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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent ia m6thode. 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 iONFII f R IB I?, <3 f i 1 '^''' V. <\ ^ <->^< [CONFIDENTIAL. I f ISHERY Commission, Halifax, i8jj. f' THE EFFECT OF THE IFISHEI^'Y" CL^A^TJSES OK THK TREATY OF WASHINGTON ON THE FISHEEIES AND FISHERMEN OF BY HENRY YOULE HIND, M. A. HALIFAX, N. S. PRINTED BY CHARLES ANNAND, 1877. M % f •Ml 1 "'"•'^lllh.. .:<» 3 ^ c< I a i 1 i-W i I t CONFIDENTIAL. f Fishery poMMissioN, |4alikax. \>S11 ^riiK EFFE(n^ 111' TIIK f fisi3::e:r-^2^ cl^^tjses iH' TIIK 1^ I { 1 : A T Y V W A S 1 1 1 N ( i I ( ) N J nV TIIK FISHERIES AND FISHERMEN OK Bi^iTiss 3sroi?.Ti3: ^^nyLE]i?,iC-i^- BY HENRY YOULE HIND, M. A. HALIFAX, N. S. PRINTED BY CHARLES ANNAND, 1877. of, I ■i t I I 1 ^ 7.^07 1 The Effect of the Fishery Clauses of the Treaty or WnshinyLon (in th(^ Fisheries iinrl Fishermen of British North America. Introductory Sketch. I. Ch irni'tci- lit' l!iiti-li Amriuiui Oii'aii W.itns. II. C'liiiractfi' oC tiio Sc;i-lto;inl iind of the iMslifiii-s.— .\ Slioro Hoiit Kislicry. HI. Fishcri.'s cliicHy liniitcil ;» Coastal Waters.— Cliaia.l.r nC \\w Ncwfi)iiii(llan(l Fislinii-^. IV. lU'lalion of \\n- ]hhUU Amcri.an Shore Fislj.Ties to its Deei) Sea Fisheries —Immunity iVom IJisks. V. Keasoiis why tlie Ihitisli American l-'isiieries are ( hietly Slinre Fisherios. A'l. lirhition of the Fishing I'opiihitioii to the ComiiierLiai Marine. \'ll. A(Ivanlui?e!< of an Extended Coast Line. VIII. Indirect value of tlie Coast Fislieries to tlie ( 'oinmer'ii,isl ol' Uriti-li N.iilii Aiiurl.a is ^\■,l^lll■'l hv llio waters of that liiancli of t'lic great Arctic outflow wliiili is known l)y tlic name of tli' Lalirador ( 'nrrciit t8.'!. ) '•' The |)ic(loniin;uit cliaractcrislic^ ol lliis t'liinnt are its low tcmpeiatiiie, .ind an exiraordinai v iirofiision of lliosc I'onns ol' Marine life wliicli abound in cold oceanic waters, (S'-i to 8!i, and 9!) to Idl I among wliicli ave the ( hiil commercial food fishes. II. A large portion of the sea-hoard swept by tho l.ahra- di . Cnrr-iit is incapable of settlemi'iit on account of its oro- graphic ti "ires ami rocky chaiacler, the rcniiining portion is thiidv sctued, (t) and almost e.vidusivcly by a population in- ua"ed in sea fisheries. The pursuit of this industry on the coasts of tlk' nouiinion is c.irricd on chictlv by means (>f open boats, which m'cessarily reduces it in a great but variable measure to the condition of a Shore fishery. While there are not less than t!0,!iU boats, maimed by l'),()ii;> in-shore fishermen, there are only 1379 sea-gonig vessils, nnmncd l)y !H)97 fishermen sailors, engaged in this special industry nl the sea. '-■' III. The ratio of the number of men exclusively engaged in the Dominion Shore boat fishery to the number of men en- gaged in the Deep Sea Fishery, using decked vessels, is as 1.1 to I ; and the total number of boats emidoyed is nearly one-lid f the total iinndier of tons of shipping. Hence it follows that ' y fai the largest i)roportion of the fishing industry of the Dominion is pursued in coastal waters, anil .nuchof it rarely e\ tends beyond the limit ol' three marine miles Irom tlioco.ist line- 'J'lililc s/ioiriii;/ tin- r.Hinbfr of lionlx mi'l Mi n i.i lltf Slnnr Sat Fl.ihiik'K /ii' Doininion in IN'li. ''■' N .. .a ll,.a|s. N... ,.r Mill. Nova Scotia !)")85 1S,0();{ New Hrunswick :{S.-)0 7;!:,"„' Quebec 58 1.") 10,777 Prince Edward Islaml iMU 3831 20,!3U IViats. K),()'»>3 Men. Table skoieiiiy IIk' iiiiiiibfi- of 1 'c'.«.sc/,\' ninl Men cnyayei) in, the Sea Fisherief. N'li. of Vi'ssi'j.'i. Nil. Ill' Mt'ii. Nova Scotia (>53 ()(l4i» New Brunswick 4t!3 17i)4 (Juebec ■-••5(1 l!-!)il Prince Edward Island 7 35 137!) !H)!>7 1. NoTK. The llnuivs ii: hnu-Ui'ls rclVr In lln' |iMni«iiipli- luul sections in tliciloscriptivi' ti \l. 2. Ollii-ial Hcturiis--Iti'|piiil III' CMiumis-i' iicv uf t'islierii's. ;). lirp'rl "f (.Viunnir-si'iii'r ef Kiriliciii's. \$'H. iv IN llfODlcroliV SKi;i( II. 'J'oiii/at/r iiiijiiifKl ill III'- I'lxhmi'K. No. ..f T..n-. Nova Scotia 'JKSOd New Hmnswick o.Olil (Jiicluv I4,(i.'i5 rrinir F.iIh aid Island .'iH.'i Total ll.SSl Tons Tota! \... nl .Moil tit,l:.>() '• Hoats !i(),'.'41 " Tomianc of \ Csscls 4l,.S8l I\' III Ni\vl'oiiii(llaiiil ilii' i)Ki;i' si-,A n.sMK.iiY, as dlstiii- LTiiislicil Iruiii till' tisliciy piiisiuMl in coastal waters, or williiii lliii'c Maiiiic iiiilcs IVoiii tlic shore, lias scarcely a scparalc ex- istence. I'lie vessels « liicli are eiiuineiiili'il in tlii^ eeiisus are used rliietly tor the purpose (if sailinsj from oiw Coastal Fishery Station to aiiotlier on the Island of Newfonndland, or for the Lahrador i'ishery. The total niiinher of lioals en)))l()ved in the Shore Fishery was IS.Iill in 1874, and 14,75o in 18()9, and the niunher ol' persons en.uaned in catchinf; and ciirin;; rish 4o,SiV| in 187 1 and M7,'25!» in 18()il. The numlu'r of vessels was l,Ilt7 duriiif; 1874. «ilh a tonnaifo of til, •")■"> 1 Ions, nianiie(l liy 8:)!lt lisliei men sailors. Scalers ,iio included in the enr'neration. I'lie coiiihincd (isliinsr iiidnstrv of l!ie noininion and Newl'ouiidlaiid is thus represented : — Xundier of M.iats :58,s,-,I.' Nninher of X'csscls ;.',")7(i Toiinaije of \cs-e|s 10(),4:i'^ Nninher of persDns em; ij; mI in catcliiii',' andciniiit; lish. I()'i.-lli8 'I'lie .ippliaii o n-ed in tlie^e Fisheries inilicatc, to a certain e.xlclit, lliei: character. Where deckeil vessels are necessarily eniploved hevmid the limit ol three .Marine miles from the shore, it is esscnti.div a lir.i-.e sk \ i i.siikhv. Where open limits onlv are Used, it is in t^cneral ;; (iMsr KisiiKiiV, altliongli, as in the case of Ncu loniidl.in|a'"|iriuti>il tn till' ciniii^' anil stnriny ef llsli. •i. I'lnli-r 111!' liMiii '•(■■laslttl Wiilers" is iiiiil,T-ni"il tliiit purtlnii "t llie si'ii wliicli lii'~ within ihree iiiiiiiiii' iiiil.s fi'oiii ih'' slcac liiie. 1 )» 1 ■'1 LNTRODUCTOHY SKKTCil. V 'I'lio cliiiiif,'!'!!!)!,. I'liaracliT of' the wciithcr on tlic Hiitisli Ameri- can (/'mist, — tlie sii(l(l('ii iitiil uncxpec.ed occunencc of A)i;s, — the varintions of cmirnts produced by tides, — the long CNperionce of the dangers attending lishing in open lioats some distance from the land," ' — ilir pecuniary rcsonrces of the fishermen, — conjoint- ly with tlic ahuiiilant lisii resources of the coastal waters, have ccuuliiued t(i limit tiie iiidustiy of the British American fisher- men, in a great nvasure, to the immediate vicinity of the shore line and within easy reach of lir.rhours Thin is particularly the case in Newfoundland, when deep « ater generally prevails close to an " iron hound" coast, and where much fishing is proseculerl in tie vicinity of Islinds. Some idea may he fornu'd of the extrai^rdiniiry risks and Icrrihie 'osses attending the Heop Sea Fishery on the American coast, even in well found decked vessels, from the following enumeration of the shipwrecks and loss of life, aeeordiug to the Wreck List of one United States Fishery I'ort alone, namely, (ilouccstcr, Massachusetts. I"-' Period Imm 18;!() In .hihj l.sV. 1873. Xinnlicr of 'V'c.ssels lost (280 Lives lost VUSh \'alne of \'cssc|s lost .«il,145,5{)() Amount of Insui-ance $8!jit.5l.'5 Losses of Cahles, Anchors, &c l"»(),()l)() .•\verage loss of vessels yearly (i Average loss of lives yearly i28 In a |)amphlet puhlished in 187(> by Procter Brothers, of (iloneestcr, •''■' the losses of the "Gloucester Fisheries" have liccii carried down to the year 1873. The total losses since IS:)!), arc thus sumniari/cd, t p"!?" "^'^^ '■ Tnhlv of fjossfs. ^ Men loOO Vessels .!;};! Valuation $1 .:!(il, ;{()() In-^urance 0;24,71S " 'I'lie foregoing losses show an aggregate of li^tJ.j lives and '.'80 vesM-N lost during the past 42 l-'i years. Ot this nnmher, '.)i vessels and 708 lives were lost in the Georges lisluMV ; 19 vi'ssels and l20!» lives in the (irand and Western Bank fisheries; .W vessels and 107 lives in the shore cod and maikerel fisheiii s ; 48 ves.sels and 9I> lives in the Hay of St. Lawrence macki-rel fishery; 1!) vessels and (18 lives in the Newfoiindluul herring fishery ; 34 vessels ami fi-i lives in the freigh'ing business ; 2 ves-els in the (Jrand Mamm herrin.; fishery ; 1 vessid and liJ lives in the (ireenland halibut fishery ; (i vessels burnt by pirate 'I'a. (Uiy ; 1 pilot boat lost in the harbor. Of the ^80 vessels lost, the crews of 147 fa little more than half) were saved. 'The loss of life and |)roperty lui (jenrges is upwards of one half iheiuitire loss. The total value of vessels lost is $1,14."),")()0, on which thcie was an insuraiu-e of !i!8;t9,r):2."), mostly in the local offices. In addition to the above are the )iarlial losses, of cables, aMrii's, i.s yiviMi in tlii' A|i|iiMiili\. •-'. Till' KislicvniiiiiV M.Muiirial lui.l lif.' ir.lli.oK, l!y (Iim.is;.. II. I'r..ctur (iloneestcr, .Mass, IH""!. .1. TnK 1''isiit:iiii:s or lir.oiTKsri:ii. fmni lln' I'irst rali'li of tlio ICii^'lisli in in-ja, til till' (Vnlriiniiil Yi'nv. ISTii. (ilimi'i'«tiT I'roctor HnilluMs, I'ali- lisiinrii. ixTHoDrcToHV sKirrcir. "As no record of tlic ininihcr o( widows and orphans made liy tlipse losses was kept previous to 1858, it is impossiblo to i^et at the correct number, but fai\ing an average of tlio past twelve years, it would give ten widows and twenty fatherless children yearly, or a total of 42!J widows and 8 14 children. 'I'he losaes average 28 lives and (i vessels yearly." — Ibid, {pnrje 51.) \'I. .\s a Maritime power th" Dominion stands fifth among the Nations of the Worhl. Its Commercial Marine, almost wholly sustained in its most important element by its fishing population, born to the sea, is only surpassed liy that of the Mother County, the United States, Norway and Italy. Its tonnage increases at the rate of (50,000 Ions a year, •'■' and it draws its supply of trained seamen from a fishing population scattered over three thousand miles of sea-board. \\\. The iiossession of a very extended line of coast, stretching fullv five thousand two huiulred miles, (VZ) where the Fishing Industry is pursued in ojien boats by a sparse population not exceeding (!.4 persons to the square mile, (4) liMt whose industry assures to them an aiigregate annual catch reaching the enormous sum of I'bont twenty millions of dollars, is justly eatei aed as an inheritance of priceless value, and in its far reaching intluencc upon the future of the State, is jealously regarded as a birthright, for which no other material advantages could be accepted as an e(|uivalent compensation. Setting aside the annual pecuniary value of the industry it assures, the indirect relation of that industry to the maritime interests of Hritisb .Vmcrica, when measured by the estima- tion in which Fishing Nurseries for seamen have always been entertained by political economists, confers on its coast line and coastal waters a value without parallel in history. They are an unrivalled security for future political infiuence and power ; es- pecially where the foundations have been so well and deeply laid as on the Dominion Sea-board, in its infancy as a State, and where the instincts of the people lead them to pursuits which compel familiarity with the dangers of the Si'.v. \'III. Whatever tends to lessen or impair the value of that industry whose puisuit necessarily involves early and special training in the hardships cf a seafaring life, strikes at the root of maritime excellence, (Kij and checks, if it does not arrest the progress of the State, '- ' Hence it is that the Uritish American Coast Fisheries are not only a source of great present wealth to its maritime population, but the strongest security that can be offered for the niaintenence and permanency of the Commercial 4 I 1. C().\II'.\Ik\TI\ K STATI;MI:.NT -li .winn ihi' iminlier nf Vessels anil iiuiiiIm'i' uf T.ais nn ihi. I{i'i,'i. l» unininn "f Ctiiinlii. ..n III.' SIst I) ntiiT, I.S7:t, I,S74. IS7.-i, mid ISTi:. l»i(Ovl?(rl:». 1- 1^ 4. 1» 18711. Vawli 1,147 2,.s«:l IWl •2»() TnllB. 1,144 2,7S7 l.tlT SI.-. lU'J ss Tiiiis. aM,74i 47ii,->-2,l»V-. lU.^W 3,118.'. 178 1 ■..(..'. :>f^% Vtss«.|i.. ■ Tolls. N'l.u Hriiii>twick .\mv.i Stntiil l^imiKH' Oiitil'io I'riiH-t' Kflwurd Nliitid llriti"h Ciilumlilu MiiriitiiliH «r,8N) 4411.701 214,043 Wl.lll :«.iii» 4,0I» 1,1M 2,Sil7 1,1102 S..11I 3.SS 40 2 7.1,7 ftti.ftiri 17a r..iiii ' ",7« UJ7:171» o,o:io 1 l;,i<;lil:l I L'l;)! -^iri ■J. .S'e |ia«L. XI. Hc|inrl nf iliH r. S. (Viiiniiissi'.iii'r 1)1 V\A\ iin.l Ki»lii?i-it'S fnr IS7'2-7;i. .Mr.... H !(.-|.nrt lij- M. (Awl... Mlii llii' nrKiiniziiti.ni ..f l''islicrie.H as rfiKiii'ils tlit liuri'ii.' Hi.ii|iniiity Tmilv willi (ileal llriliiiii," I'.'li. .Mil, I8(i7, mill " l(('|inrl ii-n.liiriMl in llm iiiiiiio nf ilii. r .iiiininsinii for tin' l-jniiurv into llif \jiv, ri'liitiiiK In Uii' Uri'iil .S'n l''is|ii.rii's," liy M. Aucol, Is.'.I. INTRODUITORY SK PITCH. vH f Marine of the Dominion, of the industry of thoge who sustain it in till' capacity of Ocean Carriers, and of tiic political future of the State. That this view of the importance of Sea Fisheries, wholly apart from the pecuniary value of the catch, is entertained by political economists of the United States, is sufficiently testified hy the acknowledf<<'d loss resultinj? to the Union on account of the decline of tlii^ Now England Cod Fisheries, elsewhere re- ferred to. (28.) IX. The lenf,'th of coast line in the United States opened hy the Treaty of Washinf,'ton to British American Fish- ermen, does not exceed 1030 miles, north of the 39th parallel of 1 atitude, which forms the southern limit of the Concession. The length of coast line in British .-America opened to fishermen of the United States, not covered by pre-existing treaty arrange- ments, is about 3700 miles. 1' ' Tlie area of Coastal Waters conceded by the T^iited .States is about S.'jOO statute miles The area of British American Coastal Waters conceded by the treaty is about 11,9110 miles, or more than three times as large a marine area as that embraced within the Coastal Waters of the United States subject to the Treaty. X. The industry pursued by the Fishermen of the United States within the limits of the Coastal Waters of that country, north of the 39th parallel, was formerly very great, and of immense importance to its Commercial Marine. (16.) But owing to the acts of her own citizens and the depredations of predacious fishes, the Coastal Waters of New England have lost very much of their former value as fishing grounds, and the cod-fishery, once of vast commercial importance, has been ruined, in a great measure beyond repair. (-•' (14 to 20 ) XI. The Coastal Waters of the United States south of the 39th parallel still maintain much of their original wealth of the food fishes, and supply annually enormous ([uantitics of fresh fish to the United States markets. I-'' But to these prolific fish- ing grounds access is forbidden to British American fishermen, because they lie south of the 39th parallel of latitude. United States fishermen under the same treaty, may fish during the sum- mer in British American coastal waters, and when the approacii of winter renders the fishing industry hazardous or impracticable there, they can start at once for prolific fishing grounds south of an imaginary boundary, and pursue their calling throughout the winter months. ' '^ This is a practical advantage, and indeed a 1. Xiivii Srotin 1170 miles. (Jiiebei- 8i;4 •■ .Ni'wfouii'lliinil SOU ■• .Vew Hriniswii'k 'ATt " I'riuce Kilwaid's lsl(uirt tut IS7-'-3. imfii' .\l. ;t. Till' Fisli »iiii|ili«l liy the WnsliiiiKton nmrket in IS74. (Sept .10, I87;t, til ,Sc|it .'SO, I.S74) \v.'if{liiMl ill the «ni.;iv(,'iite ll.OOU.WKI |Hmiid»: ami liy fnrtlie j^reatoi- pi-upurlinn were deriveil IrDiii tlie I'ut.iiiiiie Itivevaiiil tlie lnwer part, of flie.*ftpeiilii> liny. When «i' liear ill iiiiii.l that .VleMiiiclria, .Vorfolk. Kieli- iiiiinil and iiiiiny other pliice* were sii|iplierl from the Minn- .•itoiehmise, to say iiuthin;{ of the immen.w ipinnlities exported to more ilistnnt points, we may realize the iiiiportnnee of tlie lisheiies us lienrinK up m the ipie.^tioii of nation- al ei'oiioiny. " Aiiiiunl Itenml of Svii'iicr miil Iiidnstn/," 1S7.">. Kdileil hi/ Sjwncer K. lluird. 4. Tlie Fishery Smiiek>< owned at \i>nnk. f'onneetieiit, tish on tlw outer Iiiinks or in the vieinity of .Voank daring the siuniner. ami in winter are employed in tisliin;; otf the Coast ..f Florida, pii^e XI 1. Keport of I'. S. Conimisniiuier of Fish mid Fisheries, for l.S7-t-7.'>. See al.so "Fisheries of (ihiaeestBr,"i|aut«d in foot-note to jHiragriiph XII. viii INTIiOIUCIOHV SKI'.l'Cll. positive gain so iiiciit, tli.it it fVcqiieiitly (k'tprmines wlictlicr n tiofttipiii siiiiimn li-^licrv cnn br the profilalilo basis of a con- tiiiiially ('\])iiniliiij; industry tiiicuinlioiit llic yrar ; winter .'iii- liipyiiiciit beinif foini(i for siiinincr outfit. From tbis i;icat advaiitaiji', tbf fisbcimcii of Hiitisb Aiiiciira aic (icbarii'il by tlip liiiiitiiis; clause of the treaty of WasbiiiLrtdii, and are conipellcil to lay up tlieir vessels diirinij the winter sea- son. Hut the I'tiited States tisherinen, to « luun have been con- ceded the riijht of tishinn in Hritish Ainericaii coastal waters, in the full cnjoyir.cMl of all the pri\ ilcj^cs and iniuiniiities belon^ini; to c(|ual and niirestriiteil i o-partiiership dinijii; the entire siini- iner lisbiny season, hasten at tiie ap|)roach of winter to pursue their iiulustry in Southern waters, from which their Northern |)arliu!rs are by treaty excluded. '' Nil 1 he ti-li «h()se pursuit bums the indiisliv enjuycd by the fishernuui of the I'idled Sintes in .Southern waters, belong in pait to the class known as ' Anadronious ' (ishi's, or, •' such as live lor most of the year in the sea, and obtain tlic ;,'reater |)art ol their !;rowtb there, and run u|i into fresh water lor the pur- pose (d' spa« ninij : auKuif; them the Shad the Alewife, or b'esh water Uerrinij, the Rock Kish the striped Hiss, iSrc, '1 'I'he destruction of the Cod fisheries which formerly existed on the Co.ist of New Kuglaud have been attributed by the United Stales OouHuissioner of Fish and Fisheries, to the comparative annihilation of the anadroinous species on the New I",uf{land coast ''1 by the various land industries established on the New F-iiRlaiul rivers. South of the .Sitth parallel, thi' anadroinous species, whosi' pursuit is a most exiensive and remunerative in- dustry, find an accessible winter home iu the warm waters otf the coast of the .Sonlherii States, and enter the rivers to spawn as early as Fi'bruary. I'o this winter home and the vieinily of the months of the spawning rivers, the I'. S. tisbermen uve privileged to pursue tbem, but this is withheld iVoiu Hritish American fishermen, who arc thus placed in a poNition nf mi- e(|ual and greatlv restricteil conipetilivc rivalry iu one and the same coiumerci.il ])nrsiiit. This is a ■.tati" of lliiie.;s whicli h.i« arisen, we iiiiy suppose, from iii-nlVii iciit knowledge ol the habits of the species, and how those habits mav be modified by climate , and how greatly they may infinence commercial relations He thi~ as it may, it led to the adoption of those remarkable conditions, which letter the movements anil cram|) the enterprise oi one side, while ihey free the movements ami expand the enterpii'-e of the othei'. '* ' 1. " .\s till. ((.•■iig(>s rislu'ry wniii's in tlic chisina .'^prinu ini)iilli->, llic "p alive iiiiirlM'ii-i pals in an iippiiirann. iii ihi' far .Siiatii, lunl wnrk« uorth- •wjiril R-* tile sciis.nl lull iniiM"*. A Inrt;.' pnlinn of tlic Itccl i-iiunu.' al i.Mco in III!' pursuit nf this ilHli'itiii'li' li>li. mul fiillnw his ilt'vi.iiis uunU.'rin^s niilil h.' ili-apiH'Hr-* III an iiiikn->\vn liiiniU iw winlt-r api'r.'ariics. Tlic tlfcl 'it iiwiiv ill .\pril. fiiiiitff im fur Mniih tin t'itffiniti^ luit ynnlanlly wortiiii^ i'.wiinis 111.' wiiliMs ..r Uli.i.lc Isliin.l. aii'l iinii'k.'lin^ llii-ir I'lilcli l.ir III.- iii.ist piiil in N.-» V,)rk."---Tlic K.sli.Ti.'.- uf (J|,ini'cst,.i-," I'r.M'inr ilr.illici-s, ISTIl. •J. ".\iiimiil liM'urcl .if .Ni.'iu.'nn.l lii'In-liy" l.r Is7"i. Ivlili"! I'y S|».|iiit I'. Ilairil. I pap' 4l.'i.) a ApiK'ii.liv N.I. I.CliHii. I, II. l.ill.T ..r .s|i.-nci-,- K, Itainl. 1.. III.' I'.nn- iiiis'.i'iiu'r ."I Main.'. ( nniiniiii Ailin/riiiuinii* Sfurirn. I. .sliM.l. ■-'. Al.'wifi'. .nilii-.iii'i'.'iiii ..r I'i'.'-li Wiil.'i ll.'niim. .'I. .sjilni.iii. 4. Siin.li. .'.. '*''lri|M'.l Bm.s.n. 4, " As 111 i.ri'-.'iii I'liiiiliiPtiiil tlip ll«lii>vie« of liliiiiivstiM' riirni.sh ri'iiiiuipra- lUi- piiipliiyiii.'tii t.ii' its vi'ssi'ls unci niariiiHrs fur tin- pvcatcr pun of the yrar, iuvl it is ii'.t pi'.. hill. |i' thill .iny c.iiisiili'nihh' p..rli.iii ..1 ilscnt'i'itics noeil lio linn. "I |.i n.'W ll-liiii|i li.'l.ls In llio yriirs t.i c iMic." Fin/ivn'r' nf (lluiirnler. INTUOniCTOliV SKKTCIl. « 'I'lioy ]>hrp an nhstniitivo lioiiiulaiy on the i)]iiMations of tlic Uiitish American Fisliuiinen I'ar mmv liniilrd and ((Mitincd than foiineily existed nnder iho Ueeipiorily 'riciity, and in tlie same hiealii liiev icmovc every imiiedinient to perfect freeihini of ac- tion to Ann'iican FisheniiaM liiroic^dioiit an iroa of jjreat proihiet- iveness and i)raetieally unlimited extent. XIII. I'lie NiH'cies of tish piirMied on Hrltish American Coasts for commercial piiri)oses, are ahnost exclusively those whose liahitat is limited to cold waters, (11) ami the most import- ant of these appear to find the coldest waters, within certain limits, hest snited to their development in Ameri -an Seas '- 1 (!t9-l()3). The great dettreo of cold characteristic of the Marine climate in which the commercial fishes (Cod, Haddock, Hake, Halihut, Herring', >[ackercl, &■., .^c. ; are hest developed, is derived from tlie I.ahrador Current. " ' The area affected by this curreot o(f the (Jo.ists of the trulted States within the hun- dred fathom line of soundings, and north of the .'tDth parallel of latitude does not exceed 4o,000 square miles (VI). A simi- lar area in Hritish American waters exceeds ;20(),()00 s(|uare miles. 'I'he cold waters of the Labrador Current on the Coast of the United States occupy a wedi;i' shaped area ])assiiif; under or iutormirigliiii; with the warm wateis of the (iulf Stream south of New York, '-'l In British Aiuericiu waler.-i, the area is practically limitless. \\V. The original source of the food of the commercial fishes is brought down from the north by the Labrador Cur- rent (90), the gi-eat storehouse from which the cold water fishes derive their sustenance. 'I'he manner in which many of the comuuM'ial fishes spawn, such as the Cod tribe, the Mackerel tribe, the Flat-fish tribe, coupled with the remarkable adjustment of thi^ specific gravity of their spawn, so that it floats in suitable saline waters, necessarily involve the principle that whenever dei)letion t;ikes place along any considen.lde extent of coast line, the species will be preserved and restored by an in- flux of o\a fi-om l/ir Xfiil/i, or in tlie direction of' the Labrador Current (10;5). Hence the natural restoration of depleted United States waters, in relation to the commercial deep sea fisheries, is largely dependant upon a southerly di-'iribution of ova bv the Labrador ('urrent. W. The relati(ui of each species of the ( 'ouimercial Sea fishes to a certain sea area adjacent to a coast line is established by the natural habits of the species. (Jl'2) This limited area is the Inmu" of the fish. .\s a general rule all fish return as near as possible to their birth place. (2'2) .\s far as known, they winter in deep water near to their birth place. 'I he sup- posed migration of the so-called bottom feeders, such as the cod tribe and the flat fish tribe are imaginary. These fish are indigenous to the waters in which they are founil. The so- ealled surface feeders, such as the mackerel, come in general from their winter houu's direct to the coast line, and their sum- mer wanderings are very local in geographical extent. XV'I. T"he relation of the deep sea commercial fishes is S intimately connected with the condition of the coastal waters as ) 1. Set) AplHsmlix No. I, Cliap. V. Also •' Partlii'V lnc|iiirii's mi 0,'i.aiiic riroaliiti.in," liy AV. H. CnilK'iiter, .M. 1)., I'.H.S. fa^je M\. ■2. Sw"Catiil.iRiie of tlio I'Mslics nf liif Kust I'nast nf .V.irtli .Viii.Ticn." I'.v Tlieodiiro (till, 1»IKH 77S. lieport nf lli« L'. ."<. Cuiiimissioiu'r "f l''Wli Hint Kisli- erii's fur 1871-7'-'. The vhiikl" iit ciicli s|nj(.'ius uf li«li iu llie I'lil't wnti^r sens, is Hivcn in iiiincs 7U'J-S1 1. :!. I'niteil Sintiw (;.iu.«t .'siirvcv I'Mfi'ss.ir N'errill. X IXTHODlCTOItY SKKTCII. f{ceO,'u\n and biTf(liiij< moiinils, and their gipiitei' or less Htmn- dance or, in other words, the conimcniid value of a fishing ground subtending n given length nt' roast line, is largely de- peiuhint upon the preservation o( sheitererl eoastai waters as nurseries lor halt, nurseries for young fry, for spawninj?, hatching and feeding grounds, 80 intimate is this relation that the abundance or poverty of many deep sea fisheries is measured by the preservitiou of tiiesc n.itural nurseries iu their orii^iniil state, bofori' the land area thev subtend was occupied bv man. (Ifi). X\ II. I'he Auailiomous Species which serve so largely as the food of the deep sea commercial fishes, are dependant for thei'° abundance or diminution on the |)reservatiou of uninter- rupted comuiunicalion beiween their inland spawning groi'.ids in rivers and the sea. ( .\ppcn. IV. Ch. II ) Where local land industries have led to the destruction of this communication, important deep sea fisheries have been ruined. 'I'lie approach of many ol the Anadromous s|)e( iis to the shore is dependant upon temperature, and wiMiin the bo'indarirs of the Labrador ('urrent tiicy come iu the Spring from an inaccessible deep sea aiea opposite or nearly so 10 tlieir spawning rivers, and their approach to the coast is roughly indicated i)y an isotheriu.il line. (Page XXX. U.S. Commissioners' Re])ort for 1871-7JJ.) Be- yond and south of the I,rtl>rador Current, they find a suitable winter houK' iu accessible waters on the coast of the I'nited .States south of tiie .'illth parallel iXlIj. XN'lll. 'I'iio coast line of the United States washed by the Labrador Current, represents the commercial fish producing area related to that coast line. Similarly the coast line of British .\nu'ri(a represents the commercial fish producing area related to its coast line. The.-e r.ilios are as fidlows : Uniled States U)o() miles. liritish .Vmerici, ujt alfi'cted by Treaties. . . ..'iTdO •' The ratio of population alfec tiny; the fisheries to the coast line tronting e.idi sea area represents the drain upon th(! re- sources of that area. These ratios are (.\ppenilix I, (,'iiap. Ij — United Stales 100 persons per s^^. mile. British America IJJ " '• XIX The unrestrained acts of man, either bv the unre- stricted use c)f destructive engines in the captuie of the food fishes, or by cutting off the supply of food on account of the ne- cessities of great inland industries, have in a great measure, dcpop- ^ ulated the coastal waters of the United States. In British .America this hiis not been done beyond speedy repair, and this has arisi'u, fiistlv, from the great extent of the British .\uieiican coast line; secondlv, from tlu' paucity "f population, and the absence of manufacturing i.idustries ; thirdly, from the control exercised bv the tiovernment, and fourthly, from the illimitable area of cold water suital)le for the development of the commercial fishes off the entire coast line, and ceaselessly fiowing past it, freighted with fish food and fisli ova. .\\. I'he catcii of the commercial fishes in the deep sea is dependant upon bait procured in coastal waters, but the spawn and young fry of the bail-fishes are the food of the commercial fishes, and rs these diminish, the accessible supply of the com- mercial fishes diminishes also ; arising chiefly from their retiring from the coast line owing to scarcity of food. Hence the taking of bah fishes from coastal waters diminishes the numiier of llie IM'RonVCTOHV SKKTCII. xi (Ipep spa filth in ii j^ivcii ncccssiMc ami, ''■' and the viilni' of a flcrp 8('i fislif'rv, as loiii^ as it depends upon liait, is in direct ratio fo the alniinhiiice of l)aif (or food and for caleh. XXI. 'I'he l)ail used to lake llie deep sea ronnuen iai fishes varies with the Heasonn id' tlie year, tlie charai Icr of tiie sea bottom, and tiie inarin" cliniaK!. ((.'hapler VI 1. 1 What may ho an attractive hait one niontli is n^Ldess the next. A fiithory ahonndinn in fish may l)e vahieiess on account of the want of siiitahh' hail. lliis occurs thron«iioul the Dominion anin^ wiitcr nut nl* a laickot, whore tlio vii- caiicy is iiiiiiii'iliiiti'ly HHimI from tin- suvrniiiiilinn limly ; liat it is laniv liko tnkiiiK lai'il out iif a kc); wIhti' lln'ii' is a s|ini'i^ li'l't llmt lines nut liecuiiiu ■ iceupieil by iiiiylliiiit; el"!'." I'. .\.\l.\. l!.|iort IS71-1'. 1 \ii iNTHoDrcroin skktcii. I'linn of tlir yoiin^ developiul ('riiatacran, they are eagerly sdiixht for l>y (lie Cod iiiiil ilii trilic. A Crali pruiliiceN two inillioii /oca, ' ' a LohstLM' IwiMitv-tivo tlioiiHaiul /oea. TIh'M) I'ri^i- Hwiiniiiiii); rrtiUiircK attiai't tlic inaikcril ami lirrriiif^. I'lioNe whicli puna throiigli ihv emhrynnic t'orm and aHitiiine that of till! perfect (.'riiatacuaii, lincoiiic a lure to the cod drawing them iniilioii' (Ciiaprrr VI.) The cnormoiiN catch of Loh- slern on tlii' American (,'oasita aliccts the roi:>t fisliericH in lliu manner described, and the deatruction of the ('ruataceun itaelf, in a secondary (^onsideraticMi when compared with the Ions of inahori! bait, which brings the deep sea tinhcs towarda the land. The same leasoning appliea to all the lower forma of marine life, which, in their (■nd>ryonic condition, serve as fiah food, and to all fiirnis of fish life, which, as spawn or fry, serve as food. Striking as the relation appciirs to be between the fjee swim- ming young of the lobster and crab, and the wandering schools of herring and macki.'rel, it ia scarcely ho strange ax the marvellous adjustment of the speciKc gravity of tlie egg of the cod to the medium in which it has to Hoat ibuing the period of its development. (H'i] .Should it rain continnonaly for one or two day's at a lime during the spawning period of a achool of cod, and the surface of the sea meanwiiile be agitated by a gentle wi.id, just siifKcicnt to mix the sinface diluted stratum with the undiluted sea-water on which it rests, to the depth of a few feet, the salinity of this upper stratum is iliminished, its specific gravity lessened, and the delicately l)alanced embr\o of the cod will no longer Hoat where air and light can reach it. It sinks to a zone where its specific gravity is exactly ecpial to that of the medium in which it remains suspended, but its chances of survival are immensely lessened aiul lVe(|ueiitly rendered nil. I'rolonged rainy weather may thus destroy innumerable Cod ova even in the .Sea, - ' yet, unless such dependance were clear- ly worked out and established step by step, with lu) link in the cliaiu of evidence wanting, how few would be willing to receive fir an instant, the statement that there was an intimate connect- ion between — to us<' a common-place, but suggestive form of speech — the season crop of young ('odtisli and the monthly distribution of rain. Yet such is the fait, and its exemplification foreshadows rela- tions apparently the most diverse, yet in icality the most inti- mate, between meteorological phenomena and the produitive- ness and unproductiveness of fish seasons; in a word, on the fluc- tuations of the Fisheries Nor is the relation of the loathsome ' slimofish' '■' to the destruction of long celebrated " od grounds" less curious and instructive ; or the varying instinct which impels the yearling cod suddenly to abandon one fertile source of food for another yet unseen, but coming towards the shores, and h'aving this again to meet a third advancing army whose approach some instinct heralds. " ' But we glean from these facts an inkling as to the causes of the fluctuations in our fisheries, as well as of those mvsterious intervals during which the fishermen lose sight of the cod, between then- ' spring and fall fishiug.s.' ' To destroy on a given extent of coast line the food which 1. Sw .(.lint .\|>|>iMHli\ in .N". II. l!('|hMts mi iIih Criili iirul 1, ilisti'r l''isli- (>iii>.'«c)f KiiuIiiikI iiimI Wiiliu, 1S77. L'. (i. (). .'Nils. X Mif.tiuf fittittiitmii. 4. Si'B " Hepirt 1.1 tlif lliiiiii' Kepiirti it," liy Itr. fi. <». Siirs, im tin- Srii'iitill.' iiiM'sli^ntlcin ii's|ii'i'li'ij; llic i''u\ Kislii-rii'i in \\\i- I, 'f.itiin I'nini 1H70 111 INTIi <'liii«liiiiiia 1.S74. INTKODICTOUV SKKTCI!. xiil ^ ■Uitniiw the ileop h<liin;<. the nupply of Hill in a ({iven Hay, or hIoiik a ecrtain streteli of tiie coaHt, will lie reduced to a very eoniider- able decree, and Rltlion«li it may l>e perfectly trni- that the "ea iH praetieidly inexhaustibh' ot its fish, yet if the fish of a partieii- iar region are cleaned out, there is no hop«; that othern will come in from siiiromidini? Inralities to take their plai'es. since those already related to a given iindishnhi'd area continue in that relationship, and have no inducement to change their ground. It should therefore he unilerstond that the exhaustion of a local fishi'ry is not like dipping water out of a huckel, where the vacancy is immediiitely tilled from the surrounding hody ; hut it is more like taking lard out of a keg, where there is a space left that docs not liecome occupied hy anything else." *'•' XXIV. 'I'ho exhaustion of several cmitiguous local (isher- ies is practically tlio exhaustion of a delinite area of coast line, wliicli may extend from ten to a thousand miles in length, its has heen the case in New linghuul. Hut the relation which ths dee]) sea commercial fishes indigenous to a given sea area is BO intimate and dependant, with regard to food at certain seasons of the year, and spawning at another suuson, that the transformation of (he coastal waters into a marine desert, implies to a vciy great extent the exhaiisliou of the deep sea area out- side. X.W. From these premises it follows generally, that the exclusive possession of productive coastal waters is tantamount to the control M' the preservation of the productive character of the deep sea tisheries adjacent to aui iiic ('(|iiivali-iit to ii>i<'(>rl:iiiiiiiu \\ti- 1/ mint I'li/ of liinl iliji- pi-il uiil III' ilic ki'K ami llic lime riiiiaiiiMi'il in HilhilrawitiK it. XXN'I. 'I'll!' Fixliitin Iiiiliii>rry in Hiiliitli Amrrinin wiitcix i' riillliliril til ri'il lili «|M'(if» iil' nilil wairr IIkIich tthiiir lialiitn (Irtriniiiic wlii'thcr their |)iiiim> icnili'm V III' the I'onitant ilraiii nl' liait liitliCN I'rom coaMtal waters in to i^railiially iliivc llie Coil and itn kiiiil farther nil xhore. Similarly, the (leHtriU'tii)n ol that elaHH of marine ani- mal" (Criiiitaceaii", \'i' ,) wlione Hoea Kwini in coiiiitluin millions ne.H the iiirlacv, will leail the herrinf; and liic niiickeirl to heun h till iillier anil more |)iolilii' feeiliii^ ^riiiimls. Ilente it is that from whatever pniiil of viev* we rej{,iril the loaNlal watern, we iirtivi- at the inevitalile eiiiii lii»ioii that these are at oix o the soiirie anil the mainstay of the ileep sea lisheries, hotli in rrspei't of halt, fiiiiil, spanning xniiinils, shelter for yoiiii^ fry, and reenpeialing niirseiieH. An eipial partieipatioii in the yield ol those which art- still eomparntively iinimpaireil, lirings with it the respiinsiliiiities attending the eon-ervatioti which iirik;inal Mniliviilnl pos<.essi(>M iiivolveil. X.W II, The nominion (ioveiiiment posseses entire con- trol over the lisheries of the roastal and inland waters in all the Matitime Provinces. 'I'liis control h.is liceii canfiillv exercised in the pnservatiiin to a very coiisideralije estiiil of the marine spawnJML,' i,'roiMids. and in sei iiriii;; Mniiilcriiipted access to the fresh water j;ioiiilds of the iiindroiMoin species fieipiciitiim the rivers of the Doniinion. In the I'nited States the local control exereiHed by separate Stale {juvernments over the inaiine and fro.sli wilier fisheries wi'liin the limits of e.ii h State, umpled I. "Till' Kii'iil chaiiuc hITim-i.'iI in tl Iiiiniitir ii'nl iinalii"ls "f llic (11 m- civotiT li-lii'iii--. within II runii'iii'iitiifly tVw yi'iiV'*. liiis lifca liir ri-iilt hT niMih>r< IM ciiiisiri|>lyiiif; Imil nl piMper »eiiMin« «ii\e UN ml'leil iiii|ietii-. I'l the lMi"ines., Till' increiisecl fneili- tle« fell- liiins|i(ii'tiitivel>i|Miieiit nf iliH ice liii-iiiesB, iitT.nilini; heller iiieiins i>t la-e^eiiiii^ ami liMwiinlin^ ll-li Inn^ distaiires, linwexer, wr'aiulil the ^leiili'^i re\.i|ali .11 Ihiil llie.-e li-heries have \vi;iie.'<.>eil. ami |ihicei| (il. 'i'e-.ter in the I'lii'eli-.ail III llie H^hiiit' [■"It'* 'if .\ni"iieii, .siinei' thi' "peiiinu ol I'liilninil e iniiiiaiiii'iitinii with lll'iicester in Islli. Iml imne jiin'tieiiliirly ilnmn; the |insl il.izen years, nil iininea-e hiisiiiess hn.s heeii il.aie III Hhi|i|>ini4 tre!-li li«li III iill |iar|s iif the e.iuiili'y, the miler heia^; iveeiveil ■ hol.\ liy leliniiiiih. mill the liiji In iiiy ieeil anil •lii|iiieil ilireel In ili-laiil la— tmiier-. .\a.itlier iiiitiji'iiwth iif the incvease.l I'nrilities I'm' lrans|iiirlali<>n is the iliris't sliiinneiit nl' eai-eil ll-h tiiiill |tiirts nl thi> cniiiitry, a hiisiness thtit has iniM'easeil frniii a inmlest lieKianiii^ in IMiil tn liii){e iliiiiiMisinas, iiiiMl liliinvi'sler has heeniae the ili^lrilmlinK lieail-i|aai'ters lii' it- own |ii'iiiliii'- liin«, ami tn a ei>n-ii|ei-alile extent fur tlinse III iiih.T ll.hiiin |i,,iiM. Several liii-iiie>K Inaise- in this line senil niil tnnle eiienhii- weekly, ami till lar«e iiiiler.i ilaily Irniii a Inn;; list nf enne»|rinileals. .\ sinnle hnn.se in 1S7-* -.hiplieil nearly .'ili.iHKI ipiintal- nl c ll|li^•ll, '.'14 Inn- nl c iillish .4lri|i|iei| frnai the hines ami -i|r|iniii1iiin. anil that a hir^e steamer, inakiiik' ilaily tri|i> tn llnstnii. ami a res|«'elalile lleet nf llvsl-ehiss freiKlitiiiK ve-sels. |il_\iiitt heiween (Jlniieester ami New Vnrk. timl lai*niti\e einplny- nienl.'' ■" /'/ic Diifiirii'n tif (HinKi-ifi-r." Vimtfr /Inil/irr.i. INTHODICTOUV sKi-rrcii. m with powprfiil liinilirring and iniiiiiiliictnritin indtintrirN, olmtriir- tiiift thi' lrr«' |mH»:iKf n( the iiiiuilidimiiiii litlicn In tlicir M|iiiwniiiK f(roiimlit, linn ri'mihcil ii priviiri{eit nnd land privilc^cH. r— SKA l'lllVII,K(iKS. I. Kll'cct on tilt' food of till) conimnrciiil finlii'ii. The indim'riminntu and uncontrolled taking ol luiit, will rapidly diininiKli tlic siip]dv aln-ady beconiinK in many localities Ncaicp. In proportion to llio diniiniition of the supply of bait ill couHtuI wutei'Hi tho ik'ep «ea fish will retire fnuii the nliore, and ho impoverish the coast lislieries that, they will liccome practically unproductivL'. 'I'liiM will involve an entire cliuiiKo in the churHctcr of the Hrilish American iiHherieti, und the use of open hoiits must he replaced hy Kcu-noiiin vesHcU, or decked vesxeU alile of venturing a considerahlu dis- tance from the shore heyiniil the three miles limit. In very many instances the condition of the lishermen is such that they will not bo ubie to procure the lu essary veHstds and outfit, hence, starvation, or a total cliaiiiie in their indiisliy, will super- vene, and a hardy rul>alil.v vi'nclicil il" nmxiniuni in ls:W. whun the Hrnoiint "f tiinnnt;i' cn^'iincd in it was li-lliH tiins, till' numliiT uf niiMi iMn|il,ijc'.l 7!MI, and llh' pnidui-t i.f llsli li:i,f.>'_' (|nin- tals. valu.'diU SI.".7,7S(I; to which must hr add.'d tlii' hniinly of 825.1 7'-', riTcivi'd from the ^{I'ncnil K"Vi'rniiii'nl. lint iinotlicr llslirry laid now fur ii few yoiu's utlrui'li>d the atlcntiun nf llu' lishernii'n ; and tin' .■'hori-ll.''liin(; fur cud, Bxcepl that cnrriod un in winter, di'i lined frnni Ihi." lime, till it rami' to he, ns at the present day, of insif^nilhaiit account in llie husiuess of the town." — '/'/»' Fiii/it'nt'it of Ofintrfntfi\ xvi IXTHODnrOKV SKKTC'H. wliich become greatly inLTL'n''e(l in consequence of other sources of food, such US the halt tislics, their spawn and their young licing hi>t to tiiein." ' The iiitlii'utions of a considerable decrease in the ('od in some localities is established, not only by the less catch per man, but by the small size of the fish caught. The gradual increase in the nuuibei' of lisli required to make a ([uiutal of cod is a sure sign 1)1 a|)piiM(iiing il('|)let'')n. HI. I'lic modes of tisliiiig practised by the American fish- ermen are very destiiiclive. '- ' It is a most serious error to state that mother or spawning Hsh are not taken by the bidtow. The gra\ id lenialea seize bait lying on the bottom which they will not rise to take whei! suspended in the water. An enor- mous i|Manlity of spawning fish are tluis taken, and also in seines, in the act of spawning, and the effect is felt in the diiuinutiun of the vast supply of food these would furnish to marine forms on which the adult cod and other species of fish feed. IV. I'he taking offish in the spawning .season is always prejudicial, (43) and yet the Herring and the I'aekerel are largely caught at tliat period, and so also is the Cod with the bultow. 'I'lie most convenient localities. u>r entrajiping the first named of these fish are often near to the shore, and the addition of so many fishermen amply provided with the most approved modern iNliing gear will speedly tell, in the different ways de- scribed, upon the schools frequenting well known spawning grounds. No one class offish can be diminished or destroyed, except |)rpdaceons tisbes, without injuring the increase or di- verting the movements of another class ; indeed, so potent is this influence that in Norwegian waters the .ibandonment of many old Cod lisbiiig stations in the well known Lotf'oten " :',;rrs, has Ix-en attributcil in ]iart i)y Prof (i. C). Sars to the ebangcs wlii( h have oc \iv d in the movements of the schools of herring. ^'•'•' V. The niiresfricted admission of the American fishermen to the coastal waters of lirilisli .America, ca only be mitigated in its disastrous effect upon the Fisheries, by ex aordinary outlay and precaution in preservl'ig the anaplied in waters such as those washing Newfoundland, tlie Nonh Shore of the (iulf and I.abradoi', where many of the anadromous species do not exist l!ut here, in ])lace oT these anadromous species, come in new forms of marine life which reipiire the coast line I. " VV.' l,n"W tliHi li.-li simwii. Hint llsli ill dilTerMiil stHRPs of Kniwlli, (MiislitiMi' till' |iriiii'i|«il siiiniT i.f fiHiiI to iitlicr llr.lii'.< in tlii- »'ii, and tliat till' yri'al |ini|i'irli"n "f ti-lii's ili'vnuii'il nvi' .if ti'iuli'r uni'." IVof. Spuiu'i'i' f. liiiiv.l. i>. wiii. li.'p.nt ISTI-72. •J. ■' TliH -iicfcs< Willi wliii'li tlu« iHlh'iy i^ iinw |iur-iii'il i'' ilunlitli'-s due ill 11 cMm«iilcrali|i' clfuvfi' 111 till' pniclii'i' td triiwl-llsliiiii{, Knnii tin' t'lirlifst tiiiii'S, till witliiii 11 lew yi'iiis |iii»el niily ; liiit llicy iiuw list' tlif I'ri'iU'h iii..ili"d' ll.sliiiit; willi tiiiwU, wliirli mi' liiii's, miiuDtiiut's sHVemI liiiiiilii'd li'i-l ill l.-iintli, willi slmrt liiu- and liiiili'd li.niks sii>i>i'iidi'd finiii tln'iii III fri'.|iii'iil iiil'TMiN. Tlii.'y ari' iifti'ii s>-l u l.m^ iliijiuiica froiii till' vessel, ami iHllii.« wnik iim>c III' doiiH iiiid tlii.' trawls lunded in diirii'.'*, u« llieir siiiiill ImiiI" iiie ciilli'd. il is s.iiii.'liini's very Im/iinloiii, and, iiiilnili- pily. liftlili' In lidul iii'i'iili'iil,-." /'/if l-'iK/inin uf OhiKTsIri: ;i. Hi'|Kiit 111 till' lliinii- l>i'|i«itim'iil, liy llr. (>. O. Sios. mi tin' rnti-tUBl and .*.;'ioiitilli' iiiH',«liKiiliiiiis ivs|M'itiiik! tlu' ('"I Fisln'iii"' in tin' l.ol'.iteli. friHi ISTOt" IS7II ( loisiiiiniii. IS74. I ixTRonrrroRY sketch. xvii for tlicir spawning; f,'ioiin(ls, bicedint; i^roiiiuls, iiuiscrics and early devi'lopmcnt, and the takiiifj of thisc belongs to the STHANl) KISHKHY. II.— LAND PRHMLEGES. I. One of tlio first requisites for the siirressfiil prosecution of the eodfishery is the possession of good ' rooms' in capacious harbors. A large, safe and easily a' >e:.jiblc "room" is an ad- vantage of such material importance that in former times among the British in some provinces, and until the i)resent time among the Frencli, tiie setting apart of " rooms" has been a Govininient act, regulated by Special Surveys and Laws. It is ((piivalent to the possession of a suitable and commodious property for the carrying on of an extensive industry which, without the facilities offered by that property, would be in many instances valueless. Struggles and disputes for the possession of " rooms" have always been tiie fruitful causes of international troubles and local disputes, and are still so at the present day on the so called French shore of Newfoundland, w here a concurrent right of fishing is establislicd by Treaty. Canso, a famous Cod fishing station for three hundred years, when taken from the French, was re-allotted into rooms in 1T™5, aiul at that time its fish trade with New England alone was £150,000 currency per annum. Sir Thomas Hury's " Room" at Canso in ll'.io was !)CiO feet long, and 270 broad. Where the advantages and privileges of " rooms" are not enjoyed to make and store fish, (Uie-third i)robably of the value of a fishery is lost, for it must then be shipped in bulk ' green,' by which process it looses some of its value, and is more expensive to make. It is thus that the use of the Strand biconu's an clement of gr<'at import- ance in the prosecution of the Deep Sea Fishery, ''•' wholly apart from the advantage it secures in the means afforded for taking fresh bait and .storing it in ice. f- I II. For the taking of Halt, and for taking those fish whose habits bring them close in sliore, the use of the Strand, and the fishing in waters which wash the Strand, is essential to a %x'ry largo extent. So valuable Ins this privilege been esteemed, even centuries ago, that the : tost stringent laws were enacted for its regulation, and even the penalty of Death was attached to their infringement. 'I'he " Saturdav's Stop" was considered -^o important in Eng- land, Ireland and Scotland, that imperial enactnicnts, involving the severest penalties, were the law of the Land. General ^lalines, in his Lk.\ MKKCArnui.x, ''■' .\nno Domini Ui.Jt!, thus d<'lines the Statutes then existing : — "Statute Law of Enghuul, Irelaiul and Scotland concerning fishing: — The several Statutes of these Kingdoms have estab- lished good orders concerning the Fishing Trade, whereunto relation may be had, containing, in substance, (he oidinances to build ships and boats and appointing of certain tiuu s for fish- ing ; and then only to fish upon pain, not only of forfeiture and lines, but Death, also according to the manner of offence made, and contempt of those decrees and ordinances. I'rohibiling (for the increase of fishes) the making, setting and using of crows, yarrcs, dams, ditches, tramlcts, parkings, dykeing and 1. .\nsiiiicli ill liis Ilistiivy uf .Vnwl'ouiiilliinil ( ISiU) nnliivs tlie viiliii' .if n/m/r W tisli II.S rcco^jiiizLMl liy llif liiiiisli >(.'i'i'lianls in l.H'.l. Il« ri'lVrs to till' injury dmie Ui tlm tl.ili liy salt ami pirkli'. ami llu' ii!v>.«urc to whidi it is siilijiiftiMl in tlie liolils of ves.«ol*. fup' .Vi. i See Oi>('r<>i> (bVnc'li) of All! .Mai-rli, l.S.VJ, for an illiistriilioii of tlio nmnnev in wliirli till' t'riMU'li (inveinintfiit nulliorizi'cl tlii' ii.^e of tlit> Stiaiiil in N'ewfoimillaiicl. .\|ii«>iiili.v. :i. .Soi! .4ii|i. to, I, Mil', of As-omlily. N.'wf M. 1S.-.7, p!iK"' •'ll:t. INTRonriTOKY SKEH^H. waciis ; and albeit, some are permittpd to lay nets and to make wat'irs, yet must lie keep the Siitiirday's Stop, tliat is to lift the same from Saturday in the aflciiioon until Monday — and he is to make each space of his net .1 inches wide, excepting for tak- ing smelts and other fish, wiiich will never be bigger, and the same is to be set upon the water, that the mid stream may have the space of six foot widk vi-on i'ain ok kivk rouNDs." "That till sunset on Sunday, no man lay or trale nets, great line, or exercise any labor, upon paine as aforesaid." In Norway numerous regulations exist, and are effiit Ki^lifvit's iMU-..*ut'tl Iiy Ann'ricfuis in Canmliini wiitiT^, liy W ll.Vi'nniiit;. lii'lK'i'lnr "f f^'Mierii'", Will (Irt.ilii'r, iJ*?.'). ;i In Xiirwiiv i'xti'«iiriliiiiny i'ITi)rts have liwn niihl.' Inr ninny years niwli'v til,' Hii^iiici'" cif till' tlovcrnmi'nt tci aiil the fluhernien, n.il merely in llie iMn^tviieiiiin 111' liHtter a|i|mi'ntii'< for Inking tisli, lint iilau in ulitiiinin^r u kniiwleil({e nf tile linliils cif tin' HkIi, .if their fouil, of the seiu^nn liest lulaptnl til ertjilare them, withont injure to the tl.i4lierie«. of the relntinn one kind of Hsli lieais to iinother in n wnni, nf the .Smkm'k ok ruK I'lsiiKiiies. i.vruoiirci'c^iv sKincii. In tlie United States the suci'essive Heports of the United States Coininissioncr of Fish and Fisheries (Professor Spenecr F Haird ) eml)i ace the results of oljscrvations carried on for sev- eral years iinl » hic-h, rliat til.. Ii;irli..ur^ .mil pliuv... with Ih.. ./a ..<. wlii.'h (..■l..iii( Itiilhi'i'ini^l "f III!' W.in.l ..I' Ni.wf.iiiiKll.iM.I, .1.. n.it .■..iiliuup l.i li,. .)f tliu fliuU'o iiC llie I'nM pcis.iii wl invi.< nnr "f Hi.' lii>t ...fiiiiiiiil. 'I'iio ii.iiti.'iil.irs xli.ill In- lu.i.lf kii.iwn ii.v.ir.llnK t.i .i t.j|i..Kri|)liii' pliiii i.f tlin ('.i.i>.t< .if .N.'«f.iiiii.ll.inil, .is f.illo»~- - N.imi's iif lliirbiiiii'!.. ' NilliilHT mill ivuiU'Hi.f plii'i iii|insi'il in I'li-li MuliiMir, iiii'l niiiiiluT "f llitt.' iiix. Thf ii..ini'iu'liiluri-iif |ilarc.« Hill lii' ilhi.li. I in liir I'lillinviiij; m.iTni.M- in tin- -t ilili~lii"l s.>rii«. I'il-fit Serii'j*. 15 ItiittiMiH unil iiliovii Sui'iinil >:tTii's, In tn !."» Iltitlfiin.*. rxi'ln^^iM-ly. ■rilh'-I Series, It H.ltt.Mlt.* anil iiltnM'. K\iTj fivi- y.siirs llic ■■.lr„hiliiir~" "I thi-ililkivnl imrts ..f lYini'i', wh.i |.iM|inM. t.. -.•nil vi!-s,.|s I-, tliii Cm.1 riHliiiy n|iiin tlii' ,-o.iM i.f Npwf..nnil- |ilnil. sli.ill niuki' til tho ( 7'r/'./i- ..cmVc .V Ai tuaiiw ii.s, ISN tnn^ uml nviT 5't ini-n, lit Iriist. Sw'nllil S('fi<«. JIO 1 1.1 1,'iN, .■x.'lu..'ivi'ly, :i 1 luen. 'I hif.l Siiiii's iiiiilcr I'm t.in«, «'i> nnin nii'l '2f> if to iiw .i «'i..i' lliilli-lin.s will h|. |ir..ri.iri'.l, bi'iiriiii; tlu' iiilllH' .if thii vcssol .iii.l tlu' fii't 11" Ihi; llnllt'tin h ilfuwn, tlii' " limnlnu" 'I, .l/.n-lt, ii..li.-ut.'.l l.y tli.. Mnll.tin ,h. ...-.- ii plii.-i' intlii'SiTii''- I., wlii.'li tin- v.'^m'I l.il..na:s. ■rhf S,i-..n.l .mil Tiiiril Sfrii'S ufe pr.ii-w.l.^l will, in tiiosiini- ni.inniT .iii'l fiTin .ik th.' l-iist Si'iirs, iittiiwiiiiN |.i ilr.iw t..r v.'s»..U fisliiiii; ..ii the- Hiinki* fi.r pl.iri's to dry tish on tin' coast. Ivii'li .Iniiiilrur will .Mti-iTvo, iliirinjt livi' ycm.', tlii' iMij.iynu'nt of tin' ll.irlior un.l pl.n'.' wlii.'li sli.ill lu' iissij-ni'il t.'i tln'iu. No vessel ein tf.i tisliiii!,' upon the enis(^ of the Isliiiul of .Newf.niuill.in.l if there is not ..leliveveil to the .1 riiiiileiir ii ll«ll,h''\itf j"'rlie ./.o.,* /..* I'ltii-.i rtim,/m,tt:t lively . I, ■,;..!/.. !,■ Hh.'shiill i.,t. within the y.'iir. ./« Ilot'je •jniii-at .liapUtcea.temX his ve--,el, will l.ise his rights to the uiij.iyinent of tint plun-' lllJ'l I..' otli.TWts.' Mlhje.'t t." one. if the penitlties follow inK. 1000 Ir, for Ihi' «,iri,-f.< .if the 1st Series. ;i H'li tr. for the «.(rict'.i of the -n.l Series. :; iiHi fr. for the imrire/ of till' Itril S.'ri.'S. 1' 00 fr. f.ir the it.nit-fA, who oht.ilnetl v iM.'.-si..n wf u pi u n the .'.tiist f-.r .hyiiiir ti--li. The aimoi.le, .ir |..'lMlly, sliilll Ik' pliei.nmei'.l by the l7o/ ,le S, r,i,Y ,lr 1,1 .lAi.-i.'i •) SI S,;-i;[ii : when the pirties believe tlley ollixlll to cill for that (leeision, the atliir will be snlimitted to 111.' .'Xiiiniiiati-.n of three .ivl>ih-e*. il.'sisntitt'il by the .Anniitenrs in fienernl Assoinblo; if th.'ir dp.'i>ion is not coiiforniable to lh.it ..f the f'hrf ■In Smi.y, /.,■ .I/i,ii.v/« .'.• /.i Mci'inr will (l.'er I.'lii.itiv.'ly after having' tak.'li eoninniiii.'ition (lu ( I't^f 'III .SVji'((t ntiil nf .tdilirs. Kvery -Irm itnir, t ) whom shall be con.'('.le.l a phu'e, shall be hel.l t.i oe.Mipy tl..' (ir-t yetr ..f ^■. ■.../., by tlie >hip c.ni.'e.Ie.l to, .a- anoth.r ..f till' >anie .^.-ries at least, if th.' ship is s.'l»i, the pnreh.i.'.ers w ill bu lelil to the sune obHijiti.'ns, nn.i.-r the r.'sp..n'.iliility of Ihe vendor. Iitirin;^ the four y.'ars f.illowinj; that of tin* tii-'Ujv 'jinii''it^ there will be mado eaeh ye.ir .in the .'ith .hnniary, im lii-ti^i- juti-liil of vacant pliu'e in t he manner prescribed for the linvfr ijt'nfv.d. The oiliest fapliiin .shall perf.irm the fiiiietions i.f I'i'ii'nmniiiif in all tin- h irb Mirs. mil in all tiie /VtiV* cnmn'inf^ ; but the C'.ipt lin ,tii Intirf «i'.-.s .shall have always pri.irity over tlie Miiilfi iv V>tlnilit,ie . The I'Mjitiin J^riiriimiiiiti; is sp.'t'ially eliar:je.I to miintain dis.-ipline, poii.-.-, ami i;..'id ord-r. in tile h irli uirs. ititl Ihe //.(/(•"* c'li/o/ooirv, i.» assure t'l eaeh t'liptiin the enjoyment of the hiirbour. tlie./eiic or anebora^e, .md roii.Is; t.i re.-.'ive the .'oinplaints .if i'.i/ililiiin:^ I'trlu'ti r.i . iiu.l IfcO ile.'i.le wh.'newr he is e.impete'tt t.i jndijri' of tliein. iifcr liavip); e.v.iiiiiiied the facts, and ae.[uir(tl proof as fat us p.i.ssilile. lb' ]ir.'si.ii's at all iii'-etiiii;s ..f l apt lins whi.'h may t ik" phie.' in tiie harbours iin.ler the liaies e-imumnes, and toynin.lti»s i^ /'i-kW/'iz/i./i.' 9rl''f>i, an. I without eliari;.' the contests that miy arise bctwei'n ilie t'aptriins; he c.mn -t ex u-t any rutributi-m nor emohmieut of the t'.ipit lines ^eclieiires; he will weitrli minutely the il.'.-isi..ns tlait b.' makes, and st.it.' the pr.iof of the facts, /i,:e ,lti /irti.rt ('r.'''.i'/.c, .if all t'le eoutravcnli ins llf t lie dei'rec eomtiiilte.l, p.".i.iin<; the .hir.ition of the tishery. anil pistl these /iro.'.'* rir/'.n'-r, iin.l cause them to bo sij^iied by tho ottieers, iiiul the •Bir/.c ./'fyioyi././p, and on bis r.'lurn he sh.ill transmit the Sid.l /'.•»i.'«'.< in-l'itii.c an.l the .lecisiins to the C»o»o.i/.,*.i(,'e ./. rimrrifiti'in m tritim,', in th.' port from wheu.'e he p.irted : bi'si.les he shall sun. I to the sai.l Coniuiissaire a il.tiil.il report upon th.' n.iviituion, an I up mall th.it m ly ■ .'.'ru ilie iinproveinent of the Hslieiy. If the Captain l;-n.rli„,.,i,i' is iiiniself interesti-d, ..r if he is abs.'iil, tin' alTair shall lie lir..ni;lit aiel sulimitlcd l-i th.' jiel-mcnl of th.' /'/■.(./■• koi'iftii- of the nei^hlioiiriiig port. riie Captain /'.'•''''//hi/oio- is lioiind to seud to the Cio/ii/oni'/'iii/ ./r.. /.(i^'.iic.i/ .^- Ai Sltti^n'i when th.-y inal.e inspe-cti.in of harb.iurs, speeifyim; tile st It., an. I e liti.ui of each place in particular ; if it is or not oi'ciipil'il as the rule pre.-.'ri bi'S, ami if all thinirs there are lei-ally oli.served. .Ml crimes or ontraij.'s, ,'oiitrary to .lis.'ipline, all I'ontravrutions t'» cxtablislied rules iu that wliicli concerns the rofime of tlu; Fishery, .ind ♦he mode of ..cciipation ..f |ila. 'cs will li.' by him denoun.'.'.l t.i tho Vimni'iiihtnl ile< i'iV.< Miuunh, wlio.se mis.si.in is t i repress tlil'in and to iiiaiu- JHinins,', everywhere, ftoo.l order and the oliservaiu'e of tlii' deeroe. If oni' coinniits a crime, whi.'h in l-'r.iiice is un.ler the juri.sdicti.m des trihnii'iux the t'.iptiin linid'homuio fultils tlie fimcti.ms .if /w./i/i' nsilile. .No Ca|itain cau e.stalilish his .V.ii-/',-.- t.i lisli or dry it in a liarl -, other than that which shall have been assigned by /■iil/ilin ,lr ,iii.e ..iVicers dcii.ui.l of them upon the w-orkiiii. of the Fishery, upon Ih.' p-ili.-,- ..hs.-rv.-d by lish..rnieii, u|i-in th.- unnibcr .m.l st,,te ..f their a.u-o-,.., their btttteaiix and their f./io'/xi./i-.*. All \avii-i-s (l.'siine.l f..r the C.id Fishery, whose equipage shall be forty men or inore, .shall have on b.iai-il a surgeon. It is formally int.-r- dii't.'.| t.i einb.irk spiritu.ius liiiuors a Imril i/m Iwtimeul.'. The administrati.in ./e la m.ri'in.- will concert with those .'r.< ihiiuiniie the measures t.i |ilke for previMiting tiie embarkation of spiritu.ius liijuor .\ penalty of live hundred fran.-s will h,. incurred by all ./i-m.i^ ;.,-.,- wli.i shall m.ik. sile of spiiit-.i.ins li.pe.rs f.ir tli.'ir own accinnt l.. the Irjuij,,,./,! .1, ... < /i.ii-o-,,«. The ri'veiiue of the penalties ..r ,i„(. „,/,-. .shall be put in the cln-st ..f th.' //i.-a/-'. .- ,i, /,, I/,,,-,,,,-." " The above list sliow-d that there are:-- 51 Harbours. ^ -I^ti Places assiifiu'.l for F'ishery. 1112 Places which ai-e occupied. lll| Vessels. 8»;i natte.mx. . 178 Cii.1 Seines. 5017 Men," # i ClIAI'IKIi I. (ONTKNTS lOrr iiii"iii< I'liiriiiMiT .il |j i|piihir vii'w-* nf llsh lifi'. l-'l; IiiIIiiimk I llii' liiliil.tiniin ill iliwtnijint,' 'li'' ■'I'l' ll-lii'i'ii"<. ^■. liilliu'iiro nf lln- lenishilin' ]iii\v('ri (if II (' iiiiUi'V nil llid Ki'ii (liliiM'ii'H. 4 ; liu|iiirtiinitH nf .jciciilill.' iiif> r- umlifiii. (i-7 : Iniii irliincc nf ii kii iwli><|^f nf tlio physics nf (he vi'n, !M<*: Ciilil wiiliT wi»~ III' llii< riiiuiil Sillies iiiiil lliitisli Aiiicrii'ii, Ii; liii|i irlnni'i' ■ if ciiiiHl IJMHs. li-l.'li Till' iliMiTiisti nf llsh ill Ihi' I'liiti'il Sliilcs wiili'is, 14: Til.' Illiii' l''i-h. I;i-I4; TliM Krcih Kisli Irii'li' nf llii. I'liilMil Sliil.-s. I(l-lil; Till' rciimiiis fur llir ilwliiii' nf tlii' I'liilcil Stiiii's llsh.Mii's. ai ; liiilisli Aiiiit- iniii wutt'i'H. ai ; I'rnli'ss ir IliiirilV " I'liiiciiih's." :!'i; (!niii'liisiiiiis II iwiim fiiiiii II I'lrnyniiimi iif tliiisn |iiii;ii)i|is, 'j;! ; .\i'(i'^>ily I'ni' ii ilihiili'il I'xaiiii- lllltinli illln llli> llilllils nf iMir lininnicnllll li"lli's, 'Jl-ai; Di'ilui'linlis Willi ii'lVri'iu'r t I Ilk' iiiip iitniicn nf liiitisli Aiiii'rii'iiii Seas, iis llin uii'it stmi'- liniiM' nf llsh, anil till' cliii'f iiiaiiisliiy nf iIik lishinj,' imliislry in Aiin'riraii wtiU'iH l*rnf('ssn!* ((, (). Sal's' vimvs with iv^iaril In iln' Npauniii^ "f Ihi- r h] lhriiii;;liiiiil till' wiinli' I'Nii'iil nf llit NoiHi'Hiai) r"H>t liiii'. '-'4. 1. I lie i)riii(i|)li's wliirli niiiili' llii' opi'intldiis of Kislicr- inoii ill (■iiinliictiiin- ilic Dccp-Sc:! Fishcrirs, |)nss('ss fjioiit siiiiil- nrity in cvciy roiiutl'V mill on every sea. 'I'lie views so iini- vpisally lit'lil, anil siipposiil to lie llie lesiiil of eeiitiii'ics of e\perieiiee, lelaio, lor tiic iiiiist put, to tlu- inlj^raticm of lislies, llieir modes of spawniny:. llieir food, tiieir lialiits of life, and fi^eneraliy, to llie eaiis(!s which have K'd to llieir inei'case or de- ereaso They profess to enilii'ace, too, and, in soniR iiistanees, In explain, tlie llucliialinns wiiieji are iiisepanihle from tlio pnrs'.iit of extremely active and liahitnally waiiderinj? creatures, whose movement-, during' the ijrealer ])arf of the year are wholly or in part hidden from our eves, and are at the hest eonjeeliiral. 2. It is only within ihe last ten or twelve vears lliat many of these views and the priniiples to whirh they have led, have heeii pioved to he erroneous, and, in some <'aseM, op- posed to actual tact. Ihit ifiiideil, in many instances, by mvtlis handed down from father to son throiii^h maiiv n;eneratioiis, disastrous enterprises have heen very fre(|uentlv miderfaken, a useless and injurious leiflslation snccessfnllv invoUed. enor- mous interests j:'opardi/.pil or sacriKced, "■' and treaty con- cessions made, ])rodiiclive of unexpected anil disastrous lesiilts. 3. The supposed min;ralions of the ("ml, the Ilerriiii;, and the Mackerel, the three leading commercial Hshes in our seas, are all hased upon an incorrect interpretation of observed fads, and have ol'len injuriously operated upon the fishing industries in dill rent jiirts of ilie world. Hut most of all have those great natural influences, exemplified h\ meteorological effects and their relation fu lish life, heen lost sight of or imiored, anil what is a purely natural result, has heen lashly allrilmled to apparent dislurhing causes, of whiih man is supposed to he ihe originator. The French terms, •• (,'oureiirs dii (iolfe," " Dcfil- ours," and the operation involved in the term " defiler le I. Pnr nil I'liiimi'ialinn nf ih,. evils wliich Imvii rosiiltu.l fi- nii ill-roM- siileieil le>;ishitinii. Iirniiuhl iilmiit liy iniiniinit elaiiiniir, see the varimis He- ports on tlie .Sea Fi. heiies nf '.he I'niteil Kinnihnii iiiiil the I!e|inrts nf Ihi' U. S. C unniissiuiiev nf I'Msli and Kisheiies. ( idltc," ' ' arc illiistrntii)ii< »\ tcniis wliicli Imvc IimI to iniscoii- < i'|iti()iiH, iiiiHiiif; iVoin iiicoriiit iiilcipii'l.iliniis ol llic sii|)|h)M'i1 iii(ivciiiiMil> ol lisli. Ill llicii ('N'CMili"! ,i|i|ilii Mlioii llicy liavc liccu llic ciiiM' of iiimli l(i>s (i| hiliDi iiiiil r.ipiliil, iiKim'niit xii'HsdC till' si. Ill' III the Fisliri ii •<, :illii, ill Miliir ilistuiiccs, of .iii^i" iiilci imtioiiiil (li»i'iis>ioiis iiiiil iiii|iolriit ioiiilii>ioiis, I 1, On llic ollii'i luiiiil, tilt' l.iiiilsiiiiiii, iiiijiim'il ill piirsiiirs i'.ir K'llliivcil I'loiii till' mmIio 11(1, 's llirli ;i|i|i,iiriillv could ll.ivi' no |i(i-silili' rclaliim to tin' li>liriit'M in coiistal hiiIcin. Iiiis lircii I iiiio!)liii;iii. *-'■' Wlii'ic tlio iiilrrcsts of tlic laiiilsiiiaii, wliosp iii- ili'prnili'iil iinlnsiiii". have 'liiis ili'slioycil llic coastal sea iislicr- ic.s, arc so liuiiinl up with the I'ainiKcatioiis of jj real m ninfactiir- iiiu' and lunilicriiii; inlcicsts that any sudden ih in^c in tlii'sc is Icll oMr wide areas and lhiiiiii;lioiit populous coiniiintiitics, icstoiation liccoiiies cxcccdiiii;l\ cvjiciisivc, tai(l\, and, in sonic instaii'i's. iniprai'lic.ihh', as on inany puis ol the \cu Kiii;- land coasts, foriiicrly cclohnitcd for the extent ol ihclr cod lislierii s and the dilfcreilt industries to wlii.li that piiisiit ijave rise. Ifiit in ihinlv scitli'd and, to a laii^c cMciit, ro. ky .mil liirrcn CDiiiiliics on the si'.i .'ii.isl. siicii as laii;e poitions ol the .M.irilinie I'roviiices of the Doniinioii. the North Shore ol ihc (jiill, New fiinndl mil and llie l.ihiailoi , w here ihc iiiuiihcr of p'.'rsons iiihaliiliiii,' the coiiiiliv docs not exceed (14 |iir s:|iiaic mile, and hIicii' the inl.ind indiisliics have not, cmii in I lie most settled portions, acipiired either ijreat dcvt'lopinciit or powcrliil politic. d control, the evils which may tiiere have iii- .sidioiisU ciep' into c.xisteiici', can he easily .iiid speedily remi-- died, ,111(1 the orii^iii.il relation hef.veeu in, nine ind livei lile not only rc-i's|,ililish('il, hnl v.istiv iiiiproveil. Hilt ihroii^dioiil the wcillhv .illd p'lillc.illv p'.inerfiil New |-^ni;l.m(l scalio.ird, where liie popiil.iti m is !(!(.()li lo the si|ii,ire mile and the country setthd. as il were, to the se.i m.irgiii, '■'■' the repair and |■l^•.toratioll ol s.nnc ol the coast lishi.'ries, lor- inerlv so ahiindinl and liii'r itlve. is leov i/kiiow'lc'l^ed to he in .1 ini'.is ire lic\oiid relief I'hi^ is the refill of oppusiiii; inland interests, conlroiilint; i (•mlraelt'd and iiisKlJicit nt sm iiii'ii, siiit.ihlc for repioduction, eipial lo the dein.inds ol ,in exe('ssi\(' and '•onst.mtly incicisini; pop'daiioii. "' In Dom- inion waters the process ol restoration has aliea(l> loinmeiiced. under the fo-teiinj; care of llie Cclilral ( ioveriinienl, who control ihc SCI .md iiil iiid lisherics of e.ii h l'io\ince, and the result ol' their work i- .ilie.idy seen in the ic peopliii'^ of III in\ idast.il w.ileis willi the find of the deep sea lisli. U'licie.is, 111 the I'liited States, ihc central p' wci. liowe\cr f ^|■-^e('illl,^ williim' .Illd lihcrd, is limited in its action liv the authority of iiidi\idii,il St,,tes, who cmitrol their own iiiliml wall Is. ( 'onciirriMil action, liilhlnIK winked oiil, miijlil piod ICC consid 'lable resiKis, hu; it is jii^t the :'iV- I. I'll .|i' ell' TiMT.-XiMiu'. Apii. iii. •_' .-;•■. It..;i Ml .if ih" r. -!. t; mi ni* ii.j.'.'i. Vol. II.. i.'*7'i-:;t. I', xii. .■I. Sfi' Ai'iicailix t. lliis ell iiai'r. .S. ■t. Till'' S-ii l''i-hi'ri('..'- ii'fiT II a .1 .|a-lr.v "f III" 1) iiiiiii.iii mill Ni'»r.iiiii .|..,-liiii' ..|' olli.'i li
