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Les diagrammes suivants iilustrent la m^thode. errata to pelure, 3n d m D 32X 1 ^ t 2 3 ^ 1 2 3 4 5 6 «« All Historical Aiklrcss DH.IVKHhli IN s. JOHN'S (.iiiKLii, lilMtUUUE, \'<\\ S. i)N OCCASION UK I MK - SKMI-CKN"H".\'MAI. CKl.l' HKA IK )N ()IU>AXI/.\riON OF THE PARISH, WILLIAM STEVENS HKKRY Bishop of /nuir. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, COPYRIGHT OFFICE. No registration of title of this bool< as a preliminary to copyrigiit protec- tion lias been found. ^^^ i) miC^^. Forwarded to Order Division (Ai'r. :., mti-5,oa».) (I)rU') An llistorical Address III I.IV KKKP IN S. |()I1N\S elll'KClI, mill tJlK, low A, ON OCCASION OV TUB semi-ci-:ntknmal cklkhration or riiK ORCAM/ATKIN Ol' THH I'ARISH, WILLIAM STEVENS PKRRY, liiflwp of Iowa. •« WAP 31 1R9fi^^ davenport; edward uorciieri't, i'rintkr. 1896. Z\^n Pf, t I'KIiFArukY NOllCH. So imicli cdiitrDvorsy Ims lii'.txi iiniiiwftl liy tlit> il»»j livery «>f tliiw (Ijhcouiw, mi. I so wiiL' iiiil KeinT.il Imvc'litMii till' ciiticiHiii-i wliiiMi it Iiiih fliiMtiMl, tlmt us i)iii)lii'iiti..ii IxM'/.nies ii r til.' liiHt wivcii .11- «'iKlit y.'iiiH will iv..>fiii/.e iu tliin ml.lrcs^ tin' latent Ktat.'in.'iit ..f I li.> writer s coiitfiitioii tluit,.l.'H|)itetlio inli.l.'l I'om I'liineHaH- H««rti(ni to the eoiitrarv, Ainericii in, in all that teiulH to itH 1,'reMtiieHH aiul k'lory, liiHt.iri.-ally a'< well hh by (leH.'1'nt iiii.l riieeiilliiiity.tl Iiil.l "f Kn-rlHinl rather than .)f l':i\r..|te To thiw w. may a.M that in all of the vari.iiiH eleiuentf. that «o towanh fiiitioii-iualuntf, in our lanuiiau'e, iir manniTH, eiinti.inH, an. I faith, we owe nothiM!,' t.) the Latin peopleB or the i;.)inan ("liiireh of tlu' lilteentli nnilHixteentli centuries, "n..tliin« to (!.>liinil)us, tiotU- iiiK to SpHiu, n.itliiuK' to Uomt." (>} An Historical Address. Tlio Homcn mill Hpririji[H of tin' liihtciry of tliih I'miKli. tlin Hcmi t:tiiti'iiiiiiil of wliic-h we ci'lnhrHtH to-'.ltiy ; thn hi-j^iiinin^^P of this fair city, riHinji{ in itH Htntfly l)i'»iiity from tlit> MiHHiHHi|i|>i'H l)Hiiks: the mi^^iii of tliiH j^rt'ut conunoiiwpiiith of Iowa Htretcliiiig from fli(> Miiiiit'Hotii to tin's Missouri I) )r- (ItMH, itiul li('(lg''i| in l»y tln^ twin ^jrcat wut- erwiiyH — the I'Htlipr of UivuTis iiinl the evtMi j^rcatcr .MiHsoiiri, — on tMtlicr sido; thn gcuftiiH of till! history of tin' .MiililK' West itnelE, to^^rtthtir witii th'> territory on cither Ki(h' of till' Iloi'ky MountiiinH iinil rcnchinj^ to tlio I'm-ilie hlofu'; all (hiti> hack la'yoncl the coming of tho Trk'ncli |iri('sfH, >[iir. qn.'tti* and .loliet, cxplort'rH as well as Mis- siont'rh, ih Anno Domini, l<»7o The his- tory of tho wostiMii portion of tln< torritor)' now oi'cnpit'd hy the Ignited Statfrt ItcijfinH l)Hck of the straiigt* \vandt'riii;^s and hair- l)r('Hdtli ('Hi'a[iOH, the pitifnl discomforts luid th« marvelous cmhirance of the Eu<^- lish Bailors and tradt-rs who first set foot on th(» soil of Iowa and the Middle West. These hapless wanderers, abandoned by shipwreck, seizure or other stern necessity on the I'acitic coast, towards the dose of the sixteenth century, threaded the inter- minable forests, forded the mighty rivers, crossed the broad prairies, climbed tho mountain ransjes between the Pacific and I -4- tlii' AllMiitic wlii-ii tli't'iii^ I'm tlitir rvi>H flnlii llli' S|.illiiHll iMllliliillrt ol' till ' Holy < U- lii'c" mill [\\r iiiilii ilr I,', I'liis lilti.MJj trill- until ill tlioi*<>ii)i|h III' oil I vMiH no pli.ihttiHy. It wiiH II (Iri'Hilfiil reality f ■niij hiuI I'l-'inil in all till' S|uiiiiHli- Anniii'iin Hrttli'iufntrt. * Tlio I'lirniiii'U'H m1' (iiir t'nrly iliH«>iiv«>\' tin* wit- iithhih); on tlii> nu'U uikI in tin' Iliinn'H ut' u giiiul ciinfi'Hvtiun fill' tlii> rt'l'nriut'il i'Hitli (iiui Kiij^lniiilH true CiillKilicily liy ninny iiu Kn^lihli H!tili>r or tnuler ulm liiul t'tillt>n iin to the toils of tliiri (IrtMiiJi'il (Mint \vIiih(> juil^nniitH wiTf ntvcr ttMii[nrtil witli nifrcy I'Im' friizt'il, incolii'ri'nt tnivi'l- tiili'H of llit> t't'W wild, nl'ti'r travt'rHiii;( n ronlintMit nml only iil'tir yi'airt of toil, ri'iu liril lioiiir, iin 10iii,'li-.li li inii- a;^'iui), nro loiiii;! ill lliikliiNt luiil I'lUi'liim, anil iitti'Hl till- i'lift I liiivc H'l'irii (I to, that hcori'is and I'vcii liiiiiilriils of llii;,'li( Iih(iiHiriiin" the I'^iiuUnIi traiti-iH weitMililiyt'd til tlmiw " IJiiili H mill l'rii>cr-li(Mikn iiveiliiiiird into tli(» R'U liefiire iirrival at Hiiir imrtf, as tiiiH." iiiaiiy years wf have iloiie aiul .vet ilo," ( I'Miiiliiiriili fili- tiiiii, ii,'i24.) l'/(/(' nihil Kiiufnley's "Westu-iiril Hu!" fur notii't'B (if the iiii|iiiBitiiiii iih e.stiiliiislied iu the HpauiHli-AmorioBii bt'ttleuipnts. ill 1' cru Cdlifiiniiii roMstH, it wuh tlio «y''« '*f tlitri> [iiKir \vi(t«'h"f* wliti llrrtt lii'lulil thn lll.llirul ;,'l(Hit'H of tltf lllii|(lli» |i 'I'tinllH nf tll« CKlltilll'Ilt, Hl.ll it WMK they Wll.thi' fi'"'t IllHt triMJ till' tiMckloKrt wny iicrimH tlif fontiin-ut. Kit' llii'N liiiiilly rt'Mc||i>i| tii" ;,'i'mI <>t fi-co- •liui. M-ori'H, liuinlrt'ilH, |M'ris|i(«(l in tlif >»t- t<'iin»t. I»iit, till' iiiiiiK'H nf D.ivjil liij,'niin, ami 'rill il<>rt<)|i 'lilt liin (•'•iu()iiiii<>tiH, ttiiii| li HMili.r folk, live yet in liihtory, iitxl tlit'y l'ii;,'lif.liiiiiii iiiitl Kn>,HiHli Cliurcli- lut'ii, tirht rtiiw tlif iiiiirvi'ls of tlit* Miildh' Wi'Ht ♦ Tlio liiHtory of Iowa; tli'- history of fiicli ri'iicli of ti'iiitoiy ilniiiii'tl l>y tin' MimiH- Bipjii uiiil Miniioiiri titnl tlit> trihuturii'rt of "* Diiviil IiiuninrH iiiirmtivtnviiH |irinti'ill>> llnkluyt ill I.'iS'.t. He "HiitlVivd iiiUfli mill Hiiw inmiy Umik'Hi III) iloiilit, with II tlihi'iiHi'il liiiiiti. Ill' liHtfiii'il also to till' HfiiruH iif .itlK'i-H, ii'pi'Htiiu,' tlit'in witli lulili- timiH 111 N.iilnr fiiHlii.iti; uikI, lit'-iilcN, iiiiiv hiof ln'eii intivtil I" viiiiity, . . Ihi' liirKtr iioitinii of the iitiiti'iiii'iitH ill liiH Tiurnitivt' iipiit'iiiH to hi< tnu'." Win- biii-'h Siiridtiri- uml Ciilii'ul lli.ilnrn nf Aninirii, 111, IH'). l». (!. J. I'iowili'ii priviitflv iitintcil in iiiH l)(irniii)iiln t'liiiiiirliil irilli llir llislniji nf Smith I'diiiliiKi, I, I null 111. IM'id. ''! In« liiilnrriiivrlHdf lliivvil liiu'iMiii anil OthiTH. ill thf Vcur ir>iW C'.l, I'luiii tli« liiii lie Mines in the (liil|ih nf M. xiru to < :a|ii' llrcton ill Afiiiliii." .MS. rii|iif.s iiri' in thi< llriti'
  • i'ynii<|, I'X- tcMulii)^ to "til" ^''•'"^ '*•'" wi'Mtwiml;" th« luHtury iif th«) cniuitry itHi'lf l)t'j(iii«, wIhmi ill tlit« yi'ikr nf ^I'ficc, t (1)7. tliM Kii^'linli tTowii mill till' Kii^liHli CliriHtiKiiity hi-- (|uii'i>il itH li^litM to tlii> Nortli AiiU'rinm coiitiiK'ht. 'I'Ih'ho rinlilM wt'io Ht'curt'il liy till' liiiiilfall of Jiiliii ('ul)ot oil H. John ItHptiht'H (luy mill tin* fortiiHl o('i'ti|)Hiu*y for Mii^jliiiurH cruwii mill cliurcli of tli« jSoitli Aiiii'iicmi coiitiiiKiit * Tim voyii^H acroHH tliH S»mi of DiirkiH'HB t>y till' (ii>iio»'Hit mlvontiiror, ('oIuiiiIiuh, uinlcr tliti |iHhoim^i* iiinl at tin* niHt of tlioir Catholic Majfrttii'H, I'VrdiiiHiiil aud FHaliplla, of Kpiiiii, had iiidi'i'd itH n'Hiilt in the Hi^hliii^ and occupani-y in I lit- of Sau Halvador, an iiiHi^niticant \Vt>Ht Indian inl- and, now ill th.' piiHMHhrtiiiii of till' MiifjliHh crown. Hut, altlinnj^h, at a later datt>, IllH- paiiiola, now ('ul'ii, wan dihcovcri^d nnd t>i« ken (tOHHCSHion of, and later Htill. though HnliHitpicnt to till' dihcovi'ry I'y Culiot of tho Northern Contint'iit. Soutli Ani'Ticii wan hci'h and oi'cuj)i''d liy (!oIuiiiI»ih for Spain and the Church of Itunie, a^^ieeidily to tlie pa|)al luili of I HCJ, «ivin^ the weKt- eru worlil to Spain, it tiiiiKt novor Im forpitton that the • ^, ,•« of Co1iiiiiI>uh never reHted upon, mmi hia feet never trod upon the North AinericHU continent, it iw than that BO far as the people of the I'nited Staten "•"Hee Appindix I. 1 \ .ITm'ovnry. <.nr H.'Hl«^ni''nt. our ..iigiii. our |hi.«umk.'. our i.l.MiH of lifo. lil..