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Technic^' r,,*:;. .. ''ographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibliographiques
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6
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
CANADA
Hon. \V, J. Rorni, V/in>»|.' \\ W . (\jbt, <..M <;,, !)■ iiutu Mmiter.
PUBLICATIONS
or THE
Dominion Observatory
OTTAWA
W. F. King. C M.G., LI. D,, Director
Vol. II, No. 1 1
Tests made to ascertain
where conditions were most suitable
for the 72-inch Reflector
W. E. HARPER, M.A.
D
CAl
MT 403
P02-11
T T A W A
ruiVKRNMENT PlUNTlNG HVHKAT
191.")
Di:i>\RIMENT OK THK
IMKRIOR
CAN \l)\
HoK. W. J. Rarni:, MimMrr. \\ W. Cury, (
•.M.f!., Drpvlf MifMfr.
i^
v-""
tji
PUBLICATIONS
m iHK
Dominion Observatory
OTTAWA
\V. K. Kino, CM. (I. 1. 1.1), Dindur
Vol. II, No. 1 1
Tests made to ascertain
where conditions were most suitable
for the 72-inch Reflector
BT
VV. E. HARPER, M.A.
.Stl)8() -1
( ) T r A W A
(lilVKKNMKNT PiilMINC P.IHKAI-
i
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J>=
(■(i\ll NTS.
(itMHXr >l\ll\flNI 111 (iiMillliiN- Sill I, Ml'
I\ni|{" \ I iiiN utiiM Mh II iiitiii in,ii ^1. IhrnitTH
I'l.Ml^ Si 1.1. 1 nil hull In\ I ■'I Ii.MlUN
N.Mt in. ll^ riiF. I'^^ir-
iil-AI H \I. I 1 IM H\H\ 111- 'ritll'
'I'm. WiiiiK \T
MrillriTir ll:U.
H.iiilT
rciiiiiiiin
\lil(iri:l
i'cnticfon 'Sccdiiii Trill i
.\Ii-.Ji(iiic Hill ^s,.,.,„i,| Trip!
(*lt;iw;i iSiininitT anil Antiiiiin)
I'i;i.i.iMi\\i;v ('ii.Mi'Miisijs lit nil. I'i.mks m.-^iimi
\\ INTKK \ I^IT Til Nil TliHI \
Woilh .\r ()TT,\\\ \ iWlMlrl-
\lrTimU C'LI.M.\rK. .<M) UTMKH 1)\TA
llKSI.H.VL SrMMAHV .
Ai)ui:nda —
'I'rip 111 l.ick OliM rv;ilui-y.
riiciliiKniplir. of Noltln-rn Sky m1 \ii'tori;i.
.'I.I
-•:s
■-'7(1
L'fHI
■Jill
•.'!l(>
•2!IH
■_'!!! I
::iil
:i(i7
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:iiri
84680—2
■l.-l> \I \l>l Id \-( I ,; I \l\
\I<»>1 >l ITAl'.l.l-. I dl' I III
III, > i»\l»l ' ln\- U 1 III liii
TJ-IMIi III I I.I.I |«»U*
H\ w I II \iti'v;ii. \i \.
'i'lii' |ii()|i(i-;il III instill ;t ])iiwcitHI rrlirrtiiit; tclr^i'iipc ^i\ fcri in ili.'inii'icr
l|i'rr--i' alcij Ir^ljiin whrir the al lllii~|i||i'lir ri illilil ii ill^ Wi'I'r lilii-l -llllalili', a~
-iicii all iu-liiinhiii wmilil ri'i|iiii-c ihr \rr\- iic^l coiidii iim- at l:iin;il)liv 'I'lir
l'|illii'.\inu: ivpnii (nal- n: the fcst.s iiuulc al ililTinut -lalioii- in Caiiaila
wiili llial cinl ill \i(u
ll 'ri'inril naUiial tliai tiic iiiciriirulniiii-aj rt'pnii- uliirli )ii\i' I lir iiciiiTal
i-liinatii' riiiiilili()ii> >iii'li a^ li'iiipciaturc, prrripitatimi. aiiiuiiiil nl' clrar .^kw
I'l''., wiiiilil lie 111 lir^l iinpnrlalicc in .-ricci inir in a ;i:ilici;',l u;i> wlirrr .-iirii
la\ iiLlialiir jilacr- liii}:lit lie tiiiiini. W'lial \\;is drsiinl nf i-uiii-.i' wa-, the
place lia\iii!j; llic lii'i'alcsl percent ai:;c nii clear ninliH ami the he-i ciiniliiinn-.
of M^einir <in lliesr niiiht-;. \alurail\- the i;reatesi niiinlier i)( clear nights
iniiflil lie cNpecleil where the precipitaliiui wa< not excessive; the transpa-
rency Wdulil depend in a measure upiin the altitude al)i)\c M;t-le\cl, while
steadiness would depend U|iiin liia:i\ things. I'poli the deiU'ee In which
these ciindilions were riillilled would depend the <uitaliilil\' of the place,
considered I'roin an astronoinii al slaiidpoinl. Pro\iiiiii\- or ea-\ acces- lo
a lai'sie city and suitable conditions for lixiiifi wmild also tie iinportanl
considerations and should ha\-e due weight.
IMdli.MATlON IKiiM .\Ii:Ti:i)ifi)I.( H UC \l. lii;i'nHTS
.\ coin|..lation of nicteorolofiical data from places all o\<'r ( 'auada was
accordiny;ly mad". The available data were much more comprehensixc
from .sonio i)laces than from others, hut the following; table contains all that
there is valuable in tliis connection. The preliminary table comjiiled
•Siiimwlmt :iliiicl);..il fmrii ;, r< purl in tlio Dirwiur in J:.tiu:iiv. I!H1
h4t)80— 2i
276
ITHLICAI ln\> ur IHi; l<iiMIMii\ I iIi>i:H\ A li .H V.
iiichiilcd -A iimiilirr uf otlicr plnco. Inii I'nuii ihc ilata t'lcy were ^o
intViiui- tlial tlii- ^rc<inil liiuitrd i.'iiiiltcr iiiil\- wa-- (•ipii--i(l('rci|. In
the lalilr ilic ila\> ai'c rccknm'tl a- clrar il' iIk'I'c i> Ic-s lli.ui oD jicr cciil.
of clduil. |)arll\ cIoikIn if fnuii :^(1 1"T itiiI. In 7(1 per ci'iil., w'nilc excess of
tliis percent aue ranks a ilav a> cloiulx . 'I'lie i nlunni lieaded "cloudiness"
sums uu lliese re-ulls and ^iive- a faii'iy I'elia'lile index of the ciiai-acter of
tiie da>- e\cii tliouiili tlie pefsonal equation of llie olisefvci- must entef into
it. ( )f recent xcars suiisjiini recorders ha\c hecii introduced at a y:r;';'.t
many stations whicii do away wiili iliis personal e(|uati(.n. The results
for the i)laces iiiNcn in the laMe hear out th<' estimates of the ohservers.
Now, while the "day cieaiiiess" is not strictl\ the "niiiht clearness," and
local conditions can he imafiiiied which would mak the two differ, \-et it
is tlie consen-;i- of opinion that in the le "^ rim the two will avcrayie uj)
ahout the same iid hence the perceiitau:<' of cloudiness for the da\- may he
taken as rei)rcseniat i\-e of the niiilit as well. I ater on mention will he
made of sjiecial work ha\ini: in \ i.'\. tl letermination oi the "(luaiility"
of sceinii at some of the stations selected.
( iravoilmr^t
W innipcs
i;;itilrf„r.l
.\I'.llrinr II:, I.
H:illlT
Viri„ri:i
MKTE(>1{(J1.0(..HAI, UATA \i VKAIUS il»'J.".-iyO«)j.
TlAirKUOl KK
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1 . . *
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a
^
inchrs.
infhcH.
li.lll.div-.
Fcpt.
j'H' '.i.i ■_' - ^:i :; Is -' i:; n :•■; \'', i.i"' \y<". .\i vs :;", niMi.'.M'.j h-t
7711(11 :i -:il ~ IK) 1 l.'i; IJ'i nil lu.")iii' :!,'i s."i .'.ii ,"> s |l,lll^ nLi>-iiu
7ii(i'.'-' 1 :i'.t L',--'^-" '■' "" '■'"' "■' II'' '' ' -"''■' .'II --I si .-lii'.il l:! '.I
lir.'ii '.•'_' 1); - los'j-,; :i:u i i-'7 i:;i. in:; 'I'l m n lu i:; 7',i7s,Min T'.i,
•JKil '.IS !i -.•).'>-:i'j| li 11 ■■ 111 I'.ii 1111 :.". Ill I I i>ii \\ 1 1 711 .Wl.Tti
:{:iyis!i .■, -:cj 7;jl ii:!7 l lUi hU ii-' 7'i:;."i I'.i lU Hi :;ii 7s .'jOI,
l,-,4Js.-|-.s: -:).")-7:.'l 7 .1.". Il llliti )5(>
. . j 7()i27
IjiKiitl :{, -ll-j'.>l 1
ll!i:i'.).s-5 - 8-(l
8.5!s4-7 +20-3
19- 1 47-7 94 149
12-4.TO-3! 91 107
iu»)i i:i.si7;) 211KI Ji 11 7(1 oi
-'■- 12-.>
122 71
ItW
1.52
9 -St)! I(»ti2
S 20-51 27-83
56
55
63173
8
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(1, 7
Ill
s>mii.
'Years 1909-11 inclusive Ironi Kelowna 10 miles northeast.
~rii.\ni.i-. -n )•; mu rm-; 72-in( .i iii;Fi.i;i run.
>iiicc iliis laMr was cimipili'd oilier ilala lia\(' cninc to liaiid. wliicli
licar upon ilic (iiioiioM ami nia>' l>i' tal)ulai(il licrr, Most of this was
>cciii-('(l wlicn llic writer vi>ite<l the ililTereiit stations ai.il tiu ^'h tiie
kill(hie>> of tile ol)ser\ii~ liail a('c<'ss to tiie delaileii meteoroloirii". fecoi'iis
at tliese piai'i's.
HANi'i- SI i.i'iiri! \iiir\r\iN, \i.ii itdi: tim ri:i;i'j.
Mn\ \\iM> \ki.ciiit\ mil I'.ili).
Mil.- |i.i II.
.l:,nu;,lA
lrl.ru;il'\
Maivl,
\,,r,l
May
.IlIlM'
■J»-'i::.liilv.
ls-Si'Aiiij:ii-i
Jl :. S.plrl.ll,,
111 11 OiM.il.. r
jV II \,,V.l[|li.
I.-.. I l).,aMlll..'
i: li
1 1 J
1 .", s
J.i J
17(1
.'1 :.
This is a typical year and llie ;i\('ra)j;e is l'.)l miles pei- liour. The
ol)ser\cr, .Mr. S. 15. Sanson, says velocities as liiiiii as 100 miles per hour
lia\(' tieen recorded and tli(> total movemeni I'or one conlimioiis hour has
heen as hiy:li as 7'2 miles.
\h;tuui.\, u.c.
.I..inii:iry..
I't'liriiarv
Mar.li
May,,
• lull.' .
.liiK.
Nuiru-t
.s,.,,t..|„l,.T
n,i.il,.r.
Novi-nilitT.
I)i'iiinl)pr.
M.>iil!i.
iv.li.t 1(1 I'Jl'J hi.'lusivr.
.M.-all l..t.-,l
niuvrn'.ni .)f wiii.i
Ul llilli';i.
0704
.-,sis
i>:t:;o
lillHI
liJIS
li.VJl
ri-'.vj
.■||7(
IJSII
IliDJ
,'.i_>7
<W77
M. an nimilt'f
H
ur> --lin-lnnt;
.if li.Mirs .^ii:i>!iin('.
in I'.ii:!.
.53
.W
sr,
81
It:;
121
Iss
127
J( 1.'
lUO
■J.'.'l
167
_vm;
274
■J,",.".
237
I'.ti)
108
I Hi
»1
.".li
.it)
:is
34
n lil.HAIldNS M)- IIIK i)<iMI\|(i\ iiU>i:H\ A IdliY.
\i(iiii:i\, III-
\\|M> \ KLOIITI- IHIW TO li»12 iNCtl'SlVE.
1)11.1 lien
N
W
N i;
I
- 1
17-'
■JJ
Kill
ir.
."iM'i
11
1.-.:!
10
Iisj
*\
-MO
1
li.t.i
In the ^riirral talili- ilic incan daily raii.iii' l'<ir Okaiiaiian is liivf-n as
_>1 1'. A- iiir".iuncil latci- I'cntictciii. at tiic soutlicrn cml of tlic
nkaiiaiiaii valley, was sch'clcd as unc (if tiic iilaccs lo he tcstcil, Wiiilc tiicr.-,
the nailiiui- "'' ilic t licniHimctcr for I'.tll) and l'.)l'_' were fiivcn nic l>y tiic
oli-(!'\(r, and fcoin llioc llic mean dailv ranjie for the years in quc-lion
wa~ ■_'() I'. >o tliat, alllioiiiili the place is about :50 miles from the ( )kaiui^aii
.-lation. the data compiled for ( >kaiia,iiaii will serve for Pentictoii.
No data a- to the character of the days in the ( )kana;ian were available
for the vears labiilated. However the sunshine recorder at Suminerland,
thiiiiiih installed only within recent years, shows the amount of clear sky
to lie about the a\era;;e and thus from the table no one place has a
commanding >upenorit\ in tin- rejiard. The low da;l\- rantie of temperature
at \'ictoria wniild lead one lo expect fairly steady seein}i at tha' place.
Till ram:e there lo!' the \('ar i- ,iu~t one-half what it is at Ottawa.
i'i..\<i:s si:i,i;( I Ki) Knu i\\ ks.i kiaiihn.
Keepiiiii in mind that piefereiice be iii\en 1(1 -.latiiilis of -oiilherly
laliludc. -o tha! more -tar- could be reached in the -oilthern hemi-phere.
tlir -talion- Were simmered down to four which were ihoun'it lo be typical
oi the \aiio!i- -ection-. Tlie prairie -ectioii should produce unilorni
almo-pheiic condiii(in>. particularl\' if an elesaled plateau were a\ail:d)le,
and 111 the place- on ilie pr.airie. Medicine Hal was deemed the most
>rnAHi.K. Sill': i-mi iiii. (L'-im ii ui;fi.i:i ihk.
27'.)
proini^iiiii. The I'cirky Mcjiintain M'cli(jii, uhii-c liii;'n altiliiilrs aic pu^-ililc,
was (Icciiti'd Wdi'tli Icslihi:; and Hanl'l \va- srlcclc.l a- l\pical. 'I'lir ili'.\'
hells of lii-iti.-li ('(iluiiiliia \\ciT roiisiild'ci 1 piiimisiu.j; al-), and the ()ka'iaiia!i
\all<'\'. I'cniicton di-lricl. was sdciMcd a^ llic pailicillar place, while N'ieliiria
with its e\eeedinjil\' small diurnal faniii' ui' lenipeiann'e seemed pr(imi>i!iii
as retiards stead\ seeiini. and it made up t!ie inuflii station oul-idi' <it
Ottawa whci'c speeilii' le,-!s were Id he ma<le. lneidentall\' dlirin'i; the
l)n)}ii'ess (if the wiirk, a cursory elimination of ,i iiumhe!' of othei' places
was made.
N \ 11 lii: I IF I HI': I !;sis.
.^omelhilit; of the nature of the le-.i,- al tiiese live places will now lie
;;i\('ii. The principal instrument use.l v,a~ a ( 'ooUe ll-inch lele-cope,
ei|Uatoriall>' mounted. Thi- photo-\i-ual tele-. -ope w;i< e(|uipped with e\-e-
pieces of ma'^iiifyin^: powers iill, iL'i). ISO and 'M^K and a camera takiiiu;
plates of caliiiiet siv^c While i!ie proj;i-ani;ne wa- almo-t wliolly planned
for \isua! woi'k, \ii it was felt ad\i-al)le to make some photographic ie-is
which mijiht .^ei've as a check upon the \isual work. The camera, iielomiiici
to the telescope, can he quickly attached and takes plati>s covering; a liekl
about :r in diameter. Two tields were selected near the pole containiiiii
stars of \arious dciirces of hrifihtiies^. ( )n the r^ajority of the iiiiiht- on
which work was done, one or both fields were pliotoii'rapheil by allowinu;
the stars to trail across tlie plate for six or eijilit minute-. If care is
taken to in>ur(> uiiiforiiiit\-, particiilarl\" in the d<'\e!opmeni of the plates. ;i
comparison of the intensities of tic star trails impre^~ed U|)oii the plates
should ^ive ail indication of the relatisi' transparency of the atmo-phere
from nifiht to iiiy:lit, 'I'he pliotojiraiihic work was not considered of ])riniar\'
import aiico; it was intended to ser\-e merely as a check u|ion the\i~ual work
upon which almost entire dependence was to be jjlaced.
.\ li.-t of close double stars was selected a- was also ;i iiumbei' of. faint
star~ about the limit for tlie teleseopc. The >teadier liie M'einii' the smaller
the star discs would be. and tlie-e would be the conditions ino>t fa\ourable
to the resolution of close doubles. The theoretical limit for the si/e of
280
I'l Hl.K MloN.N «)1- rili: DdMIMhN (llt^KliNAlliKV.
>lar (li~c lor llii- l(lr--c<)|)r is ;i|)i)r()\iiu;ilcly l"(t "f ;irc hut. owiiij; to
uiifavonrahlf coiiditioiis of sccinsj. it is not often tiiat this tlicorcticai limit
of a tclocopc i> allaincd. As will appear later, iiowever, there were >everal
ni<ilit< esperieueed m) favoural)le tiial this tiieorelieai iiinil was reached.