  • li iia I l''i-!iii'i '- oil llii' Illy 1 jilliili 1 llial 1. lIlK nil. It 'S| i|ili' Ki-liiiik' lu- Coil Ki-lii'iV. lilt 1.1 llio •liiirc •I.T mil 1 II .1 li'lUl-l'llll-il ill I) - 1' ■• It. ■lii.rt .1 r till' r. S. Ciiiiiiiiissii uev ir nil I'liiiiiii ■nili HI I.I llii'si' tisli, mill • I .111 us 111 ilcriM-' f (■ il-lislii'i'ii's (•Diiciiiicnt iiclioii liclwi'cii Ki'iIi'imI .111(1 Stiitc (iovi'l'limciifs ivliirli il i< so ilidiciilt to iliiinnMr.ilc Mini ciiiitrol. llciicc it is, lliiit ill any ciKliMvor to (onii iiti cstiiiintc ol llir cviU wliicli liiivc lici'ii pcriiiittrd to iiiciiic to llio UccpSca Fisli- r-iicH li\ wliiillv iiiili|M'iir'i'iit opfiiitions on ilic liiiil, «c iiiMst ciiicruliy (lisfinijiiiyii luivvccii tliosi- wiiiili me suHcoptiliic ot (ii- iiiitiiilion or ic-iiiovnl, ami lliosr (vliicli aic so deeply eiigraltrd into llic poiiti 'al Of coninn'rciai nystfin, tlnit romediiil tneasnics are dilJiiiilt and. in soine insiances. iinpi.Mticable, and the lisli- eiiei. iiH'iTted, liopelessK niiiitd lor i iiiiiiiieK iai purposes. On the (iliier hand, il is iniiiinlieiit npmi ns to as-ij?n il.s lull hear- iii^ and value to lliit piditical status which jieiinits, not only of the lestoiation (d' depleted loast.d waters to their original wealth of llsh lite, liiit lia^ within il> ^i'''!' ''"' l>""<'i' '" iii'ifus'', l<> mi iiidelinite extent, the productive and lile-Mistainilif? capahilities ol the se.is under iis control Apart, te<\«r.ii)liir.d, .is well .is its oroj;rapliical t'e.ilnres, iiiiist lie t.iUeii into coiisiderilion. A serrated or indented coast line, vviili niiinerons h.iys anil indents, islands and liailiois, is j essential to vigorous and aliiind.iiit lisli lil'e and tishini; industry. An iinliioken stielch of coast, withont iinlenis or \n\-, is iiii- s.iited to the perpetuation, if oilie iinp.iired, ol its orijjinal sloik of fishes. Fish trv or einliryos liviin; ne.ir the siniace ol the sra. find th" eh iifcs rei|iiisile for ihe attaininciit of mil tioilv to !■<■ less JM (he open o;'i an than williin (he limits of pio- tectinj; lia\ s, I'eriiianenl and successful sedentarv ('oast l'"ish- eiies are ni'iiilv alwavs sidnted williin the hoiilersof headlands, where ihev arc secure iV.iiii the iinconlrolled sueep of the ocean waves. lint a y:l.iiici. at aiiv map of the IJnitod Sla'es and Urilish .\meri:M shows at oiici' a disproportion in s^eoifraphical oiilline. 'I'lic curves of the Co.isi of the United States, for lolli; stietches south of M..iiic, are iinlirokeii ami nniforin ■ IDIi.) In the Urilish I'lminrcs the coasi line is in i;enei il a si.rr,ited edi;e with profound liavsand inlets, stretcliim; inland for miles, all (d tliein altordiii!,' those protcctiiiir niiiscries for yoiiin; tlsli life which are esseiilial to the maiiiteii.iiice of tic s.ircies in iiunihcrs ('(in.d to the yearly increasint; attacks upon ihein, whether di- rectly, as a C(>mniercial product, or imlirectlv as food for those uhi. h form ihe olijcct of man's piirsiiil The iiiipoi lance ol jfeugr.iphic.d outline (d' coast in an oppusilit direction is stiikiii;,'- Iv illustrated hy the eoiulilioii cd' the ."shell-Fish I'^isliciies on the I'iii;lish coast. Where Nature protects these tisheries hy exposure to storms, the fisherv is still a< produelive as ever ; wheic the lisheiy is prosecuted in slicllcred liavs, di'cline is the prevailiiii,' oiitiry Mr. I''raiik liucklamrs recent repoits on the •• t'rali and Lolistcr Fisheries cd' Fiiiijland and Wales" ' ' states that '• where tlir> i^ronnd is small and slicleicd, the fisherv is (lecayini; ; when it is ex])Osed to the se.i. as at the l,i/^;iid and the Land's End, or at some distance from the shore, as at (ior- ran. near IMovauissey, there is no (dear jjioof of atiy decrease whatever, '['he whole of the ('ornish evidence mav, in fact, he sunimed up in the sente vr that the lisher es in havs require ])rotecti()n, luil that the larf^e fisheries off headlands or in the deep water need no ])rolectii)n from the T.ci^islatnre " ( l'at;e \\.\ This deeisi(m, it must he reiuemhered, refers to the Ciiih and r.ohster l'"isheiies oidy, hut these arc of vast moment to the Dec]) Sea Fisheries, (xxiii.) 5. Ill nearly all lei,dslation hitherto, ndatius,^ to the Deep See Fisheries, the views entertained with reirai'd to the habits I. !,eil(l.ill, IS77. •>r lil'r, and p.iiticiilirly tln' inaiini'i' and (imc of I lie ^|>Hwnirif( id vaiiou!) N|i('( icn III' dL'f|i sea tiiihi \\A\v li'd to t'liiiinuiiiN cx- |)uii(litiirti iiiul (litiiHlroiiti t>na(:tnit>iit>i. If ilic dimMivericH of l)r (i () Surs ill |M().t-.'i liad liccii kmiwii in llio " (.'oinniiltcr ap- |)uiiili'd to (fhiiuirc iiilo llii* Sea rislii'iioi of llu: t'liili'il Kiii^- dum" ill XSi't'd, wliuM) woi'l\ wn!, iiiiiliiiiii'd for tliici' yrais, llic f{iiiH!rr pari of tlii'ir piolnn^cd laliur and ol tlirir voliiiniiuiiiH icpnil, uoiild Imxc lit'cn rcgaiiUd as iiM'IrNn licfuif iokiicd fi'out till' pirsH. (i. in likr inaniicr rpitain I'ffoit!! wldcli an- Htalcd to liavp lieoii made during llii- iHxociatiiiiiH ((inncrtni wilii llii* l''i»licry ilausfs of the Ticaty i)t \Va>liiiif,'loii, In pnivi'tlial llii' niarkricl in a tisli hclon^inK cxi iiisividy lo I iiili'd Slatn> wuIoih, and only wander occasionally into liiiiisdi Ainericun SeaK, would have Ih'( 11 rally set at lest, if it liad liri'ii llirn kiiiiun wliit Sarn klii'U ill ISI)*), alioiit till' spavMiiiii; liuliil> of lli:it li>li. 7. So also with ri'nanl lo lln' lii'iiiiii; aiid iis wiulrr liniiir, I he III iiiiiiM in uliicli it M'i'k>, and tlit' pi iii'^ wlii'ii' il tiiiils iti* food, llii- dilli'M'iil pi'i'ioiU at wliicli it !-pawn-<, tlir ilrplli of wa- ter il seleils to areoinplisli llie spawiiin:; pmiis-,, and it* ireniial iidatiiPii lo other deep sen food fishes, are all sulijects wliirh, if they hid heen properly underslood al the heyiniiiii^' ol tlic present Ki'linriitinn, would have led to the avoid. iiiie of niiirli litigation. niin\ vcxatiniis regnlalinns and eiiMctiMenis, and wide spread inronvenieni c and siilt'erini; 8 Hut apart from all these illiislralions of iina^inaiy priii- riples, and liie iipreariiii; upon tlieiii of lallarioiis ai^iiinents, there aie those iiev> priiiriples, hereallei leferreil to at ieiif^lh, wliii h iiave so joiijj esrapcd oliservatioii, lint «liieh ajipcar to iinhody the lies! expositinn of onr know led:,'c' of ihe shIiJim I ,il till' present lime. The-e i,'o fir to siilnci I po|iiil ii idris ic>pc(t- iiil; tisli lile and its presei v.itioii in iisel'iil aliiiiid.iiirc. liiit iliey lend to prove ihil the cold water sea a:ea on the cdasts of the I'liitrd Slates is iitteiiy iiiMilIicielit to lisi^l the dr.iiii lii.ide upon il. '.) It is not the ie.i't lem.ii kalile fc.itiiie in the eiidh'ss diseiissions whirh h.ne.iiisi'ii on tlie siilijci t of liie lisheries during the pasi h.ill iiniiny, lli.ii until within ilie List de- cade, I'M hisiM' atleiilion lia^ liii'ii ili'V(i!i'il to ihe livin;; inlialii- t.int ol the sea, withoiil lefen-iice lo ihe plivsies ol the .sea it- -rjl 'I his (Mil onlv he pai.ilieleil liv an altenipt to discuss c\haiistivelv, the theoiv of the le-piialioii ol l.iiid animals, willi'inl rclci liii^ to the physical .mil iheinical coiistitiitiiin ol' I he alniiisphere tliev lireathe. ( Ir, it may lie likened to an at- lenipl to < oiiipri'liciiil the piimiplcs ol inodcin a^jriciilliire, witlioiil reliience lo Ihe ciieinical coinposilioii .ind plivsii .il propeities of the soil. — "o diMinaiic and rotition of cidps HI. It is Iriir thai i'\i>lini; infoniialion respcctiinj the rela- lioiis of marine life to temper ii ore, looil. and dilferenl /ones of depth in the sc,i, is still verv iinpi'i let. vet wli.il is known, not only outlines the direction wliich must hu t.d«en in all cii- iiniries into ihe Deep .Se.i Fisheries, lint il salislactorilv dis- piovcs iiiinli ill it li.is hilhert'i heen the liisis ol aiy:Mmciil and of action on this comprehensive snUjecl. II. Ihe liroad relation ol our cominerci.d (ofid fishes — the I 'oil, the ilerrin;^ and the Mackerel— to the tiiiipiiatiiie of the mediii'ii in which they live, is clear and heyond dispute. '" (,'old water suiib are necunsarv to their existence in iiiimhers sulfi- I In till' i'(';i Mt "f tin; I'liiluil .sinti's (!iiiniiii.s«iiiiiir "f Kisji miil Kislu'iii-s r I I"i7l-'J. llii' t' II .wia;; H.I (jiapl.i.'.il liiinls ,i| i!ii.>.. li-li nrr m\i'ii in ii .1 'i cii'Ilt til lirrciMH- uliifct- nf I'liiiiliK'ii'iill ilii|Hirliilin , U ill In Wlltrl' MrllN. ■.Ilcll Ms llli- lllllt' Slli'lllll, lllv ulhilly IIIHuili'il til tlii'il' Imliits mill iiiiii'iiM Nn mii' wmilil i\|i(ct cv.'i- to hit tlir Arrlic Imrr siiiMiM-tiillv iiciliiiiiitiil in tin' |iiiiii|iii» of Smith AllM'lini. iir till' ;;iiiri I'll! tlii|iir liilil sWiT|illlt' tlirmiuli llir I'riyiil lit spliiTi- nf till' .Nnilli Atliiiitir, W'l' liiivr llinvtiiiv, II WrII ilflilli'il ;,'l'linni|illirnl i|lli'4|iiill til llll'.Wrl lit till Mllt^rt, liiinu'lv, till' liimiiilai irs iiiiil nica I'nr tiic t'l't'iliiiK ifiiiiiiiili iiikI Inline iil' mil' i niiiiiinri.il ilc('|) sim lislii'H, ii qilfttiiiii hIiIiIi liiini{t ii^ at nnic tu tin' ^t'li^i-apliiial liiiiitH ot' till' (iiiir Stri'aiii, nil till' ciiiisl-* (it' Niiitli Aiiii'iiiM, ami the iiicii oriii;ii('il li\ tlic [.ilii.idiir (/'uncut, wliii li lies lieturcii it anil lliP coiiKt liiii'. III iillur WDiils, \vi' i'i'i|iliri' tn kii'nv ijir ii'liilivr iiica anil i !i irartcr nl tin- j,'i''iit IfciliiiK urmiinls nt' mir rmniiirr- cial M'li HkIk'k Niilitrliding the coaslH nl the I iiiti'il Stales ami nt the Hriti>li Anierii'iin I'loviiiies Ciiiliiineil ami siiriiiisinn pro- (liiiliveness, «illiiii lert liii limits, wlinc alinnst eveiy s(|iiaie mile has heeii .iiimiillv lisliiil I'lir iimie than Iwii ceiitiii ies, «itli iKil iinlavinahle lesiills ilminjj a:i averatje iit M'ais. is le- luesciited liv s.iiiie nl the lishinif ijiiminls in the Sfiaits ol' Helle Isle. \\ heie an iie-i nlil <' in rent is not mily iiiaini liiieil all the year iDiliiil, lint wlieie ii e is to he met with in almiiil.im e near at hand diiiini,' every immlll nt' the year. I;,'. Aeiiiiilini,' til the ( 'hait> pnlilished hy the rulled Stales (.'(last Survey, the aiea of cnastal waters north ol'(,'ape llat- teias, within the hnmlied fathom line of soundiiiLfs, dues not exceed 4"',() (III rent pint tin- Miiti»li Aiiicriraii coawt line, t innst utiikin;,' dispri)|i'iiiimi Till' l('n);lli id iMiist line in ihi I'liiiril Sfntcs iimtli nl Cipi' llatttnas ia .ilioiit lOTll ^(■lll;raplli^al niilr> I lii' Ii'Iil;iIi iiI llii' Hrilisli Ainciir.m (,'.).ist linr is — Mllrv Of \i'«roiimlland :.'()00 ^^' l.iiliiail '1- as f.ir as \,iin. not inrlndiiiK the dfi'p iiidi'iits Ml I'miU ■ ;UiO New lii iiiisuii k .')4/} Nova Siotia 1170 Qili'liiT I Kit • Ti.ial Oli.Jil Tlif ffu'alcr piiiiioii iif tlii". 1 o.isi line i-. mi ky, iiancn, and in- Ciipaldc i>l siiilriiiiiil Tlii'ii', tlir sii liiinis a thinly scltlril iliul lo a ific.it cvti'iit, a dcii'it cdhiiiiv, lint as a nciCssary si'ijiicnic to this, the natiiial wt'alih nf llir set is picsiMVcd tnaii iliniiiiiiiinn. ilic livns, Inr ilir iiin^i p.ri. limn iiii|i.i^silil(. dams, iind llir --Iiiik' lishfiics mi- laiidy sulijuri to specdv di'iiuii' tioin riit;iiii's 1)1 dcstrtii'iimi, siirji ,is li ivi>, jiiiiily with tin' lll'ir tisli, injured the Sea H-.liern's i>t the I'liiieil "states. 'I'liis cnminoiis ieiiLf'h m' rmsi lini' liordi'i inL( Urili^li Ameiii.iti wileis rmilrmits in .i fjiial iniMsiiie llir sp,i»iiiii^r Xriiiiiiils i:rilie heiiiii!;. tli" niarkiMid, In a ccil.iin exteiil ol tin- cod, and to ,iii iiimirii>e extent those id smaller lish whirli serve a« fish food No ilmilit eaili ol the ■•peiie- ul fish I'mve eniinieiMli'il spawns ;iU() in deep u.iter and in the open sea, in smne eases remote from land, hnl iiH>;e siIiodIs spawn in known localities ill the viiiniry of the loa^l, and it i> this fe.itiiie uhirli iliaws to the coastal tt'aieis tlir schools id cod in pnisnii of their natural fond. i'liere are two, as will he hereafter eniimei.ited, other species of ti^-h siieli as the Captdin, ' ' which lialiitnaliy .ipproach the coast to spiiwn, in the cold waters of Urili^li .\ rican se.is. but which are iiol lonnil in the oaslal walcis uf ilie rnileil St,iles. There are no other li->h know n which approach the shores in siK'li infinile niiin'icrs as ihe Cinelin. in the i.lini)',r ice-cold w.tters ol Miiti-li N'mili .\inerica, (ireenlanil. and the \mthern Coasts of .S'oiH.iy in Kiinipe ; and these inniimirahie host> are ffeneially followed, tliioii;,'h smiietinies preceded, hy si honU of (,'od, which find in lliein their natural loud dnrinif the early »uin- inei months, ,ind proliahly prey on thmn during; the winter months in the deep waters nearest lo the coa-t line. '-' ' ■See ,\|i[ii>iii|i\ III tins rliaiitfr. .Ni. I. I. .Uiil/oiit I'illnfin t'.i|ii'liii. i'.ijiir li-Kiiiin ti .N'"V,i SiMtii. Tin- nl ai' Hill. Kn|hiil nl r. .s. Ciiiiiiiis-iiiii iif Fish anil Kislii's. IS'l-'J. p«((e Kill, ■-'. Til.' I''.iiinark " I. nlil.'." ur Caii.'liii Cnl l''islii'i'.v. f i i',J II. Till- riil(lMi">> ol llii'T iKiitliriil "iilt'it Milt cilily ii(l,i|)lt tlii'iii iM lie ii'c|iiiir'iiii'tiu 111 mil' iiiiiininriiil t\*\\v* ill ri'Kxi'il to lircpiliiiK ^niiiiiil>, anil nii iiirxliuuNliilili' supply lit' t'lmil, lint if M'CiiH'H till-Ill Inilii tlir lii'-ti mtivr liivii^rn III' I't-i'tiliti piril.iriiiilH Hi>lli-i4, wliicli nrrnnliiiu In llif li'Kliiiioiiy (it till- I'iiIiimI Siiiii'* ( 'iiiiiiiiiiitiiiiii'i III I'l^li mill Kinliriii'i., IlilM' llllKI'ly .lliintrll ill llixtllisill^ IIk' liMliI ti'lli '• ill till' iii.iHtal Wiili'ii. Ill' till- I'liiti'il Sl.iti'M. '•Till' lii'iit-a-i' nl llu'i linli may In' riiiiniilcrni a-< diii' In llir i niiiliiiii'il ai'linii iil' llii' li>li-p{i' prri riitiim' III I lir >paw iiiiii; li>li iiirnii- liny have ili<|iii«itril llicii )'){};■<, iiliil till- lalti'l iiiliiiliii'liililr iiiinilii'io nl' yoiiiiif tiili, alter lliey In vt- pas'"!'!! tin- imliiialy pmiU nt' ini- inatuiity " '' ' Ai ronliiiK (•> llif kiiiih' (li'lat('K) ciii-U," " ' It i". .1 uaiiii watci, u ainli'iin^; li'ol till' I iiilril Sl,lll•^only H lii'ii liny nil' «aiiiii'il Ky ilir Killi'* iiink ill till' I'lih Miiniin r .V« tlir wiiiiri appnuirliis llii'V ii'tiiiii to till' '*iiiitli III tlii> ii-prri llicy liilFrr liinii tin' Coil, tin llrriiin;ain! llir Markiirl, wliiili lisli, iiiiitiiiiv to popular anil loiii; pnvailiiiii \ir»!<, liavr llii'ii uiiiti-r lioini'^ lliririi;lioiil ltlili>li Allii'iiraii Si'aH, iik wi'll a> on tlir ciia>l ol tlir iioitln ill I'nill'il Still's lis inllnpllic mi lln' Marki'irl SilinnU aliiili l'n'i|iit'iit I'nill'il Stairs v\alei> tailliiT lo llii' soiitli lliaii liilici tlii' t'liil or llir I li iriny. run mil IitI I»' vi'iv ilt'li innnlal. siiHi' yoniiLf Mai krrri air liininl in llic - Mri'« of tliis niost ilcsii iictiM' lUli ; anil iiriii^ laiurU ,i Miul.r ilrr, its lavairrs art' iiiosllv iliii'rti'il a'J.iiii>l ollii'l MirCiicl' I' -. in tin' ilirp m'.i a> Hi'll as in sliallott vvati'i, on wliirli it pi. Ilic Si-a Iii'iiiii4;, i (,'/ii/>i'ii //iiieiit/ii^ I alllimmli a sin lai <• lurilrr. is not iiu linlnl in llie list of lislii's ili'stroyril liy tin' Blnr-tisli. bpcansc ils lialiilat iliii's not I'Minnl In-low ('apn Coil, nor does llie Ulin'-tis|i n.,,rli to u lii'ii' llir llitrini; is most iiliniKlallf. ■'' Mr. ( 'iiinnii^sioni'i' Hiiiril ill liis rxlianstivi' Krpoit on llir Uliii'-tisli ( piiji' \i-\'^) esliinalrs that llii' niiiiilifr of jiliic li-li on tin' coasts ,)f tlie I'liitt'il Stalos iliiiini; ihr yi'ai- 1H7I-;.'. at alioiit iinr lluiiisanil iiiillioii... ami till' nninlii'r ol poiiiiils \\i'it;lit of lislitlit'\ ('onsiim- I'll ilnriii'^ Mil ayi'ra;,'o stay of \M iliys am 'nnti'il daily in :.',.'j(l(),- IIIIO, 11(1(1, or I'lpi.il III llii'i'c hiinilred tliutisai d million piiiiiiils for till' season, I |i,iiii' :,'l'i). Till' Coniiniss'ioni'r well states that in whilever liylii we may view tlie estimates iiiiidc of tin- ilrsliii,'- tivi- rav.ims ol the Ulne lisli, " llinc still leniains an app.'lliii;; iiggreg.ite of desli nrtion." l'"i. I lie lilne b'isli is not kuiiwii witliin ilie limits ol British Aineriean waters. Happily its ap|iearaiire on ihe eoast of tiic I'niied Slates in iiiimlieis so jjieat and deslinelive, is a ealaiiiity wliii li appears to nei ur periodically oiilv, and continiies for a limited immlici of ye.irs ; hnt llie hare fic! that the , oaslal Fisheries ol ihr riiited Stales are sidijeet to the perioriieal in- eiirsiiin ol a pnwciliil and desiniitive enemy of the fond li-lii't, like the nine Fish, wlii'h literally swei'ps the coastal waters iliir- inj; the time of its invasion, vastly diminishes the value of those coastal waters for the deep .sea fisheries which lie at the hase of commercial enterprise. 'I'he IMno Fish in [Inited States waters is u substitnte for these commercial lishcs, it is consumed to an I. I'liK'i' .\.\.\l.\ , lli'i.Mii ,.r ilii' I'liiicl Stiiti's ('.inimissinner nf I'i^Ii nti.l l'"islll!|'il'.S." '2. Iliiil. piiKf L'41. .'1. .Sen inifri. a;),-,, ,,f ||„, n ,|,„rt i>( ih,. C. ,>s. c iiiiiiil-si.iii,.r ,,r |'i,|| hm,! I'lsh- .ries IS7I-T:I. for ii full ac-i'.uiin .il llir lial il- an. I iiimii;,- ..( iho lilm-lisli. iminciiso cxtTOt in a IVp^Ii stiitc. ))iit it is iint siiiird for ••xpnita- li.iii to foK'lifii iniiikcts, iiiiil wliilclt drsliovs llii' special iiidiistiy wliicii I'platcs to one hraiK li i>t the I )(■(']) Sea Fisheries, it fjivcs rise 111 .uiotlu'r indiislry in ilic ( atcli ol llicsc tisli and tlicir >.\\i' as (Vc^ii tisli, f its heiny a «,irm water niii,'ratorv lisli, scckini; a xviii'ei' liome on the co'.st.. of the Sonthern States of the Irdon, and fjivii.g lise ,n a ureal indnstry iheie. in which Mriiisl.' American lishcrmen c.innol participate, the Ulne li~h. notwithsiandiii^ its lav.ijjcs, is a vervimport.ini source of wcdtli lo the Cidted Slates, and to siK h a dcijiee i^ its iniporlance rccii^iM/eil, llial the liiited States Commis^iiincr of Fi^l.ciics ofticially (h'l hues thai '■there are no nie.isiiH's at onr (hes in this foihidden ^loiiiid. the ( iloiicesier Fi^liei men, as soon as iheir lodlishini; is over on the ( ieory:es' Ii;ink-, prep.iie in .April for the M,ickeiel lisheiy, an 1 i,'ii as lai ■.outli as X'iiuini i. iiiaihi.dlv « oikilif; their wav nmlh easiei l\ to\»,iiii~ the watcis ol lihode IshflTid ami niaiketiiii; liieii raich loi the nio-t p.iit in .Nc" York. " The histoiy ol a m.u's woi k of a (iloiiccs'er Fishini; ("lafl, may he thii' iiiiitlv sinnineil np : Si:e niav si.irt from (ilonces- ter on the Hisi of Decemher lor Foilnne \\,i\ , New funndland, and take in a cari;o of frozen lien in;;, whiili she pnichases at a liu'iely nonnnal piice fmni the lishei im'n of Fortnne Hav. .'she ariives lioine in Fi'Miiai \ . anil iclils at once lor the ( ieoiL;e-" li.iuk lichen ; rctiniis uill full I. He in .\pnl, lelil-, .ml ^Luls for waters -onth of tin' •)!llh parallel .uiil eiiijiii^es in ihe .M.ick- crel tisherv. lishiiiL! noith-ea^terly. " I he nnmlier of (Jloncesler vessels tiiidinu' cmphivinent in the \larki rel li^heiv in 1*"7") was l.SO, ol these, !t.i made sorwheiii trips, i . lished ntf slimc, and .";S visited the Hay St. Lawrence." " Si.\ Imndied and eighlren laics weie leceived, l-i.J tiom the Sonlli, f'..'.') from off shore, ami "lO from the Hay.'' ■' KetnridnH lioin the South the (ilomcsler vessel may atiain ictit and slait toithe NcHlonml- l.mil (lid I'ishciv, ^ctliiif; her Itait fmni the Newfonndlind coast. If Miccosfiil, she retnriis to (donci'sler, and may again lelit and go on' c moie into Southern W .iters, and conliniie lier calling thronghont the entire winter, and pursue it without in- leiriiptioii t'roni year to year, as a tialiiral result of the ailvan- ! i < i I Till- Ki-lii'rii'« iif (l!i)iin'«tcr, liy lYirlnr Hri'tl., ■J II. III. /it !l tii^c slic cnjdjs of ln'iiig ;il)lr' to hiiil wlieifxievcr llii" ])rosp<'(ts of leiiiiiiieriitive fiirrs lire luosi ('iicoiiiaijiiii;. willumt rcf^.ird 'i) paralli'ls of latitiidi', oj- the feai ot passinj? loi liiildcii lioimdaiifh 17. It is adiiiittod tliat ilic liliit- Fi>h jointly "ilii tin- ciiijiiK's of di'slruction used l)v man, lias in a lapjc niiMMiic niiiicd tiie toa>t;d fi:.lici ics of llii- I'liitcd States. " 'I lie decioase of the fisii may l>e eoii.sideied as d le to the eomliiiied ^'ctioii of fish ])oiiii(ls, Of wiei's, and tlie H. le fish, tlie foi iiier de- stroyiiiff a very laiye |ier cpiitiisjc ol the spawninir tisli hefoie they have depdNited their e^ii^, and the latter devoiiiini; iiii- ineiise iiuiiiliei> ol vouiig tish altef they have passed the oi'din- aiy lu'iils- of iminaiiiiity." Hut the Hliie fish in its siiinmcr inji^ialion apppni'8 to leave the wateis wliicli lie M)iilh of the .■>!(th |)ai'allel free ffom its depredation^. 1 hese waters furnish an iiiiDien^e anioiinf ol' fish food, measnied hy tens of millions pounds annually, and to them the Inniiiiii; clause ot the 'I'reaiN ol Washihijlon, closes the door. So that while the \lauie I'i-hei miiii ( .111 pursue his ealliiii; in Northern watei> during the Miiniiier uiontjis, and Southtuii watei> diuliii; the winter month-, the Hritish Ameriean Fishermen is limiteii to eold .Nnrlhern « alers iluriny the wlude \ear. !>■<. The tollowint; iiuaiilitio of ti-li were inspeiied in Wushin.irtiin market during 187o-4 ami '•') : Ms. Inspected in 1S7.} " ' «,o4.S,8ol •■ 1.S74 10,8^7,!)(i7 •• 187.-) 7.00^.04!) I'he diminution of IfcniiiLtand Shad \va^ the mo^t iiotc- woitliv lealiire ill relation to the relative aliiindance of the tish in each year, hut the most imporrant fact to the British Ameri- ran Fisherman is thai iiearlvall these fisli, if not all, were taken South of the ;Ji)tli parallel, and eliiefiy from the Potomac and ( hesapeake Hay. In these extensive li .-Vniericaii vessels are forhidden logo. I'lie statement derive-- force lioin tl ■ fact that if tin- (|uarterly entries at the ('iistonis lluu>cs iic xainiiied, it will lie found that the product of the six winter ln^nlll^ is duuhlc the pioiUict ol the six aiiinmer months Thus taking the imports recmcled duiinii the year l87-)-7 f, the iollowing are the relnlive pro- portions : — '■' Fresh fish ' not Shell fish ) entered during the six winter months : Septiuiiher ;i(tth. 187;i, to Dee. dlst, 187-! 18.'^().").i»0() Ihs. Decemher .ilst, I,s7o. to .March -i 1st, 187 K . . . ;i.(l40,()n() " Tot.il frc>h tish during six winter months, !?1,^4(),.")00 Ihs. Fresh fish (not shell lish, entered during the six Slimmer months : .Iiiiie ;j()th. 187:i, to Sep. .SOlh, 18T;J ;J,148,4(>(i " Match :Jlst, 1874, to June :iOth. 1874 7,;i8!2,7()0 " Total fresh ti:.|i during six summer months, 10,">.'>l,i(!li Ihs. Totiil yearly imports of fresh lish during the year l'87;J-74 '. :n, 777, (!()(> Ihs. or 14,18() tons. 1. .'it'll •■ .Vniiiial Uw.inl of ^ciiMiiv jinil Iniliistry." K(lil,'il by ."iH-iiccr r liiiinl, r. S. I'.imiiiissi.iiii'r ■■!' I'isli iimi I'i-lu'rii's, I. .M' iitlifv Hi'iMVt.s. 10 10. Ill .iiiotlicr ami siil)si'(|iipnt icpoit (187, 73) tin- I'liimd SliltOS { '()lllllli^••i^llll■^ C)l I'lfll ^lllll l''isll('pi('S H'l'cl^ to Ills '•(■(111- clusioilS iis 111 (Ic'Cif.i^f of ('(i(l-Ksliciirs on tlic Nrw Kiii,'l,iiiil Coast," ami pit'l.urs his niniiks willi llic slatnniiit lliat " nt' nil tlif virions ii-iii'iics l'oMm>ily pro- liceii llic nun oc isioncd 1)V llir mill-daiiis l).M liiiif the iijiuard roule of i|i' An idiouions lishcs, tint I'lo- fe«soi Maiiil sa\s: •• W'li iti\ it iii.iv he the iilipoiMin e ol iii- ci'e.isiiisj the snppis of S dnioii, it i- tiilliir^ lonipind with 'he restor.ilioii ol 'iiir e\h uisted I 'od fisheries : ,iml slionid these he hroiiyhf hark to their origin, d condiMon. '.ve sh.dl liiiil within a short time, .in inereise of weilth on onr siioie-i, tli • ainonnt of wliiehil would he dillieillf to e il-nl ite " '-' Hut there is no etfeeinal leineih loi this eoiidi'ion of thiiin>. in i'onsei|iienee of the |)ov\i'rliil hiinlii'riii^' and in iirif ii'nrinj; interests ol New lianipshiii' ;iiid Mass nlpisetis '• ;.'(• . Ileic then i\c have llnee potent and «'illi lent e.i i.,,., assigned hv the I'liiled Sintes < 'oiiiinissioiici of Kisheiics for the dpeiine and evil iiislioii of li.e Deep Sea and Coastal Fishciies willi'ii riiited Sr.ites w.iicis : I Ihc nine Kish II rile po'iieN. weirs mid oilier eMu'iiii's o( drs- tiii'tion. 1 1 1 riie h in ill!.! 1)1 Kiveis 'To tlie-e iiiav he added a I'onrtl.. iiiind\, tlic liiiiihil mhl irnliisi-ii iii-iit ^'i/iii-ii-li'iHi III" (J'ifi.sii ,,f llii- l',iil'-il Sliitis i")ii ; I'he Hli.e Kish. it is ..duiitted, it i- no! d 'sii.ilile to dcstrov, for it i« a vain ihle artiele of s'liiiiiier and winter I'ooil. The ohslrnrlive haiiiiiv;' and polulion ol Itivei- em not he reiiieiheil except iliiri';^ a Ion;; lapsi! ol years, owiiiu; to llie oppo- sition of piwcrlol 111 innfaetiirino and Inmheiiim interests. Some ol the pouiiiU iiiid weiis ji.ivc heeii lenoM'd to Itiilish .Vinciieiin waleis, whe.e, unless iliey were suit. ihly controlled, thev would prod.iee similar elt'eets to those e\istiii;» in the coastal wMti'is 111 the riiited St.ifes. hiil in ,i nic.isnie detcriiiined hv the iiijiidicions and iincontrolled use of llicso lisliiiii^ eiiijines 'l\. Ill British Viiieric in seas till present eoiiditioii of the coastal wafers, in lelati.in to our commeicial food Kshos, is eil- 1 i'.it!.' Ml. I!..|, ill ..I (■.iiiiiii.-sl .iMT .il I'l-li aii.l I'l-lii- ■-•, ll.-|"ri IS7-j:;. l';,:;.. .\l\. :i. II I. i. r.i;;-.\ll 11 tirelv (liH't'iciit. I'lic IMiic tisli is unknnwii. 'I'ln' rivris ;ii(' earli and all mikIim- the control ot the cential ( icjvcrnniinl, will- the exception of thoM' in the colony of Newl'onndlaiid. 'I'lieie are no poweifiil maiMiliicturint; or liiniherinj; interest^, which prevent tiie constriuliini ol'siiitahle tisli wins i'he coast line is thiidy settled, ver\ niiidi of it is harren, iiicai)alile ol' settle- ment, and is live times as loiiit as that of the United Stales. 'I'hi' cold coastal wafer tcediufi gioiiiids ol' the c(niimeicial li>hcs are fonr times as fjrcat, and, with the eNieption ot a lew isolated eases, these coastal waters are not seiiouslv injured or impaired hv eni;ines of destruction, under the present system of orijaiii/ed piotection, which has existed lo" some years |)ast. liiit. what is ol liir ^'leater conse(ineiice. thev lie to 'lie South ol ihe vast maiipe area which is the great mauufaclory and storehouse ol the food of our c(dd watei in.iriiie life Whatever, too. of this food supply icachcs ihe thin wciltre. shaped mum olf the United States, must pass throuyli seas conlVoutint; British .\nieri''au i-oast liiu's. '.i''. At the tirsf Mush il iniuhl ippeai ihat ihcsc distinc- tions were of luiuoi importance ; that the s« ill and Mijilc luliali- it.uits ot our »cas would pass ha<'kwards ami liuvvai'ds. lor in- stance, from the hanks of Newfoundland to ('ape Cod, and from (j'ape (v'od lo the(jiand ISanks ay;ain, wilh constant and unde- vialiu!{ rci;ulariry. Imleed. if iuii,'hl he uiijed that the vci'v vlii(li are not omI\ o|)|)o^ed 'o ful. hut to the last (h'! in ihe report li>r 1ST4, without coinnient or lonlradntiini i St>e Ap- pendix 1 (iiip 11., it is not li> lie siipp(i~( d that the ••United Sfitfs ( oiiinilssioiiei of I'i-li and l'islieiie>" endorses this st.ile iiieiit. hill nieiely tlii^ie reh'is to it as a popular and « idespie.id opinion which had not lieeii smi e»s|ii|ly coniroveitcd. IJiit if not c oiitrovei led in the cleir.si niiiiiiev. the preseiuc ol this Msh ai aiiv pirtieilai put of ilie Ihitish .\iTii-rican I'oast, niinht le lenii'ded a> an aecideiil ol initiation, and liahle to he Hie, Illy inllaeiKU'd hy miny eontiic^eiicies, mi h as ihtl'er- ence in the se.isons, the piescnce of iic, \e Ihe allr.iclioii « liirli dia»s the (oil in ihr (ii.ind liaiiks of N'e» loiindlaiid is s.iid to he the niinn'ioiis schools of heiriiiL'< and other «,inderiiii» Hsh whirh fie(|:ieiit those Hanks in the spring ol the \e.ii. 'Ihe Mackerel is st.iled hv sione to he ei|iiiills iiiigralorv in its iiioveinenls, and lo w.mdcr onlv duiiiig siiniiiiri into Miilisli .Vmericiii Seas, reliirniiii; iliniiin the win- ter into w, iters otf ihe ( 'o.ist ot the Unileii Smtc-. These opinioii.s are so enifialled into men's minds, that noihiii;; le»s til, ill ,1 sliict record ol conlr.irv fut will snlnerl lliein. .mil give place to coiri'Ct views of the h.iliiis and ii'l.itioiis of these li-li. I his is a Hrst step iieeess.iry to ,i line exposition of the Ml. dill of Ihilish .\meiic,in wateis, ind an acknowledgment that tlicv arc the grc.it s'onlioii-c o! our ti-li supplies, and the leal and onlv in.iinst.n nl the |)eip Sc.i l-'ishery Imlnslries hoth ol l!iili«h North .Amcina .mil o:' the Uiii'.cil Slate-. S:iiii a reroid of f n t wih esl.ihli^h, loo. the priinipie en'in- cialeil l)V ihe United .^taies ( 'ommis^ioiic) ol Tish and I'l-lici- eiic^. .iiiil -liov ihiil the home- ol the great iliiioiit\ of the deep SC.I I ommeici.il lishes .iie in the virii.ily ol ihe eo.ists ol those cold w.ilcr se.is which wash the exteinlcil shores ot Ihil- ish .\lilillc,i When lo this leiord tlieic is adilid a collect \\f ■\ nf the spawning hihiis ol most ol our 'onimerci il sim li^h. joined to i; liiiel exposiiinn of the physics of our se.is. it will t.illow as a necessaiA deilm lion, ihat along the whole flo\v ol the I.ahra- dorc'iricnl, from II dson's Snails lo the co.ist of M.issi.lm- selt«. ihe n.iliii.d i cpenpliiii; ol depleted waters goes on Irom Norih low lids ihe .*«oiiih, and is iiltlinattdv limiled and governed in all its details l)\ the sinfne Siimhcily niovemcnt of the l.ahrador enirent. " hii h is. at the same time, the cliiet iiislni- irieiit li\ which llie li^h lilc is ditl'iised, sustained and cither diieclly 111 indirectly led, on the (Miliie .N'oilh .\inerie.in ('oast where its cold waters piev.iil The I.ofoteii ('oil Fisheries li.ive long heen celehialed lor the e\tr.iordiiiarv g.itheiing of f'od fish there diiiiiig the winter (or the pnr|)oses ol spawniiiir, and the view is idso widely enter- tained that here alone is the sp.iwning ijroiind for ('oil on the -I •S' I ^ 13 Xorwcjjiiui coast. Tlif tiiie .st.ili'iiu'iil of the iMsr, !i()u( vcr, i;* widely different Tlif Cud spawn all liloutc the luclvc liiiiulicd mill's of tiic CO ist of N'oiway, coMfroiitiiii^ tiio ociMli, just as llic Aniciican (,'od spiiwn at dilfcrciit pi'iinds of llic year all aloiiy; the North Anieiicaii coast, fVuin I.ali] idor Id Massachusetts. Ill l'ii)|'es«or Sals' report (or 1H7(), this extiaordiiiaiy di'liisioii with ref^ard to the hahits iif I he ( 'orl is noticed at length, and ihi^ views of that distinjjiiislied Icthyoln'^isl are ol siich wcij^lit, and their heaiing of such inipoitance in relation to the whole .siihjecl, llial ii translation of liin remarks will he aece|)lalile : — " ' " Heijanlini; the occnrieiiee of the winter Cod in i,'eneral, 1 h ivc alreiily. in iny Krst leporl, irivi'ii it as my opinion that the same does not only visit some certain |)arts of our coasts lor the purpose of spawnini;, hnt that in, all |)iiihahilit\ , they jiress forw.ird at the same lime under the land aloni; the wliole of our const, north and west, and tliit the reputation which the l.oto- ten Ki.shery has so lonsji; had, is nioie particularly owiny; to the peculiar orographic formation of its fjronps of Islands, stretched far out into llu- sea like a wedge or tons^ne of land, than to an nnnsnal richness in fish of the outer sea. •• I'.very wheie where, , it the time the Lolbten fishery ceases, trials have heen made at the Fish-places lying ai;aiiist the ocean swell, the winter Cod has also heen ohserved, and likewisf;, in later times, several fonueily little noticed tish-gionmls have turned np, where even an iinnsiialiy rich winter fishiiiL; mii^l.t have heen carried on. ' I'he inform itioii I ohtained at Hodo seems likewise to point to the fact that iniiiimerahle ipianlities of (isli do also here spawn outside the reefs every year. In ijeiieral, where the " Smaaiijed " (yoiini; of the winter cod, l.l vear old) is met with in (piaiitity under the land, we may with certainty reckon on that likewise their ancestors, the winter cod, will show them- selves at a certain time in the channels, at all events, at the outer fish places, lying in the ocean swell, for thi^ purpose of spawning. " I am convinced that many stations well adapted for Skrei- fishing (cod fishing) are now lying as good as idle, a thing which is essentially owing to adhering so ohstiiiatelv to old wavs and usages, which tornis so conspicuous a feature in the North- lander's character." '-•' 1. The writiT i> iiicli'lili'il til lliTr Vciki'iizi'ii. imi'miIut ef the MhIiii'kz.io- loKical Soi'icty.at Kraiikfoi't nil .\Iiiin, for tli" traiislali m fiMiii .\nr\vct;inii of I'rof. (i. O. Savs' Ke|>orls for llie .vear 1871) to 1S74. ■-'. li.'|ioit to till' Home Di'iiaitiiieul. Iiy Dr II. (). isai-.s, uii tlie I'mcliciil mill Si'ieiililic iiivi'slinatioiis n'.-<|icctini; tln' Coil (''ishorius on tli« l.ofoteu, fi 1 1S7II to |,s7;t. Cliri.sliiiuit, 1874. 14 i'H.\iTi;i{ 11 THE COD. I'liNTKNl'S. 'J."i. lni|poriaiici' nf Ihi' f mI Ki-lii'iiiw ri .N.iiih AiinMicii ; in .\ irway ; -ii|i- |)ciihmI iiiinml'iry iiii'Vi'ini'.;t< ■■!■ iIm-C nl ; IhiliKi'niiiKSi'li.i.ilnnf (.'ml ; riNiiiNu Skasdns fur ('.III ill ilitlVivnl coiiiKiii'i ; *.. Km'.iin'. liriti^h Isli'!' ; Ii. XnHli Sen; (■„ Korkiill ; n, .Niirwiiy ; k.. 'I'lii' Wliiti' Sea ; k., Dcninni'k ; ii., Ici'lanil; H , (ii'i'i'iiliiiiil : T., I),ui< Stiiiil- ; .i., Hivi. siniil<. \Vi..h| >!.!.■ ; k., Miin.mi.ntu oil (lit> l.iiliiiiilor : 1... Atlaiitii' Cuiist of Xovii SiMliii; M,. liny nf l''iinily ; X.. Xfwriiiniilliinil ; m. TiiMf i.f ilati'» nf llr:-! iiiiiiciimni'i'- Xnrlli Hiint cnHut iif Xpwl'.iiiiiiiiiiil— (iiilf c'iia-( of Xi'wfiiiiiilanil Simii ..f lii-lii. Mr; Atlnii- tii' coiu-l- of Ihr Tnili'il Mtali's ('oiii'liisioiii. ■Jli. Xt'ci'S'iily for r in>',-t inrornnuioti ri'-]i»'riiiiu Ilit- ''[•awnir-j; lialiils of ll-h; '.'7. Sar>' on till' »|ia\vninK Imliit* of (111- C.iil; 2s, Tlw »|iiuviiiii(i of all kiiiil8 of (lal ftsli ; '.'il, Tlii' limril I'l.Aii: of IMi : :VK Inlliii'iiiv of nirivnt" , ;tl, Tlif -iiawniii;; of ilitTi'rent »i>i'ci<'K of llsli : .'12. Tin: Spawnimi uk nir-. CiH' ; :t.'t. SiiuwniiiK in tin' Straits of lli-ilc l^if ; :)4. Kxporlaiion of ('ml Ko..< unci I "rioil of Coil s|ia\Miin^' : .'l.'i, ('n|iuwniii^ in tlif (iiill of St. Liwri.'a.i' ; 40. Sca^iin on tln^ .vtlaiitic VKtti'^l 'ot Xovii Scotia ; 41. Soils 111 on ilio Atlaiitir I'.B.-t of tlio I'nilfil Stato.i ; 4'J, Winlfr llsliini; for Coil : 4:i. (' mrliHi hh from |iri'\i.iii» stati'imMiIrt Tlio ini- |i irtaiu f till' Coil li-iliorii'.-i 'I'lio linltow iirojirlii-ial. ATPKNIHX I'd ClIAITKIi II I. l.otti'r from tin- " I'nit'-'l Siaio-i C iiiMiis-ioii,-r of l-'i^h iutil l-'isln'rio*." on till* iliiiiiiiiilion of tin- f mil ti-li.". on iho o i;isi of Xow K:ii;laiiil. anil o^jii'- cially of Mnini'. II. K.xlrai't fr.iiii tlio lii'ii .n ..1 T, W. U liiioavo^ on |),-i.|i .««oa lln'iloiim- in till- (Jiilf .il St. Lawrcni'i'. III. S|i!i\vnino of ilif ('.111 ill l!ri!i
  • . VIII. SiMli-tii:s ol till, lixliurii'.'* of .liiroroiii nations: A. .\i-\VFiirxiii.ANI> II, Stall' of tin- Xi'wfoiiinllaii.l IWii'i-y fr-.m liiim 1.. I7!l'i li. Slati.-ti.-s ol ti-lmrii'i in KH-t. 1- hiliiiliii. lilts ami ll-'lii-rii's fr mi lilllli i . IT'.lL'. il Lalirailor i-atoli in IS'.'ll. 1-. Ia]i iil-i fr 'III l.il'i'iiilor in ls;tj f. Kxiiorts fr nil .Vowroiiiiilliinil 'iml Lal.iinlor fr- in I71i'i ti 1 87.-1 li. KuK.vt li .Vkwi'ihM'I.wI' l-'.siii-:itiKs II. Sliiti-li,-- fr. Ill 17i'il I.SII'J. also IS'.'.; t.. ls;7 II. Slati-tw-s 1 f ilip Slin-p Hill Hank IMn-ri.--. M-|.iir.iti-. I-. l''ri'iii-li C III llslii-rii's in all |iarts of tin- worl.l. il. of .\i.H-|..iiiiilliiiiil Hank anil Sliori' li>lii'i-y. 1-. Small vi-ssi'ls i'iii|il .yi-ilat Si. rii-ni- an I .Mii|ii. I n in ISilT. f. l-'i-i'iii-li tl-liori.'s in l«.-)i!. o. V(-st'ls I'liiiiLiyoil liy till. Kri'iii-li from lwi7 I" l~7l. iii- i-lii-iv,..' C. Kri'-u'li aiiil r.noli^ti .\.'\vl.iii'i.|l:iiiii lisji.-rio^ i-.iinjiavo.l in 17(>'> I). Au'tfi-Huaii- valiii' of I'li-ni-li llshorii's in l>71-Ti.'. I-;, C 111 lisli H.\|i,irti'i| fiom St, I'li'in- aii.l Mii|iii-loii, fi-.ini l.-<."iS t.i IHIM. iiii.|ii.iii-. V S 'r\v.';iiaii tlsliorii'^ in IsT:t 11. I'liiti'ii Stall's n-lii-ri.'v t^). To flioso who ail' not ('.imiliar vvitli tlii' I'Xii'iil ot tlii' iiidiisirv iiii|ilii'il by tin- term "Xoidi \iiii'rn'.iii Coil-lisln'rics," some iiisiijlit iiitii its iiiM^tiiludL' :iii(l iiiipDrtatirc may tip L'iitli- pied from tlip fut tliat tliorc are aiiiiiiiilly lakcti i'lniii Noitli .Vmi'i-icati waters almuf one li'inilred and lit'ly millions of cod- fisli. This is assuming tint llie niimbi'i- of tisli required t> :# 1« ni.ikt' otic ([iiiiihil of (lii("(l \\r.\] iiveiiii,'i'H foity. On tin' l,iil)r;i- dor it olfcii ('xcccd uuv liiiiiilrL'cl Id tlir (luintiil, on llic Hanks it often tails niiiili hchiw forty to the (jniiital. I!nt taking tlie entire nnnilier lanj^lil, small and great, one hundred and lifty to on<' linndred and seveiity-Kve millions of lisli eacli year, woidd l)e II fair representation of the afji^resjato eatcli, which is thus apportioned : (Jaiiitntx. Dondnion (.f Canada •' i I ,()0(),()(l() Nrwiniindland, in. In.) .g l,al)rador ' •' 1 ,:i('().(),)0 Newloiindliind and l.nhrador, home eonsntnption, one qnintal per inhahitimt 171), ()()() French exports from the Hank Fishery and the Shore Fishery ' ' SdO.OOO United States ^> ' 7 oO.OOO r.ital i|iniitals, or IH"),IM)0 tons ot codfish "•■ ' ;i,7()0,()()() In Norway, the l.oloten ■atch of 187:! yielded l:2,l)l)0.()(l() fish, cured and pnpaied as ( 'liplish. '" ' and producinit .'iiid.ltOO quintals, which would he it the rate of '.i'i iish lo the (piinfal. The a;,'i,'rei,'atc ciitcli of the Loloten ( 'oil fisheries averai^es ahont i.'(), I }()(), ()()() Iish, and the entire Norweijian catch of Cod in l«7;j — a very ijood year— reached ll),()()0,()()0 tish, valued at nearly *:J.()()(),(I()(», The North American catch, of .'5,7()(),()(M) quintals, at $f a (juintal, would amount to >il4,SI)(), 0(1(1. An industry so encuinous in its evteni, so varieil in its character, and so far-reachinj; in its iiiHiuuice nn maritime iire-emiiu'iicc, well deserves tli.it some consideration should he i,dven to the life history of the i-reature up ui whose ipimhcrs and h.ihils it, is altoi;elher dependeiil ■ So far IrcHii the .\meiicati f'odtjsh possessina; the niaivcllous migratory chiiraclcristics imputed to this, the first in inipiwt- aiice among our sea fishes, it is essentially a ' home fish.' winter- ing near our shores, spawninir ii(>ar our shores, and spendiiifi; its lile in triiversing a comparatively limited area in search of food. It is taken on the coast of North America during evcrv month of the year. When the Ncuwegians ate pursuiucr their annual eateh of what is termed theie "The Winter Cod," the Newfoiiiidlaii. lei's on the South co.i-t of their Island ari' tnking the same sjiecies of tish the winter through. When the coasts Oi j^'inmark are thrcuiged with fishermen catching their fares of the " f.odde " or sumincr Cod, the shores of Nrts cluriii(; KSCiil i,i |.s7."i. inclusive. .'1. The I'rciic'li .V.'wr.iiinilliucl (' HllisliiTy |nMilii,',.,l. in \H~-2, in..".U0.(1un frnncs; ill IS7l,H,;il>il.onil fnincs, .\t -Ju fniiii's a .|iiiiitnl tliis w..iiM yi.'M iii«uit 50O.IKHh|Mintals. I.Sei. .\|i|i,M'iliv. | 4. .Menu .it l.s7n, .mll.'.W.' i|aiiitals, ami IS71. ',l.")0.7;t.' ,|iiiiitals. Vi.le "Census" and ". Monthly liepDris," fi. See Staiislies nf the (Vi.l fi-hery at enil ,.f this l."lm|iter. li. Till' Si,.eklisliaie drieil in the air, wit, en. t salt, ami are as Ininl as a lumnl. Tlie('li|illsh are Mlie.l ami (hieil in the same nianiier as ih.' .\ewr..un.l- lallil .sliore-eui'eil ('ml. 7. See .\|i|ienclU' l''„ at the emi ot this tlhapter. f .r Statistics of the .Vor" weglaii Coil Kislierieti. lU Okak, .iiiil N.iiii Si( .lU.i ill till' Niiilli Si'i,. 111(1 on llic cdiiiI 111 llil' IWili'll Ull■^, alnUlul llll' l''l IMC I-ililluU, illl illlMIH Icf- l.iirlic sliDii's, 1)11 (111' Siiiili Illl' 111 t irc'i'iil mil, oil' Aik'iit Fioid, nwny up Niiilli lo llir TuiNVt' Hiliks ;uiil ilnwn I lie At- laiilii ro.i'.t ol Aiinrii'.i dvit tin' (Iraiiii H,iiik< .mil us In ii, and cvin licMinil S|. (lt'(iim''s Slunl. llif ('ml is l.ikrii -'iiiiiltaii- i'iin>ly ami in mral iiliiinil.ui.i'. laiiMJ varLiliiiiis .iinl rvin »irks m riii in a i'iia»t line. Ill' stii'li'li III sliillow Ml, III 111! iiiiiii' ill III .1 liiiiiili'i'il niilin ill li'iii;ili, iiiit lIu'M- aiiic Irnm llii' mif i;ii- it liailiiii; caiiM' uliirli tfiiiili"! till' ('ill! ill its a|i|)ii>ai'li In kiiiiwii I'oriliiii; lliiiiiiiili on lln- iiia>t. iir known lialiks at siM. Tliii Ic.idiiiH iMiiMi is ti'in|ii'ialiirr. wliirli ili'tci iiiini'i tin' iiiovi'iiii'iit tiivv.iid till' r''a>t III llic v.iiioiis l'i>iiii> III iMiiiiii' lilr. on »iiiili tin' ('oil iiillabitini; ijiltiiciit waters, i> iiiiii*liiliii'(l lo fet'd. It i> also llic iini' 1,'nai t;iiiili' in ilcti'iininiii',' tlir season lor spiiwiiiiii;, « llil li nil llie N'ortli Aiiieii.aii eo.ist runs ilnoiioli neitly all.i: n it i|>iite all the innillis nf tlie mmi, ami is n'^in liituil at ilifh'iciit locililii'M liy teiii{i('i' iliiic, riiiijoiiilly ailli llie |iri'st'nee ot' ire, riie Coil 1 aiiLjlit on iwrU strctili of iiiast line, williiii varialilii Imt toleialilv well-ileliiieil limits, ire IXDliiiAiiis to llie x'a aiea adjai elll to I lie ro.ist u liii'li tliev liei|iieiit. Tims, tlie \i iiitei' liaeiits III llie ( 'od I aii^'lit on llie Niutlieni l.alnadoi are llie ■iio|)('s ol llie u'liMt iaiit;e of imtNide liiiiksoi, tliat eoast. '' riie siiniiiiei li iniits ol ihe " winter end" eaiif;lil on the eoa.st.s of Noi w.iy dm mi; llie wiiiier si'ison, are on tin- s|o|ie of tiie " SloiTgjj" and its eoiitinn ilioiis, wlmli lie seaw aids lioin tlie Norwi'iiiaii roast, lolloHiiio llieidije of tlic lianitT scparatini; tlie " I'ol.ir Deeps" friiin tlie slialloH"! eoistal seas. -' Tlic seasonal iiioveimints of ilie ('ml are icveised in tliese ci-t's, purposely inlrodiieed, hut they aHoid .i lieaiitil'iil illiislr.itioii of the piiiiiiplcs adopied ,md eoiilii iiied liv I'rofi ssor Itainl, and of the iiiriiieiite of in.irmc eliinali on lisli lile. I he food wliiih lures ilie cod to ihe shore at slated periods, varies also in ditl'iient seas and at dilfereiit pelioda of the year. On llie noilhern roasts ol Nmn.iv, in Souihein (ireenland waters, ilironijlioiit llie whole ims- line of Newfonndland, all alonj; ihe soiith-Hest .mil ninth shoie of the (iiilf of St. Law ii'tii e, and lar up the l.ahiailoi euast, it is the Oaplin or Lodde ol the Norweiiiaii and D.iiies, uhirh hiinu's in the simi- iiier yoiilii; end . Iiioiiy;lioiit the Noilh Sea in Kiiro|)e, on tlu! Alt.mtir (d.ist ei the Hrit'sli Uh's, on till' Atlantie coast of Nova Si otia and the I'nileil States, it is the llerriiij;. 'I heso at the hesi, iie hroad ocneralizatioils, hnt lliey outline the nioveiiients ol llie ('ml and the causes wliieh le.id ihein eoast- waids in diHereiit mis leimitely apart, and tlipy di.ssipate the ide.i ol that i;i-.iiid iiiLiginary nuLji.iiory iiioveineiil, 'v liicli has loimd siirh wide spr"ad l.iMiiir. The lollowiiiii; details ol ihe fishing; Seasons for ( od in Kurope and .Vineriea Miflieientlv csrahlish ihr; .siinidtaneons appear.iiH e of this Hsli in various se is heloimini; to the two ( on. tinents. Itrief notices ol thu cliaracter of some of the lisherios lor end in distant waters .ire interspersed for future relereiite. \ 1. .s-'t' n.iti- nil lliii .\ iillifiJi LiliiM'l ir t'l-liid;; lir.itiiiil, liy tin- iiiillior nl tins impi'i'. .Niivi'iiilii'i-, LSTi'i. •J I'pil.ii I). Siir-. 'I'lie \.iiwi'i;iaii N.irtli .sii'a i;\|ii'ilili.iii. IT A. FlSlllN(i SKASON I'OU ((ID— Kl'ROI'K. '-A HHITIHIl IHI.KH. ' ' SiiiitlicH {]',. (^oa^t Kii^.j, Novctnlii'i imiil M.ikIi. (ircat (Jriiiishy (K. ^(la^l Kiii,' ), Oiloticr mid Niivcinlicr. Oikni'V* f Kirkwall), Winter and Summer. Sliftliiiid (Lerwick), Winter — May until Aiif?uM. Diini^'arvaii ( Ireland), ('liri''linii> to i nd "l Mareii. ('anicklerHiiH ( I iiLiiidj, NoKMnlicr until Marcii. 'I'enby (WaleH), Novonilxir to Febrnary. London ( Kiit,'land), January to May. Dingle I ircliind), Soiitli-wrst Coast, CliristinaH to Auijust. Slornawiiy ( llel)ridos). Winter and S|(iiiif<. Siiuiiner ti.'-liiiif,' on llie Knulisli eoaal, ten to thirty iiiilea tVorn land — .lidy to Oelolier. It. NOIiril SKA. Dodger Hank — N'oveinlicr to .March or .Aiiiil. ('ronier Knoll — Novenilier to reluuary. l''oula Hank — (IJeluei'n l''oul Island and Cuasl ol Zelland). April until .Septendier. AII.WIIC OCI'AN. I'aroe Hanks — SouIIi-SduiIi-W Csl nl the Faroe Island.-*, .\pril until Sepieinher. I- 1 " Uiind-line" lishing lor Cod loinrnences in the coast or " home" waters in July, and is continued till near the end of Octohei'. " This fishing is mostly larricd on at from 10 to ltd mill's from the coast, as the heriinfj;s at that lime are approach- ing the shore, ajid the cod lollows them closcdy." ' ' ' Icelaiul (iriMuid — West Coast. Summer. '■*' C. IIOCKAII,. .■\ hank .'iOO miles west o( the outer llehiides — .Spring and Summer. 1). NdHWAY. ' • ' I,(Uii|i:n. — .lannaiv to the middle of Apill. KoMsliM.. — lanuarv In the middle of ,\pril. FiXMAiiK. — F,nd of .March to July. 'I'he Lofoten Fish are full of Hoe cu' Spawn, ol which .'!1,()()() harrels were taken in IS~,). The Fish are snpi)osed to spawn in ihe Fiords. IJomsdal Fiord is south of the Lololen group id Ul.uids and ihe gieat ' West Fiord.' The l''iumark l"od Fish are much more laridy found with roes or spaw n in them. They aie locilly sui)posed to he the remmmt of the Schools whidi spawned aiounil the Lofoten Islands in the early part of the year, lint as ihey are much smaller than the Lofo- ten tish, this must he a mistake. Ihe Fiord lisherv for (-'od is prosecuted all the \ear roimd, hut less in summer ihau at any other period. t:. Tin: u iint; ska. On the .Mnrmaiiian Coast the ( 'od Fisheries oceU|iv almut .■)()()() lisliernieii frnni .April to .August.'"' F. DKNMAIIK. North-Enst Coo-st of Zealand, The Kattegat, Nymiiulegah, I- -Vl'l li\ to Ui'iicirl iif llh' t'onMiii>-i. > ii|.|poiiiti'.l to ciniim imId till! .'!wi l''islMM'ii'.< uf tin- failii'l Kiiipl.mi, :;. Il,.|i|s«niili KiM'p Sun IMunn, \< '>"■'■ :i. Mii.l, |>. I4i;. i. Ill 18".")IcL'lanfl iai|iirtral!l,0ilo,IIO0 lli.s. ,if A'/i/i /i»7i (.. ('iin.suliir lii'|iiirls. I.ST.'t. li. .M. A. S.laillz .IiiuiimI uf Uio lln-.'iilca (ieii)j:iii|iliii-iil .><.irii.|y. IS7:i-4. 18 Lmm liol.l n,|, llsr ti.ihl. SniHiill 11> ill lllf .\nl\\i';,'illll Ki.PlllN, aii'l Mil llii' N(ii\vi'u;iaii Coii^ls KliMII lllr l'iirr;.'iiill;,' nIiiIi MHIlt A it ll|i|Mllls lllllt lllc »'i"l ll-lii r_v i- iihtIimI mi iit liill'iiiiit |iait.-< "f tlir i'iiii>l> nt' lln' liiilisli Ulis iluriiin I'Viiy iimhiiIi uf tin- yrai. Tlir i\^\t aif iilwiiy-. pivsiiit tlii'iv, an>l n> llir li»li iin' Knifiiillv raii;,'lit willi l.iiiji lines .11- liaiiil iiiH's, wliatcViT sn cailiMJ 'iiinl In r," cir >|in« ii- inn Hsli inv taken, iiiiiil lir il, Ii. ii i:i,.\Nii. 'I'lii- liiij;v ( 'ml iciiiniii, iliiiiii;; llHwiiiliT iiiiiiillix, mar In this Uland. ainl a> mi tin- foimt of Noiwiiv. in l'"i liiiiiir.v ami .Maivli appinaili tin' S.iutli nui.M to •.j.awii ; tin' tisiar n. ac- d.r.lin,';- tu Vin- ( 'lai-iil I 'mwr. " ' attirm lliat tli"' >liivctimi nf lliii Hsh is IVmii Wist ami Suiiili. Till' Ipi'sI ti^liinir- 1 innnr.' in tin' niulitli- -tati.l alMM'. at aii>l lii'iir till' \'i-liiiaiiris islaml.s tn \'m>ti" uiiiii, ami tnwanl- till- iiiil of .liii I liiuiiiiiiii;; 111' .liilv, till- Ii liiiij;- l"';,'in i'lirtlin rmiii.l to till- ii.irlli, -('iMlis I'miml in ,i,'ii at ininilifis ill l''aM'liiiy as lit' a- M ly a'i'l in I'. ■ -i I i I! u in .lilii •. lUil .iiiii'wiiat latiT iilnti;; till' cna.st tu tin- iniltliNVi-*t." "■' in tills ivs|ii-il till' I 'ml lishi'iii's at Icclatnl ii'sinilile iIh- i'mI li-liriirs iJii ill. t Iran. I Hunk 'ij' N..\vt'iiiinillaii.| ami ( iwai.ls l'...|li. Ml' anil tlir l/iluailor. Tlir {•'ivnili - l>riili n rx" in thr liiiir. ■■yii//.'(|'Mai lisliiiiL,'- lM';iin mi tln' Nr'.vfminillainl Hanks, at till' Kai or' islam Is. tli.' Lotl'iHlnis Norway ami in .i-i'laii.l al'oiit tlic s.nn.' liiii.'. it is i|uit.' rxiili'iit tliat tlir li'.'- 'iml Toil is 11, .t a ini^'i-at.iry lisli. l.nl a ilwiHi-r in llir virinily .if till' islaml wlii'iT il lin.ls its f.M.,1 in sninimr ..iil al s.-n. in tli.' otliii'si'as.iiis near tlii' laml." '■' ' lli' -oi's .m ti s.'iy tlir.t ■ til.' uint.'r aii.l s|irin;,' fisliiiiL's u'Im' tln' laiyi' fat i.'il wliirli i. sol.l at Ihr fact. lli.'s anl tii'liii',' |i.irr-, ami .'ifl.i v anls |iii'- liat'i'il for i'.\|ioit, wliili- till' siiiiiiiii'r lisliiii'is ,,]th |ii..il'iri' lln' ..imll roil.i'.ial tjsli, lialilo'k aii'l lialilait." Fisliiiii; liv lilt- is only i-inii'il on in tln' smitli part of .'axi'linv li'tw.'ii Ska;.:i'ii ami iiixni'fjor.l. w ln'i'i' tlir iirts ar.' '.•ink. as til.' lish in tli.-s.' |iiirts ^rmii'iiilly k.'i'|. i-Lis.' t" tlir l...tt.iiii; till' lisli taki'ii \. I'm (ieci. Sue, l.s.i.'l. Uiiiil.. |ii.i|.iiKly \ikliiri (IhiiiimI, liit llli l!7. In ISKl, tWii VeMKcls tiiiik 2!l, +().'> eml fii'iii tlii-. liaiik tiiiiiiy uitli liie jiw'' '"' niHper, liiit iiKist (if tliciii willi liaml line, in l.'iln Kt fiillinitiv, ;10 til M) miles finni land, 'I'la' cali'li was iiauli' liy L'O men in '2H illiys. Snmc> of tlle lisll Wei^lleil, wliell illcssi'ij (id Ills. In IMI.7 tlie tlsliiiiM was ]iil|si|ei| fliiin •J:!iil .lime ll' hitll AllLTllst. when ti'lf-J lish were eailuhl. lllilisll < 'liiimiissiiiii, j.sHi, i|ii(itecl liy i'erh\'. Tiaske Hank, iieiir Siikkeistii|i|jin l.al. (i.').:tO.; 'I'lillarl Hank. I.iit. *ti.) ilnlslelilairi;-. I,nt. (17. 1 .\rksiit l''iniil. lal. i>\ fiimons t'nr ( 'a|ilin. Sir. ('. (iie- seeke, 1. iiAvis srnAii's. A'./.w S'.ih . This wHier is alsii inenliiMK il hy .Mr. Ilnlilswnrtli. hilt the liieality is lait e;ivi>n. indhahly the X'ikt ai i^'nuiiiil. In ISKl Ml. May, '.f i.erw ic-k, sent smne nf his \ i sscis there iiinl had a \ely slleeessflil si'asdil. Tile three fiillnwill!,' years |ircived also Very fi 1, hilt |,S.")(), |S,".l. |fS.'):> were Very had srascrlls, ami nil mure attelii]its were liiaile lllitjl l.SCS. lint till' end Were seiiree in that year. a:id the tislniA was iihamlmied. •' |iarine the lesnlK nf the |)a\is Straits lisheiy with the t.'eneral results nf tlle Newl'nnnillaiid lishi'iy nf III.' same years, we have the fcillowine; ii|i|,in\iiiia(inn. D.WISSTllAris. Nl:Wl'iirMiI AND. l.SKi. ;,'nnd. \mt\. IN47. ' •• I'^l^- " • niediuni. IMH). verv;;(Mid. rs.'iO. had. M-nnd. I'*<''l. " mi'ilinm. iH'il'. had. IS.-)M. i'*^">4. very had. .1. II.UIS srilAirs, Wis/ Snii. Allirnst and Se]itemlier. |)a\is deserihes the selinols of < 'odlish on the Coast hetweeli Latitudes (17 ami .'u N.. on the l.ahrador. in ih.' lollowiiij,^ laiij,ma-e ; ( 'oastim,' the shore to- wards the Soutli. We saw an inereilihli' nuiuher of hirds ; ha\- ilii;- divers lisheinieii ahoord (air l>ark.-, (h.^y all I'liided ihal theiv was a mvnt skull of lish ; we. heiii.; uiiprnvidi'd nf tish- iiij,' fiiniitiire. with ii h.iiu' s|ake iiayle made a Imnke and fast- ened the same t of .air siaimliiiL;' lines: Ih't'oiv lli.' haile was ehiiii^red w.' took ni.ae than forlie yival ( 'od- iSipleniher 7lli, l.'iMi, or near :!()() years ai.-o . The lish swimmiii',' so alaindanliy thieke ahcail .air harke as is ineredil.le to \'r,- iv- piated. of w hioli, with a small porthai of .salt wi' had. w.' pre- served .some thirlii uple or theiralMails, tind so returned for Kiielan.l." Jlakhit III., p. 1:2(1,. Davis iil.so saw tln'Cod in possession of the Ks.|iiimau.x who inhahit the land hetweeii Ciipe l!al,.inh and Ciimherliiiid Strait, (Xi)uoted hy liiehardson. Kaiiiia Am. H.ir. i It is not iiiiimilnihle that the hirds iiulic.d hy Havis were feediiie' on Capliii or lierriiii;'. 1. I'li'i-iil I'mwi'. !.'« II K MnxniKM'* m IMK iiili ii\ IMI I. A IIIU Hull * Till' fiillciwiii^ (alilc'i hIiiinv till' |ii I ji.iU III' rn<H-<|iH. Ill riiiiiiiii',' tlii"il liitvi' lii'i'ii kiiiiwii til ii|>|iii>iii'|i till' sliDi'c (liiriin; nil r\i'i'|itliiimlly I'liily si'iisnii, u fuitiiijjlit n- llirii' wi'i'kN "iMiiii'i- tliiiii iliii'iii); llic uvt'i'iip' nf yi'iirs. Kiirlv mill Inti' s|irlii;^'i ui'iiii in tin' iMi>\i'iiii nf lisli jiisi us iiiT^ii- liil'lv 111 ill (III' iMiivi'iiii'iils of iiii).'nitoi v liinl". or in tlic Iriiliii^ mill llowriiriy of |ilmi|N. 'j'lii' siiinion mnl llir cml ^.'ciirrnily rmiii' williiii II wi'i'k of mil' miotln'r. mnl ilu' KHkiiim of rkkiiHlksMlils liiivi' II ti'iiijitioii iliiit till' Hnliiioii may iil\\ay'< Ih' limkfil fur oil till' liny of tin- lif^t ^|ll'it '■■ aftiT tlir llllli July. Ill IfsT'i, a vi'iy lati' srii>o!i, wcr.' not till ni lii'foii' till' "til Anj.'ii.st lit rkkiiMiksiiiii ,at. 'I'l-'ii . in |H7li tlii-y t'aiiii' in on tlir 'Jlltli .July, ami this Mrninjs witli llii' I'V- |iri'ii'ii('i' on otliir pill I- n|' till' roa-*!. if'i/Wi hIiiiiii III) till- iii>iii'ii.riiiiiiti iiiiiiii iliili III iirrii'dl, iinnii iliili III I'/iwi ()/' lixhrrji mill iiiniii li ni/lli nf III! lisliiiii/ •41'ilH'iii Inr ('ml III .\iirlli-l;'iisti III Siii'luii mll'i inl. Siiiitliirii llllli Mm till III l.iilifiiilnr. \m\ lilii'llIlM -Mi'iiii il.ili' Mi'iiii ila'i' Mi'iiii li'iiij.li 111' iiriliihi- lit' linliiii^ iirnviil. Ill liiliiTV. M'liMiii. Hill. ■Jii\\i WKWrol'MH.AMl. I"..'1ii <'oiiii'|itiuii Hay l-.'.'o Hol..nl^'ll Hiiv IH,:ili iNolpi' lluini' h:iy '.o |('ii|ii'Sl. .Iiiliii 111 Tar. I'l. •-'iMh •lll.oOlWliili' Ha,\ Hill .'il [('ii|ii' Uiiiii,'.' llai'liiir... Imli i'll 30 |('a|ii' Manlil to ( '. O111..11 -.'iiii Ih'ir /'■.//(,■ Ihiiiiii I '.I .IlllH' '.'lllll NlH. mill " Mill " M " IM " Nt •• •"III, (Vt. -,/,■. I 1:! lIlVH. I, . NO| I |||,||\ I Ulll \IIOll. 52.11 |cimt''aii Hii.v . -Jill, .luu' !'■ Or'uU-r Haiii'iiix. \'iAx .">l..'tii liiiliaii Ihirlioi' . .. !.■> Il 'i4..ili C.iiii' liai'i'i-i'ii . ISili h; ihv (h'ii- Tliiii Uij/riiM 11/' l.iitiliiilr. >olirill.llN I. Mill vlioll. .Vi.li AililK -.'llili iliilv fi.'i 1'.' Kv|inl,„l, -.mi;!, "■ fii.'JT ll..|i.',lil,- '.'ilili " .■|."i.:((' Hiiiiliji' Islaiiil llarliiiiir'i'Jriil •• iU)..-,-J riika-ik-alil. . . '.Mili ■■ .'ili.H'i Niiiii .... -iHili •• 'iiMti okiik . . yxili " ."l^.;{i Il.-lini;i , |.-||, \i;i;. ■■'X.-iCi l,aiii|i- III , . 15111 " M Oi.Int l-Cilll Ni'|.t. I. "nil •• n,,r Thru ii„,l ,1 II. ill l).ii,;i.i ,,/ I.iiIiIikI, [■"loin tlii'* 'I'lilili'. iiii|iiTfi'('t us it is, \\f may iliijiici' tin- fol- lo\viii'_' law : ■ ( )vi'i an iii'i'ii. oxtciiilin;.' noitlii'iiy from < 'onri'ji- tioii Hay I'oi -.i-xi'ii lmiiili'i-il iiiili's. tln' mil a|i|ii'oa(li lln- sliorc alioiit oiii' wiM'k lati r I'm ivny ilri;ri'i- of jatitinlr Ui' inlvaiu'i' to till' llol-lli" 'I'lirsi' laliii's show also tliiit for n iktIoiI of aUnit forty iliiys iJic ro l-lislii'iy ;roi's on simiiitaiii' nisly (liiriiij; Ail^riist mnl S •|)|ilMlnl tllloll^'lliilll till' llll_'tll of 11 I'OIVst-lilU' I'Xtl'llllillU' from latitiiili- +7 •■!'> I'l liit 'iS-SO. or iiior.' than si-vi'ii liiiriilriil statiiti' mill's ill oiii' rontiiiinnis liiii'. -Hi'iici' it ii|i[)i'ars tliiif till- iiiij.'ralioiis of till- schiKils of this tish an' iiii'i'i'iy from ilcc]) .% • Sim writi'i". ' N il.'~ MM llii' . Villi ii.'in l.uliniilor Ki«Imii^' ifiuunilJ," IsTii, hv ihu n I f wiiU-r winli'i tVnliin.' j.'iiiiiiiil-< in ilii m iiirHt nm-tt, MIkI IVnm till' cnast 111 lllr IHHIVsl i|im'|i Wlltcl' fi'lMlillK ^rmiiiils ii){aiii.* Tliir ciuiHt iiii^^riiliiiiiN iliirin^ tin' Niitiiiiii'r immtliN ii|i|)i>iii' to III' of i'i|iiiilly liiiiiti'il I'Xti'tit, iiml srlioolN of I'oil fic'i|iii'iiiiii(; iiiiv |iiiiticiiliir coiimI, limy I"' '"li'l to lie intli- KClliilH In it All will I'liASIM uF NiiVA SnillV AM' I'AI'I; IlllKI'oN Isi.AMi. iM'K ItllKTiiN ISI.AMi •-'(•ill K.liriini y In -Olli May I' ' mi iIh' masl iicin lii),'oniHli, St. liHWri'iiri' lliiy, A|iiil nml May, I'linr in ilioif. '^ I CiHlaiv iiiiiiily taki'ii ill tin' wiiitiT tliiiiii^,'!! lioli-i in ilii' Ir.' ill Kills iliii' Laki-. I" AI'I.ANTIi' riiVsTs iiK NiiVA HIdl'IA. Manli III I'l' I iif NiiVi'liilii'l' ('imI ai'i' ofti'll I'niiii I ill llii' Halifax niaiki't in Kilpiiiiiry. Tliisyiar 'Ih77i tin' wiiti-i |piir I'liiiNi'il at Wiiiilsor. N. S., m ('ml 'Jli lli- in \vi'i;;lit, wliirli liiul lii'iii liioii>;lit froin Halifax at iIm' riiil nf Kiliniary. ■Of till' CimI faiiiily alnin' \\v kimw tlii' wiiitiT i|iiaili'rs, All wiiiti'i Inn;; fliry luv tMl;iii ID U< l'< ii''lis siiiwiirl in Mlmiit !S() fallinliis >niinilin;;s, " |)r. H. ( iil|iin, Tiaii^ N'nv. Sint, In.st., Nat. Si'i., isii.-i-ilil. "Uiliiii;; till' wind'f small s|H'riiiii'ns mf luiiin;.' aii' fii'- iplriitly tiiki'ii fi'niii till' cniU' stiiiiiai'li i'ail;.;lit ii|iiili llii' ISaliks, I' ■ Till' Hanks hill' s|inkili nf air alinill 10 inili's M'awanl nlf Halifax Hal Imiii'. Till' ti^lnriiH'ii in llir Halifax niarki'f. asHiiii'il tlir wiitir tlial ( 'ml I'linlil \iv laki M at any liiiir iliiiiiiv; tin' wiiitT sra^nii in ilrrp wall T ntl' lialifiix Harl»air. Hv ili'rji watiT tliry ix- |plaiiii'il 7'i In S(( falliniiis ; iwn lines aiiil a lialf tn tlirn' liiu's. Tlii'y lii'lii'Vi' thai till' I 'nil spawn on Saiiiliin I'liink in .Inly. In .liiiii' tliry I'rasi' tn citi'li laryi' s|)a\vniii;,' lish, Imt up In thai inniitli tlii'V tiiki' tlii'iii full iif spawn, liiit iml n ady In sliiij till' spawn. KAST rilAST ur lAI'l; llllKTiiN ISI.ANIi, t 'nil ail' taki'ii until ( 'hristinas, wluii iiaviijatiim clo-ii's. I 'apt, I'. A Si'oll, |{. N,, |,S7(I.} Ill (Jivat Hias D'Or |,aki', tlirnii^th tlir ii'i' in wintri'. M. DAY 111' I IMiV — Ki'liiiiaiT III • 'liiistiiias, ('mi ail- taki n in tin' wiiitiT sra- snii tlirnii;,'li ilir ii-e in till' Ki'iiiii'Iii'ccasis I'stimiy. IIIIIAII IM \MI, faitiviiirr In I'.ay nf Kiiinly -Jlltli .\pril tn Is| (Irtnlicr. Ill till' I'-liiai-y nf till' Avon tliey ratrli ('ml a.s smin as tlir rnast ii'i' ilisappi'ars. ofti'ii in Manli. iiy iinaiiH nf linnks fast- I'lH'il to stjiki's iliivi'ii ill iii'ai' to low watrr iiiaik, tlir tiili' ris- illi,' finlll ;t:l to ;t.S fcrt. They liave tn watl'll till' linr nf lillit tn pivM'iit till' iTnws fi-niii takiiiL; it, anil tliry i;rni'rally liait at till' lii'i,'inninLC of tlnmj, ami liinl the eau^'hl lish at tin- i-lili. N. .Si;WKiif.VI)l,.\N|i. — Stnifli Cdiisf. Lapiiile l!ay. (\m]\<^. ."i.S, — ('ml all the year iniiinl, l>lll'i,'en jslaml — ('ml Cnllles ill finlJl ,Mari'li to .Iiini' ; Salmon, May to July; Caplin, .linie tn .Siptemlni- ; Sipiiil, •Inly tnOrtnlier; llriiiliij all SiiniMier. ( ireat Jeiv is Hai'lior. Hay D'Kspnir -(.'nil anil lleiiin;j all the yeai- rnilllil. HiTiiiitai^i' ( 'ove — Fisli with limik ami line all the vear iininil. • This law, ronuliilliiK anivi'iiiniils nf suvi-ml ^i h'< nf lisli, I, us loiii,' hcoii rci'iijjnizeil ia uUiim' I'mialriu^. 1. Ajiiieailix Xn. IK. Spsaiuiml pnpiTi. IS7a. \lv[ntrl uf Ciiiit, 1". A Si'i.tt, K. .v., Cninnmiiili'r i.f tlii- 7>/7(if/. ■->. Iliiil, :). .losi'pli llanl.v, .1. I'., Umlil.u'k, ('. It. 4. Dr. l!i'iinrilClil|iiii Tnia. N. S, Ins., ISCi.'l, HiulHPUf Hiitiin til iAirtiiiic M Mmv d. :il>i Octol'i'i. is till- si'iisciii lii'iv I'm- ciiil, i'-' Utt' I'ort-Jiiix-Hiisinics.- •■ All (l.M.|, s,.,! li-liiiiL;' iiaii'lliiH' in niiK'ty t.i twii IniiidriMl ffitlidiiis, Hvi' inil.s dUMiciv. <-•' Tlic Iwiiuiiiiii I'liiiiiiil Sdiiili Kiist Hay Int. (is M\ in tlw wiilcr tni- llMlilmt with lines .-tOD rmlioni^ lout; :ii ihr r,i(,i of tlir I 'IhusIiiinch (ilaclci • ' .S'i/(/ii„<( Isliiiiil l''.irliiiii' liiu l''i'liriiiir\ tin' ln^l iiioiitli I'olT.ul. [' SiiLjniia Ulaiiil niinys ail I'Xci'lli'iil ir|iiilal imi Inr CihI, ami till' li^lifiy lliiTi' lias al«a\> Ium'M I'sln-iinil a ^nd' niii'. ill l.s.'i? it is statrd liy llw iitticci- iif llic Kcvi'iiiir Sirvicc, tliat I'acli lislicniirii avcra;ji'il 21)0 i|iiiiitMls nf li-,li. Sa^joiia liiiil then a |iii])iilatioii nt' 2+0. Kclnuary is cuiisiilriHil tin- most ]iioiiiicti\r iiioMtli for ( 'oil tisli. Till' wiiitiT raiiirlit tisli ail' icail\ for shijiiiii Ml l.y tin- 20tli .liiin.' ' Tin- vviMi'i lislhiA for ( 'oil oi, till' Siiiitli Slioi. of Ni'wfouiiiUaii'!. so far as tlif prrind .)f tiir _\ car is coiiiTriiiil, ljoi's on siiiini.aiu'oiisly witli til" ;,'ivat wiiilrr lisluiy oil tin l.ofol. ii Mainls in Nortli Wist Kioril, Noiway Hav hi: Xomu wn \]\y n K\-i\ Wintii aid larly SiPiiii;;. M. \iiiii ii-i A.>i \ri'.Niii lOAsr. I" 'I'.ililc sliowiiiL; llic iliitcs (if Hist a|ipciiiaMr(' :iih1 ilf|iarliiri' i)f llir ( 'oil I'lolll llli' II II t li-c isl All. lltlr ('(i,|s( nl \ I'W IoiiikI- laiiil. SI It nil. N'.Mi. r 1-1 .iii-.v tl l>,-j.i|tllli- Xn. iif jlij ., Tape St. Jolin to I'.iitiidui'lST 1 . .'tO .Iniii-. . 10 Oriiilici . . . 1'-'',' I'liint l.S7,'..'.>0 •• ...!1 " ...l;!.i iK'.i.. 1H:|. ..Iruii' 11. . Wliiif Hay t 1S71 . .;J0 .'iiiir. . 1.') Aiinnsl . . . ■">(> Ciin.icia \'..i\. f 1S7:.'. , 10 •■ . .:.'() S,|,t Id:.' Cape i!oiii,'i' llai Is:.'.. :i •' .. 1 Or'nhir . . . l',>() ( l,s:i . .'.'0 •■ . .:.'.-) Srpi 07 Cni, 11,11. tl. 11.11,. iiiv. ] 1.S7.'. .1(1 ,\l, IV ...'.■.. I „U 70 ( 1.S7.). .'.'■> .lunr. . St. Aiilliony .1.S71..10 ■■ . . '.'"i Ni'pt 10:2 (iuirpoii 1.S71 . .'*5 ■• . . 1S7'.2. .;.'(! •• . . 1 Oil "lO^i l.s7;{ ..ic •' .. i;n.f i-iiAs'i' 111' .Ni:\vi(iiMii,A\ii. Talili' siiowiuj;- t!ir liatis of tlir liist app.'ar.ini-i- ar..'. dt'iiar- liiri' of till' Cum from tlir (iiilf ('oast of Newfoundland. Milt 111! Viur. Pan>l .VitImiU. Di'lmtiiir. \.i i.t St. M.ii.'ar.t's liay. .|.s7l to liiLraniaflioix IsTl' I'llli .\piil. loth Nov ..I'OO InLrarnaclioix Ill l5onii- Hav,. ls7-l -JOth M;i\, Mtll, Nov lOf liay of Islands . |n7-J 1st .May' riOth Nov 210 St. ( !,-iir_'.-s r,M\ 11 . all tif vi'Mi- ,, ,, ruiiiind (ap- llay sol III Coxsr ol \l-.wlol Mil Wll ('ml i.Miii I .111(1 t.ikfii ,11 llie vrar imind on llicSonih Co.ist : I. (',i|(t Millfr, II. .v.. II. .M.S. SIniiK l-'mliery Iti'imit, IhT:I. ■i fii;il, Ki-ikiii,., It. N. II M ,s, K,-|i|i-,. n-liiiv It.'i"ivt. IST.-i. p. !i, :l. SiithiMliiiiil I) .1, Ii.- 1. .s... .. is.-h!, 4. li.'vcnii" nllliif. Iii.|i..ri, is.-i7 iNil'l i .">. .\|i|H'ii. .\i'\vl..niii|liiiiil .1 iiiniiil lit \--ciiilil\ . Is.'iT. |iiii;i' ST'i (■ Ciiiitiiiii Itrowii, H. X, II. y. S.-/lii,fii;" |s7l Cuiaiiin I'lskiii". II \ II .\i s. • /■;,/„«,■• is7u'. M 23 STKAi'l'S OK r-KLIJ'; ISl-lv NI'.WI'nrMil.ANI) ciiAST. Tiililr -liiiwiim tlir iliil(^ III' thr lirst iini\iil inul ilr|ii\rtmv iiF (111' ('."I I'idiii till' ('mists iif till' Stniits of lirlli' isli', ■. nf 'Ijv-. ('ll|.r liallM to I'il]"' Olljnli . I,S7I . . IN?-.'. iO .llllli'. . I Ortolicl-. . lO-J I'isti.li't l!av 1H7I. . 1,S72. . ■ . io Aii,uMst. . (il ( 'n,'i- Niiiiiiiin (ill 1.S71 . . Siivii;;.-('n\i- ( 1H7"2. . S:iviiM;c ( 'iivi' 1 1X71 . . to St. I'.(\rl.i's ' IS7-J. . 10 .lillii'. ."list .lillv, . •">! I'.a.v I I.s7;i. .10 .liilv. l,.Ull!.M>oli ciUST M:\\i'i)nr kkodi-; isi.sno. " i'lie f'dd are very fjeiierailv dislrilmteil iliirinu; the cnld iveallier in tlie i')\\er water.s of (he Hav, and on the approach of warm weather, work off into deiper water outside the hay, and are there le.ss j^eneraliy caiii^ht, l)iit may he taken at all .•seasons (he vear round."' 'I'he Cod are ijener.div toiind on this coast from Much to < 'hrisimas. Naiitiiekel. — ^primj ;uid fall. .\ large school of small Cod remains in shore all the winter. (aja.st of Massaclinsetls. — March to .May. Coast of liliode Island. — .Ml (he vear round. ''■ ' (irand Manan — .Ml the winter. '•' I From ihese tahles ii a|)p 'ars to he incotitrovertlhle, Isl. That (he (.'oil is not, as has heen alleged, i migratorv lish. 2nd. I'll it it is Indigenous to the coasts where it appears regularly at ccilain periods of the \car, he those pmiods during (he winter or summer. .'Jrd. That it is captured siinulf.uic.uislv all llie vear round in Kurope and in .\meiica. Ith. Tiiat the great body of (/'oillish inliibiling American Se.is are divided into very numerous sep.irate si'hools, which are local in their habits, an stated, or «lH'tlicr it may not take placi' hi Idealities far re- iiiovcd tVom till' coast, ami l>i', in this ros|)tMl, wholly upposcd to till' views sjoiicially cntertaiiiLMl liy Hsluj incn, who have hecn so iiisti iiineiilal in ^iiidiiii; opinion and iViininL; enaelnients hearing' often, and at ditl'eivnt limes, in opposite y accident intitiiiitely associated uiih the coast line. Siieh is aitnally the rase with mi'ny of our coininer- l|t liolh are collect ilccoldlllLr I" lln'il' "UII eXp.-li.nee. mid it is geiigiiiphlc.il pusitioii, w ith M great change in eliniale, which is tlie ea'ise ,i( t!ie siTiiiiiig uilonialy, S..i, also in coiisideiiiig the \ ry i'.iipiitMiit .|U'stinn of I'ait. .-in i>\ .rwhi-hii'iig ncijnr- it\ will a\ii tli.it the < '.ipliii spawn on ih.' Iie.-iches and thai lie;, iiiii-t ha\.- s.-indy lieai'hes to spjnvil on. The stati'liieiit is. 11 1 do.il.t to :i certain xteiit tine. Imt it is eipialiy tin.' tlia.t the t 'apliii sp.iwii ni siil.iiiirin,. Lraehes. aiiil in from twenty to luTiity -s(.vrn ialliiiiiis of water, .s,,. alsn. the \\ir- ring ii|>]iro,ieh tln' coast to spawn in fioin ."i to 1 .'i t'nthnms. Imr they also spawn in 1(H) fulhonis. and |ierh;ips at nnieli greater dejitl.s The spawn of I lie llei ring adhei • s to any iiKstiiiice it toiieln-. liiit the spawn of the I'od tfuils ,i(i the smfaee of the wa'ei .■ind is drifli'd to ;iiiil fm l.\ eiiriiiils. There are inipoitant dilleienees III till' spawning of all species of lisli. and the,e diirei-eiiees h.ave the closest hearing to the lehitioii of 'iiii c.inimerei.'il tishes (.i the coa^l.il wateis. .S. , that it is ipiit.' iiiipo>sili|e for n!i\ one toe-tiaiate the true value of any sti-etch of co.isl liii' .as a lishiii,' ground or li^h iiiiisriy. unless he has inform -1 hini^.lf of what is known lespei-ling the spawning and utln'r hahits of the sjiecies iindiT discussion. Tic dillelvlici-., lietWeell the spiwil of hslles is VerV fat fliilll lieiii:: so ;.r|-,.,.,i ;i> iIj,. dilleiviiees ill ill.' iiiaiiin'r in whieli tin- i.girs, so to speak, are laid. Their siil,s,.,pieiit histoiy. whether atleiideil and eared for hy one of the |iaient tish or left to ehaiicr t peiatiii-es and escii|)e from liiirm also varies givatly. and perhaps in iioii.- of the circles nf Nature is there such as- tonishing ili\ eisjty of method MS Wi' llieel with ill tish life iiis- toiy. notwithstandiiio- the seaicity of oiiv knowledge in that tield .if .■lli|llll \ '.'7. Thi' Si'cirt.iiy to tlic l!(>y;il Sea Tislicry ( '()mini^-ii>ii ' 111- criilicMlifd ill liic iiiiniiliictoiy Chapter of lii- «"rli cm ■• Occp S-<)i- -^ars rcl.ifivc In wliit hill lii'cii nhvi-vcil willi n'!,'aiil In the spawning haliils of the ('ml. and the h itcliiii,!,' nf the -.pawn at the siirt'acc nf the ^''i. rin- lollnwiiiu; ai-p snmi' of the firls he his rc-nidi"! : •• lii IMIU he n'llaincd, hy nipiiis nf his siirfici'- iii't,— apparnitlv the sinii' kind ni' apparatus is is cnmninnlv usimI hy naturalists lor i-oUcrthii; iiiiiiiifc Ho.itiiisj forms of miriiH' life — iho ova nl ihi' roniiMoli f'nrl ((,'iii/ii.i iinrr/iicn H'lUiii,' at the siirl ui' ; rX- ainplr^ ill various sta!,'i's of disclopmi'nl wem prn;'iiri'd, tin- vniiML; Hsh hatiiied n it, and the sp.rlns idiMililicd lieynnd a (Innlit 111 ISi;.") the siine ohservations were made nn ilie nvi lA' the haddock {(linhix ii;iili-jiiii«) and it «Ms satisfacloril\ div leriniued tint ih.'V «-ent tliri)iii,'h all their stau'es nl devidop- iiieiit while llnatiie,' at the surf i e, in ilie >,:ii)e manner as had heen previonslv ascM-rlained in the ease of the ('on. M. 's,r> wriles to IIS that he "as at tirst in(line>< ISIi.") he vi-iied 'he Soialieni Co.i-r nl Norway diir- iun- the season for M.e keiel. and found id)iinilaiit fvidenee id the simi' rule oliiainiiiir in ihe imsc of that widely di.stinet Hsh. ' ;.!H. Ag.iiii : •• Kniiiely .siihversive as these discoveiies of j'l'ofessnr .Sars aic our popular iiolious ahout fi'-h ap.iwniiej;, it is even more iine.\pe.'ted In lind ihat hnlh he and M .\. W . Malm, of ( lolheiihui;;, hive indepeudiMilly aseeilained lh.it the ova (if the |il,iiei> I /'!■ n r^.i^i-lrs /,/,ilr.i.t'i \ fillow this siine rule ol (Inalinn' at the s n f.ire ; iiiid M. -^ars adds ihi' it iiii- doiihtedlv .applies also to ihe nlhei I'leiiidlie.lidie. ♦ • • * .»♦>•» l'"iu- if lh.it he the rule uith ihe spawn of the Cod aud ll.iddoek, there can hardly he a iloidit ahout its heiiij; so with the T.iui;. ("oalfish, U'hltini,'. I'ollnek, Hake and 'I'oisk ' /Lnxmius ,. all liidieiLtin^' to the s.uin' laniilv. Ag.nii. I'lirhot, llaliliut, Urill, .S.iles, ri.iiee. I>.ilis ^inil flound- ers lire all cdo-{dv allied, ,iij;reein,ij in certain olivinu^ peeiili.iri- lie^ of striicure and in i^iukumI h.ihits. It h.is heiui aseertaincil hy holh M. S.us and \!. M.dm that the ov.i ,if the pfiiic. one ol the most typie.d of llli^ i;r.m|i id' Ijshes :;o ihroiiudi iheir several slai;es of devolopnient while iloitim,' at the surl.ice ; lliere is eveiy re.isou to hcdieve therefore that the ov.i of the olhi r memheis of the finiilv are suhje.-f tii the same :'nndition^." i|i. .)1.) !-'!). Ihe hirlli pi. ire is nen ^^iillv llie s it wliere the yniiu:; li.sh tii-l isviic^ ii'diii the nviini, ntiieivvise the principle wnnld l.iil at the nul-et in ihi' c.i-e of the siilmui, and with icy'ard to ,dl those livhes nl' which the nei iiis, mi (o speik, are Ir.iu-ported thoiis.iiids of miles hy artilicial means. I'lie hirlh-piaco of the Salmon of the I'acilic ('oast, introdueed into .\tl.inlie waters, is the liver in which spawn has liceii iiilrodiiced liv the li.iud of man. where it is hatched and to whieu it is expecti'd lo return The hirthplace ol the Scottish or .\mericaii Sdmon, introduced into an Anstiiiliaii i{ivcr, i.s the .\iis!iali.in Kiviu' it.self, where the introdueed spawn is li.ilclwd. and where, exeiiiplifviiii? I'rofcsMU Haird's principle, the S.ilmon returns to hrced as soon ,is it iKiiehes iiiatnrity. 30. llcuuu, also, the ov.i of ('od, she. I on the coast ot t'.ipe I. K. W. II. ItiiMsw.irlli, l'.l,.'s.. K.Z.S,, ,im.| late S,.,aii|>ir,v I. llic 1! val Sfii I'islici'j,.,. I'liiiiiiiissi.ii. ',>« liccliiii, wliiili m;iy l)i' lanii'd liy ihi" I.alir.iil.ir rniiciil. iliniii:; it> >ixlt'i'ii '» t'iiililcoii (lays dt ilcvi'lopiiu'iil, suiiii' lliii'i' IiiiihIiimI miles til tlic >i>iitli west, has its liirlli-|ila('i' near tin: siiiillicj ii rxtri'iiiily "I Nova Scotia, anil tliitlirr the maliiiril lisli will ic- tiiiii III spawn, il till' piiiK'ipIt' imlils gimii in the lasi! iif sc 1 tisju's. 111 viliiili lIuTC ilniis imt, appear In lie a~ \cl aiiv ii'asiiii III ildiilit. lint the Kiiisiilt'iatinn of lliis -nliiiit shows liiiw inlimati'iv lileinlid with tin,' (|iirstion nt ilic irlalivi' valiif 111' liillcii'ni iiiaslal walrrs iu rclalinii to li~li lilr. ale the phvsic ol llic si'a>, llicii rniiciits ami li'mpciatnu', toncllicr with ihrii' lireiliini Ihmii pollnlinti, and Ircriliiiii iVmn ili^tniliain'c, iSrc . on wliii'li .ihnnil.iiK i' p.iiitiiy ol li>li lili' i!i pi'iiils. ;il. Ainoni; the ti^li eniinieialeil !)y Mi. llolilswoiih," ' w ho~e >pa»n is likely lo lloat nil the sintace diiiiii;; llie peiiod 111 ii» ili'M'lopnii'iil, ale : ! Cod, lla.liloik. Coalrish, Whiliii-, Poll. Ilk. U.ke and I'liisk, .ill lieliiiiiiiiij; 111 the same lainily. :.'. 'I'liiliol, Jl.dilint. Hiill. S.ilis. I'lii.e. Dali- and I'loniiilei - • i. Mai keiel. t iiii n.iriU. .ind ihe Dmy. .\niiiiii; the tisli whose spawn .iillirie- to llie linllom. or to any n'ljeit in the sea, there are : 1. ilen-in:,'. Sill. ''it, Sp.,-i,.s of (J illn<. />•'/) (-/s. \; ■ I IIK si'MVMM. ill lilt: mil, ■Vl l'.\ei\ v\ heir the impie^^iiii piexiiU , inline.; tisheimen tli.il lie Sii I'mi. Ol Cod ;;en -1 illy cm^h' in eo ist il waters, is a dili'rieiil -pi ■ le^ to the i! ui'< Cod. ; lish I iken o:i reel- and hank- III loinp iiaiiM-lv deep w iier and il a eou-idei .ilile di-- talii e II .iin. 1- well a- (•lo-e to ill • I Old. The - one opinion has iliilil leeeiilK , prev.iiled ainoiii; natnrdi-ls. hti: piev iniis to the ili-tiiii iIm' and \eiy inrere-tinu iiliser\ .itions of the I'rofessois S.ir-. Iithii and -on. the lil'e liisliii\ ot the rod had never lieeii traeeii hiini the e:;:; to the adult -paw nini,' li-h. and until I^Tn it wa- Mot really known thit the sliiiie end w.is the - nne -pi . u- iil ti-h a- the li.iik I o 1 It has lieen e-t,iMidied liy the la-l named ol llu'se irdi.