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ARCHER G, WATSON, Manager, Toronto V/illard Tract Depository, Corner Yonge and Temperance Sts., TORONTO. I J t t SGRIPTUIIAL TRUTH AND PROTESTANT PRACTICE, I. — ORIENTALIZATION OF CHURCHES. The continuing of this Pagan custom, which was gradually becoming obsolete, was one of the first things inculcated by the notorious Cambridge Camden Society, more than half a century ago. While other public buildings are placed with their fronts on the streets, too many churches when on streets running east and west, are built with om side on the street, the main entrance being thus on the west, with the Holy Table opposite that en- trance, i\i\is forcing the people to face the east, a .vomish cus- tom derived from the Pagans, who worshipped the sun in the east. The Temple, on the contrary, fronted the east, and Ezekiel, 600 years b. c, says of an abomination, "and behold at the door of the Temple of the Lord, . . . were about five and twenty men, with their backs towards the Temple of the Lord, and their faces toward the east ; and they worshipped the sun toward the east." The Romanists generally give as a reason, that our Saviour was born in the east. He was not born in that quarter, however, but rather in the west, for it was not to England or America that the star was 'made manifest, but to the wise men of and in the east, who journeyed west- wards, or south-westwards, towards Bethlehem, which is to the east of one quarter of the world only ! ss^Oh-I About the year 1845, '^<=,,rX^^,;:S the writer !n architectural review called 'l^^^f f tl'fCforming of our which labored hard to brmg about the ^°" °'" ^^^urch churches to *e Fe-Reforn,at.on typ b ery^^ ^.^^ ^^^.^ 2, — SIDEWARD DESKS. ThP<,P were again brought into more general use by the PuTe';itL::horiared "^:^,^^:i:^^X'^'r^^ become sufficiently ^""/'"""^f '° ^'.^^fep? and not object side, they would be «»^>' ^""^ *f,Xm \hey gave as a Omnipresent! Archbishop Grindall-s ^^^"'V^'r "chuTcr whS th'e decent low pulpit in the body of *e church w minister shall stand mth Jm /"/^ p'^"^~':^',4^ always, tt^fe^KuTch^s'^ar^Jrsrir^^^^^^^^^^ -^--rerdti^sr^e-s^^^^ /a«/<;K/«?-& be there provided. - Proving evidently that it was intended to prevent the Se^^ral years ^go a clergyman co^pU^^^^^^^ .?rr?arifhX^heran%tVcingtl^echo. in the (( chancel, preparatory to weeding out the females and putting the men into surplices, and cutting down pulpits and read"^ ing desks and making them stand sentry at the corners of the chancel to show or guard the Communion Tabic." 3. — FONT PLACED NEAR THE DOOR INSTEAD OF NEAR THE PULPIT. Agreeing with the doctrine of Baptismal Regeneration, that Baptism is the door of entrance into Christ's Church- but is not the true qualification of young children that already " of such is the kingdom of heaven ?" The ordinance has no power to regenerate man's sinful nature, nor does regeneration necessarily accompany its administration. A Roman Catholic Priest, however, told his hearers that hell was paved with the skulls of unbaptized infants ! The horrible rubric forbidding the performance of the Burial Service ever the unbaptized, was for the first time introduced into our P. B. m what Dean Stanley called " the disastrous epoch of 1662, . . , . till then it had been per- mitted, and (the rubric) biill through the influence of the Southern Convocation maintains its place." This was the epoch when Charles the Second was king, and his equally immoral Archbishop Sheldon (who generally spoke of religion as a matter of policy and an engine of government) and his clique revised the P. B. If these unbaptized infants are fit for heaven, why are the words of the Burial Service too sacred to be used over their remains ? Thank God these little ones will fall into different hands in the next world than those of the revisors 4. — BOWING IN THE CREED. A Romish custom of the thirteenth century, it having been first prescribed by Pope Gregory X., who died in e 1276. It was dropped at the Reformation, but revived by the High Church party, and the Puritans, so-cailed because they desired the pure word of the Gospel free from tradition, or original Low Churchmen charged Archbishop Bancroft, who presided over the Convocation of 1603, as well as over the Translators of the Authorized Version in 1611, with fortifying his case by a false translation of the Bible to make it agree with the By-law or Canon of the Convocation in favor of bowing. In the Bible previously used (Cranmer's) as well as in Wycliffe's and Tyndale's, and even in the Douay Bible, the Greek word ^;z in Philippians ii. 10, is translated "in" — in the name of Jesus — signifying that we should offer up our prayers in His name. Bancroft, however, altered it to " at," and a few years later, with Laud's knowledge, as he confessed upon his trial, it was altered in the P. B. Epistle for the Sunday next before Easter, from " in the Name " to " at the Name." In the Revised Version it is correctly translated *' in." The "English Inquisition" persecuted the Puritans for refusing to bow in the creed. Among others, White- locke. Recorder of Abingdon, and son of the Chief Justice, was brought before the Privy Council and fined. Little did his judges think that ere many years were passed their prisoner would preside at that very Council. In 1664, Archbishop Sheldon contrived to get the Canon on Bowing made a Law of the Realm, and the penalty was fines and imprisonment for the first and second offence, and for the third time a fine of ;£ioo, and transportation to the Colonies. i This bowing had become nearly obsolete but has been revived again. In 1853, Dean Close spoke of ^^new- fangled boiuings, turnings, curtseyings^ and surpliced proces- sions,'' and the Leek (Eng.) limes recently (1889) publish- ed a list showing how Ritualism has gradually progressed in their Parish Church during the past forty years. It commenced:— (i) "Holy Table called 'Altar.' (2) Sur- plice in the Pulpit. (3) Boiving at the name of Jesus'' and a little lower down " Children in day and Sunday schools taught to bow and cross thembelves.'' A lady born in Dublin, who settled in Toronto more than a quarter of a century ago, tolrl the writer that she had never bowed in the Creed in Ireland, but when she came here she was informed there was a Canon in the Canadian Church making the practice obligatory, and therefore considered it her duty to do so. She was sur- prised to learn she had been misinformed. It was condemned as a superstitious practice by the Italian Reformer, Zanchi, who died in 1590, and strange to say, even that extreme High Churchman, Dr. Maclagan, Bishop of Lichfield, fears it is becoming too much of a formality, for in a late pastoral he styled it the " mechanical jerking of the head," and yet how many Evangelicals are afraid to hold up their heads for fear of appearing singular. How will they act if the proposed New Code of Canons is ever carried out? They were agreed upon by the two Committees of the Provincial Convocation of Canterbury and York about fifteen years ago, but are still in abeyance. One of them (No. 61), recommends bowing the head at ev€ry mention of the Name of the Lord Jesus ! new- 5. — SURPLICE IN THE PULPIT. Ritualists condemn the Academical Gown because it is the time-honored Reformation preaching dress in England and the European Continent, and that of our martyred Re- formers v/hom they despise, and consider on the contrary that the surplice marks the sacrificing priest, but there are no priests in our Church, that word in the P. B. being only a contraction of preslniteros or presbyter, as is proved by the standard P. B., t. e., the Latin sealed book where a I Romish sacerdos (priest) is condemned and prtobyters are not called Sacerdotum but PresbyUrorum^ In the New Testament the Greek word hiereus is uni- formly applied to a priest of the Old Testament but never in a single instance is it applied to a minister of the New Testament. In the second P. B, of King Edward, the word minister alone was used, but it was changed in many places to priest in Laud's time, and by Archbishop Sheldon. 