«rly. niuX ChriKtinnity m)l«ly to .mr MritiHl. .iii.l Au- ul.,.Snxun Hir.H, From th» Atlni.ti.' to tli» I'liciHc ; fK.m tlu" iiiHM«i..'trH».l.' ic- nolch of tliH far N.>rth t.. th« wiittfrn ..f th.. (luir ..f M .,,. of I HM iiiul ,.XIC.. (it tll.« HOUtll. W.'. tllt» !•• thiH Kr«>(it ropiil'li*-. uln^uly itr<.Kiii/.tHl tli«< "(Ir.iit.'r llritniii," we tin' Ihik-hI l».ii(lii.K Ki'kI'"'' H|..M.kiii^( j..'opl or tbo w.tI.1,- "..wi' iiotliiiiK to Si.iiin. i.otliiiiK to C.UunhuH. unthintf to Uonu" " Our .l.'l>t of HIiiil Kiiitittulo ih .luf for our imtinir-mnk- iiiK. for our popular fr.'f.l.,ui, for our lib- erty of roiihci.!).-.'. fi)r our p.»r»oiiiil. imli- vidutil imifpi'ii.l.'nc.-, for our hpirituHl. ho- fl.hiMHtu-al, politicHi li^litH au.l privil.'K'H to our r.ritihli Hir.'H wlin jirnt (liHc..v(M»tl tho North Aun-ricaii iiiaiiiliiiitl and ilai.in'il itt* vaHt .'Xlrut for KiiKland'K clauTh and ntato ii^raiiiht all the world iM-hid.-. ami who for cetilurieH luaiidaiiit tl tlo-ir i-laiin in haiul- to-hai.d -trif." H^'Hiuht tho l-atiii p.'opU'H, iMtiioh aiid Spaiiihh, and Iho inip»'rfect ChriHtiaiiity of Uoukv !t wi.H tlM' jt'Hi <.r ;;u. had Mjittiii .lud t\^>\'\u, during that decade of (libi'..v»ry, faiU'il frt.ni Hnw- tol, Kit>,'lr! ... \Mhtward on tlu' (lUt'nt of lamh, unknown. diHcovtMi'd tho North American mainland. Lauding at the Hhore first Been, tho itriiiin n'nln of thii* carliost diBoovery of tho coutiuent, Cahot plautcul a -8- croHH, with tlio n\'<.m o? l']iii,'l(iiiil attn(!tin o.unipv end domiuati' this portion of tlio now world* Sailing soutliward and rHtnruing agiviu to his (jnest, lio, first of Eiin)pH'inn, ooastod niong tiio Atlantic! soul) xird wldoli by vir- tun of his commission from King Henry VII., ho toitk p )s^i'ssi on <>f as Hrst setMi liy English eyos, as first trod 1(mi u[))n by Eng- lish feet, HsfiratclaimtMl I)) Englishmen, and on which the cross of our reilomption was fiist rartspd b) English iiands.f It was thus that fiist of the nations and pt'oples of the old world, tho blazonry of the Englisli arms told of a claim for England which was novor to be gainsaid, never to be given u[) to other's, till with oar indepenchiinco of the mother land, this br'came our country's undisputed heritage. *'riie rpli).;ioiis iisiicct of tlio struijifle for tliK pos- H". -ill )M (if . North .\nii'iin;il)Htvvi'oatliel.'.itflisli(3lmr(!li 1111.1 C3io\vti, iiiiil Sp I'll iitui i{oim\ is cl.'iirl.v liruiiKlit out ill till* iiitest i;iiil pi'iliiiiis tlii> iiotilfst CDiitiibii- tiouti; .\ini'ri(';iii history riin Ui^e li:is proilin'.'.i. 'I'l'.o "(teiit'.HiHof thi' Uiiiti'd Stiitfs," !)>• i\.li'Xiiii'l(>r Urovvu, D.O.Ij. (twovohunc:!, ilhi^tratt'il, lin.stoii, IS',11 1, 'jivea UH, from sources hitlii!rtoov"rlooki>.-iihle, abundant evic(!'i:>'(>.-i that the rilatesmcn sirid C'aurcli- men and even tlie eourtiers of I'lii^'lund were fully alive to tne i iportant-e of seeirriiij,' for Kii<,'laml'8 Crown and ClIiiiriMi the North .Viiiot ieiiu eoutinent. TiiO arelii\e.s of the Spanish coii't. at rfimiiiioua, 'luoteil in these noble volutiiesof Dr. I'nnvii's, reveal the fail iiiid'«rstaiidiiit,'ii) Siiaiu, and by tiie autiii.ri- ties of the i'nniiaii Ohureli, of this purposi' of the Enfilish Dhurcli and Court. tWee Appendix II. i,^ ',4 I !• — ',% I t The foUowiii),' coutiiry witnPHHPd tlnMlis- covery ii» 1-"J7'.I l)y tin ^'rout Ki);;lisli Acl- niirttl, Sir Frmicis Diukh, <.f llu' Xortlitn-n Culiria-iiiii c'oiiHt. iiu'l tli'( sojouiii tln-n' of Dnike find hiw t'ollowors for wooks during tlio rcHttiii^ of tlip "(inldiMi Hind." It was in tliiH .^liip tliiit l.)r!iko (•irc'iiuiiitivit,'uttHl tlie gli)i)o (iftcr liin mi'm()rHl)le BUCceHrti's iu tlie fiipture mid Hack of tli-' SnmiiHl) towns all HloDfjt tlio riieifii' wmat Forsi\ weekH thri fnptaiu find crew of tho (rolden Hind bivoUHckiHl on tlio hl\on> of l)r;tkt'\s Hiiy, off Point lU-yt's H.-iid, and dining ail this tiiuc the Kuglish pri.'Ht of the expedition. Frauuirt Fletcher, held Hervices day liy dav for hailorrt and havages iiliKe. Tak- ing poiiaesbioii, fo" (^aeen and country, of the vast extent of hitherto nndiseovcred territory, veaehing from the Hcivtti'reil S[)an- ish setllemenirt in Southern Californiii to the far northweHt, where ice oljatructed iu early snininer the furtlier proseeution of the voyagr, Uiake called liis discovery ^e\v AU)ion and noted the auriferous soil on wh'cli he planted the standfird id' his native land. Later, the Spaniards followed in the track of him wiioni they culled the Dragou Drake, l)Ut (rod kept liack the stores o£ gold tlic^ soil of ("aliforida or New Albiou contained till, in after years, this very ter- ritory, tirst taken possession of for England, was once more iu the keeping of the Eng- lish-speaking people and the ropreseutatives of the English Cliristianity. -iO- At tlio l)f>^iiininf,'()f tlie Ht'voiileonth cen- tuiy tliH Kiiglieh i iico whh rt'fuiy to HHHcrt lior chiiiiiH to thut portion of the new world wliicli WHH hern, (iccionliuf^ to tlio law iiud ('oii)ity oi Diitioiis. l)y dihcovcry (lud tlie rij^lit of cfcm)uiioy. This c^Iiiim was ever uiHiutiiiiit'd, denpite the papal l)nllH of par- tition and exclusion meting out the western world to Spain to hold as a iief of Home,* am forhidding any but loyal koiih of Home frooi Hcttling, trading, or even vibitiug these vast poHHessionH. f The seareh for * I'opt' Alexaiulcr VI. (liodri^o liiUKiii), who pro- mul^'t'il tlu'ne " liiillH" (if partitiuii and ixirluHion, hh we learn from the I'liiCNclopiedia Hiitiiiuiicti. in "iiieiiioral)le as tlie niot-t elmructerihtii- iiieiiriiatiou of the ^;ec'■llhl^ spirit of tlie tifteeiitli eentiuy." I'rof- lifjutf alike ill pnlilic iiiid (iriviite life, dtntitnte of uioiaht*, iiiil)lns-liiii;:ly lieintioiis, "the H'niouiacal chariicter of his eiictioii " to the piipiiey "in iiidii-pat- ahle.'' HiH tiaauces were recruited by tiie opeu sale (if eccleHi.ii-tii'Mi eiliets iiml i-piritiiiii privilit;« s of every kind. He elevated lii.s second iiiitnral son, Ciesar, to the C'ai'dmaiate at th(! hkc of ei-^liti^en, uii- liliisljiny pei,iury liein^j rcKirted to for the purpose of eoncef'lint,' his illenitiniate liirth. 'J'lie enormity of .Mexiiiiilei 's I vil deeds is only ( xeeeded hy the ef- frontery with which they v.ere perfninied. It was thiB"lii)ly father" who sent Savonarola to the stake. + We hear a>,'aiu ). f 1 oreB RinidHt tlio ice tif>l(lH of tlu' fur north, now known hh tlit' JIndHon Bay tfiritory, with Froliishei' (ih adiniru! of tlit> lltM>t of Cftlouistfl Mu\ inarineH. when the blnglish prioHt, Mnistcr Wolfiill, mlminiHteml the first KufhariBt in tiiohe unhoHpitablt^ i-limes, Httents thi' formal proHOcution of thiw claiin. Tho oceiipanfy of Xtnvfounillanil by Sir Humphrey Clilliert and th« ehtablirthmont of Btatt^ and church accordiuj^ to thi- laws of En','land in this northern hind, had cacii and all proved abortive.* It whs not till the viry bpginniiif^ of the new centnry, and at the very time of the altortive <;uiipnwder plot that united all England against Spain and Home, that the crown and the people of the motherhmd awoke to the sense of the duty which was theirs in building bul- warks against Home and Spain in the new world, of which S[)ain claimed each foot by papal gift, while Home stood sponsor to this claim. The attempts of Kuleigh to colonize the North Carolina coast at lioanoke, in which repeated efl'ortH, there were gained the firnt fruits unto (rod of the Church of England's missionary zeal in the baptism of Mauteo, the Indian chieftain of the country, and a week later of the first white child born in Virginia, the gtivernoi's granddaughter, Virginia Dare, supply furthtn- proof of the purpose of the English Church and Crown * The tirst real etVort of the Eiij^Ush people to col- onize the uew world. -12- toiliiiniimtptliH North Aiii'Ticmi (MHitiin nt.