Tiiu- the examinalioii of close doutile^. with a view to learniiiji the miiiimiiin
amount of separation that could lie detected, formed the hulk of the
ol)<ervatioiial work. 'I'he sleadines- of the dilTra<'tion rin-is of hriRlit stars
would al-o fiive a clue to the seeing; conditions and note was to he made
of these. The t ran-parency of the atmo.-phere could he arrived at, in a
<ensc, from luiked eye ohservations of ohjects ahout the limit in hrif>;htness
for the eve and also in a certain measure from the ea~e with which faint
>tars could he picked U|) in the telescope. Caution would have to he
exercised in thi- latter proccihu'e, a- it would he hard to dissociate trans-
l)arency from >teadine->. The theoretical limit of visihility for the telescoi)e
lies hetween 12() and V2 ') matinitudes.
besides the telescoiK' a few other instruments, mostly for meteorological
l)iu|)o>es, were taken alonn. .\ ihermofjraph was deemed useful to note
the ran^ic in temperature, particularly duriny; the niy;lit , as this is (|uite
important in the ca-e of larjie reilectors. .\ wet and (hy hulh thermometer
to note the humidity of the atinos|)here, an aiK-roid harometer for use
where no harometric readin<is w(-re kept, and an anemometer for rejjistration
of wind movement coini)leted the oiUtit.
■{"he foUowinti tahle include- .-ome of the more important ohjects used
in the work. They are mostly douhle -tars taken from Hurnham's
catalogue. The co-ordinates of por-ition are only approximate.
f^l II Alll.r. >ITK H)li THK <2-l.\(H UKKLKLTOIi
2S1
r.vHriAi, i,isT or tkst dujkc tm.
Si.ir N(i
6243..
6093..
7031.,
7120..
7127..
7250..
7S63..
77M..
77;)it.
7'.in.
8243..
8306..
srav.v
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h
III
11
n
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IS 41
878.-1 i IS 41
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10437 -'0 :iS
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10713
12190
12B7.">
1438
1568
1952
2178
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00
23
07
23
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2
43
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03
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Sepuration
1
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„
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fl'.i
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+ 48
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+ il
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+ :il
(Hi
4li
.■,11 01
(i.->
lO-.-i
f20
38
3-7
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-t-
40
10
73 70
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no
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III
IS
20
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7 (1 70
m;
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42
.V.(l
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+ :■•!)
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40 7
10. 1
+ :w
43
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+
37
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7 1 7 4
{ +32
00
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00 Si
+ 4
10
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+ .50
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00 70
+ 74
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+33
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00 00
+00
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71 90
+71
17
17
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+80
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0-9
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+22
00
5-4
9-2 9-3
Ui'm;irkn.
103" dustant is HO"'
wo ^',■l^> l.illIIiT
tliMii 11 0' lymi;
liftwwn f' aiui f'
dcsiuiiated S and .i.
Tauri.
Tlic lii^ilu'St power was used wluTcvcr possililc. The use ot this
power, whicli is about 70 lo tin' inch. wouUl f^ive a fairly sov<"re tost of
the seeing and would cniiijien-ale to a certain extent for the small aperture
used. Cer'aiiilv an\ leiuleiiey lo unsteadiness of the air would he at
once aiipiixnt troiii its use. and it wou'd he only on nij^hts of the very
l)est seeing when il ciiiiid lie used at all.
(;r,\ll!\I. II1\KH.\HY OK TlilP.
Having in mind liie four iilan- just mentioned as being typical of the
conditions in ih(-ir re-peitive disiiiiis. 1 left Ottawa on June 13th toexaminc
more specifically the (pialiiy of the seeing at i .ii'h of those places. While
h4t)i5U— 3
2S2
I'l li!,|i \i liiN^ "I IIH. lniMIMiiN (iH-|:K\ \llll;^■.
-(iii.c llioiiLilit ua- \<> 111' uiM'ii <:l-iially In the ila.v -i-r'w^n. llir niiiiu
(■,,ii-i.lrraiii.ii \\a- in !i,' tlir ni-Ki mtIii- ami llir Miital.iUly of tlir place
l,,|. iv-rari'li v.iln a !ai'-^c ivtlc/tiii;!: irl,-cn|.c. h liia\ lie ira.lilv iliid-i -'i""!.
ii,a! a~ my May uuuM i,('C(-~anlv lir liinitr,! al i:i'-h place, iliai umiMial
wcailicr coii.litiKii- mi-lil prevail wliich wouM rcMilt in a laUe inipre-Mini
,,f the place lieiliii ^ailie.l, (■iiliMMiueill !\- i' « a- llinujiht hot Ki \ i-t
tlie place- hiiili iiiiiii'j; ami ret iii'iiinii, .-(. that (hrt'erent -eaMHis of llie year
l,r rxpelieiiced, ami lliU- a\eraLie C(imlili(Ul~ llie ll.uie likel> In lie a-lireil.
The wl-iiniu nf llii- was ai)pareiii Inun my lir-i ^la\ in Medicine Hal. the
h,,,,,,- |,:,n ,,1 June. i'revinii- In my visil tlie weather mr M>ine cnn-iacrahle
till,,, ha.l hieii tine hill diiriii'^ my May ii wa^ ni(i>tly wet ami cloudy. The
-line thimi \\a> true. ilinuij;h nni tn >n marked an e\tent. on in\ return
Iril) to I'eniictoii.
1 arrived in .Medicine Ilat .lune Kith and left for HanIT .luly 1st,
ivachiim there on the mnrnin- of .hily 2nd, ' )uriiifi my stay at lh<' latter
phiic the weallier \\a~ ahnut nnrinal. ahnui iwo-lhirds of the niiiht-^ heitiii
wholly ,,r panially clear. 1 left I'.anlV hir I'cntictnn .luly Itth. arrivinti
there the eveiiiii-: nl the l.")lh. Durim^ my -lav here this tiuK-. the weather
wa- Ncry favnni'alile a~ hnlh davs and nitihls were in ieneral clear.
Incidentalh' the da\ - were lint tnn, the t hertiinmeier heiim' in the nineties
nearlv <Aery day. l.eavinu; Peniictnii .luly '-'M h 1 pro.'eede<l in Victoria,
jinivipc ,,|| the moiiiinn of July ilDtli. 1 remained luitil .\u,i:;. hhh when 1
I, It for tnoiiM ilaii.ilion. Ctd.. to vImI the Lick ()h~ervalnry :ind make .-nine
(•olllpari,M.h^ uiili cniidilion> there, nf which 1 -hall >pcak hiter,
Heturniim to \ictnria .\uu. 'Ji-lrd 1 remained until .\ul';. llOth. Durinti
II, y -lav liotii period- in \i<toria the weather ua- ftivnunil.le, niil>- three
,.l,,iidv nitlht- l.eilili e\|ierieiiced. Ifnni Nictnritl 1 returned in reiitictnn
,,,, Sept. 1-1, lleic I ( licoiinletrd -otiie clolld\ weather which c:iu-ed llie
t,, |,i,,lni,^ my -lav until ~^ept . -Jilid. li -cem- In he the rule thai aiircak in
the weallier nccur- almut t hi- ■ea-<in of the \e;ir. :in<l from repnil> it wa> pretty
j.,.,„.tal ns.^r ihe we,-i Coiiditionr- tit llaiilT duiin- my tir,-t visit wtirrtinied
it- omi— ion mi the reiiirn trip, -n i re
■turned direcllv In Medicine Ilat.
-irr.\iu i; sni; n>n iiii; 7'2-in( ii ifi;ii.i;<riiii.
2s:5
;uri\iiii; llif iiKirniim nl' Srpi. 2')\\i. I'l-oiii icport- llic wcatlicr l'(ii- llii-cc
weeks |)i'c\ious to iii\ coininfi was \(r> hcautil'iil and critaiiily (luiiim I lie
lifsl srscn ui- ci'^lit (la>- nl' \ny -l:i> il was all lliat cuiild lie iloirrd. hanilv
a clniiil iiciiii; -ecu in the >kv. Alter len <la>> nv mi llie weather hroke
and I li't'l tor <)tl:iwa on Oct. (ilh. Snow liatl lie^un to Tall.
Durini;- t'le latter part mi" Oelolier ami the first hall' nl' N'dveniher, I
oontiiiued >iinilar work at Ottawa and a prelitiiinary relatixc value of the
phices was arrived at. .\> will lie shdwn later, \'icl<iria. <il' the (lllt^ide
places, wa- the most I'avoiirahle and aimthei vi>il was made tiiere diiriny;
the month of Decemlier to a-eertain tin (iliaiity <if the seeing diiriny; its
worst weather. KetiirniiiK to Ottawa the liejiiiminy; of I'.U 1. a couple of
weeks more were -iiiiilarly s|ieiit liefore the available data was con.^idi'feil
stltiiciellt to decide the (illestioll.
1 shall now treat more in detail of the seeinti conditions found in the
Nations places out-ide of Ottawa, takitiii them iti the order xisited.
Mi;i)it INI-; ii>'i.
Medicine Hat is situated in the dry belt of Southern .Vlherla. ti.V)
miles west of W'imiipeii on tlie main line of the ('.1M{. d"he city ot
soniethin-;; less than l."),l)()(t jieople. lyiiij;; '"' 'l"- valley of the South
Saskatchewan, is noted for Us immense resources in natural M:as. In view
of (lie cheap jiower thus afforded it is claimed that here will lie the
maimfacturinsi' centre of western Canada. This would lie aside from our
discussion were it not that the vicinity of a mamifacliuini!; city i- ii-uall\-
considered a poor place to locate an astronomical oliM'rvatory. .\s there
is. however, no smoke from the use of ij:as it would seem that no drawback
would ther<'liy result. .\part from the railway trains, which use coal, it is
a smokek'ss city.
In lookinji o\er the place for a -\utable location for my telescooe I
decided Upon the talilelatid to the north cf the city. Its elevation above
the citv is about l;^."> feet and lietiee above sea level _'.;5()0 feet. To the
north and east and west stn>tches the |)latean. while inuncdiately to the
81080 -;4.i
2Si
I'l U\M \^^><S> '>¥ 1111. l)i.\llMu\ nlt>Kl(\ \ loliV.
south lirs the valley alM.ut a iiiilr wide llnuii-;li whicli I he iImt niii-^. aii<l
hcyona the valley iIk' i>lateau is e.intinue,!. TlH'te wa- no iK.tieeal.le
.litTereuce ..f -eein- in the vari.)U> .iireclion^ l..i- allilu.le .if ■_•:. an.l liieate,,
1„„ f„r lo-..er iltail 2:^' altitude the >eein- nver the river >eeni(Ml a little
more unsteady-
As intimated ahove. unfavourahle weather ^iiceted me lieir. The
average total pivcipitation t'or the year is 14 C. ii.ehes, and durin- the two
wee'Ks I was here ahout one-sixth of that amount of rain iVIl in all,
there weir '.t iiifihis on wiiieh no work of any account could he <lone. .'.
nights which weie more <.r le>s cloudy pernuttin« some work lo be done
anil only one which could he called clear.
Xo rapid change, of the harometer were noted; the maximum raii^e
duriuK the two weeks vi-it was only O-.V. inche-. The avera-e velocity of
the wind was 10 N niih's j.er hour. .\s a rule tlu' wind dropped in the
evenin;:, thou^;h this rule was not without exception, 1 have iiote.l it
calm in the eveninti on commencing work and during the nitjht the wmd
would lis., an.i attain a velocity of 10 or 12 miles an hour. In such
cases it was necessary to u.se a wind shield to prevent undue jarriufi of
the telescoi)e. The jieneral direction of the wiml is east and west
following the valley of th<. river. Sometimes for short i)eriod^ of the day
it attained a velocity of from ."jO to (10 miles an liour.
The following remarks describe the conditions on the niRlUs ui)on which
work was done.
June 20. Worked until midnijiht on clear spaces. Clou.led then,
C.msiderable unsteadiness. .Ma-nitude 101 about the linut, 0- stars
have l";i disc. Kate, what seeiiif^ there was, 2:).
lune 2:'.. I-"rom S,:iO to '.»,:!0 seein'^ veiy >l(
ieati>. Iic.iiarkably ~o
consi.lerinii the broken skv. .\l ',t,:}0 ha/e and clouds ihi.'kened over and
-teadine.-s vani,-hed, M 10.20 a heavy dew started to fall and object
jrhi>s coated as fast as it could be cl<-aned, Trai.^parei-y the tirst hour
•,i . . i: i,:..i ,., 1,". t'..i, ,jt.ii>-; lu'ir 71'iiilh,
lioi oil ,i jKir V>i;i; : ;;'a;i;::vrr, ■,•,:::• :: ••:•.
f.1 II Mil. 1. >riK ii'ii Tin; 7-'-in(Ti uku.k" tok.
■JS.")
.),,,,,, ■_•! .Iii^t :i Irw clear patclifs. Mfiidiiif^s awiiii very ;iiM)(l.
( |,,U(lr(l (•(iniplclcly at ln,-J(l. Kate, the little ■^eeiiitl ulilaine<i. :{ O.
.Iiiiie JS. ( Iniiilv ami iia/.\ in places ami seeing; vitv varialile. Star
(li-c- t'loiii !"•:! I" 1" 7 in diaiiielei- in l)e-t seeinu'. Worke.l till umlnifilit ;
no rurllicr use. Seeinn varied I'roiii 2 to I hut mi>-\ "f the !'■ ner,
.lune _".). Willi the e\i'e|ir,(Mi o|' an linnr il till- l>e:i,i,iiiinj: ami an hour
al inidinjiht. the ni^rlil was clear, A twelve mile l.re.v.e l,le.v iiio-t of the
iiiiiht. .Mler the \\ny.r ul' earl,\ hour- ol nitihl lilted, the i laii-pareiicy was
u,,o(l. lioih .; and / ill ( L.vra' seen, the toriiiei' per-i-iinn; w'.iile
the star wa- within 2 or ;', hour- of the nieriilian. In rare nionients 7"
stars had disc- I" in diameter, in general they were 1":; and {"■4, and
douhles of this -epaiation could ln' nicely identitiel. There was no such
thinii as uniform -eeiim ihroiiy,h.>ul the niijiit ; the -!.adine-s at best was
easily I nr heller !)Ut al lime- it was les- than 2. e-p".aally for the lower
altitude-. The iii'^lil mi'ihl he raled '■>.
.Iiiiic ;;(!. I'he hr-1 hour after -iindown wa- reinarkahly -leady. Ilazi'
was overspreading nio-t of the -ky. .Xhoiil \) o'chick the lia/.e thickeni'd
and steadiness vaiiislied. Clouded compleK'ly at 11 o'clock, s,, disaiountod.
While examined, seeinn decreased from I ■ ■") rapidly to '-'.
HAM K.
BanfT is ii small town in the heart of the Canadian Rockies, nhout
ei<ihty iiiil«-s west of Caljiai;.. It i- a famous re-ort h)r louri-l-, its, sulphur
baths attrartiiiK many vi>ilors. its elevation atiove sea level is -l-Vil foct,
wliich is consideraMe to -tart with. It was my inlention to locate on some
of the surrouiidiiiji mountains, hut on lo<i!.iiitr them over, only two. Tunnel
and Suliihur, seemed at all practicahle. On Ihe -ummil of the hitter is
located the meteorolojiical station, to which trips are male every second
week by the observer. Its altitude is 74,S 1 feet. The wcst-rn slope, as
well as cons'derable of the eastern slope, is devoid of vefi;efation and in
other respects '.t did not ai)i>ear. upon further examination, suital)le even
... ■ 11.--,. *.U-. I .^ ^.« «. l^-.... .^C .1 i-»r» »■!»-» n iinrt t
for ill\ ItuinilHUtry tCHtinp; IliUvi; IVT.t. ht- wiv :v r.-.:v:i •-•• -• ;
28(1
I'l mil \l|iiN- "I nil. IMPMINH.N iili^l.li \ A Idla .
(,!i-ri\;i)m\. TIm- \mih1 a\riai:i'- !'• mil''- I"''' I"""' ^i"'' li:'''" "' ""* ""'''^
,.in |,,,i |,:,\r Ihcii icciir.lfil I uiiil up I'lliinrl iiiuMiil:iin :illilM'lr •'.'•HI
|,.,.l, 1,111 il lod i- umlr rnck\ ;i|pl l>;ilivii iii';ir llir lop, :ili'l li:i- -udi a
li,,,!i,M| ;,n:i Mil 11^ -iiininil llial im> p' riiiaiM'iil Kuil.lin- \\oi|l,| !,.■ :ulM-alilc'
,.\,.n wriv ciiiiliiinii- ..I MTiii- MiitaMc. Iti ilir xallrv al ail allinnlr "i
111,,, lit 1^01) ii-il. wliriv -nine 11-ili'^ LinMiinl liaM' air >liaiiia!.'.r, H wa-
,|r,i,l.,l iM Idi'ali' Cnii-i.lriiil.li- lir-itaiirv v\a~ iVIl III a'l'ipliii;; \U\- ci^ir-c
Imt II -ii'iiii'il ilir iiul\ |ia-ilili' line
r.rli.W i- 'ii\rli in -Minr (Irtail thr (MiliililiiUI- r\i~ti|iL!: I'll till' nililll- I'll
wllirli wiirls riMilil lir ijiilir.
.Iiil> _'. CiiiiMcliTaMi' iiiiiiilMr nl' tlnatiim I'lnml-. Wurkcil uii l.riiilil stars
ill upniiim- ill I'lnii,!-. •riinr wa- im -urli iliiiiii a- Mrailini's.. Doui.li's
of :;•■ ami I" -rparatioM juM iiiriHiliiMl a- clniiiiainl l>lur. Tlir tu-illiaii''.v
nl tl;,' -ky -tiiirk iiM' a~ .^nn, 1 Tlir Id 1 ill rv-iciii "i f l.vfa' slimir
111,,, a '.t Mai-. 1 latr.l tlir iiit:lii '_'. i.iit llii- ina\ mil aixf nnirli "f im
i,l,.;,. ■["lir lrail-paiviir\ Wa- linml ill -piti' "f tlic UlliT lark lit' ~trailllli'ss.
.Iiil\- \. Sli.^liily Mrailicr tliaii .lul\ '-'nil l>iit \ cry poor yri. coiilil iiarcly
,l,.l,.,.t .■iiiiipaiii.'ii ill f liciuii.-. Star 7k_'(l. aliniit :V' -7 .srparatii.u, cihiIiI no
niniv lliaii kr Ml-prctcil ilniiMc I'loiii tkc klilirnl iliuifir. N'c^a wlu'll riu;llt
1,1, iiiciiikiaii piVMiitcil a \rr\ liitYiiM' iinaiii'. 'I'lir niiiht was clrar rxcc])!