-t.ikiiiL; .ind p"i-ev eriiii; nilur.di-t-. ilnl the N'oi we^'ian loi in of I lie eoil li i- uo Mi; d ir -pawiiiiii; ;;i o and, in the sense (if a deiinile .ire.i of -e.i hoil.iiil, lint that il drop, ir- spa» n 111 e in the -ea. at .i eim-idiualile disiaine from the Init'oin Till- -p ivv 11 dor- not -ink, hut u'oe- lliriiiii;li .ill iis slai(e- nf i|e\elii|lneiil sv, iminino free in the sea (|iiire ne.ir the snrlaic. l'icife--oi (i (). S,u- w IS ol iipiniiin. that he-ides the hettrr iippvl'in.itte- I'm i he iinpreijii.ili ni of llie ,.v.i, ihe Inluie -ap- ply ol Ined. w hii h iiiiu;h' he nioie e .-ily ,anil -alelv ^el■urell foi llie ymiii.: Ii-li near the e 1.1-1 Iin.. iii-linelivelv deier.iiiiied the .ip- ploaili o; llie i oil to the -lioie- uhra .ibour to -piun. I lie ,.Mjf, ,,| |!|,. ,•,„!, I],. ||.,||.,|, ll,.|lt, ,ii|i| hive a -peeitir i,'Mll!\ -o lieu lh.it ol -e.i walei ih'.l llie\ Il i it near the -uri'.e e where llie ill';,'! ee 111 -.diiiilv i n-iire- the reipii>ile deii-il\ of ihi' watei. If it -l.oiihl rail: and the -nil'aic lie liiluled, and il- speeihe oia\iiv l'--ened. llie di'lir.itelv lieiitliied e^'t; -ink- then to ll.i- denser -ir.ituni In fie-!i water llii'v sink In llir lioii.mi. Ileliie, continued lain miv have a m.iteii.d ellerl on the de- \elopinei I of the e^'i4 ol the (.'oil .i' the siiif.ice of the -e.i Ihe milt ol 'lie III il" i- d-o of le-s -p ■citi-: i^r.e, llv th in -e i water, and like the ("n^- ill ov.i il Ihiai- at the siirf.ice. '\'\\>- time ie(|uiied for Initchiiiii i- ahoiil I'l il,i\-. lint .i liirilier period of 1 1 d.iv- is Ilecess.iix hefoie the velk lia:,' is ah-oihed and the voniii; lish swims lice. :m ■• l>r|..-i.M l'l-lilli>;.' I, .11.1 ill. 1X71. 27 Siirs lids also pointed iiiit iiiiother iciii;iik;il)li' pcriiliiuily iii till' ri,',;,' (if tlio Coil, wliiili cxliiUils i\ woiidci fill lulaiitiitiim of moans to tlir cnil He >; lys " llir ^pcnnntozon of llm (Joit fisli arc oviil, oi- rallicr pear shapoil liodirs, to wliosi' pointi'd t'lid tin- tail i^ fastened. i'lie milt like the loc, is ol less speiiiie wi'i},'lit than till- sr I «;ilei and il liierefiiie iloats upon the surface as soon as ii is pomed out I'liis niav account lor the tact that male (ish diuiicj' ihc at ol spawiuic^ >;cncially swim deeper than the female ; and likewise for the lai t that l/n' iiiirni/idlf /< /fimitril ii'-(n- llii: Inwfi' /mrfi'in ,,/ llf rrff/. while with other \l-\\ whirli haxc hccM ohsorverl this onler of lliiiif^s is reversed. 'I'hi'sc eonelnsions are ot i^rcat intere-f in exhih'.tiiii; llie mode ill which impregnation may lake place in the open sea and at the snrface, and leiw ivater hiving a specitie gravity less tl'an ih it ol the eggs ami the milt m iv he extremely injniions to the re- ]jrodiictive pincess Such waters ocvor in l)ays near ih" months of large Kivers, and tln'se aie ne:-essaiilv iiiifavoiir..hle localities as (.'oil s|)iwning areas. W'lu'n therefore it is stated that (.'oil come into certain havs to spawn, uithout acliiil piO(j| resulting Irom ohservati'iii, the specific gravitv ol the water may le.id to conclusions as to whether the .is.seilion is prtdialily coriect or oiherwisc. I'hcse considcra'ioiis l.iken hv themselves do not appe.ir to h ivc an\ licaring, al the liist hinsli, upon the producli vcncss or dec line of Sea Fisheries, or upon thi'ir coininercii-l value, hiit when ipieslions aic discussed relating to the causes of such dccHiie, (IS f(U- inslaine, the elfeet of the dcstinclion ol sp iwning grounds, or the ellccl ol severe and iiu lemeiit se.isons npoii the tisheries. they point to possihle e.xpl.inations which otherwise would escape notiif. The causes which lead to great tlnetua- linns are very oliscure, \et, if it ould he shown that during the spawning period of llie cod in a given sea ansi, there h.id heen an iiniisiial fall of i.iiii. the catch, two or three years atter such spawning period would prohalilv lie small in conseipience ol the ilcsti uction of ova, which would olliei wise have supplied tln' .average ahiiiidan'-e of' tish. 'I he next succeeding year may ho very f.ivimrahle fo, die devolopini.'iit of the ov.i, and three ye.irs alter, tint citch oi.iy he correspondinglv gre.it in the se i area in iiuestion. 'I'he .Mackerel arc surface spawners, and if is no- torious that the fliictuatioiis in the c.itcli of this fish arc extreme. 'I'he nieteoiological conditions of the jireseiit voir or of two ye.iis in succession, will necessirilv alfe-'t thi' cilch two and lliree years and perhaps four \cirs hence, and it would he an illogii al com liision to stale, lliat liecanse the Mackend iishery had declined for a series of vo.irs, that the decline was permanent. .\ single favourahle suminer for the development of such lloatiiig spawn might liring the schools hack to their original slreiigth, and re- iiiperati' seas, appaiently show iiig exhinstion Hut this is not the ca.se with those ti-li whose spawn, like that of ihe Ilciiing, adheres to the hottom of the sea. If this he riilhlcssly destroyed hy thoacis of m.iii, the loss is felt, not so iniich in the destriietioii of the schools of llening, as of the fish which are dr.iwii to coastal waters to feed on the spawn 'I'hi: Cod grows rapidly, ,ind a well-grown veirling Cal is ahout a foot in length. .\s early as six moiiths Irom the egg they hegiii to go off into deep water and are found in thirty fa- tlioms, and perhaps at a nineli greater depth, hut it does not appear that up to this time ihey li.ive assumed the cli.iracter of hottom feeders. The iwn year old ami three year old (^od re- main on the Xorwegiaii co.ist all the year roiiiid, and it is not until they attain prohalily their fourth year that tliov hive their reproductive organs developed so that they are aide to inuitiplv. !i« 1 'I'hi' ililiumiiiiMr llllM^ 111 ('ml .ilmiit IS li> :!',' iiiilu's in li'iii;tli wlii. h ;nc ImIncu on llii' I.;ilii;itlnr, :iiifi (iiid anil llurd m' ir in aiio'licr MM-on llii-y "ill c lianjit' ihi-ii lial>ii~ lo a inlain cxlcnt and rici|iicnt ilii' (Oisidi' haidis, lifcoinin;; in nllnr winds liinl; < 'od, sunn' of t||..in onU , as Iicit- toloic, visiliiii; ihc coast dni-ins; llic Caplin sca-on, the otbcis ic- niainins,' oiilsnlc and iccdin;,' on the va-t solnn n inc lianks wliiidi hr ■.ir the coast line at vaiial.lc dlstama's, d'hr adnit Noi«(- i^ian ' od iitiic .d'ici iln' Niiaunini; .ca-oii i^ over, tar lioni ilic '■oa~t, and ai'' I'onnd, a- c'ordin;^ to Sirs, dining' tir- •.iiiMimi. on tlic slopes of the iiriMt villniiaiino lillU wlii. li loriii iKe eoa-lil Il 11 liei- of llie '• I'olar Deeps " Cod de,i\e their color from llie 11 line <>' tlie liolloin ihev fictliicnl, and the loo I iliey con-nino. I'hcy ~lio.\ -in^nl n in- stinct and sa^acilv ill the pnisnit of dilh-rent kind- of lo-.d at difrerent pfiiod- of the yeir, and wait, as ycailini;-, it tlie eil;;f of liieakei- lor Miimi: ci abs \\a-!ie niove- nienl- the can-M' ol ihe Mippo.' d cIomiiu' ol what is leinied ihe Spiin:; Cod Fi^herv. and alter tiie lapM- ot an inter\al of .i,'realer o'- le.s |eiii;tli, the licoiniiiii',' ol the I'all or \iitiiinn Fishen, lint «heie are lln- tuo and tlin'C \eaiold I 'od during; this in- terval li.lweeii the Sprioi,' .iiitl Fill Fisli-ry f Doiihlles^ ihey h.ive u iiideied iiilii ^oiiie well-known cliannel oi sea v.illey where -(niie certain speiio of h.h .oe approi- hin^' oi ictiiiu^ I'Oin the shore. If we knew the line wliieli draws ihr Cod awa\ Irom .: known H^hiiii; .^'I'oniid to another arei which i^ unknown, ind Ihe foe whi.h Slums il hack ai,Min, ihe ('oil mi'^'hi lie cain;hf ill all Waters v\illiiiiit ce.-ation except fioin pli\^ical can-.e^. Hut "e do not know lie- hue, and il is only h, a randul e\- ainiiialion of the stomach that wc can arrive .it ihi-- knowledge. The ividciice of the act of -p iwiiiiiL' on our coasts which » onid ,ip]iiMi lo satisfy ivcn the nio.t Miprrheial einpiiii'i, i^ the eX|)oil.ition of Cod Itoc- trolli New foundlaiid, the soillhfrn pal! ol the ( lull of St. l.iwieicc and from Nova Sc'olia. The Noi ■ ur^iin- expoi I lai^e ipianliiics ol Cod {{oe-, and no one di.- p lie. ihe fici ihil ihe t 'od sp.iwn on the coa.t o| Noiw.iy, {'he IMti.h .\ineiic.iii~ also e^ put l.iiu'e iiuantilic. ol Cod 1,'ocs, taken Ironi fi-.h c,ii|oht on in inv dilfci cut pa'ls of iheir o«n coa..t-. lichce the i onclu-ion i-. lo .ill appeaiance. iiie\ il.ihle. lint •he Cod .piwn in tlie nci'.4l i lion i hood where I hey ate lh;i^ t.ikeii, iianiel\. viiih IOCS in them. Ihil il may he iiioeil that the roe ol ihr Coll, which not uidreipicnlU ueinhs !.'() Ih-.. and some- tiiiies ciin-idei.iMy c.Nceed- thai weiohi, iei|uire> many nionlhs lo aiiive at inilniitv It may 'ijiow" slowly, and even when i\ (ish with a vhows that some wcek^, ,it least, will elapse helore the sp.iwn i- in a lit ^tile to he shed. I?iit if li~h are taken with the IOC in such a maliire condilion ihal il runs out ol the I 29 tisli, when liMinlli'il, 111- l.ikcii in ;i net, or lifted into ;i lio;it. tlic cvidiMiic is no lonLjcf liickiiiij in ;i siiiLtlc ilctiiil. Now, tisli in flii^ niatnic lonilition. in so I'ar iis tlic in;ilniitv nlilcs to till' stiilr of the Npiivn. « liicli pciinilN it to llo«- t'lccly ti'oin liic li>li, iiic liikcn cvci y \c ii' in ificat iiiMnlici-^ mi llic const ot' NrwI'oiiiiilliiiKl, mikI. iiidccil, tliroiifilionf Uiitisli Aincr- iiM.i Milters. Till' icasoii « liy tliey aie not more loinnionly cup- lured, is, doiil)tles>, due to the well knoHii l.iil lliat lisii i)vii< i- iilhf do not take tlie liiiif well, when llie\ are near tlicir spawn- ing time Anil >" stioiigly looli'd lias this iipiiiii)ii beeoiiie, that it has heen mneil as a leasiin why the use ol the hnltow is nut injiiiions lo the ('ml li-lieiies. ( )n the (illief hand, there aie niaiiy who stale I'mni their own e'iperiencc ilia. ( 'od aie IVeely taken hy tlie hnltow w!ien eloscly approachin,:; the sjjawning period, and they alleL;e tlmt the rea- son why spawniiii; Cod, or Cod ahoul to spawn, aie not taken «ith the (n-(linai-y hailed Ion;; line, is heeansr the lieaw LCiavid (eni.de will not lisc I'nnn ihe hotloin to take tin,' liait suspended a few feet ahove her, as in tin; lontj-lint' method of lishiiii;. liiil il tlie hail lies on the i;iiiiind, as in the luilluw sv-lem, the 1,'i-avid I'emales, and also the males, lirav\ ullli mill, will take llie hail. :):! In the Sii.iiis of lirlle Isle, and ninth nl the isl.uid ol the same name, the lisherinen eonstaiitly take gravid liinales. with spawn |-nnnin^-ont ol' them when lifted into the hoal, dui- iiiij the moiilli ol .\iiifiisi. liy the ariompaiivint; staleinents. fiinn dilleiciit and iiidepi'iidenl sonn-es, and (-oveiiiifj a larfje iinmher ol \eai's, these views are eonfii iiifd in a'l partieniars. It is essential to ln-.ir in mind that in eases in wliiili the hahits of animals are i (im-erned, uhelhii- inaiine or leiieslrial, the eviileiu-r of a le'.v ri'liahle peisons, who state that lliev have ohserved any iiarlienlar hnt not easily ieeos,'iiized hiiliil or ehar- ai-teiistie, must le reijariled as eonlirmalory. even uhcii opposed hy the slaleniriils of ten limes the niiniliei- of individuals, who may not have notii-ed, or had not the opiiintiiiiii v of niitii-ini;, the same hahit or eharai-teristii-. The lac-t, however, that spiwniiis;- Cod are i-inistantiv taken within the Straits of lielle Isle and annind the Island of the same name, aUo on the south roast of NeH-fonndland, and on the (iaspe eoast, ami on the Nova .Seolian eo:ist, is so well known to tisheiinen who have fished with hnltow s, or allow ed the hait lo toiii-h the lioltom. or lished with seines, that it is nniieressai-\ fiirther to allude to siii-li a eolist-.int oeiiirieiKe here. The an- thoiitit-s ,iiid e.Mraets niveii farther on will snirnieiillv estahlish this impiirlanl f.ict. It is more diUienlt, for reasons already stated, to give the pie- eise month id the year in whieh the Cod spawns in ditteiml parts of North .-\merieaii eold water seas. The Hoe must he in a (-un- ilitioii to flow I'reidy Iroiii the fish, and in the e\iilemeiit and linriy iin-ideiit to the lishinji- season, whieh those onlv who have witnessed it as pursued on a j,'raiid seale in New lnniidl.md and Dominion waters, eaii well appiei-iate, it is dillienlt to rolleit facts i)erfectly reliable withoiil ohserv.itions have heen (ariieil on for the |)nrpose. :)t. 'The I'olloH-ini;- lahles slnnv the nniiiher of harieU of Cod Rocs exported from Newfoundland since anv steps were taken to initiate a trade in this article. 'I'ahle No I. was fur- nished to the writer hy Mr. Aiihyn I'earee, of St. .lohirs New- fonnilland. who first conimenecd to make a hiisiness of collect- ing iiiul exporting the roes. 'I'ahles Nos. II. am! III. are from various ofKcial doeniiients, sliowiiii; expiirls and Imports, 90 |ml>li-licil ulliliT till' iiillmiilv o| till' (ioM-l\llM'llt Till' cxpn- ii'iiic iiii|iiiiiMl liv Mr. rr.inc in llic iirDsr-culion iiC liis liiiKineiis, ri'lulivc til till' |iiiil> (if llic \f« toiiiiillanil loiist ulili li t'nniisli till' Hoe*, i> iiitcii'>liiii,f iiiiil iiii|i(iitMiil. Ill 11 ^liiiniii'iit iiiiiili' tn llic wiitcr, .It lii> rii|iii".t. \\r. IVmik" i to ll"' tinii' lit' vein tlic ('"'I ^piiMii. all 1 can •^av iiliniit ihi- i-. llial I liavr had rc)i'> I'linii tlic ((la^t. IVmn Cipc' IJay I" I.a r<>ilc. I *oiitli cnisti, iis cailv .is Miiicli niicl a» liti' is ()cti>- licr. Knuii till' l!iii;;cii iiciKliliiiiiiln>(iil. tlic foi"* iin' K<'t alioiit .Iiini' 111(1 .ImIv, 111 Hriiiiitiiiii' l?.iy aii.l pait< of Foitiiiii' Hav. lish »ith H|iaaii in lliciii aic caii^lit in tlic «in!ci- In I'laccn- li.i I'av, wliiTc 1 ','i't my cliicf supply li-oiii. tlic iocs aic takiii as I. He as Scpicinlicr, liiit aic cliiclly taken in .Inly, 'llic lisli ciiiicn ill lliis Hav use linllovvs vi'iy niiicli anil Hsli in ilccp water, conscipieiitlv lake laiije lisli anil iiiinilicis nf sp;i\\iiinij lish, wlii.li i.r,.i.. ,,,|ly :irc loiiiul in deep «alei. Til.' lisli .aiulit .'11 the liiiiiUs otr St. Maiys, -ivr ii liir-v |,i,,|, .itioii .if iiiMili.r lish ill .liiiic aid .Inly Si. Mary s I'.iiv. 'riv|iiis,y mil' ih.' s.Mitli-i list coast to St. .lohn ^livc \civ f,'\v loc's. mill thcs,' \ci\ siniill. c\ec|il uiiiiv the Imllou is usr.l ami ill ilrcp wal. I 'I',, the iiortli-east of St. .lohn. I never ;;et iiiiy iocs I havi' seen IOCS from ('.ineelilioii I'liy on oiie .iccnsiot;. lail they weiv very siiiiill, iii.l I: ami .as loihr coast of l.al.rador, I hav.' hiiil' hairels nf m.lt lnoii^jht m. fi .,ii tic iv, lail not mic. ro ■. iiml from en |iiiries I ha\c mai|i\ I ihinh I am s»f.' iti siivilli,' tllele lire VelV feW s|lll Wllilli;' lish takill oil that const. Th.' French lishenneii on the N'ewfoiin.llaii.l shniv, from ( 'ajie .lohn, w.si I., I'... line r,;i\ lake si.awiiiiii^ lis], on llcir Imh tow-. |''r..iii )i'is..iial oh-iiAatioii aid isp.'iiriic ■ .if olheis, 1 am s.ifc in sayiiii- thai tic- cod -|iawii ..\.-^ a raiiL'.- of ciLdit months ill the yeiir. at dill'ereiit parts ,.f the M.-md. My rec sun I'ol- slatilii: this is that I liiiv,' i,e.i\.d liim full iocs c!iiiL.Iit, fro;ii I.-. Feliniiiry to Nov.nil.'r, and at Pliicentia I sftw thiitv mother lish split, the spawn run ffom seme like iplieUsilver, Whi e other- Wo'lld hear sOtnc s,.\c|e haiiilliii^' and would ll put inti coai-sc salt. Th.- liist were mar the lime of spawning.', (lie ot.hets mnnlhs oil'. This was ul.oiit lie- ,,li,|,r„. ,.f Mav I h.lVe -,-ell Ih.' sa.lle ill ;\'l;ill-l ill ollc-l riie sma!le,| -i/.'d lish thai I hiiv s ,11 with lirm -pnwii woild 111' .'ih"Ul six pound wli. 11 lak.ii oiil ..f lie u.il. r. The kll'j'.'st si/e.| ti-ll thai -.IVc s|,;l\Ml / ll.'l\.' -Mil Wei.dle'l ihlee ,|„„|'|,r-of a hlllldi.d wei-hl, Slpnuids. The lliruvsl Cod ,.» I ever saw w, i-hed TA l-^ poind- This wa- from I'la ceiitia H:i>. and the sniaHest sized i."-. I -hoi, Id say al.oiil till iini.- Th. .'iveraM-e No, I. iocs are al.oiit .■. t.i S ponids, I Km T.VTIl.N 111 I'liD lo'ls i;i"M Nl"liil Mil,.\S|i, Th, ., tal.lis w.'i, kindly furnished to ilie wrii-r hy Mr. .\nl.yii I'.'.'irce. ,,f Si. .lohns N.wf.iiin. Hand, the I'Xp.irlei - v.'.. [.■siiri. l.'Sti'l., I .s(i.-. . ISlili N I ll.ififl- .•).S(I IMil. |:!h7 Sine this prri.,d lie nnml.ei has varied from I I'OO t. 71)11 l.ariel- each vein 81 II Si I'liiii'.i \\h \lii,irrni\ lMi:J |S(it INT.-! 7i rs7f-7.-. Is? •••7(1 .Ml I cut 7!M( ■• M(Mi M.U lu.s.|iiM 1^71 \s7-2 I n7:1 ls7( lust !lli|. IL'CV l!i:i!i !l|(l Nii\ V SI nl'l \ I.S7I I'mliT iliilr. Si, M.'iivs IliiilMiur, ;S:, Mnrv> iinv S loiist. i'lili .liiiii . IN7I. ( 'fi|it. M I!. N.nt II. M. S li. |iMils MS t'liljuws: ■Till' •.ysti'iii mI' l.iiM II,. I li^liiii^. f,,|. ,.,„! iiiii-i ill my .i|iiiiii>iK l.r vi TV iiijiii-iniis, US tiicy kill I'lioiinniis i|iiiiMlih ^|iau iiiiii; tisli. Ihr s| illWll, l-i'|in'S|.|itllli' siililr l.il- llolls iif i'L,'.l;s. WMs ll|.|||lril ll|l llllll SilltiMJ. Iifiliy Cllsks tn til,. M|.,lit \|>liltcil III iTivuii'iin. .■iinl, iiiii,iiii;st ullicr iis,.s, ii is us I'tlil I'nl Sill •n s\ stilll mI' ■ l.l||t,.\v ' lisllilli; is ills stJItr.l li. I,f o,.nrl'nlly collil, .11111111 liy tlir lislliTlnrll nil tllr Sdlltll cnllsl. I«.|'ii||s,. it ili'slrnys tin' Itlnllui lish, 1 1 is a I |i'l;vi I tllflt till' lillitril I ks. ivstill;;' i,n til,' l.,i|l,ilii. illv lllkrll lp\ till- Ill'MV y lll-liviil fnillllr lisli, wllirli will nut lisr tVnIll till- linit til ll ir Sllsjiillilr.'l lliliiks III ll.lliil-lllli' lisllillM ir l''isli,.r\ I; .V ;.,/„, f, ■|i.ill nf ( 'a|itll am lais|i.\. 1 lllr yral' ISIi!l, sl||i|il ■f II. .M. S irs an iiii|Miit;iiil t'art in ri-latinii 111 thr s|iauilitli;- srasnll iif tllr i\h\ on tllr S,,|||1| Sll.ilT ,.t' Nrwfiiiiiiillainl. ami tlir iillc"vil ii l.jllrinlls I'tfiTl nl' till' lillltiiW systriii rtliii'li |,iiiiiits tlif lijiit til lir mi till' liiittmii. witliiii iTMi-li iif till' Lii.ax ill tViiialr lisli. I 'inlrr liati' I'larriilia. .liim- IC.lli." I 'a|itain I ■iiis|,.\ siiit. Wli Inail of MT\ hiryr ( 'nil, iiiiitlii T tisli. iainli-.l. and iiiiiiil Ilii'V liai llldlt Witll till' lull lAril a linat 111 i'ni|iiiry lltuw ; irlllnllst.'lltllli' witll tlir tisllrlliini llliiillt till' nsr oF tlir lillltiiw. I \Mls tiilil : lliiW it iliirs llJlllll. 1,111 iitllrl |l,.,i|ili. 11^,. il : \V|. ,|,, ti W, k .^lArial Ulllhnlis , ,| jisli || spauiinl l.y that mir tak St liaxr l„ ■n ] irr\ ,iii,.,| IV I r.illl lirlllr iMi: i;i; wh nwKs On tllr Ciaml lianks I'nl! ,,|- >|ia wiiiiir- llsh air takni si'i; MIS 111-' ni;i.i,i-; isi i'. •■!7. 'I'llr Nrwfiillllillailil (' iiiiiiiissiiuiiT fuf till' I'i'iiti rti ll' tllr Kisllrrirs fill- tllr s|| iiiirf of |.SIi+ ivci.|-i|s that nil til- 2(itll .llllv 111' Fnllllil si\ Firllrli I isllllly \l ■Is I \ lllr III ailrli.il lii'twrrii Islr llnis Wn..,] Man, I ainl (;r,.,ii Islan.l. i-lns,- t, llir liiiiiiiilary liiir lirtwrni ('aiiaila anil tlial ]iait nf tin- Lali- I. Olllriiil RhIiivih. .1. (I. Kihshi-. ■-'. l!i'|..ot i.f Ciiiiliiiii I'liisli.y. ,if II. M.S. .Wii'ic. ,111 111,. |.'i-li,.ri,.s,,| .\,. Irllll, llllll, [ 1111,1 l,;llllinl,ir f,,!' III,. V,.|IV l.HlW. Si... llU,, I', .s. |-'i-ll,M'V ('. iiiiiiii«^i,ii 1 li.'ii.iil l..r l,S7l- 3',' I'll'lnl llll'li'l tows mil N'rW riMIMillllllil jllli-Mlillii'll I t'ipllllil." illV^ till' r. "tlmt llwsr vrs>iU liml nil nl' lluni liiii."' '">'' ihciM' nf iiiw cvti'iHlin^' a ilistiiiiir nf niiK' iiiilrs ; mil I lllllt lIlC'V llllll tllkril, ll|inn Mil MMllli;. tlllVl' hlllUlK i|iiiiilin-- llllll 111 ^jiftfi U li' III IM-S lllr t \»\ II llllll r.'lllK' I iIm III. I liiiv iliniii;^ till' lllsl Wfi-k 111 .Mlllr, IIIK I ililii lilillir SllMiili illllillL.'- till' •< II' U. li-li Mini liait liulli licinn iiliiiinliiMl. tiipl. I.iirli. U.M., II M. S .|/i((/ii. Clllit. l-.irli slHtrs tliHl lilillir Siililuli Hlll- \M1 liiir is lijiirki'il lip froiii Niivriiilii r until .Imim'. ^niiii' .il nl' I! tiiiio 111 till' liilti r I'lnl 111' llllll iii'iiilli lirllr Ml- Srlliiiil> -imWII ill lllr lll-iull'" Ml- ill Aiijiii^l Mini Sipti'iiiliir. In Mr. ( 'nlt-li Vhuiil;- n-] fill- |.S."i7. ' ' till- riilliiwiiiy: |iMi-iij:rii|ili (iiTill^*: mlt Aii"U--l •_'Mli. Miiriiiiii;-. niiii\-. wiin S. l.v !v A I •-' 1 1 ri.M-|_.\. Till- iiintliii- ti>li ^WMliiiilii; Mrniliiil llii- i^liilrl lili.Mti-il uilli -iiMUii, ■ 1 lii-lii-vi- wi-i-i' llii- liMilmr iiiiiili- ^nfi- fill- liiillls In lllniir. llli-rr CiiM 111 111- iiiiiir lisli tiikin llmii in ini.v if iiiir Siiiilliiin rmy>. Fnnii tin' tirst uf -Imi'- until tin- lii^t iif Si-)iti-iiilHi- i-Mcli iiiiiii niii tiiki' fl'i'in Hill- I" I"" i|iiiiiliils ■I '1m\ « ilii ,ii,L:v''''" ll^ll III till- llrl uhlii Tlli-- -iMtl'llll'lll nliiilll tllr -\l! .f I'.l'll.- Ml- M-ll-i- iiii|i|i-li U null till' Milliliiiliiins rNiili-lirr -ivi-li liifniv llii- I '' Hiinil llullsr of Assi-iillilv in iH.'ili 1I.1-. ,,f tl .•is. Ml. .Im1.i-/. 'l'illi-\. WM~ rlll|i|nyi'i liV 111,- Ni fiiillnllMllil < liiViililiii'lit. Ill IN< ISTli. fur till- liluti-l-lii I till- ll> -i-ii-N ill till- \ i(-iiiit\ if I'li-lli- Isl,- -iMtnl 111 llii- wiiti-r tlmt. iin-iii iliim III lii^ iiu I -i'\ ,'it mil 1,1- llMll -■ i.lli--li lijii- fi'i- ^[la^vll. ill ilill'i-r,-iil yin\-<. nil iiliiii;^' ''i'' '■"ii^t- 'i"!" •'■'l" ^1 III hi ill- M,-. iliniliL;- .liilw. .Inly. Aii;.nwt. S,-|itviiil.ii ;iiil < ' li-t. Tl, llii- iif .\iii;ii-l Mini Sr|iti 111 1,1 r iil-i- tl ^liMUiiiii'.; li-li. Ill li-li uitli til, ^|iM\vii running; ma nf tln-m uln-ii ,-Miliilit, Wi-li- iim^l liilliiiii,ii>. Ml. Ti!l<-v ri,lii-iili-.s tin- il U\kv tin- In, I, I; uln-ii full of ri|ii-. or in-Mily rijin. .-^imwii. II,- ,loi-s iml Ml llllll uln-li in 1 1,- \i-i\ .-I -I ot -ipl wimi'' tln-v will I I.iil In li.-i- ofli-ii, with ill. I k. liiki-ii li-li -II iii-;ir l!i,-ir linn- llllll win-li llii-\ wi-ii- lifti-il into tin- ImMl.tli,- tln- fi-iiiiili- Mini till- mill fnnii lln- nnili- wmilil run ~|im\ mil-,; nil- fiiiiii fl-i'i-lv mil of t In-Ill ,f tl if i! On tin- noltli -iili- of tin- l-lillnl of I"!!'- M- i'l lil'' -•^(■"lits imK i.- Sinn- iiMiiii- .Mr. I iili-y iiii^ lln. Ill s.-M-ll i|llllltM II- Klin I 1, f lish i-oil, liiki-ii i n- lilt 111 iui-Im- or il.iv- ill tin- fi i|-iiii-r |ii It of Aiii'iist. Tilli-\ from tl ' tlii"< - tisli in tin- int. anil I .snw >|,muii f,,iir s Mr. iinl milt run Kmi-Ii li-li wi.iilil wi-i'Ji iilioiil Kl ,ir .'lO a< t!,''y i-Miin- out. of tin- UMli-r. Ml-. 'I'ill'y iiif,in 1 nn-. as .-,-rvMti,iii ami i-\i-il.-il lii- siii|iris a I'mi-I \v llil-ll Mil aril il llis 111, tliMt 111- oiici- i-aiiu;lit il '■"'!- li-.li, w.-i-liiliL: liol iiniii- tliMli four |,oiiliils. full of sjiawn. |iii'-lioiii-il MS to tin- sizi- if 11 li-li liiki'ii oil tin- l.ilii-ailor. Mr. Till,-y as.iin-il llial In- lias kinnvii liv.- till, taki'ii from Sainlv Is- mI lisli. wlii-li ilry. to iiiaki- a i|Uiii lainl r.Miik, li.-tui-i-ii S,-al Islaml ami Hatti-aux. mi tin- north -ill.- of r,i.i,-k ll.Mi |;m\. Tliiswmil.l iiiaki- lln- MVi-rii'.',- w,-i;,'li' of ill-- ^ii-iii li-,li to ,-.\ii'i-.i lifty |,oiiii,ls i-ai-li. ami if lln-\ wi-n- .\ II, 111 l-s.'iT r .|i \\,-i>- llll>, II ill Kiliii'- ill I ii| riijii- St. .I.iliii ilurinu tin- I'rst fk ill 'llllll lln thi' llllll .llllll- l."Mll«tll-li Will' •jiiiiili'i'..' N'l, ('iii,liii liuil ye- ■ liinili-il " rpi'il 111' llllll .Inly 7H.-*.IKii) n-h. i-i|1ihI t., .'i.-.'.VI i|iiiiil:il.-i.liinl liHi-ii li,l.,'ii siir mill' rii|iilii i-iiini- I riiiinSt. .I.iliii. Ill III t iij I. J.iiiiiial '■( Ilii'Cuiiin-il. ISii.",. |i -.'. .1.. llllll -I tin- II 11 f .\--,Mii HIS. (.Vinvfiiiiiiillilinll lilv, l--<'i7. rii«'-4.V.>. (''iiiiiiiiii,ii-i> l,.,l In- .\li-. .hill.-/ Tilli'V in 11 li-lli-r I ■ lln- inilli"! «;i ■tjmwninj,' lUli. whiiOi he iliil imt Ktntc', the wriifht wmilil Imvi Imi-ii oHMMiiU'iHlily luiiri'. Tlii' liii'jif >iy.i' of tlic Imiik niil !lt' ewts. ; it was nillcli hetter ill INTO, ami yielileil |.'iL*,414 ewt-.. .\ltlioiie-li caiii'liii ami sipiiil faileil iliiiiiie; the tishine; season, heiriiie- ami mackerel, in the shai lait. Well I'lltiflll enough to ill; the iisheiiiieii a season's return lareer than aiiv iliiriiii;- the lust tell year Ciid tisliinj,' heiiins in Ma\ on thetiaspe coast. Imt sonie- 2.-.th le same \ear times it Is I'ailier, In I.s70 it coninieiieeil at Pen April, ulMiut a month liefme the ii,sual lime. In ll the ciiil fishery liei;aii on the iTtli Apiil at the MiiLrilaleli Is- laiiils, ill hotli cases lieine- aliiiiit a month hefore the average time of the ajipeariuice of the ("ml on the I'oasts naiiieil. The ,sanie ii'rcj,fularity i.s oliserveil every when' in the (liilf, mi the 1. Ijiiiiiloii, lail. Sminili-rs, Otjpy ifc t'l 2. Villi' Sfnisioiml l'ii|it'r.-i, .Vn. ."i. jKT.'i. 84 I. II' Mini nil ti llol III' Ni'W tiilllnllllllil. Hut llli tint lliat till' I 'ml Mil' I'lMiinl III tliii |i<'i'ii>iiiiiiii i-. ill M(i\ mill .liiin' fm this |iiirl iif till' liiilr. Mini iiiii\ i'\ti'iiil iiitii •Inly in tin jiili tiiiii uililii"l ami ' illi lint laVl' III' lIl'I'SS lllllll' lIlMII t Wii lllil'lls llf till' l|IUIII- titv rnuvrlil. ami I'Vcry tiiin' it rmiii's mi tu lilii« liravily llm liliy- i>f till' ■"MJil si'iiii"- nil' 'hivi'ii a-liiii'r ami all llir li-li tl 11 Tiiii I'litiri'lv liwt,' l)i III a s|li'l'ial ' Itrpmt nll Srinilli; I 'n.lli,li Mi|i|lv>-ril In tlli' iiiiiiiinii Miiiisti'i' nf Maiiiii' mill Kislii'iic.*, linn. A. .1. Sniilli. ill l^7^. Mr. I.a\nii' statrs ilial 'mi tlir imiili slimr nf till' (iiilf mill nil till' riia.st iif l.nlirinlm . till' mil a|i|irnarlii"> till' -.I mil' \\ Inn tin' tiiiii' fm i'i'|irni|iii'limi liic< ariivi'il. lil'st aftil' lli'trili;<' all I liitri afti'i rapi'lili. wliirli rml Iriil ii|imi. lull tin' tiiiii' "if its stay nil tlir shoi'i' mill in ^Imal vMilir is \riy slmii, lint 1 M'rCllill)^ si\ Wri'lvs ami nftill tlllil' Wii'ks. ' 'I'liis |H rinil ri'fii's til what is I'alli'il tln' s|iiiiin' "'' siiniiini tisln i\ in May ami iliiiii'. '-'■' Sniiiitiini'N tiny lakr tln' Imit iiinst nailily, as fill' six yi'iils ]mst. Iiiit sniniliini's tiny lin iml diti' at all, as was till' casf ill ninsi nf till' tisliin._f placis mi ilir nniili slimr this si'iisiili." 1^7+. Il is initiwrntliy tlial tin- si asmi nf |.>7 + was till' iiinst |ii'niiinti\i' I'Vii' kimwii In tlir Niwfniimllnml lisli.i n IpiiI llir lish Will' ■■ iinni-liviivij mnl imi \\.ll I'lij. lAI'iilMAiliiN III mil l!n|> Ilin.M i.\sl'l. IS7I IS7+. 1S7.V .ll'.ll Imrii'ls. .•IN AII.AMIi rii\s|s III' NiiV A SI iiTIA. Id. ('nil Itni's WiTl' rNJinltl'll fliiln Vllllllnlllll IJUiills mnl I il|\ -I'lilnll^rll t 'nlltilirs, N'n\|l Scniia. ill I S" I In tin' lAlrlll ■•!' I!l.'2 limiiU linl al what sra^mi tin' tisli ui iv lakrn full nf I'm- il.i.'s lint a|i]ii'm' rrmn tlir l-'islni-y <'irM'i'rs |{i'|ini'ts. Ml. I I'l'li'V ii'ln ti's that ill Si.i)ti'iiil.i r. \S il , 111' saw 111 I III' 'isli Maikit lit ilalil'MN a Hank » 'ml wi'i;:liiiiy ."i.'i |l>s. It wa fi'iiiali' lish iini ill i^,>,m| cninlitimi. haviiii;' in'ar'x liiiishi'' ii'.;-. It was laki'ii nil' Halifa.\ llailmi in fmii I'athnn iti'i' "nil a liaiik In whii'li ('ml ii'smt fni' sjiiiwiiiii;.' in V i s|., ifust ami Si |iti ill I'll'. 'I'l I'st ( 'ml nf tills \'."ildlt iiitn Halifax Markit liiiiiii'^ tin' si-nsnn i.(f fs"' L'ln.l s(i 1)1. ( 1. ( iiliiiii sav.- I hi 11 ( 'ml s|iaWllill;.', nr srl'll tl spawn nil till' wali'i'. I'i'iiiali' lish is hrav ii'sl Ai lar; 1 lu- ll eiw.i|iiii^' frnni hi'l- hmly wlinli ili'ail iii _i ii'st (|imnti'.n's illirillj,' May aiiil .liiiii'. I ihi'ii't'iiri' sii|)iiiisi' tlii'V spawn ii ili'i'|> sniimliiii^s sniiii'whal 'ad-r than iniil-siiniiiii'i' . ntlmrs say latiT. |ii'iliii])s lintli arniyiits ail' I'iLiht : ami as in .stii.lvillLC tin' hi'i'l'ilii.''. wr 1 thai ihi'i'i- wrii' iwn nr iinii'i' ili-i i ,■( spawns iluiiii^' tlm Inllll v'l-ar, sn it iiiav il t nil' as ri'ifai'ils il 'I'lii' i{rv. Mr. Aiiiliinsi' stall's that tin in-slinii' I'mllish ir ilitn St. Mairaivt's l>n\' nil till' .Vtlaiilir ( 'nast nf Novil I niH'iiil li.'|.'it, |s7l. 'J. Is7.-,. .\lnl.lli-"f Mii.v (Ill-Ill- (■■ ii»l- .'(. Ili'|iiiit '111 llii' Si'H mnl HivHV Ki 'lii'iii's 111' New til llliiwi 'k, IS.-)'.'. ■I. 'rriiii^ii"li'iii "I l'i.. N.ivii >iiii lii.-liliili'.if .Niiliir..l Si'ii'iii'i'. IsiliMi; sn Scntin tiis|ui\\ii ill I IcIiiIk r Sninr .it' llir llnilk I'ml, ViTV llll'l,'!' II III I lolly lis! I II I -.i cnliir ill III I lie >||l||i> tilili' fiM' tllr M||||i' |llll|l. (1., II V^ n| II MlV. Al till' I'liliiiiiiT III till l!ji\ III' Kniiilv, iniii liiiiiiil -Mmiiiiii, ( 'ml ill-i' liik'li full .i)' iintvii III .Niiviiiiiii'i all I h All. Will iiiAnT-, 111 r\iri;ii niaiks; H .\fiiil(ir!.il. ||'|||| Ijsli III,. I'liiiinl nil' Nnlitllrkrt ill < iriiilii I iiiiil NiivriiiliiT, mill 111!' ■iii|i|iii-.i'i| til '|iinMi ilii'if at tliiii |ii'i'iiiil lilllWII mill (ii'nl';;v > ll,'lllk< |''.l u .III I A llllij .MlUfll. "' WINTKI! IISIIIM; I'ui; rii|i m;\\I'iii\iii.\\ii 1 11 ^^T 4rf. 'I'lir villi lli'lll ciillil 111' Nr\\ riillllillllllil, lirlUi'ill <'n|lr HiKi' iiiiil ( 'ii|ii' lliiy. is iliviili'il iiitii miiilv tun ii|iiiil |iinl> liv I'liillt MllV. cliwi' 111 till' isllimls llf St. I'ilTIV Mini Mii|llrlnl|, This wiili' r.\li'ht lit' niii.st liiu' it iiiinly >i.s Iniiiiliril mill's in ll'll^jtll, tllr llllX'l' IlllVs. IIH Wi'll lis till' llllMll'lliM'- |lliit'nlll|i| illli't-., ll'TllllllillL;- KinnU, «l|r|i' ill.' U.'ltl I' i> Ni'l'V i|li'|l llllll till' I'l l.l.st nt'tl'll stl'l'|i-tii. Ill I.S.'ii; .\!| I 'llllllill!j WIW ll|i|iiilll|i'.| liy llli' NrW rnUlnllllll.l (liivi'llllili'llt ti) li'|init. ill till' illti'l'i'st'i nf till' UrSi'llllr ,Si r\ irr. nil till' Wrsti'I'li |)nltiii|| --imtll slinii' lit' llii' InIhihI. Ili>ri' piirt i.s. ill iii.'iiiv |iiiiliriiliil's, M'l-y Miliial.li'. Ilr •-tiiti ~ timt "till' t'llll^t. rr.llll ( 'll|li' RllV ilnWII In Lulu;- I lllllii ilir. II ili>.tlllln' 111' iiliiiiit 200 mill's, is iinli'iili'il witli iiiiinrinii.s linilmiirs. must 111' wliicli iirr witliiii tliii'i' mill's ..i' .m.. Mimlln'r, iiU'niiliiiy slu'l- ti'T til tllilsr nllly ulln l||i' Wi'll 111'. | lln illtr. I witll tlll'lll. 'I'lli'si' ll.irl mill's HIT nf Vi'iy L;lrlll i|i'|illl nf UnliT. Ilrlll'r llli'li' is .^li'llt ilfiiiiri'i ill riiti'iili;! liny nf tlll'lll ill stni'iiiy llllll fii^iny Wi'iitlii'f. Till' iiiiiiirrniis I'liclis iii'iir til. mill iil ii ilistinin' frmn Inn. I tin' i llllli'llsi' i|limililynt fny. ril|ii.| li.li's, i-tr. nil Inu'i'llli'l' iviiili r tlii- |i,'ii't nf till' I'n.'isl miylliiim lint iii\ iliiiLi', rs|ii'i'iiilly in llir uiiitiT s.aMiii.'it uliirli liiiir till' l''i>lii'iy is lii'i'i' riiiii.-.| ..ii I'liiiinii'iii'iiiy: ill Oi'tnlu'i' mill rniitinniiiy until A|iril." Mr. ('iinniii'^- ^.'IM's iIh' fnllnwin-- i-rsiilts nf tin' t'iill mnl iti'i' ti-iii'i\ ntr tl llllllllls. nr 11 lllllll lis ni:i-t. It 111 iiil.'.l ill IS.Mi 1,1 I |..-,,:!!ll) nil.' ii'..;lltll nf til.' .'Iltil'.' i'\|l.ill> ni' till' ^lar, 'I'll.' I 'll^tnlll ll.illsr I'l'tnills >I|.1U ,'| I'liivinci' fill' tliiit yi ^'I'l'iit fiillin;; 111?' siller l.s.'iil, l.iit wlntlii'i- tins nrisi's frmn tin- I'litrirs lii'iiii;' nn\v iiiinli' In ii uii'IiIit i'\li'nl tlimi fnrnii'ilv nt St.. I, ins. nr trniii n iIitIiih' in tlir miiinnl riitcli. is imt .|iiil cli'iir. 'rill' fnll.iu iii'i ,'iii' I 111' ii'dirns f.ir llir sintinns nmiu' I.s7k IS7 Miirliniii' I'liiti ( liinltni-, Fnl'tlllll' llllll ( llllll. 1 I>;||||. giiiiil.iM'>..l i^Miiil..l^('.. 1 t.'u.hl iM'.xl. l'2,!Mi:!. li>..-)S!i . i:),2+."i . , H.ms . . ii;.,ssii . . 10..-, 10 I7.I-J0 M!.2i;7 .•t.:fj I- i:!i'7s Tntfil io.-i.:;!ii). . . .+!i.O(ii). . . .:t7,ii4;i In I.S.'ili till' fnlliiwiii'i- rstiniiit V w.'is mail if till' rati'll 111 twi'i'ii ('ai)f Iliiy mill Pniiit May, liv Mr. t' 1. .'s.iiii,. iihi.'i'Viiliiiiii .111 till' KisliiiiK lii'.iiiiiili llllll Kish ,if St. Miii'i;iiii't> lliiv, .N. .■<. 'I'riinMii'li.iii ..f tln' .\. S. ImkI. ..f .\iil. Si I'ii'ili'i'. |siM-i;ii. ■J:, .s.'.' liV|i.ii'i nf till' I'. S. I'M'ilitM'y I'.iiniiiis.si.iii, IS7I-7'.' :i. Si'i' till' lt.'|i.i|'t nf llli' C.iinlllii'.^l.illi'l' nf l'"i-ll mill l-'i^lu ■-', iMiKi' 4.'i. 4. .1. V. « hil.' I'lii'i', 1S7'.'. IsTl- li.'l. ri HI Ui'i'i. .S..I lliv li,'intf ill tlii' (iiilf uf St. Luw- Apli. In .1.1111'. ..r IKiii.lL' nf As.-ii'iiiMv, ISTI. |iiii;i' :t!i|. 40 Klltriv.l Ml t'll^tol^ lluii-v i|ll>. l():..:t!M) Si'lit III St. .loliMs. enlist wi-.!' 20,00(1 Sent to Halifnx iiiid citliiT pliic' w.tlmiit clrariiiL;- .-It Cll.tnl,, II, Mis,. ■ 20.000 ■[■,.|m1 .piiiitMls l4.v:f'.io it w.MiM !„• \i-iy intiMvstiii:: t,i kimw Imw this Imij:,' fall Mini tt iiit,i i-iitcli lit' ,-,"1 tisli wMs ilisti-iliiili'ij. Till- fact, iiiiw- I'Vcr, rcniaiiis tliat <'im1 wiiitiT mi tlir cnM-t nf Ni •.vtniiiiillainl, aiiil ai',' laki-ii tluTc iluiiiit: that scascm. ('m]iI. MmIciIhi statrs tliMt tli,' nil! Miv taki-ii nil this cnast all tlii' year ivMiiiil. ami Miv t-alll,'llt !■>■ Ilnnlv Mini lill,', nftcll ill 120 flllllnllls WMtri: " ' < Ml tllc |.')tll .lull,'. Ms stMtiil flirlllrr nil, lliMps nt' fl'i'sll ciiil lisll s|in\vii wnv si'i'ii lyiii:Mt St. Marys HMrlmr, ]ir,|iMiiiiL:' t'nr ,'\- |i,iitatinii, ,\s Mil ilhislrMliiiii 111' till' Liival ilrptli at uliii'li cml an- lakcll liv liMinl liiiis mi the smitli inast nf Ni-\vfniiiiillMii,l, tin' ivprnt nV ("apt, I'aiisli, R, N., nf H- M. S Sj,l,n,.r. |,s(l,s 111,11- limis iliMt ■•.Ifi-scy lliii'liniir lias ti'ii simill Imats iiiiplny,',! cnil lisliiii',^- ntr til,' lii'ails, ill SO tn [NO fatliniiis watiT, all tli,' year rnilli 1 :" ami Miimiiu;- tin- pkic's .-iiiiiiiiTMti'il wln-n- I'ml lisliim,' is carricil mi all tli'- year naiml, ln'siilis .l,Tsi-y llarlimir, an- limiu,' ISiiy ill lli'iiiiita<_',' Bay: I'lisli 'riii,Mi'_'li ami (livat .lir- -,'V : ll,TuiitM-v ('n\i'. llMrliiiui Hiilmi ami nil' l'nit-Mii\ |-iMsi|m's. ill !I0 In -200 I'atliniiis. Il tluis M]ip,Mrs tliat Mt iliH'i IVllI |iM||s ,lf tlm sniltll cnMst nf N.iwfnlllKllaml cml tisllilli;- js ,-M|l-i,-,l mi -.liccrssfully ilurilll,' tllr wiiitiT si'Msnii ill watiT frmii SO in 100 fatlimiis ('apt. I'miIsIi. I! .\. t.i 120 • apt. Malcnliii. 1;. N IM) t 1 2 lii " <.'apt. Kiskiiir 11 N. Ml-. 1. S. HMi-uai-il, in an nHicial l{i-]inil. ilalnl Wt Nn\,-iii- lirr, St, .Inliii. I Mi,'), nicntiniis tin- li^ln-i-iiii-ii < -iti-liiiii: cml in 140 fatlimiis \vat,-i. at I'lisli 'rin-mii.'li CiptMiii .Mill,-r.iif II. M, S, N/z-ML^, stati-s that Dii suim- part- nf till' smith i-nast ul.i-n tin- uati-r is \,Ty ,1,-,-p, a ci-r- taiii aiiimint nf i-mltish n m.-iiii all tin- year i-n,iii,l, ainl cml tlshili;^- is canii-il nil thrniijilinul lln- \\iiit,-i ; Imt tin- '^vrm mass nf tish which supjily tin- tisln-riiuii cmm- in fmni tli,- ni-.-aii. ainl appi'Mi- In ciiiH- ill stn-aiiis ni- i-i\ i-is, as il wt-r,-, nf lish. \vhi,-h Ml-.- iiim-i- m- li-ss ,1 latii- in tlnir (-mu-s,-, as iiim\ In- sen liy ihi- li-hriy n-pmls fimii tin .lill',-,,-nt piMi-,-s. ■ Jt is natinal tn siippns,- tluit tli,-y fnllnw tin- 'lait. hut snnictini,-s tin- hail i--i.irs,iit in aluiinlaiic,- w illi little nr nn i-niitish. Tin- I 11, I iiiniis iiiiantiix nf lish in tlu-si- sticaiiis m- li\,is,if ti-li, ii,,-i_\ 111 iiifi 11, ilfn in tin- siicoss nf tin- limci-ss nf iii,';,'ilie ; mil- pilot. «lin lias hail "icat cNpciicm-,- nii tin- i-nast savs that in li-tliii;.' ilnwii yniir jii;-i;-i-r ymi can nfl,-ii I',-, -I it strikiiiL; tin- lia,-k nf ti-has it nnrs ilnwn. I In Mskili:^- mil pilnl. « hn has hail ;. -i-al i-\|ii rii-:.ri- nli lln- lishi-ii,-s. u hat is till- er, at. si Mnniiint nf lish In- has kimwii mi,' iiiHii latcli in a ,lay. In- si.iii that In- has liinisi'lf, with mn- othiT iiiaii. canirht -i'l ipiinta's. anil that he "hx-s nut know of nnm- havim^- ln-i-ii i-i,r,;;lii ; this, nf i-miis,.. i- ,-\ci-plinnal suc- ,-,-.s , -, llim^- at a iimiinl pm ipiinlal. it is vmy i^nml wmk. ' '■■' I Ml tin north-. 'list -,ln ii , fi Itmii/.- HMilmiii- tn ( 'miim.Im I'lav.thc lishci:, 1,-11 s:-y ih.il, althmijrii tin- tish i-fiiiaiii iiiilil aliniit ( 'hiisliiias, liii- ui-ath.i- will imt let them tjsh iiiiich lmie,.i- than tin- lii-L-iiiiiine- nf lli-tnli,i-, ■' The pii-imls nf ■coming in ami m'iiiu nut" nf ;ln- i-ml. mi the iiortli-east kIioIi'. lis the fis|i|i|-|i|i-n lellll this, uniM 111, -Ills slniwilli,' tllllt 1, I'isliiM-v lt,'|i-i-l. i.'<7l. ir,i|it. Muli'iilin. »f ' M ,'s lliiiiii-, lo-t-at .IiT- V li^ lliiHiiiiir. il.i.v ll,-|iini- I •J. \c»l' Iliilnl l-'l-l,il.v lii'|,-ll. \>>'-'' :l II i.|. |.i:;- r'.i, 37 till' H-.li ii])pi'iii- til ri'iimiii iliHl'l'i'iit Idiirtlis nf tinir in wfilrly x'lmnitr iii'iylil mvl ils, iii'i' yivni ilsiw li.-iv. At ( 'n|ii' I{ny, tlir coil tnki'ii in .liiunmy Ii.im urll i|i\ri ii|H'i|, liMl NhKill nil-. In Ki'liniiiry, tin- ■.]■/.<■ nf tin- -|iii\vn i> ilK'ivj.sril. Iiiii it i-. -.liil luinl iimi ci'iiiii.'irt. In .M.-'ii-li. u itii ciintinni'il inrii-fiM' in >]■/.*■. it lii-^in'- tu iiri|nir<' .1 miI'Ii-i- cIku- .ict.T, ami fiixv.nds tlir lii-.t wcrU in April it inns i'!i>ily tVuni till' H>li. I!:iri !y. Ml't"! ihr lir-i \(,.,.|. in M;i,\ . ;nv i-ml takm ni'iir < ';i|ii' |{ii\ ^villi iin\ -|i:iun in lii'in, Tl.i- s.sisnn fur >|iiiH iiini;- fill- til.' s,-|i,Mi|> wliii li t'rci|nrnt tin- \ irinii \ .it llii-- nail nt ilir Ni'wfiinniUnnil enlist is 'In- la-l w^ek in A|iiil, wllili nil tllr ( 'a|li' Hivtmi sllnlv, nn| Mlill'i' llian-i\t\ nl'>, \- • ■nlx mill- nir ill.' -il I- -pawn in Aii-n-t. tin St. I'l'trr's Hank, in .May an. I .liin.'. ami ..|i s.nii, .iili,r parts ,.|' ih,. ,.\\i. ls7l-72 : ■ ( )liiri-ti,,||s hav.'l II maile til the iisi. nf wlmt is,.,i!l,.,] the trau l-iiiie. tint I in... Iiiillnw, .-le.. in eapiMi ill-' lish nf tin i-iiil finiiilv. *■ * * * .Mlliiilluh this plaetiee has e.sciteil tile allilliaiK .-Isinlls nf siilll.'. nil aienlint nf ils stippnseil i|est|l|eti\i- nilllire. it s,.,.|i|s hali|i\ pilssililr lliiil il lail he really injlirinUs. sillee it ilnes nnt take til., spau niie^ tish. ainl merely represent-. ||||. ivsiilt <<( an inei-'aseil iniiiil.er nf haml-liiies. ' It is siil,ii,ii(i.i| t|,;,t the aliiiniliiiit 1 xpiiilatinii nf eml r.ies. e.iiipleil with ihe niinierniis statements nf lis|„.riiii.ii that spaunin^cnil are taken hy tin l.iiltnw s. ■'• estahlishrs tli,. al- leualimi that tin- iisi nf the hnhnw .Ines eaptiire liie niniher lish in il.stnirtive aliiiiiilanei . ainl iles,.iviiiy- nf the c-nli.lein- iiiilinii the I '. S. ( 'nniinissiniier \ei\ justly a|ipiies t,, the net nf tiikiiiir spawniiii.' lish in the fnllnu in:;- wm-ils ; It theivfui-e Wnlll.l he I \ 11 slmlllil i\,'r\ full I'LiUII tish. nf llilv.. tn live years nM an,! upwar.l. he lifi.'il frnm ih.. sr,, after the elnse nf 1. .S'l. piiixi. Ts. f. .<. I'i.|ii.iv lti.|Mvi, isTl-T-i. 1. Si.|. iiNn c'viili'iii'i' iiililneMil ia till. H..|iMri .1' tin. I'"islii.|y C .iiiiiiisi.i,iii ir. .Ni'Wl'ouiiilliiii.l ill l.s.'iT. fJiii'iiiiil of S'wiiilil;/./ 38 ilif ^pMwiiiiiL:' -•■M^nii. in iIm' ciiiii-r .if ii -..■j|„,ii, since lllr fiilliiuilli; \ i';ir Ui' \I\-A\ lnii|< I'iMM nrw -'Mi'lMli.HI iMIllilli: ill til I'Xiic'iM' tlir fiiiiitinn Mf rrprn.liictiiin , Mm! miii|iIi' innv i- sioii will ilui'- i'\i~l f. II n iviiiwiil ^ll|||||,^ t'lmn \ liii tu \r)ii'. As iilii'iicly i'X|iliiiniMl. tlie ciisi' is .■nliicly ilitti'ii nl wlicii tlirsc Hsji mi' cjlllLrllt liet'nli' tlicy S|)liwn. nil tllf evils tluit we lllive ile|lietr.| t'.iliiiwilli;' ill llle tlilin iifsllell lllill|i_'lllless ilesline- tiiiii, |iiveis,'i\ ei|iii\iilriit 111 killini;' iiH' ,'ill tlie iniitinv liens in II fiinil yillil liefiile liny llll\e liliil tlleir ey.;s, mnl lllell exjiect- iiiLC 111 Imve tile stiiek innliiiiieil imletiniliU-. As «|.|1 niiiilit tlle fliriniT expeet In kee|l ll|l Ilis slljiply iif wlielll y.lir liV yeiir. ulliie lie ei illsll inei 1 ii|| liis M|',|i|| |esel\ ini: lliine t'lir seeil. Mini witliiiiil tile |i is^ij.ility 111' ulilainiiiL: il IVnin :iii\ .ilhir siMiree. Tlie e.ini'lllsiilll i|l-:l\V!l liy ihe ( 'illinilis-lnlier «.ill|il lie |.er- t'eetly il|stili;lli|i . even ill reliltinU |.i llleeii.l, it' it U ele 111 i| I'lir tile ellonili.lls iileil wlliell eollslitllli s i|v t'eeiiill'^ .'lllil I Ueei Ii IIL:' j;i'iimii|s. 'i'lieie iiiv, iiii iliiiilit. veiy iiiiiiiy luenlipe- in the lirmiil ti-liiiii;- eromiils nf Anierieiin Wiiteis never tmielieil li\ ii lillltiiW, mill lllese illv tile | iresi TX r, w liiell kii|i ll|i llle ^ll|l|ilv lit' tills tisli. lint it iv ill llle \ ieillily nl the enasl line wli'Te tliese s]m\vniiiL;- li-li llle liikeii. lliiii teniU In ilimiiiisli tlie nn- iiiii'l sii|i]i|y. wlieii tlle eiinniiiiiis iliiiin is c iiisiiliTeil. Il niav lie lll-e-eil lllllt every ulle Ims !1 [lerfeet lii;|ll In lilke s|ia\vnill:;- Hsil ill tlle ii]ien siii. Iieymiil tin- lliiee maiiiie mile limii, 'I'lii^ is no iliHilit true, lnu the aet nf ]ii-iiriiiini.j- Imit ean^lit mi the straml nr in eimstiil waters I'nr that |iin|inse eei-iainlx i-uiiies within tin limit- lit' a ie>lrie|i\ i' liulit wliieli has heeii enii- leil. Ill t'ael. the -ale nt liait. nl till- enlleessimi • it tlle ri^-lit In lake liait, in ena-lal water-, plaee- in ilu- hainis ,,i llm-e In whiilii the liail is siilil. nr hy wIhhm the hail is taken iiihl iiseil nil a li.iliiiu the |iiiweriif iliininishine the enaslMl lisheiies I'nr em I 111 a uieiil ext.'iil . '■' ainl )iei hap- nn iliie eiiipiiry. it niij^lit he a-eert.lilleil that the ilesllUelinll nt |h,. XeU Klielalll! em I ti-llelie-. enlllil in pail li'- lla I In tlie ll-e nt I li 1 1 1 n» - a 11 1 1 tlle tiikiiii hy these nl n:hi r mean- tA' -pauiiiiii; li-h. It appeal's frniii the tmi .jiiiii;;' slatenieiils thai the tnllnw- iiie ileiiiieiinii- may he .hawii a- In the spawiiiiii; hiiliits lit the en. I nil the Nnrt'l Alllevi all enasl. I It prnlllllily -plUll- tlirnllnllilllt e\ery ninntll nt the year. '2. 'I'wn n|- ninle >ehiinls iiiiiy s|iawn in the same ileep NeW- fniinilljiiiil Hay. nr any Hay. at iliireniit seasmis sepiirateil liy tun 111- ihlee Ui-iks. :i. 'I'lial the spawnine seasnil is ailjllsleil In tlle telnpera- Inie lit the water, aiii| that ice cnhl watif. such as exists tliiiiiii.'iiiint tlle year in the Straits ut Helle Isle, i- imi iinenii- L'eiiial til the spawnine haliils nf the .Vmeiican tnrin m the emi. Iillt ta\nrali|e tn i|. 4. That the s|).'iwilill;j- seasiPlls m-e Miljllsteil In tlle plnlialile alisellee nf llewlv fnrllleii ice. ilTespel'tl Ve nf the cnhillcss of the water. .'i. That tlie act lit spawniiie lakes place in liays luul iii- -linie eiiastal Waters, as Well as in the open sen. lint the liays ainl ena-lal water- ale instinctively freipiciiteil hy iimny -pawniii.; lish mi aeemnii nf their freeilmn frmii neean cur- rents. Hence e'eiiifraphieal ennliL:iiratimi nf the ena-t is ii 1 V, HiTli'Hii. nf lliiriti. Vi'wfiiiinilliiiiil, (ledim's uinlfr nalli Iliiit in 1874 111' liiHiu'lit friiiii r. S (•'isliiTiiieii •' tliri'i' or fniir Imrri'li uf ('■"! Hoi'»." 'I'lu'vo ran be lillle ilmilil lllllt tlii'si' s|iiiwiiiiiK lisll ni-ii. tiikeli li.v tlic liultow, ami "{ til" i|itnalilii"< s'l liiliHi ill iIim iiwuii-Knti' liv llils nii-uiis, wc ciiii turm liiil II vcr.v iiii)it>i'fi>rl iiji'n. Tliiit it iiiiHl Im oiMriiiuiis, tlii> f>iiii|iluil)li el llm {ii'Urlii'i', s.i jiiii^' iiri'Viiiiiil. iiir '111- iii'liii'i'l |ii-i)iif. ^ i)9 vrrv iiii|iiiitiiMl (■(iM-idiTjitiuii. Iiiivs iiiiii inlrts l.ciiiM fi>li iiiir- srlics. • i. Tliiit tlh' ^|in\vii tliiiit- nil (111' siirfiici' lit' till' wiitiT iliir- iiii;' ]ii(iliiili|y till' wliiili' |ii'riiiil lit' its rNisti-in-i'. tlif |HTiiHi viiryiiiy t'riiiii |i; tn 20 ilays, ni' innii'. Tlu' n|iii\vii is siiliji'ct til till' lU'tiiili uf iin'iill cillTi'lits, iiinl till' ii'Miltiiiif liiii'i'tinii of till' I'lii Ti'iits ili'ti'iiiiiiii's till- pliu'i's w lii'ii' till' --iiiiwii i■^ liali'lii'il. N. 'J'lir iisi' lit' till' liiiltiiu is ili'ciiji'illy iiii'iuiliriiil. ainl tliu conci'Nsiiiii iif tlir rii;lit to tiiUi' liait in cojistiil wiitri-s cniit'crs nil tliiisr to wlioiii till' rin'ht is coiici'ili'ii tlii' iiowcr to iiitliot LTii'iit injury ii|iiim tin' iiiiiiluctiw chnniuti'i- of tin- watoi.s in wliicli till' liiiltow is usi'il. I ^ 41 APPENDIX CHAPTER II. I. I.KTTKIl KUdM rililFKSSdll Sl>KNrl.ll V. HmiiIi hi i'.. M. S I n.l.WKI.I., I')si^., ('(iM M ISSIIJN Kit nr KiSII lllll KS. liANHnll, M (INK. I r,/../i /,../((.» /'. ('., .\,n;i„l,.i- 10, .H'-J. .Mv Dkmi Sill, -I am in iTcoi|)t ol' vnnr k'Uer. iiiliiii^ my upinidii a< tn llic pi-nli.-ilili' ciiii-'i' nl'llic r(i|iiil (liiiiiiiulinii uf llir -.iiiiiily 111' I'lind-lislKM mi the eciii«l ul' Now Ktiiilaiid. iiiiil c-pcciiillv of Miiiiic. I'lir I'^c'l. as staU'cl, iici'ch iiii i|iifl>i'|iii(al. \V(< an.' all vci-y well awarr lliat liflv uf m.irc yoars ayu. llic streams ami i'i\crs ul' New lCni.'laiMl iilviii;; inlu llii> oci'aii vvi'fo I'luMilcij. anil alimisi lilurkailcil. at iTrtiiiii soasuiis, liy llic iiiimliur.i uf sliail, salinun and aji'vvivos soi'kin!; In asi'i'iiil, I'lir llic |iiii'|iiisc iif ilc|iusiiini, llicir spawn, anil Ilia', even al'lcr ll o-c parent lisli liail I'elnrned In the urcan, llieir prnijenv .Hni'iiied'tu an ainiusi inc inccivalilc cMenl in the same luealilies. ami later in llieye.ir ilesccml'd In the sea in im- mense schuols. It was iliirini; this piM-iud thai llic deep sea lishei'ics of the euasl v> ere iilsu uf ureal exli^nt .■mil \alne. Cit(\, haihiuek. Ii.alilint. and ihe line lish nenerallv. ui pied the lishinn uruiinds eluse tu the shure, and eunlil lie eaiiL'lil I'rnm simill upen hu.its. ample Tares lieini; readily taken ttilhin a shnri dislinre uf t!.c lisliermen's alludes, withuiil the ne- iM'ssily ul' resurliii}! tu distant seas. \u\\, huwe\er, the siate uf lliiims is entirely diH'ereiil. The creclinn uf inipas..alile dams npiin (he waters itf ihe New Kni.'iaml States, and espeeiallv uf the .'^lale uf M.iiiie, lias prevented Ihe iipuiird euurse iif the anailiumiins lishes referred lu. and llieir immliers have dwindled aw.iy. until at pvcsent ihey are ahnust iinknuwn in iiian\ ulherwi~e iihkI favuralile luealilies. The fact has lieen uliserved. t()u, tli.it with Ihe ileere.ise uf these llsli there h.is lieeii .i eurrespiimlini; iliininntiuii in Ihe niinilicrs uf the end and ulher deep sea speeies near unr euasts ; lint il was mil until ipiite rceenlly llial llie relaliun- sliips lietween Ihe t>vu series uf phenuiiieiia were appreeiated as ihiiHC ul" eaiw and elleel , II iliUll. il is lielieved. can he reiliireil in aliiinilanre liy uver-tishint! willi the huuk and line, Inil c\pencnees in ICiirupe and .\nieriea euineide in the j eunlirmation uf the upiniun that nunc uf '.he melhuds nuw in viisjiie fur the eaphire ul' lish ul' the eud faniiiv (inehidint; I (lie end. hadduek. pullaek. hake, liiiit. ele ,) ean seriinislv all''rl llieir nninliM's. Kisli. tlie females uf which depusii fruiii line lu iwii milliuns uf cl'us e\ery vear, are iiu| ei^ilv exi 'rminaleii unless tliev are iii'crl'ere I willi diirinj; Ihe spawnint; H'lisiin. .and as tins takes place in the winter and in llie upen sci, (the spawn llualini; near the surface uf Ihe waler.) tlieri' | is nu pussiliiliiy uf any human interferences with the prucess. Siilj. huwever. these lish have lieciime cuinparatively very scarce uii unr cuasi, vu thai unr people arc I'lrced tu re-url tu far dislanl rcu'iuns tu uhtaiii the supply which furiiierly cuidil lie secured almiist williin sisjhl uf their hiiiiics. It i« nuw a well-estalilished fact that Ihe muiements uf Ihe lislic* uf the cud faaiily are detennined ; first, hy the search after sniiahlc places fir the depusii i}( their ei;i;s : secuicl, liy iheir ipiest of I'uuil. 'I'hiis. the cud, as a summer lish. is eiiinp-iralively little knuwn mi tin asis uf nurtherii ICiirupe : Inil as winter apiH'uaches, the sehuils henin lu mak" llieir appearance un the mirlh-westcrn coast uf Nurwav, especially around the I, illiiden Islands, arri> inji there. linally. in s.i L;real n Iiers llial the lislicrmcii are said lu dclerinnie llieir pre-ciicc liy I'celini; the sunM.liiii; leail strike un the li.icks uf the lish. Mere ihev spend scviM'al iiiuiiihs in the prucess uf reprudiietiun. the c^irs lieiiis; ilcp.isitel in .laniiary, .and the lish- ery liciiii; pruseciilcd .al the saine lime. Twcnlv-live tu tliirn lliuiisand men arc einpluvcd in this hnsincss fm- several III mills, at the end uf which the lish disappear, and Ihe lishermeii rcinrn tu their altcnitile ncciip 'liuiis as farmers and iiiecli.iiiics. The llsli are snppusei! lu move u|l' in a huily to the (ir.ind Hanks, w liieli llicv reach in early slimmer, and where they fatten up anil feed iinlii il is lime fur them tu return to the n irlh-eis'. It is hcheved that the iircat atlrac- lion to the Cud un the Hanks. cuiis|sts in jfreat part uf the immense sehonls uf lierrinsi or other wanderins; lish, that collie 111 fruiii the reyiun of Ihe l.ahradur and Newfoundland sets, anil which they I'ullmv clusc ill lu the shure. su that they are easily capliired. It is well known ihal the pre~eiirc ur alis nice of lieia'ini; dclcrinincs the ahimd.inec i)f hake and end un the (ir.iinl N .Miinaii I'isliini; Hanks, the lishes ul'ihc lirsi mcnliuneil familv liavini; a peculiar allracliun lu carnivurmis (i,h uf all kinds. 1 1 IS. huwever. llie anadrumuMs Iishe~ uf the coast which hrint; llie cud and ulher lishes uf thai family close upon f our shores. The ~e.i hcrriiii; is Init lillle known oiilside the rci;iun uf the Hay of I .imly. exceplins; in Se|ilemlier and Kctiilier. when ihcv visit the entire coisl frmii (irand ^laiian tu .Scitn.ile, fur the pnrp ise uf depusii inj; their spawn ; this act dcpeiiilin^' 11 pull iheir lindini; water snlfl •icnily c dd fir their purposes .-i cunditiuii w liicli, uf cuiirsc, ucciir- later .mil later in the seasuii in coiliu suiilh. In ill iilv spriiiL'. the alewiws I'uniicrly made their appearance on the coast. eruwdin<; alunc uiir shores, and as- ciiided the rivers in order lu depu-il iheir spawn, heini; l'..lluwei| later in llie seasuii liv the shad and s.almun. Hctnrii- iiii; when their cg^'s were laid, llicsc lish spend the siiininer alum; tl kisI; and in the cuiirse ><( a few inunlhs were j ailed liy their vuiiiif;. which .irnied iiiimeiisc schuuls in everv dircctiun. evlendini; mitwai'd. in some instances, fur manv iiiiies. It was In |iiirsnit u these and other sninmer lish. ihal the cud and other specaes relorred to. came in to the . sliuia's : lint with the deer' ise uf the furmer in iiniiiher the allracliun lieeame less and less, and the deep sea lishes h.au' , now, wc may say, alinu.i disappeared alons; the coast. It is Iherefon pcrfccllv safe lu assume thai llie impruvciiieni uf the line lishini; aluns.' the cuast uf .Maine is closely , coiinccted willi llie increase in ninnlier of alewives, shad and salmun ; and that, whatever measures are taken tu facilitate ' the resiuraliuii uf these last mentiuncd lish to ilieir pristine iihiindance. will act, in an oi]iial raliu. upon the lirst iiien- lioiied interest. The tnusl inipurlanl uf the steps in i|nesiiuii arc the pruper prutection uf these sprin;; fish, and the llivini; to them everv facility needed f.ir passint; up the streams to their urii;inal spawnin;; jjronnils ; this is to he done, of course, hv Ihe coiistriiclieii «f siiiiahle fisliwavs and ladders. The real ipiestimi at issue in regard to Ihe cuiistnictioti uf these llsliwavs is, lliercl'ure, after all, iiul whellicr salmon shall liecoine more plentiful, so that the spurtsn.aii can cap- tiiri' ihein willi the llv, ur the man uf means lie alile tu prueare a coveted delicacy in lai^e i|iiaiitilies and al muderaie evpense. This is siinplv an inciilenl ; Ihe inure impurtanl cunsideratimi is. really, whellier ihe alcwife and shad sh.all he made as .alinmlanl .as liefurc. and wlielhcr llic cud or other equally desirahlc sea lish shall he lironcht hack to our coast, so that II. V uiie whu mav he su inclined, can rcadilv capture several hundred wciL;lit in a day. 43 The valui' ul' ilic alcwil'f is imt I'lillv a|i|ii-pciiittMl In .nir <• .iiiili'v. Il is, in nmiiv ri's|iccls. siipoHor to the si-ii lii,|.. t_''iiniiiis^inner ot T'l^lieries, Banu''ir. Miiiiie \i'n;\iii\ N... II -111 \i'I'i;k ii II. Coll. fiiidit iitnfi-liiKi. I, Inn. tiiuilliiT andtiill C'liilllsh appear to le.i\e shall. n\ s i liii^', iiiul the inshore liiliks iiiuiiilei'. ani l;o liirlherout |.i-ei. A lar^''' school visits the east foa-t .it Cape Breton. W iCIieliuaii, i-oiiiitl liv Srilan, in .\pril. Cod appear to -paan all the year round, even In uinlor. SrliooU have liecn taken spaHninu' on Urovin and (;i'orm''s Hanks, in h'eliriiarv and .Maivli. iilsn III .Noveinher anil Dereinher in the liiv of ImiiiiIv an el I ike the hook "' ni'ilit. heme ihev ii'-e known lo ihi- lishrrihen as •■ niulil lisli. ' Willi the eXeepll. ii of hadd.iek.e.id Is ih,. oiiU- li-li that iswelleiired in the norlhern part of the (;iilf. CmI prefer a holloni of siom-. •iravel. or sand. e-pei;iallv where erahs and slirll~ alioiin.l. lln' season for eod. north ot the liav iles l!lial 's, is fr ahoiil .May l.iili lo Novemlier loth. In Hras il'Cr Lake. Cipi' Hrel lUo on llie iiorlli fo.i-i of .\ewloiiiidlaiid and lo Hay of Islands, rod .and herrinsr are euii«hl in winter tin •i\\ holes cnl in the lee. 'I'lii- -1.1111-1101;" eod. spoken ..1 l.v Perley, are siipp,,s,.,| |o lie iniHv Idnals wliieli have lieeii hllleii when yoiiiii; liy oilier lisli. A prejndlee sceiiis to e\i-l aloni; parts of the coast against the n>e of •• iraw Is" or hollow lines. Iml 1 have iioi heard of anv that appear lo iiic sound ar^ninenl" ai;aiiis| I'lici.i. |i Is hclicved Ivy i ly e\perieiiceil lisheriiieii thai (pianlilies of yoiiiii; cod are aiiniiidiy desiroved In drai; semes, n^cd f,.r hail near sliore. Imt il i- not ea^v to snuucsi n rcnieily for lliis stale of lliiiii;s. The c-laiii. of whi.h IVrlev s:ivs ilic cod arc parlicolarlv fond, i- (''/.-'■■'/"'•'H .si'o/i"'. llAniiocK. O'l'lii^ ,t /hjiiiiix. I, inn. liontler. .l/r/,/„.;;/,viHo„.i« .r/'.//.o(--. I.iiio.. -ip llill. .Most plenlifiil on ihc -oinh anil we-l -oa-l of N.oa .Sclia, Mid ■ 11 the wc-t c>.as| of New lirun-w ick. hul imiiiiim n throiii:hoiit the (iiilf. Tin- snecies is tak II the year round, ueiierallv in sidiools alone, hut somen s associaled w iili cod. riiev freipieni clam hanks, in from tivche lo eiohl falhoais, \ very valiiili'e ncirkel lish, and one which will la iniieh I- ire so when the Inlercoloiiiiil Haihv.iv IS opened. At Dii-hv. Si. .\ndvew's and Wesicrii Mes. ■• linnaii llad- dies" are prepared lor various markets in I'lnada and Ihc rmied Slalc. lladdo,-k- arc lakcii mii ll.c wc-l cast ..1 .New f iiinill.ind in w inter. I'lii.i.AiK. (liiiliix. liiriis: l/.nn. (innil.cr /'c/Vi '/o/'.^ c'.'A.,,„n'(ii.s. Hon. liill. Allhonnh this lish I- cmiiiuiilv calh-d "pollack" liv the li-licriiicii ol'lhe 1 lucr provinces and hy those of the riiileil^ •States. It Is not the *;u\\,- as the pollacdi of ICiir'.pe. Its pro icr naiue I- lie coal li-li and il i- conininn lo holh shores ol the Allan ic. The spc-ies is 1,,,-allv known as ll ea-siiliiiiin.' and Is of somew Imt sonlhern dislrihnlioii. Il does not appear lo rani;e farther nnrlli ilian the Hay des Chalenrs. if o far, and lias never hcen taken in the waters of the IViivini c of (jtiicliec. Tl'.e species is to isl licipenl in 1 idcwav - in .Nova Scolia and .New Hnin-wick. A- a lalilc iisli il IS pre'crred hv nianv lo cod. To llie norlh of ihe N nlli Cape of I'rince I'.dward Island no yieat l.iiMiicss i> done iiillic eiirino of p.dlocdv. Thev are. excepi lonallv. i'ai,i.diMii winier anioim cod. Tliev .arc iio| often lakcii on hanks. I.iil niostlv aloin; the shore. ' Thev sdmol like mackerel, and arc. .■aiiuht ul the surface, to which ihev are hi jjlu l.v ur..Mnil halt ' Their fond is .aid li> ci'.nsisi lari..elv of heinm;. 'Ihe livei-s of thi- species yicM ihe host ..il ; il i- used for ma- ehinerv ami in makini; leather. .Salted and drie.l pollack i. worth from SJ l.i (i^ per .piinlal." ■' • Till. M'vwviso Tivii Ml iiii: Coll IN HiMiisii Wvri.iov. 1 I lOil'l ^1 M.l VM . -' ' l."rwi.'l< iMi'Maiid Is. i -March. Diiiuli- I Ireland. Ailanlic C.ia-i.i Alarcli. W.sipi.r Miivh, IV. "Si'vwMN Co IS N..I1W1.0IVS W.vn.ns. MlllW V V . ' On ll,.. l,.illod..ii Hank dainiary lo March. In ihc Hiiiiisilal l-'i .rds .liiiiiiarv to .Mardi. I. .1. F. Whileaven. Ilepi.rt on Deep .Sea I)red^;in)( in llie (iiilf .f Si Lawrence. Is? '.'. Villi. KisliiTV (•,iiniiii"i..ii. lS.;t .".. :) (o.iisiihir l!.p..vl is7:t k 4:5 Till' lake of »|mwiiiiin li-li in .\()i'«c;;iiiM wiitiTs j, i.|i(irr «. In |s7;t. ncr less tlian :il,iiiiii liarn'N nf lim- witc uiki'ii Iroin li->h ciiiitjlil (in the (.nl'dili'ii Mimks. In ilu' .-nnir' \i:ir I t.OHT liiu'rcl- nf H.ir wrvr liiki'n fnun llir K.nii-il.il li-lu-n, iniiliiciiiir in the mi;i;i'i'i,'ii1i' llir inKiniKHH i|iiantily ol' 1.') |IK7 ImrivU ul' Kdr, wliic'li Mililal 8 anil llilnllars a liari'd. Till' laiwsl i|nanlii\ III' lioi> i>\|Mirlriirnpiii NcwIiMiiiillanii lii'lwci'ii ISii^ ami IST.'iwas l!i;i'.i Inirn'N. di' ii'^s ihan llir nviMilirlli pari III' llii' i|naMlil\ lit' ll-li i'i,'t;s i'\|iiii'li'il In- Niimmiiv in INT^t. 'I'Im' ri'lalimi ul I lif annual liilu' nl' nir In ilii- Ncir«i'(,'ian li^licrii's i« \rry iiii|iiirlaiil. ami may In' limit "nmmai'izi'il I'm- |s7H: LiillliiliMi l''i-,lii'n — Hi'niiK al llii' mill III' .lannan. iIdsch al il il ul' Marrli. t'airli 1«7.'J \i'J:J.'M. 0'»i Mi: iliudi'il iiilu : I-J.IIIIO.OIK) rurcil 111- i-li|ili~li. ilH.ntlii iiiii^.) K.iMio.dOli (Irii'il ami h|i|ll li-li. l.."iOu,O.Mi salii'il in barri'l-.. 7'l(P,0lMP t'liliMl il. 'I'li-al I'i-li ^'L'.2')lP.0(Hl 'I'lic^i' ui'lili'il :il.(H|ii liai-ivU III' liiii' anil Sii.OnO liai'ri'U nT l-ivr. TIh'V wit' caii^lil iii lli.' I'lilluu im; manmT :— Willi Xi'N |(I.7.Sl'.OiiO ll-li. Willi l.iiii"^ . lO.tiHIi.ODii ■• Willi l)iT]i N-a l.iiii-. . 7.')().0()U ■• Till a I . i!2.L'.'/0.iM)0 I'iMiii liil 111 •;:! Ijsli Hiiii Id ilir i|iiiiilal iir rv I. Ill' sliii'l,-li>li. ami L'^li In :!mi In llii- ru I , iil' i-li]i-li-.li. A I KiiMsiMi.. in I lie sanu' U'lw ilip nnmlii'i' nt' li«li tiilimi \va> i^.driii.iillO. \ iridium' l':.'.:.'."iII liani'ls nl' liver, ami I l.ii*7 liarri'U itt' nii'. Tin' |irii-i' nl' Liiliiil -ii U,i ' was H ^p'ri' ilnllar-* a liarn'l : nl' linm-.il il kni'. 9 spcrii' ilnllar- a liarrrl. Till' KivMAiiK li-liiTi™ yirlilnl I il.L'iiO.dnO ( 'nil |Uli. yii'lilinf; l'2.l()7 liarrrU nl' livrr. Imi nn rin'i. Tliis l■'l^lll'l•y lii'Liiiinini; in Ajiril. nr II ml nl Man-li. aller iIh' li^li lian' -^iiauni'il nn tin' linliiiL'M Uaiiks. a< sii|ipd.cil. Tin' l'"iimiarl\ I'isli 'rv is Id 'aliv li'r'ii ' I III" Lii I I ■ nr C'.ipliii l-'isli 'ry, li Tani ' lli' arris al nl' ili • ('ml i-* aluavs pi I'd In- -liniiK nl' Caplili nr l.nilili'. Tlr- Kinmark lisli an' -malli'r llian llii' Hank lisli. ami an' saiil In n'-rnilili' ilii' l.alirailnr lish- Tlicri' i- apparmil annld'iv lii-lwi'i-ii llir i-iimlil iiiiii iimli-r Hliii-li llii' Ijili an' laki'ii nn llii'si' ili>lanl i'i)a»li -mi ri'iiiiili' t'niin iiiii' anntlirr. Till' ili'ptli al «liii-li I 111' Niinii'frian liilii-rmi'ii srl ilirir nr s nr sink ilii'ir liail ilrpi'iiiK iipmi tin' ilcptli al «liirli iln' si'lmnU III' lisli an- In In- I'diinil. Tlu'y an' iinl. as i^i'iH'rally siippi 1 in AnuTii'a, always al llii' Imtlnni. Iiiil nt'li'ii lliial- im; iir swiminint; in mill si'a -tlial is. al larialili' ik'pllis. Tin- raiiscs iprnlialily I'miil) wlili-li imlm't' tin' lisli id si'li'rt ililViTi-iil ili'p lis al ililli'n'iil pi'rintls arr wnrlliy nt llip I'lnsr.l iiii.-^liyal inn. V. — SrvTisTirAi. .MKMdinMii \( cpn (vnmimn l'isin:iiii;s. " ' •• I III' |ii;nn's dl' llii' l'is|ii>rirs' li.'pnrl an' a vi'i'y f;n'al ilral slinri nl'lli.' rral ipiaii! ilii's i'aii!;lii I'Vrry vi'ar. a- n'l.'ani'* ('ml iiiiil Herring', all linii:;li rnmiiii; ipiili' rliisn In llii' ratrli nl' Marki'H'l. Tilt' n'asnn is ihal il is sp'rialK I'r mi lari,'i> iniimiiM'rial liniisf^. wliii-li an' ]iriiii'ipally i'\|Mii'li'r> nl lisli, llml llii- iiil'ormaliiin is };allii'n'il liy llm lisln'rii's' nllii-i'rs : llii'ii il I'limi's ihal Marki'n'l. Iii'iii'.; prinripally nlilaiin'il tiir rxpnrla'idii anil lii'lil in liaml liy lariji' il"ali'rs, is li.iiml al- iiinsl aili'ipialrly n'pn'smili'il in llii'sc ri'liinis ; m liili' a M'ry lari;i' purl inn inili'i'il nl' I In' I'lidriiimis liulk nliiiil ami In-rriin; riiiisiimi'il I'Vi'i'y yi'ar in llii' I'n'sli s'ali'. salli'il nr ilrii'il nn Ilii- rnast. ami linilini; its way In all ntlicr parls nl' tin' Dii- miiilnii lliningli llii' mi'ilinm nl' small ili'ali'i's ami inli'rmriliarii's is Icl'i nnl nl' lIn' ri'Innis. ilu' ilclicii'iicy lii'iii!; llii" nn'ad'st ulii'n' I 111' ralili I'nr liniiii' i'diisiiiiip:idii is alsn I In' i;n'a'i's!. iiann'ly I'nr llir I'mvincr nl' (^ih'Ih'i'. .Ni'M'i'llii'li'ss as (lii'si- i-i'liiriis in' i-hIIitIi'iI iimli'r a systi'iii. im-nmpli'li' Iml iininlrrriiplrilly rarriml iiild iip;'ralinii III lln' sainr inannrr. i-vitv yrar siiur l.'-d!!. llicy nlTrr a inrn'r: iil -a. mil nl' tin' ai'liial ipiaiililii s, Imt nl'lln' niniparaliM' pi'iiiliii''iM'iu'ss dt'i'arli si'asdii Iniin yi'ar In vi'ar. Tlir i|iianlilii's ram;lil ■<'■ fur :{- lliry an' i-flm-iieil. liy ili,' |-'i..ln'ri.'^' UcpnrI, an' in llirir ai,'i,'n';;ali-. I'nr lln- .Vlianlii- I'liiMiin's nt' lln' lldinininn. slmu n in I In' riilldw ins; lalilr : TABLK 1. V. ai ('nil. Ilail.ld.-k. Il.'rrin!,'s llaki' ami I'nllnrk. in (Jiiiiiials. liarn'ls. Mii-ki'n'l ill Harnls. .\\i'i'ag.' prii'is imlira'i'il liy tin' l'is||i'i'n's' Kriiirii-. 1 sli!l 1 s7o 1^71 1 s7-' ls7:i 1-^71 1 's7.') ."i:il.;ts7 .■i>L'.7:il 7iiii.!lJfi |l!l7,."ill's l.ii:!,'i,Cii'2 li:!(i.>>."i .-"-'L'.ll'.ll :fii7.-l7s 2l.'',^:('.i lisil.llllll ;tl'l.^77 ;vio,i;i r, .'il'ii. I7i'i :(lii,:{M' .vt.oll !•-'.•-' I :t L'lii.lL'i; I lll.s.-lll l(iii.ril7 li;i.7li:! iL';t.!i(!ii (ml. II ■rnii'.'s. .Mai'ki'i'i'l. g S S ;) Oil :( no In HI) ;t !io 4 07 11 ini ;! nil :i ml III Ml .| III! ;! IM 14 mi ■1 In ;i 110 ;) i'."i 4 4(1 4 1.-. !l 7(1 4 Hr> 4 1.-) In nil Till' I'xisli'iirr of cniiipli'li' slalislirs nl'thr lisli rali'li iit'iini' vi'iir. yalln'n'il tliniimii tin' n'unlar prnri'ss ot'ii ran'Tiillv laki'ii ri'iisiis ( l>70), n'nilri'ml llii'si' annual ri'pnrls availalili' I'nr ili'iliii'linu^, wliirli li.-iuu. I'urllirrmnn'. as a hIiiiIi' Imnn' dill liv lln- Traill' Wi'pnrls. ami surh Imiail lin'ans nl nimpari-nii as an' I'lirnisln'il liy lln- pn'\inus n'U-usi's. raiinni fail In I'riiiu' a M'ry iirar appmxiuialinii In I'varlnrss. Till' t'dlldw imx talili' is tin' n'siill nf cali'iilaliniis, luaili' nn siirli hasi's, ami is rduliil"nll\ i;i\i'u as i'\pn'ssiu^ tin' ■ luaiiiilii's nf till' rali'li iif tin' yoars tlii'n'in iiii'iitinnnl. Tin' iinanli' irs in lliis lalilc n'li'r In ihr I'rovim'i' nf -Vma .'^iiitia, Vi'u Hnuiswirk, I'riiirr KiUiaril Islaml, ami In lln' IVuviiici' of (^ui'li.'i' I'mm tin' iinlf up tin' riicr St. l.awn'iin'. as lio- .IS I'ninli' ill's .Mollis anil Cap Clial ; in nllii'r wnrils il ijivi's tin' n'siili nl'ihr yearly r.ih'li :A' ilir ('ml. llrrrim; :iml .Mar- kcn'l in tlni lisliiug licltls rnnri'mi'il in tin' Ti'i'aly nf Wasliiiif;!iiii. 1. ll.v .1. C. Tiii'liei Di'piily Ministfr nf ABviciiltiiro, Ottawa, .lutip, IS'ii. 44 TAUI.i; II. I V.MIV l^llilltllU ul' 'h(I. llmliliX'K. Il:ll,r ntn\ Huni'l- 111' llrlTilll."" I»lill 7:ti>.!ii'* {■"Til -Ml. .•,:.;! 1^71 !i»t i;;i 1 ^~'' l.:i7-.'-.'ii7 1^7:1 l.lii."i.> 7."4n.7Hl :(,7-'i'.'-2-' !i7o.<);i:. i'lir liL;ll^l■^ iiiiirki'il liv i\u a^irri-k an' ili.> liitini- lmm'ii Ii> iIi,. iVnsii-ii's of IM7tP 71, ufllir l> inimi iiinl nl' I |-',il«ai-il Klaiitl li'M-- till' i|iiinili(ir> 111' IMi iMiiiKht U rst nl'a Ijni' ilniwii I'l I'o'nil il"« MmiW In Cup riiiit, ll i« Id 111' iviniirki'd llni' I In' ri'liini» nl' llic I'lsjii-rir-' {•.■|iarlnii'iit |in'\iiMi« In I In' vi'iir 1^7;), d.i^iKil cimliii li«li i-iilrh 1)1' I'riiii l'',il«ai'il Ulaml : imil llial lln- i|iiaiililir.i. ii„-|iii|,.|| in llic ivliini- I'm- I77;i. I>7I iiiiil I >7 iKTniml i.f rriiin- K.n>aril Uland. lian' Ihtii iIciIiic'imI I'm- C.iil niiil llcrnnij;. M.H'k.Mvl W I. ■inn <'inii!lil i'l mn' i|iian' wi'sl nrCap •lial. In iiial-inu il|i llm liM'iii- nl'llii' ml ins. ll Iwnii.v .il I iir prnliirN nl' ill' Ulnnil li'inu' liikm a^ a nil I'nr iii.'iMiliiii; ll"' ■*"■ l.aupniiT |ini'linii nri^ui'li-i- in llic h'ish Ti.-t' i-cimmih iwil us ivn .'I'MiirMl nl' lli ili-iilalinji. Uisiili's ('ml. Iln-nni; ami M.n-kinl. llu'iv rainr iimli-r tin' purvii'W nl' iIm' Tivai.v nl' Waslniniinn, llnlihiil anil s. spiM'i I' lish as aiv iis..(l rnrliail. .\ii iil 'a siiHi.-iiMi'lv ilnliniti' nf lln- iiiiaiiiilv nl' liulilm I'lmulil aiiiimillv may li" iIitIm-.I I'l-niii llii' ipmnlilii-s ^'iM'ii in lalik' I, I'Mi-arlnd i'riiii lli.' Cmisiis nl' l>7l. lii-P-inb.'rnp • «i\vii. I.' «niil(l lie Vi-li- liirosi ■ In ll-v in I'sliiiiiUc llw ipiiinlilv nl' lisli a iiiilv ii«'.| an liii' in lisliiiii;. «lii ll 1' '^ill li' iMsily s • ni ainnilii- In iiiiinv lliiHi-anil i|iiinliils I'Vi'rv vi'ai'. '.\s In I 111. pnipnrliniiali'ipiaiililii's nl lln- s|i,.,-ii.s ul'ili,. (nl kiii.l. and. as In llir dislTiiMilinii nl' llir \aniiii« ipiaiililH- III' llii'iii and nl' llrrrinu's an. I MackiMvl a us' llm I'nm- I'rnviiici's I'np llip simr.' niu'li nl' lli.'iii .'niilriliiiSis In llir tii a! I'Uicli. iIm'V ividi'iilly \ai-v I'inin M'ar m y.iv »illiiii ri'i'iain liiiiils, luH In llii' Inni; niii. and iis an lurrai," llii' rnllnwiiii; iipiinl-liniiiiiclil nl'ipiaiiliiii's inav Im taki'M as llii' i'\|i|-i'ssi,iii nt'lli.' lirnad larl i! is iiil.'lid'd In cniivi'V. Iiiuii "Iv : Till' ipiaiilily nl' Cnd is In ill.' (piarnity nl' llaildi.k. Ilak ■ and I'lillnrk takiMi Inu'lluT (wi'li wlilrli ll is assn.ial^il ill (III' liiri'ilniiii; Tallies) as li is sn 1 . Till' prnpni'linii ill v\liirli I'lU'li |ii'nv iiii-" iniiiis in ill.' [.'fain I In'al i-a'cli iiiav li ■ slali'd as Inllim - : Knl'l'nil: (^11,-Im',- Its pn- ,Tnl. ; Nnva Snu ia .'1 1 p"r rnil ; \i'« Ri-iins a li-k 11 p ■!' I'l'ii;.: I'l-iii.'C Kduai'd Island L' I"'"' '■''"'• SI. Ill 0.11 II I III .. I i> II .1 . < ... .1. . »i V... .. v..,.« ;.. wn I, ■■< I'Miii • \>>u Ki'iiiisM ii-k I tier I'l'iii . : IS ill ill.' i.'fanil In'al i-a'cli iiiav li ■ sialnl as rnllim- : M',- Its pel' ,Tnl. ; .\nva Snu ia .'1 1 p"r I'.'nl ; \i'« Ri-iins a li-k 11 p ■!' I'l'ii;.: I'l-iii.'C Kduai'd Island L' "■'■'■''"'• Si. Ill Fill- lladdni'k. Ilaki'. and I'nlliM'k ; (^ii'li'i' -J p'i-i"iil. ; .\ma N'litia «M p t ci-m . ; N."V Itninsun'k II p.Ti'.'n.. I'i'ii Kdw aril Island I |i"i' I'l'in. Km- lli'i'niii; : (^n.'li 'i' L'l p,i',"iil.: \,n a S.'.ria 111' p 'i- i- ir . : N''a UninsiM.'k t'tp'i n ; I i' l-..l'.vari Iv illlld 4 p "1' ri-lll. . , l-ni' .\la.-k.'r.-l: (^i 1 7 pT I'i'ni . : \n>a Ni' 1 i;i sn ,, ... ,.,.„ . ; .\,.,, Hi'.iiis«-h'!> H pTc'ii'.: I'rin.':' ,.il«ai'd Islam " '•'•■■'"■ ,1. C. T.VCIIK. Dii'Aii 1MK\ I m Ai.iiirri.i Tin:, .Inn.'. lH7li. : I'rini'!' .alwai'd IslamI ,1. C. TACIIK. Dr/.nhi .,/ Ill ,^f•:lHl,•l■ I,/ A'ji-ii-'liliire. MiicU'Vi l.n:.'2 l.<.i7-.'» i.dl-' .mi:. i.;i2» ).ii;t."> I iMIll 111' I'l'illri' II Clllllllill lllr {lllll l>7."l. nil n unv i|iiiiii'|i t liiki'ii iiH a ••••' ili'iiliitii>ii. llillllt UImI "'II'Ii imiilv iii.iy ll" Hliuld III' Vl'll- 'II iiiiumir ' 111 :'iiiii> iiimiii nil'- '.'> Ill till' til :ll ■ ilic ri)l!ii« iiii; !i'K ; I in ll-.lil i):(.:.''i TitT.MS ii'.i.Dt; Vtiu'ivnatr l'.i|iiilaliMii III' till' "cvi'ial >t.i1r- liordi'i-iiiL' tlic Ailaiitii' Cia-I a" lar Siiiilli ai IViitf-vlnitiia iiii'lii'^iM' \ I .ili!-',17'< \|.L.;, ' I.'i!l.-I5« Si], iiiilt"' l'M|iulati(iti pel- Si|imi'i' Mile \KWV> \""ri"'ati' I'l'iMilatiiPii lA' \\w Hriti-li I'l'u* iiu'i'-i lidrdi'riiiL' tl»' Atlaiitii', and tin' (iiilf .if St. I.a«reii,v I .Hi;4,',il(l Afi'a -':iH'll Xi'nl'.iiiiiiilaiiil anil ilii' l.alirad.ir, i--liiiiati'(| lnO mile- liarK Cmiii tin- 'iii>l . . . . 7(.0IM» 'I'ntal aiva I'lipulatimi III' Nciiloiiiiillaiiil ami llii- Lalirailiir Tiilal I'lipiilatiiin Urili'di Anii'rii'aii .Mai'itimo IVuvinccs I'opiilatiiiii til tlio Si|imre Mile .•.\\h.li\ 170.0(111 I'.ii.'iJ.UlO 6.4 Xiiii;. Til.' i.MiiMiMiii;4 ji.iilji.ii ..)■ A|i|i.'n.li\ I-' ( liiqil'i- II. will \«- found at tlie rlosi' nf tin' l»i.t liiapttT. , 47 illAI'TKI! III. Till. II I l.'KIMI 1 I'M IMS. 44. tlhlril.uli .11 111 iIm' s,.|i Kmiiiiih in llriiMi AiiHTiriiii himI I'lm.-i! .^iiit.'* wiitiT.- ; 4."i. .Mlnnitiir.v IiKliiic'ii .•! tin' lli'iiinu ; 4ii. Kltict» "f ll».«.' Iii- 'lliii'lj'; 47, Till' -imwiiin:; .if tlii- l|..irinK ; In l> miiiii .ii wiiti'H ; In I'lii- IhI SiiilB^ wiiti'i.. ; 4n. 'I'liii winli.i' lliTiiinj !l,..lii.ry \ ; .'il, Viilu.. ..I H.^iina I'uil li. Anicrii'Hii ll-liiirniiMi ; ."iJ, KliLln'iliniiB in tin' Cal.-li ..f lli'i'iini;- - M'liiiiix ..I' lliu .