* 'riic Hi'tth'tiii'iit (if Vir^iiii'i win m n^ttiinial hikI II I'liuiclily crt'.iif, and whs (Hh' wliicli H|i|M'iil('il to |»"ri' mill I'liiiiiii'iiM r iiliki'. AVf, of this .Middlti West, may Wfll ithumh- licr that in thf j^runts of Aint'riivm ton itDiy to the London coMipHnii's fioin thi* Ivij^llsli crown, thtii; wjirf ^(iveii to thcHt^ ;t,'rt'at cr- ^HnizatioDn th** tcnitory nf thf North AmtMU'Hii uminlimd Itetwecn tht> thirly- "'I'lipolvifotof tliin sett leniHrit, ill wliioli tin- Ki .lish Cliiircli iitnl pciiple coniliiiicil in a Hclicnic nf culiuii- zatioii, IS ;,'iv('ii liv (iillicrf liiiiisflf. It was, in the t|iiiiiiit laiiKiianf of tlie (lay, "tlit> 0Mrria(.'(> of (ioil's \Via fcaia" iiml ns it'cs of the Hook of Coinin >n I'raycr. Thus C'hristiatily, in faith and charity, and with prayer and sacranifiits, dill our fiithcrs rnti-r upon the 'Mininest of the con- tinent for Christ and ilis lloi; i Imrcii. 'I'he irov- ernor of Kalciyh's caiht-r atteni, ted settknient at lloaiioke, had written to W alsinyliani. the (.iiieen's fcjeeret.iry of State, as to Ih'^ purpose of this ell'ort of "the Father of Ane'rican cirhaiization " to colonize the ' A'trtlin'.-i Ijand." If wns, lie asserts, not merely " tlie addition of such a Uiiikjdoni as tins" of the new worhl to the (^liieen's domains. 'I'li(> lirinu'ini,' of Kii- (,'lisliC'liurchnieii to Vna-riea wnniii eti'ect, lie clainit'd, "a relict and freedom from the servitude and thiall- doin" with whii'h "Spain hath of \ fdinul in "Ari|j:iM)li)>;iii Aiiifrioii'ia," iv, «-!■>. i ^n- i J I .4 II I ( t'i)inlli aiul fi)ity-Hltli t|i';^M'tM'H ol' luiitli Int- itiidf. rt'iichiiii,' fi'niii till' Atliiiitic td tin* Tdcilic iiiiil II liiui'liiil ruilfrt intn lln' 'ivi Im'voiiiI. 'I'liis IDS ill (liiKiti in w t.-t liiscil mi tin' C'lllilll nf Elif^lalid to till' Noltll AliliTi- CHii iimiiiliiiHl ii((jniiiil li} C'liln t in II'.'-. 'I'liih clMini fii tlic northern imitionrt nt' the lliih ciMini til t lie nortljcrn imiiionrt nt I no nniinliiinl of Huh continpnt .l',n;^lMii(l ncvor ri'liii(|uiHli((l, never hurrender.d to tlio Jjitin pet'fileH. Tli^- ;,'i)veri!()r of Vii^^iniu, /\i>,mII. (hove in ll)!;} tlio Frencli .settlers I _ . 1 r....4i I* : n P.W.I.: i -14- (if I'ort II'MhI, liit'T known in .\iiim|)()lin, in NovH Scotia, from tlu'ir now honi<>H hh trespuHsf^rri on l'jri>;lisli Hoil. Awtlit^ En( tilt' oxpoHt'd Now I'iDj^lKnd iiml Now York frontioi'H; wostwnrtl towiirilH tlio hikes, the ^roiit rivora and tlio [)raii'io« Htrotcliioj; to wanlrt tin' Kocky MountainH n\u\ tlio Pacific HJioroH hcyond ; Houtliward towanlH Florida and tho (lulf, thoii advaiicH was over on- ward. Tho Htrn<,'j;flo was \>n)^ and for yearfl tlio roHult Koomod uncortain. It wih fur uh, tliP poopio of tho llnitod Statos, that thoso marly four oonturiesof contlict wor>' stoutly contoHtod. It waH wa^'od, this slrifo of yoars, lictwoon tho Latin ponplcs and the faith of Homo, and tho Hnf^lish raco — thi' J•J!<,'ii^ll <"liristiaiiity. Tho saokinj,' of a New J',iif^land villa^fo; tho iuoursion of tho 8Mvajj;n allioH of Franco on a Now York or T-nusylvaida town; tho n^^jrrossivo movo- monts of Virj^^inian advontorors crn,>;sinf{ tho Alloj^hanioH and nttoinptin^ to control tlio navigation of the Ohio; tho attoniptHof tho inhabitants of tho (jarolinas to dofiiid their onipuBta of civilization from the Yomassoos; tho hiptisni of blood ox[)or- ionced hy the latest settled of tho ori<^inal thirteen colonioH, (leorgia. in attacks from tho S[)ani8li troops from St. Auj^nstino and their Indian allies from about Mobile. — these wore, in their swift and almost coase- less recurrence, cha[»tf rs in the history of 1 -f I m-" til!' Htrifi' for II ctititiiit'ii^. Tlit' IndiiiriH, North or Soutli. tiiii>(l. iiH I'firkinmi tells, i>>icli hhhvhj^p Htill. Tiic I'lnf^lish lioroticH n'lunvoil no (jniirttM* (it tlii'ir iiunds. Torturo whh tlit' lot of tho |)risoiii>r who escMvpcd th^iith on tlu> lifhl of l)nttl<', imd cvPii (Irath, m'('oin{)nnitMl hy f'nMid- IhIi ciucltiPH ri'calliuf^ tlii! toriin'iils with which CdlumhuH hiuI hi« folJowcM'H lifid cx- tt'iiiiiiiHttd tlii^ Hiiiipic, guilf'li'rtH imtivcH of tilt' WtHt ludit'H. uf Mi'xii'o mid I'eni. was only reaclu'd thron^^h paiiirt and a^oni'M >it which fii'iidH would Itlusli. 'I'lif earlier iiiiHHioii prierttH who traverHi'il the Mid- dle Wefet, explorers of rivern, fureHtn, plains, and apostles of thi? Latin faith, were doiditlesK men of a hij^li and holy en- thnsiasm. a lofty pur|tosp, a noldo dariiijif, and displayi;!^ a conseeratioii of life and every power to the work tlu>y hid in hand worthy of all praise. iJut, as Francis Parkman tells, the siu'cessors of these men were not so mach jiriests as '"political agents," and the work they did was to make of their converts amon^ the sava^^es nnrelentiii}^, pitiless, hiindly devoted foes of the English poaple and the English faith.* It was indeed a holy war our sires engaged in all along the ever-widening frontier, as they ventured life and freely expended treasure to preserve this North- *8ee Appendix III. I 1 9 (.111 ClllilK lit t'l.Oll till' Llltill I1PI»|.I»'H, I'lciiili t<\ SpMiiiHli, Mini fill' i.iipi'ift'j't Clu ihl iaiiity I't' llniiH'. Mn ntlUlM )ll .1 CVlltl'llI 111.- tllO clltlpttTB of iliiKi< fitloiiiul wniB. rii" ItKiiliT K.-ttlcr tonk liis hi'.' in liiH linn. I. Tlif lin-l KmuIihIi prifht wli.i fMili'H'.l llliiHiiH (111 liin Miiritt'r'rt work I' II a iiiiiitM' l.» liiH I'aitli, Hluin with l'iiiiiil> iiitl coinii'iiiiiiiiH !•>• llif Mivfij,'.' iil- liiH u"t' tilt' li'iliii iM'.'pl.'rt- -nil iii.'iiili.'rs of tlif Cliuicli of Uiiii.'. Otlii'i' piit'Hts of our liiit' Ciilli"lii'ity wci't' hiUmicmI in Aln- hiiinii. in MiHsis5«i|.|,i, in lionihiiinii, tiiul ('iKt'wiicM' in t!ip S[mniHli p iHSCHMions. The f-rtulf. we Mif tol.l, wiH nimli' to »'ht ililish tilt' liKjuiHUion in Ihirt vtTy wpol— wiit're Diihiiqni' DOW Htiindi* — (Uuiiij< tin- S|mii- inh iloiiiiniition, luid, cortiiinly, I'l «l.iin of belief, <'f thought, if ciinHcii'iK'.', of Hpcot'h, wt-ro mikiiown luith Ih'I'* n\n\ wht'iev.T tlu» V.iitin pi-opli-H h.'lil Hwny itml the Homnu ohctlicnci' ohtaiiKHl. And still (ill this whh dour in ii tiMfitory f/iven liy royiil jjnmt to Virgiiiiii liy tho Enylibh I'lowii, whii'li by virtno of priority of diKiiivcry luid f irnial oi-riipHtion hitd noquin-d its undoubtcil rij^ht of posHPSHion to every foot of the territory of tho Uniteil Stdtes. ^Vhllt iH now lowti whs [xiit of Virf^iiiiii by roytd putent coiitirmed iif?aiu urul a^'diii and including,' nil portioiiH of North Anjericau mainland bctwoeu the thirty-first and forty-sixth do<,'reeH of north latitude westward from the Atlantic I / I \ I -17- tit tlit> I'licitic and II liiiiiili'"il iiiili'H into tlio I'liciHr lu'fHii.f Till' Kii},'lisli i-ri'WM ii»- giii'iltil tin- fitiiiiiliTrt and Hi'tlh'iH of Ncvv AmHti'i'iliini Mri ititi>i'l(>|»'i>t oii iOir^lldi huU nnd a conit of our own day and ^ftDiatiuti IwiH [tiiiiiMinci'd inv/ilid di-ciHioiiH and grantH of tliiti period id' Miudiattan'H life A pMfilv of it'artoidnj; inaki'H it clear that even witlmnt the Lul|i^^ialla pureh im' the oii^^'i- nal ri''lit to the H..il of Imv.i a>< well as of tin tlie Ijt'tterH Patent of Kinrf .Iiiiikh I., "fur two Hi'vi'iiil ciiliiiiii'M uiitt iiliiiititidiiM to hi' niMile in \'ir- ({itiiu and (.llur Piutn ainl 'I'ci rituii. h iif AiinTicii, (lattMl A|i. Ill, liiiiCi." JicfiiHt' wiiH 1,'ivt'ii fur I'DJuiii^intf "tliiit jiiut (if AmrriiM, ('(nimiunlv cillcil Virj/iiiiii, ami iitlii'i' I'artH ami '^t•^rlf((rl^^^ in Aaicricii, citiier a|i|ii'rtiiiiiini,' unto us nr wliicli iiro not miw actually pofHi i-(-fi| li.v iin> < 'liriHiiiii rrini't'H (M' IVii|ili', HJtii- it«c, Isint', aiiil licini; all ajontr tln> Sia C'oiiHtH, lic- twii'ii fouriiiiil thirty I )i'Kri'(H .if Xoilliirhi litititiide from till' J^iuiiioctiHl hinc, aixl live Mini forty de- jjrciN of till' Hiinu' Ijiilitudc, AMI i.v iiik >(.\is land I IK rw I'. K.N IIIK SAMK 1 IIUI! AMI I'llllil V AND I'lVK AM) I'liitTY iiKdHi I s, iiud the liiliimlrithrrtMiiito iiiljacfiit, or witliin ora' iaimlriMl MiUs of tin' CoaHtn tlifr.'of." I ■/r, Va., 1717, \>. 