Inr Millie llnaliiii: cluihl-. 'I'licri' mtiih'iI m !»• no (kitTnviirr in slraiiiiu'-s
ilcpiinjilir; upon (lii-crlion. Sccinii iiolni a- _*.
.Inly :,. Tlic ila\ wa^ ralm ami prart irall> ck'ar. 'I'lic niy:lit was
calm also wiili not a doiul. liciicc lic'tcr >cciiiii; cxiicctcil. .\lioiii sim-
,l,,\vn ami al oi'.il interval- ilurinii tiic niulii there was some seinlilance ot
-icailim-- km mi the v.iiole liieie Wa- liol a iileat iniprovelllcilt . lor
e\aniple. AiTliiru- when J hour- wi-t o| ineriiliaii liave a fairly steady iinaiie.
i'l'teeii minute- hner. ill li.iikinii at it a -ecomi time, the sc-ein^; luul
liecome I \c(eiliii'',l.\ kail. To the imakled ryv the iii^ht sceined lirilliaiit.
the .\liik\' \\'a> -taiiiliiiii out ciiii-picUousl> . ,\et. jirokakly I'rom the lack of
-t,;i,line~- laiiit -:.'ir- could mil ki' picked up. The word ■'ihix ' >eenis to
lie-t de-crike the -tar imafies. The niiiht rated 2.
1 I Mil, I, >l I I. I "I! I UK 7_'-IN< H Kill 1.' mit.
■JS7
,|,il\ 7. l',,i ail liniir nr :- . in ilir iwili'^lii hum- ilir >cciiiu \sa~ Inir.
Mar dlM'^, ill Ihc t :i-.' <'l ~l:ir- "I 'i''' :""' "'1' nia-iiinul,-. lia.l .liai:irlrix
a, -mall a- 1" •"> Mini -nini; u.i- h'Hi.l a- li' - •"> I" ■''•'• 'l''"' ''"' ^"''
la-i N,-iv l(.im 'I'Ih' \iu:va<- ;i->miHMl then ii-nal tlir, 'I'll'' inih-i'Mvucv
ua^ iini -'>'»1 :i^ 111. Ill 1 in * l.vt-a. \\a- l.y m. niraii^ i)nlii:inl. Suiimiiii;;
up tlif iiiiihl ii wdiiM 11"! iM'i' "\rr 2.
.Iiil> S. >li-lii liii/c till '■' iiVl.H'k. .):li(T\vi>(> ;ill rlcar. A^aiii ihi -Mrli
tliiiii; :i- ^ica.lini-- rvni near /mitli, Willi power IV.'U n \\:i> all iw-
,.,,,,1,1 ,1,, I,, ,l,.t,vi ilouMr ~iai- i^i '■'<"■■> r-rparaiinii like 7ii:!l. 7 1 JO .tr.
I'dWir jMI wa- lirltcr ul cmuim' liiii cvni tlii- •■"hI'I H"' I"' n-'''' ■^"
iina'^i- ill >lalr nt llu\. Nn uiii'l ulialcMT. llalr.l iiiulit I .').
.Inlv 111. Coii.liii.m-- Miiiilar i.. prcvioii> iut;lit>. ('loii.lci' at U) o'cKick
and raiiiril.
,lulv 11. 'I'lir aiiHiuni ul' -ky clrar ai Marl wa- '-'H P'-r crni. Tlii.
iurlcaMMl l.ul Ik;' llililil wa- nc\rr prifrclly cl.Ml.llr-. 'I'Ih' .-rciii- \\a~
„H,iv Mcail.x ihaii usual. '['Uv nua-(- were uu\ ahvay> in lliat >tatc n\
llux wliicli cliaraclcn/.'ii alinoM cvny ni^ht : I lie ililTraciiun nim- in tlic
cas,.,^ ,,|- hriiilit >lars cniii.l lie -(rii. Star disc^ not nvvv I" ■■] and l"-'
^^vvi■ 11(11. 'd. and in tli.' /.i 'i tor a -l'"''' vvliil.> th.- s.-cin- \va< a^ -.wd a> 1
l,ui tln^ did n.il laM .n.r a lew ininufs. I.at.'ral ([i.^ilaivnicnts ..f ilic
inia^;.'.. I.) Ihc cM.ait .if l"! n.-U'd. Th.' iiiii;l>t raU'd l.clw.'cn 2 and _'.'..
Th.' niiilil> ..I .luly rJlh and i:<tli wciv .•l.-u.l.v ami .m lltli 1 l.'ft l.ir
I',.|,ti.'nn. Durin- my stay at HanlT no rai.kl .•hau-.' in thr l.aron.rt.M-
t.iok iila.r; in la.'t .lurinji th.' tirst w.'ck n.il ov.'r 01 in.'h variation was noted.
TluMv \v(Mv stUT.-ssivr .lays aii.l nishls clear and .'aim so that if steadiness
existed at all. it nii.iiht l.e exp.'.'t.'.l t.. slum u|. on -'U-U niiilit^ It was
never .M'riously th.' ease; in fa.-t unsteadiness to a niarki'd deiinr was the
foature of every niuht.
PKNTICTON.
Pentieton lies at the south eii.l of Okanasian lake, which is a'.). nit ninety
„.:i,„. I , .,.,.1 f.v.n, ,„„. t,, tlireo miles wid.'. It is n'aehe.l l»y rail from
2HS
rrni.i(\riM\ , ny iiis: D'imimms ..n-vtiv v rmtv
Mcaiiiiiiis ci
II till' main linr ti
< >k:m:i'^:iii Lainliii^ "i') mili-, llirm-i' '.Ml liv
liuMi til I'rllllrl.ill Tlir ••kalKlWHl \ alli". i-pcrlalU ill-' -.lU Inrii i'IlI 1- "IK-
„f th.' ilrv l.rll- III' 1^'. Ill'' l"':«l a\ri:ii:r |iiri'i|,ilal tun arrunliiiu tu Im-I
a\
ailalilr ilaia ln'iiin alioui \2 iii'
II'- liif \ rai .
fruit rai-inn ili-lfict, tin' nn'liaiiU ln'int: Im'a
It i- i!ii' I'l'iilri' III' a liii'at
tni nil till' iii'liclii- uliii'li
rise aiion
t 2(1(1 fiTl al.-.M' tin' \r\r\ nS till' lalM' 'nii'-c li.'liclic- rxti'inl
frniii till' lal%i' >liiirr (Hi nllnr -i
Ir liai'lx riiiin 1 tu J Mill
if till' iiiuiiiilaiii^ IS ri'ai'hi
ml till- I- till' -Iri'li'li 111 Ian
- hrfiiri' till' lia~('
1 wliirli lias lici'ii
imna
li'il am! luniril iiitn fruit lami-
'rill' laml ilsflf i- >>i tim' M'ii"iiiii
It ami
itiil owmn III t
hi' ilr\ I'liiiiatc I'lin-iilrialilr ilu-t i- i'\iii'rii'm
il. Siiutl
if till' tllWIl i
licic arc nuistly iii a
> Dili: \a\sv. Tl
wiml- wliirli aliaiii I'nii
■ iilrralilr \rliM'it\-
rtli-siilllli ilirrrlinli lirlwrrll lll<'
twi) laki
Till' iiinrniiiK aftrr my arriva
Flasket t hail i)ri'viou>
1 I wi'iit up thf iiiiHiiitaiu wliii'li Dr.
IhiuI
loiiki'il oviT. It lii's tu I hi' ra-t (if the lnwii alxiu
two miles 111 an air
line I
n simpi'
il i- liinii ami narrow \vi
th its rliljrr
runiiin;; in a nurt
suDscq
lake level. 'I'lius it- elevatiun i^
hea-terl\. -iiiithwe-lerly ilirectii
1.
111. The l-.i!:!.est jioint,
ibsenuently ileierinineil liy an aiieruul. i- aiiiirnMinately
ItiOO feet ahuvi
27:<(l feel ahove sea level This point
is alioiit due east
if the wharf. To the niirt
heast it slope.- olT (luiti
'TailualK' t'lr some ili-lanee an
1 then ri-e- to a higher imiuiitan
tain; t" th
lUthwest it falU otT in a -ui'i-es>i(in oi lerrae
if wliieli there are twi
1 it reaches the I'entirton creek. 1 came down these
lie middle one. hut failure to siet
'ssiiated mv .settini^ up at an
extensive one-, iinti
Milltheni slopes and decided to -el up on t
the instruments up on pack lior-es necessiia
■levation of ahoui Ki^lO feet
there was a -utlicieiit eoinmandiii^ sweep
ol t
he skv. Whil
he iilace was suit
alile eniiutlli. the hiiiher altitude would
ave tieen preferahle and it wa- a disaiipoint ineiit noi to have Micceeded in
(iettint!:
there. Duriiiii in\ sta\- here
I went nil the mouiitam li-oiii the
north and saw that the niuipinent coiili
the iiturn trip, therefore. I was al
1 lie not up from that -ide. On
-1. The tests
to locate on Ilie ere
it the tWd level- 1
ia\e an ai
Iditional advantap' of funiishin,!i a eoinpari
il illITi ririt filtitndl
-I I I MU ! ~l II Ki'li I HI 7'J-IS> II l:l I II ' .I'll.
■Js'.t
(luiMt; h. lnla^nl,l:,M(■ .i.l:.\- I 'Ihl H'lt uri -d U|. nli llir Hill,, uliicli
\v:l- :i l.c;iiHinil rlc;ir iii-lii Uclmv iii\ :ii-ru:il ilir wciMirr Iki-I Im^i, ,|iiilr
\\r! ;in.| (ll-:iUIVr;il,|c I, 111 alllliP-l r.Mhrhlc'i: Willi IIU lullllllii I' •■|c:liv| i|].
:uiil n iiiaiiMij -.1 uinir 1 wa- llnTr
,1,,!^ 17 \i ill,' -laii ll,i- wimi alTri-tcd tlii- in-t ruiiirni <ciin,'\\ liat a-
ill,, win, I -liicl,! wa~ li.il pcilrctiN sili-la.'Iniy, li(,\\,'MT ll,i~ \\a all,,\\,il iur.
'I'liciv ~,riii,-.l I,. I)c MiK.k,' 111 llir air a~ if li-Hin hir,-! Iiiv-, t'loiitih ii.nic
ill i,mii,-,liair iirinlilMMirli 1 'I'lir aiMinniH— wiih which .loiil.l,- Mars
-huv.r,l up ua- a ,'halii;r iv<\ wliH' I li^i'l '"•''H acrii-l , iiiH^cl In at I'.aiilT,
ili,„inl, iniirh In !"• ,lc-iic<l ■,,1 ill lull-, ,Mmiat,.,l Mar .li-r~ I,, has,. ,liaiii,M,.rs
I" •_' ami '." :'>. ' 'n\\\i\ 11, 'I liii ■.' ami •'
, |.\ lav iiaii'il ihr iii'j;hl .'>'>.
.Iul> Is. 'I'hc ,lav ua- clrar ami ralni. ihr Mimkr n\ piw inii- ,lav mviii-
ii,n|v tiniHv Th.' rarlv part of thr iiiuht up l,i 1! :!U wa- lair, Iniih as
ivwanU M,a,lim— aii,l I raii-paiviic.\ . I'miii thai time liH ^1 o'tani^k llir
-fciiiy; wa- aliii(p>l prrtrcl. Mar iIIm- lia\iii- appn,\iliiatrlv ihcir I hcnivl i.^al
iliaiiHirr- nl' 1" (», Ahoiii :;.:i(l am- liuiniilily liciiaii ■•< ii,civa-r ami MTiut:
hccaiiii' Miincwhai uii>l,aily. 'riK' iiitihi i:iti''l 1-
.Inly I'.t. Not quite a- jionil a- pivvious ninht thniiiih very fair. Star
,li>cs imirc likr 1";'. <liatnclcr. I'ickcd up ,lilT<iviit niics (.f that si^parati,.!!,
7_>.V.t in Huruhaiir- cata' .jiur, -ci.aratinii 1" 1. :i <asc in point. The nii;hl
ratnl M.li.
,luly 2(1. .\ hrokcn niiiht Cloiiilcil al.uul 1 o'l'luck in ,lay. clraicil
at 1,1 n'clnck, cIoimIcI aiiaiii I nCN.ck. What M-cin^r tiieiv was wa.~ iiiiM.a.l.v
ami lati'il 2.
.liily 21. A \i'r.\- hut day. While the M)iith(rn half nf the >ky was
alway> clear, an electric >t((rin wa^ ra^in.ii to the north. 'Iliis may have
had soniethin^i to ,lo will, the MM-inti which was e\cee,liniilv had. No
atieinpl wu- nia.ie to e.Miiuaie diameter.- of di^c< front clo- .loul.le^. as all
in a state of thix. True there were inonients when this c,.ul,l he done
hut they were fleetiiifi. The nifiht rated 2.
8tOSO--4
290
Mlil.KM |(IN> l>r llli; l)()\llMi'\ (ill^K.r.N AliMiV.
July •_'■_*. Tlir iii^ilii \v:i- l.n.k.'ti l.y tlcctinii vUnu\>. It wa- traiiS':itviit
..nnudi, iMii tlir Mra.linr-- wa^ nul Ihc l.cM. It varied IVon, 'J to 4
.Irpriulllli; lli.nn llif altitude. ( ■nut ill'ie.l watehillii. ~lu)Wed lla-lu- Ml .; Ill
t l.\ne. Kated _'-."i.
.Iiilv ■_':!. The iiiohl ua< peiailiar in tliat the seeiiiy: wa- very variahlc.
I, „„i:ld l.e aln.uM perfect lor a while and almost the next ili>taiit i.e
:il,-uhilelv ii-el," -.1 far a- ^teadine-s i^ cmieerned. Chali-ed from 1 ■ T) to
1.-, in feu nainient^. An eleelrir >t..nii tn the ea-t may have had sonic
,.nnner.inn with Mich ^arial4e >eeini: condition^. Ka'ed the ni-lit I", which
i- -llHicielltl\' hisill.
.inly ■2\. There wa~ cn-iderahle lloatiie^ ha/.e iliruiiirliout tiie nijiht as
seen h\ ieniiH.rar> .Ntinciion nf II) -lai-. Nn H" -tars <rvn. The
steadiiHv- xaried from ! in the zenith to •.!■:. for altitudes <.f -'.V to :W' .
-: ,,;,■„- of \'\ M|,aration could not he identilicl, ('ut-".- of the little
ha/ine--, wh.ieh could lie noted with the unaided eye, the ninlit wa- very
fair ihouiih ami \\a~ rated I'..
July -Jo. Dav clear and somewhat cooler. Sky deep lilue earlv part
,,f ninht. Later a whitish ha/e crept up Irinn horizon. Could .~(-e
indications of faint Mars in e i.yra' thoudi thev were not s.rikin-. Could
pick up ,loulJe. of 1" :; -eparatum. Th.' Readiness wa~ not so -ood as on
the lies! niiiht :;stlii lull evervthili- .ken into account tin' nijilit would lie
rated 1.
\ nidiiiA.
\i,Mnria wa^ readad on Julv :',0. That dav was spent in hiokimi
over p,,-Ml.!<' places i,,r my pivliminary teMin-. lieacon hill. Con/ale^ point
.,,,,1 r„c -iuht of th.e IK'W meteoroloui<"d Matin were xiMted m the foivnoon.
I„ ,i,e afteriKion. I hav.^ to ihank .Mr. .\. >. liarlon. who. l.ein- iuKav-led in
.cieiiiilic work, placed hi- auiomohile at mv di-po-al aii.l direct, mI me -o
MAirai of ihe el.Aaiio,,. in the vicinity which I wi-he.l lo l.iok over, .\lounl
-I-,,!,::,,., mount Douula-, -trawlMrrv hill, Knockan hill- and oiher (Jevalions
u,.,e examined. The pnv„r;in- -otithucM uin.l-. would Mron-ly militate
a„amM elcNation- to n.uth or , a-i of theciiv, and 1 .lecide.l to hicate on a
-I riAIU.i: >IIK loK IIIK 72-IN(II KKH.KI -lOli.
•J'.tl
i-ncky numvAcv in iln' ini.l>t of a con.-id.'i-aMc lilock of tinil.cr in tiir
Hudson'^ r.av Coniiianx'- rt'scrvc near i;M|iiinuilt . Tlicrc 1 was not atTirtcii
!iy liic sinokr from tlif c\\y.
•luiy ;il. l"ii>1 yiiancr -liowc.l ^iii-piisinii -Icadincs^. Slar discs down
to tiicoiriical 1" diamclcr, and sccnu'd like <\vv\ (■ntifavnio;s so Mcady
anil beautiful was the diffraction pattern, 'rfanspafeiicy jrood. as 11- and
V2"' stai-s ill f l.yra- persisted. Only for a few niotiients was tliefe any-
thing lilt perfect xvinti. Haled Mi so as to leave a nuiruin for the
theoretically iinat tainalilc.
AiijiUsi 1. The day hecanie ha/y and the niiilit was tiiore or less
cloudy. l-'.\lensi\e forest liivs in the -tale of \\a-!iiiiiiton and ,-outhwe.-t wind
carried Miioke this way. Worked on the l.ri-hter stars as they only
were available. Rated the niniit 1.
.\njiiist 2. Was cloudy until near evenin<i wli:'n it cleared. As some-
what smoky and atmosphere very humid, ^iood ^eeinli not expected, '1 iu'
>tars .; and ■) in t I.yr;e p(>rsisted ntlliin--. which was better than the
average transparency at other places. Aside from this little lack of trans-
parency it was a perfect iii,u;ht. The steadiness flni'; the close doubles
>lood out with clear cut ilelinition, ditTractiun pattern of bright stars very
stcaily, lilted nililu A'i.
Au^iust :!, The ni^ht was ai)parently similar to preceding;. Somewhat
indisposed and did not ^o out.
