiM, ^745. S, V , The iMDBJf. 454 •1; tolippiani, E0th, mhtrttMeity 451 Miietefai rte Enmcb, eriftti tkt Khiclim 4 Vttyumu Rtiliftioei, (Mr CmirHrey defcHM • 9$ fipntf Hameleo, « mUblt Stttj 118 riatex, (»r Btttk tbtrt Pompcy, ftr p'<i» of bit Dtntb and Burial Pottugone Difeovery »f lai'u Potott, ibe We*ltb tjf tbt SUwr Mbit tbat Tbe Potter's fitU Prefidiil in France, vtbat Vrcfter (John) wbmt that Vmm * lo Pt'.ntiin invenlti Proteflant, ifbtnce that Numt Ptolemy V Syflem of thi Vniverfi Provence, /»» convtjtd to thi French King Pyrrhemian rre^r/ 65 Whtumtit Fjmmidt if Egypt defcrltei iW mi >l!>.> ,1%. ;i WHK •»(>8 *3J <4 •/ bim • ao» 15$. 171- '84 ill. 117 ^V9 ■•-. 'j>i » t tiaai MM 44^iMr Sinalctlcka iM^Ne . folecirme, vbtKce tiiH.mti . Sophy, (ibr farmr Title ef tbe J^ ^ Pcifii, niiii* /*" ^tf .'*4 .'ipain vtrjfnitfnl Xftf « little part if u uUid Kaio.pf, iUbve is 4 Cmntref jMd ta btiie btm long nn^wii Sttmioti, jMfietime m Vnrunfitf Steil at Japon i/cr; txcfUvt Stone, the Naturt tiid Pnpertf of it Sflfbm, itt KatHre An, jvl^rre itftted ftiH «» J-jBmrfJPtU^lf Suratt pillatt^ if Jkvfgy Syria cMijuertd bj the PerCaai, 6ic. .1^ f yri an «<■<< w/Jrf** M l^KsaSfA, . c' « v. rt t.' 3' 8 at • i}i xxxUi xxi :-»;ii^n f '.V >l -1 ,»!U.;.,:''»W • • V '3« \ im-*} •« to. ~ QUick-Silver, if/ ITWiirf, (gc. QfiiclpSilvcr Mites R. RAjaporct in India, i»Aa/ Raibootn in India, /(t« w^n R»f}ia Ram, reafon of tbe Rain) Monfaoni in India Ra'mboiP, Saturat Account of it Rtformatlon of Religion in Cercnany , an Rhioocero'i, that Beaft defcribed Rhodci, tbe Knights of it remmed lo Maltha Rio de la Plata, or tbe River of Plate difcribed Rotne dtfcribed Roupie an Indian Cm, it's l/'alnt RalTiz, vbence thtt Name TAincrlan, bit Life and A!H4's ——bit Royai Seal ai Sauiarciod T»t*flr) invented at Pergamui Tallow- 7>w in China Tartan, Origxne, Character and Hifior) of that vbence that Vame Telle (WiliA of SwifTetland, condtmaed to fhoot an Apple off Us Sons dead -•*7> *8(» ♦J37 People • 6t ibid. ibid • 90 xlv. Account tf it * 90 •u •318 ' pi 41) 91 Tenet iffe, the Peak or high Mountain on it 319 Difcribed 348 ^6S ,1 \ '«3 SAIique Lavf, vhat, and trtj fo named Salt, itt Prope'liet, <!yc. Samaritan Ttmple, where it flood Sarazent, Cbar uSer of that People Sianderbeg, hit Conntrey Schirai Wint, exIraor^Snary good ScUii, People powerful in Kurope ScliToniaa Langnage, exitndt verj far Scoti W Pifls 4< ScotirrtdifMriif ScytWa Scotland Peopled from Iceland Sea, Nature and Prtpertiis of it Seleucia, not tbe Succefjir of Babylon Sepulchre of $cheich-S«fi exceeding ritb * 69 tbe like • 71 Of Iman Rira, tbe fame • 7 miiody, ditto Sevtgy, tbe Indian R<i]a, bit Hifttry Sheba (Qfetn of) juppojid l» be of Ar<bM • 4). <7f >Ethiopi« Shells paft for Monep SicllifD Vefpert Sidon, tbe inttnuity of id Inbabitantt iiiret Mnet * a5J-««7« »»9' •»— ni Mmer «fRef\mgthiqt\ ■ <5j x«ix •30 • »7 4»i *1i ^} Mi. a uxix of Fatinu (/Gogea- • KG* * 110 Terra-Lemnia, an ejleemed Medicine Tercera Ijlandt, vide Azore* Ttirff, a Monument of Merchant who gave loooo Ducatt fo r n Vrauifit oj Water » 1 ^6 .?frThomasjirMiW?)ilndu *-8|- iHntji'd t&U^it^ia *ii4 Throne of Great Mognl vtrj rich * 97 Thule, >ArW«r>ii-E<i/'P*"o/ Scotland 53 Thunder, tbe canfe of it SCc. ilviii Thnnderbolt Def.ned Jilis