>*t. IjiwiciiiM', .MiiuiliiJiMi l»liiii.|«. .V..VII .S'.illii, .Ni'M|..iin.lliinil, .■■l^llti^ll •Si'.n, .V.irwcKiiin .■< .iuh |ii.iiu- in llii.. NHiiinil lli»i.iry ..f tlif llBr- ,iiln; .'14, .>iliiiii Swi |i»|ii.fii., ; .Vi. \;i. I.'il .it' till) liiiiili'il Hi'Mi 111' 111.' riiilt'.l .SiiiD'o Ciilil \Mi(,.r .4i>ni<; .'ill. '('Ill' "t^ii'viiti'.n III' iIki l'...l in lli'lli'li .Xin.'i'i.'iiii iiiul .\'.ii'H'i';{iiiii .S'li^ ^ .'iT. IUI'it> ■il ilic ll.'iTiiiK, lliuli'y in lsi!;t. ,\\.'l llr.ii'k'* victt-i; .•.)(. .V\i'l Villu'lni l.jivjjiimii's vii'W-; .W, Hlaliniir Wiilojjri'H'* iK'.«rri|.ti.in ..I ilii. liU' ..I ih.' lUlli. lli'iTiiiK in IsTI ; I'lll. I'l .1.— .1 li. H, .Sill',' (i,.HM Tli.' Cn.l ; (11, rii.' Hi'iiiiiy. I«T7 : II'-' •H.. " Il i- Will UliiiUli lliiil ijii' |iii-.,'iir,' 111' iil.M'iii'i- ,.!' Ili'i rill;.' ili'li'i'iiiiiii's till' .'iliiiii'Nini'. ..I' linki' nii.l < '...| ..n lln' lilllllil MulllUl Ki^llilll,' linilk- lllr ti>lli-. ..f llir llr^l lllrllti..||ril t'aiiiily lliivill;,' II {...'iilini all iiirlii.li In mi iiiMi.iils |i..|i ,.|' nH kill.l'v It i.s. IlilWi'VlT. till' llliaill'illllillls tisllr> lit' till' riill.'-t « llii l| 111 ill;^' tile ( 'mi llllil i.tllil- li-lii-, iif tllilt flllllilv clii-,!' ll|i.>M iiiir siiiiiv>. Till- Sim llii lihLi' i> l.ill littlr UliiiVM I.siili' tin- iv;;iiili .if till' liny nf l'"illi.|\, I'M'ilitili;; in .Si|itriiilii r ainl I »i-. tnlii'l. «lii|i llii'\ \ i-.it till' I'liliii' c'iiM-,t trmii tiliilnl .Mnli.iii h. Si'iliiiiti', fill' till' |>lli|iii>i' 111' ili'|iiiNitiliL;- tliiii- ■~|iiiwii ; tlii'-iict ili|M'iiiliii;; ii|iiiii tlu'ir liiiiliiiL;' Wiitrr Niillicii'iiily cuM fm tli.'ir •M'. iii-riii- latiT mill 1,'itrr 111 Till' I'm-.'-'. uiii" i'\tiiii't t'l >lilti's ( 'iillllllis-;ii,iii 1 I.) |iiii|iii^i->. n niiiilitiiiii wliii'li. III' ill till- ^I'a.s'.ii ill :;iiiiiL; Siiii till' ll'tti'l a.lillV^nl li\ til.' I 'llit.il {•'i>ll .-11111 l''i'-llilii'~ til llir I '.illllllissinlli'l' lit' Kislii'lii's ill ill. Slat.' i.r .Main.' riiil.nilirN tliii'i' imiMM'tiiiit fiiL't'< ill ri'liiti.iii l.i till- llii liii^i'. ' ' l-t 'I'llr |ii'('llliiir llttl'.irtinll it |i|'.'M'lltN fill' till- ('ml Irilii' L'llil. Tl I,. y;i'iiMi'n|i||i('a| (ji^lnlitini.ii ..I II- 'luiniiU ill I'liiti'il .Stat r> wali'l's. rtlil. Itv ili'|H'liiluiin' il|iiili nilil watiis. 4tll. Till' lilllili'il iMi'llI tn Ullicll it i- I'.illMil II U.'lll'l'- ill' Il -I- nf til.' I'liiti'il .Sta Il is Iriir that liiit.'.! Stiili"< wati'iN. -Miiitii nf tli.' •"illili |iai'alli'l .if latitiiilr. aliiiiiinl witli aimtlii •tv nf 111 ill.'. I .M.'uif.'. a fii".li uatiT lii'iriny, an anaili-ni is spn-ii il III Is Is cnllsli .1 l.\ till' I'liiti'il Stalls I 'iiiiiniissiniii'i- nf Kisli anil Kislii'i'i I's as ■ 11 I many ii's|ii'i'is sii|iiiini' tn tli Iririli;;' as all articl ■if KimmI ; if aiivtl nil;.'. iimiT \ a lllalilr fi i'\|ii.rt : an. I ran 1>.' ra|iluivi| with \asi|\ Irss Innil.li', ami iiinl.i ('iri'iiiiisiaiici's, ami .'it a srasnn iiiiirli niniv r.iii\ .'iii.'iit fill' iiinsi |iris,ins .'nL:a,L;i'il in tin' l-'islii'iirs." lint tin' jiinsiiii nf till' .Mruifi- in till- wati'i-s uh.'rr it is nmsl almnilant. ami at till' si'a.snn nf tin' yrar win iv it umilil lir must ii iiilillria- ti\r is fill liiililin In I'.iiiisli .Viiii'iii'an Kisln'inn'ii iimli r tin- liiiiitiliL: riails.' nf til.' 'I'lialv nf \\'as|iin..^tnli. '-•■ i .Sit nara. .\l 1.. Ml.. Iiitrnil lll'InIA I ll,'l|il.'l I. Villi! hftliir ivfiTi'L'.l tl.. .\i.i..ii.ll,i: X... 1.. Cimini'V II. •-'. Ill l,ST4 t Miii'ki't ftliiiii'. Il'l'.' WHl'l' ll,.ll. .'Ill Iri'-h w.ii.T M.-iiiiil; -.I. I in \Vii.liiiii;l..ii ' Till' S.'ii lliTliliy ..II III.' ..ill. I llllll'l 11I1I1..11-I1 lull.' kli..\Mi .III ill.' ( '..nsfx of (!i. I'liil.'.l Siiiti's l..'\..ii.| ill.' Iiiiii|.< iK'twiTii KiiM|iiil\ in ill.' fiili nil. I Willi. 1 iiii.iilli>. is mI.iiiiiIiiiiI I'li ii|ivmii,U of tin..' tlii.iisiiii.l mill". , ,11 til.' lli'iliHli Aiiit rii'iiii < '.>ii*tN, i. ||ii. yii'iit llll'i' f..| ill. I '.111 nt r.'ltllill '..'iisiiIlK, iill.l f..|IM» ..f iUi'lf nil 111' till, '.f f.i...| vvliii'li \> ii.|iri'Ni'iil. .1 niiiiii"ll,\ l.> »ii ii^.'iii '!.'"''' nitrli ii.it II. i« fiilliiii; slimt nf nin' iiiilliiiii Imrn U It i' Inki 11 ;,'i'iir|iill\ I'li.M' 111 till' r.in>l liii.' it i-< IIk' lli't Lnit f..r tin' ' ''"I, mill it iiin\ truly I..' -.ai.l tliiit if tli. Il.ililii; «' i'- I" '" »'• iiiliiliitnl in lliili-.li Ani.'iiniii wiii.i- ilii't'...| iIsIhin, m n.iw liiirniii'ii nliiiii; till' i'iiiikI-. nii.l ..11 llir (liiiinl ItiiiikM, wiuilil lii< il.'|irivi'i| iif iiiii' liiilf iti riiiiiiiii'iriiil \nlii.' Mil.) ill.' I'lili-li h'iilii'i'ii'^ wiiiiiil ii'i'.iv I' II fiitnl l.l..«. Il v\ iiii.'i^ ill \M^i -.•IlhiU ill llii'.|ii'|. I.ii\-. .ill ill"' i">nnl' iiii.l fi'.iiii it-. Ii iliit-, il-. s|iii\Miiii^ |ii'iii..i-. till' twii ili-iini't villi. 'lii's wliii'h I'NJ'^t ill lliiti-.li Aiiii'iiriiii wiili'i'N, liiinv'^ni; it within .nir ini -li in -.iiiiii^' in tl..- full iiii.l 'Iniiiiu' ''n' "in- li'i', its lialiitiit in iiiir si'ii-. i'» n |..i-.M's>iiiii wliirli I'liiiiui 1"' iivi'i'-i'Ntinwili'il ill Miliii' mill I'Hi'rl, 'I'lu' /.hIU'h uf .l.|>lii nl wliirli it f.'i'iU .11' r.">N iliiiiii;; tl"' wiiitiT iii'.' I.i'^rinnin^; I" '"• kii..wii, till' iii_vtli> wliii'li liii\i i'ii\.'l.i|M'i| its iiiii\.iiiriil> nil' y:riiiiiliill_v liiilii; ilis|ii I'miI. iiihI il |ii.'>.'nts il>ilf iii.« ns a siiii'iiy liniiii' (Ml vvliiisi' s|iiiv. iiiii^ j.'1'niiii.N Ml'' .111 ..111' sli.ii'.s, mill wliu'.i' siniiiiii'i' wiin.li'iiii'js mi' limit. il t" tin- I'ul'l wnli'is f .1 II' si'.'is. Iliil till' lli'i'i'iliL; i siiliji'i'i III iiii..'iiitiirv nil. Mill. Ills uliirli .•i|.|i.iir lit til. tiisi l.liisli t.i mnki' it. nt lli.' lust, 11 tisli iipiHi wiii.s.' jiii'si'iii'i' I'.'jimii'.' is lint 1.1 111' pliinil f.H II L.'i'''nl mmiv vi'iii's t..i,'.'lli.'r. lln|i]iily tli.' iiiipi.'s-ii'.iis wlii.li liii\.' |ir.'Viiil- I'.l nil tliis iiii|Hii'tmit 'iilijii't Jiiv iik.'l.v I" I..' .lis|i.'ll.'.l 1.1 a liii';.'!' I'Xti'iil liy tli.' invi'stijjali.iiis .if I'l'.if.ssiir (i. n S.iis, fui- l..wini,' ii|i tl mliiT iiif.iiiiintiiiii .il.laili.il l.y .liU'i'itiil Sw.'.li^li N..iw.'L;iiiii mi. I Itiiiiisli Nmiiialisls. T'lii)" intiiri', mil, ill yi'iii'i'iil, .Mi'li'.'ri.liiL,'inil rnii.lili.ilis. ii|i]ii';ii' t.. .Ii'ti'iiiiin.' ill.' .|i'|itli lit wliirli till' Hi'irin;.' s|inwii, aiiil lli.' innriii'ss with iviiirli lli.y n|i|ii'.iiirli I., til.' slii.r.' fm- tliat |iiii|ii.s.' I'.ilt with i'.:.'iir.| I., ih.' Aiiii'iiraii S|iriii._' lli'iriiiL; ih. i'.' ti.-i'.l Ih' im fi'iii's akin 1.1 Ih.isi' whii'l. .lislinh ih.' niili.ls .if ihi' lish. riii.'li "f N.irwayainl lli.' I'liil.'.l Kiii^'.l.aii lirilish A liiaii .■^•'iis al.' i.-.'-i'iii'iiuilii'ii'il iliiriiiLi I'niii 111- li\ 111. mill- .if till' yiai'. ami il is .III Ih.' l.r kiiij; lip ..f Ih" il- ■ ihnt lli«' spiiii'^' MiTiili;; .'ip- pi.iiH'lii's 1.1 spawn ill Kill. .p.. Ill Ailmilii' S.'iis, wlii'ii' this lish is s,, iiiipniiaiil an mli'i.' ..f rniiiiin'ii .•. iIh' m'Hs "i"'' V"ry raii'ly i('i'-i'm'iiiiil..'ri'il. mi.| tli. li'iiiiii;' liv.' Inii.^'i'i' in ii'itsjili' wali'i's than mi lli.' Nni'lii A rirmi rimsls. In tin' W. -si. Ill Aclmihr wiil.r- il -.'.ks its wiiilri' ri'stinu' plan' niiii'h lailii'i- than in Kiii'.p.' mii| il is ihii^ l-s- linM. In I." .lia\>ii away \<\ ils f I liriiin' .li'iv.'ii far .'IV tlii' Imul, as ili'si'ril..'ir i.y Sar>. Tin- lliiiliiminiis in Nmili Aiiii'ii- I'liii wati'i-s ai'. small in .'Mi'in iniiip.in'.l with tllnsi' iistnlii-h- ili;,' rliali;.'i's whii'h lak.' pl.ii i' ill Klinipi'. sniiitinn"' rail-ill:;' ilii' I'litir.' iiiiii nf lar^'i' I'.imm.i'rial mi'l fisliiii'r I'niiiniiiniii.s. mill li'iiiliii;; tn ;^'i'n. rill ilislii'ss. lint iln' p.' lamii'iicy nf tlu' ll.'iriiiL'' sdinnls in lirilisli Ann'iirmi Si'ii-^. th.' rniiipar ili^i' slnllll sizi' nf til.' ■ilh.i'T. al|.| llli'il' illlifnllll ili-^trili it inn nvil- 'Mi'lll nf rnllsl lill.', L'lV an liiini"!! ii'i'l \alii I.. ..Ill' :ish. rii" ill. Ill a ilirci't r.ii'l imli i^i'.al.'i' iliaii Is .'iij.i .1 nl'WIlN' lilU lii'iilarl', wlii'ii till- niii.riin'i .if ill.' pi'nph' miil !"lativi I's nf i-at'li Siiiti' iii'i iaki'ii iiiln ninsi-li'mlinii. Nnl'- mil Sw. .l.'ii w.i'.' iriv^t M.-hiii;; rnimtri. < wli.'ii Ihili^li li/.'il man an. I. iii.l. .'.1, ll*< f!'.rils Uiii'llra was null'. \i'- ll.'iriiii: is I'.iii.'.'iii. 11 l.\ rn ili/i'^l 111 .1, ihis lish has iinl il 'I'll an nlili'i: t ri'ill;.' I'i'iiii nil ii\<'i'ii),'i' cil' lillllOIHI luiiivU In II tntiil I'l' lilllMIO liiilli'l'*, liilwii'ii llir Villi- |Ni!tiini| |n7.'I Till' lliiiiiiir (isliriv ill Urilisli Aiiii'iioiii wiiIit- i- in it-, infiiiirv. fill- «!• iniw kiiiiw wIh'Ii' In Imili fill' tlii-1 titli in tlir N\ inter iiiiiiilli- mill lidw in inki' it iii ijilliii'iit ilriilli- Tin' ti'lii|ii'iiitnri' lit' ilitliiiiit sfnitii nf uiiii r ili'trMiiiin' il- iin-itinii nil NrHl'illlllillnllij mill NnSlI Snit illll < 'nllils. Mllll t lull' ' In.-, lint ii|i|i''m In lir liny inionn wliy iiii inniiimiis winti'i li-du'iy sjinlllil llnl I"' rlinirij nil. jllsl MS n|| till' •;i'. iiiiil will iml fiii] tn tnkr miImiiiIiil.'!' nf till' |ii'i'-.i'nt 'liiiilli ill l'Jirn|ii' nwjn^ tn till' i'\|Hi'ttil \vmiiliiiiii,'x nf till' S|jiiii'.; Iji'iiinu tlii'iv. |irrliii|iH jii«t mil nf 11 mil nf till ti-lnniii'ii iin.l In ll iil-iili' '.|iiiw niiiL; ^rrnnii'l- Mllill \Tli|:^ IN'-TIM IN 111 I'll! Ill IIIIIMl. i'<. 'I'll! iii.liiii'l w liii'li ilil|ii'lx M'linnU nf lli'l'l'ill;{ tnstlirl fl'iilll tlii'irw iiiti I Imiiii- 111' it -.111111' |iinfiiiinil li;iy ni"-niiii' i|i'i'| I'liii \.'lllr\ mill III HI' InUllliK lli'i'll-lnllli 'I -|iinV llilli; i;liilUli U, i H' irawiiriU, 111 |iiii'-i|i' llii'ii >iiiiiiiii'i wmiilriini:-.. i'> iikin In tln' iniu'i'iilniy In-tinrt- nf liinl-.. mul, Ijki' llii'- wniiiliifnl kimw- li'ilyr. i- In •-I1II11' rSli'Ml till' n '-lilt nf ;,n'll\vill;; l'\|li'lirll('i' ' ' It i- iili'M'I'Ni'il miinllj; liil'iU. \\ llirll, likl' tislli'N, IlllVi' till' |iiHMi' nf I'ljiiii Inrtininliiili tliiiiiii;li II iMi'ilinni '^crv iii(,' lln'iii ii- ii iiii'mi'- 'f |iini.ni">' IJir nlij I linU. ll hi I llii'V wmnli'i' iiliniit niiii'li iimri' tliiin tlmsi' w lilrli Ihim' tin' lii'iirtit nf I'vpi'iii'iH'i' : mill till' M'siilt is lliiil iiimiy nf tlinii mi' ilrs- Ilii\ii| 1 11 'full' till' lli'\l s|ll'ill._r. mill llir till 111 I II ■ I nf (liii>i- W 1 1 it'll ri'lllin is In lln Illi'MIl- sn ^'I'l'lll lis tlllll nf lllnsi' wllil'll li'fl. N'liiiilii'i's nf yniiiii; liii'ils. In tlii'ir smitliwiiril nii'.i'nitinn, tin lint I'l' s-, till' Mi'iliti'i'i'mii'.'iii Kill stiiy in tlir smitli nf Kiii'ii|ii'. Till' sjillli' lull'. .'Il'inlilillj; In W'llllm'i'. ll|i|ilii's In tlli' Unit liWlM'il lilirl'lltinll till' \nlinL,' I'inis S(n|)|lini,' sllnll nf llir All'lir ll ';,'in|ls, In W llirll llir nlil liilils lllir I'll 1 1 ', '" I'll Nnullir-r rniimkiiiilr pri'iiliiiritii's. s ntniry tn wIlMl lllirlll IlIlM' lirrll i'\|li'l'tl'i|, illr iili>i'r\ril illlllr liln\r- iiii'iils nf ci'i'tniii tislh",, |imti('iilm'ly llir lli'iiiiii.' mnl llir ('ml, Till' ymill!,' nf llir llrl'lillL.' ■.rllni'l lni,'l'l l|r|', I'MI'i'lv l.'ninj.' Ill'lll'lv sn I'm- iillt In xrii lis lln-ir |i|nirili|nr>, mill U illtrrilli; liy llu'lll- si'lvr*. ;,'i'iii rally wlmlly npai'l frnm ll Iilrr lisii. In iiniu' nf till' ili'i'p liii\s nil (111' t'misis nf Nr\\ fninnlliiinl. till' Itiiy nf Kllllily. NiiMl Si'iilill mill (llr unit I ir in pml nf llir Stutr nf Maillr wllrlr llir iilil llrn'illj.'s wintrl', llll' llliy I'nilsiilrra lijr pnl'linll nf iiiiiiiiil (llr llsli taki'ii. Tlirv ai'r uiiilri'iii;; apart , pmlialiU in llitl'crrlll ZnlU's nf Uali'l' ill (llr ilrrp -.ra nlltsiilr, Tlli'l'l' is a I'l'llsi.;! inl' tills -.rpmatinll w r iniiy 111' nsslll'i'il, ainl wr iliscnvrl' it, prnlialily, in tlir siiii|i|r fact lliat if it wnr lint sn, tlir iii- M'trl'lltr 'iliil ill>a(iillili' rliiiiiy nf tlir llrii'ini,', nmiirly tlir < 'ml, Wnlllil llllllihilair tlir >pi'('irs, if tlir ln'ri'ilillr; lll'irillLTs wnr lint pir^rl'M'il 111 i|i'i']l Wllli'l', flnln 100 In l^OO fadlnllis, I. "Tlif ihiihihI iiM'-i'iiimits uf nuiiiy lislii's uif iiinri' ,sti'ii'il,v uiiiiIukiius to tlir iiiii^niliiiii 'if liii'ils, ,siiioi> llii'v liiki" phii'i' in liirnr limlii's mul ulti'U to i'ousii|i>mlilo ilistiiiii'i'n, mill iiniin'iliiiti'lv I'lniiii'i'ti'il witli lli« pnu'ess of re- |ii'oiliii'liiiii,'' Wiilliirii''" "111' :ii;i'ii|iliii'iil |li«lril>iitiiin rf .\iiiiiml.i," '_', lliiil. ."1. Wiilliii'c " lii.'.%'iii|iliii'iil lii-.liiliiili..ii "f ,Kiiiiiiiils.'' 50 111! iiIoiil;' till' sdiilli slmiiMil' N'V, 1' miiilliilhl t lirrv hit iiiiiiiiiifi- alilr CimI iliiriii^' tlii' wintiT sfii.son ; in tlic |iioluiiiiil Imys on tlir -Nam.' sliiiif tlii'ic nil' iiiiiunii'rulili' Hcniiij;. Hut tlw Hrr- i'iiiL( ri'sl iiiiili.^tiiilni| 111 till' cd^fr 111' the \ci\ iiml piivily iiinlif it. tlirillli.'llnlll t!ir uillliT. Jllll|M>,| willlin ■. irW nl' till' roil schllitU. Tllrsr lire tlir siJiiwillliy lulliliu, liut uli.-h' ;llv lllc youiljt lliTinntfs ' tim^i' nf tlic til-t, mtiiihI ainl i( Mia\ lie. the lllil'il Vl'MI', till' j,'ITlltil IMllllli. 1 nC wllicll ilo llol ^|lll\^ll, mill wliioli will lint lii'f.fiii til ■■|iii\\ii iiiilil tlii'V liiivi' iiltaiin'il tllfir tilil-il .11 rnllltll \i,M, Tlli>i' illr i|.illlillr^> i li>t 1 ilillli il tiii'oit^h till iiiT-111 v.illi" s. iiiit n-iiiiit.' IVuiii liiiiil. .-iinl nil tlii-M' vmilli; si-ii.inls. iiN w-11 ,i> nil tin- rli)irlill ail i ntlii'i -iiiall ti-li, tlir iMii I'l'ril, I'm- tliry an- t'liuinl in tlirir •mnarlis « ln'ii ra'li.'lil ill till' wiiiti'i. '' Till' |llVlrtirlll ti'ai'I'illi; nt' llli> la W nl' ilisi I il.lll inn Mill I Inial liii.LrnitiiHi i> t'n' |Mi'>.i'rvat,iiin <>f tiir >|iav \v ly yrniiinl-. nf iIh' nlil liiTriii^ til tlii'ii' t'lilli-t iNtiiii. illi: ru i-1' till' uinirr -iijiiily nf FiiimI for till' cimI will iliiiiiiii-.li in llm^r aira^ wlini' iln' ynii.'iji- li I'fiiii;- timl a winliT liniin'. In till- IJaltir till' luiriii;; i-- raiiL;lit in lln- winti-r uinlir tin' ii'i', at a .li'|illi Naryiiin; IV 'in tivr tn twriity f"iir fiit'imii^. \\ iili 111 !■- ^it at tlinsi' ili'ptlis. riii- i- a |inilil tn wliii'li t In' Ni'W- fllllll'lllllnl lislli'inil'II Wnl.'il lln Wi'll In ililTit tlli'if illti'lllinll. aiiil ti'--t till' i|i')itli lit wlii.'li till' lii'i'iiiiL; i- IvinLi in tluir |iin- t'niiiiil inli-i-, ainl liavs. Iiy ni'ts -,1111k (n liH'. nnt ili'plli-. Sais I111-. >,liiiwii tliHt till' yniiii;: yrailiiii;' lii'i'iiii!,' liki' tin' yniiii;: yi'ailiii;,' mil, >|i.'iiil tlirir tir-t yi-ar mar tlir i-mist. ati'l I'nlliflr^llti' llli'l'i' in lal^i -rl U. 'ril'- li^ll.'l llli'll nf Nalltllr- Uit in Ma^^ai'liu^.'ttN, liM\ r nil rrv ,i| tlial a \ir\ lai;_r. ~i Imnl nf ('mi \ i^it thai rna^i in ilii' wiiilri uliirli will nn| avi'ia^ri' iiiiTi- tlia:i a |iniini| ami a lialf 11 pii'i-r. ' 'I'Ih-m- an' |iiiili- alily yi'.lllllin; ('ml. Ill- latllil- I 'ml wllirll liaVr rllli'li'il ll]inll tlii'ir --I'diiul yi'ar. anil, liU iji,- mi- m tun y.-ar nM llriiiiiir. ■ In lint Vi'lltlll'i' Ml far ii.lt illln llir ii,-.-|i a~ tin- nl.l. r li^li ini SI'AWMMl nf IMI-: III.IIIIIM:. It will imw In ^lin.vn lliat 'li.- --|ia\\ niiii,' ;;rniin'l-- nf tin' Iirrriny ai'- % i-rv u ,i|i''y ili^ttilniti'il llii'-iiLlmiit tin- |.",n;tli nf till- !!iiti li .Viii.'rii-.iii i-n >i liiii. aii'l tlii! tin' y-i n.,' I i-iiiiii,'s linMi in ilii---' liii' '.liiii '_'■,. iiiii'K fniiii till' I ilur.il .iinl rnii^tnnt lull- wliii-li lii.ii-^-^ llii- 11,1". l\\ n aiiJ t'li- -1- \ i-:ir imI i-.i'l rlir iii-lmr.- r,.i| 1,1 ill,- i-iia^t I'll,' ^|l.'\Wlili : l.lk— |l!,'lri' at IWiiilislinr: ll'linlU nf till' \ 1-ar, 11 ihii'ly in lIu' >|i|-ini.'. nr ra.'ly >iiniiiii r aii-1 ii, tin- aii- iiiiiin In llii- |iartii'iiliir tin- .\iiii-ii -an fniiii^ nf tin In-rriri;; ail- lik 111' NniWi'Lri.'iii '■ .Spi'iii;; Hi'iiiii^ uinl tlir ■ !'» Iiii-t.'in." nr '-..1' li>li lii'i'iiii^-. wliii'li spiwii ill till' aiitiiiiiii. 'I'ln- |Miiiit .■lilll'i'' illl] HT.'li: 1. fill it ili-\i'l,,|l^ 1W,1 ili-.tilllt |Pi'l'in.|- nil ti'.i' .Vlin-liran I'.iast, iliiriii;; wliicli <'" In riiliL' lllli' fi" tin' rml i- pri'M-iH nn mil- •ilim-i's in it- siippisi- I nm-t -ittrartiNi' foriii. 'I'l i> nlilll-. n\i'|- a MM wiili' sti'l'icll nf I'l '1st lilli' ill lln' railx spiiii;;- II nili~, wlii-ii lln ii-'i'iini.' lirst i-nim- in tn ^pa«ii. ;"l 1 th' art nf spawniiK.;- appears tn il.-M-lnp an ni|,iiii- I'liaiai-- i.'iistii' nf til,' lii'iiitiL.'. wllirll fii-l iinlirali-- In tin- iiixif iiiMn i-nl lln- \( In r.-aliiiiits nf till' sp:iwii wliicli i-- sn -.triiii;^ an lit- Ir.M";. II In thi'lll a.'- fnml 'I'll,' niiiini-i.ils Ini'iil s.-li-HiU nf ln-1-riii'.', tln' ilitli'ivlit rril» a' il M I III It- 'li li if tin li-li wllirll ail' fniinl nil wiili'ly -irpar.it, 11' I'lia-i as w 'il -IS iii-ai- tiiy:i'llii'i, appi'iir In slmw tliiit •■iiiilar Viiriiiliniis mi in in .Xiiniiran wati'is as ai'r fniiinl in I'iuinp- an si'iis •-'. It-'li '.-I iif lln- I". S I'liiiiii fi.li 11:1,1 l-'i-liiTli- |.S71-T'J. Ill lillhll . 'I'.llUr Illl. Niii .>i'i.. l^T:!. .i:>-'if^: V- Ml Mi'.-li: ill llis Wnik I II ]!■ Hiiiiihj -tfiti llllll ill.' s|p||\Mlill;; ^Icilinil lliin |)llTllillV. Sdltlilllll. Ilftc 1 lirillM- visiti .1 liy 11 m'IkmiI iif HfiTiii;,'s lit tlic mil uf An^'iist nr lii-y;iii- iiiiiL; (if S"|j|ciiiliiT, is iiiit iiiily kimwii l.y tlii> sen Imviiij,'- ii isli, ii|i/ii|iii' ii|i|M:niiiii'c. I'lit iiImi t'lMiii llic stmiiL: lisiiy m- nil\ ii.liiiir. Iiiiiiic.ji.ilrly iit'l-r s|iii« liiliL; tlic InTiiliL: stavtnl nil', lllhl I'ill till- sllIM kliil ,f till I'ks till' LTiii'lliil Wiisswiii-iiiiii'j with uliiiiiiH's, (■(,(! iiii. I utliiT tisli. wliicli wimt i'\ iiliiilly ii( ti'iirli'ij liy (111' s|m\vii. ' ''■' Till' -.pnwiiiny ^.Tiniiiils nf Hi'.iiiii:;s MIT \ll'\ Mi; . Ill tiv.' til ( 'oil. MI'i' inVi'liTRtr sliMWIi I'lld'Is. Mii'l il is tliiis tliHl lli'iriii;;' mi mii rxtniiliil c'liist liiu' 1" \r\v linWi'l till lllrMll> fur llll'illi' till' < 'ml t'l llic SI mil' mil'. Mini lliis ii|i|ii'Mr> (ii III' iloiii' ill It liiriji' ili'i;iir liy ilu' stii ii;,' nil sim 11 s|iH\viiiii;,' lull'., ill ilti'il li\ llcniiiii' scl nilli,' sclliiiils v.lu'll nil llli litis iiMi'lii'iilar tliry iisi'inlpji' tli.' ( 'ii]iliM Mini Smelt, wliirli. iis siMli'.l ill 11 si'llMlali' Ml'ticii' ll.'!\il|ir I'slirrilll l-rfi'll'lli' In tin Miliji'i'l. Mtlract till' ( 'ml Mini iilli'i tisli tn tin- stimi' tliimi^'li tin .scllsn nf sill. 'II. till' ('miiIIii illlil .SliH'lt rlllittillj; illll'iln.' till' si n Mill nf li'jil'n lllctiilll M stl'illl;,' mlnlir i)f tin' C'UOUIlllicr. Ill'f 111'.' lil'nci ill'' tn ri't'i-r In snlM. I'ciiliarr. i.'s 111 till' .NiiIimmI llistn|'\ lit' llii' ili'l'lili!; 1 11 '11 I'll If; lljlnll its iiii|iiii'tMliri' In till' Nnrlll .\lll.'rirMil h'isllrri: , .rclll'I'Mllx-. it Wnlll.l li'i M'lvis- il.l.' In .'illii'li- l.ri.'tK ... tin- fill inWilly slllij.'l'ts spa \\ mil .1 ll ri.i' Willi, T Kisl, iilitisll .Vllll'I'i ('Mil WMti'l'S. ll. Till' SiH'iiiL.'' ami Aiiliiiiili I'" H'l, Til ills nf its ii'i.'ii'li 1.1 tin cnast. "illi. Til" I'Nti'iil nf till' ll.'ii'iiiL;' Kisln lies ill liritisli .\iii 'lll'Mll WMlils lltli. Til.' valiii' .if III liail 1.1 I II' -Xiiii'llrMli Kis!, 'i ll Till' (liii'tiiMliiiii ill ill. I'Mti'li Til.' spawn .if tl. II. 1 \ tiling witli uliirli it I'liiin i irili'.; aillnTi's in liiiiiiis ami mas 11 nnlilai't. It is. Irli.isltl'il lit \. I rim IS ill'] it I IS nil till' I lilt 1 1 111! .if till' Si 'a, linpi-s ilrau ii tlimiiiili III I' in; s]iM',\ii. .11' iii'ii'ly lyiiiLi mill' win r.' it is i|i'|.nsit,'.| 1..'- lliicklv ami imifni'iiiU I'.uit.'.l as to fi'sninlili' caM - I'l'i'l.. that nil till' :if)tll AULTIIst, I.S."i(t, wlli'll nil tin I' WKKK IN M'HII.. MAY Til IKi: KITII .MM-.. Ill tllr liilV nl' ( 'lllllllir, I'ort l>llMil'l • 'aM'll | II. I ill , liiillllNrll- tiii-1' mill ' 'inii'liiii. iiir iiciti'i! Ill(•lllilil■^ ii-> liiiiiiii; >]i;iwiiiMi,' friuiiiiiK. llririiiL; ;i|i|ii','ii' I'iiriy in tln' ^|p^ill:; mi liir Muitli >liiiiv nf tllr t illlf, lit ScVi'll {.-.illlliU. N;itfislii|iiiiii, Ki';.'iisiirii Hlnl Hrtiij- nri'. " 'I'lifV Iriivi' till' sliiiri' ill .liiin' iiinl ii-ii|i|ii-iii in Aiiyiist nil till' ui">li'iii imil nl' till' Niilf enlist, mill >jriii|iiiill_v iatir tilWIIIlU lirli.- Ulr. whiiv tiliV ,l|l|iilll lllinllt tllr lil-t Wirk ill Sl'jltl'lllliiT ' mm;ii\i.in isi.anii> i'i.i;AsAsr v.w m;\v iiiiiN^wirK siihuk Hillill;; s|lll\Vll nil tllr wllnji- ill>tilll sllnlr nt' Ni'VV Hllllls- wii'k. iiiniiiiil MiM Isjiiiiil, iiinl uiiliiii llir liny nf ( 'Imliiir I'liliy. IM!l, 'I'll.' Mist, nr S|iiiii^ lln liiii;, ii|il"in ns smiii ilv till' I st tVilli;-!- nt' iri' !rll\i'>. iilinlll llir Iiiiiliiji' .if A|illl. llrciiiiliny til till' i-lllirili-ti'r nt' llir M-ii-nii 'I'Ih' Minii.l. ni Knll Hciriiiy ii|i|i('m' nlioiit tln' idtli Aiil;iis| Tin if iiri'. licsiilo tllcsr, liirlll scllniils. slcli ll~; till- MiM'nll Hi'llilli;, wllicll rilllli' ill lit tllr I'lnl n( .lull.' nil I liKillill III! tllr >i-ll>nll 'I'lli-- llrllillij is siiitili mill t'lit. mill is rmi!,'lit in mi iiirli miil n i|iiiii In- nrt. nt ffnlll }, il llliir tn H) lllilrs i'lnlil slinir, 'I'llrV Illr ijistillll finlll tllr .SMriim II. TiiiiLi' I'rilry. i;\\ III' risiiv, TIr- I'iiil.y ll.ii'iiiL;' .-iiiii.-.-.r in Aiiiiii|.nlis Hnsin iil..iUt tlir I..L;iiiiiiiiu' nt' A|.iii mi. I sjiiiwii 111... Ill til.' I ■: ..f Miiy, \U tlir L'dlll nt' tllllt llinlltll tllry IlllVr ill ^.'llrlill Irt'l tllr Ullsill l,',iiinl Mil, 1, 1,1. Siiiilliirii //ill. /--. Inly, AuL.ni-*t ami |imt nl' Sr|i|.-nil..T. /<.'>■;„ ,,, M;„.is .Inn.- XiAvini vni.wh N.iiiiii IC\sr Aii.wTi. i'..\sr. Ml Miillllrl I 'mini s|j|i,-s llljll lis „..,n lis ill,' irr llln\rs iiH'tlir 'hni-i' ill till' .liti'rrmt ii..rtlii'iii Kays in s|iriii;.'. tin- li.i- fili;~ iiir siiir tn siiik.- in t.. spnun. ' mnl tlirv \ jsii tli,- smnr liallinlir rn\.' ..I rmk rilrll sillsnll t'nl tllllt |.lll|lnsr 'I'll.y m-r ^rriiriiilly ill il piinr riiiiilitinii ami nt' tlir smnr si/r 'I'lny ai. .•■aii.^rlil in si'in.'s, licniii;;' nrts, rast m- iliji in-ts. iiiiil Im;;.' .|iimititirs m a tiiiir In- alniir iir.'\.'iils til. Ill t'l'.iii li. ill;.' Iiikrii r.".;iilmly .'V.'iy \.'m, Al |i \t\ Sl'VWMMI (Jk.hmi. ^ 1 I will 1.1 VSI , MIX \ .. nl I \. Sppli iiilii'i iliil Otolirl. •• rili'V .l|ipi.i.ii|i till' Novii Sciit'il Slnnc rally in Maicli, at tiist very sliayijliiiu anil veiv lean 1 liiivc iin silt seen spawn fisli in Max. I'tir lishci inrn till iiu- llirv tiliil Minn 'it all srasoil^. • • • iniiiiii; tlir 'attri put lit August tlirv lie ill t. / piiiiic, ami pii^paiiti^ t.) spawn — «liir|i iipciiitidii takes plair in Si^ptctiilicr .iiid Ortnlii'i ." •' Tlir va' lulls saiiiK loM's anil laiiil-liirkril liavs alimit Sainlnn. K.is- ti'in I'iissai,'!'. Slii'|l)iirii(' ami I'lospHit, air lavoiitr rrsoits. in iVnni livr to till lallliillls. Ilrlc tlir tisli may lir srrll lyillLT lipiill tlic liiittnlil in tliniisanils. Tliry iiia\ lir iiicasiiicil liy tlir ai'I'C. I lie sra is >t hitr anil liirlijil uilli tlir spawn, anil ropes, in pass- iti;; tliioiii,'li it, hcroiiir as laitlr as small liawsris. riicCnil ami Ills Viiiic'irs appioarli ti) I'crd iipnii it, wliili (piantitips air cast iipnii flit' lira, lirs nl tlir •■ca " / ■2. I>r lli'iiiiii.t liilpiM Trail-. .N"v. ."if.. Iii-t IHtill, 58 IMIKl) .-IM I KS WMKKS. From Knstpiiit to Soituaie (Miin,-, — S(.|)tciiiliiT and Oc tohei'. -IH—WINTKi; lli;itl{lN(i MSIIKRY. NKW l-n\ Ill.AMI. Hay of Islands — Midill,. Arm und I luiidicr Siiimd — i;,,,! „f Oitobor to Miuvli. and in May iind June. In aiilnnin and winter taken in nets )i\ and tlucc iiuli mcsli, put ilown ill iiolcs and ilraiiis cut tlironyh llir !■ c at dillcicnf parts oT tile IImhiIht Scund. ' ' 111 IHliJ, diii-i ig OrtolHT and \o\ciidicr. tlicic wirr takiii '" 1'"''^ <>90() bills Aiitiinin H>hin,i; 111 Jan., I'Y'li. & Mdi, lilTOO •• Wint : In May list;."). I .. . .'illOO " in Mines Suniiiin' Total ;}(>5()() •• Kxpoils of riniint; in 18()S OO.OOO bids. K\(il,isii IIakkoi — In 1,S(,1, :,'4.'H)S, liaiicls „C Ilciiin.Ks wiMc taken from Fortune Iia\. In iMIo, I:.',()()l) haiieU lio/en !leriin<ef l'lia|ilei .>u Hail. 54 < 'm\sT 111 Nci\ \ Si iiTI \. Diiritii; llif pr^^I ten \fais ilii' rislu-riiii'ii in the iU'it;lil)OMr- lidoii 111 lliililiix Hiiil MiiifjiiK'lV \h\ liuM- liiki'ii VN'iiilci llcr- I'iiiy on llii' slniii'* in finiM loiii In »i\ t'.illioiio "iili-r. hi »oimc pliio llii'x line, it is >l.ilcil. It'll tlirir in'iii-loinrii wliilrr i|il.ii- Icis iliiriiis; Ilir >t'as()ii of 18"ti-77, liiil pinh.ihlv llifv were "Illy ;i littii' t'liillici lint iit -.(m It is si.ilfil lli ii vc-scIm tmik ,-.in;ors i.r liniiiiir Irinii Miiiijant'- I!.i_\ liii^ l.i>l winter ti> ship Id ShciIi'II. a vxiiilcr ln'riiiiy ll>lu'ry iil iiin!.i'lci.ililc iiiai;iii- liiil' iiiii.'lit ••|)iilii; lip on tin- \o\ii Sioliaii coasl. Iinlii'd, llic H^lu'i iiK 11 liavc stated to I lie u liter, llial ii'eeiitl\ Anieiiiaii ve-sel- liavf rereivi'd iiiucli of tlieii- Sail on Nova Sciiijaii slioies, lor ilie I.ellavi and ( uorije's liinii'-, svlii', li iliev weie acciistoliu'd to ^et il \e« I' ■iiiiill.iiid. WlMl'.li llii;i;i\ii l''i'-iiii,\ IS |-',ri:iii'i:. An iVtensMe Winti'i lli-nini; Kislierv cNi-ls on ihe Wliile Sea. Opposile tlie villas,'e oT Soioka iipwanU ol' 7-)ll lliirtx— ix I'aliioiii ni'N irr employed liy llie tislieinuii iindei- the i.e. A yooil hill will Ininu up 100.00(1 tlsh. At niijhi the ni't is I. it 11 the w.itei, dnrini; I lie ilay time it is druji-ed li-om hole lo hole sc\eral tiliii'- liolhthe small and the huye hei i ilij; are always to he t'onnd in liie \\ hile Sra. lli the liallii- and it* approaches the heiiiiiy iris also heeii seen to pass 'iliilei the i' e, and are taken in i.els S| MMli; !li;i!lllMi l'"lslll;i;v N l;\viurM)|iAM). ]\\\ >i. (ir.DiKiK. — lliiriii^^ are taken lieie in the moiitli ol' May, and "arc ol a lliiii deseilption. not leseiuhliiin those taken ill lias of Islands "' Kxpials l..r 18(i) ;.'0,'J(ill liarrels, all taken in nets llw.i.o Isi \Mis — Mr. Ilayward report-- 1 the lierrilin tish- erv rapidiv decieasin;.! .il this stalioii in IHIi.J. lie was iii- loniied iiv the resldculs that some fiHecii or sixteen yen's pi.- vio.is to IMO.'), ;.'0,(I00 liarrels wore anniiallv taken here. The |)r;irtiee ol' iiarriiiu lierrlnns h.is lii'eii extensively carried on. Mr. .1 M. Kellv n'piilled in IH.")'; iljat tlie usual catch of heriiiii; in St. ( ieoiije's li.iv soinr veirs i;,'o, was li-oiii ;iO,00(l to ."iO.OOO Saiiel.s. hnl previous lo 1857. for a few years, il had l>c- iXnii to decrease so much, that when his esUiiiati wasl.amed iii 1S")7 not iiioie 'liaii 1:^,000 or lU.OOO hanels were taken. I'he caosi- of the decrease w i.s then i.ttrihiited lo the practice :: 'opted hv the schooner masters, who came for herriie^, of ihrowiim the otf'.ii (d the herriiijj; overlioard oti .iie fishing ijionnd. In 1H()8 the iiiimiiei of hanels ol heriiiiH; I'm hail, taken liy the Flinch lleet. o alioiit ;J00 vessels, sailiiii,' fr-m S;. I'leric, was tifi.OOO. besides ;; large ipianlity of eaptliii. The value of the lieiiini; w is cstinialeil to he aliont .C:27.0O0 stg., and ol the c.ipelm, CKI.O.KI to flS.OOO slit., lo-elher, aho;it t'45,il()(( stg ('apt. IV.rish., • MA*. IM'.inODS OF M'I'KOACII TO IIIK COAS I'.— N KW- KOrNDI.AM). Mill 111 KASI AIIWIIC COAsr. "•' 50. I ;il)|e sliowini? tlic diilcs ol the lii'Ht a])pi!.iiiinfe uik! ilppartiirr of tlic iikiiiiim! tVinn tlip Noitli Ivist Atlmitif Cons' III' \i-u r.iiiiiilhiiil : I, rii|,tiiiii lir wii. KN . II. M~. Ipvn.i," h,; ilj,- yuv is;i ; r,i|.tiiiii ll.ukiMH, |{..\., II. M.^," Kii.U'm;,- Mr is;-.'. U,.|i.,i'l« ni tli.' N,'H-|iHm,||,iii.| lUlifri''- - H^K !>'l RAl'lS OK ItKI.LK ISI,i;, NKWFOlrNI)l,AM> ((lA.T. 'riil)le sliowinn the (liiten of the Krst iipiwaraiK c iiiid dcpiir- tiirc of the Hkkhinci from tlie cimstii of tlic Stmitjt of Ik-lle Isle. Mtnliitti \'.«r ^i»r.itK tUiriiMt \i. ll>« Mtltiiiin Ihriimf. Nil. Iljt Cape Biinld IS" I. to (Uipc Onion 1872 Ant;. 10 I.) S. p. :{(). . .51 ri.«tolft Hav 1N71. 187a. C. Noinian 1S71. to Savage Cove lH7!i. Savage Cove 1H71 Inly .'U. to St. Harh.'"> H. 187:>' Xiii,'. 14 K. Sep. .{(). . . IH 187;J. Jnly 10 l..\llK.\|in|l iD.XM- 111 nil-, slli Ml'. Chatean Hay 1871 Ani;. "). Ued Bay ' 187 1 An;,'. ;,'() to S,p. i>6 . . . ;t« Black Bay 1871 Ami;. :.'(> to S.p- M). . .41 Fortean Bay 1871 \iii;. 10 to Dei. !.'0. . l.W iiKHiiiNi; Aiiitr '1. Hcnly Haihoni 8th Sept., 18««. Fox I larliour -'li d " Black Bay, Tinware 4ili " Kast and AVe.. ;')l. J'liiie arc llirco ways in wliicli the llcrring taken in Britisli American waters arc consumed : First as Food. Second as HaiL Tliird as Maiiine. I'Ik" I'iibles of (^itch, as of Kxpnrfi, fiirni^h liut very im- perlfct itironuiition as to tlic annual ((U.Mititics ot' this tisli which me used in the ilitferent ways named, hut a i li)>e approximation can lie obtained uf the amount con.Humcd as food ; .iiid for this we are indebted to the ciiinpariiion and estimates of tlie Deputy Minister of Asjricuifure, Mr. J. ( '. T ache. lliir foliowinf{ tables show llic leported ratch, .iiid the esti- mated nominion catcli for th<> sears IHIilt to 18"(> inclusive: Yeiir. R<.|i.irteil (,'bIi'1i ill lltirrt'ls. KsliniHifil i ulili ui liiirrri* 1870. '-'J.S.8:l!» i ^OH.NoO 1871. :)8(),(i(Mi (i.'.'i,;!:)", 187'-.'. ■ .•i^4,877 .");).•!. 7 M.i 1S7.'J. .'I4il.(iliti .').')7.!t7!l 1874. .{;2(i.47(i r).!4..f()7 187.'j. :iJ0,:18!i .'■>-"i'.,17 1 187(i. 41M.H;-)it The catch of il(>rrint( in Newfoiiudland and !,al>rail()r is very much greater than would be slathered from the aiuiual cNjiort. The Census is the oidy true test of the matjnitudc of this in- dustry. The exports ol Newfoundland for the yeir 1874 are returned as amountinf; to no uioji' than 4!i,.'i8.i barrels, while the total catch, includini; what was iiircd for home Kuisumplion, sold as Bait and exported, reached upwards of ;.'70.II(M» banels. The (Vnsus gives the followinj; euiimcralion of the number ot barrels of Herrini; curi'd in the Colony and its neprudaniv durinsf 1874 : Harrels. Herriui,' cured In ihc Kh'ctoral I districts 7.),','!I7 '• '• on the French Shore !l.?,8.';) " " on the Labrador l(!.!.'tl"> lotal cured IS.'KW'i .Add to the tot. d number barrels of llcrriuj.' ruicd the number sold to the French as Hait ' 70. OIK) Sold to the .Vincriians ' 10,00 t Total number ol' bbU of I lerriicjs iaui.'lii . . '.'7 1 :\^'.i lotal uundier evporled I .'.•)8.) Ditferciice between export .iiid r.itcli . . .'.'■.'H,707 The ii',fL.'iv..'atr iiuiidicrof bMiivlsof hfiriii;: .■iui;,dit in I » >- minion mid Niwfoiiiidbiiid waters duriiiir the year 1N74. )pro- bably rxcrciliMJ liM-bi bundred lliciu-~aiid luinv!-.. lliiis: - DoiuiniiiM waters .■,:U ;i(»7 bbls. N..wfnun.lliiiHl do •27\:-is-l ■■ T..tal ,sO.-..ii.s!i •■ T.I this wr add thr .piantity usnl .Sir niainiiv. which nirely iippcHi- in liny ivtiiins. (be ipmiitlty cciisuiucd as bait, witb- nut beiti^ eniliili'iated. and the (piantity disHoyid by thr hurtful prcci'ss of bacriim. .V luillion barrels i,f heirin;; '"•■'i year, and LTadually iiicivasinLr. will fairly represeii; the i|U(in- titics of this tisb taki'ii from P.ritisb ,\uirricMU si-as. 1. This estinmlc of tlip iianiial iiUHinily i.f llcrnnw -.il'l t" tin- I'ri'mli us Bnil i- iHkcii rraii .Mr. llnywiir.lV i.tTrml riivrl in lS(i4 In l*7ii. ..sliui.il.il (|immil.v .if lli>rrinns. I'll. III.. Kr^n.^h f..r Hull •.'Od.l'OO 1 nrr.-l— IMileii.'.- ..f ■J. IMimil...!. s..,- .■vi.lHii,... .huiii-.lliy Mr T n. Km.^i!r. .'.ft Thk \ M.I I: III' llli; llllKlilNi; As liMT Tu Till; AMKIIU \N l''iNiii;iiii;s. ■'i2 'I'lii' li'Ntimcinv I'lnlKMlicil in ilic follDwiiii,' I'xtiiict IVniii till' l-'islu'iii's nf ( Jliiiici'stiT." jidiir.l iMii|il>' iniMiC nt' till' >;i'i;Ht viiliif 111' til ■ Itritisli Aiiirriciui liriiiii;,' Kisiici V lis liait fur Aiiiiilcim Kisliiiiiii'ii. Iiiilic'l lie riiitlifi' M'idiliiiii III till- ciiii- iii'!ill\ iHMc'ticiil >t;it.i'iiii'iil tlicii' '^iM'ii is 111 r.'sMiiv . 'I'lir Ncwriiiiiiiljiiiiil mill \( w Hnms« irk lliiiiii;r I'Vsli- I lii's. 111' ciHiiiiiiiiilivi-lv ivci'iil uri;;i|i, wliili' mil iimhIIi'IkI"! witli liiirilslii|i mill iliiiiy:ri-, lu'Ciiiiu' iit uiicr mi iiii|iiiitiiiii uiix- ilimv uf liic (ii'iiiHfivs' and Uiink.s tLslii'iii's, mii| liiivi- liiiii ])iii-- siii i| iiiiiviiiittinj.'i_v fniiu tlif stiirt. hiiiiii;,' tin- |iiv-iiit si'iisun llrllill^; llil\C liri'll s|ii|i|ici| lii'MCf to SwimIi'M ill il ^n.i'l [ifiihl. mill it is nut iiii|iiissililr llmt lliis imiy jirovi' llii- iniiiiil Mv\t lii\v;ii.| llir 1 '"-iiiiiptinn uf i'S|iiirtiitiiili uf tisli l.i I'm- 'ij;!! |i(irts, mi iiii|iurtiiiil iinliiMtrv uf tlii' )iiirt in tiic I'miy ilji\> uf its li-liiiiL; iiiti'i|ii-isi'. 'I'lii' S|iiiii^ uf j.sTli liiis jiNu lurii iiimlo^l liV II lli'W fi'iitlliv in till' (iriiryi's' tisliny. tlir r)l|itliri' uf li.'ili- liiit in iiiinwnsc i|iiiiiititii's in ilrrp wiiIit uii llir I'.lv'i' uf llif liiiiik. L;uuii fjii'i'A liiiviii;,' liri-n sitimimI in 11 liiniili'i'd ami lifly fiitliuiiis uf wiiliT, a ;;ri-iiliT ili'|itli tlian was lirfuir iliuiiM-Jit iiki'ly til Fnriiisli )iiiiHtnlili' rrtiiiis. ■ Willi llli' duM' uf uiii' Hsliini; srasun aiiutln r is iiiaiiuiir- ali'il, (In llir u indiiiL: up uf ilir iniickrrrl tisiiiT\ . miiiI lln' |iaili«i siis|irnsiuii uf till- Hank lislu'iics in (lir Kail llif liriin- rias^ uf \ussrK lliiis i'iii|iliiyi-c| runinii'iUT littin^ fur tlir HiT- riiiLT TiMili'. tu wliirli till' ••lirri;irs uf i|iiiti' a tli'i't iiii' iluvutnl liming; tlir wiiitir niuntlis. .\ U\\ vi-^srls unly rn,'ai."' in what is kiiuwn as llir -ajt In t-riiiL;' trailr. tlii' iiuijurity uf I'lrllrcl siTiiriiiLT lliiir fans frrsli. fivrzin;; tliriii tliuruin.'lily and siuw- iny: tliriii in ImiIk. aljuwiiij; tlii-ir ca i-;,'(m 's |u imiain nii'lis- tiirlii'd until tliry aiv niarkrii'd in as yuml mdcr as wlnii takiii fiuiii tlir wati'i. Tin' Now I'uundland liiiiiiii; tiadc was iiiaiiL;iiiatrd in tlir wintrr uf Is.'ill ami lias Ihtii [lursUfl witli \aryin'/ succrss sinru llial tinir. 'I'liis tlci-t usually sail- fruni tlir iiiiddli' tu till' last iif NuviuiImiv witli an uiitward raiL,"' I'f siirli sii|i|ili.'s ns air Iiki'ly tu find a ^I'lirk ii'iiiiiinl aiiiuii},' tin' liiTriiii.' tislii'iv uf Ni'wfuiinilland, wliirli arr I'M'liaiiyi'd fir ilii' IHudllcl-. uf tlir sra. Tlir |-ri'Ws uf tllu Hi'i't du Hut ■■lli,'a;:i' III tisliini_' tu any rxti'iit. Iii'iiiy; ui'i-u|iii'il in takiiiu- iiru]M'r can' uf till' lii-rriiii;- piirrliasi'd uf tlir lucal lisln'iiiii'ii. Ihn inu ^crinr I a caiHu tln'v rilurn liuinc usually ani\lii:j in .laniiarv and Ki'lirnary, ulirii a |iuiiiun uf ilifir rari,'urs find a r.-iidv s.il.- t i llir I'.ank llrri fur liail. tlir ir-., lirilli,' lliarkrird in lluslujl. Ni'W \'urk and l'liilailrl|iliia niarkris, fur fuud, wlirrr ilu-y arr ill su'tivr driiiand. i's|)ri'ially dnriiii,' l.int. Tlir lni-inrss is an ini|iurtanl uiir. fnrnisliin'riii|i|uynirnl fur tlir vrssrK and iiirn at a tilllr wllrll lllry niiL,'ilt ut'lrrwisr ln' i'uni|lrllrii tu lir idir, and |iru\idinn- llir mraiis I'.ir tin- rally nnliarkaliun uf ilir (Irur.i-rs' and Mank llrrts in tlir latr Wintrr and rarly S|irini; lliuntlls. Till' lillsilirs-. is alsu a ;,'udsrnd tu ;1|" jiruplr uf NrW- fuiindland. wliu arr thus malilr I tu rxrliaiin'r ilir iirudiiris uf tllrir Wintrr lisllrry fur tlir llrrr^sarirs uf life ull lilllrll niulr favuralilr trrilis than Wuuld utlinwisr Kr [lussil.ir. 'I'iir NrW Mruiisw irk lirrrinj; Hsliny is anutlnr valualili' inirsiiii and ai- ti'iidrd with mm II lr> . .|aiii,'rr than tin- inui'r dista-it \uya;,'rs tu NrwI'uiimllMiid. In till- srasuii uf |s71--"i. t urnly-thirr srhuunn- niailr Nrwfuunillaml trips, and thirty ihrrr wnc rnira^rrd in ihr NrW Hniiiswirk lisliny. I'^mly in Krhriiary. un tlu' aiiival uf thrir supply uf l.ait, till' (irui'^^rs tirrt Ht awrtv fur thrir rally ti'i|)s, and thr (irand and Wrstrrn Hank lishny assunirs nmrr ini]iurtaiil jii-pur- liuns. Thr rust uf an a\ria,i;r ( l.'.irufrsinan titird fur si 'a is (10 niniiit !«7.N*'>M. sniU. s.')"''. 2:i(i I'liil - i>l' i-nMr !o :t hmcIkms, wi'i^'liiiii; ■'<<>(l ll>-<. iiirli. SI'.NI, li'(MK) Iwitini.' f.ii l«iit, j«|.)((. il.HV. :i(i Inn, iif IuiIIjisI, |iliiitnnii . ir.' Iidii-c-. Lriirrv- [u'lls, liiii'N, niliiii fimiiliiic liiliti'm-, liolii-. rMiii|iii-.i», Moiih of ici', WlMid, rnlll. WIlliT. I'lr Klirll Vi»mI tllki- II I'tvw lit" t'i^'lit III' ti'ii iiii'ii. iiihI iiiiliiiniilN i> iilixciit finni two (d tlinr wi'ckH 1111 II tii|i. Till' ti-li Mt'i' riiiiiilil li> liiiii'l liiiii, iiml iiuli lilllll kci'IiM licnmilt iif lli> nitrll liy rllttiin: mit flir liitii.'l|.s nf til'' riiilti'^li wliii'li iiiv riiM'icil 1.1 till' ski|i|ii'i for iiiniil win ii 111. ■ liny-, wiiik is clii-i'il iiiiil li\ imirkiii;.' llii' Imlilnil iiiii(;lil nil itii' lifiiil uf mil. Al till' 111. I nf (ill- Miyii'.'r I'lii'li limns Imliliiit iiiv iil.Mtitii'.l iiinl \viij.'lii' 1 si.|iiiniii'lv iiihI llir iivi'i-avfi' Wi'i..'l|t .11 Villi f til.' r.ilHsIl lllkrll is llsriTlnini'.l Mini I'lll'll iM.'iii iTiMJitf.! \villi ill.' iiiiiiili.'r r;ii|,'lii. 'I'll • ..'i.i" |i|-.M'i'.''U nf till' ciltrll nil' siil.irct In ilf.liirli.ill" t'lir till' r'lsl nf liiiitlliul jr.., mill nil.- f.illltll nf niir |mT cclil. i« rcsilM'il fur tl|.' W'i.l.iVVs' mill <)i|i|mi|s' Killl.l. sn lliiil I'licll lilllll rliyilifi'.l ill llir lni-illiss Cnlltrililltl'S silllll'llliln; fllUlll-.ls till' sl||)|v.lll nf llll. flllllilifs nf tliiisi. wllnsi' lives 111'.' siirriticiil ill llli' liil/iil.lnlls n<(ll|illtiiili. ' - ~" t'lHliii'iiH III tlliiiii-rnliT.' J'l'iirhr llriilhir". Kl.n IIATIiiNs IN TIIK ( 'ATI II I'llC Hu.tll.llinlls ill 111. lliTlilll,' li-lllM\ ill lllc K>fll.llV ill the I.iiuii'iiii' ;iri- wt'll hli lUii ill tlii' followiiiij l.ililiv ' ' Mil III -lliiKK I'liINT I.KttIs I'll r\l'i: rllvriK, Ycai. Nil nl'liliU ViMl. Nil nl hills, \yM .1(1.117 1H7!.' T.ITI iMii'.l l.!,l:l'. l.s:;i l'»'..")l."> 1S70 (i.tiTl iS',\ \iiMO:i )s:i '.'.Kill is:.'-) ii,:in 111 IsTI til. Ili'iiiiit,' ii)i|ii:itr.l ill hiriic iiiiiiiIhts in the csfii irv n| the St. Lawii-ncc, iis hiuli up as Miilh.iii', when' thry 1 .,; not hicii seen I'oi- in \ny yi-ars past. TliP picva "i, -i; of soiilli-esst winils \v;is locilly supposed to hp the cause of their ret'ii'ii. Ml-. Miller siites in lii« Of!iii.:l Report to the Minister of Marine and Fisheries, for ISliT ^.-sess, jiapers No. l.{, IHUT i th.it •■doni; lht> iiorlli sluire ol N." Hrunswiek, almost .my ipiantitv 111 lleriiiii.'s .imiIiI lie .Mjit'iied in ihi- Spritii; season." i-'i.rin \ I i.i\s M nil; Maiiualkn Isi.vsns. \V.i. I> Ir 11. -1 ■ 1 Si: ..1 ll.rr..| |,|,e,|-,.. ..... 1 lr...N l.siil \lav Isl. ., . + I..'>UI). . ISi;-. .M,iV iii.l. . !i. I !>.■>. |H(i:l . Ma'\ ITili .2ii..">i>ii |Mi+ .May Isl . olllM) IMi.'i .\piil irih :i'.iliHI . N'.'iy al.iiii.lMiil. iM.i; .\pill u.'iih . lo.vci IsiiT Ma\ Till.. l."i.i:2ii :i!l(l!)(l .s;p;i\\||,..| afti'f vessels left with i-aiL;. ..s. ,7(IMHI .Slraii;,'ii's, ll.'ilidO Kiirn-ls: iiihiil.- itants. T.'-'O" hanvls :!.'.i|.'>. 'I'liiv.' w.'iks eiiilier tliiiii iisiiiil lish illillll.lallt, lint fleet tnn lati ill aniv itiL,'. , .-.:?.. '.7.'' , 17 N2:.' . +..S+7 . . I:.' i:!7 ,+'.l,!l.'il ..Sai.l n.il t.i liax.- spawn. •.! in ih. liay>.iiNiisiial ; prnl.filily sp.iwn.-.l ill .l.'epel water. Is7ii 77 H:! . I.Mi.S im;ii |s7<». ..Vi.ril I .'ill I n7 I 1.S7:' Mav.Sr.1. 1H7:{ . ■ IN74 I.s7.'i .M.iviiih I. ,\|.|..vi.|i'c .\ .. '.1. S..«-i..|iiil l'ii|»ir«. V... .'.. l.sTii. ai 5 5S* ^ I - i U '-• i fc- r.vi*lSii-:viiti?.5|£5S,t "^ m ,4 9 ,; 5 ; -«-gg.^, ft "ns a'z s< '^ Q 2 5 i^, p: 5' c/?i ;? 'i ' — '^ "s P f7 t » I « '. ft "»* ■■ -. ^ — — — in o '«■ fi -; Ti » ji ?i -x V 3 T :; 5 * t 05 C -S "• E^ H v. ^ a; I** ■ m r, M i?^iiliiii^^l?]|is|5 •i - i:fi :1 ,'??.,» 5 •; <5 £ s a .5 ; r J 5 - « 15 ';■> ; '.; 'i « - x; r; -, - u z " " i: : -3 Vi J ? s g i i ,^ s ;;'s '^, ;• ^ g = '; s'l s 1 Cl »l K M — -J — — ^ •. 5 rf K li 4 iT .- •a ' '^3 C- L: "' ^ ? 5 s ?^ » !-• i^ 5-"s s rrs :'t = " ?;ii:i3gr.i:,'-ii;P.t!!-:H?: S ■:i -f. T*. r I IS ?!?. 5*5 1** •- — g fi n ^1 IS r! It J tic£i.^ — n\n Tl 1^ X -C 22 '■ 1 - X. ' ■ i- - -■ — I - ?l 1 - >•; 55 £ 1-; « — i-r ; o -r e; •■: -r -^ i*; ••; '- "* " - L-| ' ■ /, -f — S * T CI 1 - •r — ^t X .- CI :-: -^ i? y^ -^ n — ?i -^ It — '^ T ^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) V ¥ko {./ ./,% o ^dp Q>- • tlir cxtnit nl' llir iiUili. A liirnv \ tlic |«.|iuliiti(iii. im.l ii \>-\y lui'tci' i|Uiiiitity -.liipl"''! diiriiiL;' tlii' wiiitn- iiMOitli- in .ViiicTiciili ves- sels fi.r li:iit, mill iilsn t.i St. I'imv nii'l Mii|iirlnn fi.v tlir -iuik- jniriMisi', Tlic foll.pwin^' tiililf sli.iws tlio actiiiil .ni oit^ wliii-li ciiiin- uwU'V thf ti'>tici' "f thr Cii-tniii H.iiis.' iiiit'ioritii's. It will !«• >lio\vii It.-ivjil'i.T tliiil tlu'sr form l.nt ii sniiill l>r.i|)ortiini .'I' lli'' total lUiiniilit r:m;M- fl"' .U'lviilrr |,..itioii nf whic-li 1- twcl as Bait. '" Exi'OKTs 111- lli;iiui\(i tit.iM Ni;\viiirsii:.AMi. Yftir. I ll;infl.. I.72 ,rt. .V". "1 ll..m-l-. i_ il.llOH Cliri-'i- .N" t'f lliir.-|. IH17 IH1.S I.IIOI IS4.S 1-I.H72 1S1!> l.dtiM 1M4!I 1 1 .47 1 1X20 .•{.•2:!:5 IS.Vt |',t..').')H lH-21 .-.-it; l.s.ll .•((;2.'.'.' IH22 :(!).-. 1.S.V2 +27 1-. ls-i:i I,s24 1H2.-. :t:!:i :U!) 1 s.">:{ 1 s.')4 |fs.'>.-> is-ic •2117 1 s.->(i :i2.2n4 ls"'7 1 M.'.7 IS.'iS 4!i7Mt |.-.7.:ti;2 1 !S-i.S '.>7t) l.S .•)'.! (11. .->!)(. \SW I..-.24. Im;() s2 1144 ls:ii :!.:<().') ls(;i 7:i.ii:!:! 1 s:{:> :!.-N-'> 1SI12 2!i.M4'.t lN:t:i •2.271 i.m;:! SO.D.'ld 1 ,s:l4 |,S(i.') , +:l.i>ii7 Iistlti l.s:lH 1. .-.:{+ .'i.M.') I.'..27il | 2i)..stl,s I.M ill ;•^ SO.'.Ci.'i !t7.(i:t.'i iN+t) 1 1 (•.(is.'> l.s7(> + .-)4..S(1!I IS+I ! !l,(iS.-. 1.S71 + ls7.42;i IH+2 i:t.!s:i'.i 1.S72 I.-.477I isi:! !l.(i+'.t ls7:! '» |:!:i.l.".s 1 2^2.(ll)« INH i:i+lii 1S74 ♦ l!IS.2.")li l.s.-).:i.s^2i-' 1 Nl.."i 2I).!K):! 1 s7-'> « 2!t7.ll^^ is+ti i 12.1 P.I I.>s7S 10. about ;J0 nn!e.s lloltll•.•a^*t of '•I'lif Naze." or mo>t soiithi'lly poiin of Norway, to llic liradlan.l of •■ .«;t,.r*lanf tin- iiiiiii.T- ous i>lau(ls anil tlic ilfptli of the Fiords, the actual roast line very iiiu. Ii exieeds the length .oniprised within l" |-,„,u isirto IS.V.'. iacl„s,>,..(.m.a:il K.-iains. ui .\|.i.pn- ,liv I.. Ill" liil.' .\lailli-w II. Warivir. l.-cl ■■ N.-nl lei.lliin.l kii.I its Kisllnnc,." llH.MI.l •_'. iiiclii'liiiy lii.-Jii.' liurivls rniiu ih'' Ijilim'lnr (('•mmi-. 1*74. i • I Ill-la. liiiu l.iilira.|"riiiMl l-'mzcn Ki-li. 1 .\..1 iiH-liiilin;; l-'v '/ri\ lliM-viiiK- (tS 111' li-li wliiih Kiid llicif siiawiiiiiLr '^rounds Ui'iv tiir miiuv veurs togcllier, iippear siiddciily, mikI with littlo iiicvioiis iiidirations, to leavi' lor oilier (iiiurtcrs, and seem to return aifiiii after iiiter- viils wliitli ■-ometiiiies exceed over tweiitv-livp years, and, in some iiistanies, doiihli' tliat period. It is very prohahle, how- ever, aecordinn to the recent investigations ol' Sars, tiiat this is a popnhir error, and that often, when the Ilerriiii; are supposed to have left a ioiii; frequented coast line, ilicv are in reality spawning in deeper water outside. This is a most important observation, for, as the Cod follow the llerriiiL,' within certain limits, il (ishcrmen find the Cod they will aUo know the wheie- alio N ol the llerrini; It explains too the occasional failnrc ol the Iloiini; lishcry Iroin tlie non-appearance of these fisli on their iisiiiil s])awidni; }{ronud, and while fishermen are lanientiiia; tln'ir los-es and "the lailiiie id the lisliery "" the llerriiiij may really lie spawniiii;' in deeper water outride of iheir acciistumed hainils. In ISTi.' Sars reported a> sidijoined : " It follows fidin :hi- also, thrtt a great nnmiier of lierrinji;s must have spawned iindi'r the coast, and that last year's failmc I 1!S7 1 ) of the •.piinj,' lierrinij fishery finds its cause not in a diminution of the lierriui,', nor in :i chaii^n' of their track, hnt s(,lel\ liecause, lor one r<'asoii oi another, the i;;eat mass of • Sihl ' I lieriinsjj did not .ipproacli the l.uid so near 's liefori', liiit spaw ,i('d on the oiiirr ijroiiiiiN farther out to sea." In re- lation to 'he lailuic of the ••Spring Herring Fishery" of ll^Tl, Vice-Consul St. .John reported as follows: — '•lie f.dliiig olf will he severely fell hy the fishing community of the Southern districts. Tears are entertained that it will be followed hy great wr.nt and misery to many who hitherto h id ilependcd on those tislie-ies as their |)iiiicipal means of siijiport "' '' " If the lishermeu hid known tia! the I'uniiig were >pa« iiing outside, how easily they misjiit have ^aved I hem-elves from the impending distress the \'ice-(.;onsid laments, may be seen from what Sais ndafiN of tli" m.iniie; in .> Iri h he ascert.iined the ini- poi'taiit fict. '• .Vll Hshcrmeii here (at 1 1 vitiiiijso Station) ari' ;'.yiced that great (|iiautities ol 'Sild' i Herring) stand under the land at the usual time, which might be seen, to name one proof', fiom the iinii-iial niiinliers of whales and biriK: and evcivlhini; puinted to .1 rich harvest of ' Sild ' at Hvitingso. Mm they Wiiifed for a long time in hopes that the llerriii:; mit,dit appear on the usual fishing spots ; and the conse(|iiencc uih that the •Sild' hid fini.slied spawning i|uielly, when thc\ ^ho iM have attempted to take them farther out to --ei." A^ a further proof of this, a well known pilot here related to Sars, that when on a day after the close of the "Sild" fi>liery, he wa^ tisliins,' in the outer grounds, he found an unusual numbo:- of lai'ne Cod, so a^ to till the boat in a very >hort time, and what ^vas 'iiost sii,prisiiig in this c,i*e, these fish had filled their st im:iehs with " Sil legaat " i Herring spawn I whie::, a^ soon a> I hey weii got uj) into the boat, ihev vomited iii (iniiility. Kefefrillg tn the fi uel ua t ioll of tile ll-vrilll| l''i>le lii'^ III Norwegian waters, the ( 'ninniissioMers of Scotland i|iiole, in tlieir r. port for |s7"', the rollnwin-- extract fr.nn tin' National M:l_a/.ille. which cUIVeysji i,iiieise \ ieW of tlw^e leliiarkable yariiitions in the aji]iareiit iiiiinli r of the lierriu-- \i>iting fbi' Norwi'giaii e.iiist and so greatly affecting its iinlusirv. ■■'I'heeiia is of Niiiway have long been faiiinu^ fo|- their " fisheries, which ha\ e al vva\ s pmved ii smir -e of wealth to the ' Norwegians, wlio deiiv.' frniu this puixiiit one ,i|' liie main I. I'.iii-mI» H.'|i.irt», |s7l. (>4 " lii'aiirlii s lit' llirir nilulMi'iri', 'I'lii' iiiiliiln'r nf |i.'i'snii-^ mimI ' vcswis i'iij;ii;,'cil slidW tliiit it is II |iriilltiililr iiihi ii;i|icirtiiiil • lll.'iriLilllc o •■■|]>lltili|l. 'I'll Vifr-( 'nllslll ( 'l-oWi- V.r lirr il|ii''litril "t'i)|-il Ifil^llii-llril iiiTiilllit, liulli i''ilii|i:iri;ti\ r aiiil ntli -lAvi-ir. "uf till' li>llrlii' fill- tilr Vi'lll- |N7+. "illl (111 illtl'lrslinv; ll'"*- ■■ l-ti|iliiiM 111' till' llnvr! Ilso 111 wllifll CTt-llill lliirtiilll.-, lit' the ■ fduil tliiiv ulitaiiicil hiivi' 1 II Hii]iliril. T\\f ^initiy- hririiii;' " lisliiTv. uitii llii' i'xcc|itiiiii (if that in IS7I. wlu'ii liirr.' was "ail rNtniniiliiiaiy rirli catdi i"-|icria!l\ in tin' Sniiilnioii- ilis- •■tl'ict, lias in till' ciiiiisr uf llir last !i\c velars sti^aililN ilc- ■' (Tcn-fij, >ii iiiiiili S.I tli.it tlir iiruiliu f ls7+ iliil nui iTacli " t.(i unt-tlii.ti.tli >if tlir avriii;;-!' i|iiantit_v fur llir vi'.-'.r,^ IM.'il " to iHti.'), from wiiicli it is to !..■ iiri'suincii tliat tlic iiri's'iil ■■ liiiTin;; ]i-iiiiil. \siiicl! In'i;an in |S(I,S. i- at an cin;, m. at .•'.II " I'Vi nts, viTV nrailv s,i. Tin. ival ca'.ix' uf tliis il.'i linr iias " vet in li.- ilisi iiv.i.'il; prnlialiiy it will 1.' fminil t.i lu' luii- " lircti'ii witli Clinic siilMiiaiiiii' ajrcnry. siicli as tlir iJiiiinlalict' "ur sciircitv uf fuul. nr lln s|..iiiis m- iiii rmt- alfn lin^- llir " 1,1 .ii|iiiiuiir. uf tlir uccan. This i-.. Ii.i\vr\ .t. m.t tin' Mist " time t!.at the spfiiiL; hririiiM tlsluiv has lirm known to ilr- " stTt till' cimst, I'vrn fill' IniiL;- |irri "Is. Tin. di tails rc'spcctinL;' •■ tliis tishiTV in I'iirlv linirs aiv nannaily iiiist nm-iTtain ami •■ insiitHi'ii'iit. lirt within tin- iIiiit la-t riinnrir- thr ri.ciii-ils '■ li.ivr lii'.'ii ni.iiv ac-cnralr. ami fimii th;-.r wr lin.l ih.iitliis " tishii'V tiitalU ilisainii'aifil ilniiii^' tln'Hisl hall' nl tin' srv- " iMitriMith cTMtiirv. anil that in tin- vrars ]i,M) t.i Ifi.'if.inly ••.S.OOi) lunvls wnv ann i.ill> i-\|"ii(i'il. In |i;lii-iy r.iiiiinmil numl "in till' Uuiiisaal ilistrii-t^. luit in Sumi n- it :-casril altu- '• iji.|l|.'V in ih.. Mar 17").^. hut was irplacril In •• iiiusl pruht- " .ilili r.iil ri>hi'r\ . l''riiiii 17n'i i!ii' spring' in' rlii'^- is saiil tu " lia\.' ni'iriK i'"s..iti'il tlir r la-t. imi niakiiiL:' its appi-araiirr "aoaiii tii; IMI.V '1111. l''i.t 111 \riiiNs IS Siuiii-ii Si:.\-. '■' .')•'). I!,*l I \MI! \I-.. — Till' Ilcrrliii,' I'oiMuik the spawniiii,' iTioiiiiil nil ihr hanks (itf H;iihiiitra.', on tlic Ayrshire ''oasl , in 1851. hut ilii._\ rrtiinicil in l.Sti.', hciiis; ahsetit fur a pcriml ul <'i:;lit years. I hi' srIiuuU h.nl (citaiiily trri|U<'iit('(l tlics.' h.iiiks fill '-.'■) viMi~ hcdirr tlifV took 'licit ilrp.irtiin' in l.'^.Vf. Isl.VNll 1)1 1.1 « I-. 1,(1111 U.iM. — j'lcviuiis til 17.")(( ihis l.oih was luiiiuus tur IS'riini;. Hut ihc tisli ,ih.ni(liiii('(i The Mati'is ill 1750 Ue'iiriifd ill 17!>0 .Miaiiilniii il ill 1797 ItcJlMlli'.l ill 1H!.>!1 Si'asiiii fur tisiiinj; : Nnvciiihci'. nci'liilicr and .I.iiiiiary. Koss AM) Si Tlili:! \Nn. — I'ciiuiU ol (lepri'ssimi at the Is- l.(nil i>f I.I'" is appi'.ir tu he pcriiiils uf pmspeiity uii these coasls, " ami when llic Stoiiinway Hshiiii; ilei-lines, that u( Ross and Suthcrlaiid appears tu aiiifiiicnt." ' ' The (pianfity uf lish siippurte'l fur a shuit tii ir hy a linilli'd ai-.-a uf water i- uii.. uf tln' st a--t,unisliin'j and eeriuiis features uf the (uiiditiuiis iimlev which iiiariiie life is iiiHintaiiied. The area, fur iiistaiie... uf Lueh Kyne. the celelirateii Seultish Ihr- I. li.'ii.ii .it 111.. Hu>ni f..iiiiiii-iiii, l lOO fntlmiiis ill .|r|i|||, |)iiriii.r ..viTv live yciiix lii'twcfii IH++11111I l.sdi III.' iivcr.i;,',' iiiiiiihi'i' ut' lii'iriii:,' ciiii^'lit in tin- I,.m'1i is sllnWII ill till- Illllli'Xi'd tllilll'. lN+4 : I'S+.S, , . . |:).l(l().()(ll)li,-l|ili;;s('llll!.'liti-.-li-l. \,-:u: 1,S+!I i.S.-i.-i. . . |!),|()(),()()() • ■• l.s:)4— l.s."),s i.vToo.iioi) Ih:.!I— I,s(i2 4-Mooo!io Diiriti',' till' s|mwiiiMi.' |M'rio,l ti,..y f,',.,| Imt little, a coii- sUiiit sii|,|)|y nf air is liuw.'vcr ('i|iially I'ssnitiiil tn tln'ir wrll lirilli.': clllTcllts liillsl l.rilli; the sl||i].|i,.s ,,f nil' ll.'cili'il, ut' uliirli llic- (ixy^ffii is till' must iiii|Mii'fiint ciinstitiii'iil. Ill I.Slii nut less tliMM l( 11 •,(»( ((».()(»() lici-|-iii;,'s \\,-r,- tiiki'ii tVuiii i.ui'h Fyih'. cr iilHiiit 7i»,.S((() Ipim-i'ls. IN rill-: N MIK M. tll^Trl|;^ VMi t 'nil. "I IMK IlKllliiNd I'he I leriiiig has heeii the object of untiring pursuit, on a gigantic scale, for many centuries, in vari(nis part.s of Knrope, 1. Villi' Kepnil of li'iviil Ciiiiinioi .11, lsii:l. •J. Tlip esliiiiHli'il iiiiinli.M' nl' liiMriii>;s iiiiikIiI liy 42.."1 lislieiiiiL-n ami buys ill .siiMlhiinl iiiid l'^ii;liiiiil in l>

    .">. It is ciist \v\ to spciik of the itiexbiuistililf ciuiiae- tei- of the Siji l<"isiii'rics. If this be true in .Vnierican wiiters, how has it bajipeiieil that the Coil tisheiy has declined to such a iiiaiked extiiit on the New Kngland coast, and that tbeiv lire iiiniii'ii.u-. aivas ..f suiali ixtent where Cod fishing used 1.1 he protitalily carried on in l^nitish Aiiieiican waters, liut wbic'b are now abaiidomd as n\ | rtiductive. The truth ap]ieais to lie that the )iroductive sea area in Aiiu-rican waters is giviitly liiiiitid by the (inlf Streani, ainl that, except in the Labrador Current, the limit of practical exhaustion is luucli more easily attaimd in American than in Kuici])ean seas. This is owing to the- vast extent of <(iast line in Kurojie oeeupieil bv the seas wbosr low teinperat ui'e admits of tb<' increase of (he eoiiiMiereia! cold watei- fishes. The Baltic Sea is in very many particulars analogous to the (inlf of St. ].,awrence, iKitb in teinpetaturi' and in sejiaration t'roui the great body of oceanic waters. The coasts of Nova Scotia and Newfomiclland nnuc npiii(ia'-h Noiway and thi' Tinted King- dom in tb.'ii- lel.-itioii to waters of eonipaiatively low temper- ature. But the seas a line of coast. Walhicel'l states that I. Tlu- wiil.'i- iiiki- llii- ..|.iK.itiiiiily .il Mclvii.iwliMlj;ini! his iiiiU-liteiln.w 1,. I'lnl.'sMiMi, I). Siii-f,.i- lii> iv|i.irl»lr.Mii ismto l-Silli, nil. I fr..ni INTO l.i I,S7:1. iiirliisivi', wil'i a iii:i|i >Ii.iwmii,' llie movciiHMits ..f the Ui'innn "il the NMnvcjjiiin r.mst, |iiii.lislie.l in l,s7:i, lit! if iils.i k'I'''"I.v iinl.'hlwl to Mr, Til l,ir .\iil.iM Verkni/i'ii fur ii tniiisliiticni "f »"Mie of llie.«i' vi'|ini'l.<. iiml iin nlistrarl.il oilier-. KMimi.I.mI iLitii'Ms ot l>i-..fi-s.ir,Siis' l(..|i.ivl,« lire e.iiili...li.Hl ill III,' Nniw.-^jiaii riivliiiiiientiuy .1 iiii.'ni.. in tli.' l.ilnHiy "f riiilianifm at (Ittiiwii. Iii'leeil. the •■Si..rlliiii«'- ;''..rhiiiiilliiii;i'i-." i riirliHiiiealmy Kciinvtfl ill 111.' I.ilinivy ..f I'lirliiiiii.'nl ;il."iiii.l in vnliiiilil.' inf..riniMi' ii ri'jpiTliiiy tli« N'trweyiun l'*i'*i..'ri.'-.. I. ••(l...iKii(iiiii.iil lii-lril.iili I Animnls." 67 ■■ Si-a tish M.'iM'i at liist sij,'lit tci have aliinist i .iliinitcil mi'aiis i)f ilinpoNal, lait thin is far fiom licino' tlic case. Tciiipcraturr forms a coniiilctc liarricr to a lai;;,. niiinlii r of spcciis, cold water liciii;; cssiiitial to maiiv, while otlnis can only ilwcll in the warnitli of tlic tropics." An examination of any nia]) showinj,' tlie distriliutioii of the (Jnlf Stream oH' the coasts of America, points to tliis liarrier as limiting; tlie area of I'niteil States waters suited to tlie coniiiiereial tishes, witliin very nar- row hounds conijiared with those of the I nitisl Kin;;dom, Nhoies is not siiit.'d to tlie developiiiellt of liumhers sutlicient to sU|i|)ly the enormous drain upon them, demanded hy so mmiy millions of ]ieo|ile. and they must seek a siij.ply for iiicreasiiifi wants oil' other and foreijfii .shores. The liahits of the I mid of the heiiiiif,' jioint to this important fact, and herein we lind a potent cause of present scai'city. Hut this can only he estaMished Ky a knowledi,'!' of the hahits of the s|)ecies. anil there are none ainonjj the fo cousiaut (lr;iiii to which the sea is suhjected there. It is quite easy to umU i-limd how in an iiiidisturhed coiidition the coastal watcis may ha\e nhouiKlcd with this species, even near the southern limit of its habitat, hut when once destroyed or reduced in iiumhers lo au extent re idcring it commercially valueless, it is open to serious douht, now that the condition of the coastal rtaters are so changed in relation to fish life, whether the cod can he reinstated there, so as to make it an important ohjecf ol pursuit. Indeed, reasoning from the known hahits of this fish in relation to spawning, lixid. and temperature of the waters in which it lliiives, it iiriv he nllirincd as a positive opinion that no (-tioils of m.ui lau ever reproduce the New England Cod Kishiiig Industry. F.xceiuiug the George's Shoals, the sea area from wliirli the t'liited States must in future derive its su])plies of tuis important fish ate chief- ly limited to waters of the Hiitisli .\meiicaii Coast line. (I:i7.) 5". The area of cold wateis rei|uire(l to support the in- nunierahle hosts of fish which nriy render a I'l^liery coiunien ially valuable for a long scries of years, is so gic.it, that a gLince at Dr. I'etermann's temperatun- maps showing the ridative areas of such waters subtending ditlerent coast lines, deterinines at once to natural fish proihuiiig waters. That general and wide spread starvation even now occasiou- ally occur both in " Euroiican and .Xinerican .Seas," we have sufficient piool', from the iniscr.ihle eimdition of the livers of the Cod (luring some seasons. The year 1S7I was ilistingiiished in Newfoundland for an exliaordiii.uv citch of (,'od. The A8 amount aitiiallv <'iirril iraclird no Ics- fliaii oui- million seven Inindl-ctl tlniMsand (|iiinliiU, or rii|liiy tlii.iisand tons ol' lisli, Imt itu'ir livers yiidded only a lonrlli ))ait of the aveiaye i|ii»ntity of oil ; the Hs|i were poor anil watery, in fact half starved, and fliev drew lo\v;o(ls ifie -lioie in immense niiniluTs in seanli o| food. Similar seasons of poor-livered tisli oi( iir in Xorwc^iaii waters, on! there is i;ooil ijronnd for the lielief that a veli-leil. ilch-iivereil tish s))awns pailier and with nineli mine ahnnilani fertile s|i,iwn that a poorly fe(> to oOO ol net eanu'lit lish made a harrel of liver, winh' iheri' went i'loni ■)()(> to :>')() iVoin the li-h laken in\ lilies. .\s the season advanced llie tisli lie.-, me perceplilily I'ooiei , so that K)() to 4.j(> liveis Heie lecniiied to till a haiiel Iroin li-h «( lOMily nnilbrm ni/.e. On the western side of the l.ofolen Islands, .liiectly ficinn tin sea, (itIO to 700 livers were i-tMinired ;o till a li.niel. I he .iver.iije nmnSer ot liveis lieiiii; 4.")0 to the hanel. ' ' I'lie average weii;ht of Ceil Hoes dm- iiiij ilili'eient seasons varies in like manner, .showini; an inti- mate relation lietween the supply .■!' loud and i he niultipliiM- tion oith' lish 'I'he former comlilion of .\meiicaii coasta' ua'er-. .dio ludini; as they did with the anadromon- fishes, and stored wi'h inniiinelalili Cod. show how s i, when compared with their present ionilitiv>n, the Sim l''ishe:ies may he exhausted oM-r -ertain are.is hy the a:-ts ol man. Ill IMlo llu\hy iippiiiriil 1 . ihink that the Kniopeiin llei- liii; attained its full >i/.e and nijitnrity in iiKnnt eiiilitiTii niMlltll- That thile was nil ^'ond e\ idellee ajillill^t the Sll|lpil- sitinii that it reiiehi'd its >|iii\vnin;;- euiiditinii in one year. 'I'hat the e^';.'s ale lialelied in at inust fnuii Iw.i to thn •■ weeks after depositinii, and that in -i\ m -.imii weeks ninie the yuiiiiLr have ailaiiii d a !en;:lli of time ineln-, and ivasniiitij;' fmiii kiiiiun t'aet^ ie>|ieetini;- ntlier ti^lie-., it is piidialile. hi' thill lli.iiiuht. that the heii'in;; ,'ltaitis it growth or inatiiiity in I'i. |."i ipi at the must. IS iiiiilitlis. Sals iind otiieis ditfer fioiii tllese npilliolls. which Well' lillt pllt folth ill lNti-"t 1 'V I'lofeS-nl llii\|i'V as purely thcnivtiial, .nid deiiMil nmre fioln aniiloev tliaii e\],eiiciice. Thi' \ii'W-~ enii't-i.-iilii'd hy Sav^. which are the result nf aelllal rxpeliellee, will l.e ;^i\ill ill slle.'ei'ilin;; liarairi»I'hs (•lithe liiitisli iia.,!. Felnii.iiy and March .'iiv thi'irieat spiiiiL;- spauniiiL;- iii.inlhs. .'iinl .Xuynsi and Septeiiil.er the cliiel s,.;,.iii fir th.^uiiiiiii'r spawning (In liiilisli .\iiierican emists the spiiiii; spawiiiii- takes place in .May and .Itiiie. the imtiimii sjitiwniii'; in .Sepiend.ei and (Icioher. I'.iit heie. as elsewhi le. the season vaiies a little, and lie-iiis -iimetinies and in ^oine places in .\pril, i'Xlendiii.i; loas late as Nnveiidii r. The spriii.-- mill the aiituinn shoals llii.Nley cnnsi.leis tu lie peil'eclly dis- tiiiet ill Iviiop-. ir, they ai-.' in .Vni 'ilei. Toe depth at wliieli l»i'. .Mlinaii f.iuiid heiiin;^- spawn in the Firth nf Koitli dniiiii.' spaunin-. \» cd fnaii 1+ 1 "i to ■2\ fatlcmv It adliered ten aeiiMlslv ti I'M'i-y ^nli^tance. livlliu; or dead, mi which it hap- petled I" he depii.ned Tie N.,rwe;.dan lli riiiiL;-. which i> siippused to lie identical with th.' .Vmei'ican Sea lleiiin;.'. spawns, aeenrdini,' to .Mr. I'loeek ill from tell tooiie liiiiidnd alid lifly fathom-. II \iuls 111 lilt. lli:ni:iMi. Amoiii,' several l''.iiiope.iii Naliiiali-t~ who hive preceded I It-iiiirl .f Ciiisiil lii'ii.'i'iil I'r i«v. .•<.'.■ uls.i .ihianiiii -liiwiiiu 1 he I'ela- 1i..M .it iiici|iijiniity nf Cml l.iv.'r nil t.iiiili'li. iniiuli yeav.ai llii' .Vewl'.iiiinl- laml (■•«-i Of) vS«is, ami prepared llii- way lor n ifcneiiil knowlcdjir nf llic liii- l)itM ofllic nulling, arc ilu^ well known names of Niloson and Uoec'k. 'I'lic iiconla left l)y llif lute lamented laxivlleiit siuamivry nl' Itiicck's views se<> an article entitle I the " .N,irwet;iaii Ileniiig Fisheries." in the last vcilanie of the Keports nf the U. S. ('(iiiiim-sidiier nf I'l.slMuicI t'lslierii's. imiisiiileil rr.an lice lliiiiish li\ li. O, .lllcohsnli. 70 ,i{ivcn lo the fact fhnf rhe llerrill^, «hcii It spnwns, hii« l>y no niuaiis I'ciichei) its tiiH 'w rii- tiirly (•iiiicinrc'il in liv Hucrk. Tlic' Holiiislnii lie riiii;; spawiiM in tlh' fiiiliiiiiM, wliiTi'iis tli<' Ni)i\vi';{iaii Hi'iriii;; ;;i'in'i'ally s|)a\vii ill tile >*|iriii;,'. Ill Aiiiiiicaii sms \vr liavi' iilsn tlu> spriiiy; s]>a«iiiiij; and tlii' antiiiiin s]ia\vniiiL,' iH'iiin;;, Tlic lialiit.s uf till' aiitiiiiin >|in\viiiii;,' In riiii;,' nf (lir Hiiltic arc thus di'sciilicl liy Axel \illirllii l,iiiii;;iimn, " ' in 1H7M-4. •'Till' yiiiiin; lliTriiin jtciicnilly ln'^iiis in niiikc \l* iippi'ariiiin' in till' I'lirly |>ar! iil' .\lii\ . anil urows .n ni|iiilly llial l.iwani i.n' fiiil iil llii- vi'ar II lias n'ai'lii'il a li'iii; li nl' '>\ In ',\\ iiiilii'-. Ilavin;; iiU'H't- iiri'il a iai'ui' niiinlu'r nl' lli'i'i-iui; wliirli «rii' raiiillil dni'mi; 'I"' laltiT lialt 111' May I Iniinil llir iiiiihI nl' tlinii ran 1h' iIimiIimI iiiIii lliri'K j;niii|i«. arriinliiii; 111 lliiiir '•i/.i', viz.: lliiwr iin'a«iirni>; almiit 4 iiirlii's ill li'iiiilli. « liirli iiiiiKi 111' I'oii'-iili'ii'il a» nni' ynar'- ll"li ; lliiwi' nl rniiii 't\ In (i iiii'lira. |irnlialily iHn yi'Mr'« iWi ; anil IIiiim' nl' alinilt li/ iiirlii's. wliii'li VMTi' li wiTi' nrrasiiinallv rniinil v\illi tiiiHinj; »|ia\Mi iiii'iiHiii'ln^ iiiily alinnt'Jj inrlii'i ; anil Minn' ini'iwiii'iin; !ii)iiii'»liai inni'i', liiil iinl yi'l rl|H' Inr iiiaHiiiiitf llii' saiiM' vi'ai'. liUPiji'i' li>li. niriidiiriiiK iilmiit > inrln"< arr |irnlialily liinr yrai> nlil. Till' .sprint! lliTriiii; Miiiiriiiiiri ii'arli a li'ni;lli nl iiinrr itian 1'- ini'lii'«. Inn I'M'ii .pi'ciiMi'iii iil' !l^ ari' ran'. Tin' Hnliii«liiii lli'rniic ins. iliiTi'l'iiii'. In «p,v« n HI I'lirly a< at I hi' at;i' nl' tliri; , allliiint;li I iln iinl Hish 111 rnini'V ihi' id 'a ihal all llii' lliTriiii; sprnn;; Ininillii' ^aiiii' yi'ar'-. ipawn lK'i,'iii In >pavMi al that a^;i' ; Inii il -i'i'Mw ralhi'r a> il pnrlinii dill mil ri'iirli ihi'ir iiialiirily till llm rmirth yi'iir. Tho rirriiinstanrc iha' llir lli'rrini; •c llrrriiiu wliirli nii'iisiM'i' C< iiirln's (I'lr.inti'd iViini till' pniii' 111 Ihf iin-i' til ihi' aiialliiil tn lii-U\n vi'ar'- old; thnsi' iiii'asiiriiii! rrnui In In i;j inrlii'- rmm Iniir In Mm' years nlil ; and add- iha "tin' llnrring I. mid ill Hiilni-liiii iliu's mil spawn till i' iiii'asin'i's rriini 7 In "s iiirlii's. roiintini; ihr whiiln li'iii,'lli. I'mi. C. J. .Siiiiilriiill, whil has Iliad' nli-nrvatinns nn ilir firnwlh nl' llin llcrriiij; nil till' rna.sl near Sloeklinlm. lliinks that it lieeniiies eapalile nl" spawnini; wlieii it is I'rniii ihn'e tn fniir yenrs nlil. Mf. Wnliiirm, Nnperinlenil'iit iif j-'islierii's. thinks that the llerrinit is lit tn spawn when il is "aluiit three veai's nld.'' Arrl Hunk «as inelineil tn think 'iha' the vnnnjjesi llerriiii;. when spawniiiK, is seareely less than three years nld. and eerl.iiidy nnl innrc than I'nur." alllmnuli he eniild nnl i;i\i' anv siirtieieiit rcasiin I'nr this \iew. liiit at llie same ti said iha! persmis whnliid lu'en liini; I'liiplnyed in lisliinj; had liild liiiii Ilia' the llerrins;. when alile In spavm, innst lie t'l'niii si\ tn eiijhl veal's nld. ft'. O. .S.(.-.» als i seems to have lu'en nl' the saiiie npiinnii a- I'nil'essnr Nilssnn. and at first tluinsilit that the llerriiiK lu'eaine rapalile 111' spawninir at the ay' nf five years, lint afterward a-si!;iii'd llie Mil'' nl' «iv \ear-." lljaliiian \Viiii-L;ii'ii Ih71j ili'serilins tin- life of tlie Haltie. Hell'ilin' ill the fiilliiwin;.' wiilil.s: — "' liO. " In -May, when the water is eiinl, it takes I'mm I'mirteeii tn eiglileen days I'nr the spawn In develnp, while in .lidv and .August, when llie Hater in the spawiniijfl|)laei's usually has a teinperatiin' nl Irnin 11 - In 1.') - , Keaiiincr. il reipiired niily I'l'mn six to eijjlil ilavs. The yniiii!; herriiif; whieli is sinalli'r and iiinre Ininnpan'iit than the vmiii^ iif (lie vi'll< ri'Miiiiiiitiy uMiqiifly iliTcKt tlif licllv. wliii'li. Ill llr'-l. iiiviilly iiii|ii'ilo< its iimvi'iin'iiti. ( liilv v\lii'ii till' ydiiiiu licri'liii; liif lii'uiiii iinniiiil. Ill ciilli'i'l III it'lhiiiN, mill l" ■•I'l'k limJ. Il H ijillii'iill III ili'lrniiiiit' till' (.'PiiMlli ;iMil lizi' 111' tlif viimm lii'rriiit; iitilll il I'i'iiclir- II rri'liiiii iiur, i"i|ii'i'iiiliv as all lilt' viiiiiii; unci liiup mil llir saiiM' aliilil\ In ^iillirr runij, mi Mliirh rirriiniilain'r llii' ili'Vi-l- 'i|iiin'iil. III' riiiil'«r. ilriiriiiN. •• Atlt'iiiplH liii\(' ln'i'ii iiiaili' 111 riii-f MiNiii; liiiri'iiij; In liiniii;^ lliiMii Incliiiril III •mail liaiins, jml llicv liaic iiomt IIviiI Iihicit tliaii iiliiiiil live vM'i'ki, III iliii'li liiiii' llii'ir li>ii)r|li wiii iilimil niui-luiir nf a ili'i'iiiuil iiirli. Diiriiitj llii' wlinle liril yrar nl' iti rxi-li'iiri', tin- yiiiiiii; licrriiii; i-< t'lniiiil in il< -pinMiiiin i.hiic. hnlli iiiiUiilc llu' ruait anil iiiiiilr llif rjurili. Vniiiii,' livrrini,', alimil mio ruiiiinuii inrli in li'ii^tli, inav III' tiiiiiirit'il III III' aim III Ittn iiniiillii nlil. Vl llir ai;i< hI' tlii'i'r iiiiintlii llirir Inii^tli is aliuiit an iiii-li ami a halt'. All till' tins ari' t'lillv (Iom'Iii|ii'iI. ainl llir vtlinii' sliajic nl' llii> limlv ri'si'iiilili's llial 111' till' muliiri' lin'rinj;, s.i thai il I'liii oasily liti m'nu- iiiri'il as till' yiiinn 111' this (iili. whii'li hi'l'nrc thai liiiii' is smni'w hut iliffli'iill. I'Viini i'iiiii|iai'isiins inailr M Itli yiicini^' lii'ri'iii!,' liiniiil in llip s|iauniiii.' plari's il is sut'i' In assiiiiii' that tliusi' nl' ahinil llirci' iiirlii's in Icimlli rniinii In llir s|iaMiiini.' [ilai'i's in s|ii'int.'. arr nl'tlii' |ii'i'ri'ilinL' yi'ar'- s|)a\inini;. mill llii'iTl'iii'i' aliiinl iiiir yrar nlil. Vniiiit; licniiiy Iriiiii livr In six ini'hi's in li'iijiUi «liirli ai'i' nl'icn ruiinhi in iii'ls, an' (M'nlwilili iiiily l\in vrai's nlil. In lisli nl'lliis size till' riic anil llie null. Iiruiii In 111' lnli'i'iilily ili'M'ln|iril. anil when llif H»li has ri'iirhi'il till' k'licth iit'i'iL'lil inrhi's ami tin' ayi' nralinnl tliri'i' years, il is I'a- |iiililii lit' s{iaiMiin);. Till' t'nnil (if ihc yiiiiii;j as «cll as llir urinvii hri'i'inc, i'nii>i»l» rliirlly nf small ri'iistnrrnns aniiii!ils. intisjlijr in tin- naKnl cvr. «liirli an> liiiiiiil ill i'niiriiiiMis ijiiaiilitjiH in llir sra. Iintli in sliulluwaml ilrrji wiitc'I's. In |ias[' niio yrar. sn that, naturally, fnr smnr vrars In rniiir. Hit' kimi nf hrrrini;, in plarr- wlirrr this has happrncil. vvill hr very pimr. TlieM', ami iillirr i-aiisds nii vvhirli llir ileM'Inpinrnt nf herrilij,' is ilrprmlent, arc. Il vvever, in yet. sn little nmlrrslnnil, that nnthiiit; ilrlinile ran lir said iiliDiit llieni. lint, nn the ntlirr liaml. il is vvell kmiwn that man liiiiisi'lf ran ileslrny the hrrriiii; in a hay nf the sra hy rati-hinj; the vvlinl tribe, Imlh n'nl ami yniiiii,'. in lari;r iirl«, tliprrhv aUn ilestmv- iiig the spavv iiinu plares. I' iiiis alreailv hern staled that rrrlaiii kinds i,f hrrrini,'. parlirn- larly t!u' lar; i.' nnes, spawn nearer the land, nn a hnllniii nvernrnwii with sea-w reds. It this linltniii i> iimdr unlit I'nr spawniiii;, hv tak- ing lip nr destrnyinf; the sea-weeds, either liy nuts nr in iinv ntlirr way, the lierriiif; is, nf eniirse, nlilijjod tn sBpk nther and innrr siiit- iihlr pltu-rs, and, eniisri|iieiitly, de-rrts those inlets where I'nniierly it eanir rrf^iilarly. Hy rxprrioner. i;ainrd in Hnhnslan iind ntlier plares, it is pnivnl that the lierrintf is rxiremrly srnsinvr in this resperl, and deserts nid spawiiiiif; plarrs rntiri'ly if their rlinrarler is rham^rd. Evry line, iherel'orr, whn dr>irrs tn keep liis herrin;; lishery in pood rnndilinn. oiiijlit tn lie very rarefid n it In rhaiifje llir nature nt the ,spawiiin;r plares hy distiirliini; llie vei;elalinn or liv easlini; rrftisr and other mutter iiiln the vvater. From what has lieen said rniii-ernin;' the herring's naliiroand iiukIi' ill' lixiiiu;. il \ull In' .