6. — SURPLICED CHOIR. By donning the surplice the men and boys (if only they can sing) become at once Assistants to the Priest- hood^ and as such a superior caste, with the right to si in the chancel, and in some churches they even admin- ister the Communion to them before it is given to the humble laity. In the P. B. of 1552, the Rubric was "Then shall the Minister first receive .... and then proceed to deliver the same to the other Ministers {that they may help the chief Minister) " — showing that no exaltation of the clergy was intended. Surpliced Choirs are a remnant of that particular cultus according to which a woman is an imperfect human being and therefore inadmissible ; but the chief objection to them is that it is opposed to cotigregaiional worship, and is a direct step towards forcing the members of the congregation to be present as spectators during those portions of Divine Service which the Reformers were so anxious that the en- tire congregation should be personally engaged in. In selecting a choir which is most important, good voices and good ears, or clean hands and contrite hearts ? 7. — PAINTED WINDOWS There is not a single passage in the New Testament which warrants the use among Christians of paintings or ters are ' IS uni- ut never the New minister \.o priest (if only ' Priest- ht to si admin- to the mil the deliver help tfu e clergy r cultus 1 being to them a, direct tion to Divine the en- in. In :es and f images, and in the Injunctions of 1559 it is ordered, "To take away, utterly extinct and destroy all pictures, paintings .... in walls, glass windows or elsewhere . ." Laud was the first who in the days of Charles the First, introduced images into the churches of the Reformation, and in our day we see an unhappy revival originated by the Ritualists who understood the necessity of darkening the churches and especially the chancels, to make the light of the candles more effective. One of the principal charges against Laud at his trial in 1644, was " Painted windows in the chapel at Lambeth." One of these windows represented God the Father rain- ing down manna from heaven, and another represented God giving the Law to Moses. 8.— CHANTING AMENS. St. Paul says, " How shall he that occupieth the place of the unlearned say the Amen at thy giving of thanks ? " Why, as sometimes happens in Evangelical churches where the minister says Amen in our own language, should the choir master be allowed to lead off the congregation with a loud Romish Ah-men ? 9. — INTONING. If proper or necessary in churches why not elsewhere ? Why should not an M. P. intone " If you please Mr. Spea-ker will you be kind enough to grant the pray-er of my pe-tit-ion ? " Intoning is not the way people would pray when the circumstances about them were unusually solemn. If during Divine Service on one of our large steamers they should be praying in this unnatural way, and were suddenly told that the ship had sprung a leak and they would be all in eternity in a few moments, would they continue their intoning and monotoning then ? St. James draws a distinction, *' Is any among you suffering? Let >tament tings or td hhn pray. Is any cheerful? Let him swg praise. Does the reader sing his prayers in his private devotion ? IC— PROCESSION OF CHOIR AND CLERGY. Processions were abolished at the Reformation. In the Koyal Injunctions ot 1547, appear "They shall not from henceforth, in any Parish Church, at any time, use any procession about the Church or Church-yard." Bishop Horsley, said, "Our Church when she separated irom the Roman Communion, wisely retrenched the pomp and gaiety of shows and processions Public wor- ship should be simple without meanness, dignified without ^^ Sidney Smith (a Canon of St. Paul's), called Puseyism A system of posture and imposture, of circumflexion and genuflexion, of bowings to the east and curtseyings to the foderi^'^'^ «"y amount of man-millinery and other tom- II. — PROCESSIONAL HYMN. ( Ftde preceding article). 12.— SERVICES PARTLY CHORAL. Now-a-days men, women, boys and girls— ** To Church repair, Not for the doctrine, but the music there." • It is the love of music more than the love of God which leads people to have and to patronize choral services but the nearer we approach an ornate Cathedral service the farther we depart from the simplicity of the Gospel. (Vide No. 23) IX 13- — LONGER ROUTE FOR PROCESSION. {Vide 1^0. lo). 14 — CROSSES FOR PERSONAL ORNAMENT, ON COVERS OF BIBLES AND PRAYER BOOKS, IN CEMETERIES AND CHURCHES. " Now a gilt cross on Dora's prayer-book shines, As toward the Church her solemn step inclines, Now from her neck it dangles in the dance As if thereby she heavenward claimed advance." It is not by the cross that we are saved, but by our most blessed Lord Himself, who died for us on that accursed Roman gallows. «* Not to Thy cross but to Thyself My Living Saviour would I cling, 'Twas Thou and not Thy cross dids't bear, My soul's deep guilt, sin's deadly sting." There are some who say the cross was consecrated by our Lord's dying upon it, but twenty-five years after that death it was not yet consecrated ; for in the year 58, St. Paul, who gloried in the doctrine called the instrument itself the emblem of the curse. Are we wiser than St. Paul? The cross is soon followed by the crucifix. The Roman soldiers stripped Christ in scorn and contempt, and what are they who still love to portray our Perfect God as a naked man when St, John (Rev. i. 13), describes Him as clothed in a gart7ient down to the foci 'I The Roman Catholic doctrine of "reserve," that is the keeping back part of an innovation at first, in order more surely to advance the whole at the end, was advocated in the British Critic for Jan. 1842, an organ of the Puseyites, in the following words:—" Reserve teaches us to prefer the cross to the crucifix as an emblem, and as a general rule to diseuise the cross with such conventional shapes, and such decorations as to render it a meie ornament to the careless and unfriendly observer, but a cross still to one who so re- gards it." The cross originated in Babylon as the T itau) or sign of Tammuz the Sun God, mentioned in Ezekiel, and when the early church found the Pagans would not give it up, they adopted it and called it the cross of Chiist, to draw the Pagans into the church by making them think there was but little difference between the two religions. It is some- times surrounded by a circle which is the circle of the sun and by lilies, the flower sacred to Isis, and now in the Roman Catholic Church to the Virgin Mary, who replaced that goddess, and by trefoils emblems of a Pagan triad ages before the death of our Lord. There is still standing at Callernish in the Lewis, Scot- land, a Druidical temple, 38c feet long, in the shape of a cross with the circle, exactly similar to what is now called an lona cross. The cross is moreover a likeness for the use of religion and therefore contrary to the second commandment which IS generally left out of Roman Catholic Books of Devotion. "We bless Thee, Lord, for dying on the cross, And slaying death with overwhelming love, For rising from the grave unhurt by loss. And pleading at the Throne of God above ! But, God forbid that we should bless the cross The cruel instrument that tortured Thee ! ' Oh ! keep our souls from ignorance so gross, And from all mental darkness set us free.'