Ausiust I, This nijiht the lirst api)earanc(- of imsteadiness was noted. It
was by no means bad but. beiii^ the lirst noted here, attention was directed
to it, Tli(- nifliit seemed somewhat foi^tiy to the naked <\ve. thouiih the
iiumidity of 71 per c-nt, is less than some lu^ihts when lioo.l seeiiii;; e\i,>ted,
l.a<-k of delinition was the nature of the defect in seeiiifi; star <liscs were
about !"■.') diameter in the ca.se .'f (i- stars. Seeinii valued at 2-7.
Auj:ust Ci. I'l) to 11 o'clock the ni^ht was very <iood. Double stars
of I"-;? and l"-4 separation easily detected. Below 40° altitude it was
i'rni.ir.\ri(«\s nr iin: dumimdn uusekvatohv.
or
loss milky. However,
verv thirk. After It o'cloi'l- ;'ll ^f;irs more
lla.!u-ol.; >11 I In . l.vne^eea. .!ii-t a pour u, fair ni^hl uihI raf.l 2-o.
Au-UM 7. Mo-tlv clear hr.l hrili wiiul pn^veiifd w,)rk, as fleseop.^ coul.l
,„„ l„."p,np.rl> prM,eeie,l Iron. wuhI Nvi,:rl,at limes rearhe.l oO miles an hour.
\,,,.uM N. In t!,e i.r-t il.ree Lours or m., ui- t,. 10 o'eloek. the MrinfX was
ev,ne,P. rating al-ou. lo. Then .nv.r un-tea,!ine^. erept in an.l in.aues not
,„,nerilv ,le!me.i, thou-h aln,,.. lhi> time one eouM M'e star> as faint a^ 11-.
,,„,, ,|u. ^eeiu- eouM iH.t l>e rale,! mon' ihan il-o .^hen avera-e,l over th,.
Nvorkmti re..iMn~ of the sky, -..., above W altitua.
woul.l ran'--. I think, a- an .AeepUonaily ^ooc
I'hi.- at '>ttawa we
1 ui^ht. I'.aleil l-O
Au^uM \) This wa^ praetieally a l.erfeet niiiht. ami th.^ he-, yet.
IVlore nvili^ht .■ea>e,l manv rlo<e ,loul.les exanmud and -tar .li-e. for (!■"
ana :■ -tar- avera.e.l T'l in diameter, D.ml.le- as elose as y'-2 n.eely
.,|,a,ate.i and delin.'.l. Mar MIDS in Hm'nham'- eatalo^ue a ease in pomt.
• 1,- r, ,.,.i.,t,.d from l.ri'diter I'vcellent delinition
lamter companion mcel\ di— oiiaiiu nom oii^m>i,
and niLihl rated I-:!.
\„„„M p,.. A lew -lloatei-- in the -kv with horizon ha/.y in the
.„uihea-t, which -eem- to 1,.^ cu-toniarv. The ni;:iit otherwise apparently
,,„, ,„ ,1,, ,aked eye, y..t it wa- hy no mean- ^ood. True, doubles of
y■.^ I'Mi and even \"-2 -,'paration eouhl i.e susp. cted but no .lefinition.
Ma;:niiude 11.. o wa- lowe-l reached. The ni^hi des,.ribed as ••UanlT Ihix
<,h -mall -ca!e" and rated L' I
Aimu-t \2. nuiK' dou.U in cNeninii but chaired, ami mostly clear
da.in- nud.l, ihou^h -lane-- oi haze at times spread over dear -paces.
■I-!;,, humidi.v -layd about s- all ni^hi. Tran-paivncy fair. lOo- about
■ , i.,,a. ..ecu „ccasi,mallv, .: M"ite rar.'ly. HI-' magnitudes
ri„. -,...adm,-- ua- xerv 'Jiood. diameiei- of ,li-c- -liiihtly
iMT iiinitiii^ value liaie.l niiihl :1'.>
hmit, .. m
(|uii e di-1 mi 1 .
Auu:u-t 2:1. .\t -tart, CdiO p.m.. .^D P''f '•'•»'■ <•'"'"'- ''''"■-' ''''"'^' '""'
. ..„.,.,•. I ..1 llnn.i.liiv verv hiiih, around '.)() most of ninht.
SiriAIil.i; MTK inl! TIIK 72-IN( 11 HK1-1.K( TOH,
2(1:;
•rnm-iniivncy uoI.mI a^ ii"i the In-st, yet 11- ^tars scm. .; in e l.yra- <\h\
not iicrsist, ■-. \va~ ik.I seen. Slini" i'iizziiic<^ or lack of drlinitinii n\
i,„a^,. in rariy rvvniiii; l.ut thi^ wuir olT a^ nisili! pn.-n-MMl. l.airral
,li<,,iac<-nirut- net -ivatrr than (>":,. Star .li«- liad .liainctci- iioni T':!
,,, i".(). 1,) zcnilli, seeing :>. luwci- down less; on the wiiolc the ni-ht
worili 1.
Aii-u-l 21. Clear and calin all day; niiiiit Mmilar and (■\cc!)ti()nally
-oo.l. ■I'raiispaivnry tiir |M)orcst factor, .; and - in f l-yra> diowcd at
time- hut did not prrsist. The 11- in a Ilciculi- jilini!»c.l at tinu-.
On other haiul dehnitioii wa,- iieriVct, the diameters of star discs not much
CM ,li„iv r'.O on the averaiie. An example may be noted : star 72.V.t
Hurnham's catalogue, separation !"-4. Tiiere was a clear line of sei)aration
between the O-T'" and 7 ■ iV' stars eiiuallin'; one-third of diameter of hri:j;hter.
Hence 7- star has disc 1" diameter, whicii indicate-^ perfect condilious of
instrument and sleadine-s. The steadiness mijiht l.e slid to run from iC.".
t„r altitude^ of 2.-) , rapidly incivasin- u]) to IS for -tars in tiie /.enitii.
The nijihl rated io.
August 2."). Nipht clear hut strong: wind, so much tlie case that I had
to discontinue work. The horizon was the clearest of any nvj,h\ yet, the
Olympian momitains standinji out clear cut in the early evenin-, yet there
was considerable unsteadiness apart from the vibration^ (hie to the wind.
August 2(; While the steadiness was in p'ncfiil Ji'»'"'- ''"''''' "'''''"
bodily displacements of tii(> imasos ransiuK fro-n 0":^ to ()"o. Cot a
frlimpse of the 11-^. m a llorculis, hut on the whole it was not easy to
jiick iij) faint stars. .1 and ■', could bo known to be present from a certain
milkiness surrounding; their position, Imt th.ey were by no m(-ans i.rominent.
Considering that it just cleared entirelv about S o'clock I think the s.-einsi
was exceptional. Hated 4.
Auiiust 27. Day clear and calm and p'od niffht expected. Did not
((uite come up to expectations
InuiKcs lacked clear cut definition
experienced on previous iiiKJits. Also small bodily disi,lacements of ()":i.
I>IHI.H\rin\s UK IllK DOMINION ( lliSKH VATdl! V.
Y.i 11 ■ Mnr^ >li(.wc,l .|i'i"' I'n'-ll"- •''"'"^' ''"' '''I"''' "^ ''"' '"'-' ''M>''n''»ff''l
,., far. Cot ulunp^r. ;.!-.. uf TJ - -tat-. Wof'.r,! .„>lv till tlli.lliijiht .
i;:iI(m1 ;^7.
.\ui:ii~i -'!l. TIh' iniiht wa^ lu-i the l.t-t for tfati-pa.viK'v. A b.az."
,„,,,.„,l,,i up ■-'() it. tlH' caM. itl nthrr .iiivclioll- linticcal.l.' I'MI tint tiiark.'d.
l.!„,,„ati,m~ :t> Ufi-hti..- of faint ohjcrt^ M.owr,l l-ntcr tfatiMKif-ticy
to :^^ on
,„,..il,!,.. WCtv 1 latitm ilii- factor alone ii would run •>•)
1 tnarki'il
,,..,1,. ,,f ,-, On llic otlirr haii.l tlic Mca.liiit-s \va-^ ..xcrllctit.
it is in Nriy tnan.v ra^'- ^^Wu■U uh-au^ a^ uoo.l a> vyw «■<■:,. if tlii^ had
„/„.,.N l.crn tlir Malr ot thr M'citl- and n, nil i„.s,t,o,is. th- nil^ht \V.)uM 1m"
i-atrd thu- Km It \va> po,,rrr than the inaxinmni l"r low altitudes, sa.v
tho-e af(Mind 2.V. l'o"il.l.v i;^ wonM Mini np the seeing in all partieiihM-s
for the tiiiiht.
I'KN'riC'l'nN Sl'.cuNI) fKliM.
A^ Mated previously, after >pen,liim a short time at Vietoria on my
n-tinti in.tn niomit llaniill.ui. detaiU of which have alivady l.een -iven. 1
,,,,„rned lor a -cond viMt to l',.tit icMoii. Tiiis time I was loeate.l on the
cre.-t of the mountain, altitude -'.Tiid le<'l.
>,.ptem!Mr t. Clealed aliout n o'do.'k. While not expectin- the best
of -eein^. 1 thou-hi it would -ra.lually improve as the nitiht wore on l.iit
i, ,ild n..t. The v.ind dropi"''l '•"•!>■ :" i"'-^'" ■""' '" "^■•'' '"''"'■ '""' '" ''"'
unaided e.xe a iioo.l ni-ht l.ut there wa~ al..olutelv no such thin- as
Mea.litie-.. -tar it,.a-<'~ were nel.uloii- and |-ull.v :'.' or J" i.i diameter.
With pouer IMt culd diMimr,u~h ome doul.le.. of ii'M) sepai-ation !,ut that
al.out .lie limit. llumiditN ran i'fom TO in the .'arly evening to '.(I) at
,lav!i-hi, I ould not rate the ni-lu. a- had not .■xperience.l Mich previou-lv.
-rpieml.er :., Cleared c.mpleielv al.out Mmd.mii. The lifM hour after
.-undov.i; wa- -ood. aLou' Ml ''"hen a north wind arose, it uot cold, ami M'eini:
l„rame exceedimilv had. I or an hour it wa> no '^o.-d. ihen it uradually
unproved and tetuained al.out :;:.. D-uhlc of ■_'■■■() were tncelv nieaM.rul.le
ihoUilh they jumped C(ill<i«ierai)i.\ . ."ve^i.i lai.u ••'•■'.
^^n.\nl.l; mtk kih iiik 72-in< ii ui:i i.i;( ion.
295
S,.|,icnilicr fi. ( h'ar calm ilay and piod iiiyiln I'mUowi.I. Tlir liiiini.lily
„a^ (luiti' !(,w, aniuii.l HI all niiilii. Tlir r.iifavouialilc iTlliri-in wa- in
rciianl in t raii^paivncy caiiMMl hv a veil of lia/.c which MTincl I,, pivvcnl
faiiH >iai- Innn hrinii dclcrtcd or ratlicr from pn-l^inii in vi-ion. Wliilc
,„,t pnlcci, th.' >tca.rmc.- wa- >o nearly m. thai notliin- unfavouralilr
nerd \»- -aid. Xiiiht rated 4-4.
Scpicmlicr s. Clouded in day. Cleared at 7.:!() in eveniiiii hut unsteady
and -hortly aflerwa.i'd- clouded over.
Se|)teml)er '.». Seein- hr-l three hoiu'- after sundown ali>oluli'ly no iiooil.
Then it imiiroved sliuhtlv -o that some seml.hmce of an iniane wa- iiiven.
Double- of ;;' ■(! could l>e detecteil I'V elontrutiou 1)U1 that wa- at>oul the
limit. Seeinti like this till midni,iihl. Humidity around lid. Ni^hi rate,!
1 ■.").
M'ptemher 1(1. Till niiiht up to midniyiht wa- fair for sti-adiiiess, ;•.
ivreal anpr vement on the pa-t few nights hut not (|uite <M,u:iUin- Septeniher
,i, A till,, ,,r ha/e hun- over most of ihe sky till midni'iht when it
di-apiieared. The fauspareiicy was much improved thouiih the -teaduie-s
,,.,naine.l ahout th. same. To the unai.led eye the lOlh and 11th .stars in
l|,e I'leiades showc'd ui) hetter than I had ever ,-een before in Cana.hi though
not so 'iood as at mount Hamilton. liated the niiiht 4.
September II. The nillht one of the he-t. All elo-e doubles clearly
.U-lined. .\ marke.l feature wa- the jireater steadiness in the s,,uth and
west cau-ed by liaz<' which per.sisie<l in that part of the sky. In the west
the sta"- of low abiiudes were reinarkablv steady. The tran-parencv of
,.ourse was not the be-t. .; and ■; in f l-.vra- |.ersisted only about 10 per
:.,„ „i il„. time. The dellnilion best factor the steadiness wouUl have
l„.,.ii CO s;i\e for the northea-t the tran-i)ari'ncy not ove
nii^lit rated \ ',i.
4(). ri
September Ui. Cleared at ."> o"<'li>ck hut broken liy clouds most of ihe
,,•^1,, l-p to 0.:?l) p.m. consideiahle ill vlelinitio,, and bodily displacements
•2'M'<
II Hl.h ATIONS UK Tin; UdMlMil.N Dli.-EUVA miiV.
of 1"(). Traii-parciicv |mm.i-. It v.as witli dilliciilly that ID" -lars \v(>rc
Mcn, SiiiiH' impnivciiicnl '.l.iiH to II o'clock. Uc~i hour an.una midiiinlit.
uhcii M'ciiiM: iniH'h -tcadicr ihoim'h iraii-parciicx not impnurd iiiiicli. I'lic
fratuiv of p(,or scciiiii ill ca>tcni laaxiii- wa- airaiii noiicralilc. l!atc,l
iii-lit :mi.
^cpicinluT IS, Ni-ht hriUiant l.iit (|uitc unsteady. I'owvr :V2U entirely
out of .lue.Mioii. li kept iiiiproviiiu particularly after '.» o'clock, when
xMiid dro|iped coinplelelv, and at 1 iiH in the /..nith it c(,iild lie rated I ■ 2
l„ii d.'ienoraied \ ery rapidly with decrea-inii allinide- Same characteristic
of p.Muvr >eein- to ea-i than m other .liivct ion>. ilaiiy e\eninij. douiile.s
of -J-d Nva- the lit. lit. This improved m. that l''-^ couhl he detected,
ihoutrh far from iieinji delmite. Ni^hl valued at :',■'■'>.
.<epieml.er 10. Tlie l>e<t all round nitdit experienced Ikmv. Douhles
of r'.(i could lie immediately identitied. Diffraction rin;xs steady ami
Mimlar lo steel en-ia\i!m effeiM noted in Iwsi se.ai:^ at \'ictoria. Sliy:h;
lack of transparency, hui ni,i:h; worth Mi.
MKDii im: 11. m .si;i(iNi) ruiiM.
Septeml.er 2.'). Part of iiiirht devoted to settiim up and adjustinp; instni-
luent l.ut conditions noted from '.l.lill on till near dayli-ht. '1 :e ditTraction
pattern uas fairlv -teadx . I -Imuld siy steadine^.- on the whole ah.mt
:;.|^ Toward- rnini: ihw heijan to f<irin on ot.ject shi-- and hy :>.;'.!»
formed a- fa-i a> could lie cleaned otT. lulled miiht :!1.
>,.,,i,.|nlier 2ti. Dav and niiiht clear. Wind tir-t from south then
dropped eetirely i,,r tew hours, then ro-e from north and later a-aiii shifted
I,, ^ouih. Seeinu \\a- almost u-ele— at any nine >o far as -leaihiiess was
c,,ncerned. Tin- m-ht and .^eptemlier 1 .ii I'enticton were very much alike,
imaiie- e\iremel\ diffuse. No raliiiii,
.-eptcmlicr 27. 'IT. miiht -tarteil oil line. I'lr an hour after suiidown
th<' -eeim: wa- excellent, liiit after that time the deiinition lieiian to
d.terioratc. Hodilv di-placement- crept in and .licnera! unsteadiness the
ml" I'rom s.:-5() the -eeiim iiracticallv u>ele,ss, Doubh's of 2"U could be
sriTAHI.K Ml'K KDlf IIIK 72-IN(II HKKI,K( T( )U.
297
.usLcftcd l)Ui lliat tli(- limit. IN.w.r 120 hipilicst iisuablc NiRlit raird
Scpirnil.cr 2N. llciv was :i iiidit <>f which one inisht cxpcd the hcsl.
Clear at IcaM for four MiiTcssivc <lays ana nights, witii a st('a<ly haroinct.T
all (lay an<l ii" wind. It was woefully disappointinji. Star imafics
nehulmis. beiny; '.V or 4" in dianietiM-. Xi«ht not worth over 2.
Septi'nihcr 2'.>. Clear till '.).:50 p.m.. |)artly cloudy rest of iiijiht. Xortii
wind whieh liowever drojjped completely. S(-ein^ a marked improvetnent
on former niniits. Could detect doubles down to l"-2 tluHmli they were
iH.t well delined. Transi)arency only fair when perfectly clear, as .; and .7
in t i.yra' did not persist. Rated nisht :}o.
September 'M). With the exception of some hazy clouds in south and
w(-st which lasted till ',» o"clo.'k. the niKht clear. Fairly transi)arent, as .>'
and .7 in t i.yru' and otliers similar persisted half time. Bodily displace-
Mieuts were not larsc: star discs imi)roved from fti to l"-:! diameter.
Seeing rated A'-i.
October 1. Sky perfectly clear down to horizon. Some wind from
west which died down. Creat unsteadiness. Xoither ;V2() nor ISO nor 120
powers any use. Imanes must be .")" or (V in diameter. Hated 1-3.
October 2. Clouded in afternoon anil turned quite cold. Cleared at
7 o'clock. Seeiny; absolutely useless, hut on account of sudden cold chan-e
in weather there is some excuse for it toni-iht which there was not on
previous nifjhts. As an illustration of poor seeing one case may be noted.
Star 7120. :V'-7 separation with iwwers 320 or 180 just one elongated blur,
with 120 can note somi' form of images. C'ovidod ([uickly at S.30. Hated
10.