■\i Iriil I lull . in urdrr lint In ri«l( it« nmiihll«» liiiii, ili">lriiv llir Minni! iiikI rli llir «|mw iiinn |iliiri>«. il in liot not 111 (Mirll llll' ll«ll ill lll'lx lllllllli; lln' •>|lll« IIIIIU' "I'lliilll. lull 111 II"' ill" lii'i milv iliinii;; lliiKC |i.irliiili'< nl' utiliinm inul h.iiIit "Iii'Ii llii- liiT- rini; •itI(. Ilir ilci'|i «alcr in llii- ilili'l«; «liil<' hiii' niii iiilili licn-iiiil^ ill "•'lll('« VVIIjlillll lIlllll,'!'!' Ill I'VCr* »IM»illl 111' llll' VIMI-. rili't llltilll' 111 lUliiiiH il, ill llll- l.iMi; I'hii. lilt' iiiii«l mhiliiliifji'iiii^ m i\riv ri'>|ii'rl. ' 111. Till' r» ri'iil \ii\\^ iiili iljiiiiiij liy Sill- « illi iil'iirl til till' iiiiiMiiii'iilN 111' lliiCml iiiHJ lli'iriii;r ill Kiirii|ii'iiii Si'iiM, III iiilnari'il ill liii liisl lli'|Mirt mi llif siiliji'il " " I'll!' kiiiiU .•!' Il-h HJiiili uri' I'.Miiiil nil llll' -nil lunik' iiri-, »■> i« «i'll kii.iHii. |iniiii|i:illy liiii.', Inr^li, ( //.'.mihih cii/i/ni'ii), liiililnil iiml I'liil, lln- ■.i-i'iilli- 1 luiik I'liil. I liiivi' iilrt'.iil\. ill iin i'i|iiii'l- 111 I lie ilr|iiipliiii'iil. I'li'iii'lv »t'l il I'ni'lli ii« iii\ ip|iiiii(iii llml tin- iii-i'iilli' I I'lnil* ('nil l» iiiil a ililli'i'tiiil larii'lv iVnin llic wt'll kiMHIi «iillrP rml. nr •.kri'iil, «liirh III Miiili'i' ami all llii'miu'li »|inMi{ viniN nm "••I '"i" llic |iiir|i 'M' .il' -|)a\viiiiit;. 'I'lic wii-ln'l' li\ |Millii'«i- luiirrniiiiij llie iiiii;nitiiiii« i>r llll' MiiiliT roil inki'i'iili I'riiiii i;ri'al ili>laiiri"t in tin- i-i'iii I lian', iil'li'i' I'lii-t' •.liiily 111' llll' imliii'i' i>\' lln- li'li. I"'<'ii "l'li',;i'il •'"- li|-il> l.i aliiiiiiliiii. ami llic i'X|a'riuiU'i' .ililaiiir.l iluniii; mir i'\|ii'ilili''ii rulllil'llls llll III t\.'\-. It il iin .'■iiuii'li .11 Ihal llll' «iiili'i' I'iiil. .\liii'li i» 111 liH r.iiiinl_ iil.Hii! iiiir I'.ia'N il:iniii; « iiilrr. ami «liirli i' llif iiliji'i'l nl' ''lil nil llll' ii'iliH'i' 111' llll' Ihillmil. anil |iiiplly n" 'I"' i|i'|rli, llll' lli'i-riiiij. mill ninii'v. in r 'IH"i|iii'Iii I' it» "Imli' ii.'iiiii'i' is a U'lii'i'al |ii'lauiaii li-li. ami il> ii.i'iiriTiiri' is llii'n'rm'f |'^- ilinulv Mii|i'|ii'iiili'iii ill' till' ili'p'li nr iialiin' nt' lln' lintlinii ; Im'. i|'i till' I'liiilrarv. ili'|ii'iiilaiil ..n tlu' pliysiral ami liiuliH^'ii'al I'limliiii'ii m till' ii|i|H|' sira'iiiii 111' llll' sra. \. I Ill's ■ ar.' v.'i'v .liann.'alili', I his „|iiTii-s .il'lish nun havr Ik-'Ii I'lir- nishi.,| ui'li m.-aii- 111 I'lialili' Il s|i lily In si-i-K nil' llii' inns' liivur- alili' inii'i ill' .1-1. I'll.' Ili'i'riii',' has aisn. a- i-nntriisti'il with ihi' C.al. nlitilini'il it- 1 li'iiiiily n>iii|) I's-i'il, >HMli.'i'-liKi' Inrin. "lu'ii'l'V with llio s|ii'i'il .it aiiai'ni« il i-iiii shnir al.iiiL' llirii.it;li tin- waliT. ami in .'i nun- |iai'aiiu'K sl.ni'i liini' traii'i'-n Imii; ilis'iiii.i"' Alil,niii.'li 111 r iiilii|>! ihi' nlil i.li-as. ai'niriliim t.p»lii.li ihi' Spi'iiii,' lli'rrini.' I'mni's as il wit.. t'l'niii llm ni' niM'n'il -I'li alimil llir Viirlli I'lili'. I am. hiiH-i'MT. inrlini'il III lii'lii'M' lliii'- »"} '"'h' *''"'." i- \i.iis il is' In spawn, llll' a'sn ilni'iiii: llii- ri"the s|iavuiiiiL' iinuratinii he- triiis li.iij,' lieliire the rne nr milt are reaily tn lie ile|iiisiteil, the mH"- nf iH-rrim;. il'al that pniiit nl'time il flniN it-ell' elnse I' llie i'Oii«t, will reai'h il -n earlv llial they will he iilili;;eil In remain lliere for ii c.iiisiiler.ilile lime, ijnriiii,' wliieh it "ill liiltnrally niine tn seek clnser ill liiwarils the eniist in t\ ir.l- ami Imv-. In the emitrary ea-e. when 111., mass nl'lierrini; al till" p 'itit nriiine liiiil- it«ell'at H ennsiilernhlr ilistanee I'rniii its spiwninn pl.iees, -n Imii; lime will have pa-sed liernre il reielie* them, thai the spawniiii; prnees- will [.'n nil imnie- ili.ilelv after iheir .arii\ al .ni llie enasl. 1. Niiluri'. I'' 7.1 Tlio hnrring will thefi roiniiiii 'liily I* tliiii'l limr nloiiij tln' i'.iii«t. and tlid iipiiwnuii^ will tlivii I'nr Milt mint |):irl liK I'lirrlpil mi. mi llic oiiUinniiHl Imiikf. Itwi iic-ccHtililr to tlia IMirriiicn, — in ullicr Hi^nN, tlio Hpriiii; liorriii); lliliiTV will lie nTv^hdrl. ur I'xi'i'rilinuK hiihiic- cennfiil." 'I'lIK MI.NII \\>\:S. ' ' Tile I'ciiiRrknlili' iinlnstry td wliicli this s|)ctiiH ,,( llciiiiii; haw jfivcn i-im' in till- ITniti'iJ Stiiti's is noiii'.'.j in ('liii|i(ir \'l Its lialiits art' allicij to tliiwi' of (In. Sm liiiiiii^', wliicli liii\r Ik'cii ili.M(.rilH.il in tin. f;oveills lish life., its liio.le of spawning; leseiilliles that .if the typical If. iTin^f. ami in the n.ninrkalile variations in niinilpeis with which it njipioftches diHerent coastal watiis it airiecs with the riiictnations (listiiii.'iiisliine; the Sea licirim;- A fi'W specimens of this tish ha\e 1 n taken as far north as t 'aiiso. ami firnierly it was alinmlant on the (.oast of Maine. Much information respecting; its Ihictnatioiis is^iivcn in the following extract from a vaiiialiie llepoit : " ' V'AIIIAriiiNS IN Nl MMI-M AM> liVNOK. "Thou^'h Miole (.onstant \<\ far than some oi her species that mi^'lit he nameil. the Mn'tihailen has e\liiliiti.i| occasinnal ttuctiiatioiiH of importance. Two instances niav he cileil. 'I'lie Hrst is the ^'cmral desertion of harlmis and coves, oli.ser\eii during scvi.ral yiars past, and tl ther is tin. desertion of tlip whole coast, cast of Joiu..sport. Of the desertion of the harliois and coves there seems to lie ahundant testimony. An olisi.rver in Hoolh liav says :- 'Menhaden can l.e diiveii out of small hays so that tliev will not come ill. Certain it is that they do not coun' into the haj-H a.M they nsi.il to.' in liluehill we are told the sain.' s|ni\. Tn Jonesport it is said, ' l'oj,'ies used to run into all the co\es and creeks. Of late years the\ do imt appear to fieipniit the shores as formerly.' '['estiniony of this sort iiiiLrhl I... iniilii- plicd, lint it is nniicce.s.sary. The fact is notorioiis. hmiii;,' tlic past .season tlu.y returned to soi f tlnii old Iminits in 1,'reat niiniliers, hut have, liy im nn.aus resumed their former hahits in this respect. Of this sini,Milar clian;:e of hal.it there arc various explanations otl'ereil. Aceonlmi.' to som.' |iri>oiis, it is causeil hy the liahit of seining' ; others lay it to the oil and dccjiyinff matter from the oil factories. Neither of these ranscH ap])ear sntlicicnt to produce such a ivsull. The ileser- tion of the Coves is olisi^rved in lociditie> far ivnnived fr.uri those where the allcp'd causes have op,rated. I'eihaps after all, the thini; to he accounted for is why the nieiiha.len ever CTOwded into small hays as they used to. Were tiny then in search of foodvere they simply olieyiii;r lilind instinct, or wore they driven in liy hordes of hiini;iy foes outsi.le ' The latter supposition .set.ms cpiite as |)rin;t'r cr.iwd into tlic ciivis a-i Infiiii', It' tliis \ii\\ lie (iiiii'ct. tlifii till' iiTiiit all" si'iici- lit' till' iiiriiliaili'ii tVoiii tlir slimes iiiiiicativs an iniprovi'- ini'llt ill its cllHlln'S lit" lifl' li\ till' ITUIDV-il of its ill'stloVrl-s. Lark of iiifoi'iiiatioii fiivliiils an atti'iu|it to point nut tin' s|ii'~ liis that luiM' rM'rti niiiMt acti\i' in proilncin<,' tlnsc nuiM'nunt-. of till' iiiinhiniiii ; anil, iiiili'ril. thi' tln'orv itself is not ino- piivil as oiir that has miirh pusitivr i\ iiliiiii' in its favnr, Imt Jllsl to show the possilijlily of aieoiiilt itl;; for the alisellie of the li~ll flolu shore III the ll\ |Mi|l|i sjs of the o|lllat loll of rauses purely iiatii'iil. alul not iniuiieal. liiit ]iositively fa\oi- ahle. The ileseltioll of the eastern eiiast also rests on ainjile e\ iilrliei . Al .);)iiespiirt, Meiihiiileii used to he very plenty. l hey were ciiiniiuiMlv eaiiijht in fjill nets, two-iinil-onu-hulf falhoin ileep, hut it was practicahle ;ilinost aiivtiii.e to i{et eiinusili to i;o lishin^ with liv spearini;. I'hey heianie seaice seven, eiijht or ten ve.irs aiii, ami now verv few are eauulil. allhoiif^h some (■nine as far as t'liis every year. At I.iihee, thirlv vears aiio or iiioie, .Meiihailen were so lileiit\ iliiriii;; iheir short s-ason (.Inly anil .\iii;iistl as to he a niiisanie. 'Ihev have not liven |ileiitv sinie l.HIOor lSt.5, and now none aie t'oiind east of .loiiesporl. They left suddenly, and sinee the date mentioned have heer rarely seen. .Mr. K. A. D.ivis, of !ad)ei', a man of Ions? experienee in the herrinj; fishery, has not seen a siiiijle specimen for 'en yi ;irs. Vv. E. 1'. (lilies, also of larife experien.'e, in IHliO, or thereahonts, i;ot three hoi;sh"ads of them onr afternoon tide, ;Mid since then has M'l.ii none. .\l remhroke, Mr. Moses I,. Wilder, says that twenty years asjo, and .ilwavs licfore that, the Menhaden, used to come here every year in tjie.it niimlHrs. lillinii; every cove and creek : hut for the past Iwentv years mme whatever have heen seen. Lit- tle ii^e WIS ever made of them except for liait, and ot that hut little was needed here. In IH.")!! the .\|euiiiiilen w.i^ mentioned as lieiiiu somctiiiies caiiyhl in «ciis within the harhor ol .'^t. .lehn, N H., in con- sideraliic nnnihers. Cf late vears none have heen t'onnil in New liriiuswick, or to the north of (ir.inil ^Lulan. I'his well-es- tahlished minenient of the Menhaden is eiiually mysterious vith the other, and speculation on its causes wouhl, in the pre- sent state of our knowledge of the iidliiences in operations, he ei|ually fruitless. It is, howevt , worth oh.sorvins; that there do mit appear to have heen any artificial causes al work snilicient to produce such ,i result. .\ot only is that coast more thinly jH'opled than .my other alonij which the Mi'iihaden raniri', hut the pursuit of them hv m.ui was on the verv smallest scale. It is therefore amoni} the natural caii.ses art'ectiiif^ them that we must seek an expl.iiiation. Neither of the piK'iiomena eit d proves that there lias heen .i ;{ene;al diminution of the niimher of the Menhaden. Even their ahsence Irom tht' coast o( a whole st.ite does not prove tlmt they are not present somewhere else, Especially inaileiiuate to the proof of diminished nnmhers is the ahsence ol the tish from the immediate vicinity of the shore. The co.nerse is ei|ually t'ue. I'linsiial ahiindance oi .Menha- den ill any particiilu district, or even along the coast of a whole State, does not prove a general increase. .Ml s.ich variations, whether they seem to indicate decrease or increase, can he ac- counted for on the hypothesis of a change in range." Jtepurl of ih" yfiiim- Jioftri/ n/' .{(/ricuUnrc, 187.j(i. W lit'ii tlic sliifciiitMils contiiiticd III 'lie foiTtfoiiiji siimmiiry III tlie lliutualiuiih in Mcnliadeii sclioiils arc ((imparcd with those o< the StM Ilciriiig, the analofjy in tho lial)its of the two species will npjicar remnr'.ahle. Perley states that (about the year 1850 I "it is someiinies caiiijht in the weirs within the haihor (if St. Joiiii in I'diisiileralile niinihers." Its value as a hail for Cod is in a considciahle dejn tin, .NVwInunclliui.i CmihI nii.l tl ,■ l,.il,ni.|Mi-, (i4 ; Tli.>r.ir|iiilil,v of .Mm-kiM-cliliiiiiiK Hio winter s,.iis,,ii In l-:ur..|wnri waters- Ori the f..„M» ..|- .\e«f,,mi,lli,n.| On \„vii S,-,,|mn SI:,, res, (;.-,: o,, tl,,. (■,,„.t» „f the fnile,! stales, IW -. M„v,.„ t> „f the .M.ekerel, (17 ; M-iekerel Caleh hv 1 niteil Stales Kisher n, (18 ; l>,Mnini„n Caleli „l Mii.-kerel Caieh in .\..va Se.>lia.(l!l; Annnal (ateh in \„va S,>„li«, 71); |',.ri,„|,s when Mackerel ap- prnm-h the r.,,M In \„u, Se„lia. 71 : In the rnile.l Slates, 7i : The spawn- ing cif Mackerel in Knri,|iean waters, 7.'1 ; In thednlf „l St. Liwre.n'e (In the (.•,,n,,ts ,,r Massachns^tts, 74 ; IVri,,.lical .ilmn.lHnee ,,n the Oasts ,,r \,,va Scntia, 7.-. ; The Cnite.l Stales MMck.rel Kislu.rv. 7i-, ; (•.,n,'ln*i„„. 77, I'lIK .MA(Ki;i!i;i, ON M:\\K()IM)|,aM) ((tASTS. ii\-. In a \V,,rk ,.|ititlr,i • Wiiii.l.-iin.;- ■rii,,ii;rli|s ,,r S,,liiiirv H.illls; l,y I', ■r,.C,|llc. 1' I pill.lisllcl i„ |,,„„|,„|. i„ tl„, vr;lV |N4(;. til,, llllflmi- ivfcl-s tn t|„. |„vs,.|l( f til,. MiH-k. 1,1 ,.ll th,. -Innv,,f |l„. |sl,ii„l. ,,l„„it th,. y,.,Mr I77I-. It ,|,.s,.rt,Ml the enlist tor ;(l„iiit .-Id y,-iii-s. ivtiiniiiivr in |S0+, Tli,.y ;i;i|M.;ir t,, ''■'^'■' 11 "'"iii'limt until |,s:i7, wli,.ii they a^'niii',-il,nii,l,.ii,.,l tlir NniMi-Ku.st Atliintic (■,„|..t. In Whit,' P.ny nn,i I'.iiy ,,f NiMiv Diiiii,. Jill ;ici-,, lints iv]iivs,.iit them t,, Iniv,. 1„ , m \,r\ iiliinHhiiit ii frw y,.,ifs l„.f,,iv tlh.jr sti,|,|,.n ,lis,i|,|„,ir,in,-,. in l.s:<7. 'I'll,. ,|ii:intily sine,. tiik,.n Ims Viiii,.,| ,.,i,h yv.w. Init it '\"vi not Miiiii.fif timt tli,.y Imv,. cv,.!- h,.,.!, ,,l,s,.|-\,.,|\iii,.,. I,s:t7 in siieh .xtiMdnlinfiry niiiiili,.|-,s ms t,, lwi,| t,, th,. ,ii.i-in ,.t' th,. .sayiiij,', h,.i-,.,.ift,.|- r,.F..ir,..l t,.. tli.-it ■ th,.y l,n\,. I n ,.nrs,..l .ilf th,' |..)a.st." A( Aillik iin,| Ky|i,.k.,k ,,n th,. Liil,|.ii,l,,r. s,,iii,. |.-,() niil,.s N,irti:-w,.,i ,if H.itiiilt.iii liil,.t, th,. writ,.|- wns |,;1,| l,v r,.>i,l,.nts, thiit th,. Miickcivl u,.|-,. nliiielaiit in I s7 1 , ;in,l ;i T.-w wr,. (.iii,;,'lit in ( '.i,| ,s,ii|,.s. At l),.ul,l,. |..'aii,l llai-hnr. s,,ni,. lift,.,.n niil,.s l„.y,„|,l H,,,,,.. chil,.. 11 Kr,n,.|i Cniiinlitm ivsi,|,.nt inC.in,,.,! d,,. uHt,! il,;,t tli.i-,. u,is ■ a sratt,.rin.,' ,.t' .Maek.ivj in that |,iiii ,,|' (h,. ciiast, hilt ll,.iiin- s,,ni,.(i,ii,.s, in ,.,,.inti,... niiiiil...|s, n,> S,|iii,|. " '''■" .Sal 11. aii'l iiiaiiy Saim ,n 'rr.nif. ''■i|'' '!'■'' "iivy., if II, M S, l|,.l,.,ia. st;,t,.s. in his K,.|„,it a,l,lr,.ss,.,| (,, Vi,.,.^A,liiiiial I Iiiii,|,mi.'i1,I .",th S,.|,t,.|iil„.|.. l,>s.".() - N,.wf'd .l,,iiiiiil ,,|' Ass,.niMy, l,S.-,| |,,.|jr,. Ul t|„it ■■ Mack, .r,. I hav,. lint l„.,.n (ak.ii in l'l,ii.,.niia Hay f,,r lli.. last lu,iit\ .viiis: l„.f,,iv tin, |„.n,,| -Mm ,,, .•{do,, i,.,,.,,,!^ „,.,,. ,.,1^,,;, ■ liiriii;;- ,ii,-li ,,!' th,. till-,.,. .11- f,,i||. |i|.,.viniis y.-ar-. anl v..ss,.ls fniiii th,. \V, .stern |i:iit ,,|' Nn\,.| Sella iis,.,| |,, ,.,,iii,. r,.^-ul:irly nil that Kisl^.i-v ," Itiisiiii; th<.if enii|.|ii,i,,ns ii|„„| (|„. ,|at,. ,,f th,. aiiiuaiaii,.,. ,.f th,. .Miicki.n.l ii| th,. Nnith ,.ast ,.,,as( ,if N'e\vf,iiin,|lnn,l. th,. fislicniicii Stat.- that th,. Ma,.k,T,.l a]i|i,.n|. first in th,. S||.ait ,.|' Hi'lle Isl,., tll,.ll in Whit,, jijiy. th,.ll in (if,.,.!!, ,„• N,,t,.,. I>aiii,. May, In this iiaiticiilai- th,.ir iii,,v,.|ii,.iits ivs,.nil,|,. tli,,s,. nl' th,. (',i,||ish ,,n th,. N, !•;. ,.,„„|. 'j'ln.y ar,. s,.,.n ,„, ili,At- lanti(. i.,iast ,it' th,. Islan,!, t'rniii Cap,. Sp,.,.i|. tn <,»iiirp,,n, ,arl\- in th,. iiiniith ,it' Aii;:iist. aii,| i.,.niaiii until Nn\,.iMl„.r, ..r in iiiihl \v,.alli,.r, until as laic as !),.<•,. nilur: aii,l ,i<.,.,,f,liiiir i,, M,. .lah,./. 'rU|,.y, iiiital ■■ the t'fost sots in. ■ sin,-,, th,. v,.:ir Is:!.",, I, I'aijo .rtd. 78 thi'V h,l\.- lint l.rlll lIMIlHTnlls rill tllr Nnllll rll~t AtllUltic ri list. Ii;' In till' Vriir |S7(). TIll'V Mlv llnl IMltlvi | llrlll I V 'i|. scrvcil nut Mt srii. lull ■ |)lii\ ill;; nil tlir •.iirfil;c. Tllr ilii|iri-^- sinll iMllnlli;- nlil tishcrilli'll, tlllll tllr\ I •MlrMilnl n|| tllr 11)' [ifoarli nf Willtcl- is niiiitiiiill. ninl liillin rnii> insl;iiinN nf liii- ilitiiiliiil stiitclllcllts In tills I'H'i'ctcilli lin iirrllliiilliltrij, l.iil till' yiillll^iT i^i'llcnilinli iln lint Jl|l|H'll|- In llMVi' ^ivrll :\\\\ ,1 1 1'lll inn til tliis siilijcct, |irnlinlily lirciiiisi' tin- i:riicriil srinvit\ nf ili.' lisli iliiriii;,' latiT Vfiii-s Ims |iii>vi>iiti"l lln'ir all' ntinu Ik in- iliawii (n till' sillijiil. TllK 'I'l'lilMDlTY iPKTiii; M M K KiiKi. uriiiM; iiiK WiMi:i: Si :\ SON IN Imiicipkan W vii:hs (l">. Mulls. H. ill' 111 liliincliii'ir. in liis • l,ii I't ilic it Li'.s Pnissolls." " ' st.'ltl'S (is slllijniiii'il willl IT;.;!!!'! tn tlic lllllckcVi']. '■ Plcvilli'-K'-I'i'liiy, nil till cniitrarv . alliniis lia\ iii'.r <''''ii in till' iiiiililli' (if wiiitiT. ill iii'i'|i nni'l'ly Imlt'iin--. iiiyriails nf iiiiickcri'l. |iiifki''l clnsc niii' against tln' nlliir witli nim Imlf nf till' li'iily ]iliin^'i''l ill till' iiiiiil, wlii'iv thi'y iviiiaini''! iluriiii.' till' wintrr. In iiiaiivnisi' si'iison,. .\-> s'lnii as -|iriiit,' rani''. tlii'V aiMiisi'l tliniisi'Kcs frniii tlirir tnr|'nr, ami a|i|irari'il al- ways nil the same ilay deep ellnlle-li in tile mini nr sallil. iiN rin: ihasin uk vkwi-iunim ,\nii. Jiiliii Riee, 111 Little Hiiilior, 'I'wiliiii^j.ite, iiilnniieil tlie writer llial lie lemeiii'iered his lather freipiently allmliiii; Ki the Maekeiel ot While Hay, Newlnimllaml His I'.iiIht staled that he had often seen Maekerel in White Hay emiie on shino like Scpiid with scales nii their eye> and liliml ahoiit Christmas. This 'K'l'iined ahoiit 40 \ (".'.is aijii, when Maekerel «eii' very ahnndnil in White Hay. Maekerel have heon taken in \(i\emlier ia Trinity Hav, ar- loriliiiLf lo Mr .lahez Tilley, liefore referreil to. lliev are In lie I'oiiiid on ihi- whole eoast trom (Jnirpmi lo Cape Spe.ir diir- \n\i Noveiiilier and Deceinher. The anpearaiiee of the lisli •' with seales on their eves and hlind" coincides in a reniarkahie nianiier with a similar appe.irance recorih'd in Nova Seoti.i and Ne« Kiiitlaiid .Xllmlie waters, lliiis Icadiiii; In the cniiclusioii lli.il the winter home ol the tish is eertaiulv known I'rom the Strait- of Helle Isle to Mass.ichilsetis H.iy, and is in the deep waters "(<' tiie coasts, assimilaliiii; in this respect to oilier lood fishes whose life is :;peiif in cold suh-.Vrtir wafers. I'N rilK I M.\M's I If NiiV \ SI 11 II A. .\c'- 'I'liii;,' I" iiifniniatinn nceiveil ffnin Mr. Henry N. i'aiiit, "f Halif.iN. mackei'd have li.-''ii taken in the ilivef llihal'iianl s I'.asin. near lli.' (Iiit '.f Cansn. wilh a ■ Mint n\er the eye. ill the last wik in May. The maekeri'l taken there in the spring, lik'- llins. eaiiL;lil "II th'- M'ntlirili enlists (if New Kli;;laiid. are lal'^i', pnnr and llal'lv, aii'l ''iiinN aiii'iiiy' Ineal lishernieii llii' name nf • Leather llellii's 111 (leinln'r aii'l Nnveiiil"-r till';. call tliian. 'iii ae- cniiiit nf their fatness. ■ Hl'iati'is.' At the eastern part nf Cape ( 'aiis", almiil th'' < '.a iis'i Is- lands. Ihey are tak'-n up In Iheemlnf NnWllllier. Knllllerly they v.-ei''' fniiii'l ill iiicivililii'' iiiiiiili''rs in the liasin nf the I. I'llll-. Isi'.s. 79 Itiv.l- lMl»ll,il,nil>, Xvll,.lV ll„. l,nl|,„M is i„ii.|,lv. I„ | nTO. No. I iM.trk.ivl «,.|v tak.Mi in linis |)Or |,„k,., on tlir Isth \„- ;,'ilst.. near \Vliyci.kciiiii;;li. I>|-. (!il)>ill ,|,s,Til,rs, ill III,. ■•'I'nillsiu-tiolls ,,f ||,r \,>v,a Sn.tiaii lii>li(ut,.„r S,.i..,i..,.; „ ,.,;„.kri,.l l„,iio.|it in tli- lliili- in\ fish iimrkrl.,.M tli,' 27(.li ()rtol«.r, l.so:,. Tli,. ■ lii v.t " >■'■ " '-* "'"■* '■'■tVm.,1 to : ■• As til,, tisli li,.. ,|,.,„| ,, n„.|,i- liianr tVoiii til,. |,„.L.Ti,,r |,nit ,,f tl„. ,,|.|,it l,„lf ..I,,,,.,, i|„. ^.y..." Im II Mil,s,.,|n,.nt |,aiM-iM|,l, Dr. (illpjn wri(,.s as r..li,.ws: - "His a.ss,.rt,.,| t(a.|H,lity ,lnnn- w inr.T. „.|,l Min.ln, -.>, i.oih ";''"'' '"liti'-Ms iia|,|„.,i ,,, ,1„. I,ii(n„.i,i„,is, fiiN,,.,. tln-.sc. '"■"-^' -'' I''" '"" 'liiiil^ "'■ li.M\,.y,.! si,|li,.i,.|ii |,io,,rt„ iiss,.rt tlii'iii as facts.' ■''''"■ iii..|iil,ran,. liair .'..v ,.|in- tli.' ,.\ , is ass,.rt,.,l l,v tli,. Hslicnncn. in .•aily spriii,;. to ^o^,.,■ tli,.' u h,,),. ,.v,., n.i j,,.,,,.,.^ iHTliaps. til,. ,s|,,ry ,,f Ills l,lin,|n...s.s. Ijis small ami nnnwn.ii.s Inis. ,nr,,i-,linsj- t,, tli,. .\f,'a.ssi>iiaii tli,.,,rv. iiiasnnicli a.s li,. ivs,.ii,- M,s til,. ,.nil,i-y,. of all Hs|i,.s. wl,i,.l, l,..,v,. tlir tins in ,,n,' n.ii- ro« coMtinn,.,! I„im,| tVoi.i li,.a.| to tail, also pr,,v,. liim |,,u in ""• "'■"'•; "'■ iiitcllij;,.! .'■ During .son,,. s,.,is,,iis tli,.y lin-.T on tlif N',,va S,-,,tian ast until DvccniluT. - ' The |{,'\. .I.ilm .\nil,i'os,.. s|„.|ikiim- ,,f til,, iiuickcivl. say.s:-- '■'■' ■Til,- tliir,| Min of iMMck,.|vl takes '|,la,-,. al..,ut tli,' first ,,f Anj,'ust. Tlii's,. Iiiiv,. n,> spawn in tli, •in an,| aiv niniiiii;^- \\,.st- wanlly, li is tli,. ,,pini,,ii ,,f numy il,,.|| tli,s,. aiv n,,t ivtiiin- in,- fi,,i,i tl„. (iiilf ,,f .St. Lawivnc,.. l„it fi„n. s.-a. an,l it may l„. thai a p,,iti,>n ..f I li,. immi'iis,. s,.|i,„,|s passinir ••astwacll'v in .spi-in;r, snik,.s ,,tr I,, ,s,,iii,. fav.,iiiit,. hank .,iitsi,|,., t,, .;■•- l)osit til,, spawn. ( ir tli,.r,. iii„y 1„. ,i .,,,t iliat urvw j;,, ,.|s far •■•'■■''"'■ "■'•-' ''-^ " tll,.lS. I,||t willt,!- al,.ll,- ,,111- s|'|,,|vs. Inr i,n,d.,.l I,.,,; /„,„ /„.„„,//,/ „/,/,.,„„ -/„, ,„,„/,/,^ /„,//,„„.,' „f s,.iii,.,,f .,m-,,iit,.iM-,,v,.s l,y p,.rs,.ns spi^ann,,,' f,,!' .-(.Is tli|.,,n,^'h til,. i(.|.." In the tall of tlu- ycai- it is stated tliiit among the srlionls of fat Mackerel tli(.ii taken, there are ahv.iys a eertaiii pereeiita^'e, some say as many as one-tenth, which aiv ihl,, ,,n,l p„or. ,nul -o inider the name of "rac<.rs" ,)r " slinks." 'Hie Salile Island Mackerel are sai,l l„ hr mmli lar;,'|.r and falter than those eauarht elsewhere on the Xov.i S.^otian coasts. " In 1850 the fish wore plenty and took th,. hook well, hut in 18.")1 the fish appeared at times to he abiinilaiit, hut w,)ul,l not take the hook." I' i UIMKIMN,: ,,!■ MMKKIIKI. ,,N TIIK ,',IASTS ,,|. Till: r\ITl:l) sT.\Ti:s. <■•■'' M. When the \ra,kerel Hrst appi'ar on the coasts of the I'nited .States in tli,. southern part of Xew Kngland, they are so poor that they cannot he sold for food. !".i After they liave spawned in May fvide U. S. Fishery Report, p. (it.) they rapidly increase in fat and are taken in great numi.eis in the summer ami fall. I. Till, wrili.i- Inn sefii riiu,.k,'r,.|.,.|i,i>;lil at lli,.|.|i,| .if .liui,.. in ih|. Ilalil'i,.\ mark,'!, wiili llm aim still ..nviTiiiy tli,. Ihinl pint ot 111,. ,.,v,.. ■-'. (iil|,iii |,iin,. 14. Trails. .\. S. Inst. .Nut. S.i,... is'(i,-|.|i(i. '• \V,. luivi' si.,ii iliiii ,1111- liiarinM; pas.si.s his I'.vitiiuncf all,.ninli.|,v in ii stni,. ,,| i,.st in ,leo|) s,iun,liiii;<. (ilii, i-p,«t iMt .SI. ,l(-o|i, tlimi),'li. ns fr,,iii r,.,.,.,,! fii,.t.». we inf,.r 111,, mack,.!-,.! ,li„.s, wli„. it w.iulil iipiicur. liM-ninivs tiirpi,! uii,l Miinl ilininn wiii'.i.r, like ,.,.rtiiiii luilrai-liiniis, wlmni lii> n.s,.nihli.» in his ,.nl,iii|..) ,,11,1 .,f a hinhl.v ai/ralf,! lui.l livi.fv ,.vi.sti>ni'n upon tlii' sinfa,.,.." I Dr. li,.rii;u.,l (iilpiii, Trail.". .\. .s. Inst. .Vat. .Si,-., \!*I\X i a. 01i,s,.rvati.nis,.n lli,- Fi.shiiij.- (Ir.ain.ls nii.l Ki,| l.y l,,.r,nizi. Snl.in... ."i. .s,.,. |{,.piiri ,,r III., (■|iit,,.| stali.s Ciiiiniissiiiii ,.( |.'|.l, nii.l Kisln'iii's Is: I -7:.'. (i. Ilii.l, p. III. 80 [ii nplv ti) till' questions Hiihrnitti'd l)y tlic I'liitcd States I'isli- t>ry (Joiiimissioiu'i- in 1871, wliidi iirc |)iiute(l on jiagi-s .'(, 4 nnd 5 of Kcport lor ISTl-V-', llic loliowini.' sujjgestivf aiisvi-r is ijiveto <|iicsti 111 No. IS : tjiic'stion. No. IS. — •' Wliicli sex conus in Hr>l, and linw far advanced i^ ilic ~|)i\\M in till' female on liist anivinj; .'" Answer. '• Maeken l." " Moth come ill tojrether. 'I'liere is a s^aje over the eye. »" tliit if ioiik^ verv dim in the Spring, and they will not bite." "1 .\i(ivi:.Mi:Nrs ok ■imik .m.m'Kkhki, -:\y it i^ fat an. I lari.'.'. aiel is s,ai;.;ht I'.ir idiii.i-t .iitiivly ill th.' I!a\ < 'li.aleui> : aii.iii it is lean and small. .lis.Tis that hiiv and tie- a.ljae.'iit wal.iN. an. I freipieiits foieiii'ii Hanks, iir oiir own shores " ■ hiirilii.'- tho lir->t half ..f lli.. la-t (■.■ntiirv tli.T.' ar.' stiile- iiimt- wliieli -how th.at a siiiLfle vessel, tishiiii,' in Miissiiehu- -.'It- ll;i\,..ften t...ik ei;;hl llllll.lled liHlTels ill 11 sellsull. in oiir own day it has hiippeiied on the siid.leii ii|i|ieHr(inee of ii school after a lapse nf year-., that lan.lsmeii. women iiml ehil- ilr.'ii iil'.an.l.iii.'d tli.'ir aee.i-.t.aiH'.l .•iiipl.>\ m.-nt- l.i lish with pan~. l..i-k. Is. icay- aii.l pilehfoiks, and the like. an. I to pio\e how Ir.ii- it is that necessity is the iii..lhei- of iiivi'iitioii." ■ S.I I.I.I .iiir lislHTinen. pr.ifcssiniially ei|iiippe.l. even to th,. ,7. s.il, ,'iiid s:iii'-ir, sh r. iveall iiianv an (Acilini:' scne ]»■- tw.'.'ii an. I ..If til.' cap.'- of Massaehii-..'tts within tin- last tweiity-tive years. I'll. '11 11 I.SIl'J oil.' hundred ami lifty ves- sels aiel hoals sailed fr..iii I II. nicest. t in one day. to li.ink seine or ijart'. a- cin iiiii^tanco sleiiiM I'e.piiii-. tli.- mas- ..f lish that appeaie.' iii:ir ill.. Iiarlior of tliat p nl ; in fs.'il, ..n.- hiin.lred thoii-aiel liari.'ls wen- i.aii;;lit ill lifl'i'ii .la\>; in l^+.'i, lai'u'e (|iiaiititi.- w.'iv -iciiiv.l fi.iiii wharves ami rocks, in hoats aiel on laft-. ..II n.l- and ivilli-. hy .lipping' an.l sp|.:u-ini; ; in I.S+7. ■ a stor.' .•xec'dini;' lai;,'.' and I'al w.t.' -.•.•ii .-it -.-a. olf ('.ipe ('•id. will r.' Iiiiats e.iiil.l 11. it -af.lv fill. iw ami, in tie- alisi^iiei- .if a e.in.-id.Talili^ pail nf tie \e— .•l-,-it ih.'liay ( 'lial.ui - iim-t Were siiH'eled to i-.cap.' ; ill I .Sl-S a licet .il' six hllll.lreil vcss.'ls ami li.ial-. caiii;ht twc'Ue ih.ai-an.l haiiels in twelve .lays, and in IM-!itli.' ■.iicc.-.s iif a -mali.^r iiuiiili.'i nf m— .•!- th.iii^h ll|i|cll le--. U.l> Vet sllllieient In lilri.^V.^ the losses (if olln-l' ami iieii-.^ .li-l.iiit li-hiii;;' jiToiimU in tli.^ early jiart of that seas.ili.' ■■' 'I'll.' Ihictiiatioii- ill lli'^ app'aiam f llii- li-li app.ar lo l.i^ e.iiiilii.ili 1.1 all .Vlii.^l icaii water-. Hid the acciiillit- n'ivell of -eh. ml- ill .Massachiisi'tts lia\. N.-w KiiL;laii.|, arc in aecm-d with th.isi- related nf schools mi the ii.irlh-.a-t Atlantic shore .if N.-" I..iiii.llaii.l. I llii.l, |i. Ill I. ' Ufii.it -III ill.' riiii.'iintl Ki'^li.Tit"' .if III.' .ViihTii'itn S».ii«," i'lx. ').ii'. \Vii»liiiii;l..ii. IS.V.'. |.. :tr.l. ■J. I'll;;.. .■I.VJ. Ml (i.S. Mr. Siihinc j,'ivcs it (■(iiiipicliriiNivc tiiMi'. iliowin^r tlic nnmlicr of Imiivls n( Muckcivl iiis|i.Tt(i| in Massiu-liilsptts, N'l'W Hiiiii]sliii'i' iiiiil Miiinc liclwicii I.S04niiil IM.')-J. Hi'twci'ii iHli) iiiid l.s'rj tile imiiiliiT uf liarivls siiluiiittiil to iiisjiirtion tVoiii nil coiiiiliiis iiikI si'iiN Miiii'il I'roiii 40(),()(M) in \h:U to M.OOOin IH+O. anil ii;;Hiii from .".(I.OOO in |,S41 to :):«.()()() in l.s:.l. 'I'lii'sc aic iii'iriMons variations, anil sliow imw iiiijinlar anil lia/nnloMs till' Imsiiicss of .Macki'iil HsIhtv has ln'i'ii ini- ili'f till' oil! systi'ni of inanai;i'niint. ninl snlijiit lo tlir iiifiila- tioiis inijiosi'i! Iiy si'|)iiiati' maiitinii' iiy;lrts. 'I'lii-sc ri'Miaikalili' iliH'iTi'nccs in cntcli nmliiiMr ilou n totln' jHTsi'nt iliiy. mill aiv rniinn'iiitiMl ],\ ( ',i|ii Atwooil, as '/lyru in snlisi'i|Ui'nt |iaiaL,'iii])lis. Thf variation aninially takinj; jilari' in tin' ini|iiirtation of Marki'i-i'l into tlir I'. S,, ni'i-rssiirily Hssimilati's in a nirasun- to tlir yrars or i;iom|is of vi'ars alri'aily yiNrn. 'I'lnis in |.s:!() wlirn tlirri' wi'iv .•(()«.()()() jianvls ins|)rctiMi in Ma»iiilin>rtts. only .-iiil wm^ iiii|i,iitiil. In I.S+I), wlu'n 2.'t4,- 72:i ucrr ins|icTlril. no l.s> (Iuim I .'tN. .•)():> urri' inil)ortiMl ; uiiil in Im:>I, «1i, II :i:{i.:f|.'i miv inspiTtiil. lOi.fi.SH liarri'is wi'ii' imiiorti'il. all of uliicli r; • from tlw liritisli Anii-rican I'rov- ini-i's. Ill IS.M tlir iiiiiiil.rr (if rniti'.l States lishrrmiii .■ini.loye,! in llir Mai-kii-i'l Fislniy u err as follows : — ('■' Niliiiliridf Mrii anil lioys. 'I'oiinayr. \'fsscls. :t.!i!i:! .v.t.Ho 040 'I'lir followiiii;- talilc shows tlir tiiiinai,'r ciiiployiMl In tile Marknvl Fishery of the I'. S. ilurin;; trieiniial perioils: — I-- l'"<:l'*^ .■>(l.(i4!l i-MI Il,:!:.>l \su.. . :''. 111.170 IH4.S 4:{,.-,.-,(i l>*'>l .■)0..-):t!( 1^" The siidilrii variation in the amoinit of toiniaj;i' iMn|)liiycil in till' tishiry is very i^reat, ami fully imlicates its pnrarioiis i-harai'ler iimli-r formrr tivaly stipulation^. Tin- rntrh of I.S.'ii ilirt'rivil from the i-atrh of Is.M l,y no 1,-ss than i;!!..'iO!l harivls. This vast iliHrrnirr with all its attendant evils, miijlit liave I n much iliiuinisheil if perfect freeilom of action aiuonu' tiNlicriueii hail c.xisteil in T. S. ami Dominion watt'i-s. ( 'ajjt. Atwooil einnneiates in his ■ Keniarks nn the Fisher- ies of the ( 'oast of Massachusetts." puMishe.l in the Report of the r. S, Fishery Commissioner, for I.S7I-72. '*■' the followiii;,' years as noted for e.xtreine variations in catch. l^'il (ircal catch, ;{.S.'),."i.")!l liarreK inspected. iN-'il l.s:!!i (iradiial falliiii.' off. \Xi'.\ -l,S44 Fell to 7').000 harrels in a vear. I.N4I Onlv M).'M-2 harrels. I!S41 IMil (lia'dual increase. IISOI — 1,S71 -JOO.OOO liarnls. I.S7I '■'' :J:i4.ooo In Newfoundland the almndance of mackerel for nianv years on the north-east Atlantic coast was so irreat that the lish were not only used as manure, lail i;ave so much troulile to the fisher 11, that their suliseipient diminution in nnmhers was attriliutiMl hy the tishermcn to their heiiii; " cursed off' the i'i)a.Ht." I. I."i"iizii Siihini'. K.\. Il.ii'. ls,")L', |, .'liVJ. •J. Il.i.l. ;!. Tlii.s liillVr- lr,.ni ilu- Iii..|iic'Uir ILiiiTnl'^ reliiin hv iiniul.v imiHi tens. ■I. IX'" 117. .y It w.iiiM h.' ilillii'iilt to -how- hew niiirli of this c.itili wit- liiLfii in flrili.ih .Vnicrii'iiii watt'fs, .M> (»!■ till' West <'iiii,st (if liclilllil tllr visits lit' till' miickrlil lire alsii vifv III rtiiiii, " ' iiiiil, IikIimmI, a siiiiilftr imciTtwiiiU U) tliiit iif till' licriiiij; I'vcrvwlirii' ii)i|ii'iirs tn lii'lmii,' tn tlir iimcki'icl. l>ii\iiMi>N ( 'aicii ill- Maimiu;!.. Hi'. Tile i|iiiiiititiis lit' Imirrls of iniii kiTcl rctiiiiUMl ii.s c'liiiniit (III tile fdiiNts iif till' Allaiitic I'roviiucs uf tlu' hmiii- iiiuii lUTonliiijf t(i tlic tJililcs coiitaiiUMl in tlir rvrpurt uf tlir t 'iiiiiiiiissidiirr lit' Kisliciii's, aic j^iviMi in liilili' No. 1., wliicii follows. Tiilili' No, II. (•oiitiiins tlir (iimiititii's caufflit, as I'stiiiiiitcij liv ilir |)i|iiit\ of ilic Minister of Agriuultiiify'" 1 No. 1. No. II. Ytvii-H. XlUIllflT « ( Hanvl. ..1 M.ic'k tiinifd. •re! IV N»'. ' f lUir.'l. ..f M-iiki-rel (...ll liiilteil .IK riiiulit. I!m;:i,()ll :>iM->-2 I.s7() :>i:2in !):<,it72 I.H7I iM)Mn 2+.-..(il2 IH7-2 ll!I.H.-)!l l:2i>.l+:. 1 ,s7.S i:t.!Hi(i l-.>(i:fJt |N7li 1(I4.:;.m; Thr fl Nn\.\ Snri'iA. iwiiii; tfililc shows thr n^'Ti'i'iiti' ciitcli of iiiiicki'iTl in Nova Scotian watn-s iliiiiiiL; tlii'V^ars IM.M. I.hiII. ami IH(1!» to lN7 l,s7() ,s.-i,2.')4 Ifs71 iiH.\y2 ]s7-2 ll.'i.(::tl .-)()..•)()() I,n7:! 1 + 1.(11).') l(),«+2 l,s74 I22.2.-1N .so.4(i() 1.h7:. u\:2:\r> 24,40() IS7I1 7().'.i'ivl cauirht in racli Connty of Nova Scotia, ixliiliits tin' iia- tniT of till' llnrtnatioiis on ili'tiniti- iiortioiis of the coast line. 1. ■• III 11 .Sm,i I'lsiiiuy," IIiilit«wortli, iMige 120. •_'. T" the iiiiiiii'iir nl liftrri'ls rHuriii'il us taki'ii, (Iiitp iiiii-'l In- aiMi).l I he nniiihei' of cans of niiii-kercl inttiiiifailure.l, wliiih iiveriiKf aiP.IIDO eai-li your, iliirina till' ■ J > "^ '•^ o ^. ^ Si; -^-i J 5 s >K '^ Fh ■^ ^ 1^ ^ ;o u ~ <. — -^ 5^ ., ^ '-^ -^ K .' . y; . a .2 ?5 i •5 -J -r di rf ?i >6 r- r- US « I- ■' •■— """W^ .lit* — t^i*^ 1^ r: ?i I- P: 5i — " ^. ii ?. ^ .-. y» * ■:: ^ r^ -c -3 n « 0> 10 C r? r^ CI « 'X ^. « — 5 I ifi w ?i 1* a» ri — .^ ?i 71 ^ r^ a i ' -c ri I - I ' :€ I "" 71 1- CO ~ ■-*;€-: — • z-i o 1.- It I- -r Ti — -. * « s> J-. 5 I'i C-. rt Ti 5i — :■= £ 9 £ ^ '/• li|.= i|t|ll|t5i-l|l£ I* iiiei«5i KM'iiKIS 111 Mai KKIIKI. HmM NkWKiUNKI.AM), I'AKKX KIKi.M IIKHIIAI. RkTI'MNH. "•' y«it. OaiktMarkml. Ymr. 1 llirnl. lMi4 1 .(IS.') iN.'.i ' 1 tr.. IH 1.1 >1n. IHI7 !t+l IM.'ili j INIS 1.1. vs to Mil ii'tiinis. l(l(i!l \ iNllt 7.S() iH'iO i,s7(>'-': ii)i!i INil 7(HI 1H71'''' I.:i7+ 1H22 !i2:« 1x72 •i"^ IH2:« 4:11 ! l.s7:t ■*" IS24 :i:.- 1«74 10 l.s2:> .-illO IM7.-. IS2(i --.1 |M7li M IS27 v.m ls2!t ti-il I.Kk 1X30 .'.tlO isrjl II ii; ls:i2 11:1:. l,s:<:< 14! 1 !«:»+ III! I'l'tiin . lH:r> l.s:Wi 7'.i I.S.S7 imiii'. 1 ,s:iis (■ isrlii IIOIH . IHK) 1 lliiUc clIllLlhl 1 ISV.'i ^'^■.lUll|>^ "MKN Mai kiiiii. AiTimArii nil; Cham'. 71, Till' lu'iiiiiU wlii'ii till' iimrki'ivl ii]i|iriiiirli tlif Atlimtir rnil^t iif NnVIl Srotill .Mini tllr rilitnl Stillr>. illl.l tlic'dulf of St. l.ilwii'Mi'i'. iilr 11^ t'lillnws : I. IN NllVA SI nil AN WA I'l.llS. ;;,„i//, i„u-l of Snr„ Sn,li„. iMli tn 2.-,tli Miiy. '' ■ Ix.Vi . •■ 'I'l,,. cliii.t' |iliii-i.^ t'nr iii'ttiii^- mill M'iiiiiii; uiiickcivl in tlir sjirinj.' mv ihr 'I'li-ki't Islamls. tlir \vi>t -^iilr of ( 'ain' Siililr ,.ast su\r of St. .Miiriiiiivts liny. Littli' Mnrliour Wiiiti' lli'wl, St. l'itii'>. in ('ii]ir Uii'tnii, Aiititrnnisli. iVc." dlllf „l Cilll^n. K'nfi- liilnlliildills lirl.f NovimluT, at till' Cansii Islaiiils. ILdit'ir. .\,ir,i Sinii, I. —May l.'lli. witli Hliii .>v..r thr .•ye; I'Mi-.apiii'ar niiililli' "r Nnvi'tiilu'V. .S7. M.ny.irrf" l{o,i.,rrsf 0/ //.///yW.r- .May 1 .'.tli.'"' -" I" „„.■ iii-lit till' i.iai-kiivl will -ti-ikr tin- stioivs fur i.vit oin- hnii.liv?! Miili'> in rxtrnt. wiinv imt mi.. wa> mtii tlir ilay l.i- fmv.- ••' r,.,/.v/ ,,/ Cii^' Hntni, !.■>!, (ml Spi-iliL.'. Mmk.'ivl jilv tak.-ii I'iiily in .Imn'. ~' Mnifis liiisni. nniiii',' til.' |.ii'M-nt M',is,,n IH"7 inack.Tfl wi.|'.' taki'n in ni't-s in tiir liasin of Miiia>. ni'iir Hlo- iniiioii Tliis is thr Hist tinii- witliin tlir ini'inory of men wlm hiivi' tisiii'il nil til.' L'lomi'l ix'"!' I'l '''"I' *'•"■ tliirty y.ars. l)riftin';s|m«n fi.iiiiinar tli.- ioa>l lilU' '"'low tlif Straits, li'a.liii/iiito thr Mina- I'.asin. aii.l tin- liatcliiii;; of flu- .siiawn 1 Kioiu LSI? I'p IS5'.' ih.' .liita is "I'luii""! Ii''i"i iM>'> in ili.' Ainit'nilix M •• I,,.,'l.ir.. ..11 .\>wl..ii.i.llrtii.l ,111.1 it- Ki-lii'iMi-." In- .M.illli.'vv II. Wrtrr.Mi. imli- lisli...! ill .si. .l"hiiV, .N.'Wlniin.lliinil, in IM;i •J. Anili'.'Wf Cinim-i'i'i' ..r Iln" llriti-li .N.nlli AmiTicnii T .l.ini.'s. K.v. 1> .1'. :llst f iiitf.. '.'nil .shsh.. \VHHliini,'t..n. :t. t«:0 I" 1ST4 t'lul.ni- It.'tiirn-. I r,iu|Ci.,%v.'ll.i|iMti'.lii,v I. in'iU'i.-^iiliin.'. r,. \ i.i.. 1.111,- i-'i. I'l" '""I ■''"""-• •■'■ •'^- ''^ I'""- '•' ''■"'■ ^'■'"' '"'■ "*"■'""■'' (iiliiin. |8l',ri-i;i'.. I'Hrt IV I!. l{,.v..l. Aml.i'.we. IV., .V S. I„-1, '.f N..I. Sri,- . tsiir.-HT, 7. Il'iil |«HP Til. s. ltHi,'.i'l ..f (■«|,t.S,'..tl. Ii .v.. Isi'.'.l. 80 ill till' (livill K.I.In Mrin hinlilicloll, i, till' illtliHillrtioll 111' II •(I'IiiidI lit' tish tlii'ic wliii'li will iiniluiliiv cuiitiiiin' fm iiiiiiiv vi'iirs. mill liy |iri)trctii)ii ninv U' liiijfciy inrri'iisril. Nn ijniilit II silllillir iMTlt llll.s iicclHTril lit llli' Mlllli' plllrf nftrll U'CiHI', Mini, iinli'iil. all I'lMiinl tlif nmsl liiii'. 'I'lir lisli ruiiii' iiy:nili tn ■■liiiwii iii'iii till' |iliii'i's of tlii'ii' liiitli. Till' ■^tlllll^r Clin lilt- iliil'l till' llniiliii;.' -pavMi iiliiiiit fill mill iii'iir. mnl wIu-ii'MT iIii' liiilcliiii^ laki'H pliii'i' II iii'w si'l I is i'-.|iililislii'i|. mill iIh' uIiI mil' will ilir iiiit if mil, |iii'm'| vnl li_v rililviiiy s|ih\mi nr l\v tin- ilitiiiiliirtiiiii iif fii'xli s|iu\vii fiiiiii iiiiir nr ilistmit ■Hrlimils, liiiiii;,'lil lp\ riiiniit.s. Till' Kci)j{in](liiciil iliNtrilnilinii uf tin' lliiiitili;; s|iii\Mi iif tislii's is liki' tlic i;i'ii^'iii|iliiriil iliNtiililltinll nf (111' >i'i'i|-< nf |llltll|t I nasmi In lulii'vi' that thr act nf spawn- in;,' t.'ikis place 111 ar to ihc surface itself. He tliis hs it may, the lloatiny: of nnickerel spawn iliiiiiiL,' the ]ieiinil of its ile- Vi'lnpliiellt is slirticielll to show tlllll the actlllll area where till' spawn is ilcpnsiteil is of little nt. for its hatehiii'.'- is ile- |ieiiileiit Upon eiirienis, "<■. Acciinliii;; In .Mr. I li.l.lsuiii tli, in British seas " the spawniiie season appears to siiry within certain limits, hut .lime is ahmit the ;;eiieial time for it : iiml it has hecn alreinly iiicntimii'il that mackerel ilo not ;,'n tn the erniiml. like the licriin;,'s, for the purpose nf ilc|insitiiii,' their spawn, lnit sheil it i|iiite at the surface, ami at varying; ilisUiiices from the laml. Aceonliiie to mir oliservatinhs nn the DeMinshire coast, iiiack- eiel reinaiii in shnals nr schnnls. until after they have s|iawiicil. aiiil while thus cmi'.'ri';;-ateil tiny i| I \eiy reailily take a liait ; liiil after this pmcess has taken place, towanls the niiil- ille of .Inly, the shnals liecmiie ilispei-seil. ami the tish. iiisteail of then iiiakiiii,' their way to ileep water, as ap|iears to he the ei'Meia! haliit nf the lierrinLrs iiinler like circiiiiistances. ilraw I .-arer the laml ami even enter the harlmiirs, wliere tliey aUnfil excellent spmt with the Imnk ami line. .Mackerel i|n not lose cmnlitimi so much as the lierriii;,'s hy the act of spawning;, ami tliey soon recover after feeiliiiir voraciously on the vmiii;.' s|)rats ami other small fry which alimiinl at that time near the laml llalf-i^iowii mackerel, with tin ajipearanec of roc in tlieiii. are mole nr less aluimlaiit mi the sea coast at the same time as the lar;,'e mies, nr in some localities preceiliii^j, in e c.xpcrieiicf itlieis fnllowin;:, thein ; ami it must he within tin if most whu liiivt; I iccll eiicM^feil 111 maokere K,sli mg 1, Reperl or tloinniissiiiiier of Kinli ami l''lHlu.i'i.'s, KSTI-7'-', iniKe rt-t. 2. lliiil |i. IIA, iil.sii iiii^'i'.-. i;4 Hiiil I'lS, ;:. llli. I |i, iM. tliiit l")lli Imw Kiiil Miiiill Ml itiv fi-f<|iiciitly ciiiiKlit ill till' Mlllir |iliicM. (irnl (111 llir Hiiliir ll •«..|.|ll'< i|llil.- rl.iir tllllt l...tli kin.N riiiin.M iiiiik<' llwir ii|i|ir.«irli t<. tin' Inn. I for tin- jimiiiisf of •.|iii\viiiin{ . in ruct. in tlir ^|«l^vll MmitH tln'ii' !« tm ii|>imri'iit ii'iiwiii why lln' iiiiifkfifl hIihuM immh' in slion' at nil Willi llml nlljrcl ; ■..ililr (itlhT hliltiVf IMII-t I"' Mill^llt f'lr thiw |Mlii"linii NisJN llMil il ll|l|lrlll> likllv lIlMl Mil IllMllllllllit tllp- ]ily xl fiw"! in till' iiiiiiii iitliiiclii.il to lintli iil.l mill liiilt-:,iiiwn HmIi, mill lliiit thry iii^tiiictivi'ly srrk il miu.ii;.' tlir iiiyriii'N nf i.f "infiiri' '•wiimiiiiiir fry wliirli firi|iiflit tln' hIiimiI \vii«"il tlii'tv (•nil ll.' liitl.' iliiiilii iliiit till' ••iiiirli fur f I it I'lii' I'f ll"' I'Hii- lipal iiiii-i- nf ihrir iiiiniiitiiili> ; iiml I" tliin \vi' mv ilisiiiiMiil In Idiik Coi mi i'X|ilmiiitii>'i nf llif vriiii'iiN "f llm-'' ^in'cii't wliiili ]ii riiiilinilly \isil rmist^ Amiriliii^' III till' I'viiliiii iicili'.i liy tin' Hiiti-li Sm Ki-li- iTJi-* Ciiiiiiiissiiiii in \hM. tin' .nni'kii.l ntt' 'riiii|iiiiy mi the Miillli r..Mit i>r KiikImihI i|iiiwii in A|iiil oi l.>','innin^' nl' Miiy ; III mill iii'iir lliinitpili'. in •Imii' mul .Inly . m Wykr Ki'nis. in till' U'lrliniiii;,' III' ,liiii.' ' Mr llnliUwnrtlr " t si.lrrs tlmt wliili- Ihr )ii'iiiiil ..ir >i>ii\vnin',' in Mrilinli \vnli'i> viirii-* williiii tcll;lin liiiliN, yrt .llllli' i> illnnit llir irilimil lillli' fi'f il Till' iiiirli of niiiikiivl MM llir Uritish ciMixt in si.nii-tiiiii'.H ■ •iiiiiniiiii>. mill fur fXf.MiU tlir liikr in Anii'iirmi Sfiis. Tiir Liiii.liiii TiiiiiH. nf Mn_\ II. Ih7:! informs iis tlmt IHiO lolls I.f iimrkiMvl, I'siiiiiiiti'il to wiM-li on.' |i"iiiiil ••iiili liii.l iv- n-iitly liirii t.ikin in a sinj,'li' niv'lit. »l " Hsiiinj.' stiitioii on tin- Hiitisli coiis..!^' IN Till-; lilM.K iiK ST. I.WMll SI K. DiiiiiiK tlir Miiiiiii.T ol IH.V.'. 11 M S. •• DevRHtation," Ciipt. ('ainpi)i'll, It N., ":i« iriiisiiiK in tln'(nilf "I i^t- l'i>«- ii'iiii' fill- till' iniiKction 111 ill" l''i.«liiTii's. In liif l{r|u)tt on tin' result- ol tlic -r,i-on- o;.cr,iliiiM». Ciilit. Cnniilu'li n-fcrs 'o tin- s|muiiiiu' of ilii' .M.i.knrl, anil lo the >i/i' ol ilir vomn,' tisli at « ciTiaiii portion ol (lie year. lifli'i rinij; to thf tisliiiin ^loiiinU on till- north -\i .1 I'riin'r Kduinl Mam', thi» oili-'cr statfH as lollows : — •• riic .MackiMfl, a. the sia-ion advances, arc hotli more ini- ninoiis .Mill ol hiicr (jiiiliiy, inilcpil the sprint; lisli arc vciy |, .mil it -.Miiilil add ({really to the value of llie I'lsherie'* if llic\ «'Te nol tak;Mi eailv. .\,i!nre has proviilci! ihat al this, their spawniiii,' reason, llii\ .111 not leadih take hait, l.iit fidiii seining and olhir meins Hilopted l.y the .\iiir-iwins, il il had not heen checked, the lisli would h.ive lieeii e.Mei niinalcd in a lew \e.irs, while the |)ro- diiclion of the roast this ye.ir will, in all prohihility, c.nise a jjreat incriMsc in I'litoir si'asoii>. 77(c W'tler ulrmdij aboiuulx ii-illi siikiU MtcktrnI , iilxiul l/ini; iiir/iex liiiii); this, I am told, Ins not oecinreil hefore to aii> exienr, and is imputed to the spawning fish during spring I *' iiN rili; riHSTS iiK M.Vss.MlllSKTT.s. Thne ye;.l^ siil.-eqieiilly to ('apt. Campbell's ohscrvations on ihe north shore of I'rime Kdwaril Island, Capl. Nathaniel E. At" nod oliM'ived Mackerel spawn on the coast of Massn- chiisetls. .0111 ivatclieil their gro«ih. Thr Mackerel appciicil on the coa>t ahoiir the tirst or second week in M.iv. I. >f,i l-'i-lu)i u--*'iiiiiniis--iitii. •.I, ]!■>■]' Sim l''i»liini;. :(, liii"t.'il hy .Mur«li. |- liNi " Till' K.otli ir- Iitii'il l.y IIUMiiiii .Vrtiiiii." 4, |{..|..it II I'aia I'aiiiiii"'!!. II. M. S- " Oi'tftstiiii in." Hiilifnx intli Nin.. IN.VJ. .\ii|p. I. .\..vii Sc.itiiiii .l.iiinuls llniHf cif .\s«eiii Illy, 1*^3. a, r. .•<. Ki>li (■.iuinii».' iiiadc, nwni'Mii'il uith i>in,il| M.iikiTfl h'iltN tivi' iIiiSn, or .ilioiit two tllr)llll1^ iil'lci llli' '•p.iu iiilii; li. Ill Ink' II |iliiir, till' yoiillK M.irkfli'l Were •miih' I«m ill(|ii'>. ill li'Ii^lli. I liei'i' i* liiit II rompiriilivfly rioi!« «licii the .Miu'ki'ii'l »ji;i\mi on ilic AiLinric >cii-Iio,imI oI Ni'vv hlimliiiiil III' N'oVii .S'liiiii, iiiiij til'' nlioiiM III I'riiiri' Kilwiinl III. Mill, ill till' (iiilt ol Hi, l.iwi'tMii.'i', .mil ill ilii'< rc<;ii'rt ilii' "piwiiinn •i':i"'i>ii iip|»iiiii(*h thoM' of tin' ^. IimoIs whi'li fii'i| ii'iil till' !''.iiiii|i('i" ( ' iiii-i. 75. i'li'' l.ilc Mom. Jo«r|ili llowr, in -.i Hi|ioi' on • Siilili- Miiiil.' ilili'il Ort. ^'Ut, IN^O, .iiiilioni'ii to tin- l.ii lit. (iovii- mil' III NdVii Scofiii, " ' Npciikii of the coiiiillrHd •■• liooU of M;irkni'l « liirll vi»iti'il tilt- coii-ls of ill il IhIiiiiiI, ||i' -liiys ; — " I'lii' *>ii|iciintriiilriit iiii'miiiril iiic fli.it ,i fi« i|,iv« licfoii' llic ' niirinx' iini'i'ii, tlir M.i'kiii I rmwiliii ilic coikI in mi' |i nnm- lii-rn tliiit tiny alnlll^l pii'iisiil i a li oilier upon llic sainU, .in I I saw an iinlir iki'ii >irliool, rxic: diiijf nrar tlir landiii;,' |ilair fur .i mile in IctiKtIl, nitliiii ^n>o^l x'iniiig ili>!.iii c, lii'siilvH otliurn at vaiioiii. poiiitH, inilii'.iiiii}( ilii» picnen r, in ilio »iirniti.uliiii.( ■'Oi-., of iiirnliil.iliji' width. " The ti.nc n' \li. Hinvo'i. vi*il MiHtiic (illl I.I I 111 .S'p, ( aiiMi, — " Fiiini ISl:,' 111 IS.JO ihr aliiiiidaiil r.idli lit .M.ii'k- »*rt'l of the l.iij^i' kind hik ih'Vit kinmii to l.til I'iiis li'licry I oiiiiiii'ii"('d ill SepU'iiiliCi and colli inniil ■inislaiitl) iiilii tlir I. ml of ( K'toiicr, It w.iK a (oliiiiloii oiciii ri'iirc l.ir i srinr to liaiil from 1(100 lo !.'»()() hinifis iit a linic, and liy dilli'ii'iit si'iiirs many iiiore uioi' lianlid in a Ufck tlian roiil.l pii>.iildy 111! ciircil Tlir prii'i' ol Markcri'l ,il tll.it tinii' «a^ only #ii.()0 ti) *4.ll() per Ikiii-iI." I Ulsl'iiltV 111 ■|IIK(il.iil iKSIKK M.MKKMi;!. KlSIIKIlV.' ' 7ii ■ .\^ I'.'iily a- Iti.'i.'t II roastwisi. iniilr in this li^li liiid nininiiiiei'il, and in Inter year- it m.i'Iiis eoitaiii thai ^oiiir ttcie s'lippi'd In f.Piei;,'!! Imiti: for \\r tilid thiil.ili inlti. tin' ivinoii- .siriiiits iijfiiinst an m-.lrr passnl Ly tin' (Ii'Ih-imI ('oint I hat no pi'iMiii should haul iishoir any inail 'H'I with any smt of int- ■ ir .I'iiies wliatMii'ViT. iiiiil that tin pel-soil sliiiidil ea'ili any. I'Xei'pt fur use while fii'sli, liefmr ilie lirsi of .Inly, aiiiiniilly, in rrfiiliilioii of the ti.ssertioii that inaekeiel will not " save Will ill .May and .liiiie. sUite tlinl they have sliippnl iinii-keivl eail;.dit ill llinse iiiolitli.s lieyniiil sea.iilid aid that th.y kepi as Well .IS those eaiijflit in other niipiitlis. 'I'lier,' eaii -eaieely he a d.ailil. tli( refine, that this tisli was to .■,ohie e\t.'iil .in luiiele of tr.ide anioiiy; the early coloiii.sl.s ; and ue know tliat hef.uv llir Uevoliitioiiai'V war. several ve.s.sils were employeil in this lislury froiii the hailiniiis on the s eilh side of .Mas.saehilsetts Bay: Init < lloiu'estei- ttsheinnn do not seem to have liiveii iiiueii .vtteiilioii to it tili alioiit l^2l. 'or in the thiiie.'ii y.-ars ilnliii diatrly pieeediiio that dale, we liml that, aei .n dllii; to the iiLsjieelioii returns, tlie whole iinnilier paikeil here w.is only 1171 haii'.ls. From this lime, h.iwevei. the InisiiKs, ra- pidly iiierea-.eil ; the llsli heeanie so aliiiiidant in oiir wiiris ih.il.in I.'s2,'>. a siiijjle ji^';,'er, eaiivinj,' ei:,'ht men. to.ik o\er l:il)l) hairels, and in IN31 the whole eateh of llie lowii rose lo Ip1I,7."iII hailels ; lilit lifter tile last named date iimekerel he;.'aii to he seaire on olir own eoiist. tiiid the eatih deeliind so ra- [liilly that, in l.S-K), it iimouiited to only s."s70 haiiels ; ami in I, .^ppi'ii. '^4. NoTirSptftin .liuinml.",' 18,VJ, 1'. i'rizi' l-'.sMiy 111! Illl' lli.-liii'y ..f tin' ('..iiiity ..I ljiiy.«li.>r..iinli. Ixl'- ;t. I'liii till- HiutliiT- The Ki»l\i'iie,< .if lil.uiiuMl.T. 88 tl\iU ami till- torn tullnwiii):; \rai-s the totii aj,'<;if^'ati' taki'ii liy (!1 HTNlcr Hslii'VMicii amnuiitcil to no iiioiv than (iti,,')+7 Imhti'Is. AlHuit tliis tiuif tin- ciitcipiisc of tlii' HsluTMicn IimI tlicni to |iuisnc tlic niacktTfl into tlieii- ilistant rcti-cats in llic (iulf of St. l,awifnn', anil for scvrial years nearly all the vessels of tlie town enj;ft(;eil in this tisliery resoiii'il to that ref,'ion. ami it liecanie th" chief sonivi' from « hieli tlie ileiuaml for the tisli eo\ilil he supijlieil. \\ itli success wiilely \aryinj,' from year to year, the mackerel tisiiery liii-s coiitiinii'il to !»• pursued to the present tinie. Lute in the spring months tlie tishermen stjirt to eieet the " scIkioIs ',' when lliey make thei: tiist appearance in the waters south of New Knj;iaml. from which they follow them to our own coast ami into the seas of British .Vmerica ; hut it is a precarious lishciy, ami it is aj,'ieeil that a i;oim1 ili'al clepenils ujioi luck . for there is <,ftcn a with- ilirterence in the result of the masons work of ui'ii eipiallv ililij;ent ami ei|ualiy skilieil in the husiness. Of late it has hccome cu.itomaiy to take these tish hy seinine-. ami when the net surrounds a •■ school " there is a chano', indeed, almost a certainty, of a Lji'eat haul ; lnit it sometimes hap(iens to a lish* in;; cn'W that no such cliame oi'cui-s for month--, and a hail voyai;e for the \es-,e| and men i-, the unfortunate result, Thi' cases of totjil or partial failure, however, are not suthcii'Utly !-ii' ,,ius til create discourai;euient oi' to excite a])pri'hen-ioii that (Iloucester will soon ceasi' to e^hihit that preponderance ill this lisliiTy it has so loti^' enjoyed. It is true that the last vear l.sT'i was ., lie of poor success. I m' in tlie |iivcediiiy the .piantity of mackerel packe.l in this city wi- lI.s:M+ Uarivls. of the net value prohahly of more .than "lie luilliM dollars," " Durinj^' the suiiniier nioulhs there .ue tw- ii.>i-ions of the ^[ackcrtd ih'el. one tishi '■; olf the shoics (,1 Massuliusctts and M line, iuid the other ina.viM!» voyaijes to the Hay St. Lawrence. The S,)iithcrii and Sluire fleets have practically ahandoiied the old style of hook and line tishiiis. Hi'd are fitted with expciisi\>^ .seines and boats tor the capture of Mackerel on a wholesale scala The success of this depaitniei' is sjieatiy duiieiKhrit on the dexteritv with which a school of fish cjiii be surrounded an captured, and the ciii|)lovmciit is an cxcitin;? one. Ihe busi, 'ss is an uncertain one, as the mackerel is a capricious fish, and !. u little cdculalion can he niado: of their movements. Week- i.iv elapse without the discovery ot tin' fish schooliin; on the surface vith the proper conditions for their capture. Im- mense hauls, however are sometimes nnuk', more than can be jiroperly dressed hy the crew of the " seiner," and if no other vessel is in the viciiiily to accept a portjou of the catch, large juantitics aic fre(pii'iilly thrown aw.iy through sheer inability to handle them The seiuini,' lif .Mackerel occasions a i/reat ; destruction of immature tish, unfit for use, hut such is the pro- lific chaiMctcr of ihi' Mackerel ihAt it has nevtr been clearly dcmonstiated that this method ol tishini? has a tendency serious- Iv to diniiuish tb.' supply I'lic cost of a mackerel vessel, fitted for sea, is in the neigborhood of $7700 ; a !iUO f.itliom seine, of a depth of .'JO i'lthoms, will cost $900 additional, and a seine boat and liories gotH) more ; salt, bait, lines, etc., and the ne- ccssarv (iroviiions for a five weeks' tiip make tlw total cost, when ready for a (ishini; voyaije, .«!it;{;.'5. 'I'lii' Hay St. Law- ii'iice Mackerel Fishery, once of considcralile propcntious. has declined hugely of lite years. 'I'lie sejuiug of NLickciel is 'ounil impracticable in this lisbejy, owingto the rocky bottom ill the w.itcis where it is followed, and the conseiliieiit destrnc- lion ot seines. The numhet of Gloucester vessels finding ei: Till' Ki-liHiii- "t lii i-U'i-." I'r'pi-iiT Itiullier,-. l.sTii. 81) jiloymiiit III il,r iii:icki-r( 1 fisliiiv in IST;") was ISO Ol tlu--i', i».{ niailr Souiluiii tri?i,s, 117 (IsIk'i! oil shore, iiiul 58 viMlod tlif It.iy Si. l,;iwicii(r. (ilH lares wctf' ir'ci'ivi'd, l:i:l I'loiii tin' Soiitli, mi') troiii o'f >li(,ii-. ami (ill linin the Hiv." < 'iiM I.I Sic INS. 77. It ii|i|)fiirs tV.jMi III.' Ini-,.v:.iihti ■.Intciiifiii- llmt Hie niMrltu'. Noilh Cai-nlin;!, ill III,. M'as jiliniii, i 'a|.r IliiUi riis, mid I'm ili.-r ii.'rlh IIS llic- |i'iii|j' nitiiiv advance Tlirv (•(inn- frniu tin'ir winter hiiiii.s ,|ii,.,-i 1-1 •!„• ,.,,asi ami spawn in s|iall..\v wal.i ,«vii, rally ii.ar il„ sli,,i,.s ,,r il ntiient, of i.slands, in Sal,,.,- 1-laiid. ..II till, .-..asl ..r Nova S ia I he .Mui,'dali-li Islands, in the iiiinioii eateh in Dominion waters, an. I III s.iiiie -easoiis, as in I s7 I , the value of the aee-iveale Cilteh approaehes that .if the eod. 'I'lie siippiised niiijriitioiis of the Miie','ri'l I'imiii warm soulh- eiii wart'is 111 ciiolei se,|.; (luiiiii; ilie sa ici- months, like the mylhie.il MMiulfriiiifs of the Ilcniiiits to Polar Scis dariiiu; the winter season, or the cqiidlv fineilid ini!,'iafi(iiis of the Cod to sp.iwniiii,' ijrniiiids on 'he Nnrwei;i,iii eoa-t, h.ive disappeared heloie ihetn.,t of rii^iil einpiirv. I h.it sehools ol this tish soineliines w.imlii lirhe\oii(| the limits of their ciistoniary c-nle is ,ery proh.ihle. Siuh isolated ro.iinlntrs are eommoii to all aiiim.ils witii u;""at powers of Inco- motioii and ill the . ,is(. of ilir- .Mackerel, a constant ijentlc wind prev,iilin^' foi sever.d days toi>olh;-r, m.iy dii\ethc food lliev are followiiiij lar from their accilsloiiied lianiils. The s.mic isolated ca^(\s ot ipp lent mlf^r.ition occur w'lh thi. Cod. Il leli.mce can he pl,KTiie .\l.i. I...rcl— tireenl.ui.l i' iai.r Kan. m- '/'/nv ./,.,-. (till. T 90 ii ii cliiiiiL'i' in till' ilistriburiiiii o( tlicir food Dcoiirs. Sliad li.ivc Ih'Cm i;uii.'lit in lIcninL' nets in Nolle D.uiu' Itay, Ncwt'ouinl- land, bill no oik- would receive tliis accident i>( niainini; as prool" tlial tlie Shad was about to beeoi.v estalilishod on the North Kast Athintie ocast ot' that Ishiiiil. Mackerel catehini? is a special indiistiy and ie(inires sea-i^oiiitc vessels The boat e<[uii)inent so common thioiii;hont British Ameiiian waters is wbollv nusuited to the pursuit id ibc Mack- erel which has been so largely carried on by United States Hsh- ernien. lininense srhools of Mai keiel are frequently left mi- niolested ill the ( init' and on the coasis of Newfoundland, in conse(inence of the tishennen beini,' unprovided with suitable vessels and fishini; gear. It is, however, a reserve for the tu- tnre, which, at no distant dav, will be \ililized. If a fishini,' telegiaidi system existed on thedulf and Newfoundland coasts, similar to that which has been est.iblislied in Norway, exclusively for fishini; purposes, the additional catch of Mackerel and Her- ring, indeed of all kinds of fish, as well as b.iit. would jirobably double itself within a very short period. If judiciously con- trolled the telegraph would become of vast benetil to the fisher- ies in nianv wavs. 91 I!i:i AiiiiN (iK I'iMi !•,, 'ri;.Mi'i.ii.\riui;. Til.. Inl- Mi. I'.tI.'v'k vi,'H,«.M); Tl l.-..rviui..ii- of ili.' M^r.. TolMKi™! S,ici,-iy ..r Sc.il.iihl. SI : Tln' HiM|iiii'ii';< nl' ili,. |liin-h (i.ivonmi.-iii. SJ ; |),f- fiTi'iiOf lif>lwi;on llu. iiiariiii' i-liiiiaU- nf XortliiTii Kur.ipit iin.J N..r1h AiiiiMicii. SH: A.liDimI Hiiyli.'l.l .mi I ho cliiimU. nf llic Striiiti- ..f Kelli- Nl.'. livUiryp ill the Slmil-. Ciii.uiii Milltir's ,.lwi.rnili.iii-, ^ ; Ciiiiiiiin I'liiiniiii.^ ..Iih.-iiii- liuiis. Vast nmiilii.r- n| ('...llUli Ij.'iil. f(piniiimi'Iin« Miiniij', ;r. S. N.) ,,1.- •■"'i'™'i •**•''; Miiriim ttiiii|iiTiiliini in ilie (iill, Si5: l/.w tiMTi]vnilnris iin liarik.s iiinl sli..iils, h; ; TiMiipumtun. ,if ilii> Smi iii .lifffii.m fl.^ptli-, -is ; |;f, fivl^ ,,f wiiiiU. 8!t; Kfr.M-u- ,if Ciirivmy. Wl ; Th.^ Hull SIivmmi, IK ; T^iiii"-!- ntiir.. ..ri SI. (iw.i-n,.'s Sh,,nN. ,.ir (:a|». Sal.l,., 1... n,i\>- Umk. lUy ..f liiii.l.v. !»•-'; CjI(I wat.M- aiva ulT th.' ,',„iM ..f III.' riilt...| .siai..-, ii;t : .>liiii^' (ir.iiiM.l-, lit; .Maiiii.. I.iff.,11 lli,.(ireal llauk,, I'll., lat.. Mr. .lukos ..l.<..rv.r- li..n«. KtlV.l .il 111.. ilMlf .sir,.aiii,!»7; .VliiiimI CI .n.'- .,ii (|„. H-r,.,i,)i lUnk (■'i-iierii',- ; lti.|i..|i.|,.Mi.(! .if ilii.ir .-ii. •<•..<< ,.ii \viiii,.r tfiii|.i.mi)ir<'« '."K.-'rh.. Ki.luti.in ,.r 111,. Ijil.rii.l.ir Curr.-iit i, Kisli l.if,., W); |>r,if,.(.s.,r \..r.l.tii«ki il.r-i ..li«i.rvali..ii>. KKl; Til,. I,.,. Itrifl, III! ; Tlu' , i>.'..f llic •■.'il,.i,lli>l„.|,iu tin- -iiifai'.- iici-.mliii;,' t.. tli,. rtin.l, till' liiliv an, I ill,. -iiiialii.M ,,f tli.ii f,,.„|. Th.-y all »isii,.,l Itli) l|<>llt.^ llwir iirt.s ra.-it.'iii'il t,i a liii.iy-ii,|M.. -.iipjuiiU.,! ).\ ||,,.n-! on tlu' siirfa.v: if ih.,. i-iiii ,,f tli., li-l, liap|i,.)i,.,l t,. U' 1m^],,w ill.- .|.|iili ..(' tl... II, f, tliiA VMT,. .if ....iirs,' iiiK'..',! all.)i,',t.li,T ; aii.i iiltli.iiiuli ill. IV may I.,- almii-laiic-,. ,,f H.-li. y,-t lln- fi.s|i,.i-- iiHii t'liiiii llir «ant ,if Un..\vl, ■,!;,',. ,,r skill, inii>( b,. frii|iiiiitly niisiicci .ssfiil." ''•■ It will li|. si.-ii fiiJllni- i.ii thiit uiiiili aii.l iii|,-s ill til,. (;iilf iif.St. Lauiviiii', in ill,. Hay ,,f Kiimly. ,n tin- Allatitii^ ,-na.st of Nova Scotia, ami, in fact, in ,-\,rv Iiallnw s,>n, m.-iv iii;ii-p- iiilly I'linii;,'!' the ti'Mi|KTafiir.' .,f tlir wat,,T. in ih,. n,.ii,'lilHiiir- lii^iil iif, ami iiy.M- .shoals or l.ank.v Tills cUaii;.'.- in the tt'iiipiiatmc is ivoc>iii|iaiiii',| l-y !i i'orns)>on(l)n;: c>luiiii,'f in tlic ilistiiLiitiiiii iif til,- HiTiiii:.' f I. aini. consi'ijiicntly, in thi- 'li'pllis at «liii'li ill,. Il,.|iiiij.' will 1«. foiiiKJ. .S|. Til,, ivi-iiii ..liN,.|-\atioiis ,,f til,. M,.t,'iin,l,ii,'i..al SiM'ii.t\- of Sr,,tlaii,l, ivfi.iT,.,l I.I in th,. f,M,t-ii,it,. hav,. sli.iwii a i,'iiiark- alili' ivlaliiiiisliip lK.tw,.in tli,' l,ical iiiovi'iiii'iits of tin- IfiTi-iiii; mill Miiiations in tli,' t,'ni|i« ratiir.' of tin- s,a. Tin- r.sult.s of oliMTvations niaili' ,liii-iiii.' I.s,"). ami IsT.'i show,., I that tli,' tcinp,.ratiir.. ,if tli,' sea ,irt'tl asl r.iast of Scitlaml. fiiiin tin' miilill,. ,.f .\iii.'ii-t to til,. cLis,. ,,r tl„. tisliiii^r „.a.s,,n, wiis con- si, I,. lalily aiiil conliniioiisly hij^rh,.,- in l,s7.-, than ill \s7i-. an,l that 111,, i-ati'h of H,.ninL,' wa^ contiiiiioii-.ly an, I r.,ii,si,i,.ralily lowri- iliiriiiL; ls7."> than ilnrini;- In7+. "Tin- ti^h pr,.f,.r. ap- paivntly. ~,i far as []i<- in,|iiiry lia> L;om.. lln' lowi-r to the llii'llrr (I'lllpl'lUlllM'," I- ' I. Se,. I',.rl..y\ l!,.|„.it ,.n ih,. Ki..li.Ti,- ,.f NVw l!riinM\Kk, |p«j,,. ^.•l. •-'. Vi,|„ an ariiil,' in .Valiiri' pnlitlt',1 W (•.nitiihiiMin f.i tlii> Naiiirsl Histu.'.V ..f llip llMiTiiii;.' All:;, '.'llh, IST«. Ms,.. Rpp.irt hv tlio f.iiiiinis.»i..ii,.r« of \h» l''i-h,i'y l!..aril, S.'..i!nii.|, Is'.-i. !tj •Vuiitiiit; tVorji ;lif Sriilsiii'ii' .if Aiii: 2'), 1^7li NiiHim' xtiitcs tliiit llif iv|i(iit ■•f till- Ki^li.iy Olticci ivLTiirils liir ti'iii- |>i'mlinv of ilic M'ii ii> 'li'ti'iiiiiiii'il liy ilir sen tliciiiKiiiii'trr fiinii-'■* .111 tln' I'liiist, iluriiii;' tin- w.tU I Miliiii; All;;. Ilttli; lull mi lln' 2lsf, wlifii lii.' ints wciv --iiiil, ll.L' liliiprlMtillc liiiil fiillcli 1.1 .'i."! , iill.l llii- \Vii> till' lir^l llij;lil ill.' Iii'iriiii^s w.Tc cuiiiilil. AftiT thill .liUr tin' catcli wiis very iiir^'r Til.' Iiciiinif^ well' fiiiiiul /o"' in Ihe iiels iliiiiiiLC 'li'' |ir.'Viil.'ii.M' ..f WMiiii ui'.'ifli.T li.tw.M'ii N.irtlniiiilii'rliiinl iiml IVt.Tll.'lul. "Till. M.itiiiir.ili'jjK'iilS.M'i.'ty 'f Si'..|lnri.l Iiiim' for |\v.i..i' tin.'.' yi'.'ii^ Ii.hI ilii- .-ii|M'iri..iisii.>>s iri,,tlii' tii.ivt>iiiftilM .if the llui-riii^ .iiiilur <>)hh'1mI iiivi.r*lintili..ii, mill in ill.' |.u-i yi'tir tin. ilei'i»-«f(i tlit.riii.iint'UirF. pr.ivi.l.'.l t.i tlif S.n'ii'ly '.y :lii' Miiri|iii> .if Twwililnli.. it- l'ru>ii|.)iit, f.r l.-^liiiH tli.' |.'iii|ii'i'iitiii'i' iif 111" "I'll, w.'re Hiiiiiii si'iil .1111 by tli.' Ki.ili.'iy II mlI t.i tlicii' ..ffl.'.'rs mil tli.' t.'iii- I'.'iiitiiri' .il'tiiiiii"! nl ililT.'ii'iit (ii'n.i.U of ili.- InTntij.' Ililu'iy iMily n';;i>t.M.. "I till' wi'iiilii'i' wurc ki'pt nil. I 'illii'i- iiiirtii'iiliii'. liiriii«h.'.l l.i tin' Sii'i.'ty. li.Mli liy 111.' .!i-.|rii't l''i»lu'ry (Hli.-i.rs iiii.| hy SiuiiiimI MI) .iiiiM, iv-iii.. r..ni- iiiiOi.liM' .if tli.' " Viyiliiiil." Hilii'iy .•iiii<.'i'. KiMiii ill.' r.'jji.-li'i-. iiml lln' in-, f.iririnli.iit iliiiH ^iipplit*.!, tin* I'.iU.iwiii^ f.>iiciii!>i..ii.>. huM' iii lit.- iiiniiiliiiu. Ii.'cll ilrawu fiy llic ('..llliiiitloi' "I 111.' S.I1 ii'ty ; ." Kt'.ini ilii' .il.nurvuli >ii<. ..f llu' ciiu-li .1 li.'ii'iii;:^ iiii.l tli.* iHni)N.'iittui.' ..f '* tllo nt'A. '.If tli.i i.itsi i'viUMt .if S'litliUiil. iluviii^ tlid tw.i MiaMiiis Ih74 ami • JK'', It is si'i'ii (I.) Tii.il 111'' ti'iiiiit'i-Hliii-f iif ilii. M'U fi'.in tile 1111. Ml.' .1 AUXIi'it t.. till' I'l'.ie i.f llii' li'7.> limn in IN74: iiii.l ('.'.i Tlnil limiHUli .1 liwiiun;-. wju- ...n" ■■ liiiii iii'.ly iiini . .in''i.|>T»lilv l..«t'r .liiniii,' l:>(''' tiniii .liiniii: tin.- .-«iiu' |.< rh.'.l • I l.s:4 ■ \iMlli.'i i.'siilt i- tlii-' II lli.'i.' Ill' 11 .li«tii.'t wh.'i'.'. Ii.iiii liny .■iiiH.., ' the tuni|>niit.ii i.-* Iit'rtviiT : ulnt .■-.hvt.rs.'ly. if tli.'ii' li.' ii .ii^- • li'ii't wIh'I'-', fi'.'in Htiy '.'an:*!', till' tfiniii'iHliiri' I'f 111.' ".'it i*- Iii;;ln'r tlitui in ■ ■.iiriminiliiii; ili~irn'ti, in tlnil .littiirt lln' .nt. Ii ..I lixiriiiK ■■> it"-*, Ain.mu " t!iH ciiti'L". wlii.-li lii-iii^ali..iit 11 K1.-41I iii'-i'uiiet' >>i il.'i-iviusL' ..f .-*.'H tt'iu|it'ra- ' I. Ill', till' I'liii'l till' i'l.>n.l...l i.r .'h'lir skii". in ii'-iM'*,'tive .Ii>tri.-t^. a.-.-i.v.liiii; " i.s till". '.HI iliuinj; ilii» .liiy nr .luring tlii- nii;!ii. TIh'm' l.iriil Miriiiti'iii" ■' in III*. Iniiiiii'ititnrt* 111 111.' i*".! in tlii'ir iii'tiVtiii:^ "ii llu' i-iiirh "I li.-i 1 iii,^- "I'U^L' liimii ^li.i^'ii liy till. viluMirvivtiiiiii liuth .if l''*74 lunl lN7.'i. " ,Vn..i|i.'i iu.|i..itniil i^iiiil I^.|^.' tiiluii.iii'' 'il -.iirfiii'i' iiniiii'intni.' t.i l..it' ■ ■ t nil li'iii|i.'..ilnv.', mill tin' ri'liiunii- nf llir i|i'i'iii'>t |mrl- "I llir -I'li t" Uir ' )• -itii.ii- 'f tln' tistiiiig ^;r"iiii.l-. Il i." finin.l. f.ir in-nim 1'. Ilnil wli.'ii tin' ■■•>uilHri' li'iniH'i'iiliUH n liixli- liiKlii'r lliiiii liiwi'r ilnwn tin' li>.li. il uny In ' .it.i>^liL.,>iiiK.' lliK uiit.'« fur .l.i\^n in niirti 11 wity n*. i.. U'U.I i.> tin. mi)i)h.>i- " 11. Ill Unit '1 ;;.i'i.| .l.-til .if liiiliu'i' niii\ i.ft.'ii uiIm' fi.ini 111.- ni't-^ 11 'I ;;..in}j ■■ .Iti']. i;ii.iii>:li. Till' U-li. prt'l'i'i'. ii|i|iiir.'iuly. mi fur a.- tli.' in.|niry lni> ni.ii.', ■'■ til.. l.'Wi'r t.i tlif liiuliiT ti'in|ii'riiti|i'|. Tin' lli'rriii^' l'..iiiniitt«' nii' ni.isi • ih'.ii.- 111.- ..f nitiyiim ..lit till- hill' ..l in.|iiiiy iiit'. wi.Miti'r ili'tnil. if sniii.. ..I i|h' li.^liiTUii.n I'tiiil.Ll.e iii(lii.-i-.| t.. liiUi. till' tr.inl.l.' .>f .'liiii'rviiiu tliii t.'iii- ;>-riiliirtj .'.f till' "i-'lt 111 till' -^illtii.i! ali'i iiN.i III III.' il.'iitli at wlil.'li til.' \\A\ ■ ^liiki' tlif! 11. t- " Til.' inll.i.'ii.'i' .if thiiii.li'r.'.t-ii'iii.'' wti^ I'linally s.'i'ii 11^ in fi.rni.'i y.'iit'-. '•U llure in n tlUiniliir-stin'in nf siiini' iiiuunitnili. I'.vlfiiilinu uvrfr h Iiii'kh imi- " li.'ii i.f tM'.'llHii.i. g.ii.il tiiki.s uni\ III! iniiili.' ..11 tliiii iliiy . Ii.ii .>ii tli>' f..ll.>\v- " iu« li tlii'hi' ri'iiiiUe l.i Iiu riinni.lfiL'.' miiy h*. |ir..\i.-*- "i'lniil Til.' ii"'nll> Hii'. lii.wi'V.'i', .if tin' cn'Mli'-t viilii... n it iiiiTnly iik iinli- " .'iitinn til.' liii.". .if iiii|iiiiy t.i li.' fiilLiwi'il in fiirllii'i' I'ari'.finu "ii iliin l.ii'n" " inviii.i' tln'> I.ii.l .lir.nlly u. a kii .wlii.lj;.' .if ili» l...'ali/4ili'iii nf lli" Imrrini;, ■' .Til! .*vr\r !i« 11 i*tiiili* I" ill*, li-ii.'i'iii.'ii wlii'it. t.. Mil tln.jr ni't-. with in.* " liliilieiil |.r"'iBl.ilily nf fii.'.'i'-- " S'2. 'I'll.' I)lltrll ( Jiivi'iiiiin 111 lin\. L.tij; jiilisii..! a N.i'ii'~ .if i'Ui|itii'ii'- H'l.'iliM; t'l ti'iii]iiintiii'.' ill r..iiti.ili.'ii will. lli. H.i'- fi:i..r Ki-li.'i'ii's. ' ' .\iii.i1il; iIh' -pi'i'lnl i'iii)iiiri.'- ulii.'li llii' 11, i ll III.- '■'H'ti I*'.'" ii..li.'i"l I'.'il lli.ni'li'i '111. B.nni nil. I n.1.1 ..I F.iii.ly liitii .Iw'i. w.il.'! Ill, liiHl.v ill lilt' .VlilLip. B.nni nil. I n.1.1 ..I F.ili.ly liitii .Iw'l. w.il. r • 'J. I.U'iiliiuiiil ("raft iiiitli'ii.l 111 ll.jBik ■ an. I Fu.lil.i-'i'n'i. |»i|ii'i.- nii "Tin' .V.rw.'Kinn J..,'ijiiii> h'lilii'ini.i." ,S.i' al" . 1 1. .lur rl.-.m'- tian' i.t 111.' K.'i' Tt 't til.' r S (• iiinii"i iiii'i -.I Ki.*l. ami KimIiovii-., tni' IS74-7'i. 03 Niii\vrL.'imi Niudiiill I . lioi . I< miii|>]»mI mit t'ur liiiii-rir. when ciii|iloy('(l liy il (iuvi riiiiiiiit (if NiHWiiy in iiiM'.stiuad' llir Mriiiii;,' Kislii riis. iiliscrviitii)iis cm tlic tcin|HTiitMic >•{ tin' Si'M. mill inrlriiriiluMil-llI l'iillilili(PPI> L;rllrllllly t'iPlllIrd nil iiii- |iipitiiiil piirt (if the |)liiii. A^ a ri'>iill of ilicsc ii-.i'micIii's, liiusiriitcd ill ililt'cii'iit M'ii> mill Ky iiiili\ iihiiils nctiiiji' i|iliti' illlll'|H'llllclltly, till' ivlilliilll 111' lllr llUI|lrlMtlllV ill' llitl'clCtit /.lilies 111' till' -.III 111 till' innviiili'lll-- 111' lllr llrl lillL.' iiml ullicr iiinviiii fiiniis. \ rrliciil (i-.\\i'll iis liiiii/unliil, ii|>|n'm In lie ivs- lalili>lir.| li,-Milli| il iliiillit. * ^.'S. \Vr iMU>t liiai' III iiiliiil thai llir coiiililidiiN uinlrr ullicll lliarillr lilr r\Ul- nil lllr l-iiast^ nf jiritisli Nnllll AlinT- ica ilill'ir in .mr iiii|i of NiPitliiTii I'Jiiupi'. Here wr liiiM' an Al-i'tic ciinriil 111 c-.iii>iili'r, in l'airo|ii- tlir iliiiiiiii^linl iII'itI^ of till' ( iiilt' slivaiii. ( )iir iiMilliiiii -las all ainilinl Nrufnillnl- lainl. ill lllr ( iiiir lit' Si. I,ii\\ iriicr aii i> \riy iiinrli lirlou tlir annual iiiraii on tlir .\llaiilii- (•oa~l of lllr lliiti-li l^ir-., i.r ill lllr ( Jrnuaii oi-ran m on tlir enacts of Noiuax. Tlir Noruryiaii lionU air kr|ii ii|irii all till- yrar idiiml liy tln^ ( Jnlf .siirani. iiml icr is laivly srrn in Uiitisli waters, luit icr on all our coa-ts iiot only |prrvails clnr- illr- lllr ivillirr 111., Mills. Iilll lllr llortllrni 1 laVS air cloNcIv srnlrd. Ilaiiillton iiilrt. on tlir Lalnailoi, take's rally in l>r- I'rliiliri' anil I'riliailis fro/rll until •lllllr: llir ilrrji llll\^oll llir noitli-riist coast of Nru foiiiiillaiiil air in\aili'il willi lairr icr tirlil.-,. ullicll stretch -rawanls for many miles, and oflni liiii,'ei' for iiioiith-- torrilirr. 'I'lir ^iiiallrr hays on all P>rili-.li .\iiicr- ican coasts, iioitli of ('a|ie liirtun. and around tlir tiulf of .St. Liiwieiicc, arc often frozen ovn and some of them rnuaiii .sealed for many wnks. It is a rare occiirreiice for llir Nm- Wi'trian hays to frerzr. yrl whrn this has occiirrecj, the ti.-.hn- irs haVr llol lirrll illiuiiollNly airrclril. N+ Admiral Haylield -•' called attention many yrais sillcr to llir r\cr|itiollal climate of tile North Shore of the Straits of lirljr Islr. uhrrraud ill lllr close viciiiity of which the famous ("oil and llciriiir- Kishnirs havr so Iohl; had tlirir ~ral Haytirld uritiiii,' in \s:i-2. ^ay-- : ' I >u oiir arrival at ('haleaii Hay on the :.'."itli -lilly. wr found the earliest plants just s|iriiirin'4' up. .11 id the ^ra-s only lieijiuninr' to L;ive a -hade of Ltrrrll ill thr shrltrrrd -pots liilurrll lllr hills. Thr trill- pciatiiri' of till' sell outside the hay wa< at .'i:; , and the air at 4:r fall, in the wannest )ieriod of the day. The tislieriiieii. howrsrr rrportcd that il i- much more cold ahoui ('hateaii Iia\, and tlu' ilnitli .side of thr Atlantic entrance of tin' Strait * "Till' Sliiiiitiiiii (liiiiltf s(nli'> Hint Hell' Mm PreHilmi. of llninliui'^', llir.'i'lrr 111' lllr lirnimn .Sc Wnitc, hiir liwii niviii^; iiliriilinM M llir .«niin' liniiit." Ill vclnlioii Ui itic lii'i'i'iii^' lislii'ry us tliu^c wliicli jinvf •>i-i'U)iit^l iIih .Mi'Ii'iumIiiuii'iiI Micit'ly of Scrtlaml. iiml lluil liy iiiiiilyii' nl' ill" |M>;-lMi.k> 111' till' lii(;tji'is i'iipii;i'il ill III" iNlu'i'v. Ill" liii- fiiiiii»lii"l tin- l^'i^lirry ('mii- pniiy nf Kiiihili'ii Willi (•liili.imli' ri'imiis ii|iiiii llic iiilliit'iicH^ wliiih nlVrct lln> li'ilii'iy. I'slii'i'iiilly ii|i 111 Ilii' iiillui'iici' •■I' wind" iiinl llic tt'iiiju'niliii'.' ot llii' .•it'll. Ilfi-r Villi I''rt'('ili»ii liiis I'liiiii' In tilt' ciiiit-Iiisiuti thai ii.ii-tli-\vt'.^t wiiiils arc till' lii'-l I'll' lai'1,'1' i-atelif.s. lunl ii.irlhfi'ly wiiul." lu'tlci' lliiiii soiillii'rly, \Tt'.-tfi-l> lii'ilcr llitiM t>ii.4|i'vly : iil.iii. thai iiiuilcnilt'ly .-tr.iii;^ wiiiiN. »iitt1c(fiit III nitllt' tilt' stirtai't' ul" tlic sfa.ui'i' ln'tti-r tliaii culiii wcutiit'i-, ami li^lit wiiiiU Hlinii^t a." iiiit'avi'ialil" a-^ .still" la /es ; 11 iiiDliii^ nt' the sea Itciiit;, in hi- ii|iiiiiuii til' i-rii.'iiih'rahlii iiiiprt-tiiiii't' to siici-ffi;* in lUhiti^;. I"'or tin- i('ni|ici'.f tiiri' "f till' »t,'a, 111' ifKniils a ti'iii|ii'i'aliiic frmii .VI 10 ," ili-'Krc'i> nf l''iiliri'ii- lii'il ns till) iniist fiiviimlili'. ami llial tlic chiuiws ot siici'i's» iliiniiiisli with liiuhcr ul' I'lwi'i' li'iii|ii'iatiiii'.'. 1 l!i.'|iiat i'V tliH ('i.iiiiiiii--i'iiii'i- ul tlif I'i.-jlu'iy lli'iii-il. Si'i'thiMil. )s7.-, I I. .\|i|i. 1. I'hai'. V, J. .sailing IMiwIiim,-. foi' t!a' (lull aii'l Itivi'i Si. I,a\vrciue. 94 nf I'li'lll' l-lr llmll it is filllhcT li. lilr .•M-»l Will i|. Mlnl M Ud tlinl toys inr (if luiiii' tVci|in'nt iici-iinciicc'. t »m nwn i'\|iiTiriirc. ii> fur i» it iriics. ciinlinus tlic tiiitli nf ilii> stiit''iiii'iit.' Wood Uliiinl, lit tlic liiilf I'liM-aiKT tu llic Straits of H(li<' Nil', is nlioiit ImlF n iiiilr fii>ni tln' mnin liiiul mi'l is iinti'il fnc its tislii'iifs, liiit its i'\cr^)tiiiniil cliimiti' is sucli. owIiil; tntln' l.,iliv,i.|iii' I 'iiii'.nt, tliat IJrtvtii'liI suiiiiiiiirizrs ii in tlic fiillnwiii-' si'iiti'iii'i- : ''I'lii' lii'st iilfii I ciiii trivf of till' cliiiiMti' is liv slut- ill',' tlic flirt tliiit, in tlif yi'nr Im:1:). tlu' t'lmmu'l lirtwci'ii Wni"l Ishiini iiMil till' iiiiiiii wiis fnizm hcvoss iii/u'iii iiftii- tlic \> intrr ici' hail liidki'ii i;|i uii lin'istli nf .liiiuv i'lu-Ui"! icr •ivpiiaipi.il in till' Straits till tin iniilillr nf .lulv, nii'l iiuiiin-- Diis liir'is ,il! ilic yi'MT. ill-: IN Till-: STRAITS OK BK.U.K ISMv i.\r.i.K sin:wi\(; -niK datks umi;n •nii; m'k vns uk 1!i:i.i.i: isi.k UK|!|.. i|.l;.\li 111' li i: IN lUIIKlll NT ^^AUS, Til. SI' iili-nTvatiiins ivfi-r to tin- tinii' wlifii tlii' Straits were siTU 111 111' clrar of tii'iil hi\ Init liavr no ii'latioii to licr^s, wliii-li iiiiivihift ill iliiiiii^- I'vrrv inoiilli of lli.' yciir ■ '■' ISJT -Clrar of tiii.l iiT Aiiiil litli. |S.-i,S-- .Ilinr lOtil. IS.