* — IV. L. Pope, D.D. Can anything be plainer than our most blessed Lord's own words "God is a Spirit : and they that worship Him must worship Him in spirit and in truth." In ^vmxx—not m an Emblem! 13 15— FLORAL DECORATIONS. of Jupiter offered flowers to them ? 1 6.— HARVEST FESTIVALS. A remarkable Ger^nan letter>st^ puMishe^ W^ in the Union Hevuw for mi jnum^es ^^^ among the other agencies fo ..^^^^ "f . ^e p^^p ^^^^ .' CathoUc Practice, f^^'"? ; , ' ^^g to be decorated musical one ; the village fj^^'t^J^^T Hely Smith, said. with ^o-%^f^,^^''JZl''T^^Za to kno'w .hat these " It IS well for the Pf°P'^^?' „,/popular services were in- ffi:ffiret?eq?r^o7e Vaccustotning them to the ornate ritual of Rome. ^ -D- i^.r. "Rvle said " God's House is not meant to be a„thSnK:^rs, corn^fnii. e-Sre--n'' ^^^n unto three are gathered ioIm,. '''° '"'^' "^^^ere two or the midst of them.'' '" ""^ """"' *"^ ™ ^ '" «/bo^d;:'''^y. ?bt irmrbio^s^.''^'\r[^.^,,r ' - ^^is is myself. Th^f my flth^rT"' ' '"^ ^'"''^^-" *'= " 1 8.— RECESSIONAL HYMN. an^th^f ViliV) u'^^;^" ^hen processions were abnli.bed . .n.iudwu uom entering and receding, * and this i, but a emorial" riesthood f Mints- rcferred remains lothing, irit that SX and -.^, hanged | 1 Acts, e com- ng," or d feast 3s, and wine, \ orthily id car- tiritu- iys, as I unto M vo or 1 his is ■ -ader 1 This 1 lis /^ 1 hed, 19.— FLOWERS ON COMMUNION TABLE. In 1849, the late Dr. Phillpots, Bishop of Exeter, a High Churchmak of the old school, was announced J^officia^^^ in one of the churches in Torquay. As he ent^jea me chancel he noticed two flower pots on the Holy l^ble^ Without a moment of hesitation, and without even calling or the Sexton to remove them, he ^^ized them and dashed hem on the floor in the corner of ^^e cnancel. The minister who had put them there was named Smith, and^he was afterwards known as "Hower-pot Smith. ^n^e No. 15.) 20. PROCESSIONAL BANNERS. Which generally bear crosses or pictures of the Jirgin and SaTnts, thus paving the way for an tdolatro^s in place of a Scriptural service. The term " Saint " has be en much abused In the pr^^^ Testament. Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, Paul ana Peter are not called Saints, and the American Committee delr/edTorave that title struck out of th^ Re^-d Versi^ but the English Committee refused. ( (^tde No, 10.; 21. — CHURCHY SERMONS. Too many of the so-called -priests" take advanta^ of their position in a place where they can preach heresy without fear of con radiction, which is " brawling m the ChurchV '^^^^^ has^ot in Mr case b.en inaptly styled '' The throne of the coward." When at the close of a sermon, the congregation arise for the ascription of praise, it is intended as an act 01 reverence to God. When there is no ascription of praise it is wrong to arise for it is ttien an act of reverence to the clergy, who as faithful ministers ot God should be treated with alt due resUcU but not with the reverence due to God only. i6 22.— APOSTOLICAL SUCCESSION. Every scholar has long given up as a mere piece of patristic Ignorance, the pretence that the Apostles were the prototypes of the bishops; for the Apostolate celsed onthe day that St. John died at fiphesus, and bishops are not of Divine origin, as many are taught to believe Bi.hon In'd" elderr"""' ^"' '^^V were tfe same 'aTpresl^'S Our bishops derive their succession from the Church of LSanta'tl'"' .^^•^'^S"^"^ ">e Popes, the so- Sued i^iDerian Catalogue, is now believed to be a sixth cenfnrv production ! Even the Roman Archbishop GenebrS says that for nearly one hundred and fifty years about fiftv ^2" zzTaT't ''"':."^" Aposties'(i«;;L^ .uaw apostolia). During this time there were two somp times more popes, one in Rome and one inTvignon e"ch of whom excommunicated the other, a d to tWs dav no "ere'tr'a^t noneT'h t ""^"f '^^ P°P- and'^l'ch ^ll^l^^tS^ti^^.'^,:' our own bishops were fiffv'i? 2T'' 9"''r'"-^y for July 1884, shows there are fifty-eight flaw., m the Papal Succession and huge gans of many years. Could an illegal pope make legal b^fsh^p*^? °^ thJsu'ces"iol°^'and'[r°"' '"'""f illegitimacy destroys ii.e succession— and there is no remedy ! The same tJu ^nhlt'^\'°-'''''^ :^P°^'°'''^^1 Su'ccession a^d how bishoDs and t° '""' "'^''"l'^ ^y ^P°='^'^ °' illegitimate Disnops and their successors be legitimate ? There is nnt a b,shop who can f.,,, his uninterrupted descent no from St. Peter, for that is a fable, but from the early church th/Rtrc&,titt-:f^^^^^^^^^^^^ 17 The words ^.bytHe^posi.^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^ and how also that from I439 to 1662 ! ! • 23— CHORAL SERVICES. Anything in ecclesiastical music ..^^^^^^^ «„ «//,W//.«, or of a musical concert n w"'^ V ^ ^„ 'e^^-S'^hicrcrb^^na ^i -med choristers should be excluded. U is -etimes said that ^^^^T^^l^t^^^^.r^ St;rth?mToweveTS^^^^^^^ Places where they ='"g ^"l/^'^"^? He itkewise in t ''^;tr"p:rKame°nt'de'Sned"?^at inost profligate and prayer for f arliamem oe g _ ^^^ gracious and S«^t? ^v?ntr k?ng himself and his courtiers jested about it. As we saw lately in a newspaper "A hired godless ^^^T^^^ sra^^rursr g. AehaTm the devil could in reason wish any congregation. Choral Services were P"t of the plan of the Ritualist^ Campaign. A writer in the Church Times of Marcn 30 5, =,»« "choral service, so far as psalms and canticles ire 'concJ^ned, on some week-day evening, wai f ^« Pefle to like a more or late worship, and that which began as an occasional luxury will be felt to be a regular want. ( Vide No. 12 and 42.) 24.— OFFERTORY BAGS. One of the so-called trifles, but the old proverb says "Many drops of water will sink a ship. i8 25.— DEDICATION FESTIVALS. Which like many other ^h^r^^ / . ceremonies only Ldto.heF^rT''^''^''^'^^^ HOOD, by leading the innocent h'-f^K'','^^ ™^ ^^^^^t- can be done without "h;?nfl^ '?■ ^'^''^" '^^' "^^hing "Pnest." This h^TLsLrlf ''''''''' ^^ '^^ ^^-^alled ing incident is Cn,^^::^^^^^^ every pass- 26.-EARLY COMMUNION ENCOURAGED (Vide Nos. 17 and 38.) 27. — REREDOS. ^^^'&'^^^^^^^^^ ^f le is a^... .,,., the ordinary sense of the ZlT^ '' f '"^^ ^^ a table in (/^/^^No. 29.) ^^^ ^°'^' °" ^egs and /^m^^^,. 28.- -CHANTING NICENE CREED. K.||fra %^-::-, vrs^T^ ^- ii. p. B. It IS to be read. ^ Canadian 29 -SUBST,TUT,OK or "AtTAR" KOR TABLE. The word "altar" is not in th^ P p o j one altar in ;he whole wo Id and fh.f\ ^°^ °"^^'^^ ^ut people or even Moses desired htf ? '^ ,5°' "''^"^ '^e should choose. Moreotr T. ' ''"' ^^^'^ He Himself if of stcne it was not to be ^de'Vf^ ' '""^' °' '"'^' °' not to be approached by sL"s! "°"''' ^"'^ ™= reptid' Jf^Sinlb-efr;''"^ "^'^ removed and upa^nrri\-H S^^^^ "^ox altars... Thrat^?:.?^ r^tTt^t^W M -1 1 the c 1 ward .*: nott 1 also 1 the 1 'hristian) Priest- nothing so-called sry pass- ■ altar^ :able in oveable. English ladian i but re the ^SELF th, or I was and )od." hem ople d of 19 "^»,Wewte as they were previously, railed ther. in, arid ^o t rXed rich?l.ar c Jhs, copes, credence tables and the like. T Q.ft Mpr Maiestv's Privy Council decided that the should be regarded as an altar. The table in Toronto Cathedral in the late Dean Grasett's time, was on castors. The rubric says that at (^T^ itZ X i^'.'he r ^^o^^^br^i^t^d^^^^^^^^^^ £ rbthf 4,^t table, and iriaking it look hke an ?