1. ltt'priiitt>il, New York, 18(15, an tho appcmlix to Tin' llisturi/n! the l-'irHt DiHcoviry ami Hotilt'inciit of VirKiuiii. liv William Btith, A.M. In Kiiiif .TniupH' Heooml (Jliartor, dated May •>:), KUI'.t, oiilarniiiK' the powerH of tin- "FiPHt (Joloiiy in VirKinia," ami dctinuit; its IiouiuIh and nit'tt's 200 mileH from I'oiut Comfort nortliwaid ahai^ tliH Hea CoaHt, and 'iim mill's from the Biimt' I'oint Oomfort southward, "and all that Hpace and Circuit of Laml, lyiuu from the Hea ('onst of tho I'reciuct, Hforesaid, If INTO THE T.A.ND TlIUOCCHorT FKO.M SKA TO SKA, IR- thn \V«'Ktfni tt>nit' r"y»il I'itoiil ill tli.» !lrnt Virvfiiii'i i'tl'>iiy. ""J tliiit Mnj^liiiiil hmvit piirtt'il with tliii* l.Tiit-ti V till tli.< ITnit.'.l Htiitt'H ht'i'iin'ii l»y itH iii(lf|M'iiil.'iii"", r.'cii^. iii/"(l ill l"X5. til" n'c.ij^iiili Ml of tliiMt> ill- |i,.iii,j^ li^litrt to tlit« t tiiit'iil |H)HHi>«H»nl l)y tilt' iiKitht'ihiii'l. hi hi'fiiriiiK' 'it tlii'lit'u'iiiiiiiijf t'f tliin tfii- tury 111*' liouirti'iim puii'li ihi- mu" fatliiTri W'vut Hiiil Noilhii-i'xt Aiil iil-io nil tliM iHliin.lH iy- iiitf witlim "in- liiiii>ir>"l Mil"", uliHiir tin- Count .if iM.tli Sc'iiH i.r til-' ri.'ciii-'t, (,f.ir<'MMul,"_ «'li' 111 tin' tliir.l tMiiiitiT of Viivmiii. «i''i>''' I '>>' Km/ .(iiiii'M I. Mril.ll IJ, It'll 1 IJ, tilt' W'lllIC pILVIHlOlMn f Mlll.l "ll|l ami lilt" til'' liini'l. thiiiii^'liout Imhu Suii tn Sfii, W.'Ht iiii'l N.irtli-wHHt," I'tc. . In tlu- t'liiiittT .if Ifi'i'.l ii|i|i.'iiiH till' iinviMioii M«- ciiriiiu' ti> iiitKUiliiii^ H.-ttl.T>< ,.iiil lli.'ir .ii|H|.i'Jiirf i.f tho iiiiilii'iiiililt! iik,'lit>i "'■ fr.-i' Imni Kiu'li>"liiii-ii. In thiH (•Imrlff.-il riulit .-lit- fatlii'iv. iit Hi" .>ii"iiiim ..f Hiu war r,.riiiii"|M'ti.l"ii"i'. i|'|»Ml*"liii'l''f">' 'f tli.-ir ri*. HlHtltllCl'tu llritlHJl tUallliy. l'l|.clllll-tMMllHf..ll<)\VM; "\1hi>, W" ilii fill' t'-*. "I"' ll*'ii^< ■•">' •'^"' '**'i'''i DKi'l Mil., I'V tli.H" riVS.'Ilt^, tllllf lill lltl'l fV"iy llio I'lMcim*'. li"ii'« '""' Sillij""ln. wliicii Hliiill ^i> aiu iiilml.it williiii tli"Hi.i,l i:..l.iiiy iiiul I'litiiliiti. II, i.ii. ,.v"iv iif ilii'ii- iUiililrcii iiiul I'c.sf.Tity, wl.idi hIii.II liiiiipcii tn h" li'irn witiiiii iii.y tlii- l.iniitM tliHi"nf, hIimI! II wk a.ni) KN.iiiT all LilMrfinn, FrMiu'lin-fH, ami lmiiuiiiiti''s of fn-t' l).iii/"iiH and natiiral rtiiliji'^'tH, witliHi luiy "f Kill- iitlifi' DiiiiiiiiiniiH, tn all liil"nU and I 'nil' >"•■«- ">< if *!'•'>■ '"'"^ ^""" "'''''"'K'""' '""'"- within tliis niir Ucalm of Ki»,i>'i«'h or in nii> otlicr ,,f oiii- I )ominions." Stitli ( Urprint i A|.|i"iidix, p. 2il. II,. II' i-< th" original I'liiirtcr of Iowa lili-'itiiM wliicli tilt' wiir f'"" iiidipfiid.iuv wmtlinicd and mmle national, For ihin. and tlic (;oinnioii law im well as for tli.< KiiKliBli UiliW', tii" KiikIihIi CliriHti- auitv, and tli" KukIIhIi ton«iU'. w.. niuy lliank our ()lil-tiiu» couiifcHou with ViiKiiini, the mother of Btntos »B well aH I'icHidtiitB. t I Ik i I \ hIihwi'iI tlit'ir niiivictiitii timt tlio rival riict'M itiid till' riviil f)iitliH coulil mtt «>\iNt t(i){)>tlit>r on H >il rliiiiiii'il for the Kii;;li"li Hpi'iikiii;; |ii' ni'd^iiifinii nf Iick. (loin of tllOtlJ^'Ilt, of fltitll, (if H|II>>'1'||, Hint of cniiHcii'iM'o, til iloriiiiiiiti- till' ImikI It i^< imt ti» till' liitiii |Mi)|ili>H, ivhi'llii'i' I'li'iu'li nr SpitiiiHli, wli«» liii\t> ill turn t)>a)[)'>ntiily cliiiiiH'd toniln tluH Midilli' \V»>«t ; • it Ih not '^ A I't'i'i'iit iiM'i iiiU'it alili' |iliil'iHii|)liu'ul liiNliii'iciil wrifiT, I'n.fi'HHor .fulm Kinki', in niio of Iiin ni'i-iit wiiikH, "'I'liM llt'i/iiiiiiriUH .if Nivv I'liiclinnl; nr 'I'll,, rnriliiti riii'iicriicy in iIh lti>liitinii> |u ( 'ivil iiihl |{i>. lit{iiiiiH liilii-i'tv," ilt'iiwH ulti'tiliKii ti> MuM'inifniHt litt- twriii wlml ii.> »(t.vlt'M"'riii' U'ltiiiii MiM mill Mil' Kii- kIihIi IiIi'u" of liilt|iili-inHl(lti;(. I'llf Itoliliill lili'tlliMl wiiM Hint iif i'i(iii|iii st with ii I puriitiKii, liiit wiHiuii* ri-|i|i Cliiiii r KiiuIhihI ill this itiiiiifctiiHi, uhi-jiIiih tnti jiii|i>>iiant a |iai't in tlir iii'\i'lii|iiiii'iit of the in^liiiti to file i'lllitaliH. vvhii, IIH III- cls-'Wht'if i'iiiicimIc:*, i'i>tal>- linlu'il II thi'iicriii'v anil imt a ifpi»'n»'ntativi> Kuvi-rn- nu'ut. Tilt' iili'u and tlii> iiuiizafiiin uf a rt'iiifscnta- tivt« yiivfrnnu'iit in tin' Ni w Wurlil i;ii>iltHt roiinil iu tlio Virginia Hoiisouf Mmici-HHCH.cKx'ti'il liyf hi- people in iii'ciiiilanct' with tiit> i-haitcr ^jivrii tlirm liy tlio Virginia C'onipuny of I^iiimIdii, aiul hhhi'iuIiIi'iI iii tlif Cliiirt'h at .laini'Htiiwii in Miju. IKti', iMfnic tlic coming iif tlio I'lyniiiiith m'ttJoii*. wan jaiil, with tlii' liironijianiincnt of the t'iinrch'H pra>t'rH ami the bU'HHiiiK of tlit'("linrcli'H prit'st, the foiiudHtiiiu-nti)Ue of Anii'rii'Hn frcciloiu. 3 t'l tlit< n-miHd fullli. of wlifcli »*•' Hir» Hi|. Miiri'il tliiit till' IiIxmI of itH iiiiiityiit iwul ('X|ilifH'»H liiirt m<>l«ti'iitil llii»vi»r)' noil of ikll tliiH rt'Mili of ti riilory ■ it Ih only to oiir UiiliHli niif>* tliHt wi' owi' toilu) tl><» iic 'iti- iiHiliI.' |Mi\ilt);tH of ||m« frt-o I'hiiri'li in tlio fit'f Hinti', tlmt tlii> iiii|iiiHitioii Iihh not lin- ^•'I'l'd li>'i)', flHiiiiiri^' tin vicliiiiM an it liim (Joiii' ia tlif S|»i»iiiHliAini'rii*tiii coiiiilrii^rt of Am'-rlni. hihI in S|.tiin itnt-lf. till ii f.-w y»'(irrt ni,'o. 'I'lic liintoiy of tin' woild j^'iv*'* iio iiiHtiiiiff of tli»' Ilonmii (Miuicli t-Vfr ^iv- iuK to n |)i'o|ilt« ri'liyiiiUH lilu'ity or fifi'tlom «>f h|..'icli. tliotij,'lit. or lii'lii-f. I ntu not untninitfnl •>! IIik vitiuiti'il claini of tli<> \M- tlm«»n* ftiniiiy <li«liinif irli^ri-mn fncil.ini in Mtiiylimil tluiinj^ the tt'rn|ioi'- Hiy ('oiiiiit'tMin of tliin fiiniily witli tin- llo- UiHU Cliurcli Hut tlu» Maryluntl clmirtM' of tolfiiilioh wiirt tlio j^ift of an I'lii^^'liHli Iiioiiairli. tin- numiniil liiinl of tlii> (!|iuifll of lln^lantl, and tin' crt'dit of any luiM'it in tliih donativf in dm- to tin- ^iviT and not lo tint it'cij.ifnt of tin- kindly ^rnul. Ajfaiu «lo I r«'jM'at tliat we. tin' |K'o|ilt» of tho Uni- ted StatcH, own ni'itliiM' oiir oiivcin or dc- vt'li>pnifnt, our :' »wlli, «mr j^lory. our lau- giiHf,'t'. «»ur naturnl pi'i-uIinritinH. onr ideaH of lift'. Iilit'rt> •■:Uii la. , our fn .aoni «)f Hpcccli, of thonf?lit, of ('oiiMfit'iicp to tho liatin pcoph'H or to tho (Jliurch of Homo. With thin luHtory, with tlit'so autoco- dontB, with th<> rt'nu'iulirancn of tho fact that thin groat common wealth of Iowa n i' 11 f.' ' I 'I I 4» A» •Jt fiiitiK'il pMft iif rnvnl i{iiiiil»« tn»»'lf t'» Vlr- giniii in lii*>»> liH>7. mul wim n'f'tjjm/.itl hh until ill ilH ^r.'tit ••Imrli r. it in |ilnlii Hi'it <>nr ((••iii'MiM in KiikIihIi IliitiHli, Ai)»;l--Six.>ii. tiMit iMir liiM»i»rii' fttitli it tlml '.f tlU' llnj^liuli I'liiHliuiiily »iii>l Cliiin-li »li»« t!liun'li nf Mhkiih t'urlB, wltli ItH ri«lit-4 lui I lilMT- tii>H fl.'.' iiimI illulii'liMl)!''. niitl iliir.r«'lltlatt'\y 11 •nmii Clmrfli, ( )iir r.'l.'- Idiition t....|iiynr till' flt'ti"Hi yi'iiftif l*iifi»*li lift' ill foiiiH'i'ti.Mi with lliiH liininrif Aiiii'ii. tmii (Miiircli, wlii»'h, frmo iU i'Iuh.i cmiiikm!. tioii with our Amt'iii'Hii hintoiy hii'1 itrt |iHrtifi|mti'iii i'loiii tlw' vfry IIihI in our iin- tioiiiuitliin^, limy w^ll l'« r«'K'Htl«'tl hk tli« ('liiiicli of tlif Niitioii. th<» AiiHMii'im C'luiifli. or. to tdlio tluj tillin|ihHMi/.f(l Ity »);ir hit*' (tt'iH'iiil ConvHutiou. hi* "tliftt por- tidU of thn Ciitholic Chuii'li known in l-iw BM tlio Proti'Htiiiit Cliuivh of tli.