-)!) - ■■ ■• •• May I --'til. IMIO - iMil— Jilii.' Hh. Ill l.S.'i:! Ailniiral Hayliclil coiintcil 200 lu'iVs ami lai-;,'<' jiii'crs of icr ill tile Straits, ami lie coiisiili'i-s that tlu' Straits iii'hi li" full nf ii'i'liory's iif iliniiii;' soim' srasoiis than in others, (hio may travirsi' the Straits without soi'iiiL.' half a ilozrii, at other times they may he in ^jri'iit i|iiantities. Tile teiiiiieratiire of the water in the Straits, at the eastern eiitraliee. Kctweeii helle Isli' ainl the l>al iiailor. is often at tlio free/iiiL;- )iniut. Not iiiifrei |neiil ly there i> a stream of warm surface water tlowinn eastwanl on the Newfouii'Uaml siile.'*' t 'on.lilioiis of low marine teiii|ieivitiire iinvail even at miil- siimmer on the northern cnjists .if Niwfniiiiillainl mimI in the Straits nf I'.elie Isle, which are m-Mr even a|i|irnacheil in till ileplli of winli'i- on the .\tlaiitic coasts of l'',uiii|ie. The foiinwiim remarkalile sea tcm|ieratures. recorded liy t 'aptaiii Miller, It N.. of H M. S. Siring, in I.s7:!. otl'er an illustration of tlic'se cNtiviiie coiililinn> nf Miaiiiie climate whi( h inevail on those coasts. Till' temperatures rre.irded may he thus talmlateil, lait it will he advisahle to liive the details ill full from ('a|il. Millers repoit : ___ . ^ |ST3. I'ein.uf .\iv T.Mii.nl Smi. Wild. i.Miir|">n ll^rliiiv. .luiie 21-tli. :iii. -M. I 'aim. •ji, .-,:!. :;+. W. N, \V. Kivsh. i7 li.s. :((!. W. Ii\ N. Striinu-. 2s;. 4:f. :iO. W N. W. Mod. i'.<. '<\. I's. :i(l. I 'aplill c.lllulll , hut lln ( 'nd. 1. IHfiT. .'"*. .''li, i;a. 'in tin' niithnity "t ('ii|iliiiii HiilliiiiliiH'. .Niitiluiil .Miinii- ziiM', IsHl. 1' lio, •_'. ■■ .Niiiiticnl .\lii«.i.!iii.-." ISCI. [i. .-ill. :i iliivlii'I.l. fl/5 ",»I'II!I'()N. ■ Aniwd I |,. 1,1, ,|,nii- -.'Itli, sailed iit .">.:)0 ii. m., .Iinir 2."tli. A l.)v,.|v ,|iiy, ({iiiti' ciillii lip til 10 a. III. ; ii l.ii},'lit smi nii.I clciir w.'iitli.T: tiMiipmitiii f s,ii :t-2 I'Mliiriilicit, nf nir ■'<(i' ; II j;ivnt (leal .if iiv al.oiit S|,..i ,| ,,v,t to tlir l,iil.ni- 'I'TmIioiv. in(.Mlilill;:l,,.,r,, t,, I!,, I |i„v . f,,ini,l Ml,. cnnstMnrki-l ii|. I'.v iiii iiii|>,.ii. ,ral.li. Kiiirici ,,f J,.,.-, went di.wii tn Cap,- NnniiMii 1111,1 f.iiMiil tlir Stntils .•,.iiip|,.ti.ly l,nnc,| l,y iiii im- JmssMliI,. Willi ,,f ic,.; tiini,.! Imck t,, (,)iiii'p,,„ nl.uiit ' ID a ni.. ail .•asl.TJy win.) -\,nw^ up ,-l»iii!,'iiin- t.. ii s,,iiili,.||y : a ,l,.|is,. f"- '"""1'^ '■"-'■ I" ll astwar.l, an, I i^radiially .■iiv,i,p,.,| |?,.|1,. '-''■ '""I tlhtnp,,) (.)iiii|„,ii jsiaii.l, l,iit fi,itiiiiiit,.|y ,-aiii.. ii,, riirtliiT. •• 21I1I1. ,', t'lvsli l,iv,./,. r,,r p,|l| ,,f til,, day |V,„|, \V. N W, ; i|.|. lia\,.|liiiL;- t.p tlir i.astuard in tli,' Stiails : at i 11 Iniipi.- raliiiv lit' air 'i.'i . nf sra .'!(■ •'•.'7tli. Si ,ii^r 1,1,.,./,. pint of dav fmni W, N \V. : iiiii,.|i ii.(. trav(.lliii|,r I,, til,. Liiliradoi- in tli.. Straits : iii,,iitli ..f liailiin. ''\ "I'ti'iii I (.,iiiipl,.t,.|y liarnd liy i,.,., triiipiTatiiiv of air at llnoM lis', of >,.a 'Mi'. ■■ -'.Stli, Mod,.|iilr l,r,.,.z,. froiii W, N. W. part ,if ilav. hy 4 p. III. till, liarlioi- li,-(.aiii,.|ii.arly I'litiivly .|i.ns,.|y packi.,l with ic,.. wi. w.'iv ..iitii-i.ly Miir,iinid..d iliifl,diii l.v tin- inontli. III,. ii... for til,. MK.^t part l„.iiiL; inoiv I lian tliivc or four f|.,.t oiit of «al,T. and tlir lar;,',.st pi,.,.,.s alioiit a ipiartir of an anv : all oiitsi,!,. tli,. liHilior d,.|isi.ly packnl witli i,-,.. .\t ■•|..'!l» p. III., ti.iiipc.ratiii,. of ail- +:i', of s,.a :U)' ; rain in aflir- iioon. with fo^. ■:J!ttli. Marlior d,-n,s,.|y parked with ii'r. ami as far ont- ^i'''' "■'^'■"llld lir >r,.ll fl- fhr drrk t . 11 1 pl'l lit 1 1 IV at llooll. ail' ."14', sra L'S'. " Ml. In I.SII7 Cnplain I'hinniio. I!. N,, who visjird ihr Straits of H,.||.. jsl,. and thr north-i-astrni roast of Laluad.ir in thr iiitrivst of th,. Nrwfoiindjand Kisli,.|-i..s, ,l,.s,.|il„.. a r:r..at nnniliri- of i,.,.l„|.,rs j,, the Straits on t,hi. 4tli Aiiunst. This yrar was i-rniaikahlr for th.. aluinilanc.. of lisli on thr La lira. I. )!■ roast an. I th.. hir^r,. catch ,.arly ma. I., liy thr tishiiiL,' llirt. whii'li, a.....ir.linr- t., ( 'aptain ( 'hii s ..stiiiiat... r-av.- ..mployiii..|it t.ialioiit riilllDI) ]ii.rs,Tii.s. chi.'tly from N'cwfonii.l- laiiil. .\lioiit I 'ap.. Harrison the ratch was so laryv ami nirlv that th.. tislh.rim.n had iis..i| all tli.-ir salt l.,.foir th.. .">tli .\ii- !-'"■''•"' "'■ iiti.iiis -pickiiii,' lip" a srx.n fathom Lank riosr to thr shoiv of ( )ri.a-.i.iiia 1 llarhoiir. on whirli tli.' .ap.- liii w.T.. in aliiiii.lanc.. hut c.i.l w.ml.l not tak.. th.. hail. Th.. (■ap..|iii s..a.s.in was o\|.r. 'I'll.. |.o.| (.oiihl he M.,.n at thr hotlom in s.aii.. plar.- likr a wall, hut woiil.l not hit.-. The .-oil and eap.'liii hail airiv.'.l .'it ley ■rii-ki... near Imliaii Harhoiir, on thr Mllh .Inn.-, hiit th.. lishin^- tl....| di.l not arriv,. until .liiK. In iNTli thi. Ili'rl wnv ill ..ivn.ral a f..VtniL;hl l;it..r tiian th.. rish. owiiie- to ir... I.iriil. I '.aiiniaii.linr-. .\l,-\, Murray. I'.S. N.. foiiml th.' siii- fa,.|- t..mp..raturi- of tli.' ' l-ahra.lor ( 'iii'r..|it." in .Iiih . .-ol.li.st whi'i-.. th.' \\alrr was ,li...prst .'iml thr ..iinrnt ^troiir...,t, Thr voyar-,. was ma.le in IStm. in thr iiioiith .if .Inly, to ol.s,.r\ r th.' t.ital ..elip,s.. of th.' siin in th.' n.-iehhorh I of ( ap.- Chii.l- l.-i-h. <»ii Ih.' 1st Aiir'iist, ISCO. th.' K.\pr.liti.in f..iin.l thr snrfae,. wat.r .if thr Straits of i!..ll.' Isl.- t.i hav,. a t..mp..iatiiri. .if ">•>- Kali., ami .Inriiir' th.. voyne.. to Eclipse Harhonr th,. t..|ii- pi'iiitiir.. .if th.. s..a at th.. siiifae,. wa.s fr..i|ii..ntl\' .lown t.i :ts= or :!!(= in the tni.l.jl,. of July. I. .\ ni-it l>i llie aertli-wisl ciiiist .if l,iiliiiii|,i|., .liiviiiK ih,. natiiiDii „r IH117, li.v II. .\l. .■.^. (Inniifl. (■.iiiiniiiii.|..i' W, I'liiaiiiiu. H. .\. .I.iiiiiial ..f tliu Kiivnl I'Vt.'iit mi tlir Alliiiitir miist .it'('M|ii' Hivtiiii IhIiukI. In >iiiiiiiii'r. cspcciiillv mi luiiik-*. tin' liiii|»iii- t'llr ot' lllc WMl.l. willlill till' llMllilll'il flllllnlll lilllil. nftl'll lll".(ill.|> I.I lllhl .Vl'M IVIIlllill-4 111 ill.' flTI'/.ill^' |luilll lit' fiVsll Wiiti'i. 'I'Im' -cm rliiiml''. ill wliirli lln' iiitiiiili' niiiilitiiili' •'( ti-li lisc' Mini lhii\.' in Nmlli Anni icMU --rM-. liilliiiMccii liv llh' I,;iKi)u|iir ( 'iirivul. is I'm iimiv srvriv lliiili iIm' iiiMiiiii' cliiiiiili' .if N iillic'iii KiliM|H'. iiotwillislMiiiliiiy llic iliU'iMi'liii' ill JMli- tiliiiki's till' smilli niii-t lit' livliiiiil. piivvs fur siiiitii 111' NiiNM SciiliM Mini -liiki- llii' Aiiii'iicMii iumsI ih'MI- l'iirtliiiil Ml ('ll|lr Hlvtull Ulllllil. sWri'l'- |iM-t lllriil-l ciuist of (iiiTiiliiiiil Mini liiiiilu-. till' iKiitlii Ml |iiirt iif li'i'- iiiiiil. |iiii>iiiiii,' II iiiirlli-.'MstiTly ciiiiisiv 'I'lii' «iiiliT iMitliiTiiiiil nt +1 ili'.^ln-,, wllirll illC'linli-. -until . if It- limit-. mII till' -I'll- llliillli >r'itlMI|i|. |m— r- I'mI- 111 tllr -mllll I if NnMI SciiliM Mini strike- till' I'liiti'il Sliilc- iii'Mi' ( 'niir t 'ml. ''■' Hmicc llir rli- iiinlMl ciiinlitimi- iimirr wliicli Nmlli Aiiiriiriiii iiiiiiiiir lifr tiinl- -ii-trimiicc ilitf'm- MiiiMzinyly frmn likr i dilimi- in Niiilli rii I'liimiii', Mini wliilr uiir iiiMV III' iry-.-irili-il M- ifiii|ii'r- Mtf. til" iilliiir is -iili-arctii-. ninl mi |iaits nf lln' I liilf niM-t. iln' nurtli-i'iist niiist iif Ncwfiiiiinlliiiiil Mini tin- .\llMlitii- cum-I nf till' l/llilMil'il- It i- Miclir ill wiiilri. Tin' li-liili« si'M-mi- Mil' in iiiii-ri|nrr.'Mt lisliiiiv' ,-i'M-mi fur cml in Kinii|ii-, |iMrlicMilMrly in NmWMV, Willi II-. sllllllliiM i- thr lisllill;;- -I'M-mi. Till' tillli' will ani\.' with ir;;aril In tlir Iniiiiiu wlimi wiiitm- lisliinirs will Ulki- i)la(i' tu Mil imiinn-i' iMinl mi Nunm Sciitiaii .slioifs, fm- i; I- mily wiiliin tin- la-l fi'U \rMi- iIimI tlir lirrriiiL; liavr li:. !i ili-i iiM'iv'i in ■villi -I iiinlir llir lami.' tliMl i-. iH'Mr ilir -limi's mi mil cnM-t-. 'I'lir-i- ami ntliii- iii-laiici- iif In" l ti'ni|irrMliirr nf iIh-i'm i-aii scan-r- ly 111- -aiil In li-r niaiiN ilrLiri'i's iilinvc tin' firiv.iliu' iiniiit nf fiT-li wall r iliiriiiL' til ■ -i.\ -iiniiinM- inmitlis nf tin- yivir. ami y.t till- i-n,iniimriai lislir- almninl llniv, |iarlii-nlMily tin' t'nil Mini till' ilirrin.L.'. Wlimi cmniiaivil with (iivi'iilainl -fm- till' iiiii-; liMil an ii'i'-i'iivi'i'i'il ari'a tlir riiiii|>ari-nn fm' lln' -Mini' .li',:;ii'i' nf latilu.l.' i- in Immh' nf ( iri'i'iilaml. Hilt this |iiv alriic.' nf li.w ti'nipi'ratnii'-. I'miriiri'i'iitly with lln' aluiml- aiii'c nf ti-h. nf I'i'iistaceaiis. a- wi'll a- nf h'— m- fmin- nf lifr. -Imw linu cnmliiciM' In tlii'ir ili'\i'lii|inii'iil i- tin' InwiU'.-s nf till' ti'iii|i('iatiiri's which iin-vail- in llin-r -I'a-. ami tlir lirn- iiiini'in-i' uilh whirh tin' l,Mliiailnr t 'nil. 'lit i- invi'-li'ii M- a li-li fnnil |irniliii'in.^ aii'a. 1. .S'.' Ill- r.l.'i'riHiiro rlmil nf iIih l.t.illnM'iu.ilx nf llii' .V.iilh .Mlaiilic ; iil<.. •• Kiiiilii'i' Kiiiiuiiii'K rill ilL-Hiinii- Cii'i'uhitniii," liy Willium II. ('Hi'iHailer, .M.n., I'. U.S. Cii'. .M.'iii. lll^l. ..f i-'niii.'.' i'l''. li'iy. s,,> li.tn, tv,.i„ tl... s|,.,r,. ,,.vs,.n,.sn liitfli.T tiM,|„.nilinv llm.ill,,. Mim.im.linK •*'•"• O.-nrinllv its ''■l"l"""lllr i, ,,,„,i,|,.,nl.|y |,,^«. ,„„| ,1,1, |„„. „|,|,|i,., ,„,,'„„|y I- liiuikr Imii „1„, icslmalin^' ,,.,1^ on ..ppmii.-liin- Inihl Miiil iIh' VHimtiuii i> .siHTmlK in„„if,.>i on tlir Nmtli A linui •■"<>M Witliin thr ilitlilrlMv ,.f tlir Ai.ti,. .•inivMl ,„• „„ „ niu'- inw .strip ,is f„r .,,„tli ns < ;x],v ( ',„! ,„ ,.v,n Nrw \\,ik, Tli,. 1"M illnstiiilinii i. ,,f,.,,iii-.,. il„. (iiMii.i l!„iik> ,,r Nrwr.,„n,l- liiii.l. Il,.iv I|iiim1,.,|,Ii C,,,,,,,! ,|„. siirfiic.. vvntrr ..f ll„. (iniM. siafs s.'iiirr,illv, llinl ■ Wlinvvrr w,. Imil o.r.ision I,. ,,l,s,.r\ r tl„. I,.|„|„.n,liiiv "'' "" '"'■•■'" "■'■'■ '"I'lks lin of l,.mp,ratnrr takr placr in llarlionrs on Dominion ami Newfoiindlam! coasls. arisiiiir f,.,„„ '_'"''"♦'"'•' '■ til'' l-iil'ra.lor .-urivnt, uliicli is ..vcrvniHrc tVIt to a -rratrr ,,r I, ,s ,|,-r,.,.. Tlir .S,,, l,.m|„nilMr i Kiiro|iraii coasts rannot lif coiuparcl in |..,int of sn.M.ii ditrcr- ••iicrs and .•xir.-me cold, witli tlic ti'inpnatnrcs wliicli prevail witli us. 'I'licsr rvmaikahlr variations arc s,, inl imalciv con- nected Willi lisli life ami the moveiiirnts ,.f li.), that ijiey nii'iit tile closi'st scrntinyand s|ii,l\ 'I'lie e;reat ma.ss of til,' Water of llie (;idf of St. Lawivnce lins a temperature of al»ait .'t:. deeives, ,,r tlnve .jeerees al.ove ''"' f' i'-iiii.; point of water ; it is always waiiner al IdOfalli- .ims.airordin.,' to Dr Kelly, liian al .Ml fallcms, and in iliis particular il dill'eis , -I, f|,,ni llie open .\ilanlic, ■nv\ii'i;n\rii;i; OP Till-: .s|.:\ w \,i\\i:u\:\t hki'th.s nil-; (iii.h' OK sr. i.awhknc k. ('i)lil niid Wnnn Slrnlii. HH. pr. Kelly '-> h:is shown ihiil the walcr of the (iulf of St. Lawrence can lip dividod into ' strata' as rffjanls tcmpciatnre. A zone of witcr of a certain dcu;ree of warmth is .supcriiiipo,sed upon a zon<' of less and sometimes hijj[hcr lempcratnic. and these zones are cup or saucer shaped, licinj,' disposed lowards the deeper portions of tlic Gnlf, and sometinu-s (Dmiufjto the sur- face at variahle distances from the coast. Dr. Kelly records the somewhat remarkable ol.servation, lliat in tlie eper portions of the (iulf the water was found, ■• in every instance," warmer at one hundred f.ithoms of depth than at Kfty fathoms. The speci- fic gravity ol the deeper portion heiii^r always f,'reatcr at tiie greater ilepths, " the saline contents of the strata thus jjiving them a relative |)ositioii different, in some instances, from lliat which they would occupy, if Ihcir specific i,'ravities were inliu- enced by the tcmperafure alone." 1. lln till' l.'in|ii.nitiiri' of till' -iM-l'iii,' Will. T DViT ilu' liiinks ,m\ lu'iir llie si|(ir(',>rving ol' notice lliiil llii" lc, lieiug cuiicd liv this ciuienl from, instead of towards, rlic (iiilf. 'I'lic tiHipiiatiiie of the surface wiiter in the liays and hailMii'^ 'tf llir (Iulf is rapidly and niiirkeilly atlccted l.y winds. Ill .\u-u-t l)r. Kelly fniiiid the surface water of l\rgn>lik;i llailiiii lliictiiale fnao -W to '>i' h'twecti tin- I.Hth and 2.Stli of iha: nmnth, iieeiirdiiig a-- tlic winds weiv luoi,. or li.vs fresh otf 1)11 the .>liiire. tiff .Niiiiiiini nil the :!Ut August, llie surface wnlci wa- ."ll ihr ail 111 inu: ."ill'. Iiiil llu' nest ilay. owing to ii ehiingc in ill" wind to llic iinrtliwar.l. the siiiface sank to :ilt\ the air I'liig I'l .\i III plao'. in ]iiis.siiig ii I .III the 2!tth .lime. l"s:l-_'. till- Iciiipeiiitiiic of the siiifnce was only ";!', thi' shoiil liiingiiig tin- cold ^.iilistiiitinii In tlm surface, it lying in the cniiis.. nf llii' eiiireiit The cH'ccl nf lid. sand winds in ding tlin water nn iind near shoals li\ luiiiging ii|i the cold wiiter strntniu from ■.'ivati r dcplh^ i- Will kimwii. and in the hay of Kiindy the low tciiipcialiiie is pindiiciil liy the luiNiiii; actinii nf the high tides ,,f that H;\\. 'rhcse ohsi-rvatiiin^ liavi-a din el lieaiiiig iipnii 'lie elfcet nf « illd- nil the .-aleh nf ^infllci. feeders, ivfelivd In ill the fnnt- lliilr nil |my,. S'i, j||,t „- ill.' |ll' lill;,' IVlllttrks nil tllf I'lllcl of li'iii|ii'nitinv sti'iitii itiv illiislmti'il liy tlic i.l.snvii- tiniis cniiiliict,.,! In- till' iills|iiriH uf tlir M.tmi nlipt;icill S.i- cii'tV nt' Scritliiiiil, ivtViiril fii (III |iiii;i. HI. Ill iililMiiHi..|| ..f III.. ,ii||',.|v|ir,. ill ill, l..|ii|,.Tii|iiiv .if N.'li wni.T liiki'ii fi..iii .lili'.iviii .l.'|,tliM ill til.' (iiilt, l)r, Ki'lly ill- -tiiiii'.-- II s.Ti.-. ..f .ilis.iviitii.iK lift' till' Isliiit.j .if .\!iti<'..^ti .III ill.. Inili Aii-ii-l, l^.■l| T.'iii|i. .if ^111 t'lii'i' wiit.'i' .-,(,» Al .l.'|iili ..)■ Ill I'liili.iiiis 4(1 •'"' ri>M ■*tnitiiiiii :tt..V ■'" .-tl '"" wiinii siriitiiiii. , :\7 'S|i.'illii-i,'r(uili.., .|,.|.|',.ii,iii, i.'-iiliilly |'i..i,i 1, 021'.". I.. I,l):i7l) nt ill.. .j|..'iit..>l .|..|.tli, <»!!■ r.iiin .1,. Muiit^, ..II (||,. |:iili .Inn,., |.s:i-2;--. Will.. I- Ml til.. >n|.fii,'.. (.;)= ^p „,. I 1)1!) At .l..|iili.,f 10 i',.itli.,iiis. c.il.l strMtiiiii.i.. . .:17"'.V. . i.o:.:! ■-'•' wiiniislnitiiiii.i. .:i|) ■. I.O'.'K! '■'" I'.'l.l stIHtlMll. .. , .M.'l ■ I.Oi'li " !'"■ w.'iriii ■•InitMiii, . ,:i(i l.l):J7."i .\t till' Slim.' |)lii('.', iitli .l'il\. |^;!| '•''■"'I'. •!' -^"it'iic.' .-,7= , ,.,,,. ^,|., 1.017 At , I. .pill .,f :\ t'.'..| n. !• fiiili.iiiis 40 ■ I" :t,s ... ■ K'l* :i:. ... i.()27:i 'l'li...'(r..cl III' wiii.K is t.. Mii\ ill,, sinita ,if whI.t nn.l i.ipi.i. .Iiir.. II iiiiil',.niiiiy ,.f i..iii|i,.i.atiir,' iis .l.'i'p ns tli.' inixiii.,' iic- (•IMS. Ti.l.'N will mImi jii'.i.lii,',' till' sniiif ri'siilt, tliniij;li jii'rlmji.s ill a mill..!, .j.'^rr.','. I.nt wli.ti li.l.'s lui.l \vil|,|.^ net tDfji'tlicr tlu'V limy ri'iliiiT tln' ti'iii|i.'|.|iliiii. ..f n z..ii.. ..(' wiiI.t t.> ii c.iiisi.liT- iil.lr .|..|.lli. ..^iii.i.ially ,,|| aii.i ill th,' ii.'i-.lil,..ii|.| I ,,|' l.iinks nil. I >lii.ii|s. Dr. K..||y rii|.tli..|. st,ai..> that ■ \vli..|i..\ ..|- w.- lia.l .u.i.iisi.iii t..iii.. I'a.s.s, it was wjoimT iii'iii th.. Ian. I than al a .lislam-.. fmm it. On Ih.' 17lh .1.111.', l.S.ili, Dr. Kdly ro.iiistiTcd thi' lollowing tcinpcnitiircs when hd'alruiil, mi a piiiiit I:,' miles simtli cast nf Point (Ic,.* Moiit.s, in the cstiiaiy of the St. r.awii'n.'c : 'rcmpciiitm-c. Sp. ijravity. Surface .■>! l.OKSO .5 fathoms f n.r, I(» " ,'i,S '.'.'.' ;iO " col(l strahim :j','.;) i .0!.'li 1 ")<> " :i;t .'.\mm •'^" " ;u i.o;.>(ii; 11" " 35 1.0^71 150 " ;)5 l.o;>-8 llelow the depth of 100 fathoms the temperature of the ivater did not chanife, hut its specifie gravity .ontiniicd to in- crease. IIIO ComimrinK lliis ''"I'l'" ""''i " »■''■'"' '"'''■' "' '•■iii|"'''"""'''"' taken 1 1 til F«'l> , 1H7 I, in I.iit. liO •>*' Mnntli. it will lif wen thnt I sdiiirwiinl similar noiii'K of iayoi'' of ""111 iiji't «aim wali'r oc- cur in the ilrtp -(m wlicir til" li'ail rcconU inaiiv Imndrcil fii- llioniH. (Clialli'ii^(iM, .1 lvl*as III) tlic ;,'rfiil Sisi KiHhcrii's. I'ln' answer laii only he ailii|iiii(i'lv I'Xiiiisscil h\ n. c'S|irissi,in. 'an all-iiiiiiinlaiit licaiiiiK ' I'lii'y "Icli'iiiiinc tlu' vortical posit inns in llic nca ol /OIK'S 1)1 niiniiic anil inici.HCdpl life which form the hoiucc ol the loDil (if the hi'^iier forms, ap to those of the tisll which lee-l either directly or indirectly upon them. The Herring *"'''^ '""' rise, with its food, so does the Mackerel, and the toll liait Used hy the tishernien of the riiited St.iies, hi'.iifs the school* to the surf ice friuii /ones wlicie lliey hiiv" liteii prolialil) let'din.!^ iM' restiiij;. These points will he lictlcr and iiioic fully illus- trated in Mihscci'ieiit pariifjraphs 111 the ■ 1,1-1. liMiiir Clianni.l" 1.. t w.'.'ii tli.' N'ovtli •>( Scot- land ii!\d .lie l-'iiiMc Islaii.ls, till tcnipir.itur.' .d' the water "Vei a lai.- oait ot the lintlnni ranges tn two dc'.'rees nlevell Ml. .re, I'rhif :\Z . tin fl zilli,' point of flesli water Dr. N\'. Ii'_ Caipeiiler oil I'liysiciil liiveslii,'ati.in> mi l«iiii.l tln' " N'nloroiis in .\iii.'iist, In7."i. I'l" li'V, S.ic, V..1. NXV. \.i I7:t \'.2Xi. Tile .PCClllVMce ..f ^h.cl- ..I' W ali'l .if \ .■l\ • litf.'lvllt li'lllper- Mtinvs .ivi'i-lyiiiu' .me ae it'ier, is w.'ll illu-trat.'.l in a jiaper hy Dr. I '.•lI'lKMIter. pllhlishi-.i 111 the I'l". ll'S. loini ill D.'c.'iiil.'r. ell the ciielitions f..r tli.> rapid f.innatioii • •( .\iiidi.ir Ice are pivseiit. The sen on the slioals is iinifdrnily e.i.ile.l. a cLmi- sky aii.l a 1,'ciitle north wiii.l assists the radia- ti.in ..f li.al. an 1 ice s|iiculie finiii with ;,'reiit rapidity in the Liliia lor ciiireiil, oft 'H iner.'as.' 1 ill lo:'a! iiiLoisity liy tides. The causes which jfivi' rise to tli.' \arioiis >iii.ets of water ..J .lill'eivnt ti'iiiper.iliires in flu- I'.ilar s.^as. are thus lirietly e\- press..d l,y Dr. Carpenter: ■ It is iplite true that the surface water is oft. Ml f.aiii.l t . !.• e.il.l.r than the stratum wideli iiii- niedialely llieleliies it, the telllpelature of the former lieine- IV- diiccl hy Ml.' ni.'ltiiiL:' of th.' iiv, whilst the c.iM.'r wat.'r cai- tinii.'s t.i tlo.n in \iitur ..f it- inf./mr ^.(I'mil'i. Hut the waiiii ,s"/i-surl'a(v slraliiin may ii..w he atliriiied with certainty t.i 1..' iip.ai a l..-d .if glacial water, the lemperatiir.' ..f which ha- l.'.n f.aiii.l ill -.en.- iiislanc.'s to.le-cn.l as l.iw as i'> . 1 lll,i rs .'I' 1 I lillKN ts. .\.liiiiral CI. .Ill-, in th.' ■ /';/-/, ./■ 7V,',v-.\V,/.e,-," states, that th.' curiviil- ai.' \.'iy sir.iie,' and irre;;uliir in the viciii'ty of Ni^wfomiillaiid. and that whil.' the ciirient hetw n tlielirand Hanks and N.'wfoiindlan.l i- i-.iiuiiiniily to the s.mth-wesl at th.' rat.- of .a mile an li.air, v.-t tlii> i- not iii\ arial.l.-. nil '■><> A.ImiIIIiI I.MV.III.I. .piulr.l I,x A. I 111 il'.l I ( 'I, ,I|.'' , . l."..Til «•, " ii"'"ril>-iii(li..>,,iillic..nsi„f N.'wt'i.iiii(||iiii,|,i»v..ryinvjrii- '_"'■•"'"' "•''■' '• vi..l,.|it I,,.,,,. t|„, ,1,.,,,, t|„>„ „, „\|iH(„„,.„ fioiii it, MO ihut it Im-uimiiim nlmiMt iiii|iiiHHili|i' to imlicnli' willi luvi'lsioii tlii'lr •lihrtioii ,m<\ inlliiii U'itli ivyiir.l t.. will.!,. A.iiiornI Clou.' v,.„tl„.r is iiioiv cliiiiiui.iil.l. tlmn on III.' roiists i|.iuaK.w of .Nrwioiiii.llim.l. Kivi|ii(.Titlv.lmiii-,'ilH. Hiiiii- .luv tlw win.l will ii„ii<,. tl„. i.Miu,! of li„. .■oinp,.s,. AftiT lllivill;,' l.lowil flV,|| fiolll tl ll^^l in I ll.' Illol iiiin;, it will I'low witli till' sum,, foivi. in un o|i|i,Hit,. ,liiv,'ii Iiuiii;; lli,. "'''''■' "• 1111,1 liiiys, ami tlii-oii;;li isli.n.ls, m,. of u , |,|,.s .•Imr- iiftir. mikI \,t\ fiv,|ii,iii!.v 111,, siirfiii'c ..iiiiviit off. is no iniiint- lioii v\li,ii,M.|-,,f 111,, yvni'ial iiio\,.|ii,.nl of th,. wat..r,.v,'ii liv.' fatlioiii l..|.,w, lii,|,.,.,|, «i(|„,i,t ..Mivliil ..i.snvalioM-., llii. >li- iv,.ti,,n .if (il,. iin.l,.)' ciinvnis ..aiinot h,. >l,.|,riiiiii,..l, an. I nil "n.iH|il.i.Mlniw,.,,iii.|iis|oiisf|..iiii siiifa,.,. iii,li,.at,i,.iisiiiv liaM.. lo iiiiii'li ,'ii'or. In lool;iiii;f,,i- iMi \vlii,.l,ii,.c,.-,sMnK ,ii IN., si „.ason» follow Mil' l.;iit, w,. must li,. .riii,l,.,| 1,^ il,,. iiM.l.r ,.iiir,.nN, whifli also oiri.l,. aii.l iliivcl 111., l.iilaii.l tlms ,|, .(,..■, „i,„. ,|„, mimviiipiiIs of tli(. lisli, Ailiiiiial |!;ulirM instai ^ niaii.v i'\niii|)l,.- in tli,. (;iilf ami rslimry of IIil St, Lawivm f' n lliin sii,, .rMniliiin ,.f <'omiiiirat.iv,.|y li^'lit an. I warm w,il..|- m.,\ii,..r ,|,,uii t| ,tiian ■>v ivmaiiiin.,' staii.maiT. tli.. hm.I.t I'linvnt lnUin.,. aii.illh'r • liiiclion. Tliis, w,. know from ili,. ivi-,.|it ,,l,-.,.ivalion, l.y lli.. sciinii- lie stair , if til,. Cliallrii;,',.!-. 111,. Valorous, i„i.| ,,i'|„.r ,,f II. M. v,.ss,.|s, takoHjilai.,. on a ;rraml sfal,. in ih,. ,,|,<.|, ,,r,'aii, ami tli,. (•as,, most inl-'ivstim; to Xi.wfoumllan.| is tliat of tlir warm, lliin suporstratiMii movini; up an, I l,,war,ls Davis St rails. n,.ar till, (iivriilan.l loiist. 'I'll,, ciiriviit has piol.nlilv .-iii inilu.-m-,. upon 111,. iii,.v,.|m.nts of .s,.aN ,,n an.l l.,uar,|s ili,. ( ;i v,.|il,i,i,| coast. 1!IK (H 1,1 STIIK.WI. !M. Alllioii.^'ii f.M- all piailical and even llicoiWical piirpiw-s il ir','lil l)(. ,oiisi,I,.r,.,l that tin- irivi,'iiliir ciirvf r,.pn.s,.i,iiiit; th,. oni! h miliril I'.illmm lino of soinidiuyis embraced tlu- whole of the availalil,. aiva in which .I,.,.p s,.a fishinjr U pradiscl in Aiiicri.aii u,,i,.,s, yet il will !„> far moir Mitisfaclory lirsl to in- dicate the appropiiat • dist.uic- of the (iidf ,Stre;,in from the Ameiicaii c.,)ast noiih of th(. .iidli parallel of latitnd,., as deter- mined l>y th,. (Tnited States (',)ust Siirv..y. North of the ;}t)tl, paiallid the coarse of tlif! (Jnlf Sire.im accordini,' to the chart in volume for ISlill of the U. S, Coast Survey, lies wholly ,)..lsi,le or heyomi the 1(10 i;ith,>m line, Imt spins or olts,.ts ne.irly touch that line on the parallel named, abreast or due east of C.ipc lleiilopcn. The distaneoof the "cold wall," a w,.|| doKne.! b.iiindary lietwi.en the warm water of the (iulf Sti^am and the coM wiit,."r lyinu; between it and the coast, ,s thus stated hv th,' Siiprrin- temleiit of the U. .S. Coast Survey (A. li. Hache). " ' DlSIANCKOK (;oi,li W.M.I. FUOM SllOlit:, IN Mll.KS. Mih.s. Cap,. Ilattcras Section ;-,() ( '.ipt I lenry " (jr, Cap,' May " " ' jo,-, Sandy I look " ,> , ,) I. I'liil,.,! Siiii,.< t\,;i>t .Siin,.v. Isiiii. Hilt hclwicii till' " (did wall " ami tlic slioic llicrr air warm li.iiiiU, aNo ail Dvciriow of the (iiill' Stmiiii, wliiili t^rcatly liiiiiis llic area and voliiim' dI' the cold watiT. '' South ol' New York, tin- coldness of the watei-s hctweiMi the coast and the (iiilf Stieaiii is due to tlie snr;,;iiii; up of the ijieat hed of nearly ice cold water which underlies the (iiilf Stream, and there in no soiitli-wi'->terly moveiiu'iit ohseived 'I his is fully explained hy Dr. Carpenter, in his '■ Kiirtlier eiKpiiries into Oieaiiic circulation" — )> '■>'}', .lotir. Hoy. (ieoijr. Soc. .lune. l.S7t. riie edije ot the (iidf Stream soiilli-eist of Nova Scotia is represented on the Admiralty chart at ahoiit I'll) i,'co miles dis- tant from the coast. lOt) miles due sonth of Sahle Island, and in its siiiniiicr extension sweepiiiy; over the eMrcme sonthern cdi;e of the (ireat IVilili of Mewfo milland dmlni,' .\iii,'iist and Scptcinlier. In all ci'ses, except where it touches the southern end ol'tlii' (ireat Hiiik, it lies heyond the hnndred fathom line id' suiMidinLjs. Its iioillii ilv s« ini; diiriui; the suinincr imnitlis carries it a varialile distance heyoiid the limits assii;ne to stilt,, that the seas lyiiiy- to the north of th'- (Iulf stii'am me partly siih-aivtie and ar.-tic in their ehar- actiT. ami that the wliol.' of t' ■■ (iulf of St. I.iwivncc is iii- chulvd within the limits nccupici. hy coM waters, the suinniei ^iirlace coastal lilm of warm w.il ■! hciii;;' \('i\- shallow and unstalile. .Vs far swiith as N. \v N'.iik the c-old coastal waters arc .l.oived from the arctic or Lahvador cuireiil. South of Nrw Viii'U llic siiryilij;- iipwar.l of the cold glacial heil of ihr (i'lif stream i> apparent. ' ' ' :iL'. (tic of lie- most important lishiuy eniniels for coil wi;;iiii the wat.-is .itl' the e,,a>t . or e\i n hi;;lier. In the deep part of the (Iulf of Maine, styled hy I'rof. Veiiill. St. (leiU'L'es (l.df. the water is ley eo'id. lint ■■ whethiT the nearly iee-ciild water (llliii',' the de,']ier part- of the cold area can he r.'i;ardeil a- constitiitine- a delinit" cnireiit or ott'-hont fiuin the u'lvat arctic current, tl iw m^' southward alon^;- oiir coast in deep wati r offshore, or whether it is a |ioilii)n of tin' "leat hoily of 1 I'd water til!, u' the ocean ha-in at "leat ileplhs. which is hioii.dit into this partially closed hasin h\ the powerful tidiil cuir ills is still uiii- u-tain. Bnl it is i.up.iriant to have estah- lishi'd the fact tlial this hody of eidd water a|iiu-oaches so closely to till coast iif Maine as in manifest itself most dis- I I'uji' 171 f .s C.Hi-l .Sirvfy f^aa. •_'. .'.v KimriiiHl. .\iiii'rii'iin .leiniiiil >il Si-ii'iicc. IK-,,1 ,. Ihi.l I'll;;' 1 I -ill' iiU.i |.iip' 4;is. \,.I. VI,. :!iil .Siii.- tiiu-tly will, in ]2 m 1 :, ,„il,.s „f ('„,„. Hlizalirtli. l.ntli l.v its In-lily iiivlic fMiiiiii .-iiKl iis |,-y triiip,.|-atinv, .'wn in midMiin iii.'i-. Mdivov.t, tliciv can lie no doiilit Imt flmt tli.' (■iiii-!;.-^ mInii.Ntniv df tliis c.lil Kotloin-watii- with tli.^ warm smfncc- wati'i-s, liv means of tin. stron;,' ti1«,.iv,m1 in tiir slial- low watris of tiii's,. .lioivs, an.l rvm in tli,. small liays and 1|'1i1k.;ms alon- the cntiiv uastvrn and northern c-oast of New Kni^land." I'l Tlie intlnenc f tlie l.aloa.lor Cnnvnt i^ felt insliori' as far sontli as l.on.j- Island S,,nnd. in llir vieinily of Ni'W Vork. In IS?:, i'rof. Verrill writes:^ "Our invest'iira- tions sliow ennelnsively tliat there is a very howinu' the ureal dif- fereiii-.' which <'xists lielwei'ii the wariu surface waters and the <'old -uhstratuiu in which th.' iKittoin fi'edin-' fishes find their food, such as the Cod, Haddock, Halihnt, \r.: *^n-i\^„-'<:y\.\r ■■'■' Lat. 4.r.:2i» lion. ti.')'.2l l''l'''i +:. fathoms. Ternprr.iture of hotlom :!.-, ^iiifacr ;i(j = air 5H' '•'■ ll'-'ve Hank |,„t, 4l>\.-.(; Loll. 114"..") I l''T'li +•■> fathoms. Teiiiperatuiv of holioni :t(i = surface Ill - llax of Kini ly Ka-t of (iiand .Manaii. '''•l"l' I()(i fathoms. Temper;ihn-e of holiom :t7..') = ft;}. The aica eiiihiaied vvifluM the liundrcd fathom line of sonndin.ijs on the coasts of the Uiiitod States, cstimatiiifr (Vom Cape llattcras towards Cape Sunle in Xova Scelia, docs uot exceed 4."),(m() square miles, which is ahoiit h;df the entire area of the Gidf of St. I,awreiice. The area nl Nova Scotiau waters within tlu' hundred luihoin line of s.mndinsjs is ahout 48,000 s(iu..re miles Ot the (ireat Hank of Newfomiland. includiiiif the waters with'u 100 fithiun line. Ii0,()l)l) sipuire miles. I'he north-east coast of Newfoundland and the Lahr.ulor as far as Naiii, .'.'O,0(tll square miles. 'I'he (inlf of St. I.awicnce, (il), (»().) s,piare miles These .'.reas tahidati'd ■.land ihiis : S,|. .M. .\i(M of rniled Stales coastal waters within hinidied I'atlioni s( lUidinns jr, ^^^^^ Area of Nova Scotiau ci>ast;d waters within l(»l) la- tliom soundings (,s ooo 1. I'liRP 4,T,S, vi.l. VI , Snl Soiifs- .Xm. J.air. of SiHunpo. ■-'. .\. !•;. VoiTill Ucsalts ,.r |(,.,.,.ni DnvlKuiK Kxpcliliohs „n the ('..n.-t of .New Kn^jliuiil. .Viiicii.'iiii ,l»in-iiiil of .S-ii'hci'. lisT.^i, p. -Jol. :(. ri'.'f, .\. !•;. V.^i-ill .\iiii'h.'iin .l.arnn! ..f .S'i.Mifi'. .Ian. IsT.'i, |,, 111. 104 Area ol (iiand I'.ank williiii llic >.\iiic liniilN (iO.dOD Area of (iult ol' St. Law reiicc within the same limits. (iO.OOO Aroa of Norlli-\vrouiiill.iii(l and l.ahrador, a> fill- as Naiii, within 100 fitiiom soiin(hni;s .... !.'0,000 Area of Bay of Fnndy. part of tin- I'.stnary »f the St. I.awrrncc, and other inlaiul niarinc waters williin 100 fithoni >.oun(Hnir> ll.'.OOO 'riilid arci of Mrili>h .American Spa Fisheiies within the 100 lathoni line of soiiii(linp:s fil.'i.OOO United --States waters 4'),000 !lf. .Sii \Vy\illi- ■rhnni|i>oii hiirtiy di'scrihi's tlie iirc-i'iit i-nnililioii (if tlir ;^rrat ti.sliinj;- nioiiiids in Hnropc in liii,u:i's :)0N and :!'.l!l.if the •■ I)e]ith,-. of the Sea." showiii.!;. wlieii (•(inipared with the I'lMuiitiiiii wliicli invvail in tlie Noitli Anieriean Kisli- in^- (Iroimds. tlir diU'civnees wiiieli exist in tlie marine eliniate of tlie two areas, and tlie prohahle reason why llu' li-hini; -easoiis are in a measure ri'VeiM-d. The Norwe^fiaii " Winter Cnd" laui^hl on tin- l.ofoic^n Hanks retires dnrim: the snnuner to the ed-v I'f the ' I'olar |)ee|is," where cold wMt'i' iiivvail>. It is only in the Northern part- of .N.irway. towards and hey 1 • V.pe North, that the I 'od is taken to a larj,'e extent in spriii.n' and ~innnier. lii-ie lie- (iidf Stream exerts a ndnimiim etli-et. It is .-eareely neees>ar\ to -.ay that for .vt ry unit of water whieh enters the Kasin of tlie North Atlantie, ami whieli is not I vaiiorated. an eipiivalent must return. .\s eold water enii gravitate into tie- .lerprr ]iarts of ih.- ocean from all direc- tion--, it i.- only niider peculiar eir<-uinstan(-e- that an\ mo\e- ment ha\ instill- eliaracler of a current i- indiu-ed ; th(-se (-ir- ciim-tanee- oecnr, how. \ii. in the coiilined and conlra<-ted conniinnication hetwceii the North .Vtlantie and the .\i-etie Se,-1. HelW.-i-li (',i|ir FaleWell (ir.-eiilaiid and I 'ape North Norway: tli.-r.- are only two channel-- of an> eoii-iileialile depth, till- one \ery narrow aloiio the ea>l eoa-t of li-eland. ami the otlii-r alniiLT the east coast o ' ( irccnlaiid. Tin- shallow- part of till- sea is entirely oci-npicd. at all i-vetits diirine: -iini- iner, hy tin- warm w.-iter of th.- ( iiilf sti-eam. eX(-ept at eo|.| How. at tir.-t a current, finally a nieie indrailLdit. afi'ect,s y-rcatly the lempeialuie of the (ler- man Ocean, hut it is entirely losi-, for tin- .slii,dit current whi(-h is a-iain [irodin-ed hy the ^'n-at i-iHiti-iiction at the Straits of Dovci , lia- a s;niiiir r t iiipei-atnre of 7'-'ie.. 4'i' 1 l''ah.,p 'j'hc path ol the eol 1 iiidr,iui,'tit Iroai Spit/hei-iji'U iii.iy he re.idily traced un tie- map hy the depressions in the .-iirfaep i-otheimal lilies, and, in di('il:;iii.i,', hv the ahiiiidanre of ^'ii;anti(. aiiiphipodoiis and i-npodiius iriis'.ic'-ans and othci well known .\ieti( animal liiriiis." •- l-'rum its low iiiiiiii velocity, the Arctic- n turn (-iirriMit or imh.oiijlit. must doulitle-s tend slightly in a noriher!\ direction, and the hiiilicr spccilie ijravity of the cold water may proiiahly cv'-n nioie powerlully Ic.iil it into the deepest ch.imicis ; or pos- si'dv ih(- two causes niav eomhine, and in the course ol aijes, the eiiriciits niav hollon out deep soiith-ac-lerlv u'riiovcs .Vt all events; the nriiii .Arctic return currents are very visi'de on the ihart fakiny; this (lireittiun, indic-ated hy marked de||cctious ol the i-oih> imil lilies I'lie most nr.rked is the I.alirador current, whirli pa--es doun inside the (iiilf Sdeaiii alon.i{ the coasts of Cii-olina .Old N(-w ,Iei-e\. nic(-tlm,' it in the straiige, ahiiipt ■-ri.lil will." dipping 'iiiilei it a- it i.-.siic- lioiii llieliull, eoniini; ion to flic mirt'iir'c n-fain marine clineUe to Its hahits. Its iiinde (.f spawning- ami the uianiirr in wliich the spawn is hatched are conducive to its preservation, not- withstandinj; the destnii'timi to which (h,. dilferent sehonls (if fish are suhjected l,y tle^ niethnds employed to tak.' annually the larjfi'st po.ssihle ipiantity. The soiMldiuf,' lead shows that the Imttoiii is eoniiiionlv covered with shells, i- i and small Hsh al.oiind in the waters eoverinjr the hanks, which arc ivLrarded as anion;,' the sources of the fonil of the cod. The late .Mr. ,luk,'s, in his ' Kxcursimis in Newfoniidlaiiil," notices th,. al.undant life ii, the N'ewf.Mindl;ind seas. He savs ■ .Myriad,- of Individuals, rcferahle to the j,'eniis Medusa Held', and oth.rs (if the Acale]ihn', swai'ni in the seas around Newlouiidland, and spaces, many .s(piare miles in extent, are sometimes tilled with them, Doiilitle.ss tliere are c(U-r(-p(,nd- niH- multitudes ,,f those microseopic aninialeuhe which form the food of those animals, and the phosplcresccnce of the sea points to tile sanic fact," As nii>,dit he 1 iiected, the marine life ,iii the dcliateal.lc .irroiind, near the southern cdo-c ,.f (h,. Cnmd Hank, is eharac- teiizcd l,y what was known so years since as a mixture of supposed siili-tro[iieal and suli-aretic forms, .lukes savs:— ■■ I'l-ofessor Stuwitz informed me that on the southern pint of the r.ank, and also to a certain extent (in the southern <'oasts of Newfoundland, the shells and animals had a more tropical eharaeter than would he .sujiposcd from the latitude, and from the existence of (itlier animals of an arctic character, lie at- trihuted this to the action of thefiulf stream, not mi much from its raisin- the t. niperature of the sinroundiii',' \v,\ter as from its current -wcepin.i;' the animals further north llian tliev would otheiu i-e reach." (■'■! !»(). On the coasts of the United .states, in the winter months, the proximity of the (iiiM' .Stre.nn to the Atlantic sea- hoard has the effect of elevatins; the temperature in the viciiiitv of the ocean, the amount hcim;0= in Florida, ahont 4 '' in North Carolina, and ahout M= or 1(1= in Massachusetts; in the summer months the elfect is reversed, as shown hy the isothermals eiirv- ing southwards ; this is due to the cold current ninnin^f south- wards hctween the coast ami the (iulf Stream, and the depres- sion produced would he still greater h.il for the cireumst.ince of the prevalence of westerly winds, which carrv the heated air seawards. The depressing eHect, however, in amount, is less thiin one half that ujivcn for the opposite season." <*■> 1. ••Tllc llc|illis,if tlu' Sen." K H, I., s,. H,.l|i^.s :„!,..,, ,suil,ni;Pi,,.cii„ns f,,; tl,„ |.;„,.i f„ii.i et N.nl'l Ammm. |ml.|isl„.,l l,y Ch,,,!,.,, \Vi| |,-,; |,,,,„l,.aliall .si,,.,.t. .'I. " Kxciiisi.iM.- ill N'l'Hli.iiiiclliiiiii." \el. II , |i. MM. ■t. SniiilK,. llian Cinlriliili' ii. \.,l, .\.\1, I lll> fIfiM t ,,| llw ( lull' Sliciilll 1-- siimi-tilllC- Celt ill ;l iciiwiik- iitilc mnniicr on llw miiiiIi sIuu,. ,,1 Now ri)iiiull.inil, iirol)al)ly iirisiiif; from ,i i imtiiiiiiiiicr of sonlli-caslcily oi' smitlicily winds- lionii\ epistle H'coiil- lliaf ,.;iilv in Janiiiiry, 184^', llic watiM' ill fill' occiin Wiis so waiiii that sailors (Mijoycd hatliin;,' in it. Thi- tlicrmumoli'i on siioio ua,: iVoiinciitly at zero aliniil llio time with iliiilin,;,' X. am! S. W. wimU. li,,t the winter of 1S|;,> was ic- niarkahlo for its i'\tiaonlinary i,'aics in January. ItT. Admiral Clou,; states that the iinpoitaiK'r of t hi' [''itMicli Hank Fi^helil^s is suhjcct to considciahli' f|i' tiiatioiis, and that alter one or two iinsucci-ssfiil yrars the tlei't (liniini>h in iiiiiii- l"'r~ : hut hf aUo says, writiiif,' ahoiit the year 1X()S. that since the gieal losses on the East loast (Xewloundlaii3, and of men to :.',.")IS : in ISO.! the nnmher ol vessels sank to H7, and nf aieii to '.2,4.)l! ; Imt the winters of I'^Hl-.'and 1,S()',' .i were se\ereiii the extreme in Ncwfonndl.md, and this iiniisiial sevi'rity prohahly atlected part of thesiiijplyof pelatfie or wanderiiij,' food which indirectly forms the source of the food of Cod ; and secondly, the severity of winters may have compidled the (ish to retin" from their ordinary wintering fjronnds, to deeper and more distant areas on the slopes id' the lianks, and the 100 fithoms line of soiiiiiliiiLjs which surround Newfonndhiinl. In this iise ihe moveinenis would lie similar to those which have liceii recoi,Miized for many years in the North Sea. The Silver Pits there, mentioned liy lloldsworth, are a i,'reat winter resort (or Hsh diirin;; extreme sea:u)ns, and no doiilit there are many deep and sheltered homes, — se.i \allcys or deep sea /ones, — to tthieh tish retire duriiii; exceptionallv inclement periods. its. \ eo.iiparis 111 !■ 'tween tin- niiiiihcr of \essels ini- ]iloycd hy the Fniich mi the (Ireiit Hanks and on the Fast Coast durin:; a series of yeais, when eoni|>,'u'eil with what i^. known .if the eharneler of the seasons diniii;L; the .same per- i 1 1. throws some llllexp 'cted liifllt upon the ineteol'olouieal eon- ditioM to which the c id lislleries of Xe wroUlldla lid are sllhject. ami points t.) 11 eaiKe att'ei'tiiiLr the nioveiiieiits of tish of the utmost iniportiiiiee. riifoitnnately. there is at ineseiit aviiil- alile ilata only for the yeai-s |,S{;o to IMIT hotli inclusive, and tile tahiilati'd results diirine tliis p-riod are as follows. Aluait eie-hiy sloops or small vessels. I ielon'.:i Ml;' to St, I'ieriv and .Mi- i|Ueloii. which also ri'sort to the B;iiiks. are not included in the followiiiif eniiineiatioii. I. I'll iif .1.' 'IVrrH .Vi'iiv. I r,l.a.. .l.'T.-n.' .\,.uv.. lO'i Hank V«lr. ! No. nrshlpi Im;o l:!:f iMil |L>i lS(i;) 1 s7 ! I.S(i4 ' !)1 iMi.'i lo;) iMii; \->s I -Ml? I. -J? ■'; ( 'im.st Kisliiiijf. X,. ..r M.-n. No. lof Ships. No. of .Mull L'hiir.H'lt'r of W.iiliM'. .•!.s7:f lo.- fil.Si) l,S.-).S-.->ll vii\- MVi ■i.sy.i l().-| (i,().-,,s is(i|.(;-j -'.'ii^ 11--' !i..'>!):i i.s(;2-(i:; ■• l'.4;!(l IK; .-,.4!):! „.„.s,„i c,,!,!, uTt iiiid -'.714 .v. :»,ii,s .•f,-Jli!l ••ii.ll W ' '2.7 :, iiornniiay r. Iln liov. .lali^in .M.irteii: -1S4S 41) lS5;t- .-.I. IM.-.S-.V.I, vtT.v sever,.; LSHl-ilJ, IS'!'.' i;:i, iiiii.n.r,„l,.atuilly Mover,.. ' ■-'. .\.'|..a..(iiiK' t,i tho aiuliov „f •• Krosi ,in,l |.'ii-o.- ili,. s^^lllk.r,^ ..I lsi!:( .111,1 I.SI14 woro roinarkalilo in tJr,.,u Hriliiiii iin,l Ciim.lii f.ir lli,.ir iinii»iiiil wiiniilli: ill Ijiliniiloniii.l ,\invt.> Iliiii,| ihev w,.r,i iiiiiisimlly ,'.,l,|, wot ami ■ link. In .liilyiuiil .\ntfnsi, l.siil, niiin.v nl' lli» linrlienrs woiv fnizon nml la.iH.v |.ii,-k i,-o roll,.] |., tlio li.niz.n .,|,|, ,sito f llivii.ilt,.n lnl..t ..|i Iho lsi .\ii«ii-l, isiu 10.H sitHm-, 11-. iiiiirkr.l li\ tu,. >liiii|ily ilisliiioiii^hrd coliils, ^rivcll isli-;4i'c_v Mini liiii' imliLTi) liluc. Ill l.lii' (livi'iilniid Sea tliiiT is wu:i r u itli n mmv ilcciili'il tili.1,'1' of liniwii. Till' yivy-iir.Tii watiT is ■,'i'iicijillv ind witli III till- iifi'/l'lhirlioDil ,,/ icr : tlic l.hu' wluTc till' wiitcr i^ five IVoin icr ; till' luiiwii, !is I'lir lis I'lofi'ssdr Niiiilciiski'iM's ,<}<«,■{■■ yatioiis ffsci|uciitlv fouinl t siiiillcr marine animals, and these in turn to a larger form , .'jlilinn' iilso to deposits lakiic,;- jilacc at \arioiis ih'pths." '■■' In Southern Sens the ■slime of tl eeaii" is eipialh aliiimlaiit. On the ftli Felunary, \>\J:i. in Int. yl.iU south, ion;,'. 71. •"ill east, Sir Wyville 'riiomsou foniiil this -slime" a little to the iim'th of the Heard l.shinds. The tow-net. uhiili was dra,i,'in;,' a few fathoms l.eluw the surface, came up II 'arlv tilled with a pile, yellow y.-latinous mass, which was foiin I to consist entirely of Diatoms ami of the same species as were i'ounil at the liottom. .Sir Wyville Thoiiison c.xprcssos surprise that the iliatoms on the siiifac.- 'li'l not ajipear to he in iar<.'i' nuinlicrs o\-er what he has leriiicrl the diatom oi/.e, as in some other localities, wlnre he found tlie:n near the surface and lieyoiiil or south of llie diatom ooze li'll : hut he explains their a[)paren( aliseiice li\- si.iiinj^.- th.it "t!i!, imiy perhajis he accoiinteil for hy our iml lia\iuLr struck their /)(■'/ iif tlc/llll with the tow-llet, or it is p,l^■,illle, iVc."* The "licit of depth' at wliich these miiiuie leit inliniti Iv niini 'lolls orj;,inisnis live, appears to \.^i'y with chancres in the pressure of the at iio.|ihere and the leiuperatnre. as well a.s with i'han'.;es in tic- ciirr.'iits. lint the iiuriiids of minute criistac'ans whicli fc'il oil the ' sliiue " rise .'lud tall with it- N.iw they iii-iy li" at I he -.iirfac'. in an Icni, ii fathom lu'low, a'nl in a ihiy the zom- of life mav lie ti\e fathoms lielow the 1 I'm. "I llli> I{o,v. .S.ie.. .Iiii..'. I.srr.. I'. 'J.T. • ■■ \\ii-:i ,'■ K.'i'iMiiiii'i' liltli. I^<7I. 111,' MiilfKv, jm,| \viiliit (lir iiiiniiti-.TiistiKvimsdiwl tlir liosts "f <'thvv 1,1,11 iuc ,iiiii„„k wliicli |„vy (.1, tl„N,.. HiMitr it is that llif ■InTiiiin-l.aii,' III,, ■■||,a,.k,.|,.l |,„it," tl„. ■' ,v.l," "vi'll.nv" "ii'l ■ I'liirk li,.,Tiiiy „„,„ ■• „f i|„, \,„-w,.-i,ui lisli,.n,'ii.i,, aiv f.mii.l al vail,il.lr,l,.|,|,|,s,f,.ll,,winutl.eii-r.„Ml,ai,.|lli,i,l,.a,li,i- iIk' Im' iiii,i,'imi| 11, iick, ■,■,.! t.xIKI'civMt z.iiics l,riow th.^ sm-iac.. nl' 111.. («M.„ii, ,ill ,,r wiiicj, i„ay Ik. cMapiis,.,! witliin a s,.,,iv of fatliiaas. TUrsr facts aiv tli,. k,-y ti. liiyst.Tiiv uliirli hav liilll.'ltd slinpilcl,.|| tlir MKivi'Mlc'iits i.i' th.'s,. lisji. IJiit lliis "slii,,,. ,,f 111.. ,,ci.,ii, ■• ajijii'Mis t.i livi. iii..st. al.mi.hiiitly in tli.. c.j.ji.st unl..i- ,m.l in i|,.. i,ri-l,l.,,i-li,M,.| "f i'v, II, „v limy it 1,,. I,i-,,iij;|,i ,,„ I,, ,1,,, i,,il,i„,|,,r in sii.'l, an iiiifaiJiim- stivaiii as iiLJiivi^tly t,, air,.nl an ,ii.ll,.ss siil.|.ly ..I' I'.M,.! t.i tlu- c.i.l ,,n til.. I,al,r».|.,r l„inks ' Tli.. answ.T (., this ,|ii,.sti.,i, |,.,„|m „t ,„„•,. I., „ liiii.f ,|,.s,Ti|,ii,,n ..t' til.. ■■ ii'K-ii|ii|.t; wli.is,. ■■ wan.liTii,L,'s" a,-,-,.r,|iiin- ,,, D,. U. r.n.wn, aiv in a mcasiin. f..ll,,w..l l.y ||i,. j.T..i,t • Ki'^^lit \Vlial,l..ai.. Wlial..." 'Mal.i-na Mystic'tiis/ wliich f,,.,Is mih.ii .l/.,//(.s,/, til.. J'/rrn/,,,,!,!. lui.l iiiiiii.T.)r.s ..tli.T small livii,.,' f.iniis n..iiiisli,..| l,y til.' DiatiMiis colDrin./ tli.. N.a-tli.in S.as in liUiT.. |iat|.|,..s. tli.aisaii.U ..f s^piaiv iiiiL's in ar.'a. Tli.-f .l/-v/,r.„.. .V,,, ,,iv t.Ti,„..| ■\vlial,.'s tool.' ninl \vli..iv tli.. '*'•" saiv „„,si al.iin.lant il„.|v alsi, aiv tli.' oth.'i niinnt.' civatinvs fcMliiij;- .m tli. ■in, an. I .iii tli.'s.. tl,.. luii;.. Rii;lit W'lial... 1)1'. I!r.>\vn, l,..r.,iv <|iie-ctalile l,e,it umler the ice .ind honey-eoiiih its under surliiic. The siiikinj; and risiiiir „f |i,|i at ditf'ereiit seasons ot l]\v year, .111(1 iluiiiiur changes in the weather, and at ditferent perio.ls. in search of lood, is a most (eitile and important siihje.t of en(|iiiiy. It appears to h.' .•liaracleristic of many tish, anil nntahly of the [lerring, and, at tvilain seasons, of the Cod and Mackerel among edible fishes. The terms, snrlace feeders, and gronnd feeders, are wholly inai)plicalile w' a a|)pli.'d to all seasons of the year. The Norwegian fislici ,i knows ili,,t the (;od has its zone or depth ill the sea at dilt'erent peri.als, and sets his n ts or his hailed hook aeeordingly. This is a subject about \vliicli we have much to leiirii in American waters 1. ••(In III,. .\,,|,„ nil,- Ilisc„l,,r,i|i.„i ,,r 111,, .\rcti.' Si'iLs," l.y lt..cl..i- li.li.Mi lli-..«.i, IM,.S, 'IniiiMhl, .ii.< ..r ilir |l,,iaiiiciil S,i,i,.| v "t l'..liii.. I.s.17. 11(1 TiiK UK hKirr nil. 'I'liis liii^ 1 II -.lalnl 111 lie mil' 111' i;iMl|ili--l ]ilirllil- iiii'im oil till' fiicv rif till' i,'l(ilir It is so viisi, >ii iiiiifiinii. ami sii iiiici'iisiiiir. Iliiit. willi till' i'\i'i'|itiiiii iif till' ( Iiilt'-sMi'iiiii rrmii it> iiiitiiitiiiii 111 its cIum', iiutjiiii^ uii I'lirtli ciiii i'oiii|iiiii' with it. ( 'ouiiiij; tViiiii till' S|iil/licrjr,.ii Snis. ainl liuu'u'i'i^t tl'i' ciuist ■ if Hiist ( lii'iiiliiiiil, till' I'liliir ii'i'-lmli'iH'il ciiiTi'iil cii'i'iis smitli- wi'sti'ily ])iist IctIihiiI, |iiiNl ( Jii'i'iiliiiiii, Mill! till' kiiiiwii Kiist t'llllst, toWllliU ('m|1I' KlIIVWl'll, Its mil' .if |llii;, iioitlmaiil aliiliiT thi' sontli-wcst roast of (iii'ili- laiid, until alionl latiliidi' (it dciiicrs north, and at tinu's cvi'ii as (ar 'ip as (17 dcirii'i's. .M'icrwaids tiiiniiif; wcstwaid, it iiiiilcs with the iiniciil coniint; Iroin HatHn's and IIikIsoh's Hays, riiii- iiin^' to till' siinthwaid on flic wc'Strni side of D.'ivis' Straits, aloiii; the co.is' of Lahra lor. Ill:i. It is ihiis ih vt ihi' sliiiK' vvhii'h av ■oiiipinir . the irc- hcigs and ice tlocs of the Arctic, aiTiiniiilatcs on the Hanks of Noithcrn Lalirador, and renders the existence possihle there ot all those forms of in nine life, — from the diatom lo the iiiiiiiilc enistacean, — from the minute crustacean to the prawn and crali, toifctliei wiih iiiolhiscoiis animal.s and staifisli in vast prolusion, — which contriluile lo the support of the i;reit schools oj cod which also (iiid their homes there. Speakiin; ot the Kiiue Island Hanks. Dr. Cirpenter states "■' that these hanks ahoiiiid with a ])articiilar kind of slartish, on whirh the cod feed l.irijclv, as is known hy an exaniinaliun of the contents ot their stom.ichs, Tlie slaiiish in their turn Iced u|)on the (ili)lii!;eiin(c which cover the North .\tlantic sea hot- loiu. as is known hv an examination of the contents of ///(■/;• stoiiiachs, and the ( ilohifjeriinr are said to snp]iort theiiiselves on the organic matter prosent in oceanic waters. •Villi' .\ I'lijli'i'ti.in i.f pHiJcis Mil tliK .\i'.-tii' (ii'.iu'iiiiili.v ami l'".lliiii)|..;;.v. ic- |irinli-il iiiiil ini'ni'iili'il til llii' ,\irtic Kxiii'ilili ai I'l IS?.''. Ii.v tin' rri'-iilcnt. C.iiiii'il iiiKl Ki'llnw- "f till' liiyiii (li'iiwru|ili,i'iil S .,-ii'ty. I. •• l-'iiiiln'r Kiii|iuiii'- ml ' nii'iinii' Clri'iilnliuii." IM" ll".v lii'.' S n'.. N... iv., I'STI. n. :)>'-i. HI DISTKIIil TKiN (.K |.'|s|| oV.A WITH TIIK ICK DlilKT lO.t ll will .l„t ,.srlip,. IM.tic.. timl tllrsu i hil't wl,i,.|, ""W"* ""' "-li " "li'l III'' iriyiia.ls ..f MMMiit.' cm.stiin.un.s iinM, also ,.„m- with ii ,.,„|(|sl, s,,„wii. Tl„. nrvoi-fmli.,.' stiynn, „l l„,-s ,„„| (|n,.s sMilii,;: ■«• -m.hllv ]mM Hi., iimmmtoms '•'"1 I'Hl.ks „„|,|„. (ir,.,.Ml«M,| n,nM. aii.l .•nmin;; witli s,.|,ii- '"■'"'"'' •'"'■'■I' •" ''"• -^ 'icMii si,!.. ,,f Davis Stniits nii.l tlicii '•"'"■ '-"I""'!,,:. ••MM sram.jy fail U,, ■„„,;„, inim,ii..ml.l(. nnl "\a lo^rKli,., with th,. on^jinal .lialoni soiin f tlw f,,,,,! nf voimK Hsh, ami ,.l' a,l,ilts, aff.T niiiKini.linnMs tniiisf,.n,m(i,,Ms. Tin- .lisn,v,.n,.s ,,f th,. lat,. I'mf-ss,,!- Sais an,| of l'i„- h'HMor (J. (). Sars, ..f ( 'hnstiani;,, Norway, Imv,. I,,.,.., known lo|. s,.v,.inl yrais, ami tlM.y vv..|v lonn^'ht. im,U;- th.' i.olic,. nf lhi. Kii;,'lisli n.a.linir I>iiMi(. in (Jiinth..i's Zoolo;,'i,.|il U,.,.,,i-,l for '■''"■'*■ ''"' iMhiy... a.s ol,s,.rv,.,| l,v Sais, was",nii,.,.,| to Irav,. III.. ..^'^'..n Ih.. Illth .lay. Th.. av,.raj;.. spr-.l of ih,. Ar.^tic '■iinvMt on th,. ....ast .,f l.ahra.h.r is stat,.,l t,, l,r n knot an li"Hi- ov.T thr inn.'r ran-,, of Manks, this .| |, if iminL.r- iii|it,.,l, wo.iM ..ans.. t|„. H..atinjr Hisl, spawn (.. .Irifl :!,S I. .u",>-Ta|ihi..al niil..s s.,tith-..ast..rly .hirini,' this |„.ri..,l ,,f its •i'.v,l,>|.in,.nl. Hill it w,.iil,l also l„. s,ilii..,.t,.| to Ih,. ii,ll,i,.,i,.,. "M,H-al <.|in,.nlsan,l win,|s, ji,.n..,. niiK.Ji of Mi,. ,,va w |,| l„. ■Iiiv,.ii in .liihivni ,lir,.,.ti„ns, 1,„| tli.. r..Miltini; ,lir....ti..n w,,iil,l always I,.. so,.tli-..as|..rly on th.. l,al,ra,lor for tli.. -....at mass of lli'.spawn, ami to .yivat.'r ..r l,.ss ,lisiMni.,.s from ij ri-inal spawnin^r niva acc..r.liiif; I,, th,. str,.„i,.tli Mn,l ,liiv,.ti ,f iJ,,. piwailiiijLr .•iiir,.iits an. I win, Is. <',..l ,iv« app,.ar I,, lii„| t-li.. ,„/,/,../ ,.„,■/;„.,. „.,//,.,■ limst suit- !iM.. for tli,.ir .l..v..|.,piii,.nt, for th,. spawn is .sh...l .Inriiii; th,. ••.>l,l,.st iii,inths ,,f th,. y..ar in th.,s,. wat,.rs wh..r.. i,... ,!,.," n,,t pivvail t,, ..nsiiiv 111,. r,.,piisit.. .iv.^,;.v of .-oMih.ss. On ||„. <...ast ,,f Nova S..olia in (»..toli,.r* On tl„. w,ll-kn,,wn ..al scho,.l is ,l,.t..riiiiii,.,l t,. a Kr..at,.r or l.'ss ,..xt,.iit l.y th.. • ■.il.l.'st ni..aii t..|iipi.ratiir,. of th,. siirfa.... wat,.r n.'ar its /„'//„7„/ ,>i- h,iiii,. as I,,!).,' as II,. w ic,. ,|o,.s not iiit,.rf,.r,.. Hv.rv •imp ,if siirfa..,. s,.a walj-r as it .■,,,)ls ,|,.sc,.|i,|s, an.l in th.. fail .if th.. y..ar Ih,. siirfa.... wat..r is th.. \variii..st, th.. ....I.l..st stnitiini l,..inLrat th,. l„,lt,.ni. This, as is w,.|| kn,.wn, is n..t 'I .I-'' "I'll l'i..sh wat,.r l.,.|,,w :i t,.iiip,.riitiir,. ,,f foriv ,1,.1,'r..,.^. 104. .'\c(.onh'n.i; l,i ih,. vi.-ws Ii.t,. pioscnti-.l. s.iiii,. .if tho ov:i siippli...! hy th,. ...xl ,s,.|i„„|s, whos.. /Klhil,,! is the Toiske Biiiik, ..ff .Siikk..|topp.-n, an.l hanks lyiiifr south of those rpl(>. hi;,t..,l .-..(l gioiiii.ls on the (.oast of (Jrc-nland, float wiiji th.- ico-ladeneil stream tonaid Ciimhcrlaml J^oiiikI an.l Frolilsher Day, and is hutched on its jourm-y, the yoiiiii,' (ish fry lin.lini,' a new home in mid ocean or .)m the w.stcin ..last of Davis Straits. Some of the ova from th.. s.lmols d-sirihed hv D.ivis on that coast, Hoat with the ice stream in the track Davis fol- lowed towards the Lahrador. and is hatched, it may h.., iH.,ir Cape {'hudleijrh. Some of the ova from the CapeChiidleigh s< hools— ami these are numerous— float with tlie icebeif? stream • H..V, T. .\nil,rHs,.-.. S,am. „liHerviili,ai» e(|nent •.peciKe ({riivity lessened apprecialilv liv the inehini; nC the In ii;s on tlie inner iaiii;e (vt' llaiik^. lOi. It his lieeii ~liown liv S.irs (1|: t ( 'ml ova lloal in >e,i w.iler, hnl sink in I'lcsii water, and the siulace lilm in the iniinediate \iiiiiity of !ari{e masses of nieitinn ice would donlitless posM!>iS less salinity and upecilic (gravity thin ihit ot iiiiilllnled sea water. Hilt on the Laliiador there is a zone liet.veen the inner raiiije of hanks and the main shore from twentv-tive to thirty miles in hreadtli. in which all the conditions iiiiy he -aid to prevail loi- tiie (loiitini; of the ova and it- liatchini; diiiini; the -lunt sum- mer. " I I'lie relations of the I.ahrador curriiit to the distrihntion of ova, and cold water li-h do not stop lieie What is line of the ("ml is true also of all ti-li whose cva lloat and are hatched af the Miiliice of the sea Hence, all tish found on the coast of (ireenland. such as the Cod and Ilaliliiit, or the ( iadidie and the rienroneciidii', will l>e siiliject to the -anie law, and their ilis- trihiilion will he from north west to south-east, or rather, in the direction of the Arciii' current Klii. Siil.iiiariiM' hank- and -i-a l.nlloin- -inin- di-taiiec fioiii thr c.ia-t line allict iiiiuiiir lifi- to a ile;.'!'!'!' fur Or\ol|i| what olw Wnnld 111' lid I" cNprcl flcilll a -II- piiliciHl i-xainiiialioii ..f []„■ ■.iilijii-l. I llu-tialicni- have lieeli t;iveii of (l,,- iiilliimier of hank- iiml -hoiils in lniiiL;-- in;j cold wiitir iieaivr In the siirl'iier mid cieiitiiie- hy this mentis M siiitalile feeding; y;riiiiiid for the cohl water lishes. Practically, -ucli Hanks as ( iemir.'-' Shoal. .li'H'ivy- Hank. iVi'.. looiv or les- celelirated cn.| and lialilait L;imind- aie -nitahle llleiis. in point of liiaiilie cliliiute. to these lisli. win iv thi-\ (illd the food wiiich -ilit- them hest lllld 11 teinpeiatille adapted 1.1 (heir iiatniv and hiil.it-. The iv-i-taii. ■ tlie-e Imiik- oiler to ill.' -.iiilheily Ihiw ..f the l.ahr.i.l.a- iiinl.T ciirivnt . I.iiiies tile c.iM v\at.i ii.'ai t.i III.' -iirfac.'. ( 'ii.l.'r I lu'-.' coiohiii.-.l iii- Ihii'iiccs iiiiiny siil.-iiictic t'oriiis, which are the foo.l .if tin- c.mI. thrive there, .veil far s.iiith of tli.- area wli.iv tin y aiv h.'-t .l.-\.'lope.l. an. I lli.'M' hanks l.-ar tie- sain.' ivlati..ii I., ill.' -nr- I'.inndiiii; -.si ar.'ii. \v illi i.'-ar.l ... .■.•il.'iiii f..iiii- of niariii.' lit'.', as does tlie oiisi- ill ill.' .l.-ei'( ,o vni'i.ai- -|i.'('i.- of Ian. I ani- mals. Hilt ih.' area .if these Iviinks .ill' tin' I ■iiilcd .Slat.'- i- \.i\ liniil.'.l, and reduces th.' sniiiniei tisliiii^' e'loiiiids, us th.' ti'iiip.'raliir.' rises, l.i, praeticilly . an in-ieiiilieaiil ll.l.l. 'I'll.' c.iii-lal wal.r- may 1..' ri.-li L.'y.ni.l .'Spi-.'—hni in th.' \ari.'.l forms of niariii.' lif.', I.nt if th.'-.' hnnis ai.' iml -nil.'. I to the Imliit.s of til.' c.i.l, or piesi'iit^'.l t.i this lish in a teliiperatlire fnvolliulile to its .levelopniellt. when .l.'clili.' ill I s,.i- \ ,|.- .Ill N.ii'llii'ni Ijil. I'll. 1.11 !''i-liiiin ^ |ii;i-| lie |n|Mi| imil ilcci- 'l''il- I'l xisliiic- ciC till' nil! nil Ijii' nIkiivs iif Ni'W Kll)flllMil. ill ;.'ii'Ut aliiiiiiiiiiin' I'oiiiii'ilv, wlnii tln' n.iiiitrv was iinsctt|.i|, in clIHilv llll.ll'l-tiMlcl. fur till' -rl In linil tllr rjci'll WIltiM of St. dcol^c'^ iilllt' III IvtilV to ijlllilll,' (111- s Ill, I' IIHIIllllN. mill llii'iv iiiv vi'iy |pri)liiilp|\ liiiiiH'iiJiis Mrlioiils llirif vi'f. nt WrII lis ill lllllliy |illlls 111' lllr (Hlir i.f St, I.IIWIVIliT, nil ijlr i'iImv ,,|' till' sixty riltliiilii Mill' iif Millliilili;;^. wliirli Imr lii'ViT I II irniiliixlii'il li\ till' liiiMil 111' iiiiiM. Iiiit il" llii'V nil' iiiui iMiliJi' tiny IIIV |)i'iii'licully III' iin viiliii', ( 'iiiisiil.'iin;; tlir iiiiiiiiii 1 ill wliicli nid -.jiiiwii, if is Hut liki'ly that tin' i.vii t'liiiii s|.|i,h,1, in iSt. (IfDi'j^c's Unit' wiiiiM iliili tiiwanls llir slmir Mini a-sisl in iv|ii'ii|i!ili;,' ili'siiti'il wiiti'is. Ilii'y wiiiijil III' rni'iii'il willi llii' riiiTi'iit am! ill till' ijii'i'i'tii.ii iif till' |iii'vailiiiy wimls, wiiii'li iii'i' wcsti'ily III- nil' ^liniv, ,\> (ny as till' n.ij ami llir lii'i'i'iiii,' iiri' rclati'ij tu tlir iji'i'psi'a tisliii i,'N. ainl lliry aii' ivally tlii'ir lliailistjiy, till' mill walrr iiri'ii siiliti'inliiiL,' llir nuists nf tlir I'liiti'il Slati's iiiiiy I'aiily I niisiili'ii'ii iis ijiiiti' iiisiitliiiiiit 111 sii|i|iiii't till' nilitilllli'il ill'; ill til wliii'll it is sliliji'cti'il. APl'ENDI.X CIIAI'TKR V '• " l.<'t Us iiiiw iliicii imr allciiiiiiii in tin. pnl n- (iiririits, and I'spi.'ciaiiv to that iiiic wliiili licmi Spii/lici'ffcii |)i(,i'i'i'(ls tu tlip sDUtli-wi'sf, aloiii; till' (i)ast iil' (iiiiMilaiiil, as fai' as ('a]io Karcwcll It will lie pciccivrd that this ciu'reiit has refcivcd an im|)ii|s(! Iiiiiii iho lime (if Kitatioii, and rises ahoiif (iiir toot, towards tiio east coast of (M'cciilaiid, an ell'crt wliii-h howover ceases as soon a^ it has passed the soutiiein jioinf of that eoiintiy. As soon as the resistance which coinpellcd the ciirnnt to toilo'w the line of the coast in proceediiif? to the soiilh-west disajipeais, It can no lon^'er continue in the same course, hut takes a wes- terly course towards Lahrador, partly in consecinence of the r.italion of the earth, partly heeaiise the level of the ciinent is then hii,dier tiian that of the waters of Davis' Straits. After haviiia; advanced a little into the Strait the polar current eii- coii, Iters the currents coming' from the north hy Hallin's Hay, and joins them in their jirnitrrss to the snulh-easl aloni,' tiie coast of j.ahrador, towards « hicii it slopes in virtue of the ro- tation of the earth. Dill ini; this passai,'e, and nntil its arrival in the neifjlihourhood of N'ewl'oiindjand, this current is stemined liy llie lorce of rol.ilion, and oui,'ht, coiisenuently, to present a shipe all alon,i; Davis' Strait and the east coast of .Ncwfoii :dl,ind as far as the (iulf Striani. Duriiis; its course snuthward aloiiL; this course, the ])olur current iseh'vated towards the l.ind hv the earth's rotation, lint as soon as it has passed Cape Hace, this resistance suddenly disappears, and the same phenomena is ri;- produced as at Cape Farewell. 'J'lie current hends suddenly to south-west, ami follows the coast as far as Florida, while' its hreadth and the volume of the water conliuuc lo diiniiiish " "-i 1. ('iildiiin "Oil the Ijiws ..r ( iin''nls in si'ii," ,Nai 1 hi-:, Dei'. lN7l. ■ilniiir.v I'liii'liiit- tiii'l ill Ihi' 115 "IIAI'TKH VI. Hait ANt) liArr Kimikm. '■"I"'''""' ' """. I"?: Til" IV-I„I, llHIlk n,.,.., Til.. M.MIMlnMM.Mll of H'i»li. tirmn.ii.l Dry, IdS; Il„it f,,,. i|,„ |.v„i„.|i fl.Tt. lull; |„,,„„la ,.r ''""""I"' -^ '•''•""'•' t, llOlTliM WinlniiiM Hf lI'MiiuK ill irlnll,.!! 1., """• "I • f^ I.v '" 111" Amcilr,,,, n,.,.t, IlL'; I,.., ,,f III., Il,.|rinn a. i,n AiliclMof Tm.l,., li;)| Kir.rt ..ii Itiilish Ain.Mi.nn ri-li..n,.H. |I4; KIT.', t ..I' an Al.iiiiiliint Sii|,|,l.v „l Itait ..n ih,. c ...nial MaiimN 11.^; C.ii^inirli.in ..I I." llniH.'s. lilt; UvliiKan.l D.'a.l Hail. Tli.. Sh.-jl ri,|i „f I'nii,.,! Sial,-* '""I "'■'"'•li -^ "'■"" »at..|-, (• |,ai-,.,|, 117; |i,,„| |)„,| ,„ |.;,ir,,|„., Hn; In ''■'•li'M'l. Il'.l: Inlrisl, Wal.Ts, I'.M; In Ani...inin Wal.i ., I'.'l ; Halt ..,, ||,„ .N..wf...iii.llaM.| r.iHMs IL".- J Th.. Wli,.|k, I'JM, Taking nf S|,a«„iii« C,,.! «i|l, Hail III K,n-,|„.„„ s,.„». |;M; Th.. Mkiiimn.. „- H;iil, r.'.-.; Tli.. Ciniv „. |l„it I'-'ti, Tll,.C,l,.,|i„l„.,(l,|„i„-„|th,.c,.|,|i|,, |o;. (•„|,|i„S|„lH.nillK'. IW; \VilH..l' " " "f "I" <'''l'l'ii. VJ'.I; Vnriall.h* in iji,. Ai.i».aiaiici. ,.f Capliii nn.l K|iil.l.MillicC.„i»l». i;i(); K.„..l„f tl„.c„.|. |;)ii li„|,nrlaii,.,. „f (•,,i..lan.nnH "■' " *""■'•" "f "•" '. '•''■-; "lli.T K..miH uf K„„.|, i;ill; .S.aiil >^ „f ih,. ('.Kliii AniLriraii WalLiH, i;i4i Ih.. (i j.,.\ (■,„! .Sji.al., |;U; Dann..^ ai..| ''""■''"' '■'< I llii'liiiii{ us an inrlnstry. It appears almost incivdilil,. to tlmsc wlioso alien- tion has not lu'en (liawn to the siihji.ct, that tht; tisheinicii on th(. Atlantic const of Nova Sfotia siiould be conipdlcl ilMiin- some seaaons, to go to the Magdalen Islands, in the (inll ,.t' St" Lawrence, to get bait, none being at the lime attainable on iheir own shores ; .slili more, that the people of the MagM'iiililiii,i.';it Si. I'imv, mid Mii|iirlo'i. in IsTl- I'l l>'7li. I'^lli inclii>i\i'. innilc llif fdllciwiii'; ciitflu'S as stiitfd ill tlir Otiii-iiil K\|i(irtati(ilis nf the Cdloiiy for tlid.f Vfiii-s. I' ' 'I'liis ildrs iidt I'viiiiiirclu'iiil tlu'ir Ncwrnuiiil- liiiid sci-calli'd ■■ Fniicli Slinri'" calcli : Y,.,r 1^74 kil..uiMimii.'. l/illlllilN. Moriii- Scflic drv end! ."),7ll7.flH' ll.'),:t:>L' Mnnir Vnl,. uivi'n-'"'! . . I l"--'N>'''^ 1>-.>(;.(I(H) ChI Liver Oil Toils 1+0 (',,,1 U,„.s Hanvls ilOO I,-.;;. liili»(cniiinin"«. Moriic SitIic iiiiy fodi 4,:{.'i.,Uil .M..nir V rtr l^riVOIl fodi 1 (),:{().■), I «+ Cod l.ivii- Oil Tons. . . Cod K.us HaiTcls, 1h7(;. KilniinuiMiirs. M.inir S,','i.' dry end: 2..")i;-2.(;()7 Moriic- \',Tti" i-ri'i'Ui ll,271.M">fi Cod Livrr Oil Tolls. . C,.,l Kui's Hanvls. ,s(l,(i2:l ' '■' 1n7,:W+ ... 101 (^ulritiiN. :. 1 .iyi 2().'),(i()(» . . l.'Sl . .in7i 'I'lii' wiiolr of till' Monic ViTtc or (iivi'ii Cod is x'lit diii'i-t to h'tiiiiccaiid inadr, oiiiiaiuifacturcd.oisold tlii'iv. 'I"lu' Drird Cud t,'(ics cliii'Hy to tlir Colonics. Ill ISdi and I Sli4 till' fnllowinir tallies represent the eateli a> ileleniiilied 1 ly exports : ,^s, i~;i. ,:i.i Dried Cnd, . . |i).:ii7.:;N:i KHolt. !i.Nf'.i.,s7l Kiloe-. ( liven Cod , . . l.im+.:iS() Niindier. +.i;il4.(l(i:! Niiiiilier. Cod I.iverOil.. ."i7i>,->!MI Kiloo^. 4ii+.:;.'.:! KiloL.'. Cod h'oes -J.'i.'.Oi do. +u,:!77 do. Diiriii'.'tlie y«'ar lMi+ there were e\port.'d from Newt'oiiiid- hiiid to St. Pierre not less than 70.0IIO lianvls (,r lleirini.'s ami Jil.ODO li(nr>li,-ads of Capliii fM) Ihs. of ^'iveii tish :;,. .■.|iial to I 12 lliv of dried li-li. Ileiiee. when ivdiieed ti a Uniform standard of dry tish, and acccptinii tiie rate of •> ew t. and -.'S His., or 2.'>:2 Ihs. Kiviich cured Ljiven tish, as ci|iial to one (|iiiiit;il dried tisii. the actual Kiviicli ciilch oil St. Pierre and Mii|Ueloii in I n7 I. '7'i am! TH wa- a- follow. ■ V...., I.S7C IH7.".. . IH7li.. i^uinliils lliii'ilCoil. . :JI.".,7'.iil . . . Ii;ii..s(i7 . 1 i--i:M\:\ The dilfeiviii-e in the iiiode of luea-u rill-' -rceii and dry tish in llieir relation one to tlie other, varies to a '^'ivat extent ill diireiviit localities. The foll lliirlini.i-. Nrwlniiii.lldinl) sdutli ccist. " ' mu' i|\iiiiliil (hied Msli. I 12 ll,s, <»iw tViPiii I lie knitV, -.i-'i I1.S. < iiir i|uintiil s])lit and lyiii^,' in snlf, 'iSO His. One liiurcl jiicklcd Hsli < f nuy kinil, HH) lt)s. to tlu' (|uinliil. One liainl of lu'irimr I'lvsli froni tlif ml is I'liuiil to :!:; t;alli)ns of fisli, Af Cliiinnci ^N'.'wfnini(ll;inil in l.s.")7, tlir rule fur fivsli ti>li w;is tlifii tliiit :!(),s ||,>. of fiv.sli lis], ffom tlir Unifr niiikc one i|Mintal when clrv. '- ' I'l'ilry states tlic (|inntal to h,- 1 12 llis. of di v tisli. Wlicn Hrst oan}j;lit, 1 1-2 -mall fisli an. I .-.O lai.;r si/..' arr ivckoiird to tUr (piintal, 'tiulf of St. Lawivncv, ]s:,-2.> 2.'i2 ll.s. ynrn li-li ii. ill.' l!a\- of ( 'lialciir, .-.altcil ainl drained, aiv oivrii to a riirrr '" o ' "" I i2 His of nil Tcliantaliii' (i.>li. <'n till' y,:>yii Si-otian coast tiir rnlr is as I'ollows: — •27'> His. lai-j;-c ji-ivcn lisli makr om- .|uintal. :!()() •• of nii'diiMii --izi'd lisli ■ •Mr, " of siiiiin ii>li IIKIlill.M; IIAIT KISIIKIIY. 'Ill" Wintir and S|iiiny: llecvinj: [•"islicry on tlic south mast of Nrwfiiiiiidland lia^ ion^' linii viL;iii(iii.-.ly |iiiisrciit,'d for the pnrposr of suiiplyini,' tlii' Fri'iicli andl'iiitcd States l''isliei-nien with iiait. and from recent arran.n-enients inaile to store the tish in i,-,. it is rapidly incrcasin,tt. That it is a sni- cidal industry as now jiinsued, ihcie can he Init Httle donlit lint the fiioinnstaiKTs nndti' which it is |iro>rciited are peculiar and furnish some niiti^atine; offsets to its eniiie eondemnatimi. These will lie noticed elsewhere. Thi' followin;,' tjdilc -i\en hy Mr. ihiyward v.Ioiiriial of Council, IMUI,; shows the ]irolialile i|nantity of llerrini,'s and Caplin e.\]iortcd from each District in lsii+ fm- Iiait for the French : l);ir. lliTliil-. Illi.l-. Cniiliii. histrici of Si. Marv's Little I'laeentia. . ." I'laceiiiia I.a .Manihe Hurin St. Lawrence Lamaline Fortune, (hand l!:iiik and ni'i^ldior- iu',' idaces Knelisli llarlior Pass Island Push Through Ihll-^eo Iianieaii Islands "rohalileiinantity thrnwn o\ rrlmard I'roli. (plan, export, to. St. I'eier s. I.HMI •"i.dOU 2' II I l,o:!0 t.noii 12.000 ti2.ll() .•!i;,;i70 10.0111) 10.01 III I,.'i00 1.000 2.000 I ()(),()()() :K),ooii 70.000 ■JO.OOO 10.001) 10.000 I he Mieat variations in price received. ai-e draw lacks to Irade. and lead to vei'v pivjudieial system. .\ franc, or twenty (■cuts a liarrel, when the siijiply is aliiindant ; thirty francs, or livi' dollai-s n harrel, duiint; portions of the season when the sii|)]ily is scarce, j'jiormous waste resnlts from such an ir- re;,'nlar market, which the i.instrnction of icehouses will, in a measure h'ssen. 1. I''islier,v Uc|ieil, IS71, (.Ni'Wluiin.ll-iiiil,) ■J. Aiip. .I.iuninl of .\.iM.|iiM.v. .\i'« f.iiii.lluii.l. Is,-,;, |,n^|. ;«;; 118 Till' \iihiiitinn nt' tlif Kn'iicli ciitcli nn tli>' (iiiiml l>niiks for till' ycai' l.S(!4 wiis as Fullows: - i)ii.'.l Cod +,727,'.>+l Francs. niil For lu'iriiiy: liait in liS(i4 vai'ii'il, as alii'iiily sUitccl. From one Franc to thirty Friitics a Imrrcl. i'littin;; tlic avcrajfc at 10 Francs ii liarrrl, tln' \alur oF (lie licrriiij;' l>ait wonlii !«■ TOO.OOO Fv ni-. Tin' value oF 4(),()0() lii)!,'sliia(ls oF caiicliii, at 10 Francs a )u:;;s1ii'hi1, woiilil r.nioiiiit to 400,000 Francs. Tliis j;ivcs, For the loi.u Cvi't oF hnit, 1,1()0,()()0 Francs, lint tlic value oF the catfh was (i.2S0,04I Francs, lu nee the co.st oF the hait an'ounted to alxmt one-si.vth oF the vahie oF the catch. 'I'his. liowever. is a low estimate, For durini; the same winter -Hi I'nited States vessi'ls took ■24,il(),S liarivls Fro/.eii lierrini,'s From Kortune Hay. and the aveiaee price they oli- taineay. ' ' ' Herrine; •">7.l-'iO harrels. Capelin. (iO.OOOhoi.'sheads. S(|ui.l .SO.OOO 110. KIsewhere is shown fClcipter III. I'a;,'e .Ml the imporlaiiee oF tic Neui'mnidiand. New lliiuiswick and Nova Scotia winter Heirine- hait trade to the I'nited Stales tisher- meii For the ])rosecntion oF their ( 'od tisln^rii's on (ieor;^e's and Le Have Hanks and on the Nova Scotian coast. Their snm- mer lishei\' cm the (!ran I Hank is also almost exclusively de- pendant iipnn hait piocured fresh in NewFonndlaiid. or stori'd in ice For their use. Hiit the ri'al importance oF these Facil- •ies For jirociiriiiL.' licit oidy -tan I out in their true relief when ompared with what would hi' the enndition of aliiiirs if the lishermeii oF the I'nited States did not enjoy these LiTcat privili'i^'i'v It has 1 n already stated that what is ■■ hait " durin;; one portion oF the year is almost worthless durine- another por- tion, 1 ause it is "out of season. The llerriui.' a|ipear to he always in sea.son more or less, except, perhaps, durine' the " school ine " I )F the ca|)eliii, that is duriiii,' that hrief pi'riod when that li^h a]iproaches the shori' to spinvn. Hut the cape- lin i^ not f.iuud siiuih of ( 'ape Hretnii. and iu the more sonth- ei'Iy water> tln' herriie^ is always acceptali!e to the I'od. To snpi)ly the |]lace of the heiriiif/-, a iar^fc hait indusliy exists in till' I'luted Stati's, which has For its ohject the proeurin;,' oF clams and menhaden For hait. the la,st named heiue chiefly used foi' mackerel lishiry, tln' first named for cod auil halihnt. When henine and mackerel cannot he jn-ocnred for hait, I. Uf|iMi't "f .liiiii.'. s. lliiy«iiril. LiiiiiliM},' ,Siii'vi'.Viii', .'si. .1 ilin's, iif a vi»it o 1 llie Itin'i'iiiii' Si'rvii'c |.i tln' ivc-ti'in pertieii ..t Ni'«f"iiiiuliiihl, willi Miri- .1 IK stutislii'dl mill "tlii'r infeniiuti'in in n'Inlinii tn tlie Irmln iiml lUlu-riiw of llii'KH hiciilitii'x. SI, .liilin's, IKPi,'). A|)|i>'>iilix .liiiiriiiii of tin' I'minril, IHiil'. 'J, l!i'|i"i't nf .l.iliii Ciiuiiiiiu. IS.'il). .\|)|x'ii ,.ii.-iili'mli|y, ll.sliin^' eiiii.JwiiU'iilly feU iilV. il.) Hi'jioil III till- (MiviTriitK'iil HfliiHiiiiT. •' hi C.ina.lit'iiiii.." 1870. (liispr mill Hiiiiiifeiitiirf.- • .\\X\\:>n\i\\ wipcliii ami .■'i| liil laili'il lUirill),' llii' IKIiiii;,' wii.aiin, lierriiif; ami iiiarlicri'l, in tin- slinjie ef liait, wi'ic iiKntifnl iMiiin;,'li 1.1 1'licuii" iliH lii-lit'i'iiii-n a si'ainn's ri'liirn luryiT lliiin any ilnrinu tlu' jiait ti'ii yeaii. IS";j. LitliKtilnf VirUiiiii. ~ M .\ala.-In|ii)in, Saiiii I'-iint, .Sainl .l.'lin"> Kiv.r, Slaniiie, Tiiiiii'li'i- Uivrv, ami Sliililmkc. Ilm li-hini; was mil, h.i\\evur, su KiiimI. .Siill. it cunnni In- saiil tlai ccil wa.i Ifss aljumhirl. Imt lail laileil. IH7I. (I'lispe. -Duit, which hail bwn aluinilaiil at I'itcc until .\ni,'m*t, iin- fiirtiiiritcly failt'il all at oni-i'. ami, with tlif want nl luiit, lUii (lisapiienri'ii. Halt, which is I if |ii'iiniiiyini|iiiitancpin llii,'*liiiliinn, ami the greater uri'iiiallcr. ahiiiidulici' iif which ilclciiniiics it.« cuci'csa, coiii|iiiw..^ iii.iilly all the tl.'ih ."iiiallcr than cml. Mivly in the «itriii^ herring; avc tiso(l,amt iluriiiK the iinnilh III' ,luni'. ca|ii'lin ; later in llic scasun, fall hcninj; ami -'ini'l are the hcHl hails. Smelts arc a U' I sninctimcs cniiilnycil ; ami when Uicsc fail, rc- ciiiiri-c is hail In <'lains. l.iiliiiiiUii: -Bait anil ciiil lailcil un the western part of Ihi- ilivisi.ni, hut liiilh were aliiimlant .iii the const iif hahiaiUir, sn iiinch sn iliai it is inosumcil I'liil hail t'i'i niiich III feci! iip,in, ami that this was tlui rcasnn wliy the lisli liiil mil hiie. IS7.">. On the c a^ts iif Newfiiiin'llaml iml Uihraihir, as well as en tlin.si! iif .\nticiisii, wlierii the ice reiiiaiiicil iinlil the imnith nf June, 1 ail ke|it in ilecp wati'r in eiiii.scijiiciice nf its hcin^; wanner than at the siirtace, ami ap- pearcl i-nly in Aiacnst, aluiit; with the chI. when the water ^rcw wanner. .iiitit-mti lnhrnil, ('e prevailed which destroyed liiii! 11 siieli ipiaiitities that vessels and steaiiielN would iin'e' wii.i lianks of them in a dead state."*-' The liait here al- liideii hi is the cajielin and laiinee. 111. It has only within the last tea years heen asecitaincd that the Herrini; lie under the land during the winter, prohably from Cape S;il)le nil the way to the extremity of ('ape Hrctoti. They can be ohtaiiied in waters of certain depth along luiieli of the eoist if lookeil for. .\lready, .it many puiiits, ad- vaiila^'c is taken of this haliit ol llie Heriiiii;, ,iiid hail is pro- cured liir the sjiriiin fishery. On the coast of Maine and up the Hay of Fiiiidy, as tar as Point I.epreau, Herring Hslieiy is carried on during the winter inontiis by means of gill nets. The nets are sunk to the bottom 1. Thi^ nrticlu lins heen tmii^lnted hiiiI re|irint»tl ia the lout Itcport of tho I'. S. CiimiiiissiiiiiiM' iif Kisli uiiil {'"islnirics, l.ir 1S74-7.'). L'. Ki'piirtiif .\. Ijiv.iti. K>i|., ll.iniini .!! risli.'ry nlllccr, IS7.'i. ' Sli..als nf ilcjiil ciiplin nr hiiince wi-re nu'i willi hy \.'s>.'l- -ailiiiy ..ii the ciisl." !;.'