^« ?. ^^f ^."riately in rin^'^r'^tS^w^-a^r uUrt^ t^le. 30,— SPECIAL SANCTITY OF CHANCEL. Implying that it js Hol|^ ^roun^ ^ Zs^Z^'l X if true believers are all priests (Rev. .. 6). There never was but one Holy of Holies but when the Jels fell tnto idolatry the Shekinah or glory-cloud wa. withdrawn forever. When we took over the Romish Churches, the ".artyred that the clergy are a priestly caste sepaidicu ; 20 from the people of God, Unfortunately this was not done. 1 he choirs were however brought out of the chancels, (ex- back rL !"' ^^^^'^'^'^)~but now we are putting (hem Some contend that because the Holy Communion is ad- mmistered m the chancel it thereby becomes more holy than the rest of the building, but by the same rule those who have family prayers in their dining-room might claim mat therefore that room was more sacred than the others, or that a bedroom where the Lord's Supper had been ad- bldroo ^° ^ ^^^^ ^^^^°" ^^^ ^^^°^^ ^°^^ ^'^-'^ '^^ ^^^^"^ 31. — DATING LETTERS FROM FESTIVALS. nreTent A^frJ^'^. ^\""^'"- ''J'^^P °^ 'I'"^^' ^'^"^^^ to the Tnhn p o i'^'uu?^^ '^""^'^^"^ ^ ^^"er f^om his neighbor. ^^ T ^' p-/^chbishop of Tuam, dated on the - pfast o St. Jarlath." Lord P. replied on the ist of July, nad dated his letter "Anniversary of the Battle of the P. ine/' 32.— CROSS ON SO-CALLED ''aLIA^ '' Pronounced illegal by the Kcclesiastical Courts. The book of Common Prayer of the Church of Ireland contains the following Canon :-- ^reiand, nr^\I^r^ '^''" ''''^ ^^ ^"y ^''°^^' ornamental or otherwise on the Comnriunion Table, or on the covering thereof n^ shall a cross be erected or depicted on the la 11 or oihe structure behind the Communion Table in any of he Irdand!^' T^^^J No. ^.^f ^^ ^'''''' '''''' ^^^^^ ^^ 33— LENT— SOMBRE CLOTHING IN LENT. In the New Testament not a single Stated Fast is Dre pTSrad\T''"^^'°"V^J^^^^^^ peatedly made to prayer and thanksgiving. ot done, els, (ex- ig them m is ad- re holy 2 those t claim others, een ad- e other ; to the :ighbor, ''east of i dated reland, srw^'^e, other of the rch of IS pre- 5 is re- ft Both Dean Alford and Ti-^endorf showed tbaU^^^^^^^^ " fasting " was an interpolation in the New I estamem in fnnr T Taces and the Revised Version confirms it, and it ^i^.nhtPdlv the cvnning work of those who desired ThaTeXtalU^ fof fasting, against marrying m Lent, etc. The Tewish religion was a religion of ceremony. Ours is lot iud when o'ur Lord upbraided *« Jews for not kep- ing their fast, He taught very p^m y that He "J d^-;,^P„ Drove of ceremonial fasting, wnen nc " ,. , „ ?le was taken away His disciples 7°"'^ fas , d d He rnean that thev would keep a ceremonial fast, or that "ke L-avia, ley would be so overcome with sorrow that they would not care to eat ? " My heart is smitten and withered :ike grass ; so that 1 forget to eat my bread." If the former was the case, when did the disciples keep that ceremonial fast? When our Prayer Book was compiled the Epistles and nn^ that particular occasion only I Was not our most blessed Lord's forty days fast part oi 22 His temptation, for it was only after He was weak with fasting that Satan made proposals to Him ? No stress what- ever IS laid upon it in the New Testament ; in fact Mark E fsUef ^^^^ "mention it, and it is entirely ignored in the It is often called a miraculous fast, but where was the miracle ? We are not told that our most blessed Lord did neither eat nor drink, as in Esther's case, but only that He fasted or restricted Himself to a very plain diet, perhaps bread, or even berries and roots and water only, and after forty days of such a diet He naturally hungered terribly. Paul lived more than thirty years after our Lord's death and wrote fourteen epistles, in not one of which does he recommend fasting. Christ fasted fort, days once only. If He had meant to lay down a law for an anniversary fast why did He not fast repeatedly? If we are following His example why do we fast repeatedly when He only did it once ? What Paul said was, " In everything by prayer and nZ rnn"' 'f^' ^^^--ksgivin,, let your requests^ be made unto GOD. In everything—hMi not one word about fast- mg . Lent originally had no connection with the forty davs in the desert. It was first established by a Pope about A.D 130, asalithe of the year, or thirty-six days only. This lent of th,rty-s,x days lasted for some centuries. It is not certain when the remaining four days were added. Some authorities say in 487, while others place it as late as the time of Pope Gregory II., who died in 731. ^ The additional four days were not recognized in Scot- land however until the end of the eleventh cemury, and five centuries latei the Presbyterians abolished it eJiJ^ ?5l» eak with ^ess what- fact Mark ^d in the was the Lord did ' that He , perhaps and after ^rribly. 's death, does he 3 meant He not why do yer and e made 3Ut fast- days in at A.D. This ; is not Some as the n Scot- y, and irely. It In plain English Lent was ^ f u-^;--^"^ a nd'to principally to enable the V^'^f'J°J^T l^„, in the his day dispensations can be obtained f" ^^ ^^^.^ Roman Church, to eat meat on fa >ng dayj, ^ ^^^ who break the Church laws are obliged to confessional, and are mulcted accordingly. ^Tt is only since the leaven of Popery began to work in our church, lithin the last half century, that some of our clergy have annually, on the arrival of Lent, issu a r^ 'stn' ^Tht Sg thrp^opleTothe'^e tht shoull rnrtrthJ^^Te&VobseU^^^^^^ than during the other months f ">^ y^"-^„^e of Lent in ced it, and would not observe it. Let a man lead a careless, worldly life for S^S fj*' ^^ l^e^^wS^he bl ^^^1^^ mencing often with the display of new bonnets and the like, firmly believing tht old proverb : " At Easter let your clothes be new, Or else be sure you will it rue. St Pau^ did not say pray more at one season than another, but what he did' say was '' Pray without ceasmg. There are some^good I^-t-tants who t^^^^^^^ nhhBed to eat fish, the Government feared the demand 24 would decrease, and the fisheries, that nursery for seamen would dechne, and this law was passed in 1,70 " t? re' duce the h,gh pr,ce of meat," and '' to maintai ^t'he mari- ners and navy m this land by setting men a-fishing " It is worthy of note that the Jews had only one divinely appomted stated fast. This was the great day of Exnt tion appointed by the law of Moses, fnd it was a fasfof one day only All their other (asts were nat ona! ones an pomted at different times by the authority of the s°ate There are no less than fifty-six hymns for Lent in the ?JT" ,.^°"'Pf '""• ^^" E'*°P Bickersteth find one stngU authority for this church fast in the New Testament? 34,— CHANCEL CALLED "SANCTUARY." (F/^n'-— nr-" -Xit \ ^^ _^^^on Mozley in his K..m..,....nc.o, lefcrring to a trip of Newman (now 25 ,. IN A Trrniiflf» in the Mediterranean in 1832, says: Cardinal) and Froude in tne i ^^^.^ ^^^^. .Te\^;adrsKir ^^a'jsTow^^sT.e east, that is to Jerusalem and not to Rome. could madness go further ? Had they beer^in the Per- sian Gulf on *';,f J=;,,f \°\L L 1?I have seenVks have prayed to the east!' in I c , i a^d by signs, or and Arabs go to he man ,?' *« f f ' ^^j?^;, J^ion^, when perhaps the word Me'X^';^ "^^^^ ^J and I often they would kneel dw° „ sailor, whom they wondered that we/ '™';^.^, fg^.i^g that he might give considered an mfidel, ^"»°"y f' ^ I, .ayers would be '^d'^ Th'^f r;p"or"Mrmtdan'siNewman and Cde^duI^eVEnllLmen-butaU seemed to h^^^^ XJV^^^^ |^i\'s if t>?ere was a Cth or South, East or West, m Heaven ! Now-a-days however the idea of '""["f.f c— In r rt:^^ sSeS^t:^f t teir Jast-when they recite the articles of their faith. 