As tl-.e nights of 3rd and 4th were cloudy and snow was falling on the
.-,th, and further as I considered I had sufficient information regarding this
place. I decided on the Mi to pack up and leave next day for the east.
•J'.tS
IM
!;!.!( AIH'N- "1 I'"' K'lMINH'N i )l(--l; li\ A I ' il(^ .
mi AW A >l MMKH \M) MMMN'.
11.. re uill lir liiMH M -imun: rv :i. lr;i~i n\ tlir ui.rk .loiic ;it OinnvM,
•n,.. ir,-tniniri,i w;i~ parlly -n u|, <m Max llili. Inii ivpaii- and altnatiuu-
HCCipir,! ^ninc nn.r ainl. lMlth:T. rimM.lrlnl.lr InHll.lc «a^ rxprn,n.T,l in
iictuni: a pcrlrcily unilurni iinaiic- >nnir innr wa^ -\nu\ in airaimni- a
,,ro-.-ai,inir ni i.-t (.l.jcri^, ticl.l- lor phoO-iraplii.' i.urpnM-. .'tr . l.ni
, ii,,un^ nl H...ii,^ wrrc nnir,l al 111.- sunr innr, l-l,c Inlluwin- Minnnary
I, Miliicirni u, indicat.' tlir limcral ciinlitiiin- rxprnmr..! Tlir lainiii
:,-.iiinr,l in ihc carlv ^nnuncr lia~ Lrrn lowrrr,! i,, that liivcn in iIh' lal.lc
taiitlanl Ixiim rai-rd. a- will l)c nuiilinncti latcf.
si;ki.\(; coNuniDNs at on aw a
in \i('\v Hi in\
DBtC
1!>13
ItclnarkH.
liMlilin^
M;iv 11 CirriiMloiH^. M>iiii' Il.zum >> ;in,l imi^hicImm —
" Jll IriiMi!!-.- l;ii-k ilcfiuitiiMi
•■ Jt rlii:iliiiE ili'ilil-. slr-iclirr iIkiii lin\ i"ii- mtiii -HiK
'■ .»i >trMclitii-.i ;iiiii tr;iii>p:in'ni V f.ilr. I"-' mi
•• :lll Tiiir; ili:iii»'1iT< of >i;ir ilisi-.i l"■.^ :in>l up
.tunc 4 ^Di;llll<!lT> of >lar .li-i> 1" 7 nr Ilicr
■• r, T.Mir nittli'
7 rr:iri-|Kiri nrv :i >; stiMilmos ;io. .
'.I rrMn>|iMn!i'> I II; ^tc;i(lini'.-s :M')..
" 10 IVcry li:i/.y :in(l unstpady.
■J I)
J I
■_' s
.' r>
■J I'l
■J 11
:'. I
^l.l.iMi ( iiMHIH i\> ^1 n[\\\\ \ -r„i,liii'i"l.
Date.
RtM!i:irks
1913.
O.I. 1 1 IVinlili's of J"-."! soparation liarrly (^istinKlli^lM■(i
.. 10 Iwiiat liltlr M.<.inc then, was, was very fair
•• ;«) Stcailiiii'ss fair in vi.-w uf two w^ks pri-vimis Ijroki'ii wi.aili.T
" :il
Nov. 2
" 4
Ucvc.rsi. of l..ist nialit; traiiKparoiK.y lii'tliT than strailinrss
C'lcari'd at 10 o'clork; spc.inp improved to 2 'Ml
Transparrnry H.oinin2ly good. Imt fluoIiian..ii.^ "i f out ^iir^..
., Indian .■iiiininiT day, imagps viTV nebulous
« 'Seeonil Indian Minuner day; iiuane> at times to much a.s .i"
■JO
:; i>
■J 1
:; ()
;io
~ ' '
U-8
■J (
:i-2
-' ■ -
) V
-MIAHl.l -111. ln|( IIIK 7'.'-lN( II lll.l 1.1.< li>H.
'.r.i
I'UI I.IMIN \l!'i ( ii\ir\l;iMJN 111 nil I'l \CI.S \l>lll.l)
Si MMAin lit nn \ i~i m W ■mk
Mnllriri
. II ,1-
Hir.lT
I'c'Illli t'
11
\,rl,,ri.
< l|lM«- 1
NiKhm.
14
ti
IS
14
IK
'li iii-|M.rc iiiy. I Sic:iilim-!<
» S
3 6
a-7
30
2 3
13
31
3-8
2-4
A- -laicd |)rrvi(iu>ly in ilii- piililiciitiini. ilic -rcinii lAprriruci'd at HaiilT.
uiulcr wlial -liiiuld liavr Kmi ^:nn(l (•(.iKiiliuns \\a,- <o pucir as to ivudcr it
uiiMiital.lr a- a -itc lor a larur ivllcctur and cunsiMiucnt ly it wa- uniittcd
on the ivtiirn trip. Wliilc the lii>t visit at Mcdicin.' Hat wa-- made at a
sca-oli of lirokcn w^atlicr wlii'li the licst sivinn could not lie hoped for. y.M
diirinn- tlir I'lilk of my -.ccond stav the weather was all that could hedesired.
llafilly a cloud was >een for da\ s and tl ninhls, atnl fe])orl slated thai
such condition- had e\i>ted for two or three week- previou- to my
coiiiiiiji. 'Hie averaiii' wind velocity was lu-low the normal, the liarometer
^vas fairly -tea<lv, and in l!ie-e settled condition^ the lie-t -eciiiK that
the place could produce minht he looked for. It wa- very disippointiiiK
that the ^-einji experienced fell away helow expectal ions. I'rotil what little
seeiiiy: had Iwen e\i)erienced the lirst visit, tosielher with oilier olxervers'
(-xi)eriences at similar places, particularly in the plateau regions of South
.\merica. 1 hail been led to e.xpei't much from it in favourable weather, hut
from whatever cause the 'H)or seeing resulted and local conditions can not
I • hlameil for it the i)lace may lie rejected as unsuitahle.
I^eiore treatiiisi of Pentictoii and Victoria hoth of which have points
in their favour and comparinfi them with Ottawa, the statement should he
made that in tin- writer's ojiinion the tiniUT- jiiveii in the ahove tahle for
Ottawa seeing are Iowit than they should \n\ for the reason that mu
poorer conditions than the averaj;i' existed during my work liere. For tl
•M,.-> ^..K,;.; g...n to ;5rc;;:.d v;::;:, ^■^^ :;-^!:> ■■■: ^r-^ ^-^ '
ell
le
I
V,^ ..!....-„I
MO
IM lU.K \ riONS i)K Til
y DiiMl \ |i i\ ( ill^l U\ \ Ti ilU .
.,, ., ,•,,.,„•(! ..r the -rci.m rsprrirncc.l wllilr IlK.kill-i
.p..,.,n..ran,^, raMn^ U nu ,1,.. ruM.Mn.rv -,•.:,. of r, for ,!„■ l.r-- ^r.u.s \ Ur
.,|.,.,v..r- ^w■,v I'lM.krtt, I'aikrr, ( •uu.on an,l .kr un-.T. Tlir t!,r,,. la^
„„.nt.Mnr,l. l.v vvlHun tlir kulk of Hh^ laMnv; x^a- ,lo„., au.r,-,! faiiK '-IwU
,„ ,,„■ nu.nlMT a-i^.H-.l ikr M-inji. H-.-' '-"'^ ^""1''" "l'!'"''' """ ^ '"
,.,„npan. oMnnatr. Dr. IMa^kH. UM.ally rat.-l kr^.T: ki^ >tan.bnl was
,„„uallN k.^krr ou,n. m ln~ liav.nu ,.x,.rn.n....l k-.trr ...inu wink' MMMnt.
,„1,.,, ol.-,.rvaronr-. Tk. foHowini: takk' u,ll uivr tlu' a^.■,•a... vak.r
assi^j.UMl tkr niiikl. o„ wkirk Ikr ^pcH n-urapk wa- m u-r. for ,!„■ y.ars
lUd't to I'.U:; iiii-k;-iv(\
OIIAW.V .^l.KINt. Kirmtl) nl >l'l.rTia » .1! \M>
July -,1) 111^:1. ts
AuR. W ••
Sept. j 63 "
Oct
Nov.
3 .'.
.•!■.-. i
:).(! AviTMti'' =:i Hi
.■!-4
3-3
Xnvv, to krin- ikcH. otitnaK- into ronf<.nniiy witk lk.' wntor'- rai.n-.
for iki> spr.'ial uork. they woukl kav,- to Uv IowchmI ky akout •_'.-. prr <■(„!.
for n.v stat.danl of what .•o..>titut> s p..rf.rt s.rin^ has. (luri.>^ my v.Mts to
IVn,- ;on. Vi<-tona an.l mount Hamilton, Ixtu ••orrc-pondrnjily raisr(k Thus
.v.. n.av put ,kmn Ottawa Mrin, a> av.ra^int; JO Tkr tra-^sparrnrv n.ay
,„, .l,.notr,l kv :k;; an.l Mc.nlin.-^ J(k Tkr.,. numk.T. ar.. krlf-r n.luv^
,„■ ,1,, sr,anu lirn. tkan tko... in t kr akovc takk.. Tlu'y may hr \ni,U <>r
,1h.v n,av k,. k.w, kut Nsliat i< vital tlu'v r..pr.'..M.t Ottawa >rvuvx a.Tor.Hn^
,„ ■,!.. in-.-rn. .tatulanl of tk. wnlcr, kv wkon. of rour-r tkr rompariM.n^
^., ,1„, ,„i„,, plan- w,.rr uuuk. Tk.. tknr plar.> tl.n still un^k.'
con-iilcration v.oukl rate a-^ follow--
REUVriVK SKKINC. VAUIES.
'rruu.spurLii. \ .
.Stt.'.idmes(*.
;!tj
;j.i
Pcntii'tun
V icToria.
Ottawa.
3 8
16
>l 11 Mill, -111. Ml- llli: 7J-IV< II KKHKiliiU.
:!()!
I'lnlni/inplin- Vo/.s. MiUlidll Iki- l>rcn lIKldr nl' llir | illol ()'_na| )llic' Wnrk.
•|'urlil\ |il:itr~ Mfr in;ulr ;it I'clil iiliHi :ilul lifliTli at \l<'l,,rM (if tlic -rl.'ctrd
,|.ii- hrlil- ,111(1 (1. M'lopiil iiMilir iinifdrin (•<i:i(iil inn- after in\ ictuiii t.i
(tllawa. While tlie plat(- in uelieial '("Hc cut tlie relati\( lalinii- Id'
.l,.;„rn„— tlie Nictdiia |ilate> -liiiuinu trail- iinieli -harper than ih(i-e at
l>,.|,liii,,n \et, (iwiii- K. pii-iMe .-liuht chaiiKi^ in ''"'■"~. t(M. iniich liependeiio'
,,in;|it i„,t (,, |,e placed iipdii thiiii when (•( ,ii.-ideriiin; ihi- factdr. In e(iinpariiiji
ill,, i|,|eli-itic> (if the traii> (in the plates dther ineinhei- df the -lall uel'e
kind iiidimh Id y,i\c their e>tiinate- -(. as to cheek my duie
'I'll,, ivMilt <if thi- phdtduraphic work .-hows that renticton cxceU
\ictdna in t raiisparenc> aliout _'(l per cent. Now, ;is it haiipen-, the \ isiuil
latiliti for the two iilace- is aliout the same. lint there i- no dolll.t ahout
the Miperidrit.x of I'eiitictoii over N'ictoria in the matter of transpareiic.v.
One could ulnio-t s;iv a- much from knowim; the altitudes aliove sea-level:
I'eiitieton, tif-t vi-il, lli;;() feet, second \isil, 21M) feet; Victoria about 2()(t
feet. rrom ^''tn'ral unaided eye oliservations 1 had judyied that I'eiiticton
wa.- superior in this re.j;anl and the photofifaphic i)latcs indicate such to he
,1,,. ca-e. The explanation of my apparently lii«h rating for Victoria in
this regard i- the foUowinu,-; Two things were taken into accumit in
assinninu u numl.er to reincscnt the transparency; d) the hi'ihtuI appearance
of the sky and the faint oliject- reached with the naked eye; (2) the ease
witii which faint objects could be picked up with the telescope. Now in
,.,,jra,-,l to i'_'i Victoria excelled Penticton consideratily. Tlu' theoretical
limitini: ma'j;nitude for the telescope lies between l-'O and !_'■.'). Stars
of 11-.') ma^iiiilude coul'l I'l- picked up and persisted more or less in vision
almost every ni.^ht at Victoria, while sucli was not pos.-ibie at I'eiitieton on
more than half the iiifihts. Now tlie reason for this is no doubt the
o;reat.T steadiness experienced at the former place. The lisht from the faint
.ihjecl,- was concentrated into siiiail compass makiiifz; a distinct imiiression on
the eye, which could not be the case where the iiiia^e was not perfectly
delmed and -teady. Transparency, in s(j far as faint objects to be reached
is concerned, cannot be dissociated froir steadiness.
302
|l|.l<Mlii\> "I illl l)M\ll\hiN iill-l H\ \ lM|t\
riir r,,n.|ii--ioii ihai -rem- \<< l.r «:irrnilr,| Inun a cnii-i.lr: ,tioii .,1 Ih,iIi
\i-iim1 ail. I plM.luiiraplnr \\..rk i- iliai ulniva- I'rnnn.m rvrl- \ i.tMiia in
tiaii-pairiir\. Ml wIhiv -Iraailir- 1- ,-,.nrrn„,l \iH.,iia 1- \a-ll' -ili"ii..r U.
I'.,,uriun Tlir latini:- "I :; ti I'"- I'rniMi.M, ai.l :'. 1 l-i Virioiia m ilir
iiiaiicl- nf liaii-iiairiir\ would imi li" lai a-ira\.
Char >/(/. \- II" -prnlir (lata iviiariliiii; i lie aiiiniiiii ol clear -k\ at I'ni-
lirtun un-r availalilr. ai laii-rmml - unv ina.jr Inr a n-i.lriil nl lliat place t,,
,,l„,i,,i;iapli ilir iKUllicMi l,ra\cn- cad, nmlii l.v -inM>lv diivcli,,.^ a camera
I,, the pole -lar aiui allnvMii- tlie -lar- I., trail acre- the -eii-itue lilm,
l,,r rompaii-oh a -miliar aiialiiicniciil wa- elTeclcl at Mdicin.' lliU I "f
,,l,Mnii- iva-.iii- tlie-e latler lilm- liave nm lie, iiillv umk.'d up i^eiw.'eii
Mmvh I'.l ami Octuliei 7. -'(II iccinl- Icel cmne m Irnm I'eiilicliHi ami
,,f ,li,.„. 177 !ia\e lie.a, e,iii-hlere,|. CimpariMii, \miIi the reciiril ot
xptemlie, I'.t. uiiich ua- mv licM ni'^l'l at lliat iilace, iia- lieen ir.aile
;,:„| ll,e re-.|lt -liiiw- that the niLlhl- axcia-eil at lea-t IC |)cr celil , a- tin.-il
;,, ihal imiht. At Mimmeilaml. almiii fu c ur -is inile- di-laiit, a Min-iiiiic
,■,.,■,, nler ha- heen m .iperatimi for a leu veai- ami from it the |ienent:w
,,! lumht -mi-hme i- i:.. We may ihii- a-ume that the peiveutane of
,.1,,„- -kN at I'eiitici,,,, i. if tl iiM-hlie;:' I ..f 1(1. •riicre is ih.^
:„l,liti,ii,al -ii-i;e-iimi in i he-e tiiiure- that the dav and niiihi ammiiit- uf
clear -k\- arc mterciianiiealilc.
ir„„/. Nu record- lor \siiid at I'lMiticloii were a\ aiialilc ( ■oii>ideralile wmd
movcmeni ua- experienced .hirin- mv -tav, the prevailing wind- heint; iiurlii
ami .outh lieiueen Okaiia-aii lake ami lake >kaha. Some idea ol llic
averati. uind velocii\ may he y:aine.l from a .■.,m|.arr-oii of the aiicii leter
ncuid- durmu mv -tav al each i.lace. At Mdicme llal Hi,' in-irument
wa- fullv e\po-cd to the Wind, while at I'enticton and \ictoria it was
.helfreil to -ome cMeiit l.y iivt's, ,-li^htlv l.'s- so al the latter plac.'.
Medicine ]\:i\
I'enticion
\ ictoria . . .
1 1 -2 mih- per hour.
in
5-7
-Ill Mil I -III iiii! iiir 7'J iM 11 iirn.ii ii'ii
m.]
IVdin lii\ -liiiil -i;i\ :ii iiidi plai'i' ilic lii'-t I i-niiM -;i\ wmiM In' ilial
llir will, I \rln(ii\ :il 1 '. •] 1 1 id nii wiiiiM l.c -iiiiiiar U> l|i: :it \|rlnii:i. wlili'li
III r\|iii-ii| |p|ac'i'~ 1~ aliiiul ^ niilr- |ir| lluiir.
T, iNIi, nitiiii liiiin/, A- a liirlhi'' anl in al tin iiiii at iln' iilal'iM' \aliir-
(il llic |>lar(- llii' lilii|.(ial III!' lilaillri,!^ will I ir '^\\ r\\ liilr III lh( talili-
ai lln- IriiiniiiKii, l|ii> a\cra:ii' iliiiriial caiiiic \\a~ tiUrn, Iml wlial l- I'l' iimiit
-|iii-|llc llii|i(Uiaiiri' i> llir ralmr in trni|irlal urr ilniintj. llir linir llir rrllrclur i-
III aiMiial iipri al H'li. lii'rau-i- a. iillici iiiiir-- |iiiilci ion can lir ui\rn i' lln
raiiiir ill iiiii|icralMir lictwccn -iiiidonn ami iiir tiiin' "i niiiiniiiiiii \aliii' (liiriim
I lie ni'^lii, ii-iiallv |ii-t lirlui'c --miri-f. ua- nnii'ij iVdin llir I liriiii(iiira|ili --hrri-.