(' in water vaivins^ Irom tilloni to tliiity laflioms. It is stalcil tliat -ioiue m1i()o1» remain in shallow water nn the coast of Maine thi()iit,'h()iil the suniincr, Ixit it is reinarkalilc that il'liiis Iw the case ti) any cimsiderahle extent, that the Cud are not t'onnd there in siieli aliiindance as to tfivc rise to a prodiulive lisherv. In- deed, when it is known that the Herring aetiiallv winters niider the land Iroin Kastporf in Maine to the east coast ot Newt'onndland. in rornparativelv shallow water, it appears curious that the ('od should not more generally he I'ouiid on the outskirts of thi> schools. Teniperaturp, leading other lornis of life, and among I hem young Herrings, into deeper water, which form, as already stated elsewhere (page 4!M part of the winter food of Cod, is prohahlv the tr.ie explanation of this -ipaiiilion. The spawning season clevelops an odoiu', whiih is doulillessthe attraction to the (axl. and serves as a scent, carried lar and wide hy currents, which indicates the w hereuhouts of the Herring schools. As far as the writer has oliscrved, tlie niove- menls ol the Cod at certain seasons, are geneially against the current, esi)ecially during the cuplin season in Newfounilland. The current carries the odfHU' of the halt, and the Co ol l.irge ti~liiiig eslalilishments one-half. I he Norwe- giait barrels containing Coil roes contain aboir l.SII ll',>. :f roe. and the annual export anioijnt« to V,()00,00l> lbs., vaiufd at .i.tlUD.OOO liiiics Ii:!. If the Herring aiv -o abundant mi the Coasts ul Maine thr. lutibout tic y •■ar as hiis ivcently ln-en alleged, why it tuny 111- iisked. do nut the I'niii'il States ti^-lienin'ii prcieiiie Hi'ifing btiit fruin their own shores. The iiiiswer appinrs to b' tbnt it pays better i i dispose of tile Herring thus eniight a> fond, or in -oir..- iitbrr way. latbrr tlian iisf them as bait fur the eaptiiiv of aiiothir kind of rmid. 'I'lic InUTinL' caught .111 the ciiast of the I'liiled Stati s aiv loo \abiable In be il^ed a- bait in eiinsii|Ui'iier of the ready iiiarkri wliieli r.xists for 1;>'1 tlh' t'lvsli (ir fiozcii lisli ill till' inbiml iPiMiutlieni citii"-, oi t'loiii tl'c nil mill niiaiiii |)iiiilii(Ti| t'lDiii tliis Hsli." ' Hilt tlii- Nc\vfi)iiiiill!iii(| lii'irin;,'. clicniily ulitiiiiH'il, Imvc siistniiiiMl Hi<'(! i^i's Wiiilci ('ml KisliiiN , 1111(1 tliis will iv- cc'ivr II new iiiiprtus tV.iiii till' iMiw kimwii I'licility witli wliicli lii'ii-iii;,' cnii 111' |)i-ipciirci| in Nnxn Scntir. TIm' ilijii'iiiliin f tlic (iciii|ri.'s Wiiiti r Fislu r\ nil luiiiii;; is tlius ilisciilinl in tllr " KislllTii'S of (lliiuccsti'i-, " I.S7(i. ■ iicsidi'S till' tisliiiy fill- liiililiiit, (!inli,'i''s Funk lllis iilsn I'ontiil.iiti'il in iiiiutlii r wiiy iiii.l \<< .1 luiicli ^rrnitcr i-xtciit. tn till' riTiiil )pi(is|ii'rity nf (iloiicistiT. Tlii' ^'iriit (iliiiniliilici' in wliii'li ('(111 is siiinctiiiii's fdiind rccnlls tn mind tlic " |n stcriin.'" nf (idSllllld's sllip with tllclll Mtt'('il|)c ( 'nd. mill lllc " sIIMIil;.' lisli-Jiniid." wliiTr (')i|iL Smith fiiill|(l them sn )ilclltA-, llcfll' MnnliiMrmi. 'I'liis iilnindiincc. imi.I the iiitrniliictinii of fifsli liiTrin;^' tVdiii Xcwfniindliitid tn he iisi'd fnr Iriiit, indnci'il niir lisliiiiiu'n to I'liirnjfc nctivcly in 11 winter fishery mi that lijiiik. Till' success (if tile tri|i dejieiids miiinlv upnii wind and wcn- tlior. Snmetillles the wlmle lleet Vetllin to pnit with .lie loss nf fiihles and iiiiclinis and with nther (lMninj,'e mid without tish tn cnliipensiite. ( )ften hitter IlK'k attends tlieiii. Mild ncca- sinnally a few favnialile tiips in siioci ssinn yield a ^fiueiniis hut still liMi'lly ;ide(|iiate reward fnr the risk, lahor and siill'ei-- 'lij; of the emiilnymeiit."- ■■ The Fisheiies of ( !l(Hicester,' I is7(i. It is thus that the heniiijf tisliei-y heuomes a iinweifiil in- I. Ilr.iiiii.v(i iSenAl"-lis .MAMFAirniK ami I M;, ■• .11(111}; till- li ys iiikI (■..vi'.« I I the cMiriuc .•d-tciii imii.»i "I -Miiiiic ill .l(iiic«|p(irl, Ciiilcr, Mii('l'ins|h(|'|. IVviy, IVin!>i'>>l.(', and .■llicr i.wii.h me luiin- cnnit till ill wiiika r.ir the iiuiiiuftictiirc of oil fi tile licniiiu The si-ni|i or vi'liisc t'edii lIic,-«(« \V(»rks i> used a> a I'ertiliZiT. lilt tr.iiii tile sniiill aiii< mil t(i he .jlituiiicd at .iiiy < lie iidiiil. it is 11. .t »lii|.|iiMl [.• any I'Xtciil. At Trcal'^ l^!all(^ Ka-tii rl lliiili iir. Mc^sis, TrLiii, StH|(|cs \- I'o. aic, lii.«i-»ci-, (|iiil.' laiwly cii^iMiiiMl in !'•(• Iicrriiit; tiiiii"'s f.^r tHciity-llvc or lliirty ydiis. and in llnit time liavo Icarm-d I 1 lake advanlanc of all llndnati iih ;ind iiinkc the iiiei'l • I' it* lips and (lowiia. When oil is dnll, tin- lu'rriii}; arc ,-iiiokf(l and |iii'| aiiM: for till' market as food; and when liieir aliiindaiui' Inriiks down tin? iiiarkid, oil ficncnilly "hoi's iipi" and in order to nd the advantage rcsnltint,' fro.i. hotli lliese extremes, llie linsiiies^ is elmntxed to suit tile limes, "r liotli Iminelies 'ire followed to some evteni at llie same lime. The -craii. wliiidi is |ir"dn('e(l ul the dill'ercnt oil w.irks ahonl Kaslimrt ami l.nhee. is inirelmsed I'liielly hy ferlilizcr e.imiianies out of the Islale. considemlrle (|iiaiitities lieiiif,' In iiyht liy the I'acilie (iiunei ('..iiiiwiny. Wncd's II. .le. Mass,, and llie llradiey reitil- izer CoiniMiiy. That which is taken in Imlk as it comes fr. n 'he pic'-s iin- ally hriiiiis SI2 i»'i' tin. and when dried more, and if |>ai ■(! ill larrels, lirink's a still higher iirice, .Messrs, Treat, ."^tuples ,V; «'■•. maniiiacino' a llsli iinano which has heen sent ahroad s.iiiie, and als 1 used hy oiir iiilniid laiin- ci's to some extent, tliiii has ijiveni; lod «atisfai'lion. The ,si raii is tlr ronnhly dried on elevated Hieks until neiiily ail llic wiilcr is e.vpellcd. It i- not al- lowed lo remain ont ni>;lit" while hciin; . hied, »(»■ is it e.vp.wed ti fo(;s or dews; so that it ciinlains not m.irc than L'li |i.'r cent, of water, and will sli.iw \'2 percent of ammonia on analysis. This is mdiiiid and jiacked in hiiriel-' and tlndsn ready sale. .Mr, Tieal. ihe senior iiiemi cr of the lirni, -ays ilixi when first piittini,' their ll-li yuan 1 npon the markat he seiil si:iiiples i.i | al- lies nt \V fs Hole, M.(ss,. to I'hilndelpliia and other jdaces f.r trial. From the former place no reinriis as to ii, \aliie were ever leccived ; lull iiislciid he re('eiveil W(n'(l : "We don'i waiil a maimfactnrcd iiiliile here. I ut will piirelinse all the tish scrap yii have for sale." At rhi.adelphia and in (''.ii- iiei'licnl Ihe article i;ave cxeellciil .salisfiicii..ii. and hiri;e orders were f.v- wiirded for it. Amoiii; our own fariiKMs it has heen nMwiii}; in lavm- wher- ever used, Harrelled. this ii,h niianu sells f.ir 8.'W J'cr ton. Mes-rs, Tr. at iV To. lire also eiii;a,;eil in Ihe in iinira.'liirc of a iiianiire from rock weed, which lifts (jiveii ;iiod -alisfaelion as 1 feiiilizcr for imtutoes. The r.ick weeil is lirsl reduced hy steniii. then uroiinii, and diied hy the leldilion of 10 |ier cent, of (|iiicklime. With some cf it a prlion of llsli scrap is also added. l'"ri '111 llie fiicl that the herrinu are sailed hefoie the oil is e.\|n'essed, the sciiii> will keep h.iioer with'. lit (icterioration, than will that of the menlniilen, in which no salt has heen used. It is, in ('on.seipieiiee, hetter adapted lor transportaloin in hulk or iilharrels. hein« iiiolfeiisive."- iTweltlh auniiil Ke- port of the Secretary ' f Ihe .Maiin'' Hoard of Ai;ri.-iiltnr''. IK'o ) 122 >tniiiu'iil ill II'— i--tiiiL; llir iiiiiiniliicliiriii;,' iihlii>nirs a-, wril iis till' iH,'|-iriilliiii' 111' llh' rniti'il StiitrN, mill uilli iIh' will kiinuii I'i'limiklllili' (IrVl'l! ,).llfllt wlliclllms tllUrll pIlH'r ill till' llli'll- lifiiMiii iiiiliislry, it is liiit ri'iiMiiiiililr in Mi|i|insi' tluil now lllr llrrriim' nil' Ml|i|iiisr(l tcl lie ill such Vllst alillllilllllcr nil llir Niiv.'i Srotiiin slidivs illirill;^ till' willlrr sriisiill. llllil llir ni- (•ii|>iltii)ll of till' sti-MIlil iisslirrs tile liniiiis lor liiUili;.' IIhm' tisli, 111! 1 lliiit> will 111' '^|iiii'ril liy till' I'litcrinisiii^'- citi/riis of tlio riiilcii Slnti's til iilili/i' 111 llir iiliMiisi till' iiii'iiiis plm-i'il lit. lliiir ili>iiiiviil liy lllr ll-lirry (•I;iiim'> nt' llir Wiishiii^flnii trriity. It i» ^tilt(Ml that siiu'i- the n>ci'iit (U'cliiip in the llirriiij; lishcrv ill Norway, Uiiitcd States vessels arc eniiafjcd in takiiif? llcniiif^s cliiert tVoiii iIk^ Manilalni Islam's, ('aiiso, llilitax, \t., Io Swedish I'oits, where they find a leady and In- ci'ilivc in.iiket. This inii{lit ap])eiir to he an indu.stiy open to Ihilish Aiiiei'icans to a gieatoi- ileijieo than to those who have to come many hiiiidicds ol' miles to i;et their eari{nes. I?ut whether owiiii; to ciiises iiitn «hiih il is not necessary to eii- ([iiiie, advaiitajie is taken ol the nppnrliiiiity, or the reverse, one result is evident, namely, that the price ol lleiriiii{ halt, taken on their nwn shores, to the Nova Seotia fishermen, is liahle to heconie suddenly increased, anil may attcct iheir deep sea line fisheries to a considerahle extent. Ir will also affect the deep sei line fishery ol'the Americans on (ieorfies, I.e H.ivc and the (iraiiil H.mks. in liki- proportion, lor they must have llcrrini; li.iil to ]iiirsiie these fi'.lieiies with success The fish caic^ht in those waters fetch a better pried than the smaller fish caiii;ht inshore ot'thc Hanks, and while a small sized class offish would cnst more ih.in thcv were Wurlh to catch with hcniii!; hail at a ci'rtiiin price, the lari(e Hank fish, troiii the higher price they { .inimand, can hear the extra cost. The pursuit of the fishery on the Hiiiks reiiuires a cl.iss of vessels which the Americans possess ill aliiindanic. hat which are comparatively rare ainonsi; the Xova Si'oli.ms, who iiio-t a])prii.iih, il in some caM's they do not eiin.il, their enlcrpiising liv.ils. The .Vnii'i'ii'aiis ciiiild imt elii;airi' i" thi^ trade ilircctly un- less they I'liiiiycil tVcc iicci'ss to our coiislal waters. It is itii- piis>ili|i' to t'lirscc the extent to wliieh this new cimuncree miiy he developed, fur. altliiiileli. in the iipiiiimi of Siirs. the Nnr- \vee;i»ii lleri'iiii.', whicli has censed to lie caui,'ht nii its iisiia! i^roimd--, i-- iniilialiiy only l\iiii,'a little riiilhcr icianved finin the enast. \el that very remuval may put il lieymiil ivaeh for n dinary eniiiiin rcial piirpnsev. 114. It i> an inipnitaiit result nf a scientific eiiipiiry to a.'"|.|miv„tlvii„.xl,a„sti s„|,|,li,..„f all ki,„ls of fisI, lif,.. "■t 111" |.ivs,.„t |,ov,.,tv of tl„. |„.a,| of .1,,. i!„v of Cl.alcns I..' <:ontiu.st,.,| with its fon,,..,. ,,,,„i„.. ,v,.„|tl, a,'„i tl„. ,vl„lio„ "t tl..' ( o,l tisl„.,-i,.s to ll,.,Ti,„,r s,,:,u„i„. ^.,v„l„.|s I, .ro„„.s ■'•tllKin;;,'ly illiistiatcil. "'I'liiMc Ims 1,1.,.,, ir,-,.,,! n.m|,h,i,it „f laf,, v..ais in the i.pp,.,- I>n.r ot tl„. Mav „r Ch.l,.,,,., of ,|„. f,,lli„. off in tho rod fisi„.,v, Mis su„l to 1,0 ,.v,My voa,- ,l..,„.aM„;., At CirK.ton, M.dnc, ^,i„„o,„i, a,„l otln.,- pl;„.p, on ll,o CJa.p,. sl,o,v, tl.o (ishin- e.tnbhshn„ ntN a,o .l..s,.,t,.,l aial jjoinf. ,„ ,.„i„. At th.'s,. pla.r'I thm.wa.sfo,m,-,lvanal,u,„I,,„ts„pply„fH.|, ; l,„f ,|„. i„l,al,i- tants „ovv l.un.jy ralrl, enoi.srh f„r thoi,- own .vUuvv sto,-... '''"•* '''''•'•^' '^ ''!'«> ''•'If on tl„. New Miunswi.U sho.e Tin- .s..nl,.„„.„f „( iVtil |{o h,.,- s,„„|s o„t al.ont .500 l,„,.s o„lv whi.l, av,.,aj;,. a ratrl, of .10 ,p,i,„,,ls rarl,. ,l,„i„f, ,]„. soaso,,. IUp Pockshavv o,nst svn.U out a f..H- hoals l,„f ,|,ev o,ilv (i,|. o<.-cas,„„„i|v. Tho (;a,-a,,,„., a„d Shipp,,.,,,, l,o,„s f,.',-.l,r.,'dow„ the Hay take mo,,, than 100 ,p,i,„,,ls ,.:„.|, ,l„,i„. ,1,„ sraM,,,, «,i,rha,oof l„.n(.,.fp,ali,y ti,„„ ,1,,,.,. t„k,.„ „fr ivtit |{,„|,i.|- '' '"; '''''li"" "'■ 'I'" ''-'1 fish,.,v i„ th.. npp,.,- pa,t of tl,.. I!av is att,,l,„i,.,l ,o tl„. w,„,|o st,„,.,i„„ of ,1„. p,..,p,,,. an.l natinal '"'"" "' 'I"' n,d,_l„.,-,i„j, and ,ap,.|in_«hirh a,-,, take, i„ i,„. m.-„s,. ,p,ant,t,os, „ot to,- i„„„,.,|i;.„. ,,,,i„j, „,■ f„,- ,.„,.i„., „,• fn,' liait hilt fo,- .M\M,(,\,i ill,.; I, AM) I" (1) Anotl,,.,- ill„s(,-.„io„ is Mlfonl,.,! |,v ,h,, Heiai,,;, (i,-.,,,,,,]. al.o„t tl„. Island of{;,-a,„i >[,,„,„, whi,.l, h.v,. I.r..„ „oli,.,.,l l,v iIh- I. S. f;on„„issio,i,.|- of Fi.l, ;„„1 l.'i,|„.,.i,.s, .,s ill„>,,-.„i„;, tin- 'elation l.etwe,.n tho Cod lisl„.,i..s .,,,1 H,.,,-!,,. .^y,,yninl gionnds. 11.0. TIk. vessels in whiili tin; lishcanen of the United .States pinsne the ,l,.ep s,-a hsheiy olf the coast of Xova Srotia mnl the (i,a„d 15, nk., diiR.,. i„ ,„;,„^. p„.,i,.„|,,, ,■,,„„ ,|,^. |j,„|. eralt o«„,m1 in g,.„o,al l,y Nova Seotians and Xe«fonn,llande,s, I'hen- vess,ds are hng,. and well fonn.l in eve,-v pa.ticula,-. an.l l.o,nTOto l;,'Otons hnnlen. T'„.y a,e .apa.ions ..„o„t;l, to l).nnit th<.|n to lemain for seveial months at sea. I'ln-y fcii, "" ii>Mi"ilHnt item in tin- .■omme,-,Mal marine of the eonni,T and th.'ir m,,i„tenan,-e ami ineioas.. tend to footer all ihos,. ii,d„s. tr.es whieh aie connected with sl,ip.l,„ildi„g and the employ- """I" '1<'I"''..1"'I ..|>.n, this inllnential Inanch of enterp.ise and eomn„.|ce. The stir and laistle of ,nanv of their s.-apnit towns owe tho .stimnlns they .-ereive from that Incative in.h.stty. \et much (.fit d,.pen,ls „po„ the snpply of l,,,it the Hshermen are cnahl,.,! to p,„d„ee on liritisl, Ame,ica„ sho,-es If l,y any nnf.nseeii event this supply we,e s„d,l,„|y to hecnne i„ac,e>sil,|e, an.l with it il„. means for taking the ('o,l the ll;,libiii and ihJ Hake which forms the object of poisnit, a chink of a scions chai-acter wonl.l he driven to their nieic.mfile marine. Fishio.r on the .N'orihe,,, iianks and in Xorthern wate.-s is assn,e.l to the F.sher.non of the Unit,.,! ,St„l,.s l,v the ample snpply ol l,.,it generally p,ovi,Ied, which ,.„al,lcs them to follow a si.nilar win- ter emi)louiient in their own sontheiai watcis. Hnt a entail- ment of the one woidd .lisastionsly ellect the other in a com-. I. rVrlc.y KhimvI u„ ,1„. s,.„ „i„| |;jv,.r l."i»li,.rit.« „f \uw llriiiHwiok, 1852 l','l ini'icial senxc, lor in llic lull vp.ii< emplovnirnl of their wi'll a|)|i(iiii'('il vpsHcK lii'< till' i;r(Mt prnlits of the ilrcj) sea fisli- int; indiistrv as now piirsiidil Ijv tlicm Till' |)ir|i Sia tisliiii;; Stilted of llii' I'niiiii luc Mas.sai'lniMi'tts. Maitii' mill ( 'niiMicticiit. wIkisi' ca])!!:!! aii'l iiiiiiiin' an- larni'l.v ilivictc'ij til till' ( '(111 aiid Mncki'ii'l. Altlinii^'ji tju' ii'tiinis iii- 'lifatiti;.' till' iiiiiiilirr of ,slii|)s ami timimjio i'ii'_'iii,'ril in tlio Hsli- I'lirs niv- to iisi' till- laiii.'ilH>;c of thi' I. S. ( 'riisiiH ( 'oiiiiiiisMioni'i- — " ilistii'ssiii^jy iiiaili'iniati' to tlir known facts of '' i' caMi'.' Yi't, incoiiiplrti' as tln'v aii-. lliry supply iiiipoitaiii infoniiM- tioii ri'spcctin;: tliis imliistiy. A total of SO.OOI) tons of sliip- pirij;' I'mjiloyi'ii in till' pursuit of tlii' ('ml anil tlio MackiTi'l aloni', is an I'xiiiliil "f tlir \alii'' of tlii' imliistfv. It is vi-ry consiilcralily iiioii' than tlio lotjil t,onnaj:i' I'tnploycd hy till' Ni'W fonnillaiiili'is in the pi'osi'iiition of their i-nornions ti.sli- i-rii'.s. an. V,i. Tons. .No. Td'ii. ■").4:(1.7(i ilHO -20.360.1;'. I2.").53 24 !l(i2.li-i 2,f)J5.Hl iocs .^l,.'i!l.1.S« >:!(:. T't lo.i 1 ..'■.:r>.47 1.232.71 IT.'i M.T.'iO.'.m I.l.")ll.21 111! I,ir)9.21 24.12 :t '24.12 14H.2(I 211 l.linS.Sli MilUM' ... :i.'4 14.!i:)l.4.-> 35(1 Nt'w llaiii|i-'liir('. 12 .>3ii..-.o: 12 MiH-*:u'iui-t't(s s:iii 4s.s.is..-,: 2:!s lihotlf! Islai.{(' "•' (!1, .').■) 1.00 I lie followiiijr tiil)|p sliowH to what an impuitiiiit amount the toiiiiafrc, cigagrd in the Deep Soa Cod atul Mackerel (islier- ios may swell in n great maritime country, and how rapidly it may derlinc with the decline of its fi^ll<•|■ies. 'lahlr ishowing fiie atnoniit of United States tonnnge engaged during each Hllh yenr >in.e ISof) i„ ,he Cod and Maekeivl finh- cries. *®'"'- Tonnage. ^^■'■' 124,5r)2.5(! "^•'" l«ii,704.iJ0 '^*''' 100,437.00 '^"O !»1,4.')<).99 '^'^' «0,:.'(I0 ()8 'I'o restore the tonnage of 187.0 to tlie condition it occupied hut fifteen years previously, would lie to re'ore vitality and elasticity to the .shiphuilding interest throughout the New Eng- land States. Oiii. p„te„t aid j,, ,.f|oi.ti„g thi.s desirable resuscitation is the Herring, which lias heen ascertained to lie llnth'r llie land during the winter months off the shores of Nova Scotia, eillicf for hait in the Cod and Halihitt fisheries or for direct shipnient to Sweden I'nN.sruiTIMiN- OK ir'K lliifSKS. I Hi. The tir^t etfirt of th icession to use the strand and take hait, was the eoiistiiietion of iee houses in New- foumlJaiid to pivscrv,' thr iMraiis l,y which the fish are taken, and the Msh theiusclvcs when caught. The instruiiu'iits na- tnraljy eiupjuyi'd are the resident fisliciinen on the coast who have thus heconie. ill many instaiii'cs, luere purveyors to their nior.' fiirtMiiatr partners. It must U,. I„,nii' in iniii,!, too. that tlie recent construction of ice liouses for tile supply of llic A rican lishiiin- t|e,.t. iiliinghad been Very .good up the date of my ariival, the caplin having nuide their apiM^arance two .lays hefore; the averages at the latter place have .■xceedeil th,' last few years hy frri<>f examination into the char- acU-rof the food of the Cod, and of the eU, ami t!)!> tares were laiiiliil 'I'lie hi|siiies» in ly lie ilasseil in l»(i ilepnitllieiils, a piiiliiiii (iC the HiNt iiiakiiii; slicni trips ami hiiiij^iiifr in their (aies licsh, to supply the iVesli tisli (laile, ami the lesl ,t( the fleet making lliv ill till' I 'nil. '.l Stilt. 's i-. -lat.-il far In exeee.l in value lli.' ei.jiiliin.d iiidiisti i.'s nf all tin- .I.m p ~.ii I' .lii'iies. and its Micat mainstay and snppnrl are the natnial waters iif ( 'hesi'peuke Hay, Th.' shell fisli in th.' eol.l liritish .Vim'rieaii waleis aiv oiiiip.ir.itively ntti'fly iiisi;;iiifii-aiit as a e.imiiiereial |iriiliiet. and the restrietioiis in the Treaty ..f Washin.'l'iii, limit in. f t!i.' t ikiii,' nf t,!i>' sli.dl fish (;. ih.' .-ili/.'iis ..f til.' ii.iti.iiiality whi'ii (hey aiv fmind, is eiitiivly niie sided in il> efl'-el, ami ..f m. v.dii.' wlialeViT t.i liritish .Vineiieaii fisheiiii. II, li;it of inmi.'iise valm- t.i the fisliiiiy; interest niaiiii- faclnr.'s and enniMii'reial niiriiie nf th • i'nit'd Stat.s. Ills trill' thai ill" t Wn iinln-trii's i-aii iml ;.'n nil wil h enntiiiiii'il cnm- increial sii-'i- ■<< in th ■ s i iie w.iteis. for t'l • mariii.' eliiiiiite, orn- >,'i'a|ihii' features and enii.st line favoialile fnr the one are iin- siiited tn the nth.-r, l.iil it is just this whieli makes the r.'S- tl'i.'linll.s 111' fi'eednlii nf aelinii witll Ii'l:'.'! id In slii-H Ijvli th.' iii.iii' reinai'kahle. It is nf im iisr .'.iiir.'.liny In ih.' liritish .Vni'M-ieaii the entire ami .'Xelnsive riL.dil In the ..\steis nn his nv,n ena-sfs. fnr there are praetieally ii.in.' in a edini.ieri'ial sense, ti 11. '.'il.- Th.' eiiast,s nf tin' I'llited (StJlte.s ale th.' natural hnine of the ir.sler and in their nnriviilled |ii'oiluet- iveiiess and value there, they are exclusively reserved liy the Tivatv . f \\'a>liiii„'tnii fill the snie Use aiid a.lvaiita'Te of the 1. '• 'I'll.' Ii-li.'ii.'s..| III. ii,'i',-li'r,' l'r,..'li'r l!r 'th. l'::itf.l Stii(."s tiHiii'i'iiH'M Mild citizni,. T],U U oi f i|i,' Mtitfllllltiollf, l.v whil'll l.ll,. NJ.Ir „f llir tisli.rv .liin-.s nf tllr TivHi.v is s,i ov..|-w..i>flit^..l, nii.l lik.. Hi., liiiiit.ilion in lli,. IMllsllit ,.r till' nlllKllolllcnis ^|M.(i,., M.iltll r,f 111,. :li(tli |,||||lllrl, II. iliiiws iis f,,i,.,. ||,„„ il iii.iiii,,,,.. ivsiiltin^f rnim iMiiiiiii' t'lliiiitli'. M. IVItrma, in a I'diiiiiMiniciitliin Id iIm' Frrmii (iovcni- inciil liiiM (liawii spcrial nll.iili..n to llic (.noiiiKiim clrvcldpiMciit anil iniiHirtaiicc ..I' tin' Sliril HnI, trail,., in it. i,,|,iti..ii 1.. Inn,!, iiiaiuil.i(iiirf.i,, imil tlif rDiiinicixial iiiaiiiii'. " ll wa, cMtimiitod. in IH.')!, tliat tin- pfcuniiiiv pintiis ,U.. nv,il lV,)iii 111,. hIlcIIs I'loin tin- vmious (.>>li'r ,M.ililis|iiii,.i,t. in l!allinii>n' alone aiiuiiiiitci! ll„ 1 „t „v.t,.|- ^li,.|l li,i„. sells al Iroin 1'.' Ii> 1:1 crMs " 111,' cllcrl pii.ilmcl iip,„i iiavijjalion liy iIk' dilluic ,if (i.vsi,.|s i, v,.iv imp..il,inl. AiroKliiijr to llic inroiniati.in liir- ni^lll•.l me, tl;,. i ! ,nt,iii,.ns of tli,. hay nl Ni'W V„i k and nf tliat vicinity ..iiipjuv ..nc liniidiril v,.>,.U, mid iIh)m. oI UoMon .ind ''apt- Cud I'n.Mi liiiity-tivc t,. \\,ny. li,.(,>io llii! war, lie n.' Imndicd iind liliy to two hnndicd M-liooncrs wi-rc cmpioMMl dniinK MX iiionllis in t|„. year, citli.'i- in Inr.sp.n-tini,' oysipi'.s for planlalions ov in siipplyinu: iIk' mere lianis „r F,,ir Haven dnriiii,' llic winter " Aoiiiii : I lie oyster id' tlie ( 'lie>a|i|.nke. in i-nliseinieiK f tlie hivoial.je eoiiditioiis in vvjiieli it lives is in its iiiitiiliil ei.nditi..n Ml liir;.'e that, t'lir tlie niost pari, in does not need ciillnie. I.iit ran . uter ilie iimrket iniinediatily. At Fair Kaveii, and at Hllston, wliele, on ileeolinl ,,r tlie lliieklless o|' iee, it is impos- sill!., til seeiire a supply in winter lliey are, during, tliat seasmi, liroimlit I'roni Vir-inia in siillicieiit ipiaiitity tosiijiply the needs III eoiiinieree. The sel tiers wliieli transpurt them maiiaj,'*' their viiyaoes in smdi a inamier that the meivhiints die re.,'M. larly supplied ; and the molliisks ohlinarily remain in ih.. hold ■ if the Vessels until tile ear.:,'!! is sold, liuwever eiild it may lie they uill live for several days, provided tlie lialehwiiy is II"' "I"' I limil the hour ot re val. They have heell kliinvn to live in this w.iy lor ,i monih. ■ U nil ,-1 lew eseeptioiis. We may say that a lar-e pari oi' the i-nllivaled oysters in the Northern .States eom,. from the Chesapeake a-iid the month of the Delaware, wheiv the plant- ers ean proeiire ihem al so low .a priee as t ike il untieees- siiiy to lake pari in the loi'al fisheries. " In releien.e to ih,. Chesapcik,- li.iy. Iron, whirh Hiilish .Vnicric-an Kshcrmon are now exeliiiled. he .says: •'Chesa- peake Hay, lioni whieh is jr.nheied ,, l.ujro proporlion of the ovsiers lullivaled in .VnieriiM, is a ni,ii;iiitieeiil hasin in whirh riovidene,; seems to have ae, ninnlated every neeessaiv eondiiion for loiininir an adinirahle lo, .ditv for the Hslierv. Its entianeo, helween Cajies Charles and Henry, opens Inmi the east to the we.st ; hut the liay soon ehances in direitinn. and eMends iiuvMrd the north for a distance of one imndre.l and fifty miles, wiih a width of from twenty lo thiny miles in tlie southern pari, and from ten to fifteen ' i the northern. It is aeee.ssihie to the lar- gest vessels, A numlier of rivers empty into it, of whieh the most imiiortant are the Folomar. the Kappahannoek, the York, ami the .lames 'I'he anmnnt of Iresh water which Hows into lliis hay daily from these streams, the smallest of whieh admits the riitiiiK ol'rlK' ti(li>, midciN llir wali'i!. ofllic ('lii'«ii|MMiki' Ii'hh siilt tliiiTi tlial ol' the iici'iin, 11 circuiiiMtaiici' wliii li we hiivc iilrpady mentimieil in fivouriihlc to tlie niitiiriil piculiiiiion nhhr iiynii'i'. riic ulioroK of till' tmy arc inilciitcil liy « niiillitiidr of ^{iiII'h, ciiTkd, miiall ImvH, itc, in wliicli all' iiumh'ioiih iBlamN. Till' oxtciit of nIuiic is llnis greatly iiirrciiKcd mil iiiiiiimi'iiilili' places of iiliclfcr atl'ordi'd for llir iniillipliiatioii of tUli and nu>l limkH." 'I'lic (iiiaiitity of Htli f(iiMi-.liiMl tiy those tislii'iics in very u;i('at ; and licforc tlic Wiii' llii' amiiial cstiniatc at Haltininri' was four liiindrt'd thonHand liarirU of Malt lisli, |)iiiiii|ially liriiinn; and chad." ' Kor an oniinu'iation ot tlic ciiorinoiis c|ii unity of fish taken in tlip CHtnarirs of tlu' livciH fiowinjf into ClicHaprakf Hay, anil lor a dosiTiplioii of the giniintii: " steam seines " ii«oil in theii captuie, the vast waste of fish, the inefficiency of exi»tlnn regu- lations to control the fisheries, and tlieir ^'ladiial decline, refer- eiii-e can he had to tlw " lieporl of the I'riana Trip," piililished in the Report of the I'liitcd States (lomniissioner of Fish and Kisheiies for IH't'i'-"). lis. I,iviM.i AN,' l»i:\ii l!ur. I'.i lioi'i:. I.l\ INIl IIAI'I'. Bait limy he dividid into two classes, living' and dead. Among the most imiDifant halts used liviiij; are, 1st. Sand Kids; ^nd. Small fish, caiif the Dutch. '-'1 in .irder, upcoi'l'rtiji to the facijilie^ I'm- pmeiii Tlieli tl 'illly:er Kel .SjiiiU.s, ('nil's, Miiekrivl ,ards. I'lai" Suiiill lladduck.s. Small l,ily\viinii l'ii'('e> (if l)oLrlish. mid Sea Alielii Til i,iit;w .■• i.oli-wiinn nf the tishi-riiieii is prnlialil\ l!ii' .^ .llelid, A ri'iliciiht. Tiie Heirinj; is the principiir '.-111 and the iim^l esteemeil. At ('iilleiciiats Kl.OOO husliel .f mussels are used per aii- 11 1 HI for the Cod Fishery ; nif ' I'li.'Sftiieakfi Hay nlicimidsin fls' ..|.|S, IVll llllllll't. I'lltlisll. .Sllllll 111 I'l Hill ulluT livr.s. I'lionnoii- «tiii);i< .n ;i,>illiils. I. Irmiii for the rod (i.th- rry in Indand is stated I' I to huvo licun in IS.j.j, halihnt, or the lltd^ar Fi»f{ar of Ictdaiid. 'I'ho catch with this hait wa» good. SiiaiJH and iihikiicIn arc used liv the natives '"'•) Nkiuvav. In Norway, on the f.ofoten Hankx, lieriin^, capolin and <'od roes are iisiiil Imi caix'jin i-- pielerred. i'' I l:!(l. Mr. Alldli'W's rMllliiillltes Ihc foilDwill;,' as excellent liait ill Irish waters : The Clam- (iMya ari'iiariii). HMilherees ' Keliniiue lillV ) - l^'l'niieM ilepll.Hsnln). (.Myii tniiicata). (KiiHiis ciirinatii.s). (Fusils ilespectlls). (lilieelniilii ilililatllliij. nil liait i'i{iial to lint 111 consiilers for Irish Sens llenilli,'. •Sprat. .Miiekerel. ( 'limber. SniiiMiiiuiK'i'. 121 .\mi:iiii'\\ \V,\ti;iis. iMi.i' 111' sr. {..vwiii'iNTi:. Ilellilly, i ':i)ilin. Si|iiii|, S])iatt. Mnekerel. Laiince— (Sand Ljiunee. Sand Kels.) ('lain. ATi.AN'rrc Coasts . Consul. C'rowi', ISOIi. (i. Consuliir Hcport.", 1»07. l.'JO liciiij,'-('|jiiii, Sninl Cliiiii — (Mvii ar.'imiin. liiiu'i'ly iisi'd liy Aiiic'iii'iiii tislicrnun in the ( nd Kisliciy uiitlic Hanks (if Ncw- toiiiKllniiil. Larp'ly iilsd on the Atlniitii- Coiusts of Ndv.iSco- lia. wliitv il isstyli'd " Claiti-Hnit. " ami is cxli^nsivoly ('olicctcd t'ni- tliat iiiir]MiM'. Ill It occiiis accordijii; to Packard, in ;dimidaiicr .m ilu- >uiitliiTii Laliiador, Tlic Miiss,.|, Hntll spi'cii's Mtil'ihiH iiliil'is, illld Mnilidlii iiiinl inl lis ) iwr nliiindaiit en tlic Nova Scotia Coasts. Hut llicy a|i|H'iii- to III' lai.jy iisi'il as liait. Nl'WIulNDI.ANIi. Hcrriii;;. cnjiclin, si|nid, laimcc and, to a small extent oti the soiith coast, cod iMcs and sludl tisli. Nr.wFniNui.AMi N'liKin IvAsr ('u.\st. \'2'2. Alioiit flic year 177^ MoMsieiir ( 'a.ssini. accoidini,' to Ansjiacli, '-■' visited Saint I'ieire and descrilied tlie caiielin sclioojs wliicli then fiv(|Mented the sand lieaelies of that l-Jand, Imt which are now in a manner exhausted. Ansjiach trives the I'lpllmvini.' order for hail in ronce|ition Hay. I. Herrings arrive jjenerally alxnit the hej^iimin;; of May and i-onlinne until the end of .Iniie, '2. Lnnici' 111' sand-eel appi^ars in .Inm-. 'i. I 'a[ielin. June. +. Sijuid, Kei^inniuL,' of .Xuirust. eontiini"s to the end of the fishery. ■>. .Mackerel. Used for hail. This author notices rhe fact of cod remaiTiini,' "in the southeni and many other part.s of the Island durini; the whole year," and he also mentions their heiuu;' taken throuLih the ice durinir tlic winter months. '' Tile viuid is LTener.dly siijijios.mI to follow the ca]),'lin. Iiul this is not always the case. In the meteorolo;;ical notes, jinh- lislieil !,y Mr. Henry ( 'lift, at llarlkiur ( Irace, in I.S72, the a]i- |iearance of iartre i\umliei's i.f Mjuid. on the •_''Jnd .lune. in < 'once|itiiin Hay, is noticed, and the remark added, ■ This ar- rival of s(|uii|s liefiire the ca]>ilin not known for 7"> years nast." TliK. WllKI.K. 1 2-"!. If is soniewhat reuiarkahle that the whelk, which is -o ini|ioi-tant a liait for cod in llrilish seas, and so extensi\ely em|ii"\ ed for that ]iur|iose. should not housed in \mi'rica to any de:,a-ee cummensmate with its im|iortanee. Till' \vhr\k ( till tvi II II III niiiliiliiiii I i>\ America is iileiilical with the Hrit'.sh sp.'cies, hut as this shell varies considerahly in form in hoth Kuro|iean and American seas, accordine- to its fredine' eroiiii,! niistakes are likely to he made. It is not common, accordin;; lo \'erril!, s.mth of ( 'ape ( 'od, exe.'jit on the outer Islands aii'l . I" |. water, liut il is very almndant on I he coast of Maine and n: thward to (Ireenland. It is found in water varying fr^ u low tide lo a ileptl of ii.")(( fath- oms or 2 101) feet, more than the thir 1 .' a mile, an I far helow the deepest einl fishiuii ;,'rouiids kiiown. lii the Hay of Fiindy i' is ah indant from ahive low .'. iter mark ti |!)0 f.athoms.' ' ' < In ihe .Vllantic coast of Nova Scotia it occurs aliun Hsliei- meii in the North Sea. It is m.is; ahundnnt. accordine; lo I. ,1 H >.Viiliv. Itililo i iu'lc '■'•'■'■' .1 I'ih;h ilj I Vc oil III li.|..,ii .1 r.s. r..iiiiiii-i.iiii.v Mf Ki-li iiMil Kisii.'ni's. Is7l-'j. 131 ...•kanl. n ! ,„ H„. Stniifs nf l!,.||,. !.1„, „„! is fouml just !>.■- low ou- wnt..,- .MMik, so tl,Mt it is in Mianv lomlities ,|uit,. a<- ce,s.sil,|,.. ri„.,v „i,iv !„. |,iaclicnl nl,j,.,.ti,ms t.. tliri.' ns,., "\Vli..lks,"„r •■I!ii,.| ) Mr. Hohlswortl,'- ' .snvs tliat niiisscLs. vvl,i..|. aiv an ..x T!.,. hait is also „se.i at the Faroe Nhuels for ( 'o,|-lishin;,'. ■ Th,- hait most in favor with the North Sea Co,] Fishcr- """'- •'"■' '""" l»i'J-'" Wli.'lk. l,„ton 1 ,v parts of the coast Herrinesarel,y far the „„«, attractive/an,! a. certain seasons th..only killine- hait forCo.l. Mn.s.sels ar.. perhaps more commonly use,l as hait than anythini; c'lse for general line- tishine," '■' l-'l. Aeconlinu' to i),e experience ,,f li-hennen in Kuro- pean seas, the takin- of spawning' co,| with hait is hv n.. "lean. nneoiMmo.r hnt it ,e,p,i,es .^.eneraliv tlie n.ost ki'llin- liait. (he herrini,'. Inevhh.neeohtaim.l hy the Ih.vaK 'ommission at dreen- «ich. a witness state,!:-- If | „,.,• „. .s!,oot a lin,. witl, h.icki,. iw!„.|ki hait at „he tin,,, -le- tish w,.r,. spavvnin- I w,.u!,! n,)t catcl, many of tlami. hnt I ,.onl,l ir.'t a e,va( many witli fr...s!, la.rrin-s. I tliink that a hm^ki,., on tli,. whole is as ,:;,„„| a hait for a ..o,! .., ;, h.^rrin- wh,.n lh,.v ar,. not spawnme." !'a^.. 1 l:?i (,)„. ;,u.7()|. : A-ain. at l',.rwick a a w,tn,..ss statcl that as „ een,.ral nil,, lli, v ,h, not tish in H,.|,rnary. Tli,. tisl, cm,, in slior,. t,) ,h.posit tlieir .pawn hut they are som,.tim,s tak,.i. np hy th,. fish..rm,.n wlien th,v are inslior,.." I's,. is ma.le ,,f ,.o,| ,o,-s f,,r hail t,, a small ,.xt,.nt on t!i,. s,mtl„.rn ,-oast of .N,.wf,,nn,llan.l. In th,. n,.ij,'hhonrl 1 of <'ap,. Itay til.. Iish,.rm,.n som,.tim.-, ns,. tli,. r,.,. f,,r tliis pnr- pose, hnt hn.| a .litticnlty in k,..pine. it ,,n tli,. h,,ok .\s the attracti,,,, of all hait f,,: .o.l is pn.hahlv. in th,- first instan,.,. ■Ill-, to th,. sense „l sin,. II. which is ..vi,|,.ntlv th.. clii,.f i^iiia.. Ill ,h.,.p wa(,.r an.l ,li,riii- the nii^lit tiiii,., a m,.tli,>,| for ,.ncl,.s- inu' c,"l spawn in .'i .mall lac- n,.f is siis,re-e.st,,.,!. I1k1!UI\:| \s Mmc. '-•''• '''i'-' '" ii'i|'"iunic,. ai le ,,11 kii.,ls,,f hait stan,!s til,. Ihiriii- Its nniv.rsal appli.ati,,n f,,r this pnip,,s,. apii.-ars (,, 1". ,.v,.rywli,r,.ackn,.wl,.,!-,..l. an,| (his fact al,ai,. points t,. 111.. a,lvant..e,. ,.f. an.l in ...me .as,., th,. ii,.,.,..sit v f,.,. pr...,.rs - '""{■ ';>■ "',' '■'■i'-s"ii»j'l>- .•ins, th,. spawnin- er.annls ,.f this hsh, t,.j;,.tli,.r with Its wint..r l,..i,i,.s. wh,.r,. lli.'.s,. ar,- fonn,: in .s..cln,!,..! an.l Ian.! hick,., I hays '• ''••'- ' " ' '"""b- ^'"♦'•'1 ill 111.. I'liit...! Kin. Mom an.! in N.irway that if (!,.. Ii.h..rm, n w.r,. pr,,hil,it...l from takin.' !i..r|.in;,' f,.r halt t!i,.y ...(ihl not mak,. a livin,'. I. liw.'iit liivcrli'lii-at,. FiiiiiM o! Ijil.m l.a-. 1'. K..,'), N'H Kislijim. :). Il.i.l. 4 .\|,|„.,i,liM„ ||,.|,,„., „f Cmini-.i ,.- .,|,i„.nn...] 1,. ..iMuir ft,.u hi.slii.i.i,.,..if III., liiit,.,! KijiK.leni. ' v into 111,, ■ 132 Mr. I'"iiicik Hucklaiid ntcis to llip siilijocr in lii» rrceiil ic- |)i)iT nil the Kisliciii'x lit' Norfolk. I'- '• .X liirge pioportioii of tlie.sc s|)iin<» lieriiii;^s are sold for l)ait liy flic I.ow s!oft man to tlie Diitcli and FiiMirh fishcrini'n, wliii como over to Lowestoft on jmriio-ie to liiv tliom. Iliesc >priii'; heirinij-. are used by the Dutch ami I'nih limen to liait till' loiii; lines to eatcli lialiliiit, tiirliols, etc." '• The aiijiMnent of liie I,o^^(■sl^t't men was eoiic uded hv the statenieiii that if the Lowestrli, Yiirinoiitii and (ieurnestown nirn were pi evented fr.mi catehing sprint; ln'rrini; and rollins; 'lieni to the niitihnieii .onl rren-lnne:i, the Dulcli and French- iiien would come in and catch the spring; herrins^s for thiiu- x'lvcs. as somehow or other they must h.ive this class of fi'-h to cnahic them to carry out their deep se.i tishery with success." In the exh.iustive report of .V.vel \'ilhelin l.jungninn, ''' tlie lulhoi lefcrs to the ..nportauce of the herring as hait, as well is to the " lift repiMted saving ol the tishenncn. hcfore ([uolcd, that they weihl not lie ahir to make a living if they could not catch hen log '" "The l.irgri- portion of the deni.ind for hait is siijiplied liy the huge heriing nets, fipcaks of the iiicredilile shoals of l.aiince, ot lierriiig .mil ot daplin which "cause the seas to liiiil and gliltci in their rapid paths, producing the effect of eur- rents upon the hosmn of the trainpiil to 'i'l falhonis, which they do under certain eireumstances as desciihed in another pl.ue. I l!.'|iiirl "11 ihi' KislnM-ii-s ol .Vi.rlolk. l.'T.'i ■_'. ,si... til,. H.'iiiii iif ihi, I' s. r<iiii| PislnTii- fir |S7,',.T(1 :!. Vuviiiii'Mf II M.S. It . I III null I I v I.M III. .11 liipii ill t < .V."\f illll'llillMliKnl ill. ■II, K. .N., I. -MilMn. I SIM. iiitlii'iai f in»l iif t ■■ \,-«l IIiiimI ill Is-I-J," p. •J.-ill. Aiispicli tliiis (Icscrihcs IIr- uppcaianco of ('oiiccplioii Hav al)oiit tlic year 1818 : " It is iinpossihic to conceive, miicli more to desciihc, the splendid appeaiaiiee of ('(inception Hay, and its liaiboiiis on snch a nif;ht, at the time of what is there eaih'd llie Capclin- Sknll. Tlien its vast snrface is completely coveied with my- riads of fislies of varions kinds and sizes, all actively onijaijed cither in pnrsning or in avoiding; each other; the whales alter- nately rising and plnni^ing, thiowin-,' into the air sponts ol wntpr : the Cod-fish hoiniding above the waves, and rcflectinff the light of the moon from their silvery siirface : the Capcliiis hnrryint; away in immense sho.ils M seek a refuge on the shore, where each retiring wave leaves countless midtitndes skipping upon the sand, an easy |)rey to the women ,iiid children who stand there with barrows and baskets ready to seize up;)n 'he prccions and plentifnl booty ; wiiilc the lishermen in their skiffi- with nets made for that puipose, are increcjilible. ainl ubi'ii lbi> tisber- iiicii are eiigageil ill carrying baskiis di- sucks full nf this ll»h to their "gardens' as luaniire. the eueuiubcr odour can !»• jiereeivi'd at a eonsidenible distance. I''is!u'riueii sav that they can suiell the ( 'aplin when thev coiue into the bavs be- I'.iri' any have b.'cii taken. It is \cry pi-.ibablc that this eu- euiuber (I lour is uinre strongly di vrloped in the Smelt and in the Caplin during tlie spawning .seas(ui than at any ome parts of the north eastern coast of Newfoundland, where Cod are always iibservi'(l, although geograiihieally fartlier north. t!\nn in more I . I'auc ;is.-.. ■:. I'li-c 40S. l.'M ■-"Mllll'llstlTIl lli(','lliti("<. 'I'lir |"i-- fisli III lliiir ;i|i]irii(lcli to thr ^lioir. mill it ijiu's lilt iilwiiVN follow till' <'ii|iliims is coiniiionly .•lllryvil, lilit i-iiliirs ill snliirtilllrs lii't'olv, lllnl siinii'tillll'S llftcl' tliJil lisli. iw limy lir -ri'ii liy (111 lAiiiMiiiiilioii of till' tnlilfs ^liiiw ill;,' till' si']iiiniti' lii'-if iii'iivals of ( 'ml hiuI ( 'ii|iliti. l!.'8. Iiistaiii'cs iiro cniiiinon of viist nuiiihci's of Ciiplin Ik - iiiff foiiiul (liMil , the C.ipliii were taken in deep w.iter .iliout tlie l.'Dlli .lime lieiore they " came in." ' The a|)pearance of schools ot Ciplin coiniiii,' in to ^p.iwii III May, .Iiiiie or .Inly, according to the hilitude of the place, h IS alw.ivs e.\cited astonishment at their iiiinihers, and often in the pres- it d,iv in ( 'onci'plioii iJ.iy and some other iioled spiwiiing grounds, remaikahle scemvs may he witnessed. .\ii idea m.iv thus lie t'ormed of the extraordinary niimher ol I'l V serving ,is food, which sw.irni even now in the New- loiindland se.is. Nor i^ it, less easy to conceive how greatly these inuiimeral.le hosts have eoiitrihiited to tiie drawing inshore of the deep sea-tish First, the adult fish t'orining the attraction, next the sp.iwii. then the young fry, and thus continuing to the • ippioicli of winter. So great has hcen the importance attached to the preservation of the Ciplin, that legal enactments hive pissed tiie I, ".;is| itiire i.i N'ewl'o'indiand prohihilim; the use of this tish as 111 mure, and the |iiihlic documents abound with re- inoiisirinres against this palpahle ahuse of one of the most import, lilt means for preserving the Newfoundland l'"islieries. '- ' 1:.'!). Tilds are sometimes made througli ilie ice to catch CO I ill the diU'crcnt havs of Newf'oiindland during tlie winter season. In IHVi iitimero is tish were t.ikeii in .l.inuary ihroiigii holes cut ill the ice at St M,irv"s H.iv. and in tlieii sliim.n'hs iiir I. l-"i«liiMy li"|ial, IMiil. Ciiiil. Ki'sKiiic, |ii(;i' TH •i Siv A|i|ii'iiiliv til .I'liiriml nf .\»si'nilily. IS.'i7. pini' .'t.'IT, ''1 ill. AK.. l'.Tl..y's U.-|"rii nil till' KialuTii's of Xi'W llriiiiswick. .\ls'i Ui'|iiirls liy Ciiiil. r.'iiiii. iiml lit VII i'liis rislii'i., !!;H.'i'rs .if CiiMilii |ii-i'vi. Ills til (iiinl'iiiliiniiiiii' iicl -iili.s-i|UiMilly ill llic Dlli'-inl l!i'|i 'lis 'it II aniai.iii fHlna-y ulliciTs. Ep w afr oppoMU' Kvrokok, where Hftv fithoms have heen ineasnred, and , om,. to the liapids, wi,'i,h never hei-/.o, for air. 'I he same (hinand for air, or rather oxvgeM, may a.rount for tli.ir heins,' tioli.ed in the cracks of tlie ice off the coast o( I.ahrador. Ann)!!,;,' s,)i ,f the more iiitelii-eiil fisliermen the impression prev.dls that selioois of caplin with schoolsof cod uimer in the deeper portions of the -reat hivs of Newfoun.lland an.l th.' F.ahrador, an.l that snch is the ca's,- there appears to he little r.Mson to do.iht, hut in dilferent zones ol wat.'r Mr liennctl, " I writinir in ISTIi. says: " Our people much <)ften,T .-..mplain th.ii .-aplin remain in' deep water, where the Hsh .net -ori;...! «ilh ih.^m. tli.iu ,)f actual s.^arcity of the schools ill It vi^it the .•oast.'" lo(t The variations in the appearanie .)f snch fish as the eaplin are ivniarkahle ; ami the s.|uid is also notal.K- erratic in its movements. Since the v.'.ir l,S(i!), until \Hir,. not only the shores of \..wfouii,llan,l, hut also the (irami liauks, are sai.i to hav,. h,.eu f,.,.minu; with s.iui.!. Thev arriv,. on the «-..st co.ist ahoul tl„. Isl .\n«ust. and .aiv then ahout (.)ur or five Miches lou-. .,nd l,y ih.. lOfl, O.^vmher, wluui tlu- last arc tak.i. in May .1,. N,„,l, iu Fortune ]!.,y thev are f.-om 1'-' to 1.5 inch.'s loiii;. Ciiplin and s.pii.l were scarce throughout Newfoundlaml and Lahra.lor in 1H7.5. Tlu'v were al|..-..d to liave heen ahun- ''•'I" "11 the slmres ,.f Nova Scotia and Cap,. lii..tou .lurl.i- thi' sinii' yi'ar; — a v.u-y unusual ciiiumsta c Most imrthern lislierni.ui have .vce/, th,. v iplin spawn and witness,..! the yoiiti- fry in the suiiinier " Hllins " the .'ovi's. I'r.ihahly m. Ii,;niaii .ye has ..<.,.« the m.uk.uad sp.iwn. this operation takin- |ila,-,. in mid-water, anil the spawn flo.iiinir inst..a,l „f. lik,. ,1,,,, of the .■apliu, a.lheiin- t.. s^ind. Hut many lishiuin.ii hav,. s,;'n the mack.uad //■// vport- lui; in waters on the north si.le „f I'rim,. K.lwaril Island, I'l ■ih.mf th.. Ma-.lal.ui Islands, - i„ ,1,,. Hay ..f CliahMirs, '• an.l iu Mass.i,-lius,.|is I!ay. ''" all h,un- haleluMl about ll„. sime per- loil of tim.N y..t, Nvhil.. ti.|i,.riuen eut.a-tain no .louht aliont the eaplin winterinj,' c.mparatively near their spawning -jrouuds, yet they attribute to th.^ ma.ker.d e.vtra,)nlinary niigratious from' the south to the north, similar t,) those .b-scrihi'd and ,lispi„ve,l by Prof,.ss..r Rainl iu lelation In th,. h.uaiu-, the sliail, th,. ale- wif,. ami th.. salmon. " Si:iM\i,. Duriii!;- whai th,. Fi..u,li term the, .aplin season, that is from Ml., en.l .,f May to t|„. IDth ,.r loth of .\u,f enormous scin.'s .'i3.t to .mi metres in lenj;lli, t.) '>H nii-ties in .lepfli. \Vitli these imuiens,. ,.|u,'ines of destruction .\,lmiral Clone stal..s he has seen thirty thousand |.odHsh taken .it a siush- haul. The I. I'lii;..'*-.'. ,l,.in.|iHl ..f .\^«,.,i,hlv. Nrvvi ||„ii,|. - ('a{il. Caaipli.'ll. |jai,',. Sil. ■T Mr. T,.iii (lltiijiil U,'|Mi-|. I.mis. •I. .Mr. Wlijicnvpi (MllcinI Hi-pnrt. l.<7:l ."> .Mr. .\lwii...|, imnc .S(l. !<■ I'liK' vvv., I!>.p.rl of (.•,jniiiussi„ii,.i. ol |.'i.|i an, I l'i..i|i(.ri,.>, IS7I-7L'. Vilinir.il Clone icmirks ilmt this mcllicid of scininij is strongly roii(lciiiMi'(l liv some iii'isons, wlin sii])])t)s(> tiial it destroys llie sii.iwiiiiif; tisli, aiiil tli.il il is llie i iiise ol tlie diciiiie of tlie lisii, wliieli li.is lUiiTiilested ilselt' for some yeais, even to tlie extent ot' so far iiiiiiiiiii,' tiie fishery as to lead to u notai)l(< dim- iiuilioii ill the iimiiliers eii;ia!^ed ill its pursuit, lie considers. Iiowever, that it is dilliciih to see how this result ran arise from seiniiiij, in ionse(|iience of the wonderful fecundity of the cod, hut lie is disposed to assijrn to other causes, which have hitherto eluded ohseivatioii, the conditions which drive the tisli during one or two seasons Iroin certain shores. '' ' On these and many other inipoitant points heiring upon the ])rcservation of the Dominion Fisheiics, reference may he had to the excellent and <-(iiiiprchensivc summaries which are to he loiiiid ill the .\iinual Deports of Mr. W'hitchcr, the Dominiim ( 'oniniissioiier of Fisheries Fll(»l> tiF Tlir: col). 'I'lii: ( Iri.!'' Ill- Sr. I,awhi;sck. Mr J. V. Whiteaves, F. (i. S., uniimerales, in a Hepiut on a deep sea dredLiiiii; expedition to the (iiilf of St. Lawrence, addressed to ihr Minister of Marine and Fisheries, the lollow- im; Interesting results ; — •' I have examined the contents of the stomachs nf more than oOO cod fishes, taken in ( iaspe Hay, in many phw s on the north shore of the St Lawrence, near the Magdalen islands, \i\ Ihe following li-t will give an idea of the food of this iish, that whidi occurs most frently hcing ]ilaced first. Of course, ohjccts, such as sea anemones, which are entirely soil, c.innol he readilv identiticd. I. Oth( r Hsh, such is sand laiinces, capclin, &c. : I liave loiind a small si>a-lamprev in a cod's stomach. :,'. ("rahs, nl the genus ll\as mostly. ■ ). S(|iii(l, :it ccrlain seasons. 1 Hivalve shells, especially the lidlowing : (,'li/riiiirris silioiiii, C'lrf/iiini Ixliiiiflioiiii, Seirii>'''< fi'rofiihniiliciis, } nl- iliii iininlix and lliiiiihihi. and occasionally other species. h. Biilile stars, very r.irely. generally ()/)/iiiijili'.). and w.is amazed at thr: extraordinary numhers of the miiiNlr shell- 111 llie liiraminifcra liroiig''i up in the 'aiiil Iroiii the hottoiM. It may he ili.it in some cases the ahnndance on the hanks of these microscopic createres, upon which other marine animals feed, may he the jnimary iiiise of the presence of cod in such numhers at these places, Farther up the St. Lawrence, opposite Klvii re dii Loup. Fiiiiripal I )awson iiifoinis me that cod I'l I il largely m: shrimps " 'I'HI: .\ II. .\ si 11 ('i>.\s-|' nf NiiV.\ Si'iiTIV. Dr. Hernard (iilpiii. oi I lalifax. stales that the stomach of ihe end taken on the Xov.i Seolia hanks are usually filled with herring, voung cod tish, Norway haddock small mackerel, var- ious niollucks. the glycemeris, a large hlacl.- conuog and star li-h<-. ' ' rrofessoi \'errill found llie stomachs of cod. taken Irinii the rod ledges, olf Cape Kliz.iheth, Maine, (illed with crahs, I I'iliili'ili' Tiirrii .Niave. |i. .•('••T •-' Triiiwii'liais t Un' .\..\m Smiimi Insiiiiiti- nl .Viiiunil Si-nMii .■. ISi;. l.'iT sliriM,|),s, ai.il s„i,,ll,r s|„.cirs „| ,-nisl..,Ta,i,. will, ,„„.•,. ,„• Irs. molltisca, holotliiumiis. i)|)liiiiii,iis <-tr. " ' I'n-m tills .-inmMslan.v i'n.f, \-,.,,i|| n,Mrl,„l,.s tint .1,,. <-..-l I'iiiijjlit hfic CcimI cliicdy oil cnistiietMiiN. ^ i:tL>. Sir Wvvill,. Tlioiiisoii t,.||H IIS in i|„ii ino.i instnic- tiv ami iMt,.|v,sti.,K w-.i-k, "Th.. IVptlis .,f tlw Sru." timl flM.hmu,. |;.,nl' -ii-.''. Tl„. ,|..,,tl, „r u,,t,T vaiir. IVo,„ 4- lo 100 f,-,tl„„„s. •■Tlic l,,,i,l■ lui.sin- t.\ <;,/,,;.,,. „nr,;i:,;,sl, hu-fX,' .s,,i,|,.r ,.ivil„, s,.Vfnil slM^irs ,.f tlw -.■IIIIW,',,/,,//,,,,. ,|,„| ,„„„_^. ,,f ,,,,, ^,^,||||^ ('/•,/,»/„„ sl,,.i,„|,, S.. aiii].!,- a supply of tl,-ir Favorit,- r..,,,! ,■.■./-/;/./' ,or,.„„h tor ll,r „hi,,„h,,n-r .iinl r..;rl/,,„-r „f //„ T, „ / „„',/ !;„,, ,.„ f/,, /i" liM,i,'ly fiTlilo in m^IiohU ,,f ( ',i,|iM, aii.l llalil.iit wlii. b fivi|ii,.nt it In tl„. „,niitli. .,f \|ay. .liiiw. .Iiilv ali'l .\ii>,'iist." TI,is,i,.s,.ription of tl„. iivlni-s .,,1 tl„. Ifiskoll Co,! Hank appli-s ,.Na,.tly f, tl„. I.anks ,,(r H„. ,.,.ast of NortlhTii Lala-a- i|o|-. l^i-i. Tlic lolldHlnt; ol,M.|v.,lioiis, ,„it of niaiiv that nii^flit !»• inslaiiccl. apprar to show that tho ahsnici. of food is not the (1,1, I ,,;-, ^^.,|_, l..d,.w tl„. av,.!ai,',. in tl„. cxpo.-is of ,v .h tVoin \,.wfon„,l. land. \o|- do the llsl, alw.iys laki^ tho .■.,pl,n wlici It Is will,- in thi'ii- ,,Mch, foi- a.vorilinjr |„ ,1,,. si ucmiait i-f ( oiiimandiT PnMon, of II M, S. Mr,l,„ |S,;-|, 1 ; ..,ho ood «,.,,■ lal.T than ,is„al In niakhi^' ih: Ir appiMi,,,,,-,. in nanihois on tl,,. ,.„asi ; fhotw.MMi H,,ttli- llaih.„ir ami Cape li.ii-iison, laln-idoi-., ■|'lu. capliii w,T,> ahiinilaiit lor a week h,.foii. them, and when fiiv.t tl„. ,-o.l (ish l„.,.,m.. ph-nllfol ,'ah.)ui i(-r!i .liilyMhrv s.M.,mMl glultod with what the fishoimcMi call hoiniii,^.|).ilt, which is a .sort of j.dly (i-h. full of Mack slimy matter, which .so iliscolors tlio cod lish that eat it, and -Ivc ih,n, s,,,!, an olh-nsiv,. -mell, that it makes them unfit to <>at f,csh. 'I'licir was a irrcat ipiaii- tity of it aloiii,' th,- coast this year, am! the cod fish seem,',! to t.dic it ill prele,i-,ii'e lo the lapliii,"' 1. \. !■:. \ciT,ll l!.'M,lts ,,r li,.,.,.|,, ,|,iM|oii,^,^ ,,|| ,||,. ,.,,1^, ,,| >;„„, |,;|||^. ' ■•Till' l)i.|iil,.s 111' 11,,. .S|.,i." |),|.j,. ,;ii ' (ii'nl.iniiiil ,\lii)ja/i,ic I',.!,., 1,^7.".. ; l'io,'f,.iliii^s „r tl„!(li'..l.>Kical.s.„i..iy— I,niicl..i,, l,S.-i;f. I. Ui'iioil ol ('ii|iliiii, 11,1,1,1, li. X., II, Vi. s, P,,I,i,Im. isii,-). )1. lii'iMi-i ..( r,aiii„i,i,,i,.,. |',.e«f,!i, I!. \., ,1,1.', |,;(j|. ||. \| s. .1/,,/,,,. MS At rcrtllill sen .nils of till' vrill. Hc|-|ill!,' if tllr lllltiltn! fooil "f tllr CihI, im.l it i- ililliciilt 1(1 ciilcli lliis lisli (liiiiii;; tii(Hc scllsulls witilllllN nlllir lillil, ■|"lll' lillVMJ ( 'nlllMlisHiolll'l'X 'lH(i;li stJlli' ill tilc'il lv|i,i|l lllllt ( 'ml llll.j I, iilLf lillil lltiu'r Hsll livf lit nTliiiii pi riniU 111' llic ynir iiliiii.^t lAcliisivi'lN nii llcniiii;'. ami tlic\ c-;iii lir (•■ni'u'lit with i|ilti'"ilt\ Ky iiii\ .illi.| ilmii iliTriiir liiiil.' A stati'iiii'iil til till' -.111 tl'rrl will 111' ri'iiiiil iiMi l.'ttiT I'liilidilii'i! ill tile MiTi'lliiiii'niis ( 'iinvsji.iinli'iiri' i|iii'_r'i' j.'l.'i uf tile I'liiti'il Stiili's 1 'iiiiiiiiis^ioiii rs ic]i(ii-t. "I 'ml li\i' .111 ( 'ivilis. Si'iillii|is. niiil tlic jcllii-i nil till' iHittmii. ami a siiiall tisli in tlic t'niiii lit' II Sliiiiii|i, hut tViiiii t'liiir 111' live tiiiii's us liiryi'. jjarirc ( 'ml .'lit siiiall Kldiimli'is, .siiiall I'lillcick am! Iliikiv small ShI- iiiiiii. Sea I'rn-li. ( 'iiiiiiiM's, mill a ^'rrat many tiiinifs fmimi at llic liiittiim lit' tlir wiitrr. lint always iin-fcr tin' lli'iiiiii,'. Siiiiii' I'lmn- in scluinls miil i at tlic Hi'iriiiy spawn. " At I'n- tcrlirail. Sfotlaiiil. mil' witmss -'■' alicu'i'il tliiil mil' ss tlirv ;.'.•! Urn illj; tlli-V Ciilllll lint iMtrll Col ill tllr willl'T srasoli. I'l, ili'ssor '■'iTrill. in a " Krjiurl upon thr lim iti'liniti' Aiii- iiiiils of Viiicyai'il Soiiiiil, ami thr iiiljiii-i'iit wiitci-s. wiili an acc.iiint of tlic PliysicrtI I 'liaiartri's of tin. Idyioii," '■' ' I'liiiiin'- iiitrs pai;!' "ilii till' didi'i-i'iit kiiiils of t'oo.l foiiml liy liiiii ami otliiTs ill llir stiimacli of till' ('.III. ■-iii-li a-, iiiiilliisks, cinstii- craiis. aiiiii'liils. stai-tislirs. \c. ■ 'I'licy swallow lai;.''' liivalvi- shells, ati.l, aft. 'I- iliLTi'sliiiL;' thr coiiti'iits, spit out tli.' slii'lU. wliii'h all' oft. '11 uiiiiiiuicil. 'I'luy aiv also vny fmiil .if Sliiiiiips ami of ('rahs. wliirli tlirv fri'ipii'iiily swallow wlioi... .■\.ii uliciiof laii:'.' si/,'. Thi- liiittli- sU^v■^i•i\n^s i Oplii n rn us/ ail' also miii'li ivlishi'il liy tliciii. 1 liavi' taki'ii lar;;c masses of tllr I l/iliiii/ili"! I" •iri'h'iilii from tlii'ii' sloiiiai'lis oil tlir roasts of M;iiiii' anil l.iihi.iilor ; iiiii! in snim. (■;i«rs llii' sloniach wmilil he (lisiciulicl with the one kiiiil iiiiiiiixcil witli any ntlirr looil." Uil. It appears I'liiiii the (•> pi'iiciicc of all ((iniitrics, « here cold water fisheries are e.^teusivelv ciirie.l on, tli.it ilic licr- riii^ anil the cajilin are essential to i oiitiiiiicil success. :uiii that when those Init tisli ,iie nut I'ouinl in aliuiiil.iic c, there the .nil fisheries will i,Miuliiallv ihvimllc into iiisii;iiitic;uiie lint the cunveise pinpositioii is l)V iio iiieims true, iiiiiiielv, that when the licrriiu; is foiiml thcie the cod lisheiies will he iiliiiiiilaiit also, for on the coasts ot nortlierii Maine the lierrini^ is almii- iliiiit. Net the col scarce. This prohahly arises fioni the tact that the cod leipiirc in ihcir s,\,sun oilier four- of fund, which the coastal w.iters of New I-',ni;liind dj not now produce, other- wise there cuiiUl sc.rcelv he such a dearth of cod as is sl.Ucd to exist. 'I'lu'se arc doiihlless the aiMdronious species which have heen destinved in the manner descrilied in otiii'i.il p.ipers. It iniist 1)|. home in mind, loo, that the cidd waiei sea .-iiea on the loasts of New Lnyland are not sidlicieiil ly e\ti'nsi\e to admit of rcciipi'i-aflon in the t.wp of a eoiistaiit drain. ll reipiircs the iii- exhaiis.ihle and ceaseless su|)plies ot t'ood wliiii come throuyh such favoridilv sitinted localities as the Str.iils of Belle Isle, the (iilt of'C'aiiso Mild on tic south shore ot Newlouiiill.ind. to kecji lip a pereiiiii.d supply when siihjecled to ce.iseless atlai.ks Two and eve;, Iliree In. idled vears ol siicli attacks upon the schools of c(«l fie(|iiiuiliiiif those tavoreil hieedini; and leeiliiii,' iirounds, have not siicceedeil in imikiiii; much iinpips-i.m there, w hen the in- cieasiiifj niimher of '.shernieii and the improved nature ol their iiiipleiiients of destruclion are coiisideri'd. lim this p.merto I. H.i|. .|! .1' III.' Kmv;.! (■ .mini"! iii.Ts .111 III.' |i.tiiU ii n! ili.' .\ri> !■.■- iilill;! I-. Tl'.ovliili,' I'.ir ll.Tiil i, ..a llii- c ii-l ..t Sr lliui.l. IS.V!. '2. .Sea KisIieriH.* (-.iiaii.js-si.iii. ;;. U.,|i rl ..r I', .s!. (•i.iniiiissi..i,..r "f l''i-li iiicl Pi-lwn.'s. ' I'lMf. s|, \-\ III. nil I |s:i-7_'. |.iiM,. \>'.ir, ISSI I reiiiiit the di-nii, hiImcs (Voiii ii pcciilijrl*' t'.ivor.iUlp i{ri.i;r,ii)l,iMil p.)Mtinn wlilcli hiiiii;, „,v» iiiid Inml I'loin (list, nil n ich in .iiie foiiliiii.i'd tiiid iippiiiciiMy iiiidlniiuislicil siiciiiii. Hiil \\\y*v I'av- ori'd R|H>t« otK-r no ex^.-wt.t' (i>i- adoplina ilic opli.ion th;ii oihcr lo: apt simile, before (]uoted, fpajje xiii the lard out of the bucket with such huge scoops that there will be so,M, none to fake.' liut the use of purse ..eines in takinir mackerel In the sprinj; is doln:; a double Injury. \x this season ol the year the sehools are "taklns; u|) their line of niarcli at sue eessive epochs," I" accordini,' to teniperafnre, and approachinp tlie coast to spawn It is the boast „f the .\ineriean fisherman that he cm be-in in sprlii!,' in \'iri,'Inian waters and follow up the .ipproachln.!,' srhocds all aioni; the coast to the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the liay of ( ■haleur, and take « ill, his pnr.se seines the fish aliont to spawn : and it was Professor Uaird's privllef ll.ivr l.iiil rlli'il 1'1,'if . Mill llnii i'\|)i'i tiiij; to li:ivr tlir stfiik inn- tiniinl imlrlliiiti'K. " " As well liii^lit tin' Ciriiirr rxpn I In \irv\t lip lii-- supply III' vlieiit yiMif l>y vi'iir, wliilc lii> ('(iiiln'rv it no I'M'i ption in tlic rule ul ilrpliiioii Ah h K«liiii'.{ ijroi.iiil, till' (ironjc's Slio.iU AM' liiit of yi'ilcriliv. It ilot-s lint iMiiliriicr ill its history us a ImhIiu'ss (■illi'iprisf, n ijrciiirr iiiiiiihri of ili'caili's tli.iii tin' roil lislirrii's of Iti Mr Nlc. ( ',111^0 .mil ilif (iiaiiii ItiiiK'i coinpri'lii'iiil of crntiiiii's lis lir),'iliiiiiii{ ilatis Irom llir close of llio i;i>iii'i'atioii just ]iiis«(il iway. It is not iiimii moii' tliaii lliiily or forty years olil, anil ii. llic Iii8t few yrais o( its cxislcnri' liaiiliiit luriniil tlic rliirl I'utrli "•' It in not iiii|Mnli,ili|i thai llir c ium' of ilic iiici'CHHin({ wcaltli of iral Hsli on (ieoiiji's ShoaN alter llie year ISIM iirosc Iroin ilip ilestriiition of llic lialihiit, « hit li ijave tlie c'od a lielter iliame. With ihe (U'cliilf of tlie halilinl the rod have iiincaseil. Mill SI his the wiiifer Hsiiin:{ tieei. Ill lS|() tiiis lleel eoiii- jiii-nl hill twenty-nine vessels ; in 187;( two hiiii(liiil anil (ilty sail were eiiiiaijed in the hiisiness. hiit the returns eoinp.irecl with those from the (iranil Itanks are very sinill. The avevai;e vahl.'.lion ol the Heel now eiii,Mi,'eil in ihe ( ieor^e'r. winter lish- ery is $il,U()(l. '•The trips hroiiijht in iliirin;{ llii' hest pot of the season will aveia^'e ?>T,OI), ,i\v\ storks of from $1, ')()!) to i<'i,0(IU are not nnlVeipieiii. while the (iiaiiil Hank Fishery, comparatively a new hram h of Inisiness, ofieii (liseoinilN from •iis.i.llIM) to ijil.tHMl on a single trip " !•!(> 1 he (Jeoiife's Fishery is piirsiicl at fearful risks, ipii;e V ) Ninety-three ve-sels anil ~0H lives lost in ■I'.i \ears, in one isol.ileil hraie'li of li-hiiiL; iinlnstry, is a sail lint speakini; leeoril. The loss of life anil properly on ( iooine's {''isiiin:; ShoaN is upwards of one half of the entire loss of the li-liini; indiisliv ol llir poil oi ( ilouceNlri' Ihe Shoals are ninel\ sea miles Irom the nearest land. l''ehrii.ny, Mareh and April are iheihiel lishin;; months, and at tin' host it is an industry pur- snril under Lfieit djilirillir-. priv.ilions ^nd risks. '•' 1. •• l-'|.'li..;iiiini- M. ■Ill . rial aii-l II iii.l-il ...!(, ' (in .r;,'i' II. lV..rlrr, (ii.iiir.'s- l.'i, ISTil. ■J. Mill jiii;;" Til, :i. •• III iiti.illii'V |ilft'>., ia llii'-.. Intel's. inU'ii'-liiii,' jinriii' iliirs in r>'iiitirii t'l Ihis ll-liMvy iiiiiy til' f'Uiii.l. nii'l mil mi; tin' slalisijcM ,.r ih,' liiisiiii.s< ||ii. nnii'l will'hvi'll Willi jiaiiil'iil "iinti iiiK ii|iiiii llii' list i.l' \h wlm luive r'aiml in it a w.iiery ijiioe, lunl itN 1 mi aaUii >\vii cii'l ; I'.ir im li'liii^s ,>vi.r ('.tini' fV'iiii I III' iiiissiii.' til' Tp's lis|ii'i'iii"a. An leniMial uiist'iir.' ;;iviis ri- • l" f iiilul a|r |iv''ln'ii-i. »i|li mII llirir ~aii r ai.si'- i|iii'iii'Hs. (""iistiliili' II seri 'lis lii'iiwlini'li iiji .11 Mi>' "lln'rwiai' liii|'|iy |ir i»|ii'iil\ .if llii' llsln'rii's "I (ll'Hiii'«ti'r." '• I'/if /■'la'ieuM 11/ (Jlmitflir." •■ N .twillistmiiliii<; llni liiiw niiiiil.cr "f iiii'ii frmi llii» lnwii ((ilMuri'.stiT. Mris^ .1 wli'i s*.r\fil ill lln' iiviiiy and iiiivy ilnriii;; Ilii' n-l I'liinM. Ilii' irss nf lilr Iri'iii lilt' cnsieiltii's ..f war wnri' fur less tlinii tlie l-.s-t-s at sen fur llif snnn' |n'iiiiil 111 liiiii'. Tlii'i'i' well- iwi liiiinlri"! ami I'lylily-lwn lives Inst In llie II liiiii; l.ii.aili| Iniv iiilimiiil Iml 11 U\\ yeais 1 iiitii'V." *• h'itttivnhHii's \t '"tiitii till mill tii'iiii'il ttiHih " Ill W itii Hill li II icrord nf mhtow anil mifrrriiiK ub the liiMldiy 1)1 lln" (iooiKrs Coil iiikI ll;ililiiit Fiilicrv jirpsi-nlii, it is not Hiii'priHin); lliiil HtrriiiKiiiii cflmts xlionlil have been iiiaili* to wciire nil t'qiiiil |mrtial tu a'ji'ii'iiltiiii' ami iiiiiiiiifarturrs vvlliillv lllK'niiiii'i'tnl ujlli till' I'lillili;,' nf a tislii'i'inail. Ill lanyiiij; mit tliis .ilijiTt, tlir ('ml ami Markiii'l llslii'rirs lus a sDiii'ci .f fi ail' of Irss iiiiiMii'taiiri' tliaii tin' Miiiliaili'ii tlslli'l'N as II Sdlll 'I'r uf nil ami tisji i^'iiiiiiu, m tl II. lisll is ill fiini rprinlai slillrt'l' nf fl't'sll fniiil. tisll nil llllil ylllllln. lull as n||< It Upon tlir ntlll'l'. till' ili'sti IH'linll nf till' ^llppli^ M iishi'il liv Ihi' .Mi'iiliaili'ii mill tin 111 iij;. ili'sli till I'l'ssiliji' supply nf till' I'lass nf li^liis iinillisliiil by tlirlil. Till' cnjil Wati'l' sra aii'll slililiinlill;; till' i-nasts nf llii I mil Stairs is ipliti' illsllllil'iillt tn sllpl Iv till' ili'iiiamls nf till' ai'iiciiltiiiisl. till' niaiiiifartiii'rr ami tlii' li-'liciiiirii. ami III I'iat mil tn till' I'll wiitir rniiimi'ii'ial IisIu's, iIh' intriisis till' tislniiiii'ii ail' siu'iilici'il In llmsi' nf iiinrr pnwcrfiil imlils- trii's I'i'pri'si'iitril liy aj,'i'iriiltiin' ami inaiiiifai'tiiii nil is I'ssi'iitial In iiiaiiy iiininifartiiriii;.' pinci'ssi niaiiiiri' is iii'i'i'ssarv fnr Wnvii mil sniN, ami tl Animal artitii'ial ii'si' ail' siiii- pV till- rnastal wiitris nf tlir I'liiti'il stall's, tlii' Hsliiiii' I'li illlrli'sts Innkill^' tn llli' cnasld llrls nf Hi'itisll Allll'lica in lirnllp tlirm Sl'llS ill till' fill' till siU'llllfr 11 f till iiiii'iiial wi'a til nf tl ■nililrls wliii'li Will' fni'iiii'i'ly SI) iiliiimlatit tln'ii'. Till' iiitcnialiniial lri;isliitinii. wliirli is imw lu'iii;; riniriirii'il in Ky till' Kiijjlisli ainl Nnrwi'Lriaii (luMTiiiiii'iits, I'm- tin' pintiT- tinii nf till' Harp Si'al. is imt Lasnl iipmi a liiiiiiaiii' ■ I'lrvrii- tinii nf ( 'rmlty tn Aiiiinals," imt npmi tlir wants nf tlii' Jiiti' iiianiifactiii'i'is ulm aii' ili'pi'mlant iipnii aiiinial nil fnr tlir I'lnryiiij,' mit nf mii' nf tin' pm I'ssi's iiivnUi'il in tlii'ir iniliisti'v. Ill till' I'liiti'il Stall's till' liiiiilirivr atnl llir iiiaililfae'tiirri' iniu iitiii;,'l\ iiiiliiili'il till' nun nf tlu' Ni'W l'ji;,'luni| ('ml lisliiiiis ; till' niaiuifarlnii'i's nf arlilirial nnuiiii'r ami tisli nil.'i ui'i' I'Xtriiiliii;^ this I'vil in a intaiiy iliHi'ii'iit ilii'i'i-tinii. ami, in |iiii',\ nullifying; tlii' I'Hiiil- inailr tn ri'^tniT tin astal \Vatl'|•^ In tllrir nl'itjinal wraith nf I'niil wali'l lisll. .lust as till' liinilii'i'i'i lias ili'strnyi'il tlir anailrninniis spicii's, with till' iHi'i't sn wi'll ilcsi'i'ilii'il liy llir I'liiti'il Statis ( 'niii- inis-.iniii'i nf l''isl, ,'iml Kislii'iii s, sn ail' tin' tish ;;ininn' ainl iisli nil uianiifarliiiris iiiriiliinj; tlii'iiisi'U rs. iint nlily at tlir r.xpi'llsi' lit till' Mi'iiliailrii ami llrniiii;, Imt nf tln' ntlii'i' spi'riis whii'li ili'pi'inl nil tlii'si' fnr foml, wlii'tlur in thr fmni nf tlwiuliilt tish nr as spawn m- fry. Tlii' iinliistry is, as wi'ii', Imt nf yrstiiilay, lirvi'ithi'li'ss, it lia-' ali'i'iiily rrai'linl i,'i;,'«iitir prnpnrtiniis. ami I'liiplnys an aiiiniint nf capital ainl laliniir Urariiii; tm iiutmi- siili'ialili' ratin tn that i'iii|iliiyi'il in tlii' ilii']) sea Hslu'iirs. Tlir tiaili' is t'.xti'iiiliiij,' to fnn'ii,'ii cmintrii's ami exports nf tish 1,'naiin havi' alri'iuly lii'i'ii mmli' fnmi jinrts in Maiiii'. I'-' It can lint 111' sniil that this has nn hrarin^' uimn thr \aliii' nf the I, Iti'imrt nf tlio fl.iiiimi'sioiiiT "f .Xgi'ii'iillui'e, IST.'i, II',' iimi('H«i((n made 111 tlic I'liilcil Sinfr-n nf tlic rii'cddtn of our roimliil w.\|pi» iiiiil ihi- liljcrfy to ncriipy the utriiiiil to takr Hull If it muki's till- I'liitt'd Slatot FMiiiin IiiduHlrv in Itrili'.li Aiiii-i'iiiiii wiitrrs |)ii)lltiil)li', .mil iit tlio »imo tiiiii' in'ituili llic IIkIi oil iinilfiiili ^iiiirio in.iiiiil'.ti'tiirorM to piir^iu' lui iMiiiiicntlv ictiiMiicrulivr liiiiiiiii'iiH, ihf vidiir of tin' coiircHsiDii on thin f^roiiiid .doiii' iiiiiNt III' I'lioriiioiin Till' fiiiliiddiiix ■>' ''>■' ii>tri)diii:tii>ii of nonl oil, iiUIioiikIi it i« II piodiiri of ilif KOii, licciiiiHt' till' crfiiliirr yicldiiiK it in not tpiliiiirally a (i>li, shown thr iiii|ior(iiiir(> attached lo auiiual oil Iroiii uhali'viM soun iMli'iivi'd, and inav lir iciijaidi'd an an inih'X ol till' valui' astiKiii'd in the etliiient pioteition ol the tinh oil induMtry. I'lIK Ml'.MI \|)K\ ImiI SIHY. I.'W. The followiim tahle hIiowh the eondili^.i of tlie nnn- hailen Knh oil and tfiiano trade, I' ' i\» ri-preti'iited liv oni" Anso- liatioii. naini'ly, •' Tlii' I'liilcil St,ite» Menhadrii Oil mil (iuiiMo Amiiiiialion." J ear. \'"]s\\ raiij{ht in harrels. 187.1 l,l!»!» 1874 ,')(),!»7iJ 187". .);j,«23 Oil made — in Kallont, 1S7;1 '.'.^JU.HOO 1M7I :(,.n.'.H;n IHT'^i ;.',(i81.4Ht 1874. 187.-.. Fartoiirs (14 tid .Mm employed :.'4.{8 ^>ti».! SailiiiK Vessels M-i :!0l .Steamers 2o ;!!• Capilui iiivestiil ■ . .*',>,")()(),()(l() .«t',>,(i.")(l,(MI() It is not the li^hermrii « l.i alone diiiiinisli the value of the waters nt tlic Uniied States as food p; idiieers, it is the a|.nicul- tiuist, the manilfartiirer, and thi" liiinherer If the supplies di- reitiy or inilirei'tly alFordiil hy Rri:isii .\iiieriean eo.istal tisherit • were suddenly annihilated, the elfeil of the enipiiries institii'id under the direetion of the United States Cominissioner of Fish anil Fisheries, wonh! lie at oiiee diverted a^'aiiist the Fish Oil and Fish (iiiano in mufaitiiiers, as well as the liiniherini; and other interests, which h.ive so diminish d the anadroneins spcrics , . mil destroyed the ( 'od Fisheries on the New Fitiijl mil ( oast. \Vh;il with the rav.iifr^ of the liliie lish and the dein.iiiils of the Industrial interests nanieil, the drain upon the United .'states waters is far hevonil the natural resources of the limiteii area in which the <'od, the Hake, the Halihiit and other deep sea fish are sousjiit. Hence recourse must lie had to Hritish .Vnerican waters, nr the open sea remote from the coasts ot tlie United States, anil liait must lie ohtaineil to secure remunerative fares. Without this hail, the Kshery would he commercialiv impossible, with it, it liei onies not only icmiineralive luit permits those s|)ecial tisheiies which have lish oil and lish guano as their ohjec.t, to l;o on wilhonl that legisl.itive interference which would otherwise he invoked hy a powerful iiileresi coiitcmplaliiig impending ruin and discerning its cause I. Ke|«irl ot till. (' >iTiiiiis>i.MiiT of \!;rii'iilliirc. I.S7.'). Sfi. al- i tin' Ki'- |Mii. "f 111.- •• liiilf.l Slut.- M..|iliii l.'ii ml ail. I iliiiiii . \-s .ciiili.m. ' I4S l.«» It «,,,.,.,„., (n„„ p,-,.r,.,lin« p,„„Kr«,.l„ rl.af the ,„.„,. croiiH ititer..«f, which th.^ jr„i„,,| s,,„,.. i . AVr<_n,„,e oC,h..H,h,.r,M,„. who,,. „hj,.,, i, „, „h,.,i„ „ ' "' '""■'•■"• ""' Mn,..o.l,.,.,iv.. .e« «rcu „.lj«oc„t 1 :,',:"";•:' " V":-"- ''"■■ oCh. a«.i,.ult,...., a„,I ' ••:,•"';''''';'•'' ''•"■iHc'li.u.im.l oil i,am.ro«Hi„. o.Jho„ ~ ;""" '"' "'" '"'"'"•'■'•^ "'"' ■"-"'-"n..r, who«c .7 '""''^*' '" ^' -•--i'l<--'.l.- -x-nr , i,.,nK.,io„ of ttit! aiiailroiiioiii sp,., i,'s o( (ish fi,h.!i"""'''T '!'":'■ '"' ""■ ^'"•" "-'' '""''""^ "•• •!"• »i"t«-' Ar, T' ""■^""'l"""""'."hi..ha„M.h.,,.,l ,0 M,i,iKh S, 7; ''^'"■'■""-•"■"' "■• • l.nvil..«,.,l ,.„joym,.n, hy Uni..Ml Na..; hsi„„.,n..n n.ak,. rhnir ..„„„,.,■ ,i,i...,,. i„ ,„„,H.„,:,. „,,t.-rs. I'o'til.l.,- a» a (cuMn-nial ..Mfcrpris... /'V/M._| |,oH,. „,■ ,h,. S,a„.. whirh .all to, ;,„! to „>ai„.„in ";'";;:,'" ^'^""^ ''■•'•-' -i." «™i,.ai ,i....ii,u.. 01 ,1.., p.. ""V " ■•";"""•'■'■'"' "'"iM.. wl,i,h is s„,,ain...l l,v ,h.. ,l,.,.p >ca and (oastai Hshciios. The oly.,.tan,l effort of „„. pa„ of .h. Mu;y .laus., ol « i.-aty ot VVa.h,„KN„, „.,. to ,.,.,|.. ,„ ,1... Tnit..,! Statos .-.■ pr-vloK.., ..,.,1 oppo,,,„.i,i.. whid. arc hos, (iteed to oxtond 1 '» s,u...o,nan,l s,Htai,.i„K I-ow.m m ,1... several i„,or..sts „a„„..l. l«--ar.nnhodi,.d in .l„.n,„,.,.ssio„ ofth.- „s,. of th. stra„,l a„d ,'■■:•'">■""•"" '•■•I'" "-i.i|.at,n„i„,h,. straml fisiuMi,., • alM. ,n t... ,.o„,...s.ion whirl, s,.,.,,.,.. ,h,. ..njov,„..„t of ,1,.. '-'sU (.sh..n,.s. and the ,...o„o„.i,.al proM-rutJon of ,hr de,,, H-a h«h,.r„.H. with the mnans providr.! hy th,- ,.«o of thr s„and ;';;;,.;.!;'" ^"■■"""'^ i-^. '..K.'.in.,- wi,h hai, p,.o,.,„..d i„..oas,,,i ■''';",''"' ":^""/ ""■ -'--t ^..■.•i.i..dan.,|,.p,.„da„, ' '"';^'>'-a^t„r,l„.i,. „,,,,„ -1-1,,. rold uat,.,' s,.a -;y'';'' -"'in.' n,,. I^,i,,,,| s,at,.s is al,o,..th,.r iMM,.H..i..n, to : 'l;. tl„.,..,.„td....ps,.ai„d„s„.yw s, l„. snst,alm.d. "" "-'"n;,;;.'oundt,.,C,„|,„„|i,.,,il.r. Halihnt and ir,.ni„.. "'■'; """ ':'"""' "'"' ''"■■'! i" '^nit..d st.,..s w„t,.,-s. ,„. i;' "'"'■'■-'H I n,t,..l States ..oasts. Hnf as has „ .shown n„ 7"^ "";-•■" -"Hn.lVi.ishA .iran coast, in,.,:;;.,: Mo.av,an M,.ss,ona,y Station a, n,.|„„n to Cap,. Sal,!., in Xova ,":'"""•:!";'"""•■ ' ""• '^i^'-„l of N,.wfoMn,liand is on.. ,.o„. t-- sh„,,,,.o,,,,df,,,.fod. ,.,.s ., to .;o it i. ,,„. ,"""/""'"' ■'"■'■|"i""-'<'-"oHl„.mpo,.,ionsofth.. '"'';''"''"'■ '• '^ '" "'i' "-^ Hshin,,. ^n„nn.l fm ||,,,in.r |, ■sals,M.,.ontinno„s strand lis|„.,.v. ,.x,.„p, ,vl„.„ tl„. sho,v is s ...■p-t... a ..n,. this ontin. r.nst |i„,, ,W,i..h in l,.„;.tl, is „,o,v '"■'",;'""'''" Ii^'""<-" "-•fossth.. Atlaxti.. l„.,w,,.„ \,.w- '"""•"",'"' '•""I '-^-'n-'l. •••'.'•th,. p,„.pos..s„fa.t,■and■|ish- '■.•.^• an.l tl„. p,„..,„.i„. of l,ai, i„ all its fo,.n,s dininj, dittVivnt s..as..ns ,|„. ,.„ti,v „.n,,h of availahl,. n.ast lin,., M,av in- '•lifl.will m.h.niations, and lh..s,. wiljsuvll its , ,v.Mt,. I.'.n.rth t., r.,n.s,.|..ml,ly n,..,.. than ,|o„l,h. ,,h,. .listanc.lu.tw,,.,, M,di- tax an.l San I'Vaniis..,,, o,- „„„•.. than ..,|„al .„ th,. spa.v whirh s..paint,-s .\,.„- ^o,|< fici, (.■onstantin..pl... It is shown also m iif tl I i)a^'..s 2! I to -A-l that tl 11' watiTs washing this (.oast I II- LTlVatlT pnltiiill in... .It' s ntitc n.lin;; it, is tin spaw!,inir fr,,„„„| „f n,„ ,.,„| „,„, ,„, |,^_,^, .., .^ .^^ ^^1^^^ ^1 """ ' ■'' "♦■'' i^ 'li'- ■^I'Mwnin- LTinnnd of tl„. H. lown irrr^^z^ m ""• I'l'iniici- ill \vlii,.|, |i„. c,,,! hilH. mid thf FInl l-'isli trilu. ^p;!\vii. ill,. IV cm 1„. no .loiilit i!,;it tli,. Lnliimlcir ciinviit. wliicli is pivxs,..! (Ill the ciiLsls of Noitliiin AliMTicti, l.v Mir lofiiiinii nf thr .•nrtli, iiisiiiuat.'S it>ilf inu, , v • rv iiil,a iiihl luiv. mill is fiii-litnl with til,. Hsli iivii ,.t' tlios,- s]),-,-i,.s wlms,. sjunvii lliiMts.s,i|||„( iliii-iii;;(lirsrvfniis|)ii\viiin;;sciiMiiisii linii;,rsili>\vii with its i-iiiiviit n cniitiniiiiiis stivani dt'iivii. imt milv fioni m-- ■•'■ssilii,. tishiiiy; -inuiiils, hut m!s., finiii iiir-slinivs,.ii invas whm It i* iii'Hv than lirnhahlr iiiiiiMTi.iis m^IiiuiIs . if tish spawn in iillt-iclr watiTs, Thp fishiTiiirn of thi- Uuitoil States atrcct lo consirhr the nniinaiy iiictlio.ls of lino fisliins; a- h.>loni,'ini; to an ohsolotc 1' li-al, and (les( ivediy icliniiiiish.'d for thi> superior and nmn' .■Ifcctiial (raw) or hiiltow. Professor Haird has well oxposrd tile amazing folly of killing; thp spawniiisr fish, and the aliMiidiint I. 'SI .nony introdiired in llu> chapter on " I'ho Cod " shows how l.iri,'idy spawning lish ine taken liy the trawl or hnlti.w system. It may lie an iminovcnicnt in (at(liin>> the Hsh. hut it ruins the schools, wlicn used dinin^r ihcir spawniiiir season. It is like the traps on tlie New England coast ; enorinoiis (pinntiti<'s ol (isii are taken Uy these en-^ines of destruction, hnt these, joiiillv with the harrins; of the rivers, have ruined the coil tlslieries- It rcsenililes the use of purse seines lor lakiin; M.nker.'l in the sprinjr All tlmf period „( ;lu- year they not only encircle and destroy iiiniimerahle spawniiii; Hsh. Inil also vast (piantitios of imiualiirc tish and reduce || e schools to -iiteclion and preservation of the food-tishes of the coast of the Cnited States," which hocamo law on tlie ilih Kehriiary, IS' I. The preainhle stales: — " Whereas it is asserted tli.it llie> most va'iialile food lisiies of the coast and the lakes of ihe 1 iiite('. Slates are rapidly diminishing in niiiiihers, to tlar p:ililic injiiry, and so as mateiially to atlect the Interests of trade and cominercc : — 'riierelore,"' \-c. 