38.— FASTING COMMUNION. Which is advocated on the horrible degraded Rom^h notion of the «./««//'■«.«« ^a«^'^*^J^ '"Jy^^, ,;,,; and that it will meet with ?*« f °f 'f";'^" ^;,„, ./J, „„mi Holy One to see corruption.' 26 If fasting is only a natural and reverent instinct as some say, is it not strange that the original institution of the supper was after a meal. Vide No. 17. 39. — SEPARATION OF THE SEXILS. This was a custom of the early church, which may pro- bably have been derived from the usages of Jewish worship, or it may be simply a feature of Oriental life and manners when females were kept in greater seclusion than in the West, but why revive such a custom now ? 40. — CROSSING AT ENDS OF CREEDS. (F/^^No. 14.) 41.— CANDLES ON SO-CALLED " ALTAR." But unlighted preparatory of course to lighting them. Vide^Q. 51. 42. — EXCESSIVE MUSIC. Canon Bell says ** The singing of our hymns should ..ot be the performance of a choir but the worship and praise of the congregation. And few abuses in public worship can be more painful to a heart longing to join in the service of God, than that of a whole assembly of professed wor- shippers remaining silent, while a choir performs for their pleasure ... Is not the choir too often made a musical stage for the display of the performers, and the House of God turned into a place of entertainment ? There is no greater danger incident to an elaborate Ritual, than that of mistaking emotion for religious feeling. The music of soft voices, the pealing tones of the organ, the fragrance of in- cense, the rich light streaming in through the painted win- dows . . . may thrill the soul with delight and melt it into tenderness ; and those easily excited emotions may be mis- taken for religion. The most careless and godless may be moved to tears by the pathos of sweet music, or be held breathless by the touc! ling spell of eloquent words. Xt is possible to be sentimental without being pious. 27 And it has cojne to pass that many cannot -nfess them- -'-I o^^^^efn^^usir-k Jes too wi^ the choir-mas- trmarling tf-e'uke Ihe leader of an orchestra. 42- PROCESSIONAL CROSS. Vide No. lo and 14- 44 .-KNEELING IN CREEDS. ,,e rubric says the c.edssha^^^^^^^ ^^^s^ Canadian, and the American R. 1^. ira>er ^^ ^^^- 45.— COLORED STOLES. Pronounced illegal by the English Law Courts. 46 —NO PRAYER BEFORE SERMON. in God's name. 47.- ENCOURAGEMENT OF GUILDS. Guilds, as the historian ^adox tdls us were aboHsh^^^^ at ,he R'^fo'^ation -because of thur inhere J ^^^ ''°"-" ^'''' ir* an ' T ; Ref^fmaLrtept'them out ropery bo.rowedthem^ the K j^^.^nt for more of the church ; and now, altei lyi si , j^^ jmo than three hundred years they are again gaiva existence. 48.-CO,,ORED SO-CAU-M " ALTA. " CLOTHS. Laud commenced to introduce these. As the "Altar " is illegal it follows ihcy are Jso. 28 49* — SISTERHOODS. Deaconesses were a recognized order in the Apostolic times. They were not to be admitted until sixty years of age, although later, forty years was allowed in some cases. They continued to exist until the fourth or fifth century, when they ceased to bear order in the Church, and vanish- ed mto the cloisters. This is the origin of sisterhoods. The secrets of Nunneries have often been disclosed. As early as the fourteenth century, " The Revelations of St. Bridget" appeared, and these "Revelations" were subse- quently recognized by the councils of Constance and Basil and by three popes. Describing the convents Bridget writes :— '* The doors through which the sisters are pleased to afford an entrance to clergymen and laymen, are open even at night . . . ." And Clemangis, a Romish doctor of divinity in Paris, about the same time, when pleading for a Reformation, describes the sisterhoods of his day, in words which are too gross for quotation, and Bishop Ryle says, the discoveries made by Henry VIII's Commissioners, of the " goings on in many of the so-called religious houses, were such as it is impossible to describe. Anything less ** holy " than the practice of many of these *'holy" men and women in their professedly "holy" retreats from sin and the world, the imagination cannot conceive." Even in the present century, Roscoe in his life of the re- forming Italian Bis' op de Ricci, shows nunneries had not improved. In a French history '• Vie de Scipion de Ricci eveque de Ptstoia et Prato^' published at Brussels in 1826, details are given which an English publisher would not dare to print, and this of nunneries filled with the noblest ladies of the land, who had in many cases to prove their sixteen quarterings of nobility. And yet how many Protestants send their daughters to convent schools, where it has been proved times without number, that notwithstanding all promises to the contrary, Apostolic y years of >me cases. ti century, id vanish- loods. Dsed. As Dns of St. ere subse- and Basil 3 Bridget •e pleased are open L Romish ne, when ods of his tion, and ry VIII's so-called describe. Y of these '" retreats :onceive." of the re- 5 had not de Ricci in 1826, . not dare est ladies ir sixteen ^hters to without contrary, 29 •^ n rViiirrh which considers lying a (for what are promises in a »^^^^^^ ^f the church?) Venial sin, and no sm at all If fo^^^^^^^ into young girls, Romish doctrines ^^^T^J^^^^^^^^ Uo have been carefully^^^^^^^^^^ themselves, they I'rtrnot L"t^penly "but secretly, for tear of offending weak brethren." 50,-CLERGYMAN CALLED « PRIESTS." (F/i/^No. 5-) 5i- .CANDLES ON SO-CALLED ' ALTAR " LIGHTED. Derived irom the ^'^g-g^/tn'.^t bylom:^ uch, who was living B.C. 586, ana is y Jerusalem, have died in Babylon after he^d^^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^i, tells us that the Babylonians lightea ^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^. gods. "They light them ^^^^^^' f '^^^ ;> and Christians lelves, whereof they cannot see one ^^^ ^^^^ copied this custom at ^\f jl^ J,'^''o? lUiberis, in Spain, 305, as about that time the Coun^^^^ i ^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ found it necessary to P^^.^^^^it the us^ ^^^ p^^,, tombs of the martyrs who had already P ^ .^ ^.^ ^.^^ of the heathen demi-gods, l^?f;^^^^^^^ » They light up ;A.D. 330), as the Christian .0^^^^ sa d ^^^ ^y ^.^ candles to one as it He dwelt ^^ t^e a , ^^ ^^^ deserve to pass for madmen, who otter p author and giver of light t Before the end o. the «ntury "ghu were in M foj- « the churches for Vg.lantms about A^J 4° ,^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ uiultifarious paganisras '•>"°^uced nto t ^^ ^^^^^^ the pretext of rehg.on . . _/hen heap ^^ ^^^^^ lighted up in clear suns/nne, ana r ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^7, says ofh sown church The brg ^.^^^ ^^^ ^^^ with lamps thickly set. iney = day." so Candles, lighted, whc-ii not wanted for the purpose of giving light, have been pronounced illegal. 52— EASTWARD POSITION AT SO-CALLED " ALTAR " When the minister takes this position, standing with his back to the people so that they cannot see what he is doing, and his face towards the Communion Table during the consecration, it means that he is pretending to adore the real body of our Lord then present before him ! His doc- trine bemg that the Supper is a proper sacrifice, that he is a sacrihcing priest, that the table is an altar, and that in the act of consecration some mysterious change takes place in the bread and wine. Our Saviour did not consecrate the bread and wine. He gave thanks.'; The back turned towards the people (save for arrangmg or ordering the elements) has been un- known as a practice in our church, until recent innnova- tions, for the last three hundred years. This position has been pronounced illegal by the Law Courts. K/^^ No. 37. ^ 53- — TOLLING BELLS AT CONSECRATION. Pronounced illegal. 54. — EUCHARISTIC VESTMENTS. Pronounced illegal. ■ 55.--NAME "catholic" APPROPRIATED, Catholic means universal, and that there should be no am- biguity, the American Church when they revised their Prayer Book a century ago altered this word in the Prayer lor all Conditions of Men, so that it reads '' Thy holy Church universal." By styling themselves Catholic the Ritualists wish to signify that they arc not Protestants. 3' 56.— SIGN OF CROSS IN ADMINISTRATION. Pronounced illegal. Vide No. 14- 57.— BOWING TO SO-CALLED "ALTAR." Because the so-called " Priest" professes to believe that the body "f 0"' Lord is or has been there, 58.— SCULPTURED REREDOS. Ger,erally bearir^g images and if so. contrary to the Second Commandment. Vtde No. a 7- 59.— KISSING THE HOLY GOSPELS. Kissing the Prayer Book before reading the Gospel was declared illegal. ^^__^^^^^ ^^^^, Pronounced illegal. 61.—" MASS " INSTEAD OF LORD'S SUPPER. rvuc ArHrlf^savs "The sacrifices of masses in which it The Article says ine ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ is commonly said that the priest onei and the dead, to have remission of pan and gui t, phemous fables and dangerous deceits. The Abbe Malot expressing a doubt to^^^^^^^ lieu, (who was ^ churchman o the Arhb.sh^^ ^^^ as it would take snow balls to heat an oven. 62.— MIXED CHALICE. Pronounced illegal. 53._SEVEN SACRAMENTS. Christ ordained t-.vo only, vi^., Baptism and the Lords Supper. 32 64. — ELEVATION OF CUP AND PATEN. Pronounced illegal. 65. — INCENSE. God Himself prescribed the ingredients and quantities for making incense. He decreed that priests alone should offer it, and that it should be lighted only by fire from heaven. And the penalty for infringing each rule was DEATH ! None, not even the Jews themselves, know what Hebrew words the spices mentioned specify, nor are there any priests left, for the line of Aaron has become extinct. Ritualists quote : " In every place shall incense be offered unto my name,'' — and it will be so, but only when the lion shall eat straw like the ox, and the wolf lie down with the lamb." Incense has been pronounced illegal. 66. — ENTIRE CONGREGATION SPECTATORS AT "MASS." Non-communicating attendance now taught by the Ritualists in connection with their High Celebrations or High Mass, is a corrupt and degenerate Roman practice, against which the Reformation was aimed. As the Homily of 1562, says, "Every one of us must be guests and not gazers, eaters and not lookers." C'' s is an Administration of t e Lord's Supper, not a celebration nor a theatrical show. The title Mass was discarded by the Revisors of 1552. 67.— PERENNIAL LAMPS. Fire worship again. (F/^^No. 41). 13 68.— "AGNUS DEl" AFTER CONSECRATION. When the "Agnus," or in English. ''O Lamb of God, that taketh away the sins of the world," is said here, it means t:t is then sung to the La^. Himself who is there be- fore the so-called "priest" on the so-called "altar. At the Reformation the ''Agnus" was transferred to its nrone place in the conclusion of the Communion service Eei occurs in an address to the Trinity, after the ele- ments have been consumed. The introduction of the "Agnus Sei!" where not authorized, has been pronounced illegal. 69._masses for the dead. (F/^^No. 6i.) 70.— auricular confession. There is a sliding scale here, and it is a fearful one. An their child. The leading questions upon the seventh Commandment teachfng the previously irnocent one immoral ideas that woutTotherwL never' have entered her head for a D- Magee, Bishop of Peterb-ugh says : J^^;^^^^^ rrsti:-^ ^act ^-f -• ^'^L'jWrrthS sirching than the last and as ^e pen.tent - -ned ftat a single om^sion vit.ates ^'l'; .^^.^^f/. °"houghts or deeds most thoughts, if married perhaps '^'""f "'" *. „,i,,„h that she would not dare to confide even to her husbana. When once the confession is made the priest^ becomes l^:rerS?aX=e ^^^^-^^^ never look at him again as an mdependent being. 34 morever can never feel confident that the priest, who is a frail human being, may not disclose the secret, and that this is often done is undoubted, for not only priests who have been converted, but laymen as well, have stated that they had heard priests at the dinner table, over their wine, jest upon what ihey had heard in the morning in the confessional. The Duke of Buckingham, in his "Private Diary," re- lates the following -.—^^Jknow (the italics are the Duke's), a case wheie a Carbonaro had hid his diploma and arms in a part of his house where he had built them up. Im- prudently he had cntruste-' his wife with the secret. Op- pressed by the weight of it, she communicated it, under the seal of confession, to her confessor. He was villain enough to betray his penitent and her husband to the police. The next night the police came to the very spot marked out by the woman who had thus sacrificed her hus- band. The diploma and arms were found, and both hus- band and wife were carried off to prison, where they now remain." This was in Naples in 1827. The director of a late King of Spain, and who was also the Queen's conftssor, when the king upon a certain occa- sion declmed to comply with his requests, insolently con- tinued to press them, reminding the king, ''I have your God"* in my hand and your queen at my feet." "Patrick," said a priest to an Irishman, " how much hay did you steal " ? " Well," replied Pat, " I may as well confess to your reverence for the whole stack, for my wife and I are going to take the rest of it the first dark night." A few years ago a Scotch gentleman gave evidence in the Private Bills Committee of the Quebec Legislature conflicting with that given by his minister, the Rev. Ga- vin Lang. A French member hurried over to him, and i.e.y the wafer-god ! 35 with a face full of warning, said, " Wait my fren till he get you in de confessional, and he make you pay up for dat." The abominable questions, especially upon the subject of purity, are even put to little children. They are printed in the Priest in Absolution. The R. C. Monsignor Capel in a correspondence with Canon Liddon, in the London y Times, January i6th, 1875, announced publicly that the ' Ritualistic Priest in Absolution was an adaptation from one of the R C. books on Auricular Confession. Scholars can find the questions asked (in Latin) in the R. C. published works of Dens and Liguori, and a few years ago Lord Oranmore had extracts from the equally vile Ritualistic book printed for the use of Parliament. Were they printed here, we should render ourselves liable to prosecution for publishing obscene literature. The first part of this book was published by Masters, London. The second part has no publisher's name, but contains the following notice : — " To prevent scandal, arising from the curious or prurient misuse of a book which treats of spiritual diseases, it has been thought best that the sale should be confined to the clergy, who desire to have at hand a sort of vade mecuvi, for easy reference in tb'^ discharge of their duty as confessors." So that, ac- cording to their own showing, an English clergyman is to have for his guide in the confessional, a book which to pre- vent scandal, must be circulated in secret, and is unfit to bear the name of a respectable publisher. It was well said that if the questions contained therein to be whispered in the ears of young women by clergymen of the English Church were proclaimed upon the house-top, they would heat to the boilmg point the blood of the English people. In the Roman Breviary sins are divided into cardinal (deadly) and venial (slight), and among the venial is lying! This sometimes works both ways, for it is told of an Irish- 1:11 3^ man who had stolen a cheque for a large sum in pounds, shillings and pence, tha^ he confessed only for the shillings and pence, (of course paying accordingly,) keeping back the pounds, and received absolution for his robbery. ^ The Romish priests generally receive confessions inpub- lic places, in churches, but the Ritualistic " priests " hear them in vestries and private rooms, and in England it is said that young women are closeted with a " priest," some- times for an hour or more at a time ! One very important question, seldom, if ever omitted, is '^ Have you told anyone what was said in confession?'' Think of this, ye mothers, who have not already been caught in the toils. The meddling priest, an unmarried man, is to be a dealer in confidences between your daughter and himself, which are forbidden to you her mother 1 ''ConiQss yom faults one to another." (James v. i6; Tischendorf's translation) and confess your sins to God.' He can forgive sins, and He alone. 73.— INVOCATION OF VIRGIN AND SAINTS. To which we have been led by the Saint's Day's Services and Hymns, all of which tend to dulia or saint-worship- ping. How many are aware that no one knows the dates of the deaths of any of the Apostles, for they were placed in the calendar by different popes arbitrarily without any authority whatever, and taken over at the Reformation into the calendar of our R B., which was never thoroughly reform- ed, and still contains too many "bits of scarlet," as the late lamented Dean Alford called them. The Reformation under Edward Sixth was never com- pleted. Cranmer meditated further measures, but the king died and Bloody Mary sent the Reformer to the stake. Our P. B. has undergone five revisions, the first book of Edward, that of 1549, being a wonderful work considering that it was composed by men who had most of their lives, held and advocated the doctrines of Rome, but a great ad- vance was made by the Reformers in the next three years, as evidenced by the second book completed in 1552. This is the best P. B. the English Church has produced, and is far better than the one now in use. It was however still imperfect and had Edward lived a few years longer there '^'ould have been a more complete revision, for Alasco tells us that the king and his council were anxious to effect a far more thorough and extensive Reformation of the Church of England. Elizabeth, who was religiously a Romanist,but politically a Protestant, unprotestantized the P. B. to make it accept- able to Romanists, and when a copy of it was sent to the pope, he was so well satisfied with it that he offered through his Nuncio Parpalia, to ratify it for England, if the Queen would only own the supremacy of Rome. The rVangesinthe next Revision under James I., m 1604. \.eie not numerous, but still in the same direction of sacramentarianism, and those in the last, our present P. B. were worse still. While some of whom it may be said they interpreted the P B by the second book of Edward, and became after- wards known as Low Churchmen, others who could not draw that distinction, were driven out and forced as it were, to become Presbyterians, Congregationalists, Baptists, etc. The terms High and Low probably originated at the same time, and in 1661, Pepys, when complaining of the fearful depravity of the Court of Charles IL says. And the clergy so high, that all people that I meet, do protest against their practice 38 2. DAILY MASSES. Vide No. 6i. 73. — TRANSUBSTANTIATION. Thi: signifies the pretended change of the bread and wine m the Supper of our Lord. {Vide Nos. 17 and 38.) 74. — PURGATORY. The Scriptures speak only of immediate translation to happmess or misery, precursory to that which soul and body must experience at the resurrection, and no suppli- cations of the living can help them. There are only two states after death, and St. Paul believed that as soon as he was absent from the body," he would be -present with the Lord —but the Roman Church in their cunnmg in- vented the doctrine of Purgatory at the Council of Flor- ence, A.D. 1439. A poor Spaniard went to his priest and made a bargain tor a dollar, that the priest would say masses enou-h to get his father cut of Purgatory. Meeting him next day he asked ^if his father was safe. " Yes. certainly," was the re- ply, I m so glad," said the man, " for the dollar was a counterfeit.' 75.— RESERVED SACRAMENT. Our twenty-eighth article says, " The Sacrament of the Lords Supper was not by Christ's ordinance reserved, car- ried about, lifted up or worshipped." 76.~KNEELING TO SO-CALLED " ALTAR." Kneeling and prostration before the consecrated ele- ments during the prayer of consecration were declared illegal. 77-— PYX OR SHRINE FOR WAFER-GOD. The vessel in which the wafer is kept. If a host is there a lamp is always burning before it. Vide No. 60. 78. — COMMUNION IN ONE KIND. Article XXX. says, " The cup of the Lord is not to be de- nied to the lay people." 79.-ROIVIE. TliE English Inquisition. When speaking of Bowing in the Creed I used the words *' The EngHsh Inquisition," and if it did not apply to the Star Chamber no one can deny that the Court of High Commission was deserving of the name. The former was an ancient court, the member^ of which consisted of the Privy Council and the Judges, all of whom held office during the king's pleasure only. When he was present he was the sole judge, and Queen Elizabeth even suspended Archbishop Grindall, (who at the present day would be called a Low Churchman), because he refused to persecute the Puritans. The Court of High Commission was even more terrible. It was formed by the Queen in [583, after the death of Grindall, by Archbishop Whitgift's request. Of the forty- four commissioners twelve were bishops, and three members 1 med a quorum. They were exemj ted from all legal control, and empowered to make enquiries not only by the legal way of witnesses and juries, but by the rack, torture, etc. In a word, as Hume says, "this court \s2i's> 2^ real inquisition ; attended with all the iniquities, as well as cruelties inseparable from that tribunal." Numbers were maimed or hung for their faith only. Two Congre- gational martyrs named Copping and Thacker were among 40 the latter. Burrows, a lawyer, and Greenwood, also Con- gregationalists, for writing books against the Church were hanj^ed in 1593, by Archbishop Whitgift, he being then the rul'ng spirit. Others were fined and imprisoned in close prisons and dungeons where they died like rotten sheep. For nearly twenty years Whitgift waged war with the Puritans. He fined and imprisoned their clergy, sus- pended hundreds, and deprived many of their livings, so that the Queen's ministers became alarmed, and Lord Bur- leigh, the Lord Keeper, as the Chancellor was then styled, hinted to him that he resembled a Spanish inquisitor trap- ping his prey. At one time, it was said, nearly a third of the whole beneficed clergy were under suspension for re- fusing to comply with the habits and ceremonies of the church. In 1630, Laud being then Primate, Dr. Leighton, a Scotch minister, for writing a work against bishops, not more censorious than we see now frequently, was fined ;,f 10,000, and condemned to be whipped, set in the pil- lory, have one of his ears cut off, one side of his nose slit, and be branded on his face with S. S, for Soivcr of Sedi- tion. Then seven days after to be pilloried again and whipped, and have the other ear cut off, and the other side of his nose slit, and to be imprisoned for life ! When the sentence was delivered Archbishop Land pulled off his cap, and holding up his hands, gave thanks to God 7vho had given hi?n the victory over his ene?nies. Leighton remained m his dungeon eleven years, and un- til Laud was imprisoned in his turn, and when released by the Long Parliament he could neither walk, see nor hear. Laud kept a diaiy, and the following entry related to Dr, Leighton. " November, 6th." First, he was severely whipped before he was set in the pillory. 