« Unit'Ml Btiitt'H «)f Am»'iini," in a noteworthy »«v.'nt, oiu' littin;,' for foiuiin'nioriitioii.. All honor to thoHC tnit'lu'iiiti'il nii'ii, who. in ii ih'W Hiitl not ovt'r-rij^ht»'oUM coimnuuity. rtMin'm- bcred the Chnicii of tht-ir I'lirly tliiyn. iiiitl wlioHo!i>{lit to liuild for tln'iiiHi'lv»r('ct»'(l for tlif» UH« of tht'mHt'lvcrt and tboir fttuiiliea, their frieudn aud fellow cit- ift^ I izoiiK ill tlit'ir vvoi'8bi[)()f ihn] irj tho l)eauty ()i hoIiiicHH All pnuMf to tliDSt' who have from time to time givi;i, iis God Ims ()io8- pered th"m, of tlioir PHtf.tes for the contiii- UHiKio of tliosB HPrvicPH Hiul fov pri(>HtIy support. All houor to tlios(( who, iu tlioir faith Hii(! iiy their siMf-deuiol, subatitutod for tht> humltlf> CImrcli (»f brick, which the H|)nhtolic Ivompor coiihocriited and which 1 recall a sco; . ot years a^o. All praise to the living', all honor to tlin dead, who, with zoal and in faith, It.iilt this ;,'lorioiisshriiits which it was my privilege, after years of continued effort to free it from lieu or encumbrance, to consecrate to the worshi[) and glory of Almighty God. Ah, beloved, these stones are for a memorial, and the names of the good and true men and women who made it pMssi')le to build this splendid sanctuary and to give it a free-will offering to God, may well be held in lasting remembrance. There have been faithful aud devoted priests of God who have labored here iu the days of small Ihinge and have pre- pared, and are still preparing tho way, for the coming change of this uobh; Parish church to a fitting Cathedral and the naming of Dubuque as a see city of the true Catholic Church of these United States Men — laymen of singular devotion, pome of them of national fame, have labored and worship- ped here, and their works follow them. Faithful women not a few, are here to be remembered, and reverenced for all time —2; J- } t 1 to a>mo, for loving' hiborti. untiriiij; pains. Evt-u chiMrt'ii li'iv.- tlu'ir n'mtMul)niiico on H day liko thirt I'or tlic iim&sivo (vilumiis wliii'li l>PHf np thf tiriii fiibiic of thirt Htfiti'ly Htructnif woio i\w cliiliinii's ^'iftH.'ftnd bIiouM l>Hir for nil timo to como llic histiii'j niomoriiil of their j^raciouK iii- t.MOBt ami Belf-dtMiyiuf,' ollortn. Wh Itlens Crtul for tho good cxainplt'.s of HIh Hcrvauts who have horo built tbiri noble Church. Whithfr tlu-y uro hero with uh, whctlior tboy liavo gone to otiwr bonu's and otbor tiplds of labor, whether they an' at nnt in Taradiso. their luinu'H are held in grateful memory, their works and labors of love are for eternal romembrance lielov(>d, aH (lod has been with our fath- ers in the past -as lie is with us in His House to-day, ho may He be with us in the days to come and till the hastening end of eart''i and lime. Here, beloved, is your spiritual homo. Use its blessed privileges aright, lie loyal t(» your priest, your Par- ish, your diocese, your Church. Live as fcod would have you live, finding in God's Home the source and spring of the Chris- tian life. Give of your time, your personal eflorts, your syrapathv, your means, your prayers, your loving dfvoticm to the shriue of the Most High God, and God shall own and bless your labor of l<»ve Yours shall l)e the blessing of our Heaveidy Father here. Yours shall bo the abundant entrance into God's everlasting kingdom hereafter. /! _J1— APl'HNDLK I. 'I'llK DIscoVKKKIt Ol' NOIil'll AMCKK'A, I'lvi'ii tlu* most niiliistciriciil iIlvt'Hti^;at()^ of the cliiiiUH of ("iilumlMi-i tu tlic (liscivciy uf the iii-w world iuliiiits that (Iiiliot it'il, itiid C.iliiinl)ii,H did not, tii'Ht iliHCKver •' the AiuiM'iciii I'uiitirii'nt." If liy tlin word "diHcover" tlic iuiiuin^r iiiiviiih, ii-i tliMdictiinuii'- i€>s<>x|ilaiu it, tobikjlit, toncf fur tlit- first tnui', rcwal, IuikI U|iou, tulic |»iNH(;.ssiy lirnt or Im- fnif otlicrH, C!olillul>ii8 did not "discover" tlu' "Aiiir-r- icHii coiitiiifut." (lt(>(irnt< liaiHToft to cite l>iit one of till' aInioHt couiitli'ss aiitlioriticH— in tiis 'llisl'irii of tin' I'liilcil St'llfs frniii tllf Pisriin-ril i)f the Aiiii'rirdii ( 'o/(////ijir' i uiiintt'cutli t'd., IJoston, ISi;^, Vol. i, |)p. Ill, 11), ufttT ■|iiotiii;{ Kiiitf Henry VU.'h coiumis-iion I'luiiowerius,' tlie ( 'aiiotd "to sail into tlie eaHtcrn, wcriti'iii, or inrtlicrn sea ' * in search of i.slandH, proviiu'es, or regions liitlierto iinsi'i'ii hy Christian |)im)|p1i', to atlix Uw lianuiMs of lMi;,'lanil on city, island or continent, aiul as vassals of tliw Enj{lish crown to possess and occupy the territories that niiijht he found," proceetis: "Under this patent ■•■ John (.laliot, takiiiK with him liis son, Hebas- tiun, embarked." " .\fter sailin;,' prosperously, as liu thought, for "'III leaw'iieH, on the Ulth of .lime, I I'.) 7, early in the moraiii;;, almost fourteen months before Coliiinbiis, on his laird \oyai,'e, c.ime in sii^ht of the main, and more than two years before Ameri^,'.^ Ves- pucci sailcil West of the Canaries, he dis('i)vcrcd the western coiititient, probably in the latitude of about 5tJde^'reL's, amoii^' thedmiual (ilitV-iof Librador. He ran alon^j the coast for many lea>{iies, it is s.iid eveo for iMit, and landeil, * i' He planted on the luml a lar^fc cross, with the tia){ of lOmfland," etc. It is hardly ne(uvssary to add to testimony s) con- clusive as this; uud yet, to make assurance doiiljly snro, Wi' will (ute a si nj^le sentence from VVinsor's".V(/r- rntivti (iiiil Oriticdl IliMonj of Amerird" (vjI. iii, p. 82), where the as.sertion is i)lamly stated: "We now know * * that John Cabot was the discoverer of AmiM'ica." All authorities admit that, so far as the North American continent is coucerued, Columbus uever saw it, and never trod npou it.s soil. The South .\m(!ricaii continent Columbus diil discover, but uot till louff after Johu Cabot had discovered, I If HiKlitc.l. liiiidfil upon, iiii.l tiikcii |.l)a^ie9m()H of, for KiikIhihI, till' Nortli Atn.-iican iMiitiiit'iit tlu'".\iut*r- icHii coiitiiu'iit" tiicii, milt l).v tliiN .liricowiy of tli<< CiilxitH, f.ir tlio liiHt tiiuf rcvfiilc.l to tlin p.M.plc of tliiit ilayaiiiU'iMii'iMtiiiti. 'I'liiit O'lliimlins ilinc'>vf ly.l Hull Siilvaili'rw.'li(iVfiit'ver lall!,'lla^'l! of I'lof. .loliii FiHkf, ill Ins fecfiit "Discon-ni nj Aiii>'ni-ii (I., p. ■V.t(l), "(,'ullliilliiis never piofefc^eil to liave ills- coveieil Aine.iea; lie (li-'d in the lielief that what he hail tlone wi.H to ivacli Uie eastern shores of Asia liy a Hliorter route than the I'oituuuese." "Til" Disfnt-cri/ (if Xnrtli Aiiif'.iini ; A Lritifiiil, Doeiiiiientarv. and Historic, lnve^tiK'Ution. • . . 15.V Henrv llarrisse (I'aris, IS'.tJ, ipiarto, pp. xii, HM), th"e niost'leariied.exhaiiHtive. and, we niiL'iit also say, poHtl.v work im"Tlir. Di/^-nn'ril nf Sortli Aiiimni, >,Mves the honor of the discovery oi tlie continent to Jolin t'liDot. The latest work hy the same learned author, puhlished in Ijondon this very sear ( \S'X,) in its very title, "John Caliot, the Discov.-rer of NortL America," asserts the same fact as iiieiueMtioneil. We iiad supposed tlia' the relative clai us of Cahot or Columhus to he re^'ard.Ml as the iliscoviMvr of the North American continent had been settled loin,' atfo by (iommoii c,)in'»ut. We now cite as one of the lat- est and most concise statements of the case, an ex- tract from tiie Intro In 'ti.ni to the llomaii (.!atholio Tardiic.M's •• Life of the Cil) )ts," written by the ilis- tiutfiiished Uomandatliohcsch liar and writer, Henry A.7{rous!!ii, Boi. of the celehrated cmvcrt from Uni- tarianism to the llomaii faith, Orestes .a. ISronsim, LL I)., of Verintioo. witli Ddcmiuiirits; liy KniiicBsei) Turduooi IrnnslntHil from tlio Italian, by Hoary b'. Uroiisua. Ddtr"it: IS'.W. Hvo, pp. via, ii, lim. 4 -20- inliiiitt-ly iiinrw IxMictlcial to inaiikiiul lliiiii tlic lor* nier." I', iii. Our (Uoniaii (Jatliolici antliority pnuiei'ik: "'I'll!' iiii|iipilaiicf (pf llii> (liscovt'i'.v of .loliii Cabnt, aiiii itucniiliiiiuitinii liv hm Foii, Sflinntiiiii.cau liard- ly liCKVoifHtiiiiHteil. Ir is iii>tliiii«tl('riit,'iitrir.