Tide, tbe reafon of it examintj xl Tide, four feveial Tidet at tbe [am time in the StrMgjHt Mouth » 15* ^ . RenifnrkaUe tUt 't Nrgropont 465. wonderfnl fwift at ]/\^ Clmbah • lot Tolu^alfjifl, whence brought * 384 Tree in lodit, wbi[e Brantbet Jioep down a^dtakf frefh Rtot ^ 91 Trees a Walk, of them me hundred and ftftj Leaguet long *97 Tranpitt fimd, when tbe Grand Cham has Dined, igt. Ibe Turki •■• fit Turb, mfiorj of their Kifeand Prtpefs w—— — Government and Cnflmt »f Turkifh Kings refided at Burra TmiiaSUiiudom J PaijiafcBt ^_^_ Turkilh Sultans rtfided at Iconlimj. Tyre, itt RevcluHont andprifent State an .217 apt »i8 ryo, 198 ▼. VAud<di,«UrWi]dfnfei Velfen, a Conntrf in America, |h«ii to tkat famUt Venice, when fymded a4} Fmmmhh Crtttwe, nmt willTm in Y>1m 341 " " 'HiIn 9lU Verfiint^ f f Thi INDEiC. ft ro7 Vtf6ill«,r«fl/»04r*ii wrfWdXr-iwrliAffrfW •? Wittikjnd Jt/>ir "/ aillMl|f •*•.- » Vhs /l| Virgin Mtry, *fr «))•(> rciwvrrf, Cr* .--» 'ai. ♦'«9 ir»«<M, /WWW 4>«r<« • »»< MAUlf ij kjllini tkem \\ta\a\i firft Vifctvtrcl •^\uK^Ai. ♦ ,^j « jjy Vlt?Ml, in Pro^rrtu ^. '^ ""*'"• ..pitt • - i.vl.>. y. , . .- ,i^-. ,*:,„. ..n.v, tAanrm Mam, whtt MM S'l .•"'^U i . .. ,tt3K;r.MU \ ifi WeiM (rf Utrecht \*n»x\jv,f*M||| >»,. T, ,-■)» -^tna (i ,. ,»».'» Ut tf tw ChiMecij »Afrr/><W \ =>«»< -f4l v» ' "■.'•'i ktA'l.J.y.i .•«>»».« t4» ,,«,„. .»# W,^ • <»•'' ""!»!. >• ^''W. -YitiraiKi /ic'. */* -finwiro/ Tafta»y »'. \o ,• ■ I ;■ Vm 'HiK,^ - i^ ,-.11,1 J • it, tetimmtf Sibult . WAldenfa, •*»«» Dnw»ilM>»/ '**■"'» ' »i9.M4|..>> ,i ..-fi *«iib«»iii ,n ^^ . ^m—^tbt Ptrfcartkmi tbtf Jtffi&ftl a<tf j •«»•* ^, , w.*** .,.i , ,ir , • Wlln, ■*« ""fi^rfrf 40 " 0,Jt„i;' . ~-"r? i- ■ -f ,WtttT, ttftture MijMWiis Jtxxrl -,. i 1 WiJI FricMUnd 1 JP »Tf Amorin, or KMt if C*k<ut. *f /nrwer Qatitm WeftpiwlU, I»*«IM A M*«' 2*-i JL* •<>» Wjnerf Schlf«»*XM»rfiiif iO«4 • dj. •?} Zc«>bii fiwcio/ I'alrwyr;^ iff a*»»Jw 17 W«rf, IV/t«ffio" "/■ «< I'" !'»"• '*' Hufnte (ifirro/ , a Prxpi mait <if hu Skjn IW ^^^^i^jtof If li». It a firimit tfftU en the l-.ntny 20R .—.OfMtnfmtwuttitgrWhiii li^"*. iHydn-icei* tfPlUnd,/«rm<r/; Uv-4«»i <«• " ■ MU lid ,-<i:(j . ,• iCl'JIJ.^i/, ! IfcC- \W .- jl ,. ' ' * Kiiri:; 1.1 -..,< , ..|;. r ;'»ldi 'Hfc.'S 'u'lMlllv'«._-» \' \<1J>(1 V - 1.;, >riu \f. iVji \ .f} •'«.%-. MJ ■fir .h^-f* li«.i M il|i l i 'ii; * * * • n" 71 iiL. ii.i.tM'^ ^ U*1t ,»|'»f|t»\ ll^cyji:* |rr •»>»>« H5^ Ti.A ,r,V,i til ^■A■:^c<\■i\ ^l TT 'W£n I s. (■ i-i5l)<r>?. •^t ti^ '.IfcA it .f -, it .^la(fT « l< £ •jj& ti \» Vmi'I' i^VimXT ly ' *<: ' • i««.Wv 101 • i /; tS\»»\ -p \V.it. itm^ \vi\\, • ji.dMti Vdit .tLiol M »5tt jS TC* TI ' ■•4wl •i* Isirr ..^ )Ul'l ; .wiA >•)•, A, ,»n|«r tl ■•!,..,H •,»lfc'^ .'i ,111, :i ;ii!hi;f m, ■."»iio,J .Jt* .iVMv*" ■.•.', ,,.i.y G v\v'"« >.i. \. '.i,»..flj,in.AM.?: n-1 rti.a ^ •■ ;. U !nni-.,t,. m»i^\ /,J\ .M ,J1{T ><'■''' ' I' 9^ -. . . , ,, , .T «"' ■ 'MM \ ,ii.;\fii!Nlii)il . wo?. V 81 ' Jot * "^ ^M\''Ahi»\ i .; "'s «,ti«K)]M "^u .u« 1)18 f'f Ht-<vvU(R -iiMn ,4wu>0 »m«Mn\ o.-6'>^ ■ vOwltyriiri*,* 3 a i i> .'\> IVM»M^ •«. jf}.-. ; . -sj" • '5'»««n-v -'■-■<,■■'-'■«■- • ^ ^ i "V ^ •■07 M> .!« i I'M ' '.ff- •17 '. ...rt ^.iivii' ,aiTli!rt ,»».! 'j «i,«i,tn Ai »C V> i U»i Htli* '•■)'. ("••'^ '■"■!. ■* .■ ■ v> ' -*v" ttViV vhmim kMl ttt. "-■ %