41 Second, being set in the pillory, he had one ear cut off. Third, one side of his nose was slit up. Fourth, he was branded on the cheek with a red-hot iion. On that day se'nnight, his sores upon his back, ear, nose and face being not yet cured, he was whipt again at the pillory in Cheapside, cutting off the other ear, slitting the other side of his nose, and branding the other cheek. In 1632, Prynne, a lawyer, wrote a book decrying stage- plays, comedies, dancing, etc., and because the King and Queen frequented these amusements, and the latter some- times acted a part at private theatricals at court, it was con- sidered a libel against her. He was sentenced to lose both his ears and pay a fine of ;£3>ooo- Three years later he wrote a pamphlet against Laud and the bishops, and lor this (it being far more serious than inferentially attacking the Queen), it was ordered that the remainder of the stumps of his ears should be cut off, and he to be branded on both cheeks with the letters S. L. This was done, the hangman rather sawing off the remainder of his ears than cutting them. He was also fined ^5.^00, and ordered to be imprisoned for life. Henry Sherfield, a bencher of Lincoln's Inn and Re- corder of Salisbury, was tried in 1632, for breaking a win- dow, so blasphemous that I hardly dare describe it. in this window were seven pictures of God the Father, in form of a little &.d man in a blue and red coat, with a pouch by his side. One represented Him creating the sun and moon with a pair of compasses, others as working on the business of the remaining days of the creation, in the fifth day a naked man is laying upon the earth as.eep, with so much of a naked woman as from the knees up- ward growing out of his side, and on the seventh day the Lord God sat in an elbow chair at rest ! ! ! 43 Man, simple people ^-^^X^sj'S"^^ their going in and out oi me »-iiu , the Lord their God was there. Laud spoke up in excuse of the P^^;f J^J^ as Sherfield had taken them down '"''"^"fj^^^^^ ftom tual authority, that he be fined ;£i,ooo bj J^™;^ jm the Recordership, and be ^°"r'"ff„',e good behaviour, he paid the fine and gave bonds for future goou To all which the Court agreed, except the fine, whicn wa reduced to jQsoo. The Rev. John Workman preached a ™ against pictures and images, for which l^e ^as su^pe y feigh Commission and imprisoned. He wg so ^^^ spected that shortly before this the C. y ol ^ ^^^ given him an ann^-'V °f £°; J°,^irCommissfon, and authorities were e'ted before the Hig ^^^^^ ^^.^ „p ^ the annuity was cancelled, inen ""• , . inhibited small school, but the ^J^^f !f P ', e ' "-di ne, which him. He then commenced to practice " the Archbishop likewise absolutely forbade bo tna s deprived of all means of subsistence he fell into a me.a choly disorder and died. Thesevedtyofthiscounwasgen.^^^^^^^^^^^^ passionate disposition. The PeoP'« "; jijn'ftom the until at last, after eighty years of per ecutu^n. Crown and Bishops,* as J'°'^"<;f,Cer fruit The blame ence, the oppression produced Us b'"er 'rm t __ must largely rest upon 'heir instructers for cu chickens, come home '^^^^^^^J^^Z^U Acts among the people. The f evoiuno^ i of retaliation followed, but the ^^fe'^g^ °'f^^ ter tans during the three previous reigns were lar j — During this Pe™'!- Crin.la.r^^ST^^^^. -^>:i ChC- ^^;I^TiZ^\rC^- cllnS^l was Priniale for e..h. years and Abbot for twenty-two. than tho; The jails been by mutilate* were de some, tc hundred their fai K his I of tl to d CL .11 per the mutilated. To be sure ""^^ers o . ^^^^^^.^ ^^ were deprived of ^^'^J'^'^.^Vng to others, twenty-four Se^rTwthX" th^i; .r™l Uever. was .^^^^^^ their families. . ,r , f Un/1 heen so unminatul oi Many of these clergy ^°^^;™hemselves from public ,Ueir spiritual duues a ^o^^:i;,,^^^^, :^Tf^ llToticea^i-^efor^theH^^^ ficate from Northamptonshire 164^^ ^^ , year of a parsonage, worth .^/.^^.""g not even a poor curate (probably held by a Pl";;f ^^');Xe children, or bury the ■ ,h^ -Rishops determined to revenge After the Restoration the B.shop^a ^^^ p^.^^^^. themselves, for "hat they Jiad ^uffe^'^^^'f Common Prayer Puritans. King Charles II. called for all the clergV to subscribe to His bo^k, but uP-y-i-/ hid onSnce enough to refuse t:rstar:e?e^«^--'"'^^"'^'" ^„,, eight rsan^/Zr^o^nSTo-r K t) cUled because they would "Otco^^^^jj_ I„ 166., four ^.trd^KndrefQuSters were then in prison 1 Xn ,une ,663, the^^Sef^e^ "^^ ° -^"'^ '" more than five persons, besides m 44 private houses, "for any exercises of religion in any other manner than is the practice of the Church of England ; " and the penalty might be inflicted by the justice of the peace, witJioiit a jury ! For the first offence the punish- ment was three months imprisonment in the common jail, and a fine of five pounds ; for the second, six months, and a fine of ten pounds ; and for the third, (now, however, after conviction by a jury), banishment for life, to some of the American plantations, excepting always, as too con- genial an abode, the Puritan colonies of New England. Agnus D( Altar— Si Apostolic Auricular Bowing i Bowing t Candles . Catholic. Chancel Chanting Chanting Choral S Churchy Colored Colored Commur Commur Commur Crosses , Daily M Dating 1 Dedicati East, Ti East war Elevatio Entire C Euchari Fasting Floral ] Flowers Font. . . Guilds. Harvest INDEX. Agnus Dei after Consecration Altar— Substitution of— for Table. Apostolical Succession Auricular Confession 33 i8 i6 33 *> Bowing in the Creed Bowing to so-called " Altar." . 5 31 Candles 26, 29 Catholic. Name 3° Chancel I9 Chanting Amens 9 Chanting Nicene Creed 18 Choral Services 10, 23, 24 15 27 27 18 Churchy Sermons Colored " Altar " Cloths Colored Stoles Communion. Early—encouraged . . . Communion. Evening— abandoned. Communion. In One Kind. Crosses - ■ > 1 J 39 II, 20, 31 Daily Masses Dating Letters from Festivals. Dedication Festivals 38 20 iS East, Turning to Eastward Position at so-called "Altar" Elevation of Cup and Paten Entire Congregation Spectators at " Mass", Eucharistic Vestments 24 30 32 32 "iO Fasting Communion Floral Decorations Flowers on Communion Table. Font 25 13 15 5 Guilds. 27 Harvest Festivals. 13 46 Incense 3^ Intoning 9 Invocation of Virgin and Saints 3^ Kissing the Holy Gospels 3^ Kneeling in the Creeds . 27 Lent. Sombre clothing in 20 Mass Instead of Lord's Supper 3' Masses for the Dead 33 Mixed Chalice 31 Music, Excessive 26 Music, vide Choral Services No Prayer before Sermon 27 Offertory Bags I7 Orientalization of Churches 3 Painted Windows - 8 Perennial Lamps 32 Priest. Clergyman called 29 Processions lo^ 1 5 Purgatory 3^ Pyx 39 Recessional Hymn I4 Reredos 18,31 Reserved Sacrament 3^ Rome 31 Separation of Sexes 26 Seven Sacraments 3^ Sisterhoods 28 Surpliced Choir ^ Surplice in Pulpit 7 Tolling Bell at Consecration 3^ Transubstantiation 3^ Wafer Bread 3i I