'I'lii- (liar niv.lit- i>nl\ wcrr '•(in-nliri'il. 'lir ranni' liriiiii lii'i'Micr in tiriicral mi
clear iliaii on cloii,l\ nur'il- 'I'lic ti^inn- lor ()iia\\a arc lor all ilic clear
iiicli!-- iliiriiiLi ilic lour niontli~' work,
MI.AN NKilir KANUE.
UaiilT
MrilioiM' Mm
I'rlltlchill
9C_> (■ ! \ LcloriH
7-.j (' I in.i«:i
7-a C ij
7 li (
\'ictoiiaV -ii|i(rioiii\- in ilii- rc(i;anl i- \cr\- proiioiinccil.
Siniiiiiitnj. ( 'onsidcrin^!; llic two iiio>l ruvoiiralilc jihiccs out-idc of Ottawa,
tlic (lata hearing directly upon the quc-^tion of a site iiuiy he crystallized
into the following; talile; -
HaiiKi' of Nighl
Place.
Wind.
Clrar Sky
Tcinprrnlurt'
ria..-:
;iri-nry
Slr:iilim-».
IVr ci-nt.
=
rt'nticton
Approxiiiiatrlv 7
i.r S llul.■^
pir hour
4r,
7 J (•
H 6
31
Vlitiirm
;;7
:i s (■
:{-4
3-8
i)ll:iw:i
"
tj
7 il ('
3:{
2 6
The main c ; uns in the above tabic arc the amount of clear sky,
transiiaiincN . rany;c of ni^hl icniperaturc and steadinc-s. 1 am not prepared
;;oi
•rBl.!(\TlnN> nK 1 UK IXiMlNK'N i >H>KU\ A ^"l!^ .
,., .av wl.at tlu. n.huiv.- importance of thr-.. lartors ,s. hut I think it u.ll h.
^^^,,„i,„„l „>at th,. laM ,n...uion,.a -hr Mra-lin-.s i< l.v lar .!..■ .no>t
„„,„„,„„, „„l i„ ,l,i- ,v.anl Vu-toria Ira.i-. hrinji ahout :.(. ,..■,• r.ut. -uprf.ov
,,, ouaua. In ronvuvation ^^ith .InTrivnl astroiio,,,,.,- .lufin- th. Munnu-r,
,, ,i„, li,.k Oh-rrvatorv and at thr VrfUrs. th. rtnphasis in tnaki.tii u
...hrtion of asi.r for a h.r,. .vthTtor wa^ bid npon >l. th. >,..adi.>oss
,u„l 2. a h.w fun^r it. tr>np..,-at,.n.. Thr .-onM.nsn^ of opinu-. >rrn..\
,, U. that tlir.M- qualilications wciv of paramount iniportun.r, ■•IVttrr far
„ uork on.' luiiht Nvith ^.ood >.vi.,^ tium two with s.^in- only fair."
to
t
As rcpird> the amount of Hear . sky thia. i-^ n<
What advanta-c thcrr i< ii.'s with Pent irton. with Ottawa ..ron
) markt'd dittVrcncc.
d.
l.,Hrr-n(T shouhi a«ain Ur iinvn Victoria when thr trnMuTat.uv ian«r
i. ronMd.ivd. Tlio.c who havr ..xiu.ri.'nr..d the chan-.'s pro.hu-cd i.i
,,|l.,.tor^ l,v rapid .•hanjir> in trnipcraliuv w<...ld heartily fav.ir the i.lacc
,.l,nv low ran^e i~ to hv found, ami Vi^'toriaV ran^e is o>il> half that of
Ottawa's.
'Hnis (,f tlu' two pla<>c>. P.nticton and Virtoria, tin- latter is
,1„, „„nv deMral.h' if n-inoval from Ottawa l.e .leei.led upon. As the
ol,^erva:iotis at X'ietoria ..xtend<.d over th.^ nu.nth of .\u-Ust. wlneh is
prol.ahlv one of th.. l.^^t n.ontl,s of the year, it -as felt advi.sahle iH.fore
.Ireidin- sueh an unpnrtant que>tiui to make furtluT investigation at \ letona
a„d see what conditions were like there at other se:..<ons of the year.
Wl.NlKli VISIT 111 VI( rnlilA.
With the oi.j. then of a<certainin-.i the ^'cin- conditions at Victoria
.lurinii the wint..r nu.nths. as vAvvn-d to above, 1 .naiU- a second visit there,
arriving;; oii November '2S.
,,, ^^,,,,i,-,„„ ,„ ,!,.■ contim.ation of <pecili<. test-, .general local conditions
which mi-h.t iiaN- a l.-arii.t; m.ion the (,u(-tion ^^rrr to be cousid.'red. The
,■ ,.|,,.,,. niiihis at t' -ason of the year is very >mall and my
' ; .!•(• i felt that sullicient data had been
1 • , 1 ^ ,,,t,..r •!(»
percentajie o
.-lav Atended o\rr four we
rured. 1 Icit ^ l>i-isii
lias ly. ui'i
<rn.\r.i.i: mti: for ihk iJ-imh iiKi-..i,( mii.
:?().l
Dmiiiy; this .-t:i>- iit \'ict(iii;i I w.irkcd (in 11 niiilits or purls dl" niulits.
f ihc.-c Di'.h- a few li<)Ui>' -i'ciii^ cdulil Iw hail, nthcr nlfrlits
luiii!;li on n:aii\' n
I liail ii'ailr rcaiix to win
k lull iliil iinl uct
-Uttirlcnl -rrlll
ii 111 l>r wiirlli
ri'i .mliliL'. Oul of tlic-r II liit''lil- il is ilouhl fill if liaur tiiaii -i\ ruiilil
hi' calliil wiirkahlf; tln' rcsl were su hrokrii ihal were we iiu ri'tiular work
with a II Icsciipc we woulil i)n)'ialil\' (liscoininuc work unless soinri liinj.";
fsi){'C'ially was dcsircil.
Pccrnilicr I. Iiiiaiif's jiimiiiiij!; sditicwliai Iml fail' ilcrniilioii. !")ifFracti
paltiiii iiicrly forinril
r;'ns|iarriir\ ahoi
:MI, stcaili
ahoiit ;{•(•.
h'l'riiilH-r _'. Traiispaii iicy hiii li'iiii' \\r ri|iial of last iii:4ht. Imt th
■^tcailincss .-onii'wliat ln'ilir.
iunipmji of iniaj^ics still, but not over
.V'. Till' ilrlinition slightly hrttcr al-o. IJaii'il stcailinrss :}-'2.
! )('C('H!l>rr 7. -hist frw op:' -pairs ami workcil on lirii;:!'.! stars.
DilTiaiiion paiirrn nircis fonncil. Worst fratiin' wa^ liir short ipiirk jumps
(if iiiiauc aaiountiiijj; to :,'". I'atrfl sccini; at :!•().
Dcccinhcr S. 'I'lie stars were Hurt uatinu in lirl'^ht iicss consiilcrahly and
traMs|)ar('nc\- not over 2-S. Scriiiii inijiroxcil from sundown to S i).m. and
then rcniaiiicd about constant. Doubles of I"-.") were noted easily. A
marked feature was the rapid decrease in the (|iiality of the seeing with
decrea-inn altitude.-
Nexcr so niarked before. The sei
mfi a\('raj;ed _■•).
December ',). I'irst jilimpse at --iindown was rated I. This lasted for
1.") minutes then the seeing decreased in i|uulii\- rai)iili>- and b.\ " ■ n was
not (Acr 1. The images became nebiilous lirst and then hit
place-
ments 'rept 111.
'l'em]uM\>ture bejian to rise about this time. Tlu fc
iioiirs' (ibscrvinn nut worth o\ cr \'A.
December 12. Just a few o])eninf!;s in sky and seeinp: not over lO.
December i;5. Five hours partly clear and the seeing varied from 1-2
o 2-."). .\vcrai:ed u]) would be worth about l-.'i.
:;i)i;
ITIlI.li ATln\> 111- Tin; DIIMIMON nHM-UVAl < 'H V.
1 ),,,■, ■inl.tT i:>, l.r- tlmii one liour'^ -rciii'^ l.ut it wa- very fair. Star
,li„.^ al.niil 1 :i (liaiiM'icr. 'I'lir (K-fmition lair Lul ^Immi <iwk lUmp- anuii,
a iVatiUT. Italcil a~ 'J- 1.
D.Mvinl.cr 17. liuvrtaiii in cvciiinii a^ tc, wlicilicr it woiiM '■■.(■ clear or
„„t. Tlic M'ciii- .Mirprisiuiily p»h1. laiicn',! in n,v nmrs a- "a nitilii
,l,at iioi l,i~l ill tlic Miniin^r and >iravc(l in nnw," a- tiir (iualil\ <il the
sccini: '.\a< -> 'S^oA. Twn cxaini.!.- niav l-c j:iv,ai: Siar HI.VJ iiM'.iiriilianr-
ratalo-iir, a dnnl.lc nia-nitiulcs .VJ ami tM. I" II apart, at alliliMi- l.V
lia.l c.nipnnini^ >oparatc.l an.l ili-cs just tiMiHiin^i racli .niicr. Star,- 2712
ir, ()rinni>^ nia-iiitiid.- 4 an.l T.. xrai-ation T'-O al-n, at aliitiuii' :'.:;
tli.m;.ili .iuiiipiiiii lia.l o.iiipnnriiK x'parati'.i al^i and di.-.- juM toucliin^j,
power :!-J0 ea-ily usiial.l.'. Down as low as T. altitude the dilYraction
patt.'rn ua- (■(.!itiniii)U> and -ecin- Letter than :i. 'riii- i> not nstially tiie
ea-e I'm Mieli Inw altitudes. \Miilc skv luH perlertly clear yet, llie lirst
halt' >'\ till' niiili' "a.- workable. Secin^i rated l-d.
Deccinliel IS. \o marked eritieiMll could l.e made of the Me:. dine- for
tl„. ,\vo ir> clear. Lack <if deiinition wa> the mo,-! noticeahli' featuie.
Trat»pareucy not over 2-5 and very Ininiid. Seeinji rated a- :Mi.
Deci-nilier I'.l, rerf.ctly clear day and clear nidd. I'.arly evenin|r
floatiiiii ha/e kept ext in<rui-!iim: faint -tar- like ( 'ekeiio and Sterope. Later
this haze .li-apiiearid and tlie avera'ie transpareney lor the ni^lit was iiiveii
.,, :;.s I'll,. re \va- eon.-ideralile -hiiiiiiieiiiiii of the diffraction j.attern and
aUo shcri .luick jumi)- of the -lar di,-c Imt th.' seein<i wa- w..rlli IMi,
Deceniticr 211. Wholly .'lear :dl day. Workable tir>t lialf of ni,-lit Imt
lattia- half Lrokeii. The s,,.inii Lo-t fr.Mn .". to 7 o'clock wl.eii it avera.ned
4.(1. Later ii wa- w(.rth only IL-L .\\cra-;ed up h.r the ,-, hours workahle
a- :L7,
Decemt.er 22. Cl.nidcd in afternoon hut cleared up m evemiig. Live
liour.- work, transi)arinicy :Lt), steadiness ;Mt.
SLIIAULE SITK KOI! IHK 72-IMll lii;i' l.Kl 'I i >H.
307
DotiiiIkt •_>:'.. I'ancy nio-tl.v cldiidv diirinj; ilir il;i.v \>\\\ all dear nii
iTiui-ii iM i-iiv ai <■,.:;(! i),in. Xiiiht clear till 1 '•!' a.m. ■rraii~|>arciic>- rali'd
a> :;(i 1)111 .-tcailino.^ poor ami noi worth ovit _'-2.
TaUimi into (•oll^i(l('^ation the li iii^lit> on which more or le>- work was
(lone the a\fraiie -eeinu wa> :>n. .\- mentioned above, a jireat many ol
the nij,lit> "ere >o liroken that iin. r ordinary circum>tance- work would
lie di>contimied unless some special oh-ervation were rei|uired. Then' were,
however, (i iiiiihis which could lie -aid to lie workable and they are ;i-
foll()w>; —
WUliK.Vlil.l. .NK.lll.s.
Avtrane iranspareiU'N',
.\\('raLi:e steadiness. , .
These two m'niliers siun up the result ol" the visual work.
WiiHK VV oriAWA I W IN'lKIi).
nei'cmlier :\\. I'.U:;. Iteturnint: to Ottaw : on the :'.(Mh 1 he^an workiny;
on the niirhl of lln' ;Ust. It was clear till Ul.l') when it lia/.e<l over. Wliile
clear th(> tians]>arency was as j;ood as ;i:> Imt steadiness very jxtor and
rated 2(1. Temperature — S°F.
Jamiarv 1. lOU. Neither t ransjiarencv nor steadiness were the eipial
of iirecediiiL!; niiiht. The images were jumping hadly. Rated transparency
:]•() and steadiness IS. Temperature -d°V.
.Tamiary 4. .\ffernoon clear but clouds hauMlinK around liorizoa at night
and Poinowhat hazy; night wanner '2yv.) than prccotlinp two nights, and
_j__j:_„„„ „.,„„:,i„_.,i-l.. K..n.,r IJafn.t it •>..". .Hid transn-qroncv MO.
slt-fiuinc-- wn.-iMrra- V ■ — - ■• — j— _i
;iOS
liMCATIilNS (IF TIIK DnMIM'iN nli-i IIV \T( Hi V.
.I;„uuiry .V !):^v Mlv r\rav 1.U1 \rvMr hlVM- .vcr sky Mt nidit.
,.;. ,,, o.,; ,„„ .,vr,a-a up tor ihr i-art ni-ht a^ 2-(l. Tfan^i.aivMry
.lanuary 10. Clcarcl in cvcniiii: and (|uitc <-nl;l -11 Ki. 1 lio
transnaivn.A- ua^ -.-vy r.hhI. l.rin^ rau.l ;!■(>. a..l tlu' M.^ulin,-. was
,„„si,"l,Tal.l.v hnirr than .xprrlr,!. Tlirn. wr,v .Won ,,,nrk junips „|- tl„-
inutji.' an.l -(mir la. U nl .IcIlMUion Iml ihr sccin- was worth _>-S.
,Ia„„avv 12. C\'-AV an.l r,,l.l all .lay. The s.^in- wa> ilu' 1"'M hciv
since iviurnin-. Ti.'- lateral (li.-plarcnimt. w.'iv not over T'. ''"l"' lifsl
,■„„, l,,„fs lalr.l .; (I wliirh i- th.. ....tsi,lc limit. -rowanl ini,lni-ht it
tr„t pooivf. -rran^paivncy :;i. Ni'^kt n.ininmtii -HO F.
,|.,„„.„.v i:;. Tp to 10. Ml" ili"fc Nva. cotiMdcfal.lc .iuni|iinii oi' iniaiic
,l,„itdi Ik.' tm.'k... wa~ faifly ,li-t,nrt. It tu.,.ani.' n..'.v -iilTu-.' howrvcf.
Transpatvn.-y fai.'.l a> ;M, M.-a.lin.'- 2(). Ntiiki nnnniMun - -W V.
The mean i
aiin.j; for sccin-j: cMKlition.- at Ottawa tor tlu-f -i'v.mi ni-
ni,!j;ht>
t-
•_'-:k wliich is jti.M the sanii' as tliat lor the i
lights I worked in ( ".ctohcr
:ui.l Novnnt.er. As tlu' ti.n.. ..1 n,y visit to Victoria in 1 )cccntl.cr falls in
h,^;\^,,.„ ,1,,.-.' 1-,.,, .late, w nia.v cnii-aiv ike .eein^ c.n.liti.ni. a; the I\vo
laces a- I'ollow.. tk.' ratiin^ l..'iiiu: on tk.' .■u-toinary -cale
t .'): —
vic'iiii!! \. lu;
CinMT;; wn .niiK.n ]>\l\
n.irin- my 'ay in Deceml.er at Vict.)ria, 1 to.ik tlte opp'-rtunity of
k.okins ..\.T the l.M-al c..n.riti.ms temliiiji to pru.hi.'.' the .-hniale which it
.•niovs. an.l a lew l.ri.'l r.'i.iarks on the.~<> coiuiitums nia> n..i i"- "i-
-iriAHi.i; >im; ihk iin; 72-iM ii hkki.ii mu.
:!()', I
^,( ph,,.,.. Tlic ciiv- i~ -iiiiatcd mi llic M)Ulhra>l point of \aiiniiivcr
inland. Il^ iiuan tnnpcral iiiv vari- from ID !'. in wintrr to (111 \\ iii
,iiiniiiiT, >o thai r\lrcinr.- of Icniprral iiiv arc imi ii'.rl v.iili. 1 lie
ali~cii(T of low lriiil)crallirc- i~ likely to ht; wrlcoiiail 1>\ (ili>rrvcr>.
xsl„) nfirii work ill iciiip<'ratiiir- niucli lidow zero. ■riii- ii;faii > early
precipitation taken over a period of 2\ vear- i- 27 s iiicli-^. ^■IIle winters
tlicre i~ a fall of -now of a foot oi' -o luil it (piicklv- disappears.
The reason- su'j:>iested for tlii- low ranj;e in Iciiipci'al lu e and moderate
rainfall aiv the pre-ence of the warm ocean mirri'iit- winter leinperat are
l.")l'., -iimmei' lemperanii'i *'<■> I', ami the fact that X'icloria. and a limiieil
area a<l.ioiiiin<:, i-^ practically -iirrounded hy mountain ranJil•^ which cMraet
the iiioi.-tui-e from the ocean wind-. To the south of ihi' -trail of .liian
,1j. l-'iica i'l~f the ;na,ie~!ic Olympians T.OOO to s.'Y.V) !'e<". Tne raii;;i'
circles to i!ie ea-' a, id culminate- in mount Baker ll.liilO fee; T,i tiie north
aiiain are -now capped inoimiains. while to the wc-i extend lan^c- -uihciently
iiis^h to cMi off !he !,ulk of the precipitation that come- from i!ie ocean
wind.-. The precipiialion aloii^ the western coast varies in localities Iroiii
10(1 to 110 inches per >-ear, then this relatively (hy helt ''s reaclcd. < 'ro>sin)j;
the (.ulf the wind- ai!,ain liecome charjid with moisture which is precipitated
on the maiiilaiuL where it amounts to about 70 inclies per year.