\ totlu) Klory of (IhiiHtiiplit'i' <'ii1iiiiiI>hh. wlio \nn-*t ever lni iidii 'KmI hh tlir Ki'«»l<'»^f "f iliHcnvcrciH, t(i nay that .liiliii ('allot pit'cedt (I liitu ill flii' attfiiipt at tiaiiM- Atlaiitii' (lis'-uvtTy, ami althoiiL'h San Hiiivaditr was (iiscovcrcil nearly two years herme tiic Knifliftli jior. Be^nion-i were, (!al)i>t wotlli nive HiK'Cfi'ili'il liail Co- liiniliUH Jifvei' lived, " " Nor ilcicH it amount to aiiytliiiij,' to Hav tlnit the dini-overy to the north would have lieeii the inivi- thhle rennlt of i;uroiiean aoinaintanee with the West Indien; for It is eiiaally true that the discovery of IheHf and ail hoiltii would lia\t' fallow 'd the din'ov- ery of • Nearonmlland.' Cahot had lieeii for vearH lookinii for land to the U'e.it, led liy a courHe of rea- Honin^r similar to that which intliienced < 'ohimlniH, and h:id (!ohiinl>iiH never lived would liave heeii Co- lumliiis." This, it will he reineinhercd, is tlin hinnMaye of a Kouiaii Catholic aiitiiority. "("(•lumlma ami (-ahot looked for a laud of «olil imd spices. (!nluiii!iiiH foiiiiil the lands rii'h in prec- ious metals, and the result there has lieen fotir eeu- turii's ef cruelty, slavery, and oppression, of despo- tiiMii and anaichy. Ciiliot found a land whose only wealth was in the codtish that swanned on its coasts; hut that laml hecame the cradle of liherty and jus- tice, of nsistaiice to tyranny and oppression, the refii),'e of tlio enslaved ami dowii-tr iddeii of t very cliuie. 'i'he world, humanity, is hetter, nohier, hap- pier, for the d'si'overy made hyt'iiliot; but liaH any heuelit to mankind resulted from the laiids eoiitli of nsV" r. iv. •' It IS further claimed for Hehastian ('ahot that to him is due the commercial yreatness of England, ami if BO, of course, also that of the United States." Pp. v, vi. " It was under the impulse of these exampleH+ and appeals that iu 14WI the citizens uf Uristol (England J \ t'l'lie NoMemon. -27- luiincli.'.l a Hiniill Hlii|>. mul «ivim.' tin- (".iiinmn.l to till' ul>lfrtt HoiiiiMii tli.'> liiul, Hoiif it vvcHt uf Icclaml iu Ht'Hn-li nf tlm islaiiil of linizi!." "Tim »<\|(.MlifJiiii luHti'ii twi. montliH, from .Inly ir> to Hopti'iulttM- IH, mil (•.■luni.Ml witlioiit aiiv r-niilt. TliHfiiiliiit'of tliwi!X|ifilihoii nct'iurt toliuvolcsfniyt'il all tlifir iiMrfi' for a new attoiupt; for tin- S|iiiiiiali HinhaHMailor, writing to liin kinir of tin- diRcovcry of C;aliot, aii.l inMitiuiiiiiK tlic otlu-r attempts ma.lo Hoiiif ycurH iii'for.' Iiy tli.< m"ii of llristol, lfi;iiimin? ill ir.ll, (,'iv(s all the iiii'rit of tlu-m, or ratliiT turowH all till" l)laiiii'of Hi(>m accinliiik' to liirt view.oii Jolni Oahot." i'(). ;«;, :!7. , .... •''riit> S|iaiiiMli Aml)aH;y tin- fain i ^ of tins (Ifiiot'sc |.lolm (;,ilioi |, have fiirnislu'il two, tlircc, or four cnravflH oiicli yi'ar to ^'o in Hi'ar.'li of tlic IhI- hikIh of I'.ra/.il ami t'lio Scv.'ii Oitifn ' " V. -V.K "\Vi< liuvo Kfcii that the person iti'liivitcil by .\y-^ ala niuliM- ihf name of tliJH (Jfiiot so waH.Foliii tiabot." P. :!'.». " I'lu' islaiilsof IJrazil aiil of tli^* S.>veii Oitios " wen- "siippo-ifil to li(> Hitiiatoil in the iniililli- iif tins Atlantic D.van," (p. Ill) ami (^msiMiucntly lia.l"not tho HlJK'litfst (Miim-ctioii witli tin* eaHtorn coast of Tliis t^npportfi tli" claim raised in Winsor's " Siir- nilirf mill Critical Ilixlofil "/ Amcricii" that Cabot realized the discovery :iO had made as that of a new world, while ColiimbiiH never diil. On the hemisphere made by Sebastian Cabot we read, iu '•ThiH laml w,is discovered by John Cabot, Vene- tian, ami SeliHHtiiiii (labot, his son, the year of the l)irtli of our Saviour .lesns Christ I41»l, on the '24th of .lune, iu the luornim,', to which tliey «ave the name Fivnl l.auil Si'i'ii; and to a yreat island which 18 opposite the said land they wave the name St. Joint, becanse it was discovered that day." , , ,• Such is the testimony borne by lioman Catholic authorities to the Btatements we have made with reference to the comparative claims of Colnmbiis or Cabot to have been the discoverer of the North American continent, and with reference to the com- parative results to mankind of the two discoveries. Need more be said V -28-- APl'KNDIX n. <'.\linr NOT A Itn.MAN 111 I' AN AM.Mi'AN c \TI|Ht,ll'. "lint ('lll)i(t, MH Well IIH ColumllllH, WIIH 11 Itulllilll (llitliulic" Hili'll is tlio Uljflllllfllt of liint rt'Holt ill tliin coiifrovci-ffy, if hucIi it miii any Iniiufi- Ih- cnllnl, i'»'H|ici'tiiiu till- trill' ilisi'uvi'ri'i' of Aint'iicii ut Hir tIonh of tlio I'llli Ciiitiiiy. [ Imvf anUiil in piint ii^iiiii ami aj,'iiiii, iiinl for yi'iirn, wiHiont any HiitisfMctnry niiKwcr, if it ih ciiniinifilili- witli ('(1111111111111111 of tli« "Holy Kouiaii C'liiircli" to rfpfatcdly wet at (Ictiiiiice H jia|:il Hull or liiilln? Kor tliiH is jii«t what -loliii Calxit ili.l, and tlic niont bitter " I'rotcHfiuif " I'oiild Hot "(irotcrtt" iii;aiiiHt tlii' aiitliority and arroiiant iih- RiiiiiptiotiH of Koiiii' ill a inor<> dctorniiiicd and il( liaiit rnniiiirr. Itut tliiH in not all. In tin- I'dli ('ciitiiiy Uoiiic still rccoiriiizcd flii' cxiHtt'iici' and iiidcpt'iid- I'lU'c of the national ("liiirclu'H, iih of -'imin, l^'rancc, Eii^rland, (Ifrniany, and otIicrH, wliicli Imd not tlit'ii lH'«'n iiicrK't'd into 11 Hiiit,'U' ortfaiiization with a new creod. and a miijli' form of worship, and a hierarchy wholly HuliHcrvii'iit to "Our Lord tlic I'dpc." 'l'lu> riiur("'h of KiiKland, Kcci.i.si \ Anolicxna, had. wlicn Ciihot sailed wcntward in 1 t'.tT, its rinhtH and privi- lejffH, si'(Miied liy Matrna Carta and rt'cotrni/.ed in tliat iiiHtriiiiUMit hy I'^iuHhIi ArcliliishopH and IMwli- ()pH, liy the elerjty,' tilt' Cdiirt, the p('( pie, despite tliii Imll of I'opu Innocent 1 1 , who excoiiiaiiiincited iu vain all who accepted this K'l'eat charter of l:/it,'iiHli freedom Thin indepeii lence of the pupal pici ilJII- tivo and the lieliestB of liome I'lnwlHiid f-tonHy niain- taiiied, and still maintains, uud it \h bo that the " Holy lioman Church" in Kunhind to-day iH not the inde- pendent Church of Knuland, of Majjua Carta, with the ArchbishopH and Hishops ocoupyinjf in nnhroken Bucceasiou from the Cutholio IJiBhopsof old its hccs, it8 BanctuarieB, its revenues and its domains, hut is an "Ituiiim Mission" intrusive, alien, out of touch with the people, the institutions, the laws and liher- ties of the land, where it is and where it must ever be a dwarfed and feeble exotic. It is the same with us. The Holy Roman Church, for such is its name ns found in the Creed of I'ope Pius IV., an uu- f \ niitlii>i'i/,cil Mini iikmIi'I'ii tiihlitiiiii to tlii< Crt'cilH nf < 'lii'isti iiiliiiii, I'liii iii'Vrr III- II iiiitiiiiiiil, all .1/1(1 /'('• (•((;/, Ciilliidir I'liiiic'i III fliJM liiMil (if (iiiiH ItH liicr- aci'liy, liiiwcvfr Hii-y iiiiiv nsHiiniti the olii tiiiic titlt'H (ir IIh' liiNfiH ii- vi'stnii iiI'< mp tln> iiuiiK'ni'lutiii'' nf u |ii'iiiiilivi', iipiiNtiilii' ( 'iitliiilii'itv, Is lint Aiiit'rii'iin. ItH aili'k'iiiiii'i' IH uivfii li> foi'iijiij (iiitli til III! iiIk'Ii putt'ii- tatt'. ItH iiDirjiilH, wliitLti Ari'liliii^iin) H, I'lhlMU'M, (JHrdiiiiil.-j, |iiiirticiill> ri'ii'iiHici" their all)- iiiiii'i- to till' t^iivrriiiiiftit nf till' I'liiliil Stiitt'H af tlifir cniiHH- cratlnn. 1 1 tlii-y, alniii' nf Ifniiiaii HislmiiM ni A rch- liislinpJ, ail' fri'fil finm till' vnvv iii|i|ir<'ii nf every Itnllinii HiHlinji at cniiNeciiillnii tn peri't-riite lieri ticH, /.c.tl iti/.i'llHnf the I'liiteil StilteHwIln rrfuhc t(» lu'ci'lit Mieir reiiifinnH lii-lief ami ciiiirnriii tn their n|iiiiiniiH, it is Hiill true that the iiii-Aiinriciiii tiiK'h- iliyw nf the S) llahllH, the ilnifiiuiH nf the Vlitii'ail, Hlld file iiifiillilile ulteiaiiceH nf ti faith, which they muHt lU'('e|it illi<|ilt-Kliniie'ricH iliinnu' thin ntiiikf- UU> fur Hii|iritiiat')" to iiutt< tlit'ir it'H|K!rtivt' iiiodi'Hof tn-afint'iit of tin- alt iiirfiiii'H. ( )r tin- atmcit) of tlm NpaiiiHli lut'aMurt'N for (^liriHtiauizimf the nativi'H of Aiiui'icu Wo iifctl only iiii|iiir>> of SpaiiiHli anllioii- tii'H. It waH flin li;i|itlHtu of lilooij timt wiw forccil ii|Miii tlii'Hc Hiin|il<>, i,'iiiii'l('HM hiiiiaiiH whom OoliiiU' liiirt iiiiiiHcIf t'liHlitvi'il aiisH Kri><'il, thi' iiativit |it'oiiii'H within liJH F'HHfli were prautiually cxttiruiiu- attKl. or till' iniii-h vaiuitt'i) iiUHHioiiH of tlu> Frciicii tlit< iiniianiiil I'arkinan wi'it<>H, in IiIh latent volmut'H; " It WiiK till" n'lU'oiK'li of tim .h'Hiiit iniHsions that they ii'ft tlit> Hiivaut- a Havat^B Ktill, ami