'I'lu: results of the eiKpiiry arc staled ill the general siimii.ary of nsiilis given .in ii.igc wwiii. (d' the Ke|-,iil of the ( 'ommissioiier of Fish and {•"islieries. Ii will siilRi'C to give tv.-o of ihese coiiclilsioiis : — I '' I he alley:cd ,'(>creasc in the niimher of food li^hes in tin's,, waleis .V ithin the |).ist fe ..• years his liei-n full.' siili^taii- li.itcd '■ II. •' Ihe .-iioic fishes have Iieeii dccre.isiiig dining ihe past In (Mily years, gradually at first, lint much more alirn|)tly from ahout the year lS(i.», the reduction liy the yea.r IHTl Ixiing so gr.'.it as cntiiidy lo prevent any successful summer fishing witii the hook and line, and leaving to the Iraps ami pound., the hiir- den 'd siipplyiiiy the markets. This st.itcment appliirs also, Init perhaps to ,i certain e\li nt, to the liliH.'-lish. I'he ilecreaM' in their nnniheis Ijrsl ni.milested ils(.|f almi,; ten _\,-.ii, ago, and is going on (inife rapidly until now." \ iiiiide of lisliing may liecnmc ohsolete uheii it is super- seded hy one that is liettei adajited to the end in \lev , hnt a riiiiuiiis iiu'lhod i not a l"ttor method, althoi.gh it may secure :eiiip.ir.ir\ giiii I lie n."!' of fre»li Iiimiiiil; hii' in place of llj f'"' '"""'':"'"" '-••"'■ "M,-,.si, I,,,..;,,.. i„ ,.,„,, „,.„„,„, '■I.'m>, „aM .ini.mv,.m,.Mf in ll.,. ,ii,l,f ,|i,,,.,i„„ '•nne,h,h.so.n,lle,l...liv..,. ••„,„„. „i,.„|„.,,„, ,,„.,, ■N --0 I..-«..U. ,.s,.,l as WiMo,. ..,..1 .,,,1 h,,| r.l,„ ,h..M, t:T;^ '*':''■■."''-''''''•'--''-■• ''air into W' . We..,..o s w,„,.. .o, Hsl,.,,, ,H.u.lH,e.ins i„ F,.l,n,a,v b "- the ,„..nl,.I..n l.ave ..„,„. ,.on> .h.i,. „,,„.., , ;, " ;; 1-p wato,- ort the coast. It is to Xewfoun.llanl and Ne -u„.k , a, „H. U„i,e.l States ti.,,enncn a,. in,l...,„..r W ;:;:„;;;:,:"" '-- "-■"• '^-^<^-^ -- ^^^'-^ ^^i^'-''-; -^ » .It J{„ti-I Vmcnn.n h.^heimcn ...v atle- 1- I, 1 1 , ' "'•fl'i^ss lo lecaDtiilalc «li-.t .s.-ea.^..., i,, ,.,.,,,, ,,,.,,,^,,,,,^ Milt i„ (lie spcial indii.st.v to «1,!<', I,,-,,,. i ,."i!:.;:::;';:;:::':::.;:i:;;™;:;^";;;r;''*'-"-"ii'- iiultice to eoiir u( e w il •• ,■ Jnme, W \fl .'">lation f,„,„ ,|„. Re,,,,,, „,• m,. ^ -^ t P V !" r "'" "'"'"' '""^■''^^''' '-""■>• of .he laws I- he,.n notahly so thn„.,hont the rnite.l States' •: necessary laws eslaMuS bv V " ''"""'■"'"■"^-"""l'"' s,rvc, the r, I .'"""' *•> ^"'venimrnts temlin- to ,„c- '• I'iiw .■tiiii ii,.,„„.] for IS7.T7,-,, .1 III,. -f •'^. '''iiiiMis,i,,ii,.r. ,,n.'i.|, ,„„| |..i,|, iSfr al INDEX. Mlnnm. I)i-.. on ll.-m-in- S|, iwri. IW K,.,n„.r „„n,l„.r „„ ,|,„ S^^K,,^^,^:.:^"'; l\ llri'iit iiriii,.n.iiin! of . ^"""•''"'■•"•■^■- •'••"" «i«wnin„ofr;;ri;,M;u: • Pllvt's IIhv A.m,i,-.,,Mu-s,,..ei,.,„n.-i.i,. (N...f,„;,:„:„:: ,;:::;;,„' Hi-pi'"ilcn.-n .pf, „n iiriiiKrnii|,i,..l '•'"iiiiHiniratirjii wiih Hivi.is s " "'■I'liiivil l,y othi-r S|„ ,.i,., '\^,.i "■inliT piirsiiit ,,f, f"rl,i,l,l,.',i "t,'," "'''''-I' •■Vinciii'nn Ki,sli,.n,i,Mi ,s Si«i,.„ienls l,y I'nilVs.vui- |l„ir,l ii'.s|.i'i'iin^r An,lr,.«.,M. »•.,,,„ Uu- r..l „n.MA„^ ].iZriZ.f li'planil |.„, '""■'•■'■•' '"'"»•* f"i-'l'"f"i-n„.tiunu!;',„,il,;.Ui;."' Atwuo,i,,.,p,..,,,,n,Hi„,,„,ui,,;,„f',h;:™H;nfM;,;.k-''''' I'ri'l in r. S. wftt.Ms >(| On ilack.Tel Si„uvninK n.ni Mark'.,',';' ' An»i«.H,, His lr<'»M..l l.y, to (.■o„,inissi„ner K. Ji siiiiw,.||. „f j,„ii„., r. s, in ivi.Kion to tl„. ,l,.,.iii r e,,]' ,, ^^'^""'"^ 10, J! iliw Mnli'incnt with rot,',,,-.! to th,' CkI I':\vn,|,li||i-„tiun of i'iinni-iiit,.,| hy I-', 11 llii' IVit„M|.li. l>. "•■"lollhinkih,. Ilnltiw ..hjiM'tion- )lh||. lfi»Con.l,.mn:,ti„nof th.. A,-t„f tiik- ' ill*,' f^l'iiNvniny Kisli ■^iiW»l ions with ivi;ni.,l lo h|.i,igi„:, ' l'"'l< 111.. I '0.1 to .v,,„. Kn«h„„'| Shoivs, , "is l{..|,m,k.,o II the ll..|-ii,ij; 47 Hi- H..ni.-,i-k.s on tl,e|.;,vh,.,i,t'i„',',",|'a Kishiry Ili.^ Hornaiks on tliu Dwli,,,' ,','i\'{,f. '" ■'>■"«• i:,i«laii,l (\„| I'isln^iie,. x^. l'iini'i|ih.H hii,| down l,y ,] ItelVivi,,.,. i.,|,i, Vi,.«,"![,,,p,^;j„'^','|''^ .Movi.|„,.„isof Coi-iaj,, |..i.,i|, |.,. lli»Vi,.wswith l!..f..rfn,'i. to ihB tak- iiiK'"f .Spawninx l''isli i;)ii, m lli« Vicwa as Id th,. f,,i„o of tl,,. U,l ,„ , ., <■!'"» "'■ l'..'^. Coastal nsh,.ii,.s. u., '■ '"■ "''" ' • '^^ '■ mi,sioi„.r ol Kish «n,l V,.Ueno..) ' ■'■""■'; ;;f '•—!„,„,„,,„,.„ i,s„,..,,. ,,.„,'■'- '■■'''"•"• ''"'"I'"" !'■ I) is,„"|.'i,i, ' l»""l' -Si'ii Ki;".v"f,,.,.,„,i,.Hf,„. fj,,nl; n,|„„i„, I,', ,"""""'"'•'""'■• I'.v th,. r„.,„.|, i,„„|, |,.|„.„ I,;, "••n-in,,r. in .V..,vfo„n,||a,„|, |„.ir.. of ,,- Vai'ios with til- S,.,,s.„i, ' '"■lii'*li-.vi"rnil,,ISiat,.s ,„ M. Lavoi,. on "** l.ipMt. I'. ,1,. (lro..ft',„,"fhi,n ".; ''" Oiliiirof. tiioliir,. t iC„| „■ -Volml Unit (iroiimls " Kuioof Halt to ,.ftt,.|,' .'.'.■: ';'' '''•«-"ni.-iaii,nontofti,..s,,,,,,iyof,w:;;,M;;m,;, ■ •l">I.S. IVhin« Marin,. ,.,, l.iviiiKiin.l l»™,|... '-' l.ivi.iK I-" i)..a.i ZZZZZZ' 'f 111 Kiirjiie. '-** livlanJ ..'.!'!^'.!"^^ '^;' Xorwnv '•' ... I'll) Anicriiaii U'alers I'-'i'im.u-,., v,;iL of ri;,;-,;,,;,,;, -,;-;--;-- _^;^ 1^^ sol. I at Ii..iil ,..,„„_ ';'-J '^1.1.11 iim, of, off thu Coast, of th,: r;,i„;,rst„;..s.i;!.'. Slfaitsof l!,.||,. M,, ,,., "nth, Cniwnls in th,. Kst,i,„y ,,| " I, ,1 , , . ""'■'^'' ''""■i'"i Ml "■"'•'''"■^"■■•"-'■•'•■"tin P,. „.,iv,.„„.. ,„ ', l>iit,.s of t|,st ar,ival of CmI j,, ,1,,, o.j l.rav..lCo,|,.„„staii,ly|„|,.e„l,itl,„ •"» ln.po,.tan,.,.of,a, al',.,viinin|K,>|,in,, stiiti.iii ... iiistinf.„isi„.,i f..,-"tii,:"Kr,;;,t „,,;,,;. '^ .. |, ,, ,„ , ,. . ''"'" ''••"I'i''lifmn,ltl„.n, .. („; IWl..fl)..,„h;.s,MVyvil|,. Thorns ,n on tl„. .. „„ Th,. .Vonv,.o|a„ Ki.h„,.„,„„.^ K\iu-n- ""■""'''' ' ■^-'-|^th^,'tta,l,|:,.,,,,.,,t:, u'oi' ,„ , '•f.""'™K-.tnwhi,.hth..yn.ini-„ ' }", Mill,, hsh. th.. in,.,,.,,,,. „f ' ' I'. S. (• ,ininissio„p, of |,.i,i, „,„| i.'j,i,;.',i„;;,„^~ "J It.H nivai;..s A s,il„tit,ite.f„r th,. f aMm,.r,.i«rrjslu,;; s '1^, «•••••" ""W.itnntl,i,.n,.,..i„i,„p,„.|,„„.„ ^ :;;;';;Vf,' •.■'"-"•"••n.i.ii.yof,h..Ma,.-.,.,.,.,,::: '\-'"i>li;rv.l),in,ii,o,,,nu,„l,,.r,,f,,,,.,,,.,,,,^^^^^^ .>0. ,,| no:vt,« ,>,l,ra)r,i|| (,| of .Vi.wfoun,llaii,l .Vo. of h, nt> eiigftij,.,! in .^, I' "Its f.ll,.rt of ,lin,i„„ti„„ of liai, ,.,„ln,.iny „„„„,;:„, Itid'k.On IK'iriiiic.'^liawniiiif .....','.'".'.'.' '■ ^.1 Oil th,. hahiisof ,|„. ri,.riin',^r".'. "' ,'.',',' llis,.n,p,i,-ie,i„|.Haiio„ to finpH-afi,-,: in ,.o'n- ln•<•llon with th.. Il,.,•,■in^, Ki,!,,,,.,,,, , "■"'">■-"•■• 11- ii.-ip,i,„ of uf„„„ ,„„„;,„„••' Iliinks 148 Ilriti-li AiiiiMini. l"i-liiMn liiihi-tiy uf iv " Kxli'iii 111' ('.iii!'l Line of (!, vi, 14;i " I'oimhitiun uf vi " Viiliii' iif Anriiml Calili uf Kisji of '• ■' liitliu'iu'i' III' ilif Kishiiiy liiiluMry iif. .. " " l'iiii»l Pi-lii'iii's uf 14,'), vi ' " (.'luimii'iciul Murine of .. " ■■ (•liMMvatinn iif law in. I4.'i Hriti>li Anii'iiciin dm^t washuil liy tliu l-alinuldv Curinnt.iii " Charai'liM' iif till' Swilinril uf ,.iii., •'! ■' ('liaiactcr of tlii^ Wcallicr on tlic.v I'rii't'li'>.-» \alnf uf vi '■ Knorniiiiis lOxtcnt of . H.'t CaiiKi' of llie vaUu' of \ Uiiii-li \iMiMiiMM l'Hlii'i'iiv~, (ii'ntml Ufview of iii. II How jiursut'il, II Sluiie Ki>li- cry . iii.. iv Anniiiil value uf \i ('hHnii'ti'ristit'." of H, xiv t'linijiart'il witli'llic I'niti-il Sliilii.t coiuslal I'l. Ill llivv atlVctHil liy thi' Tivaty xiii., \vi llriti-li Anii'iiiiiM l'i~!ii'riiii'n. .Niinilu'r en^a^i'il in llir KislH'Hi's iii Cliiirac'li'r nf wiii L>i»ail\anta^e.<4 nnilcr whirli Ihi-y lalmr in lieiny e\- clnili'il fiMniwali'r^'.iiiili nf thi-.'liitlipamlli'l vii, viii, 8, !l II. iw llii'ir Ciaslal I'l'lii'i- ies may In' aiTirli'il liy the Treaty of \V(U- i|i-iTi;iti.in "f iiiii'Mseii|iii' life in the Aretie Seas HIT Oil ■• Wlialex' K oil." lull On the Dial. . ins . if tin- Aretie Sea I"!! Iliilli.w. .irTniwl, Destroys liraviil or Sjiawnint^ Kish.W; |jar^;e nuiiihens uf S|iawiiiii^ Pi.-ii taken uii the C list ■ f Xew- fmiiiillanil with ..U'!l, :I0. 31 (.'ii|it. Taisley mi injiiriiiusetTeets uf.. HI 111 the Straits I if Uelle Isle HI Mr. Aiiliyn IVaree mi the tal.» Marine. IlilVereiiee hetween Knrupeaii ami .N irtli .Viiieriraii . ... ,. lilt lluw it illVeels the li;ihlt-uf lisll •J4. p; Clum;, Ailiiiiiiil, On the I'lirieiits ulT .\ewfminil'aiiil....Hlii On the .Seiiiiiif,' uf Cod Ki.sli l.'ii; Cua-I Kishery. Detiiiitiiiii of iv ('handed into Deep .Sea Tishery xiv (,'ua-tal I'isheiies, i;iTeet uf I'artii'ipation in viii 'low Destroyed ill the Initeil Stales, ,s. il C a-t Line. Kvtent of. in I'nited ,Stute,su|ii'iieil liy Treaty \\"asliiiiytoii vii Kvteiil of, in British .\iiieriea du ■■ l.ein;th iiieaeh British I'ruviii"" nut eft'eeted hy pii'-evistinn Treaty I fuutiiote).,., .. , vii " How destriietion uf food on, elTeets Deep Sea Kishery .xiii Impurtaiiee uf (li'u;;iiiphie OnlliiMs of ,'t Ol the lliiiiiinioii o.,'i of the I'nited Stales ;', " l.eii;;ili ol, in liiited States .North uf Cape Ikitteras t; Ol Biitish Ameriean l*ru\in('i's \i.ri Charneti'r ot li, li ■' Knurmuns l,eiiutli of llritish .Vmerii'iin II. vi,;t. U-'i. iU Cua-Ial Wati-i's. .\rea Conceded liy Ciiiled .Stitti?s vii .Area C.ineeded hy British .Vmerii'a... " l;e|iletiun III .Sew Kiujland '• Value of. south of Ulltli parallel, to V. S. {•'isliermen " I'lir.iidilen to British .Vinerieaii Kisliei- nioii-. •■ Kelatiun uf Kislies to i.\ .N,'ii'ssity fur the I'lOservation of x II iw Di pupiilaleil III the I'nited Slate> x " How preseived in British .Vmeriea x In Kehitiiin t . Bait x '■ Kxhiiii-li 111 of, destiiiys Deep .Sea I'isli- i'rie« outside xiii " liesp iiisiliility uf the IVesenatini of xiii, xiv " Charaeter ul liritisli Ameriean . II Cod, .Miivemeiii uf. fr.ini shore ,.., , ...., x S|H'i'ilie (iinvitv of Kun of i xil liillneiiee of Biin on Spawn nf x.i Yearling, In^linel of xii Induations uf D,'ii' 'a^e of xv, x\i i'.dluwini; the Ca|iliH i' Spaw!' on the whole .Vui-wi't;iaii C^unsl |;| Stateiiieiii Willi regard tu it< .Mi^rntions I'J It- .Spawjiiiiu' I'J Spi'wiiiiii; uf the Ameriean funn of 1:1 Kvtrnor lin.iry Distriliiitioii ol the.., lo The Seinmer ( lid. or ■ Ijodde" l."! Di-tri''ulimi in Ameriean ami in Kiiiupean Waters, l.'i '.VmterCiid l.'i I I 149 V„Kf. . .. 'JJ 11- ...lan ....l.t!t ...133 134 134 134 134 134 i;t.- ...13.-. .lin 13-2 k.'ii r.'T Tii- 1-JS U'.l. Kill !I3 mill '.13 ... -24. i«; 11II....IIH) I3r, iv xiv viii till.-. S. '.I vii Teoteil ..vii l),.,.i. .\iii l«f 3 . 'J. 3 .. 3 iiix' .... . vi.i". ii.li n:'.. HI .vii r.s. l,.-r- i.x X tiilii-' . \ I .. ..\ X I'i^li- xiii iiii.iii Mil. \iv II \ XII \ I \!l \V. \\ 1 t: . i;i [•I ^■I'litors. I IMrc. ('lllll'C nf .Muvi'llll'llt t.iWlllils Ihu C list .. Hi M'lVi'ii;' lit frmii till' ('imut iliMi'rmiiicil liy wiilit nf Kill"! xi IniliKi'iious t" llie Sen Sten wlicm 'lif.v nre fniiinl, B llHMll IIMl M,. •.•1..'17 SirnxMiiiil Mcivi'iiieiU." ii'voiwil in Kimi|ii' ami .Smi'rii'ii Ill .■^iiiiiiiHT Ihiiinlixif .Niirwi'Kiiiii 1" ruiiil vvliieli liircH tlip ('ml tii ll\o Shure 10 .Miivi'iiipiiN nil thr l.al'niiliii' 'JO in licliinilic Wiili'is 18 .S'iu«iii ill I'.iiMiP" iinil AniPiii'ii .17 tn ;!3 .•^piiwiiiii);.!! 24, 'Jli lir.iwtli iif '27 >i\/A' cif YpiirliiiK' -7 Tvv.. iiimI TInv.. V,.iir .ilil C."l 27, 28 Wli.Mv till' .iM Ki.-li rciirvm llni l,iilimiliirt' .iiit... 'JS I' .Imir DiTivcil I'r.ini llif Xaliii-f of tin' llntl.ini ... 'Js Sinjiic'ily cif -JS Kvi'l.'Mfo of S|iiiwninK u'.' '.'.mI Kmis M rliiimi-l.Tof 28 Kflnliiin Imlwi'di Yuii'i^ iinii lii.i (.'liiiiiiclui' ot the S.'»-< ,11 vii Ni'i'cs^ily fur c .iitiMviTiiiif,' I'l'iiiiiu ()iiiii'..:i,H rus- l»'i-liiiK' '- AniiTH-aii. n " Ilonii' Ki.^li," 15 Tiiki'ii Willi til.' Iliiltiiw. cir Tniwl 21) In till' .'^IniiUol' ll.4l<' Niii ■-'!) ri'ri.jil '.f SpHwiiiii).' .Ill till" .Ni'wl'.iiiiiilliuul Cua^t-s t'xt.'ii'li' .ivi'vci^jlit in-intii-. 30 Wli.'n Ink.M. .Spawniii;; .10 .'^niall si/". I I'i-h Spiuviiiiit; 30 l,iirH.--l ■■ •• •' 311 \V..i(,'llt ••< \Miio It ..'- 311 riiii-lil Willi liiili"«» ..!■ Tiaivld, ( iMiitlicv Ki.sli) liii'^i'ly ill .V.'wr.aiii.llaiiil, all iii'.iiiii.l ll... I' 'ii>l, 30 TiiUi'ii l.y till' Hull nv< .11 till' .s .mil C.ia-I 3i \\ riaiMMiliii 31 III Ihi' .siliuits i.r Hullo lali) U .Spawning; I'isli takon from (\ipi' .'if llie Ovii nf, hy the Ijilira.l.ir Current Ill Dili, wli.'p' there are .Slieil .,11 1 rav..riil.le (' imlilii.ns .111 tile X.jrlliern Ijilim.l.ir f..r the llalehiiitfiif (;i)il Ova I III, IPJ Di.peii.leiii'.' iif the I'reseiu'e ..f. 111! Unit Il'.i .MIrieleil liy the ll.l.iiir of Spawiiiiiv; llnrrinn* ..I 211 .Move anaiii-l the Ciirienl. lollowiiin ".".'a I'ishim;, liy K. W. II. Il.il.isw.irlli. T. I,. S.. .X'e.refi.ireil to 17. 2.'i D.'j.tti .f ivat.'i ill whi.'h ('.111 art., taken 3ii Herring S|iiiwn 48, IW 160 I'uKi'. n.'i.tii iiuviii.h ii.'iiiii^ ivr.i c'j DwIIni' i.f riiili'd Kliiliis UidKliil Ki.ilicries 10 •• ClH'l'.- l.f 10 IV.itli I'i'iiiillv, Atliirhcil ti liifriiiK>'iiii'iil nf Ijiwk if- liilin^ 1" I'i'.lii'iiiT" 111' Kiirly Tillies xvii lli'iri'iim' Mf I'hIi, llii|>i.|l't>'il VVatiTs, III Ihy riiitcil Stall-!* Smu> -' l>i>iiiinii>ii Si'iiH 'J lHuloin-, III Nnilh.Tri ami S,.iiilir;ii Suuk !(« l(«l liirkl.'. I'lMliwcr (f.. Oil 111.' Dial.iiiK i.f Ihe Xorlli.'i-n (ll-Mlll HIS l>i-i'a-.'».if I'Isli . Il'.i I) iiiiiiliiii Si'i Kjitlit'i'it'» ill C'lniiiu'nial Maiim' "f \\ " IiiiTi'a«' III' t.iiiiiii(;t' 111' \i KMi'iit iif Si'ii-liuuril iif vi foil I'i-lu'iii's I.-. 1) MiiMii.ii (iii\.'niiniiit, I'linlriil iiviT llii' l''l»lii'rii'» rxi'i- (•i»i!il liy xiv, xvi Si-i"iiili(' Kllli, I'p'sli, KM.iriiiiii|,< .Sujiply uf in liiili'.l Sim.'.. Marl.l■l^' vii " Kii'sh. Sii|i|ilici| li WiwIiiUKUin .Maikel. ilmt- ii.ii>.:l,) \ii Spwies jiiir-iUMl uii Drilish Ameriniii 0.iaaU ix Jiapiil Di'iMva.-.' iif xv Ki(-h. iiii|i .rii'il int.. tliK I'niteil HtrtlM !l Kiiliiii; lliiliii* I.f 1 1 \Vli..sH .spawn I|i.al9 U'l'. a.||it'ri>« li llip II ittmii -''• Aiiailr..in.'in S|.(.ciiv-- .if viii ^I't'k waiiii Stiata i.f Wai.'r ill tin' WinUT Si-a- soii, (.silviT I'its, I In'. F.ITi'il iif Tiiiii^-ratiiif uii tin.', i.f lliu tirniul llaiiki , 1(17 .siiikini; iiinl Hi-ini; uf IO!t Life, ill nlali' n t.i til.' Ijilira.l.iv Ciirri'iil 1"T dva Kiii'iiilly 'li'-lril'iili'il liy tlie Ijil'iailnf Ciii'- r.Mit with till' 111' Drift Ill OilTi'iiMit .Mi'«Miit'ini!iit» I'f (irt'i-ii mill Dry 117 Di'-Haseii of ., 1 Mi D.-1'ieasi. ,.f w liiiini'i liiilii«try, inipurlaiici' nf 141. IfJ Ki-lu'niii'n. liiiti'il .'e llocleii of, inirnueil hy Ainer- ii-aiis xvi l-'i-liiii^ lleai'.Siiperioi'ily of, viii|iliiyeil hy AiiiBricnnt, xvHi Kisliint} Imliislry of Domiiiion iv .Ninvfoiiiiillanil iv " Cliuriiil.r .'f. ill lliitiili Aniericaii Waters xiv l'*i-liiii^ (iroiiiiil.-, ('.iniiiierciat Value of.. X I'liieliialion iif the Horriii>t 48 " 111 N.irwi'i^iaii Waters (1!) " III .Seotti>ll .Sein '• liiiiik Fisheries, lliietiiiili'ii ill HKl " " Fleet, variations ill Niimhern uf IfXi " " '• i|iuiiitily of lUit ri'ipiireil hy ..llii Ciili'li on the Hanks ..f .Neuf.iiui.llainl ll'i Fresh Fi-h T;aile in the L'niteil Sliitet !• Fininuilc, Coil Fi-heiy of LI (iailiihe. Floalin^ of the Spawi. of the. 2& ( !e. .rue'- Fishery, Iti-ks of » •' l,o-s of Vessels an'l Lives enKa<;e.l III the v., U» '* liiiporliiiiee ..f tiT Depeinlenee of nn llerriiiK Hail frMii .Vewfiiiiinlhinil ..ILI. I'-'l Charai'terol the Fishery nf, eumimieil with that of Iheliranil Ihiiiks UH lleoii;.'- ShimI-, 'riiiiperatiiie of the Water on I')-' lielalion t.i .Marine Lite . H'- 'I'lie Sepulchre of the I'.S. Fi.;es lliey enjoy in heiiin al.le to lish South of the :i!llli parallel f- (i neiiiiu.'iit. Conti'il Kx.'i-ei.seil hy x, I'-'.'. (ji'.ui.l Hank.-, liuii.leil hy tln'duli .Stieam, .'. Atlrailioii of, to C.iilllsh I'.' .Malilie Life oil Hl-"i It .iiiiye.i-tle's Deseriptioii uf the Lite oii.l.'I'J Fishery, e. .11. pared with the (ie..ine's Fish- ery IJii Fieneh Fis leiy on 11'' Aiilii|iiily ami Itii'hn.'ss of the Fishery on .'. I 111 (ill!' .^Ii-.'aiii South ..f .New V'.rk i\ I'lllilleil f..r llie lives of III" ('..miileliiul Fishes :• .N'oilheni Siirfiice II iw of . Ktt'eels ..f, ..II .Marine Life Itelalioiis ..f. Ill theC m-l Lin.'of llie Inii- •il Stales. Heliiti '11 of, t'i .NoMi Si- .li.i aii.l .\e .lUl'l- laii.l , |-:tVe.-i ..L .111 .New- KiiHhmil Const., Sw-iiu of. in Siiiiinier .10-' ..III'-' (l.-easional i-ei-arkalile F.IVei-ts of, on II shore uf .Nrw-foiiiiill, 111.1. nil'. (iu!f of St. I.iwieiiee, SpriiiK Spawning Oi-iiiimls of tli'i Herring' in l/il I'HRC. ii'iii'" !•'■' iir. wi ;iiii», xviii iv iv orii'iin xiv jt ..' 4« '. u;i '..'.. (U ti."i W). «1 I SllltLW SI I ''' sliM'icH, xxi IS '.".'.'. lit "" KM KHi a l.y lit! IHi » ... I.-. , \ |,^,i;;r'l 111 v.. H"' . •'" Unit fr'iii 11.-.. 1-M ,.,niil«'i'"' unk^ "" .n '"- w: iiiluiinwi"--"" i\ '""" -.'1 .............. :" .V.I '"' V.i ' " \:iii (i,.iiiii.'ti'i \'*' (r,.„iii.iti'>.Ai\ t.. •■••' ,.. ..(■ Ml ..,ii's \v..rk.. >^ ,.v in 1i"iiiH .',( til.' -.VMU '. X, 1-'."' 1-J " ' ' lii:. ll„. l,il.'on.i:i- I,.nl-tfl!'s l''l>ll- 14" ' Ill' th.- Ki-lii'iy Illl .. i\ ( ,.Miiiii'i<'i"' '... IW I lllr I'llit- U'l \,.wi'..iin'l- ,a'. 1"- 111-.' ,f, nil I'l" ,, . 11" uli'l-uCllM I'llKl'. liiilf if .S|, l,inv>'('ii('i', .S|Ki\viilii),' III' .MiirUiTi'l ill Sfi CoIcIbihI Wanii wiitBiSlriilii in.. 97 lliMlil.ii'k. FlonlinK i.f llii' S|iii\vn (if -Ti llnliitsuf A-2 lliikliit, IIJM ■' Vipjiijji'ii" refprroil 1(1 I!' Iliiiiiilliiii Inlet, I'liriiHl iif Kii'ziiii; nf VS II..MH«(ii-tli, K. W. 1!., KHiTri-il t 17 Illl tlid S|iawiiiiin of Fi^lii'ii an On tilt' SpiiwniMn "f the .Nliii'k- ('i'«l sri lliililiiit. iiii (ii'..rKi''« Hunk 121 Di'stinctidn iif, fiiviimWo tn CVnl 140 Ilt'iiiiK, Fi'H.'dnvatiT, (ir .Vli'wifu viti lliiriin. **(•«. Ciitcli 'if in Ddniiniini \Viiti>rs 68 .N'.'wfminilliiiMl ,'18 Vulnc (if t(i (itiiiiccHti'i- rJNlieries '>0 Sii|i|ii'S('(l ('iiiiM'n (if tlif Fliii'timtii'ii "f .Niinvcyiiiii risln-iipK (i'2 Kxti'iit uf .N'iirw('«iiin lliirini' rislmrii's .. (i2 .Sirs' VicwK I'f tliB .Muvciiicnt.'" of t!3 Kliietiiiitidii iif in .Niuwcuinn Wiiters 83 .Niinilicr* cnunlil in Licli Kjiio liri lli'liitiiin (if llcrrintj SjmwninK (iriiunils tn t!(ii| KiMlicrie.-i t^'i .Viitiinil llintciry uf US llnliiti'.if (is .\(ir»i'^;iiin Cntdi liniitcil to S|m\vninK. .. (ill .\U»' (if when first Siiu\viiin'.j (ill NilUdii nn till' Haltic 7(1 lliixlry (111 till' S|iu\vning of (iS II lick (ill tile Ndrui'^ian (iO Wiili'iiri'ii .111 till' liiiitic 70 I.Jiiii)!iiiHii (in till' Hiiltii' 71) .*'*jir'( on III" Ndrwt^yiun.. 72 I'Ulicry, iininirtiini'i' df rri'-crviiii; fnuii ('iintiuniniitiiin "I Kudil df till' Ydiiiif; 71 lii'lilli lit wliicli tlif.v niii.v Kccil III! Ili'MTt dill S|iiiwniiin I'liici"' if Distiirlicil 71 Hclnri'indl, tdTi'iiiiicnitiiri' HI .Mdvcnicnt.'' df, nuiili'il liy Tcniiii'iiiliin' ... !l'J l''i'('il I'll Zdea... \ii .MTi'ctiiiK till- Cdd Fisln'ricK x\i .*^|'in\ niii;: (irdiind-'* of...... (» .N't .MTecti'd liy tlu' Mine Tisli 7 l,lir('.'< tile (-'ml ti' tliu Slliirti 17 .Mnnni'r uf S|m\vnin^; '24 Tiiken fnnii ('dil's Sidiiiiicli-* in WiiitiT '.'I KtTcrt df tliii Di'siructidn df the S|iiiwn nl, (111 dtlier IImIi- '27 UiinK'H'if 48 liiHidrtiince (if, ft.1 f'ldil fur (I111I 48 lii>|iortiiiii'iMif, td till' Hritiili AinericHn I'i^herie.i 48, 40 Wintcrinji (Jrdiiiiils uf 48, iW) Minrrttdry .Mdvcnii'iit df 40, 4S licniiirkalilelluliit.-'df YniinK 4!l U'lieri' tliu S|inwiiini; winter 50 Wliero tile Ydiirj; Winter 50 .''^liiiwiiinv; df the ■">** " •■ twd distinct pevidils .'ill rr.ife.isdr lln.vley's Deseriptiui' uf the Spawn (if .'d Spring .Spawning; tirdiiiidH of, in the (iulf df St. Ijiwreiiee 52 Spring SpKwniiif,' (irdiiinl.-* ardnnd Xew- fdiindhiiiil 52 Aittiiinn S|iii\viiin^^ (irdiinil.-^ df, dii .Mian- tic Cdast df .NdVa Seiiiia 52 Winter Tishery df. Xewldiindlaiid ."i3 at MdUlh df Hay df Kiiiidy 5:i iin Cdiidts df .Nova S'litia 54 in Eiiniiio 54 IVridil.'* (if ajipniaeli to tlic Cuast df Xew- fdiinilland • ,'i5 I'eridd.sdf approarli to the Straits of 1' ' I-' l''l,.herinen I2ii Serap lill Oil nianiifaelured fruii 1*2 1 lleiliiie df the I'ishiTy in .Norway, reiulls of . 122 Halt, pfdhalile IHm' in I'nee iif . 122 Hevi-ldpnieiit df the ('"inineree in I'22 lldw the Develupnieiit (if tie Herring Trade will alTeet Hriti»h .\nierinin Fiflny forl'ial VJ-2, 12;t Former ahiindanee of in Day of Clialeur 12.'1 Vnxt iiii]idrtanie df, an a Killing Bait 131, l.'ls lialt Fishery in .Newfdiirdland 117 l'rii'e.i of for llait 117— US Value df ns llait ..,11« Alwiiy.t ill ISea.-dii ai llait UN Lie under the Ijiiid in Winter mi .Maine, .Vova.i^edtia and .Veufoumlland (.'naitN ll!l Caiitjht in .''nnkeii .Vets l'2!l llevelop (Iddur ill Spawiiinf; wliicli lures the CihI 120 lldiiie. Winter, df Anaili'diiidu.> Speeien viii lldwe, lldii. .1., On .i^alile l.^land .Miiekeicl Fisheries 87 Huxley. I'ldlessdi-, Ilii the .Spawniin; I'f the Ilerrintj. • .'d On the .Su|,|i,i.seil (iidwthdf lis Iceland, (.'dd Fisheries 'if IS lee, I'levails en .Nurth American Cda.sts diiiiiin the Winter , m In the Straits uf Belle Isle Landsman. Iiilluenre mi the Fisheries •_• Ijinnce. The, On the (irau'l Banks \;\> L'Kisliiti'in. Injurious KITeets uf Cnrtain 1,3 IK liiti'i.'< of ('.III, ilii'ir iHM'ii'i'iiml p'Vi'rty (17 Liilmtors, KmlirjM" "f xi " Dfilrirli.iu nf. I'ntjiiilicinl to Kii>herii)» xii 11. iw I'n.leileil Nntiirnlly 3 l,.ir..|,.n C.i.l KisliiTi.'" 43, OS Sii|i|iii«',l »..|n H|iawiiiii(j (IrniiiHl iif Iho Nnrwo- 1,'iiin ('ill 1-' Cid Ficlii'vin^ of l«7a l.-i lOiiiiXinim iiri llu' lliillic ll"niti- . Tn l.iiiiiliiTin^; Imliialrii'H, 11 .w IIk-.v nITi'. 1 lliu rM»'iii'^...\v, i Smnll iiiltiii'iiie mi KNIm'i"« in thinly ■.itllwlCmiitii.'".. . -' lliiin.'m liillili'lici! KxeirlMMl liy. 'J l.iii'i'. Ii>'liiiii-lloii4(> fur till' piTsi'i'vii- tiiiii uf Hail ill IHT.'t l-Vl .Miiiiii".t'iimini8iii(rs of, l!i-|Mit un IIih strtc rii'» nf Miiiii- In .Maiuifiii'liirinn linlii'lrii'-', lliw llii'y utTi'i't llif l"i«liiT- li'» viii. XV. Ill .Miickcu'l, Kocil .III Z mil xii Ciiiii.i fruiii llii-lr Winter IIiiiiica direct tn Itiii t'..ii.«t W III Viisiiiiiiii \ViitiT«. (r.iiil-iiiiliv) vii WinliT lliiiiii'-i ill niitisli AiiiiMii-iin Si'ii*. . 7 Sii|i|ni»o.l Wumli'iingsiir .MiKMUimii'iif. in tin' .^iimniiT i:i.\l.'IO. 4. I".' Klciiitinj' uf tlic Spawn of iifl .Mi.ti'oiiIii(;ii'iil C'.iiiilitioim nffpctiiin tliii Spiiwii of , '.'7 KlTi>it 1/1 n fnvomlile Siiinimir u'l tlii> lliitcli- iilK of -" IHTtH't of n knowli'dce of (he .''pawniiiu llii- l.iln (if tin Tlii'orics of .Mixmlinn 4 iiccniri'iii'i' l^f in Nowfoiinilliinil 77 " on till' Liilivinlor .77 Torpidity (if 'luring,' Wiivii'v 7« '* ill KiiMiit'Un \Vji!i'i*n.... 7S " L'n 111!' ('OI1..IS of .Vi'wf lunilliind .. ~>* " NoviiScotlii 7S .M. II. .In III liliiicliitTH on 78 Ur. (iilpiii on "!' lidv. .I.iliii Aiiilir ifi'oii .. 7!' .\l(iV"!ni<'nlM)f . f>il Ij-riMiio .SiWiH- on Pti Fliii'.niition in llic t'alnli of liy l'. 8. Ki«lii>r- im»ii **l Doiniiiion Ciiti'li of "2 Novn Scotiii Ciitili of 82, 83 .N'l'wfoiinillind Kvport.iof ''4 I'l'iioiN wli.'n llii.y .iipi'oRcli ttix Count ''t Kir^t kilownapiicmiini'" ■>! in Hhiih .if Miniui «."i .Mr. llol.Uwoi-th .„, tli.'Hp,iwniiii,'of AT .•"piiwiiin;; in till' liiilf of f-'t liiwri-ncc .. NH Uli til.' (' .ii«tM of ,\l:ls-IU'lmM-tt!i Ni l.iirKi- (|niiiniliiM' I -t li.v Sl■inill^: ■"''' .ViMiiliiTi'of Iniiimliri' I'i-li ili»ti'oy(>il by llio !!.*(• of I'tirsf .^I'ine*... 8.^* (■ •ii('lii-ioii with reforiMicc ti tlicir lluhits iittd Distiih'iti m .. . 1*9 kelntion of to cprtain Zoiic< In tlio Sen .HW. !<'!• Dftl'iis of Iho I'ni.fd Slut. » I inii«i,e i>ii- ^a;,"'i| in takiim.., ..125 Spawniii;,' of in varion^ Licalilics 1.1.1 Fry ill varioii* li'icalitii'.* i..."' Kxti*n ir.liimry .Mi|»niti'in..uttril'iitod \o I't.*! 'riion„'litl',».i lli.ytriiclion of liy the ii«« if Pnrii' S^iincfl . ..LVi Miii'l I'lt'l I'ishBry, Viiiiali ms in llii'T'iiiiia;;!' eiiip! ..yi'il hv the I'lilti'd ,S|iiti-.i in llh' 8! V'tridtioiii* in .N'owfunailland WaliTN. 77 lli. oryof the (Jlimce-ler h7 .\ [ iwuri.iiK Finlwry t'l Uuitvl ."^taies FisliPi'ni. n 8S I'ukc .MaikiTi'l I'li-luTy. Ilivimonn of tliL' l'. .s. .Mackeriil Flml K« Tho .if Hi>iiiiiH for t'apliiro 88 lli'Klini'livo ii-i. of Si'liii's in tlio 88 DiMtiiicliui of Ininiatiiiv Fl«Ii liy.... 88 I'liili'il NtatoM Fislicrnii.ii in thn 88 CliiirMi-lcr of till, liiilinlry Of" .MoaxiiriMiicnl-iif FihIi. tlrccn ami Dry.dilTi'rent 117 Mi;;i'atioiH .il Fi-h. Di^iistr.iiM Hesultii iirlxini; IVoin ...iipp ifli'il 1 .>('i"l .. I'J " Mark- i.ri.| \2 (If lliiil> <■ iiii)iari«d with thoi^e of ci'ilain Fi*li 4!i Miller, (apt. H. .\.. Ili» 'I'alile of Teniporaliircs in the Slraitu of llell« Ule Hi .Mill hell. .I.ihii. (In the llerrint; M .Malm. A. \V. (hi the ll.iatini,' of the Spawn of rerlnin Finliiw '.'.') .M dine Life. Mow atTeete.l in .North Aineriean Waters .. ll.'l (111 (iHorne'* llaiiUn lOL' 111 llietiiilf of .»i. Ijiwrence K'J (111 ih.. ('nasi* of .Maine Ui:i .Shows the I'alh of I'.ilar rurrcntu KM (111 the (iiaii.l llnnkH of New foiimlland lO.'i The late Mr. .Iiikiw on 105 l'rof«»s.ir .'. •2-J.i'J,:tO..'ll.»L',:t.'-|,.')i'i Winter Ilerriiik' Fishery .-i.'l Wiiiter Unit Fishery M Fliietiialioii in the Caleh of I'C Kxpoii.s from H'J Kn'irni.Mis Catch of Codllsli in 1H7I li" C iiistriii.tj.iii of lee.l|..iisi.s in, fur Fisli- iiii; Pi!rp.ise(* U'.'i .NVw Knftinnd. li'iline if the C id Fisheries of .w liilliienep of theSy.t.' f F.diieati.in of on .New I'hi^laiid Fis|i(!riiieii xviii New lliiiiiswiek. .Niiniliev of lloals enuaKOil in Si-n Fi-lierieii iii .Niiniher .if Menen}faK"d in Sea Fish- eries '■ .N'unilier of Ve.vsels eii^ngod in S*a Fisherio.s " Tonnnue of, eiinan"d in Fisheries ... .N° ii'.l. iiski.ild. I'r.'fe^i.ir. His de«eripti..ii . f .MiiT.iseo- pi(! Life ill the .\felie .Seas .107 Nova ■'.•.ilia. Niiinlier of H lalseiimiji.il in .Sea Fi-li,'rles. Hi Mpii •' Vessels " •• " TeiinaKii "f eii;{a({ed in the Fislierles... iv Fliieliuition inthe(Hteh of Herring in the Waters of Ill Sea^ons for Cid in 'Jl Fish Rries n\p irti'.l fr iin ;) I c.a«l Line of, (f mtnote.) vii.. i; liehition of the Onlf Stream to .-. Si«iwii'n« of the llerriiii; on the Ciia>l i of, ."i'J Winter llerrin;; on the C.iiutts of... ."il I'liiiii i^iii t^l.■l I'nili FluL't liH S9 J (W by.... 88 K 90 n- frum I Cod .. I'J Mttck- 12 nine of 41) In tlio 04 M r-iTlii!" '.':> raters... W loa lOJ io:t KM llnncl in'- 105 10,-1 !.•< ill slry ii.nJ, :t'i.ni'i .-ill Xi tia !;■> Ki '■••' u:> XV 111 of X\ ill I ill S.'il '\i |,.,1 ill s*« lp'iiu» ••• MiiTOSOO- 1"7 , l-M-ll.Tir*. Ml lritiL;iii til"' -I '_[ M vii.. •• a.t . of, .Vi .it 1-5.'J fine. N'iir.»i'i'l<'» foi' Fi»li Try. x nnmiii|.liii' IViiliiionof till' (^onct l.iiii' ftfTi'dt Kinli I'Vy .1 Kor Si'iiiiii-ii, jjf'il valiio of cxtmilt'O ('on»l I. hill ami Ki"li"rii'K \i., vii n.l.iiir, |Icii'1h|.,..| liy lleniiiKs iliiriiiH .S|iiiwiiiiiK' I'JD Of llio I'lii'ii.iilii'i', >li'Vi'lo|ifil liy Ciipliii, .Hini li iiml Lmiiu'c iliii'iii^ till' S|iiiwiiim; .Si'asoii. .|:i,'t OiMirrapliii' iiiitliiit'4, iiii|iortaiii'i- of \iii l)i'.»iTt c'luiraiiiT of oil till' l,»limiloi'. iii l',llllllr» of 111!' I, .(folfll |4|u||,|.>< ill ivIlUi.iii lo till' (' 111 KiHhcry llu'iv ,. 13 Kfaliiics of Ihu ('oust of ili,. liiilwl S|ati'».. l-.'il Dysii'i', Kximoriliniii-y ilcvcloiuiii'iil • t ii, I iiitoM .«>iai„» WatiTN mil "VII, lliilti'il liy Iji'iniilorCiirrt'iil.... Ill,ix tii'iii'ial Mow of, from .North to .South 12 Of till' t'o.l 211 UiMiiarkahhi rlmranlcriMiii's of tho Ova of tlii' Con, a" .Micn.ji.l.' of 27 S|M>i'illi' (Iravily of •.>; HiKlriliiil. il Willi till' Iru Krifl hy tlio Arcu niil LahriiiliM- Ciirn'Tils Ill l',ii-l.'y, Ciii.l., Oil 111,. Injurious KlT.'cl of thi- Iliiltow... ,11 I'l'Miii'. .Mr .^ii'i.Mi. On III!) >'\|)orlalioii of Cud Itocs from .VowfoiiiiillBiid 2!t Oil 111,, iiikiiio of .S|,iiHiiiiii, fill liy Hiiliow.< 2'.l ri.'ti'niiiiiiii. Dr.. l!,'IVrr,'d lo ', lli< Ti'iii|i,'raliir» .Majw (17 T'-mpi'ialiivt' .Nliip-, ri'fi'rri'd to IIH l'.oI,.y. Mr., II,'-,-ri|'lioii of Sjiawiiiii^ (!oi| in Ihilifa.v Markol Illi On till' I'i'hilioii of 111,. 11,'rriiiK lo Tpiiipfr- aliiri' , ill I'lt'iiroiiwliilii' I'loalini; of tlio Siiawn of tlio '.'.I I'ollark, Ilahitsol I'J I' iimlnlion, Ilniio of nlTi'itiM« Finhi'rlu.i \ Of iliirLTi'iil Mail's 4.-. I'riiiiH' I'Mward l.-'Iaiid, .Viinilu'r of floats I'n^a^i'd in s^a l''i»linrii's iii .Nimilior of .MiMi oiiKaKcd in .*<••« Kifhi'i'ii'.s •• .Vumlit'r "I V(>ss«l« i-nKHKoil in .Si'H Fi.^licrii'!' " ToiMiBKi' of iintjaKi'il in I ho Fi-li- cvio* iv l'riii('i|ili'H |o '„■ olisi'rviid in nil DisciiniiionM relating' |o Ih" Fi-h.'vii'K 11 I'lirs,' .Si'iii,..s, |lt'-iriii'livi> to Fish Mfn and injurious to Fishi'i'ii'.s l.'lll Suoni' li'il It'.'strii'lioiis of I.lil Ih'.Htriii'lioii of iiiimiitiirc Mm-kfri'l and .Mai'ki'ri'l in till' Siniwiiiiis Si'a«on hy. Kill Viiirii.iii, K,'iiiiirKiiMo "r,'ttiiioriiliiri's of III,* Soa at ... li."i l^ii'hi'C, .N'liiiiliiT ol I! nil" oii^iiH"'! ill S.'i I'i^liorios. ... iii Jlon " W's.sels " " *' ToiinnK" of, iinHBKfil in Hi,' Fi>liorie9.. iv Kiiilroads, KlTwl of, on Fi»li«rie.s (footnotn) \iv llniii may dostroy C id Ova xii lii';;iilalioi» for I'loli', linn Sliaiid Fi-^ln'rit-'s wiii Ui'|H'oi.liii^' of Diiphti'l Waters hy llu' Ijihrndor Ciii- i.,'i t 12 l!.«|iiinsiliility .Mtcndiufj C.in«ervalion of Coa.stal Fishnrii's xiv Hi'-loialioii ,if [)"pl,'toil ,ir lnip'iverl»lii'd Waters 2 Itisks of llio (iooi>,'i''s C'1,1 Fi>lii'ry v, 141 liooms, Fishing', in .Vi'wfonnillaiid, iiiiiiili«r of iv Tm|iortiiiin' of ^ootl xvii Ih'h'iihili'd hy fioverniiU'iit xvii Oiiiho Fri'iii'lisliori'of Xinvfoundhunl.wii .'*ir Thomas jhiry's Room at Ciiii^tt.. , .xvii Sihini'. I, iron/o, On ili,» Ihn-liialioii of tli« Mackorrl Cati-h 81 82 ■Sirs, l'iiifc...sor (1. O , Kcforrcd lo, (foolnotp.) xii., \vi On till' inlhic'iii'ii of tlio llprrini; on I'oil Fishi'rii'.s xvi I'm,,., ■Sirs. I'r.ifi'ssor (I. o,, On th,, ,><|,nwiiiiu( Kruiinds of tli" .Ni. r\v,'jil On thf Miwnilory .Movi'nicnis of till. Spa lli'i'riiii,' 4.M On Ihe Y,ium{ Ili'rriiiK' Ml liii|iovlaiiri' of his DisiMvorii's, , (HI On till' ,\orw<'yian llt<:i'iiiK...72, 122 On till' Coil 70 Siiini'iliiy's ,>i|o|i ...vvii Sale, if Hail l'if|ii.|ii-iiil x| Salinity of ."-oa Wator at hiftt'iont llcptln 117 lloH- II affi'i'l- lliM 'I'l'iiiiH'ratuii' Strata . . Iim " SrJlsiiian," (^iiol,.,! ii.j .S'ori'shy, Dr., Ills ih'siriplion of .MicroKoopir I. if,' in llii' .Vri'di' ,«His 11)7 .•^I'asons for Cod Kiiropc a'ld .\iiii'rica 1" to 2:1 .Si'ii'iililli' KiiowIciIkc, linportnnri' of in rt'lnli m to tlio Fislinrii's \ix, t llovv dirrrtoil ill vt'liilioii to tho Fishcrii's .( Si'ii, Wi'iilih iif I'unlrontiiio llriti,-li .\inoi'ii'an Coast l/iiip 11 Si'a Fisliorics. Clinnii'tpr of Dominion iv Of .Ni'wfoiiiiilliiinl Iv Impoitiiiiri' of llritisli .\iiii'rii'nn vii Siipposi'd in('xliaustililt!ohnrai'tor of roi- tain i;ti Si'.vwiiti-r, Varial'lo Salinity of, at lliffi'ivnt Ih'ptlis.. . ".17 Saliniiy of xii Si'asoiis, Viiriiililily of. Fishini; for Cod -JO, 22. 2:1. X\ Of Spawning' .\.ljiis|,"l in the 'IVinpuratiiri',... ,'ts .S'i'iiiin. Ih'striiclion of, to Mi'.iliniloii Srhools 711 Distriii'tioii of, to Miioio'ii'l .Schools, as ii.|.,l hy i',S. Fi-slicriiii'ii .. ,ss ,r.';il Di-shiii'iioii ,if Fish hy ...l.'l!l III III,' Spawning Si'ason 1;1|) .V'liiiimI Cloui" on ]M Shad viii •■ Taki'U on the .Xortli F.ast (.'oast of Nowfoiindliiiid, '.Ml "Sliippiim (iazi'lti'." (JU'li'd in rolation to llorrin^ Fi-hi'vii's i.i:t shnio Fishi'rio-. I!ri(i-h .Xinoiiran Fislii'rics ioii.»isi r .t'tly of... IV. .i\ .Niiiiihir of Mull and I! lats ('nt^iiui'd in Doiiiinioii iii .Nuinher of .M,ii ami Boats I'li^atrcil i'l .Ncvvfoiindland iv Halio of M,ni ami II uitx innjnKi'd in... iv lii'asoii why Sh.irc Fi. .lorios aro piii- sui'il in llritisli ..VnmricRn Wiitors. iv.. v linporlanort of to llritisli .Viiii'iira.vi.. xiv of fnilL'il Stains, south ot 3!l|li pnral- li'l vii.. \iii Di'plution ot Vnitfd Sintps x.. xiii., \v Wi'altli of llritisli .\inp|i(an....x., xiii.. i> Coiitr i of Iloinini on (iovi-rnnn'iit ovi-r xiv .\h.-onvo of I'oiilr'il of I'liiii'd Stnips (iovpvnniiMil liVpr xiv.. ?;v, It.'i KtTi'i't of .\,linissioii of V. S. Fisl oi- nu'U to llrilish .Xmorii'mi.., xvi., 'J. H.'> A'lvaiilaii," of llrilish .Vnipriran to th,' Fnitpd Siati's xi\ KITppt of Coast Line on thp Valiio ..f . :! Of I nilod Statps insnnii'ipiit Iomi|i- porl llip Drai'i upon iIumii . 4. ."1, il, I41 .\ilvantiij;ps of ;'. llrilish .\n;pr- iciiii to llip rniti'd Stalps Fislu'r- nipii xvii., xlx., ,')l), IH. lL'4, i:t'i slii'll Fish, Vast ahiindanpp of in I'nilpd .Stalps Wat"r., Siiilahilily if llio Marino Climatp and Const l.liip for tho Dovflopnii'iil of i-.'ij |)isp.irily hi'tnvi'ii ilip llistrihutiou of In I'nilpd Stall's and llritisli .\'n''rii-aii Wntprs I'.'i; 164 fl w Slii.ll Kl»li, KHfeit of DiM'linti uf ||B Silii>r I'itK. ill tilt' Nuttli S.'H. wlntfr lliimeor Plih IM Sliifii' FIkIi. Di'KtrMyw Cud CSmiiiii|!i xl( Sliliif of the Oi-i'illl im Siiii'll, ('iii'Uinlii'r (liloiir of iliiriiiK S|«wiiiii)( Hcii'oii .IX) Siiillli, II II. A. .1., Mliii»ti-r of Mitrhif mill Klaliiii.., Doiiilnioii of rmiHilH SimiiiliiiK". IINI fullioiii Ciirvi' of .1 II 'iiii'U'iI III |>iirlA liy tlirlliiir Strpiini % Suiitlu'rn Wiiii'm, liiiporutni'ti of in ri'lnlloti lo Kiah Ufu Rrllluli AiiiKrican Fii>hprini'iiilvl«rri\vii of I'triiiMi KiaIii'a ItoRlx ill MKliiiv WMen ..ix., 'A 3)1 Driflwl by Ijilimil'ir I'lirri'iil , Ix Si'i'iitiiri> mill re.'... HI I 111 111.' ('.■list', of .V,.\vf Iliiii.l,'.'!! |., ;!•.> Ill til.' (f ilf .if SI. I.iiwri'iii'P ;i,t III till' Struitw of lli'llo I«l(> 'Jli I'i'lilioii .if tli.i .Icrs.'v Finns ..f tlio (in»|io Ci ii.«l ill rvlnti n to S|iiiwii- IiirChI .Ml S|iii\viiiun (Iroiiii.l,*, (■ iiitrol .iver. e.xen'isi'il liy Doiiiiii- iiiii (!ovi>iiiiii.'iit xiv Dosiroyi'.l liy FlMliuniR'n xvi of till' Ooiiiiiier.'iiil Fislios il l'riiiii|ili"' wlil.li n.ivfni tlii' II Sl'l.Tti 111 of II Of lilt' C III. 'II 111.' .\orwi'j!iiiii (!oii.«t IS On til.' Anii.rl.nii Cittst IS Siiiwiiinj; Fi>li. Tiikiii^ of. I'ri'jii.liriul \\'\ Tiil'.'nliy lIultowH or TrawW .xvi IjIWh »liiill (ioviTIl II I'likiii I'll till' (..'.'lists ..f N'l'wroim.llHn.l Willi Iliiltows '.Ml, III Viwt Niiinlifrs tttkon with thf llul- tort SI) til 82 KlTcct of tnkinR 37 I'. S. C iminissiouer . f Fish ntiil Ki»h- mies .m 37 S|itiiif; Fishings. Can"!' of Fliirtiiiitinn of xii Sijuiil. ill ('oni'i'|itioii Itiiy 133 .Mr. Koiiiy ('lifts, remarks on 130 Anspiiih .111 180 Stvnii'l Ki-^li.'ry. Dclliiilion ..f iv, T%-il It.'yiilatiimiifor Coiitr.>llinK xviii Hiiliiiilly of (' .ntrollinK. in I'liiti'il Siiiii"» xviii liiipoiliinri' of till? t'liieeosi.in of « half liit.'ri'st ill xix Sliaii.l. liiiporlHiiio of the I'se of xvii, I'-M For (■ iiistrui'lioii of Iris llnisus ..12.") Sliiwilz, l'rol.'.**r. On lli.' .\lariii.' I.ifi' of the Hanks of .N.'wf.'unillaii.l Iii« Siiluiniriiii' Hunks. How tlii'y iiffi'.'t .Miiriiio Lift' I I'J 'I'lilil.':- sliivviiiK niinilicr of Hiats aii'l .M.'U L'lijjime.l in Doiiiiiiioii Fisheries iii llo. .Ni'vvfuiiii.lliiii'l Fisheries iv of Looses in (iluiicestiT Fisheries v or leiiiilli o! eoiist lines vii, B ■ If Fresl. Fish iii.'>|i.!.'ti'.i in WashinKtuu Market !l Of Flesh Fish iii-iKirte.l into the l'. S II Shewing <|ui.iilily of O .1 eiiiiKlit in X. America 1"> or iiplir.iai-ii to the Lalira.lor C'last S(l to the X. K, Const ..r .Wwfoun.llaiiil. •.'•-' (iulf Coast of .lo .. -."J Tuhles of iippriiaeli to theStiaitsof ilello Ute 'i3 Of Kxportsof Coil K.iea fr..m Nuwf.niniUauil... .11 St. I'l.'rr." aii.l .\li.|iiel.iii 31 Fr.'iii (iii»iw 84 of Ci.l Fish eaiiKhl In Xornay in 1873 -i;! of the ll.'siilts .if Ciina.llaii Fi«li.'rlei« -t'l of l'..piilation in Atlnntie States north uf IlOlh I'aiHllel ir. Of I'lipiihiti.in of llritinb Amerlrnn Mnrltiinu I'rovlm'e. 'tn Of iK'rio.l of approai li of the Coil to tho iihoruii of Xi'wfoiiiiillaii.l t\f' I'eri.i'l of approai'li to the Stralls of llelle Isle.., nii Terio'l of Hp|iroa.li to 111.' (Iulf Const of Xew- foiin.llan.l 67 Sh.iwiiii,' th.' i;. niini..n Catch ..f AH .Sli..wliit; lar^e cati'li of Xewfoiiii.lhiii.l iW Flu.'liialioii of the Cati'li of in Kntimry of St. Inuieiu'e (Kl At MiiKilahm Ishimls (Ml 111 .Nova .Si'iilinn Waters CI or F,\port» of ll.■rrill^,' fr'ni Xi'wfoiin.lhiii.l (■•_' Shettiii); variiitions of l.lll|ln^;.' .'iiiploye.l l.y tli.' I'.S. Ilsheniii'ii ill the .Miiikeii'l Fishery SI or ll.'iiiinlon (;aleli of .Miiekerel . 82 Of .\,iva.Se,,||ii ■' " 82,83 Of X"wfoiiii,lliiii| K,> lli'l'Tiniii.". theaniniint of Cateli (Ill K.'lati m of Fi.-li t.i ill Dillir.'iit Temperaliii'.' Il.'pths at which Herrings iiiiiy he foiiml Ill Oliservali'iis of Ihi' .Meti'i'l'-'loKii'"' So- ciety of .S.'otlan.l on .. !>1 .Movements .if the Herring ^(iil.le.l hy... !>-' Knipiiri.spiirsueil hy the Uiit.li (ioveiii- iiieiil In reliition to, lis alfei'llii); Sea Fisheries (IS lliieck's F.ii.piiries in Itelati.in t.i flS Mi'aii, 'f the llriti«li AiiH'ricaii Seas fl.l of Wal.'r In the Slrnlts of Helle Islo 94 Cumliti III of low Murine in Nuwfouuil- lami .Seas 9!" of DilTereiit Strata or Zo'ies in the (iulf of St. Lawrence 97 In Hays ami Ihirh.irs alTeete.l hy Wimls.. 9s Kllect of Ti.les on the. ov.'r Hanks mul Shoals 98 (Iff Aiitii'osli 99 OIT I'oiiitile M.ints-Estiiary of St. Ijiw- r :e 99 KITi'cl, of Wimls on 99 I'lai'ticnl Hearing of, on the Soa Fisher- ies KMI Of the water on the (ieorge'H SlioaN UfJ orr Cape Siilile lOS Oil l.i'lliive Hank 103 In Hay of Fiimly la". Oulsiileor Cnsco Hay KW In the (iulf ol .Maine U)> On IheC'iists of the rniteil States |l)."i Of theSilv.T I'ils in Wint.'r lOi; of Winter, how il AIT.'.'l.s the Fisheries on ll. ' (Iraii.l Hanks HI" 'ri'l.';.;riijili, A.lvantUHes of System similar to that int;'o- .liiceil int.) Xorway in Relation to the Fisheries 90 168 I'llKO '£» Mill... 31 81 84 48 48 r aoth -ir. irltiiiKi 4S ulioruit 5r. I) lull'... .W r New- B7 Nl ', 88 I- of St. IIO '. fiO ]', (11 liiml fi- ll l,y tho iliery 81 85 '" 82, 83 I" 81 8t. I^iw- 1 OciMllI I"" ll,\ IlllllU:" III! \H iiniiK« '-•'* ..1,.» 11" „1 in 18(11.. UT I tllkilliS .11'^ •,„1 I,, lll« Hi, -Ji jl tlio Sen 1 ■"* tell '"' Ill lit Wllil'll Ill l,,Hii'iil Sn- !»l i,.,ii..v ... •■•■■; ll lioViMll- ** lliiiiU^ i.iiil (IS ' ' ll'.l ,if SI. Ui«'- U',1 . Oil S.ll I'islllT- 1(K1 Shoiil-. V-! loa lor. iii"- mi uites l"''"' lOr. lie Kislieriiw 1H7 lintlmlint'-'- li'ii til tlif yo I'liKr. Tiiirly-Miilli I'uriillfl. Foriiicr viiliio uf n«lhrii'« N.^rlli <'f, ill I'liitixl Hlnti-n wnlcn.. vil I'ri'wnt value u( Klulieriim Hmith .if vll AilvnntRU^n iif tliii KNIiiiiK' .\i'i'n .M.iiiili .if lli.i .'HMIi I'limllt'l lfi>.ilii..li') vil, vlil Tli.iiiiHnii, Sir U'., Ilin lliuKmni ..f tliu Ti'iii|wmluru SliiiUi i.r lli.i AtlKnli(M)c(«ii.,. Il« Mil D.'H.'rlpti'iii "I til" l'r.".i'iil C.iii- ilitii'ii "t Kiir.i|wi«ii FialiiiiK ilr..iiii.lH 1114 • III lilt' .Mii'MKc.i|ilc Iilfu of tho S,.ulli,.rn S<'im 108 'riiiwl-1'li.lilnK, Sill. •.■■.» .if (fuiitlii'to) xvl b|pii«iiiiiK KIkIi luki-n by, (lliilt.iw) .xvi Ti'i'Uly i.f Wiu-lilUKI.iii vili •• " KIT.'it nf ..II llritHi American Ki^liornu'ii i.x Kffuit .if on Dritiili Amurii'an Kii'h.'ri.'* \i\ it.iliilivi' inlviintiiK."' iin.l .IimiiI- viiiitii^.'H t.i I'liit.'il Stiit.iH mill liiili»li Aniirii'iiii l''iKli.'riiK'n, \ii.,ll ll.'^ti'iiiiuii." .if ill I'i'liitiiiii III .sjiiill Ki'.li 12(1 Oiie-ni.lHil in ita Kffuctin relntiuii tnSlllillKlHll 12tJ Tiiiinii, Tii|i, H.liTi'li.v l.i fur viiliio nf Kinli I'roiltivl* fnini (.'li"»,iii«iko Hay 128 liiiU'il .'^iiii.i, ('iiiiir.il iivnr Ki'.hi'riiw v.vuri'iati.l liy Still. n (iiiv.'rniiit'nlii .if .xiv (liiv.Tiinii'iil ('iiiiiiiiii>.'>iiiii of Eiii|uiry in- tii till' •tllUi nf III.) I''i»ll.i|'iu!< .\i.\ l.iiiiil.'il .\i-.'ii.if Sl'ii Ki.li.'ii.'j. 2, (i.l, ll.'l Kir.'.l nf tlui liiiiiitriil Area of Sen Kinli- eries (17 Ari^a iif wiitiTS nfT, iiitliin tliu Kill falhfini liim i.f S.ninilintc' IU3 l.iiiiil.'.l An'a nf the KisliiiiK llan'its off lll« (,'iillMt iif 112 Ki.Hlii'iv .111 lliu (iraii.l Hniiki' ile|ii'ii.li'nt npiiii llurriiif,' Unit prniuri'd Ir.uii .Vi'ivfuun.llnii.l 118 Siiitiniirn nf till! Deep Hen Kisliing Mnrini'nf 124 H.'.liii.' nf Miirki'rel T.mnaKu nf \'2!) I'lsln'rii'.". .k'pt'ii.lftiit nhi' upon niii)tlic'r.,.I.'tll A^i;n'(jiili> Aiiiiiiiil Vnlii ■ nf I'i-ImtIi'S nf.lilll (irunt Vlllllu nf lilt' ('11111.1111 wuUti. nf S.iiitli nf llu'.T.nii I'linillil.. vii. 12.1, 1,10 lt.'.|nir..'s liiii.i to recii|ii>nito i!\linii.>le.l ('nn.xtal ivaterx xi.x Oiiin to xiv Olinmctor of till! t'oii.«t liinu .'i Cliura.iiT .if llif l'na.it Liiiu niiitnl to Hhi'll-llsli iii.iii.siii.'M U'7. 128 A tin' .Miiiiiic will );ain in llio pi'iwi'.'iitinn nl llii' llcrriiin Trailn.,.122 I'oillisherii'M ill .Soa-s olT Jlrili^ii AiiH'ri.-an (JiKHU" .'ntiriily ilnpi'ii.leiit ii|ion Unit pi-.icuro.l lli.'ri', (S.'ii Hail.) .Sim. " llerrinR," ()Iij.;ct .if till) l.oailiiiK l-'islieries of llii'...l II I'liili'il .siiili-i. I'i.ilu'niu'ii, (Jr.'at liiikn nml Lii.<.« nf l.ifn aU.iii.liiif; IlioCnil Kisherios ofr tliu (Aiaat of tliu Unituil Slati'!. V, HO Ailvaiitimi.'!4 tliuy pn.isi'ss in lii'iii^; ttlilu to Kisli H mill of t le Xltli I'aiallel ami in the K.\fliiKiH' Kiijoyiii.'i.l of the Sh.'ll KIsU In.liu- trifs vii, viii, 12(i, 13i) Distriii'tive Moilea of Fish- ing xvi, 13!) Ailvantngcs of the I'sy of llie Cna,try prlllalili' l-'l CniiililiniiK fnr rrolltal'lcdi'- lUlutinn liy I-'II) Kiii'ixy ami Aliilily nf I.11» I) -tru.'lin' nil' nf s.'iii.'ii liy, IJllI II. IV, .l|ip IKill^' lillllll lii.liis- tiii'H ill til" I'liiti'il Slali'K havi'iilT.- i.illhi' a lii>i),'iiill.'aiil Idili.i till' ll.'.'p Si'ii FitliiiiK' In.liiiiiy nf, l.i'arM to otiii'i' Ki.'y ri>n«r.l Kisln'ry Ijuv.i I».-. llnw llii'y ri>i{aril DilTi'riiil M.'tlln.innf KishlllK Ml r .S. inlll. nl l''l~ll mill Ki^IhtI.)*, His Di'-l.Tipti III nf llln K\haii>linii nf a I, i- cal FiKlii-'ry, (fnot- noli') ,\i, \iii Hill (>ju.:lu»innA an 1 i ' - w, 15() Pan... Wliitlmivcs, ,1. K.. IMniwl |(. Xi Kxiriicb fnim tlii' Offlri»l Ke|Kirt of... 42 On lliii l''.iiiil iif llioCiul 13(1 ni'fcrii'il til ri'^nriUng Xliu'kerel S|m\viiinK I Hit Wiiiil,-, Kflfi'i-1 lit nil Ciiiistiil rt'iilnrs !>S Ktli'it of DM till' TeiiiiMimtiirii nf tlii' Wnter dvit Hanks mill Sh.iiil.s !'S WiiiliM- Fisliiim fniCid in .Vwf.iiiiKlliunl ^r) In (."iiiw nvot'iii 37 I'lidi'. In Norwny 4.'! Winteis. C'nlil, II.iw they affect the Hank Pi»h«rie.< 107 Wiili'Kivn nn the lliiltie llorrinf! 7(1 WhitchtT, !■'. W,, I).;niiniiin {luininiiwidnor of Fisheries, Ills cnniiMThenaive Siiinnmries nf I)ii- niinioii Kislii'i'ii'.-* ri'ferroil to l.'i(i Wrei'k Ust ot (ilmicu.tter, Mrsd v Ziieii, .N'umlier.s piocluceil liy Cnvhs Hnrl I/jlisteps xii Ziini's. DifTiTi'iit ill (he Sen .vii 45. 41 i. 17, 4.S. "iS. .1 SO. \ (id. .' (11. .( (f2. I (!3. •■ (!4. li (.'(>. 157 Page. 43 les Ut7 711 (licries, of 1)..- 13il V xii xii AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO. I II. I -J. i;t. 14. 1.-). ir,. 18. III. •JO. L'l. • I.I ■2X •-M. ■-'8. II'.I. •M. ■■u. .I'-'. 3:t, :)4. :iii. ■■(7. M. .•«i, 411. 41. I-'. i:t. II. i."i. !■■.. 17. I'ruli'-Hiiv Siii'iii'ur K liiiinl Kciini't.s of llio I'nitiMl .Stati'.x Cmnniis.sionei' iif l''i.ili iiml Fi.shcrii'!'. Vol. I., I87l-'J; Vol. II. 1872-7:1; Vol. 111., 187;K4, 1.^74-75. " " .\nniml Ri'ponl of Scicnco nml Inilustry. 187.'>. Ciiimillnn .SHsnion-l I'iiihms |iri'vii.ii» lo CoiifederatKin. Hon. IVliT Miti-lu'll, .M. I', .\iiriciiil lloport.s of tli« Dominion Ministcv of Murine iiml I'ishi-rifs, ^'^|■.!l-7.'l. lion. .Vlln'ii .•il Ui'|iorts of tlio Dominion Commissioner of Fi.slieiit'*. Fortin, Dr., M. I'. I'. Ai.'miil Iti'iioit on tlm Fishi'ries, 18'i(i to 18(i7. M. t'oftt! Kt'|iort for the or^tini/iition of Fi^lieri«8 iin rH^artls the inoronse of tile Nftviil V\ir(:e of Fiftni'e, 1871. M. Ancet.- I{<'|iori rpnclored in the name of the Comniission for the Kminiry into the Law reliitiuK to the (ireiit .■., I'. 1!., Fits,, ,>co. 1. '■ I'lirther Kni|iiiriei< on Oreiinii' Cireiilaliin." :!. Sinnmary of lieienl illi- servnlion.i on Oecan Temiieratnri' ninili' ill II. M. .'<. " ( hallenKe'" anil I'. .'<. .*<. "Tii.^L'arora." .'i. On I'hy.'^ieal lnve.«ti(,'alion.i on liounl the ' Valorous." 4. On the Tiim|ieraliirB ami .-Vniinal Life of the Deep .Sen. I'. Ilerliert t'ariientei-, li. .\. Heport on the I'hyxienl Investigations carrieil on in II. .M.S. ■■ Valorous" ihirinn her reiiirn voy- age from Diseo Islnml in .Annnst, 187.'i. I'roe. of the Hoyal Pioeiety. 18711. Its of a cmise in II. )" .Soeietv, 18711. age from Diseo Islnml in .August, 187.'i. Proe. of the Hoyal P. W. II. Veiiiiiug, ln«pectiir of Fisheries, -lieport on I'lsherie) [lursiieil l.y Americans in C.inadiau waters, L'Slh Oi toiler, IST3. Keports oil the Sea Fisheries of the I'nited Kingdom. I'ilote de Terre-.Neuve. Admiral Clone. .\le.\ander ScMultz. Account of the Fisheries and Seal Hunting in tic White Sea, the .\ivtic tJcean and the Caspian Sea. .loiirnals of the Dresden (ieogniphical Society. lH7.'i-74. Dr. .V. I'etermanu. Dei (filfslroin ini S immer (.lull) iiii Winter i,iaiiii;ir) iind Staiidpunkt der Therm. niietrisclien Kennt- niss lies nordatlaiiti^eheii Oceans uiid Landgeliieles ini .Tahre, I.S7II. Von A. relerniann. .1. Math, .lone.s, E,si|., F. L. S. -Transactions .Nova Sc.itian Institute Xatnrttl .Sience. Admiralty Charts. ,1. C. Taclie. Tallies iirepared hy the Deputy Miui'ter of Agriciiltiir,', showing the statistics of catch, I,s7ii. K. W. Iliildsworth, F. L. S., F. Z. S. - Deep .Sea tlshing and Fishi ig Boats. Kongerigel Xorges Storthings F.irlmndlinger— (.Norwegian I'arliamentarv D icnnieiits.) (.Selections translated fir the writer, hy W. Svenkriid.l lieiH.rt on the Fi-heries of Nova .So itia, hy Thomas F. Knight, 1.8(17. Vice-Consul Crowe Report on the Fisheries, Trade, and (ieneral l-Valnres of Iceland, 18(l."i-|.S(lil. Capl. I'. A. Scott. H. X,, C imiiiaMilerof the Druid, Report of. Dr. licriiard iiil|iiii Traiisuetioiis of th > X.iv.i Scotian liistitnleof .Natural Science, I*',:!, ISim-Oc,, PSiiC-i;;, l,s7.'i. Capt. .Miller. U. X., II. .M.S. -Sirius," Fisi erv Kep.irl, 1873. C.ipl. Frskiiie, I!. X.. II. M.S. •• lOclipse." Rep.irl. |87;i. |.'^7."i. Dr. Sutherland (^cirlerly .I..urnal of the (leolot;ical Society, LS53, Revenue Ollicers Report.' 1 8,-i7, ( Xewroiindland). Capl. llrown. li. X., II. .M. S. " Danae," 1871, .1. O. Fiaser— otllcial Reliirns. Cupt. I'ai~lcy. R. X., II. .M. S. ■• Xi die" -Report on the Fislieries of X.'wf.iimdland and Lahrador. The Fi.sherinan's .Memorial and Record Hook liy George H. I'roctor, (iloncester, .Ma.«s., 187.'i. The Fisheries of (Iloncester From llie lir~l catc'h of tlie Kiiylish in lli'.'3 to the (.'entennial Year, 1870. (Iloncester: I'roctor Hrotheis. I'lililishers. 1.^7(i. .\l. Lamhert de ll.iilieii. Rec illections of Lahrador Life. London, 18111. .Napoleon Ijivoie. Annual Reports on the Fisheries, ISiV.i to 1870. M. H. I'erley.— Report on the Sea and River Fish. uies of .New Brunswick, LS.'>2 ; Rep irt on the Fi.sheries of tile li.iy of Fnndy. Rev. .lolin .Vnilirose. Sune Ohservations on the Fishing (iroiinds ami Fish if St. .Mirgaret's Biy, X. S. ; Trans. .N. S. Inst. of .Nat. Science, |,8c,.-|-C,(i, l,8(i(i-(17 .1. F. Whiteaves. F. (i. S. Report on Deep Sea Dredging in the Ciilf of St. Ijiwreiice, 187-'. .Newfouiidland .\uniuil Fishery Reports. British Fishery Commission, lS(>4-0.'i. Report of Royal C.iinmissioii, 180,'i. X. R. Wallace. " (ieographical Distriliution of .\nimal.s," London, 1870. John Milchell. -The Herring." (f R. Beiinet. Newfoundland .lonrnal of Assemlilv. Capl. Iloskins, R. X,. II. M. S. l-:rli/>.ie. Rep ut for"l87'.'. II. W. .lohnslon. Reini's for lS7.'i Till' .Nortlii'iii l.iiliiailiiT h'iMliiiiK' (ir.iiiiiils. .\.ivmiilnT lK7fi. H.v tlH' .\iilliur. Siiilint; l)ii-i'iMi..iis f,.r Ilic (liiK iiiul Kivi'v SI. I.iiwn-iiro. Ciipl. liiilliiiitiiic, K. .\. Niiiitiral Mnnazini'. .Simtii'iil MiiHiizmi'. .V.lmiml Itiivll.'hl. It. \ •■ The (liilf ..f 8t. Uwifiuw. , , , „ ,,, , ,u . ,«,.« Coininuii'lcr W. CliiniiiM., K. .N.. II. W. S. r;,mHf/.-.IoiiriiHl ..I tin' ll.iyal (itionmiiliioiil Si.cioty, |SI>S. Illumliu'ri'. .Mons, 11. ,1c hi.—" I-a I'mIic i>t lu.i I'.iitsniis." I'aiis. INIIH. Toiiuc, 1'. '■ WancU^iiiiK Tlu.iiK'ht.^." (Xewfcuiullnncl.) Uiiiilnii, lS4ri. roitlfj-, Ki'V. Clmvh's — lliHi.ii'y "f Xiiwf.Miiullaiiil. Carlwrinlit ."^ixti'eii Year,'* mi Ihi' I'liaci I'f l.alnwh'r. Luiiilun, 17H7. .\oi-(lcnski.>M, IV..tcs.s,.r. .VtimiiU of an r.\|«',lilU.ii I'l (iiwnlaii.l, 1H70 U.M11. CmiiiLaiuUiit;, .M.'X. Miiiray, V. S. N.-^Kqinl nM th,' hahnnlnr hHip.-.. hxp.Mlition, 18 ,0. William KcPv. M. I). On Ih.' (..inpcvatiire nf lhi. miHaci' wati'i- nvor Imiik^. ami m-ar Ihc |. .lames S. Iliiywur.l, Ijimliun Surveyor. St. .lohii's, XeWfouudland Law- iif the .\relie .Sens. Transaetions of the Il.ptanieal Society of Uepo't of a visit on the Heveiine Sorvici' to the western portion of .Newfiainilland.with various atalistieal and other inforiimlion in relation to the trade and llsher- ies of tlio.so loealilio.s, St. .loliii, 18(15. .\ppoiidix to Journal of the ('mineil. Xewfoumllaml, IWiG. iidrews. On the Cod and Lin^ llsluiries of Ireland. Quarterly .louriial of Science, Oct., 18(il. lieiit. I'.d. Chappel. 1!, X. Voyage of II. M. S. " Kosewood" to Xewfoiindland and Soutlieru Uil lonnycaKtle Newfiiuiidhmd in 184'.>. . , . , . Collection of Papers on the Arctic (le iKiaphy and hthnolo;;y, n^pnuled and presented to ilie hy the Prosiilent. lloniieil ami Kellow.s of the Koyal (luograpliieal Society. irador, 1818. ,\rclic K.xpedilion of 187.'i, I'rof. CiddiiiK'. On the laws of Currents. Census liep .rt, Ni'wfonmlhiiid, 1874. Census Iteport, Canada, 1870. Ilaklut. Vnyiiites. Xotiee sur les oli.scrvatioiis iiiot«orcdof;iiincs faiies snr la eote senr (inntier, 1870. , ,, . .■ onde notice sur les ,diservatioiis mete irolo«i(pies faiies sur In eote iln Lahrador, par des Missionnires Slorave Lu I'rofesseiir (iaiitier, 1870. du Lahrador par des .Missionnires Mornves. Par M. I.e Prof.' See. Par M 189 llllf c.f St. 1.UW- urnal of Scii'iico, Kislu'ries. laniciil Siiciety "f Cl' til tlio WOstlTll 119 atiilistioil iiikI t tradu and llsliui- 15. Apiioiidi.v to 11(1, 18tiG. 18. pi'.lition (if l.S7ri, I'liiM. I.e rnifcs- Miiruvi-.s. I'm- M VII, vii. viii. i.v. .\. .V. \. xi. viii. .w. xi.\. .*i. li. II. IL'. 14. U. ■■UK ■211. ."Hi. 8.S. ti5. «7. 117. 07. iW. !H!. »!l. !»!•. I()0. nil. 104. 104. KM. lOli. MM. 108. 120. I •-••-•. v.';i. IJ.'l. IM. 140. 141. 14,). 144. ERRATA. I'llKC. I" lilies i 2 " 10 •• !l " 25 •• 12 .. ,12 " 10 " l.i •• 2,1 •• 24 " 21 111 23 .■12 14 14 14 27 ven .■^en men, benr to from top Kor Kor For Koi Kor For trttiii holtuni from tu|i For •• long lin,.," read 'ininii liii,'.." For " loMK line.' rend •■ hand line." ", ., ''"'■ "i^' to KHI fathoms," rend ".SO to LSII fnlhoiiis " from hottom For •• .Valional," r(.ad " Xautieal " '""""i- Iniiii t.ip F.,r ■•(•(puill.v e.s.sential." read •■ es,.'.v'-." lead " Dr. T. (hvyn .lellrey — Iiir toa larK'er, ' read "loalaive." " -for " 18(1 Ihs.," read "28.lll,s" liottoni for ■ relieve," read "relief." to|i for ".5lK)."ren(l " ,-,ii." " for "1877," read " 187."i." for " K.vrokok," read " Kypokok." hottom for ".Mollui-ks," read' " MoUusks " top for ••»7.00," read ■•8700." hottom for " as were," " read iis it were." " for "interest," read " iiiterost.s." top -for "all that period." rend "at thai period.- 12 , I , ■ , I ;f,.'t8a,(iO;) acr..,s '"'"''""""*""■'" I "^'1 .,,.„, "■■. -'M.!)(,!;s,,„„V l\';,l, I) . ■ • ■ )>/,hO(). ' ^ "'" '"^'■"^"•^•^7". V„l. l.pX.X.. |„„,„|„,, .) .\kh Hkii.vsuick. "■" ■ss:::::::;: tt ""■'■" ' - ■■ *" ■ • , , 02,.^7O •' I'Hiiil .irca l'i>|)iilal]i)ii (loial) |s7l 17.il93,410 acres. iir s(|uai'r miles, 27 177 '*"'•■" ii>" t'en^lls |s7l, v,,i 1 „ vy |,.„ , . 1 ' . ' "I- I. p. .\ A. iritniiliiciKMi. uJ:z:'' "' '■'■ ""• ^•- ' •'■ •'• '-.e ,,.. M„„K ,„ A,„ie.,s,i i. ..,„ . "■• ""■''-"•'■"^' '> h,'M\hun\ l„ l,e,„ll,„„l, i. e,.„.p„te,l Area i,.rnl„nal,)C(Jii,.Ur(lin,|.,Ml ■ I i • ' i . i.b.iii ^,p,.,l,. II I , f"", '''"'" '"I'l iiil'Hnl will,. rsi •. ..,)iiii,iii,.ii -.1 "e(li„.| iiilaiul «a(ei> . " """l-'H"! .il I2.i.7 17.1)0 a,T.-. , . ;i,7L'.s.i7(!' •■ ■ '•aim are.-i '"■'"'""""('-"•■'') 1^71 ^I_^^.^^ oi aren, | s7.5''!nnile.s: '^'"'" "'''■'''' •''■'''^''<-'\""l.' I. i..'-\\.'lM,,-,„l,„.,i,m -"-VJ-'f r'" '""■""■■ ' ' ' "" "'^ "' -■ -- ": :'f-iH^n3:S~^^^^^ ■■""- ■^^■^;i2,:-^,sf5S!:T;„ £■:,::::;;::::: " -- ^- ^'ll- TIIK I)||||,|.;i Ks, 'I"' ''I'eiieli lislii.riiii.ii ,il'.S(. I'i.r, \1,.,„ ,1 NtaII-SIICs .il- .\l:\VK(IU.MM.AMI IN ICIKj. lU i{<'sil|,..| "'■'P- llw%hrp M„ „i ii~.i. tj"llil«l» of ri»h (JiilTilaN lit KWi no. «l IHWUI. „.a.i- «.■.!...■ ».. ...^.1... If.l)!l. 17IMI, ITllI, ni-t, 1715, Kill, 174!i, 1750, Kiil, 1704, f), fi, 7, H, 9, 1 1770,1,2,3,4, I 1784, -., li, 7, S, !l, I7IIII, I. i. l!'2 7.1191 4,02C ; 1,314 101 !),19.S 2,1 1!» I !l>2 2«S 33,.-|12 4, Ids I,37ii i ."ilO 40,091 . .^iSo J 2,103 4HI1 ^8,!i.-)0 4.422 ^',25.^ parrit'il to iimrkct. 216,320 ' 164.370 97,W0 j 102.303 432.:J18 422,116 626,27(1 637,i).V) 524,21)6 622.1118 1. ApiH'nilix .N... H, (III. .Vi'wfuinilliUKi lfi'|H.rt, ITW. M'r.vnsTK'8 of Fisiikhik.s, I70;i to 179.5. '•. Ill 170:( llu' i)()|uiliitii>ii lit' NinvfiMindlimil romistoil iiltof;ollii-r nl 13,1 12 iiilmliiliiuts, iiifUidiiif; wonifii mid cliil- dri'ii. |)iiriiiji llml ^■■U'iiiii tluTr «i'r.' iiiri.lr 380,274 i|iiiiiliiU ul' mil li>li, 094 licri'rs iit' ^-iiliniin, iiiid I,')!I8 Ion.- ul' 'rriiiii nil. or llir iMiinlii'r i)t' rod ti^li aluni' ^liili'd, 23,5,914 had liri"i i'aii(,'lil and iMirrd In llio ii' proKn'ss i- sloady. Vi'iu. (jiiiiitHls Kxp'ii'teil, Yeiir. Uuiiilals K.vpnTtt'il, 1701 470,118 1784 4ii7,8-^4 1705 493,0.54 1785 .591,270 179.5 500,0110 Inii Miirx:. ts ash Kisiikiiiks, iiiom IOJIOto 1792. c. The avonigi' miinliiT of iiilialiitaii's of N'i'wfoiiiullaMd riiniiiiiiiif; in Ihi' I'lmiitrv in ihi' wiiili r liptwocii 1792 was as follows : — " ' 1 00!) and Yi'iirs. .N'o. of Inhaliitiints. 1099 — 1701 3,!>06 1714—1716 3,501 1749—1751 5,855 1704-1774 12,340 1784 — 1792 15,2.53 In 17>7to K"*!), iiii'liisivo, tho followiii;; i|iiantilii's of cod fish wito iiiivde by the British in Ncwfoiiiidland, fully oni'-lmlf lii'iiif; iimdi' liy I hi' inhaliitants, llu' n'liiaiiidiT hy the fishing ships. Y IT. No. of ({iihitalfi. 1787 732,015 17S8 948,970 17S9 771,.509 Till' folliiwiii;.- miinhi'i' of pi'oplc winti'ri'd on llie Uland ; — Yt«r. No- of People. 1757 18,162 1788 18,209 1789 19,HtO Till' No. of Kish Stall's in 1792 ainonnlod to 2,350, '■' spnili; I. Aiispiu'li jiage '281 ami i'-'.'). I. .\iii«nill\ -No. r>. (II.) Xuwfc'iiiiillaiiil lii'iiuii, I7M. •i. Till', limy III' 11 pniili.'i'- i'rrnf,Miiil llif ti'iic No. wuiil.l he I ;r>il; lli.' N'u, in ITI'fl wai 1,,'m, ami in 1,91 ;,38fl. (ho coiMiimiiili' ttoiiii'ii niul chil- is loll-- (if Ti'iiiii ilaiiN lit' till- Is- ■1' Hrilaiii. I 111 s KvinTTti'il. J3.(io4 •1,27li 10,000 trtccn lfii»!) 1111(1 t(Miii(il:iii(l. I'lillv *""""""'*•'*"■-'"'■>• miiWiKl,,,,™..,.. 1784. 1785. 1786. I7H7. \',H». 1781). I7:)0. iri'l. IX1I2. ■>II.!H2 7;i:.'.olS 1MH,!»70 771.00!) (I4l>,()!)a M.i.li. I.J' Irilii,i,n,,„|,^ l.'Hl.'..-|7tl .'MI.Ml'ii •»57.1o:) .'l.'ll»,2(io •'101.'.!) 7-1 -'2!».770 ^liJo.liiio •'• <''|i<.U..lMM.(,ii |{ V , , , ""'" * ^''^" '^' '■»'■ Vkau 1«20. "^ 'I'lmniic'i'. . -Men. ... ';;■•• • Moilts. . -Mon ; WIllllcM Nvil-i '\\n\H i,r ,s,.,,| Oil" I'lOI-C'S of .Slljllioil Qiiiiidils of C'cmI, . ""''"^"■"'-^'' <'"P.';-o.is .,,, ' •■•^"^'""- '■■■' -',„.,„ ,.„. nii!o(i,s,,,(..,sF,sii,,,,,,,,,,.. »l-llls|| l''isli,.,-ii„.,i,. ''in'IciI S|„t,.,s f„|,.|, "I'llisli (',,(,.1, O.8.S0 1.305 .•>0,00li,,||i,|,,,| iSLriNi ■ ;^.&i^'?----::. :: ■::: "'•' ■^""'" ""'' ^•■»- Hniiis»i,.|< iM.OdO T„„.i.... i::!;"':;; spmi^!""'"""'"' ''"•'-"'-"- 'mm n;,ooo i.rH.oo;,s.:.i ■■.;;■;■, '^''^"o "" ""'^"-' ■'■"-.• 'H.«i..„fl„ of .i ,,„, m;\\ KOI .\i)i,\x,, f. KMii.iaii oil) usiiKin. '•^-^ll'lltMllf Fi,l,il,(J,|i,„„|,, 106,952 iii.noo 210.000 ■l!)3,65.t 769,877 691,276 VJ l8-i:t 1x41 1 sii> latc. 1S47 1S4S 1M!> 18.')i' IS.-il 1 8."r2 18i'>:t 1S54 1S.V> 1^5(! 1 857 1 S.")S IH.V.t l,«i;n 1861 I.sfi2 l«6:5 l.S(i4 18(i6 1800 1H(!7 I8U8 !?()!> 1870 1871 1872 187:» 1871 1S75 i87<; liiiiil (liiriiiy 111"' yours I8it4 to 181:) incliiMivc. No. (ii i;>iiiitul». (id 1, '277 (i2:),r)io 772,'<(i'.l 074,«lii f)7r>,ia-' 810, ■2l» H.>^»,474 ll'2;!,fil(i 711,o.'>S» 8!n,:too !i4 7.7112 l(i8(!,20r. NBWFOITNDI.AM). Iv\|lnl'tll (JUillllll.H h1 n^'l. 'l\ins „( ('nil Oil— CrmlBJNii nnd ItetliU'il. i i.r {Jiiiiiliils (ii II Tun iif Oil. imi.160 >'81,47;!i,iio.") s';7,o7:t ;)uii.:ii;ii 1,1 7."). 107 1.1180,1-2 l.iil7,l.V-' 07i'.O21 '.122,71s 771,117 l,107.:t-8 I.L'0-.:i34 l.:ili2.322 l,ii;!H.iis!i 1.122 244 I.:i7ii.8ii4 l.224.:t2n 1.241.740 I,iil2.:i2l l,oi:t,n:!7 sm.M.'iii l.dOO.'il.l l.l.")9.78ii l,|(i4.;):i.i l,;i2S.720 1.221.1."iii l.:io.!J51 4,:t.-.l 4,27.') ;{,l(il :i,o70 2r)H ;t02 SOfl 347 4.5S •JO'.I 247 28S 2:i0 27 s 32 I .^Oil liliS Mild wiiiliM'. Milil wiiiti'i' ^|)l'IIli; >i'ViM't'. Vcrv M'vi'iv \v iiitcrt I. ,„„i,> l.iirU iMlii-.. lor Trail... \VI,Mi.i.ll. -Mill .liiii.;. IM7 Ii. Thv liiitii Irnn IHJII t.i i8."i;'. ui'i' fi"iii I'l-iHi-v > 111*'' .)l N,wl..iiiiilliinil. siili.,.i|iiiMill.v Irmii ilHoiiiUtiiti'ini-nti. ; ^[H'lMi; ^I'ViTt'. Ill sliilcniciits. ins STATlSTM-s or KKDNCII M.;\V|-()ITM)|, \ M) MsilKUiKH. ' ■«"'"i""-;s-«:;;i;3::iHl:^ » Nmiil),.r..f ,SI(.n|N ..niiuKnl .llinliiM' «r Men ™ NmiiiUt III- Sl.inps ,.|iKiiK...l ill iho (iiilC ■(UhpHo," .'.'.V.V. ■ "?? ^nnllll^ nl .llrn "> \unil».|-nr,nmllor vn«M'l«, lHiat». (.•inl.iiriMlicins)'!"! . If.l .NniiiU'r 111' Men "•" >'l""|is (T.iiiilj ^'5'* Mi'M, •• ."..,'.■■.'.'■■■■.'.' "" Diiiiiii, •• "T't M •• :ir)0 ■■ 7ftu Id till) Ih- I'lliUHK. (I., '"^l^^l.l.^ l-II, \M) H, (-llsillM! ox niK H.WKfS .\.\I) OIT ,ST. JsiiV. INIi8 ISIiH JsTii. IS7I IN7U. I ST.'!,. I«7I. N'l). \'('47 ■) \irv , >> .,-,^, Vmsm.N. 'roima^c. I I)l.-|.1M- .... l'riiii'i|)iily ■ l''ci'Hiii|>. .. .s(|uiirc [.St \';ilorv. I'itffji'il ( (ii-,iiivill|. .. vcs.seJM. j St. .MhIo ... •M.Mi. T..tal Ve.ss,.N.lT„Ult,...n,iK,..i Total iiivii. ^'I. I'lcnv, acliixini'r.s .. liKciil linats, iiDi (li.cli,.(l IST.T ',>i''IM''' I'IM'IIMip •. .St. Vaici'v . .. • iiviiiviiji' M. .Mtij,, St. 1'ionv--Sc|i(ioii(M l/iifiil liiml.s > 1277 157 ■21 ■Iiih; 4:)4 1 >;io H(\ i 11 (i.")8:' 11(75 ;<;t 4fil..' 841 i ;::(!» 3S IT);-. r)27() 1711 (iul 1065 1284 !» 1 l.il 17.') •J2 SlSi) 44!l •,i (140 till 4:« 0771! , lil.'Ki •At) 4;"i74 iU!t Iii7 i>s-j:, 2115 1 r»!)o I34(> 1:H() 865 ad,552 aH2() IS71. llii'PIH' I'Vi-ui'ii) , St. Vnjprv nraiivilin - .^1. .M.il Ill 111 •J 41 4u '■^t. I'iorrc Scliooiiors, Ixii'al JKiats IS! 5.-.1 lolli 46(17 .■t84 (ifiilli 4171 S!l9 20,086 603<; 192 3!I9 4(1 Kill 742 .i!»!l4 loK7 20.i| 12o« 847 2J4,9C5 5(521 '■ "-P"H on.l„.X.wf„umlluu,h.,„l Ul.™.!,,,- K„h..,i.., ,S7A; l,y (;ai„„ii, K,.u,„., ,;, x. Tlic liillm\iiii; lillili' hIiiih- IIik iiiiiilil inn cil'llii' I'mnli iiml I'liuli-li N'lm rinniilhiiiil ( 'oilli^liorv in I7'IA i — N.i i.f.iii|H ;i;ut men I I.HW tuiinnKi' Id.'HA IxmlH I.Tll.'i " -.Mni". .. (117 t^iiinl.il- ol'tMi riin«lil I>«H,TIM> IIIi.Ih. i,|' oil (i.^lo Siiip'N Iiiii rnni nf oil I.TiiO Tivn-i-H III' naliniin Si-ii Ciivvs / .Miiili'lmnn IkIiiiiiI) riinoiirnil \iiliii' III' "ivil nil liikcii lust wihliM' ..•• ■.n.i i'.'i.iiiii Till' ili«i'r'|iiiii'\- lii'tvM'i'n till' iiiinili T nl' men ('Mi|)l<>ytMl liy llin KiiKlinli im riiin|iiiriMl wiili lln' I'mii li is uxpliiinnl liv Oiivi'i'ii'ir I'ttlisiir I I itris" iVmn Mi.' I'lnjilns iin'ii' >il' Ii.'i7(l inliiiliilunl <. wliirli iin' im liiilcil in llu' u'l'H "i':il cniiin'nUiiii. ANNl'AL \ AMI", i)V I'lIK KISIIKUI KS ()(." DIKKKUKN I" COIINTIUKS. AodllKOATK VAI.l'K OK KlIKNCII KlillK.HIKH rniiici'. 1M7I 70.00(MMl(l Fnini* |M"2 7l,0'Mi,0(m 'I'll.' !•• riicli Nii«liiiii,.lluiiil fUln-niM pmiliii'i'il lO.fttHMiOO I'rani'ii In ls72 lUiil 8,;tiHI.00.» fi,inrs in |s71. ■I'Im' Kicnili lo'liiiicl (islirric- I'l, 1(1(1,0110 ('r:uii'» ill I S72. mill ,'i,.'sl.OilO Imncx in IN/I. In iiii iirticlo on " Lim I'l'clii'iii'H ili- 'riMni- Ni'iivi'," ill ilii' lii-viic ili'K Di'ii.x Miimli's r<< oI' St. I'iiTrr unil Mi(|iii'liin (.K/r//ii- Willi till' Kiciieli lislicrii'H nn iIiIh kiwiIIi'iI l''ii'iirli >liiiri', an' lln.'ri' stiili'il In ('ni|iliiy ',1,000 sailiirs, ami ti liiiiij{ .siiinii l"> In "JO inilli iim fiaiii'S I'l I''i'iilivli I'liiiiiiivrci'. Fill Mil I'lsiii in lis riiK Ni wnii mh, \mi Ciiaht. 1N7I. I'roilii.'t S,.100,000 Niiniliitr (il vi'hkiiIh uii)iii{i;i'il Iliil 1S72. I'loiliii;' iif N,'Alniiii(llaii(| KisliiTV lO'iOfl.OOn NiiMiliiT nl vi'ssi'ls cuy iiticl ,. ' 1><7 I. ('iiiiiisii I'Ai'ounii I Hum Si- I'liiiiii; vsn Mii^i ki.un '-' l^iliiMl- .Irl.'.l l-i.h. Nn. 1.1 unmi F;-l' 23:i,2'JI M)n,7l\. N'liinlx'i' nlli.li. I .s."iH 1 H.V.I I Mill I \Hi\\ I hi;-.' IKi;:! 1H(;.| 20fi.0'>0 iii,"..;i.".'.i a(i('i,.'i4.') I i")2..'i«;t i!)(i.y'J7 ','20',i.o7ii. 1.-2HO.S72. 1,01 l,-JO.'> l,oii|,;!HO. !i,2.'tl,'.'"i.'l. Kilnijiainnii'. I.Ci'.M.tMi;!. .V.im//..-"/' (Jrii/I .i,//~'.) small ciiili mill linaU 2.712 iiii'ii 1,011 '• ■I'ntal 7,28S ,ST.\T|STI(S (IC Tin; l.dliirKN I'islll'.lflKS |'()|{ Till'; VKAlt IMTO TO ls7.t INCI.rsi Vl", Veir. I'i- h. ^l I.I III 1 ,\\>'l . Vi 'I.I in li.i.-. Niinilirr. I'rii'i' piT I'.'d. ({iiiinlity. 1 I'liri'. (Jiinntlly. 1 I'ricd. .Mlllinll.. Sp. ilnl. UaiTi'ls. Np. dill. Kanvls. S|i. il.il. 1870 |2:» Ci :!ii,(i(io fi 2ii,iiOO !1 1H71 1!) 7 22.000 li U, iii,oon 7 1872 l.s (i 1-.-. 21.000 1 -, :(-.■) 22.000 (! 1-5 1873 22i 7 "lO.liOO 1 (i .•(1.000 ,s (I I Hi'Viu' .Miirili 1 (■.il.iiiiiil,-, KS7-I. (-1 .Vi'wr.iiinillancl.ioiiriml ..f llii' Ciiiiuil, ISiKi. I") Ci ri.% : -■ I it u.\|iliiiiiril liy 'iiiiiii'i'iili'iii. "1 . 'I'lii' Kfcni'li •Ill'I'il'H ill- 'I'l'l'll'- I:iIimI to ('iii|>li>y rsivK K.x's. I'ricti. ~8|). 1I..I. I) 7 (; 1-5 s HIT rli::;;'"'"""" """'• ' ' , , •„.„ „„ I ill 111.' (Iilii.rv I'lirlhc DICr.MLS OK SU\miAU\S nsilKINKS. ,. , ,, , S|u)ci.i UnllHln. ' ncl ll«|ic|-rs .1 -, ■ « <• <,„.s UHll.fiLVO Mv.TOii ; i"'-"'"! "•■'•"•'f: '■■'^iii'i'v ;v;:;.:;::. , ;j:;-!!;i; N.ini.Mi ■• i»i>:.\r,<, l,.,l«(,.r ■• •'"•■""" i:i(!,S48 Tolii .1' ,1ft. ^^ '-■«"" "r ,,. .,:.„„. ,,„. „.„.„.;.. ,;, ,„„^. HWTl'SKI) IN T„K I-OL-OTKN KIsukky. I"' CAl'K nUKTON ISJ>Ax\|) ■"-™"™" "■■'■" • '-' " '•' ""■ " • '■'• ■ '■•." ""■ ,... .„„ „H«, ,..„ V-pnml I?,iy, ,„..„. (;.,|„, j^-,,,.,,, |),vk vesaols. SlialloiM nr"Kai,isli H„y ,.|„| Oove '.'.'r."V! V" 30 ' I^Ii'.nanMi Isluiids I'"it DaiiplHi, „„ St. Aniio's . '.iilran.o „f Great Urusd'Or. I I'lit Hias d'Or _ S|i,-iiiisli Hivi!f nr .Sy.iiM.y .... . Iiiiliaii hayiir l.iiifjan ....... | Srall.iric isliiiid...? * . ] ' •^laiii a Dion '•"lilllllH'.S ' I-i)uisliin a 100 20 ('• <''MiM/iiir licji.iit. •MO 245 no •i.-s (ill 50 200 190 80 300 I(i8 (iiili.ii\i» liny Koindio Si. lO-piii Kliiiiil (TiHiule l{ivi(M'(' I,'.\i(lnise. . .. St I'uii.vs K-li ill' (irat Isio Miidaiuo liiviM' iiiiil Bay of liilmliiiants l)ill';'l'('lll |li;u-l'S ill lllli(illl ,lt (.'aliso. KM) 100 100 I'Ji) ileckuil V(!88i)ls Hi 8 men mn li I,.')')') Slinlln|w al Ci iiicii cacli . . . . .-.0 .')0 (I.I (!0 14 100 i.;i.-).'i ,"),8(W i),;i;ic. 'I'uial l^,i:w "2(! iluvkuii vi'8-fls lit 700 (|iiiiilaU ... .iOS.-.HIO l,."i.').') slialliips at .lOO (|iiiiit lis .Ilifi.JOO ■I'uial. .'.•7 1,700 i|iiii.|als Tliis was tlir amount of lisli aaiiiiallv i'\|i.irt('il rriiiii Ci|ie Breton. l'I.SIli:i{V .sI'XTI.srU'S Oj' ( AN.so. Ill l;i!0 1'. Mas.aiiMii' !•■ lati's lliat lint I'm' tin' (l('|iivilatniiis iil' lli.' Iinliaiis, .'ii.iir I ijiilnials ul ni.lli.ji \\o:il.l li,i\i' Iwcii fxportL'il Inaii (Jaiiso in llial yi'ir ; ami in 17:.'.') (r.in'riioi- .\rnisiroiii; writi's llial lln' Ciiisu lislicry is "uiu' iil llio (.'R'ali'sl ill tlir uiii'ld." Spcakiiii; ot'CliiMlalinolo in 1740, Coi'inviillis ui-itcs lliaV tin' hurlvinr is "rnll ol' fisli urall kinds," iiiid ill ilio sum:' v.'ar In' sta us tliit ( 'lu'liiicl.ii, ill rcspoL't of tidiiiijf, iias tin- ad\aii:a^o of all llii' Mariliini- ('olonics. In n.'iO C'ori'wallis 111)1 ii't'd ilio i;c>iiiTal liiilinv ol' llio lislici-i^'s, Imt (.writiii;; t'.'om llalil'.ix) ho says tlii' piMiliico of llio lislicry is Onl l'.'),iinO ,|iiiiitals, instead of HH.OiiO, a- In' cNiu^'lod. Ill llir MMi- 17(0, a.'iMi-dini; lo .-i i'.>|Mprt 'Ciit to (In- l,[ir.U C.iiiiiiii-sjon"r- of Tridi' hy (' i|)l. Smiili, ,.f II. M.S. '• Kllliani,"' till' ^nanWiip of Ca-.siMii, -IS ^rhooii'Ts aiul :)0,'J c'lialoup ucro c.iii|il.iyi'd in lln' !■ .d lislii'i'i.'s .if Ciiir lii'rion, at the followiii;^ iilaci's : - liiiintnls. At I.Mii-li..iiri,', !_' ~.-li.p.."ors, uliicli caii^lil •>5:mn •_'ll I i-li."'.i..| >, Niiiaiiiilir, .')i S.-alarn'. si-lionni'i's, IS ,rli:.loiips. Hal.UH'. ao l.oi'aiiil)i-i', 12 Foiircliii, 1',' St, i;>piit, L':t •■ Isle Mirlianx f) " IVtit do (irat, \H •' l/liiilii'iiiR', II •■ .10.11110 l.'i.ooo :i.i,oo .|,.'illO ti.doo I'.IOO .'iToo (i.ooo l.-.'.'iO ■l..')(IO ;!.,'')Oo ,lal. Niiin'i •!• '.f li-lii , 1 1 7,O.')0 ...•211.") CAI'l'. liKlM'ON ISI,.' M). '• It lias liccii ascTi.iiiic'd that finm dit! |i!)rli.iii tif [Ids Isl.md widiin tin' .Slrait of (_' ins i i!n' l.illo.viiiL- ipi inlili.'- of tisli w. rr I'xp.iiIiMl in llii' yi'.ii I "-.'lO ; — Cidlisl, lli'ifiii'.;^ Spring' .Mai'k'Mi'l Kail Maik.ivl... •J.S./)70 i|iiiiilals. S,7.'iii liari-ida. .'il.r.iio 7,(i70 •• No ii'ti|-iis can I'l' ,niici|icd Iroiii -li.' Norilicrn .■ind W.sto.ii p.iiiious ot this Island, llir iMi i-in^lil m-ar H'lliell lii'- iiii; sjiMiioa Iv t'anii'd diirci lo inaiki'i Iroin lln' li-liin;," yroiinds liv tin; lisln'rainn tlii'nisi'lvi's, willionl irliTonitfi to any riisioin Ilousi'. li has lii'i'ii a-i-'-rlaini'd. Iiowt'vi'r, on •;.) h| anlliorily, th.il tl: ipianlity of hiniings and mack 'I'd caii;;lit and I'liicd at Caclicaiiip (the West. nil I'Xiremiiy ol Capn lircton), daring tlnis-i-oii ot l"i.')l, was mil. less than 100 OJO harrelK." (4 J TAIU.I': SIIOWIM. I'lIK I.'KI.AI ION Hi; I'W ICICN TlIF, VIi;i,|) Ol' Oil, AND rilK CAICII OK COD AS INDI('AIIN(; I'lIK CONDI I'loN OK I'llh: I.IVKU OK TIIK KISII AND I'lIK VAHIVl'ION IN Tin : si;i*i'i,\ oi- FOOD Di'iiiNi; di;ki;i!KNI' \ kaks 111 1 s'lli 11 n'ipiircd :i 111 (|ui!il:;ls .n pi-o.lai-c i lH,-)7 ■• ^-sil l-'.-iS l-.-iii •■ L'.')7 iMid 2!lli ISlil 'M] Fmii! Brown's llf^lmy of I'apc lirctiiii. Xovti Scoliii lit'cutiii'iits. A llisti.iy of the Island of t'lpe llivlnii, l.y Kiclnii-l lir.iwii, R (i S. Andi''w's Itep .11 oiiC.il.iiiial and Lilie 'I'r.nlu, Washiiiijloii, l.sftl. , IN Ion ■ I'-. 1! NKU f Cod u. s., I.iu 1. .nl NDI.AND. •r Oil, ,n, ISC'.). ( ( (1) r.'i (■■li 1 D ..■ill :(,H '(III iiiii i|iiii tals >.lll^"--'« -I '.niv..,. an,, .., ,„■ ,H, ... ,„. ,„.„. .,,. ,. ^,^„„ ^™" N'-l lis!,,,, a lianvl i.n.ive,.. No. of ,i.|, m, ,,„,,,,,„■ „„„ I>*70 . I«7I a', ....1150 1872 --'; ilS7 187;! !,-' 818 '"' 714 Aivonliii},' as nioi-.. fisli uoiv ivoniivil to inaKo ■, 1,.,,.,.^ ,i i;, ,. i ''•"•'•••I "' '••"•• H,„. a„,I live,- „|ip..a,. o 1„. n a • I ■ i . hIo "' "/" " '^'''''' '"""'"'^ '•"';'"'•'"' *" ">^'l<" ■■> ""■ '"'!'— •"•"- lisii .....ii, ,.. ..oM„.„ Ma,,,.: i;:';:i^,;:t .,a;::,;T;r,^:t;;! li^n?.'^' '""•' ••"'"''""' ''^^ ™- ^^^^i^^^ry^ OF Tl.F HAKTIFS KOTATION ON tIIK FAH.Al.OR riHUFNT 'i-rr. Ila„ ,.1,..,.,, anil a half n.il,. iL-i,,. ,h, ,,:,:." w;:^'';;: ;;; '^ """;"'■;, "" "'\' '^"i';'-'" '•<• ''-is i, IS a lit. I,. :. piooeiif artillen- «i,li ihirUa.,, po,.„.|s of n 1, V l' '' j ; :';;,"'""" '"'" ""'«l"",« -'" 1""mii1s aiul projc.lcl f, , "i"M"S Iron, norll, to sonll, i„ il,,'. nortl.orn hoiais 1 .,•• , , n . , ''"-■ '""''''■"■' "'"'"'" '" ■"•ivor .„• in' i,|,, ,„«„,. "■rr,.sf,.,a| ,„„v,„„o„t wl,i,.|, carri.-s i, .^.n,,,l, , , .;,, , T 1 ^ -'i '■';'""" ,'" ,""" '■""■"'" ""■ -'■'•'•^^i.^Iy ,,,,i,| «oiimllv Iron, Mo,-ll, u, so.th. ,.o„.i„„ailv travor as ' Vi ' > ^ '■'<•; <-v.'nN Uiowost The aivtio ,.,„™,t n,o^!„^, whic.ha,-.. „,oTin,. „i.l .,.„asi„. ,.„,,i,|i,v ,„„,,n|s 1, i^' s^ ini , iN '7-'' '",','"'" '""■''"".' "'" " •■"■"'■- -"•'■-■"■ !;i'i.iK a lioiiy ,,„ss,.ssi„. a ilis.i,,,, „„',ti„„- „r its oj •^,,,1 the ,1,1, 1 /' V '"''•".'" '^' "^ i' ""'•"• I"'' I"'"'"'!. i< pron,vss..s lowanis .|,r o,,nator. Tho ,vv.,-s,. f ,'hi is 1 ■/,'■'," 'I'l' i'""''^' '"' '■"•■•-"^i"K "v.sIopU- tn-nil. as ■^""".' ■■•"'• •■""' is c,i„ti,',„allv ai.aini, . , , s of , . .^'^ C^^^ ','!", '"" ^"•-'".'. " l.i.'l. 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