Wiiiil. Throllfih tlie (iap to the southwest tile (■iitr;'.ii"e to the strait -
(■(line the ])revairmj; winds. l-lvery niontli in tiie year this is the prevailiiifi;
direction, lhoin;li diiriiiii the winter a jzreater proportion than ii>ual coiik - trom
a northerly direction. Thi.- was (.specially the case vliirinu; my winter vi.-it
Whether this almornia'ily of direction had an> elTect o;i •he seeiiiii or not
I caiuiot sav. The iivera<ie wind \(-loeity as i)reviously !ii\en is S-H miles
per hour. In a soinewhal sheltered position the wind movement, according;
to my anemometer. a\erajied ,")•.") mih-s per hour duriiiii; my stay so that
conditions in this retiard were alimit normal.
Tiiti/i<riihir, . i '(ms^derin>,' thi clear iiif;hts alone hirinii my winter visit
to N'ict(u-ia, the aveir.^e rantie in t(Mnperaturo from sundown to llie
..,;.,: f,.,. il,,, .,l.rl,t ,.-.1^ :«'^-S '.' Th.is lahie is identical with thai (it
MIO
E''ni.i( \iiiiN> "1 iiii: uiiMiMiiN nii>i,i;\ \ mm ,
ll„. suiiinirr vi-it Thr iii-ln nmiir :ii (Miax\:i nil ilir deal niiihl< in
Drcriiil.cr. I'.tl:;. aihl Oh ili"~c wnikr.l III ,lainiai>, I'.Ml. '.a^ > 1 C. so
ll,:,i, uli, il„.| -iiinm.r ..r wmUr ill.- raimr al Ollaua i~ al.niil .Iniihlr llial
al \ ii-lniia.
\. ilii, ilaia wa- ''•'V ^iicli a iiiiiiU'il iniiiihrr n\ nii^lil-. I s\ a~ Inl In
.Aa.ninc i!ir I hrrmni^rapii ~lir,-i- kr|,i al ili-' Mh ■nlii-wal < Mlirr, Vii'ini-ia,
aiMl ilin-,. at nur nun ..I.mt- .mrv. 'Hir lal.lr -linw- llic lanuc iniiii
-,in,|nuil In Ihr 11 lillil I H 11 1 1 Inr the mIuIiI Inr lun vrar^ -uHicinillv ivpica! nl
ill,. i\\,, plan- ill ivuard in -lin-llilir m tiiaki' liif cninpali-nii lair.
i; \N(.i, l\ Ml. 11 1 1 1 Mi'i i: \ 11 Hl'.-
Ottawii. I'.tl I. \n'lc.ri;i. I'.HW.
J:um;iry
l"t'l»ru;irv
Mar.li
April
.M:,v
.Illlli.
Olli\v;i, I'.nl \lili>riM, lUIMV
11
•> A C
3-9
4-8
4-.'.
;!•■-■
■Iiily.
Auguf-t
S<.ptiirib(r
OrtolMT
NDVt'IIllltT
I)<.ct.llil"i-
5
;i
(i !t
17
11
;i '.I ( ■
I '.)
I I)
■i-lii- iniaii- nf llu-r aiv: Ouasva »'»■») < '.. N'i'Mnriu li -7 ('. Tlius
uhn, all tlir iii-lit:-. iciianllo- nl >vlicllicr lln-v wnv cli-ar or nnl. aiv
cnii-iil. r...l, ilir raiiLir al Ollaua i> alHiiil lil» prr (•.■m, -ivairr ihaii llic raiisi''
al Nii'Liria, .luM uhirli nf llir^c lun ivlalivc valilr-^ i< l)i-l In luk" liiax'
1„. a mailer ni npinimi. It iiii-,hl \>r tlmuiilit liial iimrc uciiilil ^lu.iiM !»•
^i^,,i, ii, ihf ^icairr iiunii)rr m' nli-rr\ aiinii-, 1)111 nil ihc nilicr h.'iiiil as we
.•aiiiini tell ju>i linw Ihr raiiiic varii-s frniii clnii.ly tn clear iiiu;lits ami liie
laller niilv are .■nneerneil. it llia\- he WeM in a.lliere In the llmuvs nittaille.l
lur the lliulll- uhiell uere klinun In lie cl.ar. One tiling Mniek inefnrrll)ly
ii, Innkiiit: n\er ihe \'ii'!nria tlierinn-rani- .in.| Hiai ua-^ ilie rapiil .Imp in
h.inp.'ratuiv ju-l ai -■in.l.inn. Il wa- iiui.'h nmre iiiark.'.l nii lli.' \i.Mnna
ilian ..11 ilie Ottawa Mi.'..i,~, Nnw a~ the nli-i rvat .niial \v.)rk .Lies nnl
strictly -tart al siin.i.twii, llinil^h it l^ cnlisi.ii'reii a(ivi>aiii.' i.) .'[liai .i|.
-iiiM'.ii. -Ill; imi|{ nil. "L'-iM II Hi:ri.i:cH'i;.
.■{|1
;ili(iiii thai Hiiii', lilt' laiiLi,!' (liiriii'j; tlic WDikiiin huur> ni \'iclnrii wnuM Iw
irdiiiMd in :; ^ifcalrr iiiiipDit ion liian at l»lia\va. I think we nia>'
willi -alVi\ .■uncliKic iliai llir ran^r iliirinii tin' wnikinu Ihmii- dI clear
niojii- i~ ai li'.i-i 7') jicr ci'iit. lircalcr at (»tia\\a than at Xirioria.
The aliiimlt- aliiiM' sra level <if Ottawa and the hIimtn ini; station at
\iclo:ia are L^Ts ami 2;;i) teel re -peclively. ll' a >ite of ureater ele\alioii were
taken ii wonid |iio!ial)ly he I'oiind that the raiiiic in leniperal lire would lie
l(.-~,'lied. In the si'leetion ol' a >ite Tor the D. ). MilN' expedition to tlie
-oiilhern heini.-pliere >oine e\ ideiiee wa> olitaiiied lieariiiii on this (|Ue-tion.
The site -elected wa- alioul l.MIMI feet above the National ( »liservatol\\ and
i|iioiini:: from the repori* •The ratio of the raniie in tempei'aliire (hiriiiii the
ni.j,hi <in the hill to that of the lower country is atioiil 1 loi; in sununer, and
le-> in winter." 'rheic an' in the \iciniiy of X'ictoria. ele\ations of from TlK) to
loot) feet, well wooih'ih which is important so that if one of the-e were chosen
ihe raime of Ii ■ N ('.would proliaM\' he le-sened, thoU|ih it could hardl\-
he hoped to I'ediice ii in such a marked dej^ree as in the cas( at Santiajio.
In the jieneral tahle of meteorolot^ical data at the hey;inninti of this
pulilicati<Mi. the aniouni of clear sky was put down as Ottawa \2 jier cent,
\ icioria 'M per cent. Sinci' then, ihroutih the kinihiess of the director ol
the .Meteorological Ser\ ice, Mr. \l. 1'. Stupart, to whom we are inch'hted
lor much \alual)le information, I have secured the data from sunshine
recorder- at each iil.'ce. The data for Ottawa is for the years ISUS to
l',)i'J iMc!u-i\c. that for X'ictoria covers tiie years ISUU to JOI'J inclusive.
J'KltCEMAUK UV HKICIIT .SL .SSHl.NK.
.hiim^iiy
I I'linuiry
M:ii-,li.,
.\|M,I.
.Mav
.luiH'
Oltitwa. Victoria.
-I'uljl!.
tl
M)
;s
:i<)
11
;t!t
17
l:(
51
i
40
..,(;,, .1^ 1
irL
Olwr
July.
Ol'tlllKT,
NovfinlRT.
Ufcenilx-T. .
Ottawa.
r,\
:,\
It
III
■js
33
Victuiiu.
%
61
17
JO
34
20
15
rv i( irv V
111 IV u■.^L',■ V.i.
M2
ri 1
ll.lCMlllN.-^ (ll 1111. l)iiMI\Hl\ Mll--l;l!\ \ li'KI
Thr iiinin pnr.ntaiir^, (iit:iwa II. \ irtnna U. aiv in tinud aiinnnrut
,,,,1, ,i„. ,.vr ,oi,natr> niriitiunca alMAc. Tlir-r muu\,n~ ivqiiiiv -unic
,,,|,1;,„:„1m„. ■\■Ur^ ,vpn-nt llir i,r,r.i,I,H-r ..I' I'mjh! M.n^lnur nnlv, an,!
,.,,„-,, lu.nilv tl,r aiuom.l of rlrar M.y 1^ i:ivatrr 'lai, i.Mlu-.'i'v.l In llu-r
,„,,,,1„.|-.. A- lliiTr I- iHi ii.lunnatiim axailaMc, I ran nu! -tair jilM vvliat
;,l,„u.lr .l,r Min iia- lu l.r l.riuiv lis ra.N - aiv Minn- .■i,..;i-li to l.uni ihr
,,,,,„,,, |„ii it l,a- to ].(■ .■,m~iiKral.lr, ,-prcially il' ilir hori/oii i~ lia/.y. ami
I,,,,,.,. Ilir Miiinl.n- lall >hnv\ of ihc artiial rlcar ~ky. TIh'm. poMtivf
,.,,nvcti..u^ slinuM !"■ appliid tn rvcrv month iii tlir yrar. llioueli they >houM
1„. h„-,.-t ill ihr winter month- «hrn ihr ~un-.< ahinulr i- aiwav- low. The
CO'-i ■•■lion- a.hlr.l to l.oth uouhl not chaiiiir Ilir relative amounts of clear skv
:„ th,. two place-. I.oeal <'on(lirioiis however An alTeet ihe reeonl-. The
,,.,.,,nler ai (Mlawa i- -iiiiale.l at the JAperimental rami about three miles
f,-n:„ ,1„. erntn' of ihe eiiy. while thai at Vii^toria is on the to)) of the
l',,M Otliee l.l.,ek in the heart ..f the city, where volumes of -moke from
ll„. -,,fi "nal U-. .1 are pourinii out in uinter and thus eiitlinji olT the
smn-th of the sunV rays. I hav in mind a partieiilar iuMa-iee whieli I
shall jiiNe, ihoufih i.rol.al.ly it i- an .'Xtreine ease. .ntendinj; to examine
,|„, nrorder one .lav al.out the mid.lle of Deeemher 1 kept note of the
,.,„„lltiou of the -ky l.efore Lioiii- to -ee it. The -UU had heel, U)) Uvo
),our- and a half, and thou-h the hori/oii was thick I should have classed
the .-ky as '.tO per cent, clear. The record .-howed L'O minutes l.rinht sun-
si,;,,.'. Th.' elT.'.'t .m the r.'cor.l .if the .-naike fr.im iieij;hl)ourins cliiinncv.s
and a ha/y h.ifizon \\a> imprcsse.l upon m.' uiion that o.'casion. This was
pi-,,lialily. a- 1 iiax.' -aid. an .'Mivnie .'a-.', lait it iioes t.) slu)W that when
tlir uv.) Ilia.'.- aiv compared in rejiar.l to amount of clear sky u special
allowan.'.' in th.' ca.se .if X'ictoria shouUl lie mad.'.
1 lia\e th-iu'dit w.'U to consi.ler these iierceiita^.'s further. It will lu'
,„„i,.,„l iiiai the p.^rcnta-.- f..r Ni.'toria .lurin- th.- wiiit.r aiv h.wer than
,!,,,-,' for <)tia\\a Part ,,f tlii-, th.iuiih by n.. means all, .an hi' ascribed
I,, \i,'i,,ria's hitiher latitude tak.'ii in .■onm'.'ti.m with 'o.-al .'..nditi.ms
p,vvi.iu.-ly ivferre.1 l.i. 1 hav.' taken th.' avera-." time inle-vai frou' 'mset
.: :.l, .1... .,.,....,,..( .iiroj
to simris.'. i.'SS OMC iioui. i.Jl earn iuoiitri ;;; coiiiar-, a;;: ■.-.:;:: ■ ::■ ; ;,■■■
^riiAiu.i. >iii. Kii; iiii: 72-iMii iti:i i.i.< i"i{
:ii:{
tiixcn ;il>n\c ami I limi a wciiiliinl niraii aiiiniiiil nl' iil)-.ir\ aiiniial niiu' Ini'
Ottawa a- \U per cent.. Nicldfia :>.". |)rr cciit, 'I'lit'-f lii;ui-(~ wuuM I"' lirttcr
illilirc-- lliall tllii-i' |ilr\i()ll>.!\- t;i\rll if we Cdulil ivi-r llirlii lldlll llir cl-l-til-i
.■aii-i'ii li\ the cifciiiii-taiHT- imtilidlii'il. Tlicii' >li<>illil ln' a pu-itiM-
(■(ii-i(cti()ii appliril Id cai'h; it -liduld lie tifi-atiT tdf Xii-idiia iliati Ottawa;
l)Ut aiiv cdri-cctidii tliat 1 tiiitilil -Ufii;(--t wcpiihl lie nicip' in tlic nature ol a
mi('.--> than dtlietwix', -d 1 >liali fefraiii I'rdin channini; I hem.
I'nciliihitKiii. riie pfeeijiiiaiidn at Nictdfia i> ediihiiecl prineipally
to the winter nidnih-. there heiny; ie» than W inclies aitoiret iter diiriii'^ tin' t'diir
-uti;tner tiidiilh-. 'I'lie foUdwinn liniires are tiaseil on '.VI \ear-' records:
I'KEC U'l TAriUN AT VICTOKIA.
IVtiriKirv
Junr.
\ i) ini
ln>
Jiilv.
(J 1 III.'
„.^
.\llKU.-l
II li
Srplrllllit r
lii •'
1 .".
■
OflolnT..
_'■.') ■'
1
NDVcnitMT
11
US
UwoiubtT. .
0-1 •
Il' curves fur the precijiitatidn iiiul cloudiness were jildtted ihey Wdiiid.
iisinir a siiitalile -cale. coincide completely exceptitii; for the months ot April.
.May and .lime, when the cloudiness is considerably in excess of thai sut!;^;esled
hy the precipitation. The total iirecipitation at Ottawa is about .') inches
iircater i)cr \('ar than :U \'ictori:i.
(hiiiiidil!/. 'rhoiiiih we sjjeak of the vicinity of Victoria as a relatively
dr\ belt, yet intense humitlity is a marked feature. The suimner months
are slifihtly less so in this respect than the winter but only slightly. .\
summary of the hysroKrapbi'' sheets* from June to Xovemlier inclusive
shows that the humidity is least about 2 o'clock in the afternoon, when it
is (is. that it rises gradually to 94 about 2 o'clock in the morninji and
<'ontimies thus until about t; a.m. when it falls .somewhat more rapidly than
it ro>e to 70 about noon. Were this district selected, it would lie necessary
to adopt some scheme to iireveiit the mirror from beinu; alTecled. but this
should not prove diffieult.
•Tina liyiirogrupli wiis 200 ftrt Iroiii oci'iin ami 20 feut above its li'vel.
:;i I
niU ICAirnV-- ity I III; DdMIMoN iiII.-.KUVAHiIIV.
S,,„i( mcniiuii li:i- '■■r.'ii iii;ulc ciiiiin- in ilii- |iuMicai inn n| the M-;iirii\
iif -uil:ilili' Mlr~ cln-r In till' ril\. ;i~ \\\r pii Miilillli -uiilliWrM wilitU carrv
ll,,. .iliolsl' nWV llll' il.Aalinll- Id llir ll.Ulll alld CM-I ni llirc:!^ It ua>
|-,.li iliai |„,--ilil\ III till m-lilaiHl ili-:iiri aliuii; ID in I.", inili- imitliucM
,,l ,1,,, ,.-,,^, nhriv tlicIT alT r|(\alliill- n! 1 -'Hll In I, .".lid t''ct. ilia! a -Itr
,.|,lil,| Ih liail I'ri'C llnl nlll\ III. Ill till' piv-cllt citv'- MllnUl lull t'ldtll allV ill
,.|Y,rt- nl' till luiiiiv .lc\rl(i| ait "I the ciiv, pall icularl\ ill ill'' i:-'i'iiii':»''
ili.lii,.,, 'I'lir (uih ilnirhi in in\ iniliil wa- a- In ulutlirr cliiiiatic c iitmii-
wciv Miiiilar tiiriv \n urathrr -latinii- wnv tlinc lirnc<' im data \\<'Vf
a\ailal>lr tVniii tin' Mctcnroloiiical iJuivau 1 |(u\r\ cr. the city -i\ \i'ars
;in;,, iImiu-IiI oI' tappiii'J. till- diMiict tni' a ualcT -apply and ivi'nnU were
t;iU,.n ,,| ii„. pr.cipitatinii at ilnvr placr- in thr di-trin Mr, l!rrd. tlir
nictidl.iln-ical a'zriil. MTiuvd thi-r tn|- inc. \'nv 7 limlitll- tla' pi ccipit at ion
p, tailed 11 iiicla- and llic \caii\ prci'i|)itat inn wotild prni.alily 1m- m tlic
iii'inlili.MirlaKiii dl' (HI inclic-, WcM ot' liciv in the iiKuiiilain- prnpcr tiic prcct-
pitatinii incfca-c- maikcdly, -n it i- pfnlial.lc that the piviapi'atii.ii diinini-hc-;
rapidlv a> wc cunic iVniii the wc-i tn the eastern cdj^c i.t' the lliiililand distnct.
(^iiite l'ivi|iiciilly diiriiiii in\ winter -tax I had nnticcd it fainitfj; over the
whdlc uc-t( III ratiiic :iiid llisj,hland diMfiiM while the Mm wa- sliininji at \'ictdfia,
;ilid 1 cdiild Iidl l.iil I'ecl that tlic pi-ecipitalidti and cdffc-pdildilltl cldu.htie-s
would lie MK'h a- Id ivndef iiiad\i>alile <clectiii!i a -itc anywhiTc in the
llitililaiid di-tfict wcM df iniaidian 1-':^ 27'. Thi- fc-tricted th.' Miitalilc area
Id the iiniiicdialc \icinity df \'ictdria and the Saanich pcnin-iila. Tlic
iicneial cliiiialic cdnditidiis dt' thi- pcnin-ula ai'i' -iinilar to that i>l' \ ictdfia.
l-uiiiii iiiioie. a- inliinatcd prc\ ioii-l\ , there arc in thi> Saanich di-trict,
elevatidn> t'l-dtn 7(M) to I.IIOH I'eet tree from the ciiv'- -moke and liiiht-. and
-uilal)le fdf an dli-er\ atory.