i'Hk«'il littli< of hiin lint till' |ii'actic'(«of iMTtaiu ritcn, ainl tin' iiasnivi' hi;- ('(•iitaiici' of ilii^niim to him ini'om|ii'«4luMiHililc." * "i'lic ri'siilts of tilt' .Icsiiit misHioiiH in the Wt'Ht liail li*><>n iiD'aKrc anil traiiHii'iit to ii Hiii'|iriHin^(li>>;i'i'i',"'i' Ha>H tin- Himic acknowlcilKJ'd authority. It w.w thu coiifcHHion of a roMil Kovcrnorof Nt'W l''raiii'i' in IH'.tK that ''tliiiM fur all fiiiitH of the miMHiotiH (•onHi-.t in tilt* l))i|itiHiii of infants who rcachiiij,' tliu nifi' of ri-aHou." + It may lii» trnt- timt the .It suit I''atli*rri of Ni'W I'Vance, Hiich aw .loiuii''». linlii'iif, Lallt^niant anil ('harli'H < lariiuT, were Imtli ii|iostU'H aH wt'li tiH iiiartyrH; hut tiu'ir Kiii'i-t't-KoiM wciv, n» I'arkman provi'M, political H>,'t'iitH rather tlian t'lii is- tiiili pricstH in thiH racf und fnitli Htruj.'i{lt' f'lr mi- pit'iiincy. " I am wi'll pIcaHeil," wrote tin' (lovi'ir.or \'uuilreuil in 1721 to I'athor SolniHtiaii liale, "that you unit I'ern tli> la I'liaHHn havt" prompted the Indi- HiiH to treat the lOiiKlii^h iih they have done. My or- derH are to let them (the HavaireHi want for iiothiut;, and I Hend them plenty of aminiinitiou " f; So far fnan exhibitiu;,' "the peaceahlo fruits of riyhtcoUH.. •I'liikiiiiiii'H "A ll»'f Ct'iiliiry iif CiMillict," i, JU. tlltiil, i,j;i. tlhid, i,'£1 IhicI i, 1!U S U.i.l, i, ■Sll. \ -81- iii>mm" tlu< liiHtoriuii, in il«*M<>riliiii(f tin* |M>ri<><| I'lmriio- tnri/i>i| l)>' ('iitti)ii Miitlii-r iih "t(ii> wofiil i|tM>iiili>" - ili'frilllilllll liwlifiiliumlilu iHHi-rtpi Ultf "til- Hintril' iiii'iitN iif tliiH it{iiiililf wiirfitn- mill the ii'VultiiiK iitrH timt ii('i'i>iii|>uiiii'il it witc mM, nr lu'iirly all, coiivi-itt'il linliitiiH (if till' •ti'iiiit luiHsuui." * Ih it II wtiiiiltM' lliiil I'liikiiiiin h1iiiiiI(I i'liiinii'ti tliiH md- ciiIIimI "I'diivcrHiiiii " to u ('liiiHtiiiiiity ''tliii-t ilivnri't'il rriiiii fivili/.itiuii mill NliDwiiiir iiotlniik; of tin- ti'tii-li- iiirfM of C'liriHt." iiH "ii fiiiliirc mill ii fiuuil V*' Cmi- trftnt tliti roMiiltH of tlii*Ht> iiiiHHioiimy luliorH of \\w Tiiitiii ( 'liiiri'li witli tlioHc of llii< ('Imri'li of I'liik^luini lit till' H'lutli mill Nortli, mi'l tlioHo of tin' ApriHtln Kill t ill Ni'vv Kiittlmiil, A ('liriHlimi |)i'o|>li' to->liiy iittt'Ht tlii« iiii'tlioilHof tint {''.iikIihIi iiiiHHioiimii s miioiii; till' MolmwUHof New York, 'riic I'rayiir Hook trmiH- jati'il, ill piirt, early in the I'l^'litt'ciitli rciitiiix, itiui (■oiii|ili'ti>ii II liiiiiili'i'il yi'iiTH mill luiii'i' iiuo, witli tliH (ioHpt'l of S. .John, Ih iiHfil to iliiy Imtli in Cmiiiilit ainl in tlic I'liitt'il Stiiti'H. Klio* kiivc to tin* liiiliaiiH of hirt tiiiit' till' Hilili' i-oinpli'tt' in tlu'ir invn toiiuMt'; lint no mil' nm icitil to il iv IiIh iniin.stakiiii; work, iDiil all tiai'i'H iif liiH laliorH Imvi' loii;,' hIih'i' illHap- lifiircil. lint fill' Iniliiin iiaiiii'H on tin' I'litalo^iu'H of '• Hmviii-il" anil " William anil Mary" mnl tin' HWcct uii'iiioi'ii'H of Mmit*'o, I'lii'iilioiitaii, aiul Ni-ori's ami liiinili't'ilH of oiir iilioriuitii's wlioHi' livi'i liavi' la'cu niiswrralil)' to tlii'ir (Iliiihtiaii pioft-Hhioii, Htiiiul out ill Ht I oil),' mill ti'lliiiK I'oiitrast with tin' Kiivakfcry (if ilii' Ji'Hiiil uiiHMJoii I'onvi'itH, wlioHi' piii'HtM iiloiK^ kiive nliHoliition to till' liiiliiiiiM "on I'oiiilition of ahvaya lifiiii; fiit'aiii'H of till' l'!iii{liHli." ' • It waw tlicii iiH it w to'ilay. TIuto whh no iiu> provi'iiant of tin* IiKlian'H coiiilitioii, !io npliftini,' of iiiM t^pirifiial or intelU'ctiial natiiii', no ili'vi'lopiiifiit of a liitrlicr lift', conti'iilplati'il or uri'im'il liy X\\« Ji'Hiiit niisHioiiari«'8 of Xi'w Frani'c in their aliiind- iiiit lalioFH. (\in(*('i|iu'ntly, in all that vant ami iin- ilclini'il icnch of territory which \m Salle hiul eallod Ijoiiiniaiiii, utieti'hiiK,' from the (ireiit Ijiiken to tliti iDoiithof the Misrti'^stppi, no traee existn to-dny of all tlu'He I tlbrts. The iiiiperfeit Latin Cliri.Mtimiity, if Christianity it can he calleil ''the rt'liirion of liatr«-il ami cruelty, of rapine nud lilooil," faileil out * I'arkiniiM'H "A Uiilf Ci'iilury ot Ciiatlict," i, l."i ♦•ll.iil, i.il nihiil. i. IW. -88- itfitlulit Itffori' th.' iii|vMtii'«> of till- I'.iiuIihIi (Mirittc iiiiitv, till' Kimlmli ('ivih/.itloii, tlii> I'jiiflHli uU'H» tif lilMilv I ml !ii». It !« fiiHl" f'M llioi'liuri'lii.f iC.iiii' til III* rluIIJl l.t till' |M.^»,i'hM|iili i(f tilt' tiriltnrv iif till' I'llitlil Stiiti'H nil IliK iriMiiii.l llml liiil''li rVi-, fiMiiiltrM iif (•"iliuiitw, unci iiiifNitiiianrri " I III- wi'ik i>f tin- Liitiii |iif It liiiriT liiitli iiiiil 11 iiulilir" mil' Ai/iiiii Wf in-M.-rl ■ mill liKli i> litiiiH nut mill vnlti.'M tin* «>tiiiiii wit lllllki' tlllit W»', till' |itii|ili' nf till' I'lllli'il Stult'H, tivvt' iii'lliiiii/, "ll f.ir n« tln> ilfVi'liipmi'iif iif our iiii- tioiiiihtv, till' tfiiiwtli iif our Cliri-timiit) iiri' con- ct'riit'cl,' to M|.mii, iii>tliiiih{ to l''rmii'«', iiiitliiii« to l^lllll'^^ AIM'HNDIX IV. Till, I'lllirW II I Ml NT IN mil N\ril>NM.\KI.MI. In Niiiiii' of till' criti'iui'H III) tli« Inn initc iiml iIIh- tiirti'tl AHwiii'iati'il I'lffH rriioilMof tliH tlmcourHi', I lllivi- ih'fii I'liurKcil with iifiioiiiii; till' iillt'Ki'il coiifri- liiitiiiii to iiiM iiiitioii niiikiiik; of tlii> riiritmiH, who miiiuht, not to I'HtiililiHli lithi'r fifMiloni, civii- or ro- liKioiiM, or rii'f'iiiMtitiitioiiH, liiit a tlitofnicy mnl tliB tlu'ociiitir iiJi'iiH iiimI |iriii('i|p|rH iif ■ludiiihin. 'I'lm (loiij-htv limuhfrH of Nt'W .ViiiHttnimii, wIiohi« luiNi- lU'HH ill till' iiiw wurlil wiiH (•oiriiiii-ri'iai, tatlii'r than liolitii'iil or iiiHtitntidiiiil ; tlii' imtii'iit iiikI imluH- trioiw HwnliMoii till' lii'lawiiri', who I'liiin' from flu'ir iioiiuH III Norlhcrii Kiiropc to Iiiim- in iifw IiiiuIh thn (i|i|iortuiiiti' H for |iroH|i('iit\ iiinl ih'Vrlo|iiiiiiit ilmii'il thciii III tliiir imtivi'SsM'ihii, «iivi' litth', if Hii\thiii«, to tli.« hhapiiiK of our iiihtitiitioiiH. I iini ri'mimli'il of till' .Si- fi'li-lrinh, of WVi-tirii l'tiiii«\lviiiMa, ami till' Ilij^hhiiiilcrH, of North Camliiia; of thf "I'iU KriiiHof Mnr.vlaiiil." thf r.-miMylvaiiia Diit.'h in the miihlli- htiitiH, mill till' Swi.-M nml Hiil/.l)iir«»'rH in South Carolina and (Icorttia, liiit I am H|n'ukiii«, in trf atiiiK of tim (It'iH'HiH of our iimtitiitioiiH ami tlio foumliiiK of the mitidii. of a |» rioil carlii-r than that of till' coiiiiiij,' of any oii»' of tlifHi- immitfratioim. It is an hiHtorio fact, iiii|io|iuhir though it may l»' rc- KariU'il in Hoiue <|Uiirf»-rH, that tlio foiimliiiK i)f our tt"Four«'«»n«nri«»of Contliil. IVrry |»i>. U7 '^in. -M- ti- <>r III* hf nil to. ihI Mil III* ' It \V«t •••I. m> in- to tiH- •. I :ri- ho rt'- tin lut INJ- lllll IIH- ii'ir tint umI UK. il.l tnil I'il- the ill , ill the liiit It ro- oiir fri'i' limHtiilioiix, thi' rt'CitftiiHtin of e>lvil iiinl ri'litf- iniiN lil>irt>, thi- Im«iiiiiiiij nf our r«'|ir«''"'iitiitiv.' K"*»'""«'' "*. "'" iiitroiliiclinii .if Ihi' r.iiuhHh Chinch gl jiiiil riiitMtiiiiif>, thf sfltU'iiiiiit of the im.li'ilvuuf I |iiiiM'i|ilm I'll wliH'li liit< ii|i|i)'»il to iiriiiN of oiir filth- i iTM wim tiimh' hi the nsohitnii, lhi> liitroiliictioti of til niniioii luw, Iht' ri«o»iml lil>i«rt> |irott(l..l lt> law. thi' iiiiHiiiidihtv of »h«>»fov(«niiiu proviNioii for popiihir ••ihii'iilioii, nlllht'wi' iiiMtiliitioiiiil hli'iiii, nil (iii'H)> fiihiliiiniiitiil |)riiii'i|il)'H of our tfo\i>riiiiii'iit, wen' iiiiiili- part iiml |iiirr<'l of oiir I'liloiiiiil, our Aiiiitii'iiii lifi' in fiii't, nil Iht'f*' prini'iiih'N wiirn (lff«'riiiiin''»'. huitf Iw-foro tlin hiiiiliiitf i-f (hi- Pilgrim fiith.-rd at I'l.vmoiilh Hock in It'i'JO, i'oiimi|Ui'nlly in Htiulviiii^ Hit« (ItuuHiH of our coiiiitrv, our litii'it). civil ainl ri-li«ioUH, our coiiMti- tiition, our pcrHoiial rmht« iiinl chartcri'il |irivih'KCH, \\v iiiiiHt turn to the Mtory of the early Viruuiiu wftlc- iiiciiIh mill lliiil there the hourceaiKl »<|»riin( of our iu'iiiK. 'I'litt point I have iniiih' in thm luhlrer-H iiiir Iowa coiiiieetioii with ViiKinia durinw the very ile caile of l)>ii*'> Diiil, of our nulioii iiiiikintr, thoiittli overlookeil hefore, iH a nuitter for Htate priile. Our KeiieniH in that of the llrHf iliHCovery of the continent oflhetlrNt exploratioiiH, of the llrHt eohmi/Htion, of the tirnl eventful atteiiints at imtion-niakiiiif, Sincii thiM (licmie of formal ami HiicceMMful fiumlinif thero may have heeii many a contiihutioii from many peo- ph'M, and from many lamlH, hut here wmh tlui utart- inijr point of our present tfieutm-HH, ami that Mtartintf ptiint, iiH well iiH yearH of Bul>Hei|U(Mit care ami help- ful tniinin^f, we «Hve to the mother laiiil. Illood IN thicker Ihiiii water. The race peeuliariticH and alliinilicH "will not out," and in the time to come tim race of which we are worthy rcprcHeiitafiMH shall rule the worhl: - America, the Wehterii hemiH|ilu'rt>. KnulamI, with America, the Kadtern lieiuiHphere, If tliiMiH unpatriotic it ii liiHtoric truth, und it in tlio piitriotiHiu of our fatherH, who, for more than tlireo centiiricH maintained, at the cimt of liloc d and tieiis- *. lire, the riKhtu of the KiikMhIi speakini; race to the mainland of the noitherii continent, to the territory now potiHCHHcd and occupied by the United Htates, airaiiiHt thedaimH of the Latin peoplcM, French, ami Hpaui(-li, Hiid till) faith of tho Church of Komt>, which wii», ill il..' . liK. 1 III Mill lilt Hi w iillh*'. «>|'|" "*•''! ti> rrtiilii f llii>tiuli». IxMif itii.l H|.-.'|p, iliiil l.ii» tftv III MM iitic lifiKiai', «liii*ti, If Wfiili* t.f ofir Bill-, *•' hIimII fcf.tiUls itiiiiiiluiii. rtiiK liirtliiuf l» «'i»ll mil ri'liuli'KN liliiiliiii fill iin iiIhI fir nil <»li'i »•»>* oiif hIh'H'n mill iiri' nitil) ••rl» Itri-, mill Ihw. Mi'lMUX V. tiiK )«>Nriiov»^^ti«>v MUM HttMy, Hiif l!iiiHiiiii»"t nilitiii'i iiM' iliHiifiMil til |ilii> lif* Hihl l>«i"»' Willi llioM- «liti uiitiiii' l"> tlici'iiHM till ir lllflnn, till ir I'liii-rii'i ., Ihril lii'lli'f. TIllH Vil» ilix- i'ittii>.i', till' htiili iiii'iitK t>f hIiii'Ii v*i' iirr I rijiiiii'l III ill flllll ll\ till' tlHlllMHIS "if lllht.ilillll* I'f IC'lllK'NVl I'liuiil iiii|'iirliiilit> mill rtciil.i Willi' iipiiii', liiif. Imii li>i>lllliil IiIkI llll«'ir|ili"''Mliil Ml till' lllti'll'lM 1 r Itii- mini I'liiliiiN iihil l!(iiiii»'li (iirvi rclium of liittniy. tliriiil«ll il-li>i ii >l, iiikI till' iiiijjiml ,MS JM I'jifll tn till' IMW|Mfll f l|ll\ |i'|li|tll'ili> IllVl'^-tluil- till' \Vl« llllVI' llll.llil lli'llM III Hll|l|il- t llf till' hlllli'- iiinitH Ml till' tixt. mill till' v. rilliMiti-iti >>f tli ■m- n.itt'M omi III' ii-Kiiri'il III iiii> jiiililii' liliiMi* ill HiiN llf iiiir (•itii'M III' liiivi'i liiwiiH. Ah nil Xiii'TJi', III llf till' \nii>r- iciiiw li) ili'i'i'i lit, liN iiiMhtitfiiti 11. Iiv full ciiiiyi"'- tinii; iiM nil Ann liriiti ('Ihiii'Imiiiiii. «Iii'hi' tuiiiiitivi' II|iiinIiiIU' I'lltlmliritv It JM II .lllty llliil 11 |il lV|li'.,'i', li ' Will iiH iiii iiiii|iii'i«tiiiiiiil riu'lit iiMlifrii'l mil miiMi tain iilfiiiiihl till' iiKMiiniili'iiiH llf mi iiliiii fniniiiiiii inn, «liiili iiiTiM" 111 r.ihliiiji'S All' liislmi M mill Clllil IIIiIh, nut fliilll lln' Allirrii' Ml lil'nplr. Iillt frnill II fnri'i.-ii |Mitiiitiili', mill iii'i-<|it Itn vi i\ iIh^iiiiih miil lii'liif, iiiit fiiiiii iiiiiiiiti^" i,|iii«H->l;i' Ciilliilii' ti'iicli- iiiui'i' tiiiiliiii»ii. liMt finiii mi inl'iillilili' ItiiliMi |iiiii- tilT, ill wlniHi' I'huii'i' Iti.limiH lii'Vc tlu' iiiiij'nit.v of vol I'M mill wliiiHi' \i'i) rii'i'liiiii ittii uu'imi'i' to Itiil- JHii iilii'itii'i', iiM it JM tiiiiur iiwii wt-rliiiiii till' riulit tn ili-cii^rt tliiHM iiri'ium'l m.> llf niliHi'i'rutiiili IliloiU'li till' liivinii nil nf linn l« r»itl Hhi'Mliirti »tii»i, Ui'itim- i(iiliiiMiiin>MM, iiii|fiifiiil» lit, Hi.tiMiial. lit »>i«' »»'r> (If-^J »l!!»>.-nr lit*' l!..|,i»l.U.', M liHM In* II lhi> ( hiiri'ti >>t >>tir litnttii) iltrittiali I'lilxiitiil tillta, mill iMUIUH'ti- I Witll •■lli'li i>|)f,t'll i(f nlir Hl|l|ii|l' itiiikiiii/. h I"* Mil' I'liiK'ti iiI>Ii>>i>Im, iMir i>4iii-iili<| nml lliiiilniiiif hi> li liiiii'i|'M iiiitl iili'MH, iMiliiniii* I ilm (itinirM rm lli» »iiilliMnlli» •>( iMir hi.lt I" •"•"•• •'•it'»"l HliiliM ttmii till' vi'O •lii> mI»ii •' I>< I'liiriilloii i>r Itiili'i'i MiliiM>i> mi- kIuImiI pHlriMll.- lliM.IH/ln>l|f -l"t>, |t|l' frmlM' III till- I'lvil wur. iH rifti-inu !•• (••i'mjih/i- Oiti ilt>-iiiiiiil»'iiii«'ri» if Mi'»'lii|M'ii nr tU» riilnii. I'ltlrk' t.|ii> ».i .lii> III "tiitiilitia lliiii til ilMinlviwiii') of AiiM'r* ii'ikii |iriiiil|>li"«, mill III tlic iiiumtiiiiiii >f tlii> Iwiii iili-MNiir riiiiifii iiImI fiiiiiiln , OmiI mul iiiitivi' Ininl. <'(iii It 1.1' f.irvfittiii III ir 1*^1 lliini'* of III'- ••laiiiTw of lllf l»»n||4llll|.lll l.f ll|l|l|.«'lti|l'IM't' Wl'lt< «Miiiri'li- nil"!, wlulf Imt \i wiri' «'iiiik. :i l/iMkiix, I lliihi'iii Ciitliiiili'i '('hurli'i* t'liiiiill, i-f (iirriill. H |mW.|i ii(< r iiiul iif- tfiiiliiil at our I'liiiii'li lit .\miiii|>iiIIh, ciuiit'il iliiit unat I'larli'i or AtiMiittttU frfvtlum. i AI'l'KNDIX VI. nil: IIIVM. (I,\IM»MS I nil rilK NOIITII XMr.Hll'All < ■!» M I M N r. • TliM |''iviii'li ill lli»' tiiiiM (if I'niiii'iii 1. ami latiT. rliiliiiiil •111' iii'W c.iiitiii'.iii liv rniiKoii iif ViTiii/ziiiiiiV vii.Miu"' ali'iirf iIh Atliiiidi' t'iiiiMf. I 111' f'liiiii, Imivv- I vt'i', wa>- lint iiiiiili' k{<>iii| liv |>i'i niiiiii'iit i)CiM.|ialiiiti iiii.vwli).|'i> ali>iii( till* M'.tliiiiiril of III!' iiri'Mfiit I'liilml Htah'^. "Moii'iivfr, till' Kiitfliuli, iimliT tlif Ciili.ifM. Iiml Hiiilcil aiiiiiu lliii r>iii-t t'liilii'r. Still it^HMiml till iicatl) a I'i'iitiir.N Iim.I |»iimhi'i| tliiif tin- l•',il^li^'ll Knv- » Miiiiciit. iir«fil liy flii'h|iirit wliirli lliiUlii>t ainl Dr. Dec wiM' fiiKtciiiiu. iiHiiki' to till' • iiK<'i.'. 'I'lii' rii'iii'li at a lali'i ila\ hoiiu'Ii* to (lincrt>ilit tliii Kuk'lifli claiiii, "M tin- wniiiinl tliiit Hm> Ciiliots ui If luiv.iti' ii.UfiitiiK.irt aii.l I' mill •'sliilili»li no iia- ♦ ioiiiil iiiftiiitiniiH. 'I'ln' l'!in;lii-li iioiiitnlly ii|(lit'»l I -;W5- fliiit tlicir Henry \'[1. hud uivi'ii tln'in piilfiitH wliirh ii'si'ivcil to the ('i(>"ii tliiiniiiion ovit imy liiiids wliicli wt'to iliMCiivi'i'i'il 1 liJH it'|p|y wun tiinmphiiiit sn far UK it went luit it ^tlll hit thi> i|iit'Ktiiii) iiHiil(> whrthcr Cdiist (iiHi'iivcry citriii'il riyhtn tuthf interior, piiriieiihii iy nf Hneh inliiny Hiiccessive r(i>al patenth and ciiarteis, lieuiniiiiu' in HliKi and ending m iilli'i, which appro- priated the lialiitalde |)aits 'if tiie e yreat liver and jiist seaward of its deltas." Justin Winsor'n 77/e Hiviil ('IdhiKiiits fur Aiiitli Aiiifricd, H'M ITi'if). Worcester, .Mass., IS',1.'), Svo, pp. 21. .Instill W'iiiS'ir in 77/c liiriil (iniminits (\>. 7) iia- siires lis that "when tlie niaui tfrants to the I'lyni- oiilh and l^ondon conipaiiies were siipersetU'd by h'sH exU'iisive allotiiieiits, tliis Kanie sea-to-sea extension was constaiitly reinforced as far as iteration could dolt. I'he provincial charter of .Massachusetts, for instiiiice, in conliriniiitr the earlier liounds, carried her llliiit.s west ti)ward the South S(>a. 'I'liat of \'ir- ijiiiia did the same, liiit with so clumsy a (lelinitioii tliat the claims of Massachusetts aiul Virginia col- lided in the Ohio N'alley and beyond. "The Ooiiyress of Aliiany, in IV.Vt, reanirnud this westward ext-^nsion, hut allowed that it had been niodilied iiortli of tilt' tSt. Lawrence only hy conces- sion to t!: iiada under the treaty of Utrecht in I7i:i. A similar ^;round was aesiinKnl hy Shirley at I'aris in IT.'i:!, when he met the l''reiicli Commissioners in an endeavor to reconcile their respective claims." I'lie i'lntflish not lontr liefore the devolution con- cedetl the territory west of the Mississippi to the !•' reach; Imt this error of .iudymeut and surrender of ri^dits maintained for nearly three <'eutiiries whs riv'hted by the Louisiana purchase of the United .States. ihk-..