/,w.__\\l,(.|, \i,.|dri:i wa- -ii;:tie-tcd I had the impro-ion tluit foii niinlit
pio\c a drawlia.ck. and in cdmiiilinLi the data from tiie me!edrd|d.j:ical icp<ir
idit- I
kept "ilaticinij; at liic cdhimn of da>- on wiiich there wa- idii.
A- there
wa- nothinii to alarm one, no note wa< made df it. I do not ihmk that
thciv i- anv caii>c for imea-iiic-,- on llii.-^ -core now. l.iit a word on the -ulecct
iiiav lie ill Older. 1- roni the report-, there are on th( a\crajie alioiii 10 day.
stiiMii.i: ^111 MiR nil. 72-iNMi iti:n.i;i mii :il.'>
ii Xi'iiV III I \s liirli ittij. (ICC I II- 1 iir ( )l I :iu a I lir :i\ ciaizc i~ ci\ rii a- (i \l \ iclmia
llii'.-c ln'j.~ iiia\ lie c\|i.clci| frnin >r|itciiilii'r 111 l'cliniar\ iiiclii-i\c, llic
;ircaic-i iiunilirr ni'c'irrin^ in ilic iihuiIIi^ ni Sc|iicinlici aii'l (tcinliir ll
llicrr well- ali\ ilala Siu inti llic liciizlil In wliicli 1. n iaIcipI ii vwhiM Ik-
\aliialilc lull llicfc i~ Millie -ucli 'rin- I'aii lie >aiil llmimli. llial I wa-
iii'MT IpiiiliiTcd with fiiiis aii\ iiiulil (lurinti ciilicr si-ii. I lia\c watclicil ihciii
ill ihc ila\ liiiii' on -c\cial ncca-iiiii~ I'rnni xarimi- pnint-, iiiniiiil l>ciiinhis
TJ.'i 11 , , iniiiliil New lull I.IMIII II . iniiiiiil Walk MJI) It.', lianinl Malalial
■J.llllll II,', ami iiilicr- ami in> npininn i- llial iIh'\ milv lan 1>
rscccil :iiM) 111 .Vll) led, 'riiiTc arc liiiK- wliin ilic\ ilc c\cccil l.Olin
led Inn ilic,~r arc rare ami are in eliiiiil\ wcatlier, when nn (ili,>cr\ iny; cniilii
lie ilnm an\\\a\. No iilijediiin In the place can he lakeii liccau-c nl
'I'hc (|iie>li(iii of cailliiiuakes wa^ cinisiilcreil aKo Imi m> alarm was felt
nil ihal -cure
<;k.\i-:i! Ai, srM,\iAiiV.
!, i'niiii llic nu'lciinildjiical rcpmls n nunilicr (if lucalilies in western
Ciinada. (Iccmcil ,imi-i |in>ini>ini; a~ a siic lur the propn-eil T'-'-mch rellectinn
tclcscupe, were M'lecled where special tests of the X'ciliy; en, alii inns were to
he inaile ami cdinpareil with comlilinns ut Ottawa.
2. ( )liservatiniis were carried nil frniii .luiic to Octnlier. visits heing
made i^niii^ and cnmiiij;.
:i. ( )f the places niit-ide nf Ollawa, N'idoriu shiiwt'd up the best in
regard In the cnndilions desired ami it ainiie luul to he considered if rciiin\ al
from (tttawa were contemplated.
1. .\ return \isit to N'ictoria in Deceinl'cr was made to asciM'tain tiie
comlilinns diirinji the earl>- wiiiier which is naturall>' the poorest season.
.V The iiuinlier of clear ni>ihts at Victoria and Ottawa is ahoiit the -aim',
the latter liaviim any a(lvantafj;e there is. The transparency of the sky is in
jieiieiiii iiie >aiitf. r^inTuMie ScirrTion 01 sUi' ill \ K'Toriii ■/.o;;;;; :;:;i;vC : ;;ai
I
llf,
,, XI IMS- -'I !in; I
„,MIM-N .MIMIIV MMin
i. ■,r;icUralK 'I" -•'""
„. .nM N.l.-nv :" 'I" '^^" l''^"-""
n„. tuo n>.,-i n„|-i':"" '""'- '" ""■ '"•'"
III ;i
1 !|ir -irlllii
,; 1 ,u r-iii'T iM m'Jii iiMi|"niUUv ;>'ii
,,.,.„li„.- nl inia.'.'. -I.Mri.ni- -l .1. tnni ,. m.
••' -.-p.-'-, iin u...W,n. nuh. -H ^^^^^^^^_ ^^^^ .,, ^,„,,
, VuliMla 'I'll'- -MlllllMl M,1M'^ liih.llllnll
,,,„ 1,|.,„,- Ik.n ai nt.aua, in uiu'^'i '1"^ ■'" '
1 I,.' ililc 111 IlI'llU' iHIH'l'
.1 I .. I - nrnlr ' ' 'i' in -n an I
•■ n,, -1.1". ' "" "',"„„„,„.,.. ,„„ ,„M.-"i
— ' ,.,. „.,:u... ,.„■" 1 I _^^ , .^„„^,. ,,
■'-"■-" ;= , '■,":::;:,'::::': :....-.■.■„,,.„„■
'""'"■'" \-':iz,L^u-'^'^''---^'^ ' - '
"' '■ '"^, „ „ , a,,...:.. I .'..■ '■■' '- ' ■'
ami mcoiiMiii'iirr niiiilii '"
N'uMiiiia.
MUil \ii\
lUii' I" 1.1' K .iiim:i;\ \\'<n\^
.■■■ - ' , "\:::;r:z:::::xr^'^^-
i;„.k (.li-i..vatun. Ar.ii.il.nLlN . , ,,, „„„„ „,• \,,. 'Jtl wIhm. 1
,. \m„. n, .11111 ivnuilliril until n.ioii ol
llauiihnn ai niH.n m An-. H'.
rri iinii
,1 In \ rliina.
•'■'"■ ':;:::,:;:::, i: it:;:;i: ^ ■• '- ---■ '-
.'"■'■■"" , „ ,,, ,,,-, .,,,1 i. I..:.. I 1- ....,-..».. —1. «
UrW = 1 n...l ■"'"■'■■■1 '" "" ■'"■ . „, ,, .„,,,..,„„, „t
,-„,r,n. i.. -i.— ■ ' ' "■ :,„:.. .,.1,.......! .-
, ..., ,. .,,' r-l '"-ll inn- "' ' '" ^
„„,,„. 1, ail lin.n .■ami.il un HI IM-M. M.- ,,...,,„.„„ .nu. of th.
^,,, „„. V.,..W,.,.,l...,-va,n.v. 1, ..,...-.!„. n,.nan.>n_
,,.., .lUahU. ....> n. .1... xvorU U. ^u... r arm.
.ti,,.i- ihirini:
Mil I -111. I nil I III. 7J IM II 1(1.1 I.I.I l"l(.
317
ilir .Miii.' MiiiiiiK-r .111.1 urll ,,i. 1 'Im- uinl'T. I- i.r:icli<';ill\ mil. p. km .in. I
liir ul.,Mrv.'|> (■1.111, 1 ll|...l. :i -ur,. --1..I1 d rl. .-.r llillllt- (Imilii; lllMl 'lliir.
Ia'ss (li'iicnilciicc i- |.Im.'..I ii|..,ii ill.- \Miii.T M;i-.,n, uliii'h 1- hnwcv.r -li.ni
WIlii,. ih.i,- I I.H.k.M ..\.r ih.'ir w.;illi.r r.',-..r,U. wlih'li ;ii iliiit liin.' IklI
I,,, I |„,ii puMi-l,..!. |.:irl ..I 111.' .iii.'i I- l.'i'- -Miiiiiiari/.'.l ^iii'l m^i.v I"' "f
iuirn-: ll,.' .liiiM liu.n :.i'- i' in-.'H- I'"' 'I"' '-!• >''="" "■'""
.liiK 1-1, l^^>. t" I'..' :''l-l. I'""'
M;i\iliiuni li'lii|i.!:il III'.'
.Miiiiiiiiiiii ti'iii|Mi':iiui'.'
I);iil\ niiisii'
■rrllilirl'Mlini'
lllllllillit \
'i'l.tal pn'ci|ii!:iHi.|i \i':iil\
W in. I \i'li..'ii\
I li-Ai ii;i\ --
■[III' Inll.iwili'^ a.l.lili..iial ilriii- ;in' nl llilrrol;
llisilit'-l l.al'i'iii.'tfi'.
|.ij\\(-t liari.ini'i'r
I lii:lir~l Irinprl'aliirr.
I,(i\\(~i tiiri|)(M'aiiir('..
( ;r<'alc-t ra.inl'all in - 1 li.nii'-
I ,(i\\('.-t liiiiniiiitx
lli.zlii-t \\illil \iliii-il\- I'.'cnl'.lr.l
71 ■-• I
■.',■2 -2 \
IJ 7 I
.'.J 1
(il ■ :l prl' (•.'lit .
'J'.) '.I iliclii'-
I'J'.I lllilr- piT liiHll'.
'J I I p. r \ rar.
•jc. •'_'(;'.) iMcii<'.-<.
■_'.')• ■").") inclii's.
\)\ V
i:r 1'
t Ml) inclir-.
1 per .■(111.
S(l inilr.-< piT lli'lll'.
In (■(.nil.. II. .11 uiili till' liaiU i':mi'Zi' in iciiiln'i':'- 'in'. "Iii'-li i- ''M nMiidy
1,,„, il niii-i I'lirllici' 111' -laird lliai the VAU-r ilm.nii tlir ntwcrviiij; liour^
Ml til,, niiilii i- very low indccl. 'riicrc i> a >liai-p (Imp in 'In'
tcnpcraturc in the early lii.ur- of iln' rvcnini: and then it remain- alnio-t
c.nMant lor the re-t of the ni-ht. not over '_' or :!' dilTerence in teni|)eraiure
l.eiiifi the rule, 'riii- i- ino>t I'avoural.le and aecount- in .-onie measure for
the unii'orni >eeinji throui^hout tiie nijihi which i- eNi.erieneed on mount
llamillon.
Tlie direeloi'. Dr. ('ampl)ell. wa- aii.seiH in Miirope hut Mr. U. H.
Tucker, the acting director, and in fact every meinl^er of the statT did
:il8
HI.IiMloN- ll^■ l'll^■ DilMIMi'N (lIlSKHVATOliV.
visiliirs were ili-ini-scd. I ^pi'Ht
pi-cvi(ni>ly untrd .Diiditioiis uitli tin' 12-incli.
..v.M-vll.in- iM,~Ml,lr to UK.kr til.' lour .la>- whirl, 1 ^p.'nt lis thrir tiiU'>t
,„„h plra>:.nt an-l pn.f.taM.', Sunu'what unusual uuMraaiiu-- prcvaih.! -m
,1„. lour ni-l.t^ 1 >p.'iit llirtv. ria' M.n.n.rr had Ihti. quite out of thr
..nlinan a^ tlu- nun,l.rr of nif:l,t< of ^o..d srrin.^ had l..rn inurh n.on-
,i„ii,,d',han all ,.aM ■•.'.•(mis showed. Thr liM ni^ht. Saiurday. afrr tlu-
AJlh Pr. Aitkcii with ihr :5(l-iiirh. 1 had
The scciuii was very
un>t.'adv. Thr .vcnini: was very cold for Au-uM aiul the fo-. whi.'h had
all evnin^i lu'cn lyiu^ it. the valley, fox' and roywrd the inountaii: puttiu«
.,„ ,,,,,1 ,,, all w,Hk On Sunda> tlir weather l.e.'an.e wanner and it was
l,„,„,d ,l,a. the >teadine>s u„uld iherel.y !>.■ inipn.VMl, hut though some
•,„„,,„v,,„..n, wa- noted it wa> far ffo.n perfect, not lu'in.^ over 2 .... u
seal.' of .-.. <>>. M<'n'lay .'v.'uin.^ c.u.litions w.'.'.' a-ain note.l with thn
l'_'-in.'l. lu.th hef.ir.' an.l affr nn.lnisl.t, hut .... the seal. ..f .-. for l-eifect
>eeini:, 2 .'. w..ul.l 1..' the .naxin.u... a^-i-nahl. . The hun.i.lity ra.i f.-...'
,:, ,„,, ,,,„,. ,„ :•„-, p.T .'.■nt. .h..-inti the interval exa.nine.l. The apiMaran.'.'
„f ,he >tar inum.' i.. the Hh-indi, t., wlr.'li th.' speetn.sn.pe wa> atta.'h.'.i,
,.,„|,n,u..i ...V ..>ti.nat.. of 2-:^. On Tu.'xlay nii^ht 1 use,! th,' 12-in.'li for
a sh.,rt tin..' a.ul aft.'rwar.ls. .vi,h Dr. Aitken, th.' ^tM...'!. aiul C-lncli huder,
-riu' latter is conii.a.'al.l.' t.. th.- ('....ke t.'les.'.ip.' I u.se.l at the selecte.l sites.
■rhu> a co,npa.'is..ii of the >a.ne .M-.'i,.^i ..sin- .litT.'.vnt aii.'rtun's was ,,o>sil>le
an.l this was ..xtr.'.n.'ly helpful. S.'ve.'al doubles w.'.v exan.i.i.'.l and tli..u«li
.e,,aratirni> a- low a< ()"-2o a.v nu'asu.ahle with llie lilM.icli ..n -..o.l nights,
nothin;: i.n.l.'r mx tinu- that .liMan.r coul.l that ni«ht l.e ni.'asur.Ml. Th.-
ninlit wa.- not better than 2.
Nat.irallv it was .Usappointinji to the members ..f the staff of ttie Lick
(.h-ervatorv, as well as to my.self. that sucli unusually poor seeing .'on.litioi.s
l,ad b,.en exp..ru.n.'...l duri..^ ...y stay. N.^vrllu'l.-. fn.... a .'ompa-'iM... .,f
our estin.at.'s .,f th.' .piality of the Mrinfi on various o.'casi.ms, I think that
„ur c,mc(.i..i..n> of what co.ist.tut.'s perlect s,...inj; ar.' ,.robab!y about th.-
sa...e. a.ul, that b..in^ .. I b.'li.'s.' we liave .ites in Ca.iada wher.' seems
..un.litions, m .o far a> steadiness is concrncl. a.-e as ^.,...1 a^ th..se e.ijoyed
bv the ob-erxers .m m.)Unt Hamilton.
sriTABi,!-: sriK ton thk 72-in< ii uKKr.K* T(ih.
310
(imil llamilli'ii wliich
Tliiiv i> one charactcrisiic ol llir sccmu; on iiui
i,„,,ns>.Ml ,„<• very niu.'h aiul ilial i^ tiu' i ran>i.arcncy. I am l.ouiul t<.
,„li„it tlial it 1- siipcnnr- lo that loiin.l at any of \\\v silcs \v<\v<\ as well as
at Oitavva. 1 <'aii illusl.at.' by a ivfcn-nn' m llic well known Kn.ui. <>l'
>lar>, l!u' IMciadcs. On ii<nn[ nights at Ottawa iiim' stars arc easily s.mmi
l,v uw Willi the unaia.Ml (■>-•, 1 have ...•caM.iiially i)ickc(l up eleven hut with cdn-
>i,leral.l.' Mi-ai.nn- of the eyes. At the l.iek Ol.servatory, when the cluster
luidalH.ul tla >anie altitude, the iir>t 'Almvv was suifieieni to >how the eleven,
th,. two faintest ones >landiii^ out (luite ronspiouously. At one other
place. I'enlicton. the eleven could he seen much more r.'udily than at
Ottawa hul not nea-ly so easily as at the hick Observatory, so as rc-ards
this feature of th.' seeiu<r the sites tested show up somewhat h'ss favourable
than moiuit Hamilton.
Ap.art from this i-aniciilar investi^iatiou. my visit to mount Hamilton was
l„,lpr„l I,, me hi oth.T respect> and 1 wish h.'re to recor.l tny appreciation
(if the iiianv kiudnesses shown me while there.
l>U(IT(KUi.\l'HS (IK .VOUTHKH" .■^K^ .\T VI( rilHI.V.
Ourin^ the occasion of my last visit to Victoria it was arranged to
have photographs made of the northern heavens hy .simi-ly exposing a
.•am.'ra to the sky for a number of houis each ni-ht. The work has been
ve,-y carefully done hy Mr. ,)ame> I'earce. an<l we thus have records of the
nisht sky fr.im necemher, l'.)i:;, to the end of -May. l'.'!.",. when the work
was discontimied.
j-,,!- the year l'.)ll. which in the matter of brif^ht sunshine is about
normal, an inspection shows tiie following; ■
Number of nights perfectly clear 70
Number of nights clear (less than 20 per cent, clouded).... V.i
Number of nights jiartly clear (broken sky) -^^
N.imber of nigh..s perfectly clear at start 21
A20
ITliLirMloNS CK THK DOMINION OBSKHVATOKY,
,,,,„,,,,,lv ,,„ all Mn-v UV2 i.i^i.ts, ^un■k wnul.l I..' altcmpt..! ut Ira^t. At
,„„,, .lurin. ih.. .un.. vrar. whi.h ua. a.ay al.uv.. nunnal tor ol-.TVU,,
we startcil uork on 1^1 niiiiil--
at Vicloria i- niiu-li MipiTior t" •
iniiii-ovcnicni in ilif (Hiaiitity.
•n,,!- wliilf the Mualiiy ol liir >» 'niii
(tiawa we caiu'ot hoiu- for very luucli
Dominion < )u>i.uv.\ioi{v,
